NOTES and QUERIES:

A

HEMMHl

iflrtu'um of $nter*Cmumtmfratfon

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

VOLUME NINTH.

Januaey — June, 1854.

LONDON:

GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET.
1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

M When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

Vol. IX. — No. 219.] Saturday, January 7. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, 5<f»

CONTENTS.

Page
Our Ninth Volume - - - - 3

Notes : —

A Strawberry-Hill Gem, by Bolton

Corney - - - - - 3

The "Ancren Riwle," by SirF. Madden 5
Order for the Suppression of Vagrancy,

a.d. 1650-51, by John Bruce - - 6

Letters of Eminent Literary Men, by

Sir Henry Ellis - 7

Burial-place of Archbishop Leighton,

by Albert Way .... 8

Minor Notes :— Grammars, fcc. for
Public Schools — "To captivate" —
Bonn's Edition of Matthew of West-
minster — French Season Rhymes
and Weather Rhymes — Curious Epi-
taph in Tillinghum Church, Essex • 8

■Queries : —

Domestic Letters of Edmund Burke - 9

Minor Queries ; — Farrant's Anthem

— Ascension Day Custom — Saw-
bridge and Knight's Numismatic
Collections — " The spire whose silent
dinger points to heaven " — Lord
Fairfax — Tailless Cats— Saltcellar

— Arms and Motto granted to Col.
"William Carlos — Naval Atrocities —
Turlehydes— Foreign Orders: Queen
of Bohemia — Piekard Family — Irish
Chieftains — General Braddock - 9

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Lawless Court, Rochford, Essex —
Motto on old Damask — Explanation
of the Word " Miser " — " Acis and
Oalatea " — Birm-bank — General
Thomas Gage - - - - 11

Rkplif.s : —

Rapning no Novelty , by Rev. Dr. Mai t -

land - - - - - 12

Occasional Forms of Prayer, by John

Macray - - - - - 13

Celtic and'Latin Languages - - 14

Ceometrical Curiosity, by Professor De

Morgan - - - - -14

The Black-guard, by P. Cunningham - 15
The Calves' Head Club, by Edward

Peacock - - - - - 15

Photographic Correspondence :

The Calotype Process — Hockin'a
Short Sketch— PhotographicSociety's
Exhibition - - - - 16

Replies to Minor Querips : "Firm

•was their faith," &c Vellum-clean-
ing—Wooden Tombs— Solar Eclipse
in the Year 1263 —Lines on Woman

— Satin — " Quid facies," &c. — So-
ta-.les-The Third Part of "Chris-
tabel " — Attainment of Majority —

Lord Halifax and Mrs. C. Barton

The fifth Lord Byron — Burton Fa-
mily— Provost Hodgson's Transla-
tion of the Atys of Catullus, &c. - 17

Miscellaneous :

Notes on Books, &c. - . - 21

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 21

In otices to Correspondents - - S3

Vol. IX No. 219.

THE SACRED GARLAND, or
THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DE-
LIGHT.

" Pluck a Flower."

A New Edition of the above excellent and

popular work will shortly lc published in large

type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any

respectable bookseller in town or country.

MILNER & SOWERBY, Halifax.

Q

UEENWOOD COLLEGE,

NEAR 8T0CKBRIDGE, HANTS.
PriacipaZ-GEORGE EDMONDSON.

Mathematics and Natural Philosophy Dr.

Thos. A. Hirst, of the Universities of Marburg
and Berlin.

Chemistry. —Dr. H. Debus, late Ass;stant in
the Laboratory of Professor Bunsen, and Che-
mical Lecturer in the University of Marburg.

Classics and History. — Mr. John S. Mum-
mery, L. C. P.

Modern Language* and Fore.if/n Literature

Mr. John Haas, from M. de Fellenberg's In-
stitution, llofwyl, Switzerland.

Geodesy. — Mr. Richard P. Wright.

Enahsh. and Junior Mathematics Fre-
derick Iliff, M.A., law Scholar of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and M.C.P.
Ditto. — Mr. William Singleton.
Music. — Mr. William Cornwall.
TERMS.
For Boys under 12 years of age 40?. per aim.
„ from 12 to 16 - - 59 „
„ above 16 - - - GO „

For further information see Prospectus, to
be had of the Principal.

The First Session of 1854 commences on the
2Gth of January.

PRINCE OF WALES'S
SKETCH-BOX. — Containing Colours,
Pencils, &c, with printed directions, as now
used by the Royal Family. Price 5s.
MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer,
56. Long Acre, London ; and at her Majesty's
Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.

CHRISTMAS PRESENTS. _ EXPERI-
MENTAL CHEMISTRY.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG

XX EVENINGS, by means of ST ATHAM'S
Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories,
bs.6d„ 7s. 6n\, \0s.dd.. 21s., 31*. 6('., tit., 63s.,
and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6rf. "Il-
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded
Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. FTATTTAM, Operative Che-
mist, 29 c. Rotherfield Street, Islington,
London, and of Chemists and Opticians
everywhere.

DO YOU BRUISE YOUR
OATS YET ? New Oat Crushers,
2?. 15... 6d., ditto 4?. 5s. 6d. ; Chaff Cutters,
M.Ts.feL.. ditto '11. 19s. M. ; Mangles, 2?. 10*. Gd. j
Flour Mills, 4/. 10s. Gd.

MARY WEDLAKE & CO., 118. Fenchurch
Street.

SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.

President His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.

Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are
informed that Copies of the Rule3, List of
Members (upwards of 250), ami Forms of Appli-
cation for Admission, may be obtained from,
the Honorary Secretary.

£ $.
Annual Subscription - - - 0 10
Composition for Life - - - 5 0
On and after January 1, 18.M, an entrance fee
of 10*. will be required, from which those Mem-
bers who join the Society during the present
inoLth will be exempt.

GEORGE BISH WEBB,

Honorary Secretary.
46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION. — An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebrated French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of FuroD?, is now OPEN. Admission Gd. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent
Process, One Guinea j Three extra Copies foe
10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BOND STREET.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
— The Exhibition of Photographs, Da-
guerreotypes, &c, by the best British and Fo-
reign Photographers, is now open daily at the
Rooms of the Society of British Artists, Suffolk
Street, Pull Mall. Members are admitted with-
out payment. Admission, One Shilling. Ca-
talogues Sixpence.

ROGER FENTON, H„,i. Sec.
4th Jan. 1851.

PHYSIOGNOMY OF IN-
SANITY— A Series of Photographic
Portraits from the Life,

By DR. HUGH W. DIAMOND, F.S.A.,
with brief Medical Notes. To be published in
occasional Parts, small quarto.

S. HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet Street.

Will be published on the loth instant, prica id.
No. I. of the

T IVERPOOL PHOTOGRA-

JU PHIC JOURNAL. Conducted by the
Members of the Liverpool Photographic So-
ciety.

Published by HENRY GREENWOOD, 16.
Canning Place, Liverpool (by whom Adver-
tisements will be received) ; and may be had
through all Booksellers.

HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN
QUILT is the warmest, the lightest,
and the most elegant Covering for the Bed,
the Couch, or the Carriage ; and for Invalids,
its comfort cannot be too highly appreciated.
It is made in Three Varieties, of which a large
Assortment can be seen at their Establish-
ment. List of Prices of the above, together
with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by
Post.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 19G. Tottenham Court Road.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

NEW WORKS.

THE FDINBURGH REVIEW,

No. CCL, JANUARY, 1854. 8vo., price 6s.
Contents :

1. Lord John Russell's Memorials of Mr.

Fox. and the Rockingham Pacers.

2. The B ind : their Works and Ways-

3. Public Works in the Presidency of Madras.

4. Ecclesiastical Economy.

5. Education f r the Rich and Poor,
fi. Thackeray's Works.

7. The Machinery of Parliamentary Legis-

lation.

8. The Ottoman Empire.

LORD HOLLAND'S ME-
MOIRS OF THE WHIG PARTY. Edited
by his Son. HENRY EDWARD LORD HOL-
LAND. Vol.11. Post8vo. Price 9s. 6d.

MEMOIRS, JOURNAL, and

CORRESPONDENCE of THOMAS MOORE.
Edited by the RIGHT HON. LORD JOHN
RUSSELL, M.P. With Portraits and Vig-
nettes. Vols. V. and VI., post 8vo., price 21s.

LETTERS OF RACHEL

LADY RUSSELL. A New Edition, includ-
ing several unpublished Letters ; together wi'h
those edited by Miss Berry. With Portraits,
Vignettes, and Fac-simile. 2 vols, post 8vo.,
price 15s.

A DEFENCE of the " Eclipse

of Faith," by its Author : being a Rejoinder to
Professor Newman's "Reply." Post 8vo.,
price 5s. 6rf.

ZOHRAB i or, a Midsummer

Day's Dream : and other Poems. By WIL-
LIAM THOMAS THORNTON. Author of
*' An Essay on Over-Population," " A Plea
for Peasant Proprietors," &c. Fcp. 8vo., price
is. (id.

REMAINS, LEGENDARY

and POETICAL, of JOHN ROBY, Author of
"Traditions of Lancashire." With a Sketch
of his Literary Life and Character, by his
Widow. Post 8vo. (Injanuary.)

BOWDLER'S FAMILY

SHAKSPEARE. A New Edition, in Volumes
for the Pocket. 6 vols. fcap. 8vo., price 5s. each.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY of B. R.

HAYDON, Historic* 1 Painter. Edited, and
continued to his Death, from his own Journals,
by TOM TAYLOR, M.A., of the Inner Tem-
ple, Esq. Second Edition, with Additions.
3 vols, post 8vo. , price 31s. 6rf.

MAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHI-
CAL TRFASURY. A New Edition, tho-
roughly revised, and brought down to the year
1854, by the insertion of numerous additional
Memoirs. Fcap. 8vo. (In January.)

Sir JAMES MACKINTOSH'S

HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Earliest
Times to the final Establishment of the Re-
formation. A New Library Edition, revised
by the Author's Son. 2 vols. 8vo., price 21s.

MR. MACAULAY'S CRITI-
CAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS, con-
tributed to the "Edinburgh Review." New
Editions, as follows :

1. Library Edition, 3 vols 8vo., price 3's.

2. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait

and Visnette, square crown 8vo., price
21s. ; calf. 30s.

3. Another Edition, in 3 vols., fcap. 8vo.,

price 21s.

A GUIDE TO GEOLOGY.

By JOHN PHILLIPS, F.R.S., F.G.S, Deputy
Reader in Geology in the University of Oxford,
&c. New Edition 0851), corrected to the Pre-
sent Time ; with 4 Plates. Fcp. 8vo., price 5s.

PROFESSOR BRANDE'S

DICTIONARY of SCIENCE, LITERA-
TURE,and ART. A New Edition, corrected ;
with a Supplement and Woodcuts. 8vo.
price 31.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

ABCHSOIOCICAI WORKS

JOHN YOXGE AKERMAK,

FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LON-
DON.

AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL

INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
! Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods.

1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth, illustrated by mi-
I merous Engravings, comprising upwards of

five hundred objects.

A NUMISMATIC MANUAL.

I 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.

*** The Plates which illustrate this Vo-
! lume are upon a novel plan, and will, at a
i glanc?, convey more information regarding
the types of Greek, Roman, and English Coins,
than can be obtained by many hours' careful
reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving
being given of that which is already an enigma
to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic
features of the Coin are dissected and placed by
themselves, so that the eye soon becomes fa-
miliar with them.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATA-

LOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins,
from the Earliest Period to the takingof Rome
under Constsntine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo.,
numerous Plates, 30s.

COINS OF THE ROMANS

relating to Britain. Ivol.Svo. Second Edition,
with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d.

ANCIENT COINS of CITIES

and Princes, Geographically arranged and de-
scribed, containing the Coins of Hispania,
Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of several
hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s.

NEW TESTAMENT, Numis-
matic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions
of the.— Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from
the original Coins in various Public and Pri-
vate Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. <k>.

AN INTRODUCTION TO

THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN
COINS. In 1 vol. fcp. 8vo., with numerous
Wood Engravings from the original Coins,
price 6s. 6d. cloth.

Contents : — Section 1. Origin of Coinage-
Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3.
Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman
Coinage— ConsularCoins. 5. Koman Imperial
Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient
British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage.
9. Fnglish Coinage from the Conquest. 10.
Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12.
Anglo-Gall'c Coins. 13. Continental Money
in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representa-
tives of Coit.age. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and
Modern. Times. 16. Table of Prices of English
Coins realised at Public Sales.

TRADESMEN'S TOKENS,

struck in London and its Vicinity, from the
year 1618 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the
Originals in the Collection of the British Mu-
seum, &c. 15s.

REMAINS OF PAGAN

SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in
England. Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at
2s. 6d. With coloured Plates.

A GLOSSARY OF PROVIN-
CIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in
Wiltshire. 12mj., 3s.

THE NUMISMATIC CHRO-

NICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d.
each Number.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

Albemarle Street,
January, 1854.

XtXR. lyiTJRRAY S

FORTHCOMING WORKS.

MURRAY'S BRITISH CLAS-

SICS. Being a Series of newly edited and
beautifully printed Demy Octavo Library
Editions of Standard English Authors, from
the most correct Text. Vol. I. 8vo. 7s. 6rf.
( To be continued in Montlily Volumes.) (This
Day.)

WORKS OF GOLDSMITH,

printed from the last Editions revised by the
Author. New Edition. Edited by PETER
CUNNINGHAM. F.S.A. Vignettes. (To be
completed in 4 vols.) Vol. I. 8vo. 7s. 6tf.
(Forming the 1st Volume of MURRAY'S
BRITISH CLASSICS.) (Ready.)

GIBBONS ROMAN EMPIRE :

With Notes by DEAN MILMAN and M.
GUIZOT. New Edition. Most cartfully com-
pared, verified, and Edited. By DR. WIL-
LIAM SMITH. Maps. (To be completed in
8 vols.) Vol. I. Bvo. 7s. 6rf. (Forming the
2ml Volume of MURRAY'S BRITISH CLAS-
SICS.) (On Feb. 2nd.)

THE TREASURES OF ART

IN GREAT BRITAIN. Being an Account
of the chief Collections of Paintings, Sculptures,
Miniatures, &c, in England. By DR. WAA-
Gl' N, Director of the Royal Gallery of Pictures
at Berlin. 3 vols. 8vo.

HIMALAYAN JOURNALS;

or, THE: NOTES OF AN ORIENTAL NA-
TURALIST IN BENGAL, THE SIKIIIM
AND NEPAL HIMALAYAS, THE K1IA-
SIA MOUNTAINS, ETC. By DR. JOSEPH
DALTON HOOKER. With Map, Coloured
Plates, and Woodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo.

SILURIA ; or, a VIEW of the

SILURIAN and other PRIMEVAL ROCKS,
anri their IMBEDDED REMAINS. By SIR
RODERICK MUKCHISON. With Coloured
Map, numerous Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo.

VII.

HISTORY OF LATIN

CHRISTIANITY, and that of the POPES.
By REV. II. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of
St. Paul's. 3 vols. 8vo.

VIII.

SUNLIGHT THROUGH THE

MIST : or. PRACTICAL LESSONS drawn
from the LIVf S of GOOD MEN. A Sunday
Book for Children. Woodcuts, 16mo. 3s. 6rf.
(Ready.)

KUGLER'S HANDBOOK OF

PAINTING. (The GERMAN, DUTCH,

FRENCH. and SPANISH SCHOOLS.) Edited
by SIR EDMUND HEAD. With Illustra-
tions. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 24s.

FARINI'S HISTORY OF THE

ROMAN STATE. Translated from the
Italian, hv a LADY, under the Direction of
the RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE,
M.P. Vol. IV. (completing the Work). 8vo.

HISTORY OF YUCATAN,

from its Discovery to the Close of the 17th
Century. By C. ST. JOHN FANCOURT,
recently II. M. Superintendent of the British
Settlements in 'lie Bay of Honduras. With
Map. 8vo. (Uniform with PrescoW 's Mexico. .)

XII.

THE CONSTITUTION OF

THE UNITED STATES COMPARED
WITH OUR OWN. By H. S. TREMEN-
IIEERE. Post8vo.

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY!, 1854.

OUR NINTH VOLUME.

The commencement of a New Year, and of our Ninth
Volume, imposes upon Us the pleasant duty of wishing
many happy returns of the season to all our Friends,
Correspondents, and Readers.

Those of the latter class, who have so earnestly im-
pressed upon Us the propriety and advisableness of
placing our Advertisements on the outside leaves of
each Number, will see that their wishes have at length
been complied with. We trust they will be pleased
with this change, and receive it as a proof of our readi-
ness to attend to every reasonable suggestion for the
improvement of " Notes and Queries." We can
assure them that it is no less our desire to do so than
our interest.

fLOtt$.

A STRAWBERRY-HILL GEM.

" Pour qui se donne la peine de chercher, il y a tou-
jours quelque trouvaille a faire, meme dans ce qui a ete le
plus visile." — Henry Patin.

I take up a work of European celebrity, and
reflect awhile on its bibliographic peculiarities —
which may almost pass for romance.

It is a Scoltish work with regard to the family
connexion of its author : it is an Irish work
with regard to the place of his nativity. It is an
English work as to the scenes which it represents ;
a French work as to the language in which it was
written ; a Dutch work as to the country in
which it came to light. It was formerly printed
anonymously : it has since borne the name of its
author. It was formerly printed for public sale :
it has been twice printed for private circulation.
It was formerly classed as fiction : it is now be-
lieved to be history.

But we have too many enigmas in the annals
of literature, and I must not add to the number.
The work to which I allude is the Memoires du
comte de Grammont par le comte Antoine Hamilton.

The various indications of a projected re-im-
pression of the work remind me of my portefeuille
Hamiltonien, and impose on me the task of a
partial transcription of its contents.

Of the numerous editions of the Memoires de
Grammont as recorded by Brunei, Renouard, or
Querard, or left unrecorded by those celebrated
bibliographers, I shall describe only four ; which
I commend to the critical examination of future
editors :

1. " Memoires de la vie du comte de Grammont ; con-
tenant particulierement Vhistoire amoureuse de la cour
d'Angleterre, sous le regne de Charles IT. A Cologne,
chez Pierre Marteau, 1713. 12°, pp. 4 + 428.

" Avis du ubraire. II seroit inutile de recom-
mander ici la lecture des memoires qui composent ce
volume : le titre seul de Memoires du comte de Gram-
mont reveillera sans doute la cutiosite du public pour
un homme qui lui est deja si connu d'ailleurs, tant par
la reputation qu'il a scu se faire, que par les different
portraits qu'en ont donnez Mrs. de Bussi et de St
Evremont, dans leurs ouvrages ; et l'on ne doute nul-
lement qu'il ne recoive, avec beaucoup de plaisir, un
livre, dans lequel on lui raconte ses avantures, sur ce
qu'il en a bien voulu raconter lui-meme a celui qui a
pris la peine de dresser ces memoires.

" Outre les avantures du comte de Grammont, ils con-
tiennent particulie[re]ment l'histoire amoureuse de la
cour d'Angleterre, sous le regne de Charles II; et,
comme on y decouvre quantite de choses, qui ont ete
tenues cachees jusqu'a present, et qui font voir jusqu'a
quel exces on a porte le dereglement dans cette cour,
ce n'est pas le morceau le moins interessant de ces-
memoires.

" On les donne ici sur une copie manuscrite, qu'on eft
a recue de Paris : et on les a fait imprimer avec le plus
d'exactitude qu'il a ete possible."

The above is the first edition. The imprint is
fictitious. It was much used by the Elzevirs, and
by other Dutch printers. The second edition,
with the same imprint, is dated in 1714 (Cat. de
Guyon de Sardiere, No. 939.). The third edition
was printed at Rotterdam in 1716. The avis is
omitted in that edition, and in all the later im-
pressions which I have seen. Its importance as a
history of the publication induces me to revive it.
There is also an edition printed at Amsterdam in
1717 (Cat. de Lamy, No. 3918.); and another at
La Haye in 1731 (Cat. de Rothelin, No. 2534*).
Brunet omits the edition of 1713. Renouard and
Querard notice it too briefly.

2. " Memoires du comte de Grammont, par monsieur le
comte Antoine Hamilton. Nouvelle edition, augmentee d'un
discours preliminaire melt de prose et de vers, par le meme
auteur, et dun aver/issement contenant quelques anecdotes
de la vie du comte Hamilton. A Paris, chez la veuve
Pissot, Quay de Conti, a la croix d'or. 1746." 12°. pp.
24 + 408.

" Avertissement. Le public a fait un accueil si
favorable a ces Memoires, que nous avons cru devoir en
procurer une nouvelle edition. Outre les avantures du-
comte de Grammont, tres-piquantes par elles-memes,.
ils contiennent l'histoire amoureuse d'Angleterre sous
le regne de Charles II. Ils sont d'ailleurs ecrits d'une
maniere si vive et si ingenieuse, qu'ils ne laisseroient
pas de plaire infiniment, quand la matiere en seroit
moins interessante.

" Le heros de ces Memoires a trouve' dans le comte
Hamilton un historien digne de lui. Car on n'ignore
plus qu'ils sont partis de la meme main a qui l'on doit
encore d'autres ouvrages frappes au meme coin.

" Nous avons enrichi cette edition d'un discours mele
de prose et de vers, ou Ton exagere la difficulte qu'il y
a de bien representer le comte de Grammont. On re-
connoitra facilement que ce discours est du meme au-
teur que les 3Iemoires, et qu'il devoit naturellement en

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

orner le frontispice. Au reste il ne nous apparticnt
point (Ten apprecier le merite. Nous dirons seulement
que des personnes d'ungout suretdjlicat lecomparent
au Voyage de Chapelle, et qu'ils y trouvent les memes
graces, le meme naturel et la meine legerete.

■ II ne nous reste plus qu'a dire un mot de M. Hamil-
ton lui-meme, auteur de ces memoires, et du discours
qui Ics precede.

" Antoine Hamilton dont nous parlons, £toit de l'an-
cienne et illustre maison de ce nom en Ecosse. II
naquit en Irlande. II eut pour pere le chevalier
Georges Hamilton, petit-fils du due d'Hamilton, qui
fut aussi due de Chatelleraud en France.

" Sa mere etoit madame Marie Butler, sceur du due
d'Ormond, viceroi d'Irlande, et grand maitre de la
maison du roi Charles.

" Dans les revolutions qui arriverent du terns de
Cromwel, ils suivirent le roi et le due d'Yorck son
frere qui passerent en France. Ils y amenerent leur
famille. Antoine ne faisoit a peine que de naitre.

" Lorsque le roi fut retabli sur son trone, il ramena
en Angleterre les jeux et la magnificence. On voit
dans les memoires de Grammont combien cette cour
etoit brillante ; la curiosity y attira le comte de Gram-
mont. II y vit mademoiselle d'Hamilton, il ne tarda
pas a sentir le pouvoir de ses charmes, il l'epousa
enfin ; et e'est la tendresse qu' Antoine avoit pour sa
sceur, qui l'cngngea a faire plusieurs voyages en France,
ou il etoit eleve, et oil il a passe une partie de sa vie.

" M. Antoine Hamilton etant caibolique, il ne put
obtenir d'emploi en Angleterre; et rien ne fut capable
d'ebranler ni sa religion, ni la fidelite qu'il devoit a
son roi.

" Le roi Jaques etant monte sur le trone, il lui donna
un regiment d'infanterie en Irlande et le gouvernement
de Limeric. Mais ce prince, ayant etc oblige de quit-
ter ses etats le comte Hamilton repassa avee la famille
royale en France. C'est-la et pendant le long sejour
qu'il y a fait, qu'il a compose les divers ouvrages qui
lui ont acquis tant de reputation. II mourut a S.
Germain le 21 Avril 1720. dans de grands sentimens
de piete, et apres avoir recu les derniers sacremens.
II etoit age alors d'environ 74 ans. II a merite les
regrets de tous ceux qui avoient le bonbeur de le con-
noitre. Ne serieux, il avoit dans l'esprit tous les j
agremens imaginables ; mais ce qui est plus digne de I
louanges, a ces agremens, qui sont fiivoles sans la
vertu, il joignoit toutes les qualitez du cceur."

If the above avertissement first appeared in 1746,
which I have much reason to conclude, this is
certainly a very important edition. The biogra-
phical portion of the advertisement is the found-
ation of the later memoirs of Hamilton. In the
Moreri of 1759, we have it almost verbatim, but
taken from the (Euvres du comte Antoine Hamilton,
1749. Neither Brunet, nor Renouard, nor Que-
rard notice the edition of 1746. The copy which
I have examined has the book-plate G. III. R.

3. " Memoires du comte de Grammont, par le C. An-
toine Hamilton. 1760." [De l'imprimerie de Didot,
rue Favee, 1760.] 12°. I. partie, pp. 36 + 316. II.
partie, pp. 4 + 340.

This edition has the same avertissement as that
of 1746. The imprint is m.dcc.lx. The type re-
sembles our small pica, and the paper lias the
water-mark Auvergne 1749. At the end of the
second part appears, De Vimprimerie de Didot,
rue Pavee, 1760. This must be M. Francois
Didot of Paris. I find the same colophon in the
Bibliograpliie instructive, 1763-8. v. 631. This
very neat edition has also escaped the aforesaid
bibliographic trio !

4. " Memoires du comte de Grammont, par monsieur
le comte Antoine Hamilton. Nouvelle edition, augmentee
de notes el oTeclaircissemens necessuires, par M. Horace
Walpote. Imprimee a Strawberry-Hill. 1772." 4°.
pp. 24 + 294. 3 portraits.

[Dedication.] " A madame

" L'editeur vous consaere cette edition, comme un
monument de son amitie, de son admiration, et de son
respect; a. vous, dont les graces, l'esprit, et le gout re-
tracent au siecle present le siecle de Louis quatorze et
les agremens de l'auteur de ces memoires."

Such are the inscriptions on the Strawbe?-rij-
Hill gem. Much has been said of its brilliancy —
and so, for the sake of novelty, I shall rather dwell
on its flaws.

The volume was printed at the private press of
M. Horace YValpole at Strawberry- Hill, and the
impression was limited to one hundred copies, of
which thirty were sent to Paris. So much for its
attractions — now for its flaws. In reprinting the
dedication to madame du DefFand, I had to insert
eight accents to make decent French of it! The
avis is a mere medley of fragments : I could not
ask a compositor to set it up! The avertissement
is copied, without a word of intimation to that
effect, from the edition of 1746. The notes to
the epitre are also copied from that edition, except
L'abbe de Chaulieu ; and two of the notes to the
memoirs are from the same source. The other
notes, in the opinion of sir William Musgrave,
.are in part taken from an erroneous printed Key.
Where are the eclaircissements f I find none ex-
cept a list of proper names — of which about one-
third part is omitted !

In quoting Brunet, I have used the fourth edi-
tion of the Manuel du libraire, 1842-4; in quoting
Renouard, I refer to the avis prefixed to the
(JEuvres du comte Antoine Hamilton, 1812 ; in
quoting Querard, to La France litteraire, 1827—39.
The other references are to sale catalogues. The
titles of the books described, and the extracts, are
given literatim, and, except as above noted, with
the same accentuation and punctuation.

To revert to the question of a new edition : I
should prefer the French text, for various reasons,
to any English translation that could be made.
That of Abel Boyer is wretched burlesque!

The chief requirements of a French edition
would be, a collation of the editions of 1713 and
1746— the rectification of the names of persons

Jax. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

and places — a revision of the punctuation — and
a strict conformity, as to general orthography and
accentuation, with the Dictionnaire de V Academie
francaise, as edited in 1835. The substance of
the avis of 1713 might be stated in a preface; and
the avertissement of 1746, a clever composition,
would serve as an introduction and memoir of the
author. Those who doubt its value may consult,
the Grand dictionnaire historique, and the Bio-
graphic universelle. As one hundred and sixty
persons are noticed in the work, brevity of anno-
tation is very desirable. It would require much
research. The manuscript notes of sir William
Musgrave would, however, be very serviceable —
more so, I conceive, than the printed notes of M.
Horace Walpole.

As the indications of a projected re-impression
may be fallacious, I shall conclude with a word of
advice to inexperienced collectors. Avoid the jolie
edition printed at Paris by P. A. Didot, par ordre
de monseigneur le comte d'Artois, in 1781. It is
the very worst specimen of editorship. Avoid also
the London edition of 1792. The preface is a
piratical pasticcio ; the verbose notes are from
the most accessible books ; the portraits, very un-
equal in point of execution, I believe to be chiefly
copies of prints — not d'apres des tableaux origi-
naux. The most desirable editions are, 1. The
edition of 1760; 2. That of 1772, as a curiosity;
3. That edited by M. Renouard, Paris, 1812, 18°.
2 yols.j 4. That edited by M. Renouard in 1812, 8°.
with eight portraits. The latter edition forms part
of the CEuvres du comte Antoine Hamilton in 3 vols.
It seldom occurs for sale. Bolton Cokney.

THE "ANCREN RIWLE."

The publication of this valuable semi-Saxon or
Early English treatise on the duties of monastic
life, recently put forth by the Camden Society,
under the editorship of the Rev. James Morton,
is extremely acceptable, and both the Society and
the editor deserve the cordial thanks of all who
are interested in the history of our language. As
one much interested in the subject, and who many
years since entertained the design now so ably
executed by Mr. Morton, I may perhaps be al-
lowed to offer a few remarks on the work itself,
and on the manuscripts which contain it. Mr.
Morton is unquestionably right in his statement
that the Latin MS. in Magdalen College, Oxford,
No. 67., is only an abridged translation of the
original vernacular text. Twenty-three years ago
I had access to the same MS. by permission of the
Rev. Dr. Routh, the President of Magdalen Col-
lege, and after reading and making extracts from
it*, I came to the same conclusion as Mr. Morton.

* At p. viii. of Mr. Morton's preface, for "yerze"
(eye), my extracts read " yze."

It hardly admits, I think, of a doubt ; for even
without the internal evidence furnished by the
Latin copy, the age of the manuscripts containing
the Early English text at once set aside the sup-
position that Simon of Ghent (Bishop of Salisbury
from 1297 to 1315) was the original author of the
work. The copy in Corpus Christi College, Cam-
bridge, I have not seen, but of the three copies in
the British Museum I feel confident that the one
marked Cleopatra C. vi. was actually written be-
fore Bishop Simon of Ghent had emerged from the
nursery. This copy is not only the oldest, but
the most curious, from the corrections and alter-
ations made in it by a somewhat later hand, the
chief of which are noticed in the printed edition.
The collation, however, of this MS. might have
been, with advantage, made more minutely, for at
present many readings are passed over. Thus, at
p. 8., for uraceote the second hand has congoun ;
at p. 62., for herigen it has preiscn ; at p. 90., for
on cheajle, it reads o mu[>e, &c. The original hand
has also some remarkable variations, which would
cause a suspicion that this was the first draft of
the author's work. Thus, at p. 12., for scandle,
the first hand has schonde ; at p. 62., for haldeliche
it reads bradliche; at p. 88., for nout for, it has
anonden, and the second hand aneust ; at p. 90., for
sundei-liche it reads sunderlepcs, &c. All these,
and many other curious variations, are not noticed
in the printed edition. On the fly-leaf of this
MS. is written, in a hand of the time of Edward I.,
as follows : " Datum abbatie et conventui de Leghc
per Dame M. de Clare." The lady here referred
to was doubtless Maud de Clare, second wife of
Richard de Clare, Earl of Hereford and Glou-
cester, who, at the beginning of the reign of Ed-
ward I., is known to have changed the Augus-
tinian Canons of Leghe, in Devonshire, into an
abbess and nuns of the same order ; and it was
probably at the same period she bestowed this
volume on them. The conjecture of Mr. Morton,
that Bishop Poore, who died in 1237, might have
been the original author of the Ancren lliwle, is
by no means improbable, and deserves farther
inquiry. The error as to Simon of Ghent is due,
in the first place, not to Dr. Smith, but to Richard
James (Sir Robert Cotton's librarian), who wrote
on the fly-leaves of all the MSS. in the Cottonian
Library a note of their respective contents, and
who is implicitly followed by Smith. Wanley is
more blamable, and does not here evince his usual
critical accuracy, but (as remarked by Mr.
Morton) he could only have looked at a few
pages of the work. The real fact seems to be
that Simon of Ghent made the abridged Latin
version of the seven books of the Riivle now pre-
served in Magdalen College, and this supposition
may well enough be reconciled with the words of
Leland, who says of him, —

" Edidit inter eastern, libros septem de Vita Solitaria,

G

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

ad Virgines Tarentinas, Darin cultrices." — Comment.,
p. 316.

A second copy of the Latin version was formerly
in the Cottonian collection (Vitellius E. vii.), but
no fragment of it has hitherto been recovered from
the mass of burnt crusts and leaves left after the fire
•of 1731. I am happy, however, to add, that within
the last few months, the manuscript marked Vitel-
lius F. vii., containing a French translation of the
Iliwle, made in the fourteenth century (very
■closely agreeing with the vernacular text), has
been entirely restored, except that the top margins
of the leaves have been burnt at each end of the
volume. This damage has, unfortunately, carried
away the original heading of the treatise, and the
title given us by Smith is copied partly from
■James's note. This copy of the French version
appears to be unique, and is the more interesting
from its having a note at the end (now half ob-
literated by the fire), stating that it belonged to
Eleanor de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, whose
motto is also added, " Plesance. M [mil'], en v?i."
The personage in question was Eleanor, daughter
of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and
wife of Thomas of Woodstock, who ended her
-days as a nun in the convent at Barking in 1399.
Is any other instance known of the use of this
motto ? Before I conclude these brief remarks, I
may mention a fifth copy of the Ancren Riwle,
which has escaped the notice of Mr. Morton. It
is buried in the enormous folio manuscript of old
English poetry and prose called the Vernon MS.,
in the Bodleian Library, written in the reign of
Richard IL, and occurs at pp. 371b" — 392. In the
table of contents prefixed to this volume it is
entitled "The Roule of Reclous;" and although
the phraseology is somewhat modernised, it agrees
better with the MS. Cleopatra C. vi. than with
Nero A. xiv., from which Mr. Morton's edition is
printed. This copy is not complete, some leaves
having been cut out in the sixth book, and the
scribe leaves off at p. 420. of the printed edition.

It is very much to be wished that Mr. Morton
would undertake the task of editing another vo-
lume of legends, homilies, and poems, of the same
age as the Ancren Riwle, still existing in various
manuscripts. One of the homilies, entitled " Sawles
Warde," in the Bodley MS. 34., Cott. MS. Titus
D. xviii., and Old Royal MS. 17a. xxvii., is very
curious, and well deserves to be printed.

F. Madden

British Museum.

OEDEE FOE THE SUPPRESSION OF VAGEANCT,
A. D. 1650-51.

At a time when the question of " What is to be
■done with our vagrant children?" is occupying
the attention of all men of philanthropic minds, it
may be worth while to give place in your pages to

the following order addressed by the Lord Mayor
of London to his aldermen in 1650-51, which ap-
plies, amongst other things, to that very subject.
It will be seen that some of the artifices of beg-
gary in that day were very similar to those with
which we are now but too familiar. The difference
of treatment between vagrant children over and
under nine years of age, is worthy of observation.

" By the Mayor.

" Forasmuch as of late the constables of this city-
have neglected to put in execution the severall whol-
some laws for punishing of vagrants, and passing them
to the places of their last abode, whereby great scandall
and dishonour is brought upon the government of this
city; These are therefore to will and require you, or
your deputy, forthwith to call before you the several
constables within your ward, and strictly to charge
them to put in execution the said laws, or to expect
the penalty of forty shillings to be levyed upon their
estates, for every vagrant that shal be found begging
in their several precincts. And to the end the said
constables may not pretend ignorance, what to do with
the several persons which they shal find offending the
said laws, these are further to require them, that al
aged or impotent persons who are not fit to work, be
passed from constable to constable to the parish where
they dwel ; and that the constable in whose ward they
are found begging, shal give a passe under his hand,
expressing the place where he or she were taken, and
the place whither they are to be passed. And for
children under five years of age, who have no dwelling, or
cannot give an account of their parents, the parish where
they are found are to provide for them ; and for those
which shall bee found lying under stalls, having no habit-
ation or parents (from five to nine years old), are to be
sent to the Wardrobe House*, to be provided for by the
corporation for the poore ; and all above nine years of age
are to be sent to Bridewel. And for men or women who
are able to work and goe begging with young children,
such persons for the first time to be passed to the
place of their abode as aforesaid ; and being taken
againe, they are to be carryed to Bridewel, to be cor-
rected according to the discretion of the governours.
And for those persons that shal be found to hire children,
or go begging with children not sucking, those children are
to be sent to the several parishes wher they dwel, and the
persons so hiring them to Bridewel, to be corrected and
passed away, or kept at work there, according to the go-
vernor's discretion. And for al other vagrants and
beggars under any pretence whatsoever, to be forthwith
sent down to Bridewel to be imployed and corrected,
according to the statute laws of this commonwealth,
except before excepted ; and the president and go-
vernours of Bridewel are hereby desired to meet twice
every week to see to the execution of this Precept.
And the steward of the workehouse called the Wardrobe, is

* I suppose this to have been the ancient building
known by the name of The Royal, or The Tower
Royal, used for a time as the Queen's Wardrobe. It
will be seen that it was occupied in 1650 as a work-
house.

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

authorised to receive into that house such children as are
of the age between five and nine, as is before specified and
limited ; and the said steward is from time to time to
acquaint the corporation for the poor, what persons are
brought in, to the end they may bee provided for.
Dated this four and twentieth day of January, 1650.

Saulkr."

John Bruce.

LETTERS OF EMINENT LITERARY. MEN.

Sir,
I send you, as a New Year's Gift for your " N. & Q.,"
transcripts of half-a-dozen Letters of Eminent Literary
Men, specimens of whose correspondence it will do
your work no discredit to preserve,

Yours faithfully,

Henry Ellis.
British Museum, Dec. 26, 1 853.

Dean Swift to * * • • * '
[MS. Addit., Brit. Mus., 12,113.

Orig.]

Sir,

Belcamp, Mar. 14th.

Riding out this morning to dine here with
Mr. Grattan, I saw at his house the poor lame boy
that gives you this : he was a servant to a plow-
man near Lusk, and while he was following the
plow, a dog bit him in the leg, about eleven weeks
ago. One Mrs. Price endeavored six weeks to
cure him, but could not, and his Master would
maintain him no longer. Mr. Grattan and I are
of opinion that he may be a proper object to be
received into Dr. Stephen's Hospital. The boy
tells liis story naturally, .and Mr. Grattan and I
took pity of him. If you find him curable, and it
be not against, the rules of the Hospitall, I hope
you will receive him.

I am, Sir,

Your most humble Servt.

Jonath. Swift.
II.
The Rev. Thomas Baker to Mr. Humphry Wanley.
[Harl. MS. 3778, Art. 43. Orig.']

Cambridge, Oct. 16th [1718],
Worthy Sir,

I am glad to hear Mrs. Elstob is in a condition
to pay her debts, for me she may be very easy :
tho' I could wish for the sake of the University
(tho' I am no way engaged, having taken up my
obligation) that you could recover the Book, or at
least could find where it is lodged, that Mr. Brook
may know where to demand it. This, I presume,
may be done.

If you have met with Books printed by Gutten-
berg, you have made a great discovery. I thought
there had been none such in the world, and began
to look upon Fust as the first Printer. I have I

seen the Bishop of Ely's Catholicon (now with us),
which, for aught I know, may have been printed
by Guttenberg; for tho' it be printed at Ments,
yet there is no name of the Printer, and the cha-
racter is more rude than Fust's Tullie's Offices,
whereof there are two Copies in 1465 and 1466,
the first on vellum, the other on paper.

May I make a small enquiry, after the mention
of so great a name as Guttenberg ? I remember,
you told me, my Lord Harley had two Copies of
Edw. the Sixth's first Common Prayer Book. Do
you remember whether either of them be printed
by Grafton, the King's Printer ? I have seen four
or five Editions by Whitchurch, but never could
meet with any by Grafton, except one in my cus-
tody, which I shall look upon to be a great Rarity,
if it be likewise wanting to my Lord's Collection.
It varies from all the other Copies, and is printed
in 1548. All the rest, I think, in 1549. One
reason of my enquiry is, because I want the Title,
for the date is at the end of the Book, and indeed
twice ; both on the end of the Communion Office,
and of the Litany. But I beg your pardon for so
small an enquiry, whilst you are in quest of Gut-
tenberg and Nic. Jenson. My business consists
much in trifles. I am,
Sir,
Your most ob. humble
Servant,

Tho. Baker.
To the worthy Mr. Wanley, at
the Hiding Hood Shop, the
corner of Chandois and Bed-
ford Streets,

Covent Garden,

London.

A note in Wanley's hand says, " Mrs. Elstob
has only paid a few small scores."

III.

Extract of a Letter from Wm. Bickford, Esq., to
the Rev. Mr. Amory of Taunton, dated Dunsland,
March 7, 1731.

[MS. Addit, Brit. Mus., 4309, fol. 358.]

I cannot forbear acquainting you of a very
curious passage in relation to Charles the Second's
Restoration. Sir Wm. Morrice, who was one of
the Secretaries of State soon after, was the person
who chiefly transacted that affair with Monk, so
that all the papers in order to it were sent him,
both from King Charles and Lord Clarendon.
Just after the thing was finished, Lord Clarendon
got more than 200 of these Letters and other
papers from Morrice under pretence of finishing
his History, and which were never returned. Lord
Somers, when he was chancellor, told Morrice's
Grandson that if he would file a Bill in Chancery,
he would endeavour to get them ; but young
Morrice having deserted the Whig Interest, was

8

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

prevailed upon to let it drop. This I know to be
fact, for I had it not only from the last-mentioned
Gentleman, but others of that family, especially
a son of the Secretaries. As soon as I knew this,
I took the first opportunity of searching the study,
and found some very curious Letters, which one
time or other I design to publish together with
the account of that affair. My mother being Niece
to the Secretary, hath often heard him say that
Charles the Second was not only very base in not
keeping the least of the many things that he had
promised ; but by debauching the Nation, had
rendered it fitt for that terrible fellow (meaning
the Duke of York) to ruin us all, and then Monk
and him would be remembred to their Infamy.

(To he continued.')

BURIAL-PLACE OF ARCHBISHOP LEIGnTON.

On a visit this autumn with some friends to
the picturesque village and church of Horsted-
Keynes, Sussex, our attention was forcibly ar-
rested by the appearance of two large pavement
slabs, inserted in an erect position on the external
face of the south wall of the chancel. They
proved to be those which once had covered and
protected the grave of the good Archbishop
Leighton, who passed the latter years of his life
in that parish, and that of Sir Ellis Leighton, his
brother. On inquiry, it appeared that their re-
mains had been deposited within a small chapel
on the south side of the chancel, the burial-place
of the Lightmaker family, of Broadhurst, in the
parish of Horsted. The archbishop retired
thither in 1674, and resided with his only sister,
Saphira, widow of Mr. Edward Lightmaker.
Broadhurst, it may be observed, is sometimes in-
correctly mentioned by the biographers of Arch-
bishop Leighton as a parish; it is an ancient
mansion, the residence formerly of the Light-
makers, and situated about a mile north of the
village of Horsted. There it was that Leighton
made his will, in February, 1683; but his death
occurred, it will be remembered, in singular ac-
cordance with his desire often expressed, at an
inn, the Bell, in Warwick Lane, London.

The small chapel adjacent to the chancel, and
opening into it by an arch now walled up, had for
gome time, as I believe, been used as a school-
room ; more recently, however, either through
its becoming out of repair, or from some other
cause, the little structure was demolished. The
large slabs which covered the tombs of the good
prelate and his brother were taken up and fixed
against the adjoining wall. The turf now covers
the space thus thrown into the open churchyard ;
nothing remains to mark the position of the graves,
which in all probability, ere many years elapse,

will be disturbed through ignorance or heedless-
ness, and the ashes of Leighton scattered to the-
winds.

In times when special respect has been shown
to the tombs of worthies of bygone times, with the
recent recollection also of what has been so well
carried out by Mr. Markland in regard to the
grave of Bishop Ken, shall we not make an effort
to preserve from desecration and oblivion the
resting-place of one so eminent as Leighton for
his learning and piety, so worthy to be held in
honoured remembrance for his high principles and
his consistent conduct in an evil age ?

Albert Way.

tfihxav $ate&.

Grammars, fyc. for Public Schools. — Would it
not be desirable for some correspondents of " N.
& Q." to furnish information respecting grammars,
classics, and other works which have been written
for the various public schools ? Such information
might be useful to book collectors; and would
also serve to reflect credit on the schools whose
learned masters have prepared such books. My
contribution to the list is small : but I remember
a valuable Greek grammar prepared by the Rev.
— Hook, formerly head master of the College
School at Gloucester, for the use of that establish-
ment ; as also a peculiar English grammar pre-
pared by the Rev. R. S. Skillern, master of St.
Mary de Crypt School, in the same place, for the
use of that school. I also possess a copy (1640)
of the llomana Histories Anthologia, for the use of
Abingdon School, and Moses and Aaron, or the
Rites and Customs of the Hebrews (1641), both
by Thos. Godwin, though the latter was written
after he ceased to be master of the schools.

P. H. Fisher.

Stroud.

" To captivate." — Moore, in his Journal, speak-
ing of the Americans (January 9th, 1819), says :

" They sometimes, I see, use the word captivate thus r
' Five or six ships captivated,' ' Five or six ships cap-
tivated.'"

Originally, the words to captivate were synony-
mous with to capture, and the expression was used
with reference to warlike operations. To capti-
vate the affections was a secondary use of the
phrase. The word is used in the original sense in
many old English books. It is not used so now
in the United States. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Bohns Edition of Matthew of Westminster. —
Under the year a.d. 782, the translator informs us
that " Hirenes and his son Constantine became
emperors." Such an emperor is not to be found

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

in the annals of Constantinople. If Mr. Yonge,
who shows elsewhere that he has read Gibbon, had
referred to him on this occasion, he would pro-
bably have found that the Empress Irene, a name
dear to the reverencers of images, was the person
meant. The original Latin probably gives no clue
to the sex ; but still this empress, who is considered
as a saint by her church, notwithstanding the
deposition and blinding of her own son, was not a
personage to be so easily forgotten.

J. S. Warden.

French, Season Rhymes and Weather Rhymes. —

" A la Saint- Antoine (17th January)

Les jours croissent le repas d'un moiue."
¥ A la Saint-Barnabe (11th June)

La faux au pre."
- " A la Sainte- Catherine (25th November)

Tout bois prend racine."
" Passe la Saint- Clement (23rd November)

Ne seme plus froment."
■" Si l'hiver va droit son chemin,

Vous l'aurez a la Saint-Martin." (12th Nov.)
*' S'il n'arreste tant ne quant,

Vous l'aurez a la Saint- Clement." (23rd Nov.)
* Et s'il trouve quelqu' encombree,

Vous l'aurez a la Saint-Andre." (30th Nov.)

Ceyrep.

Curious Epitaph in Tillingham Church, Essex. —

"Hie jacet Humfridus Carbo, carbone notandus
Non nigro, Creta sed meliora tua.
Ciaruit in clero, nulli pietate secundus.
Caelum vi rapuit, vi cape si poteris.
Ob'. 27 Mar. 1624. JEt. 77."

Which has been thus ingeniously paraphrased by
a friend of mine :

<( Here lies the body of good Humphry Cole,
Tho' Black his name, yet spotless is his soul ;
But yet not black tho' Carbo is the name,
Thy chalk is scarcely whiter than his fame.
A priest of priests, inferior was to none,
Took Heaven by storm when here his race was run.
Thus ends the record of this pious man ;
Go and do likewise, reader, if you can."

C. K. P.
Newport, Essex.

<RutVitS.

DOMESTIC LETTERS OF EDMUND BURKE.

In the curious and able article entitled " The
Domestic Life of Edmund Burke," which appeared
in the Athenceum of Dec. 10th and Dec. 17th (and
to which I would direct the attention of such
readers of " N. & Q." as have not yet seen it),
the writer observes :

" There is not in existence, as far as we know, or
have a right to infer from the silence of the biographers,

one single letter, paper, or document of any kind —
except a mysterious fragment of one letter — relating
to the domestic life of the Burkes, until long after
Edmund Burke became an illustrious and public man ;
no letters from parents to children, from children to
parents, from brother to brother, or brother to sister."

And as Edmund Burke was the last survivor of
the family, the inference drawn by the writer, that
they were destroyed by hiin, seems, on the grounds
which he advances, a most reasonable one. But
my object in writing is to call attention to a
source from which, if any such letters exist, they
may yet possibly be recovered ; I mean the col-
lections of professed collectors of autographs. On
the one hand, it is scarcely to be conceived that
the destroyer of these materials for the history of
the Burkes, be he who he may, can have got all
the family correspondence into his possession. On
the other, it is far from improbable that in some
of the collections to which I have alluded, some
letters, notes, or documents may exist, treasured
by the possessors as mere autographs ; but which
might, if given to the world, serve to solve many
of those mysteries which envelope the early history
of Edmund Burke. The discovery of documents
of such a character seems to be the special province
of " N. & Q.," and I hope, therefore, although
this letter has extended far beyond the limits I
originally contemplated, you will insert it, and so
permit me to put this Query to autograph col-
lectors, " Have you any documents illustrative of
the Burkes ? " and to add as a Note, " If so, print
them ! " N. O.

Farranfs Anthem. — From what source did
Farrant take the words of his well-known anthem,
" Lord, for thy tender mercies' sake ? " C. P. S.

Ascension Day Custom. — What is the origin of
the custom which still obtains in St. Magnus and
other city churches, of presenting the clergy with
ribbons, cakes, and silk staylaces on Ascension
Day ? C. F. S.

Sawbridge and Knighfs Numismatic Collections.
— In Snelling's tract on Pattern Pieces for English
Gold and Silver Coins (1769), p. 45., it is stated,
in the description of a gold coin of Elizabeth, that
it is " unique, formerly in the collection of Thomas
Sawbridge, Esq., but at present in the collection
of Thomas Knight, Esq., who purchased the whole
cabinet." — Can any of your readers inform me
who this Mr. Knight was, and whether his collec-
tion is still in existence ; or if it was dispersed,
when, and in what manner ? I am not aware of
any sale catalogue under his name. J. B. B.

" The spire whose silent finger points to heaven"
— I have met with, and sometimes quoted, this line.

10

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

Who is its author, and in what poem does it
occur ? J. W. T.

Dewsbury.

Lord Fairfax. — In the Peerage of Scotland I
find this entry :

" Fairfax, Baron, Charles Snowdon Fairfax, 1627,
Baron Fairfax, of Cameron ; sue. his grandfather,
Thomas, ninth baron, 1846. His lordship resides at
Woodburne, in Maryland, United States."

Fairfax is not a Scotch name. And I can find
no trace of any person of that family taking a part
in Scotch affairs. Cameron is, I suppose, the
parish of that name in the east of Fife.

I wish to ask, 1st. For what services, or under
what circumstances, the barony was created ?

2ndly. When did the family cease to possess
land or other property in Scotland, if they ever
held any ?

3rdly. Is the present peer a citizen or subject
of the United States ? if so, is he known and ad-
dressed as Lord Fairfax, or how ?

4thly. Has he, or has any of his ancestors, since
the recognition of the United States as a nation,
ever used or applied for permission to exercise the
functions of a peer of Scotland, e. g. in the elec-
tion of representative peers?

5thly. If he be a subject of the United States,
and have taken, expressly or by implication, the
oath of citizenship (which pointedly renounces
allegiance to our sovereign), how is it that his
name is retained on the roll of a body whose first
duty it is to guard the throne, and whose exist-
ence is a denial of the first proposition in the
constitution of his country 'i

Perhaps Uneda, W. W, or some other of your
Philadelphia correspondents, will be good enough
to notice the third of these Queries. W. H. M.

Tailless Cats. — A writer in the New York
Literary World of Feb. 7, 1852, makes mention
of a breed of cats destitute of tails, which are
found in the Isle of Man. Perhaps some generous
Manx correspondent will say whether this is a
fact or a Jonathan. Shirley Hibberd.

Saltcellar. — Can any of your readers gainsay
that in saltcellar the cellar is a mere corruption
of saliere f A list of compound words of Saxon
and French origin might be curious. H. F. B.

Arms and Motto granted to Col. William Carlos.
— Can any reader of "N. & Q." give the date of
the grant of arms to Col. William Carlos (who
assisted Charles II. to conceal himself in the
" Royal Oak," after the battle of Worcester), and
specify the exact terms of the grant ? p.

Naval Atrocities. — In the article on " Wounds,"
in the Encyc. Brit., 4th edition, published 1810,
*the author, after mentioning the necessity of a

surgeon's being cautious in pronouncing on the
character of any wound, adds that " this is parti-
cularly necessary on board ship, where, as soon as
any man is pronounced by the surgeon to be mor-
tally wounded, he is forthwith, while still living
and conscious, thrown overboard," or words to
this effect, as I quote from memory. That such
horrid barbarity was not practised in 1810, it is
needless to say; and if it had been usual at any
previous period, Smollett and other writers who
have exposed with unsparing hand all the defects
in the naval system of their day, would have
scarcely left this unnoticed when they attack
much slighter abuses. If such a thing ever oc-
curred, even in the worst of times, it must have
been an isolated case. I have not met elsewhere
with any allusion to this passage, or the atrocity
recorded in it, and would be glad of more inform-
ation on the subject. J. S. Warden.

Turlehydes. — During the great famine in Ire-
land in 1331, it is said that —

" The people in their distress met with an unex-
pected and providential relief. For about the 24th
June, a prodigious number of large sea fish, called
turlehydes, were brought into the bay of Dublin, and
cast on shore at the mouth of the river Dodder.
They were from thirty to forty feet long, and so
bulky that two tall men placed one on each side of the
fish could not see one another." — The History and
Antiquities of the City of Dublin from the Earliest
Accounts, by Walter Harris, 1766, p. 265.

This account is compiled from several records of
the time, some of which still exist. As the term
turlehydes is not known to Irish scholars, can any
of the readers of " N. & Q." say what precise
animal is meant by it, or give any derivation or
reference for the term ? U. U.

Dublin.

Foreign Orders — Queen of Bohemia. — It. is
well known that in some foreign Orders the
decorations thereof are conferred upon ladies.
Can any of your correspondents inform me
whether the Order of the Annunciation of Sar-
dinia, formerly the Order of the Ducal House of
Savoy, at any time conferred its decorations upon
ladies ; and whether the Princess Elizabeth, after-
wards Queen of Bohemia, ever had the decoration
of any foreign order conferred upon her ? In a
portrait of her she is represented with a star or
badge upon the upper part of the left arm.

S. E. G.

Pichard Family. — Is the Pickard, or Picard,
family, a branch of which is located in Yorkshire,
of Norman origin ? If so, who were the first settlers
in England ; and also in what county are they most
numerous ? One or the Family.

Bradford.

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

ir

Irish Chieftains. — Some account of the following,
Historical Reminiscences of O' Byrnes, O'Tooles,
O'Kavanaghs, and other Irish Chieftains, privately
printed, 1843, is requested by John Martin.

Woburn Abbey.

General Braddock. — Can any of your readers
furnish me with information relative to this
officer ? His disastrous expedition against Fort
I)u Quesne, and its details, are well known ; but
I should like to know something more of his pre-
vious history. Walpole gives an anecdote or two
of him, and mentions that he had been Governor
of Gibraltar. I think too he was of Irish extrac-
tion. Is there no portrait or engraving of Brad-
dock in existence ? Serviens.

fflinav titacrtal tofflj 8it£toerg.

Lawless Court, Rochford, Essex. — A most
extraordinary custom exists, in a manor at Roch-
ford, in the tenants holding under what is called
the " Lawless Court." This court is held at mid-
night, by torch-light, in the centre of a field, on
the first Friday after the 29th Sept., and is pre-
sided over by the steward of the manor, who,
however, appoints a. deputy to fulfil this part of
his duty. The tenants of the manor are obliged
to attend to answer to their names, when called
upon, under pain of a heavy fine, or at all events
have some one there to respond for them. All
the proceedings are carried on in a whisper, no
one speaking above that tone of voice; and the
informations as to deaths, names, &c. are entered
in a book by the president with a piece of charcoal.
I may add, the business is not commenced until
a cock has crowed three times, and as it is some-
times a difficult matter to get Chanticleer to do
his duly, a man is employed to crow, whose fee
therefor is 5*.

Now Morant, in his History of Essex, merely
cursorily mentions this most singular custom, and
has nothing as to its antiquity or origin ; I should
therefore feel much obliged for any information
Concerning it. Russell Gole.

[The singular custom at Rochford is of uncertain
origin : in old authors it is spoken of as belonging to
the manor of Rayleigh. The following account of
■ The Lawless Court," at that place, is printed by
Hearne" from the Dodsworth MSS. in the Bodleian,
vol. cxxv. : — " The manor of Raylie, in Essex, hath a
custome court kept yearly, the Wednesday nexte after
Michael's day. The court is kept in the night, and
without light, but as the skye gives, att a little hill
without the towne, called the King's Hill, where the
steward writes only with coals, and .not with inke.
And many men and mannors of greate worth hold of
the same, and do suite unto this strange court, where
the steward calls them with as low a voice as possibly
he may ; giving no notice when he goes to the hill to

keepe the same court, and he that attends not is
deepely amerced, if the steward will. The title and
entry of the same court is as followeth, viz. :
' Curia de domino rege,
Dicta sine lege,
Tenta est ibidem,
Per. ejusdem consuetudinem,

Ante ortum solis,
Euceat nisi polus,
Seneschallus solus,
Scribit nisi colis.
Clamat clam pro rege
In curia sine lege :
Et qui non cito venerit
Citius poenitebit :
Si venerit cum lumine
Errat in regimine.
Et dum sine lumine
Capti sunt in crimine,
Curia sine cura
Jurat a de injuria

Tenta est die Mercuria?

prox. post festum S. MichaeHs.' n
Weever, who mentions this custom, says, that he
was informed that " this servile attendance was im-
posed, at the first, upon certaine tenants of divers
mannors hereabouts, for conspiring in this place, at
such an unseasonable time, to raise a commotion."]

Motto on old Damask. — Can your correspon-
dents furnish an explanation of the motto herewith
sent ? It is taken from some damask table napkins
which were bought many years back at Brussels ;
not at a shop in the ordinary way, but privately ,.
from the family to whom they belonged. I presume
the larger characters, if put together, will indicate
the date of the event, whatever that may be, which
is referred to in the motto itself.

The motto is woven in the pattern of the
damask, and consists of the following words in
uncials, the letters of unequal size, as subjoined :

"sIgnUM paCIs PatUr LorICje."
the larger letters being iumciddltc. If the V&
are taken as two F's, and written thus X, it
gives the date mdcclxiii. Perhaps this can be
explained. IL

[The chronogram above, which means " The signal
of peace is given to the warrior," relates to the peace
proclaimed between England and France in the year
1763. This event is noticed in the Annual Register,
and in most of our popular histories. Keightley says,
" The overtures of France for peace were readily
listened to; and both parties being in earnest, the
preliminaries were readily settled at Fontainebleau
(Nov. 3rd). In spite of the declamation of Mr. Pitt
and his party, they were approved of by large majori-
ties in both Houses of Parliament, and a treaty was
finally signed in Paris, Feb. 18, 1763." The napkins
were probably a gift, on the occasion, to some public
functionary. For the custom of noting the date of a
great event by chronograms, see " N. & Q.," Vol. v.,
p. .585.]

12

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

Explanation of the Word '■'■Miser." — Can any
of your readers explain how and when miser came
to get the meaning of an avaricious hoarding man ?
In Spenser's Faerie Queene, n. 1. 8., it is used in
its nearly primary sense of " wretch :"

" Vouchsafe to stay your steed for humble miser's sake."

Again, Faerie Queene, n. 3. 8. :

" The miser threw himself, as an offall,
Straight at his foot in base humility."

In Milton's Comus, which was written about
fifty years after the first three books of the Faerie
Queene, the present signification of the word is
complete :

" You may as well spread out the unsunn'd heaps
•Of mister's treasure by an outlaw's den,
'And tell me it is safe, as bid one hope
Danger will sink on opportunity," &c.

J. D. Gardner.
Bottisham.

[The modern restricted use of the word miser is
subsequent to Shakspeare's time ; for in Part I. King
Henry VI., Act V. Sc. 4.,

" Decrepit miser ! base ignoble wretch !"

Steevens say s has no relation to avarice, but simply means
a miserable creature. So in the interlude of Jacob and
Esau, 1568 :

" But as for these misers within my father's tent."

Again, in Lord Stirling's tragedy of Crwsus, 1604 :

•" Or think'st thou me of judgement too remiss,
A miser that in miserie remains."

Otway, however, in his Orphan, published in 1680,
uses it for a covetous person :

" Though she be dearer to my soul than rest
To weary pilgrims, or to misers gold,
Rather than wrong Castalio, I'd forget thee."
So also does Pope :

*' No silver saints by dying misers given,

Here brib'd the rage of ill-requited heaven."]

"Acis and Galatea." — Is there any good evi-
dence in support of the commonly received opinion
that the words to Handel's Acis and Galatea were
written by Gay ? Hawkins merely states that
they " are said to have been written by Mr. Gay."
I have no copy of Burney at hand to refer to ;
but I find the same statement repeated by various
other musical historians, without, however, any
authority being given for it. The words in ques-
tion are not to be found among' the Poems on
several Occasions, by Mr. John Gay, published in
1767 by Tonson ancl others. Have they ever
been included in any collective edition of his
works ? G. T.

Reading.

[In the musical catalogue of the British Museum,
compiled by Thomas Oliphant, Esq., it is stated that

the words to Acis and Galatea " are said to be written,
but apparently partly compiled, by John Gay." This
serenata is included among Gay's Poems in Dr. John-
son's edition of the English Poets, 1790, as well as in
Chalmers's edition of 1810, and in the complete edi-
tion of British Poets, Edinburgh, 1794.]

Birm-banh — The bank of a canal opposite to
the towing-path is called the birm-bank. What
is the derivation of this ? Uneda.

Philadelphia.

[The word hirm seems to have the same meaning as
berme (Fr. berme), which, in Fortification, denotes a
piece of ground of three, four, or five feet in width,
left between the rampart and the moat or foss, designed
to receive the ruins of the rampart, and prevent the
earth from filling the foss. Sometimes it is palisaded,
and in Holland is generally planted with quickset
hedge.]

General Thomas Gage. — This officer com-
manded at Boston at the breaking out of the
Revolution, and served under General Braddock.
Where can I find any details of the remainder of
his history ? Serviens.

[An interesting biographical account of General
Gage is given in the Georgian JEra, vol. ii. p. 67.]

RAPPING NO NOVELTY.

(Vol.viii., pp.512. 632.)

The story referred to is certainly a very curious
one, and I should like to know whether it is ex-
actly as it was told by Baxter, especially as there
seems to be reason for believing that De Foe
(whom on other grounds one would not trust in
such a matter) did not take it from the work
which he quotes. Perhaps if you can find room
for the statement, some correspondent would be
so good as to state whether it has the sanction of
Baxter :

" Mr. Baxter, in his Historical Discourse of Appa-
ritions, writes thus : ' There is now in London an un-
derstanding, sober, pious man, oft one of my hearers,
who has an elder brother, a gentleman of considerable
rank, who having formerly seemed pious, of late years
does often fall into the sin of drunkenness ; he often
lodges long together here in Ills brother's house, and
whensoever he is drunk and has slept himself sober,
something knocks at his bed's head, as if one knocked
on a wainscot. When they remove his bed it follows
him. Besides other loud noises on other parts where
he is, that all the house hears, they have often watched
him, and kept his hands lest he should do it himself.
His brother has often told it me, and brought his wife,
a discreet woman, to attest it, who avers moreover, that
as she watched him, she has seen his shoes under the
bed taken up, and nothing visible to touch them. They
brought the man himself to me, and when we asked

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

13

l)im how he (Jare sin again after such a warning, he
had no excuse. But being persons of quality, for some
special reason of worldly interest I must not name
him.' " — De Foe's Life of Duncan Campbell, 2nd ed.
p. 107.

After this story, De Foe says :

" Another relation of this kind was sent to Dr.
Beaumont (whom I myself personally knew, and
which he has inserted in his account of genii, or fa-
miliar spirits) in a letter by an ingenious and learned
clergyman of Wiltshire," &c.

But he does not say that the story which he has
already quoted as from Baxter stands just as he
has given it, and with a reference to Baxter, in
Beaumont's Historical, Physiological, and Theo-
logical Treatise of Spirits, p. 182. Of course one
does not attach any weight to De Foe's saying
that he knew Dr. Beaumont " personally," but
does anybody know anything of him ? Nearly
four years ago you inserted a somewhat similar
inquiry about this Duncan Campbell, but I be-
lieve it has not yet been answered.

S. R. Maitxanp.

OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.

(Vol. viii., p. 535.)

From a volume of Forms of Prayer in the
library of Sir Robert Taylor's Institution, I send
you the following list, as supplementary to Mr.
LATHBURTt's. This volume forms part of a col-
lection of books bequeathed to the University by
the late Robert Finch, M. A., formerly of Baliol
College :

A Form of Prayer for a General Fast, &c. 4to.
London. 1762.

In both the Morning and Evening Services of
this Form "A Prayer for the Reformed Churches "
is included, which is omitted in all the subsequent
Forms. This is a copy of it :

"A Prayer for the Reformed Churches.

" O God, the Father of Mercies, we present our
Supplications unto Thee, more especially on bt-half of
our Reformed Brethren, whom, blessed be Thy Name,
Thou hast hitherto wonderfully supported. Make
them perfect, strengthen, 'stablish them : that they may
stand fast in the Liberty wherewith Christ hath made
them free, and adorn the Doctrine of God our Saviour
in all things. Preserve the Tranquillity of those who
at present enjoy it : look down with compassion upon
such as are persecuted for Righteousness' sake, and
plead Thy cause with the oppressors of Thy people.
Enlighten those who are in Darkness and Error ; and
give them Repentance to the Acknowledgment of the
Truth : that all the Ends of the World may remember
themselves, and be turned unto the Lord ; and we all
may become one Flock, under the great Shepherd and
Bishop of our Souls, Jesus Christ, our only Mediator
and Advocate. Amen."

Form, &c. Fast.

Form, &c. Fast.

Form, &c. Fast.

Form, &c. Fast.

Form, &c. Fast.

1776.
1778.
1780.
1781.
1782.

A Prayer to be used on Litany Days before the
Litany, and on other days immediately before the
Prayer for all Conditions of Men, in all Cathedral,
Collegiate, and Parochial Churches and Chapels,
&c, during his Majesty's present Indisposition.
1788.

The following MS. note is inserted in the hand- .
writing of Mr. Finch, father of the gentleman who
bequeathed the collection :

"Mrs. Finch accompanied my Father (Rev. Dr.
Finch, Rector of St. Michael's, Cornhill) to the Ca-
thedral, where he had a seat for himself and his lady
assigned him under the Dome, as Treasurer to the
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the
original patrons of the Charity Schools. Mrs. F. was
so fortunate as to obtain a seat in the choir, and saw
the procession from the choir gate. Myself and
Robert saw the cavalcade (which was extremely grand,
and continued for the space of more than three hours,
both Houses of Parliament with their attendants pre-
ceding their Majesties) from Mrs. Townsend's house
in Fleet Street." — April 23, 1789.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the King's

Recovery. 1789.
Form, &c. Fast. 1793. "

Form, &c. Fast. 17 95.
Form, &c. Fast. 1796.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for many signal and

important Victories. 1797.
Form, &c. Fast. 1798.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Victory of

the Nile, &c. 1798.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Victory over

the French Fleet, Aug. 1. 1798.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the safe Delivery
of H. R. II. the Princess of Wales, and the birth of
a Princess. 1796.
Form, &c. Fast. 1799.
Form, &c. Fast. 1800.
Form, &c. Fast. 1801.

Form and Thanksgiving for the Harvest. 1801.

Form and Thanksgiving for putting an End to the
War. 1802.

Form, &c. Fast. 1803.

Form, &c. Fast. 1804.

Form, &c. Fast. 1805.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for Lord Nelson's
Victory. 1805.

Form, &c. Fast. 1806.

Form, &c. Fast. 1807.

Form, &c. Fast. 1 808.

Form, &c. Fast. 1809.

Form, &c. Fast. 1810.

Form, &c. Fast. 1812.

Form, &c. Thanksgiving for the Peace. 1814.

Form, &c. Thanksgiving for the Peace. 1816.

John Macbat.
Oxford.

14

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.

(Vol. viii., p. 174.)

There was a Query some time ago upon this
subject, but though it is one full of interest to all
scholars, I have not observed any Notes worth
mentioning in reply. The connexion between
these two languages has only of late occupied the
attention of philologers ; but the more closely they
are compared together, the more important and
the more striking do the resemblances appear ;
and the remark of Arnold with regard to Greek
literature applies equally to Latin, " that we seem
now to have reached that point in our knowledge
of the language, at which other languages of the
same family must be more largely studied, before
we can make a fresh step in advance." But this
study, as regards the comparison of Celtic and
Latin, is, in England at least, in a very infant
state. Professor Newman, in his Regal Rome,
has drawn attention to the subject ; but his in-
duction does not appear sufficiently extensive to
warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the
position the Celtic holds as an element of the
Latin. Pritchard's work upon the subject is sa-
tisfactory as far as it goes, but both these authors
have chiefly confined themselves to a tabular view
of Celtic and Latin words ; but it is not merely
this we want. What is required is a critical ex-
amination into the comparative structure and
formal development of the two languages, and this
is a work still to be accomplished. The later
numbers of Bopp's Comparative Grammar are, I
believe, devoted to this subject, but as they have
not been translated, they must be confined to a
limited circle of English readers, and I have not
yet seen any reproduction of the views therein
contained in the philological literature of England.

As the first step to considerations of this kind
must be made from a large induction of words, I
think, with your correspondent, that the pages of
" N. & Q." might be made useful in supplying
"links of connexion" to supply a groundwork for
future comparison. I shall conclude by sug-
gesting one or two *' links " that I do not re-
member to have seen elsewhere.

1. Is the root of felix to be found in the Irish
fail, fate ; the contraction of the dipththong ai

or e being analogous to that of ama'imus into
amemus?

2. Is it not probable that Avernus, if not cor-
rupted from &opvos, is related to iffrin, the Irish
inferi f This derivation is at any rate more pro-
bable than that of Grotefend, who connects the
word with 'Axtpoov.

3. Were the Galli, priests of Cybele, so called
as being connected with fire-worship ? and is the
name at all connected with the Celtic gal, aflame ?
The word Galhis, a Gaul, is of course the same
as the Irish gal, a stranger. T. H. T.

GEOMETRICAL CURIOSITY.

(Vol. viii., p. 468.)

Mr. Ingleby's question might easily be the
foundation of a geometrical paper ; but as this
would not be a desirable contribution, I will en-
deavour to keep clear of technicalities, in pointing
out how the process described may give something
near to a circle, or may not.

When a paper figure, bent over a straight line
in it, has the two parts perfectly fitting on each
other, the figure is symmetrical about that straight
line, which may be called an axis of symmetry.
Thus every diameter of a circle is an axis of
symmetry : every regular oval has two axes of
symmetry at right angles to each other : every
regular polygon of an odd number of sides has an
axis joining each corner to the middle of the
opposite sides : every regular polygon of an even
number of sides has axes joining opposite corners,
and axes joining the middles of opposite sides.

When a piece of paper, of any form whatsoever,
rectilinear or curvilinear, is doubled over any
line in it, and when all the parts of either side
which are not covered by the other are cut away,
the unfolded figure will of course have the creased
line for an axis of symmetry. If another line be
now creased, and a fold made over it, and the
process repeated, the second line becomes an axis,
of symmetry, and the first perhaps ceases to be
one. If the process be then repeated on the first
line, this last becomes an axis, and the other (pro-
bably) ceases to be an axis. If this process can
be indefinitely continued, the cuttings must be-
come smaller and smaller, for the following rea-
son. Suppose, at the outset, the boundary point
nearest to the intersection of the axes is distant
from that intersection by, say four inches ; it is
clear that we cannot, after any number of cuttings,
have a part of the boundary at less than four
inches from the intersection. For there never is,
after any cutting, any approach to the intersection
except what there already was on the other side of
the axis employed, before that cutting was made.
If then the cuttings should go on for ever, or
practically until the pieces to be cut off are too
small, and if this take place all round, the figure
last obtained will be a good representation of a
circle of four inches radius. On the suppositions,
we must be always cutting down, at all parts of
the boundary ; but it has been shown that we can
never come nearer than by four inches to the
intersection of the axes.

But it does not follow that the process will go
on for ever. We may come at last to a state in
which both the creases are axes of symmetry at
once ; and then the process stops. If the paper
had at first a curvilinear boundary, properly
chosen, and if the axes were placed at the proper
angle, it would happen that we should arrive at a

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

15

regular curved polygon, having the two axes for
axes of symmetry. The process would then stop.

I will, however, suppose that the original bound-
ary is everywhere rectilinear. It is clear then
that, after every cutting, the boundary is still
rectilinear. If the creases be at right angles to
one another, the ultimate figure may be an irre-
gular polygon, having its four quarters alike, such
as may be inscribed in an oval ; or it may have
its sides so many and so small, that the ultimate
appearance shall be that of an oval. But if the
creases be not at right angles, the ultimate figure
is a perfectly regular polygon, such as can be in-
scribed in a circle ; or its sides may be so many
and so small that the ultimate appearance shall be
that of a circle.

Suppose, as in Mr. Ingleby's question, that
the creases are not at right angles to each other ;
supposing the eye and the scissors perfect, the
results will be as follows :

First, suppose the angle made by the creases to
be what the mathematicians call incommensurable
with the whole revolution : that is, suppose that
no repetition of the angle will produce an exact
number of revolutions. Then the cutting will go
on for ever, and the result will perpetually
approach a circle. It is easily shown that no
figure whatsoever, except a circle, has two axes
of symmetry which make an angle incommensur-
able with the whole revolution.

Secondly, suppose the angle of the creases com-
mensurable with the revolution. Find out the
smallest number of times which the angle must
be repeated to give an exact number of revolu-
tions. If that number be even, it is the number
of sides of the ultimate polygon : if that number
be odd, it is the half of the number of sides of the
ultimate polygon.

Thus, the paper on which I write, the whole
sheet being taken, and the creases made by join-
ing opposite corners, happens to give the angle of
the creases very close to three-fourteenths of a
revolution ; so that fourteen repetitions of the
angle is the lowest number which give an exact
number of revolutions ; and a very few cuttings
lead to a regular polygon of fourteen sides. But
if four-seventeenths of a revolution had been
taken for the angle of the creases, the ultimate
polygon would have had thirty-four sides. In an
angle taken at hazard the chances are that the
number of ultimate sides will be large enough to
present a circular appearance.

Any reader who chooses may amuse himself by
trying results from three or more axes, whether
all passing through one point or not.

A. De Morgan.

THE BLACK-GUARD.

(Vol. viii., p. 414.)

Some of your correspondents, Sir James E. Tennent
especially, have been very learned on this subject, and
all have thrown new light on what I consider a very
curious inquiry. The following document I discovered
some years ago in the Lord Steward's Offices. Your
readers will see its value at once ; but it may not be
amiss to observe, that the name in its present applica-
tion had its origin in the number of masterless boys
hanging about the verge of the Court and other public
places, palaces, coal-cellars, and palace stables ; ready
with links to light coaches and chairs, and conduct,
and rob people on foot, through the dark streets of
London ; nay, to follow the Court in its progresses to
Windsor and Newmarket. Pope's "link-boys vile"
are the black-guard boys of the following Proclam-
ation. Peter Cunningham.

At the Board of Green Cloth,

in Windsor Castle,

this 7th day of May, 1683.

Whereas of late a sort of vicious, idle, and
masterless boyes and rogues, commonly called the
Black-guard, with divers other lewd and loose
fellowes, vagabonds, vagrants, and wandering men
and women, do usually haunt and follow the Court,
to the great dishonour of the same, and as Wee
are informed have been the occasion of the late
dismall fires that happened in the towns of Wind-
sor and Newmarket, and have, and frequently do
commit divers other misdemeanours and disorders
in such places where they resort, to the prejudice
of His Majesty's subjects, for the prevention of
which evills and misdemeanours hereafter, Wee do
hereby strictly charge and command all those so
called the Black-guard as aforesaid, with all other
loose, idle, masterless men, boyes, rogues, and
wanderers, who have intruded themselves into His
Majesty's Court or stables, that within the space
of twenty- four houres next after the publishing
of this order, they depart, upon pain of imprison-
ment, and such other punishments as by law are
to be inflicted on them.

(Signed) Ormond.

H. BuLKELEY.

H. Brotjnckeb.
Rich. Mason.
Ste. Fox.

THE CALVES HEAD CLUB.

(Vol. viii., pp. 315. 480.)

The Calves' Head Club existed much earlier
than the time when their doings were commemo-
rated in the Weekly Oracle (Vol. viii., p. 315.)
of February 1, 1735, or depicted in the print of
1734 (Vol. viii., p. 480.). There is a pamphlet,

16

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

the second edition of which was published in
small 4to., in 1703, entitled :

" The Secret History of the Calves' Head' Club,
or, the Republican Unmasqu'd, wherein is fully
shewn the Religion of the Calves- Head Heroes in
their Anniversary Thanksgiving Songs on the Thir-
tieth of January, by their Anthems," &c. &c.

We are told in the latter part of the long title-
page that the work was published "to demonstrate
the restless, implacable spirit of a certain party
still among us," and certainly the statements
therein, and more than all the anthems at the end,
do show the bitterest hatred — so bitter, so intense
and malignant, that we feel on reading it that
there must be some exaggeration.

The .author professes to have at first been of
opinion " that the story was purely contrived on
purpose to render the republicans more odious
than they deserv'd." Whether he was convinced
to the contrary by ocular demonstration he does
not tell us, but gives us information he received
from a gentleman —

" Who, about eight years ago, went out of meer
curiosity to see their Club, and has since furnish'd ma
with the following papers. I was inform'd that it was
kept in no fix'd housa, but that they remov'd as they
saw convenient ; that the place they met in when he
was with 'em was in a blind ally, about Morefields ;
that the company wholly consisted of Independents
and Anabaptists (I am glad for the honour of the
Presbyterians to set down this remark) ; that the
fa nous Jerry White, formerly Chaplain to Oliver
Cromwell, who no doubt on't came to sanctify with
his pious exhortations the Ribbaldry of the Day, said
Grace; that after the table-cloth was removed, the
anniversary anthem, as they impiously called it, was
sung, and a calve's skull fill'd with wine, or other
liquor, and then a brimmer went about to the pious
memory of those worthy patriots that kill'd the tyrant,
and deliver' d their country from arbitrary sway ; and
lastly, a collection made for the mercenary scribler, to
which every mm contributed according to his zeal for
the cause, or the ability of his purse.

" I have taken care to set down what the gentleman
told me as faithfully as my memory wou'd give me
leave; and I am persuaded that some persons that
frequent the Black Boy in Newgate Street, as they
knew the author of the following lines so they knew
this account of the Calves' Head Club to be true."

The anthems for the years 1693, 1694, 1695,
1696, and 1697, are given; but they are too
long and too stupidly blasphemous and indecent
to quote here. They seem rather the satires of
malignant cavaliers than the serious productions
of any Puritan, however politically or theolo-
gically heretical. Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

The Cahtype Process. — T have made my first essay
in the calotype process, following Dr. Diamond's
directions given in " N. & Q,.," and using Turner's
paper, as recommended by him. My success has been
quite as great as I could expect as a novice, and sa-
tisfies me that any defects are due to my own want of
skill, and not to any fault in the directions given. I
wish, however, to ask a question as to" iodizing the
paper. Dr. Diamond says, lay the paper on the solu-
tion ; then immediately remove it, and lay on the dry
side on blotting-paper, &c. Now I find, if I remove
immediately, the whole sheet of paper curls up into a
roll, and is quite unmanageable. I want to know,
therefore, whether there is any objection to allowing
the paper to remain on the iodizing solution until it
lies flat on it, so that on removal it will not curl, and
may be easily and conveniently laid on the dry side to
pass the glass rod over it. As soon as the paper is
floated on the solution (I speak of Turner's) it has a
great tendency to curl, and takes some time before the
expansion of both surfaces becoming equal allows it to
lie quite flat on the liquid. May this operation be per-
formed by the glass rod, without floating at all?

Photographers, like myself, at a distance from prac-
tical instruction, are so much obliged for plain and
simple directions such as those given by Dr. Diamond,
which are the result of experience, that I am sure he
will not mind being troubled with a few inquiries rela-
tive to them. C. E. F.

HockiiCs' Short Sketch. — Mr. Hockin is so well known
as a thoroughly practical chemist, that it may suffice
to call attention to the fact of his having published a
little brochure entitled How to obtain Positive and
Negative Pictures on Collodionized Glass, and copy the
latter upon Paper. A Short Sketch adapted for the Tyro
in Photography. As the question of the alkalinity of
the nitrate bath is one which has lately been discussed,
we will give, as a specimen of Mr. Hockin's book, a
quotation, showing his opinion upon that question :

" The sensitizing agent, nitrate of silver in crystals,
not the ordinary fused in sticks, is nearly always con-
fessedly adulterated ; it is thus employed :

" The silver or nitrate bath. — Nitrate of silver five
drachms, distilled water ten ounces ; dissolve and add
iodized collodion two drachms.

" Shake these well together, allow them to macerate
twelve hours, and filter through paper. Before adding
the nitric acid, test the liquid with a piece of blue
litmus paper; if it remain blue after being immersed
one minute, add one drop of dilute nitric acid*, and
test again for a minute ; and so on, until a claret red is
indicated on the paper. It is necessary to test the
bath in a similar manner, frequently adding half a
drop to a drop of dilute acid when required. This
precaution will prevent the fogging due to alkalinity
of the bath, so formidable an obstacle to young hands."

Photographic Society's Exhibition. — The Photo-
graphic Society opened their first Exhibition of Pho-

* " Dilute nitric acid.— Water fifty parts, nitric acid
one part."

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

17

tographs and Daguerreotypes at the Gallery of the
Society of British Artists, in Suffolk Street, with a
soiree on Tuesday evening last. Notwithstanding the
inclemency of the weather, the rooms were crowded
not only by members of the Society, but by many of
the most distinguished literary and scientific men of
the metropolis. The Queen and Prince Albert had,
in the course of the morning, spent three hours in an
examination of the collection ; and the opinion they
expressed, that the exhibition was one of great interest
and promise, from the evidence it afforded of the ex-
traordinary advance made by the art during the past
year, and the encouragement it held out to the belief
that far " greater excellence might therefore still be
looked for in it, was a very just one, and embodied that
given afterwards by the most competent authorities.
We have not room this week to enter into any details,
but can confidently recommend our readers to pay an
early visit to Suffolk Street.

Iftfglfal to Minor fauttiei.

11 Firm was their faith" SfC. (Vol. viii., p. 564.).
■ — These lines are to be found in a poem called
"Morwennae Statio, hodie Morwenstow," pub-
lished by Masters in 1846, with the title of Echoes
from Old Cornwall, and written by the Vicar of
Morwenstow. I agree with D. M. in the judg-
ment he has announced as to their merits ; but
hitherto they have been but little appreciated by
the public. A time will come, however, when
these and other compositions of the author will
be better known and more duly valued by the
English mind. Saxa.

These lines were written on " the Minster of
Morwenna," May, 1840, and appeared in the
British Magazine under the anonymous name
Procul. Of the eight stanzas of which the poem
consists, P. M. has quoted the second. The
second line should be read " wise of heart," and
the third '•'•firm and trusting hands." With your
correspondent, I hope the author's name may be
discovered. F. R. It.

Vellum- cleaning (Vol. viii., p. 340.). — In the
Polytechnic Institution there are specimens of old
deeds, &c, on vellum and paper, beautifully
cleaned and restored by Mr. George Clifford,
5. Inner Temple Lane, Temple, London.

J. M'K.

Shoreham.

Wooden Tombs (Vol. viii., p. 255.). — In the
church at Brading, Isle of Wight —

" There are some old tombs in the communion place,
and in Sir William Oglander's chapel, or family burial-
place, which is separated from the rest of the church
by an oak screen. The most ancient legible date of
these monuments is 1567. Two of them have full-
length figures in armour of solid elm wood, originally

painted in their proper colours, and gilt, but now dis-
figured by coats of dirty white." — Barber's Picturesque
Guide to the Isle of Wight, 1850, pp. 28, 29.

J. M'K.

Shoreham.

Solar Eclipse in the Year 1263 (Vol. viii.,
p. 441.). — In the Transactions of the Antiquarian
Society of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 350., there are
" Observations on the Norwegian Expedition
against Scotland in the year 1263," by John
Dillon, Esq.; and at pp. 363-4 , when speaking of
the annular eclipse, he says :

" The eclipse above mentioned is described to have
occurred between these two dates [29th July and 9th
August]. This being pointed out to Dr. Brewster,
he had the curiosity to calculate the eclipse, when he
found that there was an eclipse of the sun on 5th
August, 1263, and which was annular at Ronaldsvo,
in Orkney, and the middle of it was twenty-four
minutes past one."

These "Observations" contain much curious
information ; but are deformed by the author
attempting to wrest the text of the Norwegian
writer (at p. 358. and in note I.) to suit an absurd
crotchet of his own. Having seen that essay in
MS., I pointed out those errors ; but instead of
attending to my observations, he would not read
them, and got into a passion against the friend
who showed the MS. to me. J. M'K.

Shoreham.

Lines on Woman (Vol. viii., pp. 292. 350. &c.).—
The lines on Woman are, I presume, an altered
version of those of Barret (Mrs. Barrett Brown-
ing ?) ; they are the finale of a short poem on
Woman ; the correct version is the following :

" Peruse the sacred volume, Him who died
Her kiss betray'd not, nor her tongue denied";
While even the Apostle left Him to His doom,
She linger'd round His cross and watch'd His tomb."

I would copy the whole poem, but fear you
would think it too long for insertion. Ma. L.

[Our correspondent furnishes an addition to our
list of parallel passages. The lines quoted by W. V.
and those now given by our present correspondent can
never be different readings of the same poem. Besides,
it has been already shown that the lines asked for are
from the poem entitled Woman, by Eaton Stannard
Barrett (see ante, pp. 350. 423.).]

Satin (Vol. vii., p. 551.). — In a note just re-
ceived by me from Canton, an American friend of
mine remarks as follows :

44 When you write again to ' N. & Q.' you can
say that the word satin (Vol. vii., p. 551.), like the
article itself, is of Chinese origin, and that other
foreign languages, in endeavouring like the En-
glish to imitate the Chinese sz-tiin, have approxi-

18

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

mated closely to it, and to each other. Of this
the answers to the Query given in the place re-
ferred to are a sufficient proof; Fr. satin,
W. sidaii, &c. &c."

I suspect that he is right, and that Ogilvie and
Webster, whom you quote, have not got to the
bottom of the word. I may add that the notion
of my Canton friend receives approval from a
Chinese scholar to whom I have shown the above
extract. W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

" Quid fades" frc. (Vol. viii., p. 539.).—

" Bierve, N. Marechal, Marquis de, a Frenchman
well known for his ready wit and great facetiousness.
He wrote two plays of considerable merit, Les Re-
putations and Le Seducteur. He died at Spa, 1789,
aged 42. He is author of the distich on courtezans :
' Quid facies, facies Veneris cum veneris ante ?
Ne sedeas ! sed eas, ne pereas per eas.' "

— Lempriere's Universal Biography, abridged from the
larger work, London, 1808.

C. Forbes.
Temple.

Sotades (Vol. viii., p. 520.). — Your correspon-
dent Charles Reed says that Sotades was a
Roman poet 2.50 b.c. ; and that to him we owe the
line, " Roma tibi subito," &c. Sotades was a native
of Maroneia in Thrace, or, according to others, of
Crete ; and flourished at Alexandria B.C. 280
(Smith's Dictionary of Biography, Clinton, F. H.,
vol. iii. p. 888.). AVe have a few fragments of his
poems, but none of them are palindromical. The
authority for his having written so, is, I suppose,
Martial, Epig. n. 86. 2. :

" Nee retro lego Sotaden cinsedum."

Zeus.

The Third Part of " Christahel " (Vol. viii.,
pp. 11. 111.). — Has the Irish Quarterly Review
any other reason for ascribing this poem to Maginn
than the common belief which makes him the sole
and original Morgan Odoherty ? If not, its evi-
dence is of little value, as, exclusive of some pieces
under that name which have been avowed by
other writers, many of the Odoherty papers con-
tain palpable internal evidence of having been
written by a Scotchman, or at least one very fa-
miliar with Scotland, which at that time he was
not ; even the letter accompanying the third part
of Christahel is dated from Glasgow, and though
this would in itself prove nothing, the circum-
stances above mentioned, as well as Dr. Moir's
evidence as to the time when Maginn's contribu-
tions to Blackwood commenced, seems strongly
presumptive against his claim. Some of the
earliest and most distinguished writers in Black-
wood are still alive, and could, no doubt, clear up
this point at once, if so inclined. J. S. Warden.

Attainment of Majority (Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.).
— In my last communication upon this subject I
produced undeniable authority to prove that the
law did not regard the fraction of a day ; this, I
think, A. E. B. will admit. The question is, now,
does the day on which a man attains his majority
commence at six o'clock a. m., or at midnight ?
We must remember that we are dealing with a
question of English law ; and therefore the evi-
dence of an English decision will, I submit, be
stronger proof of the latter mode of reckoning than
the only positive proof with which A. E. B. has
defended Ben Jonson's use of the former, viz.
Roman.

In a case tried in Michaelmas Term, 1704,
Chief Justice Holt said :

" It has been adjudged that if one be born the 1st of
February at eleven at flight, and the last of January in
the twenty-first year of his age at one o'clock in the
morning, he makes his will of lands and dies, it is a
good will, for he was then of age." — Sulkeld, 44. ;
Raymond, 480, 1096 ; 1 Siderfn, 162.

In this case, therefore, the testator was ac-
counted of age forty-six hours before the com-
pletion of his twenty-first year. Now, the law
not regarding the fraction of a day, the above
case, 1 submit, clearly proves that the day, as
regards the attainment of majority, began at mid-
night. Russell Gole.

Lord Halifax and Mrs. C. Barton (Vol. viii.,
pp. 429. 543.). — In answer to J. W. J.'s Query, I
beg to state that I have in my possession a codicil
of Mrs. Conduit's will in her own hand, dated
26th of January, 1737. This document refers to
some theological tracts by Sir Isaac Newton, in
his handwriting, which I have. On referring to
the pedigree of the Barton family, I find that
Colonel Robert Barton married Catherine Green-
wood, whose father lived at Rotterdam, and was
ancestor of Messrs. Greenwood, army agents. His
issue were Major Newton Barton, who married
Elizabeth Ekins, Mrs. Burr, and Catherine Robert
Barton. I find no mention of Colonel Noel
Barton. The family of Ekins had been previously
connected with that of Barton, Alexander Ekins,
Rector of Barton Segrave, having married Jane
Barton of Brigstock. The writer of this note
will be obliged if J. W. J., or any correspondent
of " N. & Q.," will inform him if anything is
known respecting an ivory bust of Sir Isaac
Newton, executed by Marchand or Marchant,
which is said to have been an excellent likeness.

S. X.

[The ivory bust referred to by our correspondent
is, we believe, in the British Museum.]

The fifth Lord Byron (Vol. viii., p. 2.). — I
cannot but think that Mr. Hasleden's memory
has deceived him as to the " wicked lord " having

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

19

settled bis estates upon the marriage of his son ;
how is this to be reconciled with the often pub-
lished statement, that the marriage of his son with
his cousin Juliana, daughter of the admiral, and
aunt of the late and present lords, was made not
only without the consent, but in spite of the oppo-
sition, of the old lord, and that he never forgave
his son in consequence ? J. S. Warden.

Burton Family (Vol. iv., pp. 22. 124.). — In
connexion with a Query which was kindly noticed
by Mr. Algor of Sheffield, who did not however
communicate anything new to me, I would ask
who was Samuel Burton, Esq., formerly Sheriff of
Derbyshire ; whose death at Sevenoaks, in October,
1750, I find recorded in the Obituary of the Gen-
tleman's Magazine for that year ? I am also de-
sirous to ascertain who was Sir Francis Cavendish
Burton of St. Helens, whose daughter and heiress,
Martha, married Richard Sikes, Esq., ancestor of
the Sikes's of the Chauntry House near Newark.
She died since 1696. Both Samuel Burton and
Mrs. Sikes were related to the Burtons of Kilburn,
in the parish of Horsley, near Derby, to whom my
former Query referred. E. H. A.

Provost Hodgson's Translation of the Ati/s of
Catullus (Vol. viii., p. 563.). — In answer to Mr.
Gantillon's inquiry for the above translation, I
beg to state that it will be found appended to an
octavo edition of Hodgson's poem of Lady Jane
Grey.

In the same volume will be found, I believe
(for I have not the work before me), some of the
modern Latin poetry respecting which Ballio-
lensis inquires. The justly admired translation
of Edwin and Angelina, to which the latter refers,
was by Hodgson's too early lost friend Lloyd.
The splendid pentameter is slightly misquoted
by Ballioeensis. It is not —

" Poscimus in terris pauca, nee ilia dih."
but —

" Poscimus in vita," &c.

Thomas Rossell Potter.

Wymeswold, Loughborough.

Wylcotes' Brass (Vol. viii., p. 494.). — I should
hardly have supposed that any difficulty could
exist in explaining the inscription :
" In ■ on • is ■ all."
To me it appears self-evident that it must be —
" In one (God) is my all."

H. C. C.

Hoby, Family of; their Portraits, Sfc. (Vol. viii.,
p. 244.). — I would refer J. B. Whitborne to
The Antiquities of Berkshire (so miscalled), by
Elias Ashmole ; where, in treating of Bisham, that
learned antiquary has given the inscriptions to
the Hoby family as existing and legible in his time.
It does not appear that Sir Philip Hoby, or

Hobbie, Knight, was ever of the Privy Council ;
but, in 1539, one of the Gentlemen of the Privy
Chamber to King Henry VIII. (which monarch
granted to him in 1546-7 the manor of Wil-
loughby in Edmonton, co. Middlesex), Sir Thomas
Hoby, the brother, and successor in the estates of
Sir Philip, was, in 1566, ambassador to France ;
and died at Paris July 13 in that same year (not
1596), aged thirty-six. The coat of the Hobys of
Bisham, as correctly given, is " Argent, within a
border engrailed sable, three spindles, threaded in
fesse, gules." A grant or confirmation of this coat
was made by Sir Edward Bysshe, Clarenceux, to
Peregrine Hoby of Bisham, Berks, natural son of
Sir Edward Hoby, Nov. 17, 1664. The Bisham
family bore no crest nor motto. H. C. C.

The Keate Family (Vol. viii., pp. 293. 525.) —
Should the Query of G. B. B. not be sufficiently
answered by the extract from Mr. Burke's Extinct
and Dormant Baronetcies of England relating to
the Keate family, as I have a full pedigree of that
surname, I may perhaps be able, on application,
to satisfy him with some genealogical particulars
which are not noticed in Mr. Burke's work.

H. C. C.

Sir Charles Cotterell (Vol. viii., p. 564.). — Sir
Charles Cotterell, the translator of Cassandra,
died in 1687. (See Fuller's Worthies, by Nuttall,
vol. ii. p. 309.) 'AXitis.

Dublin.

Hue's Travels (Vol. viii., p. 516.). — Not having
seen the Gardeners Chronicle, in which C. W. B.
says the travels of Messrs. Hue and Gabet in
Thibet, Tartary, &c. are said to be a pure fabri-
cation, concocted by some Parisian litterateur, I
cannot know what degree of credit, if any, is to
be given to such a statement. All I wish to com-
municate at present for the information of your
Querist C. W. B. is this, that I have read an
account and abstract of Messrs. Hue and Gabet's
Travels in one of the ablest and best conducted
French reviews, La Revue des Deux Mondes ; in.
which not the least suspicion of fabrication is
hinted, or the slightest doubt expressed as to the
genuineness of these Travels. Mr. Princep, also,
in his work on Thibet, Tartary, &c. quotes largely
from Hue's Travels, and avails himself exten-
sively of the information contained in them with
reference to Buddhism, &c.

Should the writer in the Gardener's Chronicle
have it in his power to prove the Travels to be a
fabrication, he will confer a benefit on the world
of letters by unmasking the fabricator. J. M.

Oxford.

Pictures at Hampton Court Palace (Vol. viii.,
p. 538.). — In reply to *.'s question when the
review of the 10th Light Dragoons by King

20

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

George III., after the Prince of Wales assumed
the command of that regiment, I beg to state that
the Prince entered the army as brevet-colonel,
Nov. 19, 1782; that the regiment received the
title of " The Prince of Wales's own Regiment of
Light Dragoons" on Michaelmas Day, 1783 : that
the regiment was stationed in the south of England
and in the vicinity of London for many years,
from 1790 to 1803 inclusive; and that King
George III. repeatedly reviewed it, accompanied
by the queen and the royal family. That the j
Prince of Wales was appointed Colonel-command-
ant of the corps in 1793, and succeeded Sir W.
A. Pitt as colonel of it in July 18, 1796. That
the regiment was reviewed on Ilounslow Heath
by the King in August, 1799 ; and the Prince of
Wales (who commanded it in person) received
his Majesty's orders to convey his Majesty's ap-
probation of its excellent appearance and per-
formance. Perhaps the picture by Sir William
Beechey was painted in 1799, and not 1798. I
did not find the catalogue at Hampton Court free
from errors, when I last visited the palace} in
October, 1852. M. A.

Pembroke College, Oxon.

John Waugh (Vol. viii., pp. 271.400. 525.). —
Does Karleolensis know whether John Waugh,
son of Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, was married,
and to whom ?

Farther information of the above family would
be most acceptable, and thankfully acknowledged,
by George Waugh, of the family of the Waughs
of Oulton and Lofthouse, Yorkshire.

Exeter.

Daughters taking their Mothers Names (Vol.viii.,
p. 586.). — When Buriensis asks for instances of
this, and mentions "Alicia, daughter of Ada," as
an example, is he not mistaking, or following some
one else who has mistaken, the gender of the
parent's name ? Alicia Jil. Ada would be ren-
dered "Alice Fitz-Adam," unless there be any-
thing in the context to determine the gender
otherwise. J. Sansom.

*' Service is no Inheritance'" (Vol. viii., p. 586.). —
This proverbial saying has evidently arisen from
the old manorial right, under which the lord of
the manor claimed suit and service and fealty
before admitting the heir to his inheritance, or
the purchaser to his purchase. On which occasion,
the party admitted to the estate, whether pur-
chaser or heir, "fecit fidelitatem suam et solvit
relevium;" the relief being generally a year's
rent or service. Anon.

Sir Christopher Wren and the young Carver
(Vol. viii., p. 340.).— If your correspondent A. H.
has not already appropriated the anecdote here
alluded to, I think I can confidently refer him to

any biographical notice of Grindling Gibbons — to
whom the story of the " Sow and Pigs" relates.
Gibbons was recommended to Sir Christopher by
Evelyn, I think ; but not having " made a note of
it," I am not sure that it is to be found in his
Diary.* If there be any monograph Life of
Gibbons, it can scarcely fail to be found there.

M. (2)

Souvaroff's Despatch (Vol. viii., p. 490.).—
SouvarofT's doggerel despatch from Ismail, im-
mortalised by Byron, is, as usual, misspelt and
mistranslated. Allow me to furnish you with what
I have never yet seen in English, a correct version
of it:

" Slava Bogou, slava Vam ;
Krepost vziala, ee ya ta;n."

" Glory to God, glory to You,
The fortress is taken, and I am there."

Dmitri Andre ef.

Detached Church Totcers (Vol. viii., p. 63.). —
In the lists I have seen no mention is made of the
fine tower of West Walton Church, which stands
at a distance of nearly twenty yards from the
body of the church. W. B. D.

Lynn.

Queen Anne's Motto (Vol. viii., p. 174.). — The
Historical Society of Pennsylvania is in possession
of an English coat of arms, painted on wood in
the time of Queen Anne, having "AnnaR." at
the top, and the motto Semper eadem on the scroll
below. It probably was in one of the Philadelphia
court-rooms, and was taken down at the Revo-
lution. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Lawyers Bags (Vol. vii. passim"). — The
communication of Mr. Kersi.ey, in p. 557., al-
though it does not support the inference which
Col. Landman draws, that the colour of lawyers*
bags was changed in consequence of the unpopu-
larity which it acquired at the trial of Queen
Caroline, seems to show that green was at one
time the colour of those professional pouches.
The question still remains, when and on what
occasion it was discontinued ; and when the pur-
ple, and when the crimson, were introduced ?

When I entered the profession (about fifty
years ago), no junior barrister presumed to carry
a bag in the Court of Chancery, unless one had
been presented to him by a king's counsel ; who,
when a junior was advancing in practice, took an
opportunity of complimenting him on his increase
of business, and giving him his own bag to carry
home his papers. It was then a distinction to
carry a bag, and a proof that a junior was rising

[* See Evelyn's Diary, vol. ii. pp.53, 54., edition
1850 Ed.]

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

21

in his profession. I do not know whether the
same custom prevailed in the other courts.

Causidicus.

In this city (Philadelphia) lawyers formerly
carried green bags. The custom has declined of
late years among the members of the legal pro-
fession, and it has been taken up by journeymen
boot and shoe makers, who thus carry their work
to and from the workshop. A green bag is now
the badge of a cordwaiuer in this city. Ziffit.

Philadelphia.

Bust of Luther (Vol. viii., p. 335.). — Ma. J. G.
Fitch asks for information respecting a bust of
Luther, with an inscription, on the wall of a house,
in the Dom Platz at Frankfort on the Maine. I
have learned, through a German acquaintance,
who has resided the greater part of his life in that
city, that the effigy was erected to commemorate
the event of Luther's having, during a short stay
in Frankfort, preached near that spot ; and that
the words surrounding the bust were his text on
the occasion. Pie adds that Luther at no period
of his life " lived for some years" at Frankfort, as
stated by Ma. Fitch. Alfked Smith.

Grammar in relation to Logic (Vol. viii.,
pp. 514. 629.). — H. C. K.'s remarks are of course
indisputable. But it is a mistake to suppose that
they answer my Query. In fact, had your cor-
respondent taken the trouble to consider the
meaning of my Query, he could not have failed to
perceive that the explanation I there gave of the
function of the conjunction in logic, is the same
as his. My Query had sole reference to grammar.
I would also respectfully suggest that anonymous
correspondents should not impute " superficial
views," or any other disagreeable thing, to those
who stand confessed, without abandoning the
pseudonym. C. Mansfield Ingeeby.

Birmingham.

GMttTUmtawt,

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Mr. Timbs announces for publication by subscription,
Curiosities of London : exhibiting the most rare and re-
mnrhable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis. Mr.
Timbs states, tbe authorities for bis work have been
four-and-twenty years in collection ; and that the ut-
most pains has been taken to verify names, dates, and
circumstances, so as to insure accuracy. In this labour
the author has been aided by the communications of
many obliging friends, as well as by his own recol-
lection of nearly fifty years' changes in the aspects of
"opulent, enlarged, and still increasing London."

It is proposed to publish by subscription The Visit-
ation of the County of Northumberland, taken by Iii-
cbard St. George, Esq., Norroy King of Arms, and
Henry St. George, Esq., Blue Mantle Pursuivant of

Arms, a.d. 1615. To be printed in tables on folio, with
the arms engraved on wood, price One Guinea; or
large paper, royal folio, Two Guineas; or large paper
with the arms emblazoned (of which only the number
subscribed for will be done), Five Guineas. Subscri-
bers' names will be received by Mr. John Gray Bell,
No. 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.

The first number of the Antiquities of Shropshire, by
the Rev. It. W. Eyton, has just been issued for the
sake of determining tbe author's doubts as to whether
there is any general wish for such a publication. Should
the answer be in the negative, the author will neither
forget his obligation to present subscribers, nor the ex-
planation which he will farther owe them if the work
be discontinued. The work will extend at least to five
volumes, or twenty parts, and, according to the present
plan, will be completed in not less than five years.
Any subscriber will be at liberty to withdraw his
name, by giving notice to that effect within one month
after the publication of any fourth part, or completed
volume. Three hundred copies of Part I. have been
printed, but the number of the future parts will be
limited to those subscribed for within the next three
months.

The Surrey Archceohgical Society propose bolding the
Inaugural General Meeting of the Society in South-
wark early in the month of February, and to exhibit
upon the occasion a collection of such objects of anti-
quarian interest relating to Surrey as may be con-
tributed for that purpose. Parties are invited to favour
the Society with the loan of such objects.

Books Received. — A Peep at the Pixies, or Legends
of the West, by Mrs. Bray : written for the entertain-
ment of a family circle, these amusing records of the
doings of the little people will find favour with all
lovers of folk lore. — Ada's Thoughts, or the Poetry of
Youth, may be commended for its natural, simple, yet

elevated tone Essay on Human Happiness, by C. B.

Adderley, M.P. ; the first of a series of Great Truths
for Thoughtful Hours. A set of little books similar in
object and design to Pickering's well-known series of
Small Books on Great Subjects. — Beauties of Byron,
Verse and Prose. This selection, made for Murray's
Bailway Reading, will be acceptable to many who
would object to place the collected edition of the noble
bard's writings in tbe hands of the younger members
of their family. — Speeches on Parliamentary Reform, by
the Right Hon. T. 13. Macaulay. This new number
of Longman's Traveller's Library is well-timed, and
very acceptable.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO rUKCHASE.

Isaac Taylor's Physical Theory of another Life.

*»* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent, to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTICS AND
QUKKIliS." 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent

direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose

names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Sandys's Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern. 8ro. 1833.

Junius Discovered, by P. T. Published about 1789.

Wanted by ii'Miam J. Thorns, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,!
Westminster.

22

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

Gallery of Portraits. Published by Charles Knight, under
the Superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge. No. XLIll. (December, 1835), containing Adam
Smith, Calvin, Mansfield.

Wanted by Charles Forbes, 3. Elm Court, Temple.

Bristol Drollery. 1674.

Holborn Drollery. 1673.

Hicks's Grammatical Drollery. 1682.

Oxford Jests.

Cambridge Jests.

Wanted by C. S., 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford.

Mudib's British Birds. Bohn. 1841. 2nd Volume.
Waverley. 1st Edition.

Wanted by F. li. Sowerby, Halifax.

fiatitti to CorregiJcnrtreutrf.

Among' other interesting communications intended for our
present Number, but which we have been compelled by want oj
space to postpone until next week, are M»i Gutch's Paper on
Griffin and his Fidessa, Mr. D'Alton's on James II. 's Irish
Army List, and Dr. Diamond'* on The Advantages of Small
Photographs.

Cestriensis. We have a letter for this Correspondent ; where
shall it be sent ?

Eirionnach. The letter for this Correspondent has been for-
I warded.

W. J. L. The Merry Llyd or Hewid has alreadi/ formed the
subject of some notices in our columns: see Vol. i., pp. 173. 315. ;
| Vol. vi., p. 410. We should be glad to have any satisfactory exl
planation of the origin and antiquity of the custom.

J. E. (Sampford) is informed that there is no charge for the
insertion of Queries, Sjc. Will he oblige us by describing the com-
1 munications to which he refers ?

F. S. A., who asks the origin of tick, is referred to Vol. iii ,
! pp. 357. 409. 502.
I

Ignorant. The Staffordshire Knot is the badge or cognizance
of the Earls of Stafford : see Vol. viii., p. 454.

I J. S. A. will find the information he desires respecting the
; Extraordinary North Briton in a valuable communication from
Mr. Crossley, " N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 432.

Index to Volume the Eighth. — This is in a very forward
; stale, and will, we trust, be ready for delivery with No. 221. on
the 21st of January.

"Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to vii., price Three Guineas
and a Half. — Copies are being made up and may be hud by order.

" Notes and Queries " is published atnoon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE FOR JANUARY (being the First
Part of a new Volume) contains the following
articles : — I. The Princess (afterwards Queen)
Elizabeth a Prisoner at Woodstock. 2. On
supposed Apparitions of the Virgin Mary ; and
particularly at La Salette. 3. Sir Walter Ra-
leigh at Sherborne. 4. Manners and Morals of
the University of Cambridge during the last
Century. 5. English Sketches by Fc reign Ar-
tists— Max Schlesinger's Saunterings in and
about London. 6. Richard Baxter's Pulpit at
Kidderminster (with a Plate). 7. Cambridge
Improvements, 1853. 8. The Toxaris of Lucian .
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban : English
Physicians in Russia — Knights Banneret —
Sir Constantine Phipps and Sir William Pliips
— Diaries of Or. Stukeley, &c. With Notes of
the Month ; Historical and Miscellaneous Re-
views; Reports of Antiquarian and Literary
Societies; Historical Chronicle; andOmTuARY,
including Memoirs of the Queen of Portugal,
the Duke of Beaufort, the Countess of New-
burgh, Lord Cloncurry, Rear-Adm. Pasco,
Bickham Escntt. Esq., Wm. Gardiner. Esq.,
Mrs. Opie, Mr. Jas. Trubshaw, C.E., Mr. Sa-
muel Williams, &c. &c. Price 2s. 6rf.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

A

Just published, price 2s. 6d., sewed,

LECTURE ON THE GE-

_ NIUS, LIFE. AND CHARACTER OF
WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, delivered to the
Mutual Improvement Society of Welford. by
FREDERICK COX, ESQ., one of the Vice-
Presidents of the Society.

GEORGE BELL, London.

T. C. BROWNE, Leicester.

Just published, 12mo., 4s.

JANUS, LAKE POEMS, &c,
and other Poems, by DAVID HOLT.

London : W. PICKERING, Piccadillv ; and
GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Demy 8vo., 2s. ; cloth gilt, 3s.

THE HISTORY OF MILL-
WALL, commonly called the Isle of
Dogs ; including Notices of the West India
Docks and City Canal, and Notes on Poplar,
Blackwall, Limehouse, and Stepney. By
B. H. COWPER.

R. GLADDING, 97. & 98. Whitechapel Road.

TO ARTISTS, ENGRAVERS, PRINT-
SELLERS, ETC.

This Day, 8vo., 3s. 6rf.

THE LAWS OF ARTISTIC

I COPYRIGHT, AND THEIR DE-
FECTS. For the Use of Artists. Sculpt rs,
Engravers, Printsellers, &e. Bv D. ROtsER-
TON BLAINE, ESQ., of the Middle Temple,
Barrister-at-Law.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

WORKS BY EDWARD JESSE, ESQ.
Now Ready.

JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE.

t) Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s.

JESSES NATURAL HIS-
TORY. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s.

JESSE'S FAVOURITE

nAUNTS. With Twenty Woodcuts. Post
8vo. 12s.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

JUST PUBLISHED. — A CA-

fj TALOGUE of VALUABLE BOOKS,
including a portion of the Lihrarv of the
RIGHT HON. WARREN HASTINGS, now
on Sale by THOMAS KERSLAKE, Book-
seller, Bristol. (Franked for One Postage
Stamp.)

VIEWS IN LONDON.

STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC

PICTURES.

BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET
STREET. OPTICIANS and PHILO-
SOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, in-
vite attention to their Stock of STEREO-
SCOPES of all Kinds, and in various Materials;
also, to their New and Extensive Assortment
of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the
same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER,
and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PIC-
TURES on GLASS, including Views of
London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These
Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth
in the Representation of Natural Objects, arc
unrivalled.

*** " Familiar Explanation of the Pheno-
mena" sent on Application.

PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.

One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth,
price e.s.

T*HE ETYMOLOGICAL COM-

1 PENDIHM; or. PORTFOLIO OF
ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS : relating to
Language, Literature, and Government.
Architecture and Sculpture.
Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Disco-

veri-s.
Articles of Dress, &c.
Titles. Dignities, &c.
Names, Trades, Professions.
Parliament, Laws, &-e.
Universities and Religious Sects.
Epithets and Phrases.
Remarkable Customs.
Games, Field Sports.
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.
Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.

By WILLIAM FULLEYN.
The Third Edition, revised and improved,

By MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.
" The additions to this book indicate the
editor to be his father's own son. He deals in
folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular
sayings, and has an eye to all things curious
and note-worthy. The book tells everything."
— Gentleman's Magazine.

" The book contains avast amount of curious
information and useful memoranda."— Lite-
rary Gazette.

" An invaluable manual of amusement and
information." — Morning Chronicle.

"This is a work of great practical usefulness.
It is a Notes andr Queries in miniature. . . .
The revision which the present editinn of it has
undergone has greatly enhanced its original
value." — Era.

London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

NOW READY, MR. DOD'S PEERAGE, &c.

New Ed;tion for 1854 ; thoroughly revised, with
many Improvements.

PEERAGE, BARONETAGE,
KNIGHTAGE, &c.,for 1851 (Fourteenth
Year) : by CHARLES R. DOD, Esq., Author
of" The Parliamentary Companion," "Elec-
toral Facts," &c. Fcp. 8vo., handsomely
bound in cloth, gilt.

WniTTAKER & CO., Ave- Maria Lane.

Jan. 7. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

23

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. T. Grisseil, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. J. Hunt, Esq.

MP. J- A- Lethbndge.Esq.

G. H. Drew, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq.

W. Evan», Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq.

W. Freeman, Esq. J. B. White, Esq.

F. Fuller, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq.

J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. s George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ins a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Hates of Premium for Assuring
10W.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits:—

£ s. d.
- 2 10 8

Age

£ I. d.

Age

17 -

- 1 14 4

32-

22-

- 1 18 8

37-

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F Jt.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition,
With material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Laud Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,

DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
witli the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
»11 Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17. 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 sruineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2i.,3Z., and il. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

XYLO- IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Pho-
tographic Establishments. — The superiority of this preparation is now universally ac-
knowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day,
warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces
uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate
Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions
for use.

Cautiow Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W.

THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.

The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature
and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS. CHEMIiT, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure
Photo<Tai>hic Chemicals: and maybe procurtd of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at is., 2s.,
and 3s. 6rf. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard ; and MESSRS.
BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdou Street, Wholesale Agents.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAME-
RAS. -OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED
DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
is superior ti every other form of Camera,
for the Photographic Tourist, from its capa-
bility of Elongation or Contraction to any
Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its
adaptation for taking either Views or Por-
traits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tri-
pod Stands, Printing Frames, ic., maybe ob-
tained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte
Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c, made to order
or from Drawings.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKIN& CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

A

PHOTOGRAPHY.

COMPLETE SET OF AP-

_. PARATUS for il. is., containing an
Expanding Camera, with warranted Double
Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable
Stand, Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and
Baths, complete.

PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achro-
matic combination, from H. 12s. 6d.

LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Ad-
justment, from 25s.

A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting
Art, Is., by post free. Is. Gd.

French Polished MAHOGANY STEREO-
SCOPES, from 10s. 6<Z. A large assortment of
STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same
in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, at
equally low prices.

ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.

Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MI-
CROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement
and apparatus, complete from 3?. 15s., at

C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical In-
strument Warehouse, 244. High Holborn (op-
posite Day & Martin's).

Important Sale of Rare Books, Books of Prints,
and Illuminated Manuscripts.

MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY
& JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers
of Literary Property and Works illustrative of
the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at
their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on
MONDAY, January 9, 1851, and Three follow-
ing Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, an Important
COLLECTION of RARE BOOKS, Books of
Prints, Illuminated and Historical Manu-
scripts, from the Library of a distinguished
Amateur, deceased : — comprising. The Grand
Work on Egypt, executed under the munifi-
cent direction of Napoleon I., the original
edition on vellum paper, 23 vols. ; The Beau-
tiful and Interesting Series of Picturesque
Voyages by Nodier, Taylor, and De Cailleux ;
Barker, Webb et Berthelot, Histoire Naturelle
des lies Canaries, a magnificent work, in 10
vols, with exquisitely coloured plates ; Alg^rie,
Historique, Pittoresque et Monumentale,
5 vols, in 3 ; Le Vaillant, Histoire Naturelle
des Oiseaux. on vellum paper, the plates beau-
tifully coloured, 3 vols. ; Melling, Voyage
Pittoresque de Constantinople, 2 vols, in 1 j
Montfaucon, Antiquity Expliquee, avec Sup-
plement et les Monumens de la Monarchie
Fran9oise, 20 vols., a most beautiful copy, in
morocco, of the best edition, on large papier ;
Sebse Rerum Naturalium Tliesaurus, 4 vols.,
an exceedingly choice copy in rich French
morocco ; Museum Wor4eyanum, 2 vols., on
large paper ; Shaw, Illuminated Ornaments,
on large paper, the plates exquisitely illu-
minated in gold and colours ; Beroalde de
Verville, Le Moyen de Parvenir, a very fine
copy of the rarest Elzevir edition ; Cieza,
Historie del Peru, 1560-64, rare s Boccaccio, II
Decamerc e, Ven. 1492, extremely rare ; Con-
solat dels Fets Maritims, very rare j Denyaldi,
Hollo Northmanno-Britannicus, fine copy,
and very scarce ; Henninges. Theatrum Gene-
alogicum, 4 vols, in 5 ; Le Merre, R cueil des
Notes concernant les Affaires du Clerg£ de
France, 13 vols., a beautiful copy ; Mandeville,
Le Grande Lapidaire, 1561, an extremely rare
edition ; Renversement de la Morale Chr£-
tienne, rare : Verheiden in Classem Xerxis
Hispani Oratio, very rare ; Rare Works re-
lating to England ; Books of Emblems ; A
curious and interesting Volume in German,
j giving an Account of the Crusades against the
| Turks by the Christians, printed byBttmler,
i in 1482 ; Some highly interesting Historical
and other Manuscripts : Finely illuminated
Hone and Missals ; and an interesting Frag-
i merit in the Autograph of Rousseau.

To be viewed Two Days prior, and Cata-
; logues had ; forwarded Free ou receipt of Six
; Postage Stamps.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
anl pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

24

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 219.

BOOKS SUITABLE FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS,

PUBLISHED BY

MR. JOHN HENRY PARKER.

OXFORD ; and 377. STRAND, LONDON.

THE BOOK OF COMMON

PRAYER. With Fifty Illustrations, from
Designs by Ancient and Modern Artists. Se-
lected by the REV. H. J. ROSE and REV.
J. "VV. BURGOX. Tn One handsome Volume,
Svo. The Prayer- Book is printed in very large
type, with the Rubrics in red. Elegantly bound
in antique calf, with vermillion edges, 21. 2s.

DAILYCHURCH SERVICES.

In One Portable Volume, containing the
Prayers and Lessons for Daily Use : or, the
Course of Scripture Readings for the Year, au-
thorised by the Church. Also, a Table of the
Proner Lesson:! for Sundays and Ilolydays.with
References to the Pages. Price 10s. K, bound s
or 16s. in Hayday's morocco.
This volume will be found equally useful to
those who read the Church Service at home,
as for those who use it at church, as the
lessons and services for every day are dis-
tinctly marked, forming a very suitable
book for a present. It is also kept by any
respectable bookseller in a variety of ele-
gant bindings.

OF THE IMITATION OF

CHRIST. Four Books. By THOMAS a
KEMPIS. A New Edition, revised, hand-
somely print-id in few. 8vo., with Virnettes
and red floriated borders taken from the an-
cient M3S. Cloth, 5s. Also in antique calf
binding, vermillion edges, 105. 6d.

THE CALENDAR OF THE

ANGLICAN CHURCH illustrated.
With brief Accounts of the Saints who have
Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose
Images are most frequently met with in Eng-
land ; the Early Christian and Mediaeval Sym-
bols : and an Index of Emblems. With nu-
merous Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo., 10s. 6rf. ; or
bound in antique calf, 16s.

A HISTORY of the CHURCH

OF ENGLAND, to the REVOLUTION of
1«W. By the late REV. .1. B. S. CARWI-
THEN, B.D. A new Edition, edited by the
REV. W. It. B 110 WELL, M.A., 2 vols, small
*vo., 125.

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.

By JOHN BUNYAN. A New Edition,
■adapted by the REV.J.M. NEALE, M A.,
for the Use of Children of the Church of Eng-
land. Fcap. Hvo,, handsomely bound in gilt
cloth, with Woodcuts, 3s. 6d.

TRACTS FOR THE CHRIS-
TIAN SEASONS. First Scries. Four Vols.,
cloth, 18s.

TRACTS FOR THE CHRTS-

TIAN SEASONS. Second Series. Four Vols.,
cloth, 15s.

SERMONS FOR THE CHRIS-
TIAN SEASONS. A Series "f Plain Sermons
for Sunday Reading. Four Vols., fcap. 8vo.,
16s.

A PLAIN COMMENTARY

on the GOSPEL of ST. MATTHEW, with
numerous Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 67.

WILSON'S SACRA. PRI-

*VATA. From the originil MS9. Second
Edition. Feap. 8vo., antique c'.oth, red edges,
6». ; antique calf, red edges, 12s.

THE PSALTER AND THE

GOSPEL. The Life, Suffering, and Triumph
of our Blessed Lord, revealed in the Book of
Psalms. Fcap. 8vo.. uniform with the Plain
Commentary on the Four Holy Gospels. 2s.
A selection of the most striking of the pa-
rallel passages contained in the Psalter
and the Gospel.

SCOTLAND and the SCOT-
TISH CHURCH. By the REV. HENRY
C AS WALL, M. A., Vicar of Figheldean, Wilts;
Author of "America and the American
Church," &e. &c, and a Proctor in Convocation
for the Diocese of Salisbury. Fcap. 8vo., 5s.

A SHORT EXPLANATION

of the NICENE CREED, for the Use of
Persons beginning the Study of Theology. By
A. P. FORBES, D C.L., Bishop of Brechin.
Fcap. 8vo., cloth, 6s.

TEN SERMONS IN ILLUS-
TRATION OF THE CREED. By the REV.
W. G. TUPPER, Warden of the House of
Charity, Soho ; and late Scholar of Trinity
College, Oxford. Fcap. Svo. , cloth. Is.

" In his ' Sermons on the Cree 1,' Mr. Tupper
has condensed, with much painstaking, and an
evident sense of deep responsibility, the dog-
matic teaching of the Church." — Christian
Itemimbrancer.

A NEW EDITION of DAILY

STEPS TOWARD3 nEWEN. A Small
Pocket Volume, curtaining a few Practical
Thoughts on the Gospel History ; with Texts
for every Day in the Year, commencing with
Advent. Fifth Edition. In roau binding, gilt
edges, 2s. 6:f.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CA-

NAAN ; being an Account of the Mountains,
Rivers, and Towns of the 1 1 >ly Land. By the
REV. C. P. WILBRAHAM. Fcap. 8vo., with
Map, cloth. Is.

*** This Manual is particularly adapted to
the use of Parochial Schools.

TALBS ANZ> STORIES POR
CHRXSTAXA.S.

OLD CHRISTMAS. A Tale.

16mo. 6d.

THE SINGERS OF THE

SANCTUARY, and the MISSIONARY.
Two Tales. By th-3 Author of " Angels'
Work." lGmo. 2s. ad.

ANGELS' WORK ; or, the

Choristers of St. Mark's. Second Edition. 2s.

ANN ASH ; or, the History of

a Foundling. A Narrative founded on Fact.
By the Author of " Charlie Burton," "The
Broken Arm," &c. ISrao. 2s.

KENNETH ; or, the Rear

Guard of the Grand Army. By the Author of
" Scenes and Characters." " Kings of Eng-
land," " Heir of Redclyffc," &c. Second Edi-
tion. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.

SPECULATION A Tale. By

the REV. W. E. HEYGATE. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.

PASTOR OF WELBOURNE

AND HIS FLOCK. 18mo. 2s.

LITTLE MARY. Third Edi-

tion. 18mo. Is.

HENRY VERNON; or, the

Little Anglo-Indian. A New Edition. ISmo.
Is.

ADA'S THOUGHTS; or, the

Poetry of Youth. Fcap. 8vo., cloth, gilt edges,
2s. 6l1. (.Just Ready.)

SPIAil BOOKS FOR PRE-
SENTS.

THE PRACTICAL CHRIS-
TIAN'S LIBRARY : a Series of Cheap Pub-
lications for General Ciculation.

«. (f.
Learn to Die (Sutton) - - -15

Private Devotions (Spinckes) - - 1 6

The Imitation of Ch-ist (a Kemnis) - 1 0
Manual of Prayer for the Young (.Ken) n 6
The Golden Grove (.Taylor) - - 0 9

Life of Ambrose Bonwicke - - 1 0

Life of Bishop Bull (Nelson) - - 1 C

Companion to the Prayer Book - - 1 0

Selections from Hooker (Keblc) - - 1 6

Practical Christian (Sherlock). Part I.

2s. ; Part II. 2s. s 1 vol. - -40

Learn to Live (Sutton) - - - 2 0

Doctrine of the English Church (Heyhn) 0 8
Holy Living i Bp. Taylor) - -IS

Holy Dying (Bp. Taylor 1 - - 1 6

Tracts on the Church (Jones of Nay-
land) - - - -__.-*•
The Figurative Language of Holy Scrip-
ture (Jones of Naylar.d) - - 1 6
Confessions of St. Augustine - - 1 6
Exposi ion of the Ca'echism (Nicholson) 1 0
Thoughts on Relirkm (Pascal) - - 1 6
Wilson on the Lord's Supper - - 1 0
Wilson's Sacra Privata - - -10

UTTXiE BOOKS FOS PRE-
SENTS,

SELECTED FROM THE PAROCHIAL
TRACTS.

(. d.

Words of Advice and Warning, limp - 1 6

Baptism, limp - - - - 1 0

The Chief Truths, limp - - - 1 0

The Church Service, limp - - 1 6

The Holy Catholic Church, limp - 1 0

Tracts on the Ten Commandments,

limp - - - - - 1 0

Confirmation, limp - - - 1 0

The Lord's Supper, limp - - - 1 0

Meditation and Prayer, limp - - 1 0

Tracts for Female Penitents, limp - 1 6

Tracts on the Prayer Book, cloth - 3 0

Daily Oilice for the Use of Families,

roan - - - - - 1 °

Tales and Allegories, illustrated, cloth,

Kilt - - - - - 3 5

Parochial Tales, cloth, gilt - -20

Tracts for Cottagers, cloth, gilt - - 2 0

Devotions fur the Sick, cloth - - 2 6

THE PENNY POST for 1853

is now ready, bound in cloth, lettered, with.
Frontispiece, price Is. Gd.

JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.

Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
.St. Bride, in the City of London : and published by Crohos: Bbm., of No. 18S. Fleet Street, in the T

Printed by T
St. Bride, it. ...
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, January 7. 1854

: Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in tha

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

M When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 220.]

Saturday, January 14. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, 5<f.

CONTENTS.

Notes : — Page

Griffin's "Fidessa," and Shakspcare's

" Passionate Pilgrim" - - -27

Caps at Cambridge - - - - 27

Letters of Eminent Literary Men, by

Sir Henry Ellis - - - - 28

Newspaper Folk Lore - - - 29

Xing James's Irish Army List of 1689-90,

by John D'Alton - - - - 30

Minor Notes : — Authors and Publisher!
— Inscriptions on old Pulpits — Recent
Curiosities of Literature — Assuming
Names — False Dates in Water-marks
of Papers - - - - - 11

Qriiuis : —

Captain Farre - - - - 32

Marriage Ceremony in the Fourteenth

Century - - - - - 33

.Manuscript Catena - - - - 33

Minor Queries ; _ Jews and Egyptians

— Skin-flint — Garlic Sunday— Custom
of the Corporation of London — Gi ne-
ral Stokes — Rev. Philip Morant — The
Position of Suffragan Bishops in Con-
vocation — Cambridge Mathematical
Questions — Crabbe MSS._ Tilly, an
Officer of the Courts at Westminster —
Mr. Gye — Three Fleurs-de-Lys — The
Commons of Ireland previous to the
Union in 1801 — " All Holyday at Peck-
ham " — Arthur de Vere — Master of
the Nails— Nattochiis and Calchanti —
*'Nedo' the Todding" - - - 31

3Iinor Queries with Answers : —
Bridget Cromwell and Fleetwood —
Culet , - - - - - 36

Replies : —
The Asteroids or recently discovered

Lesser Planets, by the Rev. H. Walter • 36
Fmblematic Meanings of Precious Scot es

— Planets of the Months symbolised by
Precious Stones, by W. Pinkerton » 37

Non-recurring Diseases - - - 38

Milton's Widow, by J. F. Marsh - - 38

Table-turning, by J. Macray - - 39

Celtic Etymology - - - - 40

Photographic Correspondence : — The
Calotype Process : curling up of Paper
—Turner's Paper —A Practical Photo-
graphic Query - - - - 40

Replies to Minor Queries : — "Service
is no Inheritance" — Francis Browne

— Catholic Bible Society — Legal Cus-
toms — Silo — Laurie on Finance

David's Mother — Anagram — Passage
in Sophocles _B. L. M. — " The For-
lorn Hope" — Two Brothers of the
same Christian Name — Passage in

Watson— Deri vntion of " Mammet "

Ampers and —Misapplication of Terms

— Belle Sauvage — Arms of Geneva —
" Arabian Nights' Entertainments " —
Richard I. —Lord Clarendon and the
Tubwoman — Oaths — Double Chris-
tian Names — Chip in Porridge — Cla-
rence Dukedom — Prospectuses, &c. - 41

Miscellaneous i

Notes on Books, &e. - - - 45

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 46

Notices to Correspondents - - 46

Vol. IX.— No. 220.

SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
President.— His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.
Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are
informed that Copies of the Rules, List of
Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Appli-
cation for Admission, may be obtained from
the Honorary Secretary.

£ s.
Annual Subscription - - - 0 10
Composition for Life - - - 5 0
On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee
of 10s. will be required, from which those Mem-
bers who join the Society during the present
month will be exempt.

GEORGE BISH WEBB,

Honorary Secretary.
46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
—THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPKS,
Suffolk Street. Pall Mall, it now open ; in the
Morning from 10 a.ii. till half-past 4 p.m., and
in the Evening from 7 till 10. Admission Is.
Catalogue 6d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION.—An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebrated French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S I'atcnt
Process, One GuLuea ; Three extra Copies for
10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BOND STREET.

Q

UEENWOOD COLLEGE,

NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS.
Principal— GEORGE EDMONDSON.

Mathematics and Ifatural Philosophy Dr.

Thos. A. Hirst, of the Universities of Marburg
and Berlin.

Chemistry — Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in
the Laboratory of Professor Bunsen, and Che-
mical Lecturer in the University of Marburg.

Classics and History Mr. John S. Mum-
mery, L. C. P.

Modern Languages and Foreign Literature

Mr. John Haas, from M. de Fellenberg's In-
stitution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.

Geodesy. — Mr. Richard P. Wright.

Painting and Drawing. — Mr. Richard P.
Wright.

English, and Junior Mathematics. — Fre-
derick Iliff, M.A., late Scholar of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and M.C.P.

Ditto. — Mr. William Singleton.
Music.— Mr. William Cornwall.
TERMS.
For Boys under 12 years of age 40?. per asin.

from 12 to 16
above 16

50
- 60

For further information see Prospectus, to
be had of the Principal.

The First Session of 1854 commences on the
26th of January.

IN VOLUMES FOR THE POCKET, PRICE
FIVE SHILLINGS EACH.

Now ready, in Six Volumes, fcp. 8vo., price 5j„
each.

BOWDLER'S FAMILY SHAK-
SPEARE. In which nothing is added
to the Original Text ; but those Words and
Expressions are omitted which cannot with
propriety be read aloud in a Family. A New
Edition.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN.
& LONGMANS.

In 8vo. with woodcuts, price 60s. j or half
bound in rust iu, 65s.

RR ANDES DICTIONARY
1 OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND
ART. Second Edition, corrected ; with a Sup-
plement, which may be had separately, price
3s. 6d.

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN.
& LONGMANS.

NOW READY, MR. DOD'S PEERAGE, tee.

New Edition for 1851 ; thoroughly revised, witlx
many Improvements.

PEERAGE, BARONETAGE,
KNIGHTAGE, &c.,for 1854 (Fourteenth
Year) : by CHARLES R. DO D, Esq., Author
of " The Parliamentary Companion," "Elec-
toral Facts," &c. Fcp. 8vo., handsomely
bound in cloth, gilt.

WHITTAKER & CO., Ave-Maria Lane.

Just published, to be continued Monthly,
No. I., price 2s. 6d. of

THE AUTOGRAPH MISCEL-
LANY. A Collection of Interesting-
Letters of Eminent and Distinguished Charac-
ters ; with curious Public and Historical Docu-
ments, English and Foreign, executed in
Lithograph Fac-simile. Selected from the
British Museum, and from other sources.
Public and Private.

London : F. NETHERCLIFT & DURLA-
CHER, Lithographers and General Printers,
18. Brewer Street, Golden Square.

THE SACRED GARLAND, or
THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DE-
LIGHT.

" Pluck a Flower."

A New Edition of the above excellent and

popular work will shortly be published in large

type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any

respectable bookseller in town or country.

MILNER b SOWERBY, Halifax.

PHYSIOGNOMY OF IN-
SANITY A Series of Photographic

Portraits from the Life,

By DR. HUGH W. DIAMOND, F.S.A.,

with brief Medical Notes. T>> be published in-
occasional Parts, small quarto.

S. HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet Street.

26

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

PROSPECTUS AND LIST

OF THE

OXFORD POCKET CLASSICS,

A NEW SERIES OF THE GREEK AND
LATIN CLASSICS FOR THE USE OF
SCHOOLS.

The want of a good Series of Greek and Latin
Classics, suited to the Use of Schools, with the
English mode of Punctuation, and under
English Editorship, has long been felt ; and it
is a matter of wonder that our Schools should
so long have been obliged to depend on Ger-
many for accurate Greek and Latin texts.

To meet this want, the " OXFORD POCKET
CLASSICS" were commenced some years
back, and each year has added some three or
four authors to the collection.

The Series now consists of about Thirty
Volumes.

The advantages of this Series of Classics are,
that they are printed from the best texts ex-
tant ; and not only this, but each volume has,
during its progress through the press, been
superintended by some competent member of
the University. There have also been supplied,
where necessary, SUMMARIES, CHRONO-
LOGICAL TABLES, BIOGRAPHICAL
NOTICES, INDICES, and the like -aids
which are often wanting in other editions.
Lastly, they are printed in a good plain type,
and on a firm, fine paper, capable of receiving
writing inks, for notes, and at the same time
they are supplied at moderate prices.

It is hoped that the advantages which the
"OXFORD POCKET CLASSICS" possess
over other Series will not fail to increase the
circulation which they have already attained
in both our public and private Schools, as also
in our Universities.

PRICES OF THE OXFORD POCKET
CLASSICS.

Paper. Bound.

». d. $. d.

JEschylus - - - 2 6 3 0

Aristophanes. 2 vols. - - 5 0 6 0

Aristotelis Ethico - - 1 6 2 0

Cassar - - - -20 26

Cornelius Nepos - - 1 0 14
Demosthtnes de Corona et

.lEschines in Ctesiphontem 16 2 0

Euripides. 3 vols. - - 5 0 6 6

Tragcedise Sex - 3 0 3 6

Herodotus. 2 vols. - - 8 0 6 0

Homeri Ilias - - - 3 0 3 6

Odyssea - - 2 6 3 0

Iloratius - - - -16 20

Juvenalis et Persius - - 1 0 16

Livius. 2 vols. - - - 5 0 6 0

Lu -anus - - - -20 26

Lucretius - - - 2 6 3 0

Phaedrus - - - -10 14

Sallustius - - - 1 6 2 0

Sophocles - - - 2 6 3 0

Tacitus. 2 vols. - - 4 0 5 0

Thucydides. 2 vols. - - 4 0 5 0

Virgilius - - - -20 26

Xenophontis Memorabilia - 1 0 14

POETJ2 SCENICI GR^ECI, 19s. paper,
21s. bound.

A Liberal Discount is allowed from these
prices to Schools, and where Numbers are re-
quired.

Short Notes to accompany the Texts of the
OXFORD POCKET CLASSICS are now in
course of publication, calculated as well for the
use of schools as for the junior members of the
Universities.

Of SOPHOCLES are already published :

i. d.
The AJAX (including the Text) - 1 0

The ELECTRA (ditto) - - - 1 0

The G3DIPUS REX (including the

Text) - - - - - 1 0

The 02DIPUS COLONEUS - -10

The other Plays are in preparation.

Of ^ESCHYLUS is already published,

The PROMETHEUS VINCTU9 (with

Text), Is.; theSEPTEMCONTKATHEBAS,

Is. ; the PERS^E, Is.

The other Flays are in preparation.

The Six Plays of EURIPIDES are also in
preparation.

JOHN HENRY PARKER. Oxford ; and
337. Strand, London.

AKCHJEOLOGICAI WORKS

JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,

FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LON-
DON.

AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL

INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods.
1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth, illustrated by nu-
merous Engravings, comprising upwards of
five hundred objects.

A NUMISMATIC MANUAL.

1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.

»** The Plates which illustrate this Vo-
lume are upon a novel plan, and will, at a
glanc", convey more information regarding
the types of Greek, Roman, and English Coins,
than can be obtained by many hours' careful
reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving
being given of that which is already an enigma
to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic
features of the Coin are dissected and placed by
themselves, so that the eye soon becomes fa-
miliar with them.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATA-

LOGUE «f Rare and Unedited Roman Coins.
from the Earliest Period to the takingof Rome
under Consttntine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo.,
numerous Plates, 30s.

COINS OF THE ROMANS

relating to Britain. 1 vol.8vo. Second Edition,
with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d.

ANCIENT COINS of CITIES

and Princes, Geographically arranged and de-
scribed, containing the Coins of Hispania,
Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of several
hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18».

NEW TESTAMENT, Numis-

matic Ulustrations of the Narrative Portions
of the. — Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from
the original Coins in various Public and Pri-
vate Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. 6d.

AN INTRODUCTION TO

THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN
COINS. In 1 vol. fcp. 8vo., with numerous
Wood Engravings from the original Coins,
price 6s. 6d. cloth.

Contents :— Section 1. Origin of Coinage-
Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3.
Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman
Coinage— Consular Coins. 5. R Oman Imperial
Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient
British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage.
9. Fnglish Coinage from the Conquest. 10.
Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12.
Anglo-Gall;c Coins. 13. Continental Money
in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representa-
tives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and
Modem Times. 16. Table of Prices of English
Coins realised at Public Sales.

TRADESMEN'S TOKENS,

struck in London and its Vicinity, from the
year 1648 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the
Originals in the Collection of the British Mu-
seum, &c. 15s.

REMAINS OF PAGAN

SAXONDOM. principally from Tumuli in
England. Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at
2s. 6d. With coloured Plates.

A GLOSSARY OF PROVIN-
CIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in
Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s.

THE NUMISMATIC CHRO-

NICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d.
each Number.

Lately published, in seven volumes, medium
8vo., price 2?. 3s. in sheets ; and in seven
poeket volumes, price \l. Is. in sheets.

THE HISTORY OF THE
GRAND REBELLION AND CIVIL
WARS IN ENGLANn. By EDWARD,
EARL OF CLARENDON.

Also in one volume, royal 8vo., price 11 in

sheets.

THE HISTORY OF THE RE-
BELLION, together with the Life of Claren-
don, written by himself, in whi<:h is included a
Continuation of his History of the Urand Re-
bellion.

*** In these editions the Original Manu-
script of the noble author, deposited in the
Bodleian Library, has been followed through-
out, the suppressed r assages have been restored,
and the interpolations made by the first editor
have been rejected. The public, therefore, are
now in possession of the genuine text of this
important work.

OXFORD: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford,
and 377. Strand : and E. GARDNER, 7. Pa-
ternoster Row, London.

Now ready, in 12mo., price 3s.

THE IPHIGENIA in TAURIS
of EURIPIDES, explained by F. G.
SchKne. Translated from the German by the
REV. HENRY BROWNE M.A.. Canon of
Chichester. (Forming a New Volume of
ARNOLD'S SCHOOL CLASSICS.)

Lately published, in this Series,

the following PLAY S of EURIPIDES, edited,
with ENGLISH NOTES, by the REV. T. K.
ARNOLD, M.A., and the REV.H. BROWNE,
M.A.

1. MEDEA. — 2. BACCHiE.—

3. HD?POLYTUS. - 4. HECUBA. Price 3s.
each.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.

PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.

One Volume, crown Svo., bound in cloth,
price fi.f.

THE ETYMOLOGICAL COM-
PENDIUM ; or. PORTFOLIO OF
ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS : relating ta

Language, Literature, and Government.
Architecture and Sculpture.
Drama, Music, Painting, aud Scientific Disco-
veries.
Articles of Dress, ice.
Titles. Dignities. &c.
Names, Trades, Professions.
Parliament, Laws, &c.
Universities and Religious Sects.
Epithets and Phrases.
Remarkable Customs.
Games. Field Sports.
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.
Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.

By WILLIAM PULLEYN.

The Third Edition, revised and improved.

By MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.

" The additions to this book indicate the
editor to be his father's own son. He deals in
folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular
sayings, and has an eye to all things curious
and note-worthy. The book tells everything."
— Gentleman's Magazine.

" The book contains a vast amount of curious
information and useful memoranda."— Lite-
rary Gazette.

" An invaluable manual of amusement and
information." — Morning Chronicle.

" This is a work of great practical usefulness.
It is a Jfotes and Queries in miniature. . . .
The revision which the presentedition of it has
undergone has greatly enhanced its original
value. — Era.

London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

27

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 14, 18o4.

GRIFFIN'S " FIDESSA," AND SHAKSPEAKe's " PAS-
SIONATE PILGRIM."

I am the fortunate possessor of a thin volume,
entitled Fidessa, a Collection of Sonnets, by
B. Griffin, reprinted 1811, from the edition of
1596, at the Chiswick Press ; I presume, by the
monogram at the end, by Mr. S. VV. Singer.

The title of the original edition is Fidessa, more
Chaste then Kinde, by B. Griffin, Gent, at London,
printed by the Widdow Orwin, for Matthew
Lownes, 1596.

The advertisement prefixed by Mr. Singer to
the reprint states, that the original is one of the
rarest of those that appeared at the period in which
it is dated ; that he is not aware of the existence
of more than two copies, from one of which the
reprint is taken, and that the other was in the
curious collection of the late Mr. Malone.

Besides the rarity of Fidessa, Mr. Singer states
that it claims some notice from the curious reader
on account of a very striking resemblance between
Griffin's third sonnet, and one of Shakspeare's, in
his Passionate Pilgrim (Sonnet ix.).

I will transcribe both sonnets, taking Griffin's
first, as it bears the earliest date.
" Venus, and yong Adonis sitting by her,

Under a myrtle shade began to woo him :
': She told the yong-ling how god Mars did trie her,
And as he fell to her, so fell she to him.

• Even thus,' quoth she, ' the wanton god embrac'd

me,'
And then she clasp'd Adonis in her armes.
'Even thus,' quoth she, 'the warlike god unlac'd
me,'
As if the boy should use like loving charms.
But he, a wayward boy, refusde her offer,

And ran away, the beautious Queene neglecting :
Showing both folly to abuse her proffer,
And all his sex of cowardise detecting.
Oh ! that I had my mistris at that bay,
To kisse and clippe me till I ranne away ! "

Sonnet m., from Fidesta.
" Fair * Venus, with Adonis sitting by her,
Under a myrtle shade, began to woo him ;
She told the youngling how god Mars did try her,
And as he fell to her, she fell to him.

* Even thus,' quoth she, ' the warlike god embrac'd

me,'
And then she clipp'd Adonis in her arms :

• Even thus,' quoth she, ' the warlike god unlac'd

me,'
As if the boy should use like loving charms :

* The early copies read " Venus, with Adonis sitting
by her ; " the defective word was added at Dr. Farmer's
suggestion. Had he seen a copy of Fidessa, the true
reading might perhaps have been restored. (Note by
Mr. Singer.)

' Even thus,' quoth she, 'he seized on my lips,'
And with her lips on his did act the seizure ;

And as she fetched breath, away he skips,

And would not take her meaning nor her pleasure.

Ah ! that I had my lady at this bay,

To kiss and clip me till I run away !"

Sonnet ix., from Shakspeare's Passionate Pilgrim.

That the insertion of Griffin's sonnet in the Pas-
sionate Pilgrim was without Shakspeare's consent
or knowledge, is in my opinion evident for many
reasons.

I have long been convinced that the Passionate
Pilgrim was published surreptitiously ; and al-
though it bears Shakspeare's name, the sonnets
and ballads of which it is composed were several
of them taken from his dramas, and added to by
selections from the poems of his cotemporaries,
Raleigh, Marlow, and others ; that it was a book-
seller's job, made up for sale by the publisher,
W. Jaggard.

No one can believe that Shakspeare would have
been guilty of such a gross plagiarism. Griffin's
Fidessa bears date 1596 : the first known edi-
tion of the Passionate Pilgrim was printed for
W. Jaggard, 1599. It has no dedication to any
patron, similar to Shakspeare's other poems, the
Venus and Adonis, the Rape of Lucrece, and the
Sonnets ; and why it bears the title of the Pas-
sionate Pilgrim no one has ascertained.

But I am losing sight of the object I had in
view when I took up my pen, which was, through
the medium of " N. & Q.," to request any of its
readers to furnish me with any particulars of
B. Griffin, the author of Fidessa.

Mr. Singer supposes him to have been of a
Worcestershire family : as he addresses his " poore
pamphlet" for patronage to the gentlemen of the
Innes of Court, he might probably have been bred
to the law.

Perhaps your correspondents Cuthbert Bede,
or Mr. Noake, the Worcestershire rambler, might
in their researches into vestry registers and parish
documents, find some notice of the family. I am
informed there was a gentleman of the name
resident in our college precincts early in the
present century, that he was learned and respected,
but very eccentric. J. M. G.

Worcester.

CAPS AT CAMBRIDGE.

At the congregation in the Senate House at
Cambridge, Nov. 28, presided over by the Prince
Chancellor, it was observed that the undergra-
duates in the galleries (for want I suppose of an
obnoxious Vice-Chancellor or Proctor upon whom
to vent their indignation) poured it forth in yells
and groans upon those members of the senate who
kept on their hats or caps. The same has been
done on several former occasions. It probably

•28

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

arises from a mistake, in ascribing to the gaucherie
of individuals what is really the observance of a
very ancient custom. The following extract, from
an unpublished MS. of the middle (I think) of
the seventeenth century, in which the custom is
incidentally noticed, will serve for a conflrmation
of what I say :

"When I was regent,' the whole house of congre-
gation joyned together in a petition to the Earle of
Pembroke to restore unto us the jus pileorum, the
licence of putting on our cappes at our publicke meet-
ings; which priviledge time and the tyrannie of our
vicechancellours had taken from us. Amongst other
motives, we use the solemne forme of creating a Mr in
the Acte by putting on his cappe, and that that signe
of libertie might distinguish us which were the Regents
from those boyes which wee were to governe, which
request he graciouslie granted."

This was written by an M.A. of Oxford. At
•Cambridge we have not hitherto had such haughty
despots in authority, to trample upon our rights ;
but we seem to be in danger of losing out jus pile-
orum through " the tyrannie," not of our Vice-
Chancellors, but "of those boyes which wee are
to governe." A Regent M.A. of Cambridge.

Lincoln's Inn.

letters of eminent literary men.

(Continued from p. 8.)

IV.

Dr. John Ward, Professor of Grcsham College, to
Dr. Cari/, Bishop of Clonfert.

[MS. Donat., Brit. Mus., 6226, p. 16.]

My Lord,

While there was any expectation of your Lord-
ship's speedy return to England, I forbore to con-
gratulate you on your late promotion. For though
none of your friends could more truly rejoice at
this news than I did, both on your own account,
and that of the public ; yet in the number of com-
pliments which I was sensible you must receive on
that occasion, I chose rather to be silent for fear
of being troublesome. But as I find it is now
uncertain, when your affairs may permit of your
return hither, I could not omit this opportunity
by your good Lady to express my hearty congra-
tulation upon the due regard shown by the Govern-
ment to your j.ust merit ; and shall think it an
honour to be continued in your esteem as ultimus
amicorum.

I. doubt not but your Lordship has seen Mr.
Horsley's Britannia Romano advertised in some of
our public Papers ; but I know not whether you
have heard that the author died soon after he had
finished the work, before its publication. When it
was hoped that the credit of this book might have
been of some service to him and his large family,

he was suddenly and unexpectedly taken off by
an Apoplexy. Such is the uncertainty of all
human affairs. That your Lordship may be long
preserved in your high station for the good of the
Protestant Religion, and the support of public
liberty, are the sincere wishes of,

My Lord,
Your Lordship's obed' Serv*.

John Ward.
Greshnm College,
April 24, 1732.

Mr. Michael Mattaire to the Earl of Oxford.

1736, Oct. 21. Orange Street.
My Lord,

After my most humble thanks for the continu-
ation of Westminster Elections' you was so kind
as to give me, I must acquit myself of my promise ;
and therefore I herewith send your Lordship a
copy transcrib'd exactly from the MS. given me
by Dr. South himself of his verses upon West-
minster School, with his name, and the year sub-
scribed at bottom. They were indeed publish'd
among his Opera Posthuma Latina Anon. 1717, by
Curl, after his impudent way of dealing with dead
authors' works ; and sometimes also with those of
the living.

Curl's printed copy differs from the MS. in these
following places :

Vers.

Curl.

MS.

5.

Multum.

Late.

16.

Et.

dum.

21.

ubi regnat.

quod regnet.

2:3.

a?mnla.

a;mula, but over it ardua

25.

dirigit.

digerit.

26.

nitent.

micant.

29.

studiosae.

studiosa.

30.

ilia.

ipsa.

83.

lumen.

Luccm.

Your Lordship by this may see how much this
sawcy fellow has abused this learned man's fine
copy of verses ; and how justly he deserved the
correction which was inflicted on him at that
school.

By the tenth Distich it appears that the School
(containing then Tercentum juvenes) was managed
by three Masters onely : and, for aught we know,
might flourish pretty well, though it had not twice
that number.

Give me leave, my Lord, to subscribe myself
with profound respect,

Your Honor's

most oblig'd, most obedient,
and most humble Serv*.

M. Maittaire.

"IK INCLYTAM SCHOLAM REGIAM WESTMONASTERIENSEM.

Reginne fundata manu, Regina scholarum ;
Quam Virgo extruxit, Musaq; Virgo colit.

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

29

Inconfusa Babel, Unguis et mole superba ;

Celsior et fama, quam fuit ilia situ.
Gentibus et Unguis late celebrata ; tacere

De qua nulla potest, nee satis ulla loqui.
Opprobria exuperans, pariterq; encomia : Linguis

Et tot laudari digna, quot ipsa doces.
Haebrrcus Grascusq; uno cernuntur in Anglo ;

Qui puer hue Anglus venerat exit Arabs.
Tercentum hie florent juvenes : mihi mira videtur

Tarn numerosa simul, tarn quoque docta cohors.
Sic numero bonitas, numerus bonitate relucet ;

Ut Stellas pariter lux numerusq; decet.
Arte senes, annis pueros mirabitur hospes;

Dura stupet, in pueris nil puerile videns.
Consurgit, crescitq; puer, velut Hydra sub ictu;

Florescitq; suis sa?pe rigatus aquis.
Stat regimen triplici fasces moderante magistro ;

Doctaq; Musarum regna Triumvir habet.
Scilicet lias inter sedes quod regnet Apollo,

Optime Apollineus comprobat ille Tripos,
artlua
Sic super invidiam sese effert oemula ; nullis

Invida, sed cunctis invidiosa scholis.
Inde in septenas se digerit ordine classes;

Dispositre, septem, quag velut Astras, micant.
Discit et Authores propria inter moenia natos;

Et generosa libros, quos legit, ipsa parit.
Instar Araneola; Studiosa has exhibet artes;

Quas de visceribus texuit ipsa suis.
Literulas docet hie idem Prasceptor et Author,

Idem discipulis Bibliotheca suis.
Accipit hie lucem, non ultra. ca?cus, Homerus :

Hue venit a Scythicis Naso reversus agris.
Utraq; divitijs nostris Academia crescit ;

Use Schola ad implendas sutficit una duas.
Sic Fons exiguus binos excurrit in Amnes :

Parnassi geminus sic quoque surgit Apex.
Huic collata igitur, quantum ipsa Academia praestat :

Die, precor; Haec doctos accipit, Ilia facit.

Rob. South.
Ann. Dom. 1652,
aut 1653."

[MS. Harl. 7025, fols. 184, 185.]

VI.

The Earl of Orrery to Mr., afterwards Dr.,

Thomas Birch.

[Addit. MS., Brit. Mus., 4303, Art. 147. Orig.~\

Caledon, Sept. 21, 1748.
Dear Sir,

It either is, or seems to be, a long time since I
heard from you. Perhaps you are writing the
very same sentence to me ; out as the loss is on
my side, you must give me leave to complain.

This summer has passed away in great idleness
and feasting : so that I have scarce looked into a
book of any sort. Mrs. Pilkington and Con.
Philips, however, have not escaped me. I was
obliged to read them to adapt myself to the con-
versation of my neighbours, who have talked upon
no other topic, notwithstanding the more glorious
subjects of Peace, and Lord Anson's voyage. The

truth is, we are better acquainted with the stile of
Con. and Pilky, than with the hard names and
distant places that are mentioned in the Voyage
round the World.

I have not peeped into the Anti-Lucretius : it
is arrived at Caledon, and reserved for the longest
evenings. Carte's voluminous History is weighing
down one of my shelves. He likewise is postponed
to bad weather, or a fit of the gout. Last week
brought us the first Number of Con's second
volume. She goes on triumphantly, and is very
entertaining. Her sister Pilkington is not so for-
tunate. She has squandered away the money she
gained by her first volume, and cannot print her
second. But from you, I hope to hear of books of
another sort. A thin quarto named Louthiana is
most delicately printed, and the cuts admirably
engraved : and yet we think the County of Louth
the most devoid of Antiquities of any County in
Ireland. The County of Corke is, 1 believe, in
the press ; and I am told it will be well executed.
I have seen the County of Waterford, and approve
of it very much. These kind of Books are owing
to an Historical Society formed at Dublin, and of
great use to this kingdom, which is improving in
all Arts and Sciences very fast : tho' I own to you,
the cheapness of French Claret is not likely to
add much at present to the encrease of literature.
If all true Hibernians could bring themselves to be
of your opinion and Pindar's, the glorious memory
of King William might keep the head cool, and
still warm the heart ; but, alas, it sets both on fire :
and till these violent fits of bacchanalian loyalty
are banished from our great tables, I doubt few
of us shall ever rise higher in our reading than
the Memoirs of that kind I first mentioned.

I am, Dear Sir, and so is all my family, truly

Yours,

Orrery.
To the Rev. Mr. Thomas Birch,

at his House in

Norfolk Street,

London.

Free (Boyle).

KEWSPAPER FOLK LORE.

The following paragraph is now going the round
of the newspapers without reference to the source
of information. I copy it from the Morning
Chronicle of Friday, December 9.

" Escape of a Snake from a Man's Mouth. — An ex-
traordinary circumstance occurred a few days ago to
Jonathan Smith, gunner's mate, who was paid off at
Portsmouth on the 6 th of May last, from her Majesty's
ship Hastings, 72 guns, on her return to England from
the East Indies. He obtained six weeks' leave. On
the expiration of that time, after seeing his friends at
Chatham, he joined the Excellent, gunnery-ship at
Portsmouth. After some time he was taken unwell,

30

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

his illness increased, and he exhibited a swelling in his
stomach and limbs. The surgeon considering that it
arose from dropsy, he was removed into Haslar Hos-
pital, and after much painful suffering, although he had
«very attention paid to him by the medical officers of
the establishment, he died. Two hours before his
death a living snake, nine inches in length, came out of
his mouth, causing considerable surprise. How the
reptile got into his stomach is a mystery. It is sup-
posed that the deceased must have swallowed the
reptile when it was young, drinking water when the
Hastings was out in India, as the ship laid for some
time at Trincomalee, and close to a small island called
Snake Island. The crew used very often to find snakes
on board. The way they used to get into the ship was
by the cable, and through the hawsers into the fore-
castle. The deceased was forty years of age. He was
interred in Kingston churchyard. His remains were
followed to the grave by the ship's company of the
Excellent."

The proverbial wisdom tff the serpent is here
clearly exemplified. It has long been well known
among sailors that rats have the sense to change
their quarters when a vessel becomes cranky ;
whence I believe arises the epithet " rat," which
is sometimes scurrilously applied to a politic man
who removes to the opposition benches when he
perceives symptoms of dissolution in the ministry.
The snake, in the simple narrative above quoted,
was evidently guided by some such ^prudential
motive when he quitted the stomach of the dying
sailor, which could not continue for any great
length of time to afford protection and support to
the cunning reptile.

I have an amiable friend who habitually swallows
with avidity the tales of sea-serpents which are
periodically imported into this country on American
bottoms, and I have sufficient credulity myself to
receive, without strict examination into evidence,
the account of the swarming of the snakes up the
cables into a ship ; but I cannot so readily believe
that " considerable surprise " was caused in the
mind of any rational biped by the fact that a
living snake, which had attained to the length of
nine inches, took the very natural precaution to
come out of a dying man's mouth.

How the reptile got into his stomach is a
mystery which the newspaper writer has attempted
to clear up, but he has not attempted to explain
how the reptile managed to live during many
months in so unusual a habitation as a man's
stomach.

Some obliging correspondent of " N. & Q." will
perhaps have the kindness to explain this remark-
able fact in natural history. A Londoner.

king james's irish army list or 1689-90.

In last September I undertook a literary pro-
ject, which I think could be greatly aided through
the medium of " N. & Q.," as there are few families
in the empire that are not connected with its de-
tails, and who might therefore be expected to feel
interested in them. The project I allude to is a
publication of King James's Irish Army List of
1689-90. King I must call him in reference to
that list. Those that appear upon it were many
his creedmen, and all his devoted adherents. The
list, of which I have a copy in MS., extends over
thirty-four pages octavo. The first two are filled
with the names of all the colonels ; the four en-
suing are rolls of the regiments of horse ; the four
next, of the dragoons; and the remaining twenty-
four record the foot : each regiment being ar-
ranged, with the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and
major at head, and the captains, lieutenants, cor-
nets or ensigns, and quarter-masters, in columns,
on each respectively. To every regiment I pro-
posed to append notices, historic and genealogical,
to the extent of, perhaps, eight hundred pages or
more, for'the compilation of which I have ample
materials in my own MS. collections. These no-
tices I propose to furnish under him of the name
who ranks highest on the list; and all the scat-
tered officers of that name will be collected in that
one article.

After an especial and full notice of such officer,
to whom the family article is attached, his parent-
age, individual achievements, descendants, &c,
each illustration will briefly glance at the gene-
alogy of that family, with, if an Irish sept, its
ancient localities ; if an English or Scotch, the
county from whence it branched, and the period
when it settled here.

I would next identify each family, so illustrated,
with its attainders and forfeitures in 1641 ;

With the great Assembly of Confederate Ca-
tholics at Kilkenny in 1646 ;

With the persons denounced by name in Crom-
well's ordinance of 1652, "for settling Ireland ;"

With the declaration of royal gratitude to the
Irish exiles who served King Charles II. "in parts
beyond the seas," as contained in the Act of Ex-
planation of 1 665 ;

With (if space allowable) those advanced by
James II. to civil offices, as sheriffs, &c, or mem-
bers of his new corporations ;

With those who represented Irish counties or
boroughs in the Parliament of Dublin in 1689 ;

With the several outlawries and confiscations of
1691, &c;

With the claims that were subsequently (in
1703) preferred as charges on these forfeitures,
and how far allowed or dismissed ;

And, lastly, as far as attainable, their achieve-
ments in the glorious engagements of the Spanish
and French Brigades :

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

31

All statements throughout being verified by
authorities.

Already have I compiled and arranged the ma-
terials for illustrating the eight regiments of horse
upon this roll, viz. Tyrconnel's, Galmoy's, Sars-
field's, Abercorn's, Luttrell's, Sutherland's, Par-
ker's, and Purcell's ; a portion of the work in
which, according to my plan, the illustrations will
be appropriated to the families of —

Aylmer. Lawless. Prendergast.

Barnewall. Luttrell. Purcel.

Butler. Matthews. Kedmond.

Callaghan. M'Donnell. Rice.

Cusack. M'Namara. Roche.

De Courcy. Meara. Sarsfield.

Dempsey. Morris. Sheldon.

Everard. Nagle. Synnott.

Gernon. O'Sullivan. Talbot.

Hamilton. O'Kelly. &c. &c.

Kearney. Plunket.

And this section (about 100 pages) is open to
inspection on appointment.

The above is but a tithe of the surnames whose
genealogical illustrations I propose to furnish.
The succeeding portions of the work, comprising
six regiments of Dragoons, and upwards of fifty
of Foot, will offer for notice, besides numerous
septs of the O's and Mac's, the An<jlo-Irish names
of-

Barry.

Eustace.

Nugent.

Bellew.

Fagan.

Power.

Bermingham.

FitzGerald.

Preston.

Burke.

FitzMaurice.

Russell.

Cheevers.

FitzPatrick.

Savage.

Cruise.

Fleming.

Segrave.

D'Alton.

Grace.

Taaffe.

Daly.

Keatinge.

Trant.

D'Arcy.

Lacy.

Tyrrel.

Dillon.

Nangle.

Wogan.

Dowdall.

Netterville.

Cum multis aliis

My inquiry touching Lord Dover, who heads
the List, has heretofore elicited much curious in-
formation ; and I confide that all who can afford
literary assistance to the undertaking, by let-
ters, inspection of documents, or otherwise, will
promptly communicate on the subject.

John D'Alton.

48. Summer Hill, Dublin.

#flmar flaXzH.

Authors and Publishers. — As " N. & Q." is,
I believe, much read by. booksellers as well as
authors, would not both parties find great advan-
tage by the latter advertising in your pages the
completion and wished-for publication of any work
on which they may have been engaged ? Pub-
lishers, in this way, might hear of works which

they would be glad to bring before the public, and
authors be spared much unnecessary and often
useless trouble and correspondence. Authors, I
know, may feel some delicacy in coming before the
world in this manner before publication, although
after that rubicon is passed, their names and pro-
ductions are blazoned on all the winds ; but as a
previous announcement in " N. & Q." may be
made anonymously, as respects the name of the
writer, although not of coui'se as regards the nature
of his work, there seems no just reason why honor-
able and beneficial arrangements may not be made
in this way as well as by any other. To me this
plan seems to offer some advantages, and I throw
out the hint for the consideration of all whom it
may concern.* Alpha.

Inscriptions on old Pulpits. — "N. & Q." has
given many kinds of inscriptions, from those on
Fonts and Door-heads down to those on Watch-
papers ; perhaps, therefore, it may not be without
its use or interest to make a beginning for a list
of inscriptions on old pulpits. The first inscrip-
tion I quote is from Richard Baxter's pulpit, of
which 1 have given a full description in Vol. v.,
p. 363. :

1. Kidderminster. Baxter's pulpit (now pre-
served in the vestry of the Unitarian Chapel).
On the panels of the pulpit :

"ALICE . DAWKS , WIDOW . GAVE . THIS."

On the front of the preacher's desk :

" PRAISE . THE . LORD."

Round the sounding-board :

" O . GIVE . THANKS . UNTO . THE . LORD . AND . CALL

UPON . HIS . NAME . DECLARE . HIS . WORSHIP

AMONG . THE . PEOPLE."

At the back of the pulpit :

"anno . 1621."

2. Suckley, Worcestershire ; round the sound-
ing-board (apparently of very old date) :

" BLESSED . ARE . THEY . THAT . HEAR . THE . WORDE . OF
GOD . AND . KEEPE . IT."

3. Broadwas, Worcestershire ; on the panels :

" WILLIAM . NOXON . AND . ROGER . PRINCE . C . W . 1632."

Round the sounding-board, the same text as at
Suckley. Cuthbert Bede, B.A.

Recent Curiosities of Literature. — Thackeray,
in the second number of The Newcomes, describes
an old lady's death as being caused from her head
having been cut with a bed-room candle. N. P.
Willis, in his Health Trip to the Tropics, speaks

[* Any assistance which we can afford in carrying
out this suggestion, which we may remark comes from
one who has had practical experience on the subject,
we shall be most happy to render. — Ed.]

32

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

of being waited on by a Carib, wbo had " no beard
except a long moustache." Professor Spalding,
of St. Andrew's, in his History of English Litera-
ture, says that the sonnets of Wordsworth " have
a perfection hardly to be surpassed." And J.
Stanyan Bigg (the "new poet"), in the December
number of Hogg's Instructor, exclaims :

*' The winter storms come rushing round the wall,
Like him who at Jerusalem shriek'd out ' Wo !'"

CUTIIBERT BEDE, B.A.

Assuming Names. — Last Term, in the Court of
Exchequer, application was made by counsel to
add a surname to the name of an attorney on the
roll ; he having been left property with a wish
expressed that he should take the surname in
addition to his own, which he had done, but not
by royal license. The court granted the applica-
tion. (Law I'imes, vol. xxii. p. 123.) Anon.

False Dates in Water-marks of Papers. — Lately,
in cutting up some paper for photographic pur-
poses, I found in one and the same quire two
sheets without any mark, two of the date 1851,
nine bearing the date 1853, and the remaining
eleven were 1854. I can imagine a case might
occur in which the authenticity of a document
might be much questioned were it dated 1853,
when the paper would be presumed not to have
been made until a year afterwards. I think this
is worth making a note of not only by lawyers,
but those interested in historical documents.

H. W. D.

Jan. 2, 1854.

Qucrfaf.

CAPTAIN EARRE.

I send you a Note and a Query respecting the
same person. Many years since, I passed a few
days in one of the wildest spots in the south of
England — Ilawkley, in the neighbourhood of Sel-
bourne. On a visit to the church of Emshott or
Empshot, I heard that the screen had been pre-
sented by a Captain Farre, whose memory was in
some way connected with the days of the republic ;
and on farther inquiry tradition, it appeared, had
come to the conclusion that Farre had been one
of the regicides who had retired into the neigh-
bourhood, and lived and died there in a sort of
concealment. I found out, also, the house in which
he had lived : a pretty modest cottage, in which
a small farmer resided. I was struck, on ap-
proaching it, by the beauty of the brick-work of
the little porch, which appeared to have been an
addition to the original building. On entering
the cottage, I found that the kitchen and bed-room
only were occupied by the family ; the one room,
which had been the sitting-room, being used as a

granary. The ceiling of this room was ponderous,
with a deep rich sunken panelling. The little-
porch-entrance and the ceiling of this room were
so out of character with the cottage, and indeed
with all around, that I caused search to be made
in the Registers of the parish to see if I could
find some trace of this Captain Farre ; and I now
gend you the result. There was no regicide of
that name ; but Col. Phaer was one of those to
whom the warrant for the execution of Charles
was addressed : and he certainly was not one of
the twenty-nine subsequently tried for the high
treason as it was called. What became of him I
know not. Whether he reappeared here as Capt.
Farre, or who Capt. Farre was, I shall leave to
the speculation of the better informed. There
were many Farrs and Phaers out in the great
Revolution, and the name is sometimes spelt one
way, sometimes the other. Empshot, under Nore
Hill or Noah Hill, was certainly an excellent place
for concealment. The neighbourhood was, and is,
as White said, " famous for its oaks, and infamous
for its roads."

Extracts from the Parish Registers.
" Captaine Farre of Nore, when our church was
repaired, gave the new silke cushion and pullpit cloathr
which was first used on Christmas Day, Anno Domini
1664.'*

" 1683, Feb. 5. Anne Baker, kinswoman of Capt.
Farre, was buried, and that very day the moone was
new, and the snow thawed ; and the frost broke, which
had lasted from Nov. 26, 1683, to that day, which is
10 weeks. The ponds were frozen 2 feet, and that little
water which was, was not sweet ; the very grave wherein
she was buried in the church was froze almost 2 feet
over, and our cattel were in a bad case, and we fared
worse : and, just in our extremity, God had pitty on
us, and sent a gracious raine and thaw. She was
buried in linnen ; and paid 50s. to the poore, and 6s. 8d.
for being buried in the church."

" 1685, April 1. Mrs. Farre was buried in linnen,
and pd 50*. to the poore."

"1694. John, son of Mr. John Palmer and Eliza-
beth his wife, was born Tuesday, May the 1st, and
baptized at home May the 11th; y° Captaine died
Thursday last, y" day before."

" An Account of the Briefe for the Relief of the French
Protestants, read May 16th, at Newton, 1686.

At Noare in Newton.

Capt. Mr. Robert Farre gave 1 lib. for himself, and
his kinswoman Mrs. Elizabeth Farre.

His man Roger
His maid Anna

1*.

6d."

" Gathered towards the relief of the French Pro-
testants, May 11, 1688 :

Captain Far and Mrs. Elizabeth Far, 5s."

C. F.

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

33

MARRIAGE CEREMONY IN THE FOURTEENTH

CENTURY.

Will some one of your correspondents (learned
In such matters) refer me to a work treating of
the marriage ceremony as performed in this
country during the fourteenth century, in order
to the explanation of the following passages, which
refer to an event in English history — the mar-
riage of Edward I.'s daughter with the Count of
Holland ? The king's writ to the Bishop of Lon-
don speaks of the marriage as about to be cele-
brated on the day after the Epiphany, upon which
day (as shown by the Wardrobe Account) the ring
was put on; but it was on the next day (the 8th)
that the princess " despons fuit," as shown by the
6ame account.

In Rymer's Fcedera, vol. i. p. 850., will be found
a writ directed to the Bishop of London (and
others) as follows :

" Quia inter Comitem Holandiae et Elizabetham,
filiam nostram carissimam, matrimonium hac proxima
die Luna;, in crastino Epiphania:, apud Gyppesivicum
solempnizari proponimus, Domino concedente," &c.

In the Household Book of King Edward I. for
the same year (Add. MS. 7965.) will be found
the following entries, p. 6. :

" Oblat p'ticipat. — Terco die Januar in ol>lat pti-
cipatis ad Missarn celebratam ad magnu altare ecclia
priorat' bi Pet in Gippewico die Nupciar Alienore de
Burgo vij.

"Pro Comitessa Holland. — Eodem die (vij Januar)
in denaf tarn positis sup libru. qui jactatis iter homines
circumstantes ad hostium in introitu ecclle Magne Pri-
eratus predci ubi comes Hollandie sub .... vit Dliam
Elizabetham filiam Regis cu anulo auri lx».

" Fratribus predicatoribus de Gippewico p . . . . sua
unius diei vidsltz viij diei Januar quo die Dim Eliza-
hethfilia R. despons fuit, p M. de Cauford, xiijs. iiijd."

B.C.

MANUSCRIPT CATENA.

About four years ago I purchased, at the sale
of the museum of Mr. George Bell of Whitehaven,
a, folio vellum MS. in Latin, written apparently
In the fourteenth century : containing a Catena,
or a series of notes on the Epistles to the Romans
and Corinthians, selected from the Fathers of the
Church, viz. Origines, Ambrosius, Gregorius, Je-
ronimus, Augustinus, Cassianus, Beda, Lambertus,
Lanfrancus, Anselmus, and Ivo Carnotensis. As
many of those authors were English, I infer that
the volume was compiled in England for some
English monastery.

The beginning of each chapter is noted on the
margin, but there is no division into verses. The
sentences, or short paragraphs of the text, are
written in vermillion, and the comments upon them

in black : those comments are generally taken from
one, but often from two or three authors; the names
of each being stated. There are large handsome
capitals at the beginning of each book, and the
initials to the paragraphs arc distinguished by a
spot of red, but there are no illuminations. Two
leaves have been cut out at the beginning of the
volume; a few at two or three places throughout
the volume, and at the end, by some former pos-
sessor. As the style of binding is very uncom-
mon, I will describe it. It was bound in oak
boards of half an inch thick ; the sheets were
sewed on thongs of white leather, similar to what
cart harness is stitched with. Instead of the
thongs being brought over the back edges of the
boards (as in modern binding), they are inserted
into mortices in the edges of the boards, and then
laced through holes, and secured with glue and
wedges. The boards were covered first with al-
lumed leather, and over that seal-skin with the hair
on. The board at the beginning of the book had
four feet, placed near the corners, of nearly an
inch in height, half an inch in diameter at the
base, and about a quarter of an inch at the point.
Each was cast in one piece, with a circular base of
about an inch and a quarter in diameter, and rising
towards the centre ; and they were each fastened
on by three pins or nails. The board at the end
of the book was ornamented with four circular
brass plates about the size of a halfpenny, placed
near the corners ; having in the centre of each a
stud, the head of which represented a prominent
close flower of four petals. And in the centre of
the board, there had been a stud or button, on
which to fasten the strap from the other board to
keep the book shut. Only one stud and one foot
remained ; but the places where the others had
been were easily seen. I presume that the volume
was meant to lie on a lectern or reading-desk,
resting on its feet; and when opened out, the
other board rested on its studs, as both were worn
smooth with use.

The binding being loose, and the cover torn to
shreds (part of which was held on by the stud),
I got the book rebound as nearly as possible in
the same manner as the first, only substituting
Russia leather for the unsightly seal-skin ; and the
remaining stud and foot afforded patterns, from
which others were cast to supply the places of
those deficient.

Nothing is known of the history of this volume,
except that it was purchased by Mr. Bell from
Alexander Campbell, a bookseller in Carlisle. I
am inclined to think, that it had belonged to some
monastery in Cumberland ; and the seal-shin cover
would seem to indicate Calder Abbey (which is
near the coast, where seals might be caught) as its
original owner.

Can any of your correspondents inform me, from
the marks which I have given, whether this is a

34

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220..

copy of some known toork or an original com-
pilation ? And if the former, state where the
original MS. is preserved ; and [(printed, the par-
ticulars of the edition ?

If my MS. can be ascertained to have formerly
belonged to any library or individual, I shall be
clad to learn any particulars of its history.

J. M. K.

Shoreham.

ffiinat tfluertrf.

Jews and Egyptians. — Has any writer ever
started the idea that the early colonisers of some of
the Grecian states, who are commonly stated to
have been Egyptians, may have been, in fact,
Jews ? It seems to me that a good deal might be
said in favour of this hypothesis, for the following
reasons, amongst others :

1. The Egyptian tradition preserved by Heca-
taeus, and quoted from him by Diodorus, that
Danaus and Cadmus were leaders of minor
branches of the great emigration, of which the
main body departed under the gtiidance of Moses.

2. The near coincidence in point of time, as far
as can be traced, of the appearance of Danaus,
Cadmus, and Cecrops, in Greece, with the Jewish
exodus.

3. The letter, preserved by Josephus, of Areus,
king of Sparta, to the high-priest of the Jews,
claiming a common descent with the latter from
Abraham, and proposing an alliance. It is difficult
to explain this claim on any other supposition than
that Areus had heard of the tradition mentioned
by Diodorus, and, as he and his people traced
their descent from Danaus through Hercules,
they consequently regarded themselves as sprung
from a common stock with the Hebrews.

I throw out this theory for the consideration
of others, having myself neither leisure nor oppor-
tunity for pushing the subject any farther ; but
still I think that a distinguished statesman and
novelist, who amused the world some years ago
by endeavouring to trace most of the eminent
men of modern times to a Jewish origin, might,
with at least as much reason, claim most of the
glories of ancient Greece for his favourite people.

J. S. Warden.

Skin-flint. — Is the word skin-flint, a miserly or
niggardly person, of English or foreign derivation?
and where is the earliest instance of the term to
be met with ? J. W.

Garlic Sunday. — The last Sunday of summer
has been heretofore a day of great importance with
the Irish, as upon it they first tried the new po-
tato, and formed an opinion as to the prospects
of the future harvest. The day was always called,
in the west in particular, " Garlic Sunday," per-

haps a corruption of Garland Sunday. Can any

one give the origin of this term, and say when

first it was introduced ? U. U.
Dublin.

Custom of the Corporation of London. — In the
evidence of Mr. Bennoch, given before the Royal
Commissioners for inquiring into the corporation
of the city of London, he stated that there is,
amongst other payments, one of 133Z. "for cloth
to the great ministers of state," the city being-
bound by an old charter to give a certain amount
of cloth annually to them. He subsequently
states that this custom is supposed to be connected
with the encouragement of the wool manufacture
in its early history ; and that four and a half
yards of the finest black cloth that the country
can produce are annually sent to the First Secre-
tary of State, the Second Secretary of State, the
Lord Chancellor, the Chamberlain of the House-
hold, the Vice-Chancellor of the Household, the
Treasurer of the Household, the Lord Steward,
the Controller," the Lord Chief Justice of the
Queen's Bench, the Lord Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, the Chief Baron of the Exche-
quer, the Master of the Bolls, the Recorder of
London, the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-
General, and the Common Sergeant.

Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." give a
more particular account of this custom ?

Cervtjs.

General Stokes. — Can any of your readers give
me any information respecting the parentage of
General Stokes ? In the historical table of re-
markable events in the Jamaica Almanack for
1847 it says: "General Stokes, with 1600 men
from Nevis, arrived and settled near Port Mo-
rant, anno Domini 1655." And in Bryan Ed-
wards' work on Jamaica and the West Indies,.
mention is made of General Stokes in the follow-
ing words :

" In the month of December, 1655, General Stokes,
with 1600 men from Nevis, arrived in Jamaica, and
settled near Port Morant. The family of the Morants
of Vere (in Jamaica) are the lineal descendants of
General Stokes, who took the name of Morant from
the port at which he landed. General Stokes was
governor of Nevis ; and on his arrival in Jamaica was
appointed one of the high commissioners for the
Island."

H. H. M.

Rev. Philip Morant. — I shall be obliged by
any information respecting the lineage of the
Rev. Philip Morant, who wrote a History of
the County of Essex; and whether he was an
ancestor of the Morants of Brockenhurst Park,
Hants. He was born at St. Saviour's, in the
Isle of Jersey, Oct. 6, 1700; entered, 1717, Pem-
broke College, Oxford. He was presented to

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

35

the following benefices in the county of Essex,
viz. Shallow, Bowells,Bromfield,Chicknal, Imeley,
St. Mary's, Colchester, Wickham Bishops, and to
Oldham in 1745. He died Nov. 25, 1770; and
his only daughter married Thomas Astle, Esq.,
F.R.S. and F. A.S. He was son of Stephen Morant.
If any of the sons or daughters of that eminent
antiquary Thomas Astle will give me any inform-
ation relative to the pedigree of Philip Morant,
M.A., they will greatly oblige me. H. H. M.

Malta.

The Position of Suffragan Bishops in Convo-
cation. — In Chamberlayne's Magna; Britannia;
Notitia, or The Present State of Great Britain,
1729, p. 73., it is said:

" All suffragan bishops and deans, archdeacons,
prebendaries, rectors, and vicars, have privileges, some
by themselves, others by proxy or by representatives,
to sit and vote in the lower house of convocation."

Is there authority for this statement as regards
suffragan bishops ? There is no writ or mandate
that I have seen for their appearance.

W. Fbaser.

Tor-Mohun.

Cambridge Mathematical Questions. — Can any
of your readers inform me whether the University
of Cambridge puts forth, by authority, a collection
of all the questions proposed to candidates for the
B. A. degree ?

If not, how can one obtain access to the ques-
tions which have been asked during the last forty
or fifty years ? Iota.

Crabbe MSS. — In some second-hand book
catalogue the following is inserted, viz., —

"1353. Crabbe (Rev. Geo., Poet), Poems, Prayers,
Essays, Sermons, portions of Plays, &c, 5 vols, entirely
autograph, together with a Catalogue of Plants, and Ex-
tracts from the second Volume of the Transactions of the
Linnean Society, 1795 (this volume only contains a few
Autograph Verses in pencil at the end). An Autograph
letter of 4 pages to the Dean of Lincoln, dated Trow-
bridge, March 31, 1815. A curious Anonymous letter
from ' Priscian ' to Mr. Murray, dated Dec. 8th, 1833,
on the Orthography of the name of the Birthplace of
the Poet, and which the writer observed in the View of
the Town of Aldeburgh in the frontispiece to the Prospectus
Mr. M. has just issued, Sfc, interspersed with some por-
traits and scraps, in 6 vols. 4to. and 8vo„ dated from
1779 to 1823, 8Z. 8s."

This is a note underneath :

" The following portion of a Prayer, evidently al-
luding to his troubles, occurs in one of the volumes
bearing date Dec. 31, 1779 : ' A thousand years, most
adored Creator, are in thy Sight as one Day. So con-
tract in my Sight my Calamities ! The Year of Sorrow
and Care, of Poverty and Disgrace, of Disappointment
and wrong, is now passing on to join the Eternal.

Now, O Lord ! let, I beseech thee, my Afflictions and
Prayers be remembered ; my Faults and Follies be
forgotten.' « O ! Thou who art the Fountain of Hap-
piness, give me better Submission to thy Decrees,
better Disposition to correct my flattering Hopes,
better Courage to bear up under my State of Op-
pression,' " &c.

Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." tell me
who possesses this ? I should very much like to
know. H. T. Bobart.

Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

Tilly, an Officer of the Courts at Westminster.
— What office did one Tilly hold in one of the
Courts at Westminster, circa 8 William III. ?
Was he Warden of the Fleet ? What were his
connexions by birth and by marriage ? Was he
dispossessed ? and if so, why ? J. K.

Mr. Gye. — Who was Mr. Guye, or Gye, who
had chambers in the Temple circa 8 Wm. III. ?

J. K.

Three Fleurs-de-Lys. — Some of your heraldic
contributors may perhaps be able to say whether
there is any instance of an English coat of arms
with three fleurs-de-lys in a line (horizontal), in
the upper part of the shield ? Such are said to
occur in coats of arms of French origin, as in that
of the celebrated Da Guesclin, and perhaps in
English coats in the form of a triangle. But
query whether, in any instance, in a horizontal
line? Devoniensis.

The Commons of Ireland previous to the Union
in 1801. — I have understood there was a work
which contained either the memoirs or sketches
of the political characters of all the members of
the last " Commons of Ireland ; " and I have heard
it was written by a Rev. Dr. Scott of, I believe,
Trinity College, Dublin. Can any reader of
" N. & Q." inform me if there be such a work ?
and if there be a biographical account of the
author to be met with ? C. H. D.

" All Holyday at Peckham." — Can any of your
correspondents inform me what is the origin of
the phrase " All holyday at Peckham ? " *

R.W.B.

Arthur de Vere. — What was the after history
of Arthur (Philipson) de Vere, son of John, Earl
of Oxford, and hero of Sir Walter Scott's novel

[* Probably some of our correspondents may know
the origin of this phrase ; and as many of them, perhaps,
are not acquainted with its meaning among the slang
literati, we may as well enlighten them with a quo-
tation from the Lexicon Balatronicum et Macaronicum
of Master Jon Bee : " Peckham, going to dinner.
' All holiday at Peckham,'1 no appetite. Peckish, hun-
gry." — Ed.]

36

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

Anne of Geierstcin ? Was Sir Walter Scott justi-
fied in saying, " the manners and beauty of Anne
•of Geiei'stein attracted as much admiration at the
English Court as formerly in the Swiss Chalet ?"

Master of the Nails. — It appears from the His-
torical Register, January, 1717, "Mr. Hill was
appointed Master of all the Nails at Chatham
Dock." Can any of your readers favour me by
stating the nature of the above office ? W. D. H.

Nattochiis and Calchanti. — A few days smce an
ancient charter was laid before me containing a
grant of lands in the county of Norfolk, of the
date 1333 (temp. Edw. II.), in which the follow-
ing words are made use of :

" Cu' omnib; gsnis t natthocouks adjacentib; " &c.

In a later portion of the grant this word is spelt
natthociis. Probably some of your learned readers
can throw some light on what is meant by the
words granis et nattochiis as being appurtenant to
marsh lands.

In a grant I have also now before me of Queen
Elizabeth —

" Decimas, calchanti, liquor, mineral, metal," &c.

are given to the grantee for a term of twenty-one
years : probably your readers can also enlighten
my ignorance of the term calchanti ; the other
words are obvious. If any authorities are to be
met with, probably in the answers to these queries
your correspondents will have the goodness to
cite them. F. S. A.

" Ned o' the Todding." — May I beg, through
the medium of your excellent publication, to ask
if any of your correspondents can inform me in
which of our English authors I may find some
lines headed " Ned o' the Todding ? " W. T.

Bridget Cromwell and Fleetwood. — Can you
inform me whether Bridget, daughter of Oliver
Cromwell, who was first married in 1651 to Ireton,
Lord Deputy of Ireland (and had by him a large
family), and secondly, to General Fleetwood, had
any family by the latter ?

And, if" so, what were the Christian names of
the children (Fleetwood) ?

A New Subscriber of 1854.

[Noble, in his Memoirs of the House of Cromwell,
vol. ii. p. 369., says, " It is most probable that Fleet-
wood had issue by his second wife Bridget, especially
as he mentions that she was in an increasing way in
several of his letters, written in 1654 and 1655. It is
highly probable Mr. Charles Fleetwood, who was
buried at Stoke Newington, May 14, 1676, was his
son by the Protector's daughter, as perhaps was Ellen

Fleetwood, buried in the same place in a velvet coffin,
July 23, 1731 ; if so, she must have been, at the time
of her death, upwards of seventy years of age."]

Culet. — In my bills from Christ Church, Ox-
ford, there is a charge of sixpence every term for
culet. What is this ? B. B. I.

[In old time there was a collection made every year
for the doctors, masters, and beadles, and this was
called collecta or culet : the latter word is now used for
a' customary fee paid to the beadles. " I suppose,"
says Hearne, " that when this was gathered for the
doctors and masters it was only for such doctors and
masters as taught arid read to scholars, of which sort
there was a vast number in old time, and such a col-
lection was therefore made, that they might proceed
with the more alacrity, and that their dignity might
be better supported." — Appendix to Hist. Rob. de Aves-
bury.~\

3ftcplt'e£.

THE ASTEROIDS OR RECENTLY DISCOVERED LESSER
PLANETS.

(Vol. vii., p. 211. ; Vol. viii., p. 601.)

Qujestor has asked me a question to which I
will not refuse a reply. If he thinks that the
breaking up of a planetary world is a mere fancy,
he may consult Sir John Herschel's Astronomy,
§ 434., in Lardner's series, ed. 1833, in which the
supposition was treated as doubtful, and farther
discoveries were declared requisite for its con-
firmation ; and Professor Mitchell's Discoveries
of Modern Astronomy, Lond. 1850, pp. 163 — 171.,
where such discoveries are detailed, and the pro-
gress of the proof is narrated and explained. It
may be briefly stated as follows : — In the last cen-
tury, Professor Bode discovered the construction
of a regular series of numbers, in coincidence
with which the distances of all the known planets
from the sun had been arranged by their Creator,
saving one exception. Calling the earth's solar
distance 10, the next numbers in the series are
16, 28, 52. The distances answering to 16 and
52, on this scale, are respectively occupied by the
planets Mars and Jupiter ; but the position of 28
seemed unoccupied. It was not likely that the
Creator should have left the methodical order of
his work incomplete. A few patient observers
agreed, therefore, to divide amongst themselves
that part of the heavens which a planet revolving
at the vacant distance might be expected to tra-
verse ; and that each should keep up a continuous
examination of the portion assigned to him. And
the result was the discovery by Piazzi, in 1801,
of a planet revolving at the expected solar dis-
tance, but so minute that the elder Herschel com-
puted its diameter to be no more than 163 miles.
The discovery of a second by Olbers, in the fol-

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

37

lowing year, led him to conjecture and suggest
that these were fragments of a whole, which, at its
first creation, had occupied the vacant position,
■with a magnitude not disproportionate to that
assigned to the other planets. Since then there
have been, and continue to be, discoveries of more
and more such fragmental planets, all moving at
solar distances so close upon that numbered 28,
a3 to pass each other almost, as has been said,
within peril ; but in orbits which seem capriciously
elevated and depressed, when referred to the
planes assigned for the course of the regular
planets ; so that, to most minds capable of appre-
ciating these facts, it will seem that Olber's con-
jecture has been marvellously confirmed.

As to the theological conjecture appended to
it in my previous communication, about which
Quaestor particularly questions me, I can only
say, that if he deems it rash or wrong, I have no
right to throw the blame of it on any other man's
shoulders, as I am not aware of its having been
hazarded by any one else. But I hope he will
agree with me, that if there has been a disruption
of a planetary world, it cannot have arisen from
any mistake or deficiency in the Creator's work
or foresight, but should be respectfully regarded
as the result of some moral cause.

Henry Walter.

EMBLEMATIC MEANINGS OF PRECIOUS STONES

(Vol. viii., p. 539.). — planets of the

MONTHS SYMBOLISED BY PRECIOUS STONES

(Vol.iv., pp.23. 164.).

The Poles have a fanciful belief that each
month of the year is under the influence of a
precious stone, which influence has a correspond-
ing effect on the destiny of a person born during
the respective month. Consequently, it is cus-
tomary, among friends and lovers, on birth-days,
to make reciprocal presents of trinkets orna-
mented with the natal stones. The stones and
their influences, corresponding with each month,
are supposed to be as follows :

January - - Garnet. Constancy and fidelity.

February - Amethyst. Sincerity.

March - - Bloodstone. Courage. Presence of

mind.

April- - - Diamond. Innocence.

May - - - Emerald. Success in love.

June - - - Agate. Health and long life.

July - - - Cornelian. Contented mind.

August - - Sardonyx. Conjugal felicity.

September - Chrysolite. Antidote against madness.

October - - Opal. Hope.

November - Topaz. Fidelity.

December - Turquoise. Prosperity.

The Rabbinical writers describe a system of
onomancy, according to the third branch of the
Cabala, termed Notaricon, in conjunction with

lithomancy. Twelve anagrams of the name of
God were engraved on twelve precious stones, by
which, with reference to their change of hue or
brilliancy, the cabalist was enabled to foretel
future events. Those twelve stones, thus en-
graved, were also supposed to have a mystical
power over, and a prophetical relation to, the
twelve signs of the Zodiac, and twelve angels or
good spirits, in the following order :

Anagrams. Stones. Signs. Angels.

HIPP Ruby. Aries. Mulchediel.

inrp Topaz.' Taurus. Asmodel. ,

nnV Carbuncle. Gemini. Ambriel.

»il)n Emerald. Cancer. Muriel.

;-piri Sapphire. Leo. Verchel.

Vnn Diamond. Virgo. Humatiel.

*nni Jacinth. Libra. Zuriel.

JliTI Agate. Scorpio. Barbieh

>J")in Amethyst. Sagittarius. Adnachiel.

in^fl Beryl. Capricornus. Humiel.

i"Pi"ll Onyx. Aquarius. Gabriel.

nVfl Jasper. Pisces. Barchiel.

These stones had also reference to the twelve
tribes of Israel, twelve parts of the human body,
twelve plants, twelve birds, twelve minerals,
twelve hierarchies of devils, &c. &c. usque ad
nauseam.

It is evident that all this absurd nonsense was
founded on the twelve precious stones in the
breast-plate of the High Priest (Exodus xxviii.
15. : see also Numbers xxvii. 28., and 1 Samuel
xxviii. 6.). I may add that in the glorious de-
scription of the Holy City, in Revelation xxi., the
mystical number twelve is again connected with
precious stones.

In the Sympatliia Septem Metallorum ac Septem
Selectorum Lapidum ad Planetas, by the noted
Peter Arlensis de Scudalupis, the following are
the stones and metals which are recorded as
sympathising with what the ancients termed the
seven planets (I translate the original words) :
Saturn - Turquoise. Lead.

Jupiter - Cornelian. Tin.

Mars - - Emerald. Iron.

Sun - - Diamond. Gold.

Venus - - Amethyst. Copper.

Mercury - Loadstone. • Quicksilver.
Moon - - Chrystal. Silver.

N". D. inquires in what works he will find the
emblematical meanings of precious stones de-
scribed. For a great deal of curious, but obso-
lete and useless, reading on the mystical and
occult properties of precious stones, I may refer
him to the following works: — Les Amours et
noveaux Eschanges des Pierres Precieuses, Paris,
1576 ; Curiositez inouyes sur la Sculpture Talis-
manique, Paris, 1637 ; Occulta Nature 3firacula,
Antwerp, 1567 ; Speculum Lapidi, Aug. Vind.,
1523 ; Les (Euvres de Jean Belot, Rouen, 1569.

W. PlNKERTON.

38

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

NON-RECURRING DISEASES.

(Vol.viii., p. 516.)

To give a full and satisfactory answer to the
questions here proposed would involve so much
professional and physiological detail, as would be
unsuited to the character of such a publication as
" N. & Q." I will therefore content myself with
short categorical replies, agreeable to the present
state of our knowledge of these mysteries of the
animal economy. It is true as a general rule that
the infectious diseases, particularly the exanthe-
mata, or those attended by eruption — the measles
for example — occur but once. But there are
exceptional cases, and the most virulent of these
non-recurrent diseases, such even as small-pox,
are sometimes taken a second time, and are then
sometimes, though by no means always, fatal.

Why all the mammalia (for, be it observed, these
diseases are not confined to the human race) are
subject to these accidents, or why the animal
economy should be subject to such a turmoil at
all, or, being so subject, why the susceptibility to
the recurrence of the morbid action should exist,
or be revived in some and not in others ; and
why in the majority of persons it should be ex-
tinguished at once and for ever, remain amongst
the arcana of Nature, to which, as yet, the physi-
ology of all the Hunters, and the animal chemistry
of all the Liebigs, give no solution.

Those persons who take note of the able, and
in general highly instructive, reports of the Re-
gistrar of Public Health, will observe that the
word zymotic is now frequently used to signify
the introduction into the body of some morbific
poisons, — such as prevail in the atmosphere, or
are thrown off by diseased bodies, or generated in
the unwholesome congregation of a crowded popu-
lation, which are supposed to act like yeast in a
beer vat, exciting ferments in the constitution, in
the case of the infectious diseases, similar to those
which gave them birth. But this explains no-
thing, and only shifts the difficulty and changes
the terms, and is no better than a modification of
the opinions of our forefathers, who attributed all
such disorders to a fermentation of the supposed
" humours " of the body. The essence of these
changes in the animal economy, like other phe-
nomena of the living principle, remain, and perhaps
ever will remain, an unfathomable mystery. It
is our business to investigate, as much as in our
power, and by a slow and cautious induction, the
laws by which they are governed.

Non-recurrence, or immunity from any future
seizure in a person who has had an infectious
disease, seems derivable from some invisible and
unknown impression* made on the constitution.

* This word is used for want of a better, to signify
some unknown change.

There is good reason to suppose that this im-
pression may vary in degree in different indivi-
duals, and in the same individual at different
times ; and thence some practical inferences are
to be drawn which have not yet been well ad-
vanced into popular view, but to which I cannot
advert unless some reader of " N. & Q." put the
question. M. (2)

MILTON S WIDOW.

(Vol. viii., p. 594. &c.)

Garlichithe's apologies to Mr. Hughes are
due, not so much for neglecting his communica-
tions as for misquoting them. We all owe an
apology to your readers for keeping up so perti-
naciously a subject of which I fear they will begin
to be tired.

Mr. Hughes has not stated that Richard Min-
shull of Chester, son of Richard Minshull, the
writer of the letter of May 3, 1656, was born in
1641. What Mr. Hughes did state (Vol. viii.,
p. 200.) was, that Mrs. Milton's brother, Richard
Minshull of Wistaston, was baptized on April 7
in that year ; and the statement is quite correct,
as I can vouch, from having examined the bap-
tismal register. Richard Minshull of Chester was
aged forty or forty-one at the date of his father's
letter, as shown below ; but even if he had been
aged only fifteen, as supposed by Garlichithe, I
do not see that there is anything in the language
of the letter to call for observation. He had con-
veyed to his father a communication from Randle
Holmes, and the father writes in answer, — "Deare
and loveing sonne, my love and best respects to
you and to my daughter [Garlichithe may read
daughter-in-law if he likes, but I see no necessity
for it], tendered wth trust of yr health. I have
reaceived Mr. Alderman Holmes his letter, to-
gether with y", wherin I understand that you
desire to know what I can say concerning our
coming out of Minshull House ;" and he proceeds
to give the information asked for.

Garlichithe, in his former communication,
confounds Randle the great-grandfather with
Randle the great-grandson, and in his present
one he confounds Richard Minshull of Chester,
the uncle, with Richard Minshull of Wistaston,
the nephew. I agree with Garlichithe that
" he, Richard, the writer of the said letter, must
be fairly presumed to have been married at the
date of such letter," which he addresses to his
"Deare and loveing sonne;" but what of that?
Whom he married, your readers are informed at
p. 595. He died in the year following his letter,
at the ripe age of eighty-six.

The misquotations noticed above would, if not
pointed out, lead to inextricable confusion of
facts ; and I am compelled therefore again to

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

39

trouble you. In order, if possible, to set the
matter at rest, I will put together in the form of
a pedigree, compressed so as to be fit for insertion
in your columns, the material facts which have
been the subject of so much discussion ; but, be-
fore doing so, permit me a word of protest against
some of the communications alluded to, which are
■carcely fair to " N. & Q."

A correspondent (Vol. vii., p. 596.) asks for in-
formation as to Milton's widow, and Mr. Hughes
(Vol. viii., p. 12.) refers him to a volume in which
will be found the information asked for, and gives
a brief outline of the facts there stated. On this
Garlichithe (Vol. viii., p. 134.), misquoting Mr.
Hughes, calls his attention to Mr. Hunter's letter,
which, if Garlichithe had availed himself of the
reference furnished to him, he would have found
duly noticed. A second correspondent, Mr. Sin-
ger, whose literary services render me unwilling
to find fault with him (Vol. viii., p. 471.), heading
his article with five references, of which not one

is correct, suggests as new evidence the very do-
cuments to which Mr. Hughes had furnished a
reference ; and a third, T. P. L. (quoting an ano-
nymous pamphlet), jumps at once to the con-
clusion that " there can be little doubt " the
author derived his information from an authentic
source, "and, if so, it seems pretty clear" — that
all the evidence supplied by heralds' visitations,
wills, and title-deeds is to be discarded as idle
fiction. Such objections as these, and the replies
which they have rendered necessary, are, with
the exception of the valuable contribution of
Mr. Arthur Paget, the staple of the contribu-
tions which have filled so much of your valuable
space.

I conclude with my promised pedigree, the
authorities for which are the Cheshire Visitation of
1663-4, and the Lancashire Visitation of 1664-5,
confirmed by the letter to Randle Holmes, and
the legal documents published by the Chetham
Society :

John Mynshull, fourth and youngest son of John Mynshull of Mynshull, married the daughter
and co-heiress of Robert Cooper of Wistaston, and founded the family subsequently settled
there, as stated in his great-grandson's letter.

Randle Mynshull of Wistaston married the daughter of Rawlinson of Crewe, as stated in his grandson's letter.

Thomas Mynshull of Wistaston married Dorothy Goldsmith of Nantwich, as stated in his son's letter.

Richard Mynshull of Wistaston married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Goldsmith of Bosworth,
in co. Leic. (who was probably maternal aunt or great-aunt to the John Goldsmith men-
tioned in Dr. Paget's will). He was the writer of the letters in 1656, and died in 1657, aged
eighty-six. He had two daughters and three sons, viz. —
I

Randle Mynshull of Wistaston married
Ann Boot, and had seven children, of
whom it will be necessary to mention
three only, viz. —

Thomas Mynshull, the apothecary of
Manchester, mentioned in Thomas
Paget's will, aged h'fty-one in 1664,
had five sons and four daughters.

Richard Mynshull, alderman of Chester,
to whom his father wrote the letter of
May 3, 1656, aged forty-seven in 1663.

Richard Mynshull, baptized April 7,
1641. On June 4, 1680, he executed
a bond, by the description of Richard
Mynshull of Wistaston, frame-work
knitter, to Elizabeth Milton of thecity
of London, widow, who, though not
stated to be his sister, was evidently
a near relative, as appears from the
contents of the bond.

Warrington.

John Mynshull appears to
have resided in Manchester,
where he was buried, May 18,
1720, and administration was
granted at Cheshire to Eliz-
abeth Milton of Nantwich,
widow, his lawful sister and
next of kin.

Elizabeth, baptized December 30, 1638, married
Milton in 1664, is described as of London in the
bond from her brother, on the occasion of her
purchase of an estate at Brindley in Cheshire ; is
described as of Nantwich in three legal documents
from 1713 to 1725; by the same description, ad-
ministered to her brother John in 1720, and made
her will on August 22, 1727, which was proved on
October 10 in the same year.

J. F. Marsh.

table-turning.

(Vol. viii., pp. 57. 398.)

One of the most distinguished men of science
in France, M. Chevreul, the editor (late or
present) of the Annates de Chimie, &c, has com-
menced a series of articles in the Journal des
Savants on the subject of the divining-rod, the
exploring pendulum, table-turning, &c, his inten-
tion being to investigate scientifically the pheno-
mena presented in these instances. Having
formerly written much on the occult sciences,
and being a veteran in experimental science,
M. Chevreul was generally deemed better quali-
fled than most men living to throw liedit on the

intervention of a principle whose influence he
thinks he has proved by his own proper experi-
ence. It will be better to quote his own lan-
guage :

" Ce principe conceme le developpement en nous d'une
action musculaire qui n'est pas le produit d'une volonte,
mais le resultat d'une pensee qui se porte sur un pheno-
mene du monde exterieur sans preoccupation de faction
musculaire indispensable a la manifestation du phenomene.
Cet enonce sera developpe lorsque nous l'appliquerons
a 1'explication des faits observes par nous, et deviendra
parfaitement clair, nous l'esperons, lorsque le lecteur
verra qu'il est l'expression precise de ces memes faits."

A farther quotation (if it should not prove too
long for " N. & Q.") from M. Chevreul's prelimi-

40

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No, 220.

nary remarks will be thought interesting by many
persons :

" Ea definitive, nous esperons montrer d'une maniere
precise comment des gens d'esprit, sous l'influence de
l'amour du merveilleux, si naturel a l'homme, fran-
chissent la limite du connu, du fini, et, des lors, com-
ment, ne sentant pas le besoin de soumettre a un
examen reflechi l'opinion nouvelle qui leur arrive sous
le cachet du merveilleux et du sumaturel, i!s adoptent
soudainement ce qui, etudie froidement, rentrerait dans
le domaine des faits aux causes desquels il est donne
a l'homme de remonter. Existe-t-il une preuve plus
forte de l'amour de l'homme pour le merveilleux, que
1'accueil fait de nos jours aux tables tournantes ?
Nous ne le pensons pas. Plus d'un esprit fort, qui
accuse ses peres de credulite en rejetant leurs traditions
religieuses contemporains de Louis XIV., out repousse
comme impossible un traite de chimere. Ce fait con-
firme ce que nous avons dit de la credulite a propos de
VEssai sur la Magle d'Eusebe Salverte, car si l'esprit
fort qui repousse la revelation ne s'appuie pas sur la
methode scientifique propre a discerner l'erreur de la
verite, Uncertain du fait demontre, il sera sans cesse
expose a adopter comme vraies les opinions les plus
bizarres, les plus erronees, ou du moins les plus con-
testables."

The two articles hitherto published by M.
Chevreul in the Journal des Savants for the months
of October and November, extend only to the first-
mentioned subject of these inquiries, the divining-
rod. The world will probably wait with some
impatience to learn the final views of so eminent
a scientific man. J. Macray.

Oxford.

CELTIC ETYMOLOGY.

(Vol. viii., pp. 229. 551.)

Your correspondent is a very Antams. He has
fallen again upon uim, and he rises up from it to
defend the Heapian pronunciation with renewed
vigour. But I cannot admit that he has proved
the pedigree of humble from the Gaelic.

But, even if uim were the root of a Sanscrit
word, and not itself a derivative, still the many
stages through which the derivation undoubtedly
passes, without any need of reference to the
Gaelic, are quite enough to establish the exist-
ence and continuance of an aspirate, until we
arrive at the French ; and it has already been
proved, that many words which lose the aspirate
in French do not lose it in English. The pro-
gress from the Sanscrit is very clear :

Sanscrit. Kshama.

Pracrit. Khama.

Old Greek, xdfia ; whence x^'^h X"iua£"e> X®a~

fxaKos.

Latin. Humus, humilis.

Italian. Umile ; because there is in Italian no
initial aspirate.

French. 'Humble : because in words of Latin
origin the French almost always omit the aspirate.

English. ' Humble.
And here it may be observed, that humilis never
had, except in the Vulgate and in ecclesiastical
writers, the metaphorically Christian sense to which
its derivatives in modern tongues are generally
confined, and to which I believe the Gaelic umhal
to be strictly confined. But the original words
for humble are iosal and iriosal, cognate with the
Irish iosal and iriseal, and the Cymric isel ; and
the olden and more established words for the
earth are, both in Gaelic and Irish, talamh and
lar, cognate with the Cymric llawr.

All these facts lead to a reasonable suspicion
that uim, umhal, and umhailteas (an evident na-
turalisation of a Latin word) are all derived from
Latin at a comparatively recent date, as certainly
as umile, humilde, '/nimble, and 'humble are, and in
the same Christian sense. The omission of an
aspirate in the Gaelic word is then easily ac-
counted for, without supposing it not to exist iu
other languages, and for this very simple reason,
that no Gaelic word commences with h. There
are some Celtic roots undoubtedly in the Latin
language. It would be difficult, for example, to
derive mamia, munire, gladius, vir, and virago from
any other origin, but much the larger number of
words, in which the two languages resemble each
other, are either adoptions from the Latin or de-
rivatives from one common source, e.g. mathair
and mother, brathair and brother, as well as the
Latin mater and /rater, from the Sanscrit matri
and bhratri, &c, as all comparative philologists
are well aware. Would your correspondents call
it the 'Ebrew language, because a Gael calls it, as
he must do, Eubrach ? E. C. H.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

The Calotype Process : curling up of Paper. — I am
happy in having the opportunity of replying to your
correspondent C. E. F. (Vol. ix., p. 16.), because, with
himself, I have found great annoyance from the curling
up of some specimens of paper. In the papers recently
sold as Turner's, I find this much increased upon his
original make, so much so that, until I resorted to the
following mode, I spoiled several sheets intended for
negatives, by staining the back of the paper, and which
thereby gave a difference of intensity when developed
after exposure in the camera.

I have provided myself with some very thick extra
white blotting-paper (procured of Sandford). This
being thoroughly damped, and placed between two
pieces of slate, remains so for many weeks. If the
paper intended to be used is properly interleaved be-
tween this damp blotting-paper, and allowed to remain
there twelve hours at least before it is to be iodized, it
will be found to work most easily. It should he barely
as damp as paper which is intended to be printed on.

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

41

This arrangement will be found exceedingly useful for
damping evenly cardboard and printed positives when
they are intended to be mounted, so as to ensure their
perfect flatness.

It is quite immaterial whether the paper is floated
on a solution or applied with a glass rod. If a very
few sheets are to be manipulated upon, then, for eco-
nomy, the glass rod is preferable ; but if several, the
floating has the advantage, because it ensures the most
even application. I sent you a short paragraph
(Vol. ix., p. 32.) showing how we may be deceived
in water-marks upon paper; and when we are suppos-
ing ourselves to be using a paper of a particular date,
in fact we are not doing so.

I would also caution your photographic correspon-
dents from being deceived in the quality of a paper by
the exceeding high gloss which is given it by extra
hot-pressing. This is very pleasing to the eye, and
would be a great advantage if the paper were to remain
dry ; but in the various washings and soakings which
it undergoes in the several processes before the per-
fect picture is formed, the artificial surface is entirely
removed, and it is only upon a paper of a natural firm
and even make that favourable results will be procured.

H. W. Diamond.

Turner's Paper. — There is great difficulty in pro-
curing good paper of Turner's make ; he having lately
undertaken a contract for Government in making
paper for the new stamps, the manufacture of paper
for photographic purposes has been to him of little
importance. In fact, this observation, of the little im-
portance of photographic compared to other papers,
applies to all our great paper-makers, who have it in
their power to make a suitable article. Mr. Towgood
of St. Neots has been induced to manufacture a batch
expressly for photography ; but we regret to say that,
although it is admirably adapted for albumenizing and
printing positives, it is not favourable for iodizing,
less so than his original make for ordinary purposes.
All manufacturers, in order to please the eye, use
bleaching materials, which deteriorate the paper che-
mically. They should be thoroughly impressed with
the truth, that colour is of little consequence. A bad-
coloured paper is of no importance ; it is the extraneous
substances in the paper itself which do the mischief.

Ed.

A Practical Photographic Query. »— I have never had
a practical lesson on photogiHJfll^. I have worked it
out as far as I could myself, and I have derived much
information in reading the pages of " N. & Q.," so that
now I consider myself (although we are all apt to
flatter ourselves) an average good manipulator. Inde-
pendently of the information you have afforded me, I
have read all the works upon photography which I
could procure; and as the most extensive one is that
by Mr. Robert Hunt, I went to the Exhibition of the
Photographic Society just opened, thinking I might
there see his works, and gain that information from
an inspection of them which I desired. My disap-
pointment was great on finding that Mr. Hunt does
not exhibit, nor have I been able to see any of his
specimens elsewhere. May I ask if Mr. Hunt ever

attempts anything practically, or is it to the theory of
photography alone that he directs his attention ?

I begin to fear, unless he lets a little of each go
hand-in-hand, that he will mislead some of us ama-
teurs, although I am quite sure unintentionally ; for
personally I much respect him, having a high opinion of
his scientific attainments.

A Reader of all Books on Photography.

3EUj)Itetf to fflinat <&utxic&.

"Service is no Inheritance" (Vol. viii., p. 587. ;
Vol. ix., p. 20.). — P. C. S. -S. confesses that he is
vulgar enough to take great delight in Swift's
Directions to Servants, a taste which he had once
the good fortune of hearing avowed by no less a
man than Sir W. Scott himself. G. M. T., who
(Vol. viii., p. 587.) quotes the Waverley Novels for
the use of the phrase " Service is no inheritance,'*
will therefore scarcely be surprised to find that it
occurs frequently in Swift's Directions, and es-
pecially in those to the " Housemaid," chap. x.
{quod vide). P. C. S. S.

Francis Browne (Vol. viii., p. 639.). — It is not
stated in the general pedigrees when or where he
died, whether single or married. His sister Eliza-
beth died unmarried, Nov. 27, 1662 ; and his elder
brother, Sir Henry Browne of Kiddington, in
1689. A reference to their wills, if proved, might
afford some information if he, Francis, survived
either of these dates. The will of Sir Henry
Knollys, of Grove Place, Hants, the grandfather,
might be referred to with the same view, and
the respective registers of Kiddington and Grove
Place. G.

Catholic Bible Society (Vol. viii., p. 494.). —
Mb. Cotton will find some account of this So-
ciety (the only one I know of) in Bishop Milner's
Supplementary Memoirs of the English Catholics,
published in the year 1820, p. 239. It published
a stereotype edition of the New Testament with-
out the usual distinction of verses, and very few
notes. The whole scheme was severely reprobated
by Dr. Milner, on grounds stated by him in the
Appendix to the Memoirs, p. 302. The Society
soon expired, and no tracts or reports were, I
believe, ever published by it. The correspondence
between Mr. Charles Butler and Mr. Blair will
be found in the Gentleman's Magazine for the year
1814. S.

Fitzroy Street.

Legal Customs (Vol. ix., p. 20.). — The custom,
related by your correspondent Catjsidicus, of a
Chancery barrister receiving his first bag from
one of the king's counsel, reminds me that there
are many other legal practices, both obsolete and
extant, which it would be curious and entertain-

42

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

ing to collect in your pages, as illustrative of the
habits of our forefathers, and the changes that
time has produced. I recognise many among
your coadjutors who are well able to contribute,
either from tradition or personal experience,
something that is worth recording, and thus by
their mutual communications to form a collection
that would be both interesting and useful. Let
me commence the heap by depositing the first
stones.

1. My father has informed me that in his early
years it was the universal practice for lawyers to
attend the theatre on the last day of term. This
was at a period wheff those who went into the
boxes always wore swords.

2. It was formerly (within fifty years) the cus-
tom for every barrister in the Court of Chancery
to receive from the usher, or some other officer of
the court, as many buns as he made motions on
the last day of Term, and to give a shilling for
each bun. Edward Foss.

_ Silo (Vol. viii., p. 639.). — The word silo is de-
rived from the Celtic siol, grain, and omh, a cave ;
siolomh, pronounced sheeloo, a " grain cave."
Underground excavations have been discovered
in various parts of Europe, and it is probable that
they were really used for storing grain, and not
for habitations, as many have supposed.

Fras. Crossley.

I have no doubt but that Mr. Strong's Query
respecting silos will meet with many satisfactory
answers ; but in the mean time I remark that
the Arab subterranean granaries, often used by
the French as temporary prisons for refractory
soldiers, are termed by them silos or silhos.

G. H. K.

Laurie on Finance (Vol. viii., p. 491.). —

" A Treatise on Finance, under which the General
Interests of the British Empire are illustrated, com-
prising a Project for their Improvement, together with
a new scheme for liquidating the National Debt," by
David Laurie, 8vo., London, 1815.

Anon.

David's Mother (Vol. viii., p. 539.). — The fol-
lowing comment on this point is taken from vol. i.
p. 203. of the Rev. Gilbert Burrington's Arrange-
ment of the Genealogies of the Old Testament and
Apocrypha, Lond. 1836, a learned and elaborate
work:

"In 2 Sam. xvii. 25., Abigail is said to be the
daughter of Nahash, and sister to Zeruiah, Joab's
mother; but in 1 Chron. ii. 16., both Zeruiah and
Abigail are said to be the daughters of Jesse ; we must
conclude, therefore, with Cappell, either that the name
KV1J, Nahash, in 2 Sam. xvii. 25., is a corruption of
*B>\ Jesse, which is the reading of the Aldine and
Complutensian editions, and of a considerable number

of MSS. of the LXX in this place j or that Jesse had
two names, as Jonathan in his Targum on Ruth iv. 22.
informs us; or that Nahash is not the name of the
father, but of the mother of Abigail, as Tremellius and
Junius imagine; or, lastly, with Grotius, we must be
compelled to suppose that Abigail, mentioned as the
sister of Zeruiah in 2 Sam., was a different person from
Abigail the sister of Zeruiah, mentioned in 1 Chron.,
which appears most improbable."

'AXievs.
Dublin.

Anagram (Vol. vii., p. 546.). — Some years
since I purchased, at a book-stall in Cologne, a
duodecimo (I think it was a copy of Milton's De-
fensio), on a fly-leaf of which was the date 1653,
and in the neat Italian hand of the period the
following anagram. The book had probably be-
longed to one of the English exiles who accom-
panied Charles II. in his banishment. I have
never met with it in any collection of anagrams
hitherto published. Perhaps some of your nu-
merous readers may have been more fortunate,
and can give some account of it.
" Carolus Stuartus, Anglia;, Scotiae, et Hiberniae Rex,
Aula, statu, regno exueris, ac hostili arte necaberis."

John o' the Ford.
Malta.

Passage in Sophocles (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478. 631.).
— Your correspondent M. is quite right in trans-
lating irpdaa-eiv fares, and referring it not to ®ebs,
but to the person whom the Deity has infatuated ;
and he is equally right in explaining 6\iyocrTov
Xpovov for a very short time. Updo-vei, the old read-
ing restored by Herman, is probably right ; but it
must still be referred to the same person : file
vero versatur, &c. Mr. Buckton explains <J>,
which is the relative to povv, to signify when, and
translates PovXtverai as if it were equivalent with
PovAerai. Tbv vow £ PovXeverai is the mental power
with which he (6 j3\a<f>0e\s, not 0«bs) deliberates.
"Xri) is, as M. properly explains it, not destruction
but infatuation, mental delusion; that judicial blind'
ness which leads a man to his ruin, not the ruin
itself. It is a leading idea in the Homeric theo-
logy (//. xix. 88., xxiv. 480., &c).

Though the idea in the Antigone closely re-
sembles that which is cited in the Scholia, it seems
more than probable that the original source of
both passages is derived from some much earlier
author than a cotemporary of Sophocles. As to
the line given in Boswell, it is not an Iambic
verse, nor even Greek. It was probably made
out of the Latin by some one who would try his
hand, with little knowledge either of the metre or
the language. Mr. Buckton says, that to trans-
late bxi-yoarov very short, is not to translate agree-
ably to the admonition of the old scholiast. Now,
the words of the scholiast are oi»5e 6\iyov, not even
a little, that is, a very little : so oiiSe tvt6ov, oi>$'

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

43

of the same
E. C. H.

T)6aibv, ouSe fxivwda, and many forms
kind.

B. L. M. (Vol. viii., p. 585.). — The letters
B. L. M., in the subscription of Italian correspond-
ence, stand for bacio le mani (I kiss your hands),
a form nearly equivalent to " your most obedient
servant." In the present instance the inflection
baciando (kissing) is intended. W. S. B.

" The Forlorn Hope''' (Vol. viii., pp. 411. 569.).
— For centuries the "forlorn hope" was called,
and*is still called by the Germans, Verlorne Posten;
by the French, Enfans perdus ; by the Poles and
other Slavonians, Stracona poczta : meaning, in
each of those three languages, a detachment of
troops, to which the commander of an army assigns
such a perilous post, that he entertains no hope
of ever rescuing it, or rather gives up all hope of
its salvation. In detaching these men, he is con-
scious of the fate that awaits them ; but he sacri-
fices them to save the rest of his army, i. e. he
sacrifices a part for the safety of the whole. In
short, he has no other intention, no other thought
in so doing, than that which the adjective forlorn
conveys. Thus, for instance, in Spain, a detach-
ment of 600 students volunteered to become a
forlorn hope, in order to defend the passage of a
bridge at Burgos, to give time to an Anglo-
Spanish corps (which was thrown into disorder,
and closely pursued by a French corps of 18,000
men) to rally. The students all, to the last man,
perished ; but the object was attained.

It much grieves me thus to sap the foundation
of the idle speculation upon a word the late Dr.
Graves indulged in, and which Mr. W. R. Wilde
inserted in the Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical
Science for February, 1849 ; but, on the other
hand, I rejoice to have had the opportunity of
endeavouring to destroy the very erroneous sup-
position, that Lord Byron had fallen into an error
in his beautiful line :

" The full of hope, misnamed forlorn?

What the late Dr. Graves meant by haupt or
hope, for head, I am at a loss to conceive. Haupt,
in German, it is true, means head ; but in speak-
ing of a small body of men, marching at the head
of an army, no German would ever say Haupt,
but Spitze. As to hope (another word for head)
I know not from what language he took it ; cer-
tainly not from the Saxon, for in that tongue head
was called heafod, hefed, or heafd; whilst hope was
called kopa, not hope. C. S. (An Old Soldier.)

Oak Cottage, Coniston, Lancashire.

Two Brothers of the same Christian Name
(Vol. viii., p. 338.). — I have recently met with
another instance of this peculiarity. John Upton,
of Trelaske, Cornwall, an ancestor of the Uptons
of Ingsmire Hall, Westmoreland, had two sons,

living in 1450, to both of whom he gave the
Christian name of John. The elder of these
alike-named brothers is stated by Burke, in his
History of the Landed Gentry, to have been the
father of the learned Dr. Nicholas Upton, canon
of Salisbury and Wells, and afterwards of St.
Paul's, one of the earliest known of our authors
on heraldic subjects. The desire of the elder Up-
ton to perpetuate his own Christian^ name may
in some way account for this curious eccen-
tricity. T. Hughes.
Chester.

Passage in Watson (Vol. viii., p. 587.). — Your
correspondent G. asks, whence Bishop Watson
took the passage :

" Scire ubi aliquid invenire posses, ea demum maxima
pars eruditionis est."

In the account of conference between Spalato
and Bishop Overall, preserved in Gutch's Collec-
tanea Curiosa, and printed in the Anglo-Catholic
Library, Cosin's Works, vol. iv. p. 470., the same
sentiment is thus expressed :

"By keeping Bishop Overall's library, he (Cosin)
began to learn, ' Quanta pars eruditionis erat bonos
nosse auctores ; ' which was the saying of Joseph
Scaliger."

Can any of your correspondents trace the words
in the writings of Scaliger ? J- Sansom.

Derivation of " Mammel" (Vol. viii., p. 515.).
— It may help to throw light on this question to
note that Wiclif's translation of 2 Cor. vi. 16.
reads thus : " What consent to the temple of God
with mawmetis f " Calf hill, in his Answer to
Martiall (ed. Parker Soc, p. 31.), has the follow-
ing sentence :

" Gregory, therefore, if he had lived but awhile
longer ; and had seen the least part of all the miseries
which all the world hath felt since, only for mainte-
nance of those mawmots ; he would, and well might,
have cursed himself, for leaving behind him so lewd a
precedent."
And at p. 175. this, —

" That Jesabel Irene, which was so bewitched with
superstition, that all order, all honesty, all law of na-
ture broken, she cared not what she did, so she might
have her mawmots"

See also the editor's note on the use of the word
in this last passage. In Dorsetshire, among the
common people, the word mammet is in frequent
use to designate a puppet, a doll, an odd figure,
a scarecrow. J. D. ©.

Ampers and, iff or Sr (Vol. viii., p. l73-)- —
Ampers $-, or Empessy fr, as it is sometimes called
in this country, means et per se 8f ; that is to say,
Sp is a character by itself, or sui generis, represent-
ing not a letter but a word. It was formerly an-

44

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

nexed to the alphabet in primers and spelling-
books.

The figure Eff appears to be the two Greek
letters e and r connected, and spelling the Latin
•word et, meaning and. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Misapplication of Terms (Vol. viii., p. 537.). —
The apparent lapsus noticed by your correspondent
J. W. Thomas, while it reminds one that —

" Learned men,
Now and then," &c,

is not so indefensible as many instances that are
to be met with.

I have been accustomed to teach my boys that
legend (a lego, to read) is not strictly to be con-
fined to the ordinary translation of its derivative,
since the Latin admits of several readings, and
among them, by the usage of Plautus, to hearken ;
whence our English substantive takes equal license
to admit of a relation = a narrative, viz. " a thing
to be heard ; " and in this sense by custom has re-
ferred to many a gossip's tale.

Having thus ventured to defend the use of le-
gend by your correspondent (Vol. v., p. 196), I
submit to the illuminating power of your pages
the following novel use of a word I have met with
in the course of reading this morning, and shall be
gratified if some of your correspondents (better
Grecians than myself) can turn their critical
bull's-eye on it with equal advantage to its em-
ployer.

In the poems of Bishop Corbet, edited by Oc-
tavius Gilchrist, F.S.A., 4th edition, 1807, an edi-
torial note at p. 195. informs us that John Bust,
living in 1611, "seems to have been a worthy
prototype of the Nattus of Antiquity." (Persius,
iii. 31.)

Our humorous friend in the farce, who was
"'prentice and predecessor" to his coadjutor the
'pothecary whom he succeeded, is the only sole-
cism at all parallel, that immediately occurs to

Squeers.

Dotheboys.

P.S. — It would not be any ill-service to our
language to pull up the stockings of the tight-
laced occasionally, though I have here rushed in
to the rescue.

Belle Sauvage (Vol. viii., pp. 388. 523.). — Mr.
Burn, in his Catalogue of the Beaufoy Cabinet of
Tokens presented to the Corporation of London,
just published, after giving the various derivations
proposed, says that a deed, enrolled on the Glaus
Roll of 1453, puts the matter beyond doubt :

" By that deed, dated at London, February 5,
31 Hen. VI., John Frensh, eldest son of John Frensh,
late citizen and goldsmith of London, confirmed to
Joan Frensh, widow, his mother — • Totum ten' sive

hospicium cum suis pertin' vocat' Savagesynne, alias
vocat' le Belle on the Hope ;' all that tenement or inn
with its appurtenances, called Savage's Inn, otherwise
called the Bell on the Hoop, in the parish of St.
Bridget in Fleet Street, London, to have and to hold
the same for term of her life, without impeachment of
waste. The lease to Isabella Savage must therefore
have been anterior in date ; and the sign in the olden
day was the Bell. ' On the Hoop' implied the ivy-
bush, fashioned, as was the custom; as a garland." —
P. 137.

Zeus.
t

Arms of Geneva (Vol. viii., p. 563.). — Berry's
Encyclopedia and Robson's British Herald give
the following :

" Per pale or and gules, on the dexter side a demi-
imperial eagle crowned, or, divided pale wise and fixed
to the impaled line : on the sinister side a key in pale
argent, the wards in chief, and turned to the sinister ;
the shield surmounted with a marquis's coronet."

Boyer, in his Theatre of Honour, gives —

" Party per pale argent and gules, in the first a
demi-eagle displayed sable, cut by the line of partition
and crowned, beaked, and membered of the second.

" In the second a key in pale argent, the wards
sinister."

Broctuna.

Bury, Lancashire.

" Arabian Nights' Entertainments " (Vol. viii.,
p. 147.). — There is a much stranger omission in
these tales than any Mr. Robson has mentioned.
From one end of the work to the other (in
Galland's version at least) the name of opium is
never to be found; and although narcotics are
frequently spoken of, it is always in the form of
powder they are administered, which shows that
that substance cannot be intended ; yet opium is,
unlike tobacco or coffee, a genuine Eastern pro-
duct, and has been known from the earliest period
in those regions. J. S. Warden.

Richard I. (Vol. viii., p. 72.). — I presume that
the Richard I. of the " Tablet " is the " Richard,
King of England," who figures in the Roman Ca-
lendar on the 7 th February, but who, if he ever
existed, was not even monarch of any of the petty
kingdoms of the Heptarchy, much less of all Eng-
land. However, not to go farther with a subject
which might lead to polemical controversy, surely
Mr. Lucas is aware that a new series of kings
began to be reckoned from the Conquest, and that
three Edwards, who had much more right to be
styled kings of England than Richard could have
possibly had, are not counted in the number of
kings of that name ; the reason was, I believe,
that these princes, although the paramount rulers
of the country, styled themselves much more fre-
quently Kings of the West Saxons than Kings of
England. J- S. Warden.

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

45

Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman (Vol. vii.,
p. 211.). — I regret having omitted " when found,
to make a note of," the number of Chambers'
Edinburgh Journal in which I met with the anec-
dote referred to about Sir Thomas Aylesbury,
which is given at considerable length ; and having
lent my set of " Chambers " to a friend at a dis-
tance, I cannot at present furnish the reference
required ; but L. will find it in one of the volumes
between 1838 and 1842 inclusive. I do not re-
collect that the periodical writer gave his authority
for the tale, but while it may very possibly be
true as regards the wife of Sir Thomas Aylesbury,
it is evident that his daughter, a wealthy heiress,
could never have been in such a position ; and it
is not recorded that Lord Clarendon had any other
wife. J. S. Warden.

Oaths (Vol. viii., p. 605.). — Archbishop Whit-
gift, in a sermon before Queen Elizabeth, thus
addresses her :

" As all your predecessors were at this coronation, so
you also were sworn before all the nobility and bishops
then present, and in the presence of God, and in His
stead to him that anointed you, ' to maintain the
church lands and the rights belonging to it;' and this
testified openly at the Holy Altar, by laying your hands
on the Bible then lying upon it. (See Walton's Lives,
Zouch's ed., p. 243.)"

I quote from the editor's introduction to Spel-
man's History of Sacrilege, p. 75., no doubt cor-
rectly cited. H. P.

Double Christian Names (Vol. vii. passim). —
The earliest, instances of these among British sub-
jects that I have met with, are in the families of
James, seventh Earl, and Charles, eighth Earl, of
Derby, both of whom married foreigners ; the
second son of the former by Charlotte de la Tre-
mouille, born 24th February, 1635, and named
Henry Frederick after his grand-uncle, the stadt-
holder, is perhaps the earliest instance to be found.

J. S. Warden.

Chip in Porridge (Vol. i., p. 382. ; Vol. viii.,
p. 208.). — The subjoined extract from a news-
paper report (Nov. 1806) of a speech of Mr.
Byng's, at the Middlesex election, clearly in-
dicates the meaning of the phrase :

" It has been said, that I have played the game of
Mr. Mellish. , I have, however, done nothing towards
bis success. J have rendered him neither service nor
disservice." [" No, nor to anybody else," said a person
on the hustings; "you are a mere chip in porridge."]

W. R. D. S.

Clarence Dukedom (Vol. viii., p. 565.). — W. T.
M. will find a very interesting paper on this sub-
ject, by Dr. Donaldson, in the Journal of the Bury
Archaeological Society. Q,

Prospectuses (Vol. viii., p. 562.). — I have seen
a very curious volume of prospectuses of works
contemplated and proposed, but which have never
appeared, and wherein may be found much in-
teresting matter on all departments of litera-
ture. A collection of this description would not
only be useful, but should be preserved. A list
of contemplated publications during the last half
century, collected from such sources, would not
be misplaced in " N. & Q.," if an occasional
column could be devoted to the subject. G-.

"J put a spoke in his wheel " (Vol. viii., pp. 464.
522. 576.). — This phrase must have had its origin
in the days in which the vehicles used in this
country had wheels of solid wood without spokes.
Wheels so constructed I have seen in the west of
England, in Ireland, and in France. A recent
traveller in Moldo-Wallachia relates that the
people of the country go from place to place
mounted on horses, buffaloes, or oxen ; but among
the Boyards it is " fashionable " to make use of
a vehicle which holds a position in the scale of
conveyances a little above a wheelbarrow and a
little below a dung-cart. It is poised on four
wheels of solid wood of two feet diameter, which
are more or less rounded by means of an axe. A
vehicle used in the cultivation of the land on the
slopes of the skirts of Dartmoor in Devonshire,
has three wheels of solid wood; it resembles a
huge wheelbarrow, with two wheels behind, and
one in front of it, and has two long handles like
the handles of a plough, projecting behind for the
purpose of guiding it. It is known as " the old
three-wheeled But." As the horse is attached to
the vehicle by chains only, and he has no power
to hold it back when going down hill, the driver
is provided with a piece of wood, " a spoke," which
is of the shape of the wooden pin used for rolling
paste, for the purpose of " dragging " the front
wheel of the vehicle. This he effects by thrusting
the spoke into one of the three round holes made
in the solid wheel for that purpose. The operation
of " putting a spoke in a wheel by way of impe-
diment" may be seen in daily use on the three-
wheeled carts used by railway navvies, and on the
tram waggons with four wheels used in collieries
to convey coals from the pit's mouth. N. W. S.

ffiteccTlantaxui.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Every lover of Goldsmith — and who ever read one
pnge of his delightful writings without admiring the
author, and loving the man —

" . . . . for shortness call Noll,

Who wrote like an angel, but talk'd like poor Poll?" —

must be grateful to Mr. Murray for commencing his
New Series of the British Classics with the Works of

46

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

Oliver Goldsmith, edited by Peter Cunningham, F.S.A.
The Series is intended to be distinguished by skilful
editorship, beautiful and legible type, fine paper, com-
pactness of bulk, and economy of price. Accordingly,
these handsome library volumes will be published at
7*. 6d. each. If Mr. Murray has shown good tact in
choosing Goldsmith for his first author, he has shown
equal judgment in selecting Mr. Cunningham for his
editor. Our valued correspondent, it is well known,
and will be proved to the world when he gives us his
new edition of Johnson's Lives of the Poets (which by
the bye is to be included in this Series of Murray's
British Classics), has long devoted himself to the his-
tory of the lives and writings of the poets of the past
century. But in the present instance Mr. Cunning-
ham has had peculiar advantages. Besides his own
collections for an edition of Goldsmith, he has had the
free and unrestricted use of the collections formed for
the same purpose by Mr. Forster and Mr. Corney :
a liberality on the part of those gentlemen which de-
serves the recognition of all true lovers of literature.
With such aid as this, and his own industry and ability
to boot, it is little wonder that Mr. Cunningham has
been able to produce under Mr. Murray's auspices the
best, handsomest, and cheapest edition of Goldsmith
which has ever issued from the press.

Of all the critics of Mr. Dod's Peerage, Baronetage,
and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, Mr. Dod
is himself at once the most judicious and unsparing;
and the consequence is, that every year he reproduces
his admirable compendium with some additional fea-
ture of value and interest. For instance, in the volume
for 1854, which has just been issued, we find, among
many other improvements, that, at a very considerable
cost, the attempt made in 1852 to ascertain and record
the birthplace of every person who is the possessor, or
the next heir, of any title of honour, has been renewed
and extended with such success, that many hundred
additional birthplaces are now recorded ; and the un-
known remnant has become unimportant. These
statements are perfectly new and original, acquired
from the highest sources in each individual case, and
wholly unprecedented in the production of peerage-
books.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTKD TO PURCHASE-.

Companion to the Almanac. AH published.

Isaac Taylor's Physical Theory of another Life.

*»* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bbll, Publisher of "NOTKS AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

A Sermon on Knowledge. By Rev. H. J. Rose. Lond. 1826.
Letters by Catholicus on Sir Robt. Peel's Tamworth Address.

Lond. 1841.
Kim ■nun's Musurgia Universalis. Romas, 1650. 2 Toms in

1. Folio.
Olanvil's Lux Orientalis, with Notes by Dr. H. More. Lond.

1682. 8vo.

Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers,
Grafton Street, Dublin.

Selden's Works by Wilkins. Folio. Vol. III. Part II. 1726.
Bishop Gauden, the Author of " Icon Basilike," by Dr. Todd.
8vo. (A Pamphlet.)

Wanted by Thos. G. Stevenson, Bookseller, Edinburgh.

Kingdom's Dictionary of Quotations from the English
Poets. 3 Vols. Published by Whittaker.

Wanted by A. Griffith, Bookseller, 8. Baker Street.

Clarke's Memoir of W. Falconer.

Wanted by F. Dinsdale, Leamington.

Prescott's Conquest of Mexico. Bentley. 1843. Vol. I.
Wanted by Henry Ditchburn, Esq., Gravesend.

G. Macropedii, FabuLjE Comictc. 2 Tom. 8vo. Utrecht, 1552.
Junius Discovered, by P. T. Published about 1789.

Wanted by William J. Thorns, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.

Gallery of Portraits. Published by Charles Knight, under
the Superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge. No. XLI1I. (December, 1835), containing Adam
Smith, Calvin, Mansfield.

Wanted by Charles Forbes, 3. Elm Court, Temple.

Bristol Drollery. 1674.

Holborn Drollery. 1673.

Hicks's Grammatical Drollery. 1682.

Oxford Jests.

Cambridge Jests.

Wanted by C. S., 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford.

Mudie's British Birds. Bohn. 1841. 2nd Volume.
Wavbrley. 1st Edition.

Wanted by F. R. Sowerby, Halifax.

&atitt& to Corregpatrtrenttf.

We are compelled to postpone until next week several Notes on
Books and Notices to Correspondents.

If Mr. Kerslake will send the extract from his catalogue which
illustrales the corrupted passage in Childe Harold, " Thy waters
wasted them," &c, we will give it insertion in our columns.

J. W. T. Thanks. Your hint shall not be lost sight of.

E. R. (Dublin). Erastianism is so called from Erastus, a
German heretic of the sixteenth century. {See, for farther par-
ticulars, Hook's Church Dictionary, *. v.)

A Priest. We do not like to insert this inquiry without being
able to give our readers a specific reference to some paper con-
taining the advertisement ; will he enable us to do so ?

A. B. (Glasgow). This Correspondent appears to have fallen
into an error ; on reference he will find ether not washed is re-
commended (Vol. vi., p. 277.) ; Indly, if he varnishes his pictures
with amber varnish (Vol. vii., p. 562.) previous to the application
of the black varnish, which should be black lacquer and not Bruns-
wick black, then he will succeed. Courtesy demands a reply ;
but we must beg a more careful reading of our recommendations,
which will save kirn much disappointment.

Photo-Inquirer. Restoring Old Collodion. — The question
was asked in a late Number. Mr. Crookes being a practical as
well as scientific photographer, we hope to receive a solution of the
Query

Index to Volume the Eighth This is in a very forward

state, and will be ready for delivery with No. 221. on Saturday
next.

" Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to vii., price Three Guineas
and a Ha{f.— Copies are being made up and may be had by order.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, to that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

Jan. 14. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

47

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
BANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. 8. Cocks, Jun. Esq

M.P.
O. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. : George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
1002.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age £ s. d. i Age £ s. d.

17 - - . 1 14 4 I 32- - - 2 10 8

22 - - - 1 18 8 I 37 - - - 2 18 6

27- - -245| 42 - - -382

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6(2., Second Edition,
with material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

POLICY HOLDERS in other
COMPANIES, and intending Assurers
fenerally, are invited to examine the Rates,
rinciples, and Progress of the SCOTTISH
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only
Society in which the Advantages of Mutual
Assurance can be secured by moderate Pre-
miums. Established 1837. Number of Poli-

Full Reports and every Information had
(Free) on Application.

*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp
Duty ; and attention is invited to the circum-
stance that Premiums payable for Life Assur-
ance are now allowed as a Deduction from
Income in the Returns for Income Tax.

GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec.
London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

T>ENNETT'S MODEL
> WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold ,
50 stuineas ; Silver. 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 22., 31., and 42. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

XYLO- IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Pho-
tographic Establishments. — The superiority of this preparation is now universally ac-
knowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day,
warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces
uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate
Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions
for use.

Cautioh.— Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W.
THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.

The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature
and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS. CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure
Photographic Chemicals : and maybe procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at Is., 2s.,
and 3s. 6c2. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard ; and MESSRS.
BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Aeents.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
b CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAME-
RAS. -OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED
DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
is superior to every other form of Camera,
for the Photographic Tourist, from its capa-
bility of Elongation or Contraction to any
Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its
adaptation for taking either Views or Por-
traits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tri-
pod Stands, Printing Frames, &c, may be ob-
tained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte
Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c, made to order
or from Drawings.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-
SITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHY.

A COMPLETE SET OF AP-
PARATUS for 42. 4s., containing an
Expanding Camera, with warranted Double
Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable
Stand, Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and
Baths, complete.

PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achro-
matic combination, from 12. 12s. 6(2.

LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Ad-
justment, from 25s.

A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting
Art, Is., by post free, Is. 6(2.

French Polished MAHOGANY STEREO-
SCOPES, from 10s. M. A large assortment of
STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same
in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, at
equally low prices.

ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.

Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MI-
CROSCOPE, with all the latest improvements
and apparatus, complete from 32. 15s., at

C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical In-
strument Warehouse, 244. High Holborn (op-
posite Day & Martin's).

A

LLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

HEAL & SONS EIDER DOWN
QUILT is the warmest, the lightest,
and the most elegant Covering for the Bed,
the Couch, or the Carriage ; and for Invalids,
its comfort cannot be too highly appreciated.
It is made in Three Varieties, of which a large
Assortment can be seen at their Establish-
ment. List of Prices of the above, together
with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by
Post.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

PRINCE OF WALES'S
SKETCH-BOX. _ Containing Colours,
Pencils, &c, with printed directions, as now
UBed by the Royal Family. Price 5s.

MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer,
56. Long Acre, London ; and at her Majesty's
Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.

SCIENTIFIC RECREATION FOR YOUTH
—EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG
EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S
Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories,
5s. 6(2., 7s. 6rf., 10s. 6(2.. 21s., 31s.6(2., 42s., 63s.,
and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6(2. "Il-
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue " forwarded
Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Che-
mist, 29 c. Rotherfield Street, Islington,
London, and of Chemists and Opticians
everywhere.

DO YOU BRUISE YOUR
OATS YET? New Oat Crushers,
22. 15s. 6(2., ditto 42. 5s. 6(2. ; Chaff Cutters.
12. 7s. 6(2.. ditto 22. 19s. 6(2. ; Mangles, 22. 10s. 6(2. ;
Flour Mills, 42. 10». 6(2.

MARY WEDLAKE & CO., 118. Fenchurch
Street.

QPECTACLES. — Every De-

O scription of SPECTACLES and EYE-
GLASSES for the Assistance of Vision, adapted
by means of Smee's Optometer : that being
the only correct method of determining the
exact focus of the Lenses required, and of pre-
Tenting injury to the sight by the use of im-
proper Glasses.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

48

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 220.

FOR THE PUBLICATION OP

EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS.

THE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to
perpetuate, and render accessible, whatever is
valuable, but at present little known, amongst
the materials for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or
Literary History of the United Kingdom •, and
it accomplishes that object by the publication of
Historical Documents, Letters, Ancient Poems,
and whatever else lies within the compass of
Its designs, in the most convenient form, and
at the least possible expense consistent with
theproduction of useful volumes.

The Subscription to the Society is 1?. per
annum, which becomes due in advance on the
first dav of May in everv year, and is received
by MESSRS. NICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT
STREET, or by the several LOCAL SECRE-
TARIES. Members may compound for their
future Annual Subscriptions, by the pay-
ment of 107. over and above the Subscription
for the current year. The compositions re-
ceived have been funded in the Three per Cent.
Consols to an amount exceeding 9907. No
Books are delivered to a Member until his
Subscription for the current year has been

Said. New Members are admitted at the
leetings of the Council held on the First
"Wednesday in every month.

The Publications for the year 1851-2 were :

52. PRIVY PURSE EX-
PENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II.
Edited by J. Y. AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.

53. THE CHRONICLE OF

THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited
from a MS. in the Cottonian Library by
J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.

54. PROMPTORIUM: An

English and Latin Dictionary of Words in
Use during the Fifteenth Century, compiled
chiefly from the Promptorium Parvuiorum.
By ALBERT WAY. Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Vol.11. (MtoR.) (Now ready.)

Books for 1852-3.

55. THE SECOND VOLUME

OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, con-
taining, 1. Expenses of John of Brabant,
1292-3 ; 2. Household Accounts of Princess
Elizabeth, 1551-2 ; 3. Requeste and Suite of a
True-hearted Englishman, by W. Cholmeley,
1553; 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at
Clerkenwell, 1627-8 s 5. Trelawny Papers ;
6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswcll —
Now ready for delivery to all Members not in
arrear of their Subscription.

56. THE VERNEY PAPERS.

A Selection from the Correspondence of the
Verney Family during the reign of Charles I.
to the year 163s*. From the Originals in the
possession of Sir Harry Vernev. Bart. To be
edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Trea. S.A.

57. REGULiE INCLUSARUM:

THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the
Rules and Duties of Monastic Life, in the An-
glo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century,
addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a
translation from the Latin Work of Simon de
Ghent. Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from
MSS. in the Cottonian Library, British Mu-
seum, with an Introduction, Olossarinl Notes,
&c, by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D.,
Prebendary of Lincoln. (Now ready.)

The following Works are at Press, and will be
issued from time to time, as soon as ready :

58. THE CORRESPOND.

ENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY,
during the Civil Wars. To be edited by the
REV. T.T.LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready
immediately.)

ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD

EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD,
Bishop of Hereford, in the years 1289, 1290. with
Illustrations from other and coeval Docu-
ments. To be edited by the REV. JOHN
WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.

THE DOMESDAY OF ST.

PAUL'S : a Description of the Manor3 belong-
ing to the Church of St. Paul's in London in
the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON
HALE.

ROMANCE OF JEAN AND

BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de
Reims, an Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter
end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from the
unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by
M. LE ROUX DE LINCY, Editor of the
Roman de Brut.

Communications from Gentlemen desirous
of becoming Members may be addressed to the
Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.

WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.
25. Parliament Street, Westminster.

WORKS OF THE C-ft.TCr.13SN SOCIETY,
AND ORDER OF THEIR PUBLICATION.

Restorntion of King Ed-
ward IV.

Kyng Johan, by Bishop
Bale.

Deposition of Richard II.

Plumnton Correspondence.

Anecdotes and Traditions.

Political Songs.

Hayward's Annals of Eli-
zabeth.

Ecclesiastical Documents.

Norden's Description of
Essex.

Warkworth's Chronicle.

Kemp's Nine Daies Won-
der.

The Egerton Papers.

Chronica Jocelinide Brake-
londa.

Irish Narratives, 1611 and
1690.

Rishanger's Chronicle.

Poems of Walter Mapes.

Travels of Nicander Nu-
cius.

Three Metrical Romances.

. Diary of Dr. John Dee.
, Apology for the Lollards.
, Rutland Papers.
Diary of Bishop Cartwright.
Letters of Eminent Lite-
rary Men.
Proceedings against Dame

Alice Kyteler.
Promptorium Parvuiorum :

Tom. I.
Suppression of the Monas-
teries.
Leyeester Correspondence.
French Chronicle of Lon-
don.
Polydore Vergil.
The Thornton Romances.
Verney 's Notes of the Long

Parliament.
Autobiography of Sir John
Bramsfon.
, Correspondence of James
Duke of Perth.
Liber de Antiquis Legibns.
. The Chronicle of Calais.

Polydore Vergil's History,
Vol. I.
, Italian Relation of Eng-
land.

Church of Middleham.

The Camden Miscellany,
Vol. I.

Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton.

Diary of Walter Yonge,
Esq.

Diary of Henry Maehyn.

Visitation of Huntingdon-
shire.

Obituary of Rich. Smyth.

Twysden on the Govern-
ment of England.

Letters of Elizabeth and
James VI.

Chronicon Petroburgense.

Queen Jane aud Queen
Mary.

Bury Wills ind Inventories.

Mipes de Nugis Curialium.

Pilgrimage of Sir B. Guyl-
ford.

A

Just published, Gratis and Post Free, Part I.
(New Series) of

CATALOGUE OF USEFUL

^ AND CURIOUS BOOKS, AUTO-
GRAPH LETTERS, MSS., AND LITE-
RARY MISCELLANIES, on Sale bv RI-
CHARD JAMES BELL, 17. Bedford Street,
Covent Garden, London. Part II. will con-
tain a Collection of Rare Tracts, Books, MSS..
&c, relating to the stirring times of Charles I.
and II.

'PHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-

l ZINE FOR JANUARY (being the First
Part of a new Volume) contains the following
articles : _ 1. The Princess (afterwards Queen)
Elizabeth a Prisoner at Woodstock. 2. On
supposed Apparitions of the Virgin Mary ; and
particularly at La Salette. 3. Sir Walter Ra-
leigh at Sherborne. 4. Manners and Morals of
the University of Cambridge during the last
Century. 5. English Sketches by F. reign Ar-
tists— Max Schlesinger's Sauntering* in and
about London. 6. Richard Baxter's Pulpit at
Kidderminster (with a Plate). 7. Cambridge
Improvements, 1853. 8. TheToxarisof Luciah.
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban : English
Physicians in Russia — Knights Banneret —
Sir Constantine Phipps and Sir William Phipa
— Diaries of Dr. Stukeley, &c. With Notes of
the Month ; Historical and Miscellaneous Re-
views; Reports of Antiquarian and Literary-
Societies; Historical Chronicle; andOmTUART,
including Memoirs of the Queen of Portugal,
the Duke of Beaufort, the Countess of New-
burgh, Lord Cloneurry, Rear-Adm. Pasco,
Bickham Escott. Esq., Wm. Gardiner. Esq.,
Mrs. Opie, Mr. Jas. Trubshaw, C.E., Mr. Sa-
muel Williams, &c.&c. Price 2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

pHARLES I. — A Curious Col-

\J lection of upwards of 300 various Por-
traits of this King, to be had at No. 1. Osna-
burgh Place, New Road. Regent's Park. Also
may be had on application, or on the receipt of
Six Postage Stamps, a list of Books, Drawings,
and Prints, illustrating the City of London.
Books on History, Biography, and Topography,
illustrated, inlaid, and mounted.

Curious Books and MSS. Four Days' Sale.

PUTTICK AND S-IMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room,
191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, January
1?, and two following days, a large Collection
of RARE, CURIOUS, and INTERESTING
BOOKS, on Astrology, Witchcraft, Magic;
the Hiitory of America, the East and West
Indies, and of England, Ireland, and France :
Curious Works on Quakerism, Controversial
Theology, and in General Literature ; History,
Philology, Bibliography, Voyages, and Tra-
vels, &c. ; also a few Manuscripts, including
Bywater's Account of the Cutlers' Company,
containing many curious entries ; the Ori-
ginal Drawings of Carter's Ancient Architec-
ture; a complete and early copy of Chalon'a
Etchings from Rembrandt, &c.

Catalogues may be had.

Library and MSS. of the late EARL of
MACARTNEY.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Prop-rty, wilt
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Roam,
191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, January 24,
1854, and following Days, the Important
LIBRARY and MSS. of the late GEORGE,
EARL of MACARTNEY, Ambassador to
China in 1792, &c. The MSS. comprise He-
raldic Visitations for many English Counties ;
the MS. of Hobbes's Leviathan, presented by
the Author to Charles II. ; Volumes of Superb
Oriental and other Drawings ; Original MSS.
of Bishop Atterbury j State Papers of Sir
George Downing, &c.

Catalogues may now be had of MESSRS.
PARKER, Oxford; DEIGH TON, Cam-
bridge : LANGBRIDGE, Birmingham ;
HODGES & SMITH. Dublin: HYND-
M AN. Belfast; BLACKWOOD, Edinburgh ;
and of the Auctioneers.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Gboroe Bill, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 18G. Fleet Street aforesaid.— Saturday, January 1 1. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOE

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

3STo. 221.]

Saturday, January 21. 1854.

C With Index, price \Od.
(_ Stamped Edition, \\d.

CONTENTS.

Page

A Plea for the City Churches, by the

Rev. R. Hooper - - - - 51

Echo Poetry - - - - - 51

Ambiguity in Public Writing - - 52

A Carol of the Kings - - - 53

Sir W. Scott and Sir W. Napier - - 53

Minor Notes : — Sign of Rain— Commu-
nications with Iceland —Starvation, an
Americanism — Strange Epitaphs - 53

Queries : —

Buonaparte's Abdication - - - 54

Death Warnings in Ancient Familiei - 55
The Scarlet Regimentals of the English

Army - - - - - 55

:Mii»on Queries : — Berkhampstead Re-
cords — " The secimde personne of the
Trinetee " — St. John's, Oxford, and
Emmanuel, Cambridge — " Malbrough
s'en va-t-en guerre" — Prelate quoted
in Procopius — The Alibenistic Order
of Freemasons — Saying respecting An-
cient History — An Apology for not
Bpeaking the Truth — Sir John Morant
—Portrait of Plowden _ Temperature
of Cathedrals — Dr. Eleazar Duncon —
■The Duke of Buckingham — Charles
Watson — Early (German) coloured
Engravings - - - - 56

Minor Queries with Answers : —

History of M. Oufle — Lrsons' MSS

"Luke's Iron Crown ' — " Horam
coram Dago" - - - - 57

Hoby Family, by Lord Braybrooke - 58

Poetical Tavern Signs - - - 58

Translation from Sheridan, &c. - - 59

Florins and the Royal Arms - - 59

Chronograms, by the Rev. W. Sparrow

Simpson - - - - - 60

Oaths, by James F. Ferguson - - 61

Photographic Correspondence : — Split-
ting Paper for Photographic Purposes
— Curling of Iodized Paper — How the
Glass Rod is used - - - - 61

Replies to Minor Queries : — Wooden
Tombs and EflLies — Epitaph on Poli-
tian — Defoe's Quotation from Baxter
on Apparitions — Barrels Regiment —
Sneezing— Does " Wurm," in modern
German, ever mean Serpent ? — Long-
fellow's Renper and the Flowers —

Charge of Plagiarism against Palcy

Tin _ John Waugh — Rev. Joshua
Brooks _ Hour-glass Stand — Teeth
Superstition— Dog-whipping Day in
Hull _ Mousehunt — St. Paul's School
Library— German Tree — Derivation
of the Word " Cash " - - 62

MISCELLANEOUS :

Notes on Books, &e. - - - 66

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 66
Notices to Correspondents - - 67

Vol. IX.— Xo. 221.

A CATALOGUE of CURIOUS

J\. and ENTERTAINING BOOKS, just
Published by J. CROZIER, 5. New Turnstile,
Holborn, near Lincoln's Inn Fields.

PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION.

THE VIEWS EXHIBITED
by RUSSELL SEDGFIELD may be
obtained of MR. S. HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet
Street i and also of the Artist, 8. Willow Cot-
tages, Canonbury. Price 3s. each.

London: SAMUEL HIGHLEY,
32. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
—THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is
now open at the Gallery of the Society of
British Artists, Suffolk Street. Pall Mall, in the
Morning from 10 a.m. to half-past 4 p.m., and
in the Evening from 7 to 10 p.m. Admission It.
Catalogue 6d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION-. _ An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebrated French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent
Process, One Guinea ; Three extra Copies for
10f.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BOND STREET.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG
EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S
Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories,
5s. 6il., 7s. 6rf., 10s. 6(/.. 21s., 31s. 6(1., 42s., 63s.,
and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6tf. "Il-
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded
Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. 'TATHAM, Operative Che-
mist, 29c. Rotherfteld Street, Islington,
London, and of Chemists and Opticians
everywhere.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, "WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

FOLIOUS APPEARANCES,
a Consideration upon our Way of Letter-
ing Books, Is. ; by Post for 18 Stamps.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.

Just published, to be continued Monthly,
No. I., price 2s. 6d., of

THE AUTOGRAPH MISCEL-
LANY. A Collection of Interesting
Letters of Emiaent and Distinguished Charac-
ters ; with curious Public and Historical Docu-
ments, English and Foreign, executed in
Lithograph Fac-simile. Selected from the
British Museum, and from other sources.
Public and Private.

London : F. NETHERCL1FT & DURLA-
CHER, Lithographers and General Printers,
18. Brewer Street, Golden Square.

DR. CROMBIE'S ETYMOLOGY AND
SYNTAX.

THE ETYMOLOGY AND
SYNTAX OF THE ENGLISH LAN-
GUAGE Explained and Illustrated. By the
REV. A.CROMBIE.LL.D.,F.R.S.,M.R.S.L.,
and F.Z.S. Seventh Edition, 8vo., 7s. 6d. cloth,
lettered.

By the same Author,

GYMNASIUM; sive Symbola

Critica, Abridged. Intended to assist the Clas-
sical Student in his endeavours to attain %
correct Latin Prose Style. By the REV.
ALEXANDER CROMBIE, LL.D., F.R.S.,
&.C. Fifth Edition. 12mo., 6s. cloth.

THE GYMNASIUM, complete.

Sixth Edition, corrected and enlarged. 2 vols.
8vo., It Is. cloth.

CLAVIS GYMNASII. Sixth

Edition. 8vo., 6s. cloth.
London : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.

CRABB'S ENGLISH SYNONYMES.

ENGLISH SYNONYMES Ex-
plained ; in Alphabetical Order,:
with Copious Illustrations and Examples,
drawn from the Best Writers. To which is
added, an Index to the Words. By GEORGE
CKABB, A.M. Ninth Ediuon, greatly im-
proved. 8vo. 15s. cloth.

London : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.

THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE

QHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVE-
LYN s DIARY AND CORRESPOND-
CE, is just published. To be completed in
one more volume, price 6s. bound.

The subscri tiers to the former edition of
EVELYN'S DIARY, who have not completed
tlieii sets, have now the opportunity of being
supp ied with the concluding volumes (III. and
IV.) at the same price as the present edition,
namely, «.«. per volume.

Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his
successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13.
Great Marlborough Street.

50

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

Just published, Nos. T. to ITT., each One Penny,
and Part I., price Fivepence, of

THE MUSEUM OF SCIENCE
AND ART. A Miscellany of instructive
and amusing Tracts on the Physical Sciences,
and on their application to the uses of Liie.
Edited by DR. LABDNEB.

This work will be published at One Penny,
in weekly numbers of sixteen pages, large
12mo.. printed on good paper, in a clear type,
and illustrated, when necessary, by engravings
on wood ; also in Monthly Parts, price id. in a
wrapper ; and in Quarterly Volumes, neatly
bound, price 1*. 6d.

The following Subjects will form Early
Numbers of the Work :
The Planets ; are they Inhabited Globes 1
Weather Prognostics.
Popular Fallacies.
The Sun and Moon.
Latitudes and Longitudes.
The Tides.
Locomotion by Land and Water in the United

States.
The Electric Telegraph.
Lunar Influences.
Cometary Influences.
Eclipses.

Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars.
Steam Power.
The Eye and Sight.
The Ear and Hearing.
Thunder and Lightning.
Light.
The Obsolete Elements, — Air, Earth, Fire,

Anecdotes of the Arts. — No. I. The Potter's

Art.
London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper

Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster

Bow.

Just published, No. VI., 8ro., price 4s., 5 plates,

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF
MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE : includ-
ing the Transactions of the Microscopical
Society of London: edited by E.LANKESTER,
M.D., F.B.S.. F.L. 8., &c , and G.BUSK,
F.B.C.S.E., F.B.S., F.L.S..&C Contains:
PROFESSOR QUEKETT'S important Paper
on theMICKOSCOPICAL EXAMINATION
of the TORBANEHILL MINERAL, and its
DISTINCTIVE CHABACTERS from COAL.

London : SAMUEL HIGHLEY,
32. Fleet Street.

Just published, No. IV. (New Series), 8vo.
Woodcuts. Is.

THE CHEMIST. A Monthly
Journal of Chemical and Physical Science.
Edited by JOHN & CHABLES WATT,
Assisted in Analyiical Chemistry by Wm. He-
repath,F.C.S.,andT. J.Herepath ; Industrial
Chemistry, by Lewis Thomson, F.C.S. ; Mine-
ralogy, by Samuel Highley. F. G. S. ; Phar-
macy, by Denham Smith, F.C.S. ; Photogra-
phy, by T. A. Malone, F. C. S. ; Elei tro-me-
tallurgy, by Alexander Watt; Physcs, by
Charles Heisch, F.C.S. s Public Health, by
J. Neville Warren, C. E.

London : SAMUEL HIGHLEY,
32. Fleet Street.

Just published, No. II., 8vo., price M.

THE ASYLUM JOURNAL.
Published by Authority of the Associa-
tion of Medical Officers of Asylums and Hos-
pitals for the Insane. Edited by DB. BUCK-
NILL, Devon County Asylum. Published
every Six Weeks.

London: SAMUEL HIGHLEY,
32. Fleet Street.

PHYSIOGNOMY OF IN-
SANITY A Series of Photographic

Portraits from the Life,

By DB. HUGH W. DIAMOND, F.S.A.,

with brief Medical Notes. To be published in
occasional Parts, small quarto.

S. HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet Street.

BUTLEB'S SCHOOL ATLASES AND
GEOGRAPHY:

New and thoroughly revised Editions, enlarged
and corrected to the Present Time, and edited
by the Author's Son, the REV. THOMAS
BUTLEB, Rector of Langar.

A JUNIOR ATLAS OF

J\ MODERN GEOGRAPHY : comprising
12 full-coloured Maps, selected from Bishop
Butler's " Modern Atlas." Boyal 8vo., price
4s. 6d. half-bound.

A JUNIOR ATLAS OF AN-

CIENT GEOGRAPHY : comprising 10 full-
coloured Maps, selected from Bishop Butler's
"Ancient Atlas." Boyal 8vo., price 4s. 6d.
half-bound.

BUTLER'S ATLAS OF

MODEBN GEOGBAPHY. Enlarged to
28 full-coloured Maps ; with a Complete Index.
Boyal -8vo., price I2s. half-bound.

BUTLER'S ATLAS OF AN-

CIENT GEOGRAPHY. Enlarged to 2"» full-
coloured Maps ; with a Complete Index.
Boyal 8vo., price 12s. half-bound.

BUTLER'S GEOGRAPHI-
CAL COPY-BOOKS, or MAP PBOJEC-
TIONS, Ancient and Modern. Oblong 4to.,
price 4s. each Set ; or 7s. 6d together.

BUTLERS GENERAL AT-
LAS of ANCIENT and MODEBN GEO-
GBAPHY. Enlarged to 51 full-coloured Maps ;
with Indexes. Boyal 4to., price 24s. half-
bound.

BUTLER'S SKETCH OF

MODEBN and ANCIENT GEOGBAPHY :
revised and corrected in both Parts from the
best Authorities. 8vo., price 9s. cloth.

London : LONGMAN, BBOWN, GBEEN

& LONGMANS.

The Fifth Edition, in fcap. 8vo., price 6s.

THE POWER OF THE SOUL
OVER THE BODY, considered in re-
lation to Health and Morals. By GEOBGE
MOOBE, M.D., Member of the Boyal College
of Physicians.

By the same Author,

THE USE OF THE BODY

IN BELATION TO THE MIND. The

Third Edition, leap. 8vo., price 6s.

MAN AND HIS MOTIVES.

Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 6s.

HEALTH, DISEASE, AND

REMEDY. Post8vo.,7s. 6tf.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GBEEN,
& LONGMANS.

The 16th Edition, corrected and extended, with
the Statutes and Legal Decisions to Hilary
Term, 16 & 17 Victoria ; in fcap. 8vo., price
10s. 6d.

THE CABINET LAWYER:
A Popular Digest of the Laws of Eng-
land. The SUPPLEMENT, comprising the
Pullic Acts of the Session 1853, separately,
price Is.

Uniform with the above, price 10s. 6<7. ; or calf
lettered, 13s.,

THE CABINET GAZET-

TEEB : A Popular Exposition of all the
Countries of the World . By the same Author.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GBEEN,
& LONGMANS.

The Second Edition, in square crown 8vo.,with
11 Etchings by the Author, and 88 Woodcuts,
price 28s.

LEGENDS of the MONASTIC
OBDERS, as represented in the Fine
Arts. Forming the Second Series of " Sacred
and Legendary Art." By MB9. JAMESON.
In the same Series, price 28s. each,

LEGENDS of the MADONNA;

and —

LEGENDS of the SAINTS

and MABTYBS.

London : LONGMAN. BBOWN, GBEEN,
& LONGMANS.

Just published, in One Volume, medium 8vo.,
price 14s.

THESAURUS OF ENGLISH
WOBDS AND PHBASES, classified and
arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of
Ideas, and assist in Literary Composition. By
P.M. BOGET, M.D..F.B.S. Second Edition.
»»* Several thousand Words and Phrases,
not contained in the First Edition, have now
been added ; many improvements have been
made in the arrangement of the expressions:
and the whole Work has undergone careful
revision with the view of increasing its general
utility.

London : LONGMAN. BBOWN, GBEEN,
& LONGMANS.

WILLIAM SKEFFINGTON,
Bookseller and Publisher, respectfully
informs his friends and the public that he has
BEMOVED his BUSINESS from 192. to 163.
Piccadilly, opposite Bond Street.

The Bishop of Lincoln's LENT LECTURES.
Seventh Edition, small 8vo., 3s. 6rf., by post,
4s.

THE SINFULNESS of LITTLE
SINS. By JOHN JACKSON, D.D.,
Lord Bishop of Lincoln.

By the same Author,

REPENTANCE: its Necessity,

Nature, and Aids. Third Edition, 3s. Gd., by
post, 4s.

CHILCOT ON EVIL

THOUGHTS ; with Bules for their Restraint
and Suppression. Edited by the Rev. Richard
Hooper. M.A.. Curate of St. Stephen's, West-
minster, and Assistant Hospitaller of St. Tho-
mas's, Southwark. This day, new edition,
18mo., 2s. 6tf., by post, 3s.
" A very admirable work." — Guardian.

London : WILLIAM SKEFFINGTON,
163. Piccadilly.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE FOR JANUARY (being the First
Part of a new Volume > contains the following
articles : - 1. The Princess < afterwards Queen)
Elizabeth a Prisoner at Woodstock. 2. On
supposed Apparitions of the Virgin Mary j and
particularly at La Salette. 3. Sir Walter Ra-
leigh at Sherborne. 4. Manners and Morals of
the University of Cambridge during the last
Century. 5. English Sketches by F. reign Ar-
tists—Max Schlesinger's Sauntering* in and
about London. 6. Richard Baxter's Pulpit at
Kidderminster (with a Plate). 7. Cambridge
Improvements, 1853. 8. TheToxarisof'Lucian.
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban : English
Physicians in Russia — Knights Banneret —
Sir Constantine Phipps and Sir William Phips
— Diaries of Dr. Stukeley, &c. With Notes of
the Month ; His'orical and Miscellaneous Be-
views; Eeports of Antiquarian and Literary
Societies; Historical Chronicle; and Obituary,
including Memoirs of the Queen of Portugal,
the Duke of Beaufort, the Countess of New-
burgh, Lord Cloncurry, Bear-Adm. Pasco,
Bickham Esctt. Esq., Wm. Gardiner, Esq.,
Mr-. Opie, Mr. Jas. Trubshaw, C.E., Mr. Sa-
muel Williams, &c. &c. Price 2s. 6rf.
NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

51

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 21, 1854.

$0tCtf.
A PLEA FOR THE CITT CHURCHES.

When a bachelor is found wandering about, he
cares not whither, your fair readers (for doubtless
such a " dealer in curiosities " as you are has
many of that sex who, however unjustly, have the
credit of the " curious " bump) will naturally ex-
claim " he must be in love," or " something hor-
rible has happened to him." Let us, however,
disappoint them by assuring them we shall keep
our own counsel. If the former be the cause,
green lanes and meandering streams would suit
his case better than Gracechurch Street, London,
with the thermometer five or six degrees below
freezing point, and the snow (!) the colour and
consistency of chocolate. Such a situation, how-
ever, was ours, when our friend the Incumbent of
Holy Trinity, Minories, accosted us. He was
going to his church ; would we accompany him ?
"We would have gone to New Zealand with him, if
he had asked us, at that moment. The locale of
the Minories was nearly as unknown to us as the
aforesaid flourishing colony. On entering the
church (which will not repay an architectural
zealot), while our friend was extracting a burial
register, our eye fell on an old monument or two.
There was a goodly Sir John Pelham, who had
been cruelly cut down by the hand of death in
1580, looking gravely at his sweet spouse, a dame
of the noble house of Bletsoe. Behind him is
kneeling his little son and heir Oliver, whom, as
the inscription informs us, " Death enforced to
follow fast " his papa, as he died in 1584.

And there was a stately monument of the first
Lord Dartmouth, a magnanimous hero, and Master
of the Ordnance to Charles II. and his renegade
brother. We were informed that a gentleman in
the vestry had come for the certificate of the
burial of Viscount Lewisham, who died some
thirty years ago ; that the Legge family were all
buried here ; that after having dignified the aris-
tocratic parish of St. George, Hanover Square,
and the salons of May Fair, during life, they were
content to lie quietly in the Minories ! Does not
the high blood of the " city merchant " of the
present day, of the "gentleman" of the Stock
Exchange, curdle at the thought ? Yes, there lie
many a noble heart, many a once beautiful face ;
but we must now-a-days, forsooth, forget the
City as soon as we have made our money in its
dirty alleys. To lie there after death ! pooh, the
thought is absurd. (Thanks to Lord Palmerston,
we have no option now.)

Well, we were then asked by the worthy In-
cumbent, " Would you not like to see my head ? "
Did he take us for a Lavater or a Spurzheim ?
However, we were not left in suspense long, for

out of the muniment closet was produced a tin
box ; we thought of Beading biscuits, but we were
undeceived shortly. Taken out carefully and
gently, was produced a human head ! No mere
skull, but a perfect human head ! Alas ! its
wearer had lost it in an untimely hour. Start
not, fair reader! we often lose our heads and
hearts too, but not, we hope, in the mode our poor
friend did. It was clear a choice had been given
to him, but it was a Hobson's choice. He had
been axed whether he would or no ! He had been
decapitated ! We were told that now ghastly
head had once been filled with many an anxious,
and perhaps happy, thought. It had had right
royal ideas. It was said to be the head of Henry
Grey, Duke of Suffolk, the father of the sweet
Lady Jane Grey. We could muse and moralise ;
but Captain Cuttle cuts us short, " When found,
make a Note of it." We found it then there, Sir ;
will you make the Note ? The good captain does
not like to be prolix. Has his esteemed old re-
lative, Sylvanus Urban (many happy new years to
him !), made the note before ?

We came away, shall we say better in mind ?
Yes, said we, a walk in the City may be as in-
structive, and as good a cure for melancholy, as
the charming country. An old city church can
tell its tale, and a good one too. We thought of
those quaint old monuments, handed down from
older churches 'tis true, but still over the slum-
bering ashes of our forefathers; and when the
thought of the destroying hand that hung over
them arose amid many associations, the Bard of
Avon's fearful monumental denunciation came to
our aid :

" Blest be the man that spares these stones,
And curst be he that moves these bones."

Richard Hooper.

St. Stephen's, Westminster.

ECHO poetry.

" A Dialogue between a Glutton and Echo.

Gl. My belly I do deifie.

Echo. Fie.

Gl. Who curbs his appetite's a fool.

Echo. Ah fool !

Gl. I do not like this abstinence.

Echo. Hence.

Gl. My joy 's a feast, my wish is wine.

Echo. Swine !

Gl. We epicures are happie truly.

Echo. You lie.

Gl, Who's that which giveth me the lie?

Echo. I.

Gl. What ? Echo, thou that mock'st a voice ?

Echo. A voice.

Gl. May I not, Echo, eat my fill ?

Echo. 111.

52

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

Gl. Will't hurt me if I drink too much ?

Echo. Much.

Gl. Thou mock'st me, Nymph ; I'll not helieve it.

Echo. Believe't.

Gl. Dost thou condemn then what I do ?

Echo. I do.

Gl. I grant it doth exhaust the purse.

Echo. Worse.

Gl. Is't this which dulls the sharpest wit ?

Echo. Best wit.

Gl. Is't this which brings infirmities ?

Echo. It is.

Gl. Whither will't bring my soul ? canst tell ?

Echo. T hell.

Gl. Dost thou no gluttons virtuous know ?

Echo. No.

Gl. Wouldst have me temperate till I die ?

Echo. I.

Gl. Shall I therein finde ease and pleasure ?

Echo. Yea sure.

Gl. But is 't a thing which profit brings ?

Echo. It brings.

Gl. To minde or bodie ? or to both?

Echo. To both.

G7. Will it my life on earth prolong ?

Echo. O long !

Gl. Will it make me vigorous until death ?

Echo. Till death.

G7. Will't bring me to eternall blisse?

Echo. Yes.

Gl. Then, sweetest Temperance, I'll love thee.

Echo. I love thee.

Gl. Then, swinish Gluttonie, I'll leave tliee.

Echo. I'll leave thee.

Gl. I'll be a belly-god no more.

Echo. No more.

Gl. If all be true which thou dost tell,
They who fare sparingly fare well.

Echo. Farewell.

" S. J."
" Hygiasticon : or the right Course of preserving Life
and Health unto extream old Age : together with
soundnesse and integritie of the Senses, Judge-
ment, and Memorie. Written in Latine by
Leonard Lessius, and now done into English.
24mo. Cambridge, 1634."

I send the above poem, and title of the work it
is copied from, in the hope it may interest those
of your correspondents who have lately been
turning their attention to this style of composi-
tion. H. B.

Warwick.

AMBIGUITY IN PUBLIC WRITING.

In Brenan's Composition and Punctuation, pub-
lished by Wilson, Royal Exchange, he strongly
condemns the one and the other, as used for the
former and the latter, or the first and the last.
The understood rule is, that the one refers to the
nearest or latter person or thing mentioned, and
the other to the farthest or former ; and if that

were strictly adhered to, no objection could be
raised. But I have found, from careful observation
for two or three years past, that some of our
standard writers reverse the rule, and use the one
for the former, and the other for the latter, by
which I have often been completely puzzled to
know what they meant in cases of importance.
Now, since there is not the slightest chance of
unanimity here, I think the author is right in con-
demning their referential usage altogether. A
French grammarian says, " Ce qui n'est pas clair
n'est pas Frangais;" but though French is far
from having no ambiguities, he showed that he
fully appreciated what ought to be the proudest
boast of any language, clearness. There is a
notable want of it on the marble tablet under the
portico of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, which says :

" The church of this parish having been destroyed
by fire on the 17th day of September, a. n. 1795, was
rebuilt, and opened for divine service on the 1st day of
August, a.d. 1798."

The writer, no doubt, congratulated himself on
avoiding the then common error, in similar cases,
of " This church having," &c. ; for that asserted,
that the very building we were looking at was
burned down ! But in eschew-ing one manifest
blunder, he fell into ambiguity and inconclusive-
ness equally reprehensible. For, as it never was
imperative that a parish church should be ahvays
confined to a particular spot, we are left in doubt
as to where the former one stood ; nor, indeed,
are we told whether the present building is the
parish church. Better thus : " The church of
this parish, ivhich stood on the present site, having,"
&c.

Even with this change another seems necessary,
for we should then be virtually informed, as we
are now, that the church was rebuilt, and opened
for divine service, in one day ! * Such is the care
requisite, when attempting comprehensive brevity,
for the simplest historical record intended to go
down to posterity. It is no answer to say, that
every one apprehends what the inscription means,
for that would sanction all kinds of obscurity and
blunders. When Paddy tells us of wooden panes
of glass and mile-stones ; of dividing a thing into
three halves ; of backing a carriage straight for-
wards, or of a dismal solitude where nothing
could be heard but silence, we all perfectly under-
stand what he means, while we laugh at his un-
conscious union of sheer impossibilities. Clarus.

* The following arrangement, which only slightly
alters the text, corrects the main defects : " The church
of this parish, which stood on the present site, was de-
stroyed by fire on [date] ; and, having been rebuilt,
was opened for divine service on [date]."

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

53

A CAEOL OF THE KINGS.

According to one legend, the three sons of Noah
were raised from the dead to represent all mankind at
Bethlehem. According to another, they slept a deep
sleep in a cavern on Ararat until Messias was born, and
then an angel aroused and showed them The Southern
Cross, then first created to be the beacon of their way.
When the starry signal had fulfilled its office it went
on, journeying towards the south, until it reached its
place to bend above The Peaceful Sea in memorial of
the Child Jesu.

I.
Three ancient men, in Bethlehem's cave,

With awful wonder stand :
A Voice had call'd them from their grave
In some far Eastern land !

They lived : they trod the former earth,
When the old waters swell'd : —

The ark, that womb of second birth,
Their house and lineage held !

in.

Pale Japhet bows the knee with gold ;

Bright Shem sweet incense brings :
And Ham — the myrrh his fingers hold—

Lo ! the Three Orient Kings !

IV.

Types of the total earth, they hail'd

The signal's starry frame : —
Shuddering with second life, they quailM

At the Child Jesu's name !

v.

Then slow the patriarchs turn'd and trod,

And this their parting sigh —
" Our eyes have seen the living God,

And now, once more to die ! "

H. of M.

SIR W. SCOTT AND 5IR W. NAPIER.

Some short time ago there appeared in The
Times certain letters relative to a song of Sir
Walter Scott in disparagement of Fox, said to have
been sung at the dinner given in Edinburgh on
the acquittal of Viscount Melville. In one letter,
signed " W. Napier," it is asserted, on the au-
thority of a lady, that Scott sang the song, which
gave great offence to the Whig party at the time.

Now, I must take the liberty of declaring this
assertion to be incorrect. I had the honour of
knowing pretty intimately Sir Walter from the
year 1817 down to the period of his departure for
the_ Continent. I have been present at many con-
vivial meetings with him, and conversed with him
times without number, and he has repeatedly de-
clared that, although fond of music, he could not
sing from his boyhood, and could not even hum a

tune so as to be intelligible to a listener. The
idea, therefore, of his making such a public ex-
hibition of himself as to sing at a public meeting,
is preposterous.

But in the next place the cotemporary evidence
on the subject is conclusive. An account of the
dinner was published in the Courant newspaper,
and it is there stated " that one song was sung,
the poetry of which was said to come from the
muse of ' the last lay,' and was sung with ad-
mirable effect by the proprietor of the Ballantyne
Press.'''

It is perhaps unnecessary to explain that the
singer was the late John Ballantyne, and I have
my doubts if the song referred to in the contro-
versy was the one sung upon the occasion. This,
however, is merely a|speculation arising from the
fact, that this was a song not included in Sir
Walter Scott's works, whichf upon the very highest
authority I have been informed was sung there,
but of which Lord Ellenborough, and not Charles
Fox, was the hero. It is entitled " Justice Law,"
and is highly laudatory of the Archbishop of Can-
terbury. It has been printed in the Supplement
to the Court of Session Garland, p. 10., and the
concluding verse is as follows :

" Then here's to the prelate of wisdom and fame,
Tho' true Presbyterians we'll drink to his name ;
Long, long may he live to teach prejudice awe,
And since Melville's got justice, the devil take law."

Again I repeat this conjecture may be erroneous ;
but that Sir Walter never sung any song at all
at the meeting is, I think, beyond dispute. J. M.

Sign of Rain. — Not far from Weobley, co.
Hereford, is a high hill, on the top of which is a
clump of trees called " Ladylift Clump," and thus
named in the Oi'dnance map : it is a proverbial
expression in the surrounding neighbourhood, that
when this clump is obscured with clouds, wet
weather soon follows ; connected with which, many
years since I met with the following lines, which
may prove interesting to many of your readers :

« When Ladie Lift
Puts on her shift,
Shee feares a downright raine;
But when she dofFs it, you will finde
The raine is o'er, and still the winde,
And Phcebus shine againe."

What is the origin of this name having been given
to the said clump of trees ? J. B. Whitborne.

Communications with Iceland. — In the summer
of 1 851 1 directed attention to the communications
with Iceland. I am just informed that the Danish
government will send a war steamer twice next
summer to the Faroe Islands and to Iceland,

54

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

calling at Leith both ways for passengers. The
times of sailing will probably be announced to-
wards spring in the public prints. This oppor-
tunity of visiting that strange and remarkable
island in so advantageous a manner is worthy of
notice, as desirable modes of getting there very
rarely occur.

The observing traveller, in addition to the
wonders of nature, should not fail to note there
the social and physical condition, and diseases of
the inhabitants. He will there find still lingering,
fostered by dirt, bad food, and a squalid way of
living, the true leprosy (in Icelandic, spetalshd)
which prevailed throughout Europe in the Middle
Ages; and which now survives only there, in Nor-
way, and in some secluded districts in central and
southern Europe. He will also note the remark-
able exemption of the Icelanders from pulmonary
consumption ; a fact which seems extraordinary,
considering the extreme dampness, inclemency,
and variability of the climate. But the con-
sumptive tendency is always found to cease north
of a certain parallel of latitude.

Wm. E. C. Notjkse.

8. Burwood Place, Hyde Park.

Starvation, an Americanism. — Strange as it may
appear, it is nevertheless quite true that this
word, now unhappily so common on every tongue,
as representing the condition of so many of the
sons and daughters of the sister lands of Great
Britain and Ireland, is not to be found in our own
English dictionaries ; neither in Todd's Johnson,
published in 1826, nor in Richardson's, published
ten years later, nor in Smart's — Walker remo-
delled — published about the same time as Ri-
chardson's. It is Webster who has the credit of
importing it from his country into this ; and in a
supplement issued a few years ago, Mr. Smart
adopted it as " a trivial word, but in very common,
and at present good use."

What a lesson might Mr. Trench read us, that
it should be so !

Our older poets, to the time of Dryden, used
the compound " hunger-starved." We now say,
starved with cold. Chaucer speaks of Christ as
" He that star/ for our redemption," of Creseide
"which well nigh star/ for feare ;" Spenser, of
arms " which doe men in bale to sterve." (See
Starve in Richardson.) In the Pardoneres Tale,
v. 12799:

" Ye (yea), sterve he shall, and that in lesse while
Than thou wilt gon a pas not but a mile ;
This poison is so strong and violent."

And again, v. 12822 :

" It happed him
To take the botelle there the poison was,
And dronke ; and gave his felau drinke also,
For which anone they storven bothe two."

Mr. Tyrwhit explains, " to die, to perish ; " and
the general meaning of the word was, " to die, or
cause to die, to perish, to destroy." Q.

Strange Epitaphs. — The following combined
" bull " and epitaph may amuse your readers. I
copied it in April, 1850, whilst on an excursion
to explore the gigantic tumuli of New Grange,
Dowth, &c.

Passing through the village of Monknewtown,
about four miles from Drogheda, I entered a
burial-ground surrounding the ivy-clad ruins of a
chapel. In the midst of a group of dozen or more
tombstones, some very old, all bearing the name
of " Kelly," was a modern upright slab, well
executed, inscribed, —

" Erected by Patrick Kelly,

Of the Town of Drogheda, Mariner,

In Memory of his Posterity."

" Also the above Patrick Kelly,

Who departed this Life the 12th August, 1844,

Aged 60 years.

Requiescat in Pace."

I gave a copy of this to a friend residing at
Llanbeblig, Carnarvonshire, who forwarded me the
annexed from a tombstone in the parish church-
yard there :

" Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.

Here lie the Remains of Thomas Chambers,

Dancing Master ;

Whose genteel address and assiduity

in Teaching,

Recommended him to all that had the

Pleasure of his acquaintance.

He died June 13, 1765,

Aged 31."

R. H.B.

Bath.

cauertoJ.

BUONAPARTE S ABDICATION.

A gentleman living in the neighbourhood of
London bought a table five or six years ago at
Wilkinson's, an old established upholsterer on
Ludgate Hill.

In a concealed part of the leg of the table he
found a brass plate, on which was the following
inscription :

" Le Cinq d'Avril, dix-huit cent quatorze, Napoleon
Buonaparte signa son abdication sur cette table dans
le cabinet de travail du Roi, le2me apres la chambre a
coucher, a Fontainebleau."

The people at Wilkinson's could give no account
of the table : they said it had been a long time in
the shop ; they did not remember of whom it had

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

55

been bought, and were surprised when the brass
plate was pointed out to them.

The table is a round one, and rather pretty
looking, about two feet and a half in diameter,
and supported on one leg. It does not look like
a table used for writing, but rather resembles a
lady's work-table. The wood with which it is
veneered has something the appearance of beef
wood.

Wilkinson's shop does not now exist : he used
to deal in curiosities, and was employed as an
auctioneer.

The gentleman who bought this table is de-
sirous of ascertaining at what tirrie the table still
shown at Fontainebleau, as that on which the ab-
dication was signed, was first exhibited : whether
immediately after the restoration of the Bourbons,
or later, in consequence of a demand for shows of
that sort ? Whether it is a fact that the Bourbons
turned out the imperial furniture from Fontaine-
bleau and other palaces after their return ?

The date, " cinq d'Avril," is wrong ; the abdi-
cation was signed on the 4th. This error, how-
ever, leads one to suspect that the table is genuine :
as any one preparing a sham table would have
been careful in referring to printed documents.
From the tenor of the inscription, we may infer
that it is the work of a Royalist.

The Marshals present with Napoleon when he
signed his abdication were Ney, Oudinot, and
Lefevre ; and perhaps Caulincourt. A Cantab.

University Club.

DEATH WARNINGS IN ANCIENT FAMILIES.

I marvel much that none of your contributors in
this line have touched upon a very interesting
branch of legendary family folk lore, namely, the
supernatural appearances, and other circumstances
of a ghostly nature, that are said to invariably pre-
cede a death in many time-honoured families of the
united kingdoms.

We have all heard of the mysterious " White
Ladye," that heralds the approach of death, or
dire calamity, to the royal house of Hohenzollern.
In like manner, the apparition of two gigantic
owls upon the battlements of Wardour is said to
give sad warning to the noble race of Arundel.
The ancient Catholic family of Middleton have
the same fatal announcement made to them by
the spectral visitation of a Benedictine nun ;
while a Cheshire house of note, I believe that of
Brereton, are prepared for the last sad hour by
the appearance of large trunks of trees floating in
a lake in the immediate vicinity of their family
mansion. To two families of venerable antiquity,
and both, if I remember right, of the county of
Lancashire, the approaching death of a relative is
made known in one case by loud and continued

knock ings at the hall door at the solemn hour of
midnight ; and in the other, by strains of wild
and unearthly music floating in the air.

The " Banshee," well known in Ireland, and in
the highlands of Scotland, is, I believe, attached
exclusively to families of Celtic origin, and is
never heard of below the Grampian range ; al-
though the ancient border house of Kirkpatrick
of Closeburn (of Celtic blood by the way) is said
to be attended by a familiar of this kind.

Again, many old manor-houses are known to
have been haunted by a friendly, good-natured
sprite, ycelpt a " Brownie," whose constant care
it was to save the household domestics as much
trouble as possible, by doing all their drudgery
for them during the silent hours of repose. Who
has not heard, for instance, of the " Boy of
Hilton ? " Of this kindly race, I have no doubt,
many interesting anecdotes might be rescued from
the dust of time and oblivion, and preserved for
us in the pages of " N. & Q."

I hope that the hints I have ventured to throw
out may induce some of your talented contri-
butors to follow up the subject.

John o' the Foed.

Malta.

THE SCABLET REGIMENTALS OF THE ENGLISH
ARMY.

When was the English soldier first dressed in
red ? It has been said the yeomen of the guard
(vulgo Beef-eaters) were the company which ori-
ginally wore that coloured uniform ; but, seventy
years before they were established, viz. temp.
Henry V., it appears the military uniform of his
army was red :

" Rex vestit suos rubro, et parat transire in Nor-
maniam." — Archaolog. Soc. Antiquary Lond., vol. xxi.
p. 292.

William III. not only preferred that colour, but
he thought it degrading to the dignity of his
soldiers that the colour should be adopted for the
dress of any inferior class of persons ; and there is
an order now extant, signed by Henry, sixth Duke
of Norfolk, as Earl Marshal, dated Dec. 20, 1698,

" Forbidding any persons to use for their liveries scar-
let or red cloth, or stuff; except his Majesty's servants
and guards, and those belonging to the royal family
or foreign ministers."

William IV., who had as much of true old
English feeling as any monarch who ever swayed
the English sceptre, ordered scarlet to be the
universal colour of our Light Dragoons; but two
or three years afterwards he was prevailed upon,
from some fancy of those about him, to return to
the blue again. Still, it is well known that dress-
ing our Light Dragoons in the colour prevailing

56

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

-with other nations has led to serious mistakes in
time of action. A.

:8Sui0r Puttied.

Serkhampstead Records. — Where are the re-
cords of the now extinct corporation of Great
Berkhampstead, co. Herts, incorporated 1618?
And when did it cease to exercise corporate rights,
and why ? J. K.

" The secunde personne of the Trinetee "
(Vol. viii., p. 131.).— What does the "old En-
glish Homily" mean by "a womanne who was the
secunde personne of the Trinetee ? " J. P. S.

St. Johns, Oxford, and Emmanuel, Cambridge. —
Can your readers give me any information re-
specting Thomas Collis, B.A., of St. John's Col-
lege, Oxford, ordained priest by Richard (Rey-
nolds), Bishop of Lincoln, at Buckden, 29th May,
1743 ? What church preferment did he hold,
where did he die, and where was he buried ?

Also of John Clendon, B.D., Fellow of Em-
manuel College, Cambridge, who was presented to
the vicarage of Brompton-Regis, Somerset, by
his College, in or about the year 1752 ? His cor-
respondence with the Fellows of Emmanuel is
amusing, as giving an insight into the every-day
life of Cambridge a century ago. You shall have
a letter or two ere long as a specimen.

Thomas Collis.

Boston.

" Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre." — Some years
ago, at a book-stall in Paris, I met with a work in
one volume, being a dissertation in French on the
origin and early history of the once popular song,
".Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre." It seemed to
contain much information of a curious and inte-
resting character ; and the author's name, if I
remember rightly, is Blanchard. I have since
made several attempts to discover the title of the
book, with the view of procuring a copy of it, but
without success. Can any of your readers assist
me in this matter ? Henry H. Bkeen.

St. Lucia.

Prelate quoted in Procopius. — In the 25 th
note (a), chap, xl., of Gibbon's Decline and Fall,
there is a quotation from Procopius. Can any of
your readers conjecture who is meant by the
" learned prelate now deceased," who was fond of
quoting the said passage. 2.

The Alibenistic Order of Freemasons. — Can
any of your readers, masonic or otherwise, inform
me what is meant by this order of Freemasons ?
The work of Henry O'Brien on the Round Towers
of Ireland is dedicated to them, and in his preface
they are much eulogised. H. W. D.

Saying respecting Ancient History. — In Nie-
buhr's Lectures on Ancient History, vol. i. p. 355.,
I find —

" An ingenious man once said, ' It is thought that at
length people will come to read ancient history as if
it had really happened,' a remark which is really excel-
lent."

Who was this "ingenious man" ?

J. P.

An Apology for not speaking the Truth. — Can any
of your correspondents kindly inform me where
the German song can be found from which the
following lines are taken ?

" When first on earth the truth was born,
She crept into a hunting-horn ;
The hunter came, the horn was blown,

But where truth went, was never known."

w. w.

Malta.

Sir John Morant. — In the fourth volume of
Sir John Froissart's Chronicles, and in the tenth
and other chapters, he mentions the name of a
Sir John Morant, Knight, or Sir John of Chatel
Morant, who lived in 1390-6. How can I find
out his pedigree ? or whether he is an ancestor
of the Hampshire family of Morants, or of the
Rev. Philip Morant ? H. II. M.

Malta.

Portrait of Plowden. — Is any portrait of Ed-
mund Plowden the lawyer known to exist ? and if
so, where ? P. P. P.

Temperature of Cathedrals. — Can any of your
readers favour me with a report from observation
of the greatest and least heights of the thermo-
meter in the course of a year, in one of our large
cathedrals ?

I am informed that Professor Phillips, in a
geological work, has stated that the highest and
lowest temperatures in York Minster occur about
five weeks after the solstices ; but it does not ap-
pear that the altitudes are named. T.

Dr. Eleazar Duncon. — Dr. Eleazar Duncon
was of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, D.D., anno
1633, Rector of Houghton Regis same year, Chap-
lain to King Charles I., Prebendary of Durham.
He is supposed to have died during the interreg-
num. Can any of your correspondents say when
or where ? D. D.

The Duhe of Buckingham. — Do the books of the
Honorable Society of the Middle Temple disclose
any particulars relating to a " scandalous letter,"
believed to have been written by " a Templar"
to George Villiers, the Great Duke of Bucking-
ham, in 1626, the year before his grace was assas-
sinated by Felton ; which letter was found by a
servant of the inn in a Temple drinking-pot, by

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

51

whom it was handed over to the then treasurer of
the Society, Nicholas Hide, Esq. ? and was the
author of such scandalous letter ever discovered
and prosecuted ? Cestriensis.

Cha?-les Watson. — Can any of your readers give
me any account of Charles Watson, of Hertford
College, Oxford, author of poems, and Charles the
First, a tragedy ?

I believe a short memoir of this author was
to have appeared in Blackwood's Magazine (the
second volume, I think) ; it was never published,
however. A. Z.

Early (German) coloured Engravings. — I have
six old coloured engravings, which I suppose to
be part of a series, as they are numbered re-
spectively 1, 2. 4. 11, 12, 14. They are mounted
■ on panels ; and on the back of each is a piece
of vellum, on which some descriptive verses
in old German have been written. The ink re-
tains its blackness ; but dirt, mildew, and ill usage
have rendered nearly all the inscriptions illegible,
and greatly damaged the pictures ; yet, through
the laborious colouring and the stains, good draw-
ing and expression are visible. Perhaps a brief
description may enable some of your readers to
tell me whether they are known.

Nos. 1. and 11. are so nearly obliterated, that I
will not attempt to describe them. No. 2. seems
to be St. George attacking the dragon. The in-
scription is :

" Hier merke Sohn gar schnell und bald,
Von grausam schwartzen Thier im Wald."

No. 4. A stag and a unicorn :

" Man ist von No thin dass ihr wiszt,
Im Wald ein Hirsch und Eikhorn ist."

No. 12. An old man with wings, and a younger
wearing a crown and sword. They are on the
top of a mountain overlooking the sea. The sUn
is in the left corner, and the moon and stars on the
Tight. The perspective is very good. Inscription
obliterated.

No. 14. The same persons, and a king on his
throne. The elder in the background ; the
younger looking into the king's mouth, which is
opened to preternatural wideness :

" Sohn in dein Abwesen war ich tod,
Und mein Leben in grosser Noth ;
Aber in dein Beysein thue ich leben,
Dein WiderkunfFt mir Freudt thut geben."

The inscription is long, but of the rest only a
word here and there is legible. Any information
on this subject will oblige, H.

ffiinav Atttrtaf forth ShuttocrS.

History of M. Oufle. — Johnson, in his Life of
Pope, says of the Memoirs of Scriblerus :

" The design cannot boast of much originality : for,
besides its general resemblance to Don Quixote, there
will be found in it particular imitations of the History
of M. Oufle."

What is the History of M. Oufle ? L. M.

[ The History of the Religious Extravagancies of Mon-
sieur Oufle is a remarkable book, written by the Abbe
Bordelon, and first published, we believe, at Amster-
dam, in 2 vols., 1710. The Paris edition of 1754, in
2 vols., entitled UHistoire des Imaginations Extrava-
gantes de Monsieur Oufle, is the best, as it contains some
curious illustrations. From the title-page we learn
that the work was " Occasioned by the author having
read books treating of magic, the black art, demoniacs,
conjurors, witches, hobgoblins, incubuses, succubuses,
and the diabolical Sabbath ; of elves, fairies, wanton
spirits, geniuses, spectres, and ghosts ; of dreams, the
philosopher's stone, judicial astrology, horoscopes,
talismans, lucky and unlucky days, eclipses, comets,
and all sorts of apparitions, divinations, charms, en-
chantments, and other superstitious practices ; with
notes containing a multitude of quotations out of those
books which have either caused such extravagant ima-
ginations, or may serve to cure them." If any of our
readers should feel inclined to collect what we may
term " A Diabolical Library," he has only to consult
vol. i. ch. iii. for a catalogue of the principal books in
Mons. Oufle's study, which is the most curious list of
the black art we have ever seen. An English trans-
lation of these Religious Extravagancies was published
in 1711.]

Ly sons' MSS. — Is the present repository of
the MS. notes, used by Messrs. Lysons in editing
their great work, the Magna Britannia, known ?

T. P. L.

[The topographical collections made by the Rev.
Daniel Lysons for the Magna Britannia and the En-
virons of London, making sixty-four volumes, are in
the British Museum, Add. MSS. 9408—9471. They
were presented by that gentleman.]

"Luke's Lron Crown" (Goldsmith's Traveller^
last line but two). To whom does this refer, and
what are the particulars ? P. J. (A Subscriber).

[This Query is best answered by the following note
from Mr. P. Cunningham's new edition of Goldsmith :

" When Tom Davies, at the request of Granger,
asked Goldsmith about this line, Goldsmith referred
him for an explanation of ' Luke's iron crown' to a
book called Geographie Curieuse ; and added, that by
< Damiens' bed of steel ' he meant the rack. See
Granger's Letters, 8vo., 1805, p. 52.

" George and Luke Dosa were two brothers who
headed an unsuccessful revolt against the Hungarian
nobles at the opening of the sixteenth century : and
George (not Luke) underwent the torture of the red-

58

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

hot iron crown, as a punishment for allowing himself
to be proclaimed King of Hungary (1513)*by the
rebellious peasants (see Biographie Universelle, xi.
604.). The two brothers belonged to one of the native
races of Transylvania called Szecklers, or Zecklers
(Forster's Goldsmith, i. 395., edit. 1854)."]

" Horam coram Dago" — In the first volume
of Lavengro, p. 89. :

" From the river a chorus plaintive, wild, the words
of which seem in memory's ear to sound like ' Horam
coram Dago,' "

I have somewhere read a. song, the chorus or
refrain of which contained these three words.
Can any of your readers explain ? X

[Our correspondent is thinking of the song " Amo,
amas," by O'Keefe, which will be found in The Uni-
versal Songster, vol. i. p. 52., and other collections.
We subjoin the chorus :

" Rorum coram,
Sunt divorum,
Harum scarum
Divo !
Tag rag, merry derry, perriwig and hat-band,
Hie hoc horum genitivo ! "]

HOBY FAMILY.

(Vol. ix., p. 19.)

Many years have passed away since I went over
Bisham Abbey ; but I was then informed that any
family portraits belonging to the old House had
been taken away by the widow of Sir John Hoby
Mill, Baronet, who sold the property to Mr. George
Vansittart in 1780, or shortly afterwards. I am
not aware that there are any engraved portraits
of the Hobys, excepting those mentioned by your
correspondent Mr. Whitborne, which form part
of the series of Holbein's Heads, published in
1792 by John Chamberlaine, from the original
drawings still in the royal collection. In the
meagre account of the persons represented in that
work, Lady Hoby is described as " Elizabeth, one
of the four daughters of Sir Antony Cooke, of
Gidea Hall, Essex," and widow of Sir Thomas
Hoby, who died in 1566, at Paris, whilst on an
embassy there. The lady remarried John Lord
Russell, eldest son of Francis, second Earl of
Bedford, whom she also survived, and deceasing
23rd of July, 1584, was buried in Bisham Church,
in which she had erected a chapel containing
splendid monuments to commemorate her husbands
and herself. The inscriptions will be found in
Ashmole's Berkshire, vol. ii. p. 464., and in Wot-
ton's Baronetage, vol. iv. p. 504., where the Hoby
crest is given as follows ; " On a chapeau gules
turned up ermine, a wolf regreant argent." The

armorial bearings are described very minutely in
Edward Steele's Account of Bisham Church,
Gough MSS., vol. xxiv., Bodleian, which contains
some other notices of the parish. Braybrooke.

POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.

(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452. 626.)

I send two specimens from this neighbourhood,
which may, perhaps, be worth inserting in your
columns.

The first is from a public-house on the Basing-
stoke road, about two miles from this town. The
sign- board exhibits on one side "the lively
effigies " of a grenadier in full uniform, holding in
his hand a foaming pot of ale, on which he gazes
apparently with much complacency and satisfaction.
On the other side are these lines :
" This is the Whitley Grenadier,

A noted house for famous beer.

My friend, if you should chance to call,

Beware and get not drunk withal ;

Let moderation be your guide,

It answers well whene'er 'tis try'd.

Then use but not abuse strong beer,

And don't forget the Grenadier."

The next specimen, besides being of a higher
class, has somewhat of an historical interest. In
a secluded part of the Oxfordshire hills, at a place
called Collins's End, situated between Hardwick
House and Goring Heath, is a neat little rustic
inn, having for its sign a well-executed portrait of
Charles I. There is a tradition that this unfor-
tunate monarch, while residing as a prisoner at
Caversham, rode one day, attended by an escort,
into this part of the country, and hearing that
there was a bowling-green at this inn, frequented
by the neighbouring gentry, struck down to the
house, and endeavoured to forget his sorrows for
awhile in a game at bowls. This circumstance is
alluded to in the following lines, which are written
beneath the sign-board :

" Stop, traveller, stop ; in yonder peaceful glade,
His favourite game the royal martyr play'd ;
Here, stripp'd of honours, children, freedom, rank,
Drank from the bowl, and bowl'd for what he drank ;
Sought in a cheerful glass his cares to drown,
And changed his guinea, ere he lost his crown."

The sign, which seems to be a copy from Van-
dyke, though much faded from exposure to the
weather, evidently displays an amount of artistic
skill that is not usually to be found among common
sign-painters. I once made some inquiries about
it of the people of the house, but the only inform-
ation they could give me was that they believed it
to have been painted in London. G. T.

Reading.

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

59

TRANSLATION FROM SHERIDAN, ETC.

(Vol. viii., p. 563.)

I cannot furnish Balliolensis with the trans-
lation from Sheridan he requires, but I am ac-
quainted with that from Goldsmith. It is to be
found somewhere in Valpy's Classical Journal.
As that work is in forty volumes, and not at hand,
I am not able to give a more precise reference.
I recollect, however, a few of the lines at the
beginning :
" Incola deserti, gressus refer, atque precanti
Sis mihi noctivagas dux, bone amice, viae ;
Dirige qua lampas solatia luce benigna
Praebet, et hospitii munera grata sui.
Solus enim tristisque puer deserta per agro,

iEgre membra trahens deficiente pede,
Qua, spatiis circum immensis porrecta, patescunt
Me visa augeri progrediente, loca."
" Ulterius ne perge," senex, "jam mitte vagari,
Teque iterum noctis, credere, amice, dolis :
Luce trahit species certa in discrimina fati,
Ah nimium nescis quo malefida trahat !
Hie inopi domus, hie requies datur usque vaganti,

Parvaque quantumvis dona, libente manu.
Ergo verte pedes, caliginis imminet hora,

Sume libens quidquid parvula cella tenet . . ."

No doubt there is a copy of the Classical Journal

in the Bodleian ; and if Balliolensis can give me

volume and page, I in turn shall be much obliged

to him. Htpatia.

The lines to which your correspondent Ballio-
lensis refers —

" Conscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat."

are a translation of the song in Sheridan's Duenna,
Act I. Sc. 2., beginning —

" I ne'er could any lustre see," &c.
They were done by Marmaduke Lawson, of St.
John's College, Cambridge, for the Pitt Scholar-
ship in 1814, for which he was successful :
" Phyllidis effugiunt nos lumina. Dulcia sunto.
Pulcra licet, nobis haud ea pulcra micant.
Nectar erat labiis, dum spes erat ista tenendi,

Spes perit, isque simul, qui erat ante, decor.
Votis me Galatea petit. Caret arte puella,

Parque rosis tenero vernat in ore color :
Sed nihil ista juvant. Forsan tamen ista juvabunt.

Si jaceant, victa marte, rubore genae :
Pura manus mollisque fluit. Neque credere possum.

Ut sit vera fides, ista premenda mihi est.
Nee bene credit amor (nam res est plena timoris),

Conscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat.
Ecce movet pectus suspiria. Pectora nostris

Ista legenda oculis, si meus urat amor.
Et, nostri modo cura memor nostrique caloris

Tangat earn, facere id non pudor ullus erit."
I have not sent the English, as it can be easily
got at. The other translation I am not acquainted
with. B_

IXORINS AND THE ROYAL ARMS.

(Vol. viii., p. 621.)

The placing of the royal arms in four separate
shields in the form of a cross first occurred upon
the medals struck upon the nativity of King
Charles II., anno 1630 ; and adopted upon the
reverse of the coins for the first time in 1662,
upon the issue of what was then termed the im-
proved milled coin, where the arms are so placed,
having the star of the Garter in the centre ; the
crowns intersecting the legend, and two crowns
interlaced in each quarter. The shields, as here
marshalled, are each surmounted by a crown ;
having in the top and bottom shield France and
England quarterly, Ireland on the dexter side
(which is the second place), and on the sinister
Scotland.* But on the milled money which fol-
lowed, France and England being borne separately,
that of France, which had been constantly borne
in the first quarter singly until James I., and after-
wards in the first place quarterly with England,
is placed in the bottom shield or fourth quarter.
Mr. Leake, in his Historical Account of English
Money 'f, after remarking that this irregular bear-
ing first appeared upon the nativity medals of
Charles II. in 1630, where the shields are placed
in this manner, adds, that this was no doubt
originally owing to the ignorance of the graver,
who knew no other way to place the arms circu-
larly than following each other, like the titles,
unless (as I have heard, says he) that the arms of
each kingdom might fall under the respective title
in the legend; and this witty conceit has ever
since prevailed upon the coin, except in some of
King William and Queen Mary's money, where the
arms are rightly marshalled in one shield. That
this was owing to the ignorance of the workman,
and not with any design to alter the disposition
of the arms, is evident from the arms upon the
great seal, where France is borne quarterly with
England, in the first and fourth quarters, as it was
likewise used upon all other occasions, until the
alteration occasioned by the union with Scotland
in 1707.

In reference to the arrangement consequent
upon the union with Scotland, he observes that,
how proper soever the impaling the arms of the
two kingdoms was in other respects, it appeared
with great impropriety upon the money. The four
escocheons in cross had hitherto been marshalled
in their circular order from the left, whereby
the dexter escocheon was the fourth ; accord-
ing to which order the united arms, being quar-
tered first and fourth, would have fallen together ;
therefore they were placed at the top and bottom,

* Evelyn's Discourse, edit. 1696, p. 121.
f London, 8vo., 1745, 2nd edit., then Clarenceux
King of Arms, and afterwards Garter.

60

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 221.

which indeed was right : but then France by the
same rule was then in the third place, and Ireland
in the second ; unless to reconcile it we make a
rule contrary to all rule, to take sinister first and
dexter second.

In the coinage of King George I., the re-
presentation of the armorial bearings in four
separate shields, as upon the milled money of
King Charles II., was continued. In the upper-
most escocheon, England impaling Scotland ; the
dexter the arms of his Majesty's electoral domi-
nions ; sinister France ; and in the bottom one
Ireland, all crowned with the imperial crown of
Great Britain. The marshalling of the four esco-
cheons in this manner might and ought to have
been objected to by the heralds (has it been
brought under their cognizance ?), because it ap-
pears by many instances, as well as upon coins and
medals of the emperors and several princes of the
empire, that arms marshalled in this circular form
are blazoned, not in the circular order, but from
the dexter and sinister alternately ; and thus the
emperor at that time bore eleven escocheons round
the imperial eagle. In like manner, upon the
money of Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick, we
see the crest with a circle of eleven escocheons in
the same order. The same order is observed in
marshalling the escocheons of the seven provinces
of Holland ; and there is a coin of the Emperor
Ferdinand, another of Gulick, and a third of
Erick, Bishop of Osnaburgh, with four escocheons
in cross, and four sceptres exactly resembling the
English coins. That it was not altered therefore
at that time, the mistake being so evident, can be
attributed only to the length of time the error
had prevailed ; so hard is it to correct an error in
the first instance whereby the arms of his Majesty's
German dominions, which occupy the fourth quar-
ter in the royal arms, do in fact upon the money
occupy the second place ; a mistake however so
apparent, as well by the bearing upon other oc-
casions as by the arms of Ireland, which be-
fore occupied the same escocheon, that nothing
was meant thereby to the dishonour of the other
arms ; but that being now established, it is the
English method of so marshalling arms in cross or
in circle, or rather that they have no certain
method.

Until the union with Scotland, the dexter was
the fourth escocheon ; from that time the bottom
one was fourth ; now the dexter was again the
fourth. Such is the force of precedent in per-
petuating error, that the practice has prevailed
even to the present time : and it may be inferred,
that fancy and effect are studied by the engraver
before propriety. No valid reason can be ad-
vanced for placing the arms in separate shields
after their declared union under one imperial
crown. J.

CHRONOGRAMS.

(Vol. viii., p. 351. &c.)

The banks of the Rhine furnish abundant ex-
amples of this literary pleasantry: chronograms
are as thick as blackberries. I send you a dozen,
gathered during a recent tour. Each one was
transcribed by myself.

1. Cologne Cathedral, 1722 ; on a beam in a
chapel, on the south side of the choir :

" rLv. VIrgInIs MarI* soDaLItas annos s.<eCV-
LarI reno Vat."

2. Poppelsdorf Church, near Bonn. 1812 :
"paroChIaLIs teMpLI rVInIs ^DIeICabar." ]

3. Bonn ; on the base of a crucifix outside the
minster, on the north side. 1711 :

"glorifiCate

ET
PORTATE DeVM

In Corpore Vestro.
1 Cor. 6."

4. Bonn ; within the minster. 1770 :

" CapItVLVM

patron Is pIe

DICaVIt."

5. Aix-la-Chapelle ; on the baptistery. 1660:

"sacrvM
paroChIaLe DIVI johannIs

BAPtIsT^E."

6. Aix-la-Chapelle. — St. Michael ; front of west
gallery. 1821 :

"sVM pIa CIVItatIs
LIberaLItate renoVata DeCorata."

7. Aix-la-Chapelle, under the above. 1852 :

"eCCe

MIChaeLIs

aeDes."

8. Konigswinter ; on the base of a crucifix at
the northern end of the village. 1726 :

"In VnIVs VerI aC In

CarnatI DeI honoreM

posVere.

Joannes Petrus Mumrer kt

Maria Gengers Conjuges

2 da. Septembris."

9. Konigswinter ; over the principal door of the
church. 1828:

" es 1st seInes Men Cher WohnUng sonDem eIn

herrLIChes haUsz Unseres gottes, i. b. d. ker.

er. 29. c. v. I."

10. Konigswinter ; under the last. 1778 :
" VnI sanCtIssIMo Deo, patrI atqVk

fiLIo spIrItVIqVe sanCto."

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

61

11. Konigswinter ; under the last. 1779:

"erIgor sVb MaX. frIDerICo konIgsegg ak-
tIstIte CoLonIensI pIe gVbernante."

12. Coblenz. — S. Castor ; round the arch of the
■west door. 1765 :

" DIro MarIa IVngfraV reIn
Las CobLenz aubefohLen seIn."

Of these, Nos. 9, 10. and 11. are incised on one
stone, the letters indicating the chronogram being
rubricated capitals ; but in No. 10. the second 1
in " filio," and the first I in " spirituique," though
capitals, are not in red. I shall be much obliged
to any of your correspondents who can supply a
complete or corrected copy of the following chro-
nogram, from the Kreutzberg, near Bonn. The
height at which it was placed, and its defective
colour, prevented me from deciphering the whole;
nor do 1 vouch for the correctness of the subjoined
portion :

"sCaLa IesV pr
nobis passi . a . .
CLeMente aVgVsto

antIstIte
CoLonIensI pIe
a Vg Vst
pretIosi

eXstrV."

Some parts of this inscription might be conjec-
turally supplied ; but I prefer presenting it as I
was able to transcribe it. The staircase in question
was erected by the Elector Clement Augustus, in
or about 1725, in imitation of the Scala Santa at
Home. (See Murray *s Handbook.)

W. Sparrow Simpson.

(Vol. viii., pp.364. 471.)

In Primate Colton's Metropolitan Visitation of
the Diocese of Derry, a.d. 1397, edited by the
Rev. William Reeves, D.D., it is stated, at p. 44.,
that several persons therein mentioned took their
oath "tactis sacrosanctis Evangeliis;" and in a
note Dr. Reeves says that —

" Until the arrival of the English the custom of swear-
ing on the holy evangelists was unknown to the Irish,
who resorted instead to croziers, bells, and other sacred
reliquaries, to give solemnity to their declarations.
Even when the Gospels were used, it was not uncom-
mon to introduce some other object to render the oath
doubly binding. Thus in a monition directed by
Primate Prene to O'Neill, he requires him to be sworn
' tactis sacrosanctis Dei evangeliis ad ea, et super Ba-
culum Jesu in ecclesia cathedrali Sanetae Trinitatis
Dublin.' {Reg. Prene, fob 117.)"

The following lines upon the subject in ques-
tion will be found in the lied Book of the Irish
Exchequer :

» Qui jurat super librum tria facit.

" Primo quasi diceret omnia que scripta sunt in hoc
libro nunquam mihi perficiant neque lex nova neque
vetus si mencior in hoc juramento.

" Secundo apponit manum super librum quasi di-
ceret numquam bona opera que feci michi proficiant
ante faciem Jeshu Christi nisi veritatem dicam quando
per manus significentur opera.

" Tercio et ultimo osculatur librum quasi diceret
numquam oraciones neque preces quas dixi per os
meum michi ad salutem anime valeant si falsitatem
dicam in hoc juramento michi apposito."

Judging by the character of the handwriting,
I would say that the above-mentioned lines were
written not later than the time of Edward I. ; and
as many of the vellum leaves of this book have
been sadly disfigured, as well by the pressure of
lips as by tincture of galls, I am inclined to think
that official oaths were formerly taken in the
Court of Exchequer of Ireland by presenting the
book when opened to the person about to be
sworn in the manner at this day used (as we are
informed by Honore de Mareville) in the Eccle-
siastical Court at Guernsey.

It appears by an entry in one of the Order
Books of the Exchequer, deposited in the Exche-
quer Record Office, Four Courts, Dublin, that in
James I.'s time the oath of allegiance was taken
upon bended knee. The entry to which I refer is
in the following words :

"Easter Term, Wednesday, 22nd 'April, 1618. —
Memorandum : This day at first sitting of the court, the
lord threasurer, vice threasurer, and all the barons being
present on the bench, the lord chauncellor came hither
and presented before them Thomas Hibbotts, esq., with
his Majesty's letters patents of the office of chauncellor
of this court to him graunted, to hold and execute the
said office during his naturall life, which being read
the said lord chauncellor first ministred unto him the
oath of the King's supremacy, which hee tooke kneel-
ing on his knee, and presently after ministred unto
him the oath ordayned for the said officer, as the same
is contayned of record in the redd booke of this court;
all which being donn the said lord chauncellor placed
him on the bench on the right hand of the lord threa-
surer, and then departed this court."

James F. Ferguson.
Dublin.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Splitting Paper for Photographic Purposes If the

real and practical mode of effecting this were disclosed,
it would be (in many cases) a valuable aid to the
photographer. I have had many negative calotypes
ruined by red stains on the back (but not affecting the
impressed side of the paper) ; which, could the paper

62

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

have been split, would in all probability have been
available, and printed well.

I was sorry to see in " N. & Q." (Vol. viii., p. 604.)
an article under this head which went the round of
the papers several months ago. Anything more im-
practicable and ridiculously absurd than the directions
there given can hardly be imagined : " cylinders of
amber !" or " cylinders of metallic amalgam 1 !" *' excited
in the usual manner," &c. I presume electrical excita-
tion is intended. Though, how cylinders of metal are
to receive electrical excitation, and to have sufficient
attractive power over a sheet of paper as to rend it
asunder, would be a problem which I believe even a
Faraday could not solve : neither would excited glass
cylinders effect the object any better ; or if they could,
it would be erecting a wheel to break a fly upon.

The whole proposition must originally have been a
hoax : in fact, we live in a day when the masses of the
people are easily induced to believe that electricity can
do everything.

Another, and far more feasible plan has been pro-
posed (" N. & Q,.," Vol. viii., p. 413.), viz. to paste the
paper to be split between two pieces of calico or linen ;
and when perfectly dry, part them. One half, it is
said, will adhere to each piece of the linen, and may
afterwards be obtained or set free from the linen by
soaking.

I have tried this with partial, but not satisfactory
success. It will be remembered that the results of the
true process were some years ago exhibited before a
scientific company (I think at the Royal Institution),
when a page of the London Illustrated News was first
exhibited in its usual condition, printed on both sides ;
and was then taken to an adjoining apartment, and in
a short time (perhaps a quarter of an hour) re-exhibited
to the company split into two lamina?, each being per-
fect. Neither the pasting plan, nor the electrical gam-
mon, could have effected this. I hope some of your
readers (they are a legion) will confer on photogra-
phers the favour of informing them of this art.

COKELY.

Curling of Iodized Paper. — The difficulty which
your correspondent C. E- F. has met with, in iodizing
paper according to Da. Diamond's valuable and simple
process, may be easily obviated.

I experienced the same annoyance of "curling up"
till it was suggested to me to damp the paper pre-
viously to floating it. I have since always adopted
this expedient, and find it answer perfectly. The
method I employ for damping it is to leave it for a
few hours previously to using it upon the bricks in my
cellar : and I have no doubt but that, if C. E. F. will
try the same plan, he will be equally satisfied with the
result. W. F. W.

How the Glass Rod is used. — Would you be kind
enough to inform me how paper is prepared or excited
with the glass rod in the calotype process? Is the
solution first poured on the paper, and then equally
diffused over it with the rod ? Duthus.

[The manner in which the glass rod is to be used
for exciting or developing is very simple, although
not easily described. The operator must provide him-

self with some pieces of thin board, somewhat larger
than the paper intended to be used ; on one of these
two or three folds of blotting-paper are to be laid, and
on these the paper intended to be excited, and which is
to be kept steady by pins at the top and bottom right-
hand corners, and the forefinger of the left hand. The
operator, having ready in a small measure about thirty
drops of the exciting fluid, takes the glass rod in his
right hand, moves it steadily over the paper from the
right hand to the left, where he keeps it, while with
the left hand he pours the exciting fluid over the side of
the glass rod, and moving this to and fro once or twice
to secure an equal portion of the exciting fluid along
the whole length of the rod ; he then moves the rod
from left to right and back again, until he has ascer-
tained that the whole surface is covered, taking care
that none of the exciting fluid runs over the side of
the paper, as it is then apt to discolour the back of it.
When the whole surface has been thoroughly wetted,
the superfluous fluid is to be blotted off with a piece
of new blotting-paper.]

&t$lit£ ta junior ^utvitS.

Wooden Tombs and Effigies (Vol. viii., p. 604.).
— In addition to that mentioned by J. E. J., there
is a wooden chest in the centre of the chancel of
Burford Church, in the county of Salop, with a
figure in plated armour on the top ; the head
resting on a helmet supported by two angels, and
at the feet a lion crowned. An ornament of oak
leaves runs round the chest, at the ed^e. This
effigy is supposed to represent one of the Corn-
wall family, the ancient, but now extinct, barons
of Burford. As I am preparing, with a view to
publication, a history of this very ancient family,
with an account of the curious and interesting
monuments in Burford and other churches, I
should esteem it a favour if any of your corre-
spondents could furnish me with authentic in-
formation relative to any members of the family,
or of any memorials of them in other churches
than those of Worcestershire and Shropshire.

J. B. Whitborne.

Epitaph on Politian (Vol. viii., p. 537.). — Har-
wood's Alumni Etonenses, a.d. 1530, Hen. VIII.,
p. 22. :

" Edward Bovington was born at Burnham, and was
buried in the chapel. Some member of the College
made these lines on him :

• Uiium caput tres linguas habet,
(Res mira !) Bovingtonus.' "

This member must have seen Politian's epitaph.

J. H. L.

Defoe's Quotation from Baxter on Apparitions
(Vol. ix., p. 12.). — The story copied by Da. Mait-
land from Defoe's Life of Duncan Campbell, is
to be found nearly word for word in pp. 60, 61. of

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

63

The Certainly of the Worlds of Spirits fully evinced
by the unquestionable Histories of Apparitions, SfC,
by Richard Baxter, London, 1691. I can trace
no mention of the Dr. Beaumont, author of the
Treatise of Spirits, unless he be the "eminent
apothecary in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,"
stated by Nichols (Literary Anecdotes, vol. ix.
p. 239.) to be the father of Mr. Beaumont, Regis-
trar of the Royal Humane Society. 'AXieis.
Dublin.

Barrels Regiment (Vol. viii., p. 620.). — If the
song referring to Barrel's regiment was written
about 1747, it was not original, but a parody or
adaptation of one in The Devil to Pay, performed
as a ballad opera in 1731 ; and which still main-
tains its place, if not on the stage, in recent edi-
tions of the " acting drama." 1 have not an old
edition of the play, but quote from a collection
of songs called The Nightingale, London, 1738,
p. 232. :

" He that has the best wife,

She's the plague of bis life ;
But for her that will scold and will quarrel,

Let him cut her off short,

Of her meat and her sport,
And ten times a day hoop her barrel, brave boys,

And ten times a day hoop her barrel."

May I append a Query to my reply ? Was The
Nightingale published with a frontispiece? My
copy is mutilated, but has belonged to some per-
son who valued it much more highly than I do, as
he has neatly repaired and replaced torn leaves
and noted deficiencies. Prefixed is a mounted
engraving of a bird in the act of singing, which,
if intended for a nightingale, is really curious ; as
it is of the size and shape of a pheasant, with cor-
vine legs and beak, and a wattle round the eye
like that of a barb pigeon. The book is " printed
and sold by J. Osborn," and shows that the post
assigned to him in The Dunciad was not worse
than he deserved. H. B. C.

Garrick Club.

[Our correspondent seems to have the veritable
original engraving ; the nightingale or pheasant, or
whatever it may be, is mounted on a branch over a
stream near to three houses, and a village on its banks
is seen in the distance.]

Sneezing (Vol. viii., pp. 366. 624.). — To the
very interesting illustrations given by Mr. Francis
Scott of the ancient superstitions associated with
sternutation, 1 should like to add one not less
curious than any which he has given. It is re-
corded in Xenophon's Anabasis, lib. iii. cap. 2.

At the council of Greek generals, held after the
death of Cyrus, Xenophon rose and made a speech.
He set before his comrades the treachery of their
late associate Ariseus ; the serious difficulties
attendant upon the position of the Greeks ; and the

necessity for immediate and vigorous action. Just
as he had alluded to the probability of a severe con-
flict, and had invoked the aid of the gods, one of
the company sneezed. He paused for a moment
in his harangue, and every one present did reve-
rence (TcpooeKov-ntrav) to Jupiter. The circumstance
seemed to give new spirit and fortitude to the
whole assembly; and when Xenophon resumed,
he said, " Even now, my comrades, while we were
talking of safety, Zeus the saviour has sent us an
omen ; and I think it would become us to offer to
the god a sacrifice of thanksgiving for our pre-
servation." He then, in the manner of a modern
chairman at Exeter Hall, invited all of that opinion
to hold up their hands. This appeal having met
a unanimous response, they all made their vows,
sung the paean, and the orator proceeded with his
discourse.

The adoration of the god, or the use of some
auspicious words or religious formulary, appears to
have been designed to avert any evil which might
possibly be portended by the omen. It seems by
no means certain that it was always regarded as
favourable. Xenophon, in the case referred to,
contrived very adroitly to turn the incident to
good account, and to interpret it as a sign of the
divine favour. The form of one of the sentences
I have translated —

"'Errel irtpl o-air-qpias T)yua>v Key6vjwt> olwvbs rod
Aibs- rov 2 a> t rj p o s e(pav%"

affords a little illustration of the benediction in
current use among the Greeks on such occasions,
" Zeu oacov" J- G. F.

Does " Wurm" in modern German, ever mean
Serpent? (Vol. viii., pp. 465. 624.). — F. W. J. is
quite right as regards his interpretation of the
word Wurm, used by Schiller in his Wallenstein
in the passage spoken by Butler.

Wurm is not used in German to mean a ser-
pent. Serpents (Schlangen) are vertebrata, and
are therefore not confounded with Wurmer by the
Germans. The language of the people frames
proverbs, not the language of science. The Ger-
mans apply the word Wurm to express pity or
contempt. The mother says to her sick child,
"Armes Wurmchen!" signifying poor, suffering,
little creature. Man to man, in order to express
contempt, will say "Elender Wurm!" meaning
miserable wretch; an application arising out of
the contemplation of the helpless state and in-
ferior construction of this division of the animal
kingdom. The German proverb corresponds to
the English. C. B. d'O.

Longfellow's Reaper and the Flowers (Vol. viii.,
p. 583.). — This charge of plagiarism, I think, is
not a substantial one. To compare Death to a
reaper, and children to flowers, is a very general
idea, and may be thought by thousands, and ex-

64

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

pressed in nearly the same words which Long-
fellow, and before him Luisa Reichardt, have
used. The first line of the two respective poems
are certainly word for word the same, but that is
all ; although the tendency of both poems is the
same. Longfellow's poem is much superior to
that of L. Keichardt ; for, while the former has a
beautiful clothing, colouring, and harmony, the
latter is very crude, poor, and defective. Long-
fellow's long residence in Germany has indeed
rendered him very susceptible to the form and
spirit of German poetry, and hence there exist in
his poems frequently affinities as to general forms
and ideas : still, affinities arising from such causes
cannot justly be termed plagiarism, much less the
accidental choice of a very widely existent, natural
thought. When Byron wrote his opening line to
The Bride of Abydos, he did not probably think
of Gothe's

" Konnst du das Land wo die Citronen bliihen ? "

Byron was not a German scholar ; and as the
opening line is the only analogy between the two
poems, we may justly believe it natural for any
one who has lived in southern lands, to ask such
a question. The charge of plagiarism, I think,
ought to rest upon grounds which evince an actual
copying. C. B. d'O.

Charge of Plagiarism against Paley (Vol. viii.,
p. 589.).— As a personal friend of the gentleman
who, under the name of Veritas, brought, about
five years ago, a charge of plagiarism against
Paley, I feel called upon to say a few words to
Fiat Just.

Truth cannot be refuted ; and F. J. may look
at the translation of the old Dutch book of Nieu-
wentyt's, which he will find in the British Mu-
seum library, the same place where Veritas made
the discovery while examining the works of some
continental metaphysicians : and Fiat Just, will
then no doubt regret having made the rash and
illogical observation, " that the accusation be re-
futed, or the culprit consigned to that contempt,"
&c. The character of Veritas as man, moralist,
and scholar, does not deserve so unjust and rash
a remark.

The Dutch book, as well as the translation, are
very scarce. Five and six copies of the latter
could only be found at the time of the discovery
in London. C. B. d'O.

Tin (Vol. viii., p. 593.). — The suggestions of
your correspondent S. G. C. are ingenious re-
specting the etymology of Cussiteros, but a slight
examination will show they are erroneous. The
Cassi was only one of the many tribes inhabiting
Britain in the time of Caesar, and it is by no
means probable that it was able to confer its name
upon the entire country, to the exclusion of all
the rest; such as the Iceni, the Trinobanti, the

Coritani, the Belgae, and various others too nume-
rous to mention. We must bear in mind that the
Phoenicians gave the name of Cassiterides to the
British Isles ; and that in naming places they in-
variably called them after some known or sup-
posed quality possessed by them, or from some
natural appearance which first arrested their
notice : and such was the case in this instance.
We learn that it was the common belief in ancient
times, that the islands to the west of Europe were
shrouded in almost perpetual gloom and darkness :
hence the British Isles were called Cassiterides,
from Ceas, pronounced Kass, i. e. gloom, dark-
ness, obscurity ; and tir, i. e. lands, plural Ceasi-
terides, i. e. " the islands of darkness." And the
tin which the Phoenicians procured from them
received the appropriate name of Cassiteros, i. e.
the metal from the islands of darkness.

Fras. Crosslet.

John Wangh (Vol. viii., pp. 271. 400. 525.;
Vol. ix., p. 20.). — The Rev. John Waugh was of
Broomsgrove, Worcester, and died unmarried and
intestate. Letters of administration of his estate
in the province of York were granted Oct. 28,
1777, to his five sisters and co-heiresses, Judith,
Isabella, Elizabeth, Mary, and Margaret, spinsters,
who all were living at Carlisle ; and were unmar-
ried in August, 1792. Wm, Durrant Cooper.

Rev. Joshua Brooks (Vol. viii., p. 639.). —
Blackwood 'a Edinburgh Magazine for March, 1821,
contains a paper entitled a "Brief Sketch of the
Rev. Josiah Streamlet." Under this sobriquet, a
few incidents in the life of the Rev. Joshua
Brooks are related, which may interest C. (1).

G. D. R.

Hour-glass Stand (Vol. viii., p. 454.). — There
is an hour-glass stand attached to the pulpit of
Nassington Church, Northants. Nassington i»
about six miles from the town of Oundle.

G. R. M.

There is an hour-glass stand in Bishampton
Church, Worcestershire. Cuthbert Bede, B.A.

Teeth Superstition (Vol. viii., p. 382.). •— My
wife, who is a Yorkshire woman, tells me that,
whenever she lost a tooth as a child, her nurse
used to exhort her to keep her tongue away from
the cavity, and then she would have a golden
tooth. She speaks of it as a superstition with
which she has always been familiar. Oxoniensis.

Walthamstow.

Dog-whipping Day in Hull (Vol. viii., p. 409.).
— This custom obtains, or used to do, in York on
St. Luke's Day, Oct. 18, which is there known by
the name of " Whip-dog Day." Drake considers
the origin of it uncertain ; and though he is of
opinion that it is a very old custom, he does not

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

65

agree with those who date it as far back as the
Romans.

In the History of York, vol. i. p. 306., respecting
the author of which a Query has appeared in
" N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 125., the traditional ac-
count of its origin is given :

" That in times of Popery, a priest celebrating mass at
the festival in some church in York, unfortunately
dropped the pix after consecration, which was snatched
up suddenly and swallowed by a dog that lay under
the table. The profanation of this high mystery occa-
sioned the death of the dog ; and a persecution began,
and has since continued on this day (St. Luke's), to be
severely carried on against all the species in the city."

A very curious whipping custom prevails at
Leicester, known by the name of "Whipping
Toms," on the afternoon of Shrove Tuesday. It is
thus described in Hone's Year Book, p. 539. :

" In this space (the Newark) several (I think three)
men called ' Whipping Toms,' each being armed with
a large waggon whip, and attended by another man
carrying a bell, claim the right of flogging every per-
son whom they can catch while their attendant bell-
man can keep ringing his bell."

Perhaps some one of your correspondents will
be able to afford an origin for this odd usage.

R. W. Elliot.
Clifton.

A Spanish lady now resident in England, a mem-
ber of the Latin Church, mentioned to me, some
months since, a custom prevailing in her native land
similar to that in Hull described by Mr. Richard-
son. It arose on this wise : Once upon a time, on
a high festival of the Church, when there was an
exposition of the blessed Sacrament, a dog rushed
into the church when the altar was unguarded, and
carried off the Host. This deed of the sacrilegious
animal filled the Spaniards with such horror, that
ever after, on the anniversary of that day, all
dogs were beaten and stoned that showed them-
selves in the streets. Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors.

Mousehunt (Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606.). — I think
the inquiry relative to this animal may be satis-
factorily answered by the following quotation from
a very excellent and learned work, entitled A
Natural History of British and Foreign Quadru-
peds, containing many Original Observations and
Anecdotes, by James H. Fennell, 8vo., London,
1841 :

" The Beech Marten is the Martes foina of modern
zoologists, the Martes Fagorum of Ray, the Martes
Saxorum of Klein, the Mustela Martes of Linnaeus, and
the Mustela foina of Gmelin. Its English synonymes
are not less numerous; for, besides Beech Marten, it
is called Stone Marten, Martern, Marteron, Martlett,
and Mousehunt. The last name I insert on the authority
of Henley, the dramatic commentator, who says it is

the animal to which ' charming Willie Shakspeare ' thus
alludes in Romeo and Juliet :

' Capulet. I have watch'd ere now

All night

Lady Capulet. Ay, you have been a mouse-hunt in
your time.' — Act IV. Sc. 4.

" In Knight's Pictorial Edition of Romeo and Juliet
(1839), this and many other terms equally requiring
explanation are left quite unelucidated ; though one
picture of the said mouse-hunt would doubtless have
been more assistant to the professed object of the work
than the two unnecessary pictures it contains of certain
winged monstrosities called Cupids." — P. 106.

Mr. Fennell goes on to state, that the Beech-
Marten (alias Mousehunt) inhabits the woods and
forests of most parts of Europe, seldom quitting
them except in its nocturnal excursions ; and he
adds that —

" The Beech Marten does sometimes, in the Highlands
of Scotland, where it is common, and called Tugyin,
take to killing lambs, and makes sad havoc. Luckily,
however, it is nearly exterminated in the south of that
country. In Selkirkshire, it has been observed to de-
scend to the shore at night time to feed upon mollusks,
particularly upon the large Basket Mussel (Mytilus
modiolus). But the ordinary prey of both this and the
Pine Marten appears to be hares, rabbits, squirrels,
moles, rats, mice ; game birds ; turkeys, pigeons, and
other domestic poultry, and also the wild singing
birds." — P. 109.

In the above work Mr. Fennell has given many
other interesting zoological elucidations of Shak-
speare, and of various other ancient poets.

G-. Tennyson.

llickmansworth.

St. PauTs School Library (Vol. viii., p. 641.). —
A catalogue of the library was privately printed
in 1836, 8vo. It is nominally under the care of
the captain of the school, who, having his own
duties to attend to, cannot be expected to pay
much attention to it : this readily accounts for the
disorder said to prevail.

It is believed to contain the copy of Vegetius
de re militari, the perusal of which by Marl-
borough, when a pupil at the school, imbued him
with that love for military science he in after-life
so successfully cultivated.

It would be a good deed on the part of the
wealthy company, the trustees of Colet's noble
foundation, to enlarge the library and pay a salary
to a librarian ; it might thus become a useful
appendage to the school, and under certain regu-
lations be made accessible to the vicinity. W. A.

German Tree (Vol. viii., p. 619.). — In answer
to the inquiry of Zeus, who wishes to be informed
whether this custom was known in England pre-
vious to 1836, I beg to refer him to Coleridge's
Friend, second landing-place, essay iii. (vol. ii.

66

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

p. 249.), entitled " Christmas within doors in the
north of Germany." The passage (apparently
from Coleridge's journal) is dated " Ratzeburg,
1799." It is, I think, also extracted in Knight's
Half-hours with the best Authors. Coleridge went to
Germany in 1798 (Biog. Lit, vol. i. p. 211. note) ;
but I imagine the passage I refer to did not appear
till 1818, when The Friend was published in
three volumes (Biog. Lit., vol. ii. p. 420.). As
the book is so common, I do not think it worth
while to copy out the account. Zeus has by this
time, I hope, had a Christmas Yggdrasil in his
Olympus. Eryx.

Derivation of the Word " Cash " (Vol. viii.,
p. 386.). — May not the word cash be connected
with the Chinese coin bearing that name, which
Mr. Martin, in his work on China (vol. i. p. 176.),
describes as being —

".The smallest coin in the world, there being about
1000 to 1500 (cash) in a dollar, J. e. one-fifth to one-
seventh of a farthing."

If I am not mistaken, the coin in question is
perforated in the centre to permit numbers of
the pieces being strung together, payments being
made in so many strings of cash. W. W. E. T.

66. Warwick Square, Belgravia.

MiflttTlmxtawl*

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Poetical Works of John Dry den, edited by Robert
Bell, Vol. L, is the first of what is proposed to be a
revised and carefully annotated edition of the English
Poets, which is intended to supply wbat the publisher
believes to be an existing want, namely, " a Complete
Body of English Poetry, edited throughout with judg-
ment and integrity, and combining those features of
research, typographical elegance, and economy of price,
which the present age demands." Certainly, half-a-
crown a volume fulfils the latter requirement in an
extraordinary manner ; and there can be little doubt
that if the other essentials be as strictly fulfilled, and
the collection embraces, as it is intended, not only the
works of several poets who have been entirely omitted
from previous collections, but those stores of lyrical
and ballad poetry in which our literature is so pre-
eminently rich, The Annotated Edition of the English
Poets will meet with that extensive sale to which alone
the publisher can look for remuneration.

The Museum of Science and Art, edited by Dr.
Lardner, is intended to supply a collection of instruc-
tive tracts and essays, composed in a popular and
amusing style, and in easy language, on the leading
discoveries in the Physical Sciences : so that persons,
whose occupations exclude the possibility of systematic
study, may in their short hours of leisure obtain a
considerable amount of information on subjects of the
highest interest. This design is extremely well carried
out in the first four numbers, which are devoted to —

I. and II. The Planets: Are they Inhabited Worlds?
III. Weather Prognostics ; and IV. Popular Fallacies.
The introduction of details and incidents, which could
not with propriety be introduced into works of a
purely scientific character, give great variety and in-
terest to the different papers.

Books Received. — The Journal of Sacred Litera-
ture, New Series, No. X., contains, in addition to its
notes, correspondence, &c, no less than twelve papers
of varied interest to the peculiar class of readers to
whom this periodical expressly addresses itself. — Mr.
Bohn has just added to his Standard Library a col-
lection of the Novels and Tales of Gb'the, comprising
his Elective Affinities ; The Sorrows of Weriher ; German
Emigrants ; Good Women ; and a Nouvelette ; and in his
Classical Library he has commenced a revised edition
of the Oxford translation of Tacitus. The Ninth Part
of Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography,
which extends from the conclusion of the article Ger-
mania to Hytanis, concludes the first volume of this
admirable addition to Dr. Smith's series of Classical
Dictionaries. — Cyclopaedia Bibliographica, Part XVI.,
from Platina to Rivet. Every additional Part con-
firms our opinion of the great utility of this indispens-
able library companion.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Companion to the Almanac All published.

*»* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent, to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTUS AND
QURK1KS." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Waverley Novels. Miniature edition. 18mo. Published by

Constable & Co. Complete.
Horne's Introduction to thb Scriptures. 5 Vols. 8vo.
O'Brien's Round Towers of Ireland. Last Edition.
Howe's Dartmoor.

Wanted by Simms <§• Son, Booksellers, Bath.

Lettres de Xavier. 2 Vols. Not the abridged edition.
Wanted by Mr. Hayward, Bookseller, Bath.

Genuine and Impartial Memoirs of the Life and Charac-
ter of Charles Ratcliffe, wrote by a gentleman of the
family, Mr. Eyre, to prevent the Public bt-ing imposed on by
any erroneous or partial accounts to the prejuiiire of this un-
fortunate gentleman. London : printed for the Proprietor, and
sold by E. Cole. 1746.

Wanted by Mr. Douglas, 16. Russell Square, London.

Letters of the Herbert Family.
Wanted by Henningham % Hollis, 5. Mount St., Grosvenor Sq.

A Sermon on Knowledge. By Rev. H. J. Rose. Lond. 1826.
Letters by Catholicus on Sir Robt. Peel's Tamworth Address.

Lond. 1841.
Kircher's Muscrgia Universalis. Romje, 165s. 2 Toms in

1. Folio.
Glanvil's Lux Orientalis, with Notes by Dr. H. More. Lond.
1682. 8vo.
Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers,
Grafton Street, Dublin.

Jan. 21. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

67

Seldkn's Work3 by Wilkins. Folio. Vol. III. Part II. 1726.
Bishop Gauden, the Author of " Icon Basilike," by Dr. Todd.
8vo. (A Pamphlet.)

Wanted by T/ios. G. Stevenson, Bookseller, Edinburgh.

Kingdom's Dictionary of Quotations from the English.
Poets. 3 Vols. Published by Whittaker.

Wanted by A. Griffith, Bookseller, 8. Baker Street.

Clarke's Memoir of W. Falconer.

Wanted by F. Dinsdale, Leamington.

Prescott's Conquest of Mexico. Bentley. 1843. Vol. I.
Wanted by Henry Ditchburn, Esq., Gravesend.

G. Macropbdii, Fabul.e Comic/E. 2 Tom. 8vo. Utrecht, 1552.
Junius Discovered, by P. T. Published about 1789.

Wanted by William J. Thorns, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.

fialictsi to CarretfpcmtteiiW.

Monthly Part for January Catalogues of Books, Bills, Sfc.

to be stitched into the forthcoming Monthly Part must be sent in
by Friday the 11th instant. Eleven hundred copies are now re-
quired.

C K. P. (Eton) will find the Cherry Tree Carol at p. 123. of
Sandys' Christmas Carols, ed. 1833. It is, perhaps, the most
quaint and curious in the volume.

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.— We cannot better
reclijy the error, natural error we had almost said, into which
Mr. Macray has fallen, than by printing entire the following com-
munication :

"British Museum,
" Sir, Jan. 17, 1854.

" An extremely clever and interesting review of Pineton
de Chambrun's History of the Persecutions of the Protestants by
the French King in the Principality of Orange appeared in the
Journal des Debals of the 30th Nov. last. This article is dated
from the British Museum (in the reading-room of which esta-
blishment it may very probably have been written), and signed
William Jones. As I am the only person in the British Museum
bearing the surname of Jones, the article has been attributed to
me, in very courteous terms, by a correspondent of the " N. &
Q." As I cannot claim the merit of being the writer, I beg to
place this correction of Mr. Macray's very natural mistake in
your hands, to be used in such manner as you may think proper.
" I have the honour to be. Sir,

" Your very obedient servant,

" J. Winter Jones."

F. G. S. (Colchester). We have forwarded to Dr. Diamond
your request, and as soon as "light and leisure" permit, you shall
receive some copies of the portrait.

A Photographic Correspondent, Durham — We have been
so unfortunate as to lose a letter asking questions respecting
the enlargement of photographs, %c, for which we apol gise, but
believe a full answer will be found in the last number of the
Photographic Journal.

" Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to viii., price Four Guineas.
— Copies are being made up and may be had by order.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

NOW READY, QUARTO, CLOTH, TWENTY-FIVE SHIELINGS.

ILLUSTRATIONS 0E ANCIENT ART,

SEL1CTED FROM

OBJECTS DISCOVERED AT POltXPEXX ASTS
HERCUXAXTEintT.

BY THE REV. EDWARD TROLLOPE, F.S.A.

Contains 422 Figures engraved on Wood, and Coloured Representations of the Auldjo and
Naples Vases.

GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET.

Now ready,

THE CHRISTIAN REMEM-
BRANCER, No. LXXXIII., for JA-
NUARY, 1851.

Contents.

1. Census of Great Britain, 1851.

2. St. Alfonso de Liguori's Theory of Truth-
fulness.

3. The French Pulpit and the Court of
Louis XIV.

4. Bishop Kaye on the Council of Nicaaa.

5. Arson's Europe from the Fall of Napoleon.

6. Maurice's Theological Essays.

7. Notices of New Books, Pamphlets, &c.
London : J. & C. MOZLEY, 6. Paternoster

Row.

REDUCTION IN PRICE of

It FRENCH PAPERS prepared for
MONS. LE GRAY'S Process— Examination
of the Papers, and comparison with the Prices
hitherto charged for the same description, is
respectfully solicited, combined with a hnpe
that, as the most careful Selection and Chemical
Manipulation has been observed, the endeavour
(by reducing their cost) to extend this beautiful
and already extensively applied branch of
Photographic Art, may secure a portion of
public patronage. Canson Freres' Waxed
Negative, 6» per quire ; Iodized ditto, 8s. 6rf. ;
Sensitive, available for three weeks, 13s. Size,
17J by 11 J, demy folio. Specimens of either
Papers sent Free on receipt of the Postage (10
Stamps) between boards. Address, post paid,
to LUKE SAMS, 7. Adelphi Chambers, facing
the Society of Arts, Adelphi, London.

For Family Reading.

BLENCOWE'S PLAIN SER-
MONS. FirstSeries, fourth edition ; Se-
cond Series, third edition : Third Series. Sold
separately, at 7s. 6d. per volume. These plain
and short discourses have been found to be pe-
culiarly suited for reading aloud in families
and to the sick, on account of their simple and
affectionate style, and the interesting and prac-
tical manner in which re'igious truths are in-
culcated. The publisher desires to point out
their usefulness in these respects, having reason
to believe that their circulat on has hitherto
been chiefly among the clergy, and that they
are still comparatively little known to the
laity.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. (near St.
Dunstan's Church) Fleet Street.

THE ENGLISH JOURNAL
OF EDUCATION. Continued Monthly.
Price 6d., or stamped 7d.

Contents or January Number.
On Making Grammar Schools more available

as Middle Schools.
On Teaching Modern Languages.
On the Introduction of Practical Science into

Higher Schools.
The Elegies of Propertius. By F. A. Paley.
School Atlases of Ancient Geography.
Notices of Books.

A Specimen on Receipt of Seven Stamps.
GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Valuable Ulustrated Books at Reduced Prices.

DOBERTS' HOLY LAND.

16?. 16s. Published at 41

JY 250 Plates,
guineas.

DIGBY WYATT'S INDUS-
TRIAL ARTS OF THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY. 160 Plates. 2 vols, folio, half-
bound morocco, loi. 10s. Publishedat 17M7».

DIGBY WYATT'S METAL

WORK, and its ARTISTIC DESIGN. 50
Plates. Folio, half-bound morocco. 21. 3s.
Published at 61. 6s.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 iruineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and il. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

H

E AL & SON'S EIDER DOWN

u QUILT is the warmest, the lightest,
and the most elegant Covering for the Bed,
the Couch, or the Carriage ; and for Invalids,
its comfort cannot be too highly appreciated.
It i< made in Three Varieties, of which a large
Assortment can be seen at their Establish-
ment. List of Prices of the above, together
with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by
Post.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

68

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 221.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
8. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell.Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. I.ethbridge,Esq.

E.Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq

M.P.
G. II. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Wliateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grisscll, Esq.

Physician. — William Ricli. Basham.M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not he-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Bates of Premium for Assuring
lOOf., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age £ s. d. \ Age £ *. d.

17- - - 1 14 4 I 32- - - 2 10 8
22 - - - I 18 8 37- - - 2 18 6
27- - -245|42- - -382

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition,
With material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a
TREATISK on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
Sic. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCH1.EY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

gnliritnrs' fc feral £ii>
jtanrar* &Mit%

52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.

Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION.

THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOL-
LOWING ADVANTAGES :

The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE
MILLION.

Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.

Premiums affording particular advantages to
Young Lives.

Participating and Non-Participating Pre-
miums.

In the former EIGHTY PER CENT, or
FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided
amongst the Assured Triennially, either by
way of addition to the sum assured, or in
diminution of Premium, at their option.

No deduction is made from the four-fifths
of the profits for Interest on Capital, for a
Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.

POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and
INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud.

At the General Meeting, on the 31st May
last, A BONUS was declared of nearly Two
Per Cent, per annum on the amount assured,
or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of
BIXTY per cent, on the Premiums paid.

POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE
PREMIUM < >NLY has been paid.

Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.

The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'clock.
Assurances may be effected by applying on any-
other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the
Office of the Society, where prospectuses and
all other requisite information can be obtained.
CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.

XYLO- IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Pho-
tographic Establishments. — The superiority of this preparation is now universally ac-
knowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day,
warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces
uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separata
Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions
for use.

Cautiox. — Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W.
THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.

The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature
and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure
Photographic Chemicals : and may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at Is., 2s.,
and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard ; and MESSRS.
BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farriugdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

BOUNTY FIRE OFFICE,

V; 60. REGENT STREET, and 2. ROYAL
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, LONDON.—
Established 1806.

Trustees and Directors.
The Right non. Lord Northwick.
Major-Gen. Charles Richard Fox.
Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
Sir Glynne Earle Welby, Bart.
The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, M.P.
Frederick Squire, Esq.
Henry B. Churchill, Esq.
The Rev. James Sherman.
The Rev. Isaac Spencer.
William Henry Stone, Esq.
&c. &c. Sec.
Managing Director. —John A. Beaumont, Esq.

The Rates of Premium charged by the
County Fire Office are upon the lowest scale
consistent with security to the insured.

When a Policy has existed for a period of
seven years, a return of 25 percent., or one-
fourlh the amount of Premiums paid during
that period, is declared upon such policy.

The returns paid to the present time amount
to nearly 200,000?.

All losses are settled with promptitude and
liberality.

CHARLES STEVENS, Secretary.

VIEAVS IN LONDON.

STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC
PICTURES.

BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET
STREET. OPTICIANS and PHILO-
SOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, in-
vite attention to their Stock of STEREO-
SCOPES of all Kinds, and in various Materials ;
a'so, to their New nnd Extensive Assortment
of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the
same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER,
and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PIC-
TURES on GLASS, including Views of
London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These
Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth
in the Representation of Natural Objects, are
unrivalled.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

*** " Familiar Explanation of the Pheno-
mena " sent on Application.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, materials, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the liest j
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and j
Views, together with the various Materials, |
and pure Chemical Preparations required in !
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-

?uirements for the practice of Photography,
nstruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price 1*., per Post, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may he seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. Sic. used in this beautiful Art. —
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAME-
RAS.-OTTE WiLL'S REGISTERED
DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,

is superior to every other form of Camera,
for the Photographic Tourist, from its capa-
bility of Elongation or Contraction to any-
Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its
adaptation for taking either Views or Por-
traits The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tri-
pod Stands, Printing Frames, &c, may be ob-
tained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte
Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c, made to order
or from Drawings.

PHOTOGRAPHY.

A COMPLETE SET OF Ap-
paratus for 4/. 4s., containing an
Expanding Camera, with warranted Double
Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable
Stand, Pressure I'rame, Levelling Stand, and
Baths, complete.

PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achro-
matic combination, from U. 12s. 6d.

LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Ad-
justment, from 25».

A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting;
Art, Is., by post free. Is. 6d.

French Polished MAHOGANY STEREO-
SCOPES, from 10s. 6.-7. A large assortment of
STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same
in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, at
equally low prices.

ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.
Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MI-
CROSCOPE, with all the latest improvements
and apparatus, complete from 31. 15s., at
C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical In-
strument Warehouse, 244. High Holborn (op-
posite Day & Martin's).

Printed by Thomas Ci.a »« Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
fit. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Georoe Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Pariah of St. Dunstan in the West, in taa
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, January 21. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUI OP INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOE

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 222.]

Saturday, January 28. 1854.

J Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, 5^-

CONTENTS.

ITotes : — Page

Prophets : Francis Dobbs, by Henry II.

Breen - - - - - 71

Sir Walter Scott and his Quotations

from Himself - - - -72

Thomas Campbell - - - - 73

Folk Lobe : _ Legends of the Co . Clare

— Slow- worm Superstition - - 73
The Vellum-bound Junius, by Sir T.

Metcalfe 74

Minor Notes :— The Scotch Grievance

— Walpole and Macaulay — Russian
" Justice " — False Dates in Water-
marks of Paper - - - - 74

•Queries : —

Sir. P. Cunninghame, by J. Macray - 75
Was Shakspeare descended from a
Landed Proprietor ? by J. O. Halliwell 75

Minor Queries : — " To try and get " —
Fleet Prison — Colonel St. Leger —
Lords' Descents — Reverend Robert
Hall — " Lydia, or Conversion " — Per-
sonal Descriptions — " One while I
think," &c — Lord Bacon — Society for
■burning the Dead_Cui Bono — The
Stock Horn— Lady Hariugton — De-
scendants of Sir M. Hale— A Query
for the City Commission— Cross-legged
Monumental Figures — Muffins and
Crumpets - - - - - 76

TkliNoa Queries with Answers : —
" Behemoth " — " Deus ex Machina " —
Wheelbarrows — Persons alluded to by
Hooker - - - - -77

EmiEs:-

Longfellow's Originality, by Wm. Mat-
thews - - - - - 77

Queen Elizabeth and Queen Anne s
Motto 73

Books burnt by the Common Hangman 78

Stone Pulpits - - - - 79

Antiquity of Fire-irons, by Wm. Mat-
thews, &c. - - - - - 80

Order of St. John of Jerusalem, by Wm.
Winthrop - - - - - 80

Grammars, &c, for Public Schools, by

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A..&C. - - 81

.Derivation of Mawmet — Came, by J.W.
Thomas - - - - - 82

The Gosling Family, by Honore de Mare-
ville- - - - - - 82

Photographic Correspondence : — Tent
for Collodion Purposes — Multiplying
Negatives and Collodion on Paper —
Photographic Copies of Ancient Manu-
scripts — Fox Talbot's Patents — Anti-
quarian Photographic Society - - 83

"Replies to Minor Queries: — "Firm

was their faith," &c Attainment of

Majority — Three Fleurs-de-Lis —
Newspaper Folk Lore — Nattochiis
and Calchanti — Marriage Ceremony
in the Fourteenth Century — Clarence

— " The spire whose silent finger," &c.

— Henry Earl of Wotton —Tenth (or
the Prince of Wales's Own) Regiment

of (Light) Dragoons, &c. - - - 83

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. - - - 90

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 90

Notices to Correspondents - - 91

Vol. IX.— No. 222.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION.—An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebrated French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of Furope, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent
Process, One Guinea ; Three extra Copies for
10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BOND STREET.

QPECTACLES. — Every De-

O scription of SPECTACLES and EYE-
GLASSES for the Assistance of Vision, adapted
by means of Smec's Optometer : that being
the only correct method of determining the
exact fecus of the Lenses required, and of pre-
venting injury to the sight by the use of im-
proper Glasses.

BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG
EVENINGS, bymeansof ST ATHAM'S
Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories,
5s. Grf., 7s. Gd., 10s. 6(1.. 21s., SU.6d., 42s., 63s.,
nnd upwards. Book of Experiments, 6tf. "Il-
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue " forwarded
Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Che-
mist, 29 c. Rotherfield Street, Islington,
London, and of Chemists and Opticians
everywhere.

II

EAL & SONS EIDER DOWN

QUILT is the warmest, the lightest,
and the most elegant Covering for the Bed,
the Couch, or the Carriage ; and for Invalids,
its comfort cannot be too highly appreciated.
It is made in Three Varieties, of which a large
Assortment can be seen at their Establish-
ment. List of Prices of the above, together
with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by
Post.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Beddine Manu-
facturers. 196. Tottenham Court Road.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Kecords whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCH AM, SURREY.

WILLIAM SKEFFINGTON,

T T Bookseller and Publisher, respectfully
informs his friends and the public that he has
REMOVED his BUSINESS from 192. to 163.
Piccadilly, opposite Bond Street.

The Bishop of Lincoln's LENT LECTURES.
Seventh Edition, small 8vo., 3a. 6d., by post,
4s.

THE SINFULNESS of LITTLE
SINS. By JOHN JACKSON, D.D.,
Lord Bishop of Lincoln.

By the same Author,

REPENTANCE: its Necessity,

Nature, and Aids. Third Edition, 2s. 6d., by
post, 4s.

CHILCOT ON EVIL

THOUGHTS ; with Rules for their Restraint
nnd Suppression. Edited by the Rev. Richard
Hooper. M.A.. Curate of St. Stephfn's, West-
minster, and Assistant Hospitaller of St. Tho-
mas's, Southwark. This day, new edition,
ISmo., 2s. 6d., by post, 3s.
" A very admirable work." — Guardian.

London : WILLIAM SKEFFINGTON.
163. Piccadilly.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
No. CLXXXVIL, is published THIS
DAY.

Contents :

L LIFE AND WORKS OF GRAY.
II. HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS — SIDE-
HEAL ASTRONOMY.

III. MISSIONS IN POLYNESIA.

IV. M. GUIZOT.

V. RELIGION OF THE CHINESE
REBELS.
VI. CASTREN'S TRAVELS AMONG

THE LAPPS.
VII. MEMOIRS OF KING JOSEPH.
VIII. TURKEY AND RUSSIA.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

NEW MEMBERS. — Now ready.

MR. DOD'S PARLIAMENT-
ARY companion for 1854 (Twenty-
second Year), contains the Results of the recent
Election Petitions, the THIRTY-THREE
NEW MEMBERS, &c.

WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane, and
all Booksellers.

ALL WORKS published under
the Title SCOTT'S POETICAL
WORKS are IMPERFECT and INCOM-
PLETE, unless they bear the Imprint of
ROBE KT C A DELL, or ADAM & CHARLES
BLACK, Edinburgh.

AUTHORS EDITION OF

SCOTT'S POETRY, including the Copyright
Poem of the LORD OF THE ISLES, 6 En-
gravings, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.

A. & C. BLACK, Edinburgh.
HOULSTON & STONEMAN, London.

70

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.

One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth,
price 6s.

THE ETYMOLOGICAL COM-
PENDIUM ; or, PORTFOLIO OP

ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS : relating to

Language, Literature, and Government.

Architecture and Sculpture.

Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Disco-
veries.

Articles of Dress, &c.

Titles, Dignities, &c.

Names," Trades, Professions.

Parliament, Laws, &c.

Universities and Religious Sects.

Epithets and Phrases.

Remarkable Customs.

Games, Field Sports.

Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.

Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.

By WILLIAM PULLEYN.

The Third Edition, revised and improved,

By MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.

" The additions to this book indicate the
editor to be his father's own son. He deals in
folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular
sayings, and has an eye to all things curious
and note-worthy. The book tells everything."
— Gentleman's Magazine.

> "The book contains avast amount of curious
information and useful memoranda." — Lite-
rary Gazette.

" An invaluable manual of amusement and
information. ' — Morning Chronicle.

"This is a work of great practical usefulness.
It is a Notes and Queries in miniature. . . .
The revision which the present edition of it has
undergone has greatly enhanced its original
value." — Era.

London : WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,

85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

Price 2s. 6d. ; by Post 3s.

ILLUSTRATIONS AND EN-

X QUIRIKS RELATING TO MESMER-
ISM. Parti. By the Rev. S. R. MAITLAND,
D.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sorretime Librarian to
the late Aichbi hop of Canterbury , and Keeper
of the MSs. at Lambeth.

"One of the most valuable and interesting
pamphlets we ever read."— Morning Herald.

" This publ;cation, which promises to be the
commencement of a larger work, will well
repay serious peru.-al." — Ir. Ecel. Journ.

"A small pamphlet in which he throws a
startling light on the practices of modern Mes-
merism."— Nottingham .Tournal.

"Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought
Mesmerism to the * touchstone of truth/ to t^e
test of the standard of right or wrong. We
thank him for this first instalment of his in-
quiry, and hope that He will not long delay
the remaining portions." — London Medical
Gazette.

" The Enquiries are extremely curious, we
should irdced say important. That relating
to the Witch of Endor is one of the most suc-
cessful we ever read. We cannot enter into
particulars in this brief notice ; but we would
strongly recomn end the p mphlet even to
those who care no'hing about Mesmerism, or
angry (for it has come to this at last) with the
subject." — Dublin Evening Post.

" We recommei d its general perusal as being
really an endeavour, by one whose position
gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the
genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so
much disputed."— H'oolmer's Exeter Gazette.

"Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of
attention on the subject for many years past,
and the present pamphlet is in part the result
of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good
deal in it which we should have been glad to
quote .... but we content ourselves with re-
ferring our readers to the pamphlet itself." —
Brit. Mag.

PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO.,
23. Paternoster Row.

Bohn's Standard Library for February.
(Double Issue.)

THE CARAFAS OF MAD-

I DALONI: NAPLES UNDER SPA-
NISH DOMINION. Translated from the
German o ALFRED DE REUMONT. With
Portrait of Massaniello. Post 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Standard Library for February.
(Double Issue.)

POWPER'S COMPLETE

\J WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY ; com-
prising his Poems, Correspondence, and Trans-
lations ; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty
fine Engravings on Steel, after designs by
Harvey. To be completed in 8 vols. Vol. II.,
continuation of Memoir and Correspondence.
Post 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6(1.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's British Classics for Feb

pIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE,

\ T complete and unabridged, with variorum
Notes, including, in addition to all the Au-
thor's own, those of Guizot, Wenck, Niebuhr,
Hugo, Neander, and other foreign scholars.
Edited by an ENGLISH CHURCHMAN. In
six volumes (with Maps). Vol. II., with Por-
trait. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Library for February.
(Double Issue.)

PLATO. Vol. VI., completing
the Work, and containing the Doubtful
Works ; viz. Epinomis, Axiochus, Eryxias, on
Virtue, on Justice, Sisyphus. Demodocus, and
Definitions ; the Treatise of Timaeus Locrus on
the Soui of the World and Nature. To which
are added, the I ives of Plato by Diogenes
Laertius, Hesychius, and Olympiodorus ; and
the Introductions to his Doctrines by Alcinous
and Albinus ; Apuleius on the Doctrines of
Plato, and Remarks on Plato's Writings by the
Poet Gray, edited with Notes, by GEORGE
BURGES, M.A., Trin. Coll. Cam. With Ge-
neral Index. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Library for February.
(Double Issue.)

ATHEN^EUS. The Deipnoso-
phists, or the Banquet of the Learned,
translated by C. D. YONGE, B.A., with an
Appendix of Poetical Fragments rendered into
English Verse by various Authors, and Gene-
ral Index. Complete in 3 vols. Vol. I. Post
8vo. Cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Illustrated Library for February.

DANTE, translated into English
Verse by I C. WRIGHT, M.A. Third
Edition, carefully revised. Complete in 1 vol.,
witu Por rait and 34 Illustrations on Steel
after FLAXMAN. Post 8vo. Cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's AntiquarianLibrary for February.

ORDERICUS VITALIS; his
Ecclesiastical History of England and
Normandy, translated with Notes and the In-
troduction of Guizot. by T. FORESTER,
M.A. Vol.11. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4,5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Scientific Library for February.

MANTELL'S (DR.) GEOLO-
GICAL EXCURSIONS, including
THE ISLE OF WIGHT. New Edition, with
Prefatory Note by T. RUPERT JONES, ESQ.
Numerous beautifully executed Woodcuts,
and a Geological Map. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

BELLENGER'S GERMAN,
FRENCH AND ENGLISH CONVER-
SATIONS : containing Elementary Phrases?
and Easy Dialogues in parallel columns, for
the Use of Learners and Travellers. Post 8vo.,
cloth, price 2s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

THE UNIVERSITY COMMISSION.
Just published, in 8vo., price 10s.

THE RECOMMENDATIONS
OF THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY
COMMISSIONERS: with Selections from
their Report, and a History of the University
Subscription Tests ; Including Notices of the
University and Collegiate Visitations. By
JAMES HEYWOOD, M.P.,F.R.S., of Trinity
College, Cambridge.

Also, collected by MR. HEYWOOD and
THOMAS WRIGHT, M.A.,F.S.A., in 8vo.,
price 12s.

ANCIENT LAWS OF THE

FIFTEENTH CENTURY FOR KING'S
COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, and for the
PUBLIC SCHOOL OF ETON COLLEGE.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

Just published, in One Volume, medium 8vo.t
price 14s.

THESAURUS OF ENGLISH
WORDS AND PHRASES, classified and
arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of
Ideas, and assist in Literary Composition. By
P. M. ROGET, M.D., F.R.S. Second Edition.

*** Several thousand Words and Phrases,
not contained in the First Edition, have now
been added ; many improvements have been
made in the arrangement of the expressions ;
and the whole Work has undergone careful
revision with the view of increasing its general
utility.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

DR. CORNWELL'S EDUCATIONAL
WORKS.

A

SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY.

15th Edition, 3s. id. ; witli Maps, 5s. 6d.

A SCHOOL ATLAS. Plain,

2s. 6d. ; coloured, 4s.

THE YOUNG COMPOSER,

Progressive Exercises in English Composition.
15th Edition, Is. 6d.

A KEY TO THE YOUNG

COMPOSER. 3s.

ALLEN'S SELECT ENGLISH

POETRY. 7th Edition, 4s.

ALLEN'S EUTROPIUS, with

DICTIONARY. New Edition, 3s.

ALLEN AND CORNWELL'S

GRAMMAR. 21st Edition, red, 2s. ; cloth,
ls.9d.

ALLEN AND CORNWELL'S

GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNERS. 22nd Edi-
tion, 9d. ; cloth, Is.

London : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO. ;
HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CD. Edinburgh?
OLIVER & BOYD ; W. P. KENNEDY.

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

71

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1854.

PROPHETS : FRANCIS DC-BBS.

Among the characters introduced to the readers
of " N. & Q.," under the name of prophets, there
are few that deserve so distinguished a place as
Mr. Francis Dobbs. Not only lias he a claim to
that title, in the derisive sense in which it is ap-
plied to all modern enthusiasts, but also on the
higher grounds of political sagacity and practical
wisdom. Some men have exhibited this double
character successively, and at different periods of
their lives ; but none have displayed it in such
happy union as Mr. Dobbs. Indeed, in that re-
spect, he is perhaps one of the most striking
instances on record of what is called the " duality
of the human mind."

The information I am able to furnish respecting
this remarkable man, is derived from a pamphlet,
publir-hed "by authority" (probably himself), by
J. Jones, Dublin, 1800, and entitled, Memoirs of
Francis Dobbs, Esq. ; also Genuine Reports of his
Speeches in Parliament on the Subject of an Union,
and his Prediction of the Second Coming of the
Messiah, with Extracts from his Poem on the
Millennium.

Mr. Dobbs was born on April 27, 1750 ; and
was the younger son of the Rev. Richard Dobbs,
who was the younger brother of Arthur Dobbs of
Castle Dobbs, co. Antrim, formerly Governor of
North Carolina. His ancestor, an officer in the
army, came from England in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth ; and by a marriage with the great-
granddaughter of Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, got the
estate of Castle Dobbs, with other estates in the
co. Antrim. His great-grandfather was Mayor of
Carrickfergus at the time King William landed,
and was the first subject in Ireland that paid him
allegiance.

Mr. Dobbs devoted himself for some years to
literary pursuits. In 1768 he purchased an en-
signcy in the 63rd Regiment, in which he con-
tinued till 1773. Having sold his commission, he
turned his attention to the study of the law, and
was called to the bar. He then married Miss
Stewart of Ballantroy, in the county of Antrim,
the daughter of a gentleman of considerable pro-
perty, niece of Sir Hugh Hill, and descended from
the Bute family. He afterwards joined the
Volunteers under Lord Charlemont, was appointed
Major to the Southern Battalion, and acted as
exercising officer at the great reviews held at
Belfast in 1780, 1781, and 1782. He took an
active part, in conjunction with Lord Charlemont,
Mr. Grattan, Mr. Flood, and others, in the poli-
tical agitation of that period ; was the mover of an
address to the King, approving of the proceedings

of the Irish Parliament, and was a member of the
deputation appointed to present it to his Majesty,
on which occasion he refused the honour of a baro-
netcy. At a later period, the Earl of Charlemont
brought him into the Irish Parliament ; and it
was while occupying a seat in that assembly,
that he delivered the " Speeches " already re?
ferred to.

Mr. Dobbs's Speech on the Legislative Union is
one of the most remarkable ever pronounced then
or since, on that fertile topic. He descants in
forceful language on the evils, real or imaginary,
likely to arise from that measure ; and points out,
with a striking minuteness of detail, some of the
consequences which have actually resulted there-
from. Indeed, the repealers of a subsequent
period did little more than borrow Mr. Dobbs's
language ; nor were they able, after thirty years'
experience of the practical working of the Union,
to add a single new grievance to the catalogue of
those so eloquently expatiated upon by him in the
year 1800. As, however, we have to deal with
Mr. Dobbs chiefly as a religious prophet, I shall
confine my extracts from his speeches to the illus-
tration of his character in that capacity.

The speech on the Legislative Union was de-
livered on February 5, 1800. On June 7 follow-
ing (the Bill having been carried in the mean
time), Mr. Dobbs pronounced in the Irish Par-
liament a speech in which he predicted the second
coming of the Messiah. This speech, the most
extraordinary that was ever made in a legislative
assembly, presents a singular contrast to the
sagacity which characterises his political perform-
ances. A few short extracts will show the change
that had come over his prophetic vision :

" Sir, from the conduct pursued by administration
during this Session, and the means that were known to
be in their power, it was not very difficult to foresee
that this Bill must reach that chair. It was not very
difficult to foresee that it should fall to your lot to
pronounce the painful words, ' That this bill do pass.'
Awful indeed would those words be to me, did I con-
sider myself living in ordinary times : but feeling as I
do that we are not living in ordinary times — feeling
as I do that we are living in the most momentous and
eventful period of the world — feeling as I do that a
new and better order of things is about to arise, and
that Ireland, in that new order of things, is to be highly
distinguished indeed — this bill hath no terrors for me.

" Sir, I did intend to have gone at some length into
history, and the sacred predictions ; but as I purpose,,
in a very few months, to give to the public a work in
which I shall fully express my opinion as to the vast
design of this terrestrial creation, I shall for the pre-
sent confine myself to such passages as will support
three positions : — The first is, the certainty of the
second advent of the Messiah ; the next, the signs of
the times of his coming, and the manner of it ; and the
last, that Ireland is to have the glorious pre-eminence
of being the first kingdom that will receive him."

72

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

After dwelling at some length on his first two
positions, he thus proceeds :

" I come now, Sir, to the most interesting part of
what I have to say ; it is to point out my reasons for
thinking this is the distinguished country in which the
Messiah is now to appear. The stone that is to be
cut out of the mountain without hands, is to fall on the
feet of the image, and to break the whole image to
pieces. Now, that would not be true, if Christ and
his army was to appear in any country that is a part
of the image ; therefore, all the countries that were
comprised in the Babylonish and Assyrian empire, in
the Medo- Persian empire, in the Greek empire, and
in the Roman empire, are positively excluded. There
is another light thrown on this question by a passage
in the 41st chapter of Isaiah : ' I have raised up one
from the north, and he shall come ; from ths rising of
the sun shall he call upon my name, and he shall come
upon princes as upon mortar, and as the potter treadeth
clay.' This is manifestly the Messiah ; and we are
therefore to look for a country north of Judea, where
the prophecy was given. The New World is out of
the question, being nowhere a subject of prophecy ;
and as the image is excluded, it can only be in the Rus-
sian empire, or in the kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden,
or Ireland.

" The army that follows the Messiah, we are told,
amounts to 144,000; and there are a few passages in
the Revelation of St. John, that denote the place
where they are to be assembled. One is, ' I saw them
harping with their harps.' Another, ' I saw them stand-
ing on a sea of glass, having the harps of God.'
Another is, 'That they were clothed in fine linen,
white and clean.' Another is, ' And he gathered them
together in a place, in the Hebrew tongue, called
Armageddon.' Now, what respects the harp and the
fine linen, peculiarly applies to Ireland ; and not at all
to Russia, Denmark, or Sweden. The sea of glass I think
must be an island. And I believe the word Armaged-
don in the Hebrew tongue, and Ardmah or Armagh
in the Irish, mean the same thing. At all events,
there is great similitude in their sounds ; and St.
Patrick thought proper to make the city of Ardmagh,
which is the old name, the seat of the church govern-
ment of Ireland. But besides these sacred passages of
Scripture, there are some very particular circumstances
attending Ireland. She has never had her share in
worldly prosperity, and has only since 17S2 begun to
rise; and I know no instance in history of any nation
beginning to prosper, without arriving at a summit of
some kind, before it became again depressed. The four
great empires rose progressively west of each other ;
and Great Britain made the last toe of the image, being
the last conquest the Romans made in the west. Now,
Ireland lies directly west of it, and is therefore in
exactly the same progressive line, and it never was any
part of the image, nor did the Roman arms ever pene-
trate here. The arms of Ireland is the harp of David,
with an angel in its front. The crown of Ireland is
the apostolic crown. Tradition has long spoken of it as
a land of saints ; and if what I expect happens, that
prediction will be fulfilled. But what I rely on more
than all, is our miraculous exemption from all of the

serpent and venomous tribe of reptiles. This appears
to me in the highest degree emblematic, that Satan,
the Great Serpent, is here to receive his first deadly
blow."

I had an idea of sending you some extracts from
Mr. Dobbs's poem on The Millennium, but I fear I
have already trespassed too far on your valuable
space. Henry H. Bkeen.

St. Lucia.

SIR WALTER SCOTT AND HIS QUOTATIONS FROM
HIMSELF.

Your correspondent A. J. Dunkin (Vol. viii.,
p. 622.) asks who was the author of the couplet, —

" Oh ! for a blast of that dread horn,
On Fontarabian echoes borne."

In reply to which Query you refer him to the
juvenile efforts of Frank Osbaldiston in the de-
lightful novel of Rob Roy.

You might have referred him likewise to a cor-
responding passage in the sixth canto of Marmion,
sec. xxxiii., from which the accomplished poet and
novelist repeated inadvertently his own verses :

" O for a blast of that dread horn,
On Fontarabian echoes borne,

That to King Charles did come," &c.

I say " inadvertently " from my own knowledge.
A few months after the well-known occurrence at
a public dinner in Edinburgh, when Sir W. Scotfc
openly declared himself the author of the Waverley
Novels, the writer of these lines was staying at
Abbotsford on a visit. On one occasion, when
walking with Sir Walter about his grounds, I led
the conversation to his late revelations ; and while
expressing some wonder at the length of time
during which the secret of the authorship had
been kept, I ventured to say that I for one had
never felt the smallest doubt upon the matter, but
that the intrinsic evidence of these several works,
acknowledged and unacknowledged, had long ago
convinced me that they were written by one and
the same author. Among other points I quoted
the very lines in question from the elegy on the
death of the Black Prince in Rob Roy, which I
reminded Sir Walter might also be found in the
sixth canto of Marmion. " Ah ! indeed," he re-
plied, with his natural expression of comic gravity,
" that ivas very careless of me ! I did not think I
should have committed such a blunder ! "

We kept up the like strain of conversation
during the whole ramble, with a good deal ot
harmless pleasantry. In the course of our walk
Sir Walter stopped at a particular point, and
leaning on his staff like his own " Antiquary," he
pointed out some ancient earth-works, whose un-
dulating surface indicated the traces of a Roman
or Pictish encampment. " There," said he, " you

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES Ato QUERIES.

73

will perceive the remains of a very good camp."
"Yes, Sir," said I, in the words of Lovel, "I do
see something like a ditch indistinctly marked"
Sir Walter burst into a hearty fit of laughter,
saying, "Ay, my friends do call it the Kuirn of
Kitnprunes."

I trust your readers will forgive me for record-
ing these trivialities ; but Mr. Dtjnkin's Query
recalled them to my mind so forcibly after the
lapse of many years, that I venture to obtrude
them upon your notice.

Before I conclude this paper, I may be per-"
mitted to make reference to a series of letters
addressed to Richard Heber, Esq., M.P., by Mr.
Adolphus, son of the historian of the reign of
George III. In the conversation referred to, Sir
Walter Scott mentioned these letters in terms of
high approbation, — terms not undeserved ; for
a more elegant, ingenious, and convincing piece of
literary criticism never issued from the press.

At that time I had not seen it ; but in reference
to the passage in question, the coincidence of
which in the poem and the romance has not es-
caped the critic's acuteness, Mr. Adolphus makes
the following remarks :

" A refined speculator might perhaps conceive that
so glaring a repetition could not be the effect of inad-
vertence, but that the novelist, induced by some tran-
sient whim or caprice, had intentionally appropriated
the verses of his great cotemporary. I cannot, how-
ever, imagine any motive for such a proceeding, more
especially as it must appear somewhat unhandsome to
take possession of another man's lines for the mere
purpose of exhibiting them in a ridiculous light. Nor
does it seem to me at all unlikely that the author of
Marmion, supposing him to be also the author of Rob
Roy, should have unconsciously repeated himself in this
instance, for we find him more than once apologising
in his avowed works for having, in the haste of com-
position, snatched up expressions, and even whole lines,
of other writers."

The anecdote above recorded proves the justice
and refinement of the critic's speculation.

A BoRDERER.

THOMAS CAMPBELL.

In a small 8vo. volume before me, entitled The
History of the Stage : in ivhich is included the
Theatrical Characters of the most celebrated Actors
who have adorned the Theatre, §-c. ; with the The-
atrical Life of Mr. Colly Cibber (Lond. 1742), I
notice a very remarkable similarity of thought and
expression between its author and the late Thomas
Campbell. The dramatic author writes thus :

" But with whatever strength of nature we see the
poet show at once the philosopher and the hero, yet
the image of the actor's excellence will still he imper-
fect to you, unless language could put colours into
words to paint the voice with.

" The most that a Vandyke can arrive at is to make
his portraits of great persons seem to think ; a Shak-
speare goes farther yet, and tells you what his picture
thought ; a Betterton steps beyond them both, and
calls them from the grave to breathe and be themselves
again, in feature, speech, and motion. When the skil-
ful actor shows you all these powers at once united,
and gratifies at once your eye, your ear, your under-
standing, — to conceive the pleasure arising from such
harmony you must have been present at it ; 'tis not to
be told you."

Now compare this passage with the following
lines from Mr. Campbell's " Valedictory Stanzas
to J. P. Kemble, Esq.," composed for a public
meeting held June, 1817 :

" His was the spell o'er hearts
Which only acting lends,
The youngest of the Sister Arts,
Where all their beauty blends :
For ill can Poetry express

Full many a tone of thought sublime ;
And Painting, mute and motionless,

Steals but a glance of time.
But by the mighty actor brought,
Illusion's perfect triumphs come, —
■ Verse ceases to be airy thought,
And Sculpture to be dumb."

Serviens.

FOLK LORE.

Legends of the Co. Clare (Vol. viii., p. 436.). —
The Lake of Inchiquin, one legend of which has
been already published in "N. & Q.," is said to
have been once a populous and nourishing city,
and still on a calm night you may see the towers
and 3pires gleaming through the clear wave. But
for some dreadful and unabsolved crime, a holy
man of those days whelmed all beneath the deep
waters. The " dark spirit " of its king, who ruled
also over the surrounding country, resides in a
cavern in one of the hills which border the lake,
and once every seven years at midnight he issues
forth mounted on his white charger, and urges
him at full speed over hill and crag, until he has
completed the circuit of the lake ; and thus he is
to continue, till the silver hoofs of his steed are
worn out, when the curse will be removed, and the
city reappear in all its splendour. The cave ex-
tends nearly a mile under the hill ; the entrance is
low and gloomy, but the roof rises to a consider-
able height for about half the distance, and then
sinks down to a narrow passage, which leads into
a somewhat lower division of the cave. The
darkness, and the numbers of bats which flap their
wings in the face of the explorer, and whirl round
his taper, fail not to impress him with a sensation
of awe. Erancis Robert Davies.

Slow-icorm Superstition (Vol. viii., pp. 33. 479.).
— I believe that the superstition alluded to is

74

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

not confined to one country, nor to one species of
reptile. I remember to have heard some country-
men in Cornwall, who had killed an adder, say
that it would not cease to writhe until the sun had
gone down. Like many other so-called super-
stitions, it is probably founded on a close observa-
tion of a natural phenomenon ; and I feel quite
sure that I have seen in print, although I cannot
now call to mind where, that it is to be accounted
for by the fact, that in these cold-blooded animals
the nervous irritability does not cease until checked
or destroyed by the chilling dews of evening.

HoNOBE DE MaEEVILLE.

Guernsey.

THE VELLUM-BOUND JUNIUS.

{Vol. v., pp. 303. 333. 607. ; Vol. viii., p. 8.)

I have no doubt that it will be satisfactory to
some of your readers to know that I have in my
possession a copy, " vellum bound in gilt," of
Junius, printed for Henry Sampson Woodfall,
1772, 2 vols. This copy has been in the family
library for about sixty years. There are no
marks by which it can be traced to its original
owner. I imagine it must have been purchased
by my grandfather, Sir Thomas Metcalfe, after his
arrival from India about 1788 ; this is, however,
merely a conjecture, in default of any more' pro-
bable theory. Of the authenticity of this ccpy I
have no doubt ; I mean that it is now in the same
condition as when it was first issued by the book-
seller. The binding is evidently of an old date,
the gilding is peculiar, and the books correspond
exactly with the orders of Junius as given to
Woodfall in Note No. 47., Dec. 1771, and although
neatly bound, are, as Woodfall mentions in No. 64.,
not highly finished. Are there many copies of
this edition, or may I congratulate myself upon
possessing the one ordered by Junius ? It is
quite possible that my grandfather possessed this
copy some years before his return from India; and
I may mention that I also have a great many
political pamphlets and satires, chiefly in poetry,
of different dates, from 1760 to 1780, such as Ca-
tiline's Conspiracy ; The Diaboliad ; Ditto, with
additions, dedicated to the worst man in the king-
dom (Rigby), and containing allusions to all the
most celebrated characters of Junius ; The Se-
nators, La Fete Champetre, and many miscellanies.
These, however, are perhaps well known. I have
also a pamphlet containing an alleged unpublished
canto of the Faerie Queene of Spenser, and a great
many religious tracts from 1580 to 1700. Some
of the political poems are published by Almon.
Among other curious stray sheets, is a list of all
the gentlemen and officers who fell in the cause
of Charles I., and Mr. Richard Brown appears
amongst the number. I hope to communicate
more fully upon some future occasion, and must

conclude with an allusion to the claims of Francis
as the author of Junius. Strong as the proofs
may be in his favour in England, I believe that in
India there is testimony no less important ; and I
have been informed, by one who spoke with some
authority, that the letters of Francis upon record
in this country bear no resemblance whatever to
those of Junius. This assertion, however, is far
too vague to satisfy any of your readers. I hope
some day to be able to confirm it by examples.
The India House might furnish the private cor-
respondence between Francis and Hastings, which
would be extremely interesting.

T. Metcalfe.
Delhi.

The Scotch Grievance. — Can the demand of
Scotchmen, with respect to the usage of the royal
arms, be justified by the laws of Heraldry ? I
think not. They require that when the royal
arms are used in Scotland, the Scotch bearings
should be placed in the first quarter. Surely it is
against all rules that the armorial bearings, either
of a person or of a nation, should be changeable
according to the place where they are used. The
arms of the United Kingdom and of the sovereign
are, first and fourth, England ; second, Scotland ;
third, Ireland. The Scotch have therefore the
option of using these, or else the arms of Scotland
singly ; but to shift the quarterings according to
locality, seems repugnant to the principles of the
science. Queen Anne and George I. bore, in the
first quarter, England impaling Scotland : is it to
be supposed that, for Scotch purposes, they bore
Scotland impaling England ? Can any coin be
produced, from the accession of James VI. to the
English throne, on which the royal arms are found
with Scotland in the first quarter and England in
the second ?

A Descendant ebom Scottish Kings.

Walpole and Macaulay. — That well-known and
beautiful conception of the New Zealander in some
future age sitting on the ruins of Westminster
Bridge, and looking where London stood, may
have been first suggested by a thought in one of
Walpole's lively letters to Sir II. Mann :

" At last some curious native of Lima will visit
London, and give a sketch of the ruins of Westminster
and St. Paul's."

Anon.

Russian " Justice." — Euler, in his 102nd letter
to a German princess, says :

" Formerly there was no word in the Russian lan-
guage to express what we call justice. This was cer-
tainly a very great defect, as the idea of justice is of
very great importance in a great number of our judg-

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

75

ments and reasonings, and as it is scarcely possible to
think of the thing itself without a term expressive of
it. They have, accordingly, supplied this defect by in-
troducing into that language a word which conveys the
notion of justice."

This letter is dated 14th February, 1761. Statne
nominis umbra ? An answer is not needed to this
Query. But can nothing be done to rescue from
destruction the previous analytical treasures of
Euler, now entombed in the archives of St. Pe-
tersburgh ? T. J. Buckton.

Birmingham.

False Dates in Water-marks of Paper. — Your
correspondent H. W. D. (Vol. ix., p. 32.) on the
subject of the water-mark in paper, is, perhaps,
not aware that, within the last few years, the will
of a lady was set aside by the heir-at-law, her
brother, on account of the water-mark, she having
imprudently, as it was surmised, made a fairer
copy of her will on paper of a later date. The
case will be in the recollection of the parties em-
ployed in the neighbourhood of the Prerogative
Court. L.

eaucrtas.

MR. P. CUNNINGHAME.

Can any of your correspondents communicate
information respecting a Mr. P. Cunninghame, who
was employed in the Heralds' Office in the years
1768-69, and who appears to have left his situation
there in order to enter the church ? Mr. Cun-
ninghame, from a MS. volume of his letters now
before me, had friends and correspondents of the
names of Towne, Dehane, Welsh, Cockell, Bawd-
wen, Wainman, Haggard, Hammond, Neve, Ga-
thorne, Lines, Connor, &c, and relations of his
own name resided at Deal. One of his letters is
addressed to his cousin, Captain George Cun-
ninghame, General Marjoribanks' regiment, in
garrison at Tournay, Flanders.

Two gentlemen of the names of Bigland and
Heard (probably Sir Isaac Heard, who died a few
years since at a very advanced age) were his su-
periors in the Heralds' Office at the time of his
being there. A former possessor of this MS. vo-
lume has written in it as follows ; and so warm a
tribute of praise from a distinguished scholar and
late member of this university, has induced me to
send you his remarks, and to make the inquiry
suggested by them.

"I esteem myself fortunate in having purchased this
volume of letters, which I met with in the shop of
Mr. Robins, bookseller, at Winchester, in January,
1808. They do credit to the head and the heart of
the author. He seems to have been a man whose
imagination was lively, and whose mind was capacious,
as well as comprehensive. His remarks on different

subjects betray reading and reflection. His mental
powers, naturally vigorous, he appears to have culti-
vated and improved by as much reading as his employ-
ments and his agitation of mind would allow. I wish
that he had committed to this volume some specimens
of his poetry, as it would have been more than me-
chanical, or partaking of common-place, for he writes
in a style at once vigorous, lively, and elegant, and
gives proofs of a correct taste. He had a manly spirit
of independence, a generous principle of benevolence,
and a prevailing habit of piety. The first of these
qualifications did not in him (as it is too frequently apt
to do) overleap the bounds of prudence, or the still
more binding ties of duty, as is exemplified in the ex-
cellent letters to his father, and Mr. Dehane. It is to
be hoped that he entered into that profession from
which he was so long and so perversely excluded ; a
profession suited to his genius and inclination, which
would open an ample field for his benevolence, and
which would receive additional lustre from the example
of so much virtue and so much industry exerted in the
cause of truth. It is to be hoped that he gained that
competence and retirement to which the wishes of the
interested reader must follow him, regretting that he
knows not more of a man, who, from those amiable
dispositions and those eminent talents, pourtrayed in
this correspondence, would indeed —

• Allure to brighter worlds, and lead the way.'

R. F."

J. Macray.
Oxford.

WAS SHAKSPEARE DESCENDED FROM A LANDED
PROPRIETOR ?

Mr. Knight has on two occasions, the latter in
his Stratford Shakspeare just published, called at-
tention to what he concludes is an oversight of
mine in not drawing any conclusion from a deed
in which certain lands are mentioned as " hereto-
fore the inheritance of William Shakspeare, Gent.,
deceased." These words are supposed by Mr.
Knight to imply that the lands in question came
to Shakspeare by descent, as heir-at-law of his
father. This opinion appeared to me to be some-
what a hasty one : believing that no conclusion
whatever is to be drawn from the phrase as there
used, and relying on the ordinary definition of in-
heritance in the old works on law, I did not hesi-
tate, some time since, to declare a conviction that
the lands so mentioned were bought by Shak-
speare himself. As the question is of some im-
portance in the inquiry respecting the position of
the poet's ancestry, perhaps one of your legal
readers would kindly decide which of us is in the
right. I possess an useful collection of old law-
books, but there are few subjects in which error is
so easily committed by unprofessional readers. In
the present instance, however, if plain words are
to be relied upon, it seems certain that the term
inheritance was applied, to use Coweli's words, to

76

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

" every fee simple or fee taile that a man hath by
his purchase." (See The Interpreter, 1637.)

J. O. HaLLIWEJOL.

filter duerfrrf*

*' To try and gel" — The word and is often used
instead of to after the verb to try : thus, in Moore's
Journal (June 7, 1819), "Went to the theatre to
try and get a dress." What is the origin of this
erroneous mode of expression ? Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Fleet Prison. — Where can a list of the officers
of the Fleet Prison, especially the under officers,
and more especially the tipstaffs, a.d. 1696, and
shortly previously and subsequently, be seen ?

J.K.

Colonel St. Leger. — Where can I find an ac-
count of the celebrated Colonel St. Leger, the
friend and associate of George IV. when Prince of
Wales? In what year did he die? What age
was he when his picture, now in Hampton Court,
was painted by Gainsborough ? W. P. M.

Dublin.

Lords Descents. — Is a MS. collection of Lords'
Descents, by Thomas Maisterson, Esq., made about
the year 1705, now extant ? T. P. L.

Reverend Robert Hall. — Who was Robert
Hall, a preacher of some celebrity in the time of
James II. ? P. P. P.

"Lydia, or Conversion" — Can any of your corre-
spondents inform me who is the author of the follow-
ing excellent drama, published nearly twenty years
since : — Lydia, or Conversion ; a Sacred Drama,
inscribed to the Jews by a Clergyman of the Church
of England: London, 8vo., 1835, published by
Rivingtons, and Hatchard & Son ? A. Z.

Personal Descriptions. — Is Sir Walter Scott's
description of Saladin taken from any ancient
writer, or is it a fancy sketch ? If the latter, I
think he has fallen into error by describing in
Saladin the features of a civilised Arab, rather
than the very peculiar and unmistakeable charac-
teristics of the Koordish race.

In a novel now publishing in Ainsivorth 's Maga-
zine, styled the " Days of Margaret of Parma,"
the celebrated Duke of Alva is described as a
very tall man. I have never seen a portrait or
read a description of his person, but had formed
a very different idea of it from the circumstance
that Count Tilly, who was certainly a short man,
was said to be a striking counterpart of him in
face, figure, and dress, a resemblance which added
not a little to the terror and aversion with which

Tilly was regarded by the Protestants of Ger-
many. Can any of your correspondents refer me
to a description of Alva? J. S. Warden.

" One while I think " 8fc. — Whence are the fol-
lowing lines :

" One while I think, and then I am in pain,
To think, how to unthink that thought again."

W. M. M.

Lord Bacon. — Has the very discreditable at-
tack made on the moral character of the great
Lord Chancellor Bacon, by his cotemporary Sir
Simon D'Ewes, and related by Hearne the his-
torian at the end of his Life and Reign of King-
Richard II., been investigated, and either esta-
blished or disproved by later historians ?

Cestriensis,

Society for burning the Dead. — Wanted in-
formation as to the " Society for burning the.
Dead," which existed a few years ago in London-
A reference to any reports or papers of them
would oblige D. L.

Cui Bono. — What is the true rendering of the
Latin phrase Cui Bono f Most text-books say it
means " For what good ? " or, " What use was
it ? " But Francis Newman, in p. 316. of Hebreio
Monarchy, says it means " who gained by (the
crime)," and quotes Cicero pro Mdone, xii. § 32.,.
in favour of his meaning. T. R„

Dublin.

The Slock Horn. — Can any of your readers or
friends tell me where I can see a specimen of the
musical instrument called the "Stock Horn?"'
Or any musical instrument of primitive form,
similar to that which Wilkie has represented in a
subject from the " Gentle Shepherd," entitled
" Roger and Jenny." It seems to be a kind of
hautboy, or oboe, and often appears in musical
devices of the last century, especially by Scotch
printers. J. Gordon Smith:

Lady Harington. — Can any of your readers-
give the pedigree of the late Lady Harington,
mother of the lamented Principal of Brasenose
Coll. Oxford ? The writer of this, who was dis-
tantly related to her, recollects, though very
young, being struck with her beauty when he saw
her in 1787. One of her brothers died in India;
and another was curate of the lower church in
Guildford in 1806; he was probably Thomas
Philpot, of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, M.A. in 1798.
Her mother was daughter or granddaughter of
the celebrated mathematician Abraham de Moivre,
and had a sister, or aunt, housekeeper of Windsor
Castle. Her mother, the writer believes, was re-
lated to the Gomms, a branch of the family de-
scended from Eustache de St. Pierre. Anat.

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

11

Descendants of Sir M. Hale. — Are there any of
the descendants of Sir Matthew Hale, the famous
•judge of the seventeenth century, living either in
England or Ireland ? W. A.

A Query for the City Commission. — In the
London Gazette of January 23, 1684-5, we read
that King Charles II. sent to the Lord Mayor, in
a silver box sealed up with his majesty's seal, the
receipts of the several cements used by the pa-
tentees for making sea-water fresh ; as also the
•receipt of their metallic composition and ingre-
dients, certified under the hand of the Hon. Robert
Boyle, to be kept so sealed up by the present and
succeeding lord mayors, lest a secret of so great
importance to the public might come to be lost, if
lodged only in the knowledge of a few persons
therein concerned.

It is to be hoped that the commissioners who
.are now engaged in investigating the affairs of
the Corporation of London, will not fail in making
inquiry of the present Lord Mayor after this silver
box, committed so carefully to City preservation.

H.E.

Ci-oss-legged Monumental Figures. — Are any
instances of the cross-legged figures, so common
in England, to be seen in the churches of France,
Italy, or Spain ? and if so, where may engravings
of them be found ? J. Y.

Muffins and Crumpets. — Can any of your
readers tell me the origin of the names " muffins
and crumpets," and by whom and when intro-
duced at the English breakfast-table ?

Old Fogie.

Athenaeum.

fflinav (Quzvitst u)tth ®n£iocr3.

"Behemoth." — Does any one know a book called
Behemoth, an Epitome of the Civil Wars from
1640 to 1660? C.W.B.

[This was the last work written by the celebrated
Thomas Hobbes of Malmsbury. " This history is in
dialogue," remarks Bishop Warburton, "and full of
paradoxes, like all Hobbes' other writings. More phi-
losophical, political — or anything rather than historical ;
yet full of shrewd observations." The editions are,
1679, 8vo.; 1680, 12mo. ; 1682, 8vo.]

" Deus ex Machina" — From what author is
the phrase " Deus ex machina" taken? and what
was its original application ? T. R.

Dublin.

[" Deus ex machina " was originally a Greek pro-
verb, and used to denote any extraordinary, unex-
pected, or improbable event. It arose from the cus-
tom or stage-trickery of the ancient tragedians, who,
to produce uncommon effect on the audience, intro-
duced a deity on special occasions : — 'Etti twv napa-

Z6l<ov koI irapaXoywv, "it is spoken of marvellous and
surprising occurrences," as the German commentator,
F. Smeider, thus explains the words of the passage in
which the adage is to be found, viz. Lucian's Hermo-
tbnus, sub finem. The words are, to rwv TpayaftSw
tovto, Qehs etc /j.r)xavrjs eirKpaviis. To this custom Ho-
race alludes in his Ars Poetica, 1. 191. :

" Nee Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus
Incident."

Conf. Gesneri Thesaurus, in Machina.]

Wheelbarrows. — Who invented the wheel-
barrow ? It is ascribed to Pascal. Alpha.

[Fosbroke seems to have investigated the origin of
this useful article. He says, " Notwithstanding Mont-
faucon, it is not certain that the ancients were ac-
quainted with the wheelbarrow. Hyginus, indeed,
mentions a single-wheeled carriage, but it may apply
to a vehicle of conveyance. Some modern writers
ascribe the invention to Pascal, the famous geometer.
The one-wheeled carriage alluded to was, perhaps, the
Pabo of Isidore. As to the invention by Pascal, we
find berewe, a barrow, rendered by Lye, a versatile ve-
hicle ; but if more than the hand-barrow had been
meant, the addition of wheel would perhaps have been
made to the world." — Encyclopedia of Antiquities,
vol. i. p. 349.]

Persons alluded to by Hooher. — Who was the
ancient philosopher to whom Hooker alludes in
Eccles. Polity, b. in. ch. xi. (iii.) ? and the Puritan
champion of the Church Service, cited b. v.
ch. xxvii. (1.) ? Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

[The ancient philosopher is Philemon : see the
passage quoted by the Rev. John Keble, edit. Hooker,
1836, vol. i. p. 496., from Fragm. Incert., xliii., ed. Cler.
The Puritan champion is Edward Dering : see his
work against Harding, entitled A Sparing Restraint of
many lavish Untruths, Sfc, 4to. 1568.]

3EUnTt>$,

LONGFELLOW'S ORIGINALITY. *

(Vol. viii., p. 583.) '

J. C. B. has noticed " the similarity of thought,
and even sometimes of expression," between " The
Reaper and the Flowers " of this popular writer,
and a song by Luise Reichardt. But a far more
extraordinary similarity than this exists between
Mr. Longfellow's translation of a certain Anglo-
Saxon metrical fragment, entitled " The Grave "
(Tegg's edit, in London Domestic Library, p. 283.)
and the literal translation of the same piece by
the Rev. J. J. Conybeare, transcribed by Sharon
Turner in Hist. Ang. Sax., 8vo. edit. 1823, vol. iii.
p. 326. With the exception of a few verbal
alterations, indeed, which render the fact of the
plagiarism the more glaring, the two translations
are identical. I place a few of the opening and

78

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 222.

concluding lines of each side by side, and would
ask if the American poet has the slightest claim to
the authorship of that version, to which he has
affixed the sanction of his name.

Conybeare's Translation.

" For thee was a house built
Ere thou wert born,
For thee was a mould shapen
Ere thou of mother earnest.

" Who shall ever open
For thee the door
And seek thee,

For soon thou becomest loathly,
And hateful to look upon."

L.ongfelloio's Translation.

" For thee was a house built
Ere thou wast born,
For thee was a mould meant
Ere thou of mother earnest.

" Who will ever open
The door for thee
And descend after thee,
For soon thou art loathsome,
And hateful to see."

Wm. Matthews.

Cowgill. '".J:

QUEEN ELIZABETH AND QUEEN ANNE S MOTTO.

(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 255. 440.)

I was not aware that the Query at page 174.
was not fully answered by me in page 255., but
the following may be more satisfactory.

Camden, in his Life of Queen Elizabeth (Annals
of Queen Elizabeth, p. 32.), says her first and
chiefest care was for the most constant defence of
the Protestant religion as established by the au-
thority of parliament. " Her second care to hold
an even course in her whole life and in all her
actions, whereupon she took for her motto (1559),
Semper eadem (Always the same)."

In his Remains (p. 347. 4to. 1637), Camden
says, "Queen Elizabeth upon occasions used so
many heroical devices as would require a volume :
but most commonly a sive without a motte for
her words Video, Taceo, and Semper eadem, which
she as truly and constantly performed."

Sandford is silent as to her motto.

Leake says this motto, Semper eadem, was only
a personal motto ; as queen, the old motto, Dieu et
mon Droit, was used, and is so given in Segar's
Honour, Military and Civil, dedicated to her ma-
jesty in 1602, and which is also on her tomb. In
some churches where there are arms put up to
her memory, it is probable the motto Semper
eadem may sometimes have been seen as being a
personal motto to distinguish it from her brothers.
Queen Anne, before the union with Scotland, bore

the same arms, crest, and supporters as her father
King James II., but discontinued the use of the
old motto, Dieu et mon Droit, and instead thereof
used Semper eadem. The motto ascribed to Queen
Elizabeth she took for the same reason to express
her constancy ; but this, which was personal as to
Queen Elizabeth, was then made the motto of the
royal achievement, and seems the first instance
of discontinuing the old motto of Dieu et mon
Droit, from the first assumption of it by King
Edward III. ; for as to the different ones attri-
buted to Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, and
King James L, they were personal only.

The motto is indeed no part of the arms but
personal, and therefore is frequently varied ac-
cording to the fancy of the bearer ; nevertheless,
when particular mottoes have been taken to per-
petuate the memory of great events, either in
families or kingdoms, and have been established
by long usage, such should be esteemed as family
or national mottoes, and it is honourable to con-
tinue them.

In 1702 (Gazette, No. 3874) Queen Anne com-
manded the Earl Marshal to signify her pleasure
that wheresoever her royal arms were to be used
with a motto, that of Semper eadem should be
used; and upon the union with Scotland in 1707,
by her order in council it was ordered to be con-
tinued.

King George I., upon his accession, thought
proper to discontinue it, and restored the old
motto, Dieu et mon Droit. G.

BOOKS BURNT BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.

(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.)

The Histoires of Theodore Agrippa d'Aubigne
were condemned, by an arret of the parliament of
Paris, to be burnt by the common hangman. The
charge against the works was, that D'Aubigne had
spoken too freelybf princes ; and it may be added,
too freely also of the Jesuits, which was probably
the greatest crime. D'Aubigne said upon the oc-
casion, that he could not be offended at the treat-
ment given to his book, after having seen the Holy
Bible ignominiously hanged upon a gibbet (for
thus some fiery zealots used the Bible which they
had taken from the Huguenots, to show their pious
hatred to all translations of that book into their
native tongue), and fourscore thousand innocent
persons massacred without provocation.

The Histoire of James Augustus de Thou (a
Roman Catholic, though a moderate one) met
with the same fate at Rome that D'Aubigne s had
at Paris, and it was even debated in council
whether the like sentence should not pass against
it in France. D'Aubigne, however, spoke strongly
in its favour, affirming that no Frenchman had
ever before given such evident proofs of solid

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

79

judgment and steady application, qualities not
generally allowed to be the characteristic of the
nation. (Scott's Life of Theodore Agrippa cTAu-
bigne, p. 419.)

In 1762 the Emilie of Jean Jacques Rousseau
was burnt at Geneva by the common hangman.
Le Contrat Social had soon afterwards the same
fate. {Biographic Universelle, article " J. J. Rous-
seau.")

On June 17th, 1553, nearly the whole of the
edition of the De Christianismi Restitutione of
Servetus, which had been seized at Lyons, was
cast into the flames, and Servetus burnt in effigy
at Vienne in Dauphine. (Biographie Universelle,
art. " Servetus.")

In 1538 the English Bible, printed by Grafton
at Paris, was (with the exception of a few copies)
burnt by the order of the Inquisition. During
the reign of Henry VIII. (observes Mr. D'ls-
raeli in Amenities of Literature, vol. iii. p. 358.),
the Bishop of Durham had all the unsold copies
of Tindal's Testament bought up at Antwerp and
burnt. In this age of unsettled opinions., both
Roman Catholic and Protestant books were burnt.
In the reign of Edward VI. Roman Catholic works
fed the flames.

" All red-lettered illuminated volumes were chopped
in pieces with hatchets, and hurned as superstitious.
The works of Peter Lombard, Duns Scotus, and
Thomas Aquinas, carried on biers, were tumbled into
bonfires. In the reign of Mary pyramids of Protestant
volumes were burnt. All the Bibles in English, and
all the commentators upon the Bible in the vernacular
idiom (which we are told from their number seemed
almost infinite), were cast into the flames at the
market-place, Oxford." — D'Israeli's Amenities of Lite-
rature, vol. ii. pp. 164, 165.

In Strype's Memorials (3rd part, 2nd ed., p.
130.) is a proclamation of Philip and Mary, " that
whoever finds books of heresy and sedition, and
does not forthwith burn the same, shall be executed
for a rebel."

The Stationers' Company (who were granted
a charter of incorporation during the reign of
Philip and Mary) had power to seize, take away,
and burn books which they deemed obnoxious to
the state or to their own interests.

" When Elizabeth was upon the throne, political
pamphlets fed the flames, and libels in the reign of
James I. and his son." — D'Israeli's Curiosities of Li-
terature, " Licensers of the Press."

" In the first year of the reign of King William III.,
a.d. 1688, a grand auto-da-fe was performed by the
University of Oxford on certain political works.
Baxter's Holy Commonwealth was amongst those con-
demned to the flames." — D'Israeli's Amenities of
Literature, vol. iii. p. 325.

Perhaps some correspondent of " N. & Q." may
furnish other instances of books burnt. L. A.

STONE PULPITS.

(Vol. viii., p. 562.)

To Mr. Kerslet's list I can add, from my own
county, St. John the Evangelist, Cirencester,
used ; SS. Peter and Paul, Northleach, used ;
Staunton, All Saints, in the Hundred of St.
Briavell's, Dean Forest, not used.

The last has a curious double arrangement in
two storeys, like a modern reading-desk and pul-
pit, projecting west from the north side of the
chancel arch, or rather (if I recollect rightly, for
I took no notes on visiting the church) of the
west tower arch, and to both which there is
access from the newel leading to the ancient rood-
loft.

To the above might be added those of Coombe,
Oxon ; Frampton, Dorset ; and Trinity Church,
Coventry : and if any other than those in churches,
the angular one in the entrance court in Magda-
lene College, Oxford, from which, formerly, the
University Sermon used to be preached on the
festival of St. John the Baptist, when the court
was strewed with rushes for the occasion (vide
Glossary of Architecture, in verb.) ; that in the
refectory of Tinterne Abbey, Monmouthshire ;
and the well-known exquisite specimen of the
later Fir4t Pointed period, occupying a similar
locality in the Abbey of Beaulieu, Hants, so ela-
borately illustrated by Mr. Carter in Weale's
Quarterly Papers. Brookthorpe.

A collection of English examples alone would
make a long list. Besides the well-known one
(a.d. 1480) in the outer court of Magdalene Col-
lege, Oxford, the following are noted in the last
edition of the Oxford Glossary, viz. : — Beaulieu,
Hants (a. d. 1260) ; Beverley ; Chester ; Abbey
Garden, Shrewsbury : these are in refectories of
monasteries. In churches — at Cirencester ;
Coombe, Oxon (circa A. d. 1370) ; Frampton,
Dorset (circa a.d. 1450) ; Trinity Church, Co-
ventry (circa a.d. 1470) : the latter appears from
the cut to be stone.

In the second edition of the Glossary is also
St. Peter's, Oxon (circa 1400).

Devonshire abounds in good samples : see
Trans, of Exeter Architectural Society, vol. i., at
table of plates, and the engraved plates of three
very rich specimens, viz. Harberton, Chittlehamp-
ton, North Molton, each of which is encircled by
canopied niches with statues.

At North Petherton, in Somersetshire, is a
curious grotesque human figure of stone, crouched
on the floor, supporting the pulpit (which is of
wood, as I think) upon his shoulders, Atlas-like.

J. J. R.

Temple.

Mr. Kerseey desires a list of ancient stone pul-
pits. I can give him the following, but cannot

80

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 222.

describe their positions, nor certify which of them
are still used: — Bedfordshire, St. Paul's, Bed-
ford; Cheshire, Nantwich; Cornwall, Egloshayle;
Devonshire, Chittlehampton, Harberton, Totnes,
South YVooton ; Dorsetshire, Frampton ; Glou-
cestershire, North Cerney, Cirencester, Cold Ash-
ton, Northleach, Pitchcomb, Winchcomb, Glou-
cester Cathedral ; Hampshire, Beaulieu Abbey
(fine Early Decorated), Shorwell, Isle of Wight ;
Oxfordshire, Coombe (1395), Oxford, Magdalene
College (1480), Oxford, St. Peter's; Somerset-
shire, Chedder, Kew Stoke, Nailsea, Stogumber,
Wrington ; Sussex, Clymping ; Warwickshire,
Coventry, Trinity Church ; Worcestershire, Wor-
cester Cathedral. C. R. M.

The Glossai'y of Architecture supplies the fol-
lowing examples: — Beaulieu, Hampshire, c. 1260
(plate 166.), in the refectory; Combe, Oxford-
shire, c. 1370 (plate 166.); Magdalene College,
Oxford, c. 1480 (plate 166.), in the outer court ;
Frampton, Doi*set, c. 1450 (plate 167.); Holy
Trinity, Coventry, c. 1500 (plate 167.), restored
by Mr. Rickman.

Are, or were, the pulpits in the refectories of
the monasteries of Beverley, Shrewsbury, and
Chester, referred to in the Glossary sub vac. Pul-
pit, of stone ? W. Sparrow Simpson.

There are ancient stone pulpits still existing at
Beaulieu Abbey Church, now in use, a.d. 1260;
Wells Cathedral, in the nave, a.d. 1547; Magdalene
College, Oxford, a.d. 1480, in the south-east angle
of the first court, formerly used at the Univer-
sity Sermon on St. John Baptist's Day ; Combe
Church, Oxon., Perp. style : Frampton Church,
Dorset, a.d. 1450; Trinity Church, Coventry,
a.d. 1500. Mackenzie Walcott, M. A.

To the list may be added that of Holy Trinity
Church, Coventry, which is a very fine specimen,
and furnished with bracket for the book. It ad-
joins the south aisle piers, and is in use.

G. E. T. S. R. N.

ANTIQUITY OF FIRE -IKONS.

(Vol. viii., p. 587.)

The invention of these domestic instruments,
called " tongs, fireshovels, and prongs " by Sir
T. Browne, dates from a very early period. The
"shovel" is the A.-S. fyr-sceofl. Lye refers to
" the fire-sholve " of the sixteenth century, which
he tells us was " made like a grate to sift the sea-
cole with," exactly as we see it constructed now.
(See Gage's Hengi-ave, p. 23.) The " poker" (see
Du Cange, v. Titionarium) is mentioned by Johan.
de Janua, in the thirteenth century. It had
formerly two massive prongs, and was commonly
called the " fire-fork." There is a poker of this
description, temp. Hen. VIII., in Windsor Castle,

which is figured in Britton's Arcliit. Antiq., vol. ii.
p. 99. (See also Strutt's Horda Angelcynn, vol. ii.
pp. 62. 64., and Fosbrooke's Encyc. Antiq., pp.264.
305. 340.) The " tongs," A.-S. fyr-tang (see Du
Cange, v. Tenalea, Tenalcs, Tenecula), with which
Swift, mischievously directs us to stir the fire "if
the poker be out of* the way," are of the remotest
antiquity. They are frequently spoken of in the
sacred records, as by Isaiah, vi. 6. ; and we all
know to what purpose a similar weapon was ap-
plied by holy St. Dunstan. In fact, they are
doubtless coeval with fires themselves. The word
" tongs " is the old Icelandic, Nomena, or Ddnsk-
tunga, taxing, pi. tdngir, the Dan. tang, Scot, and
Belg. tangs, taings, Belg. tanghe, Alem. zanga,
Germ, zange, Gall, tenaille, Ital. tenaglia, &c. The
most ancient of the mytho-cosmogonic poems of
the elder Edda attribute to this implement an
origin no les3 than divine ; for in the Volo-spa,
st. vii., it is stated that when the mighty G£sir
assembled on Idavollr to regulate the courses of
the stars, to take counsel for the erection of tem-
ples and palaces, and to build furnaces, amongst
other tools, by them also then fabricated, tdngir
scupo, " they made tongs," for the use and delecta-
tion of the volundr a jam, or skilful blacksmith
(the Weyland smith of " Kenilworlh ") and care-
ful housewife of future days. Wm. Matthews.
Cowgill.

Aetquis will perhaps find his question satis-
factorily answered by a visit to Goodrich Court,
Herefordshire, where the late Sir Samuel Meyrick,
with the industry and exactness which distinguished
that indefatigable antiquary, had arranged a series
of rooms illustrative of the domestic habits of the
twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth,
and seventeenth centuries.

It is so long ago since I saw these rooms (and
then but very cursorily), that I will not undertake
to say the series was complete from the twelfth
inclusive ; and when, recently, last there, the
family were at home, and nothing but the armoury
shown ; but from the evident care taken of that
unrivalled and magnificent collection by the present
proprietor, the series of appropriate furniture,
each genuine specimens of the period they repre-
sent, is doubtless preserved intact, though I un-
derstood that the chambers had been since fitted
up more consistently with the requirements of the
nineteenth century. Brookthorpe.

ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.

(Vol. vii., p. 407.)

R. L. P. asks " What members of the British
language were present, when, in 1546, the English
commander Upton attacked and defeated the
famous corsair Dragut at Tarschien, in Malta?" .;

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

81

In answer to the above question I would beg to
l'emark, that in September, 1536, John d'Omecles
ascended the Maltese throne on the decease of
Didier de Saint Jaille ; and his reign continued
seventeen years, i.e. to 155.3. In looking through
several histories of the order, I am unable to
find any mention made of a Turkish descent on
the island in 1546. Had such an occurrence taken
place, it doubtless would have been recorded ; but
as it is not, it would have been impossible for the
Commander Upton to have distinguished himself
in any such conflict as your correspondent sup-
poses.

R. L. P. then asks, " What members of it were
present (that is, the British language) when the
Chevalier Repton, Grand Prior of England in
1551, was killed, after signally defeating the Turks
in another attack on the island ?"

With all due deference I would beg to state,
that there was not in July, 1551, when Dragut
made an attack on Malta, any English knight of
the name of Repton ; and it can be satisfactorily
shown by the following extract, that at the period
referred to by R. L. P., Nicholas Upton was Grand
Prior of England, and was not "killed" after sig-
nally defeating the Turks, but died from the effects
of a coup de soleil :

" L'isola del Gozzo fu presa da Sinam Bassa, a psr-
suas'ione di Dragutte, il 1551, essendosi renduto a
discrezione F. Galaziano de Sesse Aragonese, Governa-
tore, che vi rimase scliiavo. Ma poco dopo il Cavaliere
F. Pietro d'Olivares, la ristauro da damn patiti e vi
ricliiamo nuove famiglie a ripopolarla. Sinam, prima
di andare al Gozzo, fece una discesa in Malta, ma fu
rispinto da Cavaliere : nella quale azione pel molto caldo
snfferto, mori Nicolas Vpton, Gran Priore a" ' Inghilterra."
— Vide Codice Dip., vol. ii. p. 573. ; as also Vertot's
History of the Order, vol. iv. p. 144., date July, 1551.

That Sir Nicholas Upton was Grand Prior of
England in 1551, is sufficiently shown in the above
extract ; and that he was Commander of Repton,
or Ripston, will be as readily seen by the follow-
ing lines translated from the Latin, and to be
found in a book of manuscripts of the years 1547,
1548, 1549, now in the Record Office. (Vide Lib.
Bull. M. M. E. J. Homedes.)

" On the 15th November, 1547, Nicholas Upton was
appointed by the Grand Master Omedes Commander
of Ripston in the language of England. And on the
5th of November, 1548, he was exalted to the dignity
of Turcopolier, in place of the knigbt Russell de-
ceased."

I am unable to inform R. L. P. what English
knights were present in Malta in 1551 ; but enough
has already appeared in " N. & Q." to show that
they were few in number, and poor as regards
their worldly effects. The Reformation had de-
stroyed the British language, and caused the ruin
of its members. The first severe blow against the

Order of St. John of Jerusalem was given by
Henry VIII., and the last by Queen Elizabeth in
the first year of her reign. (Vide " N. & Q.,"
Vol. viii., pp. 189. 193.) William Winthrop.
La Valetta, Malta.

GRAMMARS, ETC., FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

(Vol. ix., p. 8.)

St. Mary's College, Winchester (publisher,
D. Nutt). — Novum Florilegium Poeticum ; Car-
mina quondam elegantissima ; De Diis et Heroibus
poeticis Melius ; Homeri Ilias (Heyne) et
Odyssca; ; Interpretatio Poikiles Istorias ; Ovidii
Fasti, libri vi. ; HoiKi\y larropia; Selector Historic
ex Ccesare, Justino et Floro ; Notes on the Diates-
saron, by the Rev. Frederic Wickham, now Second
Master ; Grceca: Grammatices Rudimenta, by Bi-
shop Wordsworth, late Second Master ; Greek
and Latin Delectus, by the Rev. H. C. Adams, late
Commoner Tutor.

Of Eton books there were in use the Latin and
Greek Grammars ; Pindar's Olympian and Pythian
Odes ; Scriptorcs Greed et Romani. A complete
list of Eton and Westminster school-books will be
found in the London Catalogue, which enrols Vidce
de Arte Poeticd ; Trapp's Pralectiones Poetica,
and the Rise, Src. of Poetry and Fine Arts in An-
cient Rome, as Winchester school-books.

In 1512, Winchester and Eton had a common
grammar. Hugh Lloyd, D.C.L., Head Master,
a.d. 1580 — 1602, wrote Dictata and Phrases Ele-
gantiores for the use of the school. William
Horman, M.A., Head Master of Winchester,
1495—1502, and Eton, 1489—1495, wrote Vul-
garia pnerorum.

Hugh Robinson, D.D., Head Master, wrote
Prayers and Latin Phrases for the school. It is
almost superfluous to name Bishop Ken's Manual
for Winchester Scholars, edited by Dr. Moberly,
the present excellent Head Master, some years
since. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

In pursuance of the hint of Mr. P. H. Fisher,
I will describe an old school-book in my possession,
which is bound up with Godwyn's Romana His-
torian Anthologia. It contains, l.Preces ; 2. Gram ;
maticalia quondam ; 3. Rhetorica brevis, and was
printed at Oxford in 1616 by Joseph Barnes.
Though there is nothing in the title-page to in-
dicate that it was for the use of Winchester Col-
lege, this sufficiently appears from the " Thanks-
giving for William of Wiccham " in the grace after
dinner, and also from the insertion of William of
Wykeham's arms before the Rhetorica brevis. It
bears abundant marks of having been used in the
school, and contains, on the blank pages with
which it was furnished, several MS. Wykehamical
memoranda, some of them well known, and others,

82

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

perhaps, the exercises of the original owner. All
are in Latin, except the following verses, which I
transcribe :

" On Queene Anne, Queene of the Scots.

March with his winds hath strooke a cedar tall,
And morning April weeps the cedar's fall,'
And May intends noe flowers her month shall bring,
Since shee must lose the flower of all the spring ;
Thus March's winds have caused April showers,
And yet sad May must lose her flower of flowers."

C. W. B.

DERIVATION OF MAWMET. CAME.

(Vol.viii., pp. 468. 515.)

That the word mawmet is a derivation from the
name of Mahomet, is rendered exceedingly pro-
bable by two circumstances taken in connexion :
its having been in common use to signify an idol,
in the age immediately following that of the Cru-
sades ; and the fact, that in the public opinion and
phraseology of that time, a Saracen and an idolater
were synonymous. In the metrical romances of
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Maho-
metanism is described as " hethenesse," and Sara-
cens as "paynims," "heathens," and "folks of
the heathen law." The objects of their faith and
worship were supposed to be Mahomet, Jupiter,
Apollo, Pluto, and Termagaunt. Thus, in the
romance of Richard Coeur de Lion :

" They slowe euery Sarezyn,

And toke the temple of Apolyn." — L. 4031-2.
" That we our God Mahoun forsake." — L. 4395.

" And made ther her (their) sacryfyse,
To Mahoun, and to Jupiter." — L. 4423.

" But to Termagaunt and Mahoun,
They cryede fast, and to Plotoun." — L. 6421-2.
Weber's Metrical Romances, vol. ii.

The editor says :

" There is no doubt that our romance existed before
the year 1300, as it is referred to in the Chronicles of
Robert de Gloucester and Robert de Brunne." — Vol. i.
Introd., p. xlvi.

In the same poem, the word mawmettes is used
to signify idols :

" Sarazynes before hym came,
And asked off hym Crystendame.
Ther wer crystend, as I find,
More than fourty thousynd.
Kyrkes they made off Crystene lawe,
And her (their) Mawmettes lete down drawe."

L. 5829—44.
In Wiclif's translation of the New Testament
also, the word occurs in the same sense : maw-
metis, idolis, and false goddis being used indiffer-

ently where idola or simulacra are employed in
the Latin Vulgate : thus —

" Fie ghe fro worschipyng of mawmetis."

1 Cor. x. 14.
" My litel sones kepe ye you fro mawmetis."

1 John v. 21.

And in Acts vii. 41., the golden calf is designated
by the same word, in the singular number :

" And thei maden a calf in tho daies, and offriden a
sacrifice to the mawmet."

In the first line of the quotation last given
from Richard Cosur de Lion, your correspondent
H. T. G. will find an early instance of the word
came ; whether early enough, I cannot say. In
Wiclif's version, cam, came, and camen are the
usual expressions answering to" "came" in our
translation. If above five hundred and fifty years'
possession does not give a word a good title to
its place in our language, without a conformity
to Anglo-Saxon usage, the number of words that
must fall under the same imputation of novelty
and "violent infringement" is very great indeed.

J. W. Thomas.

Dewsbury.

THE GOSLING FAMILY.
(Vol. vi., p. 510.)

One of the Flock asks for information re-
lative to the antiquity of the name and family of
Gosling. The Norman name of Gosselin is evi-
dently the same as that of Jocelyn, the tendency
of the Norman dialect being to substitute a hard
g for the/ or soft g, as gambe for jambe, guerbe for
gerbe. As a family name it is far from uncommon
in Normandy, and many of your antiquarian
readers may recognise it as the name of a pub-
lisher at Caen of works on the antiquities of that
province. A family of the name of Gosselin has
been established for many centuries in the island
of Guernsey. William Gocelyn was one of those
sworn upon the inquest as to the services, customs,
and liberties of the island, and the laws established
by King John, which inquest was confirmed by
King Henry III. in the year 1248. In the year
1331 an extent of the crown revenues, &c. was
made by order of Edward III., and in this docu-
ment the name of Richard Gosselin appears as
one of the jury of the parish of St. Peter-Port.

A genealogy of the Guernsey family of Gosselin
is to be found in the appendix to Berry's history
of that island, and it is there stated that —

" The first on record in Jersey is Robert Gosselin,
who greatly assisted in rescuing the castle of Mont
Orgueil from the French in the reign of Edward III.,
and was, for his gallant services, not only appointed
governor of the castle by that monarch, but presented
with the arms since borne by that family (viz. Gules, a

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

83

chevron between three crescents ermine), as appears by
the original grant under the great seal of England,
supposed to be upon record in the Tower of London,
or among the archives at Winchester. This Robert
Gosselin some time after settled in Guernsey, where
he married Magdelaine, daughter of William Mai-
travers, his majesty's lieutenant in that island."

On referring to Burke's Armory, I find that
families of the name of Gosselin, Gosling, and
Gooseling all bear arms similar to those described
above, or but slightly differing, which affords a
strong presumption that they are all descended
from the same stock. The arms of Gosselin of
Normandy are quite different.

HoNORK DE MaREVILLE.

Guernsey.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Tent for Collodion Purposes. — Some time ago, I saw
in " N. & Q." a slight notice of a tent for the collodion
process : I think it is called " Francis' Collodion
Tent." Would you, or some of your photographic
correspondents, oblige me by giving a short description
of this tent, or any other form, so that I may be able to
operate with collodion in the open air?

I am of an opinion, with a portable tent, so that we
could expose paper in a damp state, the process might
be done nearly as quick as collodion. All that need
be done for a paper negative, would be to expose and
develop ; it can be fixed at home. But after being
developed, it should be well washed and dried.

James O. Clazey.

Multiplying Negatives and Collodion on Paper. — As
I am desirous of printing a large quantity of copies of
a glass negative in my possession, I shall be obliged by
any hints as to the best method of multiplying such
negative, so as to guard against an accident from
breakage.

I should also feel obliged for any hints upon the
use of collodion applied to glass, paper intervening ;
so that the paper may be afterwards removed from the
glass, and used as a negative. I have heard of much
success in this way, but am at a loss to know the best
mode of operation. M. N. S.

Photographic Copies of Ancient Manuscripts, — Might
not photography be well employed in making fac-
similes of valuable, rare, and especially of unique
ancient manuscripts ? If copies of such manuscripts
could be multiplied at a moderate price, there are
many proprietors of libraries would be glad to enrich
them by what, for all purposes of reference, would
answer equally well with the originals. A.

[This subject, which has already been touched upon
in our columns, has not yet received the attention it
deserves. We have now before us a photographic
copy of a folio page of a MS. of the fourteenth or
fifteenth century, on which are inscribed a number of
charters ; and, although the copy is reduced so as to
be but about 2 inches high and 1^ broad, it is perfectly

legible ; and the whole of the contractions are as dis-
tinct as if the original vellum was before us.]

Fox Talbot's Patents Would the Editor of" N. &

Q." have the kindness to inform A. B. whether a pho-
tograph (portrait), taken from a black cutting made by
i an amateur, and inserted in a published work, would
j infringe on Mr. F. Talbot's patent ? Also, whether
collodion portraits come within his patent, as it was
understood it could only apply to the paper process ?
' (The cutting would be taken on albumenised paper.)
A. B. would also be glad to know where Towgood
of St. Neot's jtositive paper can be procured, and the
price? A. B.

Mr. Fox Talbot having thrown open the whole of
his patents, — with the exception of the taking of por-
! traits for sale, on which it is understood that gentle-
1 man claims a royalty which may, in some cases, be
I considered a prohibition, — I should be glad to know
j under which of Mr. Talbot's patents such royalty can
' be enforced, and when the patent in question expires? ,

H. H.

Antiquarian Photographic Society. — We believe that
most of the difficulties which have stood in the way of
the organisation of this Society have at length been
got over ; and that we shall, in the course of a week or
two, be enabled to state full particulars of its rules,
arrangements, &c. Our readers are aware that its
main object is the interchange of photographs among
the members ; each contributing as many copies of his
own work as there are members of the Society, and
receiving in exchange as many different photographs.
Thus, if the Society is limited to twenty-five or fifty
members, each member will have to furnish twenty-five
or fifty copies, as the case may be, of the photograph
he presents to the Society ; and, in return, will receive
one photograph from each of his fellow members. The
difficulty, or rather trouble of printing, must neces-
sarily limit the number of members ; and as a conse-
quence will, we doubt not, lead to the formation of
many similar associations.

3&t$\iz& Xa ffiinax tiiutviti.

" Firm was their faith" Sfc. (Vol. viii., p. 564. i
Vol. ix., p. 17.). — I am utterly unable to account
for the reserve shown by Saxa in withholding the
name of Robert Stephen Hawker, Vicar of Mor-
wenstow, author of the beautiful volume of poems
entitled Echoes from Old Cornwall : especially as
the author's name appears on the title-page, and
Saxa appears so desirous that his merits should
be better known to the world. 'A\teis.

Dublin.

Attainment of Majority (Vol. ix., p. 18.). — I
cannot, in courtesy, omit to notice Mr. Russell
Gole's obliging efforts to assist the investigation of
this subject. I must, however, refer him to the
first paragraph of my last communication (Vol. viii.,
p. 541.), on the reperusal of which he will find

84

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

that what he states to be " the question " has not
been at any time questioned. He has apparently
mistaken my meaning, and imagines that " about
the beginning of the seventeenth century" means
1704 (that being the date of the case cited by him).

I beg to assure him that I intended the expres-
sion, " beginning of the seventeenth century," to
be understood in the ordinary acceptation.

A. E. B.

Leeds.

Three Fleurs-de-Lis (Vol. ix., p. 35.). — I have
by me a MS. Biographical History of the English
Episcopate, complete from the foundation of every
See, with the armorial bearings of the several
bishops : the whole I have collected from the best
sources. I find among these, in the arms of Tril-
leck of Hereford, three fleurs-de-lis in chief; Stil-
lingfleet of Worcester, Coverdale of Exeter, North
of Winchester, three fleurs-de-lis, two in chief
and one in base; Stretton of Lichfield, three fleurs-
de-lis in bend. Mackenzie Walcott, M. A.

Sir John Egles, who was knighted by King
James IT. in the last year of his reign, and was
Lord Mayor of London in 1688, bore : Argent, a
fess engrailed, and in chief three fleurs-de-lis sable.

The family of France, now represented by
James France, Esq., of Bostock Hall, co. Cheshire,
bear : Ai-gent, on a mount in base a hurst proper,
a chief wavy azure, charged with three fleurs-de-
lis or. (The last are probably armes parlantes.)

Halford of Wistow bears : Argent, a greyhound
passant sable, on a chief azure, three fleurs-de-lis
or. Lewis Evans.

Devoniensis is informed, that the family of
Saunders bear the following coat of arms : viz.
Argent, three fleurs-de-lis sable, on a chief of the
second three fleurs-de-lis of the first. Also, that
the families of Chesterfield, Warwyke, Kempton,
&c, bear : Three fleurs-de-lis in a line (horizon-
tal) in the upper part of the shield. See Glovers'
Ordinary, augmented and improved in Berry's
Encyclopaedia Heraldica, vol. i. H. C. C.

Newspaper Folk Lore (Vol. ix., p. 29.). —
Although (apparently unknown to Londoner) the
correspondent of 2 he Times, under "Naval In-
telligence," in December last, with his usual accu-
racy, glanced at the " snake lore " merely to laugh
at the fable, I have written to a gallant cousin of
mine, now serving as a naval officer at Portsmouth,
and subjoin his reply to my letter ; it will, I
think, amply suffice to disabuse a Londoner's, or
his friend's, mind of any impression of credence to
be attached to it, as regards the snake :

" II.M.S. Excellent. — Jonathan Smith, gunner's
mate of the Hastings, joined this ship from the
Hastings in July ; went on two months' leave,
but came back in August very ill, and was imme-

diately sent to the hospital for general dropsy, of
which he shortly after died, and he was buried
in Kingston churchyard, being followed to the
grave by a part of the ship's company of the
Excellent.

" Shortly before his death a worm, not a snake,
came from him. It was nine inches in length ;
but though of such formidable dimensions, such
things are common enough in the East Indies,
where this man must have swallowed it, when
very small, in water. They seldom are the cause
of death, and, in the pi'esent instance, had nothing
whatever to do with it. The story of the snake
got into some of the papers, but was afterwards
contradicted in several."

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

Nattochiis and Calchanti (Vol. ix., p. 36.). —
Your correspondent F. S. A. asks what " cum
ganis et nattochiis" means, in a charter of the date
of Edward II. At that time nattes signified
reeds, and possibly withies : and the words quoted
I believe to mean, " with all grass and reeds (or
reed-beds)." He also inquires what is meant, in
a deed of grant of the time of Queen Elizabeth, by
a grant of " decimas calchanti," &c. ? It signifies
"tithes ways," &c. The original law Latin for
the modern phrase " all ways," &c, was calceata,
signifying "raised ways."

This word has (at different periods) been
written, calceata, calcata, calcea, calchia, chaucee,
and chausse; all of them, however, meaning the
same thing. John Thrufp.

11. York Gate.

Marriage Ceremony in the Fourteenth Century
(Vol. ix., p. 33.). — If R. C. will refer to Palmer's
Origines Liturgica> (Rivington,1845, vol. ii. p. 214.),
he will find that the first part of the matrimonial
office was " anciently termed the espousals, which
took place some time before the actual celebration
of marriage." Palmer explains :

" The espousals consisted in a mutual promise of
marriage, which was made by the man and woman
before the bishop or presbyter, and several witnesses.
After which, the articles of agreement of marriage
(called tabula matrimonml.es'), which are mentioned by
Augustin, were signed by both persons. After this,
the man delivered to the woman the ring and other gifts ;
an action which was termed subarrhation. In the latter
ages the espousals have always been performed at the
same time as the office of matrimony, both in the
western and eastern churches ; and it has long been
customary for the ring to be delivered to the woman
after the contract has been made, which has always been
in the actual office of matrimony."

Wheatly also speaks of the ring as a " token of
spousage." He tell us that —

" In the old manual for the use of Salisbury, before
the minister proceeds to the marriage, he is directed to

Jan. 23. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

85

ask the woman's dowry, viz. the tokens of spousage ; and
by these tokens of spousage are to be understood rings, or
money, or some other things to be given to the woman by
the man ; which said giving is called subarration (i. e.
wedding or covenanting), especially when it is done by
the giving of a ring" — A Rational Illustration of the
Book of Common Prayer, §*c. (Tegg, 1845), p. 408.

Perhaps the word subarration may suggest to
R. C. a clue, by which he can mend his extract ?

J. Sansom.

Clarence (Vol. viii., p. 565.). — I made no note
of it at the time, but I remember to have read, I
think in some newspaper biography of William IV.,
that the title of Clarence belonged to the Plan-
tagenets in right of some of their foreign alliances,
and that it was derived from the town of Chia-
renza, or Clarence, in the Morea. As many of the
crusaders accpjired titles of honour from places in
the Byzantine empire, this account may be correct.
Lionel Plantagenet's acquisition of the honour of
Clare by his marriage with Elizabeth de Burgh,
may have induced his father Edward III. to re-
vive the dormant title of Clarence in his favour.

HoNOBE DE MaBEVILLE.

Guernsey.

" The spire whose silent Jingc?;" Sfc. (Vol. ix.,
p. 9.).-

" And O ! ye swelling hills and spacious plains !
Besprent from shore to shore with steeple-tow'rs,
And spires whose silent finger points to heav'n."

Wordsworth, Excursion, vi. 17.

Coleridge uses the same idea in his Friend,
No. xiv. p. 223. :

" An instinctive taste teaches men to huild their
churches in flat countries with spire-steeples ; which,
as they cannot he referred to any other ohject, point
as with silent finger to the sky and stars ; and some-
times, when they reflect the hrazen light of a rich
though rainy sunset, appear like a pyramid of flame
burning heavenward."

F. R. M., M.A.

The following lines conclude a pretty little
poem of Rogers's, entitled A Wish. They furnish
at any rate a parallel passage to, if not the correct
version of, the above :

" The village church, among the trees,

Where first our marriage vows were given,
With merry peals shall swell the breeze,
And point with taper spire to heaven."

C. W. B.

Henry Earl of Wotton (Vol. viii., pp. 173.
281. 563.). — In reply to the editors of the
Navorscher I have to state —

1. That neither of the Lords Stanhope mentioned
died childless, the letters s.p. being a misprint for
v. p. (vita patris) ; Henry having died during the
lifetime of his father : and it was " in rejjard

that he did not live to enjoy his father's honours"
that his widow was afterwards advanced to the
dignity of Countess of Chesterfield.

2. It was Charles Stanhope's nephew (of the
half-blood), Charles Henry van der Kerckhove,
who took the name of Wotton. The insertion of
the word "thereupon" between "who" and "took,"
on p. 281., would have made the sentence less
obscure.

3. Philip, first Earl of Chesterfield, had, besides
Henry Lord Stanhope, two daughters and ten
sons. These were — John, who died a student at
Oxford; Ferdinando, M.P. for Tamworth, 1640,
killed at Bridgeford, Notts, 1643; Philip, killed
in defence of his father's house, which was a gar-
rison for the king, 1645 ; Arthur, youngest son,
M. P. for Nottingham in the parliament of
Charles II., from whom descended the fifth earl ;
Charles, died s.p. 1645 ; Edward, William, Tho-
mas, Michael, George, died young.

The earldom descended in a right line for three
generations to the issue of Henry, Lord Stanhope,
viz. Philip, his son, second earl ; Philip, third earl,
his grandson ; and Philip, fourth earl, his great-
grandson.

The Alexander Stanhope mentioned by the
editors of the Navorscher was the only son of
Philip, first Earl of Chesterfield, by his second
marriage. His mother was Anne, daughter of
Sir John Pakington, of Westwood, co. Worcester,
ancestor of the present baronet, late Secretary of
State for the Colonies. Broctuna.

Bury, Lancashire.

Tenth (or the Prince of Wales's Own) Begiment
of (Light) Dragoons (Vol. viii., p. 538. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 19.). — The monarch of this realm reviewing a
regiment, of which the heir apparent was not only
Colonel, but took the command, and directed all
the military evolutions on the occasion, was such
a particular event as to merit being commemo-
rated by the splendid picture at Hampton Court
Palace. Your correspondent $., who desires to be
informed on what particular day that review took
place, will find that it was on Thursday, Aug. 15,
1799. In the daily paper, The True Briton, o£
Aug. 16, 1799, he will find some details, of which
the following is an abridgment :

" The Prince of Wales's regiment (the 10th Light
Dragoons) was yesterday reviewed by his Majesty on
Winkfield Plain. The troops practised their man-
oeuvres through Cranbourne Woods, &c. His Royal
Highness gave the word of command to his regiment,
and wore in his military helmet 'an oak bough.' The
Prince of Wales gave an entertainment afterwards to
the officers at the Bush Inn, at Staines."

The general officers in attendance upon his
Majesty, and represented in the picture, were the
Commander-in-Chief, Field-Marshal H. R. H. the

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

Duke of York, K.G. and K.B., Colonel 2nd Foot
Guards; Lieut.-Gen. and Adjutant-Gen. Sir Wm.
Fawcett, K. B., 3rd Dragoon Guards ; Lieut.-
Gen. David Dundas, Quarter- master- General,
7th Light Dragoons; Major-Gen. Goldsworthy,
First Equerry, 1st Royal Dragoons. Narro.

Lewis and Sewell Families (Vol. viii., pp. 388.
521.). — C. H. F. will find M. G. Lewis's ances-
tors, his family mausoleum, the tomb of his ma-
ternal grandfather, &c., incidentally mentioned in
" M. G. Lewis's Negro Life in the West Indies,"
No. 16. of Murray's Home and Colonial Library,
1845. The pedigrees of the Shedden and Lush-
ington family would probably afford him some
information upon the subject of his Query.

The Right Hon. Sir Thos. Sewell's second wife
was a Miss Sibthorp, daughter of Coningsby
Sibthorp of Canwick, Lincolnshire. By her he
had one child, which died young. The Rev.
George Sewell, William Luther Sewell, Robert
Sewell, Attorney- General of Jamaica, and Lieut.-
Col. Thomas Bailey Heath Sewell, were sons of
the Right Hon. Sir Thos. Sewell by his first wife.
Thomas Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell, son of
the above Lieut.-Col. Thomas Bailey Heath Sewell,
died March 20, 1852, set. seventy-eight; and was
buried in Harold's Cross Cemetery, near Dublin.
Two daughters, the Duchess de Melfort, and Mrs.
Richards, wife of the Rev. Solomon Richards, still
survive him. (See Burke's Commoners, Supple-
ment, name Cole of Marazion ; and Burke's Die.
of Peerage and Baronetage, 1845, title West-

MEATH.) W. R. D. S.

Blue Bell and Blue Anchor (Vol. viii., p. 388.).
— Your correspondent 32et. inquires the origin of
the sign-boards of the " Blue Bell" and the "Blue
Anchor?" I have always understood that the
sign of the Bell, painted blue, was intended as a
substitute for the little Scotch flower bearing the
name of the blue-bell. I believe it is either the
blue flower of the flax, or that of the wild blue
hyacinth, which in shape much resembles a bell.
It was probably much easier to draw the metallic
figure than the flower, and hence its use by the
primitive village artists. As to the "Blue Anchor,"
the anchor is the well-known symbol of Hope,
and blue her emblematic colour. Hence this
adaptation is less a solecism than that of the bell
for the hyacinth. W. W. E. T.

66. Warwick Square, Belgravia.

Sir Anthony Wingfield : Ashmans (Vol. viii.,
pp. 299. 376.). — The portrait of Sir Anthony
Wingfield, " with the hand on the girdle," was, a
few years ago, in the collection of Dawson Turner,
Esq., at Yarmouth. A private etching of it was
made by Mrs. Turner. The original was rescued
from among the Letheringham pictures at Ash-

mans, where they appear to have been sadly neg-
lected.

The late Robert Rede, Esq., whose father,
Thomas Rede, purchased of Sir Edwin Rich,
Bart., in 1805, the manor of Rose Hall and Ash-
mans, erected upon that estate the mansion called
Ashmans. The place is not styled Ashmans Park,
nor does its extent warrant such a designation.

This property, on the death of Mr. Robert
Rede in 1822, passed to the late Rev. Robert
Rede Cooper, who assumed the surname of Rede';
and on his death, without male issue, the estate
devolved upon his four daughters, Louisa Char-
lotte, wife of Francis Fowke, Esq. ; Anne Cooper,
wife of Robert Orford Buckley, Esq.; Mary Anne
Sarah Bransby, wife of Charles Henry Tottenham,
Esq. ; and Miss Madeline Naunton Leman Rede.
The property has not been sold. Its most in-
teresting antiquarian feature is the old house
called Rose (or more properly Roos) Hall, which
belonged successively to the Colly, Suckling, Rich,
and finally the Rede, families.

The pictures which remained at Ashmans were
removed from thence within the last year; but
whether any of those from the Letheringham gal-
lery were among them, I know not. S. W. Rix.

Beccles.

Derivation of the Word "Celt" (Vol. viii., pp.344.
651.).— Job xix. 24. In the Cologne (Ely) edi-
tion of the Vulgate, 1679, the word is Celt. In
Mareschal's Bible (Ludg. 1525), the word in the
text is Celte, but the marginal note is " als Certe."
In the Louvain (or Widens) Bible (Antw., apud
Viduam et Hasredes Joannis Stelsii, 1572, cum
priv.), the word in the text is Certe. This latter
being an authorised edition of the Vulgate, it
seems probable that Celte, or Celt, must have
been an error. R- L R-

The Religion of the Russians (Vol. viii., p. 582.).
— Your correspondent J. S. A. has mentioned
under the above head the worship of " gods," as
he calls their pictures or images, by the Russians.
I am sure he will find no such name or meaning
given to them by the Russians in their writings :
for an account of what they really believe and teach
I would refer him to Mouravieff's History of the
Russian Church; The Catechism of the Russian
Church Translated; Harmony of their Doctrine
with that of the English Church ; all translated by
Mr. Blackmore, late Chaplain to the Russian Com-
pany. G. W.

French Translation of the " London Gazette"
(Vol. vi., p. 223.). — A correspondent describes a
French edition of the London Gazette, which he
had met with of the date of May 6, 1703; and
considering it as a curiosity, he wishes some reader
would give an account of it. It has occurred to
me to meet with a similar publication, which ap-

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

87

peared twenty years antecedent to the time above
specified. It is entitled La Gazette de Londres,
publiee avec Privilege, depuis le Jeudi 11, jusquau
Lundi 15, Mai, 1682 (vieux style), No. 1621. It
gives a very circumstantial detail of the loss of
the "Gloucester" frigate, near the mouth of, the
Humber, in the night of Friday, May 5, 1682,
when she was conveying the Duke of York (post-
quam James II.) to Scotland. Sir John Berry,
who commanded the vessel, managed to remove
the duke to another ship ; but the Earl of Rox-
burgh, Lord O'Brien, the Laird of Hopetoun,
Sir Joseph Douglas, Mr. Hyde (Lord Claren-
don's brother), several of the duke's servants, and
about 130 seamen, were lost in the " Gloucester."
The pilot was either deficient in skill, or obstinate,
and was to be brought to trial.*

With regard to the reason of publishing a French
version of the Gazette, might it not be judged ex-
pedient (as the French was then spoken in every
Court in Europe, and the English language almost
unknown out of the British dominions) to publish
this translation in French for foreign circulation ?
It is to be remarked that the copy I have met
with is styled privileged ? D. N.

" Poscimus in vita.,1' 8fc. (Vol. ix., p. 19.). —
Allow me to correct a double error in this line into
which Mr. Potter has fallen, though he has im-
proved upon the line of Balliolensis. The true
reading of it is —

" Poscimus in vitam pauca, nee ista diu."

In vitam (for life) is better Latin than "in vita ;"
and ista is more appropriate than " ilia," in refer-
ence to things spoken unfavourably of.

C. DelaPryme.

Pichard Family (Vol. ix., p. 10.). — The Pickard
family are not from Normandy, but from Piccardy.
Doubtless, many a Le Norman, Le Gascoign, and
Le Piccard settled in this .country during the
Plantagenet connexion with those provinces. P. P.

" Man proposes, tut God disposes " (Vol. viii.,
pp. 411. 552.). — Piers Ploughman's Vision, quoted
by your correspondent Mr. Thomas, proves that
the above saying was used prior to the time of
Thomas a Kempis ; but in adding that it did not
originate with the author of the De Imitatione,
your correspondent overlooked the view which
attributes that wonderful work to John Gerson, a
Benedictine Monk, between the years 1220 and
1240 ; and afterwards Abbat of the monastery of

[* It will be remembered tbat Pepys accompanied
the Duke of York on this excursion to Scotland, and
was fortunately on board his own yacht when the
"Gloucester" was wrecked. His graphic account of
the disaster will be found in the Correspondence at
the end of his Diary. — Ed.]

St. Stephen. (Vide De Imit. curd Joh. Hrabieta,
1847, Praefat., viii. et seq.)

Can any of your correspondents give other early
quotations from the De Imitatione ? The search
after any such seems to have been much over-
looked in determining the date of that work.

H. P.

Lincoln's Inn.

General Wkitelocke (Vol. viii., p. 621.). — In
reply to G. L. S., I well remember this unfortu-
nate officer residing at Clifton, near Bristol, up
to about the year 1826 ; but as I then removed
to a distant part of the kingdom, I cannot say
where the rest of his life was spent. Although I
was then but young, the lapse of years has not
effaced from my memory the melancholy gloom of
his countenance. If the information G. L. S. is
seeking should be of importance, I cannot but
think he may obtain it on the traces which have
been given him. To which I may add, that up
to a late period a son of the General, who was
brought up to the church, held a living near Mai-,
ton, Yorkshire ; in^ied, I believe he still holds it.

D. N.'s information, that General Whitelocke
fixed his residence in Somersetshire, may probably
be correct ; but it has occurred to me as just
possible that Clifton was the place pointed to, in-
asmuch as it is a vulgar error, almost universal,
that Bristol (of which Clifton may now be said to
be merely the west end) is in Somersetshire ;
whereas the fact is, that the greater part of that
city, and the whole of Clifton, are on the Glouces-
tershire side of the Avon, there the boundary
between the two counties.

I may mention, that in a late number of TaWs
Magazine (?), there was a tale, half fiction and
half fact, but evidently meant to appear the latter,,
in which the narrator states that he was in the
ranks in General Whitelocke's army ; and in that
fatal affair, in which he was engaged, the soldiers
found that the flints had been removed from all
the muskets, so as to prevent their returning the
enemy's fire ! And this by order of their General.
Is not this a fresh invention ? If so, it is a cruel
one ! M. H. R.

Non-jurors'1 Motto (Vol. viii., p. 621.).—" Cetera
quis nescit" is from Ovid, Amorum, lib. i., Elegia v.
v. 25. W. J. Bernhard Smith.

Temple.

" The Red Cow " Sign, near Marlborough
(Vol. viii., p. 569.). — Being informed tbat Crom-
well's old carriages, with the " Red Cow" on them,
were some years ago to be seen as curiosities at
Manton near Marlborough ; Cromwell being a
descendant of a Williams from Glamorgan, and
the cow being the coat of arms of Cowbridge ; and
the signs of inns in that county being frequently

88

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

named " The Red Cow ;" — will any of your readers
oblige with some account of the origin of " The
Red Cow" as a sign ; and what family has now a
claim to such as the family arms ? Glywysydd.

Emblematic Meanings of Precious Stones (Vol.
viii., p. 539. ; Vol. ix., p. 37.).— To the list of
works on the mystical and occult properties of
precious stones given by Ma. W. Pinkerton,
allow me to add the following, in which the means
of judging of their commercial value, and their
medicinal properties, are chiefly treated of:

" Le Parfaict Ioaillier, ov Histoire des Pierreries:
ov sont amplement descrites, leur naissance, juste prix,
moyen de les cognoistre, et se garder des contrefaites,
Facultez medicinales, et proprietez curieuses. Com-
pose par Anselme Boece de Boot, &c. : Lyon, 1644,
12mo., pp. 788."

William Bates.

Birmingham.

Calves' -head Club (Vol. viii., p. 480. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 15.). — A correspondent of the Cambridge
Chronicle of Dec. 31 says, that in the churchyard
of Soham, Cambridgeshire, there is "a monster-
tomb surrounded by a lofty iron railing," with the
following inscription in letters of a large size :

- Robert D'Ave, Esquire, died April, 1770. Also
Mary, Wife of Robert D'Aye, Esquire, Daughter of
William Russell, Esquire, of Fordham Abbey, and
Elizabeth his Wife, who was the only surviving
Daughter of

Henry Cromwell,

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Son of

Oliver Cromwell,

Protector; died November 5, 1765, aged 73 years."

After stating that in the same tomb lie the
bodies of the daughter of D'Aye, and his wife
(ob. 1779), their grandson (1803), and great-
grandson (1792), the writer adds that there is a
tradition in Soham that, during the lifetime of
Mrs. D'Aye, out of respect to the doings of Oliver
Cromwell, on the anniversary of King Charles's
martyrdom, a calf's head besmeared with blood
was hoisted on a pole in front of the cot of the
husband. P. J. F. Gantillon.

"Burial in an erect Posture (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 59.
233. 630.) ; Eulenspiegel (Vol. vii., p. 357., &c.).—
The German rogue Eulenspiegel (or Howleglass,
as Coplande renders it), of whose adventures "N.
& Q." has had several notices, is another example
of upright burial, as the following passage, trans-
lated by Roscoe, shows :

" Howleglass was buried in the year 1350, and his
latter end was almost as odd and as eccentric as his
life. For, as they were lowering him again into the
grave, one of the ropes supporting the feet gave way,
and left the coffin in an upright position, so that
Howleglass was still upon his legs. Those who were

present then said: ' Come, let us leave him as he is,
for as he was like nobody else when he was alive, he is
resolved to be as queer now he is dead.'"

Accordingly, they left Howleglass bolt upright,
as he had fallen ; and placing a stone over his
head, on which was cut the figure of an owl with
a looking-glass under his claws, the device of his
name, they inscribed round it the following lines :

howleglass's epitaph.

" Here lies Howleglass, buried low,
His body is in the ground ;
We warn the passenger that so
He move not this stone's bound.
In the year of Our Lord mcccl."

His tomb, which was remaining thirty years ago,
and may be now, is under a large lime-tree at
Mollen, near Lubeck.

In Roscoe's German Novelists, vol. i. p. 141. et
seq., there are references to several editions in
various languages of the adventures of Thyll
Eulenspiegel. J. R. M., A.M.

Biting the Thumb (Vol. vi., pp. 149. 281. 616.).
— The lower orders in Normandy and Britanny,
and probably in other parts of France, when wish-
ing to express the utmost contempt for a person,
place the front teeth of the upper jaw between
the nail and flesh of the thumb, the nail being
turned inwards : and then, disengaging the thumb
with a sudden jerk, exclaim, "I don't care that
for you," or words of similar import. Is not this
the action alluded to by Shakspeare and other
writers, as "biting the thumb ?"

HoSORE DE MaREVILLE.
Guernsey.

Table-turning and Table-talking in Ancient
Times (Vol. ix., p. 39.). — I have received from
a correspondent in Berlin the subjoined transla-
tion of an article which was published in the Neue
Preussische Zeitung of January 10 :

" We have been informed that Professor Ranke has
found out a passage in Ammianus Marcellinus by which
it is unquestionably proved that table-turning was
known in the east of the Roman Empire.

" The table-turners of those days were summoned as
sorcerers before the Council, and the passage referred
to appears to have been transcribed from the Protocol.
The whole ceremony (modus movendi hie ftcit) is very
precisely described, and is similar to what we have so
often witnessed within the last month ; only that the
table-turners, instead of sitting round the table, danced
round it. The table-oracle likewise answered in verse,
and showed a decided preference for hexameters.
Being asked • Who should be the next emperor?' the
table answered ' Theod." In consequence of this reply,
the government caused a certain Theodorus to be put
to death. Theodosius, however, became emperor.

" The table oracle, in common with other oracles,
had a dangerous equivocal tendency."

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

89

I learn from my correspondent, that the pas-
sage in Ammianus Marcellinus, though brought
into notice by Professor Ranke, was discovered by
Professor August at this place (Cheltenham). I
am unable to verify the following reference : see
Ammianus Marcellinus, Tterum Gestarum, lib.xxix.
(p. 177., Bipont. edit.), and lb. lib. xxxi. (p. 285.)

John T. Graves.

Cheltenham.

The Bell Savage (Vol. vii., p. 523.). — Mb.
James Edmeston is correct in rejecting the
modern acceptation of the sign of the well-known
inn on Ludgate Hill, as being La Belle Sauvage.
Its proper name is " The Bell Savage," the bell
being its sign, and Savage the name of its pro-
prietor. But he is wrong in supposing that
" Bell " in this case was the abbreviation of the
name Isabella, and that the inn " was originally
kept by one Isabella Savage." In a deed enrolled
on the Close Roll of 1453, it is described as
" Savage's Ynne, alias Le Belle on the Hope."
The bell, as in many other ancient signs, was
placed within a hoop. (See the Gentleman 's Ma-
gazine for November last, p. 487.) N.

Boor-head Inscriptions (Vol. viii., p. 652.). —
About the year 1825, I remember an old house
known by the whimsical name of " Wise-in-Time,"
at Stoke-Bishop, near Bristol ; over the front door
of which there was the following inscription,
carved on a stone tablet :

" Ut corpus animo,
Sic Domus corpori."

The house had the reputation of being haunted.
I cannot say whether it is still in existence.

M. H. R.

Over the door of a house in Alnwick, in the
street called Bondgate :

" That which your father

of old hath purchased and left

you to possess, do you dearly

hold to show his worthiness.

M. W. 1714."

Ceyrep.
Funeral Customs in the Middle Ages (Vol. vi.,
p. 433.). — In answer to your correspondent Mr.
Peacock, as to whether a monument was usually
erected over the burial-place of the heart, &c. ? it
is mentioned in Miss Strickland's Life of Queen
Mary Stuart, that —

" An elegant marble pillar was erected by Mary as
a tribute of her affection, to mark the spot where the
heart of Francis II. was deposited in Orleans Cathe-
dral."

L. B. M.

Greek Epigram (Vol. viii., p. 622.). — The epi-
gram, or rather epigrams, desired by your corre-
spondent G. E. Fbere are most probably those

which stand as the twelfth and thirteenth in the
ninth division of the Anthologia Palatina (vol. ii.
p. 61., ed. Tauchnitz). Their subjects are iden-
tical with that quoted by you, which stands as the
eleventh in the same collection. The two best
lines of Epigram XIII. are —

" 'Avtpa t/9 XnrSyvwv inrep vdroto \tirauyijs
~*Hye, irbSas %pi)(ras, ufi/xaTa, xpyvdy-evos."

P. J. F. Gantillon

Machey's "Theory of the Earth'1'' (Vol. viii
pp. 468. 565.).—

" Died, on Saturday se'night, at Doughty's Hospi-
tal in this city, Samson Arnold Mackey, aged seventy-
eight years. The deceased was born at Haddiscoe,
and was a natural son of Captain Samson Arnold of
Lowestoft. He has been long known to many of the
scientific persons of Norwich, and was remarkable for
the originality of his views upon the very abstruse sub-
ject of mythological astronomy, in which he exhibited
great sagacity, and maintained his opinions with extra-
ordinary pertinacity. He received but a moderate
education ; was put apprentice to a shoemaker at the
age of eleven, served his time, and for many years after-
wards was in the militia. He did not again settle in
Norwich until 1811, when he hired the attic storey ot
a small house in St. Paul's, where he followed his
business and pursued his favourite studies. About
1822 he published his first part of Mythological Astro-
nomy, and gave lectures to a select few upon the science
in general. In 1825 he published his Theory of the
Earth, and several pamphlets upon the antiquity of the
Hindoos. His room, in which he worked, took his
meals, slept, and gave his lectures, was a strange
exhibition of leather, shoes, wax, victuals, sketches of
sphinxes, zodiacs, planispheres ; together with orreries
of his own making, geological maps and drawings, illus-
trative of the Egyptian and Hindoo Mythologies.
He traced all the geological changes to the different
inclinations of the earth's axis to the plane of its orbit,
and was fully persuaded that about 420,000 years
ago, according to his theory, when the poles of the
earth were last in that position, the geological pheno-
mena now witnessed were produced. From his sin-
gular habits, he was of course looked upon with wonder
by his poor neighbours, and those better informed were
inclined to annoy him as to his religious opinions. He
had a hard struggle of late years to obtain subsistence,
and his kind friend and patron the late Mr. Money -
ment procured for him the asylum in which he died.
He held opinions widely different to most men ; but it
must not be forgotten that, humble as he was, his
scientific acquirements gained him private interviews
with the late Duke of Sussex, the Duke of Somerset,
and many learned men in the metropolis."

The above is taken from the Norwich Mercury
of August 12, 1843. Trivet Aelcock.

Norwich.

"Homo Vnius Libri" (Vol. viii., p. 569.). — DTs-
raeli devotes a chapter, in the second series of his

90

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 222.

Curiosities of Literature, to " The Man of One
Book." He says :

■ A predilection for some great author, among the
vast number which must transiently occupy our atten-
tion, seems to be the happiest preservative for our
taste .... He who has long been intimate with one
great author will always be found a formidable anta-
gonist The old Latin proverb reminds us of

this fact, Cave ab homine unius libri, Be cautious of the
man of one book."

and he proceeds to remark, that "every great
writer appears to have a predilection for some
favourite author," and illustrates it by examples.

ElRIONNACH.

Muffs worn by Gentlemen (Vol. viii., p. 353.). —
In the amusing quarrel between Goldsmith's old
friend and his cousin in St. James's Park, "Cousin
Jeffrey," says Miss, " I knew we should have the
eyes of the Park upon us, with your great wig so
frizzled and yet so beggarly." " I could," adds
Mr. Jeffrey, " have patiently borne a criticism on
all the rest of my equipage ; but I had always a
peculiar veneration for my muff." (Essays, p. 263.,
edit. 1819.) Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

ffiiittXimtawi.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

If, as we believe, the first and greatest qualifications
for an editor of Shakspeare be love for his author and
a thorough appreciation of his beauties, Mr. Charles
Knight may well come forward once more in that
character. And, as he well observes, the fact of his
having laboured for many years in producing a body of
Commentary on Shakspeare, so that he was, out of the
necessity of its plan, compelled not to miss any point,
or slur over any difficulty, renders him not the less
fitted for the preparation of an edition which is intended
to be " The People's Shakspeare." The first volume
of this edition, which he calls The Stratford Shakspeare,
is now before us. It comprises the " Facts connected
with the Life and Writings of Shakspeare," and the
" Notice of Original Editions," and a most valuable
shilling's worth it is. And there can be little doubt
that, if Mr. Knight realises his intentions of suiting the
present work to the wants of the many, by his endea-
vours, without any elaborate criticism, to unravel the
difficulties of a plot, to penetrate the subtlety of a cha-
racter, and to show the principle upon which the artist
worked, the present will be the crowning labour
of his many praiseworthy endeavours to place a good
edition of the works of our great dramatist within the
reach of all

" Who speak the tongue
That Shakspeare spake."

We cannot better show the utility and interest of
The Autograph Miscellany ; a Collection of Autograph
Letters, Interesting Documents, Sfc, selected from the

British Museum, and other sources Public and Private,
than by stating the contents of the first number, which
certainly contains admirable lithographic fac-similes of
— I. Queen Elizabeth's Letter to the House of Com-
mons in answer to their Petition respecting her
Marriage; II. Letter from Catherine de Medici;
III. Wren's Report on the Design for the Summit of
the City Monument; IV. Letter from Rubens on the
Defeat of the English at Rochelle. Their execution is
certainly most creditable to the artist, Mr. F. Nether-
clift.

Books Received. — The Works of Joseph Addison,
with Notes by Dr. Richard Hurd, Bishop of Worcester,
in Four Volumes, with Engravings, Vol. I. This is the
first of a new, cheap, and well-printed edition of Hurd's
Addison, and forms one of Mr. Bohn's new series of
British Classics. — The Russians of the South, by
Shirley Brooks, the 53rd Part of Longman's Traveller's
Library, is a very lively and amusing little volume. It
would have been read with interest at any time, but
is especially deserving of attention at the present
moment.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Establishment op the Turks in Europe. By Lord John
Russell.

Of Sir Waiter Scott's Novels, without the Not°s, Constable's
Miniature Edition: Anne of Geieistein, Betrothed, Castle
Dangerous, Count Robert of Paris, Fair Maid of Perth, High-
land Widow. Red Gauntlet, St. Ronan's Well, Woodstock,
Surgeon's Daughter, and Talisman.

Companion to the Almanac. All published.

*,» Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent, to Mb. Bell, Publisher of " NOTES AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Penny Cyclopaedia, from Part CVII. inclusive, to the end.

Wanted by Rev. F. N. Mills, 11. Cunningham Place, St. John's
Wood.

Birch's Gallery of Antiquities. Parts I. and II.
Burton's Excf.rpta Hirroglyphica.
Wilkinson's Materia Hieroglyphica.

Wanted by Prichard, Roberts, # Co., Booksellers, Chester.

Waverlf.y Novels. Miniature edition. 18mo. Published by

Constable *t Co. Complete.
Horne's Introouction to the Scriptures. 5 Vols. 8vo.
O'Brien's Round Towers of Ireland. Last Edition.
Howe's Dartmoor.

Wanted by Simms §• Son, Booksellers, Bath.

Lettres de Xavier. 2 Vols. Not the abridged edition.
Wanted by Mr. Hay ward, Bookseller, Bath.

Genuine and Impartial Mrmoirs of the Life and Charac-
ter of Charles Ratclipfk, wrote by a g ntleman of the
family, Mr Eyre, to prevent the Public being imposed on by
any erroneous or partial accounts to the prejudice of this un-
fortunate gentleman. London : printed for the Proprietor, and
sold by E. Cole. 1746.

Wanted by Mr. Doug/as, 16. Russell Square, London.

Jan. 28. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

91

Letters of the Herbert Family.
Wanted by Henningham 8c Hollis, 5. Mount St., Grosvenor Sq.

Forster's Perennial Calendar and Companion to the Al-
manack. 8vo. London, 1824.
A Skrmon on Knowledge. By Rev. H. J. Rose. Lond. 1826.
Lettkrs by Catholicus on Sir Robt. Peel's Tamworth Address.

Lond. 1841.
Kirchrr's Musurgia Universalis. Roraae, 1650. 2 Toms in
1. Folio.
Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers,
Grafton Street, Dublin.

Seldbn's Works by Wilkins. Folio. Vol. II 1. Part II. 1726.
Bishop Gauden, the Author of " Icon Basilike," by Dr. Todd.
8vo. (A Pamphlet.)

Wanted by Thos. G. Stevenson, Bookseller, Edinburgh.

0rit{cerf to CarretfpDtrtfeutg.

Caution to Bookbuyers We have received copiet of some

tellers, which we may perhaps hereafter print, but to which we
now need make no farther allusion than to warn gentlemen
whose inquiries for hnoks through " N. & Q." mat/ be answered
not to part with their money until they receive the books —
unless they are dealing with well-known and respectable book-
sellers.

Scrutator, who writes touching The Kilkenny Cats, is re-
ferred to our 2nd Vol., p. 71 .

D. D. J. The fragment of MS. forwarded by our Correspon-
dent is a portion of a' Latin Commentary on St. Luke.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price lOx 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price M. is For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

COMPLETION OF THE CATHOLIC

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

By WM. BERNARD MAC CABE, ESQ.

In the Press.
THE THIRD AND LAS* VOLUME OF

A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF
ENGLAND. Price 18s.

Orders to complete Sets can be addressed to the
Publisher, T. C. NEWBY, 30. Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, Loudon.

N.B.— Only a limited number of Copies of
this Edition will be published. It will be
therefore necessary for intending purchasers
to give their orders as early as possible.

" Carefully compiled from our earliest re-
cords, and purporting to be a literal translation
of the writings of the old Chroniclers, miracles,
visions, &c., from the time of Gildas; richly
illustrated with notes, which throw a clear,
and in many instances a new light on what
would otherwise be difficult and obscure pas-
sages." — Thomas Miller, History of the Anglo-
Saxons, p. 88.

Works by the same Author.

BERTHA ; or, The POPE and

the EMPEROR.

THE LAST DAYS OF

O'CONNELL.

A TRUE HISTORY OF THE

HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION.

THE LIFE OF ST. ETHEL-

BERT, KING of the EAST ANGLES.

A GRANDFATHER'S

STORY-B' >OK ; or, TALES and LEGENDS,
by a POOR SCHOLAR.

ANNOTATFD EDITION OF THE EN-
GLISH POETS, BY ROBERT BELL.
This Day, foolscap octavo, 2s. 6d. cloth, the

POEMS OF THE EARL OF
SURREY, of MINOR CONTEMPO-
RANEOUS POETS, and of SACKVI1.I.E,
LORD BUCKHURST ; with Critical Notes
and Biographical Memoirs.

The First Volume of the New and Anno-
tated Edition of the "ENUI.ISH POETS." by
ROBERT BE1.L, was published on the 1st
January, containing the POETICAL WORKS
OF JOHN DRYOEN. Vol. I., 2s. 6d. cloth.
On the 2nd March will be published DRY-
DEN'S POETICAL WORKS, Vol. II.
London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, fcp. 8vo., 4s. 6d.

THE FOUR GOSPELS, IN
ONE NARRATIVE. Arranged by Two
Friends.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

MUSIC— The Messrs. ROBERT
COCKS fc CO., Music Publishers to the
Queen, New Burlington Street.have just issued.
Gratis and Postage Free, Specimen Pages of
their fine Octavo Fditions of Messiah (price
6s. tid.), the Creation (price 4s. 6rf.), and of
Handel's Samson (price 6s ) ; as also of their
Chorister's Hand-book (price 8s.), Warren's
Psalmody (price 8s.1. Warren's Chnnttr's
Hand-t'uide, 373 chants, 5s. ; and their Hand-
book of Glees, &c., 4to., containing 56 composi-
tions (price 8«.).

" We advise our numerous Readers to inspect
these beautiful specimens of music printing,
and to possess themselves of works as remark-
able for Cheapness as they are for intrinsic
merit and beauty of appearance."— Vide Globe,
Jan. 10.

T7LEMENTARY MUSIC. —

JTJ HAMn.TON'S-MODERN INSTRUC-
TIONS for SINGING. Third Editio". Hamil-
ton's Modern Instructii ns for the Pianoforte,
fingrred by Carl Czerny, Forty-ninth Edition,
4s. Hamilton's Dictionary of 3500 Musical
Terms, by John Bishop, Korty-second Edition.
Is. Clarke's Cateci ism of the Rudiments of
Music, Twenty-ninth i dition, Is.

"We have long used these educational
Work 8. and fairly tested their value. We can
most cordially recommen'' them for tf'e use of
all who are commencing the study of music."—
Vide the British Mother's Magazine for Decem-
ber, edited by Mrs. Bakewell.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO.,

New Burlington Street.

To be had of all Musicsellers and Booksellers.

Eighth Thousand, Price One Shilling.

pOBDENIC POLICY THE

\ J INTERNAL ENEMY OF ENGLAND.
The Peace Society ; its Ombativeness. Mr.
Cobden: his Secretiveness. By ALEXANDER
SOMERVILLE, "One who has Whistled at
the Plough."

London : ROBERT HARDWICKE, 38. Carey
Street, and all Booksellers.

Valuable Illustrated Books at Reduced Prices.

ROBERTS' HOLY LAND.
250 Plates. 16/. 16s. Published at 41
guineas.

DIGBY WYATT'S INDUS-
TRIAL ARTS OF THE NINFTEENTH
CENTURY. 160 Plates. 2 vols, folio, half-
bound mortcco. l«l. 10s. Publishedat 17/. 17s.

DIGBY WYATTS METAL

WORK, and its ARTISTIC DESIGN. 50
Plates. Fi Ho, half-bound moro-.co. 3/. 3s.
Published at 6/. 6s.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

T T. GODDARD, Astronomical

ff • Telescope Maker, 2. Jesse Cottages,
Whitton, near tsleworth, London (or 10
minutes' walk of Hounslow Railway Station).

Excellent Portrait Combinations, 2} diame-
t( r, for Portraits np to 5 inches, suitable also
for Landscapes, mounted with rack and pinion
3?. 3s. ; or with sliding adjustment, only 2/. 15>.

Excellent Portrait Combinations 3} diam.,
for Port raits 7 to 8 inches, and Landscapes of
about 10 inches, mounted with rack-work ad-
justment, 71. 7s.

An Achromatic Landscape Lens of 12J, 14,
16 or 17j inches focus, of 2} diameter, mounted
in brass, with stops attd rack-work adjustment,
2/. ; or with sliding adjustment, only II. 13s.

An Achromatic Landscape Lens of 3J diam.,
of 12 to 18 inches focus, mounted in brass, with
stops and rack-work adjustment, 41. 7s. 6rf. ; or
with sliding adjustment, only 31. 17s. 6rf.

A 2} Landscape Lens, unmounted, any focus
(made), 15*.

A 3J Landscape Lens, unmounted, 21.

The (Portrait and Landscape) Combinations
of Lenses. 3} diam., unmounted, 41. ; ditto, 2£
diam., II. 10s.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

/\ CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAG8,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the oneninz as large as the hag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
men 's, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

RENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH.as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. I. Class X.. in Cold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, mavnowbe had at the MANU-
FACTORY. 65. CHEAPSIOE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17. 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases. 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10. and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 8 guineas. Superior T,ever, with
Chronometer Balance. Gold. 27, 23. and 19
guineas. Bennett's PocketChronnmeter.Gold,
50 'uineas : Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and 41. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

92

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 222.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A.Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Directors.
H. E. Bicknell.Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. ;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Vhysician. — William Rich. Bosham, M.D.

Bankers.— Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
1001.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—

.Age £ s. d. I Age £ s. d.

17 - - - 1 14 4 I 32- - - 2 10 8
22- - - 1 18 8 37- - - 2 18 6
27- - -245|42- - -382
ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6^., Second Edition,
Tvith material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TRE ATISE on BKNEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

^almtnTa' k teral £ifr
jtaratn* &M\ti\\,

52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.

Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION:

THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOL-
LOWING ADVANTAGES :

The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE
MILLION.

Exemption of the Assured from nil Liability.

Premiums affording particular advantages to
Young Lives.

Participating and Non-Participating Pre-
miums.

In the former EIGHTY PER CENT, or
FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided
amongst the Assured Triennially, either by
way of addition to the sum assured, or in
diminution of Premium, at their option.

No deduction is made from the four-fifths
of the profits for Interest on Capital, for a
Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.

POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and
INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud.

At the General Meeting, on the 31st May
last, A BONUS was declared of nearly Two
Per Cent, per annum on the amount assured,
or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of
SIXTY per cent, on the Premiums paid.

POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE
PREMIUM ONLY has been paid.

Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.

The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock.
Assurances may be effected by applying on any
other day.between the hours of 10 and 4, at the
Office of the Society, where prospectuses and
all other requisite information can be obtained.
CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.

POLICY HOLDERS in other
COMPANIES, and intending Assurers
generally, are invited to examine the Rates,
Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only
Society in which the Advantages of Mutuul
Assurance can be secured bv moderate Pre-
miums. Established 1837. Number of Poli-
cies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and
a Half Millions.

Full Reports and every Information had
(Free) on Application.

*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp
Duty ; and attention is invited to the circum-
stance that Premiums payable for Life Assur-
ance are now allowed as a Deduction from
Income in the Returns for Income Tax.

GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec.
London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.— Reduction
in Price of French Papers prepared for
Mons. Le Gray's Process. Examination of the
Papers, and comparison with the Prices hitherto
charged for the same description, is respect-
fully solicited : the most perfect Selection
and Chemical Manipulations having been ob-
served, with a hope that an endeavour to re-
duce the Cost of this beautiful and extensively
applied Branch of Photographic Art, may
secure a nortion of Public Patronage. Canson
Freres' Waxed Negative fall spotted or imper-
fect sheets rejected), 6s. per Quire. Iodized
ditto, 8s. Sensitive, avaiiable for three weeks,
13s. : Size, 17i by 11 J, demy folio. Specimens
of either Papers sent Free, between boards, on
Receipt of Postage (10 Stamps), addressed,
Prepaid, to

LUKE SAMS, 7. Adelphi Chambers, facing
the Society of Arts, Adelphi, London.

*** Positive Papers, English and Foreign.

"IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKTN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, 1«. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE

& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAME-
RAS. -OTTE WILL'S REGISTERED
DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
is superior to every other form of Camera,
for the Photographic Tourist, from its capa-
bility of Elongation or Contraction to any
Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its
adaptation for taking either Views or Por-
traits The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tri-
pod Stands, Printing Frames, Ac, may be ob-
tained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte
Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c, made to order
or from Drawings.

Celtic Literature, Welsh Dictionaries, Breton
Songs.

B. QUARITCH,

16. CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER
SQUARE,

Offers for Sale :

1. Zeuss, Grammatica Celtiea, 2 vols. 8vo.,
PP. 1166, a valuable and learned Celtic Polv-
glott, 21s. [1853.

2. Pughe's Welsh-English Dictionary, 2 vols,
impl. 8vo. (best edition), cloth, 21. 8s. [1832.

3. Walter's English- Welsh Dictionary, 2 vols,
impl. 8vo. r published at 31. 3s.), cloth, the com-
panion to Pughe, only 18s.

4. Barzaz-Breiz, Chants de la Bretagne,
Breton et Fransais, 2 vols. 12mo., with the
Music, 8s. [1816.

5. Ro3trenen, Dictionnaire FraMais-Celtique,
4to., calf, gilt, 36s. [1732.

6. Spurrell's Welsh-English and English-
Welsh Dictionary, with a good Grammar,
3 vols, in 2, 12mo. calf, 12s. [1819.

7. The Cambro-Briton, 3 vols. 8vo.,balf-bd.,
calf, 36s. [1820-22.

8. Lhuyd's Archxologia Britannica, folio,
calf, good copy, 21. 2s. [1 707.

9. The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales,
3 vols, royal 8vo., calf, gilt, very good copy,
9/. 9s. [1801-7.

*** B. Quaritch's Catalogue,
containing upwards of
2000 rare and valuable
Philological Works, Gene-
ral Literature, Books of
Prints, Heraldry, &.C., Is
just published, price 6d.

Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised
and corrected. Dedicated by Special Per-
mission to

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR
THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH.
The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H.
MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. . The
Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable
also to Two or One, including Chants for the
Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise System of Chantini*, by J. B.
SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to
Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth,
price 25s. To be had of Mr. .1. B. SALE, 21.
Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on
the receipt of a Post-office Order for that
amount : and, by order, of the principal Book-
sellers and Music Warehouses.

" A great advance on the works we have
hitherto had, connected with our Church and
Cathedral Service." — Times.

" A collection of Psalm Times certainly un-
equalled in this country."— Literary Gazette.

" One of the best collections of tunes which
we have yet seen. Well merits the distin-
guished patronage under which it appears." —
Musical World.

" A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
with a system of Chanting of a very superior
character to any which has hitherto appeared."
— John Bull.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS,

COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as per-
formed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.

C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond Street.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stoneficld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geokoe Bell, of No. 185. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No, 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, January 28. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 223.]

Saturday, February 4. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, 5<f.

CONTENTS.

Notes : -

Tage

Dryden on Shakspeare, by Bolton Corney 95

Party Similes of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury :— No. 1. "Foxes and Fire-
brands." No.?. "The Trojan Horse " 96

Dutch East India Company. — Slavery
in England, by James Graves - 98

Original llovnl Letters to the Grand
Masters of M.'.lta, by Win. Winthrop 99

Enareans - • - - - 101

Minor Notes : — Russia and Turkey —
Social Effects of the severe Weather,
Jan. 3 and 4, 1854 — Star of Bethlehem
_ Origin of the Word " Cant " — Epi-
gram on Four Lawyers - - 103

Queries : —

Contributors to " Knight's Quarterly

Magazine" - - - - 103

The Stationers' Company and Al-
manack - - - - - 104

Minor Qukrit-s : — John Bunyan _
Tragedy by Mary Leapor — Repairing
old Prints — Arch-priest in the Dio-
cese of Exeter— Medal in honour of
the Chevalier de St. George — Robert
Bidet — Sir J. Wallace and Mr.
Browne — Robert Dudley, Earl of
Leicester— Abbott Families— Author-
ship of a Ballad — Elias Petley — Ca-
naletto's Views round London — A
Monster found at Maidstone — Page - 104

Minor Queries with Answers : —
The Fish " Ruffins " — O.igin of the
Word Etiquette — Ilenri Quatre —
"He that complies against his will,"
Ike, and " To kick the bucket " — St.
Nicholas Cole Abbey - - - 106

Replies : —

Trench on Proverbs, by the Rev. M.

Margoliouth - - - - 107

Inscriptions on Bells - 109

Arms of Geneva - - - - 110

Photographic Correspondence: — Mul-
tiplying Negatives — To wgood's Pa-
per— Adulteration of Nitrate of Sil-
ver- - - - - - 110

Replies to Minor Queries : — Passage
of Cicero — Major Andre — Catholic
Bible Society — Cnssiteridet — Wooden
Tombs and Effigies — Tailless Cats _
Warville _ Green Eyes _ Came —
* Epitaphium Lucretia: " — Oxford
Commemoration Squib — " Imp " —
False Spellings from Sound — "Good
■wine needs no bush" — Three Fleurs-
de-I.ys — Portrait of P!owden_St.
Stephen's Day and Mr. Riley's " Hovc-
<'en" — Death Warnings in Ancient
Families _" The Secunde Personne
in the Trinitie " - - - - 111

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, fcc. - 111

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 115

Notices to Correspondents - .-115

Vol. IX.— No. 223.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
—THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is
now open at the Gallery of the Society of
British Artists, Suffolk Street. Pall Mall, in the
Morning from 10 a.m. to half-past i p.m., and
in the Evening from 7 to 10 p.m. Admission Is.
Catalogue lid.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION. - An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebraled French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT S l'atent
Process, One Guinea ; Tliree extra Copies for
10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BO.ND STREET.

riX) PRE-RAPHAELITES.—

X On Sale, a very beautiful Collection of
CHINESE DRAWINGS.

B. QUARITCH, 10. Castle Street, Leicester
Square.
*** B. Q.'s Catalogue of 2000 Rare, Valu-
able, and Curious Books, just published, price
67.

SCIENTIFIC RECREATION FOR YOUTH
—EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG
EVENINGS, by means of ST ATH AM'S
Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboiatories,
5s. 6d., 7s. M., 10s. 6tf.. 21s., 31s. 6</., 42s., 6is.,
and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6c/. "Il-
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded
Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Che-
mist, 29 c. Itotherfleld Street, Islington,
London, and of Chemists and Opticians
everywhere.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Beddinsr Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Kecords whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen cn.;a^cd in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which lie has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
IIATCHAM, SURREY.

Just published, in cloth 8vo., 10s. 6c7.

ON THE DECLINE OF LIFE
IN HEALTH AND DISEASE ; being
I an Attempt to investigate the Causes of Lon-
| gevity, and the' best Means of attaining a
I Healthful Old Age. By BARNARD VAN
OVEN, M.D., Fellow of the Royal Medical
Chirurgical Society, &c.

" Old and young, the healthy and the in -
valid, may alike obtnin useful and practical
hints from Dr. Van Oven's book ; his advice
and observations are marked by much cxpeii-
ence and good sense." — Literary Gazette.

JOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho.

■D.i

Just published, price Is.,

ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS

\}J REFORM. — An Account of the Present
Dplorable State of the ECCLESIASTICAL
COURTS of RECORD, with Proposals for
their Complete Reformation. By W. DOWN-
ING BRUCE, Esq., Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-
at-Law, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries,
&c.

HENRY ADAMS. 9. Parliament Street, and
W. ARPTHOEP, 22. BUiopsgate Street.

TEGG'S CHRONOLOGY.

In One handsome Volume, post 8vo., cloth,
price 9s.

YEGG'S DICTIONARY OF

L CHRONOLOGY ; or. Historical and
Statistical Kegister, from the Birth of Christ to>
the Present Time. Fifth Edition, revised and
improved.

London : WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
No. CLXXXVIL, is published THIS
DAY.

Contents :

I. LIFE AND WORKS OF GRAY.
II. HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS — SIDE-
REAL ASTRONOMY.

III. MISSIONS IN POLYNESIA.

IV. M. GUIZOT.

V. RELIGION OF THE CHINESE
REBELS.
VI. CAVTREN'S TRAVELS AMONG

THE LAPPS.
VII. MEMOIRS OF KING JOSEPH.
VIII. TURKEY AND RUSSIA.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

ALL WORKS published under
the Title SCOTT'S POETICAL
WORKS are IMPERFECT and INCOM-
PLETE, unless they bear the Imprint of
ROBERT CADELL, or ADAM & CHARLES
BLACK, Edinburgh.

AUTHORS EDITION OF

SCOTT'S POETRY, including the Copyright
Poem of the LORD OF THE ISLES, 6 El-
gravings, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.

A. & C. BLACK, Edinburgh.
HOULSTON & STONEMAN, London.

94

NOTES AND QUERIES.

■[No. 223.

Cfje CamDcn Society*

FOR THE PUBLICATION OF

EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS.

THE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to
perpetuate, and render accessible, whatever is
Taluable, but at present little known, amongst
the materials for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or
Literary History of the United Kingdom ; and
it accomplishes that object by the publication of
Historical Documents, Letters, Ancient Poems,
and whatever else lies within the compass of
its designs, in the most convenient form, and
at the least possible expense consistent with
the production of useful volumes.

The Subscription to the Society is 11. per
annum, which becomes due in advance on the
first day of May in every year, and is received
by MESSRS. NICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT
STREET, or by the several LOCAL SECRE-
TARIES. Members may compound for their
future Annual Subscriptions, by the pay-
ment of 10?. over and above the Subscription
for the current year. The compositions re-
ceived have been funded in the Three per Cent.
Consols to an amount exceeding 900L No
Books are delivered to a Member until his
Subscription for the current year has been

Said. New Members are admitted at the
leetings of the Council held on the First
Wednesday in every month.

The Publications for the year 1851-2 were :

52. PRIVY PURSE EX-
PENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II.
Edited by J. Y. AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.

53. THE CHRONICLE OF

THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited
from a MS. in the Cottonian Library by
J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.

54. PROMPTORIUM: An

English and Latin Dictionary of Words in
Use during the Fifteenth Century, compiled
chiefly from the Promptorium Parvulorum.
By ALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Vol. II. (M to R.) (ivow ready.}
Books for 1852-3.

55. THE SECOND VOLUME

OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, con-
taining, 1. Expenses of John of Brabant,
1292-3 ; 2. Household Accounts of Princess
Elizabeth, 1551-2 ; 3. Requeste and Suite of a
True-hearted Englishman, by W. Cholmeley,
1553 ; 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at
Clerkenwell, 1627-8 ; 5. Trelawny Papers ;
6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswell.—
Now ready for delivery to all Members not in
arrear of their Subscription.

56. THE VERNEY PAPERS.

A Selection from the Correspondence of the
Verney Family during the reign of Charles I.
to the year 1639. From the Originals in the
possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart. To be
edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Trea. S.A.

57. REGULjE INCLUSARUM:

THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the
Rules and Duties of Monastic Life, in the An-
glo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century,
addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a
translation from the Latin Work of Simon de
Ghent. Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from
MSS. in the Cottonian Library, British Mu-
seum, with an Introduction, Cilossarial Notes,
&c, by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D.,
Prebendary of Lincoln. (Jfow ready.)

The following Works are at Press, and will be
issued from time to time, as soon as ready :

58. THE CORRESPOND-
ENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY,
during the Civil Wars. To be edited by the
REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready
immediately.)

ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD

EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD,
Bishop of Hereford, in the years 1289, 1290, with
Illustrations from other and coeval Docu-
ments. To be edited by the REV. JOHN
WEBB, M. A., F.S.A.

THE DOMESDAY OF ST.

PAUL'S : a Description of the Manors belong-
ing to the Church of St. Paul's in London in
the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON
HALE.

ROMANCE OF JEAN AND

BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de
Reims, an Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter
end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from the
unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by
M. LE ROUX DE LINCY, Editor of the
Roman de Brut.

Communications from Gentlemen desirous
of becoming Members may be addressed to the
Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.

WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.
25. Parliament Street, Westminster.

THE SECOND VOLUME IS NOW READY.

Embellished with 9 Portraits, price only 7s. 6d.
bound, of the

riHEAP EDITION OF MISS

\J STRICKLAND'S LIVES OF THE
QUEENS OF ENGLAND.

To be completed in 8 Monthly Volumes, post
8va., price 7«. 6d. each, bound, illustrated with
PORTRAITS OF EVERY QUEEN, and
including, besides all other late improvements.
A COPIOUS INDEX.

Also just published, THE FOURTH AND
CONCLUDING VOLUME, price 6*. bound,
of the

flHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVE-

I \J LYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPON-
I DENCE.

" We rejoice to welcome this beautiful and

i compact edition of ' Evelyn' — one of the most

I Taluable and interesting works in the language,

I now deservedly regarded as an English classic."

— Examiner.

In a few Days,

PEPYS' DIARY AND Cor-
respondence.
a new and improved library

EDITION, in 4 vols, demy 8vo., illustrated
with Portraits and other Plates, and with
numerous additional Notes. Edited by LORD
BRAYBROOKE.

Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his
Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13.
Great Marlborough Street.

WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,

AND ORDER OF THEIR EDBLICATION.

Restoration of King Ed-
ward IV.

Kyng Johan, by Bishop
Bale.

Deposition of Richard II.

Plumpton Correspondence.

Anecdotes and Traditions.

Political .^ongs.

Hayward's Annals of Eli-
zabeth.

Ecclesiastical Documents.

Norden's Description of
Essex.

Warkworth's Chronicle.

Kemp's Nine Daies Won-
der.

The Egerton Papers.

Chronica Jocelinide Brake-
londa.

Irish Narratives, 1611 and
1690.

Rishanger's Chronicle.

Poems of Walter Mapes.

Travels of Nicander Nu-

, Diary of Dr. John Dee.

Apology for the Lollards.

Rutland Papers.

Diary of Bishop Cartwright.

Letters of Eminent Lite-
rary Men.

Proceedings against Dame
Alice Kvteler.

Promptorium Parvulorum :
Tom. I.

Suppression of the Monas-
teries.

Leycester Correspondence.

French Chronicle of Lon-
don.

Polydore Vergil.

The Thornton Romances.

Verney 's Notes of the Long
Parliament.

Autobiography of Sir John
Bramston.

Correspondence of James
Duke of Perth.
i Liber de Antiquis Legibus.
. The Chronicle of Calais.

48. Q

Polydore Vergil's History,
Vol. I.

Italian Relation of Eng-
land.

Church of Middleham.

The Camden Miscellany,
Vol. I.

Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton.

Diary of Walter Yonge,
Esq.

Diary of Henry Maehyn.

Visitation of Huntingdon-
shire.

Obituary of Rich. Smyth.

Twysden on the Govern-
ment of England.

Letters of Elizabeth and
James VI.

Chronicon Petroburgense.
jUeen Jane and Queen
Mary.

Bury Wills and Inventories.

Mipes de Nugis Curialium.

Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guyl-
ford.

In 8vo., 5s. 6d., bound in cloth, with many
Woodcuts.

THE LAWS OF THE He-
brews relating to the POOR. By the
RABBI MAIMONIDES. Now fir^t translated
into English, with an Introduction upon the
Rights and upon the Treatment of the Poor,
the Life of Maimonides, and Notes. By J. W.
PEPPERCORNE, ESQ.

" Deeply learned and of inestimable value.''
— Church of England Quarterly Review.

London :PELHAM RICHARDSON, 23. Corn-
hill ; and E. LUMLEY, 126. High Holborn.

COMPLETION OF THE CATHOLIC

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

By WM. BERNARD MAC CABE, ESQ.

In the Press.
THE THIRD AND LAST VOLUME OF

A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF
ENGLAND. Price 18s.

Orders to complete °ets can he addressed to the
Publisher, T. C. NEWBY, 30. Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, London.

N.B.— Only a limited number of Copies of
this Edition will be published. It will be
therefore necessary for intending purchasers
to give their orders as early as possible.

" Carefully compiled from our earliest re-
cords, and purporting to be a literal translation
of the writings of the old Chroniclers, miracles,
visions, &c., from the time of Gildas; richly
illustrated with notes, which throw a clear,
and in many instances a new light on what
would otherwise be difficult and obscure pas-
sages."— Thomas Miller, History of the Anglo-
Saxons, p. 88.

Works by the same Author.

BERTHA ; or, The POPE and

the EMPEROR.

THE LAST DAYS OF

O'CONNELL.

A TRUE HISTORY OF THE

HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION.

THE LIFE OF ST. ETHEL-

BERT, KING of the EAST ANGLES.

A GRANDFATHER'S

STORY-Bi 10K ; or, TALES and LEGENDS,
by a POOR SCHOLAR.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

95

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1854.

DRYDEN ON SHAKSPERE.

" Dryden may be properly considered as the father of
English criticism, as the writer who first taught us to
determine upon principles the merit of composition." —
Samuel Johnson.

No one of the early prose testimonies to the
genius of Shakspere has been more admired than
that which bears the signature of John Dryden.
I must transcribe it, accessible as it is elsewhere,
for the sake of its juxtaposition with a less-known
metrical specimen of the same nature.

" He [Shakspere] was the man who of all modern,
and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most
comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were
still present to him, and he drew them not laboriously,
but luckily : when he describes any thing, you more
than see it, you feel it too. Those who accuse him to
have wanted learning, give him the greater com-
mendation : he was naturally learned ; he needed not
the spectacles of books to read nature ; he looked in-
wards, and found her there. I cannot say he is every
where alike ; were he so, I should do him injury to
compare him with the greatest of mankind. He is
many times flat, insipid ; his comic wit degenerating
into clenches, his serious swelling into bombast. But
he is always great when some great occasion is pre-
sented to him : no man can say he ever had a fit sub-
ject for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high
above the rest of poets,

' Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.' "
John Dkyden, Of dramatick poesie, an essay.

London, 1668. 4to. p. 47.
The metrical specimen shall now take its place.
Though printed somewhat later than the other, it
has a much better chance of being accepted as a
rarity in literature.

Prologue to Iulius Caesar.
" In country beauties as we often see
Something that takes in their simplicity,
Yet while they charm they know not they are fair,
And take without their spreading of the snare —
Such artless beauty lies in Shakespear's wit;
'Twas well in spite of him whate'er he writ.
His excellencies came, and were not sought,
His words like casual atoms made a thought ;
Drew up themselves in rank and file, and writ,
He wondering how the devil it were, such wit.
Thus, like the drunken tinker in his play,
He grew a prince, and never knew which way.
He did not know what trope or figure meant,
But to persuade is to be eloquent ;
So in this Ccesar which this day you see,
Tully ne'er spoke as he makes Anthony.
Those then that tax his learning are to blame,
He knew the thing, but did not know the name ;
Great Iohnson did that ignorance adore,
And though he envied much, admir'd him more.

The faultless Iohnson equally writ well ;

Shahespear made faults — but then did more excel.

One close at guard like some old fencer lay,

T'other more open, but he shew'd more play.

In imitation Johnson's wit was shown,

Heaven made his men, hut Shakespear made his own.

Wise Iohnson's talent in observing lay,

But others' follies still made up his play.

He drew the like in each elaborate line,

But Shakespear like a master did design.

Iohnson with skill dissected human kind,

And show'd their faults, that they their faults might

find;
But then, as all anatomists must do,
He to the meanest of mankind did go,
And took from gibbets such as he would show.
Both are so great, that he must boldly dare
Who both of them does judge, and both compare ;.
If amongst poets one more bold there be,
The man that dare attempt in either way, is he."
Covent Garden drolery, London, 1672. 8° p. 9.

A short historical comment on the above ex-
tracts is all that must be expected. The rest shall
be left to the critical discernment of those persons
who may be attracted by the heading of this Note
— Dryden on Shakspere.

When Johnson wrote his preface to Shakspere,
he quoted the first of the above extracts to prove
that the plays were once admired without the aid
of comment. This was written in 1765. In 1769
Garrick placed the same extract at the head of his
collection of undeniable prose-testimonies to the
genius of Shakspere. Johnson afterwards pro-
nounced it to be "a perpetual model of enco-
miastic criticism;" and Malone quoted it as an
admirable character of Shakspere. Now, admir-
able as it is, I doubt if it can be considered as
expressive of the deliberate opinion of Dryden.
The essayist himself, in his epistolary address to
lord Buckhurst, jjives a caution on that point.
He observes, " All I have said is problematical."
In short, the essay Of dramatick poesie is in the
form of a dialogue — and a dialogue is "a chace
of wit kept up on both sides."

I proceed to the second extract. — Who wrote
the Prologue to Julius Casar ? To what master-
hand a*e we to ascribe this twofold specimen of
psychologic portraiture ? Take up the dramatic
histories of Langbaine and Baker; take up the
Theatrical register of the reverend Charles Burney ;
take up the voluminous Some account of the
reverend John Genest ; examine the mass of com-
mendatory verses in the twenty-one-volume edi-
tions of Shakspere ; examine also the commenda-
tory verses in the nine- volume edition of Ben.
Jonson. Here is the result : Langbaine calls
attention to the prologue in question as an excel-
lent prologue, and Genest repeats what had been
said one hundred and forty years before by
Langbaine. There is not the slightest hint on
its authorship.

96

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

I must therefore leave the stronghold of facts,
and advance into the field of conjecture. / ascribe
the prologue to John Dry den.

It appears by the list of plays altered from
Siiakspere, as drawn up by Steevens and Reed,
that Julius Ccesar had been altered by sir William
D'Avenant and Dryden jointly, and acted at the
Theatre-royal in Drury-lane. It would therefore
seem probable that one of those poets wrote the
prologue on that occasion. Nevertheless, it docs
not appear in the works of either poet.

The Works of sir William D'Avenant were
edited by Mr. Ilerringman, with the sanction of
lady D'Avenant, in 1673; and its exclusion so
far decides the question.

The non-appearance of it in the Poems of
Dryden, as published by Mr. Tonson in 1701, is
no disproof of the claim which I advocate. The
volume contains only twenty prologues and epi-
logues— but Dryden wrote twice that number!

I shall now produce some circumstantial evi-
dence in favour of Dryden. It is derived from an
examination of the volume entitled Covent Garden
drolery. This small volume contains twenty-two
prologues or epilogues, and more than fifiy songs
— all anonymous, but said to be written by the
rejinedest ivits of the age. We have, 1. A prologue
and epilogue to the Maiden queen of Dryden —
not those 'printed in 1668 ; 2. A prologue and
epilogue to the Parsons wedding of Thomas Killi-
grew ; 3. A prologue and epilogue to the Mar-
riage a la mode of Dryden — printed with the
play in 1673 ; 4. The prologue to Julius Caesar ;
5. A prologue to the Wit without money of Beau-
mont and Fletcher — printed in the Poems of
Dryden, 1701 ; 6. A prologue to the Pilgrim of
Fletcher — not that printed in 1700. These pieces
occupy the first twelve pages of the volume. It
cannot be requisite to give any further account of
its contents.

I waive the question of internal evidence; but
have no misgiving, on that score, as to the opinion
which may henceforth prevail on the validity of
the claim now advanced in favour of Dryden.

Sir Walter Scott observes, with reference to
the essay Of dramatick poesie, " The contract of
Ben. Jonson and Shakspere is peculiarly and
strikingly felicitous." He could have said no less
— whatever he might have said as to its author-
ship — had he seen the Prologue to Julius Casar.

Bolton Corney.

PARTY SIMILES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ."

NO. I. " FOXES AND FIREBRANDS." NO. II. "THE
TROJAN HORSE."

(Continued from Vol. viii., p. 488.)

The following works I omitted to mention in
my last Note from want of room. The first

is by that amiable Nimrod, John Bale, Bishop of
Ossory :

" Yet a Course at the Romvshe Foxe, &c. Com-
pyled by Johau Harrison. Zurich. 1543. 4to."

The four following are by William Turner,
M.D., who also wrote under an assumed name :

" The Huntyng of the Romishe Foxe, &c. By
William Wraughton. Basil. 1543."

" The Rescuynge of the Romishe Foxe, &c. Win-
chester. 1 545. 8vo."

" The Huntyng of the Romyshe Wolfe. 8vo.
1554 (?)."

"The Huntyng of the Foxe and Wolfe, be. 8vo."
_ The next is the most important work, and I
give the title in full :

" The Hunting of the Romish Fox, and the Quench-
ing of Sectarian Firebrands. Being a Specimen of
Popery and Separation. Collected by the Honourable
Sir James Ware, Knight, out of the Memorials of
Eminent Men, both in Church and State: A. B.
Cranmer, A. B. Usher, A. B. Parker, Sir Henry
Sidney, A. B. Abbot, Lord Cecil, A. B. Laud, and
others. And now published for the Public Good. By-
Robert Ware, Gent. Dublin. 1683. 12mo. pp. 248."

The work concludes with this paragraph :

" Now he that hath given us all our hearts, give
unto His Majesties subjects of these nations an heart of
uhity, to quash division and separation ; of obedience, to
quench the fury of rebellious firebrands : and a heart
of constancy to the Reformed Church of England, the
better to expel Popery, and to confound dissention.
Amen."

The last work, with reference to the first simile
of my note, which I shall mention, is that by
Zephaniah Smith, one of the leaders of the En-
glish Antinomians :

"The Doome of Heretiques; or a Discovery of
Subtle Foxes who wer tyed Tayle to Tayle, and crept
into the Church to doe Mischiefe, &c. Lond. 1648."*

* The titles of these books remind one of "a merry-
disport," which formerly took place in the hall of the
Inner Temple. " At the conclusion of the ceremony,
a huntsman came into the hall bearing a fox, a purse-
net, and a cat, both bound at the end of a staff, attended
by nine or ten couples of hounds with the blowing of
hunting-horns. Then were the fox and cat set upon
and killed by the dogs beneath the fire, to the no small
pleasure of the spectators." One of the masque-names
in tills ceremony was " Sir Morgan Mumehance, of
Much Monkery, in the county of Mad Popery."

In Anc, Compendious Bohe of Godly and Spiritual
Sonys, Edinburgh, 1621, printed from an old copy, are
the following lines, seemingly referring to some such
pageant :

" The Hunter is Christ that hunts in haist,
The Hands are Peter and Pawle,
The Paip is the Fox, Home is the Rox
That rubbis us on the gall."
See Hone's Year-Boo'i, p. 1513.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

97

With regard to the second simile, see —

" The Trojan Horse, or the Presbyterian Govern-
ment Unbowelled. London. 1646. 4to. By Henry
Parker of Lincoln's Inn."

" Comprehension and Toleration Considered, in a
Sermon on Gal. ii. 5. By Dr. South."

" ltemarks on a Bill of Comprehension. London.
1684. By Dr. Ilickes."

" The New Distemper, or The Dissenters' Usual
Pleas for Comprehension, Toleration, and the lte-
nouncing the Covenant, Considered and Discussed.
Non Quis sed Quid. London. 16SO. 12mo. Second
Edition. Pp. 184. (With a figurative frontispiece,
representing the ' Ecclesia Anglicar.a.') "

The first edition was published in 1675. Thomas
Tomkins, Fellow of All Souls' College, was the
author; but the two editions are anonymous.

As to the Service Book, see the curious work
of George Lightbodie :

" Against the Apple of the Left Eye of Antichrist;
or The Masse-Booke of Lurking Darknesse ( The
Liturgy), making Way for the Apple of the Right
Eye of Antichrist, the Compleate Masse-Booke of
Palpable Darknesse. London. 1638. 8vo."

Baylie's Parallel (before referred to) was a
popular work ; it was first printed London, 1641,
in 4to. ; and reprinted 1641, 1042, 1646, 1661.

As to "High Church" and " Low Church," see
an article in the JSdinbwgh Review for last Oc-
tober, on " Church Parties," and the following
works :

" Tiie True Character of a Churchman, showing the
False Pretences to that Name. By Dr. West." (No
date. 1702?) Answered by Sacheverell in "The
Character of a Low Churchman. 4to. 1702." "Low
Churchmen vindicated from the Charge of being no

The symbolism of the brute creation is copiously
employed in Holy Scripture and in ancient writings, and
furnishes a magazine of arms in all disputes and party
controversies. Thus, the strange sculptures on mise-
reres, &c. are ascribed to contests between the secular
and regular clergy : and thus Dryden, in his polemical
poem of The Hind and the Panther, made these two
animals symbolise respectively the Church of Rome
and the Church of England, while the Independents,
Calvinists, Quakers, Anabaptists, and other sects are
characterised as wolves, bears, boars, foxes — all that is
odious and horrible in the brute creation.

" A Jesuit has collected An Alphabetical Catalogue of
the Names of Beasts by which the Fathers characterised
the Heretics. It may be found in Erotemata de malis
ac bonis Libris, p. 93., 4to., 1653, of Father Raynaud.
This list of brutes and insects, among which are a
variety of serpents, is accompanied by the names of the
heretics designated." (See the chapter in DTsraeli's
Curios. Lit. on " Literary Controversy," where many
other instances of this kind of complimentary epithets
are given, especially from the writings of Luther,
Calvin, and Beza.)

Churchmen. London. 170G. 8vo. By John Iland-
cock, D.D., Rector of St. Margaret's, Lothlmry."

" Inquiry into the Duty of a Low Churchman.
London. 1711. 8vo." (By James Peirce, a Noncon-
formist divine, largely quoted in The Scourge; where
he is spoken of as " A gentleman of figure, of the most
apostolical moderation, of the most Christian temper,
and is esteemed as the Evangelical Doctor of the Pres-
byterians in this kingdom," &c. — P. 342.)

He also wrote :

"The Loyalty, Integrity, and Ingenuity of High
Churchmen and Dissenters, and their respective
Writers, Compared. London. 1719. 8vo."

See also the following periodical, which Lowndes
thus describes :

" The Independent Whig. From Jan. 20, 1719-20,
to Jan. 4, 1721. 53 Numbers. London. Written by-
Gordon and Trenchard in order to oppose the High
Church Party; 1732-5, 12mo., 2 vols. ; 1753, 12mo.,
4 vols."

Will some correspondent kindly furnish me
with the date, author's name, &c., of the pam-
phlet entitled Merciful Judgments of High Church
Triumphant on Offending Clergymen and others in
the Reign of Charles I. ? *

I omitted Wordsworth's lines in my first note :

" High and Lou;
Watchwords of party, on all tongues are rife ;

As if a Church, tliough sprung from heaven, must
owe
To opposites and fierce extremes her life ; — •

Not to the golden mean and quiet flow
Of truths, that soften hatred, temper strife."

Wordsworth, and most Anglican writers down
to Dr. Hook, are ever extolling the Golden Mean
and the moderation of the Church of England. A
fine old writer of the same Church (Dr. Joseph
Beaumont) seems to think that this love of the
Mean can be carried too far :

" And witty too in self-delusion, we
Against highstreined piety can plead,
Gravely pretending that extremity
Is Vice's clime ; that by the Catholick creed
Of all the world it is acknowledged that
The temperate mean is always Virtue's seat. '
Hence comes the race of mongrel goodness; hence
Faint tepidness usurpeth fervour's name ;
Hence will the earth-born meteor needs commence,
In his gay glaring robes, sydereal flame ;
Hence foolish man, if moderately evil,
Dreams he's a saint because he's not a devil."
Psyche, cant. xxi. 4, 5.

T* We are enabled to give the remainder of the title
and the date: — «• Together with the Lord Falkland's
Speech in Parliament, 1640, relating to that subject :
London, printed for Ben. Bragg, at the Black Raven
in Paternoster Row. 1710." — Ed.]

98

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

Cf. Bishop Taylor's Life of Christ, part i.
sect. v. 9. Jarltzberg.

Nov. 28, 1853.

P.S. — Not having the fear of Sir Roger Twisden
or Mr. Thomas Collis before my eyes, I ad-
visedly made what the latter gentleman is pleased
to term a "loose statement" (Vol. viii., p. 631.),
when I spoke of the Church of England separating
from Rome. As to the Romanists " conforming "
for the first twelve (or as some have it nineteen)
years of Elizabeth's reign, the less said about that
the better for both parties, and especially for the
dominant party.*

Mr. Collis's dogmatic assertions, that the Ro-
man Catholics " conformed " for the twelve years,
and that Popes Paul IV. and Pius IV. offered to
confirm the Book of Common Prayer if ^Elizabeth
would acknowledge the papal supremacy, are evi-
dently borrowed, word for word, from Dr. Words-
worth'sf Theophilus Anglicanus, cap. vii. p. 219. A
careful examination of the evidence adduced in
support of the latter assertion, shows it to be of
the most flimsy description, and refers it to its

* See the authorities given by Mr. Palmer, Church
of Christ, 3rd ed., Lond. 1842, pp. 347 — 349. ; and
Mr. Percival On the Roman Schism : see also Tierney's
Dodd, vols. ii. and iii.

A full and impartial history of the " conformity " of
Roman Catholics and Puritans during the penal laws
is much wanting, especially of the former during the
first twelve years of Elizabeth. With the Editor's per-
mission I shall probably send in a few notes on the
latter subject, with a list of the works for and against
outward conformity, which was published during that
period. (See Bp. Earle's character of " A Church
Papist," Microcosmography, Bliss's edition, p. 29.)

f It is painful to see party spirit lead aside so
learned and estimable a man as Dr. Wordsworth, and
induce him to convert a ridiculous report into a grave
and indisputable matter of fact. The more we know,
the greater is our reverence for accuracy, truthfulness,
and candour ; and the older we grow in years and
wisdom, the more we estimate that glorious motto —
Audi alteram partem.

What are our ordinary histories of the Reformation
from Burnet to Cobbett but so many caricatures?
Would that there were more Maitlands in the English
Church, and more Pascals and Pugins in the Roman !

Let me take this occasion to recommend to the
particular attention of all candid inquirers a little
brochure, by the noble-minded writer last named, en-
titled An Earnest Address on the Establishment of the
Hierarchy, by A. Welby Pugin : Lond. Dolman, 1851.
And let me here inquire whether this lamented writer
completed his New View of an Old Sicbject ; or, the
English Schism impartially Considered, which he adver-
tised as in preparation ?

I should mention, perhaps, that Sir Roger Twisden's
book was reprinted in 1847 : I have, however, met
with the original edition only.

true basis, viz. hearsay : the reasoning and infer-
ences which prop the evidence are equally flimsy.

Fuller, speaking of this report, says that it
originated with " some who love to feign what
they cannot find, that they may never appear to
be at a loss." (Ch. Hist., b. ix. 69.)

As the question at issue is one of great his-
torical importance, I am prepared, if called on, to
give a summary of the case in all its bearings ;
for the present I content myself with giving the
following references :

" Sir Roger Twisden's Historical Vindication of the
Church of England in point of Schism, as it stands
separated from the Roman. Lond. 1675." — P. 175.

" Bp. Andrewes' Tortura Torti. Lond. 1609." —
P. 142.

" Parallel Torti et Tortoris."— P. 241.

" Abp. Bramhall ag. Bp. Chal." — Ch. ii. (vol. ii.
p. 85., Oxf.ed.)

" Sir E. Cook's Speech and Charge at Norwich
Assizes. 1607."

" Babington upon Numbers. Lond. 1615." — Ch. vii.
§ 2. p. 35.

" Servi Fidelis subdito infideli Responsis, apud
Johannem Dayum. Lond. 1573." (In reply to
Saunders' De Visibili Monarchia. )

"Camd. Annal. an. 1560. Lond. 1639."— Pt. i.
pp. 47. 49.

(See also Heylin, 303.; Burnet, ii. 387.;
Strype, Annal. ch. xix. ; Tierney's Dodd, ii. 147.)

The letter which the pontiff did address to
Elizabeth is given in Fuller, ix. 68., and Dodd,
ii. app. xlvii. p. cccxxi.

N. B.— In the P. S. to my last note, " N. & Q.,"
Vol. viii., p. 156., was a misprint for Vol. v.

DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY. SLAVERY IN

ENGLAND.

Having come across an old Daily Post of Thurs-
day, August 4, 1720, I send you the following
cuttings from it, which perhaps you may think
worth insertion :

" Hague, August 9.

"It was on the 5th that the first of our East-India
ships appear'd off of the Texel, four of the ships came
to an anchor that evening, nine others kept out at sea
till day-light, and came up with the flood the next
morning, and four more came in this afternoon ; but
as they belong to the Chambers of Zealand, and other
towns, its thought they will stand away for the Maese.
This fleet is very rich, and including the single ship
which arriv'd about a fortnight since, and one still ex-
pected, are valued at near seven millions of guilders
prime cost in the Indies, not reckoning the freight or
value at the sale, which may be suppos'd to make
treble that sum."

" We have an account from Flanders, that two ships
more are come in to Ostend for the new East India

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

99

Company there ; it is said, these ships touch no where
after they quit the coast of Malabar till they come
upon the coast of Guinea, where they put in for fresh
water ; and as for those which come from China, they
water on the bank of the Island of Ceylon, and again
on the east shore of Madagascar ; but that none of
them touch either at the Cape de bon Esperance, or
at St. Helena, not caring to venture falling into the
hands of any of the Dutch or other nations trading to
the east. These ships they say are exceedingly rich,
and the captains confirm the account of the treaty
which one of their former captains made with the
Great Mogul, for the settling a factory on his do-
minions, and that with very advantageous conditions ;
what the particulars may be we yet know not."

" Went away the 22d of July last, from the house
of William Webb in Limehouse Hole, a negro man,
about twenty years old, call'd Dick, yellow complec-
tion, wool hair, about five foot six inches high, having
on his right breast the word Hake burnt. Whoever
brings him to the said Mr. Webb's shall have half a
guinea reward, and reasonable charges."

James Graves.

Kilkenny.

ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS
OF MALTA.

(Continued from Vol. viii., p. 558.)

I am now enabled to forward, according to my
promise, literal translations, so far as they could
be made, of three more letters, which were
written in the Latin language, and addressed by
Henry VIII. to the Grand Masters of Malta. The
first two were directed to Philip de Villiers LTsle
Adam, and the last to his successor Pierino Du-
pont, an Italian knight, who, from his very ad-
vanced age, and consequent infirmity, was little
disposed to accept of the high dignity which his
brethren of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem
had unanimously conferred upon him. The life
of Dupont was spared "long enough," not only for
him to take an active part in the expedition which
Charles V. sent against Tunis at his suggestion,
to reinstate Muley Hassan on the throne of that
kingdom, but also to see his knights return to the
convent covered with glory, and galleys laden
with plunder.

No. IV. Fol.6th.

Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and
France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of
Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ,
Dominus F. de Villiers LTsle Adam, our most
dear friend — Greeting :

For a long period of time, Master Peter Vanes, of
Luca, has been serving as private secretary ; and
as we have always found his service loving and
faithful, we not only love him from our heart,
and hold him dear, but we are also extremely de-

sirous of his interest and advancement. As he
has declared to us that his most ardent wish is by
our influence and favour to be in some way in-
vested with honour in his own country, we have
most willingly promised to do for him in this mat-
ter whatever lay in our power ; and we trust that
from the good offices which your most worthy
Reverence has always received from us, this our
desire with regard to promoting the aforesaid
Master Peter will be furthered, and the more
readily on this account, because what we beg for
may be granted without injury to any one. Since,
then, a certain Dominus Livius, concerning whom
your Reverend Lordship will be more fully in-
formed by our same Secretary, is in possession of
a Priory in the Collegiate Church of SS. John
and Riparata in the city of Luca, we most earnestly
desire that the said Livius, through your Reverend
Lordship's intercession, may resign the said Priory
and Collegiate Church to our said Latin Secretary,
on this condition, however, that your Reverend
Lordship, as a special favour to us, will provide
the said Dominus Livius with a Commandery of
equal or of greater value. AVe therefore most
earnestly entreat that you will have a care of this
matter, so that we may obtain the object of our
wishes ; and we shall be greatly indebted to your
Reverend Lordship, to whom, when occasion offers,
we will make a return for the twofold favour, in a
matter of like or of greater moment.
May all happiness attend you.
From our palace of Greenwich,
13th day of January, 1526,

Your good friend,

Henry Rex.

No. V. Fol. 9th.
Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and
France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of
Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ,
Dominus F. de Villiers LTsle Adam, our most
dear friend — Greeting :

Although, by many proofs, we have often before
been convinced that your Reverend Lordship,
and your venerable Brethren, after the loss of
Rhodes, have had nothing more to heart than that
by your actions you might deserve most highly of
the Christian republic, and that you might some-
times give proof of this by your deeds, that you
have zealously sought for some convenient spot
where you might at length fix your abode ; never-
theless, what we have lately learnt from the let-
ters of your Reverend Lordship, and from the
conversation and prudent discourse of your vener-
able Brother De Dentirville ha3 caused us the
greatest joy ; and although, with regard to the
recovery of Rhodes, complete success has not an-
swered your intentions, nevertheless we think that
this your Order of Jerusalem has always wished
to seek after whatever it has judged might in any

100

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

manner tend to the propagation of the Catholic
Faith and the tranquillity of the Christian Re-
public. But that his Imperial Majesty has granted
to your Order the island of Malta, Gozo, and
Tripoli, we cannot but rejoice ; places which, as we
hear, are most strongly fortified by nature, and
most excellently adapted for repelling the attacks
of the Infidels, should have now come into your
hands, where your Order can assemble in all
safety, recover its strength, and settle and con-
firm its position.* And we wish to convince you

* II. M. Henry VIII. was certainly labouring under
an error, when supposing that the islands of Malta and
Gozo " were strongly fortified by nature, and excel-
lently adapted for repelling the attacks of the infidels ;"
as in truth nature had done nothing for their defence,
unless it be in furnishing an abundance of soft stone
■with its yellow tinge, of which all their fortifications
are built.

When L'lslc Adam landed at Malta in October,
1530, it was with the rank of a monarch ; and when,
in company witli the authorities of the island, "he
appeared before its capital, and swore to protect its
inhabitants, the gates of the old city were opened, and
lie was admitted with the knights ; the Maltese de-
claring to them their fealty, without prejudice to the
interests of Charles V., to whom they had heretofore
been subject." Never, since the establishment of the
Order, had the affairs of the Hospitallers appeared
more desperate than at this period. For the loss of
Rhodes, so famed in its history, so prized for its sin-
gular fertility, and rich and varied fruits ; an island
which, as De Lamartine so beautifully expressed it,
appeared to rise " like a bouquet of verdure out of the
bosom of the sOa," with its groves of orange trees, its
sycamores and palms ; what had L'Isle Adam received
in return, but an arid African rock, without palaces or
dwellings, without fortifications or inland streams, and
which, were it not for its harbours, would have been
as difficult to hold as it would have been unworthy of
his acceptance. (Vertot.)

A person who has never been at Malta can, by read-
ing its history, hardly picture to himself the change
which the island underwent for the better, under the
long and happy rule of the Order of St. John. Look
whither one will, at this day, he sees some of the most
perfect fortresses in the world, — fortifications which it
took millions of money to erect ; and two hundred and
fifty years of continual toil and labour, before the work
on them was finished. As a ship of war now enters
the great harbour, she passes immediately under the
splendid castles of St. Elmo, Ricasoli, and St. Angelo.
Going to her anchorage, she "comes to" under some
one of the extensive fortifications of the Borgo, La
Sangle, Burmola, Cotonera, and La Valetta. In all
directions, and at all times, she is entirely commanded
by a line of walls which are bristling with cannon
above her. Should the more humble merchantman be
entering the small port of Marsamtiscetto, to perform
her quarantine, she also is sailing under St. Elmo and
Florianna on the one side, and forts Tigne and Manoel
on the other ; from the cannon of which there is no

that fresh increase is daily made to the affection
with which we have always cherished this Order
of Jerusalem, inasmuch as we perceive that your
actions have been directed to a good and upright
end, both because these undertakings of your
Reverend Lordship, and of your venerable Bre-
thren, are approved by us as highly beneficial and
profitable ; and because we trust that your favour
and protection will ever be ready to assist our
nation, if there be any need ; nor shall we on our
part be ever wanting in any friendly office which
we can perform towards preserving and protect-
ing your Order, as your Reverend Lordship will
gather more at length of our well affected mind
towards you from Dominus Dentirville, the bearer
of these presents.

May all happiness attend you.

From our Palace at Hampton Court,
The 22nd day of November, 1530.
Your good friend,

Henry Rex.
No. VI.

Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and
France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of
Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ,.
Don Pierino de Ponte, Grand Master of Jeru-
salem.

Our most dear friend — Greeting :
We had conceived so great a hope and opinion
of the probity, integrity, and prudence of your
predecessor, that, from his care and vigilance, we
securely trusted that the business and affairs of
this your Order, which hitherto has always wont
to be of no slight assistance to our most Holy
Faith, and to the Christian name, would as far
as was needful have been amended and settled
most quietly and effectually with God and his
Holy Religion. From the love then and affection;
which we have hitherto shown in no ordinary
manner to your Order, for the sake of the pro-
pagation of the Christian Faith, we were not a
little grieved at the death of your predecessor,
because we very much feared that serious loss
would in consequence be entailed on that Religion.
But since, both from your letters and from the
discourse of others, we now hear that your vener-
able Brethren agreed by their unanimous voice
and consent to choose your Reverence as the

escape. But besides these numerous fortifications, the
whole coast of the island is protected by forts and bat-
teries, towers and redoubts. We name those of the
Red Tower, the Melleha, St. Paul, St. Julien, Marsa
Sirocco, and St. Thomas ; only to show how thoroughly
the knights had guarded their convent, and how totally
different the protection of the Maltese was under their
rule, from what it was when they first landed ; and
found them with their inconsiderable fort, with one
cannon and two falconets, which, as Boisgelin has men-
tioned, was their only defence.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

101

person to whom the care and government of so
weighty an office should be intrusted, considering
this dignity to be especially worthy of you and
your spirit of Religion, we cannot but sincerely
be glad ; and rejoice especially if, by your eminent
virtues, it shall be effected that only such matters
6hall be undertaken, and presided over by the
strength and counsels of the Order of Jerusalem,
as are most in accordance with the True Religion
of Christ our Redeemer, and best adapted to the
propagation of his doctrine and Faith. And if
you shall seriously apply your mind to this, as
you are especially bound to, we shall by no means
repent of the favours which we have bestowed
neither seldom nor secretly upon this your Order,
nay rather this object shall be attained that you
shall have no reason to think that you have been
foiled in that your confidence, and in our protec-
tion and the guardianship which we extend over
your concerns through reverence for the Almighty
God. And we shall not find that this guardian-
ship and protection of your Order, assumed by us,
has been borne for so long a period by us without
any fruit.

Those things which the Reverend Prior of our
Kingdom, and the person who brought your Re-
verend Lordship's letter to us, have listened to
with attention and kindness, and returned an
answer to, as we doubt not will ba intimated by
them to your Reverend Lordship.

May all happiness attend you.

From our Palace at Westminster,
The 17th day of November, 1534.
Henry Rex.

From the date and superscription of the above
truly Catholic letter, it will be seen that it was
written about the period of the Reformation in
England, and addressed to the Grand Master of an
Order, which for four centuries had been at all
times engaged in Paynim war ; and won for itself
among the Catholic powers of Europe, by its many
noble and daring achievements, the style and title
of being the "bulwark of the Christian faith."
Bound as the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
were in all ages to pay a perfect obedience to the
Roman Pontiffs, it is not surprising that this should
be the last letter which we have found filed away
in the archives of their Order, bearing the auto-
graph of Henry VIII. William Winthrop.

La Valet ta, Malta.

ENAREANS.

When Psammeticus turned back the conquering
Scythians from their contemplated invasion of
Egypt, some stragglers of the rear-guard plun-
dered the temple of Venus Urania at Ascalon.
The goddess punished this sacrilege by inflicting

on the Scythian nation the " female disease."
Herodotus, from whom we learn this, says :

" The Scythians themselves confess that their coun-
trymen suffer this malady in consequence of the above
crime ; their condition also may be seen by those who
visit Scythia, where they are called Enareae." — Beloe's
Translation, vol. i. p. 112., ed. 8vo.

And again, vol. ii. p. 261., Hippocrates says :

" There are likewise among the Scythians, persons
who come into the world as eunuchs, and do all the
work of women; they are called- Enara?ans, or wo-
manish," &c.

It would occupy too much space to detail here all
the speculations to which this passage has given
rise ; sufficient for us be the fact, that in Scythia
there were men who dressed as, and associated
with, the women ; that they were considered as
victims of an offended female deity ; and yet,
strange contradiction ! they were revered as
prophets or diviners, and even acquired wealth by
their predictions, &c. (See Universal History,
xx. p. 15., ed. 8vo.)

The curse still hangs over the descendants of
the Scythians. Reineggo found the " female dis-
ease" among the Nogay Tatars, who call persons
so afflicted " Choss." In 1797-8, Count Potocki
saw one of them. The Turks apply the same
term to men wanting a beard. (See Klaproth's
Georgia and Caucasus, p. 160., ed. 4to.) From
the Turkish use of the word " choss," we may infer
that Enareans existed in the cradle of their race,
and that the meaning only had suffered a slight
modification on their descent from the Altai. De
Pauw, in his HecTieixJies sur les Americains, without
quoting any authority, says there are men in Mo-
gulistan, who dress as women, but are obliged to
wear a man's turban.

It must be interesting to the ethnologist to
find this curse extending into the New World,
and actually now existing amongst Dr. Latham's
American Mongolida. It would be doubly in-
teresting could we trace its course from ancient
Scythia to the Atlantic coast. In this attempt,
however, we have not been successful, a few
isolated facts only presenting themselves as pro-
bably descending from the same source. The re-
lations of travellers in Eastern Asia offer nothing
of the sort among the Tungusi, Yakuti, &c. The
two Mahometans (a.d. 833, thereabout), speaking
of Chinese depravity, assert that it is somehow
connected with the worship of their idols, &c.
(Harris' Collection, p. 443., ed. fol.) Bauer men-
tions boys dressed as females, and performing all
the domestic duties in common with the women,
among the Kodiaks ; and crossing to the American
coast, found the same practised by the inhabitants
of Oonalashka (ed. 4to., pp. 160. 176.). More
accurate observation might probably detect its
existence amongst intermediate tribes, but want

102

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

of information obliges us here to jump at once
over the whole range of the Rocky Mountains,
and then we find Enareanism (if I may so term it)
extending from Canada to Florida inclusive, and
thence at intervals to the Straits of Magellan.

Most of the earlier visitors to America have
noticed the numerous hermaphrodites everywhere
met with. De Pauw (who, I believe, never was
in America) devotes a whole chapter to the sub-
ject in his Recherches sur les Americains, in which
he talks a great deal of nonsense. It assisted
his hypothesis, that everything American, in the
animal and vegetable kingdoms, was inferior to
their synonymes in the Old World.

The calm and more philosophical observation of
subsequent travellers, however, soon discovered
that the so-called hermaphrodites were men in
female attire, associating with the women, and
partaking of all their labours and occupations.
Pere Hennepin had already mentioned the cir-
cumstance (Amstel. ed. in 12mo., p. 219.), but
he seems to have had no idea of the practice being
in any way connected with religion. Charlevoix
went a step farther, for speaking of those he met
with among the Illinois, he says :

" On a pretendu que cet usage venait de je ne sais
quel principe de la religion, mais cette religion avait,
comme bien d'autres, prit sa naissance dans la corruption
du cceur," &c.

Here he stopped, not caring to inform himself as
to the real origin of the usage. Lafitau says these
so-called hermaphrodites were numerous in Loui-
siana, Florida, Yucatan, and amongst the Sioux,
Illinois, &c. ; and goes on, —

" II y a de jeunes gens qui prennent l'habit de femme
qu'ils gardent toute leur vie, et qui se croyent ho-
norez de s'abaisser a toutes leurs occupations ; ils ne
se marient jamais, ils assistent a tous les exercises ou
la religion semble avoir part, et cette profession de vie
extraordinaire les fait passer pour des gens d'un ordre
superieur et au-dessus du commun des honimes," &c.

Are not these, he asks, the same people as those
Asiatic worshippers of Cybele ? or those who, ac-
cording to Julius Firmicus, consecrated them-
selves, the one to the Phrygian goddess, the others
to Venus Urania? — priests who dressed as women,
&c. (See Moeurs des Sauvages americains^ vol. i.
p. 52., ed. 4to., Paris, 1724.) He farther tells us
that Vasco Nuiiez de Balbao met many of them,
and in the fury of his religious zeal had them torn
to pieces by dogs. Was this in Darien ? I be-
lieve neither Heckewelder, Adair, Colden, nor
J. Dunn Hunter, mention this subject, though
they must all have been aware of the existence of
Enareans in some one or more of the tribes with
which they were acquainted ; and I do not re-
member having ever met with mention of them
among the Indian nations of New England, and
Tanner testifies to their existence amongst the

Chepewa and Ottawa nations, by whom they are
called A-go-kwa. Catlin met with them among
the Sioux, and gives a sketch of a dance in honour
of the I-coo-coo, as they call them. Southey
speaks of them among the Guayacuru under the
name of " Cudinas," and so does Von Martius.
Captain Fitzroy, quoting the Jesuit Falkner, says
the Patagonian wizards (query priests) are dressed
in female attire : they are chosen for the office
when young, preference being given to boys
evincing a feminine disposition.

Lantau's conjecture as to the connexion between
these American Enareans and the worshippers of
Venus Urania, seems to receive some confirmation
from our next evidence, viz. in Major Long's
Expedition to St. Peter s River, some of these
people were met with, and inquiry being made
concerning them, it was ascertained that —

" The Indians believe the moon is the residence of a
hostile female deity, and should she appear to them in
their dreams, it is an injunction to become Cinacdi,
and they immediately assume feminine attire." — Vol. i.
p. 216.

Farther it is stated, that two of these people whom
they found among the Sauks, though generally
held in contempt, were pitied by many —
" As labouring under an unfortunate destiny that
they cannot avoid, being supposed to be impelled to
this course by a vision from the female spirit that
resides in the moon," &c. — Vol. i. p. 227.

Venus Urania is placed among the Scythian
deities by Herodotus, under the name " Artim-
pasa." We are, for obvious reasons, at liberty to
conjecture that the adoption of her worship, and
the development of " the female disease," may
have been contemporaneous, or nearly so. It
were needless entering on a long story to show the
connexion between Venus and the moon, which
was styled Urania, Juno, Jana, Diana, Venus, &c.
Should it be conceded that the American Mon-
golidce brought with them this curse of Scythia,
the date of their emigration will be approximated,
since it must have taken place subsequently to
the affair of Ascalon, or between 400 or 500
years b.c.

The adoption of female attire by the priesthood,
however, was not confined to the worshippers of
Venus Urania ; it was widely spread throughout
Heathendom ; so widely that, as we learn from
Tacitus, the priests of the Naharvali (in modern
Denmark) officiated in the dress of women. Like
many other heathenish customs and costumes,
traces of this have descended to our own times ;
such, for example, may have been the exchange
of dresses on New Year's Eve, &c. : see Drake's
Shakspeare and his Times, vol. i. p. 124., ed. 4to.
And what else is the effeminate costume of the
clergy in many parts of Europe, the girded
waist, and the petticoat-like cassock, but a re-

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

103

lique of the ancient priestly predilection for female
attire ? A. C. M.

iHwar $atts>.

Russia and Turkey. — The following paragraph
from an old newspaper reads with a strange signi-
ficance at the present time :

" The last advices from Leghorn describe the genius
of discord still prevailing in the unfortunate city of
Constantinople, the people clamouring against their
rulers, and the janissaries ripe for insurrection, in con-
sequence of the backwardness of the Porte to commence
hostilities with Russia." — English Chronicle, or Uni-
versal Evening Post, February 6th to 8 th, 1783.

J. Locke.

Social Effects of the severe Weather, Jan. 3
and 4, 1854. — The daily and local newspapers
have detailed many public incidents of the severe
weather of the commencement of 1854: such as
snow ten yards deep ; roads blocked up ; mails
delayed ; the streets of the metropolis, for a time,
impassible ; omnibuses with four horses ; Hansom
cabs driven tandem, &c. The effects of the storms
of snow, socially, were not the least curious. In
the neighbourhood of Manchester seventy persons
were expected at an evening party, one only
arrived. At another house one hundred guests
were expected, nine only arrived. Many other
readers of your valuable paper have, no doubt,
made similar notes, and will probably forward
them. Robert Raweinson.

Star of .Bethlehem. — Lord Nugent, in his Lands,
Classical and Sacred, vol. ii. p. 18., says :

" The spot shown as the place of the Nativity, and
that of the manger, both of which are in a crypt or
subterraneous chapel under the church of St. Katherine,
are in the hands of the Roman Catliolicks. The former
is marked by this simple inscription on a silver star
set in the pavement :

* Hie de Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est.'"

The Emperor of the French, as representative
of the Latin Church, first raised the question of
the sacred places, now likely to involve the Pent-
archy of Europe in a quasi civil war, by attempt-
ing, through the authority of the Sultan of Turkey,
to restore the above inscription, which had been
defaced, as is supposed, by the Greek Christians ;
and thereby encountering the opposition of the
Emperor of the Russias, who claims to represent
the Eastern Church. T. J. Buckton.

Birmingham.

Origin of the Word " Cant." — From the Mer-
curius Publicus of Feb. 28, 1661, Edinburgh :

" Mr. Alexander Cant, son to Mr. Andrew Cant
(who in his discourse De Excommunicato trucidando
maintained that all refusers of the Covenant ought to

be excommunicated, and that all so excommunicated
might lawfully be killed), was lately deposed by the
Synod for divers seditious and impudent passages in
his sermons at several places, as at the pulpit of
Banchry ; ' That whoever would own or make use of
a service-book, king, nobleman, or minister, the curse
of God should be upon him.'

" In his Grace after Meat, he praid for those phana-
ticques and seditious ministers (who are now secured)
in these words, ' The Lord pity and deliver the precious
prisoners who are now suffering for the truth, and close
up the mouths of the Edomites, who are now rejoicing ; '
with several other articles too long to recite."

From these two Cants (Andrew and Alexander)
all seditious praying and preaching in Scotland is
called " Canting." J. B.

Epigram on Four Lawyers. — It used to be
said that four lawyers were wont to go down from
Lincoln's Inn and the Temple in one hackney
coach for one shilling. The following epigram
records the economical practice :

" Causidici curru felices quatuor uno
Quoque die repetunt limina nota 'fori.'
Quanta sodalitium praestabit eommoda ! cui non
Contigerint socii cogitur ire pedes."

See Poemata Anglorum Latina, p. 446. Lemma,
" Defendit numerus." — Juv. J. W. Farbeb.

muzritsi.

CONTRIBUTORS TO " KNIGHT S QUARTERLY
MAGAZINE."

I shall feel exceedingly obliged if you or any of
your correspondents will inform me who were the
writers in Knighfs Quarterly Magazine, bearing
the following fictitious signatures: — 1. Marma-
duke Villars ; 2. Davenant Cecil ; 3. Tristram
Merton ; 4. Irvine Montagu ; 5. Gerard Mont-
gomery ; 6. Henry Baldwin ; 7. Joseph Haller ;
8. Peter Ellis; 9. Paterson Aymer ; 10. Eustace
Heron; 11. Edward Haselfoot ; 12. William
Payne; 13. Archibald Frazer ; 14. Hamilton
Murray; 15. Charles Pendragon; 16. Lewis
Willoughby ; 17. John Tell ; 18. Edmund Bruce ;
19. Reginald Holyoake ; 20. Richard Mills; 21.
Oliver Medley ; 22. Peregrine Courtenay ; 23.
Vyvyan Joyeuse ; 24. Martin Lovell ; 25. Martin
Danvers Heaviside.

I fear I have given you so long a list as to deter
you from replying to my inquiry ; but if you can-
not spare time or space to answer me fully, I have
numbered the writers in such a way as that you
may be induced to give the numbers without the
names, except you think that many of your readers
would be glad to have the information given to
them which I ask of you.

Tristram Merton is T. B. Macaulay, who wrote
several sketches and five ballads in the Magazine ;

JNrOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

indeed, it was in it that his fine English ballads
first appeared.

Peregrine Conrtenay was the late Winthrop
Mackworth Praed, who was, I believe, its editor.

Henry Nelson Coleridge and John Moultire
were also contributors, but under what signatures
they wrote I cannot tell.

Knight's Quarterly Magazine never extended
beyond three volumes, and it is now a rather
scarce book. Any light you can throw upon this
subject will have an interest for most people, and
will be duly appreciated by E. H.

Leeds.

THE STATIONERS COMPANY AND ALMANACK.

Having recently hid occasion to consult the
Lansdown MSS., No. 905., a volume containing
documents formerly belonging to Mr. Umfreville,
I observed the following :

■ Ordinances, constitutions, rules, and articles made
by the Court of Star Chamber relating to Printers and
Printing, Jan. 23, anno 28 Eliz."

Appended to these ordinances, &c. is a statement
from which I have made the following extracts :
" Viii° Januarii, 1583.

" Bookes yeilded into the hands and disposition of
the Master, Wardens, and Assistants of the Mysterie
of the Stationers of London for the releife of y° poore
of ye saide companie according to the discretion of the
Master, Wardens, and Assistants, or the more parte of
them.

" Mr. Barker, her Ma"=3 printer, hath yeilded unto
the saide disposition and purpose these bookes follow-
ing : viz.

" The first and second volume of Ilomelies.

" The whole statutes at large, wth ye parable as they
are now extant.

" The Paraphrasis of Erasmus upon y° Epistles and
Gospells appoynted to be readd in Churches.

" Articles of Religion agreed upon 1562 for ye
Ministers.

" The Several Injunctions and Articles to be en-
quired of through ye whole Real me.

" The Profitt and Benefite of the two most vendible
volumes of the New Testament in English, commonlie
called Mr. Cheekes' translation : that is, in the volume
called Octavo, wth Annotacions as they be now : and
in the volume called Decimo Sexto of the same trans-
lation wthout notes, in the Brevier English letter only.

" Provided that Mr. Barker himselfe print the sayde
Testaments at. the lowest value by the direction of the
Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers for
the tyme being. Provided alwaye that Mr. Barker
do reteyn some small number of these for diverse ser-
vices in her Ma"08 Courtes or ... . [MS. illegible]
and lastlye that nothing that he yeildeth unto by
meanes aforesaide be preiudiciail to her I\Iatics higlie
prerogative, or to any that shall succeed in the office
of her Matle" printer."

The other printers named are, Mr. Totell, Mr.
Watkins, Mr. John Daye, Mr. Ncwberye, and
Ilenrie Denham.

I wish to raise a Query upon the following :

" Mr. Watkins, now Wardein, hath yeilded to the
disposeion and purpose aforesaide this that followeth :
viz.

" The Broad Almanack ; that is to say, the same to
be printed on one syde of a shecte, to be sett on walls
as usuallie it hath ben?."

Query 1. Is this Broad Almanack the original
of the present Stationers' Almanack ?

2. When was this Broad Almanack first issued ?

3. When were sheet almanacks, printed on one
side of a sheet, first published ? B. H. C.

P. S. — The books enumerated in this MS.,
under the other printers' names, are some of them
very curious, and others almost unknown at the
present time.

Elinor (Queried.

John Bunyan. — The following advertisement is
copied from the Merciwius Rejbrmatus of June 1 1 ,
1690, vol. ii. No. 27. :

" Mr. John Bunyan, Author of the Pile/rim's Pro-
gress, and many other excellent Books, that have found
great Acceptance, hath left behind him Ten Manu-
scripts prepared by himself for the Press before his
Death : His Widow is desired to print them (with
some other of his Works, which have been already
printed, but are at present not to be had), which will
make together a Book of 10s. in sheets, in Fol. All
persons who desire so great and good a Work should
be performed with speed, are desired to send in 5s. for
their first Payment to Dorman Newman, at the King's
Arms in the Poultrey, London : Who is empower'd to
give Receipts for the same."

Can any of your readers say whether such a
publication as that which is here proposed ever
took place : that is, a publication of " ten manu-
scripts," of which none had been previously
printed ? S. K. Maitland.

Gloucester.

Tragedy by Mary Leapor. — In the second
volume of Poems by Mary Leapor, 8vo., 1751,
there is an unfinished tragedy, begun by the
authoress a short time before her death. Can
you give me the name of this drama (if it has
any), and names of the dramatis persona: ? A. Z.

Repairing old Pinnts, — N. J. A. will feel
thankful to any one who will give him directions
for the cleaning and repairing of old prints, or
refer him to any book where he can obtain such
information. He wishes especially to learn how
to detach them from old and worn-out mountings.

N. J. A.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

105

Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter. — I am
informed that there is, in the diocese of Exeter, a
dignitary who is called the Arch-priest, and that
he has the privilege of wearing lawn sleeves (that
is of course, properly, of wearing a lawn alb), and
also precedence in all cases next after the Bishop.

Can any of your Devonian readers give addi-
tional particulars of his office or his duties ? They
would be useful and interesting. W. Fkaser.

Tor-Mohun.

Medal in honour of the Chevalier de St. George.
— It appears that Prince James (styled the Che-
valier de St. George) served in several campaigns
in the Low Countries under the Marquis de Torcy.
On one occasion, when the hostile armies were
encamped on the banks of the Scarpe, medals
were struck, and distributed among the English,
bearing, besides a bust of the prince, an inscription
relating to his bravery on a former occasion. Are
any of these now in existence ? They would pro-
bably be met with in those families whose an-
cestors served under Marlborough. A. S.

Robert Bloet. — Can you certify me whether it
is received as an undoubted historical fact that
"Bobertus, comes Moritoniensis," William the
Conqueror's uterine brother, was identical with
Rohert Bloet, afterwards Chancellor and Bishop
of Lincoln? J. Sansom.

Sir J. Wallace and Mr. Browne. — I inclose an
extract from The English Chronicle or Universal
Evening Post, February 6th to February 8th, 1783.
Can any of your learned correspondents state the
result of the fracas between Mr. Browne and Sir
J. Wallace ?

" Yesterday about one o'clock, Sir J s W e

and Lieutenant B e, accidentally meeting in Par-
liament Street, near the Admiralty Gate, Mr. B e,

the moment he saw Sir J s, took a stick which a

gentleman he was in company with held in his hand,

and, after a few words passing, struck Sir J s, and

gave him a dreadful wound in the forehead ; they closed,
and Sir J s, who had no weapon, made the best de-
fence possible, but being a weaker man than his anta-
gonist, was overpowered. Mr. B e, at parting, told

Sir J s, if he had anything to say to him, he would

be found at the Salopian Coffee House. An account of
this transaction being communicated to Sir Sampson

Wright, he sent Mr. Bond after Mr. B e, who found

him at the Admiralty, and delivered the magistrate's
compliments, at the same time requesting to see him

in Bow Street. Mr. B e promised to wait upon Sir

Sampson, but afterwards finding that no warrant had
issued, did not think it incumbent on him to comply,
and so went about his avocations.

" Sir J s's situation after the fracas very much

excited the compassion of the populace ; they beheld
that veteran bleeding on the streets, who had so often
gloriously fought the battles of his country ! The
above account is as accurate as we could learn ; but

should there be any trivial misstatement, we shall be
happy in correcting it, through the means of any of our
readers who were present on the spot.

" Sir James Wallace has not only given signal proofs
of his bravery as a naval officer, but particularly in a
duel with another marine officer, Mr. Perkins, whom
he fought at Cape Francois; each taking hold of the
end of a handkerchief, fired, and although the balls
went through both their bodies, neither of the wounds
proved mortal ! The friars at Cape Francois, with
great humanity, took charge of them till they were
cured of their wounds."

J. Locke.

Dublin.

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. — I should be
glad if any of your correspondents would refer
me to an authentic account of the death of Bobert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Queen Elizabeth's
favourite. He is said by some to have been ac-
cidentally poisoned by his wife; by others pur-
posely, by some of his adherents. This affair,
though clouded in mystery, appears not to have
been particularly inquired into. Likewise let me
ask, on what authority is Stanfield Hall, Norfolk
(the scene of a recent tragedy), described as the
birthplace of Amy Bobsart, the unfortunate first
wife of this same nobleman ? A. S.

Abbott Families. — Samuel Abbott, of Sudbury,
in the county of Suffolk, gentleman, lived about
1670. Can any of your genealogical contributors
inform me if he was in any way connected with the
family of Archbishop Abbott, or otherwise eluci-
date his parentage ? It may probably be interesting
to persons of the same name to be acquainted that
the pears worn by many of the Abbot family are
merely a corruption of the ancient inkhorns of
the Abbots of Northamptonshire, and impaled in
Netherheyford churchyard, same county, on the
tomb of Sir Walt. Mauntele, knight, and his wife
Elizabeth, daughter of John Abbot, Esq., 1487,
viz. a chev. between three inkhorns. The resem-
blance between pears and inkhorns doubtless
occasioned the error. I believe the ancient bottles
of Harebottle were similarly corrupted into icicles.

J. T. Abbott.

Darlington.

Authorship of a Ballad. — In the Manchester
Guardian of Jan. 7, the author of a stanza, writ-
ten on the execution of Thos. Syddale, is desired ;
as also the remainder of the ballad. From what
quarter is either of these more likely to be ob-
tained than from " N. & Q. ? "

P. J. F. Gaktillon.

Elias Petley. — What is known of the life or
works of Elias Petley, priest, who dedicated to
Archbishop Laud his translation of the English
Liturgy into Greek. The book was published at
the press of Thomas Cotes, for Bichard Whitaker,

106

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

at the King's Arms, St. Paul's churchyard, in
1638. Is it remarkable for rarity or merit ?

J. O. B.
Wicken.

fflinav Quetiti Jutth ^ttrffoerrf.

Canaletto"s Views round London. — Antonio
Canaletto, the painter of Venice, the destruction
of one of whose most powerful works has been of
late the subject of so much agitation, was here
amongst us in this city one hundred years since ;
as seen by his proposal in one of the journals of

" Signior Canaletto gives notice that he has painted
Chelsea College, Ranelagh House, and the River
Thames ; which, if any gentleman, or others, are pleased
to favour him with seeing the same, he will attend at
his lodgings at Mr. Viggans, in Silver Street, Golden
Square, from fifteen days from this day, July 31, from
8 to 1, and from 3 to 6 at night, each day."

Here is that able artist's offer in his own terms, if,
not his own words.

I have to inquire, are these pictures left here to
the knowledge of your readers ? did he, in short,
find buyers as well as admirers ? or, if not, did he
return to Venice with those (no doubt) vividly
pictured recollections of our localities under his
arm ? Gondola.

A Monster found at Maidstone. — In Kilburne's
Survey of Kent, 4to. 1659, under " Maidstone," is
the following passage :

" Wat Tiler, that idol of clownes, and famous rebell
in the time of King Richard the Second, was of this
town; and in the year 1206 about this town was a
monster found stricken with lightning, with a head
like an asse, a belly like a man, and all other parts far
different from any known creature, but not approach-
able nigh unto, by reason of the stench thereof."

No mention of this is made by Lambarde in his
Perambulation of Kent. Has this been traditional,
or whence is Kilburne's authority ? And what
explanation can be offered of the account ?

H.W.D.

Page. — What is the derivation of this word?
In the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,
edited by Dr. W. Smith, 1st edit., p. 679., it is
said to be from the Greek iratSaycaybs, pcedagogus.
But in an edition of Tacitus, with notes by Box-
horn (Amsterdam, 1662), it is curiously identified
with the word boy, and traced to an eastern
source thus: — Persian, bagoa; Polish, poko igo;
Old German, Pagie, Bagh, Bai; then the Welsh,
bachgen ; French, page ; English, boy ; and Greek,
ircus.

Some of your correspondents may be able to
inform me which is correct. B. H. C.

The Fis7i " Ruffins." — In Spenser's Faerie
Queene we read (book iv. canto 11.), among the
river guests that attended the nuptials of Thames
and Medway came " Yar, soft washing Norwitch
walls ; " and farther on, that he brought with him
a present of fish for the banquet called ruffins,
" whose like none else could show." Was this
description of fish peculiar to the Yare ? and is
there any record of its having been esteemed a
delicacy in Elizabeth's reign ? A. S.

[This seems to be the fish noticed by Izaak Walton,
called the Ruffe, or Pope, " a fish," says he, " that is
not known in some rivers. He is much like the perch
for his shape, and taken to be better than the perch,
but will grow to be bigger than a gudgeon. He is an
excellent fish, no fish that swims is of a pleasanter taste,
and he is also excellent to enter a young angler, for
he is a greedy biter." In the Faerie Queene, book i.
canto iv., Spenser speaks of

" His rufftn raiment all was stain'd with blood
Which he had spilt, and all to rags yrent."

To these lines Mr. Todd has added a note, which gives
a clue to the meaning of the word. He says, " Mr.
Church here observes, that rufftn is reddish, from the
Latin rufus. I suspect, however, that the poet did
not intend to specify the colour of the dress, but rather
to give a very characteristical expression even to the
raiment of Wrath. Ruffin, so spelt, denoted a swash-
buckler, or, as we should say, a bully : see Minsheu's
Guide into Tongues. Besides, I find in My Ladies'
Looking- Glasse, by Barnabe Rich, 4to. 1616, p. 21., a
passage which may serve to strengthen my application
of ruffin, in this sense, to garment : " The yong
woman, that as well in her behaviour, as in the manner
of her apparell, is most ruffian like, is accounted the
most gallant wench." Now, it appears, that the ruff,
or pope, is not only, as Walton says, " a greedy biter,"
but is extremely voracious in its disposition, and will
devour a minnow nearly as big as itself. Its average
length is from six to seven inches.]

Origin of the Word Etiquette. — What is the
original meaning of the word etiquette ? and how
did it acquire that secondary meaning which it
bears in English ? S. C. G.

[Etiquette, from the Fr. etiquette, Sp. etiqueta, a
ticket ; delivered not only, as Cotgrave says, for the
benefit and advantage of him that receives it, but also
entitling to place, to rank ; and thus applied to the
ceremonious observance of rank or place ; to ceremony.
Webster adds, " From the original sense of the word,
it may be inferred that it was formerly the custom to
deliver cards containing orders for regulating cere-
monies on public occasions."]

Henri Quatre.— What was the title of Henry IV.
(of Navarre) to the crown of France ? or in what
way was he related to his predecessor ? If any

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

107

one would be kind enough to answer these he
would greatly oblige "W. W. H.

[Our correspondent will find bis Query briefly and
satisfactorily answered by Henault, in his Abrege
de VHisloire de France, p. 476. His words are :
" Henri IV. roi de Navarre, ne k Pau, le 13 Decem-
bre, 1553, et ayant droit a la couronne, comme de-
scendant de Robert, Comte de Clermont, qui etoit fils
de St. Louis, et qui avoit epouse l'heritiere de Bourbon,
y parvient en 1589." The lineal descent of Henri
from this Count Robert may be seen in L'Art de
verifier les Dates, vol. vi. p. 209., in a table entitled
" Genealogie des Valois et des Bourbon ; St. Louis IX.,
Roi de France."]

" He that complies against his will" Sfc. ; and
" To kick the bucket." — Oblige T. C. by giving
the correct reading of the familiar couplet, which
he apprehends is loosely quoted when expressed —

" Convince a man against his will," &c.
or,

" Persuade a man against his will," &c.

Also by stating the name of the author.

Likewise by giving the origin of the phrase
" To kick the bucket," as applied to the death of
a person.

[The desired quotation is from Butler's Hudibras,
part in. canto Hi. 1. 547-8. :

" He that complies against his will,
Is of his own opinion still."

As to the origin of the phrase " To kick the bucket,"
the tradition among the slang fraternity is, that " One
Bolsover having hung himself to a beam while stand-
ing on the bottom of a pail, or bucket, kicked the vessel
away in order to pry into futurity, and it was all up
with him from that moment. — Finis!" Our Querist
will find a very humorous illustration of its use (too
long to quote) in an article on " Anglo-German Dic-
tionaries," contributed by De Quincy to the London'
Magazine for April, 1823, p. 442.]

St. Nicholas Cole Abbey. — There is a church
in the city of London called St. Nicholas Cole
Abbey : what is the origin of the name or deriva-
tion ? Ellfin ap Gwyddno.

[This Query seems to have baffled old Stowe.
He says, " Towards the west end of Knight Rider
Street is the parish church of St. Nicolas Cold Abby,
a comely church, somewhat ancient, as appeareth by
the ways raised thereabout ; so that men are forced to
descend into the body of the church. It hath been
called of many Golden Abby, of some Gold (or Cold)
Bey, and so hath the most ancient writing. But I
could never learn the cause why it should be so called,
and therefore I will let it pass. Perhaps as standing
in a cold place, as Cold Harbour, and such like." For
communications on the much-disputed etymology of
Cold Harbour, see " N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 60. ; Vol. ii.,
pp. 159. 340. ; and Vol. vi., p. 455.]

TRENCH ON TROVERBS.

(Vol. viii., pp. 387. 519. 641.)

The courteous spirit which generally distin-
guishes the communications of your correspon-
dents, renders the " N. & Q." the most agreeable
magazine, or, as you have it, " medium of inter-
communication for literary men," &c. I was so
much pleased with the general animus which
characterised the strictures on my proposed
translation of Ps. cxxvii. 2., that I was almost
disposed to cede to my critics, from sheer good-
will towards them. But the elder DTsraeli speaks
of such a thing "as an affair of literary conscience,"
which consideration prescribes my yielding in the
present instance ; but I trust that our motto will
always be, " May our difference of opinion never
alter our inter-communications ! "

I must however, at the outset, qualify an ex-
pression I made use of, which seems to have in-
curred the censure of all your four correspondents
on the subject ; I mean the sentence, " The trans-
lation of the authorised version of that sacred
affirmation is unintelligible." It seems to be per-
fectly intelligible to Messrs. Buckton, Jebb,
Walter, and S. D. I qualify, therefore, the
assertion. I mean to say, that the translation of
the authorised version of that sacred affirmation
was, and is, considered unintelligible to many in-
telligent biblical critics and expositors ; amongst
whom I may name Luther, Mendelsohn, Heng-
stenberg, Zunz, and many others whose names
will transpire in the sequel.

Having made that concession, I may now pro-
ceed with the replying to my Querists, or rather
Critics. Mr. Buckton is entitled to my first con-
sideration, not only because you placed him at the
head of the department of that question, but also
because of the peculiar mode in which he treated
the subject. My replies shall be seriatim.

1. Luther was not the first who translated
VC& Vfivb BV p " Denn seinen Freunden gibt
er es schlafend." A far greater Hebraist than
Luther, who flourished about two hundred years
before the great German Reformer came into
note, put the same construction on that sacred
affirmation. Rabbi Abraham Hacohen of Zante,
who paraphrased the whole Hebrew Psalter into
modern metrical Hebrew verse (which, according
to a P. S., was completed in 1326), interprets the
sentence in question thus :

spa hx irv p ^
i tpn *6 inso wwm rtnth

" For surely God shall give food

To His beloved, and his sleep shall not be withheld
from him."

2. It is more than problematical whether the
eminent translator, Mendelsohn, was influenced by

108

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 223.

Luther's error (?), or by his own superior know-
ledge of the sacred tongue.

3. I do not think that the phrase, " the proper
Jewish notion of gain," was either called for or
relevant to the subject.

4. The reign of James I. was by no means as
distinguished for Hebrew scholarship as were the
immediate previous reigns. Indeed it would ap-
pear that the knowledge of the sacred languages
was at a very low ebb in this country during the
agitating period of the Reformation, so much so
that even the unaccountable Henry VIII. was
forced to exclaim, " Vehementer dolere nostra-
tium Theologorum sortem sanctissime linguae
scientia carentium, efc linguaruin doctrinam fuisse
intermissam." (Hody, p. 4G6.)

When Coverdale made his version of the Bible
he was not only aided by Tindale, but also by
the celebrated Hebrew, of the Hebrews, Emanuel
Tremellius, who was then professor of the sacred
tongue in the University of Cambridge, where
that English Reformer was educated ; and Cover-
dale translated the latter part of Ps. cxxvii. 2. as
follows : " For look, to whom it pleaseth Him, He
giveth it in sleep."

When the translation was revised, during the
reign of James I., the most accomplished Anglo-
Hebraist was, by some caprice of jealousy, forced
to leave this country ; I mean Hugh Broughton.
He communicated many renderings to the re-
visers, some of which they thoughtlessly rejected,
and others, to use Broughton's own phrase, "they
thrust into the margin." A perusal of Brough-
ton's works* gives one an accurate notion of the
proceedings of the revisers of the previous ver-
sions.

* Lightfoot, who edited Broughton's works in 1662,
entitled them as follows : — " The Works of the great
Albionen Divine, renowned in many Nations for rare
Skill in Salem's and Athens' Tongues, and familiar
acquaintance with all Rabbinical Learning," &c.

Ben Jonson has managed to introduce Broughton
into some of his plays. In his Volpone, when the
" Fox " delivers a medical lecture, to the great amuse-
ment of Politic and Peregrine, the former remarks,

" Is not his language rare?"
To which the latter replies,

" But Alchemy,
I never heard the like, or Broughton's books."

In the Alchemist, " Face " is made thus to speak of a
female companion :

" Y' are very right, Sir, she is a most rare scholar,
And is gone mad with studying Broughton's works;
If you but name a word touching the Hebrew,
She falls into her fit, and will discourse
So learnedly of genealogies,
As you would run mad too to hear her, Sir."

(See also The History of the Jews in Great Britain,
vol. i. pp. 305, &c.)

5. Coverdale's translation is not "ungramma-
tical" as far as the Hebrew language is concerned,
notwithstanding that it was rejected in the rei^n
of James I. Drp, " bread," is evidently the ac-
cusative noun to the transitive verb |JV, " He shall
give." Nor is it " false," for the same noun, Dl"6»
" bread," is no doubt the antecedent to which the
word it refers.

6. Mendelsohn does not omit the it in his He-
brew comment; and I am therefore unwarrantably
charged with supplying it " unauthorisedly." I
should like to see Mb. Buck/ton's translation of
that comment. If any doubt remained upon Mr.
B.'s mind as to the intended meaning of the word
irUTV used by Mendelsohn, his German version
might have removed such a doubt, as the little word
es, " it," indicates pretty clearly what Mendelsohn
meant by jri3Jl\ So that, instead of proving Men-
delsohn " at variance with himself," he is proved
most satisfactorily to have been in perfect harmony
with himself.

7. Mendelsohn does not omit the important word
p ; and if Mr. B. will refer once more to his copy of
Mendelsohn (we are both using the same edition),
he will find two different interpretations proposed
for the word p, viz. thus and rightly. I myself
prefer the latter rendering. The word occurs
about twenty times in the Hebrew Bible, and in
the great majority of instances rightly or certainly
is the only correct rendering. Both Mendelsohn
and Zunz omit to translate it in their German
versions, simply because the sentence is more
idiomatic, in the German language, without it
than with it.

8. I perfectly agree with Mr. B. " that no
version has yet had so large an amount of learn-
ing bestowed on it as the English one." But
Mr. B. will candidly acknowledge that the largest
amount was bestowed on it since the revision of
the authorised version closed. Lowth, Newcombe,
Home, Horsley, Lee, &c. wrote since, and they
boldly called in question many of the renderings
in the authorised version.

Let me not be mistaken ; I do most sincerely
consider our version superior to all others, but it
is not for this reason faultless.

In reply to Mr. Jebb's temperate strictures, I
would most respectively submit —

1. That considerable examination leads me to
take just the reverse view to that of Burkius,
that JOES' cannot be looked upon as antithetical
to siagere, sedere, dolorum. With all my search-
ings I failed to discover an analogous antithesis.
I shall be truly thankful to Mr. Jebb for a case
in point. Moreover, Psalms iii. and iv., to which
Dr. French and Mr. Skinner refer, prove to my
mind that not sleep is the gift, but sustenance and
other blessings bestowed upon the Psalmist whilst
asleep. I cannot help observing that due reflec-
tion makes me look upon the expression, " So He

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

109

giveth His beloved sleep," as an extraordinary
anticlimax.

2. Mu. Jebb challenges the showing strictly
analogous instances of ellipses. lie acknowledges
that there are very numerous ellipses even in the
Songs of Degrees themselves, but they are of a
very different nature. I might fill the whole of
this Number with examples, which the most scru-
pulous critic would be obliged to acknowledge as
being strictly analogous to the passage under re-
view ; but such a thing you would not allow. Two
instances, however, you will not object to ; they
will prove a host for Mr. Jebb's purpose, inas-
much as one has the very word niB' elliptical!}',
and the other the transitive verb jn\ minus an
accusative noun. Would Messks. Buckton, Jebb,
Walter, and S. D. kindly translate, for the bene-
fit of those who are interested in the question, the
following two passages ?

: f^rp two "ipnn j»fP n& DJttnt

Psalm xc. 5.

: in^p t^TJ &p2 mn nsyD jn>

Isaiah xli. 2.

The Rev. Henry "Walter will see that some of
his observations have been anticipitated and al-
ready replied to. It remains, however, for me to
assure him that I never dreamt that any one would
suppose that I considered fcWJP anything else but
a noun, minus the 3 preposition. The reason why
I translated the word "whilst he [the beloved]
is asleep," was because I thought the expression
more idiomatic.

S. D. attempts to prove nothing; I am exempt
therefore from disproving anything as far as he is
concerned.

Before I take leave of this lengthy and some-
what elaborate disquisition, let me give my ex-
planation of the scope of the Psalm in dispute,
which, I venture to imagine, will commend itself,
even to those who differ from me, as the most
natural.

This Psalm, as well as the other thirteen en-
titled "A Song of Degrees," was composed for
the singing on the road by those Israelites who
went up to Jerusalem to keep the three grand
festivals, to beguile their tedious journey, and
also to soothe the dejected spirits of those who
felt disheartened at having left their homes, their
farms, and families without guardians. Ps. cxxvii.
is of a soothing character, composed probably by
Solomon.

In the first two verses God's watchfulness and
care over His beloved are held up to the view of
the pilgrims, who are impressed with the truth
that no one, " by taking thought, can add one
cubit to his stature." The best exposition which
I can give of those two verses I have learned from
our Saviour's " Sermon on the Mount" (Matt. vi.

25-33.). The third and following verses, as well
as the next Psalm, are exegetieal or illustrative.
To whom do you attribute the gift of children?
Is it not admitted on all hands to be " an heritage
of the Lord ?" No one can procure that blessing
by personal anxiety and care: God alone can con-
fer the gift. Well, then, the same God who gives
you the heritage of children will also grant you all
other blessings which are good for you, provided
you act the part of " His beloved," and depend
upon Him without wavering.

The above is a hasty, but I trust an intelligible,
view of the scope of the Psalm.

Moses Margoeiouth.

Wybunbury, Nantwich.

INSCRIPTIONS ON BEI.LS.

(Vol.viii., p. 448.)

The inscription on one of the bells of Great
Milton Church, Oxon. (as given by Mr. Simpson
in " N. & Q-"), has a better and rhyming form
occasionally.

In Meivod Church, Montgomeryshire, a bell
(the " great " bell, I think) has the inscription —

" I to the church the living call,
And to the grave do summon all."

The same also is found on the great bell of the
interesting church (formerly cathedral) of Llan-
badarn Fawr, Cardiganshire. E. Dyer Green.

Nantcribha Hall.

I beg to forward the following inscription on
one of°the bells in the tower of St. Nicholas
Church, Sidmouth. I have not met with it else-
where ; and you may, perhaps, consider it worthy
of being added to those given by CutiibertBede
and J. L. Sisson :

" * Est michi collatum

I he istud nomen amatum."

There is no date, but the characters may indicate
the commencement of the fifteenth century as the
period when the bell was cast. G. J. R. Gordon.

At Lapley in Staffordshire :

«« I will sound and resound to thee, O Lord,
To call thy people to thy word."

G. E. T. S. R. N.

Pray add the following savoury inscriptions to

your next list of bell-mottoes. The first disgraces

the belfry of St. Paul's, Bedford ; the second, that

of St. Mary's, Islington :

" At proper times my voice I'll raise,

And sound to my subscribers' praise !"
" At proper times our voices we will raise,
In sounding to our benefactors' praise 1"
The similarity between these two inscriptions
favours the supposition that the ancient bell-

110

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

founders, like some modern enterprising firms,
kept a poet on the establishment, e.g.

" Thine incomparable oil, Macassar ! "

J. Yeowell.

A friend informs me, that on a bell in Durham
Cathedral these lines occur :

" To call the folk to Church in time,

I chime.
When mirth and pleasure's on the wing,

I ring.
And when the body leaves the soul,
I toll."

J. L. S.

ARMS OF GENEVA.

(Vol. viii., p. 563.)

Your correspondent who desires the blazon of
the arms of the " town of Geneva," had better
have specified to which of the two bearings assigned
to that name he refers.

One of these, which I saw on the official seal
affixed to the passport of a friend of mine lately
returned from that place, is an instance of the
obsolete practice of dimidiation ; and is the more
singular, because only the dexter one of the shields
thus impaled undergoes curtailment.

The correct blazon, I believe, would be : Or,
an eagle double-headed, displayed sable, dimidi-
ated, and impaling gu. a key in pale argent, the
wards in chief, and turned to the sinister; the
shield surmounted with a marquis' coronet.

The blazon of the sinister half I owe to Ed-
mondson, who seems, however, not at all to have
understood the dexter, and gives a clumsy descrip-
tion of it little worth transcribing. He, and the
Dictionnaire de Blazon, assign these arms to the
Republic of Geneva.

The other bearing would, in English, be bla-
zoned, Checquy of nine pieces, or and azure : and
in French, Cinq points (for, equipolles a quatre
dazur. This is assigned by Nisbett to the
Seigneurie of Geneva, and is quartered by the
King of Sardinia in token of the claims over the
Genevese town and territory, which, as Duke of
Savoy, he has never resigned.

With regard to the former shield, I may just
remark, that the dimidiated coat is merely that of
the German empire. How or why Geneva ob-
tained it, I should be very glad to be informed ;
since it appeal's to appertain to the present inde-
pendent Republic, and not to the former seignorial
territory.

Let me also add, that the plate in the Diction-
naire gives the field of this half as argent. Mr.
Willement, in his Regal Heraldry, under the arms
of Richard II.'s consort, also thus describes and
represents the imperial field ; and Nisbett alludes

to it as such in one place, though in his formal
blazon he gives it as or.

Nothing, in an heraldic point of view, would be
more interesting than a " Regal Heraldry of Eu-
rope," with a commentary explaining the historical
origin and combinations of the various bearings.
Should this small contribution towards such a
compilation tend to call the attention of any able
antiquary to the general subject, or to elicit
information upon this particular question, the
writer who now offers so insignificant an item
would feel peculiarly gratified. L. C. D.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Multiplying Negatives. — In reply to M. N. S.
(Vol. ix., p. 83.) I would suggest the following mode
of multiplying negatives on glass, which I have every
reason to believe would be perfectly successful : —
First, varnish the negative to be copied by means of
Dr. Diamond's solution of amber in chloroform ; then
attach to each angle, with any convenient varnish, a
small piece of writing-paper. Prepare a similar plate
of glass with collodion, and drain off" all superfluous
nitrate of silver, by standing it for a minute or so on
edge upon a piece of blotting-paper. Lay it flat upon
a board, collodion side upwards, and the negative pre-
pared above upon it, collodion side downwards. Ex-
pose the whole to daylight for a single second, or to
gas-light for about a minute, and develope as usual.
The result will be a transmitted positive, but with re-
versed sides ; and from this, when varnished and treated
as the original negative, any number of negatives simi-
lar to the first may be produced.

The paper at the angles is to prevent the absolute
contact and consequent injury by the solution of ni-
trate of silver ; and, for the same reason, it is advisable
not to attempt to print until the primary negative is
varnished, as, with all one's care, sometimes the nitrate
will come in contact and produce spots, if the varnish-
ing has been omitted. Should the negative become
moistened, it should be at once washed with a gentle
stream of water and dried.

I have repeatedly performed the operation above
described so far as the production of the positive, and
so perfect is the impression that I#see no reason why
the second negative should be at all distinguishable
from the original.

I am, indeed, at present engaged upon a similar
attempt ; but there are several other difficulties in my
way : I, however, entertain no doubts of perfect suc-
cess. Geo. Shadbolt.

TowgoocTs Paper. — A. B. (Vol. ix., p. 83.) can pur-
chase Towgood's paper of Mr. Sandford, who frequently
advertises in " N. & Q." With regard to his other Query,
I think there can be no doubt of his being at liberty
to publish a photographic copy of a portrait, Mr. Fox
Talbot having reserved only the right to paper copies
of a photographic portrait. Collodion portraits are not
patent, but the paper proofs from collodion negatives
are. Geo. SHAnBOLT.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Ill

Adulteration of Nitrate of Silver. — Will any of your
chemical readers tell me how I am to know if nitrate
of silver is pure, and how to detect the adulteration?
Jf so with nitrate of potash, how ? One writer on
photography recommends the fused, as then the excess
of nitric acid is got rid of. Another says the fused
nitrate is nearly always adulterated. I fear you have
more querists than respondents. I have looked care-
fully for a reply to some former Queries respecting
Mr. Crookes's restoration of old collodion, but at
present they have failed in appearance.

The Reader of Photographic Works.

3&*$>ltoS to fflinav <&uttitsi.

Passage of Cicero (Vol. viii., p. 640.). — Is the
following what Semi-Tone wants ?

" Mira est enim queedam natura vocis ; cujus qui-
dem, e tribus omnino sonis, inflexo, acuto, gravi, tanta sit,
et tarn suavis varietas perfecta in cantibus." — Orator,
cap. 17.

B. H. C.

Major Andre (Vol. viii., pp. 174.604.). — The late
Mrs. Mills of Norwich (jiee Andre) was not the
sister of Major Andre ; she was the only daughter
of Mr. John Andre of Offenbach, near Frankfort
on the Maine, in Germany ; where he established
more than eighty years ago a prosperous concern
as a printer of music, and was moreover an emi-
nent composer : this establishment is now in the
hands of his grandson. Mr. John Andre was not
the brother of the Major, but a second or third
cousin. Mrs. Mills used to say, that she remem-
bered seeing the Major at her father's house as a
visitor, when she was a very small child. He
began his career in London in the commercial
line ; and, after he entered the army, was sent
by the English ministry to Hesse-Cassel to con-
duct to America a corps of Hessian hirelings to
dragoon the revolted Americans into obedience :
it was on this occasion that he paid the above-
mentioned visit to Offenbach.

Having frequently read the portion of English
history containing the narrative of the trans-
actions in which' Major Andre was so actively
engaged, and for which he suffered, I have often
asked myself whether he was altogether blameless
in that questionable affair. Trivet Allcock.

Norwich.

P.S. — This account was furnished to me by
Mr. E. Mills, husband of the late Mrs. Mills.

Catholic Bible Society (Vol. ix., p. 41.). — Be-
sides the account of this society in Bishop Milner's
Supplementary Memoirs of the English Catholics,
many papers on the same will be found in the
volumes of the Orthodox Journal from 1813, when
the Society was formed, to 1819. In this last
volume, p. 9., Bishop Milner wrote a long letter,

containing a comparison of the brief notes in the
stereotyped edition of the above Society with the
notes of Bishop Challoner, from whose hands he
mentions having received a copy of his latest edi-
tion of both Testaments in 1777. It should be
mentioned that most of the papers in the Orthodox
Journal alluded to were written by Bishop Milner
under various signatures, which the present writer,
with all who knew him well, could always recog-
nise. That eminent prelate thus sums up the fate
of the sole publication of the so-called Catholic
Bible Society :

" Its stereotype Testament was proved to

abound in gross errors ; hardly a copy of it could be
sold ; and, in the end, the plates for continuing it have
been of late presented by an illustrious personage, into
whose hands they fell, to one of our prelates [this was
Bishop Collingridge], who will immediately employ
the cart-load of them for a good purpose, as they were
intended to be, by disposing of them to some pewterer,
who will convert them into numerous useful culinary
implements, gas-pipes, and other pipes."

Cassiterides (Vol. ix., p. 64.).— Kassiteros; the
ancient Indian Sanscrit word Kastira. Of the dis-
puted passage in Herodotus respecting the Cas-
siterides, the interpretation* of Kennell, in his
Geographical System of Herodotus ; of Maurice,
in his Indian Antiquities, vol. vi. ; and of Heeren, in
his Historical Researches ; is much more satisfac-
tory than that offered by your correspondent
S. G. C, although supported by the French acade-
micians {Inscript. xxxvi. 66.)

The advocates for a Celtic origin of the name
of these islands are perhaps not aware that —
" Through the intercourse which the Phoenicians, by
means of their factories in the Persian Gulph, main-
tained with the east coast of India, the Sanscrit word
Kastira, expressing a most useful product of farther
India, and still existing among the old Aramaic idioms
in the Arabian word Kasdir, became known to the
Greeks even before Albion and the British Cassiterides
had been visited." — See Humboldt's Cosmos, "Prin-
cipal Epochs in the History of the Physical Contem-
plation of the Universe," notes.

Bibeiothecar. Chetham.

Wooden Tombs and Effigies (Vol. ix., p. 62.).—
There are two fine recumbent figures of a Lord
Neville and his wife in Brancepeth Church, four
miles south-west of Durham. They are carved in
wood. A view of them is given in Billing's An-
tiquities of Durham,. 3. H. B.

Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., p. 10.). — In my visits
to the Isle of Man, I have frequently met with

* His want of information in this matter can only
be referred to the jealousy of the Phoenicians depriving
the Greeks, as afterwards the Romans, of ocular ob-
servation.

112

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

specimens of the tailless cats referred to by your
correspondent Shirley Hibberd. In the pure
breed there is not the slightest vestige of a tail,
and in the case of any intermixture with the
species possessing the usual caudal appendage, the
tail of their offspring, like the witch's " sark," as
recorded by honest Tarn o' Shanter,

" In longitude is sorely scanty."

In fact, it terminates abruptly at the length of a
few inches, as if amputated, having altogether a
very ludicrous appearance. G. Taylor.

Reading.

The breed of cats without tails is well known in
the Isle of Man, and accounted by the people of the
island one of its chief curiosities. These cats are
sought after by strangers : the natives call them
" Rumpies," or " Rumpy Cats." Their hind legs
are rather longer than those of cats with tails, and
give them a somewhat rabbit-like aspect, which
lias given rise to the odd fancy that they are the
descendants of a cross between a rabbit and cat.
They are good mousers. When a perfectly tail-
less cat is crossed with an ordinary-tailed indi-
vidual, the progeny exhibit all intermediate states
between tail and no tail. Edward Forbes.

Warville (Vol. viii., p. 516.). —

" Jacque Pierre Brissot was born on the 14th Jan.,
1754, in the village of Ouarville, near Cliartres." —
Penny Cyclo.

If your correspondent is a French scholar, he
will perceive that AVarville is, as nearly as pos-
sible, the proper pronunciation of the name of this
village, but that Brissot being merely the son of a
poor pastrycook, had no right whatever to the name,
which doubtless he bore merely as a distinction from
some other Brissot. It may interest }'our Ame-
rican friend to know, that he married Felicite
Dupont, a young lady of good family at'Boulogne.
A relation of my own, who was very intimate with
ber before her marriage, has often described her
to me as being of a very modest, retiring, religious
disposition, very clever with her pencil, and as
having received a first-rate education from mas-
ters in Paris. These gifts, natural and acquired,
made her a remarkable young person, amidst the
crowd of frivolous idlers who at that time formed
"good society," not only in Paris, but even in
provincial towns, of which Boulogne was not the
least gay. Perhaps he knows already that she
quickly followed her husband to the scaffold. Her
sister (I believe the only one) married a Parisian
gentleman named Aublay, and died at a great
age about ten years ago. N. J. A.

Wis not a distinct letter in the French alpha-
bet ; it is simply double r, and is pronounced like
v, as in Wissant, Wimireux, Wimille, villages be-

tween Calais and Boulogne, and Wassy in Cham-
pagne. \V. R. D. S.

Green Eyes (Vol. viii., p. 407.). — The follow-
ing are quotations in favour of green eyes, in ad-
dition to Mr. II. Temple's :

" An eagle, madam,
Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye."

Romeo and Juliet, Act III. Sc. 5.

And Dante, in Purgatory, canto xxxi., likens
Beatrice's eyes to emeralds :

" Disser : fa clie le viste non risparmi :
Posto t' avem dinanzi agli smeraldi,
Ond' Amor gia ti trasse le sue armi."

" Spare not thy vision. We have station'd thee
Before the emeralds*, whence Love, erewhile,
Hath drawn his weapons on thee."

Cary's Translation.

I think short-sightedness is an infirmity more
common among men of letters, authors, &c., than
any other class ; indeed, one is inclined to think
it is no rare accompaniment of talent. A few ce-
lebrated names occur to me who suffered weakness
of distinct vision to see but the better near. I
am sure your correspondents could add many to the
list. I mark them down at random : — Niebuhr,
Thomas Moore, Marie Antoinette, Gustavus
Adolphus, Herrick the poet, Dr. Johnson, Mar-
garet Fuller, Ossoli, Thiers, Quevedo. These are
but a few, but I will not lengthen the list at
present. M A S.

Came (Vol. viii., p. 468.). — II. T. G. will find
this word to be as old as our language. Piers
Ploughman writes :

" A cat
Cam whan hym liked."

Vision, 1. 298.

" A lovely lady
Cam doun from a castel."

lb. 1. 466.

Chaucer

" Till that he came to Thebes."

Cant. T. 1. 985. '

Gower

" Thus (er he wiste) into a dale
He came."

Conf. Am. b. i. fol. 9. p. 2. col. 1 .

Q.

" Epitaphium Lucretice " (Vol. viii., p. 563.). —
Allow me to send an answer to the Query of Bal-
liolensis, and to state that in that rather scarce
little book, Epigrammata ct Poematia Vetera, he
will find at page 68. that "Epitaphium Lucretise"
is ascribed to Modestus, perhaps the same person
who wrote a work de re militari. The version

* Beatrice's eyes.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEMES.

113

there given differs slightly from that of Balmo-
lensis, and has two more lines ; it is as follows :
" Cum foderet ferro castum Lucretia pectus,
Sanguinis et torrens egereretur, ait :
Procedant testes me non favisse tyranno,
Ante virum sanguis, spiritus ante deos.
Quam recte hi testes pro me post fata loquentur,
Alter apud manes, alter apud superos."

Perhaps the following translation may not be un-
acceptable :

" When thro' her breast the steel Lucretia thrust,
She said, while forth th' ensanguin'd torrent gush'd ;
4 From me that no consent the tyrant knew,
To my spouse my blood, to heaven my soul shall

show ;
And thus in death these witnesses shall prove,
My innocence, to shades below, and Powers above.' "

C— S. T. P.

Oxford Commemoration Squib, 1849 (Vol. viii.,
p. 584.). —Quoted incorrectly. The heading stands
thus :

" Liberty ! Equality ! Fraternity !"

After the name of " Wrightson" add "(Queen's) ;"
and at the foot of the bill " Floreat Lyceum." I
quote from a copy before me. W. P. Storer.

Olney, Bucks.

"Imp" (Vol. viii., p. 623.). — Perhaps as amus-
ing a use of the word imp as can be found any-
where occurs in old Bacon, in his " Pathway unto
Prayer" (see Early Writings, Parker Society,
p. 187.) :

" Let us pray for the preservation of the King's
most excellent Majesty, and for the prosperous success
of his entirely beloved son Edward our Prince, that
most angelic imp."

P. P.

False Spellings from Sound (Vol. vi., p. 29.). —
The observations of Mr. Wayeen deserve to be
enlarged by numerous examples, and to be, to a
certain extent, corrected. He has not brought
clearly into view two distinct classes of " false
spelling" under which the greater part of such
mistakes may be arranged. One class arose solely
from erroneous pronunciation 5 the second from
'intentional alteration. I will explain my meaning
by two examples, both which are, I believe, in
Mr. Way leu's list.

The French expression dent de lion stands for a
certain plant, and some of the properties of that
plant originated the name. When an Englishman
calls the same plant Dandylion, the sound has not
given birth "to a new idea" in his mind. Surely,
lie pronounces badly three French words of which
lie may know the meaning, or he may not. But
when the same Englishman, or any other, orders
sparroic-grass for dinner, these two words contain

" a new idea," introduced purposely : either he, or
some predecessor, reasoned thus — there is no
meaning in asparagus; sparrow-grass must be
the right word because it makes sense. The name
of a well-known place in London illustrates both
these changes : Convent Garden becomes Covent
Garden by mispronunciation ; it becomes Common
Garden by intentional change.

Mistakes of the first class are not worth record-
ing ; those of the second fall under this general
principle : words are purposely exchanged for
others of a similar sound, because the latter are
supposed to recover a lost meaning.

I have by me several examples which I will
send you if you think the subject worth pursuing.

J.O.B.

"VVicken.

" Good wine needs no bush " (Vol. viii., p. C07.).
— The custom of hanging out bushes of ivy,
boughs of trees, or bunches of flowers, at private
houses, as a sign that good cheer may be had
within, still prevails in the city of Gloucester at
the fair held at Michaelmas, called Barton Fair,
from the locality ; and at the three " mops," or
hiring fair*, on the three Mondays following, to
indicate that ale, beer, cider, &c. are there sold,
on the strength (I believe) of an ancient privilege
enjoyed by the inhabitants of that street to sell
liquors, without the usual license, during the fair.

BROOKTHORrE.

Three Fleurs-de-Lys (Vol. ix., p. 35.). — In
reply to the Query of Devoniensis, I would say
that many families of his own county bore fleurs-
de-lys in their coat armour, in the forms of two
and one, and on a bend; also that the heraldic
writers, Robson and Burke, assign a coat to the
family of Baker charged with three fleurs-de-lys
on a fesse. The Devon family of Velland bore,
Sable, a fesse argent, in chief three fleurs-de-lys of
the last ; but whether these bearings were ever
placed fesse-wise, or, as your querist terms it, in a
horizontal line, I am not sure. J. D. S.

If Devoniensis will look at the arms of Mag-
dalen College, Oxford, he will there find the three
fleurs-de-lys in a line in the upper part of the
shield. A. B.

Athena?um.

Portrait of Plowden (Vol. ix., p. 56.). — A por-
trait of Plowden (said to have been taken from
his monument in the Temple Church) is prefixed
to the English edition of his Reports, published in
1761. J. G.

Exon.

St. Stephen's Day and Mr. Riley s " Hoveden "
(Vol. viii., p. 637.). — The statement of this feast
being observed prior to Christmas must have

114

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

arisen from the translator not being conversant
with the technical terras of the Ecclesiastical Ca-
lendar, in which, as the greater festivals are cele-
brated with Octaves, other feasts falling during
the Octave are said to be under (infra) the
greater solemnity. Thus, if Mr. Warden will
consult the Ordo Reciiandi Officii Divini for 1834,
he will see that next Sunday, the 8th inst., stands
" Dom inf. Oct.," i. e. of the Epiphany, and that
the same occurs on other days during the year.

May I point out an erratum in a Query inserted
some time since (not yet replied to), regarding a
small castle near Kingsgate, Thanet, the name of
which is printed Aix Ruochim ; it should be Arx
Ruochim. A. O. H.

Blackheath.

Death Warnings in Ancient Families (Vol. ix.,
p. 55.). — A brief notice of these occurrences, with
references to works where farther details may be
met with, would form a very remarkable record
of events which tend to support one's belief in
the truth of the remark of Hamlet :

" There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,
Than are dreamt of in our philosophy."

A drummer is stated to be heard in C

Castle, the residence of the Earl and Countess of
A., " going about the house playing his drum,
whenever there is a death impending in the
family." This warning is asserted to have been
given shortly before the decease of the Earl's first
wife, and preceded the death of the next Countess
about five or six months. Mrs. Crowe, in her
Night Side of Nature, observes hereupon :

" I have heard that a paper was found in her (the
Countess's) desk after her death, declaring her convic-
tion that the drum was for her."

Whenever a little old woman visits a lady of the
family of G. of R., at the time of her confinement,
when the nurse is absent, and strokes down the
clothes, the patient (says Mrs. Crowe), "never
does any good, and dies." Another legend is, that
a single swan is always seen on a particular lake
close to the mansion of another family before a
death. Then, Lord Littleton's dove is a well-
known incident. And the lady above quoted
speaks of many curious warnings of death by the
appearance of birds, as well as of a spectral black
dog, which visited a particular family in Cornwall
immediately before the death of any of its mem-
bers. Having made this Note of a few more
cases of death warnings, I will end with a Query
in the words of Airs. Crowe, who, after detailing
the black dog apparition, asks : " if this pheno-
menon is the origin of the French phrase bete
noire, to express an annoyance, or an augury of
evil ? " Jas. J. Scott.

Hampstead.

" The Secunde Personne of the Trinitie" (Vol.ix.,
p. 56.). — I think it is Hobart Seymour who
speaks of some Italians of the present day as con-
sidering the Three Persons of the Trinity to be
the Father, the Virgin, and the Son. J. P. O.

MitittTlmcaxtg.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Mr. Wright's varied antiquarian acquirements, and
his untiring zeal, are too well known to require recog-
nition from us. We may therefore content ourselves with
directing attention to his Wanderings of an Antiquary,
chiefly upon the Traces of the Romans in Britain, which
has just been published, and of which the greater part
has appeared in a series of papers under the same title
in the Gentleman's Magazine. It is intended to fur-
nish, in a popular form, a few archaeological truths
which may foster a love of our national antiquities
among those who are less likely to be attracted by dry
dissertations : and its gossiping character and pretty
woodcuts are well calculated to promote this object.

This endeavour to make the study of antiquities
popular, naturally calls our attention to a small and
very agreeable volume on the subject of what Brand
designated Popular Antiquities. We refer to the last
volume of Bohn's Illustrated Library. It is from the
pen of Mary Howitt, and is entitled the Pictorial
Calendar of the Seaso?is, exhibiting the Pleasures, Pur-
suits, and Characteristics of Country Life for every
Month of the Fear, and embodying the whole of Aikin's
Calendar of Nature. It is embellished with upwards
of one hundred engravings on wood ; and what the
authoress says of its compilation, viz. that it was "like
a walk through a rich summer garden," describes
pretty accurately the feelings of the reader. But, as
we must find some fault, where is the Index ?

We have received from Birmingham a work most
creditable to all concerned in its production, and which
will be found of interest to such of our readers as
devote their attention to county or family history. It
is entitled A History of the Holtes of Aston, Baronets,
with a Description of the Family Mansion, Aston Hall,
Warwickshire, by Alfred Davidson, with Illustrations
from Drawings by Allan E. Everitt ; and whether we
regard the care with which Mr. Davidson has executed
the literary portion of the work, the artistic skill of
the draughtsman, or the manner in which the publisher
has hrought it out, we may safely pronounce it a
volume well deserving the attention of topographers
generally, and of Warwickshire topographers in especial.

Books Received. — Folious Appearances; A Con-
sideration on our Ways of lettering Books, Few lovers
of old books and good binding will begrudge half a
florin for this quaint opuscule. — Indications of Instinct,
by T. Lindley Kemp, the new number of the Tra-
veller's Library, is an interesting supplement to Dr.
Kemp's former contribution to the same series, The
Natural History of Creation. — We record, for the in-
formation of our meteorological friends, the receipt of
a Daily Weather Journal for the Year 1853, kept at Is-
lington by Mr. Simpson.

Feb. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

115

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Establishment of the Turks in Europe. By Lord John
Russell.

Of Sir Walter Scott's Novels, without the Notes, Constable's
Miniature Edition: Anne of Geierstein, Betrothed, Castle
Dangerous, Count Robert of Paris, Fair Maid of Perth, High-
land Widow, Red Gauntlet, St. Ronan's Well, Woodstock,
Surgeon's Daughter, and Talisman.

*-• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mh. Bell. Publisher of " NOTKS AND
QUERIES," 1R6. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe. Vol. I. Edited

by Rev. S. Cattley. Seeley and Burnside.
Voltairk's Works. Vol.1. Translated by Smollett. Francklin,

London, 1761.
Ecclesiologist. Vol. V. In Numbers or unbound.

Wanted by E. Hailstone, Horton Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire.

Penny Cyclopedia, from Part CVII. inclusive, to the end.

Wanted by Rev. F. N. Mills, 11 . Cunningham Place, St. John's
Wood.

Birch's Gallery of Antiquities. Parts I. and II.
Burton's Excerpta Hieroglyphica.
Wilkinson's Materia Hieroglyphica.

Wanted by Prichard, Roberts, #j Co., Booksellers, Chester.

Genuine and Impartial Mrmoirs of the Life and Charac-
ter of Charles Ratcliffe, wrote by a gentleman of the
family, Mr. Eyre, to prevent the Public being imposed on by
any erroneous or partial accounts to the prejudice of this un-
fortunate gentleman. London : printed for the Proprietor, and
sold by E. Cole. 1746.

Wanted by Mr. Douglas, 16. Russell Square, London.

fiatiw! to €arrtg$aiitstntfl.

Col. Charteris or Chartres. — Our Correspondent who in-
quires for particulars respecting this monster of depravity is
referred to Pope's Works, edit. 1736, voL ii. p. 24. of the Ethic
Epistles. Also to the following works : The History of Col.
Francis Charteris from his Birth to his present Catastrophe in
Newgate, ito. 1730; Memoirs of the Life and Actions of Col.

Ch s, 8»o. 1730 ; Life of Col. Don Francisco, with a wood-cut

portrait of Col. Charteris or Chartres, 8vo.

N. On the " Sun's rays putting out the fire" see Vol. vii.,
pp. 285. 345. 439.

R. V. T. An excellent tract may be had for a few pence on
The History of Pews, a paper read before the Cambridge Camden
Society, 1841 : see also " N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 56., and Vol. viii.,
p. 127.

C. K. P. (Bishop's Stortford). We candidly admit that your
results upon waxed paper are much like our own, for no certainty
has at present attended our endeavours. If the paper is made
sensitive, then it behaves exactly as yours has done ; and if, follow-
ing other formulae, weuse a less sensitive paper, then the exposure
is so long and tedious that we are not anxious to pursue Photo-
graphy in so "slow a phase." Why not adopt and abide by the
simplicity of the calotype process as given in a late Number t In
the writer's possession we have seen nearly a hundred consecutive
negatives without a failure.

W. S. P. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne). Filtered rain-water is far
the best to use in making your iodized paper. The appearances
which you describe in all probability depend upon the different
sheets resting too firmly upon one another, so that the water has
not free and even access to the whole sheet.

H. J. (Norwich). Turner's paper is now quite a precarious
article ; a specimen which has come to us of his recent make is
full of spots, and the negative useless. Tvwgood's is admirable for
positives, but it does not appear to do well for itdizing. We hope
to be soon able to say something cheering to Photographers upon
a good paper !

Errata. — Mr. P. H. Fisher wishes to correct an error in his
article on " The Court-house at Painswick," Vol. viii., p. 596.,
col. 2., for " The lodge, an old wooden house," read " stone
house." Also in his article in Vol. ix., p. 8., col. 2., for " Rev.
— Hook," read " Rev. — Stock."

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

Just published, in 8vo., price 1».

TRES BREVES TRACT ATUS.
De Primis Episcopis. S. Petri Alexan-
drini Episcoi>i Fragmenta queedam. S. Irenau
Illustrate 'PH2IZ, in qua Ecelesia Romana
commemoratur. Reeensuit MARTIMTJS JO-
SEPHTJS ROUTH, S.T.P., Collegii S. Mag-
daleme, Oxon. Praeses.

Oxonii: apud JOHANNEM HENRICTJM
PARKER.

TFHE PENNY POST for FEB-

_i_ RTJARY, with Illustrations, contains : _
1. The Escape of the Empress Maude from
Oxford Cnstle. 2. God's Children : Scenes
from the Lives of Two Young Christians. 3.
Readings for Septuagesima Sunday : The
Formation of Eve. 4. The Mammoth. S.Bra-
zilian Sketches. 6. True Stories of my Younger
Days : No. I. The Landslip. 7. Reason and
Instinct. 8. Birds, Bees, and Flowers. 9.
Poetry : Hymn ; Five Couplets ; Church
Ornaments. 10. The Post-bag. 11. New Books.

Also,

THE TWOPENNY POST for

FEBRUARY.
JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford ; and
377. Strand, London.

Price One Shilling.

THE NATIONAL MISCEL-
LANY for FEBRUARY contains —
I. Dedications of Books ; II. Sevastopol ;
III. A Chapter of History as it might have
been ; IV. The " Petite Socur des Pauvres ; "
V. Verse-making in the Olden Time ; VI. Our
Literary Friends ; VII. Invalids j VIII. Life
of Theodoric the Great, King of Italy ; IX.
Notices ; X. Poetry.

At the Office, a1. Exeter Street, Strand,
London.

1WTEAR MONMOUTH.— To be

_Ll LET on LEASE, from the 1st of May,
the TUMP HOUSE, about two miles from
Monmouth, beautifully situate on a declivity,
above the Monnow, celebrated for its trout
fishing. The residence, which is suitable for a
highly respectable family, contains dining-
room, drawing-room, library, six best bed-
rooms, and four servants' rooms, with all ne-
cessary offices, coach-house, stabling for six
horses, convenient farm buildings, with good
pleasure and kitchen gardens, and about 27
acres of prime meadow and orchard land,
stocked with fruit-trees. It is approached by a
private bridge, with lodge, from the village of
Rockfield, and a right of shooting over about
1200 acres adjoining will be granted. In the
season a pack of fox-hounds constantly meet
in the adjacent covers. — For particulars apply
to MESSRS. SNELL, Albemarle Street ; or
to J. W. PEPPERCORNE, ESQ., Oatlands
House, near Chertsey.

s

EAR WEYBRIDGE. — To be

LET, FURNISHED or on LEASE,
WQODLAWN HOUSE, containing handsome
dining and drawing-room, library, servants'
hall, and fifteen other rooms, coach-house and
stabiing for eight horses, pleasure and kitchen
garden, fish-pond, orchard, &c, beautifully
situate on a gravelly soil, near St. George s
Hill, and about a mile from the Railway Sta-
tions of Walton and Weybridge. Also a Cot-
tage Residence, containing thirteen rooms,
dairy, small conservatory, coach-house, sta-
bling, pleasure and kitchen gardens Apply

to MESSRS. SNELL, Albemarle Street, or to
J. W. PEPPERCORNE, ESQ., 2. Exchange
Buildings, London.

THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for
FEBRUARY, price Is. Qd. , contains :—

1. Burton's History of Scotland, from the Re-

volution.

2. Gosse's Naturalist's Ramble on the Devon-

shire Coast.

3. Baumgarten on the Acts of the Apostles.

4. Professor Silliman — a new Phase in Ameri-

can Life.

5. Journals and Correspondence of Thomas

Moore.

6. History and Resources of Turkey.

7. The Dignity of the Pulpit.

Review of the Month, Short Notices, &c.

THE HOMILIST for JANU-

ARY, 1854, price Is. (commencing Vol. III.)
contains, among other Articles :

1. The Theory of True Progress.

2. The Absolute in Truth.

3. The Prophet's Dream.

4. Judas ; or, Truth sold for Money.

5. Caiaphaa ; a Glance at Government, Human

and Divine.

" Certainly one of the most extraordinary
and ably written publications of the day. It
is entirely original, and abounds with sterling
ideas. ... It nteds but to be perused to com-
mend itself to the genuine Christian of every
denomination." — Birmingham Mercury.

WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.

116

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 223.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-

T I RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

S. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1812.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Scairer, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Directors.
IT. E. Bicknell.Esq. I T. Grisscll, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. "

MP.
O. H. Drew. Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustee*.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Ban/eels.— Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring

ion/., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits : —

Age £ s. d. I Age € s. d.

17- - - 1 11 4 I 32- - - 2 10 8

32 - - - 1 18 8 37- - - 2 18 6

27- - - 2 4 5 | 42 - - -382

ARTHUR SCRATCIILEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,

Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6<A, Second Edition,
With material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCIILEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing S:ze,Pr'cc,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
lew Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

"DENNETT'S MODEL

I > WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY. 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
Sruineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Oases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's PocketChronometer.Gold,
.Y) guineas ; Silver. 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 3'., and 4'. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

VIEWS IN LONDON.

STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC
PICTURES.

T>LAND & LONG, 153. FLEET
) STREET. OPTICIANS and PHILO-
SOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, in-
vite attention to their Stock of STEREO-
SCOPES of all Kinds, and in various Materials;
also, to their New and Extensive Assortment
of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the
same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER,
and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PIC-
TURES on GLASS, including Views of
London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These
Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth
in the Representation of Natural Objects, are
unrivalled.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

*** " Familiar Explanation of the Pheno-
mena " sent on Application.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKrN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-

Juirements for the practice of Photography,
nstruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
IIOCKIN. Price Is., per Po-t, Is. *&.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. *c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAME-
RAS. -OTTEWrLL'S REGISTERED
DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
is superior ti every other form of Camera,
for the Photographic Tourist, from its capa-
bility of Elongation or Contraction to any
Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its
adaptation for taking either Views or Por-
traits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tri-
pod Stands, Printing Frames, Ac, may be ob-
tained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte
Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order
or from Drawings.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lanrler and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

Valuable Illustrated Books at Reduced Prices.

ROBERTS' HOLY LAND.
; 250 Plates. 16?. 16s. Published at 41
guineas.

DIGBY WYATT'S INDUS-
TRIAL ARTS OF THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY. 161 Plates. 2 vols, folio, half-
bound morocco. 107. 10s. Publishcdat 17/. 17s.

DIGBY WYATTS METAL

WORK, and its ARTISTIC DESIGN. 50
Plates. Folio, half-bound morooeo. 31. 3s.
Published at 6/. 6s.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised
and corrected. Dedicated by Special Per-
mission to

THE (LATE1 ARCHBISHOP OF
CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR
THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH.
The words selected by the Very Rev. II. H.
MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Pauls. The
Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable
also to Two or One, including Chants for the
Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise System of Cha.nttko, by J. B.
SALE. Musical Instructor and Organist to)
Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth,
price 25s. To be had of Mr. ,T. B. SALE, 21.
Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on
the receipt of a Post-office Order for that
amount : and, by order, of the principal Book-
sellers and Music Warehouses.

" A great advance on the works we have
hitherto had, connected with our Church and
Cathedral Service."— Times.

" A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly un-
equalled in this country."— Literary Gazette.

" One of the best collections of tunes which
we have yet seen. Well merits the distin-
guished patronage under which it appears." —
Musical World.

" A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
with a system of Chanting of a very superior
character to any which has hitherto appeared."
— John Bull.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS,

COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as per-
formed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.

C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. S.ho
Square (established A.n. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every "instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age: — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Roval Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a rcher and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, omnloir. or drawing-room. (Signed)
,1. L. Abel, F. Benedict, IT. It. Bishop, J. Flew-
itt, J. Brizzi. T. P. Chipp, P. D.lavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover. Henri Hcrz. E. Harrison, If. F. nas3<f-.
J. L. Hattou, Catherine Haves, W. II. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmurk, E. Land. G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Lcffler. E. J. Loder, W. II.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, n. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbiult, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sinn Reeves. J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. II. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO.. 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stoncfield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London t and published by Geohuk Beil. of No. 186. Flees Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No, 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.— Saturday, February 1. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 224.]

Saturday, February 11. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, 5^-

CONTENTS.

-Notes : — Page

Eliminate, by C. Mansfield Inglcby - 119
Cranmer's Bible - - - - 1 19

Sovereigns Dining and Supping in

Public - - - - - 120

Parallel Ideas from Poets, bv Norris

Deck - - - - - 121

The great Alphabetic Psalm, and the

Songs of Degrees, by T. J. Buekton - 121

Minor Notes : — Inscription on a
Grave-stone in Whittlebury Church-
yard, Northampt raihire — Epitaph
on Sir Henry St. George — Newton
and Milton — Eternal Life — Inscrip-
tions in Books — Churchill's Grave - 122

■Queries : —

Coronation Stone - - - - 123

Old Mereworth Castle, Kent - - 121

Minor Queries: — "I could not love
thee, dear, so much" — Leicester as
Ranger of Snowden — Crabb of Tels-
ford — Tolling the Bell while the
Congregation is leaving Church —
O'Brien of Thosmond — Order of St.
David of Wales — Warple-way —
Purlet — Liveries, Red and Scarlet —
Dr. Bragge — Chauncy, or Chancy —
Plaster Casts— suepa— Dogs in Monu-
mental Brasses - - - - 125

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Marquis of Granby — " Memorials
of English Affairs," &c — Standing
when the Lord's Prayer is read —
Hypocrisy, &c. - - - - 127

" Consilium Novem Delectorum Cardi-

nalium," &c., by B. B. Woodward - 127

John Bunyan, by George Offor - - 129

The Asteroids, &c, by .1. Wm. Harris - 129

Caps at Cambridge, by C. H. Cooper - 130
Russia, Turkey, and the Black Sea, by

John Macray - - - - 132
High Dutch and Low Dutch, by Pro-
fessor Goedes de Grtlter - - 132

-Photographic Correspondence: — The
Calotype on the Sea-shore - - 134

Replies to Minor Queries: — Ned o*
the Todding — Hour-glasses and In-
scriptions on Old Pulpits — Table-
turning— "Firm was their faith" —
The Wilbraham Cheshire MS. _
Mousehunt — Begging the Question

— Termination " -by " — German
Tree — Celtic Etymology — Recent
■Curiosities of Literature — D. O. M.

— Dr. John Taylor — Lines attributed
to Hudibras — " Corporations have no
Souls," &c. — Lord Mayor of London

a Privy Councillor — Booty's Case

"Sat cito, si sat bene"— Celtic and
Latin Languages — Brydone the Tour-
ist's Birth-place - 135

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. - - - 138

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 138
Notices to Correspondents - -139

Vol. IX No. 224.

SCIENTIFIC RECREATION FOR YOUTH
—EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG
EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S
Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories,
is. 6(1., 7s. fid-, 10s. 6tf., 21s., 31s. 6cf., 42s., 63s.,
and upwards. Book of Experiments, (W. "Il-
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue " forwarded
Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Che-
mist, 29c. Rotherfield Street, Islington,
Loudon, and of Chemists and Opticians
everywhere.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
—THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is
now open at the Gallery of the Society of
British Artists, Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, in the
Morning from 10 a.m. to half-past 4 p.m., and
in the Evening from 7 to 10 p.m. Admission Is.
Catalogue 6<J.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION. - An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebrated French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of Furop?, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent
Process, One Guinea ; Two extra Copies for
10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BOND STREET.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
trated CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Beddine Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the JIANU-
FACTORY,65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's PocketChronometer.Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and 4i. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

TEGG'S CHRONOLOGY.

In One handsome Volume, post 8vo., cloth,
price 9s.

TEGG'S DICTIONARY OF
CHRONOLOGY ; or. Historical and
Statistical Kegister, from the Birth of Christ to
the Present Tune. Fifth Edition, revised and
improved.

Xondon i WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

This Day, 8vo., price 3s.

OXFORD REFORM, AND
OXFORD PROFESSORS : a Reply to
certain Objections against the Report of the
Queen's Commissioners. By HENRY HAL-
FORD VAUGHAN, M.A., Regius Professor
of Modern History in the University of Oxford.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, 8vo., 2s. 6(1.

\ SCRIPTURAL INQUIRY

fl into the ELECTION of GRACE, as it
concerns MAN'S CONDITION and PRO-
SPECTS. By JEREMIAH JACKSON, M.A..
Vicar of Elm-cum-Emncth.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

MR. MAURICE'S NEW WORK.
This Day, 8vo., 14s.

THE UNITY OF THE NEW
TESTAMENT : A Synopsis of the first
Tiiree Gospels, and of the Epistles of St. James,
St. Peter, and St. Paul. By FREDERICK
DENISON MAURICE, M.A., Chaplain of
Lincoln's Inn.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West
Strand.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of. and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6cl., is also
reaay.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

\ LL WORKS published under

1\ the Title SCOTT'S POETICAL
WORKS are IMPERFECT and INCOM-
PLETE, unless they bear the Imprint of
ROBERT C ADELL, or ADAM & CHARLES
BLACK, Edinburgh.

AUTHORS EDITION OF

SCOTT'S POETRY, including the Copyright
Poem of the LORD OF THE ISLES, 6 En-
gravings, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.

A. & C. BLACK, Edinburgh.
HOULSTON & STONEMAN, London.

118

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

PUBLISHED BY

GEORGE BELL,

186. FLEET STREET.

PLAIN SERMONS. By the

late REV. EDWARD BLENCOWE. 3 vols.,
fcap. 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d. Each sold separately.

" Their style is simple ; the sentences are
not artfully constructed : and there is an utter
absence of all attempt at rhetoric. The lan-
guage is plain Saxon language, from which
' the men on the wall ' can easily gather what
it most concerns them to know.

"Again, the range of thought is not high
and difficult, but level and easy for the way-
faring man to follow. It is quite evident that
the author's mind was able and cultivated ;
yet, as a teacher to men of low estate, he
makes no display of eloquence or argument.

" In the statements of Christian doctrine,
the reality of Mr. Blencowe's mind is very
striking. There is a strength and a warmth
and a life in his mention of the great truths of
the Gospel, which show that he spoke from the
heart, and that, like the Apostle of old, he
could say, — 'I believe, and therefore have I
spoken.'

" His affectionateness too is no less conspi-
cuous ; this is shown in the gentle, earnest,
kind-hearted tone of every Sermon in the
book. There is no scolding, no asperity of
language, no irritation of manner ab ut them.
At the same time there is no over-strained
tenderness, nor affectation of endearment ; but
there is a considerate, serious concern about
the peculiar sins and temptations of the people
committed to his charge, and a hearty desire
and determined effort for their salvation." —
Theologian.

" Simple, intelligible, and affectionate." —
Church and State Gazette.

"Very stirring and practical."— Christian
Remembrancer.

SERMONS ON THE DOC-
TRINES and the MEANS OF GRACE, and
on the SEVEN WORDS FROM THE CROSS.
By GEORGE TREVOR, M. A., Canon of
York. 12mo., cloth, 6s.

" A volume of excellent, sound sermons, ad-
mirably suited to answer the end for which
they were preached and are published, the pro-
motion of practical piety." — John Bull.

" . . . . The sermons are manly and earnest
in their resolution to look the truth in the face,
and to enforce it against a prejudiced resistance
of which the writer evidently knows but too
much ; and they show, moreover, a true con-
ception of the tone by which that resistance is
to be met." — Scottish Episcopal Journal.

THIRTY SERMONS. By the

REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar of Ec-
clesfield. Second Edition. 12mo., cloth, 8s.

A SECOND SERIES OF SER-

MONS. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.
12mo., 8s., cloth.

" We say willingly of these Sermons, what
we can seldom say of sermons published at the
request of parishioners, that they justify the
respect paid to them, and appear to us in some-
what the same light as we should suppose they
seemed to those who listened to and admired
them. They are sermons of a high and solid
character, and are the production of a good
Churchman. They are earnest and affectionate,
and follow out the Church's doctrine." — T7ieo-
logian.

" Plain and practical, but close and scholarly
discourses." — Spectator.

" Warm-hearted and thoughtful." — Guar-
dian.

THE VICAR AND HIS DU-
TIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV.
A. GATTY. 12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece,
2». 6d.

" As much a true effigy, though taken with
pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty had put that ca-

£ital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before
is camera. To the many friends of Dr. Uook
this little volume will be deeply interesting."—
Notes and Queries.

MESSRS. UPHAM & BEETE
(late RODWELL), 46. NEW BOND
STKEET. have just issued TWO NEW
CATALOGUES, consisting of MISCELLA-
NEOUS LITERATURE, TOPOGRAPHY,
COUNTY HISTOR V &c, which may be had
on Application, or will be sent by PoBt, on the
Receipt of Two Stamps.

GREAT. TRUTHS FOR
THOUGHTFUL HOURS. - (Preli-
minary)— HUMAN HAPPINESS ; an Essay.
18mo. Is. 6d. By C. B. ADDERLEY,
ESQ., M.P.

" Labour, if it were unnecessary to the exist •
ence, would be necessary to the happiness, of
men."

No. I. — THE GRAND DIS-

COVERY : or. the Fatherhood of God. By
the REV. GEORGE GILFILLAN, Dundee.
18mo. Is. 61.

BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.

Now ready.

NORTH BRITISH REVIEW.
No. XL. FEBRUARY. Price 6s.
Contents :
I. THE TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE.
II. EXKGETICAL STUDY AT THE
ENGLISH UNIVERSITIES. CO-
NYBEARE AND HOWSON ON
ST. PAUL.

III. NATIONAL MUSIC.

IV. UNIVERSITY REPRESENT-

ATION.
V. HERODOTUS.
VI. STRUGGLES AND TENDENCIES
OF GKRMAN PROTESTANTISM.
VII. ARAGO : HIS LIFE AND DIS-
COVERIES.
VIII. BOTANICAL GEOGRAPHY.
IX. THE WAR IN THE EAST, AND
ITS POLITICAL CONTINGEN-
CIES.

Edinburgh : W. P. KENNEDY.

London : HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO.

Dublin : J. McGLASHAN.

PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.

One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth,

price 6s.

THE ETYMOLOGICAL COM-
PENDIUM ; or, PORTFOLIO OF
ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS : relating to

Language, Literature, and Government.

Architecture and Sculpture.

Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Disco-
veries.

Articles of Dress, &c.

Titles Dignities, &c.

Names, Trades, Professions.

Parliament, Laws, &c.

Universities and Religious Sects.

Epithets and Phrases.

Remarkable Customs.

Games, Field Sports.

Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.

Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.

By WILLIAM PULLEYN.
The Third Edition, revised and improved.

By MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.
" The additions to this book indicate the

editor to be his father's own son. He deals in

folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular

sayings, and has an eye to all things curious

and note-worthy. The book tells everything."

— Gentleman's Magazine.
" The book contains a vast amount of curious

information and useful memoranda." — Lite-
rary Gazette.
" An invaluable manual of amusement and

information.' " — Morning Chronicle.
" This is a work of great practical usefulness.

It is a Notes and Queries in miniature. . . .

The revision which the present edition of it has

undergone has greatly enhanced its original

value." — Era.

London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

WORKS

BY THE

REV. DR. MAITLAND.

THE DARK AGES; heing a

Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the
State of RELIGION and LITERATURE in
the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries. Re-
printed from the " British Magazine," with
Corrections, and some Additions ; uniformly
with the present Volume. Third Edition.
\0s.6d.

ESSAYS on Subjects connected

with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND.
Reprinted, with Additions, from the " British
Magazine." 13s.

ERUVIN ; or MISCELLA-
NEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with
the NATURE, HISTORY, and DESTINY
of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s.

EIGHT ESSAYS on various

Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. Gd.

A LETTER to the REV. DR.

MILL, containing some STRICTURES on
MR. FABEK'S recent Work, entitled "The
Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses." 8vo.
Is. 6d.

THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM.

New Edition. Small 8vo. 5s. 6d.

NOTES on the CONTRIBU-
TIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND,
M.A., Canon of Durham, to the New Edition
of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three
Parts : 1 . On the Memoir of I'ox, ascribed to
his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Histo-
rical Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. 6d.

REMARKS on the REV. S. R.

CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of
F OX'S MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

TWELVE LETTERS ON

FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Re-
printed from the " British Magazine." 8vo. 6s.

A REVIEW of FOX'S HIS-
TORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. Is. U.

A LETTER to the REV.

HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to
His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury ; with
STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH
HISTORY. 8vo. ls.Gd.

A SECOND LETTER to the

REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE. B.D. ; con-
taining NOTES on MILNER'S HISTORY
of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CEN-
TURY. 8vo. 2s. 6rf.

A LETTER to the REV. JOHN

KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church,
Hull ; occasioned by his PAMPHLET, en-
titled " Maitland not authorised to censure
Milner." 8vo. 2s. Gel.

REMARKS on that Part of the

REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled
" Maitland not authori-ed to ctnsure Milner,"
which relates to the WALDENSES, includ-
ing a Replv to the REV. G. S. FABER'S
SUPPLEMENT, entitled "Reinerius and
Maitland." 8vo. 2s. 6d.

An INDEX of such ENGLISH

BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are
now in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth.
8vo. 4s.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.

Feb. 11.1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

119

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1854.

ELIMINATE.
(Vol. V., p. 317.)

" N. & Q." has from time to time done much
good service by holding up to reprobation modern
and growing corruptions of the English language.
I trust that its columns may be open to one more
attempt to rescue from abuse the word which
stands at the head of this article.

Its signification, whether sought from Latin
usage and etymology, or from the works of English
mathematicians, is "to turn out of doors," "to
oust," or, as we say in the midland counties, " to
get shut of." In French it may be rendered as
well by se defaire as by eliminer. Within the
last seven or eight years, however, this valuable
spoil of dead Latinity has been strangely per-
verted, and, through the ignorance or carelessness
of writers, it has bidden fair to take to itself two
significations utterly distinct from its derivation,
viz. to " elicit," and to " evaluate." The former
signification, if less vicious, is more commonly
used than the latter. I append examples of both
from three of the most elegant writers of the day.
In the third extract the word under consideration
is used in the latter sense ; in the other extracts it
carries the former.

Lectures on the Philosophical Tendencies of the
Age, by J. D. Morrell, London, 1848, p. 41. :

" Had the men of ancient times, when they peopled
the universe with deities, a deeper perception of the
religious element in the mind, than had Newton, when
having eliminated the great law of the natural creation,
his enraptured soul burst forth into the infinite and
adored ? "

I take one more illustration (among many
others) from pp. 145, 146. of this work :

" It would not be strictly speaking correct to call
them philosophical methods, because a philosophical
method only exists when any tendency works itself
clear, and gives rise to a formal, connected, and logical
system of rules, by which we are to proceed in the
elimination of truth."

The Eclipse of Faith, by Professor Kogers,
London, 1852, p. 392. :

" They are now at college, and have imbibed in
different degrees that curious theory which professedly
recognises Christianity (as consigned to the New Tes-
tament) as a truly divine revelation, yet asserts that it
is intermingled with a large amount of error and ab-
surdity, and tells each man to eliminate the divine
♦ element * for himself. According to this theory, the
problem of eliciting revealed truth may be said to be
indeterminate, the value of the unknown varies through

all degrees of magnitude; it is equal to any thing,
equal to every thing, equal to nothing, equal to in-
finity."

Theological Essays, by F. D. Maurice, Cam-
bridge, 1853, p. 89. :

" Let us look, therefore, courageously at the popular
dogma, that there are certain great ideas floating in
the vast ocean of traditions which the old world ex-
hibits to us, that the gospel appropriated some of
these, and that we are to detect them and eliminate
them from its own traditions."

But for the fact that such writers have given
the weight of their names to so unparalleled a
blunder, it would seem almost childish to occupy
the columns of a literary periodical with exposing
it. It is, however, somewhat singular that it
should be principally men of classical attainments
who perpetrate it. In my under-graduate days at
Cambridge, the proneness of " classical men " to
commit the blunder in question was proverbial.

In conclusion, then, let it be remembered that
the word " eliminate " obtained general currency
from the circumstance of its being originally ad-
mitted into mathematical works. In such works
elimination signifies the process of causing a
function to disappear from an equation, the so-
lution of which would be embarrassed by its pre-
sence there. In other writings the word " elimi-
nation " has but one correct signification, viz. " the
extrusion of that which is superfluous or irrele-
vant." As an example of this legitimate use of the
word, I will quote from Sir William Hamilton's
accurate, witty, and learned article on " Logic,"
published in the Edinburgh Review, April, 1833 :

" The preparatory step of the discussion was, there-
fore, an elimination of these less precise and appropriate
significations, which, as they could at best only afford
a remote genus and difference, were wholly incompe-
tent for the purpose of a definition."

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.

CEANMER S BIBLE.

Queries which I have heard at various times
lead me to think that a Note on this interesting
volume may be acceptable to many readers who
possess or have access to it ; and especially to
those whose copies may be (as too many are)
imperfect at the beginning and end. Under this
impression I send you an extract from the late
Mr. Lea Wilson's catalogue of his unrivalled Col-
lection of English Bibles. As very few copies of
this curious and beautiful work were printed, and
not one, I believe, has been sold, it is probable
that few of your readers are aware of the criteria
which that gentleman's ingenuity and industry
have furnished for distinguishing between the

120

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

various editions which are known under the title
of The Great Bible, or Cranmer's Bible. He
begins his description of the edition of April,
1539, thus :

" As this volume is commonly called the First Edi-
tion of Cranmer's or the Great Bible, I class it with
the Six following; although in fact the Archbishop
had nothing whatever to do with either the translation
or publication. It was put forth entirely by Thomas
Lord Cromwell, vide Herbert's Amen, p. 1 550. vol. iii.,
who employed Coverdale to revise the existing trans-
lations. The first wherein Cranmer took any part is
the large folio of April 1549, the text of which differs
from this edition materially. The pages of this volume
and of the four next following begin and end alike ;
and the general appearance of the whole five is so very
similar that at first sight, one may be mistaken for
another by those ignorant of the fact that they are all
separate and distinct impressions : the whole of the
titles, of which there are five in each Book, and every
leaf of kalendar, prologue, text, and tables being en-
tirely recomposed, and varying throughout in ortho-
graphy, &c. The desire to make perfect copies out of
several imperfect, has also caused extreme confusion, by
uniting portions of different editions without due re-
gard to their identity. These remarks apply equally
to the editions of Nov. 1510, and Nov. 1541, of which,
in like manner, each page begins and ends with the
same words. Although the distinctive marks are
very numerous, yet being chiefly typographical orna-
ments or arrangement, it is impossible to give here suf-
ficient guides to ensure the integrity of each volume."
— Page 12.

On the next page but one is added :

" The following lines of the forty-first chapter of Job
differ in composition in all the seven volumes, and for
■the purpose of distinguishing the edition I have given
•them to each."

No. I. April, 1539.

Mf<9 mi ii £0 rtttelt, that ii able

1 tcf stere htm up. * ££S;j0 te able

« ta s"tauae before me? Or tiuha

B hath geue me anything afore

1 ■ bxntte, that 1 mane retoarbe

i)tm agayne? 311 tbyutrcs" fans

No. 2. April, 1540.

YT6 wait ii ia ciurll, g* is" able

1 to stere ftt up. *ffimho ii able

1 to s"tao"c before me? Or Jtoho

1 hath geueti me any tbtjurr a-

fore hatfe, y* I mane retuars

ire htm agayne ? 8u thymes'

No. 3. July, 1540.

1«t& man ii ia cruell, w' i€ able

1 ta stere ftym up. 'tuba is"

1 able to s"ta'fce before me ? Or

I t &>ho bath qmen me aun

1 1 thyncrc aforeljauife, that t

maye rrtoarae him agayne?

N

No. 4. May, 1541.

O man is" ia rrttell, that it ha*
ble to styrre hym bp. *Bfflftfl ii
bafale to Staube before me? Or
tiofya Tjath rcette me any thing
aforehanbe, tljat S maye re=
bjarbe hym agayue ? 9lu thyu»

No. 5. December, 1541.

O ma ii ia cruel, that is" abTe
to slyrre hym bp. * iKUfja ii
hable to iinxxQ before me? Or
\ vtdjo \>nt\)t gyuen me anyc
tljyuge afore hance, that 5
maye retuarbe hym agayne?

No. 6. November, 1540.

•a v& man ii ia trttell tbat ii able to s*tyr

% hym bp. *U3l)a ii able to stance be*

1 fore me ? Or \ bjha hath geucn me any

1 ■ thynge afore hanbe, tbat 3E maye re*

No. 7. November, 1541.

•mtO man is" ia rruell that ii hable ta

\ sturre hym bp. * £2Hha ii hable ta

1 s'tanbe be'fore me ? Or i tiofya hath rjy=

1 tteu me any thyug afore hanbe, that

Hi maye reujarbe bl'm agaune? 811

I believe the foregoing to be an exact copy of
Mr. Wilson's catalogue, but, of com'se, I cannot
be responsible for the accuracy of his transcripts.
Perhaps none but those who were admitted to his
library ever had an opportunity of comparing to-
gether all those editions ; and nobody would have
done it with more care and fidelity than himself.

S. R. M.

SOVEREIGNS DINING AND STJPriNG IN PUBLIC.

In some observations which I made upon two
or three pictures in Hampton Court Palace, in
Vol. viii., p. 538 , I specified two worthy of notice
on the above subject, and which are the first
instances of such ceremony I have met with. It
has been supposed to have been a foreign custom,
but I do not find any traces of it upon record.*

[* The custom was observed at a much earlier
period; for we find that King Edward II. and his
queen Isabella of France kept their court at West-
minster during the Whitsuntide festival of 1317 : and
on one occasion, as they were dining in public in the
great banqueting-hall, a woman in a mask entered on
horseback, and riding up to the royal table, delivered
a letter to King Edward, who, imagining that it con-
tained some pleasant conceit or elegant compliment,
ordered it to be opened and read aloud for the amuse-
ment of his courtiers ; but, to his great mortification,
it was a cutting satire on his unkingly propensities,
setting forth in no measured terms all the calamities

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

121

One can easily imagine that the fastueux Louis
XIV. Avould have no objection to such display,
and that his mistresses, as well as queen, would
be of the party, when we read, that in the royal
progresses two of the former were scandalously
paraded in the same carriage with his queen. To
this immoral exhibition, indeed, public opinion
seemed to give no check, as we read, that " les
pcuples accouraient 'pour voir,' disaient-ils, 'les
trois reines,' " wherever they appeared together.
Of these three queens, the true one was Marie-
Therese : the two others were La Marquise de
Montespan and Mme. de la Valliere. But to re-
turn to my subject. I find by the London Gazette,
No. G091. of Sept. 4, 1722, that Geo. I., in his
progress to the west of England, supped in public
at the Bishop's (Dr. Richard Willis) palace at
Salisbury on Wednesday, Aug. 29, 1722 ; and
slept there that night.

The papers of the period of George II. say :

" There was such a resort to Hampton Court on
Sunday, July 14, 1728, to see their Majesties dine,
that the rail surrounding the table broke ; and causing
some to fall, made a terrible scramble for hats, &c, at
which their Majesties laughed heartily."

And, —

" On Thursday, the 25th of the same month, it is
stated, the concourse to see their Majesties dine in
public at Hampton Court was exceedingly great. A
gang of robbers (the swell-mob of that day ?) had
mixed themselves among the nobility and gentry;
several gold watches being lost, besides the ladies'
gown tails and laced lappets cut off in number."

And again :

" On Sunday, 15th September, 1728, their Majesties
dined together in public at Windsor (as they will con-
tinue to do every Sunday and Thursday during their
stay there), when all the country people, whether in or
out of mourning, were permitted to see them."

Besides those three occasions of George II. and
Queen Caroline dining in public, we have another
recorded attended with some peculiar circum-*
stances, as mentioned in the London Gazette,
No. 7623. of Tuesday, Aug. 2, 1737 :

" The 31st ult. being Sunday, their Majesties, the
Prince and Princess of Wales, and the Princesses Amelia
and Caroline, went to chapel at Hampton Court, and
heard a sermon preached by the Rev. Dr. Blomer.
Their Majesties, and the rest of the royal family, dined
afterwards in public as usual before a great number of

which his misgovernment had brought upon England.
The woman was immediately taken into custody, and
confessed that she had been employed by a certain
knight. The knight boldly acknowledged what he
had done, and said, " That, supposing the King would
read the letter in private, lie took that method of ap-
prising him of the complaints of his subjects." — Strick-
land's Queens of England, vol. i. p. 487.— Ed.]

spectators. About seven o'clock that evening, the
Princess of Wales was taken with some slight symptoms
of approaching labour, and was removed to St. James's ;
where, a little after eleven, she was delivered of a
princess."

This was the Princess Augusta, who was married
to the Prince of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel. <p.

Richmond.

PARALLEL IDEAS FROM POETS.

Longfellow and Tennyson :

" And like a lily on a river floating,
She floats upon the river or' his thoughts."

Spanish Student, Act II. Sc. 3.

u Now folds the lily all her sweetness up,
And slips into the bosom of the lake ;
So fold thyself, my dearest, thou, and slip
Into my bosom and be lost in me."

Princess, Part vii.
Wordsworth and Keble :

" A book, upon whose leaves some chosen plants
By his own hand disposed with nicest care,
In undecaying beauty were preserved ; —
Mute register, to him, of time and place,
And various fluctuations in the breast;
To her, a monument of faithful love
Conquered, and in tranquillity retained !"

Excursion, Book vi.

" Like flower-leaves in a precious volume stor'd,
To solace and relieve
Some heart too weary of the restless world."
Christian Fear ; Prayers to be used at Sea.

Moore and Keble :

" Now by those stars that glance
O'er Heaven's still expanse,
Weave we our mirthful dance,
Daughters of Zea ! "

Evenings in Greece.

" Beneath the moonlight sky,
The festal warblings flow'd,
Where maidens to the Queen of Heaven
Wove the gay dance."
Christian Year : Eighth Sunday after Trinity.

Norris Deck.
Cambridge.

THE great alphabetic psalm, and the songs

OF DEGREES.

In attempting to discover a reason for the di-
vision of Psalm cxix. into twenty-two portions of
eight verses each, instead o*f seven or ten, the more
favourite numbers of the Hebrew, I have thought
that, as the whole Psalm is chiefly laudatory of the
Thorah, or Law of Moses, and was written alpha-
betically for the instruction mainly of the younger
people, to be by them committed to memory, a

122

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

didactic reason might exist for making up the
total number of 176 verses, peculiar to this Psalm.
Adverting then to the necessity, for the purposes
of Jewish worship, of ascertaining the periods of
the new moons, to adjust the year thereby, I find
that a mean lunation, as determined by the latest
authorities, is very nearly 29*5306 days (29d. 12h.
44m.) ; and as the Jewish months were lunar, six
of these would amount to I77d. 4h. 24m., being
somewhat more than one over the number of
verses in this Psalm. As lunations, from ob-
servation, vary from 29d. 7h. 32m. to 29d. 18h.
50m., the above was a very close approximation
to the half-year. The other half of the year would
vary a whole lunation (Veadar) betwixt the or-
dinary and the intercalary year.* This was, at
least, the best possible combination of twenty-two
letters for such purpose. This Psalm might then
have answered some of the purposes of an almanac.
It is a very important one in fixing the Hebrew
metres, the initial letter being the same for every
eight verses in succession.

The words at the commencement of Psalms cxx.
to cxxxiv., rendered " Song of Degrees," appear
to me to signify rather " song of ascents," in re-
ference to the Jewish practice of ascending to the
house-top to watch and pray, as well as to sleep.
If it be assumed that these fifteen Psalms were ap-
propriated for domestic use on the Jew retiring,
by ascending the ladder or stairs, to the upper
part or top of the house (Ps. cxxxii. 3.), the
meaning of several passages will be better appre-
hended, I conceive, than by supposing that they
were composed solely for temple use, or, as Eich-
horn thinks, to be sung on a journey. Standing
on the house-top, the praying Jew, like David and
Solomon, would have in view heaven and earth
(cxxi. 2., cxxiii. 1.), the sun and moon (cxxi. 6),
the surrounding hills (cxxi. 1.) and mountains
(cxxv. 2.), the gates and city of Jerusalem
(cxxii. 2. 3. 7.), Mount Zion (cxxv. 1.), the watch-
men on the walls (cxxvii. 1., cxxx. 6.), his wife
and children at home (cxxviii. 3., cxxxi. 2.), the
mower bringing in his sheaves, compared with the
grass on the house-tops (cxxix. 6 — 8.), all subjects
especially noted in these fifteen Psalms. The
number eight appears to be a favourite one in
these, as well as in Psalm cxix., but there is no
reason to believe that such number refers to the
octave in music. It may refer, however, to the
number of stairs or steps of ascent. I am not
aware that the above views have been previously
taken, which is my reason for calling attention to
this interesting and well-debated subject.

T. J. BlTCKTON.

* Their shortest ordinary year consisted of 353, and
its half of 176£ days. The Mahometan ordinary half-
year consists of 177 days. The calendar months of
both Jews and Mahometans consist of 29 and 30 days.

i-Htnor $ota$.

Inscription on a Grave-stone in Whittlebury
Churchyard, Northamptonshire. —

" In Memory of John Heath, he dy'd Decbr y8 17th,
1 767. Aged 27 years.
While Time doth run from Sin depart ;
Let none e'er shun Death's piercing dart ;
For read and look, and you will see
A wondrous change was -wrought on me.
For while I lived in joy and mirth
Grim Death came in and stop't my breath:
For I was single in the morning light,
By noon was marri'd, and was dead at night."

H. T. Wake.

Epitaph on Sir Henry St. George, Garter
Principal King of Englishmen [sic in MS.], from
a MS. in the Office of Arms, London (see Bal-
lard MSS., vol. xxix.) :

" Here lie a knight, a king, a saint,
Who lived by tilt and tournament.
His namesake, George, the dragon slew,
But, give the herald king his due,
He could disarm ten thousand men,
And give them arms and shields again.
But now the mighty sire is dead,
Reposing here his hoary head ;
Let this be sacred to the mem'ry
Of Knight St. George and of King Henry."

Balliolensis.

Newton and Milton. — Has it been observed
that Sir Isaac Newton's dying words, so often
quoted, —

" I am but as a child gathering pebbles on the sea-
shore, while the great ocean of truth still lies undisco-
vered before me."

are merely an adaptation of a passage in Paradise
Regained, book iv. :

" Deep versed in books and shallow in himself,
Crude or intoxicate, collecting toys
And trifles for choice matters, worth a sponge,
As children gathering pebbles on the shore."

Anon.

Eternal Life. — In the Mishna (Berachoth,
ch. ix. s. 5.) the doctrine of a future eternal state
is clearly set forth in a passage which is rendered
by De Sola and Baphall :

" But since the Epicureans perversely taught, there
is but one state of existence, it was directed that men
should close their benedictions with the form [Blessed
be the Lord God of Israel] from eternity to eternity."

A like explicit declaration of such future state
occurs again in the Mishna (Sanhedrin, ch.xi. s. 1.).

T. J. Buckton.
Birmingham.

Inscriptions in Boohs. — The following are taken
literatim from the margins of an old black-letter

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

123

Bible. From the numerous errors we may sup-
pose they were copied from dictation by a person
unacquainted with Latin.
" Quanto doctiores tanto te gesas submiseias."

• Forasmuch as yu art ye better learned,

By so much yu must carry thy self more lowly."

** Si deus est animus nobis ut carmina dicunt,
Sic tibi pricipus (bus?) sit pura mente colendus."

* Seing y4 God is, as ye poets say,

A liveing soul, lets worship him alway."

" Tempora (e?) felici multa (i?) numerantur amici,
Cum fortuna perit nulus amicus erit."

" In time of prosperity friends will be plenty,
In time of adversity not one among twenty."

On the title-page, " John Threlkeld's Book : "

" Hujus in dominum cupius (as?) cognescere libri,
Supra prospiscias, noinen habebis ibi."

" Whose booke I am if you would know,
I will to you in letters show."

On the other side :

" Thomas Threlkeld is my name, and for to write . .
. . ing ashame,
And if my pen had bene any better, I would have
mended it every letter."

This last example closely resembles some others
given in a late Number of " N. & Q." J. R. G.
Dublin.

ChurchilTs Grave. — It is not perhaps generally
known, that the author of The Rosciad was buried
in the churchyard of St. Mary, Dover. On a
small moss-covered head-stone is the following
inscription ;

" 1 764.

Here lie the remains of the celebrated

C. Churchill."

" Life to the last enjoy'd,
Here Churchill lies.

Candidate."

The notice is sufficiently brief ; no date, except
the year, nor age being recorded. The biogra-
phers inform us, that he died at Boulogne of a
fever, while on a visit to Wilkes.

The cemetery where his remains are deposited
is in the centre almost of Dover ; and has recently
been closed for the purposes of sepulture, with
the exception of family vaults. Adjoining it is a
small retired burial-place, containing at the most
but two or three graves, and originally belonging
to the Tavenors. Here is the tomb of Captain
Samuel Tavenor, an officer of Cromwell, and,
during his ascendancy, one of the governors of
Deal Castle. Tavenor was a man distinguished
for his courage, integrity, and piety. J. Brent.

OUter terf«

CORONATION STONE.

A few years ago the following tradition was re-
lated to me by a friend, and I should be glad if
any of your correspondents can inform me whether
it is current in any part of Great Britain or Ire-
land, and whether there are any grounds for it.
As it is connected with one of our most interest-
ing national relics, the coronation stone, it may
not prove beneath notice ; and I here give it in
full, shielding myself with the Last Minstrel's
excuse :

" I know not how the truth may be,
But I tell the tale as 'twas told to me."

I must allow that its extreme vagueness, if not
improbability, hardly warrants an inquiry ; but
having failed in obtaining any satisfactory proofs
among my own friends, as a last resource I apply
myself to the columns of your well-known and
useful journal.

When Jacob awoke after his wonderful dream,
as related in Genesis (chap, xxviii.), he said,
" Surely the Lord is in this place, and I knew it
not;" and he was afraid, and said, "How dreadful
is this place. This is none other but the house
of God ; and this is the gate of heaven." He
"took the stone that he had put for his pillow
and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the
top of it. And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If
God will be with me, and will keep me in this
way that I go, and will give me bread to eat and
raiment to put on, so that I come again to my
father's house in peace, then shall the Lord be my
God : and this stone, which I have set for a pillar,
shall be God's house ; and of all that Thou shalt
give me I will surely give the tenth unto Thee."

That stone (so runs the legend) is supposed to
have been taken away from Bethel by the House
of Joseph, when they destroyed the city and its
inhabitants (Judges i.) ; and a tradition, that who-
soever possessed that stone would be especially
blessed, and be king or chief, was current among
the Jews ; the stone itself being guarded by them
with jealous care.

On the first destruction of Jerusalem, some of
the royal family of Judah are supposed to have
escaped, and to have gone in search of an asylum
beyond the sea, taking this precious stone with
them. Their resting-place was Ireland, where
they founded a kingdom. Many centuries after-
wards, a brother of the king descended from these
exiles, named Fergus, went, with his brother's
permission, to found a kingdom in Scotland. He
said, however, he would not go without the sacred
stone. This his brother refused to give him ; but
Fergus stole it, and established a kingdom in
Scotland. His descendants became kings of all
Scotland, and were crowned sitting on that stone,

124

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

which was taken away by Edward I., and is now
in Westminster Abbey.

These are the outlines of this tradition. My
object now is to ask whether any of your corre-
spondents can inform me, first, Whether the Jews
had, or have, any like superstition concerning
Jacob's pillar ; and whether the royal family of
Judah possessed such a stone among their trea-
sures ? Secondly, Whether any Jews are sup-
posed to have settled in Ireland at so early a
period ; and whether (that being the case) there
are now, or were once, proofs of their having done
so, either in the Irish language or in any of the
ancient laws, customs, buildings, &c. of the coun-
try ? Thirdly, Whether the Scoteh believe that
stone to liave come from Ireland ; and whether
that belief in the owner of it being king existed
in Scotland ? and, lastly, Can any of your corre-
spondents, learned in geology, inform me whether
the like kind of stone is to be met with in any
part of the British Isles ? or whether, as the le-
gend runs, a similar kind of stone is found in the
Arabian plains ? The story has interested me
greatly ; and if I could gain any enlightenment
on the subject, I should be much obliged for it.

An Indian Subscriber.

^Several of our historians, as Matthew of West-
minster, Hector Boethius, Robert of Gloucester, the
poet Harding, &c, have noticed this singular legend ;
but we believe the Rabbinical writers (as suggested by
our Indian correspondent) have never been consulted
respecting it. Sandford, in his valuable History of the
Coronation of James II. (fol., 1687, p. 39.), has given
some dates and names which will probably assist our
correspondents in elucidating the origin of this far-
famed relic. He says, "Jacob's stone, or The Fatal
Marble Stone, is an oblong square, about twenty-two
inches long, thirteen inches broad, and eleven inches
deep, of a bluish steel-like colour, mixed with some
veins of red ; whereof history relates that it is the
stone whereon the patriarch Jacob is said to have lain
his head in the plain of Luza. That it was brought
to Brigantia in the kingdom of Gallacia in Spain, in
which place Gathal, King of Scots, sat on it as his
throne. Thence it was brought into Ireland by Simon
Brech, first King of Scots, about 700 years before
Christ's time, and from thence into Scotland, by King
Fergus, about 330 years before Christ. In the year
850 it was placed in the abbey of Scone in the sberif-
dom of Perth by King Kenneth, who caused it to be
inclosed in a wooden chair (now called St. Edward's
Chair), and this prophetical distich engraven on it :

* Ni fallat Fatum, Scoti hunc quocunque locatum
Inveniunt lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem.'
' If Fates go right, where'er this stone is found,
The Scots shall monarchs of that realm be crown'd.'

Which is the more remarkable by being fulfilled in the
person of James I. of England." Calmet, however,
states that the Mahometans profess to have this relic
in their custody. He says, " The Mahometans think
that Jacob's stone was conveyed to the Temple of Jeru-

salem, and is still preserved in the mosque there, where
the Temple formerly stood. They call it Al-sahra, or
the stone of unction. The Cadi Gemaleddin, son of
Vallel, writes, that passing through Jerusalem, in his
way to Egypt, he saw Christian priests carrying glass
phials full of wine over the Sakra, near which the
Mussulmen had built their temple, which, for this
reason, they call the Temple of the Stone. The wine
which the Christian priests set upon the stone was no
doubt designed for the celebration of mass there."]

OLD MEREWORTH CASTLE, KENT.

Among your subscribers there are doubtless
many collectors of topographical drawings and en-
gravings. I shall feel specially obliged if any of
them could find in their collections a view of old
Mereworth Castle (as it stood prior to the com-
paratively modern erection of Lord Westmore-
land), and furnish me with a long desiderated
description of it. Local tradition represents it as
having been a baronial castle rising from the
middle of a small lake, like that of Leeds, though
of smaller dimensions, with the parish church at-
tached. I should rather conjecture it to have
been an ancient moated manor-house, magnified,
in the course of tradition, into a baronial castle
and lake.

"Whatever the old building was, it was pulled
down by John, seventh Earl of Westmoreland,
during the first half of the last century. Had it
been of the character of Leeds Castle, as the re-
presentative of a long line of baronial ancestry, he
would hardly have levelled such a structure, with
all its inspiring associations, merely for the purpose
of gratifying his passion for Palladian architecture
by the erection of the present mansion.

The ancient building seems to have been the
residence of the knightly family of De Mereworth
during the twelfth, thirteenth, and part of the
fourteenth centuries, and from that time, till near
the end of Elizabeth's reign, it ceased to be a
family residence ; for, after passing through va-
rious hands (none of whom were likely to have
resided there), it descended in 1415 to Joan, wife
of the Lord Burgavenny, sister and coheir to the
Earl of Arundel. The Burgavennys of that day
resided always at. their castle of Billing, which
circumstance would intimate that it was a grander
and more baronial residence than Mereworth
Castle (for they had come into possession of both
estates very nearly at the same period) ; and
afterwards Mereworth by settlement passed to
Sir Thomas Fane of Badsell, in marriage with
Mary, daughter and sole heiress of Henry Lord
Burgavenny, and "jure suo" Baroness Despencer,
in 1574. From that time till its dismantling in
the last century, Mereworth Castle was again a
family residence, the seat of the Earls of West-
moreland ; Francis, eldest son of said Sir Thomas

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

125

Fane and Mary Baroness Despencer, having been
advanced to that earldom. As the seat of a
noble family for more than a century and a half,
it is hardly likely that no view should have been
taken of it ; I have searched, however, in vain for
it in Harris, Buck, and other published collections.

It would be a matter of special interest to many
"besides myself, to obtain some information re-
specting it.

John, seventh earl, the builder of the present
Palladian mansion, died in 1762, when the earldom
passed to a distant cousin, and the barony of De-
spencer was called out of abeyance in favour of
Sir Francis Dashwood, the son and representative
of Mary, sister and eldest co-heir of John, seventh
Earl of Westmoreland, and heir to his estates.
On his death s.p., Sir Thomas Stapleton, sole
heir to the Barony of Despencer (as lineal de-
scendant and heir of Catherine, the younger sister
-and co-heir of the said John, seventh earl), suc-
ceeded to the estate ; and from him it has lineally
descended to Mary, Viscountess Falmouth, and
"jure suo " Baroness Despencer, the present
representative of the family. At Mereworth
Castle itself, where the Viscount and Viscountess
Falmouth reside, there is no view of the old
"building ; but it is very possible that some drawing
or engraving of it may exist in some of the resi-
dences of the Earls of Westmoreland subsequent
to the seventh earl, or at the seat of the Dash-
"woods, or in the British Museum.

I trouble you with this Query, in the hope that,
-among your numerous readers, some one may be
placed in a position to give us information on the
subject. In doing so they would greatly oblige

Cantianus.

" / could not love thee, dear, so much." — Where
are the following lines to be found ? what is the
context ?

" I could not love thee, dear, so much,
Loved I not honour more."

H.

Leicester as Ranger of Snowden. — In the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, Leicester was made Ranger
of Snowden Forest, and using violent means to
extort unjust taxes from the people, under cover
of this appointment, he was opposed and resisted
by eight Welsh gentlemen, under the leadership
of Sir Richard Bulkeley, of Baron Hill, in Angle-
sey. Among these was a Madryn of Madryn, a
Hugh ap Richard of Cefnllanfuir, a Griffith of
Cefn Amlwch, &c. These patriotic gentlemen
met with imprisonment in the Tower of London
as their only recompense ; and there are extant
poems by Guttyn, Peris, and other bards, ad-
dressed to them on the subject. I should be

obliged to any of your correspondents to give me
any farther information on this subject, or refer-
ence to documents which bear upon it.

Elffin ap Gwyddno.

Crabb of Telsford. — Any information respect-
ing the settlement of the family of Crabb, or
Crabbe, at Telsford, county of Somerset, together
with the names of the present representatives of
that family, would be most thankfully received
through the medium of your valuable pages, or in
any other way, by One of the Name.

Tolling the Bell while the Congregation is leav-
ing Church. — Can you inform me why this is
done at Richmond Church ; and whether the cus-
tom is adopted in any other ? * J. H. M.

O'Brien of Thosmond. — In the Calendar of
Inquisitions post mortem, there appears one taken
on the death of Alicia, wife of Nicholas Thos-
mound, in the second year of King Henry IV.
The estates were in Somersetshire. From the
appearance of this name, I suspect it is not an
English one ; but rather an old form of spelling
the name of the province of Tothmound or Tho-
•mond (South Munster), Ireland ; and that this
Nicholas was an O'Brien, who called himself from
his family's principality, for it was not uncommon
in England formerly to take names from estates.
Perhaps some of your correspondents having ac-
cess to the Inquisition would ascertain more on
the subject, and give it to the public. The name
of Nicholas O'Brien occurs in the Irish rolls of
Chancery about that very period. A. B.

Order of St. David of Wales. — In the reign of
Queen Elizabeth there was an order of knight-
hood—the Order of St. David of Wales. When
was that Order created ? Who was the first
knight ? Who was the last knight? What pre-
late was the chaplain to the Order ? Why was it
dissolved? Why is it not revived again? We
have several Welsh peers, noblemen, knights ; four
bishops, men of science and learning, Welshmen.
I hope the good Queen Victoria will revive this
ancient order of knighthood, and the Prince of
Wales be created the first knight. The emblem
of Wales is a red dragon.

Can any of your readers give an account of this
ancient order ? Some years ago there were several
letters in The Times, and other papers, respect-
ing it and the Welsh motto. Wales should have
its knight as well as Ireland, Scotland, and Eng-
land. W.

Warple-way. — The manor of Richmond, in
Surrey, has been the property of the crown for
many hundred years, I may say from time imme-

[* This custom, is observed in many of the London
churches Ed. ]

126

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

morial : and in all the old records and plans, the
green roads are called " warple-ways." Some of
the old plans are marked " worple way," some
" warple way." Can any of your readers tell me
the derivation and meaning of the word, and refer
me to an authority ? Wm. Smythe.

Purlet. — Nelson, and the subsequent historians
of Islington, relate a marvellous story on the
authority of Purlet de Mir. Nat. x. c. iv. :

" And as to the same heavings, or tremblements de
terre, it is sayde, y* in a certaine fielde neare unto ye
parish church of Islingtoun, in like manner, did take
place a wondrous commotion in uarious partes, ye
earthe swellinge, and turninge uppe euery side towards
ye midst of ye sayde fielde ; and, by tradycion of this,
it is obserued y* one Richard de Clouesley lay buryed
in or neare y* place, and y* his bodie being restles, on
ye score of some sinne by him peraduenture committed,
did shewe or seeme to signifye y' religious obseruance
should there take place, to quiet his departed spirit ;
Whereupon certaine exorcisers, if wee may so term ym,
did at dede of night, nothing lothe, using divers diuine
exercises at torche light, set at rest ye unrulie spirit of
ye sayde Clouesley, and ye earthe did returne aneare
to its pristine shape, neuermore commotion procedeing
therefrom to this day, and this I know of a verie cer-
taintie." — Nelson's Islington, 4to. 1811, p. 305., or 8vo.
1823, p. 293.

The spelling of this extract seems at least as
old as the time of Cloudesley's death (1517), al-
though it would appear to be a translation ; and
though the exorcism is apparently spoken of as
having taken place long before the time of the
writer. From these and other circumstances, I
am led to suspect that Nelson was the victim of
a cruel hoax, particularly as I am unable to find
any such book as Purlet de Mir. Nat. in the
British Museum.

Query, Does any such book exist ; and if so,
where ? Frideswide.

Islington.

Liveries, Red and Scarlet. — In a provincial
paper, I noticed a paragraph dating the origin of
wearing red coats in fox-hunting from a mandate
of Henry II., who it appears made fox-hunting a
royal sport, and gave to all distributors of foxes
the scarlet uniform of the royal household : this
also would involve another question as regards
the origin of scarlet being the colour of the royal
livery. Can any of your sporting or antiquarian
correspondents give me any authority for the
former, and any information about the latter ?

W. E. W. RlJMBOED.

Dr. Bragge. — I shall be much obliged to any
of your correspondents who will give me inform-
ation respecting Dr. Bragge, who flourished about
the year 1756 Who wa3 he? Where did he get
his degree ? Who were his chief dupes ? Where

did he live ? He appears, from various inscrip-
tions round an engraved portrait, to have been a
great duping dealer in pictures. E. H.

Chauncy, or Chancy. — Any reference to works
containing biographical notices of Charles Chauncy,
or Chancy, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, circa 1620, will oblige J. Y.

Plaster Casts. — Ruby would be thankful for a
good receipt for bronzing plaster casts.

"Streepa." — In the prophecy regarding the
birth of John the Baptist (Luke i. 15.) the angel
says :

" Kal olvov kclI (riKepa ov /j.t} 7Tijj."

This is in the authorised version (I quote from
the original 1611 edit.) rightly rendered :
" And shal drinke neither wine nor strong drinke."

Now, in the Golden Legend, fol. cxl. (Wynkyn
de Worde's edition, London, 1516) is this account :

" For he shal be grete, and of grete meryte tofore
our Lord : he shall not drinke wyne, ne syder, ne
thynge wherof he myght be dronken."

I need hardly remind your readers that o-'iKepa
was often used by the LXX translators for an
intoxicating liquor, as distinguished from wine,
viz. Levit. x. 9., Numbers vi. 3., &c, and in about
nine places ; but I do not remember " syder" as
the " thynge wherof he myghte be dronken." Can
any of your philological friends call to mind a
similar version ? I do not want to be told the
derivation of a'wepa, for that is obvious ; nor do I
lack information as to the inebriating qualities of
" syder," for, alas ! an intimate acquaintance with
Devonshire has often brought before my notice
persons "dronken" with that exhilarating be-
verage. Richard Hooper.

St. Stephen's, Westminster.

Dogs in Monumental Brasses. — Is there any
symbolical meaning conveyed in the dogs which
are so often introduced at the feet of ladies in
brasses, and dogs and lions at the feet of knights ?
One fact is worthy of notice, that while the omis-
sion of the dog is frequent in the brasses of ladies
(e.g. in that of Lady Camoys, 1424, at Trotton,
Sussex, and Joan, Lady Cobham, 1320, Cobham,
Kent, and several others), the lion or dog, as the
case may be, of the knight is scarcely ever left
out ; indeed, I have only been able to find two or
three instances. But again, in brasses later than
1460, the dogs and lions are seldom, if ever, found
either in the brasses of knights or ladies. Can
you afford me any information on these points ?

B. H. Aeford.

Tonbridge, Kent.

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

127

fflinav tiiutvitg tut'tfj ZlixtStDttii.

Marquis of Granby. — In a late number of
Chambers's Journal it is stated that there are eigh-
teen taverns in London bearing the sign of the
Marquis of Granby. How did this sign become
so popular ; and which marquis was it whose
popularity gained him immortality ; and when
lived he ? .J. M. Wharton.

[This sign is intended as a compliment to John
Manners, commonly called Marquis of Granby, eldest
son of John, third Duke of Rutland, who appears to have
been a good, bluff-brave soldier — active, generous,
careful of his men, and beloved by them. Mr. Peter
Cunningham (Handbook, p. 398., edit. 1850) informs
us, that " Granby spent many an happy hour at the
Hercules Pillars public-house, Piccadilly, where Squire
Western put his horses up, when in pursuit of Tom
Jones." He died, much regretted, on October 19, 1770,
without succeeding to the dukedom.

" What conquests now will Britain boast,
Or where display her banners ?
Alas ! in Granby she has lost

True courage and good Manners."

His popularity is shown by the frequent occurrence of
his portrait as a sign-board for public-houses, even of
late years ; a fact which at once testifies in favour of
his personal qualities, and indicates the low state of
our military fame during the latter half of the last
century.]

11 Memorials of English Affairs" 8fc. — Can you
inform me who was the author of a folio volume
entitled —

" Memorials of the English Affairs ; or an Historical
Account of what passed from the beginning of the
Reign of King Charles I. to King Charles II. his
happy ' Restauration ; ' containing the Public Trans-
actions, Civil and Military, together with the Private
Consultations and Secrets of the Cabinet. London :
printed for Nathanael Conder, at the Sign of the
Peacock in the Poultry, near the Church, mdclxxxii."

I have never seen any other copy than the one
in my possession. L. R.

[This work is by Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke. The
edition of 1682, possessed by our correspondent, was
published by Arthur, Earl of Anglesea, who took con-
siderable liberties with the manuscript. The best
edition, containing the passages cancelled by the Earl,
is that of 1732, fol. " This work," says Bishop War-
burton, " that has been so much cried up, is a meagre
diary, wrote by a poor-spirited, self-interested, and
self-conceited lawyer of eminence, but full of facts."
At p. 378. (edit. 1682) occurs the following entry: —
" From the council of state, Cromwell and his son
Ireton went home with Whitelocke to supper, where
they were very cheerful, and seemed extremely well-
pleased ; they discoursed together till twelve o'clock
at night, and told many wonderful observations of
God's providence in the affairs of the war, and in the
business of the army's coming to London, and seizing

the members of the house, in all which were miracu-
lous passages." To this sentence in the copy now be-
fore us, some sturdy royalist has added the following
MS. note : — " Whitelocke reports this of himself, as
being well pleased with it ; and the success of their
villany they accounted God's providence !"]

Standing when the Lord's Prayer is read. — On
Sunday, January 8, the second lesson for morning
service is the sixth chapter of St. Matthew, in
which occurs the Lord's Prayer. When the offi-
ciating clergyman began to read the ninth verse,
in which the prayer commences, the congregation
at Bristol Cathedral rose, and remained standing
till its conclusion. Is this custom observed in other
places ? and (if there is to be a change of position)
why do the congregation stand, and not kneel, the
usual posture of prayer in the Church of England?

Cervtjs.

[The custom, we believe, is observed in the majority
of churches. The reason for standing rather than
kneeling seems to be, that when the Lord's Prayer
comes in the course of the lessons it is only read his-
torically, as a part of a narrative, which indicates that
the whole sacred narrative should be treated, as it was
anciently, with the like reverence. The rubric says
nothing about sitting ; standing and kneeling being
the only postures expressly recognised. In the curious
engraving of the interior of a church, prefixed to
Bishop Sparrow's Rationale upon the Book of Common
Prayer, 1661, there is not a seat of any kind to be seen,
pews not having become at this time a general ap-
pendage to churches ; probably a few chairs or benches
were required for the aged or infirm. The only in-
timation of the sitting posture in our present Common
Prayer- Book occurs in the rubric, enjoining the people
to stand when the Gospel is read, which Wheatly tells
us was first inserted in the Scotch Common Prayer-
Book. See «< N. & Q.," Vol. ii., pp. 246. 347.]

Hypocrisy, Sfc. — Can you inform me with whom
originated the following saying : " Hypocrisy is
the homage which vice renders to virtue" ?

A. C. W.

[The saying originated with the Duke de la Roche-
foucault, and occurs in his Moral Maxims, No. 233.]

StUpItetf.

" CONSILIUM NOVEM DELECTORUM CARDINALIUM,"
ETC.

(Yol. viii., p. 54.)

The Note of your correspondent Novus upon
this Consilium ought to have been answered
before ; but as none of your contributors who can
speak as " having authority " have undertaken to
do so, I beg to offer to your readers the following
statements and extracts, collected when my sur-
prise at the assertions of Novus was quite fresh.

128

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

The first point on which Novus requires cor-
rection is, the name of the pontiff to whom the
Consilium purports to be addressed. Novus says
Julius III., but the date of this document is un-
questionably not later than the beginning of 1538,
for Sleidan tells us that editions of it were printed
at Rome, at Cologne, at Strasburg, and at another
place, in the course of the year 1538 ; and in the
title it is distinctly stated to have been presented
to Paul III., who was pope in that year, whilst
Julius III. was not elected till 1550.

When Novus says that this Consilium " has just
•been once more quoted, for the fiftieth time,
perhaps, within the present generation, as a ge-
nuine document, and as proceeding from adherents
of the Church of Rome," he falls short of the fact.
For every writer of the least mark, or likelihood,
whose subject has led him that way, has quoted it :
thus, e.g., Ranke, who in his great work on The
Popes and the Papacy, book ii. § 2., refers to it as
indicative of no dishonourable design on the part
of the supreme pontiff.

Amongst the writers of the time when the Con-
silium is said to have been drawn up, who regarded
it as genuine, we may mention Luther, who, soon
after it found its way into Germany, published a
translation, with one of his biting caricatures pre-
fixed ; and Sturm, who prefaced his translation
with a letter to the cardinals to whom it was as-
cribed, for which reason alone his edition was put
in the " Index," no other edition being similarly
honoured ; and this sufficiently refutes a statement
of Schelhorn, in his letter to Cardinal Quirinus,
upon which much reliance has been placed by
those whom Novus would regard as sharers of his
opinion.

The appearance of the editions at Cologne and
Strasburg in 1538, testifies to the speed with
which the Consilium reached Germany. Sleidan
asserts that, when it was published there, some
fancied it to be fictitious, and intended to ridicule
both the Pope and the Reformation ; but others,
that it was a device of the Pope to gain credit for
not being hostile to the correction of certain con-
fessed abuses. In the next year, on July 16th,
Aleander wrote to Cochlaeus thus :

" Multa haberem scribere de Republic.!, sed rnali
custodesestis rerum areanarum, — Consiliis Cardinalium
promulgatis, cum invectiva Sturmii, manibus hominum
teritur, antequam vel auctoribus edita, vel exocutioni
fuerit demandata."

Which passage might be regarded as decisive of
the question of genuineness, since Aleander was
one of the Cardinales delecti whose names are ap-
pended to the Consilium.

That Le Plat should insert a copy in his Monu-
ment, ad Hist. Concil. Trident, potius illnstr. sped.,
may, perhaps, be considered an unsatisfactory ar-
gument ; and the same will certainly be thought

of the use of it by Sarpi. But Pallavicini is a
witness not obnoxious to objections which apply
to them, and he says :

" It happened by Divine Providence, that this Con-
silium was published, since it showed what were in fact
the deepest wounds in the discipline of the Church, as-
certained with great diligence, and exposed with the
utmost freedom by men of incomparable zeal and know-
ledge. And these were neither falsity of dogmas, nor
corruption of the Scriptures, nor wickedness of laws,
nor politic craft beneath the garb of humility, nor im-
pure vices, as the Lutherans asserted ; but too great
indulgence towards violations and abrogations of the
laws, which Luther far more licentiously abrogated,"
&c. — Vide book iv. ch. v., at the end.

But Ranke's note upon a casual reference to
this document in book i. ch. ii. § 2. of his History
of the Papacy, completely disposes of the question
of its genuineness, and therefore of its " serious-
ness " (to use one of Novus' phrases), when taken
in conjunction with what has gone before.

" Consilium, §-c.; printed more than once even at the
time, and important as pointing out the evil, so far
as it lay in the administration of discipline, precisely
and without reserve. Long after it had been printed,
the MS. remained incorporated with the MSS. of the
Curia."

Were it not that the assertion of Novus is so
roundly made, and in a form that is sure to adhere
in the memories of readers sufficiently interested
in the subject to notice his communication, it
would have been enough to quote from one of the
works he refers to, as containing copies of the
Consilium, to expose the origin of his error ; and
this, now that I have shown it to be an error, I
crave your permission to do. This, then, is what
Brown says in his Appendix ad Fascicul. Per.
Expetend. et Fugiend. (commonly cited as Fascicul.
vol. ii.), ed. 1G90, pp. 230, 231. :

" Sapius excusum est Consilium sequens, cum alibi,
turn hie Londini, a. d. 1 609, ex bibliotheca Wilh.
Crashavii, qui in Epistola. dedicatoria ad Revmom D.
Tobiam Matthasum Archiep. Eboracen. citat qua?dam
e Commentariis Espencaei in Tit. cap. i. ad hoc Con-
silium ab omni fraudis et fictionis suspicione liberandum ;
quasi prcesensisset Crashavius fore aliquando ut pro re,
omnino ficta et falsa censentur ; cum id in novissimis
Concil iorum editionibus desiderari, et astute sup-
pressum esse viderat, ut est in admonitione sua ad
Lectorem. Sed longe aliter res habebit ; suo enim se
sorex prodidit indicio ; et Cochlceus ipse (qui nesciit pro
nobis mentiri, quantumvis in causa sua parum probus
aliquando), hujusce Consilii fidem ab omni labe impro-
bitatis vindicavit et asseruit in historia sua de Actis et
Scriptis Lutheri, ad annum 1539, fol. 312. &c. edi-
tionis Colonien. 1568. editum est prasterea, hoc idem
Consilium, Parisiis, publica authoritate, una cum
Guliel. Durandi tractatu de modo Generalis Concilii
celebrandi ; Libello Clamengii de corrupto Ecclesise
statu ; Libello Cardinalis de Alliaco, de emendatione

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

129

Ecclesia; ; et Gentiani Herveti oratione de reparanda
Ecclesiastical discipline (quae omnia, excepto primo,
huic appendici inserentur), a.d. 1671. In hac nostra
editione sequimur virum doctissimum et pium Her-
mannum Conringium ; adhibitis multis aliis exem-
plaribus, quae omnia simul in hoc uno leges. Fin'
autem, Lector, aliquid penitius de hoc Consilio rescire ?
adisis [sic] P. Paulum Vergerium (invisum aliis sed cha-
rum nobis nomen), illiusque annotationes, in Catalogum
hasreticorum consule, fol. 251. tomi primi illiusoperum
Tubingae editi, a.d. 1563, in 4to., et siquid noveris de
reliqnorum tomorum editione, nos Anglos fac, qurnso,
certiores. [It would seem that the need of your
"N. & Q,.""was felt long before anyone thought of
supplying it.] Audi vero, interea, vel lege, Hermannum
Conringium."

And this is what that "learned and godly" man
says :

" Libellus ipse Cardinalis Capuani [Nicholas Schom-
berg], ut creditur, cura ad amicum in Germaniam
missus, mox anno 1539, et populari nostra et sua est
lingua per Lutherum et Sturmium editus. Eundem
post vidgavit, cum acri ad Papam Paidum IV. (qui olim
fuerat auctoruni) praefatione, Petrus Paulus Vergerius,
postquam Protestantium partibus accessisset."

I will not add to the length of this Note by any
farther quotations ; but I am bound to say that if
those I have given do not satisfy Novus, he may
expect to be overwhelmed by confirmations of
them. B. B. Woodward.

Bungay, Suffolk.

JOHN BUNYAN.

(Vol. ix., p. 104.)

A highly respected correspondent, Dr. S. R.
Maitland, has seen an advertisement in the Mer-
curius Reformatus of June 11, 1690, announcing
the intention of Bunyan's widow to publish ten ma-
nuscripts which her husband had left prepared for
the press, together with some of his printed treatises
which had become scarce. He inquires whether
such a publication took place. In reply I beg leave
to state that they were published in a small folio,
containing "ten [and two fragments] of his excel-
lent manuscripts, and ten of his choice books for-
merly printed." The volume bears the title of
" The Works of that eminent Servant of Christ
Mr. John Bunyan, late Minister of the Gospel
and Pastor of the Congregation at Bedford. The
first volume. London, by Wm. Marshall, 1692."
It has the portrait by Sturt, and an impression
from the original curious copper-plate inscribed,
" A Mapp, showing the order and causes of Sal-
vation and Damnation." In addition to the Mer-
curius, John Dunton and others noticed, in terms
of warm approval, the intended publication, which
became extensively patronised, but has now be-
come very scarce.

To the lovers of Bunyan it is peculiarly inter-
esting, being accompanied by a tract called " The
Struggler," written by one of his affectionate and
intimate friends, the Rev. C. Doe, containing a
list of Bunyan's works, with the time when each
of them was published, some personal character-
istic anecdotes, and thirty reasons why all decided
Christians should read and circulate these invalu-
able treatises. A copy presented to me by my
worthy friend the late Mr. Creasy of Sleaford,
which is in remarkably fine condition, has on the
title to the Index a printed dedication to Sir John
Hartop of Newington, the patron and friend of
Dr. Watts. This volume was to have been fol-
lowed by a second, to complete Bunyan's works,
but difficulties arose as to the copyright of the
more popular pieces, which prevented its publi-
cation. The original prospectus is preserved in
the British Museum, which, with " The Strug-
gler" and a new index to the whole of these truly
excellent treatises, is reprinted in my edition of
Bunyan's whole works for the first time collected
and published, with his Life, in three volumes im-
perial 8vo., illustrated with fac-similes of all the
old woodcuts and many elegant steel plates.

George Offor.

Hackney.

THE ASTEROIDS, ETC.
(Vol. IX., p. 36.)

It is certainly an uncomfortable idea to sup-
pose that the asteroids are the fragments of a former
world, perhaps accompanied with satellites which
have been scattered either by internal convulsion
or external violence. By looking into the con-
stitution and powers contained within our own
earth, we know that the means are not wanting
to rend us asunder under the combined effects of
volcanic action, intense heat, and water, meeting
deep within the substance of the earth under great
pressure.

However, there is much to be said against the
theory of Olbers, notwithstanding its plausibility.
The distance between the internal asteroid Flora,
and the external one Hygeia, exceeds ninety mil-
lions of miles : or nearly the distance between the
earth and the sun. The force which could shatter
a world into fragments, and drive them asunder
to such an extent, must indeed be tremendous.

Mr. Hind has drawn attention to the singular
fact, that the asteroids " appear to separate the
planets of small mass from the greater bodies of
the system, the planets which rotate on their axes
in about the same time as our earth from those
which are whirled round in less than half that
time, though of ten times the diameter of the
earth ; and," he continues, " it may yet be found
that these small bodies, so far from being portions

130

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

of the wreck of a planet, were created in their
present state for some wise purpose, which the
progress of astronomy in future ages may even-
tually unfold."

One thing I think is certain, that no disruption
of a world belonging to our system could take
place without producing some perceptible effect
upon every other member of the system. The
single centre of attraction being suddenly diffused
and spread abroad into many smaller ones, at
variable distances, must produce a sudden sway
and alteration of position in all the other planets,
and, to a certain extent, derange their respective
economies. From this some striking changes
would necessarily arise, such as in the length of
their respective periods of revolution, the amount
of light and heat, and other physical conditions.
Certain geological phenomena should be found to
confirm such a change, if these suppositions be
true.

As far as the theological part of the question is
concerned, it is, I should think, opposed to Olbers'
theory. Human intellect can scarcely conceive
the necessity for the utter breaking up of a globe,
even for the most grievous amount of sin. A
more merciful dispensation was granted to our
earth in the deluge ; and the Power which removed
all but eight lives from the earth could have
equally removed the eight also, without destroy-
ing the integrity of the globe. It is as easy, and
far more reasonable I think, to suppose, that the
same Power which gave to Saturn a satellite nearly
equal in size to Mars, should throw a cluster of
minute planetoids into the space which, according
to Bodes' empirical law, should have been devoted
to one planet of larger dimensions.

Whilst addressing you on astronomical subjects,
I would beg leave to offer a few remarks upon
Saturn, which I have not observed in any work
on astronomy which I have yet consulted. This
planet, with its satellites, appear to exhibit a close
resemblance to the solar system, just as if it were
a model of it.

Besides his rings, Saturn is attended by eight
satellites, so far as is at present known. The names
of the satellites in their order from the body of
the planet, are : 1. Mimas, 2. Euceladus, 3. Tethys,
4. Dione, 5. Rhea, 6. Titan, 7. Hyperion, 8. Ja-
petus. If we place them in a list in their order,
and overagainst each place the names of the planets
in their order from the sun, certain parallelisms
will appear :

1. Mimas - - 1. Mercury.

2. Euceladus - -2. Venus.

3. Tethys - - -3. Earth.

4. Dione - - - 4. Mars.

5. Rhea - - 5. Asteroids.

6. Titan - - - 6. Jupiter.

7. Hyperion - - 7. Saturn.

8. Japetus - - - 8. Uranus.

The relative magnitudes and relative positions
of these bodies correspond in many points, I be-
lieve, so far as is at present known. Titan, like
Jupiter, is the largest of his system ; being but
little less in size than the primary planet Mars.
The next in magnitude is Japetus. Rhea is sup-
posed to be of considerable size. The four inner
ones are smaller than the others. Sir William
Herschell considered that Tethys was larger than
Euceladus, and Euceladus larger than Mimas.
Dione and Hyperion have not yet been well esti-
mated. These dimensions, if correct, correspond
in many points with those of the planets. The
first three satellites revolve in orbits of less dia-
meter than that of our moon. The orbit of Dione,
the fourth satellite, is almost precisely at the same
distance from its primary as the moon is from the
earth. As if to carry out the parallelism to the
utmost, the zodiacal light of the sun has often
been compared to the ring of Saturn.

One remark it would appear arises out of these
observations, viz. that the laws of attraction and
gravitation seem to require, for the proper regu-
lation of the whole system, that where a number of
bodies of various sizes revolve round one common
centre, the larger body should revolve at a cer-
tain relative distance from that centre. Thus
Titan, like a huge pendulum, seems to sway and
maintain the regularity of the minor system, just
as Jupiter may be imagined to do in the great one.

I must not intrude too far on your valuable
space, but there remain some interesting points
for discussion in the Saturnian system.

John William Harris.

Exon.

CAPS AT CAMBRIDGE.

(Vol. ix., p. 27.)

The extract from an unpublished MS. given by
A Regent M.A. of Cambridge refers to the year
1620, as will appear from the following passages
in Anthony a Wood's Hist, and Antiq. of Univ. of
Oxford.

" 1614. — In the latter end of the last and beginning
of this year, a spirit of sedition (as I may so call it)
possessed certain of the Regent Masters against the
Vicechanc. and Doctors. The chief and only matter
that excited them to it was their sitting like boys, bare-
beaded, in the Convocation-House, at the usual assem-
blies there, which was not, as 'twas thought, so fit, that
the Professors of the Faculty of Arts (on which the
University was founded) should, all things considered,
do it. The most forward person among them, named
Henry Wightwicke, of Gloucester Hall, having had
some intimation of a statute which enabled them to be
covered with their caps, and discovering also some-
thing in the large west window of St. Mary's Church,
where pictures of Regents and non- Regents were sit-
ting covered in assemblies before the Chancellor, clapt

Feb. II. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

131

on Iiis cap, and spared not to excite his brethren to
vindicate that custom, now in a manner forgotten ;
and, having got over one of the Regents to be more
zealous in the matter than himself, procured the hands
of most, if not all, of them to be set to a petition (in
order to be sent to the Chancellor of the University),
for the effecting and bringing about the matter. But
the Vicechancellor, Dr. Singleton, having had timely
notice of the design, sends a full relation of the matter
to the Chancellor; whereupon answer was returned,
that he should deal therein as he should think fit.
"Wightwicke, therefore, being called into question for
endeavouring to subvert the honour and government
of the University, whereby he ran himself into perjury
(he having before taken an oath to keep and maintain
the rites, customs, and privileges of the University),
was banished, and his party, who had proved false to
him, severely checkt by the Chancellor.

" At length Wightwicke's friends, laying open to him
the danger that he would run himself into, if he should
not seek restauration and submit, did, after his peevish
and rash humour had been much courted to it, put up
a petition (subscribed in his behalf by the Bishop of
London and Sir John Bennett) to the Chancellor of
the University for his restauration, which being with
much ado granted, but with this condition, that he
make an humble recantation in the Convocation, sent
to his Vicechancellor what should be done in the
matter, and among other things thus : — ' For the
manner of his submission and recognition which he
is to make, I will not take upon me to direct, but
leave yt wholy unto your wisdomes, as well for manner
as for the matter; only thus much generally I will in-
timate unto you, that the affront and offence com-
mitted by Whittwicke in the Congregation House by
his late insolent carriage there was very great and
notorious, and that offence afterwards seconded and
redoubled by another as ill or worse than the former,
in his seditious practizing and procuring a multitude of
handes, thereby thinking to justifie and maintain his
former errors, and his proud and insolent disobedience
and contempt. I hold yt therefore very requisite that
his submission and recognition, both of the one fault
and of the other, should be as publique and as humble
as possibly with conveniencye may bee. Which being
thus openly done, as I hope yt will bee a good example
to others, to deter them from committing the like of-
fence hereafter, so I do also wishe this his punishment
may.be only ad correctionem et non ad destructionem.'

" This being the effect of the Chancellor's mind,
Wightwicke was summoned to appear to make his
submission in the next Convocation, which being held
25 June this year, he placed himself in the middle of
St. Mary's chancel, and spoke with an audible voice as
followeth :

" ' Ornatissime Domine Procancellarie, vosque Do-
mini Doctores pientissimi, quotquot me vel bannien-
dum vel bannitionem meam ratam esse voluistis ut
vobis omnibus et singulis innotescat discupio : me
Henricum Whitwicke pileum coram Domino Vice-
cancellario Thotna Singleton capiti baud ita pridem
imposuisse, quod nemini Magistrorum in Congrega-
tione vel Convocatione [in presentia Domini Vicecan-
cellarii aut Doctoris alicujus] licere fateor. Scitote

quaeso praeterea, me supradictum Henricum a sen-
tentia Domini Vicecancellarii ad venerabilem Domum
Congregationis provocasse, quod nee licitum nee
honestum esse in causa perturbationis pacis facile con-
cedo. Scitote denique me solum, manus Academi-
corum egregie merentium Theologia Baccalaureorum
et in Artihus Magistrorum in hac corona astantium
Collegiatim et Aulatim cursitando rescripto appo-
nendas curasse, in quibus omnibus Praefectis [summe]
displicuisse, in pacem alma? hujus Academiae et in dig-
nissimum nostrum Procancellarium deliquisse, parum
nolenti animo confiteor, et sanctitates vestras humillime
imploro, ut quae vel temere et inconsultd, vel volenter
et scienter feci, ea, ut deceat homines, condonentur.
• Henricus Wightwicke.'

Which submission or recognition being ended, he
was restored to his former state, and so forthwith re-
assumed his place. But this person, who was lately
beneficed at Kingerbury in Lincolnshire, could never
be convinced, when he became Master of Pembroke
College, forty-six years after this time, that he made
any submission at all, but carried the business on and
effected it against all the University ; as to his young
acquaintance that came often to visit him and he them
(for he delighted in boyish company), he would, after
a pedantical way, boast, supposing perhaps that, having
been so many years before acted, no person could re-
member it ; but record will rise up and justify matters
when names and families are quite extirpated and for-
gotten among men. Pray see more of this cap-business
in the year 1620."

" 1620. — In the beginning of Michaelmas Term fol-
lowing, the cap-business, mentioned an. 1614, was re-
newed again : for some disrelishment of the former
transactions remaining behind, the Regent Masters
met together several times for the effecting their de-
signs. At length, after much ado, they drew up a
petition subscribed by fifty-three of the senior Masters
for this year, and presented it to one whom they knew
would not be violent against them, as Dr. Singleton
was before. The beginning of it runs thus :

" • Reverendissimo Viro Domino Doctori Prideaux
ornatissimo hujus Academiae Vicecan. digniss, &c.

" ' Multa jamjudum sunt (reverendissime Vicecan-
cellarie) qua? ab antiquis hujus Academiae institutis
salubriter profecta, mala tandem consuetudo, et in
pejus potens aut abrogavit penitus aut pessime corru-
pit, &c.'

" Among those that subscribed to it were these fol-
lowing, that afterwards became persons of note, viz.
Gilbert Sheldon, Alexand. Gill, jun., and Anthony
Farndon, of Trinity Coll. ; Pet, Heylin of Magd.
Coll. [Robert Newlin of C. C. C, &c.]. The chief
solicitor of the business was Rous Clopton of Corpus
Ch. Coll., a restless, busy person, and one afterwards
as much noted for his infamy as any of the former for
their learning or place. This petition, I say, being
presented to Dr. Prideaux the Vicechancellor, and he
considering well their several reasons for their sitting
covered (one of which was that they were Judges in
Congregations and Convocations), sent it to the Chan-
cellor to have his consent, who also, after he had con-
sidered of it, wrote a letter to the Vicechancellor, to

132

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

be communicated to the Convocation : the chief con-
tents of which are these :

" ' After my very harty commendations, I doe take
this manner of proceeding by the Regent Masters (for
their sitting covered at Congregations and Convo-
cations) in soe good part, that although I might well
take some time to advise before I give answer, espe-
cially when I consider how long that custom hath con-
tinued, how much it hath been questioned, and that
upon a long debate it hath been withstood by so grave
and wise a Counsellor of State as your late Chancellor,
my immediate predecessor ; yet, when I weigh their
undoubted right, their discreet and orderly proceedings
to seek it, not to take it, the chief, if not the only,
cause why it was formerly denied ; the gpod congruity
this doth beare, not with Cambridge alone (though
that were motive enough), but all other places, it
being no where seen that those that are admitted
Judges are required to sit bare-headed ; I cannot
choose but commend and thus f3rre yield to theire
request as to referre it to the Convocation House. I
hope no man can have cause to think that I have not
the power to continew this custom as well as some
others of my predecessors, if I had a mind to strive ;
nor that I seek after their applause in yielding them
that now, which hath been so long kept from them,
but the respect I have to their due, to the decency of
the place, and honour of the University, which I can-
not conceive to bee anyway diminished, but rather in-
creased, by their sitting covered, are the only reasons
that have moved me, and carried me to so quick a
resolution, wherewith you may acquaint the Convoca-
tion House with this also, that what they shall con-
clude I shall willingly agree to. And soe I doe very
hartely take leave, and rest

Your assured loving friend,

Pembrooke.
Baynard's Castle,

this 4 of December, 1620.'

Which letter being publickly read in a Convocation
held 20 Dec, it was then agreed upon by the consent
of all there present, that all Blasters of what condition
soever might put on their caps in Congregations and
Convocations, yet with these conditions : That in the
said assemblies the said Masters should use only square
caps, and not sit bare, or without cap. And if any
were found faulty in these matters, or that they should
bring their hats in the said Assemblies, they should
not only lose their suffrages for that time, but be
punished as the Vicechancellor should think fit.
Lastly, it was decreed, under the said conditions and
no otherwise, that in the next Congregation in the
beginning of Hilary Term, and so for ever after, all
Masters, of what condition soever, whether Regents or
not Regents, should, in Congregations and Convoca-
tions, put on and use square caps.

" All that shall be said more of this matter is, that
the loss of using caps arose from the negligence of the
Masters, who, to avoid the pains of bringing their caps
with them, would sit bare-headed ; which being used
by some, was at length followed by all, and so at length
became a custom."

It would seem, from Lord Pembroke's letter,

that the right of the senate of this university to
wear their caps had not been questioned.

C. H. Cooper.
Cambridge.

RUSSIA, TURKEY, AND THE BLACK SEA.

(Vol. ix., p. 103.)

Statements and complaints have often been made
respecting the imperfect knowledge possessed by
English navigators of the shores and coasts of the
Black Sea, and of the great danger thence arising
to ships and fleets from England, which would
thus seem to be without the charts necessary for
their guidance. The Guardian newspaper reite-
rates these complaints in its number for Jan. 11.
This deficiency of charts, howevei*, ought not to
exist, and probably does not; since, no doubt,
the English and French Governments would take
care to supply them at the present time. As
respects England, Dr. E. D. Clarke, in his well-
known Travels in Russia, Sfc. (see vol. i. 4th edit.,
8vo., London, 1816, Preface, p. x.), states that he
brought —

" Certain documents with him from Odessa, at the
hazard of his life, and deposited within a British
Admiralty."

These documents, we are led naturally to infer,
were charts ; for he adds :

" They may serve to facilitate the navigation of the
Russian coasts of the Black Sea, if ever the welfare of
Great Britain should demand the presence of her fleets
in that part of the world."

Happening to meet with this passage, in con-
sulting Dr. Clarke's Travels, at the beginning of
December, when the Fleets of Great Britain and
France were on the point of entering the Black
Sea, and having read in many quarters fears ex-
pressed for the fleets from the want of charts, I
ventured to copy out the passage relating to these
remarkable documents, and sent it to Lord Aber-
deen ; in case, from the alleged poverty of charts
in the Admiralty Catalogues (see The Guardian^
Jan. 11.), Dr. Clarke's "documents" should have
fallen out of sight, and were forgotten. No notice,
however, was taken of my communication ; from
which I concluded that it was wholly valueless.

John Macrat.

Oxford.

HIGH DUTCH AND LOW DUTCH.

(Vol.viii., pp. 478. 601.)

If "N. & Q." were the publication in which
questions were cursorily settled, the answer of
James Spence Harry (p. 478.) might suffice
with regard to the Query of S. C. P. (p. 413.) ;
but your correspondent E. C. II., who seems also

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND 'QUERIES.

133

to know something about the matter, wishes for
German evidence.

Should your correspondents James S. Harhy
and E. C. II. be acquainted (and I doubt not but
they are) with the song, in which a German in-
quires "What is his native land?" and having
called over some of the principalities, as Prussia,
Suabia, Bavaria, Pomerania, Westphalia, Swit-
zerland, Tyrol, he cries disdainfully, " No ! no !
no ! my fatherland must be greater :" at last,
despairing, he asks to name him that land, and
is answered, "Wherever the German tongue is
heard:" — should Jamjes S. Harry and E. C. H.
recollect these words, they will conceive that such
a people must have several tribes, and each tribe
their peculiar dialect, founded on prescribed rules,
and to which individually equal justice is due.

The dialects of the Deutsche Sprache, the
German language, are the Ober Deutsche and
Nieder Deutsche, Upper German and Low Ger-
man : from the former dialect has, in course of
time, proceeded the Hoch Deutsche Sprache, the
High German language, now used exclusively as

the bdbk language by the more educated classes
throughout Germany.

The principal dialects of the Ober Deutsche
are the following :

1. The Allemanic, spoken in Switzerland and
the Upper Rhine.

2. The Suabian, spoken in the countries be-
tween the Black Forest and the River Lech.

3. The Bavarian, spoken in the South of Ba-
varia and Austria.

4. The Franconian, spoken in the North of
Bavaria, Hessen, and the Middle Rhine.

5. The Upper Saxon or Misnian, spoken in the
plains of Saxony and Thuringia.

These dialecxs differ from each other, and parti-
cularly from the High German language, with
regard to their elements.

The Ober Deutsche dialects differ from each
other by the introduction of peculiar vowels.

The Nieder Deutsche is distinguished from the
Ober Deutsche by the shifting of consonants :
ex. gr. :

1

OBER DEUTSCHE DIALECTS.

NIEDER DEUTSCHE DIALECTS.

High
German.

Allcm.

Suab.

Bavar.

Franc.

Upper
Saxony.

Lower
Saxony.

Hollandisch.

English.

wein.

stein.

weit.

breit.

haus.

kaufen.

feuer.

kirche.

herz.

grosz.

buch.

wi.

stein.

wit.

breit.

hus.

kaufen.

fur.

chilche.

herz.

grosz.

buech.

wai.

stoi.

wait.

broit.

baus.

koufen.

fuir.

kieche.

Iieaz.

grausz.

buach.

wai.

stoa.

wait.

broat.

baus.

kafen.

foir.

kirche.

herz.

grusz.

buech.

wein.

staan.

weit.

braat.

haus.

kafen.

fair.

kerche.

liarz.

grausz.

bouch.

wein.

steen.

weit.

breet.

baus.

koofen.

foier.

kerche.

harz.

grusz.

buch.

win.

steen.

wet.

breet.

bus.

koopen.

fur.

kerke.

hart.

groot/

book.

wein.

steen.

weid.

breed.

buis.

koopen.

fur.

kerk.

hart.

groot.

boek.

wine.

stone.

wide.

broad.

bouse.

to buy.

fire.

church.

heart.

great.

book.

I have introduced here, as a dialect of the
Nieder Deutsche, the Dutch = Hollandisch, the
language spoken by the people of the Neder-
landen = N iederlande = Netherlands.

The Nieder Deutsche dialect is also spoken in
Westphalia, and along the river Weser, &c.

All these dialects have also their own words, or
at least their peculiar meanings of words, as well
as particular modes of expression, and these are to
be considered as provincialisms.

Professor Goepes de Gruter.

134

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Dr. Mansell having forwarded to me for publication
the accompanying account of his mode of operation, I
have much pleasure in laying it before the readers of
" N. & Q. ;" because my friend Dr. Mansell is not
only so fortunate in his results, but is one of the most
careful and correct manipulators in our art. The pro-
portions which he recommends, and his mode of ope-
rating, are, it will be seen, somewhat different from
those hitherto published. In writing to me he says :
" I make a point of making a short note in the evening
of the day's experiments, a plan involving very little
trouble, but of great service as a reference." If all
photographers would adopt this simple plan, how much
good would result ! Dr. M. complains to me of the
constant variation he has found in collodion ; (with
your permission, I will in your pages furnish him, and
all your readers, with some plain directions on this
point) ; and he has given me some excellent observ-
ations on the " fashionable " waxed-paper process, in
which he has not met with such good results as he had
anticipated ; although with much experience which
may some day turn to good account. Dr. Mansell
concludes with an observation in which I entirely con-
cur, viz. " That the calotype process is by far the most
useful ; and I find the pictures it gives have better
effect than the wax ones, which always to me appear
flat, even when they are not gravelly."

H. W. Diamond.

The Calotype on the Sea-shore. — The great quan-
tity of blue light reflected from the sea renders calo-
typing in its vicinity much more difficult than in the
country ; the more distant the object, the greater depth
has the blue veil which floats over it, and as a conse-
quence of this disproportion, if time enough is given
in the camera to bring out the foreground, the sky be-
comes red, and the distance obscured. After constant
failures with papers iodized in the usual manner, I
made a number of experiments to obtain a paper that
would stand the camera long enough to satisfy the
required conditions, and the result was the following
method, which gives an intensity of blacks and half-
tones, with a solidity and uniform depth over large
portions of sky, greater than I have seen produced by
any other process. Since I adopted it, in the autumn
of 1852, I have scarcely had a failure, and this success
induces me to recommend it to those who, like myself,
work in highly actinising localities.

The object of the following plan is to impregnate
the paper evenly with a strong body of iodide of silver.
I prefer iodizing by the single process, and for this
purpose use a strong solution of iodide of silver, as the
paper when finished ought to have, as nearly as pos-
sible, the colour of pure iodide of silver.

Take 100 grains of nitrate of silver, and 100 grains
of iodide of potassium *, dissolve each in two ounces of

[* Having lately prepared this solution according
to the formula given by Dr. Diamond (Vol. viii.,
p. 597.), in which it required 650 grains to dissolve
the 60-grain precipitate, we were inclined to think our
correspondent had formed a wrong calculation, as the
difference appeared so little for a solution more than

distilled water, pour the iodide solution into the nitrate
of silver, wash the precipitate in three distilled waters,
pour off" the fluid, and dissolve it in a solution of iodide
of potassium, about 680 grains are required, making
the whole up to four ounces.

Having cut the paper somewhat larger than the
picture, turn up the edges so as to form a dish, and
placing it on a board, pour into it the iodide solution
abundantly, guiding it equally over the surface with a
camel-hair pencil ; continue to wave it to and fro for
five minutes, then pour off the surplus, which serves
over and over again, and after dripping the paper, lay
it to dry on a round surface, so that it dries equally
fast all over ; when almost dry it is well to give it a
sight of the fire, to finish off those parts which remain
wet longest, but not more than just to surface dry it.

Immerse it in common rain-water, often changing it,
and in about twenty minutes all the iodide of potash
is removed. To ascertain this, take up some of the
last water in a glass, and add to it a few drops of a
strong solution of bichloride of mercury in alcohol, the
least trace of hydriodate of potash is detected by a pre-
cipitate of iodide of mercury. A solution of nitrate of
silver is no test whatever unless distilled water is used,
as ordinary water almost invariably contains muriates.
The sooner the washing is over the better. Pin up
the pap.er to drip, and finish drying before a slow fire,
turning it. If hung up to dry by a corner, the parts
longest wet are always weaker than those that dry first.
When dry pass a nearly cold iron over the back, to
smooth it ; if well made it has a fine primrose colour,
and is perfectly even by transmitted light.

To excite the paper, take distilled water two drachms,
drop into it four drops (not minims) of saturated so-
lution of gallic acid, and eight drops (not minims) of
the aceto-nitrate solution; mix. Always dilute the
gallic acid by dropping it into the water before the
aceto-nitrate ; gallate of silver is less readily formed,
and the paper keeps longer in hot weather. If the
temperature is under sixty degreesj use five drops of
gallic acid, and ten of aceto-nitrate ; if above seventy
degrees, use only three drops of gallic acid, and seven
of aceto-nitrate. The aceto-nitrate solution consists of
nitrate of silver fifty grains, glacial acetic acid two
drachms, distilled water one ounce.

Having pinned the paper by two adjacent corners
to a deal board, the eighth of an inch smaller on each
side than it is, to prevent the solutions getting to the
back, lay on the gallo-nitrate abundantly with a soft
cotton brush (made by wedging a portion of fine cotton
into a cork) ; and keep the solution from pooling, by
using the brush with a very light hand. In about two
minutes the paper has imbibed it evenly, and lies dead ;
blot it up, and allow it to dry in a box, or place it at
once in the paper-holder. For fear of stains on the

one-third stronger. We found upon accurately follow-
ing Dr. Mansell's instructions, that it required 734
grains of iodide of potassium to effect a solution, whilst
we have at the same time dissolved the quantity recom-
mended by Dr. Diamond with 598 grains. This little
experiment is a useful lesson to our correspondents,
exhibiting as it does the constantly varying strength of
supposed pure chemicals. — Ed. " N. & Q-"]

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

135

back, it is better to place on the board a clean sheet of
ordinary paper for every picture. It is very important
to have the glass, in which the gallo-nitrate is made,
chemically clean ; every time it is used, it should be
washed with strong nitric acid, and then with distilled
water.

To develop : — Pin the paper on the board as before ;
rapidly brush over it a solution of gallo-nitrate, as
used to excite. As soon as the picture appears, in
about a minute, pour on a saturated solution of gallic
acid abundantly, and keep it from pooling with the
brush, using it with a very light, hand. In about ten
minutes the picture is fully developed. If very slow
in coming out, a few drops of pure aceto-nitrate brushed
over the surface will rapidly bring out the picture ;
but this is seldom required, and it will sometimes
brown the whites. It is better, as soon as the gallic
acid has been applied, to put the picture away from
the light of the candle in a box or drawer, there to
develop quietly, watching its progress every three or
four minutes ; the surface is to be refreshed by a few
light touches of the brush, adding more gallic acid if
necessary. Many good negatives are spoiled by over-
fidgetting in this part of the process. When the pic-
ture is fully out, wash, &c. as usual ; the iodide of
silver is rapidly removed by a saturated solution of
hyposulphite of soda, which acts much less on the
weaker blacks than it does if diluted.

If the picture will not develop, from too short ex-
posure in the camera, a solution of pyrogallic acid, as
Dr. Diamond recommends, after the gallic acid has
done its utmost, greatly increases the strength of the
blacks : it slightly reddens the whites, but not in the
same ratio that it deepens the blacks.

After the first wash with gallo-nitrate, it is essential
to develop these strongly iodized papers with gallic
acid only ; the half-and-half mixture of aceto-nitrate
and gallic acid, which works well with weaker papers,
turns these red.

The paper I use is Whatman's 1849. Turner's
paper, Chafford Mills, if two or three years old, an-
swers equally well. M. L. Mansell, A.B. M.D.

Guernsey, Jan. 30, 1854.

SepltoS ta Jfitnar tiluztiet.

Ned o" the Todding (Vol. ix., p. 36.). — In an-
swer to the inquiry of W. T., I beg to say that he
will find the thrilling narrative of poor Ned of
the Toddin in Southey's Espriella's Letters from
England, vol. ii. p. 42. ; but 1 am not aware of any
lines with the above heading, by which I presume
W. T. to be in search of some poetical rendering
of the tale. F. C. H.

Hour-glasses and Inscriptions on old Pulpits
(Vol. ix., pp. 31. 64.). — In St. Edmund's Church,
South Burlingham, stands an elegant pulpit of the
fifteenth century, painted red and blue, and re-
lieved with gilding. On it there still remains an
old hour-glass, though such appendages were not
introduced till some centuries probably after the

erection of this pulpit. The following legend goes
round the upper part of this pulpit, in the old
English character :

" Inter natos mulierum non surrexit major Johanne
Baptista."

F. C. H.

Table-turning (Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88.). — I have
not Ammianus Marcellinus within reach, but, if I
am not mistaken, after the table had been got into
motion, the oracle was actually given by means of
a ring. This being held over, suspended by a
thread, oscillated or leaped from one to another of
the letters of the alphabet which were engraved oa
the edge of the table, or that which covered it.
The passage would not occupy many lines, and I
think that many readers of " 1ST. & Q." would be
interested if some one of its learned correspondents
would furnish a copy of it, with a close English
translation. N. B.

"Firm was their faith" (Vol. ix., p. 17.). —
Grateful as I am to all who think well enough of
my verses to discuss them in " N. & Q.," yet I
cannot permit them to be incorrectly quoted or
wrongly revised. If, as F. R. R. alleges, I had
written in the third line of the stanza quoted —
" with firm and trusting hands" — then I should
have repeated the same epithet (firm) twice in
three lines. Whereas I wrote, as a reference^ to
Echoes from Old Cornwall, p. 58., will establish,
stern. R. S. Hawker.

The Wilbraham Cheshire MS. (Vol. viii.,
pp. 270. 303.). — With regard to this highly curious
MS., I am enabled to state that it is still preserved
at Delamere House, the seat of George Fortescue
Wilbraham, Esq., by whom it has been continued
down to the present time. Mr. Wilbraham has
answered this Query himself, but from some acci-
dent his reply did not appear in the pages of
" N. & Q." I therefore, having recently seen the
MS., take this opportunity of assuring your
querist of its existence.

W. J. Bernhard Smith.

Temple.

Mousehunt (Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 65.). — This animal is well known by this name
in Norfolk, where the marten is very rare, if not
entirely unknown. The Norfolk mousehunt, or
mousehunter, is the Mustela vulgains. (Vide Forby's
Vocab. of East Anglia, vol. ii. p. 222., who errs,
however, in calling it the stoat, but says that it is
the " smallest animal of the weasel tribe, and
pursues the smallest prey.") It would be of much
use, both to naturalists and others, if our zoological
works would give the popular provincial names of
animals and birds; collectors might then more
easily procure specimens from labourers, &c. I
have formed a list of Norfolk names for birds,

136

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

■which shall appear in " K". & Q." if desired. The
Norfolk Mustelidce in order of size are the "poll-
cat" or weasel ; the stoat, or carre ; the mouse-
hunt, mousehunter, or lobster. A popular notion
of gamekeepers is, that pollcats add a new lobe to
their livers every year of their lives ; but the dis-
gusting smell of the animal prevents examining
this point by dissection. E. G. 11.

If Fennell's Natural History of Quadrupeds be
correctly quoted, as it is stated to be " a very ex-
cellent and learned work," Mr. Fennell must have
been a better naturalist than geographer, for he
says of the beech marten :

" In Selkirkshire it has been observed to descend to
the shore at night time to feed upon moll asks, particu-
larly upon the large basket mussel (Mytilus modiolus)."

Selkirkshire, as you well know, is an inland
county, nowhere approaching the sea by many
miles : I would fain hope, for Mr. Fennell's sake,
that Selkirkshire is either a misprint or a misquo-
tation. J. Ss.

Begging the Question (Vol. viii., p. 640.). — This
is a common logical fallacy, petitio principii ; and
the first known use of the phrase is to be found in
Aristotle, to £v apxn o.lTuadax^Topics,h. viii. ch.xiii.,
Bohn's edition), where the five ways of " begging
the question," as also the contraries thereof, are set
forth. In the Prior Analytics (b. n. ch. xvi.) he
gives one instance from mathematicians —

"who fancy that they describe parallel lines, for
they deceive themselves by assuming such things as
they cannot demonstrate unless they are parallel.
Hence it occurs to those who thus syllogise to say that
each thing is, if it is ; and thus everything will be
known through itself, which is impossible."

T. J. BuCKTON.
Birmingham.

Termination "-by" (Vol. viii., p. 105.). — On
going over an alphabetical list of places from A
to G, I obtained these results :

Lincoln ------ 65

Leicester - - - - - -21

York 24

Northampton ----- 9
Cumberland ----- 7

Norfolk 6

Westmoreland ----- 3
Lancashire ----- 2

Derby 2

Nottingham ----- 2

Sussex ------ 1

Total - - - 142

Results of a similar character were obtained in
reference to -thorp, -trop, -thrup, or -drop; Lin-
coln again heading the list, but closely followed
by Norfolk, then Leicester, Notts, &c. B. H. C.

German Tree (Vol. viii., p. 619. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 65.). — Eryx has mistaken my Query owing to
its vagueness. When I said, " Is this the first
notice of a German tree in England ? " I meant,
" Is this the first notice of a Gennan-tree-in-Eng-
land ? " and not " Is this the first notice-in-Eng-
land of a German-tree ? " as Eryx understood it.

Zeus.

Celtic Etymology (Vol. ix., p. 40.). — If the h
must be "exhasperated" (as Matthews used to
say) in words adopted into the English language,
how does it happen that we never hear it in hour,
honour, heir, honest, and humour? Will E. C. H.
be so kind as to inform me on this point ? With
regard to the word humble, in support of the h
being silent, I have seen it stated in a dictionary,
but by whom I cannot call to mind, in a list of
words nearly spelled alike, and whose sound is
the same :

" Humble, low, submissive."

" Umbles, the entrails of a deer."

Hence the point of the sarcasm " He will be made
to eat humble pie ;" and it serves in this instance
to show that the h is silent when the word is pro-
perly pronounced.

The two words isiol and irisiol, properly uirisiol,
which E. C. II. has stated to be the original Celtic
words signifying humble, have quite a different
meaning : for isiol is quietly, silently, without
noise ; and uirisiol means, sneaking, cringing,
crawling, terms which could not be applied with-
out injustice to a really humble honest person.
The Iberno-Phcenician umal bears in itself evi-
dence that it is not borrowed from any other
language, for the two syllables are intelligible
apart from each other; and the word can be at
once reduced to its root urn, to which the Sanscrit
word kshama, as given by E. C. H., bears no re-
semblance whatever. Fras. Crossley.

Recent Curiosities of Literature (Vol. ix., p. 31.).
— Your correspondent Mr. Cuthbert Bebe has
done well in directing Mr. Thackeray's attention
to the error of substituting " candle" for " candle-
stick," at p. 47. of The Newcomes ; but it appears
that the author discovered the error, and made a
clumsy effort to rectify it ; for he elsewhere gives
us to understand, that she died of a wound in her
temple, occasioned by coming into contact with
the stone stairs. See H. Newcome's letter.

The following curiosity of literature lately ap-
peared in the London papers, in a biographical
notice of the late Viscount Beresford, which is
inserted in the Naval and Military Gazette of
January 14, 1854 :

" Of honorary badges be had, first, A cross depen-
dent from seven clasps : this indicated his having
been present in eleven battles during the Peninsular
War. His name was unaccountably omitted in the

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

137

return of those present at Ciudad Rodrigo. When
Her Majesty gracefully extended the honorary dis-
tinctions to all the survivors of the groat war, Lord
Beresford received the Peninsular medal, with two
clasps, for Egypt and Ciudad Rodrigo."

The expression should have been " the silver
medal," not "Peninsular;" as, among the names
of battles engraved on the clasps attached to the
silver war-medals, granted in 1 849, will be found
the words "Martinique," " Fort Detroit," " Cha-
teauguay," " Chrystler's Farm," and " Egypt."

JlJVERNA.

D. O. M. (Vol. iii., p. 173.).— I am surprised
that there should be the least doubt that the
above are the initials of " Datur omnibus mari."

R. W. D.

Dr. John Taylor (Vol. viii., p. 299.). — There
are several errors in the communication of S. R.
He states that " Dr. John Taylor was buriedat
Kirkstead, Lancashire, where his tomb is distin-
guished by the following simple inscription."

1. Kirkstead is in Lincolnshire.

2. Dr. John Taylor lies interred in the burial-
ground attached to the Presbyterian Chapel at
Chowbent, near Bolton, in Lancashire.

3. The inscription on the tombstone is as
follows :

" Here is interred the Rev. John Taylor, D.D., of
"Warrington, formerly of Norwich, who died March 5,
1761, aged 66."

4. The inscription given by S. R. is on a slab in
the chapel at Chowbent. I may add that this
inscription was drawn up by Dr. Enfield,

Thomas Baker.

Manchester.

Lines attributed to Iludibras (Vol. i., p. 211.). —

" For he that fights and runs away,
May live to fight another day."

In so far as I can understand from the various
articles in " N. & Q." regarding the above quo-
tation, it is to be found in the Musarum Delicia,
12mo., 1656. There is a copy of this volume now
lying before me, the title-page of which runs thus :

" Musarum Delicia?, or the Muses' Recreation ; con-
taining severall pieces of Poetique Wit. The second
edition, by S* J. M. and Ja. S. London : Printed by
J. G. for Henry Herringman, and are to be sold at his
Shop, at the Signe of the Anchor in the New Ex-
change, 1656."

This copy seems to have at one time belonged
to Longmans, as it is described in the Bib. An.
Poetica, having the signatures of " Orator Henly,"
"Ritson," and "J.Park." I have read this vo-
lume over carefully twice, and I must confess my
inability to find any such two lines as the above
noted, there. As I do not think Mr. Cunningham,

in his Handbook of London, or Dr. Rimbaultj
would mislead any one, I am afraid my copy,
being a second edition, may be incomplete ; and as
I certainly did not get the volume for nothing,
will either of these gentlemen, or any other of the
readers of" N. & Q.," who have seen other editions,
let me know this ?

There is a question asked by Melanion re-
garding the entire quotation, which I have not yet
seen answered, which is, —

" For he that fights and runs away,
May live to fight another day ;
But he that is in battle slain,
Can never hope to fight again."

Are these last two lines in the Musarum Delicia? f
or are these four lines to be found anywhere in
conjunction ? If this could be found, it would in
my opinion settle the question. S. Wmson.

" Corporations have no Soids," frc. (Vol. viii.,
p. 587). — In Poynder's Literary Extracts, under
the title " Corporations," there occurs the follow-
ing passage :

" Lord Chancellor Thurlow said that corporations
have neither bodies to be punished, nor souls to be
condemned ; they therefore do as they like."

There are also two long extracts, one from Cow-
per's Task, book iv., and the other from the Life
of Wilberforce, vol. ii., Appendix, bearing on the
same subject. Arch. Weir.

Lord Mayor of London a Privy Councillor
(Vol. iv. passim). — Mr. Serjeant Merewether,
Town Clerk to the Corporation of London, in his
examination before the City Corporation Com-
mission, said that it had been the practice from
time immemorial, to summon the Lord Mayor of
London to the fiist Privy Council held after the
demise of the crown. (The Standard, Jan. 13,
1854, p. i. col. 5.) L. Hartxy.

Booty's Case (Vol. iii., p. 170.). — A story re-
sembling that of " Old Booty " is to be found in
St. Gregory the Great's Dialogues, iii. 30., where
it is related that a hermit saw Theodoric thrown
into the crater of Lipari by two of his victims,
Pope John and Symmachus. J. C. R.

" Sat cito, si sat bene " (Vol. vii., p. 594.). — St.
Jerome (Ep. lxvi. § 9., ed. Vallars) quotes this as
a maxim of Cato's. J. C. R.

Celtic and Latin Languages (Vol. ix., p. 14.). —
Allow me to suggest to T. H. T. that the word
Gallus, a Gaul, is not, of course, the same as the
Irish Gal, a stranger. Is it not rather the Latin
form of Gaoithil (pronounced Gael or Gaul), the
generic appellation of our Erse population ? la
Welsh it is Gwydyl, to this day their term for an
Irishman.

138

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

Gaoll, stranger, is used in Erie to denote a
foreign settler, e. g. the Earl of Caithness is Mor-
phear (pronounced Morar) Gaoll, the stranger

freat man ; being lord of a corner of the land in-
abited by a foreign race.
Galloway, on the other hand, takes its name
from the Gael, being possessed by a colony of that
people from Kintyre, &c, who long retained the
name of the wild Scots* of Galloway, to distinguish
them from the Brets or British inhabitants of the
rest of the border. Fkancis John Scott, M.A.
Holy Trinity, Tewkesbury.

Brydone the Tourist's Birth-place (Vol. vii.,
p. 108.). — According to Chambers's Lives of Scots-
men, vol. i. p. 384., 1832, Brydone was the son of
a clergyman in the neighbourhood of Dumbarton,
where he was born in the year 1741. When he
came to England, he was engaged as travelling
preceptor by Mr. Beckford, to whom his Tour
through Sicily and Malta is addressed. In a copy
of this work, now before me, I find the following
remarks written in pencil :

" These travels are written in a very plausible style,
but little dependence is to be placed upon their veracity.
Brydone never was on the summit of iEtna, although
he describes the prospect from it in such glowing
colours."

It is right to add, that the writer of these re-
marks was long a resident in Italy, and in constant
habits of intercourse with the most distinguished
scholars of that country. J. Macray.

Oxford.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The second volume of Murray's British Classics,
which is also the second of Mr. Cunningham's edition
of The Works of Oliver Goldsmith, fully justifies all we
said in commendation of its predecessor. It contains
Goldsmith's Enquiry into the State of Polite Literature
in Europe, and his admirable series of letters, entitled
The Citizen of the World. Mr. Cunningham tells us
that " he has been careful to mark all Goldsmith's own
notes with his name ; " his predecessors having in
some instances adopted them as their own, and in
others omitted them altogether, although they are at
times curiously illustrative of the text. We are glad
to see that Mr. Murray announces a new edition, re-
vised and greatly enlarged, of Mr. Foster's valuable
Life of Goldsmith, uniform with the present collection
of Goldsmith's writings.

Memorials of the Canynges Family and their Times ;
Westbury College, Redcliffe Church, and Chatterton, by
George Pryce, is the somewhat abbreviated title of a
goodly octavo volume, on which Mr. Pryce has bestowed

* Scot or Scott is applied only to the men of Gaelic
extraction in our old records.

great industry and research, and by which he hopes to
clear away the mists of error which have overshadowed
the story of the Canynges family during the Middle
Ages, and to show their connexion with the erection
or restoration of Westbury College and Redcliff
Church. As Mr. Pryce has some few inedited memo-
randa relating to Chatterton, he has done well to in-
corporate them in a volume dedicated in some measure
to the history of Bristol's " Merchant Prince."

Poetical Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey,
Minor Contemporaneous Poets, and Thomas Sackville,
Lord Buchhurst, edited by Robert Bell, forms the
second volume of Parker's Annotated Edition of the
British Poets. Availing himself, very properly, of the
labours of his predecessors, Mr. Bell has given us very
agreeable and valuable memoirs of Surrey and Buck-
hurst ; and we have no doubt that this cheap edition
of their works will be the means of putting them into
the hands of many readers to whom they were before
almost entirely unknown.

The Library Committee of the Society of Anti-
quaries, having had under their consideration the state
of the engraved portraits in the possession of the So-
ciety, consulted one of the Fellows, Mr. W. Smith, as
to the best mode of arrangement. That gentleman,
having gone through the collection, advised that in
future the Society should chiefly direct its attention to
the formation of a series of engraved Portraits of the
Fellows, and with great liberality presented about
one hundred and fifty such portraits as his contribu-
tion towards such collection. Mr. Smith's notion is
certainly a very happy one : and we mention that and
his very handsome donation, in hopes of thereby ren-
dering as good service to the Society's Collection of
Portraits, as we are glad to learn has been rendered
to their matchless Series of Proclamations by our
occasional notices of them.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Torrens on Wages and Combinations. Longmans. 1834.

*„* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTKs AND
QUKRIKS." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The British Preserve, etched by S. Howitt. Prints, 2. The
Badger, and 6. The Stag.

Wanted by Mr. James Pascoe, Solicitor, Penzance.

An Account of the Ministers, &c, who were Ejected or
Silenced after the Restoration in 16G0, by or before the Act for
Uniformity. Second Edition. Vol. I. By Edmund Calamy,
D.D. 1713.
Blomefield's Norfolk.

Wanted by John Nurse Chadurick, Solicitor, King's Lynn,
Norfolk.

Sanders' History of Shenstone, in Staffordshire.
Wanted by C. J. D., Post Office, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.

The Hive, having the First Edition of Vol. I.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Feb. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

139

Dublin University Calendars and Examination Papers for
1835, 1836, 1844, and 1845.

Sheridan's (Thos.) Lectures on the Art of Reading. 8vo.
Lond. 1781. " „

Blacker's (Col. Val.) Memoirs of thb Operations op the Bri-
tish Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1817, 1818,
and 1819. 4to. Lond. 1821. Also, by the same, a Map of
Hindostan, from his own survey.

Parker's (Capt. Robert) Memoirs of the most remarkable
Military Transactions from 1683 to 1718. 8vo. Lond. 1747.
Wanted by Rev. B. H. Blacker, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.

Allister's Paradigma Chess Openings.

Russell's Elements of Painting with Crayons. 1772.

Phillip's Life of Smith (the Geologist).

Hirscher's Sympathies of the Continent, translated by Coxe.

J. H. Parker. 1852. „ , .

Sir H. Nicolas's Edition of Walton and Cotton s Angler.
Windsor Castle, by Ainsworth. The original edition, 8vo.

with Plates.

Wanted by Mr. Hat/ward, Bookseller, Bath.

Wordsworth's Poetical Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. Moxon.

Vol. I. Morocco. (The missing volume was lent to a

student at Cambridge by C. B. W. in 1844.)
Boscoe's Italian Novelist. Second Edition. 4 Vols. 12mo.

Vol. III.
First or Early Edition of The Christian World Unmasked,

by John Berridge.
John Berridge's Works. 8vo. Simpkin & Co.
Geo. Sandys' Paraphrase of the Psalms. Small Edition.
Poems by George Withers. Separate or Collected.
Drayton's Poems. 12mo. Edition.
Walton's Lives. Tonson or Dodsley. 1-Vol. Edition.
Paxton's Magazine of Botany. Nos. 169. and 179. Orr&Co. ■
Wanted by Mr. Hiscoke, Bookseller, Richmond, Surrey.

The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe. Vol. I. Edited

by Rev. S. Cattley. Seeley and Burnside.
Voltaire's Works. Vol. I. Translated by Smollett. Francklin,
. London, 1761.
Ecclesiologist. Vol. V. In Numbers or unbound.

Wanted by E. Hailstone, Horton Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire.

Forster's Perennial Calendar and Companion to the Al-
manack. 8vo. London, 1824.
Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers,
Grafton Street, Dublin.

fiotfcetf to ULaxxti^awMtnti.

3. D. (Cheltenham). The work you allude to is Wace't
Roman de Brut, which was published under the editorship of
M. Le Roux de Lincy in 1836.

B. O. The paginal references are omitted to the extracts from
Mr. Buckley's translation of Mschylus ; but probably the original
text would solve the Query.

R. The print of a bishop burnt in Smithfleld cannot be identi-
fied without a sight of the engraving.

G. D. For the origin of Plough Monday, see Brady's Clavis
Calendaria, vol. i. pp. 160—162. ; and Brand's Popular Antiqui-
ties, vol. i. pp. 505—508. (Bohn's edition).

A Communication from Dr. Diamond on the manufacture of
collodion, and also a very interesting one from Mr. J. Maxwell
Lyte, in our next Number.

Anomymous Photographic Correspondent. We have given
in former Numbers admirable formula; for printing positives.
Mr. Pollock's mode on albumenised paper produces beautiful
results, as does also the more simple one recommended by Dr.
Diamond. In one of our earliest Photographic communications
an iodized form was given which may be used by feeble or arti-
ficial light, and which is highly useful.

A. R. (Bombay). Iodide of silver should not be dried for pho-
tographic purposes after it is formed ; therefore you must rest
contented to approach the nearest you can to the requisite quantity
by careful manipulation. A note appended to our photographic
article in this Number sufficiently indicates how often we must
depend upon our own judgment, and how difficult it is to reduce
Photography to exact taws when the substances used are so con-
stantly varying.

T. M. The sample sent of Whatman's writing-paper iodizes
most beautifully. It has always been the case that paper made
for ordinary purposes is often much better than that made for
Photography alone.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price il. 4s — For these early application
is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

r\]

tHRONICLES OF THE AN-

\J CIENT BRITISH CHURCH, previous
to the Arrival of St. Augustine, a. d. 596.
Second Edition. Post 8vo. Price 5s. cloth.

"A work of great utility to general readers."
— Morning Post.

" The author has collected with much in-
dustry and care all the information which can
throw light on his subject."— Guardian.

" Not unworthy the attention of our clerical
friends." —Notes and Queries, ii. 453.
London: WERTHEIM & MACINTOSH,

24. Paternoster Row, and of all Booksellers.

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL,
Broad Sanctuary, opposite Westminster
Abbey. — This Hospital was instituted in the
year 1719, and is the oldest hospital in England
supported by voluntary contributions. The
high prices of provisions and coals have mate-
rially increased the current expenditure, and a
sum of not less than 800Z. is required to meet
the payment of the tradesmen's bills to Christ-
mas last. 16,000 persons are relieved annually,
and 'he doors of the Hospital are open night
and day for the reception of cases of accident
and urgent disease. The Committee earnestly
entreat the aid of the benevolent at the present
time.

Donations and subscriptions will be thank-
fully received by MESSRS. BOUVERIE &
CO., 11. Haymarket ; MESSRS. HOARE &
CO., Fleet Street ; by the HON. P. PLEY-
DELL BOUVERIE, and P. R. HOARE,
ESQ., the joint Treasurers ; or by the Secre-
tary at the Hospital.

F. G. WILSON, Secretary.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag

I with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-

I ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

i J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

M

R. KEIGHTLEY'S HISTO-
RICAL AND CLASSICAL WORKS.

s. d.
2 vols. 12mo., 4th

History of England
edition, cloth

14 0

The Volumes are sold separately, 7s. each.

History of Greece. 12mo., 6th edition,
cloth 6 6

History of Rome. 12mo., 6th edition,
cloth - - - - - 6 6

Questions on the Histories. 12mo. each 1 0

History of India. 8vo., cloth - - 8 0

History of the Roman Empire. 12mo.,
3rd edition, cloth - - - 6 6

Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy.
8vo., 3rd edition, cloth (nearly ready) 12 6

The Mythology Abridged. 18mo. 7th
edition, bound - - - - 4 0

Ovid's Fasti. With Notes and Intro-
duction. 2nd edition, 8vo., cloth 6 6

The Catilina and Jugurtha of Sallust,
with Notes and Excursus, post8vo.,
cloth - - - - - 6 6

Tales and Popular Fictions. Wood-
cuts, fcap. 8vo., cloth - - - 6 6

Elementary History of England. 12mo.,
3rd edition, bound - - - 5 0

Elementary History of Greece. 18mo.,
2nd edit., bound - - - 3 6

Elementary History of Rome. 18mo.,
3rd edition, bound - - - 3 6

These works are used at the chief public
schools, and by the tutors at the Universities,
and are admirably adapted for private and
self-instruction.

WHTTTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.

140

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 224.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tone3. constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer. Albumenised paper, for printing
from glass or paper negatives, giving a minute-
ness of detail unattained by any other method,
5«. per Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.
BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-

phical Instrument Makers, and Operative

Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
*** Catalogues sent on application.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
— OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manu-
factory,24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
Road. Islington. OTTE WILL'S Registered
Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
Landscapes or l'ortraits, may be had of A,
ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Ilolborn ; the
Photographic Institution, Bond Street : and
at the Manufactory as above, where every de-
scription of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may
be had. The Trade supplied.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-
DION.- J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published j without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Poit, \s.2d.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
Se CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous View3, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicicy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals. &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a rcher and finer
tone, more clastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwiliiam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover. Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. II. Holmes,
"W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder. W. H.
Montgomery. S.Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
Parry, II. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault. Frank Romer, G. II. Kodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves. J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, II. Westrop, T. It. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

IN A FEW DAYS.

ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES IN FRANCE.

By the REV. J. L. PETIT.

Q3 from Drawings by P. H. DELAMOl
Imperial 8vo.

GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET.

With Numerous Illustrations from Drawings by P. H. DELAMOTTE, and by the AUTHOR.
Imperial 8vo.

w

ESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1812.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;
T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rales of Premium for Assuring
10"./.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age

£ s. d.

Age

£ s. d.

■ llii

32-

- 2 10 8

- 1 18 8

37-

■

- 2 18 6

-245

42-

-

- 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCIILEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10«. 6'/., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the (General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
ike. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCIILEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

POLICY HOLDERS in other
COMPANIES, and intending Assurers
generally, are invited to examine th>- Rates.
Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only
Society in which the Advantages of Mutual
Assurance can be secured by moderate Pre-
miums. Established 1837. Number of Poli-
cies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and
a Half Millions.

Full Reports and every Information had
(Free) on Application.

*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp
Duty ; and attention is invited to the circum-
stance that Premiums oayable for Life Assur-
ance are now allowed as a Deduction from
Income in the Returns for Income Tax.

GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec.
London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

Published Monthly, price 6d. ; or 7d. stamped.

T^HE ENGLISH JOURNAL OF

I EDUCATION. Especially designed for
Upper Schools : containing Paoers on Educa-
tional Subjects, and Impartial Criticisms and
Notices of New Books, contributed by dis-
tinguished Scholars.

Contents op January Ncmiub : — On
making Grammar Schools more available as
Middle Schools ; On Teaching Modern Lan-
guages j On the Introduction of Practical
Science into Higher Schools ; Review of Pa-
ley's Propertiu3, &c.

Contents of February Number : — Cathe-
dral Schools ; On Accent and Quantity, with
Remarks on Professor Blackie ; Principles of
Astronomy ; Review of Pillans's Classical
Geography, &c.

A Specimen Number will be sent Gratis, on.
direct Application.

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

TTOTICE. — The New Issue of

1 1 "THE KAFIR, THE CAPE, and THE
FRONTIER FARMER," being Sol. ctions
from the Journals of ARCHDEACON MER-
RIMAN, will be ready next Week. Price
3s. 6t/.

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

This Day is published, price 3s. 6c/.

A TREATISE ON THE

t\ EPISCOPATE OF THE ANTE-NI-
CENE CHURCH, (with Especial Reference
to the Earlv Position of the Roman Seel. Bt
the REVEREND GEORGE M. GORIIAM,
B.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge,
and Crosse University Scholar.

Cambridge : J. DEIGHTON.
London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.

Just published, price 7s. 6rf.

A TREATISE ON HANNI-

r\. BAL'S PASSAGE OF THE ALPS,
in which his Route is trace 1 over the LITTLE
MONT CENIS. By ROBERT ELLIS, B.D.,
Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge.

Cambridge : J. DEIGHTON.
London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON.

THE SEPTUAGINT OF THE CHRISTIAN
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE for FEBRUARY contains a Re-
view of the conduct of the Society for Pr omoting
Christian Knowledge in the production of their
edition of the Septuagint printed at Athens.

" We have the canon of Scripture distinctly-
laid down in our Articles, and exhibited In an
auth rised English Bible. It i« not an open
quest'on, whether we may follow that pre-
scribed by our Reformers, or select those of the
Eastern or Western Church. As members of
the Church of England, we are bound to con-
form to the canon of Scripture laid down in the
Sixth Article."

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, m the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Gkorke Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish ol fat. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 180. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, February 1 1. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 225.]

Saturday, February 18. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Scamped Edition, £<?.

CONTENTS.

Notes : —

Page

Remarkable Imprints - - - 143

Legends of the Co. Clare, by Francis

Robert Davies - - - - 145

Canting Arms - - - - 1 16

Minor Notes : — Selleridge — Tombs
of Bishops — Lines on visiting the
Portico of Beau Nash's Palace, Bath-
Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent — A
Hint to Publishers _ Uhland, the
German Poet — Virgilian Inscription
for an Infant School - 146

Queries : —

The Shippcn Family— John White, by

Thos.Balch - - - - 147

Books issued in Parts and not completed 147

Minor Queries : — " Hovd Maet of
Laet " _ Hand in Church — Egger
Moths — The Yorkshire Dales— Ciss,
Cissle, ffce. — Inn Signs, &c. — Smiths
and Robinsons — Coin of Carausius —
Verelst the Painter — Latin Treatise
on whipping School-boys — White-
washing in Churches — Surname
" Kynoch " — Dates of published
Works — Saw-dust Recipe - - 118

3Iinor Queries with Answers : —
Branks, or Gossips' Bridles — Not
«aring a Fig for anything — B. C. Y.

Earl Nugent's Poems — Huntbach

MSS. — Holy Loaf Money — St.
Philip's, Bristol — Foreign Univer-
sities - - - - - 149

Death-.varnings in Ancient Families,
by C. Mansfield Inglcby

Starvation, by N. L. Melville, &c.

Osmotherley in Yorkshire, by T. Gill -

Echo Poetry, by Jas. J. Scott

Rluckguard - - - - -

" Wurin," in Modern German — Pas-
sage in Schiller's " Wallenstein "
'Was Shakspeare descended from a
Landed Proprietor ? by R. Gole, &c. -

Lord Fairfax ....

'Photographic Correspondence : — Mr.
Lyte on Collodion — Dr. Diamond on
Sensitive Collodion -

/Replies to Minor Queries : — Portrait
of Alva — Lord Mayor of London
not a Privy Councillor — New Zea-
lander and Westminster Bridge —
Cui Bono — Barrels Regiment — Sir
Matthew Hale — Scotch Grievance —

— " Merciful Judgments of High
Church," &c. — Robert Dudley, Earl
of Leicester — Fleet Prison — The
Commons of Ireland previous to the
Union— "Les Lettres Juives"_Sir
Philip Wentworth — General Fraser

— Namby-Pamby — The Word " Mi-
ser "— The Forlorn Hope—Thornton

Abbey — " Quid fades," &c Clvrist-

Cross-Rovr— Sir Walter Scott, and his
Quotations from himself, &c. -

Miscellaneous: —

Notes on Books, &c. -

Books and Odd Volumes wanted

Notices to Correspondents

Vol. IX. — No. 225.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
—THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is

now open at the Gallery of the Society of
British Artists, Suffolk Street. Pall Mall, in the
Morning from 10 a.m. to half-past 4 p.m., ad-
mission Is. ; and in the Evening from 7 to
10 p.m., admission 3d. Catalogue 6d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITU-
TION. - An EXHIBITION of PIC-
TURES, by the most celebrated French,
Italian, and English Photographers, embrac-
ing Views of the principal Countries and Cities
of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6rf. A
Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT S Fatent
Process, One Guinea ; Two extra Copies for

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. NEW BOND STREET.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extens.vely employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 163. Fleet
Street, London.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's l'oeket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., auiUl. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

RECENT DISCOVERIES AT NINEVEH.

A LECTURE, illustrated by
numerous Coloured Diagrams, will be
given upon the above subject by

AUSTEN H. LAYARD, ESQ., D.C.L., M.P.,
At the Beaumont Institution, Beaumont
Square, Mile End Road, on WEDNESDAY
EVENING, Feb. 22nd, at a Quarter before
Eight.

The Proceeds will be applied for the benefit
of the Schools and other Parochial Charities,
of St. Thomas, Stepney, a district containing
1 1,000 people, who are mostly poor.

TICKETS may be procured at Messrs.
Hatchard's, 187. Piccadilly ; Messrs. Seeley's,
2. Hanover Squaie, and 54. Fleet Street ;
Messrs. Rivingtons , Waterloo Place ; Mann &
Co., 39. Cornhill ; and the Rev. W. Valentine,
St. Thomas', Stepney.

PRICES— East of Hall, Is.; Balcony, 2s. 6d. ;
Centre of Hall, 3s. ; Reserved Seats, 6s.

A

This Day, crown 8vo., 8s.

YEAR WITH THE TURKS.

By WARINGTON SMYTH, M.A.
With a Map, by J. W. LuWRY.

London : JOHN W. PARKER Ic SON,
West Strand .

GRIMM'S TEUTONIC
WORKS. -Jacob Grimm's Deutsche
Grammatik. 4 vols. 8vo., 1822-37 (published
at 3D, sewed, 2 Guineas. Grimm's Geschichte
der Deutscheu Sprache, 2 vols. 8vo., 1853, sewed.
10*.

Sold by QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street,
Leicester Square.

*** QUARITCH'S CATALOGUES of
Valuable, Rare, and Curious Works, many on
Philology, Oriental Literature, and the Fine
Arts, &c, arc published Monthly, and sent
Gratis for a Year on prepayment of Twelve
Postage Stamps.

SPANISH Dictionaries, Gram-
mars, and all the Principal Works of
Spanish Literature, sold by

QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester

Square.

*** Catalogues Gratis.

RIBLES in One Hundred various
Oriental and European Languages con-
stantly on Sale by

B. QUARITCH, Second-hand Oriental and
Foreign Bookseller, 16. Castle Street, Lei-
cester Square.

*** QUARITCH'S MONTHLY CATA-
LOGUES Gratis, on prepayment of Twelve

Stamps.

T7RENCH NOVELS by PAUL

JP DE KOCK.

Sold by QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street,
Leicester Square.

*** QUARITCH'S CATALOGUES of his
Extensive Second-hand Stock of French.
Works, Gratis.

142

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

WORKS

BY THE

REV. DR. MAITLAND.

THE DARK AGES; being a

Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the
State of RELIGION and LITERATURE in
the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries. Re-
printed from the " British Magazine," with
Corrections, and some Additions ; uniformly
with the present Volume. Third Edition.
10s. 6d.

ESSAYS on Subjects connected

with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND.
Tteprinted, with Additions, from the " British
Magazine." 13s.

ERUVIN ; or MISCELLA-
NEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with
the NATURE, HISTORY, and DESTINY
of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s.

EIGHT ESSAYS on various

Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. 6d.

A LETTER to the REV. DR.

MILL, containing some STRICTURES on
MR. FABEK'S recent Work, entitled "The
Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses." 8vo.
Is. 6d.

THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM.

New Edition. Small 8vo. 5s. 6d.

NOTES on tbe CONTRIBU-
TIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND,
M.A., Canon of Durham, to the New Edition
of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three
Parts : 1 . On the Memoir of Fox, ascribed to
his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Histo-
rical Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. 6tf.

REMARKS on the REV. S. R.

CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of
FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

TWELVE LETTERS ON

FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Re-
printed from the " British Magazine." 8vo. 6s.

A REVIEW of FOX'S HIS-
TORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. Is. 6d.

A LETTER to the REV.

HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to
His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury ; with
STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH
HISTORY. 8vo. Is. 6c/.

A SECOND LETTER to the

REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D. ; con-
taining NOTES on MILNEK'S HISTORY
of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CEN-
TURY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A LETTER to the REV. JOHN

KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church,
Hull ; occasioned by his PAMPHLET, en-
titled " Maitland not authorised to censure
Milner." 8vo. 2s. 6d.

REMARKS on that Part of the

REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled
" Maitland not authorised to censure Milner,"
which relates to the WALDENSES, includ-
ing a Reply to the REV. G. S. FABER'S
SUPPLEMENT, entitled "Reinerius and
Maitland." 8vo. 2s. 6d.

An INDEX of such ENGLISH

BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are
now in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth.
8vo. 4s.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.

Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised
and corrected. Dedicated by Special Per-
mission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF
CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR
THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH.
The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H.
MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The
Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable
also to Two or One, including Chants for the
Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise System of Chanttno, by J. B.
SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to
Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth,
price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21.
Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on
the receipt of a Post-office Order for that
amount : and , by order, of the principal Book-
sellers and Music Warehouses.

" A great advance on the works we have
hitherto had, connected with our Church and
Cathedral Service."— Times.

" A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly un-
equalled in this country ."— Literary Gazette.

" One of the best collections of tunes which
we have yet seen. Well merits the distin-
guished patronage under which it appears." —
Musical World.

" A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
with a system of Chanting of a very superior
character to any which has hitherto appeared."
— John Bull.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Also, lately published,

J.B. SALE'S SANCTUS,

COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as per-
formed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.

C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.

PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.

One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth,
price 6s.

THE ETYMOLOGICAL COM-

I PENDIUM ; or, PORTFOLIO OF
ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS : relating to

Language, Literature, and Government.
Architecture and Sculpture.
Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Disco-
veries.
Articles of Dress, &c.
Titles Dignities, &c.
Names, Trades, Professions.
Parliament, Laws, &c.
Universities and Religious Sects.
Epithets and Phrases.
Kemarkable Customs.
Games, Field Sports.
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.
Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.

By WILLIAM PULLEYN.

The Third Edition, revised and improved,

By MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.

" The additions to this book indicate the
editor to be his father's own son. He deals in
folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular
sayings, and has an eye to all things curious
and note-worthy. The book tells everything."
— Gentleman's Magazine.

" The book contains avast amount of curious
information and useful memoranda." — Lite-
rary Gazette.

" An invaluable manual of amusement and
information.'' — Morning Chronicle.

" This is a work of great practical usefulness.
It is a Notes and Queries in miniature. . . .
The revision which the present edition of it has
undergone has greatly enhanced its original
value." — Era.

London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

Just published, Gratis, and Post Free, Part II.
(New Series) of

A CATALOGUE OF USEFUL
AND CURIOUS BOOKS, including an
interesting Collection on the times of Charles I.
and II. ; also a fine selection of the Works of
Thomas Bewick ; together with Autograph
Letters, &c. On Sale by RICHARD JAMES
BELL, 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.

TOPOGRAPHER & GENEALOGIST,

EDITED BY

JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.

The Xlllth Part of this Work is now published,
price 3s. 6d. , containing :

Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield,
in the Parish of Cudham, Kent, by G. Stein-
man Steinman, Esq.,F.S.A.

Petition to Parliament from the Borough of
Wotton Basset, in the reign of Charles I., rela-
tive to the right of the Burgesses to Free Com-
mon of Pasture in Fasterne Great Park.

Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS.
Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy King
of Arms.

Was William of Wykeham of the Family of
Swatcliffe ? By Charles Wykeham Martin,
Esq., M.P..F.S.A.

Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to
the Irish Exchequer, relative to the Chattel
Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other fugi-
tives from Ulster in the year 1616, communi-
cated by James F. Ferguson , Esq. , of the Ex-
chequer Record Office, Dublin.

Indenture enumerating various Lands in
Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (.1489).

Two Volumes of this Work are now com-
pleted, which are published in cloth boards,
price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price
3s. 6rf. each. Among its more important ar-
ticles are —

Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with In-
troductory Observations on the Ancient
Earldoms of England, by the Editor.
On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of
Cheshire, with the Ardens of Warwickshire.
By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S. A.
Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family
of Norres, written by Sir William Norres, of
Speke, co. Lane, in 1563 ; followed by an ab-
stract of charters, &c.
The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey,
Esq., of Winchelsea, sc, M.P., the father of
Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in 1655.
Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to

1620, edited by B. W. Greenfield, Esq.
The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her

death in 1620.
Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods.
Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne,
Arundell of Aynho, Babington, Barry, Bay-
ley, Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry,
Clarke, Clerke, Clinton, Close, Dabridge-
court, Dakyns or Dakeynes, D'Oyly, Drew,
FitzAlan, Fitzherbert, Franceis, Freming-
ham, G* 11, Hammond, Harlakenden, He-
neage, Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman,
Horde, Hustler, Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley,
Marche, Marston, Meynell, Norres, Peirse,
Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Policy, Pycheford,
Pitchford, Pole or De la Pole, Preston, Vis-
count Tarah, Thexton, Tregose. Turner of
Kirkleatham, Ufford, Waleraiid, Walton, and
Yate.
The Genealogies of more than ninety families
of Stockton-upon-Tees, by Wm. D'Oyly
Bayley, Esq., F.S.A.
Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges

and Caen.
Many original Charters, several Wills, and

Funeral Certificates.
Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors
of Crosth*:le. Landren, Landulph, Lightdur-
rant, Porpehan. and Tynton, in Cornwall;
Aylesbeare and Whytfurd, co. Devon ; Ewerne
Courtenay, co. Dorset ; Mudford and Hinton,
West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset ;
Rolleston, co. Stafford ; and Corton, co.
Wilts.
Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp.

Henry VIII.
A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir

Thomas Chaloner, temp. James I.
A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, an-
cient Monuments, and Painted Glass existing
in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all
Names and Dates.
Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suf-
folk, throughout the hundreds of Babergh,
Blackbourn. Blything, Bosmere and Clay-
don, Carlford, Colnies, Cosford, Hartismere,.
Hoxne, Town of Ipswich, Hundreds of Lack-
ford and Loes. By the late D. E. Davy, Esq.,
of Ufford.
Published by J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25.
Parliament Street, Westminster ; where may
be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract
of the contents of these volumes, and also of
the " Collectanea Topographica et Genealo-
gica," now complete in Eight Volumes.

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

143

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1854.

REMARKABLE IMPRINTS.

More than one pen has considered titles, dedi-
cations, and imprints worth a Note, and as there
are still gleanings in their track, I take the liberty
of sending you a few of the latter ; some from my
common-place book, others from the fountain-
heads on my own shelves, but all drawn at random,
without much regard to classification or chrono-
logical arrangement.

The horrors of the Star Chamber and the Ec-
clesiastical Courts produced many extraordinary
imprints, particularly to those seditious books of
the Puritans, better known as the Marprelaie
Family ; works which were printed by ambulatory
presses, and circulated by unseen hands, now under
the walls of Archiepiscopal Lambeth, and presto 1
(when the spy would lay his hands upon them)
sprite-like, Martin re-appeared in the provinces !
This game at hide and seek between the brave old
Nonconformists and the Church, went on for
years without detection : but the readers of " N.
& Q." do not require from me the history of the
Marprelate Faction, so well told already in the
Miscellanies of Literature and elsewhere ; the
animus of these towards the hierarchy will be
sufficiently exhibited for my purpose in a few of
their imprints. An Almond for a Parrot, for
example, purports to be —

" Imprynted at a place not farre from a place ; by
the Assignes of Signior Some-body, and are to be soulde
at his shoppe in Trouble-Knave Street."

Again, Oh read ouer D. John Bridges, for it is a
worthy work, is

" Printed ouer sea, in Europe, within two forlongs
of a Bouncing Priest, at the Cost and Charges of
Martin Marprelate, Gent, 1589."

The Return of the renowned Cavaliero Pasquill
has the following extraordinary imprint :

" If my breath be so bote that I burne my mouthe,
I suppose I was printed by Pepper Allie, 1589."

The original "Marprelate" was John Penri,
who at last fell into the hands of his enemies, and
was executed under circumstances of great bar-
barity in Elizabeth's reign. " Martin Junior,"
however, sprung up, and The Counter- Cuffe to
him is —

" Printed between the Skye and the Grounde, wythin
a Myle of an Oake, and not many Fields off from the
unprivileged Presse of the Ass-ignes of Martin Junior,
1589."

The yirulency of this theological warfare died
away in James's reign, but only to be renewed with
equal rancour in that of Charles, when Marpre-

latism was again called into activity by the high-
church freaks of Archbishop Laud. Vox Borealis,
or a Northerne Discoverie by way of Dialogue be-
tween Jamie and Willie, is an example of these
later attacks upon the overbearing of the mitre,
and affords the imprint —

" Amidst the Babylonians. Printed by Margery
Marprelate, in Thwack- Coat Lane, at the Signe of the
Crab- Tree Cudgell, without any privilege of the
Cater-Caps, 1641."

Others of this stamp will occur to your readers :
this time the Puritans had the best of the struggle,
and ceased not to push their advantage until they
brought their enemy to the block.

When the liberty of the press was imperfectly
understood, the political satirist had to tread
warily ; consequently we find that class of writers
protecting themselves by jocular or patriotic im-
prints. A satirical pamphlet upon the late Sicke
Commons is "Printed in the Happie Year 1641."
A Letter from Nobody in the City to Nobody in the
Country is "Printed by Somebody, 1679." Some-
body's Answer is " Printed for Anybody." These
were likely of such a tendency as would have ren-
dered both author and printer amenable to some-
body, say Judge Jeffries. During the administra-
tion of Sir Robert Walpole, there were many
skirmishing satirists supported by both ministry
and people, such as James Miller, whose pamphlet,
contra, Are these things so? is "Printed for the
perusal of all Lovers of their Country, 1740."
This was answered by the ministers' champion,
James Dance, alias Love, in Yes, they are ! alike
addressed to the " Lovers of their Country."
What of That? was the next of the series, being
Miller's reply, who intimated this time that it was
" Printed, and to be had of all True Hearts and
Sound Bottoms."

When there was a movement for an augmenta-
tion of the poor stipends of the Scots Clergy in
1750, there came out a pamphlet under the title of
The Presbyterian Clergy seasonably detected, 1751,
which exceeds in scurrility, if possible, the famous,
or infamous, Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Dis-
played; both author and printer, however, had so
much sense as to remain in the background, and
the thing purported to be "Printed for Mess
John in Fleet Street." Under the title of The
Comical History of the Marriage betwixt Hep-
tarchus and Fergusia, 1 706 *, the Scots figured the
union of the Lord Heptarchus, or England, with
the independent, but coerced, damsel Fergusia, or
Scotland; the discontented church of the latter

* G. Chalmers ascribed this to one "Balantyne."
In Lockhart's Memoirs, Lond. 1714, Mr. John Balan-
tyne, the minister of Lanark, is noticed as the most
uncompromising opponent of the Union. I shall
therefore assign the Comical History to him until I find
a better claimant.

144

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

finding that the former broke faith with her, could
not help giving way to occasional murmurings,
and these found vent in (among others) a poetical
Presbyterian tract, entitled Melancholy Sonnets, or
Fe7'gusias Complaint upon Heptarchus, in which
the author reduced to rhyme the aforesaid Co-
mical History, adding thereto all the evils this ill-
starred union had entailed upon the land after
thirty-five years' experience. This curious pro-
duction was " Printed at Elguze ? for Pedaneous,
and sold by Circumferaneous, below the Zenith,
1741."* Charles II., when crowned at Scone,
took the solemn league and covenant ; but not
finding it convenient to carry out that part of his
coronation oath, left the Presbyterians at the
•Restoration in the hands of their enemies. To
mark their sense of this breach of faith, there was
published a little book f describing the inaugura-
tion of the young profligate, which expressively
purports to be " Printed at Edinburgh in the Year
of Covenant-breaking." The Scots folk had such
a horror of anything of a deistical tendency, that
John Goldie had to publish his Essays, or an At-
tempt to distinguish true from false Religion (popu-
pularly called " Goldie's Bible"), at Glasgow,
" Printed for the Author, and sold by him at Kil-
marnock, 1779;" neither printer nor bookseller
would, apparently, be identified with the unclean
thing. Both churchmen and dissenters convey
their exultations, or denouncements, upon political
changes, through the medium of imprints ; and
your correspondents who have been discussing
that matter, will see in some of these that the
" Good Old Cause " may be " all round the com-
pass," as Captain Cuttle would say, depending
wholly upon the party spectacles through which
you view it. Legal Fundamental Liberty, in an
epistle from Selburne to Lenthal, is " Reprinted
in the Year of Hypocritical and Abominable Dis-
simulation, 1G49 ; " on the other hand, The Little
Bible of that militant soldier Captain Butler is
<l Printed in the First Year of England's Liberty,
1649." The Last Will and Testament of Sir John
Presbyter is "Printed in the Year of Jubilee,
1647." A New Meeting of Ghosts at Tyburn, in
which Oliver, Bradshaw, and Peters figure, ex-
hibits its royal tendency, being " Printed in the
Year of the Rebellious Phanatick's Downfall,
1660." "Printed at N., with Licence," is the
cautious imprint of a republication of Dolemaiis

* Tliis resembles in its doggrel style Scotland's
Glory and her Shame, and A Poem on the Burgess Oath.
Can any of your correspondents, familiar with Scottish
typographical curiosities, tell me who was the author,
or authors, of these ?

f A Phcenix, or the Solemn League and Covenant, frc,
12mo. pp. 168, with a frontispiece representing Charles
burning the book of the Solemn League and Covenant,
above the flames from which hovers a phcenix.

Conference in 1681. A proper Project to Startle
Fools is " Printed in a Land where Self's cry'd
up, and Zeal's cry'd down, 1699." The Impartial
Accountant, ivherein it is demonstratively made
known how to pay the Nationul Debt, and that with-
out a New 2aar, or any Inconveniency to the People,
is " Printed for a Proper Person," and, I may add,
can be had of a certain person, if Mr. Gladstone
will come down with an adequate consideration
for the secret ! These accountants are all mys-
terious, — you would think they were plotting to
empty the treasury rather than to fill it ; another
says his Essay upon National Credit is " Printed
by A. It. in Bond's Stables ! " Thomas Scott, the
English minister at Utrecht, published, among
other oddities, Vox Ceelis ; or Newes from Heaven,
being Imaginary Conversations there between
Henry VIII. (/), Edward VI, Prince Henrie, and
others, "Printed in Elysium, 1624." Edward
Raban, an Englishman, who set up a press in the
far north, published an edition of Lady Culros'
Godlie Dreame, and finding that no title com-
manded such respect among the canny Scots as
that of Laird, announced the book to be " Im-
printed at Aberdene, by E. R., Laird of Letters,
1644." 'The Instructive Library, containing a list
of apocryphal books, and a satire upon some theo-
logical authors of that day, is " Printed for the
Man in the Moon, 1710." The Oxford Sermon
Versified, by Jacob Gingle, Esq., is "Printed by
Tim. Atkins at Dr. Sacheverell's Head, near St.
Paul's, 1729." "Printed, and to be had at the
Pamphlett Shops of London and Westminster,"
wa3 a common way of circulating productions of
questionable morals or loyalty. The Chapmen, or
Flying-Stationers, had many curious dodges of
this kind to give a relish to their literary wares :
The Secret Histori/ of Queen Elizabeth and the
Earl of Essex derived additional interest in the
eyes of their country customers by its being
"Printed at Cologne for Will-with-the-Wisp, at
the Sign of the Moon in the Ecliptic, 1767." The
Poems of that hard-headed Jacobite, Alexander
Robertson of Struan, are " Printed at Edinburgh
for Charles Alexander, and sold at his house in
Geddes Close, where Subscribers may call for their
Copies, circa 1750." * The New Dialogues of the
Dead are " Printed for D. Y., at the foot of Par-
nassus Hill, 1684." Professor Tenant's poem of
Papistry Stormed imitates the old typographers,
it being " Imprentit at Edinbrogh be Oliver and
Boyd, anno 1827." A rare old book is Goddard's

* I have not met with the name of such a bookseller
elsewhere, and would like to hear the history of this
book ; it was again published with the addition of
The Martial Achievements of the liobertso?is of Struan,
and in imitation of the original is printed at Edinburgh
by and for Alexander Robertson, in Morison's Close,
where subscribers may call for their copies (17S5?).

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

145

Mastiffe Whelpe, " Imprinted amongst the Anti-
podes, and are to be sould Avhere they are to be
bought." Another, by the same author, is a Sa-
tirical Dialogue, " Imprinted in the Low Coun-
treyes for all such Gentlemen as are not altogether
idle, nor yet well occupyed." These were both, I
believe, libels upon the fair sex. John Stewart,
otherwise Walking Stewart, was in the habit of
dating his extraordinary publications " In the
year of Man's Retrospective Knowledge, by As-
tronomical Calculation, 5000 ; " " In the 7000 year
of Astronomical History in the Chinese Tables;"
and " In the Fifth Year of Intellectual Existence."
" Mulberry Hill, Printed at Crazy Castle," is an
imprint of J. II. Stevenson. The Button Makers'
Jests, by Geo. King of St. James', is " Printed for
Henry Frederick, near St. James' Square ; " a
coarse squib upon royalty. One Fisher entitled
his play Thou shalt not Steal; the School of Ingra-
titude. Thinking the managers of Drury Lane
had communicated his performance, under the
latter name, to Reynolds the dramatist, and then
rejected it, he published it thus : " Printed for the
curious and literary — shall we say ? Coincidence !
refused by the Managers, and made use of in the
Farce of ' Good Living,' " published by Reynolds
in 1797. Harlequin Premier, as it is daily acted,
is a hit at the ministry of the period, " Printed at
Brentafordia, Capital of Barataria, and sold by all
the Booksellers in the Province, 1769." " Printed
Merrily, and may be read Unhappily, betwixt
Hawke and Buzzard, 1641," is the satisfactory
imprint of The Downefall of temporising Poets,
unlicensed Printers, upstart Booksellers, tooting
Mercuries, and bawling Hawkers. Books have
sometimes been published for behoof of particular
individuals ; old Daniel Rogers, in his Matrimo-
nial Honovr, announces " A Part of the Impression
to be vended for the use and benefit of Ed. Min-
sheu, Gent., 1650." How full of interest is the
following, " Printed at Sheffield by James Mont-
gomery, in the Hart's Head, 1795!" A poor
man, by name J. R. Adam, meeting with reverses,
enlisted, and after serving abroad for a period,
returned but to exchange the barrack-room for
the Glasgow Lunatic Asylum. Possessing a
poetical vein, he indulged it here in soothing his
own and his companions' misery, by circulating his
verses on detached scraps, printed by himself.
These on his enlargement he collected together,
and pave to the world in 1845, under the title of
the Gartnavel Minstrel, a neat little square vo-
lume of 104 pages, exceedingly well executed, and
bearing the imprint " Glasgow, composed, printed,
and published by J. R. Adam ;" under any circum-
stances a most creditable specimen, but under those
I have described "a rara avis in literature and art."
The list might be spun out, but I fear I have
exceeded limits already with my dry subject.

J. O.

LEGENDS OE THE CO. CLARE.

In the west of Clare, for many miles the counti'y
seems to consist of nothing but iields of grey lime-
stone flags, which gives it an appearance of the
greatest desolation : Cromwell is reported to have
said of it, " that there was neither wood in it to
hang a man, nor water to drown him, nor earth
to bury him ! " The soil is not, however, by any
means as barren as it looks ; and the following
legend is related of the way in which an ancestor
of one of the most extensive landed proprietors in
the county obtained his estates.

'Twas on a dismal evening in the depth of
winter, that one of Cromwell's officers was passing
through this part of the country ; his courage and
gallantry in the "good cause" had obtained for
him a large grant of land in Clare, and he was now
on his journey to it. Picturing to himself a land
flowing with milk and honey, his disappointment
may therefore be imagined when, at the close of a
weary day's journey, he found himself bewildered
amid such a scene of desolation. From the in-
quiries he had made at the last inhabited place
he had passed, he was led to conclude that he
could not be far distant from the "land of pro-
mise," where he might turn his swoi'd into a prun-
ing-hook, and rest from all his toils and dangers.
Could this be the place of which his imagination
had formed so fair a vision ? Hours had elapsed
since he had seen a human being ; and, as the soli-
tude added to the dismal appearance of the road,
bitterly did the veteran curse the folly that had
enticed him into the land of bogs and " Papistrie."
Troublous therefore as the times were, the tramp
of an approaching steed sent a thrill of pleasure
through the heart of the Puritan. The rider soon
joined him, and as he seemed peaceably disposed,
they entered into conversation ; and the stranger
soon became acquainted with the old soldier's
errand, and the disappointment he had experi-
enced. Artfully taking advantage of the occasion,
the stranger, who professed an acquaintance with
the country, used every means to aggravate the
disgust of his fellow-traveller, till the heart of the
Cromwellian, already half overcome by fatigue
and hunger, sank within him; and at last he
agreed that the land should be transferred to the
stranger for a butt of Claret and the horse on
which he rode. As soon as this important matter
was settled, the stranger conducted his new friend
to a house of entertainment in a neighbouring ham-
let, whose ruins are still called the Claret House
of K . A plentiful, though coarse, entertain-
ment soon smoked on the board ; and as the eye
of the Puritan wandered over the "creature com-
forts," his heart rose, and he forgot his disappoint-
ment and his fatigue. It is even said that he
dispensed with nearly ten of the twenty minutes
which he usually bestowed on the benediction ;

146

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

but be this as it may, ere he retired to his couch
— "vino ciboque gravatus" — the articles were
signed, and the courteous stranger became pos-
sessed of one of the finest estates in the county !
Francis Robert Davies.

CANTING ARMS.

In the introduction to a work entitled A Col-
lection of Coats of Arms borne by the Nobility and
Gentry of the County of Gloucester, London,
J. Good, 159. New Bond Street, 1792, and which
I believe was written by Sir George Nayler, it is
asserted that —

" Amies parlanles, or canting arms, were not common
till the commencement of the seventeenth century,
when they prevailed under the auspices of King
James."

Now doubtless they were more common in the
seventeenth century, but I am of opinion that
there are many instances of them centuries pre-
vious to the reign of King James ; as, for example,
in a roll of arms of the time of Edward II.
(a.d. 1308-14), published by Sir Harris Nicolas
from a manuscript in the British Museum, there
are the following :

" Sire Peres Corbet, d'or, a un corbyn de sable.

Sire Johan le Fauconer, d'argent, a. Yufaucouns de
goules.

Sire Johan Heroun, d'azure, a iii herouns d'argent.

Sire Richard de Cokfeld, d'azure, a une crois e
iiii coks d'or.

Sire Richard de Barlingham, de goules, a iii ours
(bears) d'argent.

Sire Johan de Swyneford, d'argent, a un cheveroun
de sable, a iii testes de cenglers (swines' heads') d'or."

Sire Ammon de Lucy bore three luces ; Sire
William Bernak a fers between three barnacles,
&c. There are many other examples in the same
work, but as I think I have made my communica-
tion quite long enough, I forbear giving them.

Gib.

Minor $att$.

Selleridge. — The story of the author who was
charged by his publisher for selleridge, and thought
it for selling his books, whereas it was storing
them in a cellar, is given by Thomas Moore in his
Diary, lately published, upon the authority of
Coleridge. It is to be found, much better told,
in Coleridge's Biographia Literaria. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Tombs of Bishops. — The following bishops,
whose bodies were interred elsewhere, had or have
tombs in the several cathedrals in which their
hearts were buried: — William de Longchamp,

William de Kilkenny, Cardinal Louis de Luxem-
bourg, at Ely ; Peter de Aqua, Blanca, at Aqua-
blanca, in Savoy ; Thomas Cantilupe, at Ashridge,
Bucks (Hereford) ; Ethelmar (Winton), at Win-
chester ; Thomas Savage (York), at Macclesfield ;
Robert Stichelles (Durham), at Durham.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.
Durham.

Lines on visiting the Portico of Beau Nash's
Palace, Bath. —

And here he liv'd, and here he reign'd,
And hither oft shall strangers stray ;

To muse with joy on native worth,

And mourn those pleasures fled for aye.

Alas ! that he, whose days were spent

In catering for the public weal,
Should, in the eventide of life,

Be destin'd sad distress to feel.

An ever open heart and hand,

With ear ne'er closed to sorrow's tale,
Exalts the man, and o'er his faults
Draws the impenetrable veil.

L. M. Thornton.
Bath.

Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent. — The following
acrostic is from a brass in Ash Church, Kent. It
is perhaps curious only from the fact of its being
unusual to inscribe this kind of verse on sepul-
chral monuments. The capital letters at the
commencement of each line are given as in the
original :

" «-i John Brooke of the parish of Ashe

O Only he is nowe gone.

K His days are past, his corps is layd

^ Now under this marble stone.

W Brookstrete he was the honor of,

pi Robd now it is of name,

O Only because he had no sede

O Or children to have the same ;

p$ Knowing that all must passe away,

H Even when God will, none can denay.

" He passed to God in the yere of Grace
One thousand fyve hundredth flfower score and two

it was,
The sixteenthe daye of January, I tell now playne,
The five-and-twentieth yere of Elizabeth rayne."

Fras. Brent.
Sandgate.

A Hint to Publishers. — The present period is
remarkable for its numerous reprints of our poets
and standard writers. However excellent these
may be, there is often a great drawback, viz. that
one must purchase an author's entire works, and
cannot get a favourite poem or treatise separately.

What I would suggest is, that a separate title-
page be prefixed to every poem or treatise in an

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

147

author's works, and that they be sold collectively
or separately at the purchaser's option. Thus few
would encumber themselves with the entire works
of Dryden, but many would gladly purchase some
of his poems if they could be had separately.

These remarks are still more applicable to
encyclopaedias. The Hncycl. Metropol. was a step
in the right direction ; and henceforth we may
hope to have each article sold separately in octavo
volumes. Is there no chance, amid all these re-
prints, of our seeing Hey wood, Crashaw, Southwell,
Habington, Daniel, or Drummond of Hawthorn-
den ? Mabiconda.

Uhland, the German Poet. — Mr. Mitchell, in
his speech at New York, is said to have stated that
Uhland, the German poet, had become an exile,
and was now in Ohio. This is a mistake ; for
Uhland is now living in his native Wlirtemberg,
and is reported in the papers to have quite recently
declined a civic honour proposed to be conferred
on him by the King of Prussia at the suggestion
of Baron Humboldt. J. M.

Oxford.

Virgilian Inscription for an Infant School. —

". . Audita* voces, vagitus et ingens,
Infantumque animae flentes, in limine primo."

JEn. vi. 426.

Anon.

eRuert'pg.

THE SHIPPEN FAMILY JOHN WHITE.

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania having
requested me to edit certain MSS., I should be
very much indebted to any one for information,
either through your columns, or addressed to me
directly, concerning the following persons or their
ancestry.

Edward Shippen, son of William, born in York-
shire, near Pontefract or Wakefield, as supposed,
1639 ; emigrated to Boston 1670, was a member
of the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Com-
pany, afterwards turned Quaker, was publicly
whipt for his faith (see Thomas Story's Journal,
quoted in Southey's Common-Place Book), re-
moved to Philadelphia, elected Speaker 1695, first
mayor 1701, &c, died 1712. His son's family
Bible entries (now in possession of Colonel Jno.
Hare Powel) say that his (the son's) relations in
England were his " uncle William's children,"
viz. Robert Shippen, Doctor of Divinity ; Wil-
liam Shippen, Doctor of Laws and a parliament
man ; Edward, a physician ; John, a Spanish mer-
chant.

The uncle William thus mentioned is conjec-
tured to have" been the Rector of Stockport, and
the "parliament man" to have been his son,

" downright Shippen " (Lord Mahon's Hist. Eng.,
three vols.) — a conjecture strengthened by an-
other mem., " John, son of the Rector of St.
Mary's parish, Stockport, was baptized July 5,
a.d. 1678."

Edward Shippen's daughter, Margaret, married
John Jekyll, collector of the port of Boston, said
to have been a younger brother of Sir Joseph ;
and a descendant, daughter of Chief Justice
Shippen, married General Benedict Arnold, then
a distinguished officer in the American army.

Mr. Shippen lived in great style (Watson's
Annals, &c), and among his descendants were,
and are, many persons of consequence and dis-
tinction.

Besides information as to Mr. Shippen's an-
cestors, I should be glad to learn something of
his kinsfolk, and of the Jekyll and Arnold
branches. Sabine's (Loyalists) account of the
latter is imperfect, and perhaps not very just.

John White, Chief Justice Shippen, whilst a
law student in London, writes, 1748-50, as though
Mr. White was socially a man of dignified position.
He was a man of large fortune ; his sister married
San. Swift, who emigrated to this state. His
portrait, by Reynolds, represents a gentleman
past middle age, whose costume and appearance
are those of a person of refined and elegant edu-
cation. His letters were destroyed by fire some
years since. The China and silver ware, which
belonged to him, have the following arms : " Gules,
a border sable, charged with seven or eight es-
toiles gold ; on a canton ermines a lion rampant
sable. Crest, a bird, either a stork, a heron, or
an ostrich." The copy inclosed is taken from the
arms on the china ; but our Heralds' College (i. e.
an intelligent engraver, who gave me the foregoing
description) says, that on the silver the crest is
" a stork close." Thos. Balch.

Philadelphia.

BOOKS ISSUED IN PAETS AND NOT COMPLETED.

From time to time various productions, many
valuable, others the reverse, have issued from the
press in parts or numbers ; some have been com-
pleted, while others have only reached a few num-
bers. It would be desirable to ascertain what works
have been finished, and what have not. I have
therefore transmitted a note as to several that
have fallen in my way, and should be happy for
any information about them :

« 1. John Bull Magazine, 8vo., London, 1824. Of
this I possess four numbers. A friend of mine
has also the four numbers, and, like myself,
attaches great value to them, from the ability
.\ of many of the articles. One article, entitled

" Instructions to Missionaries," is equal to any
thing from the pen of T. Hood. May it not
have been written by him ?

148

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

2. Portraits of the Worthies of Westminster Hall,

with their Autographs, being Fac-Similes of
Original Sketches found in the Note- Book of
a Briefless Barrister. London : Thomas and
William Boone, 480. Strand. Small 8vo.

Part I. Price Twenty Shillings. Twenty
Sketches (very clever).

3. Dictionary of Terms employed by the French

in Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, &c, by
Shirley Palmer, M. D. 8vo., 1834. Bir-
mingham : Barlow. London : Longman &
Co. Two Parts. Stops at the letter H.

4. Quarterly Biographical Magazine, No. I., May,

1838. 8vo. London : Hunt & Hart.

5. Complete Illustrations of the British Fresh-water

Fishes. London : W. Wood. 8vo. Three
Numbers.

6. New and Compendious History of the County of

Warwick, &c. By William Smith, F.R. S.A.
4to. Birmingham : W. Evans. London :
J. T. Hinton, 4. Warwick Square. 1829.
Ten Numbers, to be completed in Twelve.
On my copy there is written, " Never finished."
Is this the case ?

7. Fishes of Ceylon. By John Whitchurch Ben-

net, Esq., F.H.S. London : Longman & Co.
1828. 4to. Two Numbers. A Guinea each.

J. M.

Minax cauerterf.

" Hovel Maet of Laet." — Will you kindly give
me a translation of the above, which is in the
corner of an old Dutch panel painting in the
style of Ostade and Teniers, jun., in my posses-
sion ? Heading.

Hand in Church (Vol. viii., p. 454.). — What is
the hand projecting under chancel arch, Brighton
old church ? A. C.

Egger Moths. — What is the derivation of the

moths ?

Mountjoy.

The Yorkshire Dales (Vol. ii., p. 220.). — Is the
Guide to the above by J. H. Dixon published ?

R. W. D.

Ciss, Cissle, ffc. — Can any of your readers give
me any authority for a written usage of these
words, or any one of them : ciss, siss, cissle or
cizzle ? They are often heard, but I have never
seen them written, nor can I find them in any dic-
tionary. A.

Inn Signs, Sfc. — Can any reader of " N. & Q."
supply information respecting inn and other signs ;
or refer to any printed books, or accessible MSS.,
relating to the subject ? Alphege.

Smiths and Robinsons. — Could any of your
correspondents inform me what are the arms of

Miles Smith, Bishop of Gloucester, those of the
Smiths of Willoughby, those of the Smiths of
Crudely, in Lancashire, and those of the Robinsons
of the North Riding of Yorkshire ? Also, in
what church, and in what year, did Lady Eliza-
beth Robinson, otherwise known as Betty of the
Boith, serve the office of churchwarden ?

John H. R. Smith, Jun.

Coin of Carausius. — A brass coin has lately
come into my possession, bearing on the obverse
the head and inscription :

" IMP. CARAVSIUS. P. P. AVG."

And on the reverse, a female figure, with spear
and a branch :

" PAX. AUG. S. P. MLXXI."

I believe it to have been struck by Carausius, an
usurper of the end of the third century, and my
Query is as to the meaning of the letters mlxxi.
Some friends assert them to be the Roman nu-
merals, making the year 1071, and conclude it to
have been struck at that date. C. G»

Paddington.

Verelst the Painter. — Can any of your readers
inform me who was Jo. Verelst ? I have in my
possession a picture bearing the signature, with
the addition of P. 1714. The celebrated artists of
that name mentioned in the Dictionary of Painters
cannot be the same. Celcrena.

Latin Treatise on ivhipping School-boys. —
What is the name of a modern Latin author, who
has written a treatise on the antiquity of the prac-
tice of whipping school-boys? The work is alluded
to in the History of the Flagellants, p. 134., edit^
1777, but the author's name is not given.

Betula.

Dublin.

Wliitewashing in Churches. — Can any of your
correspondents inform me at what period, and
about what year it became the custom to cover
over with whitewash the many beautiful works of
art, both in stone and wood, which have of late
years been brought to light in our cathedrals and
churches in the course of renovation ? K.

Surname " Kynoch." — Can any of your corre-
spondents supply any heraldic or genealogical in-
formation regarding this name, a few families of
which are to be found in Moray and Aberdeen
shires, North Britain? J.

Dates of published Works. — Is it possible to
ascertain the exact time of publication of any
book, for instance in the year 1724, either at Sta-
tioners' Hall or elsewhere ? D.

Saw-dust Recipe. — There is a recipe existing
somewhere for converting saw-dust into palatable

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

149

human food. Can you tell me what it is, or where
it is to be found ? G. D.

fflinav CEtumetf tot'tfi <Mn£tozvii.

Breaks, or Gossips' Bridles. — Walton Church
-contains one of those strange instruments with
which our ancestors used to punish those dames who
were too free with the use of their tongues. They
were called hanks [branks], or gossips' bridles,
and were intended to inclose the head, being
fastened behind by a padlock, and having at-
tached to it a small piece of iron which literally
■" held the tongue." Thus accoutred, the unhappy
culprit was marched through the village till she
gave unequivocal signs of repentance and humi-
liation. Can any one give some account of this
curious instrument ? George Hodges.

Oxford.

[Fosbroke says that " the brank is a sugar-loaf cap
made of iron hooping, with a cross at top, and a flat
piece projecting inwards to lie upon the tongue. It
was put upon the head of scolds, padlocked behind,
and a string annexed, by which a man led them
through the towns." (See also Brand's Popular An-
tiquities, vol. iii. p. 108., Bohn's edition.) Engravings
of them will be found in Plot's History of Staffordshire,
p. 389., and in Brand's History of Newcastle, vol. ii.
p. 192. In the Historical Description of the Tower of
London, p. 54., edit. 1774, occurs the following libel-
lous squib on the fair sex : " Among the curiosities of
the Tower is a collar of torment, which, say your con-
ductors, used formerly to be put about the women's
neck that cuckolded their husbands, or scolded them
when they came home late ; but that custom is left off
now-a-days, to prevent quarrelling for collars, there
not being smiths enough to make them, as most mar-
ried men are sure to want them at one time or an-
other." Waldron, in his Description of the Isle of Man,
p. 80., thus notices this instrument of punishment : "I
know nothing in the Manx statutes or punishments in
particular but this, which is, that if any person be
convicted of uttering a scandalous report, and cannot
make good the assertion, instead of being fined or im-
prisoned, they are sentenced to stand in the market-
place, on a sort of scaffold erected for that purpose,
with their tongue in a noose made of leather, which
they call a bridle, and having been exposed to the view
of the people for some time, on the taking off this
machine, they are obliged to say three times, ' Tongue,
thou hast lyed.' "]

Not caring a Fig for anything. — What is the
origin of this expression ? J. H. Chateau.

Philadelphia.

[Nares informs us that the real origin of this ex-
pression may be found in Stevens and Pineda's Dic-
tionaries under Higa ; and, in fact, the same phrase
and allusion pervaded all modern Europe : as, Far le
fiche, Ital. ; Faire la figue, Fr. ; Die Feigen weisen,
Germ.; De vyghe setten, Dutch. (See Du Cange, in

Ficha.) Johnson says, " To fig, in Spanish, higas dar,
is to insult by putting the thumb between the fore and
middle finger. From this Spanish custom we yet say
in contempt, A fig for you." To this explanation Mr.
Douce has added the following note : " Dr. Johnson
has properly explained this phrase ; but it should be
added, that it is of Italian origin. When the Milanese
revolted against the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa,
they placed the Empress his wife upon a mule with
her head towards the tail, and i^nominiously expelled
her their city. Frederick afterwards besieged and
took the place, and compelled every one of his pri-
soners, on pain of death, to take with his teeth a fig
from the posteriors of a mule. The party was at the
same time obliged to repeat to the executioner the
words Ecco la fica. From this circumstance far lafica
became a term of derision, and was adopted by other
nations. The French say likewise, faire la figue."']

B. C. Y. — Can you give me any information
respecting the famous B. C. Y. row, as it was
called, which occurred about fifty years ago ? A
newspaper was started expressly to explain the
meaning of the letters, which said it was iS Beware
of the Catholic Yoke:" but it was wrong.

H. Y.

[These "No- Popery" hieroglyphics first appeared
in the reign of Charles II. during the debates on the
Exclusion Bill, and were chalked over all parts of
Whitehall and the Houses of Parliament. O B. C. Y.
was then the inscription, which meant, " O Beware of
Catholic York." On their re-appearance in 1809 the-
Y. was much taller than the B. C. ; but the use and
meaning at this time of these initials still remains a
query.]

Earl Nugenfs Poems. — I would be much
obliged for any information relating to the poems
written by Robert, afterwards Earl Nugent, be-
tween the years 1720 and 1780. It is supposed
that they were first published in some periodical,
and afterwards appeared in a collected form.

James F. Ferguson.

Dublin.

[A volume of bis poems was published anonymously
by Dodsley, and entitled Odes and Epistles ; containing
an Ode on his own Conversion from Popery : London,
1739, 8vo., 2nd edit. There are also other pieces by
him in Dodsley's Collection, and the New Foundling
Hospital for Wit. He also published Faith, a Poem ;
a strange attempt to overturn the Epicurean doctrine
by that of the Trinity ; and Verses to the Queen ; with
a New Year's Gift of Irish Manufacture, 1775, 4to.]

Huntbach MSS. — Can you tell me where the
Huntbach MSS. now lie ? Shaw, in his History
of Staffordshire, drew largely from them. Ursus.

[Dr. Wilkes's Collections, with those of Fielde,
Huntbach, Loxdale, and Shaw, as also the engraved
plates and drawings, published and unpublished, rela-
tive to the History of Staffordshire, were, in the year
1820, in the possession of William Hamper, F. S.A.,
Deritend House, Birmingham.]

150

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

Holy Loaf Money. — In Dr. Whitaker's Whal-
ley, p. 149., mention is made of holy loaf money.
AVhat is meant by this ? T. I. W.

[This seems to be some ecclesiastical due payable on
Hlaf-mass, or Loaf-mass, commonly called Lammas-
Day (August 1st). See Somner and Junius. It was
called Loaf or Bread-mass, because it was a day of
oblation of grain, or of bread made of new wheat ; and
was also the holiday of St. Peter ad Vincula, when
Peter-pence were paid. Du Cange likewise mentions
the Pants benedictus, and that money was given by the
recipients of it on the following occasion : — "Since the
catechumens," says he, " before baptism could neither
partake of the Divine Mysteries, nor consequently of
the Eucharist, a loaf was consecrated and given -to them
by the priest, whereby they were prepared for receiving
the body of Christ."]

St. Philip's, Bristol. — Can you inform me when
the Church of St. Philip, Bristol, was made paro-
chial, and in what year the Priory of Benedictines,
mentioned by William de Worcester in connexion
with this church, was dissolved, and when founded ?

E. W. Godwin.

[Neither Dugdale nor Tanner could discover any
notices of this priory, except the traditionary account

preserved in William of Worcester, p. 210.: "

juxta Cimiterium et Ecclesiam Sancti Philippi, ubi
quondam ecclesia religiosorum et Prioratus scituatur."
It was probably a cell to the Tewkesbury monastery ;
and the historians of Bristol state, that the exact time
when it became parochial is not known ; but it was
very early, being mentioned in Gaunt's deeds before
the year 1200; and, like St. James's, became a parish
church through the accession of inhabitants.]

Foreign Universities. — Is there any history of
the University of Bologna ? or where can be
found any account of the foundation and consti-
tution of the foreign universities in general ?

J. C. H. K.

[Our correspondent will find some account of the
foreign universities, especially of Bologna, in the
valuable article " Universities," Encyclopedia Britan-
nica, vol. xxi., with numerous references to other works
containing notices of them. Consult also " A Dis-
covrse not altogether vnprofitable nor vnpleasant for
such as are desirous to know the Situation and Cus-
tomes of Forraine Cities without trauelling to see
them : containing a Discovrse of all those Citties
which doe flourish at this Day priuiledged Vniuer-
sities. By Samuel Lewkenor. London, 1 594, 4to."]

fteylt'eS.

DEATH-WARNINGS IN ANCIENT FAMILIES.

(Vol. ix., p. 55.)
The remarks of John o' the Ford of Malta
deserve to be followed up by all your correspon-
dents who, at least, admit the possibility of " com-

munications with the unseen world." In order to
facilitate the acquisition of the requisite amount
of facts, I beg to apprise John o' the Ford, and
your other correspondents and readers generally,
that a Society was founded about a year ago, and
is now in existence, composed of members of the
University of Cambridge ; the objects of which
will be best gleaned from the following extract
from the Prospectus :

" The interest and importance of a serious and earnest
inquiry into the nature of the phenomena which are
vaguely called 'supernatural,' will scarcely be ques-
tioned. Many persons believe that all such apparently
mysterious occurrences are due, either to. purely natural
causes, or to delusions of the mind or senses, or to
wilful deception. But there are many others who
believe it possible that the beings of the unseen world
may manifest themselves to us in extraordinary ways;
and also are unable otherwise to explain many facts, the
evidence for which cannot be impeached. Both parties
have obviously a common interest in wishing cases of
supposed ' supernatural' agency to be thoroughly sifted.
.... The main impediment to investigations of this
kind is the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient number
of clear and well-attested cases. Many of the stories
current in tradition, or scattered up and down in books,
may be exactly true ; others must be purely fictitious ;
others again, probably the greater number, consist of a
mixture of truth and falsehood. But it is idle to
examine the significance of an alleged fact of this
nature, until the trustworthiness, and also the extent
of the evidence for it, are ascertained. Impressed with
this conviction, some members of the University of
Cambridge are anxious, if possible, to form an exten-
sive collection of authenticated cases of supposed 'super-
natural' agency .... From all those who may be
inclined to aid them, they request written communi-
cations, with full details of persons, times, and places."

The Prospectus closes with the following classi-
fication of phenomena :

" I. Appearances of Angels. (1.) Good. (2.) Evil.

II. Spectral appearances of — (1.) The beholder

himself (e.g. 'Fetches' or 'Doubles'). (2.) Other
men, recognised or not. (i.) Before their death (e. g.
'second sight.') (a.) To one person, (b.) To several
persons, (ii. ) At the moment of their death, (a.)
To one person, (b.) To several persons. 1. In the
same place. 2. In several places, i. Simultaneously,
ii. Successively, (iii.) After their death. In con-
nexion with — (a.) Particular places, remarkable for —
1 . Good deeds. 2. Evil deeds, (b.) Particular times
(e. g. on the anniversary of any event, or at fixed sea-
sons), (c) Particular events (e. g. before calamity or
death)- (d.) Particular persons (e.g. haunted mur-
derers).— III. 'Shapes' falling under neither of the
former classes. (1.) Recurrent. In connexion with —
(i.) Particular families (e.g. the 'Banshee'), (ii.)
Particular places (e. g. the ' Mawth Dog'). (2.) Oc-
casional, (i.) Visions signifying events, past, present,
or future, (a.) By actual representation (e.g. 'second
si°-ht'). (b.) By symbol, (ii.) Visions of a fantas-
tical nature. — IV. Dreams remarkable for coinci-

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

151

dences. (1.) In their occurrence, (i.) To the same
person several times, (ii. ) In the same form to several
persons. (a.) Simultaneously. (h. ) Successively.
(2.) With facts, (i.) Past. (a.) Previously un-
known, (b.) Formerly known, but forgotten, (ii.)
Present, but unknown, (iii.) Future. — V. Feelings.
A definite consciousness of a fact. (1.) Past: an
impression that an event has happened. (2.) Present :
sympathy with a person suffering or acting at a dis-
tance. (3.) Future : presentiment. — VI. Physical
effects. (1.) Sounds, (i.) With the use of ordinary
means (e. g. ringing of bells), (ii.) Without the use of
any apparent means (e. g. voices). (2.) Impressions
of touch (e. g. breathings on the person).

"Every nar^itive of 'supernatural' agency which
may be communicated, will be rendered far more in-
structive if accompanied by any particulars as to the
observer's natural temperament (e. g. sanguine, nervous,
&c), constitution (e. g. subject to fever, somnambulism,
&c), and state at the time (e.g. excited in mind or
body, &c.)."

As I have no authority to give names, I can do
no more than say that, though not a member of
the Society, I shall be happy to receive communi-
cations and forward them to the secretary.

C. Mansfield Inglebt.

Birmingham.

[ The Night Side of Nature would seem to indicate
that its ingenious, yet sober and judicious, authoress
had forestalled the " Folk-lore" investigations of the
projected Cambridge Society. Probably some of its
members will not rest satisfied with a simple collection
of phenomena relating to communications with the un-
seen world, but will exclaim with Hamlet —

" Thou com'st in such a questionable shape,
That I will speak to thee !"

and will endeavour to ascertain the philosophy of those
communications, as Newton did with the recorded data
and phenomena of the mechanical or material universe.
Whether the transcripts of some of the voluminous
unpublished writings of Dionysius Andreas Freher,
deposited in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 5767 —
5792.), will assist the inquirer in his investigations, we
cannot confidently state : but in them he will find
continual references to what Jacob Bohme terms " the
eternal and astral magic, or the laws, powers and
properties of the great Universal Will-Spirit of the two
co-eternal worlds of darkness and light, and of this
third or temporary principle." Freher was the prin-
cipal illustrator of the writings of the celebrated Jacob
Bbhme, now exciting so much interest among the
German literati ; and, if we may credit William Law,
it was from the principles of this remarkable man that
Sir Isaac Newton derived his theory of fundamental
powers. (See " N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 247.) But on
this and other matters we may doubtless expect to be
well informed by Sir David Brewster, in his new "Me-
moir of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac
Newton." According to Law, the two-fold spiritual
universe stands as near, and in a similar relation to this
material mixed world, of darkness and light, evil and

good, death and life, or rather the latter to the former,
as water does to the gases of which it is essentially com-
pounded. — Ed.]

STARVATION.

(Vol. ix., p. 54.)

Until your correspondent Q. designated the
word starvation as " an Americanism," I never had
the least suspicion that it was obtained from that
source. On the contrary, I remember to have
heard some thirty or forty years ago, that it was
first employed by Harry Dundas, the first Viscount
Melville, who might have spoken with a brogue,
but whose despatches were in good intelligible
English. I once asked his son, the second Vis-
count, whose correctness must be fresh in the re-
collection of many of your readers, if the above
report was true, and he seemed to think that his
father had coined the word, and that it immediately
got into general circulation. My impression is,
that it was already current during the great
scarcity at the end of the last, and the commence-
ment of this century ; but the dictionary makers,
those "who toil at the lower employments of
life," as old Sam Johnson termed it, are not apt
to be alert in seizing on fresh words, and " starv-
ation " has shared in the general neglect.

If you permit me I will, however, afford them
my humble aid, by transcribing some omitted
words which I find noted in a little Walker's
Dictionary, printed in 1830, and which has been
my companion in many pilgrimages through many
distant lands. Many of them may by this time
have found their way even into dictionaries, but I
copy them as I find them.

Fiat.

Lichen.

Dawdle.

Compete (verb).

Starvation.

Cupel (see test).

Stationery (writing mate-
rials).

Chubby.

Mister (form of address).

Iodine.

Disorganise.

Growl (substantive).

A vadavat ( School for Scan-
dal).

Apograph.

Flange.

Effete.

Jungle.

Celt (formed of touch-
stone).

Minivar.

Unhesitating.

Remittent.

Tannin.

Curry (substantive).

Uncompromised.

Duchess.

Resile (verb).

Gist.

Nascent.

Dictum.

Retinence.

Phonetic.

Lacunae.

Extradition.

Laches.

Fulcrum.

Statics.

iEsthetical.

Complicity.

N. L. Melville.

However " strange it may appear, it is never-
theless quite true," that this word, " Starvation

152

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

(from the verb), state of perishing from cold or
hunger," is to be found, and thus defined, in "An
Appendix to Dr. Johnson's English Dictionary,"
published along with the latter, by William Maver,
in. 2 vols. 8vo., Glasgow, 1809, now forty-five years
ago. In his preface to this Appendix he says :

" In the compilation the editor is principally in-
debted to Mr. Mason, whose labours in supplying the
^deficiencies of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary have so much
enriched the vocabulary of our language, that every
purchaser of the quarto edition should avail himself of
a copy of Mr. Mason's Supplement."

Whether or not Mr. Maver drew the word
"starvation" from Mr. Mason's Supplement, I
cannot say; but from old date in the west of
Scotland it has been, and is still, popularly and
-extensively used in the exact senses given to it by
Mr. Maver as above. I think it much more likely
to be of Scottish than of American origin, and
that Mr. Webster may have picked it up from
some of our natives in this country.

I may add, that in early life I often spoke with
Mr. Maver, who was a most intelligent literary
man. In 1809 he followed the business of a book-
seller in Glasgow, but from some cause was not
fortunate, and afterwards followed that of a book
auctioneer, and may be dead fully thirty years
ago. His edition of, and Appendix to, Johnson
were justly esteemed ; the latter " containing se-
veral thousand words omitted by Dr. Johnson,
•and such as have been introduced by good writers
since his time," with " the pronunciation accord-
ing to the present practice of the best orators and
orthoepists " of the whole language. G. N.

This word was first introduced into the English
language by Mr. Dundas, in a debate in the House
of Commons on American affairs, in 1775. From
it he obtained the nick-name of " Starvation
Dundas." (Vide the Correspondence between Ho-
race Walpole and Mason, vol. ii. pp. 177. 310. 396.,
edition 1851.) The word is of irregular formation,
the root starve being Old English, while the ter-
mination -ation is Latin. E. G. R.

The word may perhaps be originally American ;
but if the following anecdote be correct, it was
introduced into this country long before Webster
compiled his Dictionary :

" The word starvation was first introduced into the
English language by Mr. Dundas, in a speech in 1775
on an American debate, and hence applied to him as a
nickname, ' Starvation Dundas.' • I shall not,' said he,
1 wait for the advent of starvation from Edinburgh to
settle my judgment.' " — Letters of Horace Walpole and
Mason, vol. ii. p. 396.

J. R. M., M. A.

Throughout this part of the country, "starved"
always refers to cold, never to hunger. To express
the latter the word "hungered" is always used:

thus, many were " like to have been hungered " in
the late severe weather and hard times. This is
clearly the scriptural phrase " an hungred." To
" starve " is to perish ; and it is a common ex-
pression in the south, " I am quite perished with
cold ;" which answers to our northern one, "I am
quite starved." H. T. G.

Hull.

I cannot ascertain the period of the adoption of
the unhappily common word " starvation " in our
language, but it is much older than your corre-
spondent Q. supposes. It occurs in the Rolliad:

'Tis but to fire another Sykes, tt> plan
Some new starvation scheme for Hindostan."

M.

OSMOTIIERLEY IN YORKSHIRE.

(Vol.viii., p. 617.)

R. W. Carter gives an account of folk lore in
reference to Osmotherley, and expresses a desire
to know if his statement is authentic. I have en-
deavoured to make myself acquainted with York-
shire folk lore, and beg to inform Mr. Carter
that his statement approaches as near the truth as
possible. In my early days I frequently had re-
cited to me, by a respectable farmer Avho had been
educated on the borders of Roseberry (and who
obtained it from the rustics of the neighbour-
hood), a poetical legend, in which all the parti-
culars of this curious tradition are embodied. It
is as follows :

" In Cleveland's vale a village stands,
Though no great prospect it commands ;
As pleasantly for situation
As any village in the nation.
Great Ayton it is call'd by name;
But though I am no man of fame,
Yet do not take me for a fool,
Because I live near to this town ;
But let us take a walk and see
This noted hill call'd Roseberry,
Compos'd of many a cragged stone,
Resembling all one solid cone,
Which, monumental-like, have stood
Ever since the days of Noah's flood.
Here cockles .... petrified,
As by the curious have been tried,
Have oft been found upon its top,
'Tis thought the Deluge had cast up.
'Tis mountains high (you may see that),
Though not compar'd with Ararat.
Yet oft at sea it doth appear,
To ships that northern climates
A land-mark, when the weather
If many ships at sea there be,
A charming prospect then you'll see ;
Don't think I fib, when this you're reading,
They look like sheep on mountains feeding.

steer, >
r 's clear. J

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

153

Then turn your eyes on the other hand,
As pleasing views you may command.
For thirty miles or more, they say,
The country round you may survey,
When the air 's serene and clear the day,
There is a cave near to its top,
Vulgarly call'd the Cobbler's Shop,
By Nature form'd out of the rock,
And able to withstand a shock.
On the north side there is a well,
Relating which this Fame doth tell :
Prince Oswy had his nativity
Computed by astrology,
That he unnatural death should die.
His mother to this well did fly
To save him from sad destiny ;
But one day sleeping in the shade,
Supposing all secure was made,
Lo ! sorrow soon gave place to joy ;
This well sprung up anddrown'd the boy."

It is confidently stated, in the neighbourhood
of Osmotherley and Roseberry, that Prince Oswy
and his mother were both interred at Osmotherley,
from whence comes the name of the place, Os-by-
his-mother-lay, or Osmotherley. Thomas Gill.

Easingwold.

ECHO POETRY.

(Vol. ix., p. 51.)

As another and historically-interesting specimen
of echo poetry, perhaps the readers of " N. & Q."
may not dislike to see preserved in your pages the
following translation from the French. The ori-
ginal publication, it is said, exposed the bookseller,
Palm of Nuremberg, to trial by court-martial. He
was sentenced to be shot at Braunau in 1807 — a
severe retribution for a few lines of echo poetry.
It is entitled

" Bonaparte and the Echo.

Bon. Alone, I am in this ssquestered spot not over-
beard.

Echo. Heard!

Bon. 'Sdeath ! Who answers me ? What being is there
nigh?

Echo. I.

Bon. Now I guess ! To report my accents Echo lias
made her task.

Echo. Ask.

Bon. Knowest thou whether London will henceforth
continue to resist ?

Echo. Resist.

Bon. Whether Vienna and other Courts will oppose
me always ?

Echo. Always.

Bon. O, Heaven ! what must I expect after so many
reverses ?

Echo. Reverses.

Bon. What? should I, like a coward vile, to com-
pound be reduced?

Echo. Reduced.

Bon. After so many bright exploits be forced to resti-
tution ?

Echo. Restitution.

Bon. Restitution of what I've got by true heroic feats
and martial address ?

Echo. Yes. .

Bon. What will be the fate of so much toil and trouble?

Echo. Trouble.

Bon. What will become of my people, already too un-
happy ?

Echo. Happy.

Bon. What should I then be, that I think myself im-
mortal ?

Echo. Mortal.

Bon. The whole world is filled with the glory of my
name, you know.

Echo. No.

Bon. Formerly its fame struck this vast globe with
terror.

Echo. Error.

Bon. Sad Echo, begone ! I grow infuriate ! I die !

Echo. Die!"

It may be added that Napoleon himself ( Voice
from St. Helena, vol. i. p. 432.), when asked about
the execution of Palm, said :

" All that I recollect is, that Palm was arrested by
order of Davoust, I believe, tried, condemned, and
shot, for having, while the country was in possession of
the French and under military occupation, not only-
excited rebellion amongst the inhabitants, and urged
them to rise and massacre the soldiers, but also at-
tempted to instigate the soldiers themselves to refuse
obedience to their orders, and to mutiny against their
generals. / believe that he met with a fair trial."

Jas. J. Scott.

Hampstead.

BLACKGUARD.

(Vol. ix., p. 15.)

In a curious old pamphlet of twenty-three pages,
entitled Everybody's Business is Nobody s Busi-
ness answered Paragraph by Paragraph, by a
Committee of Women -Servants and Footmen,
London, printed by T. Read for the author, and
sold by the booksellers of London, and . . . price
one penny (without date), the following passage
occurs :

" The next great Abuse among us is, that under the
Notion of cleaning our Shoes, above ten Thousand
Wicked, Idle, Pilfering Vagrants are permitted to
stroll about our City and Suburbs. These are called
the Black- Guard, who Black your Honour's Shoes, and
incorporate themselves under the Title of the Worship-
ful Company of Japanners. But the Subject is so low-
that it becomes disagreeable even to myself; give me
leave therefore to propose a Way to clear the streets
of those Vermin, and to substitute as many honest
and industrious persons in their stead, who are now
starving for want of bread, while these execrable vil-

154

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

lains live (though in Rags and Nastiness) yet in Plenty
and Luxury."

" A(nswer). The next Abuse you see is, Black your
shoes, your Honour, and the Japanners stick in his
Stomach. We shall not take upon us to answer for these
pitiful Scrubs, but in his own words ; the Subject is so
low, that it becomes disagreeable even to us, as it does
even to himself, and he may clear the Streets of these
Vermin in what Manner he pleases if the Law will give
him leave, for we are in no want of them ; we are better
provided for already in that respect by our Masters and
their Sons." -

G.N.

The following lines by Charles, Earl of Dorset
and Middlesex (the writer of the famous old song
" To all you ladies now at land"), are an instance
of the application of this term to the turbulent
link-boys, against whom the proclamation quoted
by Mr. Cunningham was directed. Their date is
probably a short time before that of the procla-
mation :

" Belinda's sparkling wit and eyes,

United cast so fierce a light,
As quickly flashes, quickly dies ;

Wounds not the heart, but burns the sight.
Love is all gentleness, Love is all joy ;

Sweet are his looks, and soft his pace :
Her Cupid is a black-guard boy,

That runs his link full in your face."

F. E. E.

"wurm, in modern german passage in

schiller's " wallenstein."

(Vol. viii., pp. 464. 624. ; Vol. ix., p. 63.)

I believe Mr. Keightlet is perfectly right in
his conjecture, so far as Schiller is concerned.
Wurm, without any prefix, had the sense of ser-
pent in German. Adelung says it was used for
all animals without feet who'move on their bellies,
serpents among the rest. Schiller does not seem
to have had Shakspeare in his thoughts, but the
proverb quoted by Adelung :

" Auch das friedlichste Wiirmchen beiszt, wenn man
es treten will."

In this proverb there is evidently an allusion to the
serpent, as if of the same nature with the worm ;
which, as we know,! neither stings nor bites the
foot which treads on it. Shakspeare therefore
says " will turn," making a distinction, which
Schiller does not make. In the translation Cole-
ridge evidently had Shakspeare in his recollection ;
but he has not lost Schiller's idea, which gives the
worm a serpent's sting. Vermo is applied both by
Dante and Ariosto to the Devil, as the " great
serpent:"

" . . . . . I' mi presi
Al pel del vermo reo, che '1 mondo fora."

Inferno, C. xxxv.

" Che al gran vermo infernal mette la briglia."
Orlando furioso, C. xlv. st. 84.

E. C. H.

With deference to C. B. d'O., I consider that
Wurm is used, in poetry at least, to designate any
individual of the tribe of reptiles. In the Kampf
mit dem Drachen, the rebuke of the " Master" is
thus conveyed :

" Du bist ein Gott dem Volke worden,
Du kommst ein Feind zuriick dem Orden,
Und einen schlimmern Wurm gebar.
Dein Herz, als deiser Drache war,
Die Schlange die das Herz vergiftet,
Die Zwietracht und Verderben stiftet!"

The monster which had yielded to the prowess
of the disobedient son of the "Order" is elsewhere
called "der Wurm:"

" Hier hausete der Wurm und lag,
Den Raub erspiihend Nacht und Tag ; "

while the " counterfeit presentment" of it — " Alles
bild ich nach genau" — is delineated in the follow-
ing lines :

" In eine Schlange endigt sich,
Des Riickens ungeheure Lange
Halb Wurm erschien, halb Molch und Drache."

The word in question is in this passage applic-
able perhaps to the serpent section, but we have
seen that it is used to denote the entire living
animal. A. L.

Middle Temple.

WAS shakspeare descended from a landed
proprietor ?

(Vol. ix., p. 75.)

I am inclined to think that Mr. Halliwell has
been misled by his old law-books, for upon looking
at the principal authorities upon this point, I
cannot find any such interpretation of the term
inheritance as that quoted by him from Cowell.
The words " the inheritance," in the passage
" heretofore the inheritance of William Shakspeare,
Gent., deceased," would most certainly appear to
imply that Shakspeare inherited the lands as heir-
at-law to some one. But, however, it must not
be concluded upon this alone that the poet's
father was a landed proprietor, as the inheritance
could proceed from any other ancestor to whom
Shakspeare was by law heir.

Blackstone, in his Commentaries, has the follow-
ing :

" Descent, or hereditary succession, is the title
whereby a man on the death of his ancestor acquires
his estate by right of representation, as his heir-at-law.
An heir, therefore, is he upon whom the law casts the
estate immediately on the death of the ancestor : and
an estate, so descending to the heir, is in Law called the
inheritance." — Vol. ii. p. 201.

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

155

Again :

" Purchase, perquisitio, taken in its largest and most
extensive sense, is thus denned by Littleton ; the pos-
session of lands and tenements which a man hath by
his own act or agreement, and not by descent from any
of his ancestors or kindred. In this sense it is contra-
distinguished from acquisition by right of blood, and
includes every other method of coming to an estate,
but merely that by inheritance : wherein the title is vested
in a person, not by his own act or agreement, but by
the single operation of law." — Vol. ii. p. 241.

Thus it is clear the possession of an estate by
inheritance is created only by a person being heir
to it; and the mere purchase of it, though it vests
the fee simple in him, can but make him the assign
and not the heir. The nomination (as it would be
in the case of a purchase) of an heir to succeed to
the inheritance, has no place in the English law ;
the maxim being "Solus Deus haeredem facere
potest, non homo ; " and all other persons, whom a
tenant in fee simple may please to appoint as his
successors, are not his heirs but his assigns. (See
Williams on the Law of Real Property.)

Russele Gole.

Ma. Haeliwele is perfectly right in his opinion
as to the expression " heretofore the inheritance of
William Shakspeare." All that that expression in
a deed means is, that Shakspeare was the absolute
owner of the estate, so that he could sell, grant, or
devise it ; and in case he did not do so, it would
descend to his heir-at-law. The term has no re-
ference to the mode by which the estate came to
Shakspeare, but only to the nature of the estate
he had in the property. And as a man may be-
come possessed of such an estate in land by gift,
purchase, devise, adverse possession, &c, as well
as by descent from some one else, the mere fact
that a man has such an estate affords no inference
whatever as to the mode in which he became pos-
sessed of it. The authorities on the subject are
Littleton, section ix., and Co. Litt., p. 16. (a), &c.
A case is there mentioned so long ago as the
6 Edw. III., where, in an action of waste, the
plaintiff alleged that the defendant held " de hajre-
ditate sua," and it was ruled that, albeit the plain-
tiff had purchased the reversion, the allegation
was sufficient.

In very ancient deeds the word is very com-
monly used where it cannot mean an estate that
has descended to an heir, but must mean an estate
that may descend to an heir. Thus, in a grant I
have (without date, and therefore probably before
a.d. 1300), Robert de Boltone grants land to
John, the son of Geoffrey, to be held by the said
John and his heirs " in feodo et hasredita'te in per-
petuum." This plainly shows that hcereditas is
here used as equivalent to " fee simple." I have
also sundry other equally ancient deeds, by which
lands were granted to be held "jure hsereditaris,"

or " libere, quiete, hareditarie, et in pace." Now
these expressions plainly indicate, not that the
land has descended to the party as heir, but that
it is granted to him so absolutely that it may de-
scend to his heir ; in other words, that an estate of
inheritance, and not merely for life or for years, is
granted by the deed. S. G. C.

Mb. Haeliwele' s exposition of the term " in-
heritance," quoted from the Shakspeare deed, is
substantially correct, and there can be no question
but that the sentence " heretofore the inheritance
of William Shakspeare, Gent., deceased," was in-
troduced in such deed, simply to show that Shak-
speare was formerly the absolute owner in fee
simple of the premises comprised therein, and not
to indicate that he had acquired them by descent,
either as heir of his father or mother, although he
might have done so. As Mr. Halliwell appears
to attach some importance to the word "pur-
chase," as used by Cowell in his definition of the
term " inheritance," the following explanation of
the word " purchase " may not prove unacceptable
to him.

Purchase — " Acquisitum, perquisitum, pur-
chasium " — signifies the buying or acquisition of
lands and tenements, with money, or by taking
them by deed or agreement, and not by descent or
hereditary right. (Lit. xii. ; Reg. Orig., 143.) In
Law a man is said to come in by purchase when he
acquires lands by legal conveyance, and he hath a
lawful estate ; and a purchase is always intended
by title, either from some consideration or by gift
(for a gift is in Law a purchase), whereas descent
from an ancestor cometh of course by act of law ;
also all contracts are comprehended under this
word purchase. (Coke on Littleton, xviii., " Doc-
tor and Student," c. 24.) Purchase, in opposition
to descent, is taken largely : if an estate comes to
a man from his ancestors without writing, that is
a descent ; but where a person takes an estate
from an ancestor or others, by deed, will, or gift,
and not as heir-at-law, that is a purchase. This
explanation might be extended, but it is not ne-
cessary to carry it farther for the purpose of Mb.
Halliwell's inquiry. Chaelecote.

The word " inheritance " was used for heredita-
ment, the former being merely the French form,
the latter the Latin. Littleton (§ 9.) says :

" Et est ascavoir que cest parol (enheritance) nest
pas tant solement entendus lou home ad terres ou tene-
mentes per discent de heritage, mes auxi chescun fee
simple ou taile que home ad per son purchase puit
estre dit enheritance, pur ceo que ses heires luy pur-
ront enheriter. Car en briefe de droit que home por-
tera de terre, que fuit de son purchase demesne, le
briefe dira : Quam clamat esse jus et hereditamentum
suum. Et issint serra dit en divers auters briefes, que
home on feme portera de son purchase demesne, come
il appiert per le Register."

156

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

The word is still in use, and signifies what is
capable of being inherited. II. P.

Lincoln's Inn.

LORD FAIRFAX.
(Vol. ix., p. 10.)

Your correspondent W. H. M. has called my
attention to his Note, and requested me to answer
the third of his Queries.

The present rightful heir to the barony of Fair-
fax, should he wish to claim it, is a citizen of the
United States, and a resident in the State of Vir-
ginia. He is addressed, as any other American
gentleman would be, Mr., when personally spoken
to, and as an Esquire in correspondence.

A friend of mine, Captain W., has thus kindly
answered the other Queries of W. II. M. :

1. Sir Thomas Fairfax of Denton in Yorkshire
was employed in several diplomatic affairs by
Queen Elizabeth, and particularly in negotiations
with James VI. of Scotland. By Charles I. he
was created a peer of Scotland, his patent having
been dated at Whitehall on Oct. 18, a.d. 1627.

2. The family of Fairfax never possessed pro-
perty, or land, in Scotland, and had no connexion
with that country beyond their peerage. Many
English gentlemen were created peers of Scotland
by the Stuart kings, although unconnected with
the nation by descent or property. I may cite
the following instances : — The old Yorkshire
House of Constable of Burton received a peerage
in the person of Sir Henry Constable of Burton
and Halsham; by patent, dated Nov. 14, 1620, Sir
Henry was created Viscount Dunbar and Lord
Constable. Sir Walter Aston of Tixal in Staf-
fordshire, Bart , was created Baron Aston of For-
far by Charles I., Nov. 28, 1627. And, lastly, Sir
Thomas Osborne of Kineton, Bart, was created by
Charles II., Feb. 2, 1673, Viscount Dumblane.

3. Answered.

4. William Fairfax, fourth son of Henry Fair-
fax of Tolston, co. York, second son of Henry,
fourth Lord Fairfax, settled in New England in
America, and was agent for his cousin Thomas,
sixth lord, and had the entire management of his
estates in Virginia. His third and only surviving
son, Bryan Fairfax, was in holy orders, and re-
sided in the United States. On the death of
Robert, seventh Lord Fairfax, July 15, 1793; this
Bryan went to England and preferred his claim to
the peerage, which was determined in his favour
by the House of Lords. He then returned to
America. Bryan Fairfax married a Miss Eli-
zabeth Cary, and had several children. (Vide
Douglas, and Burke's Peerage.")

There are several English families who possess
Scottish peerages, but they are derived from Scot-
tish ancestors, as Talmash, Radclyffe, Eyre, &c.

Perhaps the writer may be permitted to inform
your correspondent W. II. M. that the term "sub-
ject" is more commonly and correctly applied to
a person who owes allegiance to a crowned head,
and "citizen" to one who is born^and lives under
a republican form of government. LW. W.

Malta.

1. Thomas, first Lord Fairfax (descended from
a family asserted to have been seated at Towcester,
co. Northampton, at the time of the Norman inva-
sion and subsequently of note in Yorkshire), ac-
companied the Earl of Essex into France, temp.
Eliz., and was knighted by him in the camp be-
fore Rouen. He was created a peer of Scotland,
4th May, 1627 ; but why of Scotland, or for what
services, I know not.

2. I cannot discover that the family ever pos-
sessed lands in Scotland. They were formerly
owners of Denton Castle, co. York (which they
sold to the family of Ibbetson, Barts.), and after-
wards of Leeds Castle, Kent.

3. Precise information on this point is looked
for from some transatlantic correspondent.

4. The claim of the Rev. Bryan, eighth Lord
Fairfax, was admitted by the House of Lords,
6th May, 1800 (H. L. Journals). He was, I pre-
sume, born before the acknowledgment of inde-
pendence.

5. The title seems to be erroneously retained in
the Peerages, as the gentleman now styled Lord
Fairfax cannot, it is apprehended, be a natural-
born subject of the British Crown, or capable of
inheriting the dignity. It seems, therefore, that
the peerage, if not extinct, awaits another claimant.
As a direct authority, I may refer to the case of
the Scottish earldom of Newburgh, in the suc-
cession to which the next heir (the Prince Gusti-
niani), being an alien, was passed over as a legal
nonentity. (See Riddell on Scottish Peerages,
p. 720.) There is another case not very easily
reconcilable with the last, viz. that of the Earl of
Athlone, who, though a natural-born subject of the
Prince of Orange, was on 10th March, 1795, per-
mitted to take his seat in the House of Lords in
Ireland {Journals H. L. I.). Perhaps some cor-
respondent will explain this case. EL G.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Mr. Lyte on Collodion. — When I had the pleasure
of meeting you in London, I promised that I would
write to you from this place, and give you a detailed
account of my method of making the collodion, of
which I left a sample with you ; but since then I have
been making a series of experiments, with a view, first,
to simplifying my present formulas, and next, to pro-
duce two collodions, one of great sensibility, the other
of rather slower action, but producing better half-
tones. I have also been considering the subject of

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

157

printing, and the best methods of producing those
beautiful black tints which are so much prized ; and I
think that, although the processes formerly given all
of them produce this effect with tolerable certainty,
yet many operators, in common with myself, have met
with the most provoking failures on this head, where
they felt the most certain of good results.

I do not pretend to make a collodion which is
different in its ingredients from that compounded by
others. The only thing is that I am anxious to de- I
fine the best proportions for making it, and to give a
formula which even the most unpractised operator may
work by. First, to produce the collodion I always use
the soluble paper prepared according to the method
indicated by Mr. Crookes, and to which I adverted in
• N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 252. Take of colourless
nitric acid of 1*50, and sulphuric acid of 1-60, equal
quantities by measure, and mix them ; then plunge into
the mixture as much of the best Swedish filtering
paper (Papier Joseph is also very good) as the liquid
will cover ; it must be placed in it a single piece at a
time. Cover the basin, and let it remain a night, or
at least some hours. Then pour off the liquid, and
wash the paper till its washings cease to taste the least
acid, or to redden litmus paper. Then dry it. Of
this paper I take 180 grains to one pint of ether, and
having placed them together, I add alcohol drop by
drop, till the ether begins to dissolve the paper, which
will be denoted by the paper becoming quite trans-
parent. I have rather increased the quantity of paper
to be added, as the after treatment rather thins the
collodion. This, when shaken up and completely dis-
solved, forms the collodion. To sensitize I use two
preparations, one prepared with potassium, the other
with ammonium compounds; and, contrary to what
many operators find the case, I find that the potassium
gives the most rapid results. To prepare the po-
tassium sensitizer, I take two bottles of, we will sup-
pose, 6 oz. each ; into one of thes? I put about half an
ounce of iodide of potassium in fine powder, and into
the other an equal quantity of bromide of potassium,
also pounded; we will call these No. 1. and No. 2.
I fill the bottle No. 1. with absolute alcohol, taking
great care that there is no oxide of amyle in it, as that
seriously interferes with the action of the collodion.
After leaving the alcohol in No. 1. for two hours, or
thereabouts, constantly shaking it, let it settle, and
when quite clear decant it off into No. 2., where leave
it again, with constant shaking, for two hours, and
when settled decant the clear liquid into a third bottle
for use. The oxide of amyle may be detected by
taking a portion of the alcohol between the palms of
the hands, and rubbing them together, till the alcohol
evaporates, after which, should oxide of amyle be
present, it will easily be detected by its smell, which
is not unlike that exhaled by a diseased potato. Of
the liquid prepared, take one part to add to every three
parts of collodion. The next, or ammonium sensitizer,
is made as follows. Take

Absolute alcohol
Iodide of ammon.
Bromide of ammon.

- 10 oz.

- 100 grs.

- 25 Krs.

Mix, and when dissolved, take one part to three of

collodion, as before. I feel certain that on a strict
adherence to the correct proportion depends all the
success of photography ; and as we find in the kindred
process of the daguerreotype, that if we add too much
or too little of the bromine sensitizer, we make the
plate less sensitive, so in this process. When making
the first of these sensitizers, I always in each case let
the solution attain a temperature of about 60° before
decanting, so as to attain a perfectly equable compound
on all occasions.

In the second, or ammonium sensitizer, the solution
may be assisted by a moderate heat, and when again
cooled, may advantageously be filtered to separate any
sediment which may exist ; but neither of these liquids
should ever be exposed to great cold.

I dissolve in my bath of nitrate of silver as much
freshly precipitated bromide of silver as it will take up.
Next, as to the printing of positives to obtain black
tints, the only condition necessary to produce this re-
sult is having an acid nitrate bath ; whether the posi-
tive be printed on albumen paper, or common salted
paper, the result will always be the same. I have
tried various acids in the bath, viz. nitric, sulphuric,
tartaric, and acetic, and prefer the latter, as being the
most manageable, and having a high equivalent. The
paper I now constantly use is common salted paper,
prepared as follows. Take

Chloride of barium - 180 grs.

Chloride of ammon. - 100 grs.

Chloride of potassium - 140 grs.

Water - - - - - 10 oz.

Mix, and pour into a dish and lay the paper on the
liquid, wetting only one side ; when it has lain there
for about five minutes if French paper has been used,
if English paper till it ceases to curl and falls flat on
the liquid, let it be hung up by a bent pin to dry.
These salts are better than those generally recom-
mended, as they do not form such deliquescent salts
when decomposed as the chloride of sodium does, and
for this reason I should have even avoided the chloride
of ammonium, only that it so much assists the tints ;
however, in company with the other salts, the nitrate
of ammon. formed does not much take up the atmo-
spheric moisture, and I have never found it stain an
even unvarnished negative. To sensitize this paper
take

Nitrate of silver
Acetic acid, glacial
Water -

500 grs.
2 drs.
5 oz.

Mix, and lay the paper on this solution for not less
than five minutes, and if English paper, double that
time. The hyposulphite to be used may be a very
strong solution of twenty to twenty-five per cent., and
this mode of treatment will always be found to produce
fine tints. After some time it will be found that the
nitrate bath will lose its acidity, and a drachm of acetic
acid may be again added, when the prints begin to
take a red tone : this will again restore the blacks.
Lastly, the bath may of itself get too weak, and then
it will be best to place it on one side, and recover the
silver by any of the usual methods, and make a new
bath. One word about the addition of the bromide of

158

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

silver to the double iodide, as recommended by Dr.
Diamond. I tried this, and feel most confident that it
produces no difference ; as soon as the bromide of
silver comes in contact with the iodide of potassium,
double decomposition ensues, and iodide of silver is
formed. Indeed, farther, this very double decompo-
sition, or a similar one, is the basis of a patent I have
just taken for at the same time refining silver and ma-
nufacturing iodide of potassium ; a process by which I
much hope the enormous present price of iodide of
potassium will be much lowered. F. Maxwell Ltte.
Hotel de l'Europe,
a Pau, Basses Pyrenees.

P. S. — Since writing the former part of this letter, I
see in La Lumiire a paper on the subject of printing
positives, in part of which the addition of nitric acid is
recommended to the bath ; but as my experiments have
been quite independent of theirs, and my process one
of a different nature, I still send it to you. When 1
have an opportunity, I will send a couple of specimens
°f my workmanship. I had prepared some for the
Exhibition, but could not get them off in time. I may
add that the developing agent I use is the same in
every way as that I have before indicated through the
medium of your pages ; but where formic acid cannot
be got, the best developer is made as follows :

Pyrogallic acid - - - -27 grs.

Acetic acid - - . - 6 drs.

Water - - -, - - 9 oz.

On Sensitive Collodion. — As I have lately received
many requests from friends upon the subject of the
most sensitive collodion, I am induced to send you a
few words upon it.

Since my former communication, I believe a greater
certainty of manufacture has been attained, whereby
the operator may more safely rely upon uniformity of
success.

I have not only tried every purchasable collodion,
but my experiments have been innumerable, especially
in respect to the ammoniated salts, and I may, I think,
safely affirm that all preparations containing ammonia
ought to be rejected. Often, certainly, great rapidity
of action is obtained ; but that collodion which acted
so well on one day may, on the following, become
comparatively useless, from the change which appears
so frequently to take place in the ammoniacal com-
pounds. That blackening and fogging, of which so
much has been said, I much think is one of the results
of ammonia ; but not having, in my own manipula-
tions, met with the difficulty, I have little personal
experience upon the subject.

The more simple a collodion is the better ; and the
following, from its little varying and active qualities, I
believe to be equal to any now in use.

A great deal has also been said upon the preparation
of the simple collodion, and that some samples, however
good apparently, never sensitize in a satisfactory man-
ner. I have not experienced this difficulty myself, or
any appreciable variation.

The collodion made from the Swedish filtering
paper, or the papier Joseph, is preferable, from the
much greater care with which it is used.

If slips of either of these papers be carefully and
completely immersed for four hours in a mixture of an
equal part (by weight) of strong nitric acid or nitrous
acid (the aqua fortis of commerce) and strong sulphuric
acid, then perfectly washed, so as to get entirely rid of
the acids, the result will be an entirely soluble mate-
rial. About 100 grains of dry paper to a pint (twenty
ounces) of ether will form a collodion of the desired
consistence for photographic purposes. If too thick, it
may be reduced by pure ether or alcohol. However
carefully this soluble paper or the gun cotton is pre-
pared, it is liable to decompose even when kept with
care. I would therefore advise it to be mixed with
the ether soon after preparation, as the simple collodion
keeps exceedingly well. Excellent simple collodion is
to be procured now at the reasonable price of eight
shillings the pint, which will to many be more satis-
factory than trusting to their own operations.

To make the sensitizing Fluid. — Put into a clean
stoppered bottle, holding more than the quantity re-
quired so as to allow of free shaking, six drachms of
iodide of potassium and one drachm of bromide of
potassium ; wet them with one drachm of distilled
water first, then pour into the bottle ten ounces of
spirits of wine (not alcohol) ; shake frequently until
dissolved. After some hours, if the solution has not
taken place, add a few more drops of water, the salts
being highly soluble in water, though sparingly so in
rectified spirits ; but care must be taken not to add too
much, as it prevents the subsequent adhesion of the col-
lodion film to the glass.

A drachm and a half to two drachms, according to
the degree of intensity desired, added to the ounce of
the above collodion, which should have remained a few
days to settle before sensitizing, I find to act most sa-
tisfactorily ; in fine weather it is instantaneous, being,
after a good shake, fit for immediate use. If the sensi-
tive collodion soon assumes a reddish colour, it is im-
proved by the addition of one or two drops of a satu-
rated solution of cyanide of potassium ; but great care
must be used, as this salt is very active.

Hugh W. Diamond.

ftfjiltesi to Minax Qnrrief,

Portrait of Alva (Vol. ix., p. 76.). — There is
a fine portrait of the Duke of Alva in the Royal
Museum at Amsterdam, by D. Barendz (No. 14.
in the Catalogue of 1848) ; and Mr. Warden will
find a spirited etching of him, decorated with the
Order of the Golden Fleece, in the Historia Bel-
gica of Meteranus (folio, 1597), at p. 63. The
latter portrait is very Quixotic in aspect at the
first glance, but the expression becomes more
Satanic as the eye rests on it. Lancastriensis.

Lord Mayor of London not a Privy Councillor
(Vol. iv. passim; Vol. ix., p. 137.). — L. Hartly
a little misstates Mr. Serjeant Merewether's evi-
dence. The learned Serjeant only said that "he
believed " the fact was so. But he was un-
doubtedly mistaken, probably from confounding

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

159

the Privy Council (at which the Lord Mayor
never appeared) with a meeting of other persons
(nobility, gentry, and others), who assemble on
the same occasion in a different room, and to
which meeting (altogether distinct from the Privy
Council) the Lord Mayor is always summoned, as
are the sheriffs, aldermen, and a number of other
notabilities, not privy councillors. This matter is
conclusively explained in Vol. iv., p. 284. ; but if
more particular evidence be required, it will be
found in the London Gazette of the 20th June,
1837, where the names of the privy councillors
are given in one list to the number of eighty- three,
and in another list the names of the persons at-
tending the meeting to the number of above 150,
amongst whom are the lord mayor, sheriffs, under-
sheriffs, aldermen, common Serjeants, city solicitor,
&c. As "N. & Q." has reproduced the mistake,
it is proper that it should also reproduce the ex-
planation. C.

New Zealander and Westminster Bridge (Vol.ix.,
p. 74.). — Before I saw the thought in Walpole's
letter to Sir H. Mann, quoted in " N. & Q." I
ventured to suppose that Mrs. Barbauld's noble
poem, Eighteen Hundred and Eleven, might have
suggested Mr. Macaulay's well-known passage.
The following extracts describe the wanderings of
those who —

" With duteous zeal, their pilgrimage shall take,
From the blue mountains on Ontario's lake,
With fond adoring steps to press the sod,
By statesmen, sages, poets, heroes, trod."

" Pensive and thoughtful shall the wanderers greet
Each splendid square, and still untrodden street ;
Or of some crumbling turret, mined by time,
The broken stairs with perilous step shall climb,
Thence stretch their view the wide horizon round,
By scatter'd hamlets trace its ancient bound,
And choked no more with fleets, fair.Thames survey,
Through reeds and sedge pursue his idle way.

Oft shall the strangers turn their eager feet,
The rich remains of ancient art to greet,
The pictured walls with critic eye explore,
And Reynolds be what Raphael was before.
On spoils from every clime their eyes shall gaze,
Egyptian granites and the Etruscan vase ;
And when, 'midst fallen London, they survey
The stone where Alexander's ashes lay,
Shall own with humble pride the lesson just,
By Time's slow finger written in the dust."

J. M.
Cranwells, near Bath.

The beautiful conception of the New Zealander
at some future period visiting England, and giving
a sketch of the ruins of London, noticed in " N. &
Q." as having been suggested to Macaulay by a
passage in one of Walpole's letters to Sir H. Mann,
will be found more broadly expressed in Kirke

White's Poem on Time. Talking of the triumphs
of Oblivion, he says :

" Meanwhile the Arts, in second infancy,

Rise in some distant clime; and then, perchance,

Some bold adventurer, fill'd with golden dreams,

Steering his bark through trackless solitudes,

Where, to his wandering thoughts, no daring prow

Had ever plough'd before, — espies the cliffs

Of fallen Albion. To the land unknown

He journeys joyful ; and perhaps descries

Some vestige of her ancient stateliness :

Then he with vain conjecture fills his mind

Of the unheard-of race, which had arrived

At science in that solitary nook,

Far from the civil world ; and sagely sighs,

And moralises on the state of man."

This hardly reads like a borrowed idea ; and I
should lean to a belief that it was not. Kirke
White's Poems and Letters are but too little read.

J. S.

Dalston.

Cui Bono (Vol. ix., p. 76.). — Reference to a
dictionary would have settled this. According to
Freund, "Cui bono fuit = Zu welchem Zwecke,
or Wozu war es gut ? " That is, To what purpose ?
or, For whose good ? Carnatic.

The syntax of this common phrase, with the
ellipses supplied, is, " Cui homini fuerit bono ne-
gotio?" To what person will it be an advantage?
Literally, or more freely rendered, Who will be
the gainer by it ? It was (see Ascon. in Cicer.
pro Milone, c. xii.) the usual query of Lucius
Cassius, the Roman judge, implying that the
person benefiting by any crime was implicated
therein. (Consult Facciolati's Diet, in voce Bo-
num.) Hk.

The correct rendering of this phrase is un-
doubtedly that given by F. Newman, " For the be-
nefit of whom ?" but it is generally used in such a
manner as to make it indifferent whether that, or
the corrupted signification " For what good ? " was
intended by the writer making use of it. The
latter is, however, the idea generally conveyed to
the mind, and in this sense it is used by the best
writers. Thus, e. g. :

"The question 'cut bono,' to what practical end
and advantage do your researches tend ? is one," &c. —
Herschel's Discourse on Nat. Philosophy, p. 10.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

Barrels Regiment (Vol. viii., p. 620. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 63.). — I am obliged to H. B. C. for his atten-
tion to my Query, though it does not quite answer
my purpose, which was to learn the circumstances
which occasioned a print in my possession, en-
titled "The Old Scourge returned to Barrels."
It represents a regiment, the body of each sol-

160

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

dier being in the form of a barrel, drawn up
within view of Edinburgh Castle. A soldier is
tied up to the halberts in order to be flogged ;
the drummer intercedes : " Col., he behaved well
at Culloden." An officer also intercedes : " Pray
Col. forgive him, he's a good man." The Col.'s
reply is, " Flog the villain, ye rascal." Under the
print — "And ten times a day whip the Barrels."
I want to know who this flogging Col. was ; and
anything more about him which gained for him
the unenviable title of Old Scourge. E. H.

Sir Matthew Hale (Vol. ix., p. 77.). — From
Sir Matthew Hale, who was born at Alderley, de-
scends the present family of Hale of Alderley, co.
Gloucestershire. The eldest son of the head of
the family represents West Gloucestershire in par-
liament. The Estcourts of Estcourt, co. Glouces-
tershire, are, I believe, also connexions of the
family of Hale. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

The descendants of Sir Matthew Hale still live
at Alderley, near Wotton Underedge, in Glouces-
tershire. I believe a Mr. Bhigdon married the
heiress of Hale, and took her name. The late
Robert Blagdon Hale, Esq., married Lady Theo-
dosia Bourke, daughter of the late Lord Mayo,
and had two sons. Robert, the eldest, and present
possessor of Alderley, married a Miss Holford.
Matthew, a clergyman, also married ; who appears
by the Clergy List to be Archdeacon of Adelaide,
South Australia. Mr. John Hale, of Gloucester,
is their uncle, and has a family.

Julia R. Bockett.

Southcote Lodge.

The Hales of Alderley in Gloucestershire claim
descent from Sir Matthew Hale, born and buried
there. (See Atkins, p. 107. ; Rudder, p. 218. ; and
Bigland, p. 30.) When Mr. Hale of Alderley was
High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1826, the judge
then on circuit made a complimentary allusion to
it in court. The descent is in the female line,
and the name was assumed in 1784.

Lancastkiensis.

Scotch Grievance (Vol. ix., p. 74.). — The Scot-
tish coins of James VI., Charles I., William,
have on the reverse a shield, bearing 1. and 4.
Scotland ; 2. France and England quarterly ;
3. Irish harp. Edw. Hawkins.

Under this head A Descendant op Scottish
Kings asks : " Can any coin be produced, from
the accession of James VI. to the English throne,
on which the royal arms are found, with Scotland
in the first quarter, and England in the second?"

Will you kindly inform your querist, that in my
collection I have several such coins, viz. a shilling
of Charles I. ; a mark of Charles II., date 1669 ; a
forty-shilling piece of William III., date 1697 :

on each Scotland is first and third. I shall be
most happy to submit these to your inspection, or
send them for the satisfaction of your correspon-
dent. F. J. Williams.
24. Mark Lane.

" Merciful Judgments of High Church" Src.
(Vol. ix., p. 97.). — The author of this tract, ac-
cording to the Bodleian Catalogue, was Matthew
Tindal. 'AAievy.

Dublin.

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (Vol. ix.,
p. 105.). — I can refer A. S. to Camden's History
of Elizabeth, where, under the year 1588, it is re-
lated, —

" Neither was the publick joy anything abated by
Leicester's death, who about this time, namely, on the
4th day of September, died of a continuall fever upon
the way as he went towards Killingworth."

I can also refer him to Sir William Dugdale's
Baronage of England, vol. ii. p. 222., where I
find it stated that he —

" Design'd to retire unto his castle at Kenilworth.
But being on his journey thitherwards, at Cornbury
Park in Com. Oxon., he died upon the fourth of Sep-
tember, an. 1588, of a feaver, as 'twas said, and was
buried at Warwick, where he hath a noble monument."

But neither in the above writers, nor in any
more recent account of his life, have I seen his
death ascribed to poison. The ground on which
Stanfield Hall has been regarded as the birth-
place of Amy Robsart is, that her parents Sir
John and Lady Elizabeth Robsart resided at
Stanfield Hall in 1546, according to Blomefield in
his History of Norfolk, though where he resided
at his daughter's birth does not appear. 'AAiefo.

Dublin.

Fleet Prison (Vol. ix., p. 76.).— A list of the
wardens will be found in Burn's History of Fleet
Marriages, 2nd edit., 1834. Occasional notices of
the under officers will also there be met with, and
a list of wardens' and jailors' fees. S.

The Commons of Ireland previous to the Union
in 1801 (Vol. ix., p. 35.). — Allow me to inform
C. H. D. that I have in my possession a copy
(with MS. notes) of Sketches of Irish Political
Characters of the present Day, showing the Parts
they respectively take on the Question of the Union,
ivhat Places they hold, their Characters as Speakers,
Src, 8vo. pp. 312, London, 1799. Is this the
book he wants ? I know nothing of its author,
nor of the Rev. Dr. Scott. Abhba.

" Lcs Lettres Juives " (Vol. viii., p. 541.). —The
author of Les Lettres Juives was Jean Baptiste de
Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, one of the most prolific
and amusing writers of the eighteenth century.

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

161

His principal works are, Histoire de V Esprit Hu-
main, Les Lettres Juives, Les Lettres Chinoises,
Les Lettres Cabalistiqucs, and his Philosophic du
bons Sens. Perhaps your correspondent may be
interested to learn that a reply to the Lettres
Juives was published in 1739, La Haye, three
vols, in twelve, by Aubert de la Chenaye Des-
Bois, under the title of Correspondence historique,
philosophique et critique, pour servir de reponse
aux Lettres Juives. Henry H. Bbeen.

Sir PhilipWentworth (Vol. vii., p. 42. ; Vol. viii.,
pp. 104. 184.)- — In Wright's Essex, vol. i. p. 645.,
Sir Philip Wentworth is said to have married
Mary, daughter of John, Lord Clifford. I do not
recollect that Wright cites authority. I know he
has more than one error respecting the Gonsles,
who are in the same pedigree. Anon.

General Fraser (Vol. viii., p. 586.). — Simon
Fraser, Lieut.-Colonel, 24th Regiment, and Bri-
gadier-General, was second in command under
Bursoyne when he advanced from Canada to New
York with 7000 men in 1777. He fell at Still-
water, a short time before the surrender of Bur-
goyne at Saratoga. He was struck by a shot from
a tree, as he was advancing at the head of his
troops; and died of his wound October 7, 1777.
He was buried, as he had desired, in the redoubt
on the field, in the front of the American army
commanded by General Gates. During his in-
terment, the incessant cannonade of the enemy
covered with dust the chaplain and the officers
who assisted in performing the last duties to his
remains, they being within view of the greatest
part of both armies. An impression long pre-
vailed among the officers of Burgoyne's army, that
if Eraser had lived, the issue of the campaign, and
of the whole war, would have been very different
from what it was. Burgoync is said to have shed
tears at his death. General Fraser's regiment had
been employed under Wolfe in ascending the
Heights of Abraham, Sept. 12, 1759 ; where, both
before and after the fall of Wolfe, the Highlanders
rendered very efficient service. His regiment was
also engaged with three others under Murray at
the battle of Quebec in 1760. Some incidental
mention of General Fraser will be found in Can-
non's History of the 31 st Regiment, published by
Furnivall, 30. Whitehall ; but I am not aware of
any memoirs or life of him having been published.

J. C. B.

Namby-Pamby (Vol. viii., pp. 318. 390.).—
Henry Carey, the author of Chrononhotonthologos,
and of The Dragoness of Wautley, wrote also a
work called Namby-Pamby, in burlesque of Am-
brose Phillips's style of poetry ; and the title of it
was probably intended to trifle with that poet's
name. Mr. Macaulay, in his Essay on Addison and

his Writings, speaks of Ambrose Phillips, who was
a great adulator of Addison, as —

" A middling poet, whose verses introduced a spe-
cies of composition which has been called after his
name, Namby-Pamby."

D. W. S.

The Word "Miser" (Vol. ix., p. 12.). — Cf. the
use of the word miserable in the sense of miserly,
mentioned amongst other Devonianisms at Vol. vii.,
p. 544. And see Trench's remarks on this word
{Study of Words, p. 38. of 2nd edit.). H. T. G.

Hull.

The Forlorn Hope (Vol. viii., p. 569.), i. c. the
advanced guard. — This explains what has al-
ways been to me a puzzling expression in Gur-
nall's Christian in Complete Armour (p. 8. of
Tegg's 8vo. edit., 1845) :

" The fearful are in the forlorn of those that march
for hell."

See Rev. xxi. 8., where " the fearful and unbe-
lieving" stand at the head of the list of those who
" shall have their part in the lake which burnetii
with fire and brimstone." H. T. G.

Hull.

The true origin and meaning of forlorn hope
has no doubt been fully explained in " N. & Q.,"
Vol. viii., p. 569. Richardson's Dictionary does
not countenance this view, but his example proves
it conclusively. He only give3 one quotation,
from North's Plutarch; and as it stands in the
dictionary, it is not easy to comprehend the pas-
sage entirely. On comparing it, however, with
the corresponding passage in Langhorne (Valpy's
edition, vol. iii. p. 97.), and again with Pompei's
Italian version (vol. iii. p. 49.), I have no doubt
that, by the term forlorn hope, North implied
merely an advanced party ; for as he is describing
a pitched battle and not a siege, a modern forlorn
hope would be strangely out of place.

Is enfans perdus the idiomatic French equiva-
lent, or is it only dictionary-French ? And what
is the German or the Italian expression ?

It. Cary Barnard.

Malta.

Thornton Abbey (Vol. viii., p. 469.). — In the
Archaeological Journal, vol. ii. p. 3-17., may be
found not only an historical and architectural
account of this building, but several views ; with
architectural details of mouldings, &c. H. T. G.

Hull.

" Quid fades," Sf-c. (Vol. viii., p. 539. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 18.). — In a curious work written by the Rev.
John Warner, D.D., called Metronariston, these
lines (as printed in Vol. ix., p. 18.) are quoted,
and stated to be —

" A punning Epigram on Scylla as a type of Lust,
cited by Barnes."

162

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

I have not the Metronariston with me, and there-
fore cannot refer to the page. D. W. S.

Christ- Cross- Row (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.;
Vol. viil., p. 18.). — Quarles (Embl. ii. 12.) gives
a passage from St. Augustine commencing, —
"Christ's cross is the Christ-cross of all our hap-
piness," but he gives no exact reference.

Wordsworth speaks of

" A look or motion of intelligence
From infant conning of the Christ -cross-row."
Excurs. viii. p. 305.

These lines suggest the Query, Is this term for
the alphabet still in use ? and, if so, in what parts
of the country? Eirionnach.

Sir Walter Scott, and his Quotations from himself
(Vol. ix., p. 72.). — I beg to submit to you the
following characteristic similarity of expression,
occurring in one of the poems and one of the
novels of Sir Walter Scott. I am not aware
whether attention has been drawn to it in the
letters of Mr. Adolphus and Mr. Heber, as I have
not the work at hand to consult :

" His grasp, as hard as glove of mail,
Forced the red blood-drop from the nail."

Rokeby, Canto i. Stan. 15.

" He wrung the Earl's hand with such frantic
earnestness, that his grasp forced the blood to start
under the nail." — Legend of Montrose.

N. L. T.

Nightingale and Thorn (Vol. viii., p. 527.). —
Add Young's Night Thoughts, Night First, vers.
440—445. :

" Grief's sharpest thorn hard pressing on my breast,
I strive with wakeful melody to cheer
The sullen gloom, sweet Philomel ! like thee,
And call the stars to listen — every star
Is deaf to mine, enamour'd of thy lay."

H. T. G.

Hull.

Female Parish Clerks (Vol. viii., p. 474.). —
Within the last half-century, a Mrs. Sheldon dis-
charged the duties of this post at the parish church
of Wheatley, five miles from Oxford, and near
Cuddesdon, the residence of the Bishop of Oxford.
This clerkship was previously filled by her hus-
band ; but, upon his demise, she became his
successor. It is not a week since that I saw a
relation who was an eye-witness of this fact.

Percy M. Hart.

Stockwell.

Hour-glass Stand (Vol. ix., p. 64.). — There is
an hour-glass stand of very quaintly wrought
iron, painted in various colours, attached to the
pulpit at Binfield, Berks. J. R. M., M. A.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Rev. Edward Trollope, F. S.A., wisely con-
ceiving that an illustrated work, comprising specimens
of the arms, armour, jewellery, furniture, vases, &c,
discovered at Pompeii and Herculaneum, might be
acceptable to those numerous readers to whom the
magnificent volumes, published by the Neapolitan
government, are inaccessible, has just issued a quarto
volume under the title of Illustrations of Ancient Art,
selected from Objects discovered at Pompeii and Hercu-
laneum. The various materials which he has selected
from the Museo Borbonico, and other works, and a large

j number of his own sketches, have been carefully clas-
sified ; and we think few will turn from an examin-

! ation of the forty-five plates of Mr. Trollope's admir-

I able outlines, without admiring the good taste with
which the various subjects have been selected, and
acknowledging the lighl which they throw upon the

j social condition, the manners, customs, and domestic
life, of the Roman people.

As the great Duke of Marlborough confessed that
he acquired his knowledge of his country's annals in
the historical plays of Shakspeare, so we believe there
are many who find it convenient and agreeable to
study them in Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens
of England. To all such it will be welcome news that
the first and second volumes of a new and cheaper
edition, and which comprise the lives of all our female
sovereigns, from Matilda of Flanders to the unfor-
tunate Anne Boleyn, are now ready ; and will be
followed month by month by the remaining six. At
the close of the work, we may take an opportunity of
examining the causes of the great popularity which it
has attained.

Mr. M. A. Lower has just published a small volume
of antiquarian gossip, under the title of Contributions
to Literature, Historical, Antiquarian, a?id Metrical, in
which he discourses pleasantly on Local Nomenclature,
the Battle of Hastings, the Iron Works of the South-
East of England, the South Downs, Genealogy, and
many kindred subjects ; and tries his hand, by no
means unsuccessfully, at some metrical versions of old
Sussex legends. Several of the papers have already
appeared in print, but they serve to make up a volume
which will give the lover of popular antiquities an
evening's pleasant reading.

"We beg to call the attention of our readers to the
opportunity which will be afforded them on Wed-
nesday next of hearing Mr. Layard lecture on his
recent Discoveries at Nineveh. As they will see by the
advertisement in our present Number, Mr. Layard has
undertaken to do so for the purpose of contributing to
the schools and other parochial charities of the poor
but densely populated district of St. Thomas, Stepney.
Books Received. — Mantell's Geological Excursions
round the Isle of Wight, Sj-c. This reprint of one of the
many valuable contributions to geological knowledge
by the late lamented Dr. Mantel], forms the new vo-
lume of Bonn's Scientific Library. — Retrospective Re-
view, No. VI., containing interesting articles on Dray-
ton, Lambarde, Penn, Leland, and other writers of
note in English literature. — Dr. Lardner's Museum of

Feb. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

163

Science and Art, besides a farther portion of the in-
quiry, " The Planets, are they inhabited Worlds ? "
contains essays on latitudes and longitudes, lunar in-
fluences, and meteoric stones and shooting stars. —
Gibbon's Rome, with Variorum Notes, Vol. II. In a
notice prefixed to the present volume, which is one of
Mr. Bonn's series of British Classics, the publisher,
after describing the advantages of the present edition
as to print, paper, editing, &c, observes: "The pub-
lisher of the nnmutilated edition of Humboldt's
Cosmos hopes he has placed himself beyond the sus-
picion of mutilating Gibbon."

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Torrens on Wages and Combinations. Longmans. 1834.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,

to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTBS AND

QURRIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Wilkinson's Ancient Egypt. Vols. IV. and V.

Baxter's Flowering Plants. Plain or coloured.

Evelyn's Diary. 5 Vols. 8vo.

Pepvs's Diary. 5 Vols. 8vo.

Transactions op Geographical Society. Parts or Volumes.

Life of Bishop Ken, by Anderdon.

Percival's Roman Schism.

Wanted by Simms fy Son, Booksellers, Bath.

One or two Plans of the Harbour of Cronstadt, showing the
Mole, Man-of-war's Mole, Fortress, Fortress of Cronslott
opposite, as well as all the Fortresses that are erected in the
Shallows defending the Approach, &c.

Wanted by H. E. Baseley, 9. Old Broad Street.

Bible Prints, either Line Engraving, Mezzotint, or Wood, and
" either with or without Letter-press, for the purpose of binding

•with a 4to. Edition of " Matthew Henry's Commentary on the

Bible."

Wanted by John Garland, Solicitor, Dorchester.

Prints, 2. The
Wanted by Mr. James Pascoe, Solicitor, Penzance.

The British Preserve, etched by S. Howitt
Badger, and 6. The Stag.

An Account of the Ministers, &c, who were Ejected or

Silenced after the Restoration in 1660, by or before the Act for

Uniformity. Second Edition. Vol. I. By Edmund Calamy,

D.D. 1713.

Wanted by John Nurse Chadwick, Solicitor, King's Lynn,

Norfolk.

Sanders' History op Shenstone, in Staffordshire.
Wanted by C. J. D., Post Office, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.

The Hive, having the First Edition of Vol. I.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq. .'.Leamington.

Dublin University Calendars and Examination Papers for
1835, 1836, 1844, and 1845.

Sheridan's (Thos.) Lectures on the Art of Reading. 8vo.
Lond. 1781.

Blacker's (Col. Val.) Memoirs of the Operations of the Bri-
tish Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1817, 1818,
and 1819. 4to. Lond. 1821. Also, by the same, a Map of
Hindostan, from his own survey.

Parker's (Capt. Robert) Memoirs of the most remarkable
Military Transactions from 1683 to 1718. 8vo. Lond. 1747.

Wanted by Rev. B. H. Blacker, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.

Allister's Paradigma Chess Openings.

Russell's Elements of Painting with Crayons. 1772.

Phillip's Life of Smith (the Geologist).

Hirscher's Sympathies of the Continent, translated by Coxe.

J. H. Parker. 1852.
Sir H. Nicolas's Edition of Walton and Cotton's Angler.
Windsor Castle, by Ainsworth. The original edition, 8vo.

with Plates.

Wanted by Mr. Hayward, Bookseller, Bath.

Wordsworth's Poetical Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. Moxon.

Vol. 1. Morocco. (The missing volume was lent to a

student at Cambridge by C. B. W. in 1844.)
Roscoe's Italian Novelist. Second Edition. 4 Vols. 12mo.

Vol. III.
First or Early Edition of The Christian World Unmasked,

by John Berridge.
John Berridge's Works. 8vo. Simpkin & Co.
Geo. Sandys' Paraphrase of the Psalms. Small Edition.
Poems by George Withers. Separate or Collected.
Drayton's Poems. 12mo. Edition.
Walton's Lives. Tonson or Dodsley. 1-Vol. Edition.
Paxton's Magazine of Botany. Nos. 169. and 179. Orr & Co..
Wanted by Mr. Hiscoke, Bookseller, Richmond, Surrey.

JJatfrea to* Carrafyairtfeutrf.

J. B. Whitborne. Where shall we address a letter to this
Correspondent ?

Oxford Jeu d'Esprit. We hope next week to lay before our
Oxford friends a reprint of a clever jeu d'esprit, which amused
the University some five-and-thirty years since.

B. H. C. Will this Correspondent, who stales (p. 136.) that he
has found the termination -by in Sussex, be good enough to state
the place to which he refers ?

C. C. The ballad of " Fair Rosamond " is printed in Percy's
Reliques, in the Pictorial Book of British Ballads, and many
other places ; but the lines quoted by our Correspondent —

" With that she dash'd her on the mouth,
And dyed a double wound " —
do not occur in it.

T. <£. Biographical notices of the author of Drunken Barnaby
will be found in Chalmers' and Rose's Dictionaries. The best
account of Richard Brathwait is that by Joseph Haslewood, pre-
fixed to his edition of Barnabae Itinerarium.— Gurnall has been
noticed in our Sixth Volume, pp. 414. 544.

W. Fraser. Bishop Alterbury's portrait, drawn by Kneller,
and engraved by Vertue, is prefixed to vol. i. of the Bishop's Ser-
mons and Discourses, edit. 1735. The portrait is an oval medal-
lion ; face round, nose prominent, with large eye-brows, double
chin, and a high expansive forehead, features regular and pleasant,
and indicative of intellect. He is drawn in his episcopal habit,
with a full-dress curled wig j beneath are his arms, surmounted
by the mitre.

I. R. R. The song " 0 the golden days of good Queen Bess ! "
will be found in The British Orpheus, a Selection of Songs and
Airs, p. 274., with the music.

Trench on Proverbs. We cannot possibly find space for any
farther discussion of the translation o/Ps. exxvii. 2.

Blomefield's Norfolk Gentlemen who possess a copy of this

work will be kind enough to write to John Nurse Chadwick,
Solicitor, King's Lynn, Norfolk, stating the fact, with their names
and addresses, by letter, post paid.

Professor Hunt's Letter shall appear next week. We can
well understand how a gentleman, who labours so assiduously in
his scientific investigations, can have little time and. feel little anxi-
ety to produce merely pretty pictures. We are glad that the question
was asked (we are sure only in a friendly spirit); and our photo-
graphic readers will be as glad to hear that an en'arged edition of
Professor Hunt's Researches on Light may soon be expected.

C. E. F., Four Photographic Readers, and other Corre-
spondents, shall receive due attention next week.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10*. 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

164

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 225.

IMPERIAL LIFE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY.
1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.

Instituted 1820.

SAMUEL HIBBERT.ESQ., Chairman.
WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., Deputy-
Chairman.

The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by
this Office will be found of a very moderate
character, but at the same time quite adequate
to the risk incurred.

FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent, of the
Profits, are assigned to Policies every fifth
year, and may be applied to increase the sum
insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or
to the reduction and ultimate extinclion of
future Premiums.

ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insur-
ances of 5'J07. and upwards, for the whole term
of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy,
to be paid off at convenience ; or the Directors
will lend sums of 507. and upwards, on the
security of Policies effected with this Company
for the whole term of life, when they have
acquired an adequate value.

SECURITY. — Those who effect Insurances
with this Company are protected by its Sub-
scribed Capital of 730,0007., of which nearly
140,0007. is invested, from the risk incurred by
Members of Mutual Societies.

The satisfactory financial condition of the
Company, exclusive of the Subscribed and In-
vested Capital, will be teen by the following
Statement :
On the 31st October, 185', the sums

Assured, including Bonus added,

amounted to - - - - - £2,500,000
The Premium Fund to more than - 800,000
And the Annual Income from the

same source, to 103,000

Insurances, without participation in Profits,
may be effected at reduced rates.

SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, soudoir.or drawing-room. (Stoned)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C, II.
Dalby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
(Hover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse\
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. II. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves. J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, II. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY
J. PABLLAMENT STREET, LONDON. '
Founded A.D. 1812.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq.

T. S. Cocks.Jun. Esq. J. Hunt, Esq.

M.P. J. A.Lethbndge.Esq.

G. II. Drew, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq.

W. Evans, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq.

W. Freeman, Esq. J. B. White, Esq.

F. Fuller, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustee*.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. : George Drew, Esq.!

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rales of Premium for Assuring
1007.. with a Sltare in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

£ ». d.

- 2 10 8

- 2 18 6

- 3 8 2

£ s. d. \ Age

27- - - 2 4 5 | 42 -

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10.». 6r/., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the (General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
— OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manu-
factory, 21. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
Road, Islington. OTTE WILL'S Registered
Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A.
ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn ; the
Photographic Institution, Bond Street : and
at the Manufactory as above, where every de-
scription of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may
be had. The Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous View3, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the cho;cest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

rtALOTYPE PAPER prepared

\J by Dr. Diamond's Process, 4.s. per Quire.
Albumenise'l ditto, 4s. ditto. Caisson's Nega-
tive Paper for Mons. Lc (iray's Process: —
Waxed, 6s. per Quire : Iodized, 8s. ditto ; Sen-
sitive, available for Three Weeks, 13s., size 17}
by llj, demy folio. Specimens of either Papers
sent between Boards on Receipt of Carriage
(Ten Stamps).

Sold by LUKE SAMS, 7. Adelphi Chambers,
facing the Society of Arts ; and retailed by
J. B. HOCKIN & CO., 289. Strand, London.

Fcap. 8vo., 5s., cloth.

THOMAS a BECKET, and other
Poems, by PATRICK SCOTT.

"Mr. Scott is a true poet." — Notes and
Queries.

" He knows well where lie the springs of the
highest poetic inspiration." — Critic.

" A volume of great ability." — Guardian.
LONGMAN & CO.

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL,
Brond Sanctuary, opposite Westminster
Abbey. — This Hospital was instituted in the
year 1719, and is the oldest hospital in England
supported by voluntary contributions. The
high prices of provisions and coals have mate-
rially increased the current expenditure, and a
sum of not less than 8007. is required to meet
the payment of the tradesmen's bills to Christ-
mas last. 16,000 persons are relieved annually,
and 'he doors of the Hospital are open night
and day for the reception of cases of accident
and urgent disease. The Committee earnestly
entreat the aid of the benevolent at the present
time.

Donations and subscriptions will be thank-
fully received by MESSRS. BOUVERIE &
CO., 11. Haymarket; MESSRS. HOARE &
CO., Fleet Street: by the HON. P. PLEY-
DELL BOUVERIE, and P. R. HOARE.
ESQ., the joint Treasurers ; or by the Secre-
tary at the Hospital.

F. G. WILSON, Secretary.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby hist
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs toinform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and irt
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, materials, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGnT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.— J. B. HOCKiN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mole or
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-

SITIVR PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Poot, Is. 2d.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London : and published by Gkokob Bell, of No. 18S. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid — Saturday, February 18. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 226.]

Saturday, February 25. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, 5^-

CONTENTS.

.Notes : — Page

Legends and Superstitions respecting

Bees - - - - - 167
Oxford Jeu d'Esprit - - - 168
Ansareys in Mount Lebanon - - 169
Primers of the Reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, by the Rev. T. Lathbury- - 170

.Minor Notes : — Objective and Sub-
jective—Lucy Walters, the Duke of
Monmouth's Mother — General Hay-
nau's Corpse — " Isolated " — Office
of Sexton held by One Family Sen-
tentious Despatches — Reprints sug-
gested - - - - - 170

-Qckiues : —
Pictures from Lord Vane's Collection - 171
Burial-place of Thurstan, Archbishop
of York, by George Fox - - 172

Minor Queries : — Admiral Hopson
— "Three cats sat," &c. — Herbert's
"Church Porch" — Ancient Tenure
of Lands — Dramatic Works— Devrcux

Bowly — " Corruptio optimi," &c

Lamenther — Sheriff of Somersetshire
in 1765— Edward Brerewood — Eliza-
beth Seymour — Longfellow — Fresick
and Freswick — Has Execution by
Hanging been survived 1 — Maps of
Dublin — " The Lounger's Common-
place Book " — Mount Mill, and the
Fortifications of London — " Forms of
Public Meetings " - - - 172

.Minor Queries with Answers : _
Queen Elizabeth and the Ring —
Lives of English Bishops : Bishop
Burnet — Eden Pedigree and Arms —
The Gentleman's Calling — Obj and
Sols — Fystens or Fifteenths - - 175

Hardman's Account of Waterloo - 176

Dates of Births and Deaths of the Pre-
tenders - - - - - 177

" Could we with ink," &c, by J. W.
Thomas - - - - - 179

Mackey's Theory of the Earth, by J.
Dawson, &c. - - - - 179

Do Conjunctions join Propositions only ?
bv G. Boole - - - - 180

Robert Bloet, by Edward Foss - - 181

'Photographic Correspondence : — A
Hint to the Photographic Society —
Test for Nitrate of Silver — Professor
Hunt's Photographic Studies— Waxed-
paper Pictures — The Double Iodide
Solution— Dr. Mansell's Process - 181

j51epmes to Minor Queries: — Buona-
parte's Abdication — Burton Family
— Drainage by Machinery — Natto-
-chiis and Calchanti — " One while I

think," &c "Spires 'whose 6ilent

finger points to heaven ' " — Dr. Elea-
zar Duncon — " Marriage is such a
rabble rout" — Cambridge Mathe-
•matical Questions _ Reversible Mas-
culine Names —The Man in the
Moon — Arms of Richard, King of the
Romans — Brothers with the same
Christian Name — Arch-priest in the
Diocese of Exeter, &c. - - - 183

Miscellaneous : —

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 187
Notices to Correspondents - - 187

Vol. IX No. 226.

TNSTRUCTION IN ART,

I General and Special, as afforded at the
SCHOOLS of the DEPARTMENT of
SCIENCE and ART, at MARLBOROUGH
HOUSE, Pall Mall, London. The School
consists of

I. A NORMAL SCHOOL for TRAINING

TEACHERS.
II. SPECIAL CLASSES for TECHNICAL
INSTRUCTION.

Art Superintendent : —
RICHARD REDGRAVE, R.A.

The SPRING SESSION will COMMENCE
on 1st of MARCH, and end 31st of July ; and
the Fees are for that period.

1. The Courses of Instruction are intended
to impart systematically a knowledge of the
scientific principles of Art, especially in its
relation to the useful purposes of life. A
limited application of those principles is de-
monstrated with the view of preparing Students
to enter upon the future practice of the Deco-
rative Arts in Manufactories and Workshops,
either as Masters, Overseers, or skilled work-
men. At the same time, instruction is afforded
to all who may desire to pursue these studies
without reference to a preparation for any
special Branch of Industry. Special Courses
are arranged in order to train persons to be-
come Masters of Schools of Art, and to enable
Schoolmasters of Parochial and other Schools
to teach Elementary Drawing as a part of
general Education concurrently with Writing.

2. The Lectures and Courses of Instruction
are as follows : —

GENERAL COURSE FOR MALE STU-
DENTS ONLY.

A. Free-hand, Model, and Elementary Mecha-

nical Drawing, Practical Geometry and
Perspective, Painting in Oil, Tempera,
and Water Colours. Modelling. The
Classes for Drawing, Fainting, and Mo-
delling, include the Figure from the An-
tique and the Life : and Artistic Ana-
tomy. Lectures, Teaching and Practice,
in the Morning and Evening. Fee 47.
the Session. — Head Master, Mr. Burchet ;
Assistants, Messrs. Herman, Walsh,
Denby, Wills, and Hancock.

B. The Evening Instruction is limited to ad-

vanced Drawing, Painting, and Model-
ling, including the Figure. Fee 27.

TECHNICAL COURSES.

C. Practical Construction, including Architec-

ture, Building, and the various processes
of Plastic Decoration, Furniture, and
Metal Working. Lectures, Teaching and
Practice, Morning and Evening. Fee 47.
Evening Course only. Fee 27. for Male
Students only. Superintendent, Profes-
sor Semper.

D. Mechanical and Machine Drawing, Class

Lectures with Evening Teaching and
Morning Practice. For Male Students
only. Fee 27. Superintendent, Mr. W.
Binns.

E. Surface Decoration, as applied to Woven

Fabrics of all kinds. Lace, Paper Hang-
ings, &c. Lectures, Teaching and Prac-
tice, Morning and Evening. Fee 47 An
Afternoon Class for Females only, Fee
27. An Evening Class for Male Stu-
dents only. Fee 21. Superintendent, Mr.
Octavius Hudson.

F. Poic>:lain Painting, daily Teaching and

Practice for Male and Fenr-ale Students,
Fee 4i. Superintendents, Mr. Simpson
and Mr. Hudson,

G. Wood Engraving. Lectures, daily Teach-
ing and Practice for Female Students
only, Fee 47. Superintendents, Mr.
Thompson and Miss Waterhousc.

H. Lithography, Chalk. Pen, and Colour.
Daily Teaching and Practice for Female
Students only, Fee 47. Superintendents,
Mr. Brookes and Miss Channon.

PUBLIC LECTURES

On the Forms and Colours of the Animal and
Vegetable Kingdoms, by Professor E. Forbes ;
on the Human Form, by Mr. J. Marshall,
F.R.C.S. s on the History of Ornamental
Art, by Mr. Wornum, &c. Admission to eacli
Lecture, 6d.

3. The Instruction for the general Students
is carried on daily, except on Saturdays.

4. Students may matriculate for a period of
three years upon paying 207. in one sum on en-
trance, or three annual payments of 107. They
are entitled to attend all the Public and Class
Lectures, the general and technical Courses, to
receive personal instruction, and to practice in
the School at all times ; they have also access
to the M uscuin and Library. At the end of the
Session they may pass an Examination, and
have the privilege of competing for Scholar-
ships, varying from 107. to 307. a year in value.

5. Occasional Students are at liberty to at-
tend only the particular Courses for which they
enter, and have admission to the Museum, Li-
brary, and Public Lectures.

fi. A CLASS FOR SCHOOLMASTERS
AND PUPIL TEACHERS will meet every
Wednesday and Friday, Tuesday and Thurs-
day Evenings, and on Saturdays. Fee, 5s.
Superintendent of the Training teaching, and
Elementary Instruction, Mr. Burchet ; As-
sistant, Mr. Bowler.

Also at Gore House, Kensington, on Monday
and Thursday.

7. A Register of the Students' attendances is
kept, and may be consulted by Parents and
Guardians.

8. The SCHOOL FOR THE FEMALE
STUDENTS passing through the General
Course, is at 37. Gowcr Street. Superintendent,
Mrs. M'lan j Assistants, Miss Gann and Miss
West.

Fees : — Advanced Classes, 27. and 47. : Ele-
mentary Class, 20s. ; Evening Class, IOs.

A Class also meets at Gore House, Kensing-
ton, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

9. DISTRICT SCHOOLS OF ART, in con-
nexion with the Department, are now esta-
blished in the following places. Open every
Evening(except Saturday) from 7 to 9-30. En-
trance Fee, 2s. Admission, 2s. and 3s. per
month. The instruction comprises Practical
Geometry and Perspective, Free-hand and Me-
chanical Drawing, and Elementary Colour :

1. Spitalfields, Crispin Street.

2. North London, High Street, Camden
Town.

3. Finsbury, William Street, Wilmington
Square.

4. Westminster, Mechanics' Institute, Great
Smith Street.

5. St. Thomas, Charterhouse, Goswell Street.

6. Rotheihithe, Grammar School.

7. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Long Acre.

At 1. and 2. Schools there are Female Classes.
Application for admission to be made at the
Offices in each locality.

For farther information, apply at Marlbo-
rough House, Pall Mall.

HENRY COLE, 1 Joint
LYON PLAYFAIR,/ Secretaries.

166

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

MURRAY'S

BRITISH CLASSICS.

Publishing Monthly, in Demy Octavo Volumes.

Now ready (to be completed in 4 vols.), Vols. I.
and II., 8vo., 7s.6d. each.

THE WORKS OF OLIVER

GOLDSMITH : An entirely New Edition,
edited and annotated by PETER CUNNING-
HAM, F.S.A., Author of the " Handbook of
London — Past and Present."

This Edition is printed from the last Editions
revised by the Author, and not only contains
more pieces than any other, but it is also the
first in which the works appear together ex-
actly as their author left them.

The Times. — A library edition of Goldsmith's
works, well edited by Mr. Peter Cunningham,
and beautifully printed, at is. 6d. per volume.

Examiner Mr. Murray's British Classics,

so edited and printed as to take the highest
place in any library.

Spectator Laboured correctness of text,

with sufficient annotation, distinguishes the
present volume.

A thenomm Those who love to collect our

standard authors in handsome library editions,
may well congratulate themselves on the
issue.

Literary Gazette Mr. Cunningham appears

to have bestowed much pains in obtaining the
text with the author's last revisions.

Notes and Queries Distinguished by skil-
ful editorship, beautiful and legible type, fine
paper, compactness of bulk, and economy of
price.

Guardian. — The best editions have been
consulted, and the present volume certainly
gives evidence of careful and conscientious
editing.

Press. — Mr. Cunningham is an editor, not a
commentator, and he does not confound these
functions. The volume is beautifully printed.

Leader. — Goldsmith's works in four vo-
lumes, edited anew by Peter Cunningham. It
is fit for the best shelves of a library .

Builder. — Mr. Cunningham is peculiarly well
fitted for the task ; his studies have long been
specially directed to the literature, manners,
and people of the last century.

To be followed on March 1st, by

GIBBON'S DECLINE AND

FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. With
Notes and Preface by MI I MAN and GUIZOT.
A New Library Edition, carefully collated,
preceded by the Autobiogvnphy of Gibbon, and
Edited, with Notes, by WILLIAM SMITH,
LL.D., Classical Examiner in the University
of London. With Portrait and Maps. Vol. I.,
8vo- 7s. Gd. (to be completed in 8 vols.)

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

THOMAS MOORE, MR. CROKER, AND
LOKD JOHN RUSSELL.

This Day, uniform with " Moore's Memoirs,"
post 8vo., Is.

THE CORRESPONDENCE OF
MR. CROKER AND LORD JOHN

RUSSRLL, in reference to MOORE'S
DIARY ; to which is added, a POSTSCRIPT
by MR. CROKER, Explanatory of his Ac-
quaintance and Correspondence with Mr.
Moore.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2e. Gd., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of. and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Sea' ce Old Books.
• Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

THE PRIMITIVE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

Second Edition, 8vo., with Wood Engravings,
price 14s.

THE CHURCH IN THE CA-
TACOMBS : a Description of the Pri-
mitive Church of Rome. Illustrated by its
Sepulchral Remains. By CHARLLS MAIT-
LAND.

By the same Author, in 8vo., price 14s.

THE APOSTLES' SCHOOL

OF PROPHETIC INTERPRETATION :
with its History to the Present Time.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

In 1 vol., with Etchings by the Author, and
Woodcuts, price 28s.

LEGENDS of the MADONNA ;
as represented in the Fine Arts. Form-
ing the Third Series of " Sacred and Le-
gendary Art." By MRS. JAMESON.

In the same Series, New Editions,
price 28s. each,

LEGENDS of the MONASTIC

ORDERS, and —

LEGENDS of the SAINTS

and MARTYRS.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

In One Volume, medium 8vo., price 14s.

THESAURUS OF ENGLISH
WORDS AND PHRASES, classified and
arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of
Ideas, and assist in Literarv Composition. By
P. M. ROGET, M.D., F.R.S. Second Edition.

*** Several thousand Words and Phrases,
not contained in the First Edition, have now
been added ; many improvements have been
made in the arrangement of the expressions ;
and the whole Work has undergone careful
revision with the view of increasing its general
utility.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

NEW AND COMPLETE GAZETTEER.

In One Volume 8vo., price 36s. cloth ; or half-
russia, 41s.

MR. A. KEITH JOHNSTON'S
NEW DICTIONARY OF GEOGRA-
PHY, Descriptive, Physical, Statistical, and
Historical : forming a Complete GENERAL
GAZETTEER of the WORLD.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN.
& LONGMANS.

This Day is published, price 4s.

LECTURES UPON THE
CHURCH CATECHISM. By the REV.
HARVEY GOODWIN, M.A., late Fellow of
Gonville and Caius College, and Minister of
St. Edward's, Cambridge.

Lately published by the Same,

PARISH SERMONS, 1st and

2nd Series. 12mo. 6s. each.

SHORT SERMONS at the Ce-

lebration of the Lord's Supper. 12mo. 4s.

FOUR SERMONS preached

before the University of Cambridge, in the
month of November, 18'3. 12mo. 4s.

Cambridge : JOHN DEIGHTON.
London : G. BELL, Fleet Street.

Bohn's Standard Library for Map

0

OWPER'S COMPLETE

, WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY ; com-
prising his Poems, Correspondence, and Trans-
lations j with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty
fine Engravings on Steel, after designs by
Harvey. To be completed in 8 vols. Vol. III.,
continuation of Memoir and Correspondence.
Post 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's British Classics for Mahch.

A DDISON'S WORKS, with the

r\ Notes of BISHOP HURD. In Four
Volumes. With Portrait and Engravings on
Steel. Vol.11. Post 8vo., cloth. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Library for March.

ATHEN^US. The Deipnoso-
phists, or the Banquet of the Learned,
translated by C. D. YONGE, B.A., with an
Appendix of Poetical Fragments rendered into
English Verse by various Authors, and Gene-
ral Index. Complete in 3 vols. Vols. II.
and III. Post 8vo. Cloth, 5s. each.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,.
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Illustrated Library for March.

MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS,
or History of the Feathered Tribes of
the British Islands. Fifth edition, revised by
W. C. L. MARTIN, ESQ. Complete in 2 vols.
post8vo. Hlustrated with 28 Plates, contain-
ing 52 Figures of Birds, and 7 additional Plates
of Eggs. Cloth, 5s. per volume ; or, WITH
THE PLATES COLOURED, 7s. 6d. per vol.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Antiquarian Library for March.

TNGULPHS CHRONICLE OF

1 THE ABBEY OF CROYLAND, with
the Continuations by Peter of Blois and other
Writers. Translated, with Notes and an
Index, by H. T. RILEY, B.A. Complete in
1 vol. post 8vo. Cloth 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

This Day, Is.

A DISCOURSE ON CHURCH

J\ DISCIPLINE AND THE BURIAL
SERVICE. By CHARLES J. VAUGHAN,
D.D., Head Master of Harrow School, Chap-
lain in Ordinary to the Queen.

By the same Author,

THE EPISTLE TO THE

ROMANS : THE GREEK TEXT, wHh

English Notes. In Preparation.

THE PERSONALITY OF

THE TEMPTER, AND OTHER SER-
MONS. 7s. 6d.

INDEPENDENCE AND SUB-
MISSION : the Use and Abuse of each.
Second Edition. Is. 6d.

SERMONS preached in the

Parish Church of St. Martin's, Leicester.
Second Edition. 12s. 6d.

SERMONS preached in the

Chapel of Harrow School. Second Series. 12s.

London : JOHN W. PARKER &. SON,
West Strand. .

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

167

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1854.

it

LEGENDS AND SUPERSTITIONS RESPECTING BEES.

The Vicar of Morwenstow, among the beautiful
poems to be found in his Echoes from Old Corn
wall, has one entitled "A Legend of the Hive ■"
commences —

" Behold those winged images !

Bound for their evening bowers ;
They are the nation of the bees,

Born from the breath of flowers :
Strange people are they ; a mystic race
In life, and food, and dwelling-place !"

As another poet has sung :

" His quidam signis, atque base exempla secuti,
Esse Apibus partem Divince mentis et haustus
^Etherios dixere."

Mr. Hawker's Legend is to this effect : A Cornish
•woman, one summer, finding her bees refused to
leave their " cloistered home," and " ceased to
play around the cottage flowers," concealed a
portion of the Holy Eucharist which she obtained
at church :

" She bore it to her distant home,
She laid it by the hive
To lure the wanderers forth to roam,
That so her store might thrive ; —
'Twas a wild wish, a thought unblest,
Some evil legend of the West.
" But lo ! at morning-tide a sign,
For wondering eyes to trace,
They found above that Bread, a shrine

Rear'd by the harmless race !
They brought their walls from bud and flower,
They built bright roof and beamy tower !
" Was it a dream ? or did they hear
Float from those golden cells
A sound, as of some psaltery near,

Or soft and silvery bells ?
A low sweet psalm, that griev'd within
In mournful memory of the sin !"

The following passage from Howell's Parley of
Beasts, Lond. 1660, furnishes a similar legend of
the piety of bees. Bee speaks :

" Know, Sir, that we have also a religion as well as
so exact a government among us here; our hummings
you speak of are as so many hymns to the Great God
of Nature ; and ther is a miraculous example in Ccesa-
rius Cisterniensis, how som of the Holy Eucharist
being let fall in a medow by a priest, as he was re-
turning from visiting a sick body, a swarm of bees
being hard by took It up, and in a solemn kind of
procession carried It to their hive, and there erected
an altar of the purest wax for It, where It was found
in that form, and untouched." — P. 144.

It is remarkable that, in the Septuagint version
of Prov. vi. '8., the bee is introduced after the ant,

and reference is made to tV ipywrlav &s aenviiv
iroieiTai : ipyas. crefji. St. Ambrose translates it ope-
rationem venerabilem ; St. Jerome, opus castum ;
Castalio, augustum opus ; Bochart prefers opus
preliosum, aut mirabile*

Pliny has much to say about bees. I shall give
an extract or two in the Old English of Philemon
Holland :

" Bees naturally are many times sick ; and that do
they shew most evidently : a man shall see it in them
by their heavie looks and by their unlustines to their
businesse : ye shall marke how some will bring forth
others that be sicke and diseased into the warme sunne,
and be readie to minister unto them and give them
meat. Nay, ye shall have them to carie forth their
dead, and to accompanie the corps full decently, as in a
solemne funeral). If it chaunce that the king be dead
of some pestilent maladie, the commons and subjects
mourne, take thought, and grieve with heavie cheere
and sad countenance : idle they be, and take no joy to
do any thing : they gather in no provision : they march
not forth : onely with a certain doleful humming they
gather round about his corps, and will not away.

" Then requisite it is and necessarie to sever and
part the multitude, and so to take away the bodie from
them : otherwise they would keepe a looking at the
breathlesse carcasse, and never go from it, but still
mone and mourne without end. And even then also
they had need be cherished and comforted with good
victuals, otherwise they would pine away and die with
hunger." — Lib. xi. cap. xviii.

•' We bury our dead with great solemnity ; at the
king's death there is a generall mourning and fasting,
with a cessation from labour, and we use to go about
his body with a sad murmur for many daies. When
we are sick we have attendants appointed us, and the
symptoms when we be sick are infallible, according to
the honest, plain poet :

' If bees be sick (for all that live must die),
That may be known by signes most certainly ;
Their bodies are discoloured, and their face
Looks wan, which shows that death comes on apace.
They carry forth their dead, and do lament,
Hanging o' th' dore, or in their hives are pent.' "

Howell, p. 138.

Of bees especially the proverb holds good, that
" Truth is stranger than fiction." The discoveries
of Huber, Swammerdam, Reaumur, Latreille,
Bonnet, and other moderns, read more like a'
fairy-tale than anything else, and yet the subject
is far from being exhausted. At the same time'
modern naturalists have substantiated the accu-
racy of the ancients in many statements which
were considered ridiculous fables. The ancients

* The bee is praised for her pious labours in the
offices of the Roman Church, "as the unconscious ■
contributor of the substance of her paschal light."
" Alitur enim liquantibus ceris, quas in substantiam
pretiosae hujus lampadis Mater Apis eduxit." — Office
of Holy Saturday.

168

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

anticipated us so far as even to have used glass
hives, for the purpose of observing the wonderful
proceedings of this winged nation. Bochart,
quoting an old writer, says :

" Fecit illis Aristoteles Alveare Vitreum, ut intro-
spiceret, qua ratione ad opus se accingerent. Sed ab-
nuerunt quidquam operari, donee interiora vitri luto
oblevisset." — Hierozoicon, Lond. 1663, folio, Part n.
p. 514.

ElRIONNACH.

OXFORD JEU D ESPRIT.

The following jeu (Tesprit appeared at Oxford
in 1819: printed, not published, but laid simul-
taneously on the tables of all the Common Rooms.
No author's name was attached to it then, and
therefore no attempt is now made to supply this
de6ciency by conjecture. Since the attention of
the discerning public has lately |,been directed
towards the University of Oxford, probably with
the expectation of finding some faults in her
system of education, it is possible that some of
those who are engaged or interested in that in-
quiry may be amused and instructed by the
good sense, humour, logic, and Latinity of this
satire.

" ERUDITIS OXONIiE AMANT1BUS SALUTEJl.

* Acerrimis vestrum omnium judiciis permittitur
conspectus, sive syllabus, libri breviter edendi, et e
Prelo Academico, si Diis, i. e. Delegatis, placet, pro-
dituri : in quo multa dictu et notatu dignissima a
tenebris et tineis vindicantur ; multa ad bujusce loci
instituta et disciplinam pertinentia agitantur ; plurima
quae Academiaj famam et dignitatem spectant fuse
admodum et Hbere tractantur et explicantur. Sub-
jiciuntur operis illustrandi ergo capitum quorundam
Argumenta.

• 'Ek Aibs apyjiixecrBa.'

1. JElfredi magni somnium de Sociis omnibus Aca-
demicis ad Episcopatum promovendis :

' With suppliant smiles they bend the head,
While distant mitres to their eyes are spread.'

Byron.

Opus egregium perutile perjucundum ex membranis
vetustissimis detritis tertium rescriptis, solertia plus
quam Angelo-Maiana, nuperrime redintegratum.

2. Devorguillae, Balliolensibus semper carissimae,
pudicitia laborans vindicatur.

3. Contra Kilnerum et Mertonenses disputatur,
Pythagoram Cantabrigiae nunquam docuisse :

' AeScu5aA/uei/oi i|/eu5e<rt itoikiKois
'E|a7raTaJjTi f*.v0ot.' — Pind.

4. Wiccamici publicis examinationibus liberi, sibi et
reipublicae nocentes.

5. Magdalenenses semper aedificaturientes nihil
agunt :

' Implentur veteris Bacchi.' — Virg.

6. Orielensibus, ingenio, ut ipsi aiunt, exundantibus,
Aula B. M. V. malevole denegatur :

' Barbara Celarent Darii.' — Ars Logica.

7. De reditibus annuls Decani et Canonicorum
iEdis Christi, sive de libris Canonicis.

8. Quasstiones duae : An Alumni iEdis Christijure
fiant Canonici ? An Alumni iEdis Christi re-verd
fiant Canonici ?

9. Respondetur serenissimae Archiducissae de Ol-
denburg quasrenti :

* What do the Fellows of All- Souls do ?'

10. E Collegio iEnei Nasi legati Stamfordiam
missi Nasum ilium celeberrimum, Collegii iirtivvfj.ov,
solemni pompa, Oxoniam asportant.

11. Nummi ad ornandam faciem occidentalem Col-
legii Lincolniensis erogati unde comparati fuerint?

' Lucri bonus est odor ex re
Qualibet.' — Juv.

1 2. Note. — The original heading of this chapter
was altered in a later edition, and therefore is not re-
printed here.

13. Ex Societatibus caeteris ejectos Aula S. Albani
pessimo exemplo ad se recipit :

' Facilis descensus Averni.' — Virg.

14. De Golgotha et de Golgothitis.

1 5. Pradectores an Praelectiones numero sint plures.

16. Viro venerabili S. T. P. R. pradegente pecunia
a clientibus sordide admodum exigitur.

17. Magistri in Venerabili domo Convocationis
necessario adsistentes more Attico tJi rpiw§o\ov reci-
pere debent.

18. De Academicorum in Venerabili domo Convo-
cationis sedentium podicibus igneo quodam vapore
calefaciendis :

* Placetne vobis Magistri?' — & ad Vice- Can.* "■

19. De viris clarissimis Bibliothecaa Bodleiana? Cu-
ratoribus.

♦Scene II. — Enter Quince the Carpenter, Snug
the Joiner, Bottom the Weaver, Flute the
Bellows-mender, Snout the Tinker, and Starve-
ling the Tailor.

Quince. Is all our company complete ? '

Shakspeare.

20. De matulis in Bibliothec?t studentibus copiosius
suppeditandis :

' 'A/jIs yap t)v o{ipt\Ti6.aris ciutV
UapcL ao\ Kpe/irjafrai eyyvs ^irl rov iraTTaXou.'

Aristophanes.

21. De Bibliothecario et ejus adjutoribus.

' Captain. What are you about, Dick ?
Dick. Nothing, Sir.

Captaiti. Thomas, what are you doing?
Thomas. Helping Dick, Sir.'

22. Examinantur Examinatores.'

23. Cuinam eorum Doctoris Planissimi cognomen
jure optimo concedendum sit.

24. De Dodd.

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

169

25. De Magistris Scholarum.

' Who made that wond'rous animal a Sopli ?'

Oxford Spy.

26. Baccalaurei ad Clepsydram determinantes.

• Nor stop, but rattle over every word,
No matter what, so it can not be heard.'

Byron.

27. De Vocum Great-go, Little-go, By-go, in con-
done quadam nupera perperam felici usu.

'"Etj to avrb viroKoplfccrQar ecrri 5e viroKopifff^bs os
t\a.TTov irolei k. t. A. (iiXaSdadat Se 5e?.' — Aristotle.

28. De statua matrona; venerabilis tjjs Goose nuper
defunctae in media Scholarum area collocanda.

29. De statutorum nostrorum simplici perspicuitate.

' ' 'Avapxcudv re Kal areAivrcuov tJ» irai>.'
Ephraim Jenkins, apud the Vicar of Wakefield.

30. An Procuratorum pedissequi recte nominentur
Bull-dogs ?

31. De passere intra Templum B. Maria? concionan-
tibus obstrepente per statutum coercendo.

* *n Ziv fiaaiAtv toO <p64jfj.aros TovpviBtov.'

32. Typographium Clarendonianum famae Univer-
sitatis male consulit, dum Cornelium Nepotem et alios,
id genus, libellos, in usum Scholarum imprimit.

* Fama malum.' — Virg.

' Quajrenda pecunia primum.' — Herat.

S3. De celeberrima Matrona Knibbs ex Horatii
mente deificanda.

' Divina tomacula porci.'

34. Exemplo viri clarissimi Joannis Gutch pro-
batur mortales errori obnoxios esse.

35. Petitur ut memoria viri prosapia ingenio et
moribus spectatissimi Guliehni Stuart oratione annua
celebretur.

* Integer vitae scelerisque purus.'— Hor.

• The merry poacher who defies his God.'

Oxford Spy.

36. Oxonia novo lumine vestita, gaudent Balaente
Atlantica;, exulant meretriccs, Procuratores otio ene-
cantur.

* fls gktos 8>ixev rrjoSe ttjs aAafnrias.'

' Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna.' — Virg.

37. Probatur Bedellum Academicum vero et ge-
nuino sensu esse qunrtum Praadicabile ; quippe qui
comes adsit Vice-Cancellario omni soli et semper.
Doctissimus tamen Higgenbrockius Differentiam po-
tius esse putat, cujus hoec sunt verba :

* Bedellus est de Vice-Cancellarii Essentia,
Nee potest dispensari cum absentia :
Nam sicat forma dat Esse Rei,
Sic Esse dat Bedellus ei.'

Nee errat forsan vir clarissimus, si enim Collegii
cujusvis Prasfectum (genus) recte dividat Bedellus
adstans (Differentia), fit illico Species optata. — Dominus
Vice- Can.

38. Tutorum et Examinatorum Oxoniensium pe-
titio Mediolanum transmissa, ut Auctorum deperdi-
torum restitutor nequissimus Angelus Mains, iste
male feriatus, oculis et virilibus mulctetur.

39. Statuto quamprimum cautum sit, idque sub
pcenis gravissimis, ne quis ad Universitalis privilegia
admissus auctoris cujuspiam libros feliciter deperditos
invenire audeat, inventos hue asportet, imprimat, im-
primendos curet, denique impressos legat.

Haec sunt et horum similia, Academici, quae favore
et Auspiciis vestris auctor sibi evolvenda destinat. Ei
investigandi tsedium, vobis delectatio, adsit, et honos
et gloria. In quantam molem assurgat materies tarn,
varia tam augusta non est in pra?senti ut pro certo
afrirmetur. Spes est, ut omnia rite collecta, in ordinem
breviter et eyicvicAoncub'iKoos redacta, voluminibus, form«\
quam vocant ' Elephant- Quarto,' non plusquam tri-
ginta contineantur.

Omnes igitur qui famam aut Academias aut suam
salvam velint, moras excutiant, Bibliopolam nostrum
integerrimum praesto adeant, symbolas conferant, dent
nomina, ut banc saltern a nobis immortalitatem conse-
quantur, alia fortasse carituri."

J. B. 0.

Loughborough.

ASSAREYS IN MOUNT LEBANON.

In the romance of l^ancred, Mr. D'Israeli
mentions the Ansareys, one of the tribes of Le-
banon, as worshipping the old heathen gods,
Jupiter, Apollo, and Astarte, or Venus. A
writer of fiction is certainly not expected to be
bound to fact ; but in such a matter as the present
religion of an existing people, I feel doubtful
whether to suppose this religion his own invention,
or if he has any authority for it, and its connexion
with pagan Antioch. A people of to-day retaining
the worship of the old gods of Greece and Syria,
is a matter of great interest. I have looked into
Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt, and in some
later writers, but none of them state the paganism
of Tancred to be the religion of the Ansareys.
It is, however, said to be a mystery, so not impos-
sibly the account in Tancred may be the reality.
In the same work, the Sheikhs of Sheikhs, and
his tribe, the Beni-Rechab children of Rechab,
are said to be Jews on horseback, inhabiting the
desert, and resembling the wandering Arabs in
their mode of life. This also is curious, if there
be such a people ; and some of your readers ac-
quainted with the history and manners of Syria
may give information on these matters. The
other tribes of Lebanon are singular and equally
interesting : — the Maronites, Christians of the
Roman Catholic sect, who, however, allow their
priests to marry ; the Metualis, Mahomedans of
the sect of Ali ; and the Druses, whose religion is
unknown, and, as Lamartine tells us, was entirely
so to Lady Hester Stanhope, who lived years in
the middle of them. Volney divides the Ansareys

170

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

in several sects, of whom one worshipped the sun,
another a dog, and a third had an obscene worship,
with such lewd nocturnal meetings as were fabled
of the Yesedee. F.

PRIMERS OP THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.

Little is known respecting the Primers "of this
reign, and yet several editions were published.
My object will be to give some information on the
subject, in the hope that more may be elicited from
your correspondents.

There is an edition of the year 1559, 4to. Two
copies only are known at present ; one in the li-
brary at Christ Church, Oxford, and the other at
Jesus College, Cambridge. It has been reprinted
by the Parker Society. This Primer contains
certain prayers for the dead, as they stand in that
of Henry VIII., 1545. In short, with the ex-
ception of " An Order for Morning Prayer," with
which it commences, this Primer follows the ar-
rangement of that of 1545 ; some things, relative
to saints, angels, and the Virgin Mary, having
been excluded.

But I have in my possession another edition in
12mo. of this reign, of which I can trace no other
copy. My book wants the title, and consequently
I cannot ascertain its date. It was formerly in
Gough's possession. I am inclined to think that
it is earlier than the edition reprinted by the
Parker Society.

Unlike the book of 1559, mine commences with
the Catechism, but the subsequent arrangement is
the same. The differences, when any exist, con-
sist in a more literal following of the Primer of
1545. The Prayers for the Dead are retained as
in the book of 1559. The Graces, also, are more
numerous in my edition, and some of them are
not found even in King Henry's book. One con-
sists of an address, as from the master of the
family, with an answer from the other members.
In some respects this is similar to a form in King
Edward's Primer, while in others it is altogether
different. At the close of the Graces, the book of
1559 has the words " God save our Queen and
Realm," while in my edition the reading is the
same as in the book of 1545, " Lorde, save thy
Churche, our Quene, and Realme," &c.

In " The Dirige " there is a very singular va-
riation. In 1559 we find " Ego Dixi, Psalm
Esaie xxxviii. ;" in 1545 it is only "Esa. xxxviii. ;"
in that of 1546 the form is " Ego Dixi, Psal. Esa.
xxxviii. ; " and my edition has " Ego Dixi, Psal.
xxxv.," being different from all the rest.

Some curious typographical errors are also
found in my edition. In the Catechism the word
king is substituted for queen. In the third pe-
tition in the Litany for the Queen, we have " That
it may please thee to be hys defendour, and
gevinge hyru," &c. ; yet in the previous clauses

the pronoun is correctly used. It would seem
that the printer had the Primer of 1545 or 1546
before him, and that in these cases he followed
his copy without making the necessary alterations.

Such are the more remarkable differences be-
tween my edition and that of 1559.

There is a Primer of this reign in the Bodleian,
quite different from mine and that of 1559. In
this the Prayers for the Dead are expunged, and
the character of the book is altogether dissimilar.
Two copies of this book exist in the Bodleian,
which have been usually regarded as different
editions. From a careful examination, however,
I have ascertained that they are the same edition.
One copy has the title, with the date 1566 on the
woodcut border ; the other wants the title, but
has the colophon, bearing the date 1575. The
latter is the true date of the book, and the date
on the title is merely that of some other book, for
which the compartment had been used in 1566.
Such variations are common with early books. I
have several voluaies bearing an earlier date on
the title than in the colophon. Thus, the first
edition of Sir Thomas Elyot's Castle of Health has
1534 on the title, and 1539 in the colophon. The
latter was the true date. It may be remarked
that the two books in the Bodleian of 1575 will
together make up a perfect copy.

Some of your correspondents may be able to
mention another copy of the edition which I
possess. I am very anxious to discover another.

Thomas Lathburtt.

Bristol.

i3ftwar $att$.

Objective and Subjective. — I tried, a little while
ago, to show in your pages that this antithesis,
though not a good pair of terms, is intelligible,
and justified by good English usage. But I must
allow that the writers who use these terms, do all
that is possible to put those who justify them in
the wrong. In a French work at least, recently
published, I find what appears to me a curious
application of the corresponding words in that
language. M. Auguste Comte, in the preface
to the third volume of his Systeme de Politique
Positive, speaks of some of his admirers who had
by their " cotisations," or contributions, supported
him while he was writing the work ; and he par-
ticularly celebrates one of them, Mr. Wallace, an
American, adding :

" Devenu jusqu'ici le principal de mes souscrip-
teurs, Wallace a perpetue subjectivement son patro-
nage objectif, en me leguant une annuite de cinq cent
francs."

I must confess that the metaphysics according to
which a sum paid by a living man is objeclif, and
a legacy subjectify is beyond my depth.

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

171

While I write, as if writers of all kinds were
resolved to join in perplexing the use of these un-
fortunate words, I read in a journal, " objective
discussion, in the sense of hostile or adverse dis-
cussion, discussion which proposed objections." I
think this is hard upon the word, and unfair
usage of it. W.

Lucy Walters, the Duke of Monmouth's Mother.
— The death of this unfortunate woman is usually
stated to have taken place at Paris. The date is
not given, and the authority cited is John Evelyn.
But Evelyn's words have been misunderstood.
He says, speaking of the Duke of Monmouth's
execution :

" His mother, whose name was Barlow, daughter of
some very mean creatures, was a beautiful strumpet,
whom I had often seen at Paris; she died miserably,
without anything to bury her." — Diary, July 15, 1685.

This passage surely does not imply that she died
at Paris ? In the Parish Registers of Hammer-
smith is the following entry :

" 1683, June 5, Lucy Walters bur."

which I am fully persuaded records the death of
one of King Charles's quondam mistresses.

Edward F. Rimbault.

General Haynau's Corpse. — A most extraor-
dinary account has reached us in a private letter
from Vienna to a high personage here, and has
been the talk of our salons for the last few days.
It appears that the circumstance of the death of
General Haynau presented a phenomenon of the
most awful kind on record. For many days after
death the warmth of life yet lingered in the right
arm and left leg of the corpse, which remained
limpid and moist, even bleeding slightly when
pricked. No delusion, notwithstanding, could be
maintained as to the reality of death, for the other
parts of the body were completely mortified, and
interment became necessary before the two limbs
above mentioned had become either stiff or cold.
The writer of the letter mentioned that this strange
circumstance has produced the greatest awe in
the minds of those who witnessed it, and that the
emperor had been so impressed with it, that his
physicians had forbidden the subject to be alluded
to in his presence. Query, Can the above sin-
gular statement be verified ? It was copied from
a French paper, immediately after the decease of
General Haynau was known in Paris. W. W.

Malta.

"Isolated." — This word was not in use at the
commencement of the eighteenth century, as is
evident from the following expression of Lord
Bolingbroke's :

" The events we are witnesses of in the course of the
longest life appear to us very often original, unpre-

pared, single, and unrelative ,• if I may use such a word
for want of a better in English. In French, I would
say isoles."

The only author quoted by Richardson is
Stewart. R. Cary Barnard.

Malta.

Office of Sexton held by One Family. — The
following obituary, copied from the Derbyshire
Advertiser of Jan. 27, 1854, contains so extraor-
dinary an account of the holding of the office of
sexton by one family, that it may interest some of
your readers, and may be difficult to be surpassed.

" On Jan. 23, 1854,
Bramwell, sexton of the
le- Frith. The deceased
forty-three years ; Peter
years ; George Bramwell,
years ; George Bramwell,
years ; Peter Bramwell,
fifty-two years : total 223

aged eighty-six, Mr. Peter
parish church of Chapel-en-
served the office of sexton
Bramwell, his father, fifty
his grandfather, thirty-eight
Ins great-grandfather, forty
his great-great-grandfather,
years."

S. G. C.

Sententious Despatches (Vol. viii., p. 490. ; Vol.
ix., p. 20.). — In addition to the sententious dis-
patches referred to above, please note the follow-
ing. It was sent to the Emperor Nicholas by one
of his generals, and is a very good specimen of
Russian double entendres :

" Folia Vaschd, a Varschavoo vsiat nemogoo."
" Volia is your's, but Warsaw I cannot take."
Also, —

" Your will is all-powerful, but Warsaw I cannot
take." * * * *

J. S. A.
Old Broad Street.

Reprints suggested. — As you have opened a list
of suggested reprints in the pages of " N. & Q.,"
may I be allowed to remark that some of Peter
Heylin's works would be well worth reprinting.

There is a work of which few know the value,
but yet a work of the greatest importance, I mean
Dr. O'Connor's Letters of Columbanus. A care-
fully edited and well annotated edition of this
scarce work would prove of greater value than
any reprint I can think of. Mariconda.

PICTURES FROM LORD VANE'S COLLECTION.

My family became possessed of six fine por-
traits at the death of Lord Vane, husband to that
lady of unenviable notoriety, a sketch of whose
life (presented by her own hand to the author) is
inserted, under the title " Adventures of a Lady of
Quality," in Peregrine Pickle. I quote from my

172

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

relation who knew the facts.* Lord Vane was the
last of his race, and died at Fairlawn, Kent,
probably about the latter half of the last century .f
The successor to his fortune selected a few pic-
tures, and left the remaining, of which mine
formed a part, to his principal agent. Amateurs
say they are by Sir Peter Lely : a fact I should
be glad to establish. I have searched Windsor
Castle, Hampton Court, and Knowle Park collec-
tions in vain for duplicates.

No. 1. is a young man in what appears to be a
Court dress, exhibiting armour beneath the folds
of the drapery. Point lace neck-tie. 2. Do., in
brocaded silk and fringed dress. Point lace neck-
tie and ruffles. A spaniel introduced, climbing
up his knee. 3. A youth sitting under a tree,
with pet lamb. Point lace neck-tie and ruffles,
but of simple dress. 4. A lady in flowing dra-
pery. Pearls in her hair and round her neck,
sitting under a tree. An orange blossom in her
hand. 5. A lady seated in an apartment with
marble columns. Costume similar to No. 4, minus
the pearls in the hair. A kind of wreath in her
hand. 6. A lady in simple, flowing drapery,
without jewellery, save a broach or clasp on her
left shoulder ; holding a flower in her right hand.
In all, the background is very dark, but trees and
buildings can be traced through the gloom. The
hands are models, and beautifully painted. Size of
pictures, divested of their carved and gilt frames,
four feet two inches by three feet four inches. If
any of your readers can, from this description,
give me any clue to the name of the artist, it will
greatly oblige and be duly appreciated by an
elderly spinster. S. D.

BURIAL-PLACE OF THURSTAN, ARCHBISHOP OF
YORK.

The church of All Saints, in Pontefract, county
York, was some years ago partly restored for divine
worship ; and during the progress of the works, a
broken slab was discovered in the chancel part of
the church, upon which was cut an archiepiscopal
cross, extending from the top apparently to the
bottom. On the upper part of the stone, and on
each side of the cross, was a circle or ring cut

[* A correspondent in the Gentleman's Magazine for
May, 1789, p. 403., who was intimately acquainted
with Lord and Lady Vane, states that " though Dr.
Smollet was as willing as he was able to embellish his
works with stories marvellous, yet he did not dress up
Lady Vane's story of her Lord. She wrote it as well
as she could herself, and Dr. Shebbeare put it in its
present form at her ladyship's request."

f Lord Vane died April 5, 1789, at his house in
Downing Street, "Westminster. He was great-grand-
son of that inflexible republican, Sir Henry Vane,
executed on Tower Hill, June 14, 1662. — Ed.]

down the middle by a dagger ; and bearing on the
circle the following inscription in Old English
characters :

" * w . rjou" . W . all."

In the middle of the stone, and on each side of
the cross, also appear a shield emblazoned with a
rabbit or coney sejant *

Beneath this part appears the commencement of
the inscription, which seems to have run across
the surface of the stone, " Orate pro anim . . . ."
Here the stone is broken across, and the lower
part not found.

Can any of your numerous readers inform me
if this stone could possibly be the tombstone of
Thurstan, Archbishop of York ? It is said that he
resigned the see of York after holding it twenty-
six years :

,( Being old and sickly, he would have been made a
monk of Pontefract, but he had scarcely put off bis-
pontifical robes, and put on his monk's dress, when
death came upon him and made him assume his grave-
clothes ; for he survived but eleven days after his-
resignation, dying Feb. 5, 1 140."

Thurstan is stated to have been buried in the
Monastery ; but may he not have been buried in
the church of All Saints, which was the conven-
tual church of the Priory of St. John the Evan-
gelist, and was situated adjoining the Grange, the
site of the Priory ? In the bull of Pope Celestine,
" right of burial in this church was granted to-
the monks, saving the privileges of neighbouring
churches." (CA. de Pontif. fol. 8. a.)

George Fox.

ffiinav <aum'e£.

Admiral Hopson. — In Tomkins' History of the
Isle of Wight (1796), vol. ii. p. 123., an anecdote
is told of a native of Bonchurch named Hobson,.
who afterwards became Admiral Hobson. It is
mentioned that he was an orphan., bound appren-
tice to a tailor; and that being struck with the sight
of a squadron of ships off" the Isle of Wight, he
rowed off in a boat to them, and was received on
the admiral's ship ; that the next day, in an engage-
ment with the French, when his ship was engaged
yard-arm and yard-arm with the enemy, he
climbed up the mast, clambered to the enemy's,
yard-arm, mounted to the top-gallant mast, and
took down the flag. This created consternation in
the enemy, who were soon defeated. Hobson was

* In "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 19., I find, under the
head of " Wylcotes Brass," an answer to the inscription
" In . on . is . all ;" and as the inscription on the tomb-
stone discovered in All Saints, Pontefract, was very
legibly written " In God is all," may not one family
be a branch of the other ? Can you say where the
quotation is from ?

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

173

promoted to be an officer, and ultimately became
an admiral.

This is the story as told by Tomkins. I wish
to know what was his authority.

Consulting Chernoch's Lives of the Admirals, I
find mention of Admiral Sir Thomas Hopson, a
.native of Bonchurch ; who ran away from his
parents, and did not return to his home till he
was an admiral. This Sir Thos. Hopson was made
second lieutenant in 1672, the year of the action
in Solbay, in which the Earl of Sandwich perished.
He rose to the rank of Vice- Admiral of the Red ;
and in the action of Vigo, in 1702, he distin-
guished himself, and was knighted in consequence.
He received a pension of 500J. a year, and retired
from the service in this year. He died in 1717.
After he quitted the navy, he became Member of
Parliament for Newtown, in the Isle of Wight.

It is evident that this Hopson is the Hobson of
Tomkins ; and that Tomkins spoke of the French
by mistake for the Dutch enemy. But I cannot
discover what authority he had for his account
■of the manner in which young Hobson first distin-
guished himself. G. Currey.

Charterhouse.

" Three cats sat," See. — Can any of your corre-
spondents give me the end of a ballad, beginning
thus, which a very old lady in her ninetieth year
is most anxious to know ? —

" Three cats sat by the fire-side,
With a basket full of coal dust,

Coal dust, coal dust,
With a basket full of coal dust."

Julia E. Bockett.
Southcote Lodge.

Herbert's " Church Po?-ch." — Will any of your
readers help me to the sense of the following
stanza from George Herbert's Church Porch,
verse 48 :

■" If thou be single, all thy good and ground
Submit to love ; but yet not more than all.
Give one estate, as one life. None is bound
To work for two, who brought himself to thrall.
God made me one man ; love makes me no more
Till labour come, and make my weakness score."

The lines of which I want the meaning are the
last three. S. Singleton.

Greenwich.

Ancient Tenure of Lands. — I should feel obliged
to any of your readers who would inform me as to
the ancient tenure by which estates were held in
this country. For instance, a manor, including
within its limits several hamlets, is held by A,
who grants by subinfeudation one of the said
hamlets to B ; B dies, leaving a son and successor,
who continues in possession of the hamlet, and

grants leases, &c, and thus for several generations.
My question is, did A, in granting to B, relinquish
all interest in the hamlet, or how much did he
still retain, since in after years the hamlet is found
to have reverted to him, and no allusion is after-
wards made to the subinfeudatory lords who pos-
sessed it for some generations ? It is presumed
that in early times lords of a manor were owners
of the lands of the manor of which they were
lords ; at present an empty title is all that remains.
When did the practice of alienating lands by a
piecemeal partition and sale commence ? and did
a subinfeudatory lord possess the power of aliena-
tion ? In fact, what is the origin of the numerous
small freeholds into which our ancient manors are
broken up ? J. B.

Dramatic Works. — Dramatic and Poetical
Works, very rare, privately printed, 1840. In-
formation relative to this work will oblige

John Martin.

Woburn Abbey.

Devreux Boivly. — An old and excellent hall
clock in this city bears the name of Devreux
Bowly, of Lombard Street, London, as the maker.
Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." (either ho-
rologists or others) say when he lived ? Uneda.

Philadelphia.

" Corruptio optimi" fyc. — What is the origin or
earliest use of the saying, " Corruptio optimi est,
al. fit, pessima," in its present form ? I state it in
this way, because I am aware of its having been
referred to Aristotle's remarks on the different
forms of government. The old Latin translation,
however, does not contain the expression, and I
have not traced it farther back than to writers of
the seventeenth century, — to Jeremy Taylor, for
instance. E. M.

Hastings.

Lamenther. — Who was the writer of the Life
of Lamcntlier, written by herself, published by sub-
scription in 1771 ? Is it a genuine narrative ;
and if so, where can I find a key to the initials ?

C. Clifton Barry.

Sheriff of Somersetshire in 1765. — Will any of
your correspondents resident in, or acquainted
with the county of Somerset, oblige me by stating
the date of death of James Perry, Esq., the Sheriff
of that county in 1756 ; and also his place of
residence, and the names of his children, if any ;
and where any of their descendants now reside ?

H.

Edward Brereicood. — Is there any authenti-
cated portrait extant of this learned mathema-
tician ? He was the fh'st Gresham Professor of
Astronomy at the University of Oxford, and the

174

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

author of several important philosophical works ;
one of which, on the Diversity of Language, has
been more than once reprinted. Possibly at Ox-
ford, his alma mater, a portrait of him may be in
existence ; and I dare say some resident member
of that University will kindly endeavour to ascer-
tain the fact. T. Hughes.
Chester.

Elizabeth Seymour. — I have lately met with a
pedigree in which it is stated that Sir Joseph
Tredenham (I presume of Cornwall or Devon-
shire) married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward
Seymour, first baronet of the present Duke of
Somerset's line, by his wife Elizabeth Champer-
nown ; but another pedigree gives this Elizabeth
to George Cary of Cockington, co. Devon, Esq.
Which is correct? Or did the said Elizabeth
marry twice ? and, in that case, which was the
first husband? Patonce.

Longfellow. — Could you inform me whether
the name "Longfellow" may still be traced in any
parts of England ? It is the belief of that distin-
guished American poet that his name still exists
in some of the south-western counties ; and it
would be an additional gratification to him that
his hopes were confirmed by testimony.

Oxoniensis.

Fresick and Freswick. — In the map of the king-
dom of Scotland, occurring in the Theatre of the
Empire of Great Britaine, by John Speed, 1614,
pp. 131-2., on the north-east point of Scotland a
place is noted as Fresick East, in the present maps
Freswick. Is Fresick a contracted form of Fres-
wick ? and if so, has it some reference to a settle-
ment of the Frisians (anciently Fresians) on this
coast ? The village Freswick, on the borders of
the Lek, and another Freswick in the neighbour-
hood of Deventus, both in the Netherlands, near
the Frisians, are supposed to owe their names to
a settlement or refuge of those first parents of the
Anglo-Saxons. D. H.

Has Execution by Hanging been survived? — I
have heard vague and indiscriminate tales of per-
sons who, as criminals, have undergone infliction
of the punishment of hanging without total ex-
tinction of life ; but I have always been disposed
to look upon such accounts as mere fables, till
lately, in turning over some newspapers of the
year 1740, I found a case mentioned, under such
circumstances that, if it were untrue, its refuta-
tion might have been easily accomplished. By
The Craftsman of Saturday, Sept. 27, 1740, it
appears one William Dewell had been concerned
in the violation, robbery, and murder of a young
woman in a barn at Acton (which place has so
recently been the scene of another horrible crime).
The Craftsman of Saturday, Nov. 29, 1740, states

that Dewell, having undergone execution, and
being brought to Surgeons' Hall to be anatomised,
symptoms of life appeared, and he quite recovered*
This strikes me as a most unaccountable story;
but perhaps similar ones may have been met with
in the reading of some of your correspondents. 2.

Maps of Dublin. — In Cough's Topographical
Antiquities of Great Britain and Ireland, p. 689.,
it is stated that there is a map of the city and
suburbs of Dublin, by Charles Brookin, 1728, and
a map of the Bay and Harbour of Dublin, with a
small plan of the city, 1728. I have Brookin's
map of the city, 1728, but I have never seen or
heard of any person who had seen the map of the
Bay and Harbour of 1728. Possibly some of your
correspondents could give information on the sub-
ject, and also state whether there be any map of
the city, either manuscript or printed, between
Speed's map of 1610 and Brookin's of 1728, and
where ? C. II.

Dublin.

" The Lounger's Common-place Book." — Who
was the editor of this work ? Any information as
to its literary history, and especially as to that of
the revised edition of it, will be very acceptable
to W. H. S.

Mount Mill, and the Fortifications of London. —
In a topographical account of Middlesex, pub-
lished in the middle of the last century, I find the
following :

" Mount Mill, at the end of Goswell Street, was one of
the forts erected by the Parliament for the defence of
London."

Will any of your correspondents be kind enough
to inform me what the exact site was ; at what
period it was demolished ; what were the names and
sites of any other forts erected by the Parliament
at the time for the purposes of defence ; and, lastly,
in what work any record of them may be found ?

B. R. A. Y.

« Forms of Public Meetings." — Can any of your
readers inform me of the name of the publisher
of Foi-ms and Proceedings of Public Meetings re-
ferred to in The Times of Sept. 16 or 17 last,
and supposed to have been written by the Speaker
of the House of Commons ? Z. Y.

[* Matt of the Mint in the Beggar's Opera says, " My
poor brother Tom had an accident this time twelve-
month ; and so clever a made fellow he was, that I
could not save him from those flaying rascals the sur-
geons ; and now, poor man, he is among the 'otamies
at Surgeons' Hall." The executed culprit noticed by
our correspondent, however, seems to have been re-
animated at Surgeons' Hall. — En.]

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

175

#ttuar Qutvlti fiot'tT) Qwitotrsi.

Queen Elizabeth and the Ring. — Has the com-
mon story, respecting the Earl of Essex sending a
ring to Queen Elizabeth by the Countess of Not-
tingham, in order to procure his pardon, any
foundation in fact ? T. T. W.

[Miss Strickland seems to have examined the tra-
ditionary notices of this love-token. She says : " The
romantic story of the ring which, it is said, the queen
had given to Essex in a moment of fondness as a pledge
of her affection, with an intimation ' that, if he for-
feited her favour, if he sent it back to her, the sight of
it would ensure her forgiveness,' must not be lightly
rejected. It is not only related by Osborne, who is
considered a fair authority for other things, and quoted
by historians of all parties, but it is a family tradition
of the Careys, who were the persons most likely to be
in the secret, as they were the relations and friends of
all the parties concerned, and enjoyed the confidence of
Queen Elizabeth. The following is the version given
by Lady Elizabeth Spelman, a descendant of that
House, to the editor of her great-uncle Robert Carey's
Memoirs : ' When Essex lay under sentence of death,
he determined to try the virtue of the ring, by sending
it to the queen, and claiming the benefit of her pro-
mise ; but knowing he was surrounded by the crea-
tures of those who were bent on taking his life, he was
fearful of trusting it to any of his attendants. At
length, looking out of his window, he saw early one
morning a boy whose countenance pleased him, and
him he induced by a bribe to carry the ring, which he
threw down to him from above, to the Lady Scrope
his cousin, who had taken so friendly interest in his
fate. The boy, by mistake, carried it to the Countess
of Nottingham, the cruel sister of the fair and gentle
Scrope, and, as both these ladies were of the royal bed-
chamber, the mistake might easily occur. The countess
carried the ring to her husband the Lord Admiral, who
was the deadly foe of Essex, and told him the message,
but he bade her suppress both.' The queen, uncon-
scious of the accident, waited in the painful suspense
of an angry lover for the expected token to arrive; but
not receiving it, she concluded he was too proud to
make this last appeal to her tenderness, and, after
having once revoked the warrant, she ordered the exe-
cution to proceed. It was not till the axe had abso-
lutely fallen, that the world could believe that Elizabeth
would take the life of Essex." — Lives of the Queens of
England, vol. iv. p. 747.]

Lives of English Bishops : Bishop Burnet. —
I should be glad to know who is the author of
The Lives of the English Bishops, from the Re-
stauration to the Revolution; Fit to be opposed to the
Aspersions of some late Writers of Secret History :
London, printed for C. Rivington, at the Bible
and Crown in St. Paul's Churchyard, mpccxxxi ?
The name of " Nath. Salmon, LL. B. cccc," is
■written on the title-page ; but it does not appear
whether this is intended to indicate the author, or
merely a former possessor of the copy now lying

before me. From this work, in which Burnet,
Kennett, and others are very severely criticised, I
send a curious extract relating to Burnet :

" He puts me in mind of a petty canon of Exeter,
to whom he used military force upon refusal to alter
the prayers at his command until he should receive the
proper instructions. He brought a file of musqueteers
upon him, and crammed his amendments down his
throat. This man, in a journey to London, visited the
musical part of the Church of Salisbury, and was as
usual asked to sing an anthem at evening service. He
was a lover of humour, and singing the 137th Psalm,
threw out his right hand towards the bishop's stall,
and with great emphasis pronounced the words, ' If I
forget thee — if I forget thee,' repeating it so often that
the whole congregation inquired after the meaning of
it. It was from that time ordered that no strange
songster should come up more." — P. 229.

E. H. A.

[This work was written by Nathaniel Salmon, who
was deprived of his curacy for being a Nonjuror. He
afterwards settled as a physician at Bishop- Stortford
in Hertfordshire, where he died in 1742. See a notice
of him, and his other works, in Bowyer's Anecdotes,
p. 638.]

Eden Pedigree and Arms. — I find in Gough
Nicholl's Topographer and Genealogist, vol. i.
p. 173., mention of a monument in All Saints'
Church, Sudbury, to one of the Eden family ; and
a pedigree painted on the east wall of Eden, much
defaced, with. numerous arms, date 1615. Would
any of your correspondents kindly give me par-
ticulars of this monument, pedigree, and arms ?

Elffin ap Gwyddno.

[The monument was commenced by the second Sir
Thomas Eden in 1615, and contained, some years since,
an inscription upon brass, a limbed picture, and upon
the wall, beneath the canopy, a pedigree of the mar-
riages of the family with those of Waldegrave, Peyton,
Steward, Workington, Harrys, and St. Clere. The
whole having fallen into ruin, it became necessary in
1851 to remove it. The brass being gone, the follow-
ing inscription upon the verge of the canopy alone was
visible : " This tombe was finished at ye coste of Sir
Thomas Eden, Knight, Maie 16, 1617." A large
mural monument to the memory of several of the Eden
family is about to be erected by its side. See the
Rev. Charles Badham's History and Antiquities of All
Saints1 Church, Sudbury, pp. 44-46. and 162., London,
1852; who says that the pedigree upon the wall has
been preserved, but does not state where it may be
seen : it will, however, be found among the Harleian
MSS. in the British Museum.]

The Gentleman's Calling. — Can any one tell
me who was the author of this book? It was
printed in London for T. Garthwait, at the little
north doore of St. Pauls, 1660. John Scribe.

[This work is attributed to the uncertain author of
The Whole Duty of Man, and is included among the
collected works of that writer in the folio edition of

176

1729. Compare « N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 537.,
Vol. viii., p. 564.]

Obs and Sols. — Burton, in his Anatomy of
Melancholy (" Democritus to the Header"), 6th
edition, has the following passage :

" Bale, Erasmus, Hospinian, Vives, Kemnisius, ex-
plode, as a vast ocean of obs and sols, school divinity."
"What is the meaning of the terms obs and sols ?

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

[This is a quaint abbreviation of the words objec-
tiones et solutiones, being frequently so contracted in
the margins of books of controversial divinity to mark
the transitions from the one to the other. Hence
Butler ( Hudibras, in. ii. 1237.) has coined the name
of ob and sollers for scholastic disputants :

" But first, o' th' first : the Isle of Wight
Will rise up, if you should deny't ;
Where Henderson, and the other masses,
Were sent to cap texts and put cases :
To pass for deep and learned scholars,
Although but paltry ob and sollers :
As if th' unseasonable fools,
Had been a coursing in the schools."]

Fystens or Fifteenths. — Can you inform me
■what is the meaning of the word " fystens." In
looking over an old corporation chamber book
some years ago I found the following entries, of
which I made extracts :

" 1587. Paid to Mr. Mayor for fystenes, iiij. [sic],
1589. Paid Mr. Dyston for the fystens, xxxs.

More for the fystens, xxvjs.
1592. Paid for the fystenes, xixs. iijri.

More for fystenes, xxxis. vije?. q.

1594. Paid to make up the fystenes, xxxijs. iijJ.

1595. Paid for the fistenies, xxxs."

In a recent publication this last entry is extracted
thus :

" 1595. Paid for the fifteenths, 30s."

Patonce.

[This was the tribute or imposition of money called
fifteenths, formerly laid upon cities-, boroughs, &c, so
called because it amounted to a fifteenth part of that
which each city or town was valued at, or a fifteenth
of every man's personal estate, according to a reason-
able valuation. In 1588, on occasion of the Spanish
invasion, the Parliament gave Queen Elizabeth two
subsidies and four fifteenths.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

with

hard:jan's account op Waterloo.

(Vol. viii., p. 199.)

The book for which G-. D. inquires is, A De-
scriptive Poem of the Battle of Waterloo, and Two
previous Days, dedicated to the Earl of Carlisle,
by Captain ilardman, London, 1827, 8vo., pp. 28.

It appears from the dedication that he was adju-
tant to the 10th Royal Hussars, of which the Hon.
F. Howard was major. He says :

" We breakfasted together in the hovel on the 18th,
in the morning, as stated in the poem; and during that
dreadful bloody day, he and I were frequently dis-
coursing about our situation ; the good position occu-
pied by us ; the humane feeling of our brave Duke for
choosing that situation to save men's lives ; and on<?e
during the day our regiment was completely sheltered;
all the balls from the enemy flying over our heads,
except one that dropped about six yards from the
major and me. We were at that time dismounted
about twenty minutes, to rest the horses. I took the
ball up ; we looked at it, and had a good hearty laugh
over it."

Here is the description referred to :

" At three in the morning I went to Major Howard, —
' This morning, Major, is enough to make us all

cowards ;
Such a night of heavy rain I never before saw,
It has fell hard on my shoulders and made them raw;
But still I am hearty, can I do anything for you?
For on the face of this province I never will rue.'
1 No, thank you, Hardman, not now, come by-and-

by;
I have lain in this place till my neck 's all awry.
My servant is getting a light, then a letter I write;
But I am so excessively cold I cannot one indite.
He shall then make a fire, and set water over,
Come in an hour and live with me in clover;
We will have some coffee and some fat fowl too,
Then we can face the French well at Waterloo !'
'Thank you, Major, I will do myself the honour,
That will be better than being sat on by the coroner."

P. 12.

The prose description of the charge is clear and
vivid:

" When we advanced to decide the destiny of the
day, our right squadron was in front, led on by the
brave Major-General Sir II. Vivian, commanding our
brigade ; Lord Robert Manners commanding our regi-
ment ; Major Howard commanding the right squadron;
and I, the adjutant, in front with those officers. Just
as we began to advance, I said, ' Major, what a grand
sight we have before us !' ' Yes, it is,' said the major.
These were the last words he spoke, for in half a
minute afterwards we were right amongst them, slash-
ing away; then there was no time to talk. We quickly
made them turn their backs towards us ; but there was
one square of infantry that stood firm. That square
made sad havoc among us. The major was killed by
that square. He was not six yards from the muzzles
of the French firelocks when he was shot. He fell off
his horse, and, I believe, never moved a finger; but I
had not a moment's time to stop, for we had not then
cleared the field. This, my lord, is a true account of
the last moments of your lordship's late son, and one of
the best friends I ever had." — P. iv.

" We then drove their cavalry past a solid square mass;
This mass stood firm against us, like solid brass.

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

177

This is the place where Hon. Major F. Howard was

killed,
That grieved my mind sorely and my poor heart

thrilled."— P. 19.

Then follow some reflections which I abstain
from quoting, as the way in which they are ex-
pressed would produce an effect quite contrary
to the author's intentions. The burial is thus
described :

" I ordered the party to mount their horses,

And proceed to carry off and bury all our losses.

The party assemble here, now instantly move for-
ward :

Serjeant, take care where you bury Major Howard.

Take two objects in view, or three if you can,

Then you will be sure to find him again !

He lies in the hollow, not far from the French
guns.

Bury him by their side, but not where water runs."

P. 21.

The criticism of the note quoted by G. D. is
sound : " Hardman was no poet, but he could
describe graphically what he saw and did." The
poem seems to have been the result of a sudden
thought. In the dedication he says it was not
begun till May 18, and "A Letter to the Right
Hon. George Canning," appended to it, is dated
June 4. In the letter he says, that if he " can get
into the printing-house again without loss," he
will answer Mr. Canning effectually on the Ca-
tholic question. He also hopes " to get before
the public every week," and "to show that all
gentlemen professing the law are the most abused,
and at the same time more honest than any other
class in this kingdom." Had the last-mentioned
hope been fulfilled, I think I should have heard
of it. I have not met with any other work bear-
ing Captain Hardman's name ; and probably his
printer's bill (he was his own publisher) put an
end to his literary career.

I subjoin two specimens of the poem which,
though not relating to the subject of G. D.'s
Query, may be interesting if you have room for
them, as such poetry is not published every day.
An exhortation to good conduct ends thus :

" Therefore let us prepare, the call may be very soon ;
Then we shall not despair, if the call be made before

noon :
But if our sins weigh us down, what misery and

woe !
Ah ! devils all slily squinting, and to them we must

8.°*

Their eyes are flames of fire, their tongues are fright-
ful darts,

Their looks a venomous ire, ready to pierce our feeble
hearts,

Their cloven feet of enmity, their tally stings so
long,

Their poisonous hearts of calomel, daily forming vi-
cious songs." — P. 12.

The other describes his own narrow escape, and
the death of an artilleryman :

" A ball from their infantry went through my jacket,
Took the skin off my side, and made me racket.
My sword-belt turned it, otherwise through it must

have gone.
The stroke was very severe, compare it to a sharp

gore.
Captain Fitzroy said, ' Harding is severely wounded ;
A ball has gone through his side : here it comes,

rounded ! '
'Stop,' said I, 'a minute; I shall be ready for ano-
ther shot,
I have now gotten my breath again, I will make them

rot.'
I then said to a gunner who was alleviating a gun,
'Which of those columns do you mean to mako

run ? '
•That,' said he, pointing with his finger to a very

large mass.
A ball came that instant and turned him into brass.
It cut him in two ; he then turned as yellow as that

metal.
He was a strange sight to see, and appeared quite

brittle."— P. 16.

H. B. C.
U. U. C.

DATES OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS OP THE PRE-
TENDERS.

(Vol. viii., p. 565.)

Though it is much to be regretted that the
dates in question are not recorded on the Stuart
monument in St. Peter's, yet the deficiency is in
part supplied by the cenotaph raised to the me-
mory of his elder brother by Cardinal York, in
his cathedral church at Frascati. From it we
find that Charles Edward deceased on 31st Ja-
nuary, 1788, at the age of sixty-seven years and
one month. This date also fixes the year of his
birth at 1720, and the month December; most
probably the 28th, though often given as the 31st.
We give a copy of the inscription below.

The date of the birth and decease of James III.
is correctly given in " N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 565.

An account of the sepulchral monument of the
last of the Stuarts may interest the readers of
" N". & Q." In the south aisle of St. Peter's, and
against the first pier of the nave, is the monument
of the Stuarts. It was sculptured by Canova to
the memory of James, the old Pretender ; Charles
Edward, the young Pretender ; and Henry Bene-
dict, the Cardinal, who was known in Rome as
Cardinal York. Part of the expense of the mo-
nument was defrayed by George IV., who sent a
donation of fifty pounds for the purpose to
Pius VII. The monument is built on to the ma-
sonry of the pier, of white marble, about fifteen
feet high, and is in the form of the frustruni of a

178

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

pyramid, and surmounted above the entablature
by the royal arms of England. Below the arms
are profile portraits in bas-relief of James, Charles
Edward, and Henry Benedict, surmounted by a
festoon of flowers. Beneath the portraits is the
following inscription :

" Jacobo III.

Jacobi II. Magna? Brit, regis filio,

Karolo Edvardo,

Et Henrico, decano Patrum Cardinalium,

Jacobi III. filiis,

Regia? Stirpis Stuardia? postremis.

A.D. MDCCCXIX.

Beati mortui,
Qui in Domino moriuntur."

There is a representation of panelled doors, as
if leading to a vault, below the inscription, though
their sepulchre is not in this locality ; a small tri-
angular slab of marble surmounts the door, with
the words " Beati mortui," &c. A weeping angel
in bas-relief guards the doorway on each side ; the
head of each angel resting on the bosom, the
wings drooping, the hands elevated, joined to-
gether, and resting on the end of an extinguished
and inverted torch. The figures of the two angels
are exquisitely beautiful, and among Canova's
finest works.

The bodies, however, of these last representa-
tives of a fallen line are not buried beneath this
monument, but in the crypt under the dome, and
in that portion of it called the " Grotte Vecchie."
There, in the first aisle to the left on entering,
against the wall, a tomb about six feet long by
three broad contains all that remains of the ashes
of the last of the Stuarts. Over it is a plain slab
of marble, with an inscription to announce that
this is the burial-place of" James III., Charles III.,
and Henry IX., Kings of England." Even in
death this royal race has not abandoned the claim
they were unable to enforce.

Opposite to this monument is the monument of
Maria Clementina, daughter of James Sobieski,
and grand-daughter of John Sobieski, King of
Poland, wife of James III., and mother of Charles
Edward and Henry Benedict. She married on
3rd September, 1719, and died at Rome on 18th
January, 1735. The monument stands against
the wall over the door leading to the staircase by
which the public ascend to the cupola. Pietro
Bracci carved the monument from the design of
Filippo Barigioni, consisting of a pyramid of por-
phyry on a base of Porta Santa marble, the whole
relieved by a ground of blue sky and clouds
painted on the wall. Under the elevated pyramid
is the sarcophagus of porphyry, above which are
two marble statues, one of Charity, and the other
of an infant, which support a circular medallion
portrait in mosaic, of Maria Clementina, by Cav.
Cristofori, from a painting by Lewis Stern. Dra-
pery of Sicilian alabaster, with a fringe of gilded

bronze, falls in ample folds on both sides of the
sarcophagus, which is flanked by two angels, one
holding a crown and the other a sceptre ; and upon
it the words are carved " Maria Clementina M.
Britann. Fr. et Hibern. Regina." It was erected
by the " Fabbrica di S. Pietro," at the cost of
18,000 scudi. There is another monument in
Rome to Maria Clementina, and it is in the church
of the SS. Apostoli, in the nave, upon the second
pier on the right-hand side. It contains her
heart, and consists of a circular urn of verde
antico, surmounted by a crown, over which two
angels hover, of white marble ; and below, a
tablet of rosso antico, bearing an inscription, thus :

" Maria? Clementina? Magna? Britannia?
Etc. Reginae, Fratres Min. Cons, venerabundi pp.

Hie Clementina? remanent pra?cordia, nam cor
Ca?lestis fecit ne superesset amor."

Charles Edward has also another monument in
addition to the one in St. Peter's, namely, at Fras-
cati, fourteen miles from Rome, of which see Car-
dinal York was bishop. Its position is to the left
of the great entrance door ; the inscription runs
thus:

" Hie situs est Karolus Odoardus, cui pater Ja-
cobus III., Rex Anglia?, Scotia?, Francia?, Hiberniae,
primus natorum, paterni juris et regia? dignitatis suc-
cessor et haeres, qui, domicilio sibi Roma? delecto,
Comes Albanyensis dictus est. Vixit annos i.xvn et
mensem : decessit in pace )j£ pridie Kal. Febr. anno

MDCCLXXXV1II.

« Henricus Card. Episc. Tusculan., cui paterna jura
titulique cessere, Ducis Eboracensis appellatione re-
sumpta, in ipso luctu amori et reverentia? obsequutus,
indicto in templum suum funere multis cum lacrimis
praesens justa persolvit fratri augustissimo, honorem-
que sepulchri ampliorem destinavit."

Henry Benedict, or Cardinal York, was born
at Rome on 6th of March, 1725. He was Bishop
of Ostia and Velletri, Dean of the Sacred College,
Vice-Chancellor of the Roman Church, Arch-
priest of St. Peter's, and Prefect of the Fabric of
St. Peter's. He deceased at Frascati in July, 1 807.
In the church at Frascati, on the left hand of the
entrance into the sanctuary, there is a monument
in his honour ; but I have not a copy of the in-
scription.

It is needless to add that though all these mo-
numents are made of the richest marbles, and at
great cost, the effect produced by them as
Christian sepulchral monuments is unsatisfactory
in the extreme. The inscriptions upon them are
in equally bad taste. Cetrep.

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

179

" COULD WE WITH INK, ETC.

(Vol. viii., p. 648., &c.)
I agree with your learned correspondent Mr.
Margoliouth, that the authorship of the lines
alluded to must be ascertained by comparing the
whole, and not by a single expression. It seems
tome highly probable that they were suggested,
either by the Chaldee hymn quoted by your cor-
respondent, or by the lines of Chaucer, quoted
" N & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 180. I cannot, however,
agree that the popular lines in question are a
translation of the Chaldee hymn. The improba-
bility will appear, if we compare them (as given
"N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 127.) with the following
version of the hymn ; which, although metrical,
will be found sufficiently literal :

" To write the eternal power of God, no effort would

suffice ;
Although, such writing to contain, the volume were

the skies ;
Each reed a pen ; and for the ink, the waters of the

sea;
And though each dweller on the earth, an able scribe

should be."

This hymn, I admit, is more succinct than the
popular lines ; but at the same time I cannot but
think that its author was indebted to the passage
in the Koran (" N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 422.),
immediately, or through Chaucer ; who has not
only the general sentiment as there found, but
also —

" Eche sticke a pen, eche man a scrivener able."

I am equally convinced, that Mahomet himself
took the thought from the passage in the New
Testament, as suggested by your correspondent
E. G. R. Each successive writer appears to have
added something to what he borrowed. But
when the Evangelist, John, had said, " The world
itself would not be able to contain the books that
should be written," it was easy for one writer to
suppose an inkstand capacious as the sea ; and for
another to supply parchment, pens, and scribes
ad libitum. That the phrase in the Koran should
now be common in the East, is not wonderful,
considering the extent to which Mahomedanism
has prevailed there. After all, I do not think
that the additions are any very great improve-
ments. Without disputing about tastes, I may
say at least that, for my own part, I greatly prefer
the simplicity of the original idea, as expressed by
the beloved disciple. J. W. Thomas.

Dewsbury.

MACKET S THEORY OF THE EARTH.

(Vol. viii., pp. 468. 565. ; Vol. ix., p. 89.)

A friend called on me this morning with the
Number containing a notice of S. A. Mackey,

supposing that, being a neighbour, I could furnish
a few particulars of that extraordinary man. The
whole of his MSS. came into my possession after
his demise. Amongst these was a MS. of his
Life, written by himself, and of which I took a
faithful copy : which I have transcribed for gen-
tlemen who wish to possess a copy. I am ready
to furnish any gentleman with a copy, neatly
written, book included, for 5s. It consists of
fifty-two pages large demy 4to, The original is
in the possession of a Mr. Brereton of Flitcham,
near Lynn, Norfolk, to whom I sold all the
MSS., Mr. Brereton being an intimate friend of
S. A. Mackey.

I have on sale a copy of Mr. Mackey 's Works,
selected by Mr. Shickle, another intimate friend ;
neatly done up in coloured cloth. Also a copy of
his Mythological Astronomy, with copious notes,
in one hundred pages. Also, an Appendix of
forty-eight pages. And another copy of the MS.
Astronomy, with notes ; but minus the Appendix.

I may as well inform you, that a friend of mine
has in his possession a half-length full-size por-
trait of Mr. Mackey ; admirably executed, and in
prime condition, in a handsome frame. I beljeve
it is for sale. I assure you, when I first saw it, I
felt at the moment a kind of impulse to shake
hands with my old friend and neighbour.

I shall feel great pleasure in answering any
inquiries, so far as my knowledge extends. His
Life is truly interesting ; being that of a man born
in sorrow, and cradled in adversity. Like him, I
am a self-taught humble individual, and in my
eighty-second year. J- Dawson.

15. Doughty's Hospital, Calvert Street, Norwich.

In July, 1830, Sampson Arnold Mackey deli-
vered a course of six " astro-historical lectures "
in a large room near the Philanthropic Institution.
The attendance was full, considering the subject,
and I was surprised at the admiration which many
well-educated persons expressed for his strange
theories, to which they seemed to give full assent.
To me his calculations and etymologies appeared
as good as those of Pluche, Sir W. Drummond,
Volney, and Dupuis, but no better. I met him at
the house of the late Dr. Wright, then resident phy-
sician to Bethlehem Hospital. He was quiet and
unassuming ; but so perfectly satisfied that he had
proved his system, that though ready to explain,
he declined to answer objections, or defend his
opinions. As a remarkable example of " the
pursuit of knowledge under difficulties," he ex-
cited sympathy, and I believe that he disposed of
all the copies of his various works then unsold.

1 H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

180

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

DO CONJUNCTIONS JOIN PROPOSITIONS ONLY ?

(Vol. viii., pp. 514. 629.)

As my name appears to have been referred to
by two of your correspondents, Mr. Ingeeby and
II. C. K., in connexion with, the above question,
I request to be permitted to state my real views
upon it, together with the grounds upon which
they rest. In doing this I can only directly refer
to the observations of H. C. K., not having seen
those of Mr. Ingleby to which he makes allusion.

Admitting that there are many conjunctions
which connect propositions only, I am unable to
coincide with the view of my friend Dr. Latham
and other grammarians, that the property is uni-
versal. And I agree with Mr. Ingleby, as quoted
by II. C. K., in thinking that the incorrectness of
that view may be proved. We possess the power
of conceiving of any distinct classes of things, as
"trees," "flowers," &c. And we possess the power
of connecting such conceptions in thought, so as
to form, for instance, the conception of that col-
lection of things which consists of " trees and
flowers " together. If Ave possess the power of
performing this mental operation, we have clearly
also the power of expressing it by a sign. This
sign is the conjunction "and." It is assumed,
what consciousness indeed makes evident, that
the power of forming conceptions is antecedent
to that of forming judgments expressed by pro-
positions.

But even if we proceed to form a judgment, as
"trees and flowers exist," it may still be shown
that the conjunction "and" connects the sub-
stantives "trees," "flowers," and not propositions.
For if we reduce the given proposition to the
form, " trees exist and flowers exist," the con-
junction becomes wholly superfluous. It adds
nothing whatever to the meaning of the separate
propositions, "trees exist," "flowers exist." Omit,
however, the conjunction between the substan-
tives in the original proposition, and the sense is
wholly lost. What meaning can we attach, ex-
cept by a convention, to the form of words "trees
flowers exist." Now there is, I conceive, no more
obvious principle in grammar than that the doc-
trine of the elements of speech should be founded
upon the examination of instances in which they
have a real meaning — in which their employment
is essential, not accidental.

It is doubtless one of the consequences of the
neglect of this principle, that the older gram-
marians have made it a part of the definition of
a conjunction, that it is a Avord " devoid of signi-
fication" (cpoDVT) &(tt)ixos). See references in Harris,
p. 240. Were the philosophy of grammar founded,
as alone it truly can be, upon the laAvs of thought,
I venture to think that such statements Avould no
longer be accepted.

If the views which I have expressed needed
confirmation, they would to my own mind derive
it from the circumstance, that on applying to the
original proposition that " mathematical analysis
of logic " to which II. C. K. refers (not, I think,
Avithout a shade of scorn), it is resolved into the
elementary propositions, " trees exist," " flowers
exist," unconnected by any sign.

Let us take, as a second example, the propo-
sition, " All trees are endogens or exogens." If
the subject, " all trees," is to be retained, there is,
I conceive, but one way in Avhich the above pro-
position can mentally be formed. We form the
conception of that collection of things which com-
prises endogens and exogens together, and we
refer, by an act of judgment, " all ti-ees " to that
collection. And thus the subject " all trees," re-
maining unchanged, the conjunction "or" connects
the terms of the predicate, as the conjunction
" and " in the previous example connected those
of the subject. I am prepared to show that this
is the only view of the proposition consistent Avith
its strictly logical use. If II. C. K. insist upon
the resolution " any tree is an endogen, or it is an
exogen," I Avould ask him to define the word "it."
He cannot interpret it as "any tree," for the reso-
lution would then be invalid. It must be applied
to a particular tree, and then the proposition re-
solved is really a " singular " one, and not the
proposition Avhose subject is " all trees."

Not only do conjunctions in certain cases couple
words, but in so doing they manifest the dominion
of mental laws and the operation of mental pro-
cesses, Avhich, though never yet recognised by
grammarians and logicians, form an indispensable
part of the only basis upon which logic as a science
can rest. And however strange the assertion may
appear, I do not hesitate to affirm that the science
thus established is a mathematict 1 one. I do not
by this mean that its subject is the same as that
of arithmetic or geometry- It is not the quan-
titative element to Avhich the term is intended to
refer. But I hold, with, I believe, an increasing
school of mathematicians, • that the processes of
mathematics, as such, do not depend upon the
nature of the subjects to which they are applied,
but upon the nature of the laws to AAdiich those
subjects, Avhen they pass under the dominion of
human thought, become obedient. Now the ulti-
mate laws of the processes which are subsidiary
to general reasoning, such as attention, concep-
tion, abstraction, as Avell as of those processes
Avhich are more immediately involved in inference,
are such as to admit, of perfect and connected de-
velopment in a mathematical form alone. We may
indeed, Avithout any systematic investigation of
those laAvs, collect together a system of rules and
canons, and investigate their common principle.
This the genius of Aristotle has done. But we
cannot thus establish general methods. Above all,

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

181

•we cannot thus establish such methods as may
really guide us where the unassisted intellect
would be lost amid the complexity or subtlety of
the combinations involved. How small, for in-
stance, is the aid which we derive from the ordi-
nary doctrines of the logicians in questions in
which we have to consider the operation of mixed
causes and in various departments of statistical
and social inquiry, in which the intellectual diffi-
culty is almost wholly a logical one.

For the ground upon which some of these state-
ments are made, I must refer to my recently-
published work on the Laws of Thought. I trust
to your courtesy to insert these remarks, and apo-
logise for the undesigned length to which they
have extended. G. Boole.

Queen's College, Cork.

ROBERT BEOET.

(Vol. ix., p. 105.)

Robert, Earl of Moreton, and Odo, Bishop of
Bayeux, the Conqueror's uterine brothers, both
accompanied William, acting conspicuous parts on
his invasion of England in 106G. The former died
about 1090. Odo had been elected Bishop as far
back as 1049. In 1088 he headed a conspiracy
against William 1 1.; but being defeated at Roches-
ter, retired to Normandy. The time of his death
is uncertain, but is supposed to have occurred in
1096.

The first notice of Robert Bloet's name, is as a
witness to one of the charters of William II. to
the monastery of Durham, granted in 1088 or
1089. He was appointed Chancellor in 1090, con-
secrated Bishop of Lincoln in 1093, and died in
1123.

These dates plainly prove that he was not
"identical" with Robert, Earl of Moreton ; and
scarcely could be called cotemporary with him.

His supposed relationship to Odo is affirmed by
Richardson, in his notes to Godwin de Prcesulibus,
from an expression in his grant of the manor of
Charleton to the priory of Bermondsey (Claud.
A. 8., f. 118., MSS. Hutton) ; in which he says,
" quod pro salute animae Dom. mei Willelmi Regis,
etfratris mei Bajocens. Episcopi." If Odo be the
Bishop here intended, the meaning of " fratris
mei" may be translated, not in the natural, but in
the episcopal sense, as brother of his order. But
the grant is probably a forgery, or its date of 1093
incorrect, for at that time Odo was in exile ; and
Bloet would have scarcely ventured to insult the
king, from whom he had just received rewards
and advancement, by coupling with his the name
of one who had been banished as a traitor.

For farther particulars, allow me to refer your
correspondent Mr. Sanson: to The Judges of
England, vol. i. p. 103. Edward Foss.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

A Hint to the Photographic Society. — It lias been
objected to this Society, that beyond the establishment
of its Journal, and the forming of an Exhibition, it has
done very little to promote the improvement of the
beautiful art it was specially intended to advance.
Such objections are very easily urged ; but those who
make them should at least propose a remedy. It is in
no unfriendly spirit that we allude to these complaints;
and we well know how difficult it is for a body like
the Photographic Society to take any important step
which shall not be liable to misconstruction. We
would however suggest, that among those endeavours
which it would become the Society to make, there is
one which might at once be taken, namely, to secure
for the photographic public a good paper. The want
of such an article is hourly felt. If the Photographic
Society, following the example of the Society of Arts,
should appoint a Committee to take this matter into
consideration, to define clearly and unmistakeably the
essentials of a good negative paper for calotypes (for
perhaps it would be well to keep to a good negative
paper), and offer a premium for its production, a very
short time would elapse before specimens of such an
article would be submitted for examination. It is
clear that the'premium need be one only of small pe-
cuniary %'alue ; for the fact of a maker having produced
such an article as should gain the prize, would secure
him an ample recompense in the enormous demand
which would instantly arise for a paper which should
be stamped with the public approval of a body en-
titled to speak with so much authority on such a sub-
ject as the Council of the Photographic Society.

Test for Nitrate of Silver. — The Reader of Pho-
tographic Works, who in Vol. ix., p. 111., asked for
information as to how he might know whether nitrate
of silver was pure, can detect any impurities with
which that salt is likely to be contaminated, by apply-
ing a few simple tests to an aqueous solution of it.
The impurities which nitrate of silver most frequently
contains are nitrate of copper, nitrate of potash, and
free nitric acid. It is also sometimes intentionally
adulterated with nitrate of lead. The presence of a
salt of copper is detected by the solution assuming a
blue colour when mixed with an excess of ammonia.
To detect nitrate of potash, hydrochloric acid should
be added to the solution in sufficient quantity to pre-
cipitate the whole of the silver. The liquid should
then be freed from the precipitate by filtration, and
evaporated ; if nitrate of potash is present, a fixed re-
sidue will remain after evaporation. The presence of
a salt of lead is detected by adding a few drops of sul-
phuric acid to the solution of nitrate of silver, which
precipitates the lead as sulphate if present. It is,
however, necessary to dilute the acid with a consider-
able quantity of water, and, if any precipitate forms, to
allow it to subside previous to using it as a test for
lead, as ordinary sulphuric acid is frequently conta-
minated with sulphate of lead, which is soluble in the
strong, but not in dilute, acid.

Any free nitric acid in the nitrate of silver can be
detected by the smell. The crystals can be freed from

182

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

it, should they contain any, by fusing them in a por-
celain crucible over a spirit-lamp. The ordinary fused
lunar caustic of the surgeon is unfit for general use as
a photographic agent. J. Leachman.

Professor Hunt's Photographic Studies. — My atten-
tion has just been directed to a " Practical Photo
graphic Query" in your Journal, Vol. ix., p. 41., which
appears to require a reply from me. It is quite evi-
dent that your correspondent, notwithstanding the
personal respect which he professes to entertain, cannot
have any intimate knowledge of either my works or
my studies. Allow me to make my position clear to
him and other of your readers. My first photographic
experiment dates from January 28, 1839, and since
that period the investigation of the chemical plienomena
of the solar rays has been the constant employment of
all the leisure which a busy life has afforded me. The
production of photographic pictures has never been the
ultimate object at which I have aimed, although my
researches have caused me to obtain thousands. My
object has been, and is, to endeavour to obtain some
light into the mysteries of the radiant force with which
the photographic artist works, being quite content to
leave the production of beautiful images to other ma-
nipulators.

As I write on the subject, it appears, of course, ne-
cessary that I should be familiar with all the details of
manipulation in each process which I may describe.
Whenever I have mentioned, in either of my works, a
process with which I have not been entirely familiar,
I have given the name of the authority upon whom I
have depended. But there will not be found in either
my Photography, or my Researches on Light (of which
a greatly enlarged edition will soon be submitted to
the public), any one process upon which 1 have not
made such experiments as appeared to me necessary
to my understanding the rationale of the chemical
changes involved, and of the physical phenomena
which arise.

Now, since it is not necessary to select a picturesque
object to instruct me in these points, the same build-
ings, trees, and plaster casts have been copied times
beyond number; and when the problem under exa-
mination has been solved, these pictures have been
destroyed.

There are twenty exhibitors of pictures in the Pho-
tographic Gallery who would certainly leave my pro-
ductions far behind, as it concerns their pictorial cha-
racter ; but I am confident there is not one who has
made the philosophy of Photography so entirely his
study as I have done.

I have been engaged for the last two years in study-
ing the chemical action of the prismatic spectrum. I
inclose you my report on this subject to the British
Association for 1852 (that for 1853 is now in the
hands of the printer), from which you will perceive
that I am employing myself to greater advantage to
photography, as a science under art, than I should be
did I enter the lists with those who catch the beauties
of external nature on their sensitive tablets, and secure
for themselves and others pictures drawn by the solar
pencil, in which no one can more deeply delight than
your humble servant. Robert Hunt.

Waxed-paper Pictures. — Will your correspondents
or yourself do me the favour to say, how such beau-
tiful pictures have been produced and exhibited by
Mr. Fenton and others by the waxed-paper medium,
if that process be so bad and defective ? When I have
followed it, and exercised consistent patience, I have
ever produced pleasing and faithful results. That
when parties do not themselves prepare, it becomes
expensive, I am willing to admit; but I am inclined to
attribute many failures to the uncertain heat of hot
irons, which must vary; and I make this fact known to
you as the result of my own observation on many
sheets : added to which, defective manipulation, or
impure chemicals, must not be allowed to do away
with its having much merit. Harley Lane.

The Double Iodide Solution. — In a note appended
to Dr. Mansell's communication on the calotype
(Vol. ix., p. 134.), you state that having lately pre-
pared the double iodide solution according to the for-
mula given by Dr. Diamond, in which it required
650 grains of iodide of potassium to dissolve a 60-grain
precipitate, you were inclined to believe, until you
made the experiment yourself, that Dr. Mansell must
have made a wrong calculation as to the quantity of
iodide of potassium (680 grains) which lie stated was
sufficient to dissolve a 100-grain precipitate, as the
difference appeared so small for a solution more than
one-third stronger.

The small difference referred to with respect to the
quantity of iodide of potassium required, is owing to
the amount of water used being in both cases the same.
A slight difference in the strength of a solution of
iodide of potassium makes a great difference with
respect to the quantity of iodide of silver it is capable
of dissolving. Thus, if you remove a small proportion
of the water from a solution of the double iodide of
silver by evaporation, the slight increase of strength
which the solution will thereby acquire, will enable it
to take up a much larger proportion of iodide of silver
than it already contains ; and if, on the other hand,
you dilute it with a small proportion of water, its di-
minished strength (unless the solution contains a great
excess of iodide of potassium) will cause the precipi-
tation of a large proportion of the iodide of silver.
And hence the great variation in the amount of iodide
of potassium which is found requisite to form a solution
of the double iodide of silver, under the same apparent
conditions with regard to the proportions of the other
ingredients employed, may be accounted for by the
impossibility of measuring off with sufficient accuracy
the proper proportion of water.

Whenever exact quantities of liquids are required,
recourse should always be had to the balance, for no
great accuracy can be depended upon by measurement
with our ordinary glass measures, even supposing them
to be correctly graduated, which is not always the
case. J. Leachman.

Dr. ManseWs Process. — Dr. Mansell's lucid and
very practical paper on the calotype process in " N. &
Q.," must, I am sure, be of the greatest service to pho-
tographers in general ; and as one of the many I am
irresistibly tempted to offer my sincere and hearty

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

183

thanks to him for the truly valuable hints it contains.
If Dr. Mansell will give the rationale of the necessity
of not allowing a longer time than absolutely required
for the soaking out the now injurious iodide of potas-
sium, set free by the deposit of the iodide of silver ;
and also, an explanation of the cause of that part of the
iodized papers which takes the longest time in drying
being weaker than that part which had been more
hastily dried, the learned Doctor will still be adding to
our present amount of obligation to him.

Henry Hele.

MejiltaS tn JHtuar d&uztiti.

Buonaparte's Abdication (Vol. ix., p. 54.). — In
an article on this subject, after referring to Wil-
kinson's shop on Ludgate Hill, your correspon-
dent states that " Wilkinson's shop does not now
exist." In justice to ourselves, we trust you will
insert this letter, as such a remark may be pre-
judicial to us. Having sold our premises on Lud-
gate Hill to the Milton Club, we have removed
our establishment to No. 8. Old Bond Street,
Piccadilly.

As regards the table spoken of, your informant
must be labouring under some strange error. We
do not remember ever having, or pretending to
have, the original table on which the Emperor
Napoleon signed his abdication. Many years ago,
a customer of ours lent us a table with some such
plate as you describe, which he had had made
abroad from the original, for us to copy from ;
and after this we made and sold several, but only
as copies. We cannot charge our memory with
the correctness of the inscription you publish ; and,
moreover, we believe the words " a fac-simile," or
something to that effect, were engraved as a head-
ing to those made by us.

Chas. Wilkinson & Sons.

8. Old Bond Street.

[We willingly give insertion to this disclaimer from
so respectable a firm as Messrs. Wilkinson & Sons ;
from which it appears that our correspondent A Can-
tab has not made " when found, a correct note" of the
fac-simile. Another correspondent has favoured us
with the following additional notices of the original
table : " On Dec. 8, 1838, I saw the table on which
Napoleon signed his abdication at the Chateau of
Fontainebleau, on which there are two scratches or
incisures said to have been made by him with a pen-
knife. These injuries upon the surface of the table
were so remarkable as to attract my attention, and I
inquired about them of the attendant. He said Napo-
leon, when excited or irritated, was in the habit of
handling and using anything which lay beside him,
perhaps to allay mental agitation ; and that he was
considered to have so used a penknife, and disfigured
the table."]

Burton Family (Vol. ix., p. 19.). — I know not
whether E. H. A. is interested about the Burtons

of Shropshire. If he is, he will find an interesting
account of them in A Commentary on Antoninus
his Itinerary, Sfc. of the Roman Empire, so Jar as
it concerneth Britain, &c. : London, 1658, p. 136.

Glericus (D.).

Drainage by Machinery (Vol. viii., p. 493.). —
E. G. R. will perhaps find what he wants on this
subject in Walker's

■ Essay on Draining Land by the Steam Engine ;
showing the number of Acres that may be drained by
each of Six different-sized Engines, with Prime Cost and
Annual Outgoings: London, 1813, 8vo., price 1*. 6d."

He will find a complete history of the drainage of
the English fens in Sir William Dugdale's

" History of Embanking and Draining of divers Fens
and Marshes, both in Foreign Parts and in this King-
dom, and of the Improvement thereby : adorned with,
sundry Maps, &c. London, 1 662, fol. A New Edi-
tion, with three Indices to the principal Matters,
Names, and Places, by Charles Nelson Cole, Esq..:
London, 1772, fol."

Mr. Samuel Wells published, in 1830, in 2 vols.
8vo., a complete history of the Bedford Level, ac-
companied by a map ; and I may add that the late
Mr. Grainger, C.E., read a series of papers on the
draining of the Haarlem Lake to the Society of
Arts in Edinburgh, which, I believe, were never
published, but which may, perhaps, be accessible
to E. G. R. Henry Stephens.

Naitochiis and Calchanti (Vol. ix., pp. 36. 84.).
— The former of these words being sometimes
spelt natthocouks in the same deed, shows the ig-
norance or carelessness of the scribe, the reading
being clearly corrupt ; I would suggest cottagiis,
cottages, and by " ganis '' I should understand not
granis, as F.S.A. supposes, but ga?-dinis, gardens.
The line will then run thus :

" Cum omnibus gardinis et cottagiis adjacentibus."

It will be seen that this differs from the solution
proposed by Mr. Thrupp (p. 84.).

With respect to the latter word, calchanti, I re-
gret that I cannot offer a satisfactory solution.
Possibly the word intended may have been cal-
canthi, copperas, vitriol, or the water of copper or
brass ; but I find in the Index Alter of Ainsworth,
the word —

" Calecantum. A kind of earth like salt, of a bind-
ing nature. Puto pro Chalcanthum, Vitriol, L. "

Will this tally with the circumstances of the case ?
I presume that the words liquor, mineral, &c, fol-
lowing calchanti in the grant, are contractions for
the genitive plural of those words ; the subject of
the grant being the tithes of all those substances.

H. P.
Lincoln's Inn.

184

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

" One while I think,"' Sfc. (Vol. ix., p. 76.)- —
Thes« lines will be found in The Synagogue, p. 41.,
by Christopher Hervie. M. Zachaby.

" Spires ' whose silent finger points to heaven" "
(Vol. ix., pp. 9. 85.). — F. R. M., M.A., seems not
to have observed that Wordsworth marks this line
as a quotation ; and in the note upon it (Ex-
cursion, 373.) gives the poetical passage in The
Friend, whence he took it, thus acknowledging
Coleridge to be the author. The passage is not
to be found in the modern edition of The Friend,
by the reference in Wordsworth's note to " The
Friend, No. 14. p. 223." I presume that The
Friend was originally published in numbers, and
that it is to that publication Wordsworth refers.
This is not simply the case, as P. R. M., M.A.,
suggests, of two authors using the same idea, but
of one also honestly acknowledging his debt to
the other. The idea is of much older date than
the prose of Coleridge, or the verse of Words-
worth. Milton, in his Epitaph on Shakspeare,
has :

¥ Under a star y-pointing pyramid."

Prior has the following line :

" These pointed spires that wound the ambient sky."
Prior's Poems : Power, vol. iii. p. 94.,
Edin. 1779.

In Shakspeare we find :

" Yon towers, whose wanton tops do buss the clouds."
Troilus and Cressida, Act IV. Sc. 5.

The idea is traceable in Virgil's description of
• Fame" or " Rumour" in the 4th JEneid :

" . . . caput inter nubila condit."

J. W. Farbeb.

Dr. Eleazar Duncon (Vol. ix., p. 56.). — D. D.
will find some mention of Dr. Duncon in a cor-
respondence between Sir Edward Hyde and Bishop
Cosin, printed among the Clarendon State Papers
(ed. Oxford, vol. iii., append, pp. ci. cii. ciii.), from
which it appears that, in 1655, Dr. Duncon was at
Saumur ; where also Dr. Monk Duncan, a Scotch
physician, was a professor (Conf. note a, p. 375. of
Cosin's Works, vol. iv., as published in the Anglo-
Catholic Library). I regret that I cannot furnish
D. D. with the when and where of Dr. Duncon's
death. J. Sansom.

" Marriage is such a rabble rout " (Vol. iii.,
p. 263.).—

" Marriage is such a rabble rout,
That those that are out would fain get in,
And those that are in would fain get out."

I do not think it is against the rules of " N. & Q."
for any Querist to put a rider on any of his own
Queries. In a volume entitled The Poetical
Rhapsody, by Francis Davidson, edited, with me-

moirs and notes, by Nicholas H. Nicolas, London,
Pickering, 1826, under the head of "A Contention
betwixt a Wife, a Widow, and a Maid," p. 21.,
occur the following lines :

" Widow. Marriage is a continual feast.

Maid. Wedlock, indeed, hath oft compared been
To public feasts, where meet a public rout,
Where they that are without would fain go in,
And they that are within would fain go out," &c.

This piece is signed " Sir John Davis."

S. Wmson.

Cambridge Mathematical Questions (Vol. ix.,
p. 35.). — Iota is informed that the questions set
at the examination for honours, are annually pub-
lished in the Cambridge University Calendar. He
should consult the back volumes of that work,
which he will probably find in any large pro-
vincial library.

These questions, with solutions at length, are
also annually published by the Moderators and
Examiners in one quarto volume. All the Senate
House examination papers are annually published
by the editor of the Cambridge Chronicle, in a
supplement to one of the January numbers of
that periodical. C. Mansfield Ingleby.

P. S. — As I write from memory, I may have
been guilty of some slight inaccuracy in details.

I think the Cambridge University Calendar will
contain all the mathematical questions proposed
in the Senate House for the period mentioned.
Those from 1801 to 1820 inclusively were also
published by Black and Armstrong (Lond. 1836),
to accompany the revised edition of Wright's solu-
tions. The problems from 1820 to 1829 inclusive
are reprinted in vol. v. of Leybourne's Mathema-
tical Repository, new series, and in vol. vi. those
for 1830 and 1831 are given. In 1849 the Rev.
A. II. Frost arranged and published the questions
proposed in 1838 to 1849. Perhaps this may be
found satisfactory. T. T. Wilkinson.

Reversible Masculine Names (Vol. viii., pp. 244.
655.). — If you allow Bob, you cannot object to
Lot, the short for Laurence. Lord Glenelg and
the Hebrew abba will not perhaps be held cases
in point, but Nun, Asa, and Gog, and probably
many other Scripture names, may be instanced ;
and Odo and Otto from profane history, as well as
the Peruvian Capac. P- P«

The Man in the Moon (Vol. vi., pp. 61. 182.
232. 424.).—

" As for the forme of those spots, some of the vulgar
thinke they represent a man, and the poets guesse 'tis
the hot/ Endymion, whose company shee loves so well,
that shee carries him with her ; others will have it
onely to be the face of a man as the moone is usually
pictured ; but Albertus thinkes rather that it represents

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

185

a lyon, with his taile towards the east and his head to
the west; and some others (Eusehius, Nieremb. Hist.
Nat, lib. vm. c. xv.) have thought it to be very much
like a fox, and certainly 'tis as much like a lyon as that in
the zodiake, or as Ursa Major is like a beare. ... It
may be probable enough that those spots and brighter
parts may show the distinction betwixt the sea and
land in that other world." — Bishop Wilkin's Discovery
of a New World, 3rd edit., Lond. 1640, p. 100.

" Does the Man in the Moon look big,
And wear a huger periwig ;
Show in his gait, or face, more tricks
Than our own native lunatics?"

Hudibras, pt. n. c. iii. 767.

To judge from liis physiognomy, one would say
the Man in the Moon was a Chinese, or native of
the Celestial Empire. Eirionnach.

Arms of Richard, King of the Romans (Vol. viii.,
p. 653.). — With respectful submission to Mr.
Norris Deck, and notwithstanding his ingenious
conjecture that the charges on the border are pois,
and the seal which he mentions in his last commu-
nication, I think the evidence that the border be-
longs to Cornwall, and not to Poictou, is perfectly
conclusive.

1. The fifteen bezants in a sable field have been
time out of mind regarded as the arms of Corn-
wall, and traditionally (but of course without au-
thority) ascribed to Cadoc, or Caradoc, a Cornish
prince of the fifth century. They occur in juxta-
position with the garbes of Chester, upon some of
the great seals of England, and I think also upon
the tomb of Queen Elizabeth ; and they are, to
the present day, printed or engraved on the
mining leases of the duchy.

2. Bezants on sable are extremely frequent in
the arms of Cornish families ; but crowned lions
rampant gules do not occur in a single instance of
which I am aware, except in the arms of families
named Cornwall, who are known or presumed to
be descended from this Richard, and bear his
arms with sundry differences. Bezants on sable
are borne (e.g.) by Bond, Carlyon, Chamber-
layne, Cole, Cornwall (by some without the lion),
Killegrew, Saint-Aubyn, Treby, Tregyan (with a
crowned eagle sable, holding a sword), Treiago,
and Walesborough, all of Cornwall ; and it is to
be remarked that bezants are not a common bear-
ing in other parts of England, especially not on
sable.

3. When Roger Valtorte married Joan, daugh-
ter of Reginald de Dunstanville (who was natural
son of Henry I., and Earl of Cornwall nearly a
century before Richard, King of the Romans, but
never Earl of Poictou), he added to his paternal
arms a border sable bezantee.

This is but a small portion of the evidence
which might be adduced ; but it is, I think, quite
enough to justify the statements of Sylvanus

Morgan, Sandford, Mr. Lower, and others, that
the bezants pertain not to Poictou, but to Corn-
wall. H. G.

Brothers with the same Christian Name (Vol.
viii., pp. 338. 478.). — If your various correspon-
dents, who adduce instances of two brothers in
families having the same Christian names (both
brothers being alive), will consult Lodge's Peerage
for 1853, they will find the names of the sons of
the Marquis of Ormonde thus stated :

" James Edward WE Theobald, Earl of Ossory,
born Oct. 5, 1844.

" Lord James Hubert Henry Thomas, born Aug. 20,
1847.

" Lord James Arthur Wellington Foley, born Sept. 23,
1849.

" Lord James Theobald Bagot John, born Aug. 6,
1852."

The Christian name of the late Marquis was
James ; and whichever of his grandsons shall suc-
ceed the present possessor of the title, will bear
the same Christian name as the late peer.

JUVERNA.

Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter (Vol. ix.,
p. 105.). — Haccombe is doubtless the parish in
the diocese of Exeter, where Mr. W. Eraser will
find the arch-priest about whom he is inquiring.
Haccombe is a small parish, having two houses in
it, the manor-house of the Carew family and the
parsonage. It is said that, by a grant from the
crown, in consequence of services done by an an-
cestor of the Carews, this parish received certain
privileges and exemptions, one of which was that
the priest of Haccombe should be exempt from
all ordinary spiritual jurisdiction. Hence the
title of arch-priest, and that of chorepiscopus,
which the priests of Haccombe have claimed, and
perhaps sometimes received. The incumbent of
Bibury, in Gloucestershire, used to claim similar
titles, and like exemption from spiritual juris-
diction. J. Sassom.

Since sending my Query on this subject, I have
obtained the following information. The Rectory
of Haccombe, which is a peculiar one, in the
diocese of Exeter, gives to its incumbent for the
time being the dignity of arch-priest of the
diocese. The arch-priest wears lawn sleeves, and
on all occasions takes precedence after the bishop.
The late rector, the Rev. T. C. Carew, I am told,
constantly officiated in lawn sleeves attached to
an A.M. gown, and took the precedence due to
his spiritual rank as arch-priest of the diocese.
The present arch-priest and Rector of Haccombe
is the Rev. Fitzwilliam J. Taylor. Does such an
office, or rather dignity, exist in any other case in
the Anglican Church ? Wm. Fraser, B.C.L.

Tor-Mohun.

186

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

" Horam coram dago" (Vol. ix., p. 58.). — Your
correspondent 2. is probably thinking of Burns'
lines " Written in a wrapper, inclosing a letter to
Captain Grose," &c. :

" Ken ye auglit o' Captain Grose?
Igo et ago,
If he's among his friends or foes,
Iram, coram, dago."

It is not very likely, however, that this should
be the first appearance of this " burden," any more
than of " Fal de ral," which Burns gives to other
pieces both before and after this. It may have a
meaning (as I believe one has been found for
■ Lilliburlero," &c), but I should think it more
likely to be sheer gibberish.

By the way, how comes burden to be used in
the sense of "chorus or refrain?" I believe we
have the authority of Shakspeare for so doing.

" Foot it featly here and there
And let the rest the burden bear?"

Is it the bourdon, or big 'drone ? Certainly the
chorus could not " bear a burden," in the sense of
hard work, even before the time of Hullah.

J. P. Orde.

In Chambers' Scottish Songs, Edinburgh, 1829,
p. 273. is a piece beginning —

" And was you e'er in Crail toun ?
, Igo and ago :
And saw ye there clerk Fishington ?
Sing irom, igon, ago."

And in Blackwood for Jan. 1831 ("Noctes Ambro-
sianse, No. 53.") is " A Christmas Carol in honour
of Maga, sung by the Contributors," which begins
thus —

" When Kit North is dead,
What will Maga do, Sir ?
She must go to bed,

And like him die too, Sir !
Fal de ral de ral,

Iram coram dago ;
Fal de ral de ral,

Here's success to Maga !"

I suspect that the "chorus or refrain" of the
first of these ditties suggested that of the second ;
and that this is the song which was running in
your contributor's head. J. C. R.

[We are also indebted to S. Wmson, F. Crossley,
E. H., R. S. S., and J. Ss. for similar replies. See Burns'
Works, edit. 1800, vol. iv. p. 399., and edit. Glasgow,
1843, vol. i. p. 113.]

Children by one Mother (Vol. v., p. 126.). — In
reply to the Query, " If there be any well-authen-
ticated instance of a woman having had more than
twenty-five children," I can furnish you with what
I firmly believe to be such an instance. The nar-
rator was a relative of my late wife, a man of the
very highest character in the City of London for

many years, and formerly clerk to the London
Bridge (Old) Water Works, a mark by which he
may possibly be recognised by some of your
readers. I have heard him relate, that once, as
he was travelling into Essex, he met with a very
respectable woman, apparently a farmer's wife,
who during the journey several times expressed
an anxious desire to reach home, which induced
my informant at length to inquire the cause of so
great an anxiety. Her reply was, " Indeed, Sir,
if you knew, you would not wonder at it." When,
upon his jocularly saying, " Surely she could have
no cause for so much desire to reach home," she
said farther, that " The number of her children
was the cause, for that she had thirty children, it
having pleased God to give to her and her hus-
band fifteen boys ; and because they were much
dissatisfied at having no girl, in order to punish
their murmuring and discontent, He was pleased
farther to send them fifteen girls." I. R. R.

Parochial Libraries (Vol. viii. passim). — In
the small village of Halton, Cheshire, there is a
small public library, of no inconsiderable extent
and importance, founded in 1733 by Sir John
Chesshyre, Knight, of Hallwood in that county.
Of the works comprised in the collection, the fol-
lowing may be selected as best worthy of mention :
Dugdale's Monasticon, Rymer's Fcedera, Walton's
Polyglot, and a host of standard ecclesiastical
authors, interspersed with modern additions of
more general interest. The curate for the time
being officiates as librarian ; the books being pre-
served in a small stone building set apart for the
purpose, in the vicinity of his residence. Over
the door is the following inscription :

" Hanc Bibliothecam,

pro communi literatorum usu,

sub cura curati capellae de Halton

proventibus ter feliciter augmentata?,

Johannes Chesshyre miles

serviens D'ni Regis ad legem,

D. D. D.

Anno MDCCXXXIII."

Sir John, the founder, was buried at Runcorn,
where a monument exists to his memory, bearing
the following epitaph at its foot :

" A wit's a feather, and a chiefs a rod,
An honest man's the noblest work of God."

The parishes of Stoke Damarel, Devon, and of
St. James the Great, Devonport, have each their
parochial library : the former commenced in
1848, by the Rev. W. B. Flower, late curate of
the parish; and the latter by the Rev. W. B.
Killpack, the first incumbent of the district.

T. Hughes..

Chester.

Feb. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

187

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Schiller's Poems, translated by Merivale.
S. N. Coleridge's Biographia Literaria.
— — Essays on his own Times.

Poems. 1 Vol.

Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit.

The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo.

*„» Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mn. Bell, Publisher of «' NOTKS AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Scrapbook of Literary Varieties, and Mirror of Instruc-
tion, &c. Prose, Verse, and Engravings. Lacy, 76. St. Paul's
Churchyard. 8vo. 424 pp.

Wanted by Rev. G. T. Driffield, Bow, Middlesex.

Cambridge Installation Ode, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth.

4to. Edition.
Kitchener's Economy of the Eyes. Fart II.
Brown's Anecdotes of Dogs.
— — of Animals.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Masterman Ready. Vol. I. First Edition.
Swift's Works. Vol. XIII. London, 1747.

Wanted by IV. H. Bliss, Hursley, Winchester.

Wilkinson's Ancient Egypt. Vols. IV. and V.

Baxter's Flowering Plants. Plain or coloured.

Evelyn's Diary. 5 Vols. 8vo.

Pepys's Diary. 5 Vols. 8vo.

Transactions of Geographical Society-. Parts or Volumes.

Life of Bishop Ken, by Anderdon.

Percival's Roman Schism.

Wanted by Sirmns 8; Son, Booksellers, Bath.

One or two Plans of the Harbour of Cronstadt, showing the
Mole, Man-of-war's Mole, Fortress, Fortress of Cronslott
opposite, as well as all the Fortresses that are erected in the
Shallows defending the Approach, &c.

Wanted by //. E. Baseley, 9. Old Broad Street.

Bible Prints, either Line Engraving, Mezzotint, or Wood, and
either with or without Letter-press, for the purpose of binding
with a 4to. Edition of " Matthew Henry's Commentary on the
Bible."

Wanted by John Garland, Solicitor, Dorchester.

We are this week compelled to omit our usual Notes on
Books, &c.

Dr. Rimbault on Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, and Mr.
Lammin's Paper on Grammont, in our next Number.

James Samuels will find full particulars of the legend of The
Wandering Jew in Die Sage vom Ewigen Juden, by Gr'dsse,
Dresden, 1844.

Thomas Q. Couch is thanked for his Cornish legends. He
will, however, find that of the Mole in our Second Vol., p. 225. ;
and that of the Owl, in the Variorum Shakspeare and other works.

Cabal.— Our Correspondent on the origin of this word is re-
ferred lo " N. & Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 443. 507. ; Vol. v., pp. 139. 520.,
where he will find enough to satisfy him that it was not formed
from the initials of the five chief miniiters of Charles II.

W. The date of the consecration of the old St. Pancras Church
has hitherto baffled research. The question was asked in our
Second Volume, p. 496. We doubt whether any drawing of the
original structure is extant.

The numerous articles on Photography already in type
compel us to postpone until next week several other valuable
papers.

Errata. — Vol.ix., p. 59., 8th line in translation from Sheridan,
for " victa marte " read " victa mente ; " p. 138., 1st line, for
" Erie " read " Erse."

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS. —
T. & W. BOONE having recently com-
pleted the Enlargement of their Premises,
respectfully invite the attention of Book-
buyers to an Inspection of their verv Exten-
sive Stock of SKCOND-HAND BOOKS, both
English and Foreign, which will be found to
comprise several rare and early Editions of
Versions of the Scriptures and Theology gene-
rally ; English, Irish, and Scottish History,
including some of the Rarest Works, Black-
letter Chronicles, &c, and a Series of H earne's
Antiquarian Works ; Topography, Heraldry,
and Genealogy ; Rare Voyages and Travels,
many relating to America ; English, French,
and Spanish Romances ; early English and
Italian Poetry, the Drama, &c. ; Fine Books of
Prints. Galleries, and Illustrated Books ; Books
relating to the Fine Arts, Numismatics, In-
scriptions, &c. ; Works on Natural History,
Field Snorts, &c. ; Privately printed Books,
and Bo< ks printed upon Vellum with early
Woodcuts ; A Beautiful Collection of Illumi-
nated Missals, Horse, and other Manuscripts.
The whole in fine Condition, many on Large
Paper, and in the original morocco bindings
(some being Royal and Presentation Copies),
for Sale at Prices to compete with any Cata-
logue published.

29. NEW BOND STREET, LONDON.

Valuable Illustrated Books at Reduced Prices.

ROBERTS' HOLY LAND.
I 250 Plates. 16?. 16s. Published at 41
guineas.

DIGBY WYATT'S INDUS-
TRIAL ARTS OF THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY. 160 Plates. 2 vols, folio, half-
bound morocco, lnz. 10s. Publishedat ifl. 17s.

DIGBY WYATTS METAL

WORK, and its ARTISTIC DESIGN. 5Q
Plates. Folio, half-bound morocco. 31. 3s.
Published at el. 6s.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised
and corrected. Dedicated by Special Per-
mission to

THE (LATE1 ARCHBISHOP OF
CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR
THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH.
The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H.
MFLMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The
Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable
also to Two or One, including Chants for the
Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise System of Chanting, by J. B.
SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to
Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth,
price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21.
Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on
the receipt of a Post-office Order for that
amount : and , by order, of the principal Book-
sellers and Music Warehouses.

" A great advance on the works we have
hitherto had, connected with our Church and
Cathedral Service."— Times.

" A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly un-
equalled in this country."— Literary Gazette.

" One of the best collections of tunes which
we have yet seen. Well merits the distin-
guished patronage under which it appears." —
Musical World.

" A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
with a system of Chanting of a very superior
character to any which has hitherto appeared."
— John Bull.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
Also, lately published,

J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS,

COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as per-
formed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.

C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.

COMPLETION OF THE CATHOLIC
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

By WM. BERNARD MAC CABE, ESQ.

In the Press.
THE THIRD AND LAST VOLUME OF

A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF
ENGLAND. Price 18s.

Orders to complete Sets can be addressed to the
Publisher, T. C. NEWBY, 30. Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, London.

N.B Only a limited number of Copies of

this Edition will be published. It will be
therefore necessary for intending purchasers
to give their orders as early as possible.

" Carefully compiled from our earliest re-
cords, and purporting to be a literal translation
of the writings of the old Chroniclers, miracles,
visions, &c, from the time of Gildas; richly
illustrated with notes, which throw a clear,
and in many instances a new light on what
would otherwise be difficult and obscure pas-
sages."— Thomas Miller, History of the Anglo-
Saxons, p. 88.

Works by the same Author.

BERTHA ; or, The POPE and

the EMPEROR.

THE LAST DAYS OF

O'CONNELL.

A TRUE HISTORY OF THE

HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION.

THE LIFE OF ST. ETHEL-

BERT, KING of the EAST ANGLES.

A GRANDFATHER'S

STORY-BOOK ; or, TALES and LEGENDS,
by a POOR SCHOLAR.

188

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 226.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
Consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCIT-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, ana the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY. 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, IS, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's PocketChronometer.Gold,
60 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 22., 32., and 42. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, ->oudoir,or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse!,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Haves. W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanzo,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
Parry, H.Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. II. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. II. Wright," Sec.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors mid Gentlemen enzaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, Historv,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
J. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.
H. E. Bickncll.Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq '
M.P.

J. Hunt, Esq.
I J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

IE. Lucas, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.

G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq,

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. ;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rales of Premium for Assuring
1002., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age

£ s. d.

Age

£ s. d.

17-

- 1 14 4

32-

- 2 10 8

22 -

•

- I 18 8

37-

•

- 2 18 6

27-

-

• 2 4 &

42-

-

- 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6rL, Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TRE \TISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the (Jeneral Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
sic. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

POLTCY HOLDERS in other
COMPANIES, and intending Assurers
fenerally, are invited to examine thi- Rates.
rinciples, and Progress of the SCOTTISH
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only
Society in which the Advantages of Mutual
Assurance can be secured by moderate Pre-
miums. Established 1837. Number of Poli-
cies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and
a Half Millions.

Full Reports and every Information had
(Free) on Application.

*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp
Duty ; and attention is invited to the circum-
stance that Premiums payable for Life Assur-
ance are now allowed as a Deduction from
Income in the Returns for Income Tax.

GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec.
London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

1 DION— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Nesative. to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tin' for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.
Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-

Juirements for the practice of Photography,
nstruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-
SITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post. Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. ft,

A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Tatent
Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, hignly finished
(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Painti-gs, Watcr-Colour. and
Chalk Drawings, Photoeraphcd and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
— THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is
now open at the Gallery of the Society of
British Artists, Suffolk Street. Pall Mall, in the
Morning from 10 a.m. to half-past 4 p.m., ad-
mission Is. ; and in the Evening from 7 t0>
10 p.m., admission 3d. Catalogue 6c2.

pOLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND *
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; rer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer. Albumenised paper, for printing
from glass or paper negatives, giving a minute-
ness of detail unattained by any other method,
5s. per Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND Si LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from,
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for deliccy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, Sic. Sec. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL ic SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

Printed by Thomas Clark 8haw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Georok Bell, of No. 186. Fleet street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.— Saturday, February 25. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
roB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttlk.

No. 227.]

Saturday, March 4. 1854.

{Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, £tf.

CONTENTS.

Notes : —

Page

Burton's " Anatomy of Melancholy," by

Dr. E. F. Rimbault - - - 191

" Auuv," its Derivation - - - 192
William Lyons, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne,

and Ross - - - - - 192

Curious Marriage Agreement - - 193
Ancient American Languages, by K.

R. H. Mackenzie - - - 194

Conduitt and Newton, by Bolton Corney 195

Minor Notes : — The Music in Middle-
ton's Tragi-Comedy of the " Witch "

— Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald
Alison in error — " Paid down upon
the nail " — Corpulence a Crime —
Curious Tender — The Year 1851

A Significant Hint - - - 198

Queries : —

Literary Queries, by the Rev. R. Bing-
ham - - - - - 197

Minor Queries : — Hunter of Pol-
mood in Tweed-dale — Dinteville Fa-
mily—Eastern Practice of Medicine

— Sunday — Three Picture Queries —
*' Cutting off with a Shilling "— Inman
or Ingman Family — Constable of
Masham — Fading Ink — Sir Ralph
Killigrew - - - - - 198

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Pepys — " Retainers to Seven Shares
and a Half " — Madden's "Reflections
and Resolutions proper for the Gentle-
men of Ireland — King Edward I.'»
Arm Elstob, Elizabeth Monu-
mental Brasses in London - - 199

Replies : —

Rapping no Novelty ; and Table-
turning, by Wm. Winthrop, &c. - 200
General Whiteloekc, by J. S. Harry.&c. 201
"Man proposes, but God disposes," by

J. W. Thomas, &c. - - - 202

Napoleon's Spelling, by H. H. Breen - 203
Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lam-

min - - - - - 204

The Myrtle Bee, by Charles Brown - 205

Celtic Etymology - - - - 205

Photographic Correspondence : — Im-
provements in the Albumenized Pro-
cess— Mr. Crookes on restoring old
Collodion— Photographic Queries - 206

Replies to Minor Queries : — London
Fortifications— Burke's Domestic Cor-
respondence — Battle of Villers-en-
Couche — "I could not love thee,
dear, so much " — Sir Charles Cot-
terell — Muffins and Crumpets —
" Clunk " — Picts' Houses — Tailless
Cats — " Cock-and-bull story " — Mar-
ket Crosses — " Largesse — Awk-
ward, A wart, Await — Morgan Odo-
herty — Black Rat — Blue Bells of
Scotland— Grammars, &c. for Public
Schools — Warville - - - 207

Notes on Books, &c.

Books and Odd Volumes wanted

Notices to Correspondents

Vol. IX.— No. 227.

Bohn's Standard Library for March.

riOWPER'S COMPLETE

\J WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY ; com-
prising his Poems, Correspondence, and Trans-
lations ; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty
fine Engravings on Steel, after designs by
Harvey. To be completed in 8 vols. Vol. III.,
continuation of Memoir and Correspondence.
Post 8vo., cloth, 3*. 6rf.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's British Classics for March.

ADDISON'S WORKS, with the
Notes of BISHOP HURD. In Four
Volumes. With Portrait and Engravings on
Steel. Vol.11. Post 8vo., cloth. 3s. 6rf.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, fc 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Library for March.

ATHENiEUS. The Deipnoso-
phists, or the Banquet of the Learned,
translated by C. D. YONGE, B.A., with an
Appendix of Poetical Fragments rendered into
English Verse by various Authors, and Gene-
ral Index. Complete in 3 vols. Vols. II.
and III. Post 8vo. Cloth, 5*. each.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Illustrated Lid

for March.

MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS,
or History of the Feathered Tribes of
the British Islands. Fifth edition, revised by
W. C. L. MARTIN, ESQ. Complete in 2 vols.
post8vo. Illustrated with 28 Plates, contain-
ing 52 Figures of Birds, and 7 additional Plates
of Eggs. Cloth, 5«. per volume ; or, WITH
THE PLATES COLOURED, la. (kl. per vol.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

BonN's Antiquarian Library for March.

TNGULPHS CHRONICLE OF

X THE ABBEY OF CROYLAND, with
the Continuations by Peter of Blois and other
Writers. Translated, with Notes and an
Index, by H. T. RILEY, B.A. Complete in
1 vol. post 8vo. Cloth 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

T

O BOOK-BUYERS.— Just

u pubUshed, gratis, Part XTIL. CATA-
LOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS in the
various Classes of English Literature (includ-
ing Numerous Illustrated Works) in excellent
Condition and at very Low Prices. ,

W. J. CRAWFORD (Successor to the late
J. DOWDING),82. Newgate Street, London.

*** If required by Post, a Stamp to be for-
warded.

VALUABLE BOOKS,

FOR SALE BY

THOMAS KERSLAKE,

BOOKSELLER, BRISTOL.

ART UNION JOURNAL,

complete from the Beginning 1839 to Dec. 1853.
Very fine Plates. 4to. 14/. Us.

CHALMERS'S BRITISH

POETS. Royal 8vo., 21 vols., bds., uncut.
81. 8a.

CHALMERS'S BIOGRAPHI-
CAL' DICTIONARY. 8vo., 32 vols., bound
in 16, half veil., 11. 16s.

A CIRCULATING Li-
brary, including Works of MARRY ATT,
DTSRAELI, BLESSINfiTON, HOOKE.&c,
&c, &c, and others of the best MODERN
NOVELS, mostly in good half-binding, being
448 vols., besides 32 vols, of broken sets, 18/. 18«.

O'CONOR (C, D.D.), RE-
rum HIBERNICARUM SCRIPTORES.
4to., 4 vols., fine set, russia, extra gilt, gilt
edges, 18/. 18s.

DRYDEN'S WORKS, by

SCOTT, 1808. Post 8vo., 18 vols., half calf,
neat, i-/. 18s.

GEOLOGICAL TRANSAC-
TIONS, 1807—1835. Many coloured Plates.
4to., 8 vols., calf, neat, 12/. 12s.

MANNING AND BRAY'S

SURREY. 3 vols., half russia, 10/. 10s.

MURCHISONS SILURIAN

SYSTEM. 4to., 2 vols., with the large separate
Map, 6/. 16s.

NICHOLS'S LITERARY

ANECDOTES, and ILLUSTRATIONS, 1812
—1848. xv.)., 17 vols, in 16, calf extra, gilt, a
very handsome set with uncut edges, 13/. 1 3s.

PAXTON'S MAGAZINE OF

BOTANY. 800 Coloured Plates, an! above
1200 Wood Engravings. Royal 8vo., 16 vols.,
complete, handsomely bound, half morocco,
gilt edges, 15/. 15s.

PIRANESI OPERE, about

2,000 Plates, atlas folio, a complete set, bound
in 23 vols., half russia, gilt, 60 guineas.

QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1809

to 1829, with INDEXES. 8vo., 85 vols., half
calf, neat, unif jrm, 12/. 12».

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW.

16 vols., half morocco, neat, 3/. 18».

SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF

PAINTERS, with Supplement, 1829-42. Royal
8vo., 9 vols., 8/. 8».

STRYPE'S WORKS. 8vo.,

27 vols., calf extra, gilt, uniform, a beautiful
set, 16/. 16s.

*** It will be necessary to order direct from
the Advertiser. J he NET CASH PRICES
being fixed, there can be no commission nor
discount to Booksellers or Agents.

THOMAS KERSLAKE, BRISTOL.

190

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

The FIRST VOLUME is now Beady, -with Portrait of Miss Burney, price 3s., of a
CHEAP EDITION

OF

MADAME D'ABBLAYS DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.

INCLUDING THE PERIOD OF HEB BESIDENCE AT THE COUBT OF QUEEN
CHABLOTTE.

To be completed in Seven Monthly Volumes, price only 3s. each, elegantly bound, embellished
with Portraits.

" Miss Burney's work ought to be placed beside Boswell's ' Life,' to which it forms an ex-
cellent supplement." _ Times.

"Madame D'Arblay lived to be a classic. Her Diary is written in her best manner. It
ought to be consulted by every ) erson who wishes to be well acquainted with the history of our
literature and our manners." — Edinburgh Review.

Published for HENEY COLBUBN. by his Successors, HUBST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
Marlborough Street.

PEPYS' DIARY AND COR-
RESPONDENCE.
THE NEW AND IMPROVED LIBRARY
EDITION of this Popular Work, in 4 vols,
demy 8vo., price 10s. id. per vol., illustrated
with Poitraits and other Platts, and with
numerous additional Letters, Notes, &c. &c.
Edited by LOBD BBAYBBOOKE, is NOW
BEADY.

Published for HENBY COLBUBN, by his
Successors, HUBST & BLACKETT, 13.
Great Marlborough Street.

BURKE'S PEERAGE ANDI
BARONETAGE.

T HE GREATLY IMPROVED AND COR-
RECTED EDITION

For 1854,

IS NOW READY.

Orders received by all Booksellers.

Published for HENBY COLBUBN, by his
Successors, HUBST & BLACKETT, 13.
Great -v arlborough Street.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE FOB MAECH contains the fol-
lowing articles : —

Lord John Bussell's Life of Fox.

Grotius on War and Peace.

Rhine-l.and and its Romance.

Paula and Eustochium.

The Oxford Septuagint.

Monun ents of the English Republican Be-

fugees at Vevays.
Cervantes and his Writings.
The New Patron Saint ot Amiens.
Buined Cities in America.

With Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban,
Notes of the Month, Historical and Miscella-
neous Reviews, Repot ts of Archaeological So-
cieties, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary ;
including Memoirs of Viscount Ber>sford,
Hon. Mr. Clive, Gen. Sir Thomas Bradford,
Bev. Dr. F. A. Cox, Bev. William Jay, B. L.
Vulliamy, Esq., &c. Price 2s. 6rf.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

Now publishing, in SIX VOLUMES, OC-
TAVO (containing 7,215 Pages), price 21. 15s.
cloth.

MATTHEW HENRY'S COM-
MENTABY ON THE OLD AND

NEW TESTAMENTS. To which is pre-
fixed a Life of the Author, with Introductory
Remarks, &c. Also, Four of his Sermons, viz.

I. A Sermon on Family Beligion.— II. How
to begin every Day with God. — III. How to
spend every Day with God. — IV. How to close
every Daj with God.

An invaluable Present from a Parent to his
Family on their Settling in Life.

London : P. P. THOMS, Warwick Square.

Sold by all Booksellers.

ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE EN-
GLISH POETS.
BY BOBEBT BELL.
In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each in cloth.
This Day, the Second Volume, 2s. 6d., of the

POETICAL WORKS OF
JOHN DRYDEN, with Historical and
Illustrative Notes. By BOBERT BELL.

Already published, 2s. 6d. each,

POETICAL WORKS OF

JOHN DRYDEN, Vol. I., with Memoir, con-
taining New Facts and Original Letters of the
Poet.

POETICAL WORKS OF

THE EABL OF SUBBEY, OF MINOB
CONTEMPOBANEOIIS POETS, and of
SACKVILLE. LORD BUCKHUBST. With
Notes and Memoirs.

On the 1st of April,

POETICAL WORKS OF

WILLIAM COWPEB, Vol. I.

London : JOHN W. PABKEB & SON,
West Strand.

This Day,8vo.,15s.

THE MEDITERRANEAN: A
Memoir, Physical, Historical, and Nau-
tical. By BEAE-ADMIBAL W. H SMYTH,
D.C.L., Foreign Secretary of the Boyal So-
ciety.

By the same Author,
Two Volumes, 8vo.,with numerous Illustra-
tions. 21. 2s.

CYCLE OF CELESTIAL

OBJECTS.

ERASER'S MAGAZINE FOR

or by post 3s.,

V

JT MABCII, price 2s.

contains :

The Plurality of Worlds.

Viliemain's Memoirs.

A Day's Curling.

Gallinaceana. - Peacocks and Guinea Fowls.

A Pageant which meant something.

General Bounce ; or, The Lady and the I o-

custs. By the Author of "Digby Grand."

Chaps. V. and VI.
The British Jews : — A Letter to the Editor.
Sinope after the Battle.
The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of

London. — III. The Corporation as Suitors,

Justices, and Judges.
Beaumarchais.

Researches in Dutch Literature. — No. II.
Oxford Keform an d Oxford Professors.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

SECONDHAND BOOKS. —

kj A List of valuable Second-hand Books in
Theology, Political Economy, History, and
Miscellaneous and Classical Literature, se-
lected from his very Extensive Stock, Gratis,
on Beceipt of One Stamp for Postage.
W. HEATH, 497. New Oxford Street, near the
British Museum.

DISCOUNT TO SCHOOLS
AND BOOKSELLERS.

In order to meet the increasing demand for
Educational Works, VARTY & OWEN beg
to announce that they will allow to all Schools
and Booksellers, 40 per cent. Discount on or-
ders from the List just is-ued of School Books
and Tablet Lessons of which they are the Pub-
lishers— provided the amount of such orders be
not less than 31. nett. They will also allow
33 per cent. Discount on all orders for their
Maps, Atlases, Pictures, Diagrams, &c, to the
same amount ; or orders may be given in-
cluding both classes of publications not less
than bl. nett, at the respective rates of discount ;
but they must be accompanied by a Money
Order on the Charing Cross Post-Offiee, pay-
able to

VARTY & OWEN, Educational Depository,
31. Strand, London.

:\T

EW EDUCATIONAL

WORKS. By CHARLES BAKER.
For Secular Instruction.

Reading without Spelling, Second Edition,
6d.

The Circle of Knowledge, Gradation I.,
Third Edition, 9d.

Ditto, Manual Edition, for Pupil Teachers,
&c . Is. 6d.

The Circle of Knowledge, Gradation II.,
Third Edition, 91.

Ditto, Manual Edition, for Pupil Teachers,
&c. Is. 6d.

The Circle of Knowledge, Gradation III.,
Third Edition, Is. 6^.

Ditto, Manual Edition, for Pupil Teachers,
&c, 3s. 6d.

Manual for Collective Teaching, No. I.,
Objects, 6d.

Scriptural Series.

The Book of Bible History, Gradation I.,
Second Edition. 9<7.

The Book of Bihle History, Gradation II.,
Second Edition, 9d.

The Book of Bible History, Gradation III.,
Second Edition, Is. 6d.

The Bible Class Book, with Notes and Poems,
pp. 420, 4s. 6d.

Bible Exercises on the Tabular View, 9cl.

The Book of Bible Characters. Third Edi-
tion, Is.

The Book of Bible Geography. Third Edi-
tion, Is.

The Book of Bible Events, Fourth Edition,
with Chart, Is.

Tablet Lessons.

(Metal Frames may be had for each set of

Tablet Lessons.)

Circle of Knowledge, Gradation I., 100 sheets,
large 'ype, Rs.

Circle of Knowledge, Gradation II., 100
sheets, large type, 16s.

Circle of Knowledge, Gradation III., 107
sheets, large type, 20s

Bible History, oradation I., oblong quarto,
5s.

Fifty-six Tablet Lessons on Bible Chrono-
logy, 7s. 6d.

Class Lessons on the Tabular View, large
type, 12s. 6d.

Charts.

Tabular View of the Old Testament, on
rollers, 10s.

Tabular Chart of the Gospels, &c, on rollers,
10s.

A Chart of Bible Chronology, on rollers, 4s.
Full allowance made to Schools.

London : VARTY & OWEN, Educational
Depositor! ,31 Strand, and may be had of all
Booksellers and Stationers.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of. and Extracts from. Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
reaoy.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square'
London.

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

191

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1854.

fiattsi.
burton's "anatomy op melancholy."

In this age of " new editions," it is a wonder
that no one has favoured the public with a reprint,
with notes variorum, of this celebrated English
classic.

Dr. Dibdin, in a note to his edition of More's
Utopia, vol. ii. p. 97., says :

" Whoever will be at the trouble of consulting
Part II. sect. iv. memb. i. subsect. 4. of the last folio
edition of Burton [1676], will see how it varies from
the first folio of 162 I ; and will, in consequence, regret
the omission of the notice of these variations in the
octavo editions of Burton recently published."

The octavo editions here referred to are those
of 1800 and 1806 ; the latter, I believe, edited by
Edward Du Bois. The folio of 1676 is, in all
probability, an exact reprint of that of 1651,
which certainly differs considerably from those of
an earlier date. Henry Cripps, the publisher of
the edition of 1651, has the following notice :

" To the Reader.

Be pleased to know (courteous Reader) that since
the last impression of this Book, the ingenuous author
of it is deceased, leaving a copy of it exactly corrected,
with several considerable additions by his own hand.
This copy he committed to my care and custody, with
directions to have those additions inserted in the next
edition ; which, in order to his command and the pub-
licke good, is faithfully performed in this last impres-
sion. H. C."

Modern writers have been deeply indebted to
old Robert Burton ; but he, in his turn, was
equally indebted to earlier writers. Dr. Dibdin
remarks :

" I suspect that Burton, the author of the Anatomy
of Melancholy, was intimately acquainted with Boias-
tuan's book as translated by Alday ; for there are
passages in Burton's ' Love Melancholy ' (the most
extraordinary and amusing part of his work), which
bear a very strong resemblance to many in the ' Gests
and Countenances ridiculous of Lovers,' at p. 195. of
Boiastuan's Theatre, or Rule of the World."

The title of the curious book mentioned in this
extract is —

"Theatrum Mundi. Theatre, or Rule of the World:
Wherein may bee seene the running Race and Course
of everie Mannes Lyfe, as touching Miserie and Feli-
citie : whereunto is added a learned Worke of the
excellence of Man. Written in French by Peter
Boiastuan. Translated by John Alday. Printed by
Thomas East, for John Wright, 8vo. 1582."

But Burton was more indebted to another work,
very similar in title and matter to his own; I

mean Dr. Bright's curious little volume, of which
I transcribe the title-page in full :

" A Treatise of Melancholy : contayning the Causes
thereof, and reasons of the strange Effects it worketh
in our Minds and Bodies ; witii the Phisicke Cure,
and Spirituall Consolation for such as have thereto
adjoyned afflicted Conscience. The difference betwixt
it and Melancholy, with diverse philosophical Dis-
courses touching Actions, and Affections of Soule,
Spirit, and Body : the Particulars whereof are to be
seene before the Booke. By T. Bright, Doctor of
Phisicke. Imprinted at London by John Windet,
sm. 8vo. 1586."

It has been remarked that Burton does not
acknowledge his obligations to Bright. This,
however, is not strictly true, as the former ac-
knowledges several quotations in the course of his
work. It would certainly be desirable, in the
event of a new edition of the Anatomy, that a
comparison of the two books should be made. As
a beginning towards this end, I subjoin a table of
the contents of Bright's Treatise, with a notice of
some similar passages in Burton's Anatomy, ar-
ranged in parallel columns.

I may just add, that Bright's Treatise consists
of 276 pages, exclusive of a dedication " To the
Right Worshipful M. Peter Osborne," &c. (dated
from "Little S. Bartlemews by Smithfield, the
13 of May, 1586") ; and an address " To his Me-
lancholick Friend M."

All that is known of his biography has been
collected by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, and com-
municated to the last edition of Wood's Athence
Oxonienses, vol. ii. p. 174. note.

Bright's " Treatise of Mki.ax- Burton's " Anatomy of Melan-
choly," 1586. choly," edit. 1651.

The Contentes of the Booke accord-
ing to the Chapters.

1. How diversly the word Me-
lancholy is taken.

2. '1 he c» uses of naturall melan-
choly, and of the excesse thereof.

3. Whether good nourishment
hreede melancholy, by fault of the
body turning it into melancholy :
and whether such humour is found
in nourishments, or rather is made
of them.

4. The aunswere to objections
made against the breeding of
melancholicke humour out of
nourishment.

5. A more particular and far-
ther answere to the former objec-
tions.

6. The causes of the increase and
excesse of melancholicke humour.

7. Of the melancholicke excre-
ment.

8. What burnt choller is, and
the causes thereof.

9. How melancholie worketh
fearful passions in the mind.

10. How the body affecteth the
soule.

11. Objections againste the man-
ner how the body affecteth the
soule, with answere thereunto.

12. A farther answere to the
former objections, and of the sim-
ple facultie of the soule, and onely
organicall of spirit and body.

13. How the soule, by One simple
facultie, performeth so many and
diverse actions.

Parallel Sections.

Deflnitionof Melancholy : name,
difference.
The causes of melancholy.

Customs of dyet. delight, ap-
petite, necessity : how they cause
or hinder.

Dyet rectified in substance.

Immediate cause of these pre-
cedent symptomes.
Of the matter of melancholy.

Symptomes or signes in the
mind.
Of the soul and her faculties.

192

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

Bhight's " Treatise of Melan-
choly," 158G.

14. The particular answeres to
the objections made in the 11th
chapter.

15. Whether perturbations rise
of humour or not. with a division
of the perturbations.

16. Whether perturbations which
are not moved by outward occa-
sions rise of humour or not : and
how ?

17. How melancholie procmeth
feare, sadues, despairc, and such
passions.

18. Of the unnaturall mc'nn-
cholie rising by adjustion : how
it affecteth us with diverse pas-
sions.

19. IIow sickness and yeares
ieeme to alter the mind, and the
cause ; and how the soule hath
practise of senses separated from
the body.

20. The accidentes which befall
melancholie persons.

21. How melancholie altereth
the qualities of the body.

22. How melancholie altereth
those actions which rise out of the
braine.

23. How affections be altered.

24. The causes of teares, and
their saltncs.

25. Why teares endure not all
the time of the cause : and why in
weeping commonly the finger is
put in the eie.

26. Of the partes of weeping :
why the countenance is cast down,
the forehead lowreth, the nose
droppeth, the lippe trembleth, &c.

27. The causes of sobbing and
sighing : and how weeping easeth
the heart.

28. Howe melancholie causeth
both weeping and laughing, with
the reasons why.

29. The causes of blushing and
bashfulness, and why melancholie
persons are given therunto.

30. Of the naturall actions al-
tered by melancholie.

31. How melancholie altereth
the naturall workes of the body :
juice and excrement.

32. Of the affliction of conscience
forsinne.

33. Whether the afflicted con-
science be of melincholie.

34. The particular difference be-
twixt melancholie and the af-
flicted conscience in the same
person.

35. The affliction of mind ; to
what persons it befalleth, and by
what means.

36. A consolation to the afflicted
conscience.

37. The cure of melancholie ;
and how melancholicke persons
are to order themselves in actions
of minde, sense, and motion.

38. How melancholicke persons
are to order themselves in their
affections.

39. How melancholicke persons
are to order themselves in the rest
of their diet, and what choice they
are to make of ayre, meate, and
drinke. house, and apparcll.

40. The cure by medicine meete
for melancholicke persons.

41. The manner of strengthfn-
ing melancholicke persons after
purging; with correction of some
of their accidents.

Burton's " Anatomy of Melan-
choly," edit. 1651.

Division of perturbations.

Sorrow, fear, envy, hatred, ma-
lice, anger, &c. causes.

Symptomes of head-melan-
choly.

Continent, inward, antecedent,
next causes, and how the body
works on the mind.

An heap of other accidents caus-
ing melancholy.

Distemperature of particular
parts.

Causes of these symptomes [e. e.
bashfuluess aud blushing].

Symptomes of melancholy
abounding in the whole body.

Guilty conscience for offence
committed.

How melancholy and despair
differ.

Passions and perturbations of
the mind ; how they cause melan-
choly.

Cure of melancholy over all the

body.

Perturbations of the mind recti-
fied.

Dyct rectified ; ayre rectified, &c.

Of physick which cureth with
medicines.
Correctors of accidents to procure

Edward F. Rimbatjlt.

"Al'&J'," ITS DERIVATION.

As the old postulate respecting the etymology
of this important word, from ae}&>y, however super-
ficial, is too attractive to be surrendered, even in
the present day, by some respectable authorities,
the judgment of your classical correspondents is

requested, as to the accuracy of the more philo-
sophical origin of the term which has been adopted
by commentators of unquestionable erudition and
undisputed eminence.

The rule by which those distinguished scholars,
Lennep and Scheidius, determine the etymology
of Aldiv, is as follows :

" Nomina in wv desinentia, formata ab aliis nomi-
nibus, collect iva sunt, sive copiam earum rerum, qua;
primitive) designantur notant — ut sunt SevSphv, a 5eV-
Bpof, arboretum ; 'E\aiibv, olivetum, ab"EAaiov ; 'Pofiwv,
rosetum, a fiSSov (also the nouns ayicwv, ayebv, aKpefxcav,
fSovSuv, iraii'v, irAovroov, irdyuiv, xwwi'). — • Nempe for-
mata videntur hose nomina in <cv, a genitivis pluralibus
substantivorum. Genitivus singularis borum nominum,
in wvos, contractione sua, hanc originem satis videtur
demonstrare."

In immediate reference to the word Albiv, they
say :

" Alwv, iEvum, iEternitas. Nomen ex eo genere,
quod natura sua collectionem et multitudinem rerum
notat ; ut patet ex terminatione civ. Quemadmodum
in voce ae\, vidimus earn esse translatam eximie ad sig-
nificationem teinporis, ab ilia flandi, spirandive, quae est
in origine aco ; sic in nostro Aiwc eadem translations
ratio locum habet ; ut adeo quasi temporum collectionem,
vel multitudinem significet. A qua denuo signilica-
tione propria profectae sunt ea?, quibus vel aevum, vel
(eternitatem, vel hominii cetatem descripsere veteres.
Formata (vox) est a nomine inusitato Albs, vel 'A'ibs,
quod ab ius, cujus naturam, in voce ae\, exposui.
Caetertnn, a Grajco nostro Alow, interposito digainmate
iEolieo, ortum est 'AiFwv, et hinc Lat. asvum."

As then it is impossible to place Alav, whose
genitive is Aluvos, in the same category with the
derivatives from &r, the participle present of Ely.),
whose genitive is ovros ; and as, secondly, this
derivation places the word out of the range of the
collective nouns so declined, which are derived
from other nouns, as this appears to be, can the
real etymology of the word Alibv, and its deriva-
tives, remain any longer a matter of question and
debate ? C. H. P.

WILLIAM LTON, BISHOP OF CORK, CLOYNE, AND
ROSS.

It is very generally believed that Dr. William
Lyon (not Lyons, as he is sometimes called) was
originally in the navy ; that having distinguished
himself in several actions against the Spaniards,
he was promised by Queen Elizabeth the first
crown appointment that should be vacant; and
that this happening to be the see of Cork, he was
appointed to it. This is mentioned in other works
as well as in Mr. Crofton Croker's very agreeable
Researches in the South of Ireland, p. 248. ; and I
have more than once heard it given as a remark-
able instance of church preferment.

Mak. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

193

Sir James Ware informs us that Bishop Lyon
was Vicar of Naas in 1573, Vicar of Brandanston
in 1580, and chaplain to Lord Grey, who was sent
to Ireland as Lord Deputy in September, 1580.
This is inconsistent with the statement, that Queen
Elizabeth took him from the quarter-deck to
make him a bishop, inasmuch as he was in holy
orders, and in possession of preferment in Ireland,
nearly ten years before he was raised to the highest
order in the ministry. If, therefore, he was ever
distinguished for gallantry in naval warfare, it
must have been before 1573 ; for we have no
reason to suppose that the Rev. George Walker,
the hero of Londonderry, had him as an example.
But, as no action with the Spaniards could have
taken place prior to 1577, how is this to be recon-
ciled with the common account, tbat his gallantry
against them attracted the notice of the queen ?
In a miscellaneous compilation, entitled Jeffer-
son's Selections (published in York in 1795, and
indebted for its information about Lyon to an old
newspaper, which gave oral tradition as its sole
authority), we are told that his picture, in the
captain's uniform, the left hand wanting a finger,
is still to be seen in the bishop's palace at Cork.
The picture is there, and represents him certainly
as wanting a finger ; he is dressed, however, not
in a captain's uniform, but in a very scholar-like
black gown.

I know not how Mr. Croker could have given
the year 1606 as the date of his appointment to
the see of Cloyne, for we learn from Ware, who is
no mean authority, that he was first appointed
to the see of Boss in 1582 ; that the sees of Cork
and Cloyne were given to him in commendam in
1583 (as is recorded in the Consistorial Court of
Cork), and that the three sees were formally
united in his person in 1586.

In 1595 he was appointed one of the commis-
sioners to consider the best means of peopling
Munster with English settlers, and of establishing
a voluntary composition throughout that province
in lieu of cess and taxes ; this does not look as if
he had been an illiterate captain of a ship, or one
of those " rude-bred soldiers, whose education
was at the musket-mouth." In fact, Ware does
not seem to have considered him remarkable for
anything except such qualities as well became his
order. And we have the high testimony of Arch-
bishop Bramhall (quoted by Ware), that " Cork
and Ross fared the best of any bishoprick in that
province, a very good man, Bishop Lyon, having
been placed there early in the Reformation."

Abhba.

CURIOUS MARRIAGE AGREEMENT.

The original of the following paper is in exist-
ence in this city :

" To Mrs. Deborah Leasiing.

" Madam. — Seeing; I, Jacob Sprier, have addressed
myself to you upon the design of marriage, I therefore
esteem it necessary to submit to your consideration
some particulars, before we enter upon that solemn en-
terprise which may either establish our happiness or
occasion our inquietude during life, and if you concur
with those particulars, I shall have great encourage-
ment to carry my design into execution ; and since
happiness is the grand pursuit of a rational creature,
so marriage ought not to be attempted short of a pro-
spect of arriving thereat ; and in order thereto (should
we marry) 1 conceive the following rules and parti-
culars ought to be steadily observed and kept, viz. :

" 1st. That we keep but one purse: a severance of
interest bespeaking diffidence, mistrust, and disunity of
mind.

" 2nd. That we avoid anger as much as possible,
especially with each other; but if either should be
overtaken therewith, the other to treat the angry party
with temper and moderation during the continuance of
such anger; and afterwards, if need require, let the
matter of heat be coolly discussed when reason shall
resume its government.

" 3rd. As we have different stocks of children to-
which we are and ought to be strongly attached by-
ties of nature, so it's proper when such children or any
of them need correction, it be administered by the
party from whom they have descended ; unless, in the
opinion of both parties, it shall be thought necessary to
be otherwise administered for the children's good.

" 4th. That no difference or partiality be made with,
respect to such children who live with us in point of
common usage touching education, food, raiment, and.
treatment, otherwise than as age, circumstance, and
convenience may render it necessary, to be agreed upon
between us, and grounded upon reason.

",5th. That civility, courtesy, and kind treatment
be always exercised and extended towards such child
or children that now is or hereafter may be removed
from us.

" 6th. That we use our mutual endeavours to in-
struct, counsel, improve, admonish, and advise all our
children, without partiality, for their general good ;
and that we ardently endeavour to promote both their
temporal and eternal welfare.

" 7th. That each of us use our best endeavours to
inculcate upon the minds of our respective stocks of
children a venerable and honourable opinion of the
other of us ; and avoid as much as possible any insinu-
ation that may have a different tendency.

" 8th. That in matters where either of us is more
capable of judging than the other of us, and best ac-
quainted therein, that the person so most capable of
judging, and best acquainted, do follow his or her own
judgment without control, unless the other shall be able
to give a sufficient reason to the contrary ; then, and in
such case, the same to be conclusive; and that we do
adhere to each other in things reasonable and expedient

194

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

with a mutual condescension, and also advise with and
consult each other in matters of importance.

" 9th. That if any misunderstanding should arise,
the same be calmly canvassed and accommodated be-
tween ourselves, without admitting the interposition of
any other, or seeking a confident to either to reveal
our mind unto, or sympathise withal upon the oc-
casion.

" 10th. That no suspicious jealousies of any kind
whatever be harboured in our breasts, without absolute
or good circumstantial evidence ; and if conceived upon
proof or strong presumption, the same to be communi-
cated to the suspected person, in temper and modera-
tion, and not told to another.

"11th. That we be just, chaste, and continent to
each other; and should either prove otherwise, that
then we separate, notwithstanding the most solemn ties
to the contrary, unless it shall suit the injured party to
forgive the injury and continue the coverture ; and in
case of separation, each of us to keep such share of
wealth as we were possessed of when we came together,
if it remains in the same state, as to quantum ; but if
over or under, then in proportion to what we originally
had.

" 1 2th. That we neither give into, nor countenance
any ill advisers who may have a design to mar our
happiness, and sow discord between us.

" 1 3th. That in matters of religious concernment, we
be at liberty to exercise our sentiments freely without
control.

" 14th. That we use our mutual endeavours to in-
crease our affection, cultivate our harmony, promote
our happiness, and live in the fear of God, and in
obedience to His righteous laws.

" 15th. That we use the relatives of each other with
friendly kindness ; and that the same be extended to our
friends and benefactors, mutually, without grudging.

" 16th. That the survivor of us endeavour, after the
death of either of us, to maintain the reputation and
dignity of the deceased, by avoiding levity of behaviour,
dissoluteness of life, and disgraceful marriage ; not
only so, but that such survivor persevere in good offices
to the children of the deceased, as a discreet, faithful,
and honourable survivor ought to do.

" 17th. That in case Jacob Sprier, after trial, shall
not think it for his interest, or agreeable to his disposi-
tion, to live at the plantation where Deborah Learning
now resides, then, and in such case, she to remove with
him elsewhere upon a prospect promising to better his
circumstances or promote his happiness, provided the
landed interest of the said Deborah's late husband be
taken proper care of for the benefit of her son Christo-
pher.

" 18th. That the said Jacob Sprier be allowed from
time to time to purchase such books from our joint stock
as he shall think necessary for the advantage and im-
provement of himself and our children jointly, or either
of them, without grudging.

" 19th. That the said Jacob Sprier do continue to
keep Elisha Hughes, and perform his express agree-
ment to him according to indenture already executed,
and discharge the trust reposed in him the said Sprier
by the mother of the said Elisha, without grudging or
complaint.

" 20th. And as the said Deborah Learning, and the
said Jacob Sprier, are now something advanced in years,
and ought to take the comfort of life as free from hard
toil as convenience will admit, therefore neither of
them be subject thereunto unless in case of emergence,
and this exemption to be no ways censured by each
other, provided they supervise, contrive, and do the
light necessary services incumbent on the respective
heads of a family, not omitting to cultivate their minds
when convenience will admit.

"21st. That if anything be omitted in the fore-
going rules and particulars, that may conduce to our
future happiness and welfare, the same to be hereafter
supplied by reason and discretion, as often as occa-
sion shall require.

" 22nd. That the said Jacob Sprier shall not upbraid
the said Deborah Learning with the extraordinary in-
dustry and good economy of his deceased wife, neither
shall the said Deborah Learning upbraid the said Jacob
Sprier with the like extraordinary industry and good
economy of her deceased husband, neither shall any-
thing of this nature be observed by either to the other
of us, with any view to offend or irritate the party to
whom observed ; a thing too frequently practised in a
second marriage, and very fatal to the repose of the
parties married.

" I, Deborah Learning, in case I marry with Jacob
Sprier, do hereby promise to observe and perform the
before-going rules and particulars, containing twenty-
two in number, to the best of my power. As witness
my hand, the 16th day of Decem'r, 1751 :

(Signed) "Deborah Leaming.

" I, Jacob Sprier, in case I marry with Deborah
Leaming, do hereby promise to observe and perform
the before-going rules and particulars, containing
twenty two in number, to the best of my power. As
witness my hand, the 16th day of December, 1751 :
(Signed) "Jacob Sprier."
Oldbcck.
Philadelphia.

ANCIENT AMERICAN LANGUAGES.

(Continued fromYo\. vi., pp.60, 61.)

Since communicating to you a short list of a
few books I had noted as having reference to this
obscure subject, I have stumbled over a few others
which bear special reference to the Quichua ; and
of which I beg to send you a short account, which
may be worthy a place in your valuable pages.

The first work upon the Quichua language, of
which I find mention, is a grammar of the Peru-
vian Indians (Gramatica 6 arte general de la
lengua de los Indios del Peru), by the brother
Domingo de San Thomas, published in Valladolid
in 1560 ; and republished in the same year with
an appendix, being a Vocabulary of the Quichua.
The demand for the first edition appears to have
been considerable ; or, what is more likely, from
the extreme rarity of the work, the careful author

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEHIES.

195

suppressed or called in the first edition, in order
to add, for the benefit of his purchasers, the voca-
bulary which he had found time to prepare within
the year.

The work of San Thomas seems to have glutted
the market for some twenty years ; for we do not
find that any one made a collection of words or
grammatical forms until the year 1586, when
Antonio Ricardo published a kind of introduction
to the Quichua, having sole reference to that
language, without anything more than an explan-
ation in Spanish.* This work, like that of his
predecessor, was immediately remodelled and re-
published in a very much extended form in the
same year. Ricardo's books are amongst the first
printed in that part of America.

Diego de Torres Rubio is the next writer of
whom I am cognizant. He published at Seville,
in 1603, a grammar and vocabulary of the Qui-
chua ; the subject still continuing to attract at-
tention. Still, as was to be expected, the Quichua
language was of more consequence to the Spa-
niards of Peru. No doubt, therefore, that Father
Juan Martinez found a ready sale for his vocabu-
lary, published at Los Reyes in 1604. Indeed,
the subject is now attracting the attention of the
eminent Diego Gonzalez Holguin, who published
first, a new grammar (Gramatica nueva) of the
Quichua and Inca dialect, in four books, at the
press of Francisco del Canto, in Los Reyes, 1607 ;
and second, a vocabulary of the language of the
whole of Peru (de todo el Peru), in the same year
and at the same press.

It is worthy of remark, as confuting somewhat
fully the assertion of Prescott (Conquest of Peru,
vol. ii. p. 188.), that the Spanish name of Ciudad
de los Reyes ceased to be used in speaking of
Lima " within the first generation," that the books
of Ricardo, Holguin, and Huerta (of whom pre-
sently) are all stated to have been printed in the
Ciudad de los Reyes, though the latest of these
appeared in 1616. In 1614, however, to confine
myself strictly to the bibliographical inquiry sug-
gested by the heading of my article, a method
and vocabulary of the Quichua did appear from
Canto's press, dated Lima, — a corruption, as is
well known, of the word Rimac.

That, however, the Castilian name should be
employed later, is curious. At any rate, it occurs
for the last time on the title of a work printed by
the same printer, Canto, in 1616; and written by
Don Alonso de Huerta, the old title being ad-
hered to, probably from some cause unknown to
us, but possibly in consequence of old aristocratic
opinions and prejudices in favour of the Spanish
name. That the name of Lima had obtained con-
siderably even in the time of the Conquerors, Mr.

* Arte y Vocabulario de la lengua, Uamada quichua.
En la Ciudad de los Reyes, 1586, 8vo.

Prescott has sufficiently proved ; but as an official
and recognised name it evidently existed to a later
period than the historian has mentioned.

The work of Torres Rubio, already mentioned,
was reprinted in Lima by Francisco Lasso in 1619.
From this time forward, the subject of the native
language of Peru seems to have occupied the
attention of many writers. A quarto grammar
was published by Diego de Olmos in 1633 of the
Indian language, as the Quichuan now came to be
called.

Eleven years later, we find Fernando de Car-
rera, curate and vicar of San Martin de Reque,
publishing an elaborate work bearing the follow-
ing title :

" Arte de la lengua yunga de los valles del obispado
de Truxillo; con un confesonario y todas las oraciones
cotidianas y otras cosas : Lima, por Juan de Con-
treras, 1644, 16mo."

Grammars and methods here follow thick and
fast. A few years after Carrera's book, in 1648,
comes Don Juan Roxo Mexia y Ocon, natural de
Cuzco, as he proudly styles himself, with a method
of the Indian language : and after a few insig-
nificant works, again another in 1691, by Estevan
Sancho de Melgar.

The most common works on the Quichua are
the third and fourth editions of Torres Rubio,
published at Lima in the year3 1700 and 1754.
Of these two works, done with that care and evi-
dent pleasure which Jesuits always, and perhaps
only, bestow upon these difficult by-roads of phi-
lology, I need say no more, as they are very well
known.

Before I close this communication, allow me to
suggest to the readers and contributors to the
truly valuable " N. & Q.," that no tittle of know-
ledge concerning these early philological researches
ought to be allowed to remain unrecorded ; and
with the position which the " N. & Q." occupies,
and the facilities that journal offers for the pre-
servation of these stray scraps of knowledge, surely
it would not be amiss to send them to the Editor,
and let him decide, as he is very capable of doing,
as to their value. Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.

February 20. 1854.

CONDUITT AND NEWTON.

In the prospectus of a new Life of sir Isaac
Newton, by sir David Brewster, it is stated that
in examining the papers at Hurstbourne Park,
the seat of the earl of Portsmouth, the discovery
had been made of "copious materials which Mr.
Conduit had collected for a life of Newton, which
had never been supposed to exist"

About the year 1836 I consulted the principal
biographers of Newton — Conduitt, Fontenelle,
Birch, Philip Nichols, Thomas Thomson, Biot,

196

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

Brewster — and I have ever since believed that
such materials did exist.

We are assured by Mr. Edmund Turnor, in the
preface to his History of Grantham, printed in
1806, which work is quoted in the prospectus,
that the manuscripts at Hurstbourne Park then
chiefly consisted of some pocket-books and memo-
randums of sir Isaac Newton, and " the information
obtained by Mr. Conduitt for the purpose of
writing his life." Moreover, the collections of
Mr. Conduitt are repeatedly quoted in that work
as distinct from the memoirs which were sent to
M. de Fontenelle.

I shall give another anecdote in refutation of
the statement made in the prospectus, albeit a
superfluity. In 1730 the author of The Seasons
republished his Poem to the memory of sir Isaac
Newton, with the addition of the lines which fol-
low, and which prove that he was aware of the
task on which Mr. Conduitt was then occupied.
The lines, it should be observed, have been omit-
ted in all the editions printed since 1738.

" This, Conduitt, from thy rural hours we hope;
As through the pleasing shade, where nature pours
Her every sweet, in studious ease you walk ;
The social passions smiling at thy heart,
That glows with all the recollected sage."

The pleasing shade indicates the grounds of
Cranbury-lodge, in Hampshire, the seat of Mr.
Conduitt — whose guest the poet seems previously
to have been.

Some inedited particulars of the life of Mr.
Conduitt, drawn from various sources, I reserve
for another occasion. Bolton Coknet.

&Hmt fiatti.

The Music in Middleton's Tragi- Comedy of the
"Witch" — Joseph Ritson, in a letter addressed
to J. C. Walker (July, 1797), printed in Picker-
ing's edition of Ritson' s Letters (vol. ii. p. 156.)
has the following passage : —

" It may be to your purpose, at the same time, to
know that the songs in Middleton's Witch, which ap-
pear also to have been introduced in Macbeth, begin-
ning, ' Hecate, Hecate, come away,' and ' Black spirits
and white,' have (as I am informed) been lately dis-
covered in MS. with the complete harmony, as per-
formed at the original representation of these plays.
You will find the words in a note to the late editions
of Shakspeare ; and I shall, probably, one of these
days, obtain a sight of the musick."

The MS. here mentioned was in the collection
of the late Mr. J. Stafford Smith, one of the
Organists of the Chapel Royal. At the sale of
this gentleman's valuable library it passed, with
many other treasures of a similar nature, into my
possession, where it now remains.

Edward F. Rimbaujlt.

Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald Alison in error.
— Plow was it that Mr. Macaulay, in two editions-
of his History, placed the execution of Lord Rus-
sell on Tower Hill ? Did it not take place in
Lincoln's Inn Fields ? And why does Sir A. Ali-
son, in the volume of his History just published,
speak of the children of Catherine of Arragon ?
and likewise inform us that Locke was expelled
from Cambridge ? Was he not expelled from the
University of Oxford ? Abhba.

"Paid down upon the nail." — The origin of this
phrase is thus stated in the Recollections of
O'Keefe the dramatist :

" An ample piazza under the Exchange [in Lime-
rick] was a thoroughfare : in the centre stood a pillar
about four feet high, and upon it a circular plate of
copper about three feet in diameter : this was called
the nail, and on it was paid the earnest for any com-
mercial bargains made ; which was the origin of the
saying, ' Paid down upon the nail.' "
But perhaps the custom, of which Mr. O'Keefe
speaks, was common to other ancient towns ?

Abhba.

Corpidence a Crime. — Mr. Bruce has written,
in his Classic and Historic Portraits, that the
ancient Spartan paid as much attention to the
rearing of men as the cattle dealers in modern
England do to the breeding of cattle. They took
charge of firmness and looseness of men's flesh ;
and regulated the degree of fatness to which it
was lawful, in a free state, for any citizen to ex-
tend his body. Those who dared to grow too fat,
or too soft for military exercise and the service of
Sparta, were soundly whipped. In one particular
instance, that of Nauclis, the son of Polytus, the
offender was brought before the Ephori, and a
meeting of the whole people of Sparta, at which
his unlawful fatness was publicly exposed ; and
he was threatened with perpetual banishment if
he did not bring his body within the regular
Spartan compass, and give up his culpable mode
of living ; which was declared to be more worthy
of an Ionian than a son of Lacedajmon. W. W.

Curious Tender. —

" If any young clergyman, somewhat agreeable in
person, and who has a small fortune independent, can
be well recommended as to strictness of morals and
good temper, firmly attached to the present happy
establishment, and is willing to engage in the matri-
monial estate with an agreeable young lady in whose
power it is immediately to bestow a living of nearly
1007. per annum, in a very pleasant situation, with a
good prospect of preferment, — any person whom this
may suit may leave a line at the bar of the Union
Coffee House in the Strand, directed to Z. Z., within
three days of this advertisement. The utmost secrecy
and honour may be depended upon." — London Chro-
nicle, March, 1758.

E. H. A.

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

197

The Year 1854. — This year commenced and
•will terminate on a Sunday. In looking through
the Almanac, it will be seen that there are five
Sundays in five months of the year, viz. in January,
April, July, October, and December : five Mon-
days in January, May, July, and October; five
Tuesdays in January, May, August, and October ;
five Wednesdays in March, May, August, and
November; five Thursdays, in March, June,
August, and November ; five Fridays in March,
June, September, and December ; five Saturdays
in April, July, September, and December ; and,
lastly, fifty-three Sundays in the year.

The age of her Majesty the Queen is thirty-five,
or seven times five ; and the age of Prince Albert
the same.

Last Christmas having fallen on the Sunday, I
am reminded of the following lines :

" Lordings all of you I warn,
If the day that Christ was born
Fall upon a Sunday,
The winter shall be good I say,
But great winds aloft shall be ;
The summer shall be fine and dry.
By hind skill, and without loss,
Through all lands there shall be peace.
Good time for all things to be done;
But he that stealeth shall be found soon.
What child that day born may be,
A great lord he shall live to be."

w.w.

Malta.

A Significant Hint. — The following lines were
communicated to me by a friend some years ago,
as having been written by a blacksmith of the
village of Tideswell in Derbyshire ; who, having
often been reproved by the parson, or ridiculed by
his neighbours, for drunkenness, placed them on
the church door the day after the event they com-
memorate :

" Ye Tideswellites, can this be true,

Which Fame's loud trumpet brings ;
That ye, to view the Cambrian Prince,

Forsook the King of Kings ?
That when his rattling chariot wheels,

Proclaim'd his Highness near,
Ye trod upon each others' heels,

To leave the house of prayer.
Be wise next time, adopt this plan,

Lest ye be left i' th* lurch ;
And place at th' end of th' town a man

To ask him into Church."

It is said that, on the occasion of the late Prince
of Wales passing through Tideswell on a Sunday,
a man was placed to give notice of his coming,
and the parson and his flock rushed out to see him
pass at full gallop. E. P. Paling.

Chorley.

dhttrtaft

EITERAHY QUERIES.

Mb. Richard Bingham will feel grateful to
any literary friend who may be able to assist him
in solving some or all of the following difficulties.

1. Where does Panormitan or Tudeschis (Com-
mentar. in Quinque Libros Decretalium) apply the
term nullatenenses to titular and Utopian bishops ?
See Origines Ecclesiastic®, 4. 6. 2.

2. In which of his books does John Bale, Bishop
of Ossory, speaking of the monks of Bangor, term
them " Apostolicals ? " See Ibid., 7. 2. 13.

3. Where does Erasmus say that the preachers
of the Roman Church invoked the Virgin Mary
in the beginning of their discourses, much as the
heathen poets were used to invoke their Muses ?
See Ibid., 14. 4. 15. ; and Ferrarius de Eitu Con-
cionum, 1. 1. c. xi.

4. Bona (Rer. Liturg., 1. n. c. ii. n. 1.) speaks of
an epistle from Athanasius to Eustathius, where
he inveighs against the Arian bishops, who in the
beginning of their sermons said "Pax vobiscum .'"
while they harassed others, and were tragically at
war. But the learned Bingham (14. 4. 14.) passes
this by, and leaves it with Bona, because there
is no such epistle in the works of Athanasius.
Where else ? How can Bona's error be corrected?
or is there extant in operibus Athanasii a letter of
his to some other person, containing the expres-
sions to which Bona refers ?

5. In another place (Rer. Liturg., 1. n. c. 4. n. 3.)
Bona refers to torn. iii. p. 307. of an Auctor An-
tiquitatum Litvrgicarum for certain formula ; and
Joseph Bingham (15. 1. 2.) understands him to
mean Pamelius, whose work does not exceed two
volumes. Neither does Pamelius notice at all
the first of the two formula, though he has the
second, or nearly the same. How can this also be
explained ? And to what work, either anonymous
or otherwise, did Bona refer in his expression
" Auctor Antiquitatum Liturgicarum ? "

6. In which old edition of Gratiani Decretum,
probably before the early part of the sixteenth
century, can be found the unmutilated glosses of
John Semeca, surnamed Teutonicus ? and espe-
cially the gloss on De Consecrat., Distinct. 4. c. 4.,
where he says that even in his time (1250 ?) the
custom still prevailed in some places of giving the
eucharist to babes ? See Orig. Ecclesiast., 15. 4. 7.

7. Joseph Bingham (16. 3. 6.) finds fault with
Baronius for asserting that Pope Symmachus ana-
thematized the Emperor Anastasius, and asserts
that instead of Ista quidem ego, as given by Ba-
ronius and Binius, in the epistle of Symmachus,
Ep. vii. al. vi. (see also Labbe and Cossart, t. iv.
p. 1298.), the true reading is Ista quidem nego.
How can this be verified ? The epistle is not ex-
tant either in Crabbe or Merlin. Is the argument

198

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 227.

of J. B. borne out by any good authority, either
in manuscript or print ?

M». Bingham will feel further obliged if the
Replies to any or all of these Queries be forwarded
direct to his address at 57. Gloucester Place,
Portman Square, London.

fflinax t&uzviti.

Hunter of Polmood in Tweed-dale. — Where can
the pedigree of the Hunters of Polmood, in Peeble-
shire, be seen ? Hufreer.

Dinteville Family. — Of the family of Dinteville
there were at this time, viz. 1530, two knights of
the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. 1st. Pierre
de Dinteville, Commander of Troyes, and Senes-
chal of his Order ; son of Claude de Dinteville,
Seigneur de Polisi and Chevets in Burgundy, and
his wife Jeanne de la Beaume, daughter of the
Lord of Mont St. Sorlin. The other was nephew
to the Pierre above mentioned, son of his younger
brother Gaucher, Lord of Polisi, &c. ; and his
wife, Anne du Plessis d'Ouschamps. His name
was Louis de Dinteville : he was born June 25,
1503 ; was Commander of Tupigni and Villedieu,
and died at Malta, July 22, 1531 ; leaving a natural
son, Maria de Dinteville, Abbe of St. Michael de
Tonnerre, who was killed in Paris by a pistol-shot
in 1574. The brother of this Chevalier Louis,
Jean, Seign. of Polisi, &c, was ambassador in
England, and died a cripple a.d. 1555.

Query, Which was the " Dominus" of the king's
letter ? Anon.

Eastern Practice of Medicine. — I shall feel
indebted to any correspondent who will refer me
to some works on the theory and practice of medi-
cine as pursued by the native practitioners of
India and the East generally ?

C. Clifton Barry.

Sunday. — When and where does Sunday be-
gin or end ? T. T. W.

Three Picture Queries. — 1 . Kugler (Schools of
Painting in Italy, edited by Sir Charles Eastlake,
2nd edit., 1851, Part II. p. 284.), speaking of
Leonardo da Vinci's cartoon, representing the
victory of the Florentines in 1440 over Nicolo
Picinnino, general of the Duke of Milan, and
which has now perished, says :

" Rubens copied from Leonardo's, a group of four
horsemen fighting for a standard : this is engraved by
Edelingk, and is just sufficient to make us bitterly
deplore the loss of this rich and grand work."

Does this picture exist ? Does Edelingk's en-
graving state in whose possession it was then ?

2. Where can I find any account of a painter
named St. Denis ? From his name and style, he

appears to have been French, and to have flou-
rished subsequently to 1700.

3. Titian painted Charles III., Duke of Bour-
bon and Constable of France, who was killed
May 6, 1527, at the siege of Rome. Where is this
picture ? It is said to have been engraved by
Norsterman. Where may I see the engraving ?

Arthur Paget.

" Cutting off with a Shilling." — This is under-
stood to have arisen from the notion that the heir
could not be utterly disinherited by will.: that
something, however small, must be left him. Had
such a notion any foundation in the law of Eng-
land at any time ? J. H. Chateau.

Philadelphia.

Inman or Ingman Family. — The family of In-
man, Ionman, or Ingman, variously spelt, derive
from John of Gaunt. This family was settled for
five successive generations at Bowthwaite Grange,
Netherdale or Nithisdale, co. York, and inter-
married with many of the principal families of
that period.

Alfred Inman married Amelia, daughter of
Owen Gam. Who was Owen Gam ?

Arthur Inman married Cecilia, daughter of
Llewellyn Clifford. Who was Llewellyn Clifford ?
Not mentioned in the Clifford Peerage. Perhaps
Mr. Hughes, or some other correspondent of
" N. & Q.," may know, and have the kindness to
make known his genealogical history.

This family being strong adherents of the House
of Lancaster, raised a troop in the royal cause
under the Duke of Newcastle, at the fatal battle
of Marston Moor, where several brothers were
slain, the rest dispersed, and the property con-
fiscated to Cromwell's party about 1650-52.
Any genealogical detail from public records prior
to that period, would be useful in tracing the
descent.

Sir William de Roas de Ingmanthorpe was
summoned to parliament in the reign of Edw. I.
This Ingmanthorpe, or Inmanthorpe (spelt both
ways), is, according to Thoresby, near Knares-
borough on the Nidd. Query, Was this person's
name Inman from his residence, as usual at that
period ?

Arms : Vert, on a chevron or, three roses gules,
slipped and leaved vert. Crest, on a mount vert,
a wyvern ppr. ducally gorged, and lined or. Motto
lost. A Subscriber.

Southsea.

Constable of Masham. — Alan Bellingham of
Levins, in Westmoreland, married Susan, daugh-
ter of Marmaduke Constable of Masham, in York-
shire, before the year 1624.

I should be very much obliged to any of your
genealogical readers, if they can inform me who
was Marmaduke Constable of Masham ; to which

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

199

family of Constable he belonged ; and where I
could find a pedigree of his family.

Comes Stabuli.
Malta.

Fading Ink. — I have somewhere seen a receipt
for an ink, which completely fades away after it
has been written a few months. Will some che-
mical reader kindly refer me to it ?

C. Clifton Barry.

Sir Ralph Killigrew. — Who was Sir Ralph
Killigrew, born circa 1585. I should be very
much obliged to be referred to a good pedigree
of the Killigrew family of the above period.

Patonce.

fflinav 9mtti$i tut'th ®tt)Sto*rj$.

Pcpys. — I have lately acquired a collection of
letters between Pepys and Major Aungier, Sir
Isaac Newton, Halley, and other persons, relating
to the management of the mathematical school at
Christ's Hospital ; and containing details of the
career of some of the King's scholars after leaving
the school. The letters extend from 1692 to
1695 ; and are the original letters received by
Pepys, with his drafts of the answers. They are
loosely stitched, in order of date, in a thick volume,
and are two hundred and upwards in number.
Are these letters known, and have they ever been
published or referred to? A. F. B.

Diss.

[It is a singular coincidence that we should receive
the communication of A. F. B. on the day of the pub-
lication of the new and much improved library edition
of Pepys's Diary. Would our correspondent permit
us to submit his collection to the editor of Pepys, who
would no doubt be gratified with a sight of it ? We
will guarantee its safe return, and any expenses in-
curred in its transmission. On turning to the fourth
volume of the new edition of the Diary, we find the
following letter (now first published) from Dr. Tanner,
afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph, to Dr. Charlett, dated
April 28, 1699: — "Mr. Pepys was just finishing a
letter to you last night when I gave him yours. I
hear he has printed some letters lately about the abuses
of Christ's Hospital ; they are only privately handed
about. A gentleman that has a very great respect for
Mr. Pepys, saw one of them in one of the Aldermen's
hands, but wishes there had been some angry expres-
sions left out ; which he fears the Papists and other
enemies of the Church of England will make ill use
of." Is anything known of this "privately printed"
volume? In the Life of Pepys (4th edit., p. xxxi.),
mention is made of his having preserved from ruin the
mathematical foundation at Christ's Hospital, which
had been originally designed by him. — Ed.]

" Retainers to Seven Shares and a Half." — Can
any reader of " N. & Q.," conversant with the
literature of the seventeenth century, furnish an

explanation of this phrase ? It occurs in the pre-
face to Steps to the Temple, fyc, of Richard Cra-
shaw (the 2nd edit., in the Savoy, 1670), addressed
by "the author's friend" to "the learned reader,"
and is used in disparagement of pretenders to
poetry. The passage runs thus :

" It were prophane but to mention here in the pre-
face those under-headed poets, retainers to seven shares
and a half; madrigal fellows, whose only business in
verse is to rime a poor sixpenny soul, a subburb sinner
into hell," &c.

H. L.

[The performers at our earlier theatres were distin-
guished into whole shares, three-quarter sharers, half
sharers, seven-and-a-half sharers, hired men, &c. In
one scene of the Histriomastic, 1610, the dissolute per*
formers having been arrested by soldiers, one of the
latter exclaims, " Come on, players ! now we are the
sharers, and you the hired men ; " and in another scene,
Clout, one of the characters, rejects with some indig*
nation the offer of "half a share." Gamaliel Ratsey,
in that rare tract, Ratseis G/iost, 1606, knights the
principal performer of a company by the title of " Sir
Three Shares and a Half; " and Tucca, in Ben Jon*
son's Poetaster, addressing Histrio, observes, " Com-
mend me to Seven shares and a half," as if some
individual at that period had engrossed as large a
proportion. Shakspeare, in Hamlet, speaks of " a whole
share " as a source of no contemptible emolument, and
of the owner of it as a person filling no inferior station
in "a cry of players." In Northward Ho! also, &
sharer is noticed with respect. Bellamont the poet
enters, and tells his servant, " Sirrah, I'll speak with
none:" on which the servant asks, " Not a player ? "
and his master replies :

" No, though a sharer bawl :
I'll speak with none, although it be the mouth
Of the big company."

The value of a share in any particular company would
depend upon the number of subdivisions, upon the
popularity of the body, upon the stock-plays belonging
to it, upon the extent of its wardrobe, and the nature
of its properties. — See Collier's English Dramatic
Poetry, vol. iii. p. 427.]

Maddens " Reflections and Resolutions proper
for the Gentlemen of Ireland." — This work, by
the Rev. Samuel Madden, was first published in
Dublin in 1738, and was reprinted at the expense
of the late Mr. Thomas Pleasants, in one vol. 8vo.,
pp. 224, Dub. 1816. I possess two copies of the
original edition, likewise in one vol. 8vo., pp. 237,
and I have seen about a dozen ; and yet I find in
the preface to the reprint the following para-
graph :

" The very curious and interesting work which is
now reprinted, and intended for a wide and gratuitous
circulation, is also of uncommon rarity ; there is not a
copy of it in the library of Trinity College, or in any
of the other public libraries of this city, which have
been searched on purpose. (One was purchased some

200

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

years ago for the library of the Royal Dublin Society,
if I mistake not, for 1/. 6s., or rather more.) The pro-
foundly learned Vice- Provost, Doctor Barrett, never
met with one ; and many gentlemen well skilled in the
literature of Ireland, who have been applied to for in-
formation on the subject, are even unacquainted with
the name of the book."

Of Dr. Madden, known as "Premium" Madden,
few memorials exist ; and yet he was a man of
-whom Johnson said, " His was a name Ireland
ought to honour." The book in question does
not appear to be of " uncommon rarity." Is it
considered by competent judges of " exceeding
-merit ? " I would be glad to know. Abhba.

[Probably, from this work having appeared anony-
-mously, it was unknown to the writers of his life in
Chalmers' and Rose's Biographical Dictionaries, as well
•as to Mr. Nichols, when he wrote his account of Dr.
Madden in his Literary Anecdotes, vol. ii. p. 32. A
volume containing the Reflections and Resolutions, to-
gether with the author's tragedy, Themistocles, 1 729,
and his tract, A Proposal for the General Encourage-
ment of Learning in Dublin College, 1 732, is in the
Grenville Collection in the British Museum. This
volume was presented by Dr. Madden to Philip, Earl
of Chesterfield, as appears from the following MS. note
on a fly-leaf: " To his Excellency the Right Hon.
Philip Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant of Ire-
land, these Tracts, writ (how meanly soever) with a
real zeal for the service of that country, are most
humbly presented by the author, his most obedient
humble servant."]

King Edward I. 's Arm. — Fuller, speaking of
the death and character of King Edward I., winds
up with these words :

" As the arm of King Edward I. was accounted the
measure of a yard, generally received in England ; so
his actions are an excellent model and a praiseworthy
platform for succeeding princes to imitate." — Church
History, b. Hi., a. d. 1 307.

Query, Is there historical proof of this state-
ment of " honest Tom ? " He gives no reference,
apparently considering the fact too well established
to require any. J. M. B.

[Ask that staunch and sturdy royalist, Peter Heylin,
whether Old Tom is not sometimes more facetious
than correct ; and whether, in the extract given above,
we should not read Richard I. for Edward I. In
Knyghton's Chronicle, lib. ir. cap. viii. sub Hen. I., we
find, " Mercatorum falsam ulnam castigavit adhibita
brachii sui mensura." See also William of Malms-
bury in Vita Hen. I., and Spelm. Hen. T. apud Wil-
kins, 299., who inform us, that a new standard of lon-
gitudinal measure was ascertained by Henry I., who
commanded that the ulna, or ancient ell, which answers
to the modern yard, should be made of the exact length
of his own arm.]

Elstob, Elizabeth. — Can any of your numerous
correspondents state where that celebrated Saxon

linguist, Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob, was buried ? In
Chambers's Biographical Illustrations of Worces-
tershire, she is said to have been buried at Saint
Margaret's, Westminster ; but after every inquiry,
made many years since of the then worthy church-
warden of the parish, our researches were in vain,
for there is no account of her sepulture in the
church or graveyard. J. B. Whitbotjrne.

[Most of the biographical notices of Mrs. Elizabeth
Elstob state that she was buried at St. Margaret's,
Westminster. We can only account for the name not
appearing in the register of that church, from her
having changed her name when she opened her school in
Worcestershire, as stated, on the authority of Mr. Geo.
Ballard, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iv. p. 714.
Ballard's Correspondence is in the Bodleian.]

Monumental Brasses in London. — Can any of
your correspondents favour me with a list of
churches in London, or within a mile of the same,
containing monumental brasses ? I know of St.
Helen's, Bishopsgate, only. J. W. Brown.

[As our young crypto-antiquary dates his letter from
Crosby Hall, he will probably find in its library the fol-
lowing works to assist him in his researches : — List
of Monumental Brasses in England ( Rivington), Manual
for the Study of Monumental Brasses (Parker), and
Sperling's Church Walks in Middlesex (Masters). Two
are noticed in Waller's Monumental Brasses, fob, 1842,
viz. Dr. Christopher Urswick, in Hackney Church,
A.n. 1521, and Andrew Evyngar and wife, in All-
Hallows Barking Church. If we mistake not, there
is one in St. Faith's, near St. Paul's.]

<RcpItc£.

RAPPING NO NOVELTY; AND TABLE-TCRNING.

(Vol. viii., pp. 512. 632.; Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88. 135.)

" There is a curious criminal process on record, ma-
nuscript 1770, noticed by Voltaire as in the library of
the King of France, which was founded upon a re-
markable set of visions said to have occurred to the
monks of Orleans.

" The illustrious house of St. Memin had been very
liberal to the convent, and had their family vault under
the church. The wife of a Lord of St. Memin, Provost
of Orleans, died, and was buried. The husband,
thinking that his ancestors had given more than enough
to the convent, sent the monks a present, which they
thought too small. They formed a plan to have her
body disinterred, and to force the widower to pay a
second fee for depositing it again in holy ground.

" The soul of the lady first appeared to two of the
brethren, and said to them, ' I am damned, like Judas,
because my husband has not given sufficient.' They
hoped to extort money for the repose of her soul. But
the husband said, • If she is really damned, all the
money in the world won't save her,' and gave them
nothing. Perceiving their mistake, they declared she
appeared again, saying she was in Purgatory, and de-

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

201

mantling to be disinterred. But this seemed a curious
request, and excited suspicion, for it was not likely that
a soul in purgatory would ask to have the body re-
moved from holy ground, neither had any in purgatory
ever been known to desire to be exhumed.

" The soul after this did not try speaking any more,
but haunted everybody in the convent and church.
Brother Peter of Arras adopted a very awkward
manner of conjuring it. He said to it, ' If thou art
the soul of the late Madame de St. Memin, strike four
knocks,' and the four knocks were struck. ' If thou
art damned, strike six knocks,' and the six knocks were
struck. ' If thou art still tormented in hell, because
thy body is buried in holy ground, knock six more
times,' and the six knocks were heard still more dis-
tinctly. ' If we disinter thy body, wilt thou be less
damned, certify to us by five knocks,' and the soul so
certified. This statement was signed by twenty-two
cordeliers. The father provincial asked the same
questions and received the same answers. The Lord
of St. Memin prosecuted the father cordeliers. Judges
were appointed. The general of the commission re-
quired that they should be burned ; but the sentence
only condemned them to make the ' amende honorable,'
with a torch in their bosom, and to be banished."

This sentence is of the 18th of February, 1535.
Vide Abbe Langlet's History of Appai-itions.

From the above extract, and from what your
correspondents Mr. Jardine and R. I. R. have
written, it is satisfactorily shown that rapping is
no novelty, having been known in England and
France some centuries ago. Mr. Jardine has
given us an instance in 1584, and leads us to sup-
pose that it was the earliest on record. I now
give one as early as 1534; and it would be inte-
resting to know if the monks of Orleans were the
first to have practised this imposition, and to have
been banished for their deception and fraud.

William Winthrop.

Malta.

In Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xxix. cap. i.
p. 552. of a Paris edition, 1681, two persons,
Patricius and Hilarius, charged with disseminat-
ing prophecies injurious to the Emperor Valens,
were brought before a court of justice, and a
tripod, which they were charged with using, was
also produced. Hilarius then made the following
acknowledgment :

" Construximus, magnifici judices, ad cortina? simi-
litudinem Delphicae, diris auspiciis, de laureis virgulis
iiifaustam banc mensulam quam videtis ; et impreca-
tionibus carminum secretorum, choragiisque multis ac
diuturnis ritualiter consecratam movimus tandem ; mo-
vendi autem, quoties super rebus arcanis consulebatur,
erat institutio talis. Collocabatur in medio domus
emaculata; odoribus Arabicis undique, lance rotunda
pure superposita, ex diversis metallicis materiis fabre-
facta; cujus in ambitu rotunditatis extremo elemento-
rum viginti quatuor scriptiles formae incisae perite,
dijungebantur spatiis examinate dimensis. Hac linteis
quidam indumentis amictus, calciatusque itidem linteis

soccis, torulo capiti circumflexo, verbenas felicis arboris
gestans, litato conceptis carminibus numine prajsci-
tionum auctore, cajrimoniali scientia perstitit ; corti-
nulls pensilem anulum librans, sartum ex carpathio filo
perquam levi, mysticis disciplinis initiatum : qui per
intervalla distincta retinentibus singulis litteris incidens
saltuatim, heroos efflcit versus interrogationibus con-
sonos, ad numeros et modos plene conclusos ; quales
leguntur Pythici, vel ex oraculis editi Branchidarum.
Ibi turn quaerentibus nobis, qui praesenti succedet im-
perio, quoniamomni parte expolitus fore memorabatur
et adsiliens anulus duas perstrinxerat syllabas, 0EO
cum adjectione litterae postrema, exclamavit prajsen-
tium quidem, Theodorum prasscribente fatal! necessi-
tate portendi."

In lib. xxxi. cap. ii. p. 621. of same edition, a
method of prognostication by the Alami is de-
scribed ; but there is no mention of tables there.
The historian only says :

" Rectiores virgas vimineas colligentes, casque cum
incantamentis quibusdam secretis praestituto tempore
discernentes, aperte quid portendatur norunt."

H. W.

The mention of table-turning by Ammianus
Marcellinus reminds me of a curious passage in
the Apologeticus of Tertullian, cap. xxiii., to which
I invite the attention of those interested in the
subject:

" Porro si et magi phantasmata edunt et jam de-
functorum infamant animas ; si pueros in eloquium
oraculi elidunt; si multa miracula circulatoriis pras-
stigiis ludunt ; si et somnia immittunt habentes semel
invitatorum angelorum et dajmonum assistentem sibi
potestatem, per quos et caprae et mensce divinare con-
sueverunt ; quanto magis," &c.

Here table divination by means of angels and
demons seems distinctly alluded to. How like
the modern system ! The context of this passage,
as well as the extract itself, will suggest singular
coincidence between modern and ancient preten-
sions of this class. B. H. C.

GENERAL WHITELOCKE.

(Vol.viii., pp.521. 621.)

Much interesting information concerning Ge-
neral Whitelocke, about whose conduct some
difference of opinion appears to exist, will be
found in the Rev. Erskine Neale's Risen from the
Ranks (London, Longmans, 1853); but neither
the date nor the place of his death is there given.
The reverend writer's account of the general's
conduct is not at all favourable. After alluding
to him as " a chief unequal to his position," he
says :

" John Whitelocke was born in the year 1759, and
received his early education in the Grammar School
at Marlborough. His father was steward to John,
fourth Earl of Aylesbury ; and the peer, in acknow-

202

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 227.

ledgment of the faithful services of his trusted de-
pendent, placed young Whitelocke at Lochee's Mili-
tary Academy, near Chelsea. There he remained till
1777, when, the Earl's friendly disposition remaining
in full force, and the youth's predilection for a military
career continuing unabated, an ensigncy was procured
him, through Lord Aylesbury's intervention, in the
14th regiment of Foot." — Risen from the Ranks,
p. 68.

Through the influence of his brother-in-law,
General Brownrigge, Whitelocke's promotion was
rapid ; and in 1807 he was gazetted commander-
in-chief of an expedition destined for the recap-
ture of Buenos Ayres. His conduct during this
expedition became the subject of a court-martial ;
he was found guilty, sentenced to be cashiered,
and declared to be " totally unfit to serve his Ma-
jesty in any military capacity whatever."

Judging from the evidence adduced, the con-
duct of the commander-in-chief was totally un-
worthy of the flag under which he served, and
highly calculated to arouse the indignation of the
men whom he commanded ; and for some consi-
derable time, whenever the soldiers met together
to take a friendly glass, the toast was, " Success
to grey hairs, but bad luck to White-locks ! " On
the whole, the Rev. E. Neale's account seems to
be quite impartial ; and most persons, after read-
ing the evidence of the general's extremely va-
cillating conduct, will be inclined to agree with
him in awarding this unfortunate officer the title
of the " Flincher- General at Buenos Ayres."

James Sfence Harry.

I have only just seen your correspondent's
Reply (Vol. ix., p. 87.) respecting General White-
locke. He is right in stating that the general re-
sided at Clifton : he might have added, as late as
1830 ; but he had previously, for a time, lived at
Butcombe Court, Somersetshire.

There is an anecdote still rife in the neighbour-
hood, that when Whitelocke came down to see the
house before taking it, he put up at an inn, and
after dinner asked the landlord to take a glass of
wine with him. Upon announcing, however, who
he was, the landlord started up and declared he
would not drink another glass with him, throwing
down at the same time the price of the bottle, that
he might not be indebted to the general.

Respecting the story of the flints, it is said that
he desired them to be taken out of the muskets,
wishing that the men should only use their bayo-
nets against the enemy. Ardelio.

I remember well that soon after the unsuccess-
ful attack of General Whitelocke upon Buenos
Ayres, it was stated that the flints had been taken
out of the muskets of some of our regiments be-
cause they were quite raw troops, and the General
thought that they might, from want of knowledge
and use of fire-arms, do more mischief to them-

selves than to the enemy, and that they had better
trust to the bayonet alone. The consequence was,
that when they entered the streets of the town,
they found no enemy in them to whom they could
apply the bayonet. The inhabitants and troops
were in the strong stone houses, and fired on and
killed our men with perfect impunity, as not a
shot could be fired in return : to surrender was
their only chance of life. A reference to a file of
newspapers of that date (which I am too lazy to
make myself) will show whether this was under-
stood at the time to be a fact or not. J. Ss.

In the Autobiography of B. Haydon (I think
vol. i.), he mentions that as he was passing through
Somersetshire on his way from Plymouth to
London, he saw General Whitelocke. A reference
to the passage may interest G. L. S.

W. Denton.

The following charade was in vogue at the time
of Whitelocke's death :

" My first is an emblem of purity ;
My second is that of security ;
My whole forms a name
Which, if yours were the same,
You would blush to hand down to posterity."

J. Y.

"man proposes, but god disposes."
(Vol. viii., p. 552. ; Vol. ix., p. 87.)

1. If your correspondent H. P. will again ex-
amine my communication on this subject, he will
find that I have not overlooked the view which
attributes the De Imitatione to John Gerson, but
have expressly referred to it.

2. If Gerson was the author, this will not prove
that in quoting the proverb in question, Piers
Ploughman quoted from the De Imitatione, as
H. P. supposes. The dates which I gave will
show this. The Vision was written about
a.d. 1362, whereas, according to Du Pin, John
Gerson was born December 14, 1363, took a pro-
minent part in the Council of Constance, 1414,
and died in 1429. Of the Latin writers of the
fifteenth century, Mosheim says :

" At their head we may justly place John Gerson,
Chancellor of the University of Paris, the most illus-
trious ornament that this age can boast of, a man of
great influence and authority, whom the Council of
Constance looked upon as its oracle, the lovers of
liberty as their patron, and whose memory is yet pre-
cious to such among the French clergy as are at all
zealous for the maintenance of their privileges against
papal despotism." — Ecc. Hist, cent. xv. ch. ii. sec. 24.

3. Gerson was not a Benedictine monk, but a
Parisian cure, and Canon of Notre Dame :

" He was made curate (cure, parson or rector) of
St. John's, in Greve, on the 29th of March, 1408, and

Mae. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

203

continued so to 1413, when in a sedition raised by the
partizans of the Duke of Burgundy, his house was
plundered by the mob, and he obliged to fly into the
church of Notre Dame, where he continued for some
time concealed." — Du Pin, History of the Church,
cent. xv. ch. viii.

It is said that the treatise in question first ap-
peared —

" Appended to a MS. of Gerson's De Consolatione
Theologiae, dated 1421. This gave rise to the suppo-
sition that he was the real author of that celebrated
work ; and indeed it is a very doubtful point whether
this opinion is true or not, there being several high
authorities which ascribe to him the authorship of
that book." — Knight's Penny Cyclopaedia, vol. vi.
art. " Gerson."

Was there then another John Gerson, a monk,
and Abbot of St. Stephen, between 1200 and
1240, to whom, as well as to the above, the
De Imitatione has been ascribed ? This, though
not impossible, appears extremely improbable.
Is H. P. prepared with evidence to prove it ?

Du Pin, in the chapter above quoted, farther
says, in speaking of the De Imitatione Christi :

" The style is pretty much like that of the other
devotional books of Thomas a Kempis. Nevertheless,
in his life-time it was attributed to St. Bernard and
Gerson. The latter was most commonly esteemed the
author of it in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Afterwards some MSS. of it were found in Italy,
where it is attributed to one Gerson or Gessen, to
whom is given the title of abbot. Perhaps Gersen or
Gessen are only corruptions of the name of Gerson.
Notwithstanding, there are two things which will
hardly let us believe that this was Gerson's book ; one,
that the author calls himself a monk, the other, that
the style is very different from that of the Chancellor
of Paris. All this makes it difficult to decide to which
of these three authors it belongs. We must leave
Thomas a Kempis in possession of what is attributed
to him, without deciding positively in his favour."

J. W. Thomas.
Dewsbury.

This saying is quoted twice, as follows, in The
Chronicle of Battel Abbey from 1066 to 1177,
translated by Mr. Lower, 8vo., London, 1851 :

" Thus, ' Man proposes, but God disposes,' for he was
not permitted to carry that resolution into effect." —
P. 27.

"But, as the Scripture saith, 'Man proposes, but
God disposes,' so Christ suffered not His Church to
want its ancient and rightful privileges." — P. 83.

Mr. Lower says in his Preface, p. x. :

" Of the identity of the author nothing certain can
be inferred, beyond the bare fact of his having been a
monk of Battel. A few passages would almost incline
one to believe that Abbot Odo, who was living at the
date of the last events narrated in the work, and who is
known to have been a literary character of some emi-

nence, was the writer of at least some portions of the
volume."

It is stated at the beginning to be in part derived
from early documents and traditional statements.

E. J. M.
Hastings.

NAPOLEON S SPELLING.

(Vol. viii., pp. 386. 502.)

The question as to Napoleon's spelling may
seem, at first sight, to be one of little importance ;
and yet, if we will look at it aright, we shall find
that it involves many points of interest for the
philosopher and the historian. During a residence
of some years in France, I had heard it remarked,
more than once, by persons who appeared hostile
to the Napoleon dynasty, that its great founder
had, in his bulletins and other public documents,
shown an unaccountable ignorance of the common
rules of orthography : but I had never seen the
assertion put forth by any competent writer until
I met with the remarks of Macaulay, already
quoted by me, Vol. viii., p. 386.

In reply to my inquiry as to the authority for
this statement, your correspondent C. has readily
and kindly furnished a passage from Bourrienne's
Memoires, in which it is alleged that Napoleon's
"orthographe est en general extraordinairement
estropiee"

From all this it must be taken for granted, as,
indeed, it has never been denied, that Napoleon's
spelling is defective ; but the question to be con-
sidered is, whether that defectiveness was the effect
of ignorance or of design. That it did not arise
from ignorance would seem probable for the fol-
lowing reasons.

Napoleon received his education chiefly in
France ; and it is to be presumed that the degree
of instruction in grammar, orthography, &c, ordi-
narily bestowed on educated Frenchmen, was not
withheld from him.

To say the least of it, he was endued with suffi-
cient intelligence to acquire an ordinary know-
ledge of such matters.

Nay more : he was a man of the highest order
of genius. Between the possession of genius, and
a knowledge of orthography, there is, I admit, no
necessary connexion. The humblest pedagogue
may be able to spell more correctly than the
greatest philosopher. But neither, on the other
hand, does genius of any kind necessarily preclude
a knowledge of spelling.

While still a young man, Napoleon wrote several
works in French, such as the Souper de Beaucaire,
the Memoire sur la Culture du Murier, &c. Some
of the manuscripts of these writings must be still
extant ; and a comparison of the spelling of his
unpretending youth, with that of his aspiring

204

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

manhood, would show at once whether the " ortho-
graphe extraordinaire ment eslropiee " of his later
productions was the result of habit or design.

The orthography of the French language is
peculiarly intricate ; and it is no uncommon thing
to meet with educated men in that country who
are unable to spell with accuracy. That Napoleon
may have been in a similar predicament, would
not be surprising; but that it should be said of
the most extraordinary man of the age, that his
spelling is extraordinairement estropiee, seems in-
explicable upon any fair supposition, except that
he accounted the rules of spelling unworthy the
attention of any but copyists and office drudges ;
or (which is more probable) that he wished this
extraordinary spelling to be received as an indi-
cation of the great rapidity with which he could
commit his thoughts to paper. Henry H. Breen.

MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.

(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549. ; Vol. ix., p. 3.)

There appearing to be a strong feeling that
a correct edition of these Memoirs should be
published, with the present inaccurate notes
thoroughly revised, I send you a few notes from
a collection I have made on the subject.

The proper orthography of the name is " Gra-
mont," and the family probably originally came
from Spain. Matta's friend, the Marquis de Se-
vantes, asserts the fact ; and it is corroborated by
the fact, that on the occasion of the Marshal de
Grammont's demanding the hand of the Infanta
Maria Theresa for Louis XIV., the people cried,
*' Viva el Marescal de Agramont, que es de nues-
trovsangue !" And the King of Spain said to the
Marshal after the presentation of his sons, the
Counts de Guiche and De Louvigny, " Teneis
Muy Buenos y lindos hijos y bien se hecha de ver
que los Agramonteses salen de la sangue de
Espana."

The Grammont family had been so enriched
and ennobled by its repeated marriages with the
heiresses of great families, that, like many noble
houses of our own times, members of it hardly
knew their own correct surname : thus, in the
famous declaration of the parliament of Paris
against the Peers in 1717, on the subject of the
Caps, it was said :

" The Grammonts have determined on their armorial
bearings, and hold to those of the house of Aure. The
Count de Grammont said one day to the Marshal,
What arms shall we use this year?"

The Grammonts in the male line are descended
from Sancho Garcia dAure, Viscount de l'Ar-
boust. Menaud d'Aure, his lineal representative,
married Claire de Grammont, sister and heiress of
Jean, Seigneur de Grammont, and daughter of

Francis, Seigneur de Grammont, and Catherine
d'Andoins his wife.

Menaud d'Aure is the ancestor who is disguised
in the Memoirs as "Menaudaure" and " Meno-
dore;" and in the notes, coupled with "la belle
Corisande," they are styled two of the ancestresses
of the family celebrated for their beauty.

Philibert, who was styled Philibert de Gram-
mont and de Toulongeon, Count de Grammont
and de Guiche, Viscount d'Aster, Captain of fifty
men at arms, Governor and Mayor of Bayonne,
Seneschal of Bearne, married on Aug. 7, 1567,
Diana, better known as " La belle Corisande"
d'Andouins, Viscountess de Louvigny, Dame de
Lescun, the only daughter of Paul Viscount de
Louvigny ; who, although a Huguenot, was killed
at the siege of Rouen, fighting under the com-
mand of the Duke de Guise. They had two
children : Antoine, subsequently the first duke,
and Catherine, who married Francois Nompar de
Chaumont, Count de Lauzun, the ancestor of the
celebrated Duke de Lauzun, who was first intro-
duced at court by his relative the Marshal de
Grammont.

This Philibert, Count de Grammont, was killed
at the siege of La Fere in Aug. 1580. The con-
nexion between his widow, the fair Corisande, and
Henry IV., was subsequent to the Count's death.

The Duchy Peerage was created on Dec. 13,
1643. Antoine, the first duke, married, firstly, on
Sept. 1, 1601, Louise, eldest daughter of the Mar-
shal de Roquelaure ; she died in 1610, leaving
Antoine, subsequently the Marshal Duke de
Grammont, and Roger, Count de Louvigny, killed
in a duel in Flanders on March 18, 1629. The
Duke de Grammont married, secondly, on March
29, 1618, Claude, eldest daughter of Louis de
Montmorency, Baron de Boutteville ; and had
Henri, Count de Toulongeon, who died unmarried
on Sept. 1, 1679; Philibert, the celebrated Cheva-
lier de Grammont, who was born in 1621 ; and
three daughters.

The Marshal de Grammont was one of the most
celebrated men of the court of Louis XIV. : he
was a favourite both of Richelieu and Mazarin,
and married a niece of the former ; and, as a wit,
was not inferior to his brother the Chevalier. He
sided with the Court during the wars of the
Fronde ; whilst the Chevalier in the first instance
joined the Prince of Conde, probably from their
mutual connexion with the Montmorency family.
The Marshal died at Bayonne, on July 12, 1678,
aged seventy-four years, leaving four children, of
whom the Count de Guiche and the Princess de
Monaco are well known.

The Chevalier de Grammont received his outfit
from his mother, and joined the army under Prince
Thomas of Savoy, then besieging Trin in Pied-
mont, which was taken on Sept. 24, 1643. The
notes to the Memoirs say May 4, 1639; but that

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

205

was a former siege by the French, then under the
command of the Cardinal de la Vallette.

Probably this will be as much as you can afford
space for at present, and I will therefore reserve
any farther communications for a future Number.

W. H. Lammin.

Fulham.

THE MYRTLE BEE.

(Vol. viii., p. 593.)

Ere venturing an opinion as to the exact size of
the above, as compared with the Golden-crested
Wren, I should much like to ascertain where I
am likely to meet with a faithful specimen of the
latter ? The Myrtle Bee is about half the size of
the common Wren, certainly not larger : and I
always took it for granted, the bird derived its
name from its diminutiveness and the cover it
frequented. I cannot say the bird was generally
known in the neighbourhood, having only met
with it when in company with sportsmen, in a de-
scription of country little frequented by others.
I originally obtained the name when a boy from a
deceased parent whom I accompanied out shoot-
ing ; and for a succession of years the bird was
familiar to me, in fact, to all sportsmen of that
period who shot over the immediate locality ; we
all knew it, although its name was seldom men-
tioned. In fact, it never induced a thought be-
yond— "Confound the bees, how they bother the
dogs" — or some such expression. I am unac-
quainted with the Dartford Warbler {Sylvia pro-
vincialis, Gmel.) ; but the description as quoted
by Mr. Salmon from Yarrell's Hist, of British
Birds, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. et seq., differs from the
Myrtle Bee. The Warbler is said to haunt and
build among furze on commons, and flies with
jerks ; whereas I never met with the Myrtle Bee
among furze, neither does it fly with jerks : on the
contrary, its short fljght is rapid, steady, and
direct. The description of the Warbler appears
to agree with a small bird well known here as the
Furze Chat, but which is out of all proportion as
compared with the Myrtle Bee.

As regards the Query touching the possibility
of my memory being treacherous respecting the
colour of the bird, after a lapse of twenty-five
years, more faith will be placed therein on my
stating that I am an old fly-fisher, making my
own flies p and that no strange bird ever came
to hand without undergoing a searching scrutiny
as to colour and texture of the feathers, with the
view of converting it to fishing purposes. No such
use could be made of the Bee. In a former Num-
ber I described the tongue of the Myrtle Bee as
round, sharp, and pointed at the end, appearing
capable of penetration. I beg to say that I was
solely indebted to accident in being able to do so,

viz. the tongue protruded beyond the point of the
bill, owing to the pressure it received in my dog's
mouth ; the dog having brought it out enveloped
in dead grass, from the foot of the myrtle bush.

Charles Brown.

CELTIC ETYMOLOGY.

(Vol.ix., p. 136.)

Mr. Crossley seems to confine the word Celtic
to the Irish branch of that dialect. My notion of
the woi'ds iosal and iriosal is taken from the
Highland Gaelic, and the authorised version of
the Bible in that language. Let Celtic scholars,
who look to the sense of words in the four spoken
languages, decide between us. There can be no
doubt of the meaning of the two words in the
Gaelic of Job v. 1 1 . and Ps. iv. 6. In Welsh, and
(I believe) in bas-Breton, there is no word similar
to uim or umhal, in the senses of humus and hu-
milis, to be found. In Gaelic uir is more common
than uim, and talamh more common than either in
the sense of humus ; and in that of humble, iosal
and iriosal are much more common than umhal.

It is certain that Latin was introduced into
Ireland before it reached the Highlands, and
Christianity with it ; and therefore, as this word
is not found in one branch of the Celtic at all, and
is not a very common word in another, it is not
unreasonable to suppose that it is of Latin origin.
The sense which Mr. Crossley declares to be the
only sense of iosal and iriosal, is precisely that
which is the nearest to the original meaning of
loiv, and low as the earth; and this is also the sense
which humilis always bears in classical Latin,
though Christianity (which first recognised hu-
mility as a virtue, instead of stigmatising it as a
meanness) attached to it the sense which its de-
rivatives in all modern Romance languages, with
the exception of Italian, exclusively bear.

Now Mr. Crossley has omitted to notice the
fact that umhal in Gaelic, and, I believe, umal in
Irish, have not the intermediate sense of low and
cringing, but only the Christian sense of humble,
as a virtuous attribute. It seems natural that if
uim and umal were radical words, the latter would
bear the same relation to uim, in every respect,
which humilis does to humus, its supposed deriva-
tive. But unless humus be derived from x^A""
(the root of xe^v *nd x^^s), how does Mr.
Crossley account for the h, which had a sound in
Latin as well as horror and hostilis, both of which
retain the aspirate in English, though they lose it
in French ? If Mr. Crossley will tell me why
horreur and hostile have no aspirate in French, I
will tell him why heir, honour, and humour have
none in English, though humid (which is as closely
connected with humour, as humidus is with humor)
retains the aspirate.

206

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

These Celtic etymologies, however, though
amusing, do not touch the main point, which is
simply this : the usual mode of pronouncing the
word humble in good English society. What that
is, seems to be so satisfactorily shown by your cor-
respondent S. G. C, Vol. viii., p. 393., that all
farther argument on the subject would be super-
fluous. • E. C. H.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Improvements in the Albumenized Process. — Your
expectation of being soon able to announce the
successful manufacture of a new negative calotype
paper, will, I am sure, be gladly received by many
photographers, and especially by those who, like me,
have been subjected to much disappointment with
Turner's paper. For one sheet that has turned out
well, at least half-a-dozen have proved useless from
spottiness, and some sheets do not take the iodizing
solution evenly, from an apparent want of uniformity
in the texture of the paper, which causes the solution
to penetrate portions the moment it is laid on the
solution. Undoubtedly, when it does succeed, it is
superior to Whatman's, but this is not enough to com-
pensate for its extreme uncertainty.

In Dr. Diamond's directions for the calotype, he
gave a formula for the addition of bromide of potassium
to the iodide of potassium, but did not speak with
much certainty as to the proportions. Will he kindly
say whether he has made farther trials ; and if so,
whether they confirm the proportions given by him, or
have led him to adopt any change in this respect?
and will he likewise say whether the iodizing solution
which he recommends for Turner's paper, is suitable
also to Whatman's ?

In albumenizing paper, I have not found it desirable
to remove the paper very slowly from the solution.
Whenever I have done so, it has invariably dried with
waves and streaks, which quite spoiled the sheet. A
steady motion, neither too slow nor too quick, I have
found succeed perfectly, so that I now never spoil a
sheet. I have used the solution with less albumen
than recommended by Dr. Diamond. My formula
has been, —

Albumen - - - - 8 oz.

Water - - - - - 12 oz.

Muriate ammon. - - - 60 grs.

Common salt - - - - 60 grs.

And this, I find, gives a sufficient gloss to the paper ;
but that of course is a matter of taste.

I have not either found it essential \o allow the
paper to remain on the solution three minutes or
longer, as recommended by Dr. Diamond. With
Canson paper, either negative or positive, a minute and
a half has been sufficient. I have used two dishes,
and as soon as a sheet was removed, drained, and re-
placed, I have taken the sheet from the other dish.
In this way I found that each sheet lay on the solution
about one and a half minutes, and with the assistance
of a person to hang and dry them (which I have done
before a fire), I have prepared from forty to forty-five

sheets in an hour, requiring of course to be ironed
afterwards.

I have tried a solution of nitrate of silver of thirty
grains to one ounce of distilled water, to excite thin
paper, and it appears to answer just as well as forty
grains. I send you two small collodion views, taken
by me and printed on albumenized paper prepared as
mentioned, and excited with a 30-grain solution of
nitrate of silver.

Is there any certain way of telling the right side of
Canson paper, negative and positive? On the positive
paper on one side, when held in a particular position
towards the light, shaded bars may be observed ; and
on this side, when looked through, the name reads right.
Is this the right or the wrong side ? C. E. F.

Since I wrote to you last, I have tried a solution
of twenty grains only of nitrate of silver to the ounce
of distilled water, for the paper albumenized, as men-
tioned in my letter of the 1 3th of February, and have
found it to answer perfectly. The paper I used was
thin Canson, floated for one minute exactly on the so-
lution ; but I have no doubt the thick Canson will
succeed just as well ; and here I may observe that I
have never found any advantage in allowing the paper
to rest on the solution for three or four minutes, as
generally recommended, but the contrary, as the paper,
without being in the least more sensitive, becomes
much sooner discoloured by keeping. My practice
has been to float the thin Canson about half a minute,
and the thick Canson not more than a minute.

C. E. F.

Mr. Crookes on restoring old Collodion. — I am happy
to explain to your correspondent what I consider to be
the rationale of the process.

The colour which iodized collodion assumes on
keeping, I consider to be entirely due to the gradual
separation of iodine from the iodide of potassium or
ammonium originally introduced. There are several
ways in which this may take place ; if the cotton or
paper contain the slightest trace of nitric acid, owing
to its not being thoroughly washed (and this is not so
easy as is generally supposed), the liberation of iodine
in the collodion is certain to take place a short time
after its being made.

It is possible also that there may be a gradual de-
composition of the zyloidin itself, and consequent li-
beration of the iodide by this means, with formation of
nitrate of potassa or ammonia ; but the most probable
cause I consider to be the following. The ether gra-
dually absorbs oxygen from the atmosphere, being
converted into acetic acid ; this, by its superior affi-
nities, reacts on the iodide present, converting it into
acetate, with liberation of hydriodic acid ; while this
latter, under the influence of the atmospheric oxygen,
is very rapidly converted into water and iodine.

I am satisfied by experiment that this is one of the
causes of the separation of iodine, and I think it is the
only one, for the following reason ; neither bromised
nor chlorised collodion undergo the slightest change of
colour, however long they may be kept. Now, if the
former agencies were at work, there is no reason why
bromine should not be liberated from a bromide as
well as iodine from an iodide ; but on the latter suppo-

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

207

sition, no change could take place, the affinities of acetic
acid being insufficient to displace hydrobromic acid.

A great many experiments which I tried last au-
tumn, for the express purpose of clearing up this point,
have convinced me that, cceteris paribus, the addition of
free iodine to the iodizing solution, tends to diminish
the sensitiveness of the subsequently formed iodide of
silver. On paper, this diminution of sensitiveness is
attended with some advantages, so that at present I
hardly know whether to introduce the free iodine or
not ; but in collodion, as far as my experience goes, I
see no reason for retaining it ; on the contrary, every-
thing seems to be in favour of its removal.

I can hardly imagine that the increased sensitiveness
mentioned by Mr. Hennah is really due to the free
iodine which he introduces. Such a result being so
contrary to all my experience, I would venture to
suggest that there must be some other cause for its
beneficial action ; for instance, commercial iodide of
potassium is generally alkaline, owing to impurities
present ; the tincture of iodine in this case would
render the collodion neutral, and unless a very large
excess of iodine were introduced, its good effects would
be very apparent. This, however, involving the em-
ployment of impure chemicals, is a very improbable ex-
planation of a phenomenon observed by so excellent an
operator as Mr. Hennah : there is most likely some
local cause which would be overlooked unless expressly
searched for.

With regard to the point, whether the free iodine is
the sole cause of the deterioration of old collodion, I
should say decidedly not, at least in a theoretical view ;
the liberation of free iodine necessitates some other
changes in the collodion, and the result must be in-
fluenced by these in one way or another, but prac-
tically I have as yet found nothing to warrant the
supposition that they perceptibly interfere with the
sensitiveness of the film.

In the above I have endeavoured as much as pos-
sible to avoid technicalities, in order to make it intel-
ligible to amateurs ; but if there be any part which
may be considered obscure, on its being pointed out to
me, I will endeavour to solve the difficulty.

William Crookes,

Hammersmith.

Photographic Queries. — 1. Would you, Sir, or Dr.
Diamond (Dr. Mansell is too far off), be kind
enough to inform your readers whether Dr. Mansell's
process, recommended in No. 225., is equally appli-
cable to inland as to sea-side operations ; or must we,
in the one case, follow Dr. Diamond, and in the other
Dr. Mansell, and thus be compelled to prepare two
sets of papers ?

2. Dr. Mansell recommends, as a test for the
iodized paper, a strong solution of bichloride of mer-
cury ; may we ask how strong ?

3. Mr. Sisson's developing fluid has undergone so
many changes, and has been so much written about,
that we are at a loss to discover or to determine
whether it has been at length settled, in the mind of
the inventor, that it will do equally well for negatives
as for positives. Four Photographic Readers.

[1. Both papers are equally available for both pur-

poses. In actual practice we have not ourselves ex-
perienced any difference in their results.

2. It is quite immaterial. A drachm of bichloride
dissolved in one ounce of spirits of wine will cause a
cloudiness and a precipitate, if a very few drops are
added to the tested water.

3. In general the salts of iron are more adapted for
positives, and weak pyrogallic acid solutions for nega-
tives ; say one and a half grain of pyrogallic acid,
twenty minims of glacial acetic acid, and an ounce of
distilled water.]

3SUpItej> to fflinav <®utvtt&.

London Fortifications (Vol. ix., p. 174.). — In
last week's Number is an inquiry as to " London
Fortifications" in the time of the Commonwealth.

There is a Map by Vertue, dated 1738, in a
folio History of London; there is one a trifle
smaller, copied from the above ; also one with
page of description, Gentleman's Magazine, June,
1749. I subscribed to a set of twenty etchings,
published last year by Mr. P. Thompson of the
New Road; they are very curious, being fac-
similes of a set of drawings done by a Capt. John
Eyre of Oliver Cromwell's own regiment, dated
1643. The drawings are now I believe in the
possession of the City of London.

A Constant Reader.

[The drawings referred to by our correspondent are,
we hear, by competent judges regarded as not genuine.
Such also, we are told, is the opinion given of many
drawings ascribed to Hollar and Captain John Eyre,
which have been purchased by a gentleman of our
acquaintance, and submitted by him to persons most
conversant with such drawings. Query, Are the
drawings purporting to be by Captain John Eyre,
drawings of the period at which they are dated?]

Burke's Domestic Correspondence (Vol. ix.,
p. 9.). — In reference to a Query in " N. & Q."
relative to unpublished documents respecting Ed-
mund Burke, I beg to inform your correspondent
N. O. that I have no doubt but that some new
light might be thrown on the subject by an appli-
cation to Mr. George Shackleton, Ballitore, a de-
scendant of Abraham Shackleton, Burke's old
schoolmaster, who I believe has a quantity of
letters written to his old master Abraham, and
also to his son Richard, who had Burke for a
schoolfellow, and continued the friendship after-
wards, both by writing and personally. When
Richard attended yearly meetings in London, he
was always a guest at Beaconsfield. Burke was
so much attached to Richard, that on one of
these visits he caused Shackleton's portrait to be
painted and presented it to him, and it is now in
the possession of the above family. I have no
doubt but that an application to the above gentle-
man would produce some testimony. F. H.

208

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

Battle of Villers-en-Couche (Vol. viii. passim).
— A good account of this celebrated engagement,
with several authentic documents relating to what
happened on the occasion, will be found in that
very interesting little work, Risen from the Ranks,
by the Rev. E. Neale (London, Longmans, 1853).
James Spence Harry.

" I could not love thee, dear, so much " (Vol. ix.,
p. 125.). — These lines are from an exquisite mor-
ceau entitled To Lucasta, on going to the Wars, by
the gay, gallant, and ill-fated cavalier, Richard
Lovelace, whose undying loyalty and love, and
whose life, and every line that he wrote, are all
redolent of the best days of chivalry. They are
to be found in a 12mo. volume, Lucasta, London,
1649. The entire piece is so short, that I venture
to subjoin it :

" Tell me not, sweet, I am unkinde,
That from the nunnerie
Of thy chaste breast and quiet minde,
To warre and armes I flie.

" True, a new mistresse now I chase,
The first foe in the field ;
And with a stronger faith imbrace
A sword, a horse, a shield.

" Yet this inconstancy is such,
As you too shall adore ;
I could not love thee, deare, so much,
Loved I not honour more."

To the honour of Kent be it remembered that
Lovelace was Cantianus.

[We are also indebted for Replies to E. L. Holt
"White, Geo. E. Frere, E. C. H., J. K. R. W., H. J.
Raines, M.D., F. J. Scott, W. J. B. Smith, E. S. T. T.,
C. B. E., F. E. E., &c. * Lovelace (says Wood) made
his amours to a gentlewoman of great beauty and
fortune, named Lucy Sacheverel, whom lie usually
called Lux casta ; but she, upon a strong report that
he was dead of his wound received at Dunkirk (where
he had brought a regiment for the service of the French
ting), soon after married." — Wood's Athence Oxoni-
enses, vol. iii. p. 462. j

Sir Charles Cotterell (Vol. viii., p. 564.). — Sir
Charles Cotterell, the translator of Cassandra, was
Master of the Ceremonies to Charles II. ; which
office he resigned to his son in 1686, and died
about 1687. I cannot say where he was buried.
I am in possession of a copy of —

" The Memorialls of Margaret de Valoys, first Wife
to Henry the Fourth, King of France and Navarre ;
compiled in French by her own most delicate and
Royal Hand, and translated into English by Robert
Codrington, Master of Arts : London, printed by
R. H. 1661."

It is dedicated to " To the true lover of all good
learning, the truly honourable Sir Charles Cot-
terell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies," &c.
On the fly-leaf of it is written, " Frances Cottrell,

her booke, given by my honor'd grandfather Sir
Cha. Cottrell." This edition is not mentioned by
Lowndes ; he only speaks of one of the date of
1662, with a title slightly different. C— S. T. P.

Muffins and Crumpets (Vol. ix., p. 77.). — Crum-
pet, according to Todd's Johnson, is derived from
A.-S. cnompeht, which Boswell explains, " full of
crumples, wrinkled." Perhaps muffin is derived
from, or connected with, the following :

" Moffi.et. Moffletus. Mofletus Panis delicatioris
species, qui diatim distribui solet Canonicis praeben-
dariis ; Tolosatibus Pain Movfflet, quasi Pain molet
dictus ; forte quod ejusmodi panes singulis diebus
coquantur, atque recentes et teneri distribuantur." —
Du Cange.

The latter part of the description is very appli-
cable to this article.

Under Panes Prabendarii, Du Cange says,
"Innoc. Cironus observat ejusmodi panes Pra>
bendarios dici, et in Tolosano tractu Moufflets
appellari." (See " N. & Q ," Vol. i., pp. 173. 205.
253.) Zeus.

Todd, for the derivation of crumpet, gives the
Saxon cnompehc. To crump is to eat a hard cake
(Halliwell's Archaisms). Perhaps its usual ac-
companiment on the tea-table may be indebted
for its name to its muff-like softness to the touch
before toasting. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

" Clunk" (Vol. viii., p. 65.). — The Scotch, and
English, clunk must have different meanings : for
Jamieson defines the verb to clunk " to emit a
hollow and interrupted sound, as that proceeding
from any liquid confined in a cask, when shaken,
if the cask be not full ; " and to guggle, as a
"straight-necked bottle, when it is emptying ;" and
yet I am inclined to believe that the word also
signifies to swallow, as in England. In the humo-
rous ballad of " Rise up and bar the door," clunk
seems to be used in the sense of to swallow :
" And first they eat the white puddins, and than they

eat the black ;
The gudeman said within himsel, the Deil clunk

ower ai that."
That is, may you swallow the devil with the black
puddings, they perhaps being the best to the good
man's taste. True, I have seen the word printed
" clink," instead of clunk in this song ; but errone-
ously I think, as there is no signification of clink
in Jamieson that could be appropriately used by
the man who saw his favourite puddings devoured
before his face. To clink, means to " beat smartly,"
to " rivet the point of a nail," to " propagate scan-
dal, or any rumour quickly ;" none of which signi-
fications could be substituted for clunk in the ballad.

Henry Stephens.

Picts1 Houses (Vol. viii., p. 392.). — Such build-
ings underground as those described as Picts'

Mar. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

209

houses, were not uncommon on the borders of the
Tweed. A number of them, apparently con-
structed as described, were discovered in a field
on the farm of Whitsome Hill, Berwickshire, about
forty years ago. They were supposed to have
been made for the detention of prisoners taken in
the frays during the Border feuds : and afterwards
they were employed to conceal spirits, smuggled
either across the Border, or from abroad.

Henry Stephens.

Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., p. 10.). — The tailless
cats are still procurable in the Isle of Man, though
many an unfortunate pussey with the tail cut off
is palmed off as genuine on the unwary. The
real tailless breed are rather longer in the hind
legs than the ordinary cat, and grow to a large
size. P. P.

Though not a Manx man by birth, I can assure
your correspondent Shirley Hibberd, that there
is not only a species of tailless cats in the Isle of
Man, but also of tailless barn-door fowls. I be-
lieve the latter are also to be found in Malta.

E. P. Paling.

Chorley.

" Cock-and-bull story" (Vol. v., pp. 414. 447.).—
Dr. Maitland, in his somewhat sarcastic remarks
respecting " cock-and-bull stories," extracted from
Mr. Faber's work, has, no doubt, given a true
account of the " cock on the church steeple, as
being symbolical of a doctor or teacher." Still I
cannot see that this at all explains the expression
of a " cock-and-bull story." Will Dr. Maitland
be so good as to enlighten me on this point ?

I. R. R.

Market Crosses (Vol. v., p. 511.). — Does not
the marriage at the market cross allude simply to
the civil marriages in the time of the Common-
wealth, not alluding to any religious edifice at all ?
An inspection of many parish registers of that
period will, I think, prove this. I. R. R.

"Largesse" (Vol. v., p. 557.). — The word
largesse is not peculiar to Northamptonshire : I
well remember it used in Essex at harvest-time,
being shouted out at such time through the vil-
lage to ask for a gift, as I always understood.
A. B. may be referred to 3farmion, Canto i.
note 10. I. R. R.

AwJacard, Awart, Await (Vol. viii., p. 310.). —
When fat sheep roll over upon their backs, and
cannot get up of themselves, they are said to be
lying awkward, in some places await, and in others
awart. Is awkward, in this sense, the same word
as that treated by H. C. K. ? S.

Morgan Odoherty (Vol. viii., p. 11.). — In re-
ference to the remarks of Mr. J. S. Warden on
the Morgan Odoherty of Blackwood's Magazine,

I had imagined it was very generally known by
literary men that that nom de guerre was assumed
by the late Captain Hamilton, author of the Annals
of the Peninsular Campaigns, and other works;
and brother of Sir William Hamilton, Professor of
Logic in the University of Edinburgh. I had
never heard, until mentioned by Mr. Warden,
that Dr. Maginn was ever identified with that
name. S.

Black Rat (Vol. vii., p. 206.). — In reply to the
question of Mr. Shirley Hibberd, whether the
original rat of this country is still in existence, I
may mention, that in the agricultural districts of
Forfarshire, the Black Rat (Mus ratlus) was in,
existence a few years ago. On pulling down the
remains of an old farm-steading in 1823, after the
building of a new one, they were there so nume-
rous, that a greyhound I had destroyed no fewer
than seventy-seven of them in the course of a
couple of hours. Having used precautions against
their lodgment in the new steading, under the
floors, and on the tops of the party walls, they
were effectually banished from the farm.

Henry Stephen?.

Blue Bells of Scotland (Vol. viii., p. 388.). —
Your correspondent 86F. of Philadelphia is in
error in supposing that the beautiful song, " Blue
Bells of Scotland," has any reference to bells
painted blue. That charming melody refers to a
very common pretty flower in Scotland, the Cam-
panida latifolia of Linnaeus, the flowers of which
are drooping and bell-shaped, and of a blue colour.

Henry Stephens.

Grammars, Sfc. for Public Scliools (Vol. ix.,
p. 8., &c). — Pray add to the list a Latin gram-
mar, under the title of The Common Accidence
Improved, by the Rev. Edward Owen, Rector of
Warrington, and for fifty years Master of the
Grammar School founded in that town, under the
will of Sir Thomas Boteler, on April 27, 1526. I
believe it was first published in 1770, but the copy
now before me is of an edition printed in 1800;
and the Preface contains a promise (I know not
whether afterwards fulfilled) of the early publi-
cation of the rules, versified on the plan of Busbey
and Ruddiman, under the title of Elementa Latina
Metrica. J. F. M.

Warville (Vol. viii., p. 516.). — As regards the
letter W, there is a distinction to be made between
proper names and other words in the French lan-
guage. The exclusion of that letter from the
alphabet is sufficient proof that there are no
words of French origin that begin with it ; but
the proper names in which it figures are common
enough in recent times. Of these, the greater
number have been imported from the neighbour-
ing countries of Germany, Switzerland, and

210

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

Belgium : and some too are of local origin or
formation.

In the latter category is the name of Warville,
which is derived from Ouarville, near Chartres,
where Brissot was born in 1754. Between the
French ouar and our " war," there is a close simi-
larity of sound; and in the spirit of innovation,
which characterised the age of Brissot, the transi-
tion was a matter of easy accomplishment. Hence
the nom de guerre of Warville, by which he was
known to his cotemporaries. Hbnky H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

ffli<>teTlmea\i8.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Camden Society has just issued a volume of do-
mestic letters, which contain much curious illustration
of the stirring times to which they refer. The volume
is entitled Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley, wife of
Sir Robert Harley, of Brampton Bryan, Knight of the
Bath, with Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. T. T.
Lewis. The writer, Lady Brilliana, was a daughter
of Sir Edward Conway, afterwards Baron Conway, and
is supposed to have been born whilst her father was
Lieut.- Governor of the " Brill." The earlier letters
(1625 — 1633) are addressed to her husband, the re-
mainder (1638 — 1643) to her son Edward, during his
residence at Oxford. The appendix contains several
documents of considerable historical interest.

Elements of Jurisprudence, by C. J. Foster, M. A.,
Professor of Jurisprudence at University College,
London, is an able and well-written endeavour to
settle the principles upon which law is to be founded.
Believing that law is capable of scientific reduction,
Professor Foster has in this little work attempted, and
with great ability, to show the principles upon which
he thinks it must be so reduced.

Mr. Croker has reprinted from The Times his cor-
respondence with Lord John Russell on some pas-
sages of Moore's Diary. In the postscript which he
has added, explanatory of Mr. Moore's acquaintance
and correspondence with him, Mr. Croker convicts
Moore, by passages from his own letters, of writing
very fulsomely to Mr. Croker, at the same time that
he was writing very sneeringly of him.

A three days' sale of very fine books, from the
library of a collector, was concluded on Wednesday
the 22nd ult. by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson, at
their house in Wellington Street. The following prices
of some of the more rare and curious lots exhibit a
high state of bibliographical prosperity, notwithstand-
ing the gloomy aspect of these critical times : — Lot
23, Biographie Universelle, fine paper, 52 vols., 29/. ;
lot 82, Donne's Poems, a fine large copy, 11. 10s. ;
lot 90, Drummond of Hawthornden's Poems, 61. ;
lot 137, Book of Christian Prayers, known as Queen
Elizabeth's Prayer Book, 107. ; lot 53, a fine copy of
Coryat's Crudities, 107. 15s. ; lot 184, Breydenbach,
Sanctarum Peregrinationum in Montem Syon, first
edition, 157. 15s. : lot 190, the Book of Fayttes of

Armes and Chyvalry, by Caxton, with two leaves in
fac-simile, 777. ; lot 192, Chaucer's Works, the edition
of 1542, 107. 5s. ; lot 200, Dugdale's Warwickshire,
137. 10s. ; lot 293, a gorgeous Oriental Manuscript
from the Palace of Tippoo Saib, enriched with 157
large paintings, full of subject, 1127. ; lot 240, Horse
Virginis Mariae, a charming Flemish Manuscript, with
12 exquisite illuminations of a high class, 1007.; lot
229, Milton's Minor Poems, first edition, 67. 6s. ; lot
315, Navarre Nouvelles, fine paper, 57. 5s.; lot 326,
Fenton's Certaine Tragicall Discourses, first edition,
117. ; lot 330, Gascoigne's Pleasauntest Workes, fine
copy, 14/.; lot 344, Hora? Virginis Mariae, beautifully
printed upon vellum, by Kerver, 267. ; lot 347, Lati-
mer's Sermons, Daye, 1571, 147. ; lot 364, Milton's
Comus, first edition, 107. 10s. ; lot 365, Milton's
Paradise Lost, first edition, 127. 17s. 6d. ; lot 376, The
Shah Nameh, a fine Persian manuscript, 10/. 12s. 6d. ;
lot. 379, Froissart Chroniques, first edition, 22/. 15s. ;
lot 381, a fine copy of Gough's Sepulchral Monu-
ments, five vols., 69/. ; lot 390, the original edition of
Holinshed's Chronicles, 167. JOs. ; lot 401, Lancelot
du Lac, Chevalier de la Table Ronde, Petit, 1533,
16/.; lot 406, the original edition of Laud's Book of
Common Prayer, 12/. 15s.; lot 412, Meliadus de
Leonnoys, a romance of the round table, 1 1/. ; lot 417,
a superb copy of Montfaucon's Works, with the La
Monarchic Fran£aise, 50/.; lot 418, Works of Sir
Thomas More, with the rare leaf, 14/. 5s. ; lot 563,
Shakspeare's Life of Sir John Oldcastle, 11/. ; lot 564,
A Midsomer Night's Dream (1600), 187. 5s. ; lot 611,
Shakspeare's Comedies, fine copy of the second edition,
287. ; lot 599, the celebrated Letter of Cardinal Pole,
printed on large paper, of which two copies only are
known, 647. ; lot 601, Purchas, his Pilgrimes, five vols.,
a fine copy, with the rare frontispiece, 657. 10s. The
634 lots produced 2,6167. 4s. 6d.

Books Received. — Dante translated into English
Verse, by J. C. Wright, M. A., with Thirty-four En-
gravings on Steel, after Flaxman. This new volume
of Bohn's Illustrated Library is one of those marvels of
cheapness with which Mr. Bohn ever and anon sur-
prises us. — Curiosities of Bristol and its Neighbour-
hood, Nos. I. — V., is a sort of local " N. & Q,.," calcu-
lated to interest not Bristolians only. — Poetical Works
of John Dryden, edited by Robert Bell, Vol. II., forms
the new volume of the Annotated Edition of the English
Poets. — The Carafas of Maddalotii : Naples under
Spanish Dominion, the new volume of Bohn's Standard
Library, is a translation from a German work of con-
siderable research by Alfred Reumont.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO FUKCHASE.

Schiller's Poems, translated by Merivale.
S. N. Coleridge's Kiographia Literauia.
— — Essays on his own Times.

Poems. 1 Vol.

Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit.

The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. lUmo.

*«* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTKS AND
QURIU15S," 186. Fleet Street.

Mae. 4. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

211

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Percy Society's Publications. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.
Wanted by G. J. Hargreaves, Stretford, near Manchester.

Scrapbook op Literary Varieties, and Mirror of Instruc-
tion, &c. Prose, Verse, and Engravings. Lacy, 7G. St. Paul's
Churchyard. 8vo. 424 pp.

Wanted by Rev. G. T. Driffield, Bow, Middlesex.

Cambridge Installation Ode, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth.

4to. Edition.
Kitchener's Economy op the Eyes. Part II.
Brown's Anecdotes of Dogs.
. of Animals.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Masterman Ready. Vol. I. First Edition.
Swift's Works. Vol. XIII. London, 1747.

Wanted by W. H. Bliss, Hursley, Winchester.

&{\\itt<l trj CorrcSpD uncut*.-

F. T. The characteristic descriptiun of The Weekly Pacquet,
by the author of the continuation of Sir James Mackintosh's
History of England, seems perfectly just. We had marked for
quotation, as a sample of its virulent tone, " The Ceremony and
Manner of Baptizing Antichrist," in No. 6., p. 47. ; but we
found its ribaldry would occupy too much of our valuable space,
and after all would perhaps not elicit one Protestant clap of
applause even at Exeter Hall.

John Weston. The insertion of paginal figures to the Adver-
tisement pages of " N. & Q." was considered at the time the
change was made, when it was hinted to us that many of our
subscribers would wish to retain those pages. We may probably
dispense with them in our next Volume.

Foreigner. The Canon inquired after will be found to be the
18/A of the " Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical, a. d. 1603."
Its partial observance complained of by our Correspondent has
been of late years frequently discussed in the various Church pe-
riodicals and newspapers, especially in the British Magazine,
vols, xviii., xix., and xx. See also the official judgment of the
Bishop of London on this Canon in his Charge of 1842, p. 43.

Primers op the Reign op Elizabeth.— With reference to the
article under this heading in last week's Number, we have been
reminded that the Liturgies and Private Prayers put forth by au-
thority during the reign of Elizabeth, which were, reprinted by
the Parker Society, have been sold by that Society to Mr. Brown,
of Old Street, and may be purchased of him at a very moderate
price. The introductions contain much valuable information.

Comus. We cannot learn that there is an edition of Locke on
the Understanding epitomised published at Oxford. There is one
in the London Catalogue, published some years ago by Whit-
taker and Co., price is. 6d., which may perhaps still be had.

A Borderer. Our Correspondent Mr. C. Mansfield Ingleby
wishes to address a letter to A Borderer ; how will it reach him?

Francis Beaufort. Biblia Sacra Latina, two volumes in one,
printed by R. Rodt and B. Richel circa i47l, folio, was bought
by Thorpe for 41. 4s. at the sale of the Duke of Sui sex's library.

Clericus Rusticus asks " Whence the term ' Mare's nest,'
and when first used ?"

Hcgh Henderson (Glasgow}. It is not needful to use any
iodide of silver in the iodizing of collodion, or to make any change
in the ordinary 30-grain solution bath. The sensitizing fluid re-
commended by Dr. Diamond is all that is required.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10*. 6d., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " it published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

M

CHOICE AND VALUABLE BOOKS.

ESSRS. UPHAM & BEET

(late RODWELL) havins recently mnde
great addition to their EXTENSIVE STOCK
OF BOOKS in all Languages, beg respectfully
to invite an inspection of them. CATA-
LOGUES are NOW ready, and will be sent
by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

46. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street.

GREAT TRUTHS FOR
THOTJGHTFUr, HOURS. (Prelimi-
nary Kssay.l HUMAN HAPPINESS. By
C. B. ADDERLEY, Esq.. M.P. —"Labour, if
it were unnecessary to the existence, would be
necessary to the hapiiiness of men." — 18mo.
\s. M.

"Reminds us of the best works of Cole-
ridge."— Baptist Magazine.

"A charming little manual of wisdom and
philosophy." — Church and State Gazette.

"The most philosophical precision, logical
sequence, and language the most perspicuous
and chaste." — Commonwealth.

No. I. The PATERNAL CHA-
RACTER of GOD. By the REV. GEORGE
GILFILLAN, Dundee. Is. 6d.
BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.

Just ready, in fcap. Svo., with six etchings,
designed by GILLRAY, now first added,
price 6*.

THE POETRY OF THE ANTI-
JACOBIN : comprising the celebrated
Political and Satirical Poems, Ballads, Sonsrs,
Parodies, and Jeux d'Esprit, of the RT. HON.
G. CANNING, EARL OF CARLISLE,
MARQUIS WELLESLEY, RT. HON. J. H.
FRERE, G. ELLIS, W. GIFFORD, RT.
HON. W. PITT, and others. With Explana-
tory Notes, the Originals of the Parodies, a
History of the Work, and a complete List of
the Authors. By CHAKLES EDMONDS.
SECOND EDITION, considerably enlarged.
G. WILLIS, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.

CHURCH REFORM.

This Day is published, price 3Jc?.

THE COURIER,

AND CHURCH REFORM GAZETTE ;

Containing the Whole of the Ecclesiastical,
Political, and General News of the Week,
advocating a thorough Conservative Re-
formation in the Church, the Reform of our
Social Laws, and the most determined Op-
position to Popery and Infidelity.

The Country Edition of the COURIER,
containing the Latest Intelligence, will be
despatched by the Friday Evening Mails, so as
to be received in all parts of the Kingdom on
Saturday Morning.

CHURCHMEN, your hearty support is ab-
solutely requisite to enable us to bring about
the SECOND REFORMATION.

Advertisement Terms. — Five Lines and
under, Half-a-Crown ; and Sixpence per Line
afterwards.

London : HOPE & CO.. 16. Great Marlborough
Street.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's
Place, Trafalgar Square, London.

Established a.d. 1844.

TNVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

X may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON,

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
cation.

In 1 vol., with Etchings by the Author, and
Woodcuts, price 28s.

LEGENDS of the MADONNA ;
as represented in the Fine Arts. Form-
ing the Third Series of " Sacred and Le-
gendary Art." By MRS. JAMESON.

In the same Series, New Editions,
price 28s. each,

LEGENDS of the MONASTIC

ORDERS, and —

LEGENDS of the SAINTS

and MARTYRS.

London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

In One Volume, medium 8vo., price Us.

THESAURUS OF ENGLISH
WORDS AND PHRASES, classified and
arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of
Ideas, and assist in Literary Composition. By
P. M. ROGET, M.D., F.R.S. Second Edition.

*** Several thousand Words and Phrases,
not contained in the First Edition, have now
been added ; many improvements have been
made in the arrangement of the expressions ;
and the whole Work has undergone careful
revision with the view of increasing its general
utility.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

pHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the

\J recent improvements. Strong fire^proof
safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. f.ord Street, Livtrpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton .

212

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 227.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 8 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
8. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1812.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq..

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T.S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. s

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rales of Premium for Assuring
loof.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age £ s. d. i Age £ s. d.

17- - - 1 14 4 I 32- - - 2 10 8
22 - - - 1 18 8 I 37 - - - 2 18 6
27- - -245|42- - -382

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu-
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton : cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenised paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5*. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 163. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to rait
everv variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extens.vely employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andothcr Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
— OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manu-
factory,24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
Road. Islington. OTTE WILL'S Re.-istered
Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A.
ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn ; the
Photographic Institution, Bond Street : and
at the Manufactory as above, where every de-
scription of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may
be had. The Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicicy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior. In sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tini for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

V]

IANOFORTES, 25 Guineas

each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age: — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, houdoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse,
,1. L. Hatton, Catherine Haves, W. II. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry.H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. II. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

WH. HART, RECORD
. AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

FORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,

DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, mav now he had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Dennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 L'uineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2l.,3L, and il. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London s and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid — Saturday, March 4. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
toe

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 228.]

Saturday, March 11. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, 5*

CONTENTS.

Page
"Where are the "Wills to be deposited ? - 215

Notes : —

"J. R. of Cork" - - -217

Marmortinto, or Sand-painting - - 217

The Soldier's Discipline, from a Broad-
side of the Year 1642 - - - 218
Leading Articles of Foreign Newspapers 218
Minor Notes: — Materials for a History
of Druidism — Domestic Chapels —
Ordinary — Thorn's Irish Almanac
and Official Directory for 1854 — An-
tiquity of the Word " Snub " —
Charles I. at Little Woolford — Coin-
cidence between Sir Thomas Browne
and Bishop Ken— The English School
of Painting — " A Feather in your
Cap" - - - - - 219

Qckhies : —

Domestic Architecture : Licences to

Crenellatc, by J. H. Parker - - 220

Dixon of Beeston, by R. W. Dixon, J.P. 221

Minor Queries : — Atherstone Family
— Classic Authors and the Jews —
Bishop Hooper's Argument on the
Vestment Controversy — The Title of
* Dominus " — The De Rous Family
— Where was the Fee of S. Sanxon ?—
Russian Emperors — Episcopal Insig-
nia of the Eastern Church — Amon-
tillado Sherry — Col. Michael Smith's
Family— Pronunciation of Foreign
Names — Artesian Wells — Norman
Towers in Loudon _ Papyrus —
Mathcw, a Cornish Family - - 221

Mjnor Queries with Answers : —
Bunyan's Descendants — Epigram on
Dennis — Football played on Shrove
Tuesday — Vossioner, its Meaning —
The Game of Chess— A Jumper Letter 223

Replies : —

Clarence - - - - - 224
Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes - - 225
Three Fleurs-de-Lys - 225
Books burned by the Common Hang-
man, by C. H. Cooper, &c. - - 228
Different Productions of differe nt Car-
cases - 227
Vandyke in America, by J. Balch - 228

Photographic Correspondence : Cy-
anide of Potassium — Mode of exciting
I Calotype Paper — The Double Iodide
Solution : Purity of Photograohic
Chemicals — Hyposulphite of Soda
Baths - - - - - 230

Replies to Minor Qtteries : — Daugh-
ters taking their Mothers' Names —
The Young Pretender — A Legend of
the Hive — Hoby Family — Anticipa-
tory Use of the Cross — Longevity _
" Nugget " — The fifth Lord Byron _
"Wapple, or Whapple-way — The
Ducking-stool — Double Christian
Names — Pedigree to the Time of
Alfred — Palace of Lucifer — Monal-
desclii — Anna Lightfoot — Lode, &c. 220

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. - 234

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 234
ISotices to Correspondents - - 235

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6<7., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Sobo Square,
London.

T

Vol. IX No. 228.

HE ECLECTIC REVIEW for

MARCH, price Is. 60!., contains :

1. DTsraeli. — A Literary and Political Bio-

graphy.

2. The Theory of Food.

3. The Autobiography of a Dissenting Minister.

4. Lord Holland's History of the Whig Party.

5. Sanitary Farming.

6. St. John's Search of Beauty.

7. Christianity, and its Modern Assailants.

8. The Caucasus, and the Country between the

Euxine and the Caspian.
Review of the Month, &c.

THE HOMILISTfor MARCH,

price Is., contains :

1. The Master Impulse of True Progress.

2. Hinderance to Prayer. By Rev. David

Cook, Dundee.

3. The Terrible Hypothesis ; or the Irrevo-

cable Fate.

4. Saul : or, Humanity Consciously Deserted

of God.

5. The Widow's Mite ; or the Transcendent

Worth of True Feeling.

6. The Burial of Christ ; a Display of Three-

fold Power.

7. Psalm 47,-the Moral Mirror of the Good.

8. The Genius of the Gospel.
Reviews, &c.

WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.

Valuable LITURGICAL WORKS.

LITURGIES OF QUEEN
ELIZABETH. — Liturgical Services,
1558 — 1601 : being the Liturgies and occasional
Forms of Prayer set forth in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth. Now first collected nnd edited,
with Preface and Notes, by WM. KEATINGE
CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome
volume, 8vo., containi. g 695 pp., beautifully
printed at the Cambridge University Press.
Cloth extra, price 5s.

Also,

PRIVATE PRAYERS put

forth by Authority during the reign of Queen
Elizabeth. Including the Primer of 1559 ; the
Orarium of 1560 ; the Preces Privatas, 1564 ; the
Book of Christian Prayers of 1578 ; with an
Appendix containing the Litany of 1544. Now
first collected and edited, with Preface and
Notes, by WM. KEATINGE CLAY, B. D.,
Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo.,
containing 576 pp., beautifully printed at the
Cumbridge University Press. Cloth extra.
Price 5s.

London.; WILLIAM BROWN, 130, 131, and
132. Old Street.

BURKE'S PEERAGE AND
BARONETAGE for 1854. THE RE-
VISED AND IMPROVED EDITION OF
THE PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE
for 1854,

By SIR J. BERNARD BURKE,
Ulster King of Arms,
Is NOW READY AT ALL THE BOOK-
SELLERS.
Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his
Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13.
Great Marlborough Street.

TO BOOK COLLECTORS.—
MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of 10,000
vols, of Second-hand Books, Gratis ; including
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 7th and last edi-
tion, cloth, 16 Guineas ; another half" rnssia,
gilt, 17 Guineas ; another, 6th edition, calf, fine
copy, 12 Guineas. Illustrated London News,
complete to end of 1853, clean as new, cloth,
137. 10s. Penny Cyclopaedia and Supplement,
29 vols., half calf, 77. 10s. Henry's Bible, by
Biekersteth, 6 vols. 4to., new, half calf, 4/. 10.S.
Dr. Adam Clarke's Bible, 6 vols, cloth, new,
27. 15s. D'Oyly's and Mant's Bible, 3 vols. 4to.,
new, half calf, 37. ; large paper, calf, 37. 13s. 6d.
Nash's Mansions of England, 4 vols, fol., new,
half morocco, 8 Guineas. Abbotiford Waver-
ley Novels, 12 vols., new, half calf, extra,
9 Guineas. Magistrate's Edition of Statutes,
1835 to 1852, 18 vols. 4to., half law calf, 6 Gui-
neas. Tegg's London Encyclopaedia, 45 vols.,
uncut, 47. 10s. Taylor's Edition of Plato's

Works, 5 vols. 4to., l.alf morocco, 5 Guineas

Libraries purchased.

70. NEWGATE STREET, LONDON.

A CATALOGUE OF A Col-
lection OF ANCIENT AND MO-
DERN BOOKS, comprising History, Biogra-
phy, Fine Arts, Chess, Poetry, Drama, Voy-
ages, and Travels, including a Collection of
Works relating to America. Offered for Sale
at the exceedingly low prices for Cash only, by
CHARLES SKEET, 10. King William Street,
Charing Cross.

To be had Gratis on application.

M

CHOICE AND VALUABLE BOOKS.

fESSRS. UPHAM & BEET

_ (late RODWE LL) having recently made
great addition to their EXTENSIVE STOCK
OF BOOKS in all Languages, beg respectfully
to invite an inspection of them. CATA-
LOGUES are NOW ready, and will be sent
by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

46. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street.

ONLY A FEW COPIES REMAINING !
Of the FORMER SERIES of the

JOURNAL OF SACRED LT-

eJ TERATURE. Edited by JOHN KITTO,
D.D..F.S.A. In 7 vols. 8vo., cloth, lettered,
comprising some hundreds of original crii-
cisms and papers, and Notes and Queries bear-
ing on biblical subjects. Offered till the 30th of
April, unless all sold previously, for 27. 2s.

BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.

214

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

HISTORICAL -WORKS

PUBLISHED BT

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS.
THE HISTORY OF EUROPE

from 1815 to 1852. By SIR ARCHIBALD
ALISON, BART.

To be completed in Five Volumes 8vo., price
15*. each.

Contents of Volume I.
Chap. 1. General Sketch of the whole Period.

2. History of England : 1815-16.

3. History of France from the Second

Restoration of Louis XVIII. to the
Ordinance of Sept. 1816.

4. Domestic History of Fngland: 1817-

19.

5. Progress of Literature, Science, the

Arts, &c, after the War.

6. France from the Coup d'Etat of Sept.

1816 to the Creation of Peers in 1819.

Contents of Volume H.
Chap. 7. Spain and Italy : 1814-20.

8. Russia and Poland : 1815-25.

9. Koyalist Reaction in France : 1819-21.

10. Domestic History of England : 1819-

12.

1 1. England, France, and St ain, from the

Accession of Villele in 1819 to the
Congress of Verona in 1822.

12. Congress of Verona — Frtnch Inva-

sion of Spain — Death of Louis
XVIII.
(Volume III. will be published in the Spring.)

ALISON'S HISTORY OF

EUROPE during the FRENCH REVOLU-
TION. Library Edition, in Fourteen Vo-
lumes 8vo., with Poi traits, price 10/. 10s.

The SAME WORK in Twenty

Volumes post 8vo., price 6/.

PEOPLE'S EDITION of the

Same Work now publishing, to be completed
in Twelve Volumes, price is. each.

The ATLAS of 105 Coloured

Maps and Plans of Countries, Battles. Sieges,
and Sea Fights, with a Vocabulary of Military
and Marine Terms, to illustrate "Alison's
Europe." By A. KEITH JOHNSTONE,
F.R.S.E. In demy 4to., price 31. 3s. ; in crown
4to., price 21. 12*. 6rf.

Also, a PEOPLE'S EDITION, now publish-
ing, in Half-a-Crown Parts.

THE EPITOME of ALISON'S

EUROPE ; for the Use of Schools. Post 8vo.,
price 7s. 6d. bound.

GREECE UNDER THE RO-
MANS : a Historical View of the Greek
Nation, from the Time of its Conquest by the
Romans until the Extinction of the Roman
Empire, b.c. 146, to a.d. 717. By GEORGE
FINLAY,Esq. 8vo., 16s.

By the same Author,

HISTORY of the BYZAN-
TINE EMPIRE from DCCXVI. to ML VII.
8vo., 12s. 6d.

By the same Author,

HISTORY OF GREECE, from

its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest
by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond,
1204—1461. 8vo., 12s. ed.

By the Author of " Cyril Thornton,"

ANNALS OF THE PENIN-
SULAR CAMPAIGNS. By THOMAS HA-
MILTON, Esq. A New Edition, edited by
F. Hardman, Esq. 8vo., 16s. Atlas of .Maps
to Illustrate the Campaigns, 12s.

LIVES of the QUEENS of

SCOTLAND, and ENGLISH PRINCESSES

CONNECTED with the REGAL SUCCES-
SION of GREAT BRITAIN. By AGNES
STRICKLAND. "With Portraits and His-
torical Vignettes. In Six Vols, post 8vo.,
10s. 6rf. each. Four Volumes are published.
45. George Street, Edinburgh ; and 37. Pater-
noster Row, London.

A NEW HISTORICAL TALE

Is Commenced in No. 10. of

THE HOME COMPANION,

An Illustrated Family Magazine.

Which also contains :

COMBATS WITH KING FROST.

I1IS-ILLUSION.

WHAT BESSIE'S GOWN COST.

THE TURCO-RUSSIAN FRONTIERS ON
THE BLACK SEA.

THE FEN COUNTRY _ HOW RE-
CLAIMED.

Published Weekly, price Three Halfpence, in a neat Wrapper ; and may be had of all Book-
sellers in Town and Country, or of the Publishers,

WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, London.

THE HOME COMPANION for the present Week commences a
NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE, with an Illustration ; A VIEW AND DESCRIP-
TION OF SFBASTOPUL AND THE BLACK SEA ; and other Articles of Interest. Price
Three Halfpence.

London : WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.

GUI DE ST. FLORE, an Historical Romance, is now publishing
in " THE HOME COMPANION," an Illustrated Weekly Magazine. Price Three Half-
pence.

London : WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.

s

EBASTOPOL is Described and Illustrated in "THE HOME

COMPANION," an Illustrated Weekly Journal. Price Three Halfpence.
London : WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.

PROFESSOR JOHNSTON'S i
CHEMISTRY OF COMMON LIFE.

No. IV., price 10rf., contains

THE BEVERAGES WE IN-

FUSE.

The previous Numbers contain :

1. THE AIR WE BREATHE,

and THE WATER WE DRINK. 6rf.

2. THE SOIL WE CULTI-
VATE, and THE PLANT WE REAR. ed.

3. THE BREAD WE EAT,

and THE BEEF WE COOK. 8rf.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

Sold by all Booksellers.
ItfEW PUBLICATIONS.

Two vols, post 8vo., cloth, 21s.

PURPLE TINTS OF PARTS:

CHARACTER and MANNERS in the NEW
EMPIRE. By BAYLE ST. JOHN, Author
of " Two Years' Residence in a Levantine
Family," &c.

A VISIT TO PORTUGAL

AND MADEIRA. By the LADY EMME-
L1NE STUART WORTLEY. Post 8vo.,
cloth, 10s. id

THE LIFE OF JEROME

CARDAN, of Milan, Physician. By HENRY
MORLEY, Author of Palissy the Potter," &c.

BURNS. By THOMAS CAR-

LYLE. Forming the New Volume af " Read-
ing for Travellers." Price Is.

London : CHAPMAN & HALL,
193. Piccadilly.

This Day is published,

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH
PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM
THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF
NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Professor
of History in the Lyct'e Buonaparte. Trans-
lated, with the assistance of tie Author, by
FREDERICK HARDMAN. In demy octavo,
price 14s.,cloih.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

RARE BOOKS AND PAINTINGS,

To be sold, the Property of a Gentleman,

THE GREAT ELZEVIR
BIBLE, with the Maps and exquisite
coloured Plates, in original brass-bound bind-
ing, 1663. Complete. Price 321.

THE SYNOD OF DORT :

Original Black-letter Report of the Proceed-
ings, with Manuscript Cont'mporary Anno-
tations in Latin and Old Dutch, 1619. Unique.
Price 10Z. 10s.

WOUVERMAN. An exqui-
site Cabinet Painting by PHILLIP WOU-
VERMAN. Price 105?.

The above may be seen at MR. HARRISON'S,
Bookseller, 59. Pall Mall.

Multie terricolis lingua;, ccelestibus una.

samup:l bagster

AND SONS'

GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent
Free by Post. It contains Lists of
Quarto Family Bibles ; Ancient
English Translations ; Manuscript-
notes Bibles ; Polyglot Bibles in (very variety
of Size and Combination of Language ; Pa-
rallel-passages Bibles ; Greek Critical and
other Testaments ; Polyglot Books of Common
Prayer ; Psalms in English. Hebrew, and many
other Languages, in great variety ; Aids to the
Study of the Old Testament and of the New
Testament ; and Miscellaneous Biblical and
other Works. By Post Free.

London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS,
15. Faternoster Row.

HoXXxi ptv 3-vr,rois YXurrou, fjuot V
I AQot.vtt.Tt/nriv.

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

215

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1854.
WHERE ARE THE WILES TO BE DEPOSITED ?

The difficulties thrown in the way of all literary and
historical inquiries, hy the peculiar constitution of the
Prerogative Office, Doctors' Commons, have long been
a subject of just complaint. An attempt was made by
The Camden Society, in 1 848, to procure their re-
moval, by a Memorial addressed to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, which we now print, because it sets
forth, plainly and distinctly, the nature and extent of
those difficulties.

" To the Most Rev. and the Right Hon. The Lord
Archbishop of Canterbury.

" The humble Memorial of the President and Council
of the Camden Society, respectfully showeth,

" That the Camden Society was instituted in the
year 1838, for the publication of early historical and
literary remains.

" It has the honour to be patronised by H. R. H.
the Prince Albert ; and was supported, from its insti-
tution, by the countenance and subscription of your
Grace's predecessor in the See of Canterbury.

" The Society has published forty volumes of works
relating to English History, and continues to be ac-
tively engaged in researches connected with the same
important branch of literature.

" In the course of its proceedings, the Society has
had brought under its notice the manner in which the
regulations of the Prerogative Office in Doctors' Com-
mons interfere with the accuracy and completeness of
works in the preparation of which the Council is now
engaged, and with the pursuits and labours of all other
historical inquirers ; and they beg leave respectfully to
submit to your Grace the results of certain investiga-
tions which they have made upon the subject.

" Besides the original wills deposited in the Office
of the Prerogative Court, there is kept in the same
repository a long series of register books, containing
copies of wills entered chronologically from a.d. 1383
to the present time. These registers or books of entry
fall practically into two different divisions or classes.
The earlier and the latter books contain information
suited to the wants of totally different kinds of persons,
and applicable to entirely different purposes. Their
custody is also of very different importance to the
office. The class which is first both in number of
books and in importance contains entries of modern
wills. These are daily consulted by relatives of tes-
tators, by claimants and solicitors, principally for legal
purposes, and yield a large revenue to the office in fees
paid for searches, inspections, and copies. The second
class, which comprises a comparatively small number
of volumes, contains entries of ancient wills, dated be-
fore the period during which wills are now useful for
legal purposes. These are never consulted by lawyers
or claimants, nor do they yield any revenue to the
office, save an occasional small receipt from the Camden
Society, or from some similar body, or private literary
inquirer.

" With respect to the original wills, and the entries
of modern wills, your memorialists beg to express
clearly that this application is not designed to have any
reference to them. Your memorialists confine their
remarks exclusively to the books of entries of those
ancient wills which have long and unquestionably
ceased to be useful for legal purposes.

" These entries of ancient wills are of the very highest
importance to historical inquirers. They abound with
illustrations of manners and customs ; they exhibit in
the most authentic way the state of religion, the con-
dition of the various classes of the people, and of so-
ciety in general ; they are invaluable to the lexicogra-
pher, the genealogist, the topographer, the biographer,
— to historical writers of every order and kind. They
constitute the most important depository in existence
of exact information relating to events and persons of
the period to which they relate.

" But all this information is unavailable in conse-
quence of the regulations of the office in which the
wills are kept. All the books of entry, both of ancient
and modern wills, are kept together, and can only be
consulted in the same department of the same office, in
the same manner and subject to precisely the same re-
strictions and the same payments. No distinction is
made between the fees to be paid by a literary person
who wishes to make a few notes from wills, perhaps
three or four hundred years old, in order to rectify a
fact, a name, a date, or to establish the proper place of
a descent in a pedigree, or the exact meaning of a
doubtful word, and the fees to be paid by the person
who wants a copy of a will proved yesterday as evidence
of a right to property perhaps to be established in a
court of justice. No extract is allowed to be made,
not even of a word or a date, except the names of the
executors and the date of the will. Printed statements
in historical books, which refer to wills, may not be
compared with the wills as entered ; even ancient
copies of wills handed down for many generations in
the families of the testators, may not be examined with
the registered wills without paying the office for
making new and entire copies.

" No such restrictions exclude literary inquirers
from the British Museum, where there are papers
equally valuable. The Public Record Offices are all
open, either gratuitously or upon payment of easy fees.
The Secretary of State for the Home Department
grants permission of access to Her Majesty's State
Paper Office. Your Grace's predecessor gave the
Camden Society free access to the registers of wills at
Lambeth — documents exactly similar to those at
Doctors' Commons. The Prerogative Office is, pro-
bably, the only public office in the kingdom which is
shut against literary inquirers.

" The results of such regulations are obvious. The
ancient wills at Doctors' Commons not being acces-
sible to those to whom alone they are useful, yield
scarcely any fees to the office ; historical inquirers are
discouraged ; errors remain uncorrected ; statements of
facts in historical work's are obliged to be left uncer-
tain and incomplete ; the researches of the Camden
Society and other similar societies are thwarted; and
all historical inquirers regard the condition of the Pre-
rogative Office as a great literary grievance.

216

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

" The President and Council of the Camden Society
respectfully submit these circumstances to your Grace
with a full persuasion that nothing which relates to the
welfare of English historical literature can be unin-
teresting either to your Grace personally, or to the
Church over which you preside ; and they humbly
pray your Grace that such changes may be made in
the regulations of the Prerogative Office as may assi-
milate its practice to that of the Public Record Office,
so far as regards the inspection of the books of entry
of ancient wills, or that such other remedy may be
applied to the inconveniences now stated as to your
Grace may seem fit.

"(Signed) Braybrooke, President.

Thomas Amyot, Director. Thos. Stafleton.

Henry Ellis. Wm. Durrant CoorER.

J. Payne Collier, Treas. Peter Levesque.

Harry Verney. Thos. J. Pettigrew.

H. H. Milman. John Bruce.

Joseph Hunter. Beriah Botfield.

William J. Thoms, Sec. Bolton Cokney.
Chs. Purton Cooper.

25. Parliament Street, Westminster,
13 April, 1848."

As the Archbishop stated his inability to afford any
relief, The Camden Society availed themselves of the
appointment of the Commission to inquire into the
Law and Jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical and other
Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary, to address
to those Commissioners, in the month of January, 1 853,
a Memorial, of which the following is a copy :

" To the Right Honourable and Honourable the
Commissioners appointed by Her Majesty to
inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the
Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to
Matters Testamentary.

" My Lords and Gentlemen,

" We, the undersigned, being the 'President and
Council of the Camden Society, for the Publication of
Early Historical and Literary Remains, beg to submit
to your consideration a copy of a Memorial presented
on the 13th April, 1848, by the President and then
Council of this Society, to his Grace the Archbishop
of Canterbury, praying that such changes might be
made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as
might assimilate its practice to that of the Public Re-
cord Office, so far as regards the inspection of the books
of entry of ancient Wills, or that such other remedy
might be applied to the inconveniences stated in that
Memorial as to his Grace might seem fit.

" In reply to that Memorial his Grace was pleased
to inform the Memorialists that he had no control
whatever over the fees taken in the Prerogative Office.

" The Memorialists had not adopted the course of
applying to his Grace the Archbishop until they had
in vain endeavoured to obtain from the authorities of
the Prerogative Office, Messrs. Dyneley, Iggulden,
and Gostling, some modification of their rules in favour
of literary inquirers. The answer of his Grace the
Archbishop left them, therefore, without present
remedy.

" The grievance complained of continues entirely
unaltered up to the present time.

" In all other public repositories to which in the
course of our inquiries we have had occasion to apply,
we have found a general and predominant feeling of
the national importance of the cultivation of literature,
and especially of that branch of it which relates to the
past history of our own country. Every one seems
heartily willing to promote historical inquiries. The
Public Record Offices are now opened to persons en-
gaged in literary pursuits by arrangements of the most
satisfactory and liberal character. His Grace the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury gives permission to literary men
to search such of the early registers of his See as are in
his own possession at Lambeth. Access is given to the
registers of the Bishop of London ; and throughout
the kingdom private persons having in their possession
historical documents are almost without exception not
only willing but anxious to assist our inquiries. The
authorities of the Prerogative Office in Doctors' Com-
mons, perhaps, stand alone in their total want of sym-
pathy with literature, and in their exclusion of literary
inquirers by stringent rules, harshly, and in some in-
stances even offensively, enforced.

" We have the honour to be,
" My Lords and Gentlemen,
* Your most obedient and very humble servants,
(Signed) Braybrooke, President.

John Bruce, Director. W. H. Blaauw.

C. Purton Cooper. W. Durrant Cooper.

J. Payne Collier, Treas. Bolton Corney.

W. R. Drake. Henry Ellis.

Edwd. Foss. Lambert B. Larking.

Peter Levesque. Fredk. Ouvry.

Strang ford. Wm. J. Thoms, Sec.

25. Parliament Street, Westminster,
January, 1 853."

A Report from that Commission has been laid before
Parliament ; and a Bill for carrying into effect the re-
commendations contained in such Report, and trans-
ferring the powers of the Prerogative Court to the
Court of Chancer}', has been introduced into the
House of Lords. The Bill contains no specific enact-
ments as to the custody of the Wills.

Now, therefore, is the time for all who are interested
in Historical Truth to use their best endeavours to pro-
cure the insertion of such clauses as shall place the Wills
under the same custody as the other Judicial Records
of the country, namely, that of Her Majesty's Keeper
of Records.

With Literature represented in the House of Lords
by a Brougham and a Campbell, in the Commons by
a Macaulay, a Bulwer, and a DTsraeli, let but the
real state of the case be once made public, and we have
no fear but that the interests of English Historical Li-
terature will be cared for and maintained.

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

217

$0tc£.

J. R. OF CORK.

My gifted and lamented countryman "The
Roscoe of Cork " * deserves more notice in these
pages, which he has enriched by his contributions,
than the handsome obituary of our Editor (Vol.
vii., p. 394.) ; so a few words with reference to him
may be acceptable.

Mr. James Roche was born in Limerick some
eighty-three years ago, of an ancient and wealthy
family. At an early period of his life he was sent
to France, and educated in the Catholic College of
Saintes. After completing his studies, and paying
a short visit to Ireland, he settled in Bordeaux,
where he became acquainted with the most dis-
tinguished leaders of the Girondists.

Mr. Roche was in Paris during the horrors of
the first Revolution, and in 1793 was arrested
there as a British subject, but was released on the
death of Robespierre. For some years after his
liberation, he passed his time between Paris and
Bordeaux. At the close of the last century, he
returned to Ireland ; and commenced business in
Cork as a banker, in partnership with his brother.
He resided in a handsome country seat near the
river Lee, and there amassed a splendid library.

About the year 1816, a relative of mine, a
wealthy banker in the same city, got into diffi-
culties, and met with the kindest assistance from
Mr. Roche. In 1819 his own troubles came on,
and a monetary crisis ruined him as well as many
others. All his property was sold, and his books
were brought to the hammer, excepting a few with
which his creditors presented him. I have often
tried, but without success, to get a copy of the
auction catalogue, which contained many curious
lots, — amongst others, I am informed, Swift's
own annotated copy of Gulliver s Travels, which
Mr. Roche purchased in Cork for a few pence,
but which produced pounds at the sale. Mr.
Roche, after this, resided for some time in London
as parliamentary agent. He also spent several
years in Paris, and witnessed the revolution of
1830. Eventually he returned to Cork, where he
performed the duties of a magistrate and director
of the National Bank, until his death in the early
part of 1853.

Mr. Roche was intimately acquainted with
many of the great men and events of his time,
especially with everything concerning modern
French history and literature.

Mr. Roche was remarkable for accurate scholar-
ship and extensive learning : the affability of his
manners, and the earnestly -religious tone of his
mind, enhanced his varied accomplishments.

* Mu. Roche is thus happily designated by the
Rev. Francis Mahony in The Prout Papers.

For a number of years he contributed largely
to various periodicals, such as the Gentleman's
Magazine, the Dublin Revieiv, and the Literary
Gazette; and the signature of "J. R. of Cork"
was welcome to all, while it puzzled many.

In 1851 he printed for private circulation, Essays
Critical and Miscellaneous, by an Octogenarian,
2 vols. ; printed by G. Nash, Cork. Some of these
Essays are reprints, others are printed for the first
time. The work was reviewed in the Dublin Re-
view for October, 1851.

A " Sketch of J. R. of Cork" was published in
July, 1848, in Duffy's Irish Cutholic Magazine,
which I have made use of in this Note. My object
in the present Note is to suggest that Mr. Roche's
Reminiscences and Essays should be given to the
public, from whom I am well assured they would
receive a hearty welcome. Eirionnach.

MARMORTINT0, OR SAND-PAINTING.

There appeared in a late number of The Family
Friend, an article on the above process. The
writer attributes its invention to Benjamin Zobel
of Bavaria; and states, that although some few
persons have attempted its revival, in no instance
has success attended such efforts. This is not
correct. There was a German confectioner to
King George III. whom I knew well. His name
was Haas ; and those acquainted with Bristol will
recollect his well-frequented shop, nearly opposite
the drawbridge on the way to College Green,
where he resided forty years ago, after retiring
from his employment at Court. There he was
often engaged in decorating ceilings, lying on his
back for weeks together on a scaffold for the pur-
pose. He also ornamented the plateaus for the
royal table ; and he understood the art of sand-
painting, and practised it in the highest perfec-
tion. Whether he preceded Zobel, or came after
him, at Windsor Castle, I cannot tell ; but I can
testify that he was perfect master of the art in
question. I have seen him at work upon his sand-
pictures. He had the marble dust of every gra-
dation of colour in a large box, divided into small
compartments ; and he applied it to the picture
by dropping it from small cones of paper.

The article in The Family Friend, describes the
process of Zobel to have consisted of a previous
coating of the panel for the picture with a gluti-
nous solution, over which the marble dust was
strewed from a piece of cord. Haas used small
cones of paper ; and my impression from seeing
him at work was, that he sprinkled the sand on
the dry panel, and fixed the whole finally at once
by some process which he kept a secret. For I
remember how careful he was to prevent the
window or door from being opened, so as to cause
a draught, before he had fixed his picture ; and I

218

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

have heard him lament the misfortune of having
had one or two pictures blown away in this
manner.

The effect of his sand-pictures was extraordi-
nary. They stood out in bold relief, and with a
brilliancy far surpassing any oil painting. As may
be supposed, this style of painting was particularly
adapted for landscapes and rocky scenery ; and it
enabled the artist to finish foliage with a richness
which nothing could surpass. Mr. Haas' collec-
tion of his sand-paintings was a rich treat to
inspect. After his death, they were sold and dis-
persed ; but many must be found in the collec-
tions of gentlemen in Bristol and its neighbour-
hood. F. C. H.

THE SOLDIER S DISCIPLINE, FROM A BROADSIDE
OF THE TEAR 1642.

" The Grounds of Military Discipline : or, Certain Brief
Rules for the Exercising of a Company or Squadron.

Observed by all.

In march, in motion, troop or stand,

Observe both leader and right hand ;

With silence note in what degree

You in the body placed be :

That so you may, without more trouble,

Know where to stand, and when to double.

Distances.

True distance keep in files, in ranks

Open close to the front, reare, flanks,

Backward, forward, to the right, left, or either,

Backward and forward both together.

To the right, left, outward or in,

According to directions given.

To order, close, open, double,

Distance, distance, double, double :

For this alone prevents distraction,

And giveth lustre to the action.

Facings.

Face to the right, or to the left, both wayes to the

reare,
Inward, outward, and as you were :
To the front, reare, flanks, and peradventure
To every angle, and to the centre.

Doublings.

To bring more hands in the front to fight,

Double ranks unto the right,

Or left, or both, if need require,

Direct divisionall or intire :

By doubling files accordingly,

Your flanks will strengthened be thereby.

Halfe files and bringers-up likewise

To the front may double, none denies ;

Nor would it very strange appear

For th' front half files or double the reare :

The one half ranks to double the other,

Thereby to strengthen one the other.

Countermarches.

But lest I should seem troublesome,
To countermarches next I come.
Which, though they many seem to be,
Are all included in these three :
Maintaining, gaining, losing ground,
And severall wayes to each is found :
By which their proper motion 's guided,
In files, in ranks, in both divided.

Wheeling.

Wheel your battell ere you fight,

For better advantage to the right,

Or left, or round about

To either angle, or where you doubt

Your enemie will first oppose you ;

And therefore unto their Foot close you.

Divisionall wheeling I have seen

In sundrie places practis'd been,

To alter either form or figure,

By wheeling severall wayes together.

And, had I time to stand upon 't,

I'de wheele my wings into the front.

By wheeling flanks into the reare,

They'll soon reduce them as they were.

Besides, it seems a pretty thing

To wheel, front, and reare to either wing :

Wheele both wings to the reare and front ;

Face to the reare, and having done 't,

Close your divisions ; even your ranks,

Wheel front and reare into both flanks :

And thus much know, cause, note I'll smother,

To one wheeling doth reduce the other.

Conversion and Inversion.

One thing more and I have done ;

Let files rank by conversion :

To th' right, or th' left, to both, and then

Ranks by conversion fill again :

Troop for the colours, march, prepare for fight,

Behave yourselves like men, and so good night.

The summe of all that hath been spoken may be
comprised thus :
Open, close, face, double, countermarch, wheel, charge,

retire ;
Invert, convert, reduce, trope, march, make readie,

fire."

Anon.

LEADING ARTICLES OF FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.

The foreign correspondence of the English press
is an invaluable feature of that mighty engine of
civilisation and progress, for which the world cannot
be too thankful ; but as the agents in it at Paris,
Berlin, Vienna, &c, are more or less imbued with
the insular views and prejudices which they carry
with them from England, Scotland, or Ireland, it
were well if the daily journals devoted more at-
tention than they do to the leading articles of the
Continental press, which is frequently distin-
guished by great ability and interest, and would

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

219

enable Englishmen, not versed in foreign lan-
guages, to judge, from another point of view, of
Continental affairs — now becoming of surpassing
interest and importance. Translations or ab-
stracts of the leading articles of The Times, Morn-
ing Chronicle, Morning Post, &c, are constantly
to be met with in the best foreign papers. Why-
should not our great London papers more fre-
quently gratify their readers with articles from
the pens of their Continental brotherhood ? This
would afford an opportunity also of correcting the
false statements, or replying to the erroneous
judgments put forth and circulated abroad by
writers whose distinguished position enables them,
unintentionally no doubt, to do the more mischief.
A surprising change for the better, however, as
respects Great Britain, is manifest in the tone and
information of the foreign press of late years.
Let us cherish this good feeling by a correspond-
ing demeanour on our part. Alpha.

Materials for a History of Druidism. —
" It would be a commendable, useful, and easy task
to collect what the ancients have left us on the subject
of Druidism. Such a collection would form a very
small but interesting volume. It would supersede, in
every library, the idle and tedious dreams and con-
jectures of the Stukeleys, the Borlases, the Rowlands,
the Vallanceys, the Davies's, the Jones's, and the
Whitakers. Toland's work on the Druids, though
far from unexceptionable, has more solid intelligence
than any other modern composition of its kind. It is
a pity that he or some other person has not given as
faithful translations of the Irish Christian MSS. which
lie mentions, as these have, no doubt, preserved much
respecting Druidical manners and superstitions, of
which many vestiges are still existing, though not of
the kind usually referred to."

" The Roman history of Britain can only be col-
lected from the Roman writers ; and what they have
left is very short indeed. It might be disposed of in
the way recommended for the History of the Druids."
— Douce's notes on Whitaker's History of Manchester,
\ol. i. p. 136. of Corrections in Book L, ibid. p. 148.

Anon.

Domestic Chapels. — There is an interesting
example of a domestic chapel, with an upper
chamber over it for the chaplain's residence, and
a ground floor underneath it for some undiscover-
able purpose, to be seen contiguous to an ancient
farm-house at Ilsam, in the parish of St. Mary
Church, in the county of Devon.

The structure is quite ecclesiastical in its cha-
racter, and appears to have been originally, as
siow, detached from the family house, or only con-
nected with it by a short passage leading to the floor
on which the chapel itself stood. John James.

Ordinary. — The following is a new meaning for
the word ordinary : — " Do ye come in and see my
poor man, for he is piteous ordinary to-day." This
speech was addressed to me by a poor woman who
wished me to go and see her husband. He was
ordinary enough, although she had adorned his
head with a red night-cap ; but her meaning was
evidently that he was far from well ; and Johnson's
Dictionary does not give this signification to the
word.

A cottage child once told me that the dog
opened his mouth " a power wide." 2HH. $.

Thorns Irish Almanac and Official Directory
for 1854. — In the advertisement prefixed to this
valuable compilation, which, according to the
Quarterly Review, " contains more information
about Ireland than has been collected in one
volume in any country," we may find the follow-
ing words :

" All parliamentary and official documents pro-
curable, have been collected ; and their contents, so far
as they bore on the state of the country, carefully
abstracted ; and where any deficiencies have been ob-
servable, the want has been supplied by applications to
private sources, which, in every instance, have been
most satisfactorily answered. He [Mr. Thom] is also
indebted to similar applications to the ruling authori-
ties of the several religious persuasions for the undis-
puted accuracy of the ecclesiastical department of the
Almanac." •

I wish to call attention to the latter words ;
and in so doing, I assure you, I feel only a most
anxious desire to see some farther improvements
effected by Mr. Thom.

I cannot allow " the undisputed accuracy of the
ecclesiastical department," inasmuch as I have de-
tected, even on a cursory examination, very many
inaccuracies which a little care would certainly
have prevented. For example, in p. 451. (Eccle-
siastical Directory, Established Church and Dio-
cese of Dublin), there are at least five grave
mistakes, and four in the following page. These
pages I have taken at random. I could easily
point out other pages equally inaccurate ; but I
have done enough I think to prove, that while I
willingly accord to the enterprising publisher the
full meed of praise he so well deserves, a little
more attention should be paid in future to the
preparation of the ecclesiastical department.

Abhba.

Antiquity of the Word " Snub." —

" Beware we then euer of discontente, and snubbe it
betimes, least it overthrowe us as it hath done manie."

"Such snubs as these be little cloudes." — Comfort-
able Notes on Genesis, by Gervase Babington, Bishop
of Exeter, 1596.

J. R. P.

Charles I. at Little Woolford. — There is an
ancient house at Little Woolford (in the south-

220

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

east corner of "Warwickshire) connected with
•which is a tradition that Charles I., after the
battle of Edge Hill, which is not far distant,
secreted himself in an oven there. This oven is
preserved for the inspection of the curious.

B. H. C.

Coincidences between Sir Thomas Browne and
Bishop Ken. — Sir Thomas Browne wrote his Ite-
ligio Medici in 1533-5 ; and in it suggested some
familiar verses of the " Evening Hymn " of his
brother Wykehamist Bishop Ken. The lines are
as follows :

Sir Thomas Browne.

" Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
Whose eyes are open, while mine close ;
Let no dreams my head infest,
But such as Jacob's temples blest:
Sleep is a death : oh, make me try,
By sleeping, what it is to die !
And as gently lay my head
On my grave, as now my bed.
Howe'er I rest, great God, let me
Awake again at last with Thee."

Bishop Ken.

" Let no ill dreams disturb my rest ;
No powers of darkness me molest.
Teach me to live, that I may dread
The grave as little as my bed :
Teach me to die, that so I may
Rise glorious at the awful day.
Oh, may my soul on Thee repose,
And with sweet sleep mine eyelids close;
Sleep that may me more vigorous make,
To serve my God when I awake."

I have never seen this curious coincidence
noticed by any of the good bishop's biographers,
Hawkins, Bowles, or Mr. Anderdon.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

The English School of Painting. — In a note to
a volume of poems by Victor Hugo, published in
1836, occur these remarks :

" M. Louis Boulanger, a qui ces deux ballades sont
dediees, s'est place bien jeune au premier rang de
cette nouvelle generation de peintres, qui promet
d'elever notre ecole au niveau des magnifiques ecoles
d'ltalie, d'Espagne, de Flandre, et d'Angleterre."

Does this praise of the English school of paint-
ing show a correct appreciation of its claims to
distinction ? or am I in error in supposing, as I
have done, that our school of painting is not en-
titled to the pompous epithet of " magnifique,"
nor to be named in the same category with the
Italian, Spanish, and Flemish schools ? I am
aware of the hackneyed and somewhat hyperbolical
employment, by French writers and speakers, of
such terms as magnifique, superbe, grandiose; and
that they do not convey to a French ear the same
idea of superiority, as they do to our more sober

English judgment ; but making every allowance
on this score, I confess I was not a little startled
to find such a term as magnifique, even in its
most moderate acceptation, applied to our efforts
in that branch of art. Magnifique, in truth, must
be our school, when the French can condescend
to speak of it in such language !

Henry H. Breen.
St. Lucia.

" A Feather in your Cap." — My good friend
Dr. Wolff mentioned in conversation a circum-
stance (also stated, I fancy, in his Journey to
Bokhara) which seemed to afford a solution of the
common expression, " That's a feather in your
cap." I begged he would give it me in writing,
and he has done so. " The Kaffr Seeyah Poosh
(meaning the infidels in black clothing) living
around Cabul upon the height of the mountains
of the Himalaya, who worship a god called
Dagon and Imra, are great enemies of the Mu-
hamedans ; and for each Muhamedan they kill,
they wear a feather in their heads. The same is
done among the Abyssinians and Turcomans."

Has the feather head-dress of the American
Indian, and the eagle's feather in the bonnet of
the Highlander, any connexion with keeping a
score of the deaths of the enemies or game they
have killed ? Alfred Gatty.

H&UCtitS.

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE : LICENCES TO CRENEL-
LATE.

Previous to the publication of the second volume
of the Domestic Architecture of the Middle Ages,
you were kind enough to insert some Queries for
me respecting existing remains of houses of the
fourteenth century, which elicited some useful
Notes, partly through your columns and partly
from private friends who were thus reminded of
my wants. I am now preparing for the press the
third and concluding volume of that work, com-
prising the period from the reign of Richard II.
to that of Henry VIII. inclusive. I shall be glad
of information of any houses of that period re-
maining in a tolerably perfect state, in addition to
those mentioned in the Glossary of Architecture.
I have reason to believe that there are many; and
one class, the halls of the different guilds, seem to
have been generally overlooked.

With the kind assistance of Mr. Duffus Hardy,
I have obtained a complete list of the licences to
crenellate contained in the Patent Rolls, and some
other records preserved in the Tower. Most of
these have the name of the county annexed ; but
there are a few, of which I add a list, in which no
county is mentioned, and local information is ne-
cessary in order to identify them. Perhaps some

Mae. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

221

of your numerous readers will be able to assist
me.

Licences to Crenellate.

When granted.

Name of Place.

To whom granted.

22 Edward I.

Melton.

John de Cokefeld.

17 Edward II.

Molun.

Raymond de Grismak.

t Edward III.

Newton in Makerfeld.

Robert de I.aneeton.

9 Edward III.

Esselynjton.

Robert de Esselyngton.

12 Edward III.

Cublesdon.

John Trussell.

Ditto.

La Beche.

Nicholas de la Beche.

Ditto.

Beaumes.

Ditto.

15 Edward III.

Prinjiham.

Reginald de Cobham.

Ditto.

Orkcsdene.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Stanstede.

Robert Burcrhchier.

1G Edward III.

Credonlo.

Bernard de Dalham.

Ditto.

Heyhered.

William T*engleys.

18 Edward III.

Chevelyngham.

Thomas de Aeton.

J. H. Parker.

DIXON OF BEESTON.

Will the Editor be kind enough to insert the
accompanying letter, for if true, it is worthy of a
place in the heraldic portion of "N. & Q.," and
if not true, its imposture should stand recorded?
On receiving it I sent a copy to my brother, Mr.
J. H. Dixon, an able antiquary, and late of the
council of the Percy Society, who, somewhat too
hastily I think, and without sufficient proof, re-
jected the information offered. That the family
which my brother represents is a "good old" one,
is sufficiently attested by the pedigree furnished
by Thoresby in the Ducatus Leodiensis, and thence
copied by Mr. Burke in his Landed Gentry ; but
-of its earlier history there is no reliable account,
unless that by Mr. Spence can be considered
such.

I shall feel very much obliged if any of your
correspondents learned in the genealogies of York-
shire and Cheshire could either corroborate the
genuineness of the information tendered by Mr.
Spence, or prove the reverse ; and it is only fair
to that gentleman to add that he is entitled to
credibility on the written testimony of the Rev.
Mr. Knox, Incumbent of Birkenhead.

K. W. Dixon, J. P.

Seaton Carew, co. Durham.

Sir,

Having been engaged by Miss Cotgreave, of No-
therlegh House, near Chester, to inspect and arrange
the title-deeds and other documents which belonged to
her father, the late Sir John Cotgreave, I find a very
ancient pedigree of the Cotgreaves de Hargrave in that
county ; which family became extinct in the direct
male line in the year 1724, but which was represented
through females by the above Sir J. C.

It is the work of the great Camden, anno 1598, from
documents in the possession of the Cotgreave family,
and contains the descents of five generations of the
Dixons of Beeston, in the county of York, and Con-
gleton, Cheshire, together with their marriages and
armorial bearings, commencing with " Ralph Dixon,
Esq., de Beeston and Congleton, living temp. Hen. VI.,

who was slain whilst fighting on the part of the York-
ists, at the battle of Wakefield, a.d. 1460."

Presuming that you are descended from this ancient
family, I will (if you think proper) transmit to you
extracts from the aforesaid pedigree, as far as relates to
your distinguished progenitors, conditionally that you
remunerate me for the information and definition of
the armorial bearings, there being five shields, contain-
ing twelve quarterings connected with the family of
Dixon.

Miss Cotgreave will allow me to make the extracts,
and has kindly consented to attest the same.

The arms of Dixon, as depicted in the Cotgreave
pedigree, are " Sable, a fleur-de-lis or, a chief ermine,"
quartering the ensigns of the noble houses of " Robert
Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas in the county of Chester,
temp. William the Conqueror ; Eustace Crewe de
Montalt, Lord of Hawarden, Flintshire, during the
said reign ; Robert de Umfreville, Lord of Tours, and
Vian, and Reddesdale, in Northumberland, who flou-
rished in the same reign also ; Pole, Talboys, Welles,
Latimer," and others.

In the pedigree, Camden states that the aforesaid
" Ralph Dixon quartered the ensigns of the above
noble families in right of his mother Maude, daughter
and co-heiress of Sir Ralph Fitz-Hugh de Congleton
and Elton in the county palatine of Chester."
1 have the honour to be, Sir,

Your very obedient humble servant,

William Sidney/ Spence,

Priory Place, Birkenhead,

Chester.

Dec. 14. 1848.

^Itnor <Rucvic£.

Atherstone Family. — Can any of your readers
oblige me with information concerning the Ather-
stone family ? Is it an old name, or was it first
given some three or four generations back to a
foundling, picked up near the town of Atherston ?

M. A. B.

Classic Authors and the Jeivs. — Where can I
find a complete or full account of passages in
Greek and Latin authors, which refer to Judea
and the Jews ? It has been said that these refer-
ences are very few, and that in Cicero, for in-
stance, there is not one. This last is wrong, I
know. (See e. g. Cic. Pro L. Flacco, 28., and De
Prov. Consul. 5.) B. H. C.

Bishop Hoopers Argument on the Vestment
Controversy. — Glocester llidley, in his Life of
Bishop Ridley, p. 315., London, 1763, states, in
reference to Bishop Hooper's Book to the Council
against the use of those Habits which were then used
by the Church of England in her sacred Ministries,
written October, 1550, " Part of Hooper's book I
have by me in MS." Could any one state whe-
ther that MS. is now in existence, or where it is
to be found ? It is of much importance to obtain

222

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

an answer to this inquiry, as Bishop Ridley's MS.
Reply to Bishop Hooper is, for the first time,
about to be printed by the Parker Society,
through the kind permission of its possessor, Sir
Thomas Phillipps, Bart., in the second volume of
the Writings of* Bradford which I am editing ;
and, to make Ridley's reply fully intelligible, ac-
cess is needed to Bishop Hooper's Book to the
Council. A. Townsend.

Weston Lane, Bath,
February 23.

The Title of " Dominus." — How is it that at
Cambridge the title of Dominus is applied to
B. A.'s, while at Oxford it is confined to the doc-
torate ? W. Fkaseb.

Tor-Moliun.

The De Rous Family. — Hugh Rufus, or De
Rous, was Bishop of Ossory, a.d. 1202. He had
been previously an Augustinian Canon of Bodmin,
in Cornwall. Query, Was he a cadet of the an-
cient family of De Rous ; and if so, what was his
descent ? James Graves.

Where was the Fee of S. Sanxon? — At the
end of " Ordericus Vitalis," in the Gesta Norman-
norum, is a list called the " Feoda Normannias,"
wherein, under the title " Feoda Ebroic," occurs
the entry :

" S. Sanxon dim. f. in friche."

Francis Drake, in his Antiquities of York, Lon-
don, 1736, p. 70., speaks of " Sampson, or Sanxo"
ihe archbishop of that see; and elsewhere men-
tions the parish church of S. Sampson, " called by
some Sanxo."

What I wish to ask is, Where was this half fee
of S. Sanxon ? Whether it had any connexion
with Sanson sur Rille ? And whether it was the
place from which " Ralph de S. Sanson" or " San-
son Clericus" of the Domesday Book, who was
afterwards Bishop of Worcester, derived his
name ? * *

Russian Emperors. — Is there any truth in a
rumour that was current two or three years since
respecting the limited period that was placed
upon the reign of any Russian monarch ? Twenty-
five years was the time stated, at the termination
of which the Emperor had to abdicate. As this
period has elapsed, and no abdication has taken
place by the present Autocrat, some one may
perhaps be able to state how such a statement
originated, and upon what grounds ?

Thos. Crosfield.

Episcopal Insignia of the Eastern Church. —
Having seen in a late number of the Rlustrated
London Neivs (Feb. 11, 1854) a peculiarly shaped
episcopal staff, with a cross rising from between
two in-curved dragons' heads, which is repre-

sented in the hand of the metropolitan of Walla-
chia, I would be glad to know whether this form
is peculiar to any branch of the Eastern Church.
A reference to a work of authority on the subject
will oblige a provincialist. James Graves.

Amontillado Sherry. — What is the real meaning
of this epithet ? A friend, who had travelled in
Spain, and visited some famous cellars at Xeres,
told me that the peculiar flavour of the Amontil-
lado Sherry was always an accidental result of
mixing butts of wine brought to the merchant by
a variety of growers. I mentioned this to another
friend who had the wine on his table ; and he
ridiculed the account, saying that the Amontil-
lado Sherry was from a grape peculiar to the dis-
trict. What district, I could not ascertain.

Alfred Gatty.

Col. Michael Smith's Family. — Perhaps some
of your readers may be enabled to give me some
information of the family of Smith, to which Col.
Michael Smith, Lieut.-Governor of Nevis about
1750, belongs. A West Indian.

Pronunciation of Foreign Names. — How shall
we pronounce Sinope, Citate, and many other
words which are now becoming familiar to our
eyes ? I think the bookseller who should give us
a vocabulary of proper names of foreign persons
and places, with the correct pronunciation at-
tached, would be encouraged by an extensive sale.
So far as my knowledge extends, such a work is a
desideratum. Thinks I to Myself.

Artesian Wells. — One who is about to dig a
well on his land would be glad to know: — 1.
Whether, in all cases, artesian wells are preferable ?
2. If yes, why they are not universally adopted,
and whether they are more expensive than the
common sort ? 3. If not preferable in all cases, in
what cases they are preferable ? Stylites.

Norman Towers in London. — Can you inform
me if there is any other church in the city of
London with a Norman tower, besides Allhallows,
Mark Lane ? which, by the bye, has been colour-
washed : I suppose, to preserve it ! J. W. Brown.

Papyrus. — Where, or of whom, can a specimen
of Papyrus be obtained ? R. H.

Islington.

Mathew, a Cornish Family. — I am anxious to
know the connexion of a family of Mathew, late
of Tresungar, co. Cornwall, with any stock in
Wales ; and I will gladly defray any necessary
expense of search, if I can attain this object. The
descent of a family of the name, apparently the
same from the arms, in an old recueil of Devon-
shire families, is headed " nuper de Wallia ; " and
a visitation of that county ascribes their bearing

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

223

(a stork) to a marriage with an heir of Starkey,
which I have been unable to verify. A Visitation
of Cornwall, to which I have had access, gives a
grant, or probably a confirmation of the arms by
Cooke. If this celebrated Herald's grants are on
record, some clew would probably be found ; but
I doubt not that many of your readers well versed
in genealogical research can readily answer my
Query, and I trust to their kindness to do so. B.
Birkenhead.

ifttnar <8}uzxit& tut'ti) 3n£roer£.

Bunyan's Descendants. — As a recent Query re-
specting John Bunyan may lead to some notices
of his descendants, perhaps I may be informed in
what edition of his works it is stated that a branch
of his family settled in Nottingham ? for I find
in the burgess-roll of that borough that George
Bunyan was entered freeman in 1752. William
Bunyan, lieutenant in the navy, 1767; Thomas
Bunyan, hosier, 1776. In event of the above
story being verified, a pedigree may possibly be
extracted hereafter from the parish registers of
the town. As far as my own examination goes,
the editions in the British Museum afford no cor-
roboration to what I have heard. Furvus.

Plumstead Common.

[We have been favoured with the following article
on this subject from George Offor, Esq., of Hackney :

" Where are John Bunyan 's Descendants ? — It is na-
tural to inquire after the ancestors and descendants of
great men, although experience proves that intellectual
greatness runs not in blood, for earth's great and most
illustrious sons descended from and left descendants
who merged among the masses of her little ones. Of
his ancestors Bunyan boasted not, but pleaded witli
the readers of the first edition of his Sighs from Hell,
1 Be not ashamed to own me because of my low and
contemptible descent in the world.' From the life of
the great dreamer, appended to my second edition of
Bunyan's works (Blackie, Glasgow), it appears that
he left three children: Thomas, a valuable member of
his church ; Joseph, who settled in Nottingham ; and
Sarah. Joseph is named by one of Bunyan's earliest
biographers, who told his father that 'a worthy citizen
of London would take him apprentice without money,
which might be a great means to advance him ; but he
replied to me, God did not send him to advance his family,
but to preach the Gospel.'

" The Rev. J. H. A. Rudd of Bedford and Elstow has
most kindly searched the registers of Elstow and Gold-
ington, and has discovered some interesting entries ;
and, as his numerous engagements will permit, he will
search the registry of the parish churches in Bedford
and its vicinity. Information would be most accept-
able relative to Bunyan's father and mother, his two
wives, and his children, John, Elizabeth, arid Mary,
who died in his life-time ; and also as to Joseph. If
your correspondent Furvus would search the registers
at Nottingham, he might discover some valuable re-

cords of that branch of the family. Bunyan is said to
have been baptized about 1653 ; and in the Elstow re-
gister it appears that his daughter Mary was registered
as baptized July 20, 1650, while his r.sxt daughter,
Elizabeth, is on the register as born April 14, 1654,
showing the change in his principles, as to infant bap-
tism, to have taken place between those periods. The
family Bible given by John Bunyan to his son Joseph,
now in my possession, confirms the statement verbally
communicated to me by his descendant Mrs. Senegar,
that her great-grandfather Joseph, having conformed to
please his rich wife, was anxious to conceal his affinity
to the illustrious tinker. The registers contained in it
begin with Joseph's son Thomas and Susannah his wife,
and it is continued to Robert Bunyan, born 1775, and
who was lately living at Lincoln. I should be most
happy to show the Bible and copies of registers in my
possession to any one who will undertake to form a
genealogy." George Offor.]

Epigram on Dennis. —
" Should Dennis publish you had stabb'd your brother,
Lampoon'd your monarch, or debauch'd your mo-
ther," &c.

is printed as by Savage in Johnson's Life of
Savage. In the notes to The Dunciad, i. 106., it
is said to be by Pope. Utri credemus ? S. Z. Z. S.
[From the fact, that this epigram was not only at-
tributed to Pope, in the notes to the second edition
of The Dunciad, published in 1729, but also in those of
1 743, the joint edition of Pope and Warburton, and
both published before the death of Pope, it seems ex-
tremely probable that he was the author of it ; more
especially as he had been exasperated by a twopenny
tract, of which Dennis was suspected to be the writer,
called A True Character of Mr. Pope and his Writings :
printed for S. Popping, 1716. DTsraeli however, in
his Calamities of Authors, art. " The Influence of a bad
Temper in Criticism," quoting it from Dr. Johnson,
conjectures it was written on the following occasion :
" Thomson and Pope charitably supported the veteran
Zoilus at a benefit play, and Savage, who had nothing
but a verse to give, returned them very poetical thanks
in the name of Dennis. He was then blind and old,
but his critical ferocity had no old age ; his surliness
overcame every grateful sense, and he swore as
usual, ' They could be no one's but that fool Sa-
vage's,' an evidence of his sagacity and brutality. This
perhaps prompted ' the fool ' to take this fair revenge
and just chastisement." After all, Dr. Johnson, who
was at the time narrating Savage's intimate acquaint-
ance with Pope, may have attributed to the former
what seems to have been the production of the latter.]

Football played on Shrove Tuesday. — The people
of this and the neighbouring towns invariably play
at football on Shrove Tuesday. What is the ori-
gin of the custom ? and does it extend to other
counties ? J. P. S.

Dorking.

[" Shrove-tide," says Warton, " was formerly a season
of extraordinary sport and feasting. There was an-

224

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

ciently a feast immediately preceding Lent, which
lasted many days, called Carniscupium. In some cities
of France an officer was annually chosen, called Le
Prince d' Amoreux, who presided over the sports of the
youth for six days hefore Ash Wednesday. Some
traces of these festivities still remain in our Univer-
sities." In these degenerate days more is known, we
suspect, of pancakes and fritters, than of a football
match and a cock-fight: — the latter, we are happy to
say, is now almost forgotten among us. As to the
pancake custom, no doubt that is most religiously
observed by the readers of " N. & Q,.," in obedience to
the rubric of the Oxford Sausage :

" Let glad Shrove Tuesday bring the pancake thin,
Or fritter rich, with apples stored within."

According to Fitz-Stephen, " After dinner, all the
youths go into the fields to play at the ball. The
scholars of every school have their ball and bastion in
their hands. The ancient and wealthy men of the city
come forth on horseback to see the sport of the young
men, and to take part of the pleasure, in beholding
their agility." And till within the last few years :
". . . . The humble play

Of trap or football on a holiday,

In Finsbury fields," —
was sufficiently common in the neighbourhood of
London and other places. See Brande's Popular An-
tiquities, vol. i. pp. 63 — 94. (Bonn's edition), and
Hone's Every-Day Book, vol. i. pp. 244. 255—260.]

Vossioner; its Meaning. — In looking over a par-
cel of brass rubbings made some years since, I
find the word vossioner used, and not knowing its
signification, I should be glad to be enlightened
on the subject ; but, in order to enable your
readers to judge more correctly, I think it better
to copy the whole of the epitaph in which the
word occurs. The plate is in Ufton Church, near
Southam, county Warwick : it measures eighteen
inches in width by sixteen deep.

" Here lyeth the boddyes of Richard Hoddomes,
Parsson and Pattron and Vossioner of the Churche and
Parishe of Oufton, in the Countie of Warrike, who
died one Mydsomer Daye, 1587. And Margerye his
WifFe wth her seven Childryn, as namelye, Richard,
John, and John, Anne, Jane, Elizabeth, Ayles, his iiii
Daughters, whose soule restethe with God."

I give the epitaph verbatim, with its true or-
thography. There are some curious points in this
epitaph. First, the date of the death of the clergy-
man only is given ; second, the children are called
hers, while the four daughters are his; and two of
the sons bear the same Christian name, whilst only
one soul is said to rest with God. The family is
represented kneeling. Above the inscription, and
between the clergyman and his lady, is a desk, on
•which is represented two books lying open before
them. J. B. Whitborne.

[Vossioner seems to be a corruption of the Italian
voseignor, your lord, or the lord, i.e. owner or pro-

prietor. Many similar words were introduced by the
Italian ecclesiastics inducted into Church livings during
the sixteenth century. The inscription is given in Dug-
dale's Warwickshire, vol. i. p. 358.]

The Game of Chess. — At what period was the
noble game of chess introduced into the British
Isles ; and to whom are we indebted for its intro-
duction among us ? B. Ashton.

[The precise date of the introduction of this game
into Britain is uncertain. What has been collected
respecting it will be found in the Hon. Daines Bar-
rington's paper in Archceologia, vol. ix. p. 28. ; and in
Hyde's treatise, Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahiludii.
Oxonia?, 1694.]

A Juniper Letter. — Fuller, in describing a letter
written by Bishop Grosthead to Pope Innocent IV.,
makes use of a curious epithet, of which I should
be glad to meet with another instance, if it be not
simply a " Fullerism " :

" Bishop Grouthead offended thereat, wrote Pope
Innocent IV. such a juniper letter, taxing him with
extortion and other vicious practices." — Church His-
tory, book in., a.d. 1254.

J. M. B.

[" A juniper lecture," meaning a round scolding
bout, is still in use among the canting gentry.]

CLARENCE.

(Vol.ix., p. 85.)

Clarence is beyond all doubt the district com-
prehending and lying around the town and castle
of Clare in Suffolk, and not, as some have fanci-
fully supposed, the town of Chiarenza in the
Morea. Some of the crusaders did, indeed, ac-
quire titles of honour derived from places in
eastern lands, but certainly no such place ever
gave its name to an honorary feud held of the
crown of England, nor, indeed, has ever any
English sovereign to this day bestowed a territorial
title derived from a place beyond the limits of his
own nominal dominions ; the latest creations of the
kind being the earldoms of Albemarle and Tan-
kerville, respectively bestowed by William III.
and George I., who were both nominally kings of
Great Britain, France, and Ireland. In ancient
times every English title (with the exception of
Aumerle or Albemarle, which exception is only an
apparent one) was either personal, or derived from
some place in England. The ancient earls of
Albemarle were not English peers by virtue of
that earldom, but by virtue of the tenure of lands
in England, though, being the holders of a
Norman earldom, they were known in England
by their higher designation, just as some of the

Mae. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

225

Barons De Umfravill were styled, even in writs
of summons, by their superior Scottish title of
Earl of Angos. If these earls had not held En-
glish fees, they would not have been peers of
England any more than were the ancient Earls of
Tankerville and Eu. In later times the strictness
of the feudal law was so far relaxed, that in two
or three instances English peers were created with
territorial titles derived from places in the Duchy
of Normandy.

As to the locality of Clarence, see Sandford's
Genealogical History, 1707, p. 222. There is a
paper on the subject in the Gentleman's Magazine
for November, 1850. The king of arms called
Clarenceux, or in Latin Clarentius, was, as it has
been very reasonably conjectured, originally a
herald retained by a Duke of Clarence. (Noble's
History of the College of Arms, p. 61.) Hoping
ere long to send you some notes respecting certain
real or seeming anomalies amongst our English
dignities, I reserve some particulars which may,
perhaps, farther elucidate the present question.

GoLDENCROSS.

Your correspondent Honore de Mareville
has wandered too far in going to the Morea to
search for this title. Clare in Suffolk was one of
the ninety-five manors in that county bestowed by
the Conqueror upon Richard Fitzgilbert, who (as
well as his successor Gilbert) resided at Tunbridge,
and bore the surname of De Tonebruge. His
grandson Richard, the first Earl of Hertford, fixed
his principal seat at Clare, and thenceforth the
family took the surname of De Clare ; and in the
Latin documents of the time the several members
of it were styled Ricardus (or Gilbertus), Dominus
Clarensis, Comes Hertfordiensis. The name of
the lordship thus becoming the family surname, it
is easy to see how in common usage the formal
epithet Clarensis soon became Clarence, and why
Lionel, the son of Edward III., upon his mar-
riage with Elizabeth de Burgh, the grand-niece
and heiress of the last Gilbertus Clarensis, should
choose as the title for his dukedom the surname
of the great family of which he had now become
the representative. Vokaeos.

MILTON S WIDOW.

(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471. 544.
594.)

Garlichithe is again on the wrong scent. In
his first communication on this subject, he allowed
himself to go astray by mistaking Randle Min-
shull the grandfather for Randle Minshull the son ;
and now, with the like fatality, he fails to dis-
criminate between Richard Minshull the uncle,
and Richard Minshull the brother, of Elizabeth
Milton. A second examination of my Reply in

Vol. viii., p. 200., will suffice to show him that
Richard Minshull, the party to the deed there
quoted, was named by me as the brother, and not
the uncle, of Milton's widow, and that therefore
his argument, based on disparity of age, &c, falls
to the ground. On the other hand, Richard
Minshull of Chester, to whom the letter alluded
to was addressed, was the brother of Randle
Minshull of Wistaston, and by the same token,
uncle of Elizabeth Milton, and of Richard Min-
shull, her brother and co-partner in the deed
already referred to.

Garlichithe, and all others who have taken an
interest in this discussion, will now, I trust, see
clearly that there has been nothing adduced by
either Mr. Marsh or myself inconsistent with
ages or dates ; but that, on the contrary, all our
premises and conclusions are borne out by evi-
dence clear, irreproachable, and incontestable.

All objections being now, as I conceive, fully
combated and disposed of, the substance of our
investigations may be summed up in a very few
words. The statement of Pennant, adopted by
all succeeding writers, to the effect that Elizabeth,
the widow of John Milton, was a daughter of Sir
Edward Minshull of Stoke, is clearly proved to be
a fiction. It has been farther proved, from the
parish registers, as well as from bonds and other
documentary evidence, that she was, without
doubt, the daughter of Randle Minshull of Wis-
taston, a village about three miles from Nantwich ;
that she was the cousin of Milton's familiar friend,
Dr. Paget, and as such became entitled to a
legacy under the learned Doctor's will, and that
she is expressly named by Richard Minshull as
his sister in the deed before quoted. T. Hughes.

Chester.

THREE FLEURS-DE-LYS.

(Vol. ix., pp. 35. 113.)

Devoniensis is informed that an example of
this occurs in the arms of King James's School,
Almondbury, Yorkshire. The impression, as taken
from the great seal of the school, in which how-
ever the colours are not distinguished, may be
imperfectly described as follows : Three lions (two

over one) passant gardant , on a chief ,

three fleurs-de-lys .

As it is not unlikely that some other of King
James's foundations may have the same arms, it
would be considered a favour if any reader of
" N. & Q." possessing the information would com-
municate the proper colours in this case, or even
the probable ones. Camelodunensis.

Devoniensis is quite right in supposing that
the bearing of three fleurs-de-lys alone, horizontal,
in the upper part of the shield, — in other words,

226

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

in chief, fess-ways, — is a very rare occurrence.
I know of no instance of it in English blazon.
Coupled with another and principal charge, as a
fess, a chevron, a lion, &c. ; or in a chief, it is
common enough. Nor have I ever met with an
example of it in French coat-armour. An En-
glish family, named Rothfeld, but apparently of
German extraction, gives : Gules, two fleurs-de-
lys, in chief, ermine. Du Guesclin bore nothing
like a fleur-de-lys in any way. The armorial
bearings of the famous Constable were : Argent,
a double-headed eagle, displayed, sable, crowned,
or, debruised of a bend, gules.

John o' the Ford.
Malta.

P. S. — Since writing the above, I have read
three replies (Vol. ix., p. 84.), which do not ap-
pear to me to exactly meet the Query of Devo-
niensis.

I understand the question to be, does any
English family bear simply three fleurs-de-lys, in
chief, fess-ways — without any additional charge?
And in that sense my reply above is framed.

The first example given by Me. Mackenzie Wal-
cott would be most satisfactory and conclusive
of the existence of such a bearing, could it be
verified ; but, unfortunately, in the Heraldic Dic-
tionaries of Berry and Burke, the name even of
Trilleck or Trelleck does not occur. And in
Malta, I have no opportunity of consulting Ed-
mondson or Robson.

Your correspondent A. B. (p. 113.) has mis-
taken the three white lilies for fleurs-de-lys in
the arms of Magdalen College, Oxford. Waynflete,
the founder, was also Provost of Eton, and adopted
the device from the bearings of that illustrious
school ; by which they were borne in allusion to
St. Mary, to whom that College is dedicated.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.

(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346. 625. ; Vol. ix., p. 78.)

The well-known law dictionary, entitled The
Interpreter, by John Cowel, LL.D., was burned
(1610) under a proclamation of James I. (DTs-
raeli's Calamities of Authors, ed. 1840, p. 133.)

In June, 1622, the Commentary of David Pare,
or Paraeus On the Epistle to the Romans, was burned
at London, Oxford, and Cambridge, by order of
the Privy Council. (Wood's Hist, and Antiq. of
Univ. of Oxford, ed. Gutch, vol. ii. pp. 341 — 345. ;
Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, vol. iii. pp. 143, 144.)

On the 12th of February, 1634, Elenchus Re-
ligionis Papistical, by John Bastwicke, M.D., was
ordered to be burned by the High Commission
Court. (Prynne's New Discovery of the Prelates'1
Tyranny, p. 132.)

On the 10th of February, 1640-1, the House of
Lords ordered that two books published by John
Pocklington, D.D., entitled Altare Christianum,
and Sunday no Sabbath, should be publicly burned
in the city of London and the two Universities,
by the hands of the common executioner ; and on
the 10th of March the House ordered the Sheriffs
of London and the Vice-Chancellors of both the
Universities, forthwith to take care and see the
order of the House carried into execution. (Lords'
Journals, vol. iv. pp. 161. 180.)

On the 13th of August, 1660, Charles II. issued
a proclamation against Milton's Defensio pro Po-
pulo Anglicauo, his Answer to the Portraiture of
his Sacred Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings,
and a book by John Goodwin, late of Coleman
Street, London, Clerk, entitled The Obstructors
of Justice. All copies of these books were to be
brought to the sheriffs of counties, who were to
cause the same to be publicly burned by the hands
of the common hangman at the next assizes.
(Kennett's Register and Chronicle, p. 207.) This
proclamation is also printed in Collet's Relics of
Literature, with the inaccurate date 1672, and the
absurd statement that no copy of the proclamation
was discovered till 1797.

In January, 1692-3, a pamphlet by Charles
Blount, Esq., entitled King William and Queen
Mary, Conquerors, Sfc, was burned by the common
hangman in Palace Yard, Westminster. (Bohun's
Autobiography, ed. S. W. Rix, vol. xxiv. pp. 108,
109. 113. ; Wilson's Life of De Foe, vol. i.
p. 179 «.)

The same parliament consigned to the flames
Bishop Burnet's Pastoral Letter, which had been
published 1689. (Wilson's Life of De Foe, vol. i.
p. 179.)

On the 31st of July, 1693, the second volume of
Anthony ix Wood's Athena? Oxonienses was burned
in the Theatre Yard at Oxford by the Apparitor
of the University, in pursuance of the sentence of
the University Court in a prosecution for a libel
on the memory of Edward Hyde, Earl of Cla-
rendon. (Life of Mr. Anthony a Wood, ed. 1772,
p. 377.)

On the 25 th of February, 1702-3, the House of
Commons ordered De Foe's Shortest Way with the
Dissenters to be burned by the hands of the com-
mon hangman on the morrow in New Palace Yard.
(Wilson's Life of De Foe, vol. ii. p. 62.)

In or about 1709, John Humphrey, an aged
non-conformist minister, having published a
pamphlet against the Test, and circulated it
amongst the members of parliament, was cited
before a committee, and his work was ordered to
be burned by the common hangman. (Wilson's
Life of De Foe, vol. iii. p. 52.)

The North Briton, No. 45., was on the 3rd of
December, 1763, burned by the common hangman
at the Royal Exchange, by order of the House of

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

227

Commons. The following account is from Mal-
colm's Anecdotes of London, 4to., 1808, p. 282. :

" The 3rd of December was appointed for this silly
ceremony, which took, place before the Royal Ex-
change, amidst the hisses and execrations of the mob,
not directed at the obnoxious paper, but at Alderman
Harley, the sheriffs, and constables, the latter of whom
were compelled to fight furiously through the whole
business. The instant the hangman held the work to
a lighted link it was beat to the ground, and the po-
pulace, seizing the faggots prepared to complete its
destruction, fell upon the peace-officers and fairly
threshed them from the field ; nor did the alderman
escape without a contusion on the head, inflicted by a
bullet thrown through the glass of his coach ; and se-
veral other persons bad reason to repent the attempt
to burn that publicly which the sovereign people deter-
mined to approve, who afterwards exhibited a large
jack-boot at Temple Bar, and burnt it in triumph, un-
molested, as a species of retaliation."

I am not aware that what Mr. Malcolm terms a
"silly ceremony " has been repeated since 1763.

C. H. Cooper.
Cambridge.

I know not whether you have noticed the fol-
lowing :

" Droit le Roy ; or, A Digest of the Rights and
Prerogatives of the Imperial Crown of Great Britain.
By a Member of the Society of Lincoln's Inn. ' Dieu
et Mon Droit.' [Royal Arms, with G. It.] London :
printed and sold by W. Griffin, in Fetter Lane,

MDCCLXIV."

Lord Mahon {History of England, vol. v.
p. 175.) says:

" It was also observed, and condemned as a shallow
artifice, that the House of Lords, to counterbalance
their condemnation of Wilkes's violent democracy, took
similar measures against a book of exactly opposite
principles. This was a treatise or collection of pre-
cedents lately published under the title of Droit le Roy,
to uphold the prerogative of the crown against the
rights of the people. The Peers, on the motion of
Lord Lyttleton, seconded by the Duke of Grafton,
voted this book ' a false, malicious, and traitorous libel,
inconsistent with the principles of the Revolution to
which we owe the present happy establishment;' they
ordered that it should be burned by the hands of the
common hangman, and that the author should be taken
into custody. The latter part of the sentence, however,
no one took any pains to execute. The author was
one Timothy Brecknock, a hack scribbler, who, twenty
years afterwards, was hanged for being accessary to an
atrocious murder in Ireland."

A copy _ of the book (an octavo of xii. and 95
pages) is in my possession. It was apparently a
presentation copy, and formerly belonged to Dr.
Disney; at whose sale it was purchased by the
late Richard Heber, as his MS. note testifies.
Against the political views which this book advo-

cates, I say not one word ; as a legal treatise it is
simply despicable. H. Gough.

Lincoln's Inn.

The following extract is at the service of Bal-
lioeensis :

" In the seventh year of King James I., Dr. Cowel's
Interpreter was censured by the two Houses, as asserting
several points to the overthrow and destruction of
Parliaments, and of the fundamental laws and govern-
ment of the kingdom. And one of the articles charged
upon him to this purpose by the Commons, in their
complaint to the Lords, was, as Mr. Petyt says, out of
the Journal, this that follows :

" * 4thly. The Doctor draws bis arguments from
the imperial laws of the Roman Emperors, an argu-
ment which may be urged with as great reason, and
with as great authority, for the reduction of the state
and the clergy of England to the polity and laws in
the time of those Emperors ; as also to make the laws
and customs of Rome and Constantinople to be binding
and obligatory in the cities of London and York.*

" The issue of which complaint was, that the author,
for these his outlandish politics, was taken into custody,
and his book condemned to the flames : nor could the
dedication of it to his then grace of Canterbury save
it." — Atterbury's Rights, Powers, and Privileges of
Convocation, p. 7. of Preface.

Wm. Frasee, B.C.Li

Tor-Mohun.

I possess a copy of The Case of Ireland being
bound by Acts of Parliament in England stated, by
William Molyneux of Dublin, Esq., which appears
to have been literally " plucked as brand from the
burning," as a considerable portion of it is con-
sumed by fire. I have cut the following from a
sale catalogue just sent to me from Dublin :

" Smith's (Matthew) Memoirs of Secret Service,
Lond. 1696. Written by Charles, Earl of Peterbo-
rough, and is very scarce, being burnt by the hangman.
MS. note."

James Graves.

Kilkenny.

A decree of the University of Oxford, made
July 21, 1683, condemning George Buchanan's,
treatise De jure regni apud Scotos, and certain
other books, the names of which I do not know,
was on March 25, 1710, ordered by the House of
Lords to be burned by the hangman. This was
shortly after the trial of Dr. Sacheverel.

W. P. Storek.

Olney, Bucks.

different productions of different carcases.

(Vol. vi., p. 263.)

Up to a very recent period, it was held, even
by philosophers, that each of the four elements,
as well as every living plant and animal, both

228

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

brute and human, generated insects ; but of all
sources of this equivocal generation, none was
considered more potent than the putrefaction or
corruption of animal matter : as Du Bartas says :

" God, not contented to each kind to give,
And to infuse the virtue generative,
I By His wise power, made many creatures breed,
Of lifeless bodies without Venus' deed."

Sixth Day.

Pliny, after giving Virgil's receipt for making
bees, gives similar instances :

" Like as dead horses will breed waspes and hornets ;
and asses carrion, turne to be beetle-flies by a certaine
metamorphosis which Nature maketh from one creature
to another." — Lib. xi. c. xx.

And soon after he says of wasps :

" All the sorte of these live upon flesh, contrarie to
the manner of bees, which will not touch a dead carcasse."

This brings Shakspeare's lines to mind :

" 'Tis seldom when the bee doth leave her comb
In the dead carrion."

Henry IV., Part II. Act IV. Sc. 4.

The Belfast News Letter of Friday, Aug. 10,
1832, gives one of these rare occurrences :

" A few days ago, when the sexton was digging a
grave in Temple Cranney (a burying-place in Porta-
ferry, co. Down), he came to a coffin which had been
there two or three years: this he thought necessary to
remove. In this operation, he was startled by a great
quantity of wild bees issuing forth from the coffin ;
and upon lifting the lid, it was found that they had
formed their combs in the dead man's skull and mouth,
which were full. The nest was made of the hair of
the head, together with shavings that had been put in
the coffin with the corpse."

This quotation is given in an interesting work of
Mr. Patterson's, Letters on the Natural History
of the Insects mentioned in Shakspeare's Plays :
London, 1838.

Your correspondent R. T. shows that serpents
were supposed to be generated by human car-
cases. Pliny says :

" I have heard many a man say that the marrow of a
man's backebone will breed to a snake." — Hist. Nat.,
x. 66.

The story of the "fair young German gentleman"
reminds me of one of a gentle shepherd and his
beloved Amarante, told in De Britaine's Human
Prudence, 12th edit., Dublin, 1726, Parti, p. 171.
The corpse of the " Caesar," seen by St. Augustine
and Monica, was most probably that of Maximus,
Emperor of the West, slain by the soldiers of
Theodosius, a.d. 388.

Sir Thos. Browne — treating of the conceit that
the mandrake grows under gallowses, and arises

from the fat, or olpov, of the dead malefactor, and
hence has the form of a man — says :

" This is so far from being verified of animals in
their corruptive mutations into plants, that they main-
tain not this similitude in their nearer translation into
animals. So when the ox corrupteth into bees, or the
horse into hornets, they come not forth in the image of
their originals. So the corrupt and excrementitious
humours in man are animated into lice : and we may
observe that hogs, sheep, goats, hawks, hens, and others,
have one peculiar and proper kind of vermin." —
Works, Bonn's edit., vol. i. p. 197.

The editor furnishes the following note :

" The immortal Harvey, in his De Generatione,
struck the first blow at the root of the irrational system
called equivocal generation, when he laid down his brief
but most pungent law, Omnia ex ovo. But the belief
transmitted from antiquity, that living beings generated
spontaneously from putrescent matter, long maintained
its ground, and a certain modification of it is even still
advocated by some naturalists of the greatest acuteness.
The first few pages of the volume entitled Insect
Transformations (in The Library of Entertaining Know-
ledge') are occupied by a very interesting investigation
of tiiis subject." — See also Sir T. Browne's Works,
vol. i. p. 378., vol. ii. pp. 523, 524. ; and Izaak Walton's
Complete Angler, passim.

The equivocal generation of bees is copiously
dwelt on in Bochart's Hierozoicon, London, 1663,
fol., Part II. p. 502. Instances of their attaching
themselves to dead bodies, in spite of their ordi-
nary antipathy, are given at p. 506. Eirionnach.

VANDYKE IN AMERICA.

(Vol.viii., pp. 182. 228.)

To your correspondent C. I would say, that his
observation — that the Query was as to an en-
graving, whilst my answer was as to a picture —
is not true ; as I am sure, from memory, that Mr.
Westmacott used the word " portraits." But I
plead in extenuation of my pretended grave
offence, 1. That the Query was not propounded
by C, but by a gentleman to whom the informa-
tion given might be, as I supposed, of some in-
terest ; more particularly as I referred to the
Travels of an Englishman, both of which, author
and work, were accessible. 2. That, in common
with the American readers of "N. & Q.," I re-
garded it as " a journal of inter-communication,"
through whose columns information might be
asked for, the request to be treated with the same
consideration and courtesy as though addressed to
each individual subscriber. I may add that Lord
Braybrooke and Mr. Wodderspoon (Vol. iv.,
p. 17.) have urged "the necessity for recording
the existence of painted historical portraits, scat-
tered, as we know they are," &c.

Mae. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

229

Now, as to the expression " worthies, famous in
English history." I presume I need do no more
concerning its application to Lord Orrery, Sir
Robert Walpole, &c, than say, it was used as sig-
nifying " men of mark," without intending to en-
dorse their " worth " either morally, mentally, or
politically ; its application to Colonel Hill and
Colonel Byrd, as meaning " men of worth," might,
did your limits permit, be defended on high
grounds.

Then as to the possibility of Vandyke's having
painted the portraits. If C. will have the kind-
ness to look at C. Campbell's History of Virginia,
he will find, —

"1654. At a meeting of the Assembly, William
Hatchin, having been convicted of having called
Colonel Edward Hill 'an atheist and blasphemer,'
was compelled to make acknowledgment of his offence
upon his knees before Colonel Hill and the Assembly."

This Colonel Hill, generally known as Colonel
Edward Hill the Elder, a gentleman of great
wealth, built the mansion at Shirley, where his
portrait, brought from England, hangs in the
same place, in the same hall in which he had it
put up. It represents a youth in pastoral costume,
crook in hand, flocks in the background. By a
comparison of dates, C. will find it possible for
Vandyke to have painted it. (See Bryan's En-
gravers and Painters.) It has descended, along with
the estate, to his lineal representative, the present
owner. Its authenticity rests upon tradition
coupled with the foregoing facts, as far as I know
(though the family may have abundant docu-
mentary proof), and I doubt very much whether
many " Vandykes in England " are better ascer-
tained. I would add that several English gen-
tlemen, among them, as I have heard, a distin-
guished ambassador recently in this country, re-
cognised it as a Vandyke. This picture, amongst
others, was injured by the balls fired from the
vessels which ascended the James river, under
command of General Arnold, then a British
officer. On the younger Mr. Hill's tomb at
Shirley is a coat of arms, a copy of which, had I
one to send, would probably point out his family
in England.*

As to Colonel Byrd's portrait. There were, I
believe, three gentlemen of this name and title,

* It is curious to observe how matters of history
appear and disappear as it were. " The mighty Totti-
pottimoy," says Hudibras (part ii. cant. ii. 1.421.),— on
which the Rev. Dr. Nash has this note : " I don't
know whether this is a real name or only an imitation
of North- American phraseology ; the appellation of an
individual, or a title of office: "— Tottipottimoy was
king of the warlike and powerful Pamunkies, and was
defeated and slain by the Virginians, commanded by
Colonel Hill, in the action from which Bloody Run
takes its name.

more or less confounded in reputation, the second
of whom, generally known as " Colonel Byrd the
Elder," by reason of his son's history, was born
in 1674. The picture is of his father, that is, of
" old," or " the first Colonel Byrd," and is in the
same style as that of Colonel Hill's, representing
a shepherd lad. He was an English gentleman of
great wealth, and certainly of some benevolence.
In Campbell's Virginia, p. 104. (see also Old-
mixon, vol. i. p. 427.), it is stated, 1690, a large
body of Huguenots were sent to Virginia. " The
refugees found in Colonel Byrd, of Westover, a
generous benefactor. Each settler was allowed a
strip of land running back from the river to the
foot of the hill (Henrico County). Here they
raised cattle," &c. He sent his son to England to
be educated under the care of a friend, Sir Ro-
bert Southwell. The son became a Fellow of the
Royal Society, " was the intimate and bosom
friend of the learned and illustrious Charles Boyle,
Earl of Orrery," was the author of the Westover
MSS. (mentioned in Oldmixon's preface, 2nd ed.),
portions of which, " Progress to the Mines,"
" History of the Dividing Line," &c, have been
printed, others are in the library of the American
Philosophical Society.* His portrait is " by
Kneller, a fine old cavalier face," says Campbell.
The letters received at Westover might prove not
uninteresting even to C, seeing that there were
so many titled people among the writers ; and to
a gentleman of education and intelligence, the
Westover library would have been a treasure-
house. In the Loganian Library in this city is a
large MS. folio, whose title-page declares it to be
" a catalogue of books in the library at Westover,
belonging to William Byrd, Esq.," from which it
appears that in Law there were the English re-
porters (beginning with Y. B.) and text-writers,
laws of France, Scotland, Rome (various editions
of Pandects, &c.) ; Canon Law, with numerous ap-
proved commentators on each. In Physic a great
many works, which, as I am told, were, and some
still are, of high repute : I note only one, Poor
Planter s Physician interleaved. This, to every
one who has been upon a great Virginia plant-
ation, bespeaks the benevolence characteristic of
the proprietors of Westover. In Divinity, besides
pages of orthodox divines, Bibles in various lan-
guages (several in Hebrew, one in seven vols.),
are Socinius, Bellarmine, &c. The works on Me-
tallurgy, Natural History, Metaphysics, Military
Science, Heraldry, Navigation, Music, &c, are very
numerous ; and either of the collections of history,
or entertainment, or classics, or political science,
would form no inconsiderable library of itself.

* There is a curious passage in the Westover MSS.
concerning William Penn, of which Mr. Macaulay
should have a copy, unless one has been already sent
to him.

230

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

An impression of Colonel Byrd's book-plate, given
by a friend, is enclosed. I must add that the
pictures at Brandon are at that mansion, through
the marriage of Mr. Harrison (a signer of the De-
claration of Independence) with the daughter of
the third Colonel Byrd.

I have occupied much more space than I in-
tended, but I have said enough I hope to show,
1. That it is possible, from dates, from the cha-
racter, wealth, and position of Mr. Byrd and Mr.
Hill, together with the length of time the pictures
have remained in the respective families, for Van-
dyke to have painted these portraits. 2. That as
men who directed the energies, developed the re-
sources, of our infant settlements, who brought
hither the products of science, literature, and art,
who exhibited the refinements of birth, the graces
of good breeding, yet'were always ready to serve
their country in the. field or in the council, Mr.
Byrd and Mr. Hill are vastly more worthy of com-
memoration and reverence than all the Earls of
Dredlington that ever sat at his majesty's Board
of Green Cloth. J. Baech.

Philadelphia.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Cyanide of Potassium It may be interesting to

your photographic friends to know that cyanide of
potassium is capable of replacing hyposulphite of soda
in all collodion processes. If used of the strength of
five grains to one ounce of water, no danger need be
apprehended from it. Its merits are cleanliness, quick-
ness of operation, and the minute quantity of water re-
quired for washing the picture fixed therewith.

J. B. Hockin.

Mode of exciting Calotype Paper. — I forgot inserting
this plan of exciting in my paper : it is very clean and
convenient, simple and sure. Obtain a piece of plate
glass, two or three inches larger than your paper, level
it on a table with a few bits of wood, pour on it your
exciting mixture (say aceto-nitrate and gallic acid,
solution of each 20 minims, distilled water 1 ounce),
and spread it evenly over with a scrap of blotting-
paper. Float your paper two minutes, remove and
blot off; this ensures perfect evenness, especially if the
paper is large. You may thus excite half a dozen papers
with little more trouble than one.

Thos. L. Mans ell.

The Double Iodide Solution — Purity of Photographic
Chemicals. — The observations of Ma. Leachman upon
the solvent powers of iodide of potassium (Vol. ix„
p. 182.) are perfectly correct, but 1 believe our photo-
" graphic chemicals are often much adulterated. The
iodide of potassium is frequently mixed with the car-
bonate. Dr. Mansell writes me word, in a comment
upon your note upon his communication, " What I
used was very pure, having been prepared by Mr. Ar-
nold with great care : it was some that had gone to the
Great Exhibition as a sample of Guernsey make, and

obtained a medal." I have this day used exactly seven
ounces avoirdupois to make a pint of the iodizing
solution, which, within a few grains, agrees with my
former results. Nitrate of silver, I am informed upon
a most respectable authority, has been adulterated
thirty percent., and without careful testing has eluded
detection ; but I am inclined to think our cheapest
article has come in for its largest share of mixture. I
have lately perfectly failed in the removal of the iodide
of silver with a saturated solution of what I purchased
as hyposulphite of soda, but which could have been
little else than common Glauber's salts ; for upon ap-
plying a similar solution of some which was made by
M. Butka of Prague, and supplied me by Messrs.
Simpson and Maule, the effect was almost immediate,
demonstrating how much we are misled in our con-
clusions, from believing we are manipulating with the
same substances, when in fact they are quite different.

Hugh W. Diamond.

Hyposulphite of Soda Baths. — Is there any objec-
tion to using the same bath (saturated solution of
hyposulphite) for fixing both paper calotype negatives
and positives printed on albumenized paper from glass
collodion negatives ? C. E. F.

3Xt$liti ta j&tnor dkutties.

Daughters taking their Mothers'' Names (Vol.
viii., p. 586.). — Buriensis asked for instances of
temp. Edvv. I., II., III., of a daughter adding to
her own name that of her mother : as Alice,
daughter of Ada, &c. Though I am not able to
furnish an instance of a daughter doing so, I can
refer him to a few of sons using that form of sur-
name some years earlier, but the practice seems
very limited. Thus in Liber de Antiquis Legibus,
published by the Camden Society, we have, among
the early sheriffs of London in 1193, Willielnius
filius Ysabelis, or, as in the appendix 222, Ysabel ;
in 1200, Willielnius filius Alicie; in 1213, Mar-
tinus filius Alicie ; and in 1233 and 1246, Symon
filius Marie, — the same person that, as Simon
Fitz-Mary, is known as the founder of the Hos-
pital of St. Mary Bethlehem Without, Bishops-
gate. W. S. W.

Middle Temple.

The Young Pretender (Vol. ix., p. 177). — Will
Ceyrep, or any other correspondent, furnish me
with particulars of the Young Pretender's marriage
with a daughter of the House of Stolberg ; her
name, place of burial, &c. ? She was descended
maternally from the noble House of Bruce, through
the marriage of Thomas, second Earl of Aylesbury
and third Earl of Elgin, with Charlotte (his second
wife) Countess of Sannu, or Sannau, of the House
of Argenteau. They had a daughter, Charlotte
Maria, I suppose an only child, who was married
in the year 1722 to the Prince of Horn. These
had issue Mary and Elizabeth, whom.also I suppose

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

231

to have been only children. One of them married
the Prince of Stolberg, and the other the Prince
of Salm. One of the descendants of this family
was an annuitant on the estate of the Marquis of
Aylesbury, as recently as twelve or fourteen years
ago. Information on any part of this descent
would confer an obligation on Patonce.

A Legend of the Hive (Vol. ix., p. 167.).— With
every feeling of gratitude to Eirionnach, I cannot
receive praise for false metre and erroneous gram-
mar. In the fifth line of the first stanza of the
quoted verse, the first of the above legend, " are"
is redundant : and in the first line of the next
stanza, " bore " should be " bare." I remember
that in more cases than one the printer of my
published rhymes has perpetrated this latter mis-
take.

Suffer me to reply to a question of the same
courteous critic Eirionnach, in Vol. ix., p. 162.,
about a " Christ-cross-row." This name for the
alphabet obtained in the good old Cornish dame-
schools when I was a boy. In a book that I have
seen, there is a vignette of a monk teaching a little
boy to read, and beneath

" A Christ- Cross Rhyme.

i.

" Christ his cross shall be my speed !

Teach me, Father John, to read :

That in church, on holy-day,

I may chant the psalm and pray.

ii.
" Let me learn, that I may know
What the shining windows show ;
Where the lovely Lady stands,
With that bright Child in her hands.

m.
" Teach me letters one, two, three,
Till that I shall able be
Signs to know and words to frame,
And to spell sweet Jesu's name !

IV.

" Then, dear master, will I look
Day and night in that fair book,
Where the tales of saints are told,
With their pictures all in gold.

v.
" Teach me, Father John, to say
Vesper-verse and matin-lay ;
So when I to God shall plead,
Christ his cross will be my speed !"

H. or Morwenstow.

Hoby Family (Vol. viii., p. 244. ; Vol.ix., pp. 19.
58.). — Sir Philip Hoby, or Hobbie, who was born
in 1505, and died in 1558, was not only Gentle-
man of the Privy Chamber to Henry VIII., but,
while he held that office, was attached to the
embassy of Sir Thomas Wyatt to the Emperor

Charles V. in 1538. He was himself ambassador
to the same Emperor in 1548, being sent by the
Protector Somerset to replace the Bishop of West-
minster. It may be interesting to state that two
volumes of papers containing instructions and other
letters transmitted to Sir Philip during these em-
bassies, and copies of his replies, together with his
correspondence with some eminent reformers, were
in the possession of Wm. Hare, Esq., M. P. for
the city of Cork in 1796. An account of them,
drawn up by the Rev. T. D. Hincks, was read
before the Royal Irish Academy on December 17
in that year, and printed in the sixth volume of
its Transactions. It is probable that these papers
had formerly belonged to Rev. Sir Philip Hoby,
Bart., who was Dean of Ardfert and Chancellor of
St. Patrick's ; and died without an heir in 1766.
He was descended from Sir Thomas Hoby, younger
brother of Sir Philip ; who was born in 1530, and
died in 1566. The father of these two knights
was William Hobbie of Leominster. I presume
the two volumes of papers referred to are in the
possession of the Earl of Listowel, great-grandson
of the gentleman who possessed them in 1796.

E. H. D. D.

Anticipatory Use of the Cross (Vol. viii. pas-
sitn). —

" It is strange, yet well authenticated, and has given
rise to many theories, that the symbol of the Cross was
already known to the Indians before the arrival of
Cortez. In the island of Cozumel, near Yucatan,
there were several ; and in Yucatan itself there was a
stone cross. And there an Indian, considered a pro-
phet amongst his countrymen, had declared that a
nation bearing the same as a symbol should arrive
from a distant country ! More extraordinary still was
a temple, dedicated to the Holy Cross by the Toltec
nation in the city of Cholula. Near Tulansingo there
is also a cross engraved on a rock with various charac-
ters, which the Indians by tradition ascribe to the
Apostle St. Thomas. In Oajaca, also, there existed a
cross, which the Indians from time immemorial had
been accustomed to consider as a divine symbol. By
order of the Bishop Cervantes it was placed in a sump-
tuous chapel in the cathedral. Information concern-
ing its discovery, together with a small cup, cut out of
its wood, was sent to Rome to Paul V. ; who received
it on his knees, singing the hymn ' Vexilla regis,' &c."
— Life in Mexico, by Madame Calderon de la Barca,
Letter xxxvn.

E. H. A.

Longevity (Vols, vii., viii., passim). —

" Amongst the fresh antiquities of Cornwall, let not
the old woman be forgotten who died about two years
since ; who was one hundred and sixty-four years old,
of good memory, and healthful at that age ; living in
the parish of Gwithian by the charity of such as came
purposely to see her, speaking to them (in default of
English) by an interpreter, yet partly understanding it.
She married a second husband after she was eighty,

232

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

and buried him after he was eighty years of age." —
Seawens' Dissertation on the Cornish Tongue, written
temp. Car. II.

Anon.

As very many, if not all, the instances men-
tioned in " N. & Q." of those who have reached
a very advanced age, were people of humble
origin, may we not now refer to those of noble
birth ? To commence the list, I would name Sir
Ralph de Vernon, " who is said to have lived to
the age of one hundred and fifty, and thence
generally was called the Old Liver." My authority
is, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, edit. 1848,
p. 1009. W. W.

Malta.

" Nugget" (Vol. viii., pp. 375. 481.).— A note
from Mundy's Our Antipodes :

" The word nugget, among farmers, signifies a small
compact beast, a runt : among gold-miners, a lump, in
contradistinction to the scale or dust-gold."

Cleric us Rusticus.

i The fifth Lord Byron (Vol. ix., p. 18.).— I be-
lieve it to be an acknowledged fact, that an old
man's memory is generally good of events of years
past and gone : and as an octogenarian I am not
afraid to state that, from the discussions on the
subject, I feel myself perfectly correct as to the
main point of my observations (Vol. viii., p. 2.),
viz. the error committed in the limitation of the
ultimate reversion of the estate ; but as to the
secondary point to which Mr. Warden alludes,
I may perhaps be in error in placing it on the
settlement of the son, inasmuch as the effect would
be the same if it occurred in the settlement of
the father ; and Mr. Warden's observations leave
an inference that the mistake may have there
occurred ; as, in such case, if the error had been
discovered, — and by any altercation the son had
refused to correct the mistake, which he could
and ought to have consented to, after the failure
of his own issue, — this alone, between two hasty
tempers, would have been a sufficient cause of
quarrel, without reference to the question of
marrying an own cousin, which is often very justly
objectionable. Wm. S. Hesleden.

Wapple, or Whapple-way (Vol. ix., p. 125.). —
This name is common in the south, and means
a bridle-way, or road in which carriages cannot
pass. In Sussex these ways are usually short cuts
through fields and woods, from one road or place
to another. (See Halliwell's Dictionary, and
Cooper's Sussex Glossary.) The derivation is not
given by either writer. D.

In Manning's Surrey, I find not any mention of
this term ; but apprehend it to be a corruption of
the Norman -French, vert plain, " a green road or

alley :" which, as our Saxon ancestors pronounced
the v as a w, easily slides into war plain or warple.
(See Du Cange, Supp., in voce " Plain.") C. H.

The Ducking-stool (Vol. viii., p. 315.). — As
late as the year 1824, a woman was convicted of
being a common scold in the Court of Quarter
Sessions of Philadelphia County, and sentenced
" to be placed in a certain instrument of correction
called a cucking or ducking-stool," and plunged
three times into the water ; but the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, upon the removal of the
case by writ of error, decided that this punish-
ment was obsolete, and contrary to the spirit of
the age.

Our fathers held the ducking-stool in higher
respect, as appears from the following present-
ments of the grand juries of Philadelphia, the
originals of which have been lately discovered.
In January, 1717, they say (through William
Fishbourne, their foreman), —

" Whereas it lias been frequently and often presented
by several former grand juries for this city, the ne-
cessity of a ducking-stool and house of correction for
the just punishment of scolding, drunken women, as
well as divers other profligate and unruly persons in
this place, who are become a public nuisance and dis-
turbance to this town in general ; therefore we, the
present grand jury, do earnestly again present the same
to this court of quarter sessions for the city, desiring
their immediate care, that those publick conveniences may
not be any longer delayed, but with all possible speed
provided for the detection and quieting such disorderly
persons."

Another, the date of which is not given, but
which is signed by the same foreman, presents
" Alsoe that a ducking-stoole be made for publick
use, being very much wanting for scolding wo-
men," &c. And in 1720, another grand jury, of
which Benjamin Duffield was foreman, say :

" The Grand Inquest, we taking in consideration
the great disorders of the turbulent and ill-behaviour
of many people in this city, we present the great ne-
cessity of a ducking-stool for such people according to
their deserts."

Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Double Christian Names (Vol. ix., p. 45.). — It
is surely not correct to say that the earliest in-
stance of two Christian names is in the case of a
person born in 1635. Surely Henry, Prince of
Wales, the son of James I., is an earlier instance.
Sir Thomas Strand Fairfax was certainly born
before that date. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey
was probably an earlier instance ; and Sir Robert
Bruce Colton, the antiquary, certainly so. Writing
at a distance from my books, I can only appeal to
memory ; but see Southey's Common-place Book,
vol. i. p. 510. Venables, in his Travels in Russia,

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

233

tells us that " a Russian lias never more than one
Christian name, which must be always that of a
saint." To these a patronymic is often added of
the father's name, with the addition vich, as in the
case of the present Czar, Nicholas Paulovich, the
son of Paul. W. Denton.

Torquay.

Pedigree to the Time of Alfred (Vol. viii., p. 586.).
— Some ten or twelve years since I was staying
at the King's Head Inn, Egham, Surrey (now
defunct), when a fresh-looking, respectable man
was pointed out to me as Mr. Wapshot, who had
held an estate in the neighbourhood from his an-
cestors prior to the Conquest. Pie was not re-
presented as a blacksmith, but as fanning his own
estate. I am not connected with Egham or the
neighbourhood, or I would make farther inquiry.

S.D.

Palace of Lucifer (Vol. v., p. 275.). — If R. T.
has not observed it, I would refer him to the note
in the Aldine edition of Milton, vol. iii. p. 263.,
where I find " Luciferi domus " is the palace of
the sun (see Prolusiones, p. 120.) ; and not, as
T. Warton conjectured, the abode of Satan.

I. R. R.

Monaldeschi (Vol. viii., p. 34.). — Relation du
Meurtre de Monaldeschi, poignarde par ordre de
Christine, reine de Suede, by Father de Bel, is to
be found in a collection of curious papers printed
at Cologne, 1664, in 12mo. It is given at length
in Christina's Revenge, and other Poems, by J. M.
Molfatt, London, printed for the author, 1821.

E. D.

Anna Lightfoot (Vol. vii., p. 595.). — T. H. II. is
referred to an elegantly printed pamphlet called
An Historical Fragment relative to her late Ma-
jesty Queen Caroline, printed for J. & N. L. Hunt,
London, 1824, which, from p. 44. to p. 50., contains
a very circumstantial account of this extraordinary
occurrence. E. D.

Lode (Vol. v., p. 345.). — It would not appear
that this word means " an artificial watercourse,"
at least from its use at Tewkesbury, where there
is still the Lower Lode, at which a ferry over the
Severn still exists ; and there was also the Upper
Lode, until a bridge was erected over the river at
that place. Will this help to show its proper
meaning ? I. R. R.

" To try and get" (Vol. ix., p. 76.).— Uneda
inquires the oi'igin of this erroneous mode of
expression? Doubtless euphony, to avoid the
alliteration of so many T's : " to the theatre to try
and get," &c. But evidently the word to is under-
stood, though not supplied after the word and.
Thus, " to try and (to) get," &c. Celcrena.

Abbott Families (Vol. ix., p. 105.). — In reply
to Mr. Abbott's Query, I have a pedigree of
Samuel Abbott, born in 1637 or 1638 ; second son
of Wm. Abbott of Sudbury, who was born 1603,
and who was son to Charles Abbott of Hawkden
and Sudbury, an alderman, which Charles was
son to Wm. Abbott of Hawkden. This Samuel
married Margaret, daughter to Thomas Spicer.
Should Mr. Abbott wish it, I would forward him
a copy of the pedigree. I can trace no connexion
between this family and that of Archbishop Ab-
bott, whose father, Maurice Abbott of Guildford,
was son of Abbott of Farnham, co. Surrey.

I wish especially to know what became of
Thomas Abbott, only son of Robert, Bishop of
Sarum ; which Thomas dedicated his father's
treatise against Bellarmine in 1619 to his uncle
the Archbishop, calling himself in the preface,
" imbellis homuncio." His sister was wife to Sir
Nathaniel Brent, whose younger son Nathaniel
left all his property to his cousin Maurice Abbott,
of St. Andrew's, Holborn, Gent., in 1688 ; which
Maurice was possibly son to Thomas.

G. E. Adams.

36. Lincoln's Inn Fields.

" Mairdil" (Vol. viii., p. 411.). — Is there any
affinity between the word mairdil, which is used
in Forfarshire, to be overcome with fatigue by
any oppressive or intricate piece of work, and the
word mardel or mardle, which signifies to gossip
in Norfolk, as stated by Mr. J. L. Sisson ? What
will H. C. K. say to this subject ? Jamieson con-
fines mairdil to an adjective, signifying unwieldy;
but I have often heard work-people in Forfarshire
declare they were "perfectly mairdiled" with a
piece of heavy work, using the word as a passive
verb. Trachled has nearly the same meaning, but
it is chiefly confined to describe fatigue arising
from walking a long distance. Henry Stephens.

Bell at Rouen (Vol. viii., p. 448.). — Your va-
luable correspondent W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.,
has probably taken his account of the great bell
in the cathedral at Rouen from a note made
before the French Revolution of 1792-3, because
the George d'Ambois, which was once considered
the largest bell in Europe (it was thirteen feet
high, and eleven feet in diameter), excepting that
at Moscow, shared the destructive fate of many
others at that eventful period, and was melted
down for cannon. In 1814 the bulb of its clapper
was outside the door of a blacksmith's shop, as
you go out of the city towards Dieppe. It was
pointed out to me by a friend with whom I was
then travelling — a gentleman of the neighbour-
hood, who was at Rouen at the time it was brought
there — and there, if I mistake not, but I cannot
find my note, I saw it again within the last ten
years. H. T. Ellacombe.

Rectory, Clyst St. George.

234

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

Smiths and Robinsons (Vol. ix., p. 148.). —
Arms of Smith of Curdley, co. Lancaster : Argent,
a cheveron sable between three roses gules,
barbed, vert seeded, or.

Robinson (of Yorkshire) : Vert, a cheveron be-
tween three roebucks trippant or. Crest, a roe-
buck as in the arms. Motto, " Virtute non
verbis."

Robinson of Yorkshire, as borne by Lord
Rokeby : Vert, on a cheveron or, between three
bucks trippant of the last, as many quatrefoils
gules. Crest, a roebuck trippant or. Cid.

Churchill's Grave (Vol. ix., p. 123.). — If I am
not mistaken, there is a tablet to the memory of
Churchill, with a more lengthy inscription, within
the church of St. Mary, Dover, towards the
western end of the south aisle.

W. Sparrow Simpson.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Before proceeding to notice any of the books which
we have received this week, we will call the attention
of the publishing world to two important works which
we know to he now wanting a publisher, namely,
I. A Syriac- English Lexicon to the New Testament and
Book of Psalms, arranged alphabetically, with the de-
rivatives referred to their proper roots, and a com-
panion of the principal words in the cognate lan-
guages ; and II. A Syriac- English Grammar, translated
and abridged from Hoffman's larger work.

Samuel Pepys is the dearest old gossip that ever
lived ; and every new edition of his incomparable
Diary will serve but to increase his reputation as the
especial chronicler of his age. Every page of it
abounds not only in curious indications of the tone
and feelings of the times, and the character of the
writer, but also in most graphic illustrations of the
social condition of the country. It is this that renders
it a work which calls for much careful editing and il-
lustrative annotation, and consequently gives to every
succeeding edition new value. Well pleased are we,
therefore, to receive from Lord Brayhrooke a fourth
edition, revised and corrected, of the Diary and Cor-
respondence of Sumuel Pepys, and well pleased to offer
our testimony to the great care with which its noble
editor has executed his duties. Thanks to his good
judgment, and to the great assistance which he ac-
knowledges to have received from Messrs. Holmes,
Peter Cunningham, Yeowell, &c, his fourth edition is
by far the best which has yet appeared, and is the one
which must hereafter be referred to as the standard one.
The Index, too, has been revised and enlarged, which
adds no little to the value of the book.

Mr. Murray has broken fresh ground in his British
Classics by the publication of the first volume of
Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, with
Notes and Preface by Dean Milman and M. Guizot,

and edited, with Notes, by Dr. Smith. If the pub-
lisher showed good tact in selecting Mr. P. Cunning-
ham for editor of Goldsmith, he has shown no less in
entrusting the editing of his new Gibbon to Dr. Smith,
whose various Dictionaries point him out as peculiarly
fitted for such a task. In such well practised hands,
therefore, there can be little doubt as to the mode in
which the labour of editing will be conducted ; and a
very slight glance at the getting up of this first volume
will serve to prove that, for a library edition of Gibbon,
while this is the cheapest it will be also the hand-
somest ever offered to the public.

Books Received. — Macaulay's Critical and His-
torical Essays, People's Edition, Part I. The first issue
of an edition of these admirahle Essays, which will,
when completed, cost only Seven Shillings ! Can cheap-
ness go much lower ? — Adventures in the Wilds of
North America, by Charles Lanman, edited by C. R.
Wild, forming Parts LV. and LVI. of Longman's
Traveller's Library. These adventures, partly pisca-
torial, are of sufficient interest to justify their publica-
tion even without the imprimatur, which they have
received, of so good a critic as Washington Irving. —
Darling's Cyclopcedia Bibliographica, Part XVII., ex-
tends from Andrew Rivet to William Shepheard.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

London Labour and London Poor. Nos. XLIV. and LXIV.

to End of Work.
Mrs. Gore's Banker's Wife.
Tales by a Barrister.
Schiller's Wallenstein, translated by Coleridge. Smith's

Classical Library.
Goethe's Faust (English). Smith's Classical Library.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. l2mo.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTKS AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

A Memoir of the Life of James Stanley, Seventh Earl of
Derby, by W. H. Whatton, Esq. Published by Fisher,
Newgate Street.

History of the Westminster Election. London, 1784.
1 Vol. 4to.

Wanted by G. Cornewall Lewis, Kent House, Knightsbridge.

A Map, Plan, and Representations of Interesting and Remark-
able Piaces connected with Ancif.nt London (large size).

A Copy of an early number of " The Times " Newspaper, or of
the " Morning Chronicle," " Morning Post," or " Morning
Herald." The nearer the commencement preferred.

Copies or Fac-simi!es of other Old Newspapers.

A Copy of The Breeches or other Old Bible.

Wanted by Mr. Joseph Simpson, Librarian, Literary and
Scientific Institution, Islington, London.

Percy Society's Publications. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.
Wanted by G. J. Hargreaves, Stretford, near Manchester.

Cambridge Installation Ode, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth.

4to. Edition.
Kitchener's Economy of the Eyes. Part II.
Brown's Anecdotes of Dogs.
i ii i of Animals.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Mar. 11. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

235

Enquiry after Happiness. The Thiid Part. By Richard
Lucas, D.D. Sixth Edition. 1734.
Wanted by Rev. John James, Avington Rectory, Hungerford.

&aXitt& to Carrogjianlrrntrf.

M. "Scarborough Warning." — This expression has been
fully explained in our First Volume, p. 138.

J. C. B., who writes respecting The Gregorian Tones, is re-
ferred to our Sixth Volume, pp. 99. 178., and our Seventh Volume,
p. 136.

R. N. ( Liverpool). There are many letters of Charles I. among
the MSS. in the British Museum. We do not know where the
Cabinet taken at Naseby is preserved.

Oxon. Entire, as applied to beer, signifies that it is drawn
entirely/roTO one butt. Formerly the. favourite beer was a mix-
ture of ale or beer and twopenny, until a brewer named
liarwood produced a beer with the same flavour, which he called
entire or entire butt.

G. W. T. Old Rowley was the name of a celebrated stallion
belonging to Charles II.

C. H. N., who writes respecting Royal Arras in Churches, is
referred to our Sixth Volume passim.

Tom Tell-tale is thanked. We are in possession of inform-
ation respecting the draivings in question ; but shall be glad to
know of any other purchasers.

Caveat Emptor. We have lately seen a curious pseudo-letter
of Cromwell, the history of which we may perhaps lay before our
readers.

Francis Beaufort. The copy of the Biblia Sacra Latina to
which our Correspondent refers, is now in the possession of Mr.
Brown, bookseller, 130. Old Street.

J. O. We have forwarded the book you so kindly sent to the
gentleman for whom you intended it.

Comus may have a copy of the Epitome of Locke on applying
to Mr. Olive Lasbury, bookseller, Bristol.

Hugh Henderson (Glasgow). The fault must be in the
quality of your pyrogallic. You need have no difficulty in
obtaining it pure of some of the photographic chemists, and whose
advertisements appear in our columns.

A. F. G. (March 1st). All papers for photographic purposes
improve by keeping. When you have thoroughly satisfied your-
self of the goodness of a sample, secure all you can ; it will repay
you well by lime. Consult our advertising columns for your
market, which we prefer not to indicate.

Errata. — Vol. ix., p. 75., col. 1. 9th line, for " previous " read
" precious " ; p. 136., col. 1. line 3 , for " carre " read " cane ; "
p. 200., col. 1. 12th line from bottom, for " Richard I." read
" Henry I."

Our Eighth Volume it now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 4/. is For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.—
A retired Clergyman having been restored
to health in a few days, after many years of
Crfat nervous suffering, is anxious to make
known to others the MEANS of a CURE ; will
therefore send free, on receiving a stamped en-
velope, properly addressed, a copy of the pre-
scription used.

Direct the REV. E. DOUGLASS, 18. Holland
Street, Brixton, London.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 17851, sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for. i
the library, ioudoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed) |
J. L. Ahel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen :
Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison. H. F. Hasse, I
J. L. Hation, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe. G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land. G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, 1 1. Panof'ka, Henry Phillips. F. Pniegar,
E. F. Rimbault. Frank Romer, G. II. Kodwell,
E. Roekel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, II. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO.. 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS, sent free by post. It contains de-
signs and prices of upwards of ONE HUN-
DRED different Bedsteads, in iron, brass,
japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, I
rosewood, and walnut-tree woods ; also of i
every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manu- I
facturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

T<HE EXHIBITION OF PHO-

J. TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

A RUNDEL SOCIETY. — The

XJL Publication of the Fourth Year (1S52-3),
consisting of Eight Wood Engravings by
MESSRS. DALZIEL. from Mr. W. Oliver
Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
at PADUA, is now ready ; and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions are requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN J. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.

13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

V

PEOPLE'S EDITION of the

LLUSTRATED HISTORY OF

J. ENGLAND, from the Invasion of Ju-
I lius Caesar to the Accession of Queen Victoria.
| By HUME, SMOLLETT, and HUGHES.
I With Copious Notes, the Author's last Cor-
! rections. Improvements, and Enlargement.
| Also Historical Illustrations, Autographs, and
j Portraits. To be published in crown 8vo.,
! Weekly, in Seventy- two Parts, at One Shilling
i each ; and in Monthly Volumes, price Four
j Shillings, bound in cloth.
[ The Publication will commence on the 3rd of

April, and be continued regularly until the

Work is completed.

In accordance with the universal desire of
obtaining the best books at the cheapest pos-
sible price, tne Historical Works of HUME,
SMOLLETT, and HUGHES, are now sub-
mitted to the public : it being the object of the
Publisher to place within the reach of all
classes of readers, in a succession of weekly
parts and monthly volumes, a more complete
HISTORY OF ENGLAND than any extant.

The eventful period in the annals of Britain
which has elapsed since the age of Smollett,
whose volumes close with the reign of George
the Second, demands a faithful and impartial
record ; and this portion of our National His-
tory, continued by the REV. T. S. HUGHES,
late Christian Advocate at Cambridge, will be
printed from the corrected text of the third
octavo edition, which was almost entirely re-
written.

The additional volumes, containing a nar-
rative of important events, commence with the
accession of George the Third, and will be con-
tinued to the accession of Queen Victoria.

The Work will be completed in eighteen vo-
lumes, and embellished with numerous En-
gravings on Steel, entirely re-engraved for this
Edition, comprising a selection of historical
illustrations from Bowyer's History of Eng-
land, and from paintings by the most eminent
masters, with portraits of all the sovereigns
from the Norman Conquest, according to the
costume of the different ages, and authentic
facsimiles of their autographs.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

SURPLICES.

GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton,
Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of
EASTER.

PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
Stations.

236

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 228.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton : cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent In the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenised paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattaincd by any other method, 5s. per
Quive.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to fu't
every varietv of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
— OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manu-
factory. 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
Koad, Islington. OTTE WILL'S Registered
Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A.
ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn ; the
Photographic Institution, Bond Street : and
at the Manufactory as above, where every de-
scription of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may
be had. The Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art —
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-
DTON.-.T. B. HOCKIN & CO.. Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they mav say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to anv other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-
SITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, contaiaing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

nHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF

\J SAFES AND LOCKS. - These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and Are.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 1G. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE
by MODERATE PREMIUMS.

The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITU-
TION (the only Society in which the ad-
vantages of Mutual Assurance can he secured
by Moderate Premiums) is now Published, and
may be had free, on application.

THE RESULTS OF BUSINESS EF-
FECTED IN 1853 ARE : -

1. Number of proposals accepted - - 716

2. Amount of new assurances ex-

clusive of annuities - -£309,393 0 0

3. Amount of annual premiums

on new assurances - - - £8,038 12 5

4. Amount of single payments on

ditto ----- io,729 2 8

. New premiums re-

ceived during the year - - £18,767 15 1

5. Amount of claims by death

during the year - - - £23.526 I 0

6. Addition to realised fund, aris-
ing entirely from accumu-
lated premiums during the
year ----- £50,459 0 0

BIENNIAL PROGRESS OF BUSINESS
DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS.

In

Years.

1844-45
1845-47

1818-49
1850-51
1852-53

Number
of New
Policies.

658
888
907
1378
1269

Amount of

New
Assurances.

281.082
404,734
410,933
535,137
587,118

Accumulated

Fund at End

of Period.

69,009
95,705
131,406
207,803
305,134

MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.

THE SCOTTISH PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION combines the advantage
of Participation in the whole Profits with mo-
derate Premiums.

The premiums are as low as those of the non-
participating scale of the proprietary compa-
nies. They admit of being so not oncy with
safety, but with ample reversion of profits to
the policy-holders, being free from the burden
of payment of dividend to shareholders.

At the first division of surplus in the present
year, bonus additions were made to policies
which had come within the participating class,
varying from 20 to 54 per cent, on their amount.

In all points of practice — as in the provision
for the indefeasibility of policies, facility of li-
cence for travelling or residence abroad, and of
obtaining advances on the value of the policies

the regulations of the Society, as well as the

administration, are as liberal as is consistent
with right principle.

Policies are now issued free of stamp duty.

Copies of the last annual report, containing
full explanations of the principles, may be had
on application to the Head Office in Edin-
burgh ; of the Society's Provincial Agent j or
of the Resident Secretary, London Branch.

JAMES WATSON, Manager.
GEORGE GRANT, Resident Secretary.

London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

The London Branch will be removed on
25th March to the Society's New Premises,
66. Gracechurch Street, corner of Fenchurch
Street, City.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records wherebv his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

I. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS.
HATCH AM, SURREY.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X.. in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2l.,3l., and U. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
S. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lcthbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Directors.
H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq,

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustee*.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. :

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
loo;., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age

£ s. d.

Age

£ s. d.

17-

- 1 14 4

32-

- 2 10 8

22-

- 1 18 8

37-

-

- 2 18 6

27-

- 2 4 5

42-

-

- 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, March 11. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 229.]

Saturday, March 18. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, gtf.

CONTENTS.

Notes : —

Page

Gossiping nistory - 239

Works on Bells, by the Rev. H. T.

Ellacombe - - - - 240

Inedited better of Lord Nelson, by

E. W. Jacob - - - - 241

Folk Lone : _ Herefordshire Folk Lore

— Greenock Fair — Dragons' Blood —

Charm for the Ague ... 242
Psalms for the Chief Musician : Hebrew

Music, by T. J. Buckton - - 242

Minob Notes : — " Garble " — Deaths in
the Society of Friends — The Eastern
Question — Jonathan Sivift, Dean of
St. Patrick's, Dublin— English Litera-
ture — Irish Legislation — Anecdote
of George IV. and the Duke of York 243

Queries : —

Anonymous Works: " Posthumous Pa-
rodies," " Adventures in the Moon,"
&c 244

Blind Mackerel - 245

Minob Quebies: — Original Words of
old Scotch Airs — Royal Salutes —
'' The Negro's Complaint " — " The
Cow Doctor" — Soomarokoff's "De-
metrius "--Polygamy— Irish, Anglo-
Saxon. Longobardic.andOld English

letters — Description of Battles

Do Martyrs always feel Fain ? _ Car-
romi'le — Darcy, of Platten, co.
Meath — Dorset — " Vanitatem obser-
vare "—King's Prerogative — Quota-
tions in Cowper— Cawley the Regicide 245

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Dr. John Poc'ilington — Last Marquis
of Annandale — Heralds' College —
Teddy the Tiler— Duchess of Maza-
rin's Monument — Halcyon Days - 247

Dogs in Monumental Brasses, by the

Rev. W. S. Simnson,&c. - - 249

Sneezing, by C. W. Bingham - - 250

Sir John de Morant - 250

Inn Signs - - - - - 251

"*' Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium " 252
Puloit Hour-glasses, by Dr. E. F. Rim-

bault, &c. - - - - - 252

Photographic Correspondence : _ A
Prize for the besi CUodion _ Double
Iodide of Silver ana Potassium —
Albumenized Paper — Cyanide of Po-
tassium - 204

Replies to Minor Queries : — Saw-
Just Recipe — Brydone the Tourist —
Etymology of " Page " — Longfellow

— Canting Arms — Holy Loaf Money

— " Coul d we with Ink ,' & c. — Mount
Mill, and the Fortifications of London

— Standing while the Lord's Prayer
is read— A dead Sultan, with bis Shirt
for an Ensign — " Hovd maet of laet "

— Captain Eyre's Drawings— Sir Thos.
Browne and Bishop Ken, &c. - - 255

"Miscellaneous : —

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 258
Notices to Correspondents - - 259

Vol. IX No. 229.

Just published, price 6c/.
OXFORD REFORMERS.

LETTER TO ENDEMUS

_ AND ECDEMUS. By A FELLOW
OF ORIEL.

Ovrot dtairrv\8fvrci wftdrjaav xcvoc.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

A

Now ready, price 4s. 6c?., a New Edition of

THE CHRISTIAN SCHOLAR.
By the Author of " The Cathedral." 32mo.
Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

Just published, price 1».

A REPLY TO PROFESSOR
VAUGHAN'S STRICTURES on the
THIRD REPORT of the OXFORD TUTORS'
ASSOCIATION. By One of the Committee.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

Just published, price 1*.

THE CASE OF QUEEN'S
COLLEGE, OXFORD ; in a Letter ad-
dressed to the Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P.,
Chancellor of the Exchequer. By JOHN
BARROW, B.D., Fellow, and formerly Tutor,
of Queen's College.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

Just published, 8vo., price 10«. 6c?.

QERMONS BY THE REV. E.

O HARSTON, M.A., Vicar and Rural Dean
of Tam worth.

Also, by the same Author,

THE WAR IN THE EAST ;

a Sermon preached in the Parish Church,
Tamworth, Feb. 2tj, 1854. 8vo., Is., by Post
1*. 4c/.

Oxford and London :
»OTTN- HENR.Y PARKER.

THOMPSON : Tamworth.

THE CIVIL SERVICE, ETC.
Just published, price Is., by Post Is. 6c?.

SUGGESTIONS respecting the

O Conditions under which University Edu-
cation may be made available for Clerks in
Government Offices, for Barristers, for At-
torneys : by SIR F. ROGERS, BART. ; SIR
S. NORTHCOTE, BART.; ROUNDEI.L
PALMER, ESQ.; W. H. TINNEY, ESQ.;
W. PALMER, ESQ ; CHRISTOPHER
CHILDS, ESQ. ; J. GIDLEY, ESQ.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

LEGAL EDUCATION.

Just published, price Is., by Post Is. 6c?.

SUGGESTIONS with regard to

O CERTAIN PROPOSED ALTERA-
TIONS in the UNIVERSITY and COL-
LEGES of OXFORD, and to the Possibility
and Advantages of a LEGAL EDUCATION
at the UNIVERSITY. By SIK. JOHN WI-
THE R, A WDRY and the RIGHT HON. SIR
JOHN PATTESON.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

Just published, price Is.

REPORTS OF THE OXFORD TUTORS'
ASSOCIATION, NO. IV.

RECOMMENDATIONS Re-
specting COLLEGE STATUTES,
and the Alterations required in Colleges, as
adopted by THE TUTORS' ASSOCIATION,
February, 1854.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

Preparing for Publication,

R. PUSEY'S EVIDENCE

VINDICATED from PROFESSOR
VAUG HAN'S STRICTURES. By the REV.
DR. PUSEY.

Oxford and London :
JOHN HENRY PARKER.

D

This Day, Cheaper Edition, Three Volumes,
10s. 6c?.

FAMILY HISTORY OF ENG-
LAND, by G. R. GLEIG, M.A., Chap-
lain General to the Forces.

By the same Author, 3s. 6c?.,

SKETCH OF THE MILI-
TARY HISTORY OF GREAT BRITAIN.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

On March 20th, price 2c?., stamped, by Post, 3c?.

THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
MISCELLANY, No. V., containing a
Reprint of " A Whip for an Ape," or Rhymes
against Martin Mar-Prelate, with Notes by
DR. RIMBAULT. Also, a Notice of the
Hardwicke Manuscripts ; together with a Ca-
talogue of Valuable Books (upwards of 1000
Articles) in all Classes of Literature, on Sale
by

JOHN PETHERAM, 94. High Holborn.

/GRADUATES of the UNI-

\T VERSITIES and PROPRIETORS of

SCHOOLS who are desirous of becoming Cor-
responding Directors of this Society, will be
furnished with the particulars of the Remu-
neration and Duties on application, addressed
to the Head Office, 18. Basinghall Street,
London.
English and Irish Church and University
Assurance Office, January 23, 1854.

STEPHEN J. ALDRICH, Secretary.

238

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

Just published, No. III., price 6s., of

HE LONDON QUARTERLY

Contents : —

REVIEW.

I. THIERSCH, AS THEOLOGIAN

AND CRITIC.
II. MADAGASCAR.

III. LIFE AND EPISTLES OF ST.

PAUL.

IV. THE MORMONS.

V. METEOROLOGY : ITS PROGRESS
AND PRACTICAL APPLICA-
TIONS.

VI. RESEARCHES IN PALESTINE.
VII. JUNCTION OF THE ATLANTIC

AND PACIFIC OCEANS.
VIII. RICHARD WATSON.
IX. MODERN POETRY : ITS GENIUS

AND TENDENCIES.
X. AMERICA, PAST AND FUTURE.
BRIEF LITERARY NOTICES.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, fe CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.
Royal 1 8mo., with Portrait, price 4s. 6rf., cloth,

LEILA ADA, the Jewish Convert. An Authentic Memoir.
OSBORN W. TRENERY HEIGHWAY. Fourth Thousand.
" One of the most interesting books of its class to be found in English literature."— Chi
Witness.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

By

Two vols., fcap. 8vo., price 10s. 6d.,

1 DELINE; or, Mysteries, Romance, and Realities of Jewish Life.

XX By the same Author. Una few days.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

Crown 8vo., cloth, 4s. 6d.,

ISRAEL'S FUTURE. Lectures delivered in the Lock Chapel, in
Lent, 1852. By the REV. CAPEL MOLYNEUX, B.A. Third Thousand.
London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

I

HE

ELEGANT GIFT-BOOK.
Post 8vo., gilt, with Illustrations, 3s.,

By AMICUS.

rpiIE FRIENDSHIPS OF THE BIBLE.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, fc CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

Crown 8vo., cloth. 4s. &£,

WORLD TO COME. Lectures delivered in the Lock

Chapel, in Lent, 1853. By the same Author. Second Thousand.
London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

Demy 8vo., price Is. ; cheap edition, id.,

THE I, ATE EARL DUCIE. A Sermon occasioned hy the Death
of the late Earl Ducie, preached on Sunday Morning, June 12, 1853. By the same Author.
London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

Demy 8vo., price 10s. M.| People's Edition, single copies, Is. 6d., or in Parcels of Twenty, 11,

INFIDELITY ; its Aspects, Causes, and Agencies. By the REV.
T. PEARSON, Eyemouth, N.B. (Evangelical Alliance Prize Essay.)
" One of the ablest productions that has issued from the press on Infidelity." — Evangelical
Christendom.

" No sum received by the author can be equal to the value of his remarkable essay." _
Evangelical Magazine.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

BOOTHROYD'S BIBLE. — NEW EDITION.

Super-royal 8vo., cloth, 24s.,

THE HOLY BIBLE. Now Translated from Corrected Texts of
the Original Tongues, and with former Translations rliligertly compared ; together with
a General Introduction and Short Explanatory Notes. By B. BOoTHROYD, D.D.

" I do not think we have any similar work in our language approaching it in all the qualities
of usefulness." — The late Dr. J. 1'ye Smith.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

Price 3s. 6d.

T IVES OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS. Vnl. TV, just, published, con-

J.J tains : —Samuel Johnson, Pctrarca, George Fox, Earl of Shaftesbury. J. S. Buckingham,
John Foster, Rot>espiene, Nicholas Breakspeare, George Cuvier, Robert Hall, B. R. Haydim,
Strauss, William Tvudale, C. J. Napier, John Milton, Gothe, D. FranSois Arago, Joseph bimth,
Walter Raleigh, J. B. Gough, Admiral Cockburn, Nicholas I.

London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

Just published, demy 8vo., price 10s. 6d.

NOTES OF LECTURES ON THE APOCALYPSE. By the late
JOHN KNAPP SUTCLIFFE, Solicitor.
London : PARTRIDGE, OAKEY, & CO., Paternoster Row, and Edgware Road.

MURRAY'S

BRITISH CLASSICS.

Publishing Monthly, in Demy Octavo Volumes.

This Day, with Portrait and Maps, Vol. 1. 8vo.,
7s. fd. (to be completed in 8 vols.).

GIBBON'S DECLINE AND

FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. With
Notes by MI1.MAN and GUIZOT. A New
Edition. Edited, with additional Notes, by
WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Editor of the
"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiqui-
ties," &c.

This Edition includes the Autobiography of
Gibbon, and is distinguished by careful revi-
sion of the text, verification of all the refer-
ences to Ancient Writers, and Notes incor-
porating the researches of Modern Scholars
and Recent Travellers.

Vol. II. will appear on March 31st.

Examiner. — Mr. Murray's British Classics,
so edited and printed as to take the highest
place in any library.

Now ready, with Vignette Titles, Vols. I. and
II., 8vo., 7s. 6d. each (to be completed in
4 vols.),

THE WORKS OF OLIVER

GOLDSMITH. A New Edition. Edited by
PETER CUNNINGHAM, F.S.A., Author of
the " Handbook of London."

This Edition is printed from the last revised
by the Author, and not only contains more
pieces than any other, but is also the first in
which the works appear together exactly os
their author left them.

Vol. III. will appear in April.

Guardian. — The best editions have been
consulted, and the present volume certainly
gives evidence of careful and conscientious
editing.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon. Analyses of. and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6rf., is also
reaay.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

REV. W. BARNES'S NEW WORK.
Now ready, in 8vo. cloth, 9s.

A PHILOLOGICAL GRAM-
MAR, grounded upon Engli»>', and
formed from a Comparison of more than ^ixty
Languages. Bling an Introduction to the
Science of Grammar, an<» a help to Grammars
of all Languages, especially Knglish, Latin,
and Greek By WILLIAM BARNES. B.D.,
of Pt. John's Cjllege, Cambridge, Author of
"Poems in the Dorset Dialect," "Anglo-
Saxon .Delectus," &C.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

Preparing for immediate Publication.

MISCELLANEA GRAPHICA.
A Collection of Ancient Mediaeval and
Renaissance Remains in the possession of Lord
Londesborough. Illustrated by F. W. FAIR-
HOI.T, F.S.A , &c. The Work will be pub-
lished in Quarterly Parts of royal 4to. size ;
each Part, containing 4 Plates, one of which
will be in Chromolithography ; representing
Jewellery, Antique Plate, Arms and Armour,
and Miscellaneous Antiquities.

London : CHAPMAN & HALL,
193. Piccadilly.

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

239

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 18, 1854.

GOSSIPING HISTORY.

" This is the Jeie
That Shakspeare drew."

I do not know by whom or when the above
couplet was first imputed to Pope. The following
extracts will show how a story grows, and the
parasites which, under unwholesome cultivation,
adhere to it. The restoration of Shakspeare's
text, and the performance of Shylock as a serious
part, are told as usual.

" In the dumb action of the trial scene he was amaz-
ingly descriptive, and through the whole displayed
such unequalled merit, as justly entitled him to that
very comprehensive, though concise, compliment paid
to him by Mr. Pope, who sat in the stage-box on the
third night of the reproduction, and who emphatically
exclaimed, —

' This is the Jew
That Shakspeare drew.'
Life of Macklin, by J. T. Kirkman, vol. i. p. 264. :
London, 1799, 2 vols. 8vo.

The book is ill-written, and no authorities are
cited.

" A few days after, Macklin received an invitation
to dine with Lord Bolingbroke at Battersea. He at-
tended the rendezvous, and there found Pope and a
select party, who complimented him very much on the
part of Shylock, and questioned him about many little
particulars, relative to his getting up the play, &c.
Pope particularly asked him why he wore a red hat,
and he answered, because he had read that Jews in
Italy, particularly in Venice, wore hats of that colour.

' And pray, Mr. Macklin,' said Pope, ' do players in
general take such pains?' 'I do not know, sir, that
they do ; but as I had staked my reputation on the
character, I was determined to spare no trouble in
getting at the best information.' Pope nodded, and
said, ' It was very laudable.'" — Memoirs of Macklin,
p. 94., Lond. 1804.^

The above work has not the author's name, and is
as defective in references as Mr. Kirkman's. It
is, however, not quite so trashy. Being published
five years later, the author must have seen the
preceding Life, and his not repeating the story
about the couplet is strong presumption that it
was not then believed. It appears again in the
Biographia Dramatica, vol. i. p. 469~, London,
1812:

" Macklin's performance of this character (Shylock)
so forcibly struck a gentleman in the pit, that he as it
were involuntarily exclaimed, ' This is,' &c. It has
been said that this gentleman was Mr. Pope."

I am not aware of its alteration during the next

forty vears, but this was the state of the anecdote
in 1853 :

" Macklin was a tragedian, and the personal friend
of Alexander Pope. He had a daughter, a beautiful
and accomplished girl, who was likewise on the stage.
On one occasion Macklin's daughter was about to take
a benefit at Drury Lane Theatre, and on the morning
of that evening, whilst the father and daughter were at
breakfast, a young nobleman entered the apartment,
and, with the most undisguised ruffianism, made over-
tures of a dishonourable character to Macklin for his
daughter. The exasperated father, seizing a knife
from the table, rushed at the fellow, who on the instant
fled, on which Macklin pursued him along the street
with the knife in his hand. The cause of the tra-
gedian's wild appearance in the street soon got vent
in the city. Evening came, and Old Drury seldom
saw so crowded a house. The play was the Merchant
of Venice, Macklin sustaining the part of Shylock, and
his interesting daughter that of Jessica. Their re-
ception was most enthusiastic ; but in that scene where
the Jew is informed of his daughter being carried off,
the whole audience seemed to be quite carried away
by Macklin's acting. The applause was immense, and
Pope, who was standing in the pit, exclaimed, —

• That's the Jew that Shakspeare drew.'

Macklin was much respected in London. He was a
native of Monaghan, and a Protestant. His father
was a Catholic, and died when he was a child ; and his
mother being a Protestant, he was educated as such."
— Dublin Weekly Telegraph, Feb. 9, ]853.

One more version is given in the Irish Quarterly
Review, and quoted approvingly in The Leader,
Dec. 17, 1853.

" The house was crowded from the opening of the-
doors, and the curtain rose amidst the most dreadful of
all awful silence, the stillness of a multitude. The
Jew enters in the third scene, and from that point, to
the famous scene with Tubal, all passed off with con-
siderable applause. Here, however, and in the trial
scene, the actor was triumphant, and in the applause of
a thousand voices the curtain dropped. The play was
repeated for nineteen successive nights with increased
success. On the third night of representation all eyes
were directed to the stage-box, where sat a little de-
formed man ; and whilst others watched his gestures,
as if to learn his opinion of the performers, he was
gazing intently upon Shylock, and as the actor panted,
in broken accents of rage, and sorrow, and avarice —
' Go, Tubal, fee me an officer, bespeak him a fortnight
before ; I will have the heart of him, if he forfeit ; for
were he out of Venice, I can make what merchandise
I will : go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue ;
go, good Tubal; at our synagogue, Tubal.' — the
little man was seen to rise, and leaning from the box,
as Macklin passed it, he whispered, —

4 This is the Jew,
That Shakspeare drew.'

The speaker was Alexander Pope, and, in that age,
from his judgment in criticism there was no appeal."

240

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

No reference to cotemporary testimony is given
by these historians.

Gait, in his Lives of the Players, Lond. 1831,
does not notice the story.

Pope was at Bath on the 4th of February, 1741,
as appears from his letter to Warburton of that
date ; but as he mentions his intention to return
to London, he may have been there on the 14th.
That he was not in the pit we may be confident ;
that he was in the boxes is unlikely. His health
was declining in 1739. In his letter to Swift,
quoted in Croly's edition, vol. i. p. Ixxx., he says :

" Having nothing to tell you of my poetry, I come
to what is now my chief care, my health and amuse-
ment; the first is better as to headaches, worse as to
weakness and nerves. The changes of weather affect
me much ; the mornings are my life, in the evenings I
am not dead indeed, but sleepy and stupid enough. I
love reading still better than conversation, hut my eyes
fail, and the hours when most people indulge in com-
pany, I am tired, and find the labour of the past day
sufficient to weigh me down ; so I hide myself in bed,
as a bird in the nest, much about the same time, and rise
and chirp in the morning."

I hope I have said enough to stop the farther
growth of this story ; but before laying down my
pen, I wish to call attention to the practice of
giving anecdotes without authorities. This is en-
couraged by the newspapers devoting a column to
" varieties," which are often amusing, but oftener
stale. A paragraph is now commencing the round,
telling how a lady took a linendraper to a barber's,
and on pretence of his being a mad relative, had
his head shaved, while she absconded with his
goods. It is a bad version of an excellent scene
in Foote's Cozeners. H. B. C.

Garrick Club.

WORKS ON BELLS.

I have a Note of many books on bells, which
may be acceptable to readers of " N. & Q." Those
marked *, Cancellieri, in his work, calls Protestant
writers on the subject.

•Anon. Recueil curieux et edifiant sur les Cloches de
PEglise, avec les Ceremonies de leur Benediction.
Cologne, 1757.
Barraud (Abb.). Notice sur les Cloches. Svo., Caen,

1844.
Boemeri (G. L.). Programma de Feudo Campanario.

Gottinga?, 1755.
Buonmattei (Ben.). Declamazione delle Campane,
dopo le sue Cicalate delle tre Sirocchie. Pisa,
1635.
Campani (Gio. Ant.). Opera. The frontispiece a

large bell. Roma, 1495.
Cancellieri (F. ). Descrizione della nuova Campana

Magiore della Basilica Vaticana. Roma, 1786.
Cancellieri (F. ). Descrizione delle due nuove Cam-
pane di Campidoglio beneditte del Pio VII. Roma,
1806, 4 to.

*Cave (G. G.). An Turrium et Campanarum Usus in

Repub. Christ. Deo displiceat ? Leipsia?, 1 709, 4to.
Conrad ( Dietericus). De Campanis. Germanice.
*Eggers (Nic). Dissertatio de Campanarum Materia

et Forma.
Eggers ( Nic). Dissertatio de Origine et Nomine Cam-
panarum. Ienae, 1 684.
Eschenwecker. De eo quod justum est circa Cam-

panas.
Fesc (Laheranus du). Des Cloches. 12mo., Paris,

1607-19.
*Goezii. Diatriba de Baptismo Campanarum. Lubecae,

1612.
Grimaud (Gilb.). Liturgie Sacree, avec un Traite des

Cloches. Lyons, 1666, 4to. Pavia, 1678, 12mo.
♦Hilschen (Gio.). Dissertatio de Campanis Templo-

rum. Leipsiae, 1690.
*Homberg ( Gas.). De Superstitiosis Campanarum pul-

sibus, ad eliciendas preces, quibus placentur ful-

mina, excogitatis. 4to., Frankfoitiae, 1577.
Lazzarini (Alex.). De vario Tintinnabulorum Usu

apud veteres Hebraeos et Ethnicos. 2 vols. 8vo.,

Romae, 1822.
Ludovici (G. F.). De eo quod justum est circa Cam-

panas. Hala?, 1708 et 1739.
Magii (Hier.). De Tintinnabulis, cum notis F.

Swertii et Jungermanni. 12mo., Amstelodama;

et Hanov'ue, 1608, 1664, 1689. "A learned

work." — Parr.
Martene. De Ritibus Ecclesiae.
*Medelii (Geo.). An Campanarum Sonitus Fulmina,

Tonitura, et Fulgura impedire possit. 4to. 1703.
Mitzler (B. A.). De Campanis.
*Nerturgii (Mar.). Campanula Penitentia?. 4to„

Dresden, 1644.
Paciaudi. Dissertazione su due Campane di Capua.

Neapoli, 1750.
Pacichelli (Ab. J. B.). De Tintinnabulo Nolano Lu-

cubratio Autumnalis. Neapoli, 1693. Dr. Parr

calls this " a great curiosity."
Pagii. De Campanis Dissertatio.
Rocca (Ang.). De Campanis Commentarius. 4to.,

Romae, 1612.
*Reimanni (Geo. Chris.). De Campanis earumque

Origine, vario Usu, Abusu, et Juiibus. 4to., Isenaci,

1769.
Saponti (G. M.). Notificazione per la solennc Bene-

dizione della nuova Campana da C°Uocarsi nella

Metropolitana di S. Lorenzo. Geneva, 1750.
Seligmann (Got. Fr.). De Campana Urinatoria.

Leipsias, 1677, 4 to.
*Stockflet (Ar.). Dissertatio de Campanarum Usu.

4to., Altdorfii, 1665, 1666.
♦Storius (G. M. ). De Campanis Templorum. 4to.,

Leipsia;, 1692.
Swertius (Fran.).
Thiers (G. B.). Des Cloches. 12mo., Paris, 1602,

1619.
Thiers (J. B). Traite des Cloches. Paris, 1721.
*Walleri ( Ar.). De Campanis et praecipuis earum Usi-

bus. 8vo., Holmiae, 1694.
WiUietti (Car.). Ragguaglio delle Campane di Vili-

glia. 4to., Roma, 1601.
Zech (F. S.). De Campanis et Instruments Musicis.

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

241

Without enumerating any Encyclopaedias (in
most of which may be found very able and inter-
esting articles on the subject), in the following
works the best treatises for all practical purposes
will be found :

Pirotechnia, del Vannuccio Biringuccio, nobile Se-
nese, 1540, 1550, 1559, 1678. There is a French
translation of it by Jasper Vincent, 1556 — 1572, 1627.
The tenth chapter is about bells. Magius refers to it
in these words : — " In ilia, perscriptum in Italico Ser-
mone, et delineatum quisque reperiet, quicquid ad
artem ediscendam conducit, usque adeo, ut et quo
pacto, Campanaj in turribus constituantur ac move-
antur, edoceat, optimeque figuris delineatis common-
stret."

Ducange in Glossario, in vocibus JEs, Campana, Co-
don, Cloca, Crotalum, Glogga, Lebes, Nola, Petasus,
Signum, Squilla, Tintinnabulum.

Mersenni (F. M.). Harmonicorum Libri XII.
Paris, 1629, 1643. (Liber Quartus de Campanis.)
This and Biringuccio contain all the art and mystery
of bell- casting, &c. &c.

Puffendorff. De Campanarum Usu in obitu Paro-
cbiani publice significando, in ejus Observationibus.
Jur. Univers., p. iv. No. 104.

And now with regard to our English authors ;
their productions seem to be confined chiefly to
the Art of Ringing, as the following list will
show :

Tintinalogia, or the Art of Ringing improved, by
T. W[hite]. 18mo., 1668. This is the book alluded
to by Dr. Burney, in his History of Music, vol. iv.
p. 413.

Campanalogia, or the Art of Ringing improved.
18mo., 1677. This was by Fabian Steadman.

Campanalogia, improved by I. D. and C. M., Lon-
don scholars. 18mo., 1702.

Ditto 2nd edition 18mo., 1705.

Ditto 3rd edition 18mo., 1733.

Ditto 4th edition 18mo., 1753.

Ditto 5th edition, by J. Monk. 18mo., 1766.

The School of Recreation, or Gentleman's Tutor in
various Exercises, one of which is Ringing. 1684.

Clavis Campanalogia, by Jones, Reeves, and Black-
more. 12mo., 1788. Reprinted in 1796 and 1800?

The Ringer's True Guide, by S. Beaufoy. 12mo.,
1804.

The Campanalogia, or Universal Instructor in the
Art of Ringing, by William Shipway. 12mo., 1816.

Elements of Campanalogia. by H. Hubbard. 1 2mo,,
1845.

The Bell : its Origin, History, and Uses, by Rev.
A. Gatty. 12mo., 1847.

Ditto, enlarged. 1848.

Blunt's Use and Abuse of Church Bells. 8vo.,
1846.

Ellacombe's Practical Remarks on Belfries and
Ringers. 8vo., 1850.

Ellacombe's Paper on Bells, with Illustrations, in
the Report of Bristol Architectural Society. 1850.

Croome's Few Words on Bells and Bell-ringing.
8vo., 1851.

Woolf's Address on the Science of Campanology.
Tract. 1851.

Plain Hints to Bell-ringers. No. 47. of Parochial
Tracts. 1852?

The Art of Change-ringing, by B. Thackrah.
12mo„ J 852.

To these may be added, as single poetical pro-
ductions,

The Legend of the Limerick Bell Founder, pub-
lished in the Dublin University Mag., Sept. 1847.
The Bell, by Schiller.

Perhaps some courteous reader of "N. & Q."
may be able to correct any error there may be in
the list, or to add to it.

There is a curious collection of MSS. on the
subject by the late Mr. Osborn, among the Addi-
tional MSS., Nos. 19,368 and 19,373.

H. T. ElXACOMBE.
Rectory, Clyst St. George.

INEDITED LETTEB OF LORD NELSON.

I have in my possession a long letter written by
Lord Nelson, sixteen days before the battle of
Trafalgar, to the Right Hon. Lord Barham, who
was at that time First Lord of the Admiralty.
As an autograph collector, I prize it much ; and
I think that the readers of " N. & Q." might be
glad to see it. It has not yet, as far as I am
aware, been published :

Victory, Oct. 5th, 1805.
My Dear Lord,

On Monday the French and Spanish ships took
their troops on board which had been landed on
their arrival, and it is said that they mean to sail
the first fresh Levant wind. And as the Cartha-
gena ships are ready, and, when seen a few days
ago, had their topsail yards hoisted up, this looks
like a junction. The position I have taken for
this month, is from sixteen to eighteen leagues
west of Cadiz ; for, although it is most desirable
that the fleet should be well up in the easterly
winds, yet I must guard against being caught
with a westerly wind near Cadiz : for a fleet of
ships, with so many three-deckers, would inevit-
ably be forced into the Straits, and then Cadiz
would be perfectly free for them to come out with
a westerly wind — as they served Lord Keith in
the late war. I am most anxious for the arrival
of frigates : less than eight, with the brigs, &c, as
we settled, I find are absolutely inadequate for
this service and to be with the fleet ; and Spartel,
Cape Cantin, or Blanco, and the Salvages, must
be watched by fast-sailing vessels, in case any
squadron should escape.

I have been obliged to send six sail of the line
to water and get stores, &c. at Tetuan and Gi-
braltar ; for if I did not begin, I should very

242

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

soon be obliged to take the whole fleet into the
Straits. I have twenty-three sail with me, and
should they come out, I shall immediately bring
them to battle ; but although I should not doubt
of spoiling any voyage they may attempt, yet I
hope for the arrival of the ships from England,
that, as an enemy's fleet, they may be annihilated.
Your Lordship may rely upon every exertion from
Your very faithful and obedient servant,
Nelson and Bronte.

I find the Guerrier is reduced to the command
of a Lieutenant ; I hope your Lordship will allow
me to seek Sir William Bolton, and to place him
in the first vacant frigate ; he will be acting in a
ship when the Captains go home with Sir Robert
Caider. This will much oblige me.

If any valuable autographs come into my pos-
session hereafter, you may expect to receive some
account of them. Eustace W. Jacob.

Crawley, Winchester.

FOLK LORE.

Herefordshire Folk Lore. — Pray make an im-
perishable Note of the following concentration of
Herefordshire folk lore, extracted from the " Re-
port of the Secretary of the Diocesan Board of
Education," as published in The Times of Jan. 28,
1854:

" The observation of unlucky days and seasons is by
no means unusual. The phases of the moon are re-
garded with great respect : in one medicine may be
taken ; in another it is advisable to kill a pig ; over
the doors of many houses may be found twigs placed
crosswise, and never suffered to lose their cruciform
position ; and the horse-shoe preserves its old station
on many a stable-door. Charms are devoutly believed
in. A ring made from a shilling offered at the Com-
munion is an undoubted cure for fits ; hair plucked
from the crop of an ass's shoulder, and woven into a
chain, to be put round a child's neck, is powerful for
the same purpose ; and the hand of a corpse applied to
a neck is believed to disperse a wen. Not long
since, a boy was met running hastily to a neighbour's
for some holy water, as the only hope of preserving a
sick pig. The 'evil eye,' so long dreaded in unedu-
cated countries, has its terrors amongst us ; and if a
person of ill life be suddenly called away, there are
generally some who hear his ' tokens,' or see his ghost.
There exists, besides, the custom of communicating
deaths to hives of bees, in the belief that they invari-
ably abandon their owners if the intelligence be with-
held."

May not any one exclaim :

" O miseras hominum mentes ! O pectora casca I
Qualibus in tenebris vita*, quantisque periclis
Degitur hoc ajvi, quodcunque est 1"

S. G. C.

Greenock Fair. — A very curious custom existed
in this town, and in the neighbouring town of
Port-Glasgow, within forty years ; it has now en-
tirely disappeared. I cannot but look upon it as
a last remnant of the troublous times when arms
were in all hands, and property liable to be openly
and forcibly seized by bands of armed men. This
custom was, that the whole trades of the town, in
the dresses of their guilds, with flags and music,
each man armed, made a grand rendezvous at the
place where the fair was to be held, and with
drawn swords and array of guns and pistols, sur-
rounded the booths, and greeted the baillie's an-
nouncement by tuck of drum, " that Greenock
fair was open," by a tremendous shout, and a
straggling fire from every serviceable barrel in
the crowd, and retired, bands playing and flags
flying, &c, home. Does any such wappenschau
occur in England on such occasions now ?

C. D. Lamont.

Greenock.

Dragons' Blood. — A peculiar custom exists
amongst a class, with whom unfortunately the
schoolmaster has not yet come very much in con-J
tact, when supposed to be deserted or slighted
by a lover, of procuring dragons' blood ; which
being carefully wrapped in paper, is thrown on
the fire, and the following lines said :

" May he no pleasure or profit see,
Till he comes back again to me."

R. J. S.

Charm for the Ague. —

" Cut a few hairs from the cross marked on a don-
key's shoulders. Enclose these hairs in a small bag,
and wear it on your breast, next to the skin. If you
keep your purpose secret, a speedy cure will be the
result."

The foregoing charm was told to me a short
time since by the agent of a large landed pro-
prietor in a fen county. My informant gravely
added, that he had known numerous instances of
this charm being practised, and that in every case
a cure had been effected. From my own know-
ledge, I can speak of another charm for the ague,
in which the fen people put great faith, viz. a
spider, covered with dough, and taken as a pill.

CuTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

PSALMS FOR THE CHIEF MUSICIAN — HEBREW
MUSIC.

The words nwm n¥3E6 at the head of Psalms
iv., liv., lv., lxvii., and lxxvi., are rendered in the
Septuagint and Vulgate tts rb reAos, infnem, as if

they had read H^)?, omitting the D formative.
The Syriac and Arabic versions omit this su-
perscription altogether, from ignorance of the

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

243

musical sense of the words. The Chaldee reads
Xn^n by Xn2^, " to be sung on the pipe." The
word nVJD? is (from l"l¥3, to overcome, excel, or
accomplish) a performance, and Aquila translates
the entire title, tgS vikottoi^ eV \pa\uo7s /ieXaSr/jUa t£
Aoui'8 ; and Jerome, Victori in Canticis, Psalmus
David. But Symmachus, imvliaos Bth tytxkT-qpiwv
(f5lj; and Theodotius, els rh vmos Iv vjxvois, who must
have read n¥J?. The best reading is- that of the
present text, nV3D7, which Jarchi, Aben Ezra,
and Kimchi render chief singer, or leader of the
band (=moderatorem chori musici), as appropriate
for a psalm to be sung and played in divine ser-
vice. Therefore the proper translation is, " For
the leading performer upon the neginoth." The
neginoth appear from the Greek translations, Sid
\pa\rT}plb}t> and ev ipa\/jio?s ($d\\eiv = playing on
strings), and from its root, pj, to strike, to be
stringed instrumentSj struck by the fingers or

The words nkmSfl bx nVJE1? at the head of
Psalm v. (for this is the only one so superscribed)
should, perhaps, be read with ?y instead of ?X,
meaning, " For the leading performer on the ne-
hiloth." The nehiloth appear from the root ??n,
to bore through, and in Piel, to play the flute, to be
the same instruments as the nd-y of the Arabs,
similar to the old English flute, blown, not trans-
versely as the German flute, but at the end, as
the oboe. But the Septuagint, Aquila, Symma-
chus, and Theodotius translate vircp rrjs KX-qpovo-
lxovarr\s\ and hence the Vulgate pro ea, quce heredi-
totem consequitur ; and Jerome, pro hereditatibus.
Suidas explains KXripovofiova-a by innX-riaia, which is
the sense of the Syriac.

Psalm vi. is headed JWPWl by 1X&X3% and
Psalm vi. TV^Dt? by, without the "neginoth;" and
the " sheminith " is also mentioned (Chron. xv.
21.). The Chaldee and Jarchi translate " Harps
of eight strings." The Septuagint, Vulgate, Aquila,
and Jerome, virep rrjs oySoris, appear also to have
understood an instrument of eight strings.

T. J. BUCKTON.
Birmingham.

pernor $ate$.

" Garble" — Mr. C. Mansfield Inglebt has
called attention to a growing corruption in the
use of the word " eliminate," and I trust he may
be able to check its progress. The word garble has
met with very similar usage, but the corrupt
meaning is now the only one in which it is ever
used, and it would be hopeless to try and restore
it to its original sense.

The original sense of "to garble" was a good
one, not a bad one ; it meant a selection of the
good, and a discarding of the bad parts of any-

thing : its present meaning is exactly the reverse
of this. By the statute 1 Rich. III. c. 11., it is
provided that no bow-staves shall be sold " un-
garbled:" that is (as Sir E. Coke explains it),
until the good and sufficient be severed from the
bad and insufficient. By statute 1 Jac. I. c. 19.,
a penalty is imposed on the sale of spices and
drugs not "garbled;" and an officer called the
garbler of spices is authorised to enter shops, and
view the spices and drugs, " and to garble and
make clean the same." Coke derives the word
either from the French garber, to make fine, neat,
clean ; or from cribler, and that from cribrare, to
sift, &c. (4 Inst. 264.)

It is easy to see how the corruption of this word
has taken place ; but it is not the less curious to
compare the opposite meanings given to it at
different times. E. S. T. T.

Deaths in the Society of Friends, 1852-3. — In
" N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 488., appeared a com-
munication on the great longevity of persons at
Cleveland in Yorkshire. I send you for com-
parison a statement of the deaths in the Society
of Friends in Great Britain and Ireland, from the
year 1852 to 1853, the accuracy of which may be
depended on ; from which it appears that one in
three have attained from 70 to 100 years, the
average being about 74£ ; and that thirty-seven
attain from 80 to 90, and eight from 90 to 100.
It would be useful to ascertain to what the lon-
gevity of the inhabitants of Cleveland may be
attributed, whether to the situation where they
reside, or to their social habits.

The total number of the Society was computed
to be from 19,000 to 20,000, showing the deaths
to be rather more than 1^ per cent, per annum.
Great numbers are total abstainers from strong
drink.

Ages.

Under 1 year
Under 5 years
From 5 to 10

„ 10 to

„ 15 to

„ 20 to

„ 30 to

„ 40 to

„ 50 to

„ 60 to

„ 70 to

„ 80 to

„ 90 to 100
All ages

Male.

13

18

4

5

5

7

8

7

16

26

20

13

144

Female.

8

13

2

6

3

10

8

14

14

34

46

24

6

Total

21
31

6
11

8
J7

.16
21
30
60
66
37

332

Plymouth.

w. c.

244

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No 229.

The Eastern Question. — The following extract
from Tatler, No. 155., April 6, 1710, appears re-
markable, considering the events of the present
day :

" The chief politician of the Bench was a great
assertor of paradoxes. He told us, with a seeming
concern, ' that by some news he had lately read from
Muscovy, it appeared to him there was a storm gather-
ing in the Black Sea, which might in time do hurt to
the naval forces of this nation.' To this he added,
« that, for his part, he could not wish to see the Turk
driven out of Europe, which he believed could not but
be prejudicial to our woollen manufacture.' He then
told us, ' that he looked upon those extraordinary revo-
lutions which had lately happened in those parts of the
world, to have risen chiefly from two persons who were
not much talked of; and those,' says he, 'are Prince
Menzicoff and the Duchess of Mirandola.' He backed
his assertions with so many broken hints, and such a
show of depth and wisdom, that we gave ourselves up
to his opinions."

F. B. Relton.

Jonathan Sioift, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. —
It is remarkable (and yet it has not been noticed,
I believe, by his biographers) that Dean Swift was
suspended from his degree of B.A. in Trinity Col-
lege, Dublin, for exciting disturbances within the
college, and insulting the junior dean. He and
another were sentenced by the Board to ask par-
don publicly of the junior dean, on their knees, as
having offended more atrociously than the rest.
These facts afford the true solution of Swift's ani-
mosity towards the University of Dublin, and ac-
count for his determination to take the degree of
M.A. at Oxford ; and the solution receives con-
firmation from this, that the junior dean, for in-
sulting whom he was punished, was the same Mr.
Owen Lloyd (afterwards professor of divinity and
Dean of Down) whom Swift has treated with so
much severity in his account of Lord Wharton.

Abhba.

English Literature. — Some French writer
(Victor Hugo, I believe) has said that English
literature consists of four distinct literatures,
English, American, Scottish, and Irish, each
having a different character. Has this view of
our literature been taken, and exhibited in all its
aspects, by any English writer ; and if so, by
whom ? J. M.

Oxford.

Irish Legislation. — I have met with the follow-
ing statement : is it to be received as true ? In
May, 1784, a bill, intended to limit the privilege
of franking, was sent from Ireland for the royal
sanction ; and in it was a clause enacting that any
member who, from illness or other cause, should
be unable to write, might authorise some other
person to frank for him, provided that on the
back of the letter so franked the member gave at

the same time, under his hand, a full certificate
of his inability to write. Abhba.

Anecdote of George IV. and the Duke of York. —
The following letter was written in a boy's round
hand, and sent with some China cups :
Dear Old Mother Batten,

Prepare a junket for us, as Fred, and I are
coming this evening. I send you these cups,
which we have stolen from the old woman [the
queen]. Don't you say anything about it.

George.

The above was found in the bottom of one of
the cups, which were sold for five guineas on the
death of Mr. Nichols, who married Mother Batten.
The cups are now in possession of a Mr. Toby,
No. 10. York Buildings, St.Sidwells, Exeter.

Julia R. Bockett.

Southcote Lodge.

©uerfoJ.

anonymous works : " posthumous parodies,"
" adventures in the moon," etc.

A remote correspondent finds all help to fail
him from bibliographers and cotemporary re-
viewers in giving any clue to the authorship of
the works described below. But he has been
conversant enough with the " N. & Q." to per-
ceive that no Query, that he is aware, has yefc
been started in its pages involving a problem, for
which somebody among its readers and contri-
butors has not proved a match. Encouraged
thereby, he tenders the three following titles, in
the full faith that his curiosity, which is pretty
strong, will not have been transmitted over the
waste of waters but to good result.

1. Posthumous Parodies, and other Pieces, by
several of our most celebrated poets, but not
before published in any former edition of their
works: John Miller, London, 12mo., 1814. This
contains some twenty imitations or over, of the
more celebrated minor poems, all of a political
cast, and breathing strongly the tone of the anti-
Jacobin verse ; executed for the most part, and
several of them in particular, with great felicity.
Among that sort of jeux d esprit they hardly take
second place to The Knife Grinder, the mention
of which reminds me to add that it is manifest
enough, from half-a-dozen places in the volume,
that Canning is the " magnus Apollo " of the sa-
tirist. The final piece (in which the writer drops?
his former vein) is written in the spirit of sad
earnest, in odd contrast with the preceding
facetia, and betokening, in some lines, a disap-
pointed man. Yet, strange to tell, through all
the range of British criticism of that year, there
is an utter unconsciousness of its existence.
Whether there be another copy on this side the
Atlantic, besides the one which enables me to

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

245

make these few comments, your correspondent
greatly doubts. One living person there is on
the other side, it is believed, who could throw
light on this question, if these lines should be so
fortunate as to meet his eye ; since he is referred
to, like many others, by initials and terminals, if
not in full — Mr. John Wilson Croker.

2. Adventures in the Moon and other Worlds:
Longman & Co., sm. 8vo., 1836. Of this work, a
friend of the writer (who has but partially read it
as yet himself)j of keen discernment, says : " It is
a work of very marked character. The author is
an uncommonly skilful and practical writer, a
philosophical thinker, and a scholar familiar with
foreign literature and wide reaches of learning.
He has great ingenuity "and fancy withal ; so that
he is at the same time exceedingly amusing, and
suggestive of weighty and subtle thoughts." This,
too, is neglected by all the reviews.

3. Lights, Shadows, and Re/lections of Whigs
and Tories : Lond. 12mo., 1841. This is a retro-
spective survey of the several administrations of
George III. from 1760 (his accession) to the
regency in 1811 ; evincing much political insight,
with some spirited portraits, and indicative both
of a close observation of public measures and
■events, and of personal connexion or intercourse
with men in high place. There is a notice of this
in the London Spectator of 1841 (May 29th), and
in the old Monthly Review; but neither, it is plain,
had the author's secret. Habvabdiensis.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, N.E.

P. S. — Two articles of recent time in the
London Quarterly Review, the writer would fain
trace to their source ; " The Life and Correspond-
ence of Robert Southey," edited by the Rev.
Charles Cuthbert Southey, No. 175. (1851), and
"Physiognomy," No. 179. (1852), having three
works as the caption of the article, Sir Charles
Bell's celebrated work being one.

BLIND MACKEBEL.

Can any of your numerous contributors, who
may be lovers of ichthyology, inform me whether
or not the mackerel is blind when it first arrives
on our coasts ? I believe it to be blind, and for
the following reasons: — A few years ago, while
beating up channel early in June, on our home-
ward-bound voyage from the West Indies, some
of the other passengers and myself were endea-
vouring to kill time by fishing for mackerel, but
without success.

When the pilot came on board and saw what
we were about, he laughed at us, and'said, " Oh,
gentlemen, you will not take them with the hook,
because the fish is blind." We laughed in our
turn, thinking he took us for flat-fish, and wished
to amuse himself at our expense. Observing this

he said, " I will convince you that it is so," and
brought from his boat several mackerel he had
taken by net. He then pointed out a film over
the eye, which he said prevented the fish seeing
when it first made our coast, and explained that
this film gradually disappeared, and that towards
the middle of June the eye was perfectly clear,
and that the fish could then take the bait.

I have watched this fish for some years past,
and have invariably observed this film quite over
the eye in the early part of the mackerel season,
and that it gradually disappears until the eye is
left quite clear. This film appears like an ill-
cleared piece of calf's-foot jelly spread over the
eye, but does not strike you as a natural part of
the fish, but rather as something extraneous. I
have also remarked that when the fish is boiled,
that this patch separates, and then resembles a
piece of discoloured white of egg. This film may
be observed by any one who takes the trouble of
looking at the eye of the mackerel.

I have looked into every book on natural his-
tory I could get hold of, and in none is the
slightest notice taken of this; therefore I sup-
pose my conclusion as to its blindness is wrong ;
but I do not consider this to be conclusive, as all
we can learn from books is, '■'•Scomber is the mac-
kerel genus, and is too well known to require
description." I believe less is known about fish
than any other animals; and should you think
this question on natural history worthy a place in
your " N. & Q.," I will feel obliged by your giving
it insertion. An Odd Fish.

JMtanr tihurtat

Original Words of old Scotch Airs. — Can any
one tell me where the original words of many fine
old Scotch airs are to be found ? The wretched
verses of Allan Ramsay, and others of the same
school, are adapted to the "Yellow-haired Laddie,"
"Ettrick Banks," "The Bush aboon Traquair,"
" Mary Scott," and hundreds of others. There
must exist old words to many of these airs, which
at least will possess some local characteristics, and
be a blessed change from the " nymphs " and
" swains," the " Stephens " and " Lythias," which
now pollute and degrade them. Any information
on this subject will be received most thankfully.
I particularly wish to recover some old words to
the air of " Mary Scott." The only verse I re-
member is this, —

" Mary's black, and Mary's white,
Mary is the king's delight;
The king's delight, and the prince's marrow,
Mary Scott, the Flower of Yarrow. "

L. M. M. R.

Royal Salutes. — When the Queen arrives at
any time in Edinburgh after sunset, it has been

246

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

remarked that the Castle guns are never fired in
salute, in consequence, it is said, of the existence
of a general order which forbids the firing of sa-
lutes after sunset. Is there such an order in ex-
istence ? I would farther ask why twenty-one
was the number fixed for a royal salute ? S.

" The Negro's Complaint" — Who was the
author of this short poem, to be found in all the
earlier collections of poetry for the use of schools ?
It begins thus :

" Wide o'er the tremulous sea,

The moon spread her mantle of light ;
And the gale gently dying away,

Breath'd soft on the bosom of night."

Henry Stephens.

" The Coiv Doctor." — Who is the author of
the following piece ? — The Cow Doctor, a Comedy
in Three Acts, 1810. Dedicated to the Rev.
Thomas Pennington, Rector of Thorley, Herts,
and Kingsdown, Kent ; author of Continental Ex-
cursions, &c.

This satire is addressed to the Friends of Vac-
cination.* S. N.

Soomarohoff's " Demetrius." — Who translated
the following drama from the Russian ?

Demetrius, a Tragedy, 8vo., 1806, translated by
Eustaphiere. This piece, which is a translation
from a tragedy of SoomarokofF, one of the most
eminent dramatic authors of Russia, is said to be
the first (and I think it is still the only) Russian
drama of which there is an English translation.

S.N.

Polygamy. — 1 . Do the Jews at present, iu any
country, practise polygamy ? 2. If not, when
and why was that practice discontinued among
them ? 3. Is there any religious sect which
forbids polygamy, besides the Christians (and
the Jews, if the Jews do forbid it) ? 4. Was
Polygamy permitted among the early Christians ?
Paul's direction to Timothy, that a bishop should
be " the husband of one wife," seems to show that
it was ; though I am aware that the phrase has
been interpreted otherwise. 5. On what ground
has polygamy become forbidden among Chris-
tians ? I am not aware that it is directly forbid-
den by Scripture. Stylites.

[* On the title-page of a copy of this comedy now
before us is written, " With the author's compliments
to Dr. Lettsom ; " and on the fly-leaf occurs the follow-
ing riddle in MS. :

" Who is that learned man, who the secret disclos'd
Of a book that was printed before 'twas composed ?

Answer.

He is harder than iron, and as soft as a snail,

Has the head of a viper, and a file in his tail." — Ed.]

Irish, Anglo-Saxon, Longohardic, and Old En-
glish Letters. — I would be glad to know the
earliest date in which the Irish language has been
discovered inscribed on stone or in manuscript ;
also the earliest date in which the Anglo-Saxon,
Longobardic, and Old English letter has been
known in England and Ireland. E. P.

Youghal.

Description of Battles. — Judging from my own
experience, historical details of battles are com-
paratively unintelligible to non-military readers.
Now that, unhappily, we shall probably be com-
pelled to " hear of battles," would not some of our
enterprising publishers do well to furnish to the
readers of history and of the bulletins, a popular
" Guide to the Battle Field," drawn up by some
talented military officer? It must contain de-
monstratively clear diagrams, and such explan-
ations of all that needs to be known, as an officer
would give, on the spot, to his nonprofessional
friend. The effects of eminences, rivers, roads,
woods, marshes, &c, should be made plain ; in
short, nothing should be omitted which is neces-
sary to render an account of a battle intelligible
to ordinary readers, instead of being, as is too
often the case, a mere chaotic assemblage of words.
Thinks I to Myself.

Do Martyrs always feel Pain ? — Is it not pos-
sible that an exalted state of feeling — approaching
perhaps to the mesmeric state — may be attained,
which will render the religious or political martyr
insensible to pain ? It would be agreeable to think
that the pangs of martyrdom were ever thus al-
leviated. It is certainly possible, by a strong
mental effort, to keep pain in subjection during
a dental operation. A firmly fixed tooth, under'a
bungling operator, may be wrenched from the jaw
without pain to the patient, if he will only deter-
mine not to feel. At least, I know of one such
case, and that the effort was very exhausting. In
the excitement of battle, wounds are often not
felt. One would be glad to hope that Joan of
Arc was insensible to the flames which consumed
her : and that the recovered nerve which enabled
Cranmer to submit his right hand to the fire,
raised him above suffering. Alfred GattY.

Carronade. — What is the derivation of the term
carronade, applied to pieces of ordnance shorter
and thicker in the chamber than usual ? Here
the idea is that they took their name from the
Carron foundries, where they were cast. In the
early years of the old war-time, there were carron
pieces or carron guns, and only some considerable
time thereafter carronades. How does this stand?
and is there any likelihood of the folk story being
true ? C. D. Lamont.

Greenock.

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

247

Darcy, of Flatten, co. Meath. — It is on record
that, in the year 1486, the citizens of Dublin, en-
couraged by the Earl of Kildare and the Arch-
bishop, received Lambert Simnel, and actually
crowned him King of England and Ireland in
Christ's Church ; and that to make the solemnity
more imposing, they not only borrowed a crown
for the occasion from the head of the image of the
Virgin that stood in the church dedicated to her
service at Dame's Gate, but carried the young
impostor on the shoulders of " a monstrous man,
one Darcy, of Flatten, in the county of Meath."

Did this " monstrous man " leave any de-
scendants ? And if so, is there any representative,
and where, at the present day ? Flatten has long
since passed into other hands. Abhba.

Dorset. — In Byrom's MS. Journal, about to be
printed for the Chetham Society, I find the fol-
lowing entry :

•'May 18, 1725. I found the effect of last night
drinking that foolish Dorset, which was pleasant
enough, but did not at all agree with me, for it made
me very stupid all day."

Query, What is Dorset ? R. P.

" Vanitatem observare." — Can any of your
readers explain the following extract from the
Council of Ancyra, a.d. 314? I quote from a
Latin translation :

" Mulieribus quoque Christianis non liceat in suis
lanificiis vanitatem observare ; sed Deum invocent ad-
jutorem, qui eis sapientiam texendi donavit."

What is meant by " vanitatem observare ? "

R. H. G.

King's Prerogative. — A writer in the Edin-
burgh Review, vol. lxxiv. p. 77., asserts, on the au-
thority of Blackstone (but he does not refer to
the volume and page of the Commentaries, and I
have in vain sought for the passages), that it is to
this day a branch of the king's prerogative, at the
death of every bishop, to have his kennel of hounds,
or a compensation in lieu of it. Does the writer
mean, and is it the fact, that if a bishop die with-
out having a kennel of hounds, his executors are
to pay the king a compensation in lieu thereof?
And if it is, what is the amount of that com-
pensation ? Is it merely nominal ? I can under-
stand the king claiming a bishop's kennel of
hounds or compensation in feudal times, when
bishops were hunters (vide Raine's Auckland
Castle, a work of great merit, and abounding with
much curious information) ; but to say, to this day
it is a branch of the king's prerogative, is an insult
alike to our bishops and to religious practices in
the nineteenth century. Of hunting bishops in
feudal times, I beg to refer your readers, in ad-
dition to Mr. Raine's work, to an article in the
fifty-eighth volume of the Quarterly Review,

p. 433., for an extract from a letter of Peter of
Blois to Walter, Bishop of Rochester, who at the
age of eighty was a great hunter. Peter was
shocked at his lordship's indulgence in so un-
clerical a sport. It is obvious neither Peter nor
the Pope could have heard of the hunting Bishops
of Durham. Fra. Mewbuen.

Quotations in Cowper. — Can any of your corre-
spondents indicate the sources of the following
quotations, which occur in Cowper's Letters
(Hayley's Life and Letters of Cowper, 4 vols.,
1812) ? In vol. iii. p. 278. the following verses,
referring to the Atonement, are cited :

" Tov 5e ko.6' oufia feep ko.1 <ro\ feed ifiol nal aS(\cj)o?s
'Hfxtrepois, avrov aa^ofiipois SavaTcp."

In vol. iv. p. 240. it is stated that Twining ap-
plied to Pope's translation of Homer the Latin
verse —

* Perfida, sed quamvis perfida, cara tamen."

L.

Cawley the Regicide. — Mr. Waylen, in his
History of Marlborough, just published, shows
that Cawley of Chichester, the regicide, has in
Burke's Commoners been confounded with Cawley
of Burderop, in Wiltshire ; and he adds, " the fact
that a son of the real regicide (the Rev. John
Cawley) became a rector of the neighbouring
parish of Didcot," &c. has helped to confound the
families. May I ask what is the authority for
stating that the Rev. J. Cawley was a son of the
regicide ? C. T. R.

fflinav <&\izvies> Softfi 8ntffoerrf.

Dr. John Pocklington. — Can any of your cor-
respondents oblige me with information respecting
the family, or the armorial bearings of Dr. John
Pocklington ? He wrote Altare Christianum and
Sunday no Sabbath. The parliament deprived him
of his dignities a.d. 1640 ; and he died Nov. 14,
1642. Dr. Pocklington descended from Ralph
Pocklington, who, with his brother Roger, fol-
lowed Margaret of Anjou after the battle of
Wakefield, a.d. 1460. He is said to have settled
in the west, where he lived to have three sons.
The family is mentioned in connexion with the
county of York, as early as a.d. 1253. X. Y. Z.

[John Pocklington was first a scholar at Sidney
Sussex College, B. D. in 1621, and afterwards a Fel-
low of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. He subsequently
became Rector of Yelden in Bedfordshire, Vicar of
Waresley in Huntingdonshire, prebend of Lincoln,
Peterborough, and Windsor ; and was also one of the
chaplains to Charles I. "On the 15th May, 1611,
the Earl of Kent, with consent of Lord Harington,
wrote to Sidney College to dispense with Mr. Pock-
lington's holding a small living with cure of souls.

248

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

See the original letter in the college treasury, box 1 or
6." (Cole's MSS., vol. xlvi. p. 207.). Among the King's
Pamphlets in the British Museum is " The Petition
and Articles exhibited in Parliament against John
Pocklington, D. D., Parson of Yelden, in Bedfordshire,
-anno 1641." The petition "humbly sheweth, That
-John Pocklington, D. D., Rector of the parish of
Yelden in the county of Bedford, Vicar of Waresley in
the county of Huntingdon, Prebend of Lincoln, Peter-
borough, and Windsor, hath been a chief author and
ringleader in all those innovations which have of late
flowed into the Church of England." The Articles
exhibited (too long to quote) are singularly illustrative
of the ecclesiastical usages in the reign of Charles I.,
and would make a curious appendix to the Rev. H. T.
Ellacombe's article at p. 257. of the present Number.
Having rendered himself obnoxious to the popular
faction by the publication of his Altare Christianum and
Sunday no Sabbath, the parliament that met on Nov. 3,
1 640, ordered these two works to be btirnt by the com-
mon hangman in both the Universities, and in the
city of London. He died on November 14, and was
buried Nov. 16, 1642, in the churchyard of Peter-
borough Cathedral. On his monumental slab is the
following inscription: "John Pocklington, S.S. Theo-
logia Doctor, obiit Nov. 14, 1642." A copy of his
will is in the British Museum (Lansdown, 990, p. 74.).
It is dated Sept. 6, 1642 ; and in it bequests are made
to his daughters Margaret and Elizabeth, and his sons
John and Oliver. His wife Anne was made sole exe-
cutrix. He orders his body " to be buried in Monk's
churchyard, at the foot of those monks martyrs whose
•monument is well known : let there be a fair stone
with a great crosse cut upon it laid on my grave." For
notices of Dr. Pocklington, see Willis's Survey of
Cathedrals, vol. iii. p. 521.; Walker's Sufferings of the
Clergy, Part II. p. 95. ; and Fuller's Church History,
book xi. cent. xvii. sect. 30 — 33.] •

Last Marquis of Annandale. — 1 . When and
where did he die ? 2. Any particulars regarding
his history ? 3. When and why was Lochwood,
the family residence, abandoned ? 4. How many
marquisses were there, and were any of them men
of any note in their day and generation ?

Annandale.

[The first marquis "was William Johnstone, third
Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, who was advanced
4th June, 1701, to the Marquisate of Annandale. He
died at Bath, 14th January, 1721, and was succeeded
by his son James, who died 21st February, 1730.
George, his half-brother, born 29th May, 1720, was
the third and last Marquis of Annandale. An inquest
from the Court of Chancery, 5th March, 1748, found
this marquis a lunatic, and incapable of "governing
himself and his estate, and that he had been so from
the 12th December, 1744. He died at Turnham
Green on the 29th April, 1792, in the seventy-second
year of his age, and was buried at Chiswick, 7th May
following. {Gent. Mag., May, 1792, p. 481.) Since
his decease the honours of the house of Annandale
have remained dormant, although they have been
claimed by several branches of the family. (Burke's

Extinct Peerages.) Before the union of the two
crowns the Johnstones were frequently wardens of the
west borders, and were held in enthusiastic admiration
for their exploits against the English, the Douglasses,
and other borderers. During the wars between the
two nations, they effectually suppressed the plunderers
on the borders ; hence their device, a winged spur, and
their motto, " Alight thieves all," to denote their au-
thority in commanding them to surrender. Loch-
wood, the ancient seat of the Marquisses of Annandale,
was inhabited till 1724, three years after the death of
the first marquis, when it was finally abandoned by
the family, and suffered gradually to fall into decay.
In The New Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. iv.
p. 1 12., we read " that the principal estate in the parish
of Moffat has descended to Mr. Hope Johnstone of
Annandale, to whom it is believed the titles also, in so
far as claimed, of right belong, and whose restoration
to the dormant honours of the family would afford
universal satisfaction in this part of Scotland ; because
it is the general feeling that he has a right to them,
and that in his family they would not only be sup-
ported, but graced." Some farther particulars of the
three marquisses will be found in Douglass' Peerage of
Scotland (by Wood), vol. i. p. 75., and in The Scots
Compendium, edit. 1764, p. 151.]

Heralds' College. — Richard III. incorporated
the College of Arms in 1483, and that body con-
sisted of three kings of arms, six heralds, and four
pursuivants. Can you inform me of the names of
these first members of that Heraldic body ?

Escutcheon.

— Vicarage.

[Mark Noble, in his History of the College of Arms,
p. 57., remarks, " There is nothing more difficult than
to obtain a true and authentic series of the heralds,
previous to the foundation of the College of Arms, or,
to speak more properly, the incorporation of that body.
Mr. Lant, Mr. Anstis, Mr. Edmondson, and other
gentlemen, who had the best opportunities, and whose
industry was equal to #their advantage, have not been
able to accomplish it ; and from that time, especially
in Richard's reign, it is not practicable. Some idea
may be formed of the heraldic body at the commence-
ment of this reign, by observing the names of those
who attended the funeral of Edward IV. Sandford
and other writers mention Garter, Clarenceux, Nor-
roy, March, and Ireland, kings at arms ; Chester, Lei-
cester, Gloucester, and Buckingham, heralds ; and
Rouge- Croix, Rose-Blanch, Calais, Guisnes, and Har-
rington, pursuivants."]

Teddy the Tiler.— Who was Teddy the Tiler ?

W. P. E.

[This is a fire-and- water farce, taken from the
French by G. Herbert Rodwell, Esq., ending with
one element and beginning with the other. Mr.
Power's performance of Teddy, as many of our readers
will remember, kept the audience in one broad grin
from beginning to end. It will be found in Cumber-
land's British Theatre, vol. xxv., with remarks, biogra-
phical and critical.]

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

249

Duchess of Mazarin s Monument. — I read yes-
terday, in an interesting French work, that the
beautiful Hortense Mancini, a niece of Mazarin,
and sister to Mary Mancini, the early love of
Louis XIV., after various peregrinations, died at
Chelsea, in England, on July 2, 1699. Although
not an important question, I think I may venture
to ask whether any monument or memorial of
this remarkable beauty exists at Chelsea, or in its
neighbourhood ? W. Robson.

[Neither Faulkner nor Lysons notices any monu-
mental memorial to the Duchess of Mazarin, whose
finances after the death of Charles II. (who allowed
her a pension of 4,000/. per annum) were very slender,
so much so that, according to Lysons, it was usual for
the nobility and others, who dined at her house, to
leave money under the plates to pay for their enter-
tainment. She appears to have been in arrear for the
parish rates during the whole time of her residence at
Chelsea.]

Halcyon Days. — What is the derivation of
" halcyon days ? " W. P. E.

[The halcyon, or king's fisher, a bird said to breed
in the sea, and that there is always a calm during her
incubation ; hence the adjective figuratively signifies
placid, quiet, still, peaceful : as Dryden says, —

" Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be,
As halcyons brooding on a winter's sea."

* The halcyon," says Willsford, in his Nature's Secrets,
p. 134., " at the time of breeding, which is about four-
teen days before the winter solstice, foreshews a quiet
and tranquil time, as it is observed about the coast of
Sicily, from whence the proverb is transported, the
halcyon days."]

Klgltaf.

DOGS IN MONUMENTAL BRASSES.

(Vol. IX., p. 126.)

I may refer Mr. B. H. Alford to the Oxford
Manual of Monumental Brasses, p. 56., for an an-
swer to his Query :

" Knights have no peculiar devices besides their
arms, unless we are to consider the lions and dogs be-
neath their feet as emblematical of the virtues of
courage, generosity, and fidelity, indispensable to their
profession. One or two dogs are often at the feet of
the lady. They are probably intended for some fa-
vourite animal, as the name is occasionally inscribed,"
&c.

Neither dog nor lion occurs at the feet of the
following knights represented on brasses prior to
1460:

"c. 1450. Sir John Peryent, Jun., Digswell, Herts.

(engd. Boutell.)

1455. John Daundelyon, Esq., Margate, (ditto.)
c. 1360. William de Aldehurgh, Aldborough,

Yorkshire, (engd. Manual.)

c. 1380. Sir Edward Cerue, Draycot Cerue, Wilt-
shire, (eng. Boutell.)

1413. c. 1420. John Cressy, Esq., Dodford,
Northants. (ditto.)

1445. Thomas de St. Quintin, Esq., Harpham,
Yorkshire, (ditto.)"

Whilst a dog is seen in the following :'

" 1462. Sir Thomas Grene, Green's Norton, North-
ants. (ditto.)

1510. John Leventhorpe, Esq., St. Helen's, Bi-
shopsgate. (Manual.)

1471. Wife of Thomas Colte, Esq., Roy don,
Essex.

c. 1480. Brass at Grendon, Northants.

c. 1485. Brass, Latton, Essex.

1501. Robert Baynard, Esq., Laycock, Wilts."

These examples are described or engraved in
the works of the Rev. C. Boutell, or in the Oxford
Manual, and I have little doubt that my own
collection of rubbings (if I had leisure to examine
it) would supply other examples under both of
these sections. W. Sparrow Simpson.

It is usually asserted that the dog appears at
the feet of the lady in monumental brasses as a
symbol of fidelity ; while the lion accompanies her
lord as the emblem of strength and courage.
These distinctions, however, do not appear to have
been much attended to. The dog, in most cases
a greyhound, very frequently appears at the feet
of a knight or civilian, as on the brasses of the
Earl of Warwick, 1401, Sir John Falstolf at
Oulton, 1445, Sir John Leventhorpe at Saw-
bridge worth, 1433, Sir Reginald de Cobham at
Lingfield, 1403, Richard Purdaunce, Mayor of
Norwich, 1436, and Peter Halle, Esquire, at
Heme, Kent, 1420. Sir John Botiler, at St.
Bride's, Glamorganshire, 1285, has a dragon; and
on the brass of Alan Fleming, at Newark, 1361,
appears a lion with a human face seizing a smaller
lion. On a very late brass of Sir Edward Warner,
at Little Plumstead, Norfolk, 1565, appears a
greyhound ; a full century after the date assigned
by B. H. Alford for the cessation of these sym-
bolical figures.

Sometimes the lady has two little dogs, as Lady
Bagot, at Baginton, Warwickshire, 1407; and in
one instance, that of Lady Peryent, at Digswell,
Herts, 1415, there is a hedgehog, the meaning of
which is sufficiently obvious. B. H. Afford, in
noticing the omission of the dog in the brass of
Lady Camoys, at Trotton, 1424, has not men-
tioned a singular substitute which is found for it,
namely, the figure of a boy or young man, stand-
ing by the lady's right foot : but what this means
I cannot attempt to determine ; perhaps her only
son.

It may be interesting to add that some brasses
of ecclesiastics exhibit strange figures, not easy to
interpret, if meant as symbolical. The brass at

250

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

Oulton, of the priest de Bacon, 1310, has a

lion ; that of the Abbot Delamere, at St. Albans,
1375, two dragons; that of a priest at North
Mimms, about 1360, a stag; and, still more ex-
traordinary, that of Laurence Seymour, a priest,
at Higham Ferrers, 1337, two dogs contending
for a bone. F. C. H.

(Vol. viii., pp. 366. 624. ; Vol. ix., p. 63.)

I can add another item of the folk lore to those
already quoted. One of the salutations, by which
a sneezer is greeted amongst the lower class of
Romans at the present day, is Figli maschi, " May
you have male children ! "

The best essay on sneezing, that I am acquainted
■with, is to be found in Strada's Prolusions, book iii.
Prol. 4., in which he replies at some length, and
not unamusingly, to the Query, " Why are sneezers
saluted ? " It seems to have arisen out of an
occurrence which had recently taken place at
Rome, that a certain Pistor Suburranus, after
having sneezed twenty-three times consecutively,
had expired at the twenty-fourth sneeze : and his
object is to prove that Sigonius was mistaken in
supposing that the custom of saluting a sneezer
had only dated from the days of Gregory the
Great, when many had died of the plague in the
act of sneezing. In opposition to this notion, he
adduces passages from Apuleius and Petronius
Arbiter, besides those from Ammianus, Athe-
nasus, Aristotle, and Homer, already quoted in
your pages by Mr. F. J. Scott. He then pro-
ceeds to give five causes from which the custom
may have sprung, and classifies them as religious,
medical, facetious, poetical, and augural.

Under the first head, he argues that the salu-
tation given to sneezers is not a mere expression
of good wishes, but a kind of veneration : " for,"
says he, " we rise to a person sneezing, and hum-
bly uncover our heads, and deal reverently with
him." In proof of this position, he tells us that
in Ethiopia, when the emperor sneezed, the salu-
tations of his adoring gentlemen of the privy
chamber were so loudly uttered as to be heard
and re-echoed by the whole of his court ; and
thence repeated in the streets, so that the whole
city was in simultaneous commotion.

The other heads are then pursued with con-
siderable learning, and some humour ; and, under
the last, he refers us to St. Augustin, De Doctr.
Christ, ii. 20., as recording that —
*' When the ancients were getting up in the morning,
if they chanced to sneeze whilst putting on their shoes,
they immediately went back to bed again, in order
that they might get up more auspiciously, and escape
the misfortunes which were likely to occur on that
day."

One almost wishes that people now-a-days would
sometimes consent to follow their example, when
they have " got out of bed the wrong way."

C. W. Bingham.

SIR JOHN DE MORANT.

(Vol. ix., p. 56.)

In answer to the Query of H. H. M., I beg to
state that the Sir John de Morant chronicled by
Froissart was Jean de Morant, Chevalier, Seigneur
d'Escours, and other lordships in Normandy. He
was fourth in descent from Etienne de Morant,
Chevalier, living A.r>. 1245, and son of Etienne de
Morant and his wife Marie de Pottier. His pos-
terity branched off into many noble Houses ; as
the Marquis de Morant, and Mesnil- Gamier, the
Count de Panzes, the Barons of Fontenay, Ru-
pierre, Bieville, Coulonces, the Seigneurs de Cour-
seulles, Brequigny, &c.

The Sire Jean de Morant, born a.d. 1346, was
the hero of the following adventure, quoted from
an ancient chronicle of Brittany, by Chesnaye-
Desbois. It appears that the Sire de Morant was
one of five French knights, who fought a combat
a Voutrance against an equal number of English
challengers, with the sanction, and in the pre-
sence, of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,
a.d. 1381-2. The result^ was in favour of the
French. The chronicle proceeds :

" Le Sire de Morant s'etant principalement distingue
dans cette action, un Chevalier Anglois lui proposa
de venger, tete-a-tete, la defaite de ses compatriotes,
et qu'ils en vinrent aux mains ; mais que l'Anglois,
qu'une indisposition aux genouils avoit force' de com-
battre sans bottes garnies, avoit engage son adversaire
de quitter les siennes, en promettant, parole d'honneur,
de ne point abuser de cette condescendance, a quoi le
Sire de Morant consentit: le perfide Anglois ne lui
tint pas parole, et lui porta trois coups d'epee dans la
jambe. Le Due de Lancastre, qui en fut temoin, fit
arreter ce lache, et le fit mettre entre les mains du Sire
de Morant, pour tirer telle vengeance qu'il jugeroit a
propos, ou du moins le contraindre a lui payer une
forte rancon. Le Seigneur de Morant remercia ce
Prince, en lui disant ' qu'il etoit venu de Bretagne
non pour de l'or, mais pour Phonneur,' et le supplia de
recevoir en grace l'Anglois, attribuant a son peu d'a-
dresse ce qui n'etoit que l'effet de sa trahison. Le Due
de Lancastre, charme d'une si belle reponse, lui envoya
une coupe d'or et une somme considerable. Morant
refusa la somme, et se contenta de la coupe d'or, par
respect pour le Prince."

There is a short account of the branch of Mo-
rant de Mesnil-Garnier in the Genealogie de
France, by Le Pere Anselme, vol. ix. ; but a very
full and complete pedigree is contained in the
eighth volume of the Diet, de la Noblesse Franqaise,
by M. de la Chesnaye-Desbois.

•Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

251

As the Rev. Philip Morant was a native of
Jersey, it is more than probable that he was an
offset of the ancient Norman stock, though their
armorial bearings are widely different. The latter
bore, Azure, three cormorants argent ; but the
family of Astle, of Colne Park in Essex, are said
to quarter for Morant, Gules, on a chevron argent,
three talbots passant sable.

Having only a daughter and heiress, married
to Thomas Astle, Keeper of the Records in the
Tower of London, the reverend historian of Essex
could hardly have been the ancestor of the Mo-
rants of Brockenhurst.

There was also another family in Normandy,
named Morant de Bois-ricard, in no way con-
nected with the first, who bore Gules, a bend
ermine. John o' the Ford.

Malta.

INN SIGNS.

(Vol. ix., p. 148.)

Alphege will find a good paper on the origin
of signs in the Mirror, vol. ii. p. 387. ; also an
ai-ticle on the present specimens of country ale-
house signs, in the first volume of the same in-
teresting periodical, p. 101. In Hone's JEvery-
Day Book, vol. i., are notices of curious signs at
pp. 1262. and 1385. In vol. ii. some very amusing
specimens are given at p. 789. Others occur in
Hone's Table-Book, at pp. 448. 504. and 756.

F. C. H.

I can answer Alphege's Query, having some
notes by me on the subject. He will pardon my
throwing them, in, a shapeless heap, jolting out as
you unload stones.

The Romans had signs ; and at Pompeii a pig
over the door represents a wine-shop within. The
Middle Ages adopted a bush. " Good wine needs
no bush," &.c, answering to the gilded grapes at a
modern vintner's. The bush is still a common
sign. At Charles I.'s death, a cavalier landlord
painted his bush black. Then came the modern
square sign, formerly common to all trades. Old
signs are generally heraldic, and represent royal
bearings, or the blazonings of great families. The
White Hart was peculiar to Richard II ; the White
Swan of Henry IV. and Edward III. ; the Blue
Boar of Richard III. ; the Red Dragon came in
with the Tudors. Then we have the Bear and
Ragged Staff of Leicester, &c. Monograms are
common ; as Bolt and Tun for Bolton ; Hare and
Tun for Harrington. The Three Suns is the fa-
vourite bearing of Edward IV. ; and all Roses,
white or red (as at Tewkesbury), are indications
of political predilection. Other signs commemo-
rate historical events ; as the Bull and Mouth,
Bull and Gate (the Boulogne engagement in

Henry VIII.'s time, and alluded to by Shak-
speare). The Pilgrim, Cross Keys, Salutation,
Catherine Wheel, Angel, Three Kings, Seven
Stars, St. Francis, &c, are medieval signs. Many
are curiously corrupted ; as the Cceur Dore
(Golden Heart) to the Queer Door ; Bacchanals
(the Bag of Nails) ; Pig and Whistle (Peg and
Wassail Bowl) ; the Swan and Two Necks (lite-
rally Two Nicks) ; Goat and Compasses (God
encompasseth us) ; The Bell Savage (La Belle
Sauvage, or Isabel Savage) ; the Goat in the
Golden Boots (from the Dutch, Goed in der
Gooden Boote), Mercury, or the God in the
Golden Boots. The Puritans altered many of the
monastic signs ; as the Angel and Lady, to the
Soldier and Citizen. In signs we may read every
phase of ministerial popularity, and all the ebbs
and flows of war in the Sir Home Popham, Rod-
ney, Shovel, Duke of York, Wellington's Head,
&c. At Chelsea, a sign called the " Snow Shoes,"
I believe, still indicates the excitement of the Ame-
rican war.

I shall be happy to send Aephege more in-
stances, or to answer any conjectures.

G. W. Thornburt.

A century ago, when the houses in streets were
unnumbered, they were distinguished by sign-
boards. The chemist had the dragon (some astro-
logical device) ; the pawnbroker the three golden
pills, the arms of the Medici and Lombardy, as
the descendant of the ancient bankers of England ;
the barber-chirurgeon the pole for the wig, and
the parti-coloured ribands to bind up the patient's
wounds after blood-letting ; the haberdasher and
wool-draper the golden fleece ; the tobacconist
the snuff-taking Highlander ; the vintner the
bunch of grapes and ivy-bush ; and the Church
and State bookseller the Bible and crown. The
Crusaders brought in the signs of the Saracen's
Head, the Turk's Head, and the Golden Cross.
Near the church were found the Lamb and Flag,
The Bell, the Cock of St. Peter, the Maiden's Head,
and the Salutation of St, Mary. The Chequers
commemorated the licence granted by the Earls
of Arundel, or Lords Warrenne. The Blue Boar
was the cognizance of the House of Oxford (and
so The Talbots, The Bears, White Lions, &c. may
usually be reasonably referred to the supporters
of the arms of noble families, whose tenants the
tavern landlords were). The Bull and Mouth,
the hostelry of the voyager to Boulogne Harbour.
The Castle, The Spread Eagle, and The Globe
(Alphonso's), were probably adopted from the
arms of Spain, Germany, and Portugal, by inns
which were the resort of merchants from those
countries. The Belle Sauvage recalled some show
of the day ; the St. George and Dragon comme-
morated the badge of the Garter ; the Rose and
Fleur-de-Lys, the Tudors ; The Bull, The Falcon,

252

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 229.

and Plume of Feathers, Edward IV. ; the Swan
and Antelope were the arms of Henry V. ; the
chained or White Hart of Richard II. ; the Sun
and Boar of King Richard III. ; the Greyhound
and Green Dragon of Henry VII. The Bag o'
Nails disguised the former Bacchanals ; the Cat
and Fiddle the Caton Fidele ; the Goat and Com-
passes was the rebus of the Puritan motto " God
encompasseth us." The Swan with Two Nicks
represented the Thames swans, so marked on their
bills under the "conservatory" of the Goldsmiths'
Company. The Cocoa Tree and Thatched House
tell their own tale ; so the Coach and Horses, re-
minding us of the times when the superior inns
were the only posting-houses, in distinction to
such as bore the sign of the Pack-Horse. The
Fox and Goose denoted the games played within ;
the country inn, the Hare and Hounds, the vicinity
of a sporting squire.

Mackenzie Walcott, M. A.

Alphege will find some information on this
subject in Lower's Curiosities of Heraldry, The
Beaufoy Tokens (printed by the Corporation of
London), and the Journal of the Archaeological
Association for April, 1853. William Kelly.

Leicester.

There are a series of articles on this subject in
the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxxxviii., parts i.
and ii., and vol. Ixxxix. parts i. and ii. Taylor
the Water-poet wrote A Catalogue of Memorable
Places and Taverns within Ten Shires of England,
London, 1636, 8vo. Much information will also
be found in Akerman's Tokens, and Burn's Cata-
logue of the Beaufoy Cabinet. Zeus.

" CONSILIUM DELECTORUM CARDINALIUM."

(Vol. viii., p. 54. ; Vol. ix., pp. 127-29.)

Novus did not require correction ; but Me.
B. B. Woodward has elaborately confounded the
genuine Consilium of 1537 with Vergerio's spu-
rious Letter of Advice, written in 1549. Four
cardinals, and not nine (as Me. Woodward sup-
poses), subscribed the authentic document ; but
perhaps novem may have been a corruption of
novum, applied to the later Bolognese Consilium ;
or else the word was intended to denote the num-
ber of all the dignitaries who addressed Pope
Paul III. R. G.

" This Consilium was the result of an assembly of
four cardinals, among whom was our Pole, and five
prelates, by Paul III. in 1537, charged to give him
their best advice relative to a reformation of the church.
The corruptions of that community were detailed and
denounced with more freedom than might have been
expected, or was probably desired ; so much so, that
when one of the body, Cardinal Caraffa, assumed the

tiara as Paul IV., he transferred his own advice into
his own list of prohibited books. The Consilium be-
came the subject of an animated controversy. M'Crie,
in his History of the Reformation in Italy, has given a
satisfactory account of the whole, pp. 83, &c. The
candid Quirini could maintain neither the spuriousness
of this important document, nor its non-identity with
the one condemned in the Index. (See Schelhorn's
Two Epistles on the subject, Tiguri, 1748.) And now
observe, gentle reader, the pontifical artifice which this
discussion has produced. Not in the Index following
the year 1748, namely, that of 1750 (that was too soon),
but in the next, that of 1758, the article appears thus:
' Consilium de emendanda Ecclesia. Cum Notis vel
Prcefationibus Hcereticorum. Ind. Trid.' The whole,
particularly the Ind. Trid., is an implied and real
falsehood." — Mendham's Literary Policy of the Church
of Rome, pp. 48, 49.

M. Barbier, in his Dictionnaire des Pseudonymes,
has given his opinion of the genuineness of the
Consilium in the following note, in reply to some
queries on the subject :

" Monsieur. — Le Consilium quorundam Episcoporum,
$r., me parait une piece bien authentique, puisque
Brown declare l'avoir trouve non-seulement dans les
oeuvres de Vergerio, mais encore dans les Lectiones
Memorabiles, en 2 vol. in fol. par Wolphius. Je ne
connais rien contre cette piece.

" J'ai l'honneur, &c.

" Barbier."

The learned Lorente has reprinted the " Con-
cilium" also in his work entitled Monumens His-
toriques concernant les deux Pragmatiques Sanc-
tions. There can, therefore, be no just grounds
for doubting the character of this precious article.

BlBLlOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

PULPIT HOUR-GLASSES.

(Vol. viii., pp. 82. 209. 279. 328. 454. 525.)

I should be glad to see some more information
in your pages relative to the early use of the pul-
pit hour-glass. It is said that the ancient fathers
preached, as the old Greek and Roman orators
declaimed, by this instrument ; but were the ser-
mons of the ancient fathers an hour long ? Many
of those in St. Augustine's ten volumes might be
delivered with distinctness in seven or eight
minutes; and some of those of Latimer and his con-
temporaries, in about the same time. But, Query,
are not the printed sermons of these divines merely
outlines, to be filled up by the preacher extempore f
Dyos, in a sermon preached at Paul's Cross, in
1570, speaking of the walking and profane talking
in the church at sermon time, also laments how
they grudged the preacher his customary hour. So
that an hour seems to have been the practice at
the Reformation.

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

253

The hour-glass was used equally by the Catho-
lics and Protestants. In an account of the fall of
the house in Blackfriars, where a party of Ro-
manists were assembled to hear one of their
preachers, in 1623, the preacher is described as —

" Having on a surplice, girt about his middle with a
linnen girdle, and a tippet of scarlet on both his
shoulders. He was attended by a man that brought
after him his book and hour- glass." — See The Fatal
Vespers, by Samuel Clark, London, 1657.

In the Preface to the Bishops' Bible, printed by
John Day in 1569, Archbishop Parker is repre-
sented with an hour-glass at his right hand. And
in a work by Franchinus Gaffurius, entitled Ange-
licum ac Divinum opus Musice, printed at Milan
in 1508, is a curious representation of the author
seated in a pulpit, with a book in his hand ; an
hour-glass on one side, and a bottle on the other ;
lecturing to an audience of twelve persons. This
woodcut is engraved in the second volume of
Hawkins' History of Music, p. 333.

Hour-glasses were often very elegantly formed,
and of rich materials. Shaw, in his Dresses and
Decorations of the Middle Ages, has given an en-
graving of one in the cabinet of M. Debruge at
Paris. It is richly enamelled, and set with jewels.
In the churchwardens' accounts of Lambeth Church
are two entries respecting the hour-glass : the
first is in 1579, when 1*. 4=d. was " payd to Yorke
for the frame in which the hower standeth ; " and
the second in 1615, when 6s. 8d. was "payd for
an iron for the hour-glasse." In an inventory of
the goods and implements belonging to the church
of All Saints, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, taken about
1632, mention is made of " one whole hour-glasse,"
and of " one halfe hour-glasse." (See Brand's
Newcastle, vol. i. p. 370.).

Fosbroke says, " Preaching by the hour-glass
was put an end to by the Puritans" (Ency. of
Antiq., vol. i. pp. 273. 307.). But the account
given by a correspondent of the Gentleman's Ma-
gazine (1804, p. 201.) is probably more correct:

" Hour-glasses, in the puritanical days of Cromwell,
were made use of by the preachers ; who, on first get-
ting into the pulpit, and naming the text, turned up
the glass ; and if the sermon did not hold till the glass
was out, it was said by the congregation that the
preacher was lazy : and if he continued to preach much
longer, they would yawn and stretch, and by these
signs signify to the preacher that they began to be
weary of his discourse, and wanted to be dismissed."

Butler speaks of "gifted brethren preaching by
a carnal hour-glass" {Hudibras, Parti., canto m.,
v. 1061.). And in the frontispiece of Dr. Young's
book, entitled England's Shame, or a Relation of
the Life and Death of Hugh Peters, London, 1663,
Peters is represented preaching, and holding an
hour-glass in his left hand, in the act of saying :
" I know you are good fellows, so let's have an-

other glass." The same words, or something very
similar, are attributed to the Nonconformist mi-
nister, Daniel Burgess. Mr. Maidment, in a note
to " The New Litany," printed in his Third Book
of Scottish Pasquils (Edin., 1828, p. 49.), also gives
the following version of the same :

" A humorous story has been preserved of one of
the Earls of Airly, who entertained at his table a
clergyman, who was to preach before the Commis-
sioner next day. The glass circulated, perhaps too
freely ; and whenever the divine attempted to rise, his
Lordship prevented him, saying, ' Another glass, and
then.' After 'flooring' (if the expression may be al-
lowed) his Lordship, the guest went home. He next
day selected a text : ■ The wicked shall be punished,
and that right early.' Inspired by the subject, he
was by no means sparing of his oratory, and the hour-
glass was disregarded, although repeatedly warned by
the precentor ; who, in common with .Lord Airly,
thought the discourse rather lengthy. The latter soon
knew why he was thus punished by the reverend gen-
tleman, when reminded, always exclaiming, not sotto
voce, ' Another glass, and then.' "

Hogarth, in his " Sleeping Congregation," has
introduced an hour-glass on the left side of the
preacher ; and Mr. Ireland observes, in his de-
scription of this plate, that they are " still placed
on some of the pulpits in the provinces." At
Waltham, in Leicestershire, by the side of the
pulpit was (or is) an hour-glass in an iron frame,
mounted on three high wooden brackets. (See
Nichols' Leicestershire, vol. ii. p. 382.) A bracket
for the support of an hour-glass is still preserved,
affixed to the pulpit of Hurst Church, in Berk-
shire : it is of iron, painted and gilt. An inte-
resting notice, accompanied by woodcuts, of a
number of existing specimens of hour-glass frames,
was contributed to the Journal of the British Ar-
chceological Association, vol. iii., 1848, by Mr. Fair-
holt, to which I refer the reader for farther in-
formation. Edward F. Kimbault.

I remember to have seen it stated in some an-
tiquarian journal, that there are only three hour-
glass stands in England where any portion of the
glass is remaining. In Cowden Church, in Kent,
the glass is nearly entire. Perhaps some of your
readers will be able to mention the two other
places. W. D. H.

In Salhouse Church, near Norwich, an iron
hour-glass stand still remains fixed to the pulpit ;
and a bell on the screen, between the nave and
the chancel. C— s. T. P.

At Berne, in the autumn of last year, I saw an
hour-glass stand still attached to the pulpit in the
minster. W. Sparrow SiMrsoN.

254

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

A Prize for the best Collodion. — Your " Hint to the
Photographic Society" (Feb. 25) I much approve of,
but I have always found more promptness from indi-
viduals than from associated bodies ; and all photo-
graphers I deem to be under great obligations to you
in affording us a medium of communication before a
Photographic Society was in existence. During the
past month your valuable articles, from some of our
most esteemed photographists, show that your pages
are the agreeable medium of publishing their re-
searches. 1 would therefore respectfully suggest that
you should yourself offer a prize for the best mode of
making a good useful collodion, and that that prize
should be a complete set of your valuable journal,
which now, I believe, is progressing with its ninth
volume. You might associate two independent names
with your own, in testing the merits of any sample
supplied to you, and a condition should be that the
formula should be published in " N. & Q." Your ob-
servations upon the manufacturers of paper, respecting
the intrinsic value of a premium, are equally applicable
to this proposition, because, should the collodion pre-
pared by any of the various dealers who at present ad-
vertise in your columns be deemed to be the most satis-
factory, your sanction and that of your friends alone
would be an ample recompense. I would also suggest
that samples sent to you should be labelled with a
motto, and a corresponding motto, sealed, should con-
tain the name and address, the name and address of the
successful sample alone to be opened : this would effec-
tually preclude all preconceived notions entertained by
the testing manipulators who are to decide on the
merits of what is submitted to them.

A Reader of " N. & Q." and a Photographer.

[We are obliged to our correspondent not only for
the compliment he has paid to our services to photo-
graphy, but also for his suggestion. There are many
reasons, and some sufficiently obvious, why we should
not undertake the task proposed ; and there are as ob-
vious reasons why it should be undertaken by the
Photographic Society. That body has not only the
means of securing the best judges of such matters,
but an invitation from such a body would probably
call into the field of competition all the best photo-
graphers, whether professional or amateur.]

Double Iodide of Silver and Potassium. — I shall feel
greatly indebted to you, or to any correspondent of
" N. & Q.," for information as to the proportion of
iodide of silver to the ounce of water, to be afterwards
taken up by a saturated solution of iodide of potassium,
and converted into the double iodide of silver and
potassium.

I generally pour all waste solution of silver into a
jar of iodide of potassium solution ; and last year,
having washed some of the precipitated iodide of silver,
I redissolved it in a solution of iodide of potassium of an
unknown strength. Paper prepared with this solution
answered very satisfactorily, kept well after excitation,
and was very clear and intense; but this was purely
accidental : and if you can tell me how to insure like
success this summer, without a series of experiments,

for which I have but little time just now, the inform-
ation will be very acceptable to me, and probably to
many others.

I excite my paper with equal proportions of satu-
rated solution of gallic acid and aceto-nitrate of silver,
one or two drops of each to the drachm of distilled
water. I always plunge the bottle of gallic acid solu-
tion into hot water when first made, which enables it
to take up more of the acid ; on cooling, the excess
crystallises at the bottom. This ensures an even
strength of solution : it will keep any length of time,
if a small piece of camphor be allowed to float in it.

J. W. Walrond.

Wellington.

[The resultant iodide from fifteen grains of nitrate
of silver, precipitated by means of the iodide of potas-
sium, will give the requisite quantity of iodide for
every ounce of water ; or about twenty-seven grains
of the dried iodide will produce the same effect. It
is however far preferable, and more economical, to
convert all waste into chloride of silver, from which
the pure metal may be again so readily obtained.
Iodide of silver, collected in the manner described by
our correspondent, is very likely to lead to disappoint-
ment.]

Albumenized Paper. — I have by careful observation
found that the cause of the albumen settling and dry-
ing in waving lines and blotches on my paper, arose
from some parts of the paper being more absorbent
than others, the gelatinous-like nature of the albumen
assisting to retard its ready ingress into the unequal
parts, and, consequently, that those places becoming
the first dried, prevented the albumen, still slowly
dripping over the now more wetted parts, from running
down equally and smoothly, thereby causing a check
to its progress ; and as at last these became also dry,
thicker and irregular patches of albumen were de-
posited, forming the mischief in question.

The discovery of the cause suggested to me the
propriety of either giving each sheet a prolonged float-
ing of from ten to fifteen minutes on the salted albu-
men, or until every part had become fully and equally
saturated ; or, as a preliminary to the floating and
hanging up by one corner on a line, of putting over-
night between each sheet a damped piece of bibulous
paper, and placing the whole between two smooth
plates of stone, or other non-absorbent material.

Either method produces equally good results ; but
I now always use the latter, thereby avoiding the
necessity of otherwise having several dishes of albu-
men at work at once. Henrv H. Hele.

Cyanide of Potassium (Vol. ix., p. 230.) I have

for a long time been in the habit of using a solution of
the above-named substance for fixing collodion positives,
because the reduced silver has a much whiter appear-
ance when thus fixed, than when the hyposulphite of
soda is used for the same purpose ; but I cannot quite
agree with Mr. Hockin that it is equally applicable to
negatives, though in many cases it will do very well. I
find the reduced metal is more pervious to light when
fixed with the cyanide solution, particularly in weak
negatives. Lastly, I find that a small quantity of the

Mae. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

255

silver salts being added to the solution before using,
produces less injury to the half-tones, and this not by
merely weakening the solution, as one of double the
strength with the silver is better than one without it,
though only half as powerful.

Your correspondent C. E. F. {ibid.) will find his
positives will not stand a saturated solution of hypo-
sulphite of soda, unless he prints them so intensely
dark that all traces of a picture by reflected light are
obliterated ; but I have sometimes accidentally exposed
my positives a whole day, and retained a fair proof by
soaking the apparently useless impressions in such a
solution. Geo. Shadbolt.

l&t$\it& to iHtnor Qtttrtaft

Saw-dust Recipe (Vol. ix., p. 148.). — See Her-
schel's Discourse on the Study of Natural Philo-
sophy, published in Lardner's Cyclopaedia, p. 64.,
where he says :

" That sawdust itself is susceptible of conversion into
a substance bearing no remote analogy to bread ; and
though certainly less palatable than that of flour, yet
no way disagreeable, and both wholesome and di-
gestible, as well as highly nutritive."

To which passage the following note is appended :

" See Dr. Prout's account of the experiments of
Professor Autenrieth of Tubingen, Phil, Trans., 1827,
p. 381. This discovery, which renders famine next
to impossible, deserves a higher degree of celebrity than
it has obtained."

J. M. W.

Though not exactly the recipe for saw-dust bis-
cuits which I have heard of, there is an account of
the process of making bread from bark in Laing's
" Norway " (Longman's Traveller's Lib.), part ii.
p. 219., where, on the subject of pine-trees, it is
stated :

" Many were standing with all their branches dead,
stripped of the bark to make bread, and blanched by
the weather, resembling white marble, — mere ghosts
of trees. The bread is made of the inner rind next the
wood, taken off in flakes like a sheet of foolscap paper,
and is steeped or washed in warm water, to clear off its
astringent principle. It is then hung across a rope to
dry in the sun, and looks exactly like sheets of parch-
ment. When dry it is pounded into small pieces mixed
with corn, and ground into meal on the hand-mill or
quern. It is much more generally used than I sup-
posed. There are districts in which the forests suffered
very considerable damage in the years 1812 and 1814,
when bad crops and the war, then raging, reduced
many to bark bread. The Fjelde bonder use it, more
or less, every year. It is not very unpalatable ; nor is
there any good reason for supposing it unwholesome,
if well prepared ; but it is very costly. The value of
the tree, which is left to perish on its root, would buy a
sack of flour, if the English market were open."

Now, if G. D., or any enterprising individual,
could succeed in converting saw-dust into whole-

some food, or fit for admixture with flour, some-
what after the above manner, it would indeed
be a "happy discovery," considering the present
high price of " the staff of life." Bread has also
been made from the horse-chesnut ; but the ex-
pense of preparation, removing the strong bitter
flavour, is no doubt the obstacle to its success.
What could be done with the Spanish chesnut ?

WlLLO.

The saw-dust recipe is to be found in the Satur-
day Magazine, Jan. 3, 1835, taken from No. 104.
of the Quarterly Review. It is entitled, " How to
make a Quartern Loaf out of a Deal Board."

J.C.

Your correspondent G. D. may find something
to his purpose in a little German work, entitled
Wie kann man, bey grosser Theuerung und Hun-
ger snoth, ohne Getreid, gesundes Brod verschaffen f
Von Dr. Oberlechner : Xav. Duyle, Salzburg,
1817. W. T.

Brydone the Tourist (Vol. ix., p. 138.). — The
literary world would feel obliged to J. Maceat to
tell us the name of the writer of the criticism who
says, " Brydone never was on the summit of Etna."
Did the scholars of Italy know more of what was
done by Englishmen in Sicily in Brydone's day
than they do at present ? How are the dates re-
conciled? Brydone would be 113 years old.
Mr. Beckford, I think, must have been some
thirteen or fourteen years younger. Brydone was
always considered to be in his relations in life a
man of probity and honour. I used to hear much
of him from one nearly related to me, whose
father was first cousin to Brydone's wife.

H. R. NEE F.

Etymology of "Page" (Vol. ix., p. 106.).—
Paggio Italian, page French and Spanish, pagi
Provencal, is derived by Diez, Etymologisches
Worterbuch der Romanischen Sprachen (Bonn,
1853), p. 249., from the Greek iratdioy. This de-
rivation is evidently the true one. I may take
this opportunity of recommending the above-cited
work to all persons who feel an interest in the
etymology of the Romance languages. It is not
only more scientific and learned, but more com-
prehensive, than any other work of the kind. L.

Longfellow (Vol. ix., p. 174.). — There was a
family of the name of Longfellow resident in
Brecon, South Wales, about fifty or sixty years
ago, who were large landowners in the county;
and one of them (Tom Longfellow, alluded to in
the lines below) kept the principal inn, " The
Golden Lion," in that town. His son occupied a
farm a few miles from Brecon, about thirty years
ago ; and two of his sisters resided in the town.
The family was frequently engaged in law suits
(perhaps from the proverbially litigious disposition

256

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

of their Welsh neighbours), and was ultimately
ruined. Many of the old inhabitants of that part
of the Principality could, no doubt, give a better
and fuller account of them.

The following lines (not very flattering to the
landlord, certainly), said to have been written by a
commercial traveller on an inside-window shutter
of " The Golden Lion," when Mr. Longfellow was
the proprietor, may not be out of place in " 28".
&Q.:"

" Tom Longfellow's name is most justly his due,
Long his neck, long his bill, which is very long too ;
Long the time ere your horse to the stable is led,
Long before he's rubbed down, and much longer till

fed;
Long indeed may you sit in a comfortless room,
Till from kitchen, long dirty, your dinner shall come ;
Long the often-told tale that your host will relate,
Long his face whilst complaining how long people eat ;
Long may Longfellow long ere he see me again, —
, Long 'twill be ere I long for Tom Longfellow's inn."

C. H. (2)

Yesterday I happened to be looking over an
old Bristol paper (Sarah Farley's Bristol Journal,
Saturday, June 11, 1791), and the name of Long-
fellow, which I had before only known as borne
by the poet, caught my eye. At the end of the
paper there is a notice in these words :

" Advertisements are taken in for this paper by
agents in various places, and by Mr. Longfellow,
Brecon," &c.

Henry Geo. Tomkins.

Park Lodge, Weston-super-Mare.

There is now living at Beaufort Iron Works,
Breconshire, a respectable tradesman, bearing the
name of Longfellow. He himself is a native of
the town of Brecon, as was his father also. But
his grandfather was a settler ; though from what
part of the country this last-named relative ori-
ginally came, he is unfortunately unable to say.
He has the impression, however, that it was from
Cornwall or Devonshire. Perhaps this information
will partly answer the question of Oxoniensis.

E. W. I.

It is by no means improbable that the name is
a corruption of Longvillers, found in Northamp-
tonshire as early as the reign of Edward I., and
derived, I imagine, from the town of Longueville
in Normandy. There is a Newton Longville in
this county. W. P. Stoker.

Olney, Bucks.

Canting Arms (Vol. ix., p. 146.). — The intro-
duction to the collection of arms alluded to was
not written by Sir George Naylor, but by the
Kev. James Dallaway, who had previously pub-
lished his Historical Enquiries, a work well known.

G.

Holy Loaf Money (Vol. ix., p. 150.). — At
some time before the date of present rubrics, it
was the custom for every house in the parish to
provide in rotation bread (and wine) for the Holy
Communion. By the first book of King Ed-
ward VI., this duty was devolved upon those who
had the cure of souls, with a provision " that the
parishioners of every parish should offer every
Sunday, at the time of the offertory, the jtist value
and price of the holy loaf ... to the use of the
pastors and curates " who had provided it ; " and
that in such order and course as they were wont
to find, and pay the said holy loaf." This is, I
think, the correct answer to the Query of T. J. W.

J. H. B.

" Could we with ink" Sfc. (Vol. viii., pp. 127.
180.). — The idea embodied in these lines was
well known in the seventeenth century. The
following " rhyme," extracted from a rare miscel-
lany entitled Wits Recreations, 12mo., 1640, has
reference to the subject.

" Interrogativa Cantilena.
■ If all the world were paper,
And all the sea were inke ;
If all the trees were bread and cheese,
How should we do for drinke ?

" If all the world were sand'o,

Oh then what should we lack'o ;
If as they say there were no clay,
How should we take tobacco ?

" If all our vessels ran'a,

If none but had a crack'a ;
If Spanish apes eat all the grapes,
How should we do for sack'a?

" If fryers had no bald pates,

Nor nuns had no dark cloysters ;

If all the seas were beans and pease,

How should we do for oysters ?

" If there had been no projects,

Nor none that did great wrongs ;
If fiddlers shall turne players all,
How should we doe for songs ?

" If all things were eternall,

And nothing their end bringing ;

If this should be, then how should we

Here make an end of singing ? "

Edward F. Rimbatjlt.

Mount Mill, and the Fortifications of London
(Vol. ix., p. 174.). — B. R. A. Y. will find that
the name is still applied to an obscure locality in
the parish of St. Luke, situated close to the west
end of Seward Street on the north side. The
parliamentary fortifications of London are de-
scribed in Maitland's Hist, and Mount Mill is
noticed in Cromwell's Clerkenwell, pp. 33. 396.
This writer supposes that the Mount (long since
levelled) originated in the interment of a great
number of persons during the plague of 1665 ; but

Mar. 18. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

257

this, I think, is a mistake, for the Mount is men-
tioned in a printed broadside which, if I remember
rightly, bears an earlier date. I cannot furnish
its title, but it will be found in the British Mu-
seum, with the press-mark 669. f. ^. A plan of
the city and suburbs, as fortified by order of the
parliament in 1642 and 1643, was engraved by
George Vertue, 1738 ; and a small plan of the
same works appeared in the Gentleman's Maga-
zine a few years afterwards (1749 ?).

W. P. Stoker.
Olney, Bucks.

Standing while the Lord's Prayer is read (Vol. ix.,
p. 127.). — A custom noted to prevail at Bristol:
in connexion with it, it would be interesting to
ascertain in what churches there still remain any
usages of by-gone days, but which have generally
got into desuetude. It is probable that in some
one or other church there may still exist a usage
handed down by tradition, which is not generally
recognised nor authorised in the present day.
Perhaps by means of our widely spread "N. & Q.,"
and the notes of its able contributors, this may be
ascertained. By way of example, and as a be-
ginning, I would mention the following : —

At St. Sampson's, Cricklade (it was so before
1820), the people say, "Thanks be to Thee, O
God ! " after the reading of the Gospel ; a usage
said to be as old as St. Chrysostom.

At Talaton, Devon, where the congregation
turn towards the singing gallery at the west end,
during the singing of the " Magnificat" and other
psalms, at the "Gloria" they all turn round to
the east.

At Bitton, Gloucestershire, two parishioners,
natives of Lincolnshire, always gave me notice be-
fore they came to Holy Communion, as it was their
custom always to do.

When a boy, I remember an old gentleman,
who came from one of the Midland Counties, al-
ways stood up at the " Glory" in the Litany. In
many country churches, the old women make a
courtesy.

In many country churches, the old men bow
and smooth down their hair when they enter the
church ; and women make a courtesy.

H. T. Ellacombe.

Rectory, Clyst St. George.

In a late Number of your miscellany, you
say it is a general practice for congregations in
churches to stand during the reading of the Lord's
Prayer, when it occurs in the order of Morning
Lessons. In my experience, I do not remember
any such custom prevalent in this part of the
country ; but may mention, as a curious and (as
far as I know, or ever heard of) singular ex-
ample of kneeling at the reading of St. Matt. vi.
and St. Luke xi., that at Forniby, a retired vil-

lage on the Lancashire coast, my first cure, the
people observed this usage. The children in the
schools were instructed to kneel whenever they
read the section of these chapters which contains
the Lord's Prayer. And at the "Burial of the
Dead," as soon as the minister came to that por-
tion of the ceremony where the use of the Lord's
Prayer is enjoined, all the assembled mourners
(old and young, and however cold or damp the
day) would devoutly kneel down in the chapel
yard, and remain in this posture of reverence until
the conclusion of the service. I observed that
their Roman Catholic neighbours, who often at-
tended at funerals, when they happened to be
present, did the same. So that it seemed to be
" a tradition derived from their fathers," and
handed down " from one generation to another."

K. L.
Great Lever, Bolton.

This custom is observed in the Cathedral at
Norwich, but not (I believe) in the other churches
in that city. I remember seeing it noticed in a
very old number of the Gentleman's Magazine,
and should be glad if any of your correspondents
could tell me which number it is. I have looked
through the Index in vain. The writer denounced
it as a Popish custom ! W.

A dead Sultan, with his Shirt for an Ensign
(Vol. ix., p. 76.). — Mr. Warden will find a long
and interesting description of Saladin in Knolles'
Turkish History, pp. 33. 57., published in London
by Adam Islip in 1603. I take from this learned
work the following curious anecdote :

" About this time (but the exact period is not stated)
died the great Sultan Saladin, the greatest terrour of
the Christians ; who, mindfull of man's fragilitie, and
the vanitie of worldly honours, commanded at the time
of his death no solemnitie to be vsed at his buriall, but
only his shirt in manner of an ensigne, made fast vnto
the point of a lance, to be carried before his dead bodie
as an ensigne. A plaine priest going before and cry-
ing aloud vnto the people in this sort : ' Saladin Con-
querour of the East, of all the greatnesse and riches hee
had in this life, carrieth not with him after his death any-
thing more than his shirt.'" — " A sight (says Knolles)
woorthie so great a king, as wanted nothing to his
eternall commendation, more than the true knowledge
of his salvation in Christ Jesu."

w. w.

Malta.

" Hovd maet of laet" (Vol. ix., p. 148.). — One
of your correspondents desires an explanation of
this phrase, which he found in the corner of an
old Dutch picture. It is a Flemish proverb; I
translate it thus :

" Keep within bounds, though 'tis late."

It may either be the motto which the artist
adopted to identify his work while he concealed

258

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229.

his name ; or it may be descriptive of the picture,
which then would be an illustration of this pro-
verb. Inscribed either by the artist himself, or
by some officious person, who thus " tacked the
moral full in sight."

I think I have seen a similar inscription some-
where in Flanders on an antique drinking-cup,
a very appropriate place for such wholesome
counsel.

I should like to know the subject of the picture
your correspondent refers to. In modern Dutch
the proverb reads thus :

" Houd maat of laat."

E. F. Woodman.

The above Dutch proverb means, in English :

" Keep within bounds, or leave off."

'AAtevs.

Captain Eyre's Drawings (Vol. ix., p. 207.). —
The mention of Captain Eyre's drawings of the
Fortifications in London, and the editorial note
appended thereto, remind me of an inquiry I have
long been desirous of making respecting the
curious, if authentic, drawings by this same
Captain Eyre, illustrative of Shakspeare's resi-
dence in London, described in one of your earlier
volumes (Vol. vii., p. 545.). I have not myself
had an opportunity of consulting Mr. Halliwell's
first volume, but a friend who looked at it for me
says he could not find any account of them there.
In whose possession are they now ? M. A.

Shrewsbury.

Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken (Vol. ix.,
p. 220.). — Had Mr. Mackenzie Wai.cott re-
ferred to a preceding volume of " N. & Q."
(Vol. viii., p. 10.), he would have seen that the
" coincidences " between these writers had been
already noticed in your pages by one of the
bishop's biographers.

The life of Ken, from the pen of your corre-
spondent, is omitted in Mr. Mackenzie Wal-
cott's list, and may be equally unknown to that
gentleman as the note before mentioned ; but in
the Quarterly Review (vol. lxxxix. p. 278.), and
in many pages of Mr. Anderdon's valuable vo-
lume, Mb. Mackenzie Walcott will find ample
mention of the work in question.

J. H. Markland.

Unfinished Works (Vol. ix., p. 148.). — J. M. is
informed that Dr. Shirley Palmer's Medical Dic-
tionary is finished. From the Preface it appears
to have been finished in 1841 ; but not published
(in a complete form) till 1845, with the title A
Pentaglot Dictionary of the Terms employed in
Anatomy, &c. ; London, Longman & Co. ; Birming-
ham, Langbridge. M. D.

" The Lounger's Common-place Booh" (Vol. ix.,
p. 174.). — The editor of this publication was
Jeremiah Whitaker Newman, who died July 27,
1839, aged eighty years. Some information re-
specting him and his work, supplied by me, ap-
peared in the Gentleman's Magazine, June, 1846.

J. R. W.

Bristol.

ffli$ttUK\\tawl.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

London Labour and London Poor. Nos. XLIV. and LXIV.

to End of Work.
Mrs. Gore's Banker's Wife.
Tales by a Barrister.
Schiller's Wallenstein, translated by Coleridge. Smith's

Classical Library.
Goethe's Faust (English). Smith's Classical Library.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. Initio.

*„* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The Hive, containing Vol. I. First Edition. 1724.
London Magazine. Vols, after the year 17G3.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Evans's Old Ballads. Vol. I. 1810.

Any of the Sermons, Tracts, &c, by the late Rev. A. G. Jewitt.
History of Lincoln, by A. Jewitt.

Howitt's Gipsy King, and other Poems. Either one or two
copies.

Wanted by R. Keene, Bookseller, Irongate, Derby.

Henry's (Philip) Life, by Sir J. B. Williams. Royal 8vo.
Wanted by T. Barcham, Bookseller, Reading.

Fresenujs Quantitative Analysis. Last Edition.
Wanted by Smith, Elder, $ Co., 65. Cornhill.

Two Volumes of Plates to Glossary of Architecture.
Parker, Oxford. 18S0.

Wanted by Ed. Appleton, Torquay.

The Banner Displayed, or, An Abridgment of Gwillim,
bv Samuel Kent. Thos. Cox, Printer. 1728. Vol I.

The Holy Bible. Pictorial. C. Knight. 1836. Vols. II.
and 111.

Wanted by John Garland, Solicitor, Dorchester.

A Map, Plan, and Representations of Interesting and Remark-
able Places connected with Ancieni- London (large size).
A Copy of an earlv number of " The Times " Newspaper, or of
the " Morning Chronicle " " Morning Post," or " Morning
Herald." The nearer the commencement preferred.
Copies or Fac-simiies of other Old Newspapers.
A Copy of The Breeches or other Old Bible.

Wanted by Mr. Joseph Simpson, Librarian, Literary and
Scientific Institution, Islington, London.

Enquiry after Happiness. The Third Part. By Richard
Lucas, D.D. Sixth Edition. 1734.
Wanted by Rev. John James, Avington Rectory, Hungerford.

Mar. 18, 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

259

fiaticti ta CmxttfgoslttaM.

We are unavoidably compelled to postpone our usual Notes on
Books, &c.

Mr. Ferguson, of the Exchequer Record Office, Dublin, re-
turns his best thanks to J. O. for his most acceptable present of
a book of poems.

ff Will An Old F.S.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., who writes to us that
the " Eyre drawings are authentic," oblige us with his name ? It
is obvious that anonymous te&timony can have little weight in
such a case, when opposed to that of known and competent
authorities.

*" Working Man will find the English equivalents for French
we ghts and measures, and much of the information he desires, in
Wiilich's Popular Tables.

' Bb. (Bradford) will probably find inthe Journal of a Naturalist,
White's Selborne, and the valuable series oj works illustrative of
the Natural History of England, published by Van Voorst of
Paternoster Row, the materials of which he stands in need, and
references to other authorities.

C. R. will find scattered through our Volumes many modern
instances of the mode of discovering the drowned, to which his
communication refers. . '

Abiiba. Our Correspondent should procure a valuable tract,
entitttd An Argument for the Greek Origin of the Mo .ogram
IHS," published by the Cambridge Camden Society (Masters),
which clearly shows that this symbol informed out of the first two
and the last letter of the Greek word IH20T2.

P. H. F. The communication for warded on " Lines attributed
to Hudibras," will be found in our 1st Volume, p. '210.

F. T. The Weekly Pacquet and the Popish Courant is one
and the same periodical, the latter being merely nn appendix to
the former, and printed continuously, as shown by the running
paginal figures ; so that when Chief Justice Scroggs prohibited
the publication of the former, he at the same lime suppressed the
latter.

A Beginner. We again repeat that we cannot point out
particular warehouses for the purchase of photographic materials.
Our advertising columns will show where they are to be pur-
chased at every variety of price.

C. K. P. (Newport). From the specimen forwarded, we doubt
whether the paper is Turrier's ; if it is, it is not his desirable
make. The negative it is evident, from Us redness and want of
gradation of tint throughout, has been far loo long exposed.
We have seen the brown spots complained of occur when the paper
has been too long excited before use.

E. Y. (Rochester). It is probable that the spot of which you
complain is from light refii cted from the bottom oj the camera,
not from the interior of the lens. If so, the application of a piece
of black velvet would remedy this. As the spot is always in one
place, it must depend upon light reflected from some one spot.

M. De S. (Tendring). We trust to be able to send a very
satisfactory reply in the course of a few days. We have delayed
answering only from a desire to accomplish our Correspondent's
object.

Our Eighth Volumb is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. 6d., cloth, boards. J few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 42. is For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

VALUABLE PATRISTICAL
WORKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED
IN GERMANY.

IREN^I OPERA OMNIA,

Gr. et Lat., aec. apparatus continens ex iis,
qua: nb aliis Editoribus aut de Irenseo ipso aut
de Sciiptis ejus sunt disputata. meliora et ite-
ratkne haud indigna, edid. A. SITE KEN.

2 thkk vols. 8vo. (2,100 pages), price 12. 16s. in
cloth boards ; or 21. 2s. full bound calf, antique
style, red edges.

This is by far the most elaborate and com-
plete edition of the Works of Irenreus, and is
fruit of twenty-five years' labour and study on
the part of the learned editor.

TERTULLIANI OPERA

OMNIA, ed. F. OEHLER. 3 thick vols. 8vo.
(nearly 3.000 pages), price 21. 8s. cloth boards ;
calf, antique, 31.

JUSTINI MARTYRTS

OPERA OMNIA, Gr. et Lat., ed. J. T. OTTO.

3 vi Is., in 5 Parts 8vo., bound in 2 vols., cloth
boards, 12. lis. 6c2. i or calf antique, 1/. 18s. ;
half-bound calf or vellum, 12. 15s.

London : D. NUTT, 270. Strand.

Just published, in 1 vol. 12mo., cloth, 3s. 6d.

THE LAW OF THE LOVE
OF GOD, an Essay on the Command-
ments of the First Table of the Decalogue, by
GEORGE MOKERLY, D.C.L., Head Master
of WiLchester College.

" This recently published Essay of Dr. Mo-
berly, on the Law of the Love of God, will
not ( isappoint its readers, but will be found
worthy of the author's reputation as a Divine,
and his high position as a scholar." —Scottish
Ecclesiastical Journal.

London : D. NUTT, 270. Strand.
Just published, large 8vo., stitched, price Is. 6c2.,

AUSTRIA. The present State
of its Finances and Currency. By an
IMPAt-TIAL OBSERVER. Translated from
the German. This Work has excited a great
sensath n in Germany, and 3,000 copies have
been sold in the last few weeks.

London : D. NUTT, 270. Strand.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
arc best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age: — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Poyal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz E. Harrison, H.F. Haase',
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder. W. H.
Montgomery. S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault. Frank Romer, G. H. Kodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves. J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.—
A retired Clergyman having been restored
to health in a few days, after many years of
great nervous suffering, is anxious to make
known to others the MEANS of a CURE ; will
therefore send free, on receiving a stamped en-
velope, properly addressed, a copy of the pre-
scription used.

Direct the REV. E. DOUGLASS, 18. Holland
Street, Brixton, London.

/CERTIFICATES IN DRAW-

\J ING are granted to SCHOOLMASTERS
and SCHOOLMISTRESSES, by the DE-
PARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART,
which will enable the holders of them to ob-
tain an Augmentation of Salary from the
Committee of Council for Education.

CLASSES for the INSTRUCTION of
Schoolmasters and Mistresses and Pupil-
Teachers in Freehand and Drawing. Linear
Geometry, Perspective and Model Drawing,
are formed in the Metropolis in the following
places :

1. MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, Pall Mall.-
Meeting on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
and Friday Evenings, from 7 to 9 s and Satur-
days, from 1 to 3.

2. SPITALFIELDS, Crispin Street. -Meet-
ing on Wednesday and Friday Evenings, from
7 to 9.

3. GORE HOUSE, Kensington. — Meeting
on Monday and Thursday Evenings, from 7
to 9.

FEE for the Session of Five Months, from
March to August, 5s.

For information, and Specimens of the Ex-
amination Papers, apply to the Secretaries of
the Department of Science and Art, Marl-
borough House, Pall Mall, Loudon.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Cold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities and adapted to
all Climates, may now he had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIOE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined. time<I, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 22., 32., and 42. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the (iueen,
65. CHEAPSLDE.

260

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 229

IMPERIAL LIFE INSU-
RANCE COMPANY.
1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
Instituted 1820.

SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., Chairman.
"WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., Deputy-
Chairman.

The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by
this Office will be found of a very moderate
character, but at the same time quite adequate
to the risk incurred.

FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent, of the
Profits, are assigned to Policies every fifth
year, and may be applied to increase the sum
insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or
to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
future Premiums.

ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insur-
ances of 500?. and upwards, for the whole term
of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy,
to be paid off at convenience ; or the Directors
■will lend sums of 50?. and upwards, on the
security of Policies effected with this Company
for the whole term of life, when they have
acquired an adequate value.

SECURITY. —Those who effect Insurances
With this Company are protected by its Sub-
scribed Capital of 750,000?., of which nearly
140,000?. is invested, from the risk incurred by
Members of Mutual Societies.

The satisfactory financial condition of the
Company, exclusive of the Subscribed and In-
vested Capital, will be seen by the following
Statement :
On the 31st October, 1851, the sums

Assured, including Bonus added,

amounted to - - - - - £2,500,000
The Premium Fund to more than - 800,000
And the Annual Income from the

same source, to 109,000

Insurances, without participation in Profits,
may be effected at reduced rates.

SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

SHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the
recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
s, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Cord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCn-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kiind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Kecords whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs toinform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1 .ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
». PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Iyethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J . H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley, Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Pfijw'ci'an. — William Rich. Basham.M.D.

Bankers Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100?.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—

Age £ s. d. I Age £ i. d.

17- - - 1 14 4 I 32- - - 2 10 8
- 1 18 8 I 37- - - 2 18 6

27-

4 5 | 42 -

3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6<i., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
— OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manu-
factory,21. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
Road, Islington. OTTE WILL'S Re.'istered
Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A.
ROSS, Featherstone Buildings. Holborn ; the
Photographic Institution, Bond Street : and
at the Manufactory as above, where every de-
scription of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may
be had. The Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKi N & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.
Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-

fuirements for the practice of Photography,
nstruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-
SITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Port, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEIs
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission

£ s. d
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - -050

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - -380

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - -550

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, anc
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a shor!
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchaser;
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,

168. New Bond Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
ami pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

flOLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phic^ Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
everv variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is cxtens.vely employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPERS
manufactured by MESSRS. TOW-
GOOD, of St. Neot's Mills, as mentioned in
" Notes and Queries," No. 220., Jan. 14. Com-
mercial and Family Stationery, &c.

Dep5t for all Works on Physiology, Phreno-
logy, Hydropathy, &c. Catalogues sent free on
application.

London : nORTELL fc SHIRRESS,
492. New Oxford Street.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geokoe Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid Saturday, March 18. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 230.]

Saturday, March 25. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

(_ Stamped Edition, 5^-

CONTENTS.

Notes : — Page

Original English Royal Letters to the
Grand Masters of Malta, by William
Winthrop- - - - - 263

Fata Morgana, by J. Macray - - 267

On the Destruction of Monumental

Brasses - - - - - 268

Original Letter of the Countess of
Blessington to Sir William Drum-
inoncl - - - - - 2«8

Minor Notes : —The late Judge Tal-
fourd — Authors' Trustee Society _
The Old Clock at Alderley — The
Olympic Plain, &c — Electric Tele-
graph—Irish Law in the Eighteenth
Century— Gravestone Inscriptions - 269

Queries: —

Minor Queries : — Paintings of Our
Saviour — Heraldic — Dedication of
Kemerton Church — Consolato del
Mare— Consonants in Welsh— Atone-
ment — Sir Stephen Fox — " Account
of an Expedition to the Interior of
New Holland "—Darwin on Steam —
Scottish Female Dress — " The Inno-
cents," a Drama — Waugh of Cum-
berland — Norton — De La Fond —
" Button Cap "—Cobb Family— Prince
Charles' Attendants in Spain — Sack 270

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Ralph Ashton the Commander —
Christopher Hervie — Dannocks —
Brass in All Saints, Newcastle-uoon-
Tyne — Imperfect Bible — The Poem
of " Helga " — " Merryweather's
Tempest Prognosticator " — Edward
Spencer's Marriage — Yew-tree at
Crowhurst - - - - 272

Replies : —

The Electric Telegraph in 1753 - - 27*

Factitious Pedigrees : Dixon of Beeston,
by Lord Monson, E. P. Shirley, &c. - 275

Licences to Crenellate, by the Rev. W.
Sparrow Simpson, &c. - - - 276

Newspaper Folk Lore, by C. Mansfield
Ingleby, &c. - - - - 276

French Season Rhymes and Weather
Rhymes, by Edgar MacCulloch - 277

"Vault Interments : Burial in an Erect
Posture : Interment of the Troglo-
ditaj 278

Do Conjunctions joinPropositions only ?
by H. L. Mansel, &c. - - - 279

Has Execution by Hanging been sur-
vived? - 280

Photographic Correspondence: A

Stereoscopic Note — Photographic
Query _ Deepening Collodion Nega-
tives — Caution to Photographers - 282

Replies to Minor Queries : Ar-
tesian Wells _ Prior's Epitaph on

Himself _ Handwriting " Beggin"

the Question" —When and where
does Sunday begin or end ? — Precious
Stones— Scotch Grievance— " Corpora-
tions have no Souls," &c Devereux

Bowly _ Reversible Names — Duval
Family, &c. - - - - 283

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. - 2F8

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - ?89

Notices to Correspondents - - 289

Vol. IX.— ]Sto. 230.

A New Edition, in fcap. 8vo., price 10*. cloth ;
12s. bound in embossed roan ; or 12s. 6d. calf
lettered.

MAUNDER'S HISTORICAL
TREASURY : Comprising a General
Introductory Outline of Universal History,
Ancient and Modern, and a Series of separate
Histories of every piincipal Nation. New
Edition, revised.

Also, all uniform in size and price,

MAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHI-
CAL TREASURY ;

MAUNDER'S TREASURY

OF KNOWLEDGE ;

TREASURY OF NATURAL

HISTORY ; and

SCIENTIFIC and LITERARY

TREASURY.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

Just published, in 12mo., price 9s. &d., cloth,

AN ACCOUNT OF THE
LIFE AND LETTERS OF CICERO,
translated from the German of ABEKEN.
Edited by the REV. C. MERIVALE, B.D.,
late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge j
Author of " History of the Romans under the
Empire," " The Fall of the Roman Repub-
lic," &c.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE
STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC
RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.

For the Series of Papers illustrating the
above, see Vols. I. II. and III. of the '• Irish
Quarterly Review." Price, bound, lis. each.

London: SIMPKIN & CO.
Dublin : W. B. KELLY.

This Day, price Is. 6d. sewed, or 2s. 6d. cloth.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES ; The
Moslem and his End, the Christian and
his Hope. By the REV. JOHN CUMMING,
D.D.

ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE, & CO.,
25. Paternoster Row.

In 12mo., price 4s. 6d.

THUCYDIDES, BOOK THE
SECOND; with ENGLISH NOTES,
and Grammatical References. Edited by the
REV. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A., Late Rector of
Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place s

Of whom may be had (uniformly printed and
edited),

THE FIRST BOOK
THUCYDIDES. Price 5s. 6d.

OF

THE LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.

Now ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 42s.

THE SPEECHES IN Par-
liament OF FIELD MARSHAL
HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLING-
TON. Collected and arranged.

Also, a New Edition, 8vo., I8s.

COL. GURWOOD'S SELEC-
TION from the WELLINGTON DE-
SPATCHES AND GENERAL ORDERS,
arranged as a convenient TRAVELLING
VOLUME for OFFICERS.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
No. CLXXXVIII. ADVERTISE-
MENTS for the forthcoming Number must
be forwarded to the Publisher by the 6th, and
BILLS tor Insertion by the 8th APRIL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curioust
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

On Friday, March 31st, 5s. (Post Free, 5s. 6rf.)

THE JOURNAL OF SACRED
LITERATURE. No. XL (APRIL)
commencing Vol. VI. New Series.

1. The Bible and the Common People.

2. On Miracles.

3. The Inspired Charncter of theFour Gospels.

4. Discrepancy and Inspiration not Incom-

patible.

5. Hebrew Tenses.

6. Popular Biblical Writers— Dr. Kitto.
J. The Burial of Moses.

8. St. Paul and Josephus.

Correspondence, Notices, Intelligence, &c.

BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.
In a few Days, price Id., stamped 3d., No. I. of

THE BIBLIOGRAPHER'S
MANUAL AND COLLECTOR'S AS-
SISTANT ; a Periodical Register of New
and Second-hand Books, MSS., Autographs,
Prints, and Literary Miscellanies, on Sale at
very exceeding low Prices by

JOHN GRAY BELL, 11. Oxford Street,

Manchester.
*** Specimen Number sent for 1 Postage
Stamp.

Now ready Gratis, and Post Free on the Re-
ceipt of One Postage Stamp, Part II. of a

CATALOGUE of ANCIENT
and MODERN BOOKS in all Classes of
Literature, offered at very low Prices.
NATTALI & BOND, 23. Bedford Street,
Covent Garden.

262

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

VALUABLE BOOKS,

FOR. SALE BY

THOMAS KERSLAKE,

BOOKSELLER, BRISTOL.
Biblia Polyglotta, "Walton, and

Castelli Lexicon. Folio, 8 vols., 20 guineas.

Heraldic Drawings : A Series

of nearly 3000 Coats of Arms to illustrate Col-
linson's " Somerset," beautifully executed in
tincture on drawing paper, royal 4to., 25
guineas.

Curtis's Flora Londinensis, by

Graves and Hooker, 647 coloured plates, folio,
5 vols., half morocco, uncut, 18 guineas (cojt
SOI.).

Dugdale's Warwickshire, by

Thomas, 1730, folio, 2 vols., large paper, very
rare, beautiful copy, russia, extra, gilt edges,
Sir M. Sykes's copy, 36 guineas.

Encyclopaedia Britannica, last

edition, by Napier, many hundred plates, 4to.,
21 vols., very handsomely bound, calf gilt, 2U.

Gough's Sepulchral Monuments,

1786-96, 5 vols., a fine set, 70 guineas.

Hesiod's Opera, Aldus, 1495,

folio, with numerous Ancient Greek Manu-
script Notes in the handwriting of Demetrius
Clialcondyles, Editor of the first edition of
Homer of 1488, 5(. 15s.

Ormerod's Cheshire, 1819, folio,

3 vols., half russia, gilt, uncut, 271.

Pennant's London, 1817, illus-
trated by a very extensive collection of many
hundred Portraits, Views, Mops, &c, all very
carefully mounted and inlaid on tinted paper,
atlas folio, 4 vols., russia, extra gilt, gilt edges,
formerly the property of King George IV.,
311. 10s.

Philo Judaeus, Mangey, 1742,
folio, 2 vols., very handsomely bound, russia,
Kilt, 10?. 10s.

Piranesi Opere, about 2000

Plates, atlas folio, a complete set, bound in 23
vols., half russia, gilt, 60 guineas. (About the
sum paid by Lord Lichfield for the binding
alone, besides 301. for some additions in order
to render it thoroughly complete.)

Purchas's Voyages and Travels,

1625-6. with the rare Frontispiece, folio, 5 vols.,
calf gilt, 30 guineas.

Rees's Cyclopaedia, 45 vols., in
very neat whole calf binding, 107. 10^. (half the
cost of the binding.)

Rosellini Monumenti dell' Egitto

c della Nuhia, 400 plates, atlas folio, and 8 vols.,
8vo., 212. (cost 44*. )

Swift's Works, by Scott, 1824,

19 vols., calf extra, gilt, a very beautiful set,
SI. 15s.

Turner's (J. M. W.) Picturesque

Views of the Southern Coast of Engl«nd, MM,
folio, large paper, most brilliant impressions,
half russia, gilt, \0l. 10s.

*** It will be necessary to order direct from
the Advertiser. I he NET CASH PRICES
being fixed, there can be no commission nor
discount to Booksellers or Agents.

Just ready, a Catalogue of Books,

including a portion of the Library of the
RT. HON. WARREN HASTINGS, will be
franked for one postage stamp.

Also, a Catalogue of Valuable

Books, including a portion of the Library of the
late KING LOUIS-PHILIPPE. Franked,
four stamps.

Also, Catalogues of several other
Collections of Books lately bought.

THOMAS KERSLAKE, BRISTOL.

PARLOUR LIBRARY APRIL.

BEAUCHAMP, OR THE ERROR:

A STORY OF ENGLISH LIFE, BY G. P. R. JAMES,

Boards, Is. Sd.
Lately published in this SERIES, viz. : _

TENANT OF WILDFELL HALL. By ACTON BELL, Is. Gd.
HENRY OF GUISE. By G. P. R. JAMES. 1*. Gd.
SCOTTISH HEIRESS. By R. M. DANIELS. Is.
MORDAUNT HALL. By Author of " Emelia Wyndham." Is. 6(/.
RIFLE RANGERS. By CAPTAIN MAYNE REID. Is. Gd.
LOVER UPON TRIAL. By LADY LYONS. Is.
MONTE CHRISTO. By ALEX. DUMAS. 3 vols. 3s.

London: THOMAS HODGSON, 13. Paternoster Row.

MURRAY'S

BRITISH CLASSICS.

Publishing Monthly, in Demy Octavo Volumes.

This Day, with Portrait and Maps, Vol. 1. 8vo.,
7s. 6d. (to be completed in 8 vols.).

GIBBON'S DECLINE AND

FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. With
Notes by Mil. MAN and GUIZOT. A New
Edition. Editorl. with additional Notes, by
WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Editor of the
"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiqui-
ties," &c.

This Edition includes the Autobiography of
Gibbon, and is distinguished by careful revi-
sion of the text, verification of all the refer-
ences to Ancient Writers, and Notes incor-
porating the researches of Modern Scholars
and Recent Travellers.

Vol. II. will appear on March 31st.

Examiner Mr. Murray's British Classics,

so edited and printed as to take the highest
place in any library.

Now ready, with Vignette Titles, Vols. I. and
II., 8vo., 7s. Od. each (to be completed in
4 vols.),

THE WORKS OF OLIVER

GOLDSMITH. A New Edition. Edited by
PETER CUNNINGHAM, F.S.A., Author of
the " Handbook of London."

This Edition is printed from the last revised
by the Author, and not only contains more
pieces than any other, but is also the first in
which the works appear together exactly as
their author left them.

Vol. III. will appear in April.

Guardian The best editions have been

consulted, and the present volume certainly
gives evidence of careful and conscientious
editing .

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Just published (Post, 2 Stamps).

WILLIAMS & NORGATES

TT THEOLOGICAL CATALOGUE.—
GHRMAN and FRENCH Publications at
very reduced Prices. (Post, 2 Stamps.)

SCIENTIFIC BOOK CIR-

CULAR New Books, and Books at reduced

Prices. (Post, 2 Stamps.)

WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Importers of
Foreign Books, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden, London.

8vo., 10s. ed.

ON THE INFLUENCE OF
AUTHORITY IN MATTERS OF
OPINION. By G. CORNEWALL LEWIS.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

8vo., 12s.

T7TEW OF THE ART OF

V COLONIZATION, with Present Re-
ference to the British Empire. By EDWARD
GIBBON WAKEFIELD.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Third Edition, 2 vols. 8vo., 30s.

PRINCIPLES of POLITICAL
ECONOMY. By JOHN STUART
MILL.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

2 vols. 8vo,, 28s.

ON THE METHODS OF
OBSERVATION AND REASONING
IN POLITICS. By G. CORNEWALL
LEWIS.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Third Edition, much enlarged, 8s.

THE CLOISTER LIFE OF
THE EMPEROR CHARLES THE
FIFTH. By WILLIAM STIRLING, M.P.
London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Fourth Edition, 12s.

A RUNDINES CAMI, she

Xi_ Musarum Cantabrigiensium Lusus Ca-
nori. Collegit atque edidit HENRICUS
DRURY, M.A.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON.
Cambridge : DEIGHTON.

This Day. 8vo., with Map, 4s.

pLAUDIUS PTOLEMY AND

^ THE NILE ; or, an Inquiry into that
Geographer's Real Merit and Speculative
Errors, his Knowledge of Eastern Africa, and
the Authenticity of the Mountains of the
Moon. By W. D. COOLEY.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

263

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 25, 1854.

ORIGINAL ENGLISH ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND
MASTERS OF MALTA.

{Continued from Vol. ix., p. 101.)

It will be remembered that the last English
royal letters which we sent were translations of
those from Henry VIII. to L'Isle Adam ; and
finding none recorded of Edward VI., Mary I.,
Elizabeth, James I., Charles I. (or from Crom-
well), we come to the reign of Charles II. We
have now before us ten letters bearing the auto-
graph of this monarch, all of which we hope to
forward in due course according to their dates.
The two of the earliest date are as follow. The
first was written to introduce the English Admiral,
Sir Thomas Allen, who had been sent with a
squadron into the Mediterranean to protect
English commerce ; and the second, to claim from
the Order a large amount of property which be-
longed to Roger Fowke, the English consul at
Cyprus, and had been seized by a Maltese com-
mander in one of his cruises against the Turks in
the neighbourhood of that island. Their perusal
will serve to show the deep interest taken by
Charles II. in all which related to the commercial
affairs or legal rights of his subjects.

William Winthrop.

Malta.

No. VII.
Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great

Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender

of the Faith, &c.

To the most illustrious and most high Prince,
the Lord Nicholas Cottoner, Grand Master of the
Order of Malta, our well-beloved cousin and
friend — Greeting :

Most illustrious and most high Prince, our
well-beloved cousin and friend.

Having deemed it fitting to despatch a squadron
of ships under the command of our well-beloved
and valiant Sir Thomas Allen, Knight, for the
protection of the freedom of navigation and com-
merce of our subjects in the Mediterranean Sea,
which is never too sure, and sometimes becomes
endangered, we have determined to request your
highness, by right of amity, to permit him and
our ships under his command, as friends, to touch,
in case of need, at any of the coasts of your
highness' dominions ; and also to allow our ships
to make use of your highness' harbours, whenever
it may become necessary to refit or re-victual
them; and that they may purchase at a proper
price those things which they may require, and
experience such other offices of friendship and
humanity as may be needful : and as we no way
doubt of your highness' amicable feelings towards

us and ours, we are desirous that your highness
should be assured that on any opportunity offer-
ing, we will reciprocate with equal readiness and
benevolence.

It only remains for us to express our wishes
for your highness' perfect health and prosperous
success everywhere.

Given in our Palace of Westminster, on the
17th day of the month of January, in the year of
our Lord 1667-68.

Your Highness' good Cousin and Friend,

Charles Rex.
No. VIII.

Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender
of the Faith, &c.

To the most illustrious and most high Prince,
the Lord Nicholas Cottoner, Grand Master of the
Order of Malta, our well-beloved cousin and
friend — Greeting :

Most illustrious and most high Prince, our
well-beloved cousin and friend.

Some years have elapsed since we first addressed
letters to your highness concerning certain goods
and merchandise, to the value of 4500 pieces of
eight, which had been unjustly seized by some
of the ships which it is customary to despatch
annually from your highness' island to cruise
against the Turks in the neighbourhood of Cy-
prus, from our subject Roger Fowke, a person for
many reasons by us well beloved, and our consul
in the island of Cyprus ; and also concerning the
sentence which, after many delays and much
trouble, had been at last unjustly given in favour
of your people.

Farther complaints have, however, been re-
ceived from our subject, stating that our letters
have had little effect with your highness, and that
he, already wearied with long expectation, has not
had anything restored, that his expenses are in-
creasing to a great amount, and that little or no
hope remains of reparation for his loss.

Painful, indeed, was it to us to hear our subject
relate such injustice on the part of the Knights of
Malta ; we, however, thought it right to make it
clearly appear that nothing has remained untried
to bring back to more sane counsels the generous
minds of the Maltese ; and therefore, under the
advice of our Privy Council, we deemed proper to
refer, without loss of time, the complaint of our
subject, together with the letters which we for-
merly addressed to your highness, and those
which your highness latterly Avrote to us, to our
advocate in our High Court of Admiralty, Sir
Robert Wyseman, Knight ; who, having well
considered the whole, has expressed his opinion in
the following terms :

" I have read and seriously pondered the pe-
tition of Roger Fowke, transmitted to me by your

264

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

Majesty's special mandate ; as also the letters
written by your Majesty to the Grand Master of
the Order of Malta in favour of the above-men-
tioned, and those from the said Grand Master in
reply ; and it is evident to me, after mature ex-
amination, that your Majesty has done so much,
and that it is proved that the sentence of the
Maltese Tribunal against the said Roger Fowke
was pronounced contrary to right and justice (as
is clearly shown in the letters written by your
Majesty to the Grand Master) ; that therefore it
appears to be incumbent on me only to set forth
to your Majesty, and to the Lords of the Privy
Council, whether it be my opinion that sufficient
satisfaction has been given by the Grand Master's
letters to your Majesty, who by the above-cited
letters demand restitution ; and if not, whether in
consequence it be lawful to your Majesty to grant
the so-called letters of reprisal, on which subject
I beg humbly to submit to your Majesty, and to
the singular prudence and judgment of the above-
mentioned Lords, this my opinion ; that is to say,
that the answers of the Grand Master are so far
from being in any way satisfactory, that from them
it may be easily perceived that the above-men-
tioned Grand Master, although he does not deny
in express terms reparation for his loss to the
above Roger, nevertheless does not decree any-
thing certain on this head ; from which your Ma-
jesty may reasonably conclude that the said re-
paration was refused. Nor does it tend to his
defence that he asserts that all that was done by
"his tribunal was done by solemn sentence, that
the judges were men of great reputation, and
that it is to be believed that the reasons pro-
duced by both sides were justly considered ; for
judicial authority is not of the same value as re-
gards foreigners and subjects. It is not lawful
for subjects to demand a re-examination of the
sentence pronounced by their superiors, although
to foreign princes it entirely appertains to make
such demand, in cases interesting themselves or
their subjects ; otherwise, if all given sentences
were considered as freeing nations from reprisals,
such decrees might perhaps be obtained in any
case, even though manifestly unjust ; and conse-
quently it is by all agreed to be a just cause for
reprisals, not only when justice is not rendered,
but also when in any case, not of a doubtful
nature, judgment may have been given against
right ; although certainly, in cases of a doubtful
nature, the presumption would be in favour of
those who may have been elected as public
judges. Had the Grand Master indicated to
your Majesty that the said Roger Fowke might
have preferred an appeal against the sentence
pronounced against him to a superior tribunal,
and that by the negligence of the said Roger the
first sentence had become affirmed, in that case
the remedy demanded by your Majesty would

have been untenable ; but the said Grand Master
makes no mention of such appeal : I am therefore
of opinion that nothing in the law of nations
could militate against the lawfulness of your Ma-
jesty's granting letters of reprisal in the manner
demanded.

(Signed) Robert Wyseman."

Without doubt the law of nations would war-
rant our extorting from the hands of your high-
ness' subjects, by issuing letters of reprisal, that
which we have not been able to obtain after so
many years by means of the letters written in
favour of our beloved subject and friend ; and the
deplorable state of the said Roger requires that we
should now exact by our own authority that which
we have in vain sought to obtain by means of
simple communications. But taking into serious
consideration the lamentable present state of
Christianity, and the daily augmentation of the
large empire of our common enemy, and how dis-
tinguished has been the valour of the Maltese
knights, always constantly exposing themselves as
a bulwark to so pertinacious an enemy, it would
be very painful to us to be compelled to have re-
course to reprisals, or to any such severe mode of
proceeding, for the reparation of the loss. The
glory also of the Christian name, so often valiantly
defended, has caused us willingly to believe that
we must not yet despair of obtaining from your
highness' authority that reparation for his loss
which our subject hopes to obtain by reprisal, and
therefore, putting aside the remedy of right, and
our Privy Council persuading us to milder mea-
sures, we have thought proper by this letter _ to
seriously request your highness, by that justice
which is the duty of princes, and of the defenders
of Christianity, to deign to procure without delay
to our trustworthy subject, who has suffered so
great an injustice from the Maltese Tribunal, and
who is exhausted by the delays of so many years,
full compensation for all his losses, including also
the amount of his expenses ; so that we may never
have cause to regret that we, putting aside the
law of nations, have till now abstained from re-
prisal, and so that henceforth the world may eu-
logise the Maltese as not being less just than
valiant.

We have only now to recommend your high-
ness and all your Knights to the most good and
most great God.

Given in our Palace of Whitehall on the 29th
day of April, of the year of Human Redemption
1668, and of our reign the twentieth.
Your Highness'

Good Cousin and Friend,

Charles Rex.

Raphael Cottoner, to whom the last letter was
addressed, ascended the Maltese throne in Octo-
ber, 1663, on the decease of his brother Raphael.

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

265

All historians agree in stating that he was a man
of a noble carriage, high and honourable charac-
ter, and withal a clever diplomatist. He died in
March, 1680, after a happy and glorious rule, in
the seventy-third year of his age, and seventeenth
of his reign. The following letter written by him
may be of sufficient interest to excuse its length.
Its perusal will show the great respect which was
paid by the Order of St. John to an English mon-
arch, and the "incorruptible" manner in which
justice was administered at this island nearly two
centuries ago.

To the King of Great Britain.

Most serene and invincible King :
A short time since John Ansely, the attorney
of Roger Fowke, delivered to us your most serene
Majesty's gracious letters, in reply to mine regard-
ing the affair of the said Roger ; from which, not
without great disturbance of mind, I perceived
how incorrectly what had taken place had been
reported to your Majesty. But my grief was in
some measure assuaged by your Majesty's continued
benignant protection of this my Order ; through
which it came to pass that it was determined to
abstain from granting the letters of reprisal which
it was the opinion of your Majesty's advocate in
the High Court of Admiralty, inserted in the
above-mentioned Royal Letters, might have been
granted to the aforenamed Roger, for which I
truly return your Majesty my most sincere and
humble thanks. The above Roger still claims of
right the sum of 4,500 pieces of eight, which he
asserts had been formerly seized by some armed
ships of this island; from which sum, together
with the expenses incurred, or to be incurred, he
forms another greater sum of about 24,500, which
he also claims.

But as it would sufficiently appear from your
Majesty's letter, which contains the above-men-
tioned opinion of the said advocate, and also from
the verbal report made to me by the said John
Ansely, that your Majesty felt persuaded that the
said Roger had both lost his cause before the
Judge of the Prize Court, and subsequently been
denied an appeal to the Supreme Court, and,
lastly, that his attorney had been treated with
violence, rather than under any order of right, I,
to confess the truth, being much mortified, cannot
but endeavour, with all due respect in my power,
to demonstrate the real state of the case to your
Majesty ; and hope, by a more faithful narrative
of all that occurred, to convince your Majesty of
that equal distribution of justice which in this
place is constantly observed, both to the inhabit-
ants and foreigners, with incorruptible honesty.

Before, however, beginning to explain the affair
from its commencement, it behoves me to inform
your Majesty, that not only subjects of Christian
Princes, but Greeks and Armenians, and other

persons subject to the rule of the Turks, the bit-
terest enemies of this Order, are continually
coming to these islands for the purpose of insti-
tuting or continuing suits at law against the cap-
tains of our ships and other inhabitants, yet we
have never heard from them that justice is either
denied or refused. I therefore humbly beseech
your Majesty to consider, and with benignant
mind to reflect, what faith ought to be given to
those who have dared to affirm that any contrary
course had been pursued or tolerated by me
against the said Roger ; and the more so, as it has
been the constant wish of my Order to deserve
well of your Majesty's subjects, and to take par-
ticular care of all foreigners. This we trust will
be sufficiently shown from the fact of our always
having employed one of the principal lawyers to
undertake the defence of foreigners ; not indeed
altogether gratuitously, but under such laws and
restrictions that he must remit to them the third
part of the usual stipend which it is customary to
receive from the inhabitants, and even my knights.
From which it may be concluded how well and
how honourably foreigners are treated here, and
how unlikely it is that justice should be denied to
any of those who it is proved are favoured with
such grace and love.

But to return to the affair in question, I hum-
bly submit to your Majesty, that in the year of
our salvation 1661, John, called De St. Amand,
acting as attorney in the name of the above-men-
tioned Roger, appeared before the aforesaid judge
of the Prize Court, demanding the restitution of
different kinds of merchandise, which he asserted
had been seized by certain captains of ships ; but
it not appearing to the said judge that he had
produced convincing proofs of the fact, they were
declared inadequate, and not sufficiently legal.
From this decision the said attorney, as is usual
in such controversies, appealed, on the 10th. of
July, 1662, to the Supreme Court of Audience in
council, at which I, together with the Chief Grand
Crosses of my Order, assist ; but he afterwards of
his own accord neglected to follow up said appeal.

Subsequently, in the year 1665, there appeared
another attorney of the said Roger furnished with
letters from your most serene Majesty, to whom I
immediately explained that I had no right to
order the actual restitution of the money de-
manded ; but that if he would act according to
law, and seek it by a judgment, I promised to give
my co-operation, which I undoubtedly would
have done ; so that he might have been permitted
by the said Court of Audience to recommence the
suit, although it had been in a former instance
deserted. But the attorney having replied that
he was not furnished with this authority, left the
island of his own free will and accord.

From that time no other person has appeared,
except the above-mentioned John Ansely, who

266

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

recently delivered to me your Majesty's above-
mentioned letter ; which I having thought proper
to communicate to my Council, I procured that
the venerable brethren Henry de Estampes Va-
lancay, the Grand Prior of Campania, and Don
Gregory Caraffa, Prior of Rocella, should be de-
puted commissioners to examine this case. And
they having heard what the said Ansely had to
say, offered to him in my name, and in that of all
my Order, an opportunity to make an appeal
which had been deserted ; but the said Ansely,
for want of proper authority as he stated, did not
accept the proposition.

Such being the case, I reverently submit to
your most serene Majesty the following argu-
ments, to which I earnestly entreat your Majesty
to apply your Royal attention, and your Majesty's
accustomed serenity and clemency.

In the first place, it is possible that the said
Roger may have been really deprived of his
property ; but it does not follow that the proofs
adduced by him of that fact were perfectly con-
vincing, or entirely in accordance with the law.
And even if they had been such, they might have
appeared otherwise to the said judge of the Prize
Court ; and it is on this account that the Supe-
rior of Ten rescind the decrees of the Inferior
Tribunals.

Secondly, the omission to continue the above-
cited appeal, can in no way be attributed to the
judges of this island; neither is it true that any
threats were made use of towards the above-
mentioned attorney. Such a course would have
been diametrically opposed to the statutes of my
Order ; neither would its members have dared to
act in such a manner, either against foreigners or
the inhabitants my subjects, without incurring a
heavy responsibility.

Finally, as it is impossible for my knights,
putting aside the order of right, and neglecting
the rule of our statutes, to restore to the above-
mentioned Roger that which he claims, nothing
remains in our power but to grant him the faculty
of again prosecuting his right before the above-
mentioned Court of Audience as in law so often
and earnestly offered to the aforenamed attorney.
Nor certainly can it be presumed, that your Ma-
jesty in your clemency and justice can desire any-
thing farther. To this conclusion I am the more
drawn from the decision of the advocate of the
Admiralty himself, for he proposes the granting
of letters of reprisal not for any other reason than
that he supposed justice had been denied to the
said Roger, and that he had been precluded from
the remedy of a Court of Appeal. This having
been an erroneous conclusion, the entire found-
ation of the above-mentioned opinion is wholly
removed. And it is the more to be hoped that
this decision will be approved of by your most
serene Majesty, as my necessary subjection to the

Apostolic See and to the Roman Pontiff cannot
be unknown to your Majesty. From which it
necessarily results that so large a sum could not
be taken arbitrarily or by force from the parties
concerned, without grave reprehension and pre-
judice, and also without infringing the forms of
right as prescribed in the statutes above alluded to.

Confiding therefore in the singular clemency of
your Majesty, I entertain a hope that your Ma-
jesty, moved by so many and such valid reasons,
and considering also the high respect of this my
Order towards your Majesty, will be pleased to
direct the said Roger not to prosecute his right
by other means than by action at law before the
said Court of Audience. And that he at length
will cease to excite the mind of your Majesty
against the innocent by any such vain and unjust
complaints ; and that he refrain from any more
seeking so inopportune and final a remedy of
right, as the concession of letters of reprisal against
an Order obediently subject to the wishes of your
Majesty, and most ready to do anything for the
advantage and utility of your Majesty's subjects,
as those who daily touch at these islands to re-
victual or refit their ships can testify. And now,
in my own name, and in that of my Order, I
humbly submit all this to your Majesty by these
letters, as I shall also do shortly by a Nuncio,
whom I shall send to your Majesty with the
necessary documents, in order more clearly to prove
the truth of my statements.

In the mean time, most submissively kissing
your Majesty's most serene hands, I devotedly
implore the benignity of the Most High and the
Most Great God to grant to your Majesty pros-
perity in all things.

Given at Malta, on the eighteenth day of Feb-
ruary, in the year 1669.

Your Serene Majesty's

Most obedient Servant,

Cotton er.

To the above submissive letter the following
reply was sent :

No. IX.

Charles the Second by the Grace of God, of Great

Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender

of the Faith, &c. &c. &c.

To the most illustrious and most high Prince,
the Lord Nicholas Cottoner, Grand Master of the
Order of Malta. Our well-beloved cousin and
friend, Greeting :

Most illustrious and most high Prince, our
well-beloved cousin and friend.

Your highnesses letters of February,

having been delivered to us by the Nuncio selected
by your highness for that purpose, we caused
Roger Fowke, our subject and Consul in the island
of Cyprus, in whose favour we sometime since
addressed your highness, to be summoned before

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

267

Us, and having well pondered the grounds and
reasons in which your highness1 replies are based,
we judged it right to announce farther to our
said subject, that in our opinion the power of
appeal to the Supreme Court of Audience offered
to him by your highness, after his attorney's pre-
vious neglect in the first instance, ought not by
any means to be slighted ; and that it did not seem
to Us there remained, all things considered, any
other hope of future remedy. This we did the
more willingly, in order to prove to your highness
more clearly, that being so dear, and so highly
esteemed by Us, as is your highness personally,
and all your knights, that we have preferred ac-
cepting any mode of properly settling this affair,
rather than, by recurring to any harsher measures,
diminish our friendship and affection towards so
celebrated an Order. This, our determination,
We have also made known by our letters to the
Grand Prior of France ; and of which testimony
may be borne by the bearer of the present, to
whom we have thought proper particularly to re-
commend the urging of your highness, in Our
name, to see that such certain and speedy method
of justice be established in the affair of our sub-
ject as may be lawful, and as was offered ; and
such as may afford new and sound proof of our
ancient amity, and establish and affirm a mutual
faith worthy of the Christian name.

In the mean time, We, from our heart, recom-
mend your highness, and all your knights, to the
safeguard of the Most Good and Most Great God.

Given from our Palace of Westminster on the
7th day of June, in the year of our Lord 1669,
and of our reign the twenty-first.

Your Highness' good Cousin and Friend,

Charles Rex.
No. X.

Charles by the Grace of God, of Great Britain,
. France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the
Faith, &c. &c. &c.

To the most eminent Prince, the Lord Nicholas
Cottoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our very dear cousin and friend, Greeting :

We apprehend that long since it must have
come to the knowledge of your eminence, that a
vessel of war of our Royal fleet, named the " Sap-
phire," went ashore some months ago on the coasts
of Sicily; and was so much damaged, that she
became entirely unseaworthy. We have however
heard, that some guns which belonged to the said
ship have been taken to the island'of Malta, and
there preserved. Having, in consequence, ordered
our well-beloved and faithful subject Rudolf
Montague, the Master of the Horse of our most
serene Consort, and our Minister near his most
Christian Majesty, to send there some fitting per-
son to inquire after any remains of the said wreck,
and to dispose of them in a manner most advan-

tageous to Us, we, as friends, beg your eminence
to be pleased to interpose your authority ; so that
the persons already sent, or hereafter to be sent
by our said Minister, may experience no delays
nor impediments, but rather find all favour and
due aid from each and every chief of the arsenal,
ports and customs, and other officers to whom it
may appertain ; which we, in a similar case, will
endeavour fully to reciprocate to your eminence.

In the mean time we recommend, with all our
heart, your eminence to the protection of the
Most Good and Most Great God.

Given from our Palace of Whitehall, on the
28th day of November, 1670.

Your Eminence's good Cousin and Friend,
Charles Rex.

FATA MORGANA.

Not having met with the following account in
any English newspaper, of a phenomenon said to
have been witnessed quite recently in Germany, I
beg to send you a translation from the Allgemeine
Zeitung (generally quoted in England by the name
of the Augsburgh Gazette) of February 13, de-
tailing, in a communication from Westphalia, the
particulars of a phenomenon, new, perhaps, to
your pages, but by no means new to the world.

" Westphalia. — If the east has its Fata Morgana,
we, in Westphalia, have also quite peculiar natural
phenomena, which, hitherto, it has been as impossible
to explain satisfactorily, as to deny. A rare and
striking appearance of this description forms now the
subject of universal talk and comment in our province.
On the 22nd of last month a surprising prodigy of
nature was seen by many persons at Biiderich, a village
between Unna and Werl. Shortly before sunset, an
army, of boundless extent, and consisting of infantry,
cavalry, and an enormous number of waggons, was ob-
served to proceed across the country in marching order.
So distinctly seen were all these appearances, that even
the flashing of the firelocks, and the colour of the ca-
valry uniform, which was white, could be distinguished.
This whole array advanced in the direction of the
wood of Schafhauser, and as the infantry entered the
thicket, arjd the cavalry drew near, they were hid all
at once, with the trees, in a thick smoke. Two houses,
also, in flames, were seen with the same distinctness^
At sunset the whole phenomenon vanished. As
respects the fact, government has taken the evidence of
fifty eye witnesses, who have deposed to a universal
agreement respecting this most remarkable appearance.
Individuals are not wanting who affirm that similar
phenomena were observed in former times in this
region. As the fact is so well attested as to place the
phenomenon beyond the possibility of successful dis-
proof, people have not been slow in giving a meaning
to it, and in referring it to the great battle of the
nations at Birkenbaum, to which the old legend, par-
ticularly since 1848, again points."

J. Macray.

268

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

ON THE DESTRUCTION OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES.

Any person might naturally be led to suppose,
on seeing the many costly and learned works
which, within the last few years, have appeared
on the subject of monumental brasses, that their
value was now fully appreciated, and that all due
care was taken to ensure their preservation, or at
least prevent their wanton destruction. But, un-
happily, such is far from being the case; and
though rubbings of brasses are to be found in
every antiquarian society, and in the possession
of very many private individuals, the church-
wardens and other parties on whom their pre-
servation principally depends, are for the most
part wilfully blind to their importance as histo-
rical memorials, and with impunity allow them to
be mutilated or stolen. In many of our country,
and I may also add town churches, are these in-
teresting records of the dead stowed away as use-
less lumber in the vestry, or hidden by some ugly
modern pew. The writer wishes to make known,
through the medium of your valuable journal,
some instances which have fallen under his own
observation, in the hope that those who read may
make some exertions to rectify such acts of dese-
cration where they have already occurred, and to
prevent their future recurrence.

To begin, then, with the most important as re-
gards the loss incurred by the antiquary, though
all show an equal want of good feeling and neg-
lect of things sacred, I will first offer the substance
of a few notes taken during a recent excursion to
Cobham, Kent. The brasses in this church have
long been noted as presenting some of the most
interesting early examples of this species of mo-
nument, extending from the year 1320 to 1529.
They exemplify almost every variety of costume
that prevailed during that period, executed with
the most artistic skill, and accompanied with the
most elegant accessories in the shape of canopies,
brackets, and allegorical designs. Imagine, then,
the feelings of the antiquary, who, upon approach-
ing the chancel where most of these brasses lie,
finds that it is flooded with water ! The roof has
gradually fallen to decay, and the Earl of Darn-
ley, whose property the chancel is, has refused to
repair it. And yet this same nobleman can spend
thousands of pounds in adorning his seat, Cobham
Hall, the ancient domain of the family, in whose
commemoration most of these brasses are laid
down. I may also here mention that part of the
rood-screen which forms the back of the earl's
pew has been glazed, in order, I suppose, to keep
out the damp of the chancel, while a portion on
the other side has been entirely cut away. This
is by far the most flagrant case of neglect which I
have ever witnessed ; but there are several minor
instances which well demand exposure. At Men-
dlesham, Suffolk, is a fine large figure of John

Knyvet, Esq., in armour, almost entirely con-
cealed by a pew passing up the whole length of
the brass. Now, for a very little expense, the
slab might be removed and laid down again in
the chancel. At Polstead, in the same county, is.
a small brass of a civilian and family, date about
1490, hidden in the same manner ; and a figure of
a priest in the chasuble, lying loose in the vestry.
Also at Little Waldingfield is a brass in memory
of Robert Appleton and wife, 1526, of which the
male figure is covered by a pew. In Upminster
Church, Essex, were found, not very long since,
during the progress of some alterations, two loose
female figures under the flooring of a pew, which
are still left to be tossed about in the vestry. One
is an elegant figure of a lady in heraldic mantle
and horned head-dress, with a dog at her feet,,
date about 1450, the other about 1630. At St.
James's, Colchester, the head of a figure was long
left loose, till at last it has been stolen. And, to-
conclude, pews have lately been built over two
brasses at Margate, one of which is an early ex-
ample of a skeleton. To these instances, which
have fallen under my own observation, I doubt
not that every collector can add several others of
the same description ; but these are sufficient to-
show the wide extent of the evil, and the neces-
sity of correction. F. G.

ORIGINAL LETTER OF THE COUNTESS OF BLES-
SINGTON TO SIR WILLIAM BRUMMONB.

Mr bear Sir William Drummonb. — The
perusal of your beautiful poem Odin has delighted
me so much, that I cannot deny myself the grati-
fication of expressing my thanks to its author ;
and at the same time demanding, why so exquisite
a poem remains unfinished ?

It is cruel to your readers, and unjust to Eng-
land, to leave such a work incomplete ; it is like
the unfinished statues of Michael Angelo, which
no hand has ever been found hardy enough to
touch, for I am persuaded that we have no living;
peet who could write a sequel to Odin.

Do not think me presumptuous for venturing
to give my opinion on poetry ; I have studied it
from my infancy, and my admiration for it is so
enthusiastic, that I feel more strongly than I can
reason on the subject. With this passion for
poetry, you can more easily imagine than I can
describe, the delight that Odin gave me. I have
copied many passages from it in my Album under
different heads : such as Contemplation ; Love of
Country; Liberty; Winter; Morning; Medi-
tation on a Future State; Immortality of the
Soul ; Superstition ; Vanity of Life ; Jealousy ;
and many others too numerous to mention. And
they are of such transcendent merit, as to be
above all comparison, except with Shakspeare or

Mae. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

269

Milton. In the sublimity and harmony of your
verses, you have equalled, if not surpassed, the
latter; and in originality of ideas and variety,
you strikingly resemble the former ; but neither
can boast of anything superior to your beautiful
•episode of " Skiold and Nora."

Hitherto, my dear Sir William Drummond, I
have looked on you as one of the first scholars and
most elegant prose writers of the age ; but, at pre-
sent, permit me to say that I regard you as the
jfirst poet.

When I have been charmed with the produc-
tions of writers, who were either personally un-
known to me, or unhappily dead, how have I
regretted not being able to pour out my thanks
for the pleasure they had afforded me : in this
instance I rejoice that I have the happiness of
knowing you, and of being able to express, though
feebly, the admiration with which your genius
inspires me ; and of offering up my fervent prayers
that you may be long spared to adorn and do
honour to the age which is, and ought to be,
proud to claim you. In writing to you I abandon
my pen to the guidance of my heart, which feels
with all the warmth for which Irish hearts are so
remarkable. A poet can understand and pardon
•this Irish warmth, though a philosopher might
condemn it ; but in addressing you, I forget that
I am writing to one of the most eminent of the
last class, and only remember that I am talking of
Odin to the most admirable of the first.

I am at present reading Academical Questions,
which, if I dare take possession of, should not
again find their way to Chiaja; Odin I shall most
unwillingly resign, as I find it belongs to Lady
Drummond ; but if you have any other of your
works by you, will you have the goodness to lend
them to me ? Pray name what day you will dine
with us, accompanied by Mr. Stewart^ to whom I
owe my best acknowledgments for having lent me
Odin.

Believe me,

My dear Sir William Drummond, to be
With unfeigned esteem,
Sincerely yours,
Marguerite Blessingtox.

Villa Gallo, April 24th, 1825.

The above Letter is copied from the original in
my possession. A. G.

Edinburgh.

dJftt'unr $attg.

The late Judge Talfourd. — Some years since I
ventured to request information as to the proper
way of pronouncing the word Elia, from the ta-
lented and kind-hearted Judge Talfourd, whose
days have just been brought to a close under such
truly awful circumstances. The ready reply which

he gave to an unknown inquirer, whilst it illus-
trates the courtesy and cordiality of his character,
may prove interesting to your readers.

Sir,

Temple, June 15, 1838.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter of the 11th, and to express my plea-
sure at finding that you sympathise with me in
genial admiration of the delightful person to
whom it refers. All I know respecting the sig-
nature of Elia will be found at p. 65 of the second
volume of Lamb's Letters. It was the real name
of a coxcombical clerk thirty years dead, whom
Lamb remembered at the South Sea House, and
prefixed to his first essay (which was on the " Old
South Sea House") in the London Magazine. The
editor afterwards used it to distinguish Lamb's
articles, and he finally adopted it. The i is short
(Elia). It is an Italian name.

I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient and faithful servant,

T. N. Talfourd.

C. W. B.

Authors' Trustee Society. — Authors, as a class,
are perhaps the most unfit men in the world to
make the most of their own property ; and were
they ever so competent, it will often happen that
their works do not attain to any great value as
copyrights till after the poor author is laid in his
grave. It is then, when his family are sometimes
exposed to severe distress, that more favourable
terms might be obtained from publishers ; but
there is no one left who is capable of acting for
the benefit of the widow or children.

A Society might be formed to take charge as
trustees of the property of an author in his works,
to make engagements with booksellers for the
privilege of publishing future editions as they may
be required, and to take care that the honorarium
for each edition be duly paid into the hands of
the person who is entitled to receive it.

No expense would attend the formation of such
a Society. Its meetings could be held at scarcely
any cost. The advertisements, to announce from
time to time what works are open for offers from
printers, booksellers, and publishers, would amount
to a very small sum in the course of the year —
I dare say the Editor of " N. & Q." would insert
them gratuitously. But, if necessary, a small per-
centage on the fees paid would cover all the dis-
bursements of the Society. L. P. K.

The Old Clock at Alderley. — In the investiga-
tion of this very old and curious piece of mecha-
nism by the Bev. Joseph Bockett, in the year
1833, an inscription was found signifying that it
was presented to the church of Alderley by the
great Sir Matthew Hale. It was copied, verbatim

270

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

et literatim, by the said reverend gentleman, and
is as follows :

" This is the Guift of the Right Honourable the
Lord Cheif Justice Heale to the Parish Church of
Alderly. John Mason, Bristol, Fecit, Novem. 1"
1673."

It appears, by this inscription, to have been
presented on his birth- day ; which, from his tomb,
was found to be November 1. Alderley is the
family place of the Hale family to this day.

Julia R. Bockett.
Southcote Lodge.

The Olympic Plain, Src. — The success which
has attended the excavations of Dr. Layard at
Nineveh, has rekindled the curiosity of the anti-
quary and the classical scholar with regard to the
buried remains of ancient Greece and Rome :

" The Tiber at Rome," Dodwell says, " is supposed
to contain a vast assemblage of ancient sculpture ; and
thoughts are entertained of turning its course, in order
to explore its hidden treasures."

The same distinguished traveller remarks (Clas-
sical and Topog. Tour through Greece") that —

u It was a favourite plan of the learned Winkelmann to
raise a subscription for the excavation of the Olympic
plain. If such a project should ever be consummated,
we may confidently hope that the finest specimens of
sculpture, as well as the most curious and valuable
remains, will be brought to light. No place abounded
with such numerous offerings to the gods, and with
such splendid and beautiful representations in marble
and in bronze."

Alpha.
Oxford.

Electric Telegraph. — Might not the telegraph
be made serviceable in remote country districts,
by connecting detached residences with the near-
est police station ; to which an alarm might be
conveyed in cases of danger from thieves or fire ?
There are many who would willingly incur the
expense for the sake of the security, and no doubt
all details could be easily arranged.

Thinks I to Myself.

Irish Law in the Eighteenth Century . — I send,
for the information of the readers of " N". & Q.,"
the following extract from Reilly's Dublin News
Letter, Aug. 9, 1740 :

" Last week, at the assizes of Kilkenny, a fellow who
was to be tried for robbery not pleading, a jury was
appointed to try whether he was wilfully mute, or by
the hands of God ; and they giving a verdict that he
was wilfully mute, he was condemned to be pressed to
death. He accordingly suffered on Wednesday, pur-
suant to his sentence, which was as follows : that the
criminal shall be confined in some low dark room,
where he shall be laid on his back, with no covering
except round his loins, and shall have as much weight

laid upon him as he can bear, and more ; that he shall
have nothing to live upon but the worst bread and
water; and the day that he eats, he shall not drink;
and the day that he drinks, he shall not eat ; and so-
shall continue till he dies."

Is it to be believed that, so late as the year
1740, such barbarity (to call it nothing worse)
was practised according to law within the limits
of Great Britain and Ireland ? I would be glad
to hear from some correspondent upon the subject.

Abhba.

Gravestone Inscriptions. — In the churchyard of
Homersfield (St. Mary, Southelmham), Suffolk,
was the gravestone of Robert Crytoft, who died
Nov. 17, 1810, aged ninety, bearing the following
epitaph :

" Myself.

As I walk'd by myself I talk'd to myself,

And thus myself said to me,
Look to thyself and take care of thyself,

For nobody cares for thee.
So I turn'd to myself, and I answer'd myself

In the self-same reverie,
Look to myself or look not to myself,

The self-same thing will it be."

This stone was some years since taken up, and
has remained standing in the church tower. I
know not whether the lines be original, but I have
never seen them elsewhere.

The following were and may be now in St.
Stephen's churchyard, Ipswich, on the stone of
one Stephen Manister, clerk to Mr. Baron Thomp-
son, who died in 1731, and by his will desired the
following words to be there inscribed :

■ What I gave I have, w' I spent I had,
What I left I lost for want of giving it."

g. a. a

jIHmar titatrfaf.

Paintings of Our Saviour. — In Mrs. Jameson's-
Legends of the Monastic Orders, it is stated that
" The painter, Andrea Vanni, was among the
devout admirers of St. Catherine;" and that
" among his works was a head of Christ, said to
have been painted under the immediate instruc-
tion of St. Catherine ; representing the Saviour as
she had, in her visions, beheld him. Unhappily
this has perished." Also, on the authority of Mr.
Sterling, that St. Juan de la Cruz, the friend of
St. Theresa, " on one occasion when the Saviour
appeared to him, made an uncouth sketch of the
divine apparition ; which was long preserved as
a relique in the Convent of the Incarnation at
Avila."

Can any of your readers supply particulars of,
or references to, other similar portraitures, espe-
cially of any still in existence ? J. B.

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

271

Heraldic. — Can any of your heraldic corre-
spondents inform me to what families the follow-
ing coat of arms belongs : — Gules, a fess sanguine
between three trefoils slipped proper ? There is
in this the not very frequent occurrence of a
coloured charge upon a coloured field. The only
similar instance I now remember is Denham,
Suffolk : Gules, a cross vert. Loccan.

Dedication of Kemerton Church. — The church
at Kemerton, Gloucestershire, was, until a few
years ago, marked by the authorities with a blank,
just as the church of Middleton (" N. & Q.,"
Vol. v., p. 372.) ; but it has now been discovered,
it would appear, to have been dedicated to St.
Nicholas. How, or where ? I. R. R

Consolato del Mare. — The maritime code of
the Venetians derived from Barcelona, observed
also by the Genoese und Pisans, was called " Con-
solato del Mare," a.d. 1200. Why was it so
called ? R. H. G.

Consonants in Welsh. — It has often been as-
serted that the Welsh language is remarkable for
the number of its consonants. Can any of your
readers acquainted with that language inform me
whether there is a larger proportion of consonants
in Welsh than in English ? Messrs. Chambers,
in a recent number of their Repository, say :

" On the road to Merthyr, we heard a drunken
Welshman swear; oh for words to describe the effect !
His mouth seemed full of consonants, which cracked
and cracked, and ground and exploded, in an extraor-
dinary way," &c.

Is this a true representation of the case ? J. M.

" Initiative " and " Psychology." —

"... a previous act and conception of the
mind, or what we have called an initiative, is indis-
pensably necessary, even to the mere semblance of
method." — Coleridge's Treatise on Method.

Am I to understand from this sentence that this
word was an original adaptation of Coleridge's ?
If not, when was it first introduced, and by whom ?

In the same treatise, Coleridge employs the
word psychological, and apologises for using an
insolens verbum. Was this the first occasion of
the familiar use of this word ? I find psychology
in Bailey. C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

Atonement. — Can you or any of your readers
inform me when the word " atonement " first came
into use, and when it was first applied to the work
of reconciliation wrought by our Lord Jesus
Christ ? It is used once only in the New Testa-
ment (Romans v. 11.), and there the word does
not quite convey the meaning of the original
.KaraWayt]. The etymology of it seems so purely

English, that one would hardly expect to find the
present use, or rather adaptation, of the word, so
very modern as it appears to be. J. H. B.

Sir Stephen Fox. — Chambers' Journal, No. 515.,
Nov. 12, 1853, p. 320., says :

" Charles James Fox, who died in 1806, at the age
of fifty-seven, had an uncle who was paymaster of the
forces in 1679, the year of the battle of Bothwell
Bridge, and his grandfather was on the scaffold with
Charles I."

After consulting several books on the subject, I
find that this latter statement is just possible ; but
I cannot, learn under what circumstances Sir
Stephen Fox accompanied Charles I. to the scaf-
fold. Can any of your readers give me the
desired information ? N. J. A.

" Account of an Expedition to the Interior of New
Holland." — Can any one tell me the name of the
writer of a book with the title I have here given ?
It was edited by Lady Mary Fox, and published,
in one vol. 8vo., by Bentley, in the year 1837. I
may be mistaken, but I think I can recognise the
style of a well-known writer. Abhba.

Darwin on Steam. — Where are the prophetic
lines by Dr. Darwin to be found, commencing :

" Soon shall thy power, unrivalled steam, from far
Drag the slow barge, and urge the rapid car."

Unbda.

Philadelphia.

Scottish Female Dress. — When did ladies cease
to use hair-powder, face-patches, hoops, and high-
heeled shoes ? An old lady of about seventy re-
collects perfectly that her mother wore them all
(so, she thinks, did her visitors, who came to a
dish of tea) except the hoop, which was reserved
for grand occasions. On the introduction of the
new-fangled low-heeled shoes, she recollects her
mother tottering about on them like a novice on
skates, and groaning with pains in her legs, a
victim to a change of fashion ! At this time, she
adds, was in every- day use the milk tally and
bread-nick-stick. The first, that represented in
Hogarth's picture ; the second, a stick about a
foot long, four-sided, on which each loaf was re-
gistered by a notch or nick in the stick ; the ser-
vant kept a similar nick-stick as a check on the
baker ; but during the flirtation, common then as
now on such occasions, the old lady slyly remarks,
the baker often gallantly nicked the check-stick,
as well as his own, with a couple of notches for
one. Hence, possibly, the decline and fall of the
use of this wooden system of book-keeping by
double notch. Is any date assigned to the ceasing
of the practice of using the wooden tally and nick-
stick ? C. D. Lamont.

Greenock.

272

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

" The Innocents" a Drama. — Who is the au-
thor of a small volume of poetry, published anony-
mously about the year 1825, and which is very
favourably noticed in the New Monthly Magazine
for January, 1826, vol. xviii. The title of the
volume is, The Innocents, a Sacred Drama ; Ocean
and the Earthquake at Aleppo, Poems. S. N.

Waugh of Cumberland. — Can you inform a
Waugh, the family arms of Waugh of Cumber-
land ; to whom they were first granted, and why ?

A Subscriber.

Norton. — Wanted, the origin of, or the sources
of information respecting, this name, the appella-
tion of so many villages, &c. in Oxfordshire. A
family of the name of Norton, after residing in
those districts for many generations, have long
moved to London, and are not possessed of the
information sought by the inquirer. N.

De La Fond. — Can any of your readers ex-
plain the following inscription on an engraving by
P. Lombart of De La Fond, and its application ?

" In effigiem De La Fond, Galli

Festivissimi, apud Batavos, Ephemeridum Histori-

carum Scriptoris,

Distichon.

Mille oeulis videt hie Fondus mille auribus audit ;
Plus audit naso, plus videt ille, suo."

A.F.B.
Diss.

" Button Cap." — In the north of Ireland there
is a belief that just before a war breaks out, the
spirit of an ancient warder of Carrickfergus
Castle is heard examining the arms stored^ there,
and, if they are not entirely to his satisfaction, he
shows his displeasure by making an awful clatter
among them. Has old " Button Cap " (for that
is his name) been inspecting the arms lately ?
What is the legend connected with him ? If I
mistake not, he is said to be the spirit of a warder
•who was drowned in the castle well in the reign
of Elizabeth. Fras. Crosslbt.

Cobb Family. — Richard Cobb, Esq., and his
wife Joan, were painted by Sir Peter Lely be-
tween 1641 and 1680. These portraits are now
in my possession. Elizabeth Cobb, granddaughter
of the above, married, circa 1725, the Rev.Thos.
Paget, at that time Fellow of Corpus Christi, Ox-
ford. Thus, Richard Cobb would be born circa
1634, his son circa 1667, and his granddaughter
circa 1700. I shall be obliged for any clue to the
arms, residence, &c. of this Mr. Cobb.

Arthur Paget.

Prince Charles' Attendants in Spain. — The
assistance of your antiquarian correspondents is
particularly requested towards the making out of
a complete list of all the persons who were in

attendance on Prince Charles on his romantic
visit to Spain. Of course it is well known that
the Prince and Buckingham started accompanied
only by Sir Francis Cottington, Endymion Porter,
and Sir R. Graham. Of the members of his
household who afterwards joined him, the principal
of course are also well known. But of the gentle-
men and grooms of the Privy Chamber, pages, &c,
I have been unable to discover a complete list,
although notices of individuals are occasionally
met with. Any references to such notices are
much desired. E. O. P.

Sack. — What wine was this ? Is it still existing
and known to the wine trade by any other name ?
If so, when and why was the name changed ?

Falstaef.

Minor GxuzUM Jnt'th 8tt£toer;».

Ralph Ashton the Commander. — In an ancient
record I met with a year or two ago (two centu-
ries old, I suppose), the name of a Ralph Ashton,
u Commandei-," occurred. The record related to
Lancashire, and it spoke of " Isabella, the wife of
Ralph the Commander." I believe that a gentle-
man of this name was commander of the Lanca-
shire forces under the Commonwealth. Will any
of your readers oblige me (should they have access
to any ancient pedigree of the Ashton family) by
saying whether any mention is made of this " Isa-
bella," and what her name was before her marriage
to Ralph the Commander ? Jaytee.

[The pedigree of the family of Ashton, or Assheton,
of Middleton, is given in Baines's Lancaster, vol. ii.
p. 596., which states that Ralph Ashton, Esq., M.P.
for Clithero, temp. Chas. I., for the county, 16 Chas. I.,
died 17th Feb. 1650, married Elizabeth, daughter of
John Kaye of Woodsome, co. York. In old documents
Isabella and Elizabeth are used for one and the same
name.]

Christopher Hervie. — M. Zachart (Vol. ix.,
p. 184.) obligingly replies to my question as to the
quotation —

" One while I think, and then I am in pain,
To think how to unthink that thought again."

Would he be kind enough to say where I may find
any notice of Christopher Hervie ? as I have been
unable to find mention of him or his work in any
biography to which I have access. W. M. M.

[A biographical notice of Christopher Harvie,
or Harvey, is given by Anthony a Wood in his
Athena Oxonienses, vol. iii. p. 538. (Bliss), from which
it appears he was "a minister's son of Cheshire, was
born in that county, became a batler of Brasen-nose
College in 1613, aged sixteen years, took the degrees
in Arts, that of Master being completed 1620, holy
orders, and at length was made vicar of Clifton in
Warwickshire." Wood, however (Atli. Oxon., vol. L

Mae. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

273

p. 628.). attributes The Synagogue to Thomas Harvey,
first Master of Kington School in Herefordshire.
" There can be no doubt," adds Mr. Bliss, " but a Ch.
Harvie was the author of this poem, particularly as
Walton contributed some commendatory verses to it,
which were repaid by another copy prefixed to the
Compleat Angler by Harvie ; but whether this was
Christopher Harvey, the vicar of Clifton, or some
other, remains to be decided. If it was, it is at least
singular that. Wood, who was so inquisitive in these
matters, should have been ignorant of the circum-
stance." Harvey died before the 4th Sept. 1663, as
on that day Samuel Bradwall was instituted to the
vicarage of Clifton, void by the death of the last in-
cumbent. — See Sir John Hawkins' edition of The
Complete Angler, p. 186.; also " N. & Q.," Vol. vi.,
pp. 463. 591.']

Dannocks. — Hedging-gloves made of whit-lea-
ther (untanned leather), and used by workmen in
cutting and trimming fences, are called in this
part of Norfolk dannocks. Can any of your corre-
spondents say whence the word is derived ?

J. L. S.

Edingthorpe.

[" It should rather be Dornecks," says Forby, "which
is the proper Flemish name of Tournai, a Frenchified
name, long since universally substituted. Two hun-
dred years ago it was celebrated for its coarse woollen
manufactures, principally of carpets and hangings,
mentioned in some of our old comedies. Probably
thick gloves were another article of importation. Our
modern dannocks, indeed, are of thick leather, and
made at home by our own glovers. Dan. dorneck."~]

Brass in All Saints, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. — In
the Church of All Saints, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
(an erection dating at some period of the Protes-
tant dark ages), jhere is a magnificent Flemish
brass, of which the incumbent refuses to allow a
rubbing to be taken, on the ground that the pro-
cess would injure it ! Can any of your corre-
spondents tell me if it has been engraved, and
where ? J. H. B.

[There is a beautiful representation of the very
curious plate of brass inlaid on the table monument of
Roger Thornton, the celebrated patron of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, temp. Henry IV., and still preserved in
the Church of All Saints in that town, engraved in
Brand's History of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, vol. i. p. 382.
Mention is also made by that author of another work
containing it, entitled Monuments in the Churches of St.
Nicholas and All Saints. ]

Imperfect Bible. — A Bible has lately come into
my possession in an imperfect state. It is in
black letter, 4to., with the capitals commencing
the chapters in Roman letters. I wish to know
the date and printer. It begins at fol. 7., at the
end of the 6th verse of xvth chapter of Genesis,
" counted that to him for righteousness." There
are a number of engravings representing the in-

Vol. IX. — No. 230.

struments used in the temple and tabernacle, at
fol. 36. 38. 40. 62. 160. &c. There is no date, but
I think it is about 1590 or 1600.

An Ignoramus on the Subject.

[This imperfect Bible is one of the very numerous
series of editions of the Genevan or Puritan version,
commonly called the Breeches Bible. It is not a 4to.
but a pot folio, having six leaves to the sheet or signa-
ture, " Imprinted at London by the Deputies of Chris-
topher Barker, printer to the Queen's most excellent
Maiestie, Anno Dom. 1595. Cum privilegio." Our
correspondent's copy wants the title and preface (three
leaves), six leaves of Genesis, the title to the N. Testa-
ment, and at the end eleven leaves, including the two
tables. The translation may be identified by the last
word of 1 Cor. vi. 9., or by 1 Tim. i. 10. There is
another edition by the same printer, and of similar
size, in the year 1602 ; but the title to the second part
has " conteineth," instead of " conteining."]

The Poem ofaHelga." — At what date was this
poem, by Herbert, written ? Seeeocus.

[This poem was commenced, as the author states in
his preface, " soon after the publication of the trans-
lations which he made from the relics of ancient Ice-
landic and Scandinavian poetry," issued in 1805.]

" Merry weather s Tempest Prognosticator." — I
wish to know if there be a book published en-
titled " Merry weather's Weather Prognostica-
tion ?" I think, if I mistake not, I saw it among
the nautical instruments, &c. in the naval depart-
ment of the London Exhibition in 1851. I can-
not find here if there be any such book extant.

J. T. C.

Dublin.

[The work is entitled An Essay explanatory of the
Tempest Prognosticator in the Building of the Great Ex-
hibition for the Works of Industry of all Nations, read
before the Whitby Philosophical Society, Feb. 27, 1851,
by George Merry weather, M. D., the Designer and
Inventor : London, John Churchill, Princes Street,
Soho, 1851.]

Edward Spencer's Marriage. — Can any reader
supply me with particulars of the marriage of
Edward Spencer of Rendlesham, co. Suffolk, and
Grosvenor Square, who lived in the early part of
the last century, and whose daughters married the
Duke of Hamilton and Sir James Dashwood ?

Charles Bridger.

Keppel St., Russell Sq.

[The following entry is given in Davy's Suffolk
Collections (Add. MSS. 19,097., p. 272.) : "Edward
Spencer, son of John Spencer, Esq., ob. 1718. Edward,
now living at Naunton Hall, is a barrister-at-law. He
married Anne, the only daughter of William Baker of
Layham, clerk, by whom he had issue Henry Spencer,
who died an infant, and Anne Spencer, their only
daughter, and now living." This extract is copied
from Hawes's MSS., the date of which, unfortunately,
is not given.]

274

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

Yew-tree at Crowhurst. — Could any of your
readers inform me of the age of the yew-tree in
Crowhurst Churchyard, Sussex ? C. Bowmer.

[Decandolle assigns an antiquity of fourteen and a
half centuries to this remarkable yew. See a valuable
article on the " Age of Trees " in our fourth volume,
p. 401.]

XLejplirf.

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH IN 1753.

(Vol. viii., p. 364.)

As no reply has yet been given to the Query of
Inquirendo as to who was C. M., who described
in the Scots Magazine, vol. xv. p. 73., as long since
as 1753, the electric telegraph, and as the article
itself is one of great interest in the history of an
invention which is justly considered one of the
greatest wonders of our own times, I send a tran-
script of it, by way of satisfying the natural cu-
riosity of many readers who may not have an
opportunity of consulting it in the magazine in
which it originally appeared, and also because the
doing so may stimulate farther inquiry, and lead
to the discovery of its ingenious writer, C. M. of
Renfrew.

" Renfrew, February 1, 1753.
" Sir,

" It is well known to all who are conversant in elec-
trical experiments, that the electric power may be pro-
pagated along a small wire, from one place to another,
without being sensibly abated by the length of its
progress. Let, then, a set of wires, equal in number
to the letters of the alphabet, be extended horizontally
between two given places, parallel to one another, and
each of them about an inch distant from that next to
it. At every twenty yards' end let them be fixed in
glass, or jeweller's cement, to some firm body, both to
prevent them from touching the earth, or any other
non-electric, and from breaking by their own gravity.
Let the electric gun-barrel be placed at right angles
with the extremities of the wires, and about an inch
below them ; also let the wires be fixed in a solid piece
of glass at six inches from the end ; and let that part
of them which reaches from the glass to the machine
have sufficient spring and stiffness to recover its situ-
ation after having been brought in contact witli the
barrel. Close by the supporting glass let a ball be
suspended from every wire, and about a sixth or an
eighth of an inch below the ball place the letters of an
alphabet, marked on bits of paper, or any other sub-
stance that may be light enough to rise to the electri-
fied ball, and at the same time let it be so contrived
that each of them may reassume its proper place when
dropt. All things constructed as above, and the
minute previously fixed, I begin the conversation with
my distant friend in this manner : — Having set the
electrical machine a-going, as in ordinary experiments,
suppose I am to pronounce the word sir; with a piece
of glass, or any other electric per se, I strike the wire s,
so as to bring it in contact with the barrel, then i,

then r, all in the same way ; and my correspondent,
almost in the same instant, observes these several cha-
racters rise in order to the electrified balls at his end of
the wires. Thus I spell away as long as I think fit,
and my correspondent, for the sake of memory, writes
the characters as they rise, and may join or read them
afterwards as often as he inclines. Upon a signal
given, or from desire, I stop the machine, and taking
up the pen, in my turn I write down whatever my
friend at the other end strikes out.

"If anybody should think this way tiresome, let
him, instead of the balls, suspend a range of bells from
the roof, equal in number to the letters of the alphabet,
gradually decreasing in size from the bell a to z; and
from the horizontal wires let there be another set
reaching to the several bells ; one, viz., from the hori-
zontal wire a to the bell a, another from the horizontal
wire b to the bell b, &c. Then let him who begins
the discourse bring the wires in contact with the barrel,
as before, and the electric spark, breaking on bells of
different size, will inform his correspondent by the
sound what wires have been touched. And thus, by
some practice, they may come to understand the lan-
guage of the chimes in whole words, without being put
to the trouble of noting down every letter.

" The same thing may be otherwise effected. Let
the balls be suspended over the characters, as before,
but instead of bringing the ends of the horizontal wires
in contact with the barrel, let a second set reach from
the electrificator, so as to be in contact with the hori-
zontal ones ; and let it be so contrived, at the same
time, that any of them may be removed from its cor-
responding horizontal by the slightest touch, and may
bring itself again into contact when left at liberty.
This may be done by the help of a small spring and
slider, or twenty other methods which the least in-
genuity will discover. In this way the characters
will always adhere to the balls, excepting when any of
the secondaries is removed from contact with its hori-
zontal ; and then the letter at the other end of the
horizontal will immediately drop from its ball. But
I mention this only by way of variety.

" Some may perhaps think that, although the elec-
tric fire has not been observed to diminish sensibly in
its progress through any length of wire that has been
tried hitherto ; yet, as that has never exceeded some
thirty or forty yards, it may be reasonably supposed,
that in a far greater length it would be remarkably
diminished, and probably would be entirely strained off
in a few miles by the surrounding air. To prevent
this objection, and save longer argument, lay over the
wires, from one end to the other, with a thin coat of
jeweller's cement. This may be done for a trifle of
additional expense ; and as it is an electric per se, will
effectually secure any part of the fire from mixing with
the atmosphere.

" I am, &c,

" C. M."

Surely among the numerous readers of " N. &
Q." some one will be found to tell us who C. M.
was. J- Y.

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

275

FACTITIOUS PEDIGREES '. DIXON OF BEESTON.

(Vol. ix., p. 221.)

The inquiry of Mr. R. W. Dixon is one that I
feel should not remain unanswered ; and a few
circumstances that I can detail will be sufficient
to prove that his brother Mr. J. H. Dixon only
exercised a just discretion in rejecting the in-
formation offered by William Sidney Spence.

On 4th March, 1848 (a few months, therefore,
earlier than the letter which has been quoted), a
communication was forwarded to me by Mr.
Spence so similar, as to warrant the supposition
that a set form was kept on hand to be copied in
different applications with such variations as each
case might demand, though even then a discre-
pancy has crept in that would render the evidence
suspicious.

The first paragraph is the same, except that
Mr. Spence states he was engaged by the " widow
of Sir John Cotgreave," instead of the " sister."

In the second the pedigree is said to be the
"work of Handle Holme, 1672, from documents
by William Camden," instead of the work of " the
great Camden." Monsons, of course, are substi-
tuted instead of Dixons. Four generations from
Sir John Monson temp. Edward III., instead
of five generations from Ralph Dixon temp.
Henry VI. And this Sir John is slain fighting
under Lord Audley at the battle of Poictiers,
1356, as a counterpart to Ralph Dixon, slain at
the battle of Wakefield, 1460.

The third paragraph is word for word the
same, except that, to be consistent with the de-
scents, four shields with sixteen quarterings are
offered instead of five shields with twelve.

Lady Cotgreave is to vouch for the authenticity
instead of Miss Cotgreave.

The quarterings promised in the next paragraph
are only partially the same, and the conclusion
merely differs in wording by the substitution of
the names of " Sir John Monson " and " his mo-
ther Elinor, daughter and coheir of Sir John
Sutton, de Sutton and Congleton," in place of
" Ralph Dixon and his mother Maude, daughter
and coheiress of Sir Ralph Fitz Hugh," &c.

I acknowledge that from the first I did not be-
lieve a word of this ingenious tale ; in fact I was
rather an unfortunate subject for Mr. Spence's
purpose, having for years made the early history
of my family my especial study ; but having a
friend resident at Birkenhead (a clergyman), I
applied to him out of curiosity to find out some-
thing of my informant, who at least had shown
some ingenuity. The answer was by no means in
favour of Mr. Spence ; and one fact was decidedly
ascertained, that he neither lived nor was known in
Priory Place, whence his letters were dated. I
answered his letter, declining to give the remu-
neration of five pounds which he had asked ; and

on taxing him with the falsity of his residence, he
said he had his letters left there for convenience.

Mr. Dixon must now himself judge of the
credit to be placed on the informant. As for the
information in my own case, it bore internal
proofs of being worthless ; and if such a pedigree
as is described should exist, I feel assured it is not
the work of Camden, but more probably of a
cotemporary, of rather discreditable notoriety
among genealogists, of the name of Dakyns.

Monson.

Gatton Park.

I can give no information on the Dixon family,
but having some years ago received a letter from
the same Mr. Spence, with an account of my own
family, every word of which is not only entirely
without authority, but a gross invention opposed
to the facts, I thought Mr. Dixon might like to
know that Mr. Spence founds the romance in
question on a " Pedigree of Cotgreave de Har-
grave, the work of the celebrated Randle Holme,
anno 1672, from documents compiled by that
learned antiquary William Camden, in the year
1598," evidently the same veracious authority
with that mentioned in the letter to Mr. Dixon.

Ev. Ph. Shirley.

Eatington Park, Stratford-on-Avon.

The following note will, I think, satisfy your
correspondent R. W. Dixon that the letter of
William Sidney Spence which you inserted for
him was an imposture, and that Mr. J. H. Dixon
was not without reason in rejecting the informa-
tion offered.

A friend of mine, assuming descent from "a
good old " family of the same name, which he was
unable to prove, received, about the same time aa
Mr. Dixon did, a communication from Mr. Wil-
liam Sidney Spence to precisely the same effect,
and having no cautious brother to consult, readily
took the bait, and paid some pounds for a specious
pedigree, setting forth his "distinguished pro-
genitors," with their armorial bearings, &c, pur-
porting to be authenticated as a true copy of one
in Miss Cotgreave's possession under that lady's
own hand. The information so received being
subsequently submitted to a genealogical friend,
some doubt was excited of its genuineness in
proving too much •> and an inquiry, which I made
through a correspondent in Cheshire, tending to
confirm this suspicion, a reference was had to Miss
Cotgreave herself, when it turned out that the
whole was an ingenious fabrication. Mr. Spence
was then dead, and my friend, whose name I do
not mention, as the subject is rather a sore one,
was obliged to be content with the practical ex-
perience he had bought.

The probability is, that whenever Mr. Spence
read in Burke's Landed Gentry that Mr. A. or

276

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

Mr. B., in preference to being considered as the
founder of a new family, supposed himself, or
wished to be supposed by others, to be descended
from an old stock of the same name, he kindly
offered to supply the desired information, and was
ready to execute a pedigree to order. G. A. C.
[The Editor has been informed by a person on
whose accuracy he can rely, that a lady who received a
letter from Mr. Spence offering certain information
respecting his family taken from the Cotgreave pe-
digree, and who imprudently sent money for the same,
got nothing but tiie most absurd rubbish in return,
and having been induced to make inquiries into the
subject, was fully satisfied that the whole thing was a
fraud.]

LICENCES TO CRENE1LATE.

(Vol. ix., p. 220.)

The subjoined list of names and places will
supply Mb. Parker with the counties of all the
places named in his inquiry, except two in which
I suspect some error. If farther references to
authorities are desired, they will be given with
pleasure in reply to a private application, but
would crowd your pages inconveniently.

1. Cokefield for Melton — Cokefeud for Moulton,
Suffolk.

2. Grisnak for Molun — Query this?

3. Langeton for Newton in Makerfield — L. for
Newton Hall or Castle, the head of the Palatine Ba-
rony of Newton, in Lancashire.

4. Esselynton for Esselynton — E. in Northumber-
land.

5. Trussel for Cubleston — C. in Staffordshire.

6. De la Beche for De la Beche — De la Beche
Castle, Aldworth, Berks.

7. The same for Beaumes — Beaumys Castle, Shin-
field, Berks.

8. Cobham for Pringham- — P. alias Sterborough
Castle, Surrey.

9. The same for Orkesdene — O. in Kent.

10. " Burghchier" for Stanstede — Bourchier for
Stansted, Essex.

] 1. Dalham for " Credonio" — " Fortalicium in loco
de Crodonio." Printed Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 143.

12. Lengleys for Heyheved — Highhead Castle, in
Cumberland.

13. ^4eton for Chevelyngham — i/eton for Chilling-
ham, Northumberland.

Geo. O.
Sedbury Park, Chepstow.

There can, I think, be little doubt that Stans-
stede, in Mr. J. H. Parker's list, is Stanstead
Hall, near Halstead in Essex. I have never seen
Stanstead Hall, but about a month since I was in
company with the late occupant ; from whom I
learned, in casual conversation, that it was an
ancient house, with moat and fortifications. In
addition to this I may state, that there are monu-

ments in the old church (St. Andrew) of Halstead
to some of the Bourchier family. These facts,
taken together, seem to fix the locality with suffi-
cient precision. One of the monuments just re-
ferred to is a brass, commemorating Sir Bartho-
lomew Bourchier and his two wives ; which, when
I copied it in 1847, was under the flooring of a
pew in the south aisle. He died May 8, 1409;
and was previously the possessor of Stanstead
Hall : so I learn from my own MS. Catalogue of
brass rubbings in my collection, but I am not able
to give any better reference to authenticate the
statement. W» Sparrow Simpson.

Heyheved, mentioned in Mr. Parker's list, is
Highhead Castle in Cumberland. In the reign of
Edward II. it was a peel house (pelum de Hey-
heved) possessed by Harcla, Earl of Carlisle. In
modern times it became the property of a family
named Richmond, one of whom erected the pre-
sent house, after a plan by Inigo Jones. But he
died before it was finished, leaving co-heirs, who
quarrelled about the partition of the estate, and
actually put a hedge through the centre of the
house. Eventually one-half came into the hands
of Lord Brougham, who is understood to have
purchased the other, and will probably restore the
whole. K.

NEWSPAPER FOLK LORE.

(Vol. vi., pp. 221. 338. 466. ; Vol. ix., pp. 29. 84.)

It may be instructive to collate the four stories
recorded in the above references, and compare them
with a case that was brought before Mr. Jardine at
Bow Street Police Court ; and which was reported
in The Times for February 22, 1854. Let the
following extract suffice : it is descriptive of the
operation of extracting a worm from the body of
one Harriet Gunton, by a female quack of the
name of Jane Browning :

" I laid myself on the bed as she desired, and she
told Mrs. Jones to hold my mouth to prevent my
breathing. Mrs. Jones held me from behind, and
nearly suffocated me. She kept me down, while the
prisoner tried to get the worms out of my body with
her hands. This lasted for about a quarter of an hour,
and caused me dreadful pain. The prisoner told me
that one of the worms had bit her finger, and slipped
away again, and she could not get at it. She tried a
second time, and said the worm had bit her again. I
then begged her to leave off, if she could not succeed
in getting it away ; for I believed I should die under
the operation. She tried a third time, and said she
had broken two skins of it, which would prevent it
getting up my body .....

She then put her hand under the clothes. I felt some-
thing touch me like a cloth, and she drew away her
hand ; throwing something into the pan, which sounded

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

277

with a heavy splash. She said she had been trying at
it all night, and had got it away at last."

Mr. Robert Biggs, the medical attendant, pro-
nounced the "reptile" to be a fine conger eel,
which he believed had often done duty in the same
way. C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

It would be well if every popular error were
hunted down, as your correspondents have done
in the case of the snake-vomiting at Portsmouth.
The public need to be told, that no animal can
live in the alimentary canal but the parasites which
belong to that part of the animal economy. Of
these, the Lumbricus intestinalis is the largest, and
is discharged by children even of the size men-
tioned in the case of Jonathan Smith.

Two years ago I met with a curious illustration
of the popular ignorance of that branch of natural
history which treats of our own reptiles, as well
as of the mode of growth of a popular marvel.
During the hot weather of the summer before last,
I was asked by a respectable farmer, if I had seen
the " serpent" which was lately killed in an ad-
joining parish. " Serpent ! " I replied ; " I suppose
you mean some overgrown common snake — per-
haps a female full of eggs?" "Well, it might
have been a snake at first, but it was grown into
a serpent ; and pursued a boy through the hedge,
but was fortunately encountered and killed by the
father."

It is a moot point, whether the parasites of
animals are engendered or not within the body.
In the case of the bots of horses, they are known
to be the larvas of a fly which deposits its eggs on
the skin ; from whence they are licked off, and
conveyed into the animal's stomach, where they
are hatched and prepared for their other meta-
morphoses.

I believe the only parasite taken in with water
in tropical climates is the Guinea Worm ; an
animal which burrows under the skin of the arms
or legs, and is extremely difficult of extraction,
and often productive of great inconvenience.
But whether the egg of this worm be taken into
the stomach, and conveyed by the blood into the
limbs, there to be hatched into life, or whether
it enter through the pores of the skin, I believe is
not determined.

The popular delusion respecting the swallowing
of young snakes, and of their continuance in the
stomach, is a very old one, and is still frequent.
A medical friend of mine, not long since, was
called on to treat a poor hysterical woman, who
had exhausted the skill of many medical men (as
she asserted) to rid her of " a snake or some such
living creature, which she felt confident was and
had been for a long time gnawing in her stomach."
I suggested the expediency of working on the
imagination of this poor hypochondriac, as was

done in the well-known facetious story of the
man who fancied he had swallowed a cobbler ; and
who was cured by the apparent discharge first of
the awls and strap, then of the lapstone, and,
finally, of Crispin himself. M. (2)

FRENCH SEASON RHYMES AND WEATHER RHYMES.

(Vol. ix., p. 9.)

The following weather rules are taken from a
work which is probably but little known to the
generality of English readers. It is entitled :

«' Contes populaires, Prejuges, Patois, Proverbes,
Noms de Lieux, de PArrondissement de Bayeux, re-
cueillis et publies par Frederic Pluquet, &c. : Rouen,
1834."

Where saints' days are mentioned, I have added
the day of the month on which they fall, as far as
I have been able to ascertain it ; but as it some-
times happens that there is more than one saint of
the same name, and that their feasts fall on differ-
ent days, I may perhaps, in some cases, have fixed
on the wrong one :

" Annee venteuse,
Annee pommeuse."

" Annee hannetonneuse,
Annee pommeuse."

" L'hiver est dans un bissac ; s'il n'est dans un bout,
il est dans l'autre."

" Pluie du matin
N'arrete pas le pelerin."

" A Noel au balcon,
A Paques au tison."

" A Noel les moucherons,
A Paques les glacons."

" Paques pluvieux,
An fromenteux."

" Le propre jour des Rameaux
Seme oignons et poreaux."

" Apres Paques et les Rogations,
Fi de pretres et d'oignons."

" Feves fleuries
Temps de folies."

" Rouge ros<5e au matin,
C'est beau temps pour le pelerin."

" Pluie de Fevrier
Vaut jus de fumier."

" Fevrier qui donne neige
Bel ete nous plege."

" Fevrier
L'anelier " [anneau].

This saying has probably originated in the number
of marriages celebrated in this month ; the season of
Lent which follows being a time in which it is not

278

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No 230.

usual, in Roman Catholic countries, to contract mar-
riage.

" Fevrier emplit les fosses ;
Mars les seche."

" Mars martelle,
Avril coutelle."

An allusion to the boisterous winds of March, and
the sharp, cutting, easterly winds which frequently
prevail in April.

" Nul Avril
Sans epi."

" Avril le doux,
Quand il se fache, le pis de tout."

" Bonne ou mauvaise poirette,
II faut que Mars la trouve faite."

Poirette, in the dialect of Bayeux, means a leek.

" Froid Mai et chaud Juin
Donnent pain et vin."

" En Juignet [Juillet],
La faucille au poignet."

" A la Saint- Vincent [Jan. 22],
Tout degele, ou tout fend."

" Saint-Julien brise glace [Jan. 27],
S'il ne la brise, il Pembrasse."

" A la Chandeleur [Feb. 2],
La grande douleur."

Meaning the greatest cold.

■ A la Chandeleur,
Ou toutes betes sont en horreur."

Probably alluding to the rough state of their coats
at this season.

"A la Saint-George [April 23],
Seme ton orge."

" Quand il pleut le jour Saint- Marc [April 25],
II ne faut ni pouque ni sac."
\
" A la Saint- Catherine [April 29],
Tout bois prend racine."

" A la Saint-Urbain [May 25],
Le froment porte grain."

"A la Saint- Loup [May 28?],
La lampe au clou."

" S'il pleut le jour Saint-Medard [June 8],
II pleuvra quarante jours plus tard."

"A la Saint- Barnabe [June 11]
La faux au pre."

"Ala Saint- Sacrement [this year, June 15]
L'epi est au froment."

" Quand il pleut a la Saint- Gervais [June 19],
II pleut quarante jours apres."

" A la Madeleine [July 22].
Les noix sont pleines."

" A la Saint- Laurent [Aug. 10],
La faucille au froment."

" Passe la Saint-Clement [Nov. 23?],
Ne seme plus le froment."

" Si le soleil rit le jour Sainte-Eulalie [Dec. 10],
II y aura pommes et cidre a folie."

"A la Sainte-Luce [Dec. 13?],
Les jours croissent du saut d'une puce.".

"A la Saint- Thomas [Dec. 21],
Les jours sont au plus bas."

Edgar MacCdlloch.
Guernsey.

VAULT INTERMENTS (Vol. ii., p. 21.) I BURIAL, IN

an erect posture (Vol. viii., pp. 329. 630.) :

INTERMENT OF THE TROGLODITJE (Vol. ii.,

p. 187.).

In the 4th book of Evelyn's Sylva there is much
interesting matter on this subject, besides what has
been quoted above ; and, to those herein interested,
the following extract from Burn's History of Parish
Registers in England will doubtless be acceptable:

" Many great and good men have entertained scru-
ples on the practice of interment in churches. The
example of the virtuous and primitive confessor, Arch-
bishop Sancroft, who ordered himself to be buried in
the churchyard of Fresingfield in Suffolk, thinking it
improper that the house of God should be made the
repository of sinful man, ought to command the imi-
tation of less deserving persons : perhaps it had an in-
fluence over the mind of his successor, Archbishop
Seeker, who ordered himself to be buried in the church-
yard of Lambeth. The Bishops of London in succes-
sion, from Bishop Compton to Bishop Hayter, who
died in 1762, inclusive, have been buried in Fulham
Churchyard."*

Of the same opinion were Dr. Edward Rainbow,
Bishop of Carlisle ; Sir Matthew Hale, who used
to say that churches were for the living and the
churchyards for the dead f ; Joseph Hall, Bishop
of Norwich, who " did not hold God's house a
meet repository for the greatest saint ;" and Wil-
liam Bedell, Bishop of Kilmore, who made a canon
in his synod to the following effect :

" IX. Ut corpora defunctorum deinceps in Ecclesiis
non humentur, sed nee intra quintum pedem a pariete
extrorsum."

Sir Thomas Latymer, of Braibroke in North-
amptonshire, by his will directed thus :

" I, Thomas Latymer of Braybroke, a fals knyghte to
God, &c, my wrecchyd body to be buried where that
ever I die in the next chirche yerde, God vouchsafe,
and naut in the chirche, but in the utterist corner, as
he that is unworthy to lyn therein, save the merci of
God."

* Cole's MSS., vol. iv. p. 100.

f The Assembly at Edinburgh, in 1588, prohibited
the burying in kirks.

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

279

Dr. Isaac Barrow, Bishop of St. Asaph, was
buried in a churchyard, although, from his having
generously repaired and endowed his cathedral, he
might be considered to have a claim of interment
within its walls ; and Baldwin, the great civilian,
severely censures this indecent liberty, and ques-
tions whether he shall call it a superstition or
an impudent ambition. Lanfranc, Archbishop of
Canterbury, was the first who made vaults under
the chancel, and even under the altar, when he
rebuilt the choir of Canterbury, about 1075.*

" The Irish long retained an attachment to their
ancient customs and pagan superstitions ; and the cus-
tom of burying in consecrated ground was not uni-
versal in Ireland in the twelfth century on the arrival
of the English, as we find it enjoined in the Council of
Cashel, held in 1172, mentioned by Cambrensis. A
short time since some small earthen tumuli were opened
on the Curragh of Kildare, under which skeletons were
found standing upright on their feet, and in their
hands, or near them, spears with iron heads. The
custom of placing their dead erect was general among
all the northern nations, and is still retained in Lap-
land and some parts of Norway ; and the natives of
North America bury their dead sitting in holes in the
ground, and cover them with a mound of earth." —
Transactions of the B. Irish Academy, vol. iii.

A Query I proposed (Vol. ii., p. 187.) in refer-
ence to the Trogloditse never having been an-
swered, I shall, perhaps, be allowed to use this
opportunity myself to furnish an apposite and
explanatory quotation, viz. —

" Troglodytas mortui cervicem pedibus alligabant et
raptim cum risu et jocis efferebant, nullaque loci habita
cura mandabant terra? ; ac ad caput cornu caprinum
affigebant." — Ccelii Rhodigini, Lectiones Antiques,
p. 792.

I shall conclude with the rationale of the erect
posture, as illustrated by Staveley in his History
of Churches in England :

" It is storied to be a custom among the people of
Megara in Greece, to be buried with their faces down-
wards ; Diogenes gave this reason why he should be
buried after the same way, that seeing all things were
(according to his opinion) to be turned upside down
in succeeding times, he, by this posture, would at last
be found with his face upwards, and looking towards
heaven."

BlBLIOTHECAR. ChETHAM.

In Much Ado about Nothing, Act III. Sc. 2.,
Don Pedro says :

" She shall be buried with her face upwards."
Theobald, Johnson, and Steevens have left notes
upon this line. The following passage is part of
Steevens' note :

" Dr. Johnson's explanation may likewise be coun-
tenanced hy a passage in an old black-letter book,

* Cole's MSS., vol. iv.

without date, intitled, ' A merye Jest of a Man that
was called Howleglas, &c. : How Howleglas was
buryed :

" ' Thus as Howleglas was deade, then they brought
him to be buryed. And as they would have put the
coff'yn into the pytte with 2 cordes, the corde at the
fete brake, so that the fote of the cofFyn fell into the
botome of the pyt, and the cofFyn stood bolt upryght
in the middes of the grave. Then desired ye people
that stode about the grave that tyme, to let the cofFyn
to stande bolt upryght. For in his lyfe tyme he was
a very marvelous man, §*c, and shall be buryed as mar-
vuilously. And in this maner they left Howleglas,' &c.

" Were not the Claphams and Mauleverers buried
marvailously, because they were marvelous men ? " —
Johnson and Steevens' Shakspeare, vol. ii. p. 310.

J. W. Farrer.

" In Oliver Hey wood's Register is the following
entry [Oct. 28, 1684]:

. ' Capt. Taylor's wife of Brig House, buried in her
garden with head upwards, standing upright, by her
husband : daughter, &c. Quakers.'" — Watson's History
of Halifax, p. 233.

Cervus.

"Some Christians [Russians?] decline the figure of

rest, and make choice of an erect posture in burial." •

Browne's Hydriotaphia, ch. iv. p. 246.

Query, With the desire of meeting the Judge,
face to face, when He cometh ?

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

DO CONJUNCTIONS JOIN PROPOSITIONS ONLY ?

(Vol.ix., p. 180.)

Professor Boole's communication on the
above question reminds me of some remarks of
mine, published in an article on Sir John Stod-
dart's Philosophy of Language, in the North
British Review for November, 1850. In reference
to the opinion maintained by Sir John Stoddart
and Dr. Latham, that the conjunction always con-
nects sentences, the preposition words, it is ob-
served :

" It does not apply to cases where the conjunction
unites portions of the predicate, instead of the subject,
of a proposition. If I assert that a gentleman of my
acquaintance ^"irtf brandy and water, he might not
relish the imputAtfcn of imbibing separate potations of
the neat spirit and the pure element. Stradling versus
Stiles is a casefin point : ' Out of the kind love and
respect I bear %> my much honoured and good friend,
Mr. Matthew Shying, Gent., I do bequeath unto
the said Matthew Stradling, Gent., all my black and
white horses.' The testator had six black horses, six
white horses, and six pied horses. The whole point
at issue turns upon the question whether the copulative
and joins sentences or words. If the former, the
plaintiff is entitled to the black horses, and also to the

280

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

white, but not to the pied. If the latter, he has a
right to the pied horses, but must forego his claim to
the rest. And if the latter interpretation be adopted,
must we say that and is a preposition, not a conjunction,
or must we modify the definitions of these two parts
of speech ? "

The following definitions are finally proposed in
place of the ordinary ones :

" A preposition is a part of speech annexed to a noun
or verb in a proposition, and serving to connect it with
a noun or pronoun by which it is limited, as the sub-
ject or predicate of that proposition."

" A conjunction is a part of speech serving to unite
two propositions as parts of the same complex assertion,
or two words as similar parts of the subject or predicate
of one proposition. By similar parts it is meant that
the words so united stand in similar relations to the
term to which they belong. For example, 1. As at-
tributes, both qualifying a subject, ' Sic bonus et
sapiens dignis ait esse paratus.' 2. As prepositions,
both introducing limiting nouns, ' without money and
without price.' 3. As substantives, both forming parts
of a collective subject, 'two and three are five.'
Whereas with the preposition, the words united are
not similar, but opposed, the limiting and the limited
notion."

While differing from some of Professor
Boole's views on the relation of logic to mathe-
matics, I fully agree with him that the true
functions of the several parts of speech must be
determined by an analysis of the laws of thought.
Both grammar and logic might be considerably
improved by an accurate development on psycho-
logical principles. H. L. Mansel, B.D.

St. John's College, Oxford.

Has not your correspondent G. Boole fallen
into an inaccuracy whilst contending about the
accuracy of another's logic ? He seems to employ
the proposition, all trees are endogens or exogens,
as an example of an accurate proposition.

I forget the technicalities in which the objection
to such a proposition would be properly expressed ;
but it cannot well be denied that all comprehends
the whole genus, and expresses that whole col-
lectively. If so, the proposition affirms that the
whole genus of trees must either be acknowledged
to be endogens, or else to be all exogens. Does
not such an affirmation require the word every to
clear it from ambiguity ? Will it be cleared of
ambiguity by saying, " Every tree is endogen or
exogen ? " Or must we say " Every tree is either
endogen or exogen ? "

If your correspondents should happen to take
down the second volume of Locke on Human Un-
derstanding, b. in. ch. iii. § 11., on " Universals,"
his note will supply them with another knot to
unravel, of which I would gladly see their solution.
For he has there said, " Three Bobaques are all
true and real Bobaques, supposing the name of

that species of animals belongs to them." Is this
name formed in jest ? For the philosopher some-
times puts on an awkward affectation of humour
in his replies to Bishop Stillingfleet, to whom this
note is addressed. H. W.

HAS EXECUTION BY HANGING BEEN SURVIVED f

(Vol. ix., p. 174.)

Two instances of criminals being restored to
life after having been hanged are recorded, on
good authority, to have occurred in this town.
Henry of Knighton (who was a Canon of Lei-
cester Abbey) relates in his Chronicle (col. 2627),
under the year 1363, that —

" One Walter Wynkeburn, having been hanged at
Leicester, on the prosecution of Brother John Dingley,
Master of Dalby, of the order of Knights Hospitallers,
after having been taken down from the gallows as a
dead man, was being carried to the cemetery of the
Holy Sepulchre of Leicester, to be buried, began to
revive in the cart, and was taken into the church of
the Holy Sepulchre by an ecclesiastic, and there dili-
gently guarded by this Leicester ecclesiastic to pre-
vent his being seized for the purpose of being hanged
a second time. To this man King Edward granted
pardon in Leicester Abbey, and gave him a charter of
pardon, thus saying in my hearing, ' Deus tibi dedit
vitam, et nos dabimus tibi Cartam ? "

We learn, on the authority of a cotemporary
record, preserved in the archives of this borough,
and quoted in Thompson's History of Leicester,
p. 110., that in June, 1313, Matthew of Enderby,
a thief, was apprehended and imprisoned in the
king's gaol at Leicester ; and that being after-
wards convicted, he was sentenced by Sir John
Digby and Sir John Daungervill, the king's
justices, to be hanged ; that he was led to the
gallows by the frankpledges of Birstall and Bel-
grave, and by them suspended ; but on his body
being taken down, and carried to the cemetery of
St. John's Hospital for interment, he revived, and
was subsequently exiled. Three instances are
narrated in Wanley's Wonders of Man, vol. i.
pp. 125, 126., and another will be found in Seward's
Spirit of Anecdote and Wit, vol. iii. p. 88., quoted
from Gamble's Views of Society, Sec. in the North
of Lreland; whilst in vol. ii. p. 220. of the same
work, another restoration to life is stated to have
taken place in the dissecting-room of Professor
Junker, of Halle : but I know not how far these
last-mentioned anecdotes are susceptible of proof.

William Kellt.

Leicester.

There appears to be no reason to doubt the
truth of individuals having survived execution by
hanging.

Margaret Dickson was tried, convicted, and ex-
ecuted in Edinburgh, in the year 1728. After

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

281

the sentence had been accomplished, her body was
cut down and delivered to her friends, who placed
it in a coffin, and conveyed the same in a cart
towards her native place for the purpose of inter-
ment. On her journey the dead came to life
again, sat up in her coffin, and alarmed her at-
tendants. She was, however, promptly bled, and
by the next morning had perfectly recovered.
She lived for twenty-five years afterwards, and
had several children.

In 1705 one John Smith was executed at Ty-
burn ; after he had hung fifteen minutes a reprieve
arrived. He was cut down and bled, and is said
to have recovered. (Paris and Fonblanque, Med.
Jur., vol. ii. p. 92.)

When it is considered that death takes place
after hanging, in most cases by asphyxia, in very
rare instances by dislocation of the spine, we can
understand the possibility of recovery within
certain limits.

That artificial means have been adopted to
ensure recovery, the case of Gordon, which oc-
curred in the early part of the seventeenth cen-
tury, satisfactorily establishes.

This evil-doer had been condemned for highway
robbery, and with a view to escape from his
penalty, succeeded in obtaining the following
friendly assistance.

A young surgeon named Chovell (concerning
whose motives we will not inquire too curiously)
introduced a small tube through an opening which
he made in the windpipe. The hangman, having
accomplished his part of the tragedy, Gordon's
body was handed over to his friends. Chovell
bled him, and the highwayman sighed deeply, but
subsequently fainted and died. The want of
success was attributed to the great weight of the
culprit, who consequently dropped with unusual
violence. (Memoirs of the Royal Academy of
Surgery in France, Sydenham Society Publications,
p. 227.)

How far the mechanical contrivance by which
Bouthron, in Scott's Fair Maid of Perth, was
kept alive after hanging, was founded on success-
ful experience, I know not. Nor do I know
whether Hook, in his Maxwell, had any farther
authority than his imagination for his story of
resuscitation, though I have heard it said to be
founded on the supposed recovery of a distin-
guished forger, who had paid the last penalty for
his offences, and who was said to have really died
only a short time since. Oliver Pemberton.

Birmingham.

The Cork Remembrancer, a chronicle of local
events, which I recollect seeing among my late
father's (a Cork man) books, relates the fact of a
man who was hanged in that city, and on the
evening of the same day appeared, not in the
spirit, but in body, in the theatre. I regret I

have not the book, but it is to be had somewhere.
Undoubtedly your late venerable correspondent,
James Roche, Esq., could have authenticated my
statement, and with fuller particulars, as I only
relate the record of it from memory, after a lapse
of many years. I think the occurrence, of which
there is no doubt, took place somewhere about
the year 1782 or 1784; and after all there is
nothing very extraordinary about it, for the
mode of execution by hanging at that time pre-
sented many chances to the culprit of escaping
death ; he ascended a ladder, upon which he stood
until all the arrangements were completed, and
then was quietly turned off, commonly in such a
manner as not to break the neck or hurt the
spinal marrow. It was most likely so in the case
I relate ; and the man having been suspended the
usual time, and not having been a murderer, was
handed over to his friends, who took prompt mea-
sures, and successfully, to restore animation, and
so effectually, that the man, upon whom such
little impression by the frightful ordeal he had
passed was made, mixed in the world again, and
was at the theatre that evening.

Little chance is there of escaping death by the
present mode of executing. Umbra.

Dublin.

The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. x. p. 570., after
giving the names of those executed on Nov. 24,

says :

" And William Duell, for ravishing, robbing, and
murdering Sarah Griffin at Acton. The body of this
last was brought to Surgeons' Hall to be anatomised ;
but after it was stripped and laid on the board, and
one of the servants was washing him in order to be
cut, he perceived life in him, and found his breath to
come quicker and quicker ; on which a surgeon took
some ounces of blood from him : in two hours he was
able to sit up in his chair, and in the evening was
agaiu committed to Newgate."

And at p. 621. of the same volume, —

" Dec. 9th. Wm. Duell (p. 570.) ordered to be
transported for life."

Other instances will be found in the Gentle-
man's Magazine, vol. i. p. 172., and vol. xxxvii.
p. 90. ; and in vol. lxx. pt. i. p. 107. is the very
curious case of Anne Green of Oxford, quoted
from Dr. Plot's Natural History of Oxfordshire,
p. 197., which is well worth reading. Also, in
vol. lvii. pt. i. p. 33., is a letter, containing the two
following quotations from Cardan, in explanation
of the phenomenon of surviving death by hanging :

* Is qui diu suspensus Bononia? jacuit, vivus in-
ventus est, quod asperam arteriam non cartilagineam.
sed osseam habuit." — Cardanus, lib. ii. tr. 2. contr. 7.

" Constat quendam bis suspensum servatum miraculi
specie ; inde cum tertio Judicis solertia. periisset, in-

282

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

ventam osseam asperam arteriam." — Cardanus, lib. xiv.,
De rerum variet., cap. 76.

In the Newgate Calendar, or Malefactors'
Bloody Register, vol. ii. p. 233., is the account of
Margaret Dickson, who was executed for child-
murder at Edinburgh, June 19, 1728, with an
engraving of her " rising from her coffin near
Edinburgh, as she was carrying from the place of
execution in order for interment."

" By the Scottish law," says the author, " every
person on whom the judgment of the court lias been
executed has no more to suffer, but must be for ever
discharged ; and the executed person is dead at law, so
that the marriage is dissolved. This was exactly the
case with Margaret Dickson, for the king's advocate
could not pursue her any farther, but filed a bill in the
High Court of Justiciary against the sheriff for not
seeing the judgment executed. And her husband
being a good-natured man, was publicly married to
her within a fevr days after the affair happened."

Zeus.

For the information of your correspondent I
send an extract from the Gentleman's Magazine
for February, 1767 :

" Saturday 24th (Jan.). — One Patrick Redmond
having been condemned at Cork, in Ireland, to be
hanged for a street robbery, he was accordingly ex-
ecuted, and hung upwards of twenty-eight minutes,
when the mob carried off the body to a place appointed,
where he was, after five or six hours, actually reco-
vered by a surgeon, and who made the incision in his
windpipe called bronchotomy, which produced the de-
sired effect. The poor fellow has since received his
pardon, and a genteel collection has been made for
him."

C.R.

I would refer your correspondent 2., who has
put a Query whether persons who have suffered
execution by hanging have outlived the infliction,
to a case of a woman named Anne Green, which
appears to be authenticated upon the most un-
equivocal testimony of two very estimable au-
thors. The event to which I allude is described
in Dr. Robert Plot's History of Oxfordshire, folio,
Oxford, 1705, p. 201.; and also in the Physico-
Theology of Rev. W. Derham, F.R.S., 3rd edit.,
8vo., London, 1714, p. 157. The above-mentioned
Anne Green was executed at Oxford, December 14,
1650.

I will not trespass upon your space, which
appears pretty well occupied, with a lengthened
detail from the authors pointed out, as their
works are to be found in most libraries ; and
thinking Polonius's observation that " brevity is
the soul of wit " may be more extensively applied
than to what relates to fancy and imagination. I
would, however, crave one word, which is, that
you would suggest to your correspondents gene-
rally, that in referring to works they would give,

as distinctly as possible, the heads of the title, the
name of the author, the edition, if more than one,
the place of publication, date, and page. I have
experienced much loss of time from incorrect and
imperfect references, not to mention complete dis-
appointment in many instances, which I trust may
plead my apology for this remark.* r.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

A Stereoscopic Note. — I possess a small volume en-
titled A Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural
Things, by T. H., B. B., Fellow of the Royal Society,
1688. " To which are subjoined, by way of Appendix,
some uncommon observations about vitiated sight."
In this strange appendix, one of the uncommon ob-
servations is worth the notice of your correspondents
who write on stereoscopic subjects. I give you an ex-
tract from it :

" It has been of late the opinion of very learned men,
that though both our eyes are open, and turned to-
wards an object, yet 'tis but one of them at a time that
is effectually employed in giving us the representation
of it : which opinion, in this place where I am writing
but observations, it were not proper to discuss, espe-
cially because what is suppos'd to be observed will
not always uniformly happen, but may vary in par-
ticular persons according to their several customs, and
the constitution of their eyes : for I have, by an experi-
ment purposely made, several times found, that my
two eyes together see an object in another situation
than either of them apart would do." And in giving
instances for and against binocular vision, the author
says : " A yet more considerable instance of such mis-
takes I afterwards had from a noble person, who,
having in a fight, where he play'd the hero, had one of
his eyes strangely shot out by a musquet bullet, that
carne out at his mouth, answered me, that not only he
could not well pour drink out of one vessel into another,
but had broken many glasses by letting them fall out
of his hand, when he thought he had put them into
another's, or set them down upon a table." The whole
book is a very curious one, and I should be obliged if
the Editor of " N. & Q." could tell me who T. H.
was?f J. Lawson Sisson.

Edingthorpe.

Photographic Query. — I think many amateur pho-
tographers would be thankful for plain and simple
directions how to mount their positives on cardboard.
Would the Editor of" N. & Q,." assist us in this?

J. L. S.

Deepening Collodion Negatives. — I have lately been
trying a method of deepening collodion negatives, so
as to render instantaneous impressions capable of being
printed from, which I have found to answer admirably;

[* As our pages are frequently consulted for literary
purposes, the suggestion of I\ is extremely valuable,
and we trust his hints wall be adopted by our nume-
ous correspondents. — En.]

(f The Hon. Robert Boyle.]

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

283

and although it is but a slight modification of Mr.
Ltte's process described in " N. & Q.," it is a very-
important one, and will be found to produce far better
results. The picture having been developed in the usual
way, with a solution of pyrogallic acid, is whitened by
means of Mr. Archer's solution of bichloride of mer-
cury. The plate is then washed with water and a
solution of iodide of cadmium poured on. This con-
verts the white chloride of mercury, which constitutes
the picture, into the yellow iodide, in the same manner
as the solution of iodide of potassium recommended by
Mr. Lyte ; but is much to be preferred, as it pro-
duces a more uniform deposit. The solution of iodide
of potassium dissolves the iodide of mercury as soon as
it is formed, and therefore cannot be left on the plate
until the decomposition of the chloride is complete,
without injury resulting to the picture, as the half-
tones are thereby lost, and those parts over which the
solution first flows become bleached before the other
parts have attained their highest tone ; whereas the
solution of iodide of cadmium may be allowed to re-
main for any length of time on the plate, without any
fear of its injuring the negative. J. Leachman.

Caution to Photographers. — About six months since,
I procured some gun cotton from a chemist which
appeared very good, being quite soluble, and the col-
lodion produced by it was excellent. That which I
did not use I placed in what I believed to be a clean
dry-stopped bottle, and put the bottle in a dark cup-
board. I was much surprised the other day, upon
going to the cupboard, to find the stopper blown out,
and the cotton giving out dense red fumes of nitrous
acid. It appears to me to be almost upon the point
of combustion, and I have, accordingly, placed it under
a bell-glass in a porcelain dish to watch the result.
I feel satisfied, however, that there is some risk, and,
as it may often be near ether, spirits of wine, or other
inflammable chemicals, that caution is necessary not
only in preserving it at home, but especially in its
transmission abroad, which is now done to some extent.

An Amateur.

HrpItoS ta fflinav &uerfe£.

Artesian Wells (Vol. ix., p. 222.). — Wells are
often so called without just pretence to a similarity
with those in Artois, whence this name is derived.
There are some natural springs in the northern
slope of the chalk in Lincolnshire, near the |
Humber, called blow-wells, which may be const- j
dered naturally Artesian. The particular cha- J
racter by which an Artesian well may be known i
is, that the water, if admitted into a tube, will !
rise above the level of the ground in its immediate j
vicinity up to the level of its sources in the basin j
of the district ; this basin being usually gravel,
lying betwixt two strata impervious to water, j
formed by the surrounding hills, and extending I
often over many miles of the earth's surface. If !
we conceive the figure of a large bowl, inclosing a j
somewhat smaller one, the interstice being filled
with gravel, and the rain falling on the earth j

j being collected within such interstice, then this
| interstice being tapped by boring a well, the water
j will rise up from the well to the same height as
it stands in the interstice, or rim of the natural
basin. Such is an Artesian well. Supposing this
huge mineral double bowl to be broken by a geo-
logical fault, the same hydrostatic principle will
act similarly.

The question of preferable put by Stylites
! must be governed by the cui bono. Universal
adoption is forbidden, first, by the absence of a
\ gravelly stratum betwixt two strata impervious to
water ; and secondly, by the excessive expense of
boring to such great depths. Where expense is
I not in excess of the object to be attained, and
where the district is geologically favourable, the
j Artesian wells are preferable to common ones de-
■ rived from natural tanks or water caverns, first,
for the superabundant supply ; secondly, for the
! height to which the water naturally rises above
! the ground ; and thirdly, because boring Artesian
wells, properly so called, does not rob a neigh-
bour's well for your own benefit, afterwards to be
lost when any neighbour chooses to dig a little
deeper than you. This is a matter with which
London brewers are familiar. T. J. Buckton.
Lichfield.

Prior's Epitaph on Himself (Vol. i., p. 482.). —
Mr. Singer quotes an epitaph on " John Carne-
gie," and says it is the prototype of Prior's epitaph
on himself. I have looked among Prior's poems
for this epitaph, and have not been able to dis-
cover anything that can be said to answer Mr.
Singer's description of it. Would your corre-
spondent oblige me with a copy of the epitaph to
which he alludes ? My edition of Prior is a very
old one ; and this may account for the omission, if
such it be. Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

[The following is a copy of the epitaph:

" Nobles and heralds, by your leave,

Here lies what once was Matthew Prior,
The son of Adam and of Eve ;

Can Bourbon or Nassau claim higher ? ""]

Handwriting (Vol. viii., p. 639.). — In your
concluding Number of last year, E. B. requested
information as to any work in English, French,
German, or Spanish, giving a standard alphabet
for the various kinds of writing now in use, with
directions for teaching the same. I fear I shall
not satisfy all your correspondent's inquiries ; but
the following may be of some service. I have in
my possession a German work, nearly of the kind
he requires. The title is, Grundliche Anweisung
zum Schonschreiben, by Martin Schiissler, Wies-
baden, 1820. It is of an oblong shape, and con-
sists entirely of engraved plates, in number thirty-
two. It begins with some directions for the form

284

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 230.

and inclination of letters ; then follows an explan-
ation of five rules for writing, which are given in
the German handwriting. After exhausting the
"German, the author proceeds to English letters
and handwriting, followed by engrossing hand.
Then he gives the fractur, or black-letter charac-
ters, with some elaborate and beautiful capitals.
He next gives specimens of French handwriting,
and ends with Greek current hand, and plates of
larjre capitals of ornamental patterns ; all different.
If this work would at all answer the purpose of
E. B., and he would wish to see it, it shall be sent
to him by post on his giving his address to the
•writer, whose card is enclosed. F. C. H.

I have in my possession for sale, a scarce old
•work, folio, a good clean copy of Geo. Bickman's
Universal Penman, 1733 ; with numerous engrav-
ings. D. H. Stkahan.

10. Winsly Street, Oxford Street.

|" Begging the Question " (Vol. viii., p. 640. ;
Vol. ix., p. 136.). — It may interest your logical
readers to be informed of the fact that this fallacy
was called the petition of the principle, this being,
of course, a literal rendering of the Latin phrase.
The earliest English work on logic in which I
have found this Latinism is, The Arte of Logike,
plainelie set foorth in our English Tongue, easie
both to be understoode and practised, 1584. Here
occurs the following passage :

" Now of the default of Logike, called Sophisme.
It is eyther {g£gjjj- The generall are those which
cannot be referred to any part of Logike. They are

pvthpr /Becgins of the question, called the petition of the principle.
coiner ^BraKging of no pr?of

Begging of the question is when nothing is brought
to prooue, but the question, or that which is as
doubtfull."

C. Mansfield Ingleby.
Birmingham.

When and where does Sunday begin or endf
(Vol. ix., p. 198.). — The Christian festival, com-
monly called Sunday, named by the ancient church
" The Lord's Day," because that thereon the re-
surrection was accomplished, and the new crea-
tion, the work of Messias, commenced, this feast,
I say, begins at six o'clock in the evening of
Saturday, the last day of the week, at the close of
that Hebrew fast ; and the end of Sunday arrives
at six o'clock in the evening of that first day of
the week. When time was measured out, the
count began with "the evening," which was
created first; and which, with the succeeding
morning, reckoned as the first day.

H. OF MoRWENSTOW.

This "question has been, to a certain extent,
before debated by Mr. Johnson in his addenda to
his Clergyman's Vade Mecum, pp. 106, 107., and
Ecclesiastical Law, as quoted by Wheatly, who

combated his reasoning of Sunday beginning at
six o'clock on the Saturday evening. Johnson
rests his argument upon Deuteronomy xvi. 6.,
where the sacrifice of the passover is ordered " at
even, on the going down of the sun;" upon
Exodus xii. 6., where the whole " congregation of
Israel shall kill it in the evening;" and I think
he might have also taken Genesis i. 5., " And the
evening and the morning were the first day."
Johnson says that

" The Church of England has divided her nights
and days according to the Scriptural, not the civil
account : and that though our civil day begins from
midnight, yet our ecclesiastical day begins at six in
the evening . . . The proper time for vesper, or even-
ing song, is six of the clock, and from that time the
religious day begins."

Wheatly admits that " the festival is not past
till evensong is ended," but does not agree to
its commencing on the preceding evensong ; for
if it does, he cannot reconcile the rubric at the
end of the Table of Vigils.

On the whole, I think Johnson has the best of
the argument : and that Sunday begins ecclesi-
astically at six in the evening on Saturday ; civilly,
at midnight. K. J. S.

Precious Stones (Vol. viii., p. 539. ; Vol. ix.,
pp. 37. 88.). — Respecting precious stones, some
information may be gleaned from the notes to
Sir John Hill's translation of Theophrastus' His-
tory of Stones (8vo., 2nd edit., London, 1774).

J.M.

Oxford.

Scotch Grievance (Vol. ix., p. 160.). — Your
correspondents refer to coins of a period when the
Scotch do not complain. Their grievance, as
alleged, is as to the mode of bearing the lion since
the Union in 1707 ; to which the instances quoted,
between the time of James I. and William III.,
have no reference. G.

" Corporations have no Souls," 8fC. (Vol. viii.,
p. 587.). — The following, which I extract from
Hone's Table- Book, is probably the remark to
which your correspondent B. alludes :

" Mr. Howel Walsh, in a corporation case tried at
the Tralee assizes, observed that a corporation cannot
blush. It was a body, it was true ; had certainly a
head — a new one every year — an annual acquisition
of intelligence in every new lord mayor. Arms he
supposed it had, and long ones too, for it could reach
at anything. Legs, of course, when it made such long
strides. A throat to swallow the rights of the com-
munity, and a stomach to digest them ! But who ever
yet discovered, in the anatomy of any corporation,
either bowels or a heart ? "

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Mae. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

285

Devereux Boidy (Vol. ix., p. 173.). — In reply
to Uneda's inquiry, Devereux Bowly, watch-
maker, of Lombard Street, London, died Mar. 15,
1773, in his seventy-eighth year.

He was a member of the Society of Friends,
and being at the time of his decease a widower,
and without family, he left a large portion of his
property to their school, then at Clerkenwell, in
the neighbourhood of which he resided. T. S. N".

Reversible Names (Vol. viii., pp. 244. 655.). —
There is a gentleman in this island who bears the
name and surname of Xuaved Devaux, which are
mutually reversible. Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Your correspondent Balliolensis, in speaking
of reversible or palindromic English names, seems
to have overlooked the names of Hannah and
Anna. X.

Duval Family (Vol. viii., pp. 318. 423.). — A
grant was made by the crown in Ireland on the
4th July, 1 James II., to Garret Wall, alias Du-
vall, sen., Esq. ; Garret Wall, alias Duvall, jun. ;
Jas. Wall, alias Duvall; and Michael Wall of the
manor, town, and lands of Culenemucky, co. Wa-
terford. J. F. Ferguson.

Member of Parliament electing Himself (Vol.
viii., p. 586.). — In the article forwarded by
H. M. are many gross errors. William M'Leod
Bannatyne, Esq., was Sheriff of Buteshire from
Dec. 22, 1775, till May 28, 1799 ; during which
period there were only two county elections in
Buteshire, viz. April 22, 1784, and June 27, 1796
(the counties of Bute and Caithness being repre-
sented only in alternate parliaments), and on
neither of those occasions was he the sole free-
holder present. The statement in question can
therefore only refer to the election on Nov. 13,
1806, when, owing to some accidental circum-
stances, he was the only freeholder present. In
1799 he was raised to the Bench of the Court of
Session by the title of Lord Bannatyne ; and con-
sequently he neither did nor could act as sheriff
seven years after he ceased to hold that office. It
is true that, as a technical formality, he nominated
himself chairman of the meeting to enable him to
sign the minute of the election in that capacity ;
but it is not true that he either administered the
oaths to himself, or signed the return of the elec-
tion as sheriff. I was then a lad, and was present
as a spectator on that occasion, when I saw Mr.
Blain the sheriff-substitute administer the oaths to
Lord Bannatyne ; and, of course, Mr. Blain also
made the election return, certifying that "the
Honorable James Stuart Wortley Mackenzie of
Rosehaugh, &c. (a relation of the family of Bute)
had been duly elected." Thus you see that the
title of the article is quite erroneous, and is not

even borne out by the original account, as the
freeholder did not elect himself, but another per-
son ; and he did not act in any other capacity than
that of a freeholder : the case being extraordinary
enough of only one freeholder attending at a
county election, without the addition of those
marvellous circumstances. J. M'K.

Gresebroli, in Yorkshire (Vol. viii., p. 389.). : —
To assist your correspondent 'HpaxSmos, I may
tell him that the family he inquires about now
resides at Horton Castle and Audenham in Staf-
fordshire. Many years ago, when I took some
interest in genealogy, I had the pleasure of being
a guest of this family ; and I then heard it said,
that they could trace a very ancient and brilliant
line from one Osbert, who married a great heiress
at the Conquest, and that they were direct de-
scendants of the ancient kings of England. Some
of Mr. Burke's publications I think would assist
'HpaAdiKos ; not having them by me, I cannot give
the exact reference ; but some months ago I saw,
either in the Landed Gentry, or in the Visitations,
a note of the family.* But I think, if your cor-
respondent could by any means see Mr. Graze-
brooke's papers (as above noted), he would obtain
all the particulars he may require. Hospes.

Charlotte Street, London.

Sir Anthony Fitzherbert not Chief Justice (Vol.
viii., pp. 576. 631.). — The accompanying extract
will resolve the difficulty which M. W. 11. pro-
poses :

" But here our author objects against himself: That
once upon a time the archbishop called a synod by his
own authority, without the king's licence ; and was
thereupon prohibited by Fitzherbert, Lord Chief Jus-
tice ; but the archbishop regarded not his prohibition.
What this is to his purpose I cannot tell, nor do I see
wherefore he brought it in, unless it were to blame
Rolle for quoting Speed for it. And therefore, in be-
half of both, I shall take the liberty to say thus much.
That I know not what harm it is for a man in his own
private collections — for such Itolle's Abridgment was,
though afterwards thought worthy of a public view —
to note a memorable passage of history, and make a
remark of his own upon it, out of one of the most
faithful and judicious of all our modern historians.

" I have before taken notice of this passage, and that
not from Speed, but from Roger Hoveden ; from

[* Ferdinando Smith, Esq., of Halesowen, born
March 26, 1779, a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant,
and Lieut.-Colonel of the Worcester Militia, married
first, in July, 1802, Eloisa Knudson, who died s.p.
Sept. 14, 1805 ; and, secondly, Oct. 5, 1830, Elizabeth,
fourth daughter of Michael Grazebrook, Esq., of Aud-
nam, co. Stafford, by whom he left two surviving sons,
Ferdinando Dudley Lea, now of Halesowen, and Wil-
liam Lea, born Feb. 27, 1836. Colonel Smith died
July 20, 1841. — Burke's Landed Gentry, p. 1248. —
Ed.]

286

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

whom I suppose Speed may also have taken the rela-
tion. I shall therefore only beg to set this gentle-
man, to whom all our historians are I doubt equally
unknown, right in two particulars; by telling him,
that neither was Filzherbert the man who prohibited the
archbishop, neither was he Chief Justice when he did it.
His name was Geoffrey Fitz-Peter. He was Earl of
Essex, and a very eminent man in those days ; and his
place was much greater than this author represents it ;
even Lord Justice of England, which he was first
made by King Richard, anno 1198; and held in the
King's absence to his death, anno 1213; in which
year King John, going over into France, constituted
Peter, Bishop of Winchester, Lord Justice in his
place." — Wake's Authority of Christian Princes as-
serted, pp. 284-6.

Wm. Fbaser, B.C.L.
Tor-Mohun.

The Privileges of the See of Canterbury
(Vol. viii., p. 56.). — A3 no one lias yet volun-
teered to solve Mr. Fraser's question, How the
letter of Pope Boniface ordaining that, however
human circumstances might he changed, the city of
Canterbury should ever thereafter be esteemed
the metropolitan see, can be reconciled with the
creation of the archiepiscopal see of Westminster,
— I may suggest as a solution this maxim :

" Nihil tarn conveniens est naturali a?quitati, unum-
quodque dissolvi eo ligamine quo ligatum est."

It is possible, too, that Pope Pius IX. may have
Considered that a case had arisen for applying this
principle, —

" Necessitas publica major est quam privata."

But be this as it may (and you will excuse me in
observing, by the way, that I do not concur in the
correctness of this hypothetical view if taken by
his holiness), I hope we shall hear from Mr.
Fraser whether the former of the above maxims
has been effectual to remove his difficulties, which,
as I presume from their insertion in " N. & Q.,"
are not of a purely theological nature.

Respondens.

Chauncy or Chancy (Vol. ix., p. 126.). — Your
correspondent J. Y. will find an account of Charles
Chauncey, B.D., and Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge, born in 1589, and died in 1671, in
vol. iii. p. 451. of Brook's Lives of the Puritans.
See also Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary.

'AXuvs.

Dublin.

"Three cats" Sfc. (Vol. ix., p. 173.). — Miss
Bockett wishes for the remainder of the " old
ballad" beginning with "Three cats;" and I beg
to inform her, that there never was any more than
what she mentions. The object of the singer was,
to cause fun by an elaborately modulated cadenza
on the word coal-dust, and then to call on the com-

pany to join in chorus. He next continued with
some significant word, as " notwithstanding ;" and,
after a pause of some bars rest, he went on with
" Three cats," as before, ad infinitum, changing the
initial word each time. It required some tact to
give it effect ; but, if sung by a clever humorist,
was sure to keep the room in a roar of laughter.
But its day is gone by. Grimalkin.

Halliwell, in his Collection of Nursery Rhymes,
does not mention " Three cats by the fire-side,"
&c. ; but I have in my possession several not
named by him, and " Three cats," &c. amongst
the number, which I have much pleasure in tran-
scribing for the benefit of Julia R. Bockett's
ancient friend :

" Three cats sat by the fire-side,
In a basket full of coal-dust,
One cat said to the other
In fun, pell mell, ' Queen Anne's dead.'
' Is she,' said Grimalkin, ' then I'll reign queen in

her stead,'
Then up, up, up, they flew up the chimney."

Anon.

Probably this is the song of ■ The Turnspits : "

" Two little dogs sat by the fire-side,
In a basket full of coal-dust;
Says one little dog to the other little dog,
' If you don't go in, I must.' "

N.B. — Into the wheel. Smokejack.

Officers of Charles I. (Vol. ix., p. 74.). — Sir
T. Metcalfe mentions, as among the " curious
stray sheets" in his possession, "a list of all the
gentlemen and officers who fell in the cause of
Charles I." As I have long wished to see a list of
King Charles's officers, but have never, as yet,
met with anything like a complete catalogue of
those who fell, or of those who survived, it would
be interesting to me, as I doubt not it would be
interesting to many of your readers, to see this
" curious stray sheet " transferred to the pages of
" N. & Q."

Can you refer me to any published, or other-
wise accessible, list of the officers who fought
against Charles I., whether by sea or land ?

Is there any printed list of officers at the time
of the Restoration ?

D. O. M. (Vol. iii., p. 173.; Vol. ix., p. 137.).
— Would R. W. D. state his reasons for rendering
these letters " Datur omnibus mori ? " Such an
inscription would of course be a propos in the case
of a tombstone ; but the ordinary interpretation,
" Deo Optimo Maximo," would likewise be fitting,
and it is not probable that the same initials should
have two distinct meanings. W. M. N.

Whitewashing in Churches (Vol. ix., p. 148.). —
Mr. Hudson Turner informs us {Domestic Archi-

Mak. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

287

tecture in England, vol. i. p. 246.) that as early as
the thirteen tli century the practice of white-
washing buildings was universal ; and that " the
process, so vehemently denounced by modern an-
tiquaries, was liberally applied also to ecclesias-
tical edifices." William Kelly.
Leicester.

Mr. Hudson Turner says :

" We are not to consider the practice of whitewash-
ing stonework as a vice peculiar to modern times. Our
ancestors had as great an objection to the natural sur-
face of stone, whether in churches or other buildings,
as any churchwardens or bricklayers of the nineteenth
century. Several writs of Henry III. are extant, di-
recting the Norman Chapel in the Tower to be white-
washed. Westminster Hall was whitewashed for the
coronation of Edward I. ; and many other ancient
examples might be cited. In fact it seems to have
been the rule to plaster ordinary stonework." — Do-
mestic Architecture in England, p. xxvi.

A far earlier instance of the practice appears in
Deuteronomy xxvii. 2.

K.'s question, however, is scarcely answered by
the above, as it cannot be supposed that delicate
sculpture was clogged with whitewash until it be-
came obnoxious on religious grounds. C. R. M.

Enfield Church (Vol. viii., p. 352.). — Your cor-
respondent is quite wrong as to the date of this
building. The nave is separated from the north
and south aisles by an arcade of five arches of
undoubted Middle Pointed work ; not later than
the beginning of the fourteenth century, to which
date also belongs the east window of the chancel :
the " clere-story," which has the device of a rose
and wing (not ring), is probably of the date
assigned to the whole church by your correspon-
dent. The south aisle was much altered about
forty years ago, the windows of which are a bad
imitation of those in the north aisle. In making
alterations to the chancel in 1852, the piscina, and
a portion of the sedilia, a drawing of which is
given in The Builder, vol. x. p. 797., with a win-
dow over, were brought to light. They belong to
the First Pointed period, or about the latter part
of the twelfth century ; clearly showing that a
portion, at least, of the church is of the last-men-
tioned date.

I have always understood that the wing and
rose, on the walls of the clere-story, was the cog-
nizance of Abbot Wingrose of Waltham.

Jas. P. St. Aubyn.

Coin of Carausius (Vol. ix., p. 148.). — C. G. is
right in considering his coin as of Carausius, who
reigned from 1040 to 1046 a.u.c. I would sug-
gest p. f. for Pius Felix, as preferable to p. p.

The dates will show that the letters mlxxi
have nothing to do with the year 1071. On other
coins of Carausius we find the signs ml, Moneta

Londinensis, or Moneta Londini (percussa) ; and
msl, Moneta signata Londini. These interpre-
tations are justified by analogy with the Roman
coins, and by the signs on coins of Constantine,
msl, which must be interpreted as on the coins of
Carausius, mlon, and mln, Moneta Londini {per-
cussa). The abbreviation ln for lon is analogous
to rv for Ravenna, which is undoubted.

As for the letters xxi, they occur very fre-
quently, either alone or with others, on coins of
Aurelian and his successors. They have evi-
dently relation to the value of the coin, and are
replaced by the Greek letters KA, which have the
same numerical value, on coins of Diocletian, &c.
As analogous signs, I may quote lxxii and OB,
the corresponding Greek letters, on amei respec-
tively of Constantine and Valentinian, showing
the amews-=TV of a pound ; lx on silver coins of
Constantius= gL °f a pound ; and xcvi on denarii
of Diocletian = -^ of a pound.

It has not yet been explained, however, in what
relation these copper coins stood to the others, so
as to justify the xxi, unless Mommsen may have
done so in a book I have not seen, Ueber den
V erf all des Munzwesens in der Kaiser zeit, 1851.
See for the particulars of the above-cited coins,
Pinder and Friedlander's Beitrdge zur Munz-
kunde, p. 17. and following. W. H. Scott.

Torquay.

Society for Burning the Dead (Vol.ix., p. 76.).—

" The Pioneer Metropolitan Association for Pro-
moting the Practice of Decomposing the Dead by the
Agency of Fire. W. H. Newman, Hon. Sec, to
whom all communications are to be addressed, post
paid, at the City of London Mechanics' Institute,
Gould Square, Crutched Friars, or at 7. Cleveland
Street, Mile End Road.

" January, 1850.
* Arthur Trevelvan,
" Associate."

Anon.

Map of Dublin (Vol. ix., p. 171.). — Your
querist C. H. will be shown with pleasure, at my
house, a very ancient map of Dublin, styled " An
Exact Copy of a Map of the City and Harbour of
Dublin, from a Survey by John Rocque." There
is no date to it, but I observe that the street
I live in was called " Fleet Alley."

John H. Powell.

15. Westmoreland Street, Dublin.

Pettifogger (Vol. vii., p. 354.). — One who
" would cast a mist before," and around, his
clients. He makes it his constant practice to raise
a " petty-fog."

" And thus much for this cloud, I cannot say rather
than petty-fog of witnesses, with which Episcopal men
would cast a mist before us, to deduce their exalted

288

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

Episcopacy from Apostolick Times." — Milton, of Pre-
latical Episcopacy, Ed. Col. Amst., 1698, vol. i. p. 245.

Is not this a more probable origin of the word
than the pettivogueur of our etymologists ? And
Mr. Keightley will, I am sure, permit me to
suggest that it is a derivation at least as obvious
and expressive as petty folker. William Beal.

Brooke Vicarage, Norfolk.

Views in London oy Canaletto (Vol. ix., p. 106.).

— In reply to the Query of your correspondent
Gondola, I beg to say that I have long had the
pleasure of possessing one of Canaletto's London
views, that of the Thames from the Temple
Gardens, in which the hand that painted gondolas
and masks may be traced in Thames wherries and
grave Templars. I believe there are others in the
collections of the Dukes of Buccleugh and Nor-
thumberland. Edmund Phipps.

Park Lane.

During the residence of Antonio Canaletto at
Venice, he painted a number of pictures, at low
prices, for Joseph Smith, Esq., the British consul ;
but that gentleman retailed those paintings at an
enormous profit to English travellers. Canaletto
finding this out, was induced to visit a country
where his talents were so much appreciated. He
accordingly came to England in the year 1746,
being then about fifty years of age. He remained
with us six or seven years (not two, as stated by
Walpole), and during that period received great
encouragement from the English nobility. His
delineations of London and its environs, especially
those of Thames scenery (of which he seems to
have been very fond), are deservedly admired.
Two of these are at Goodwood, and another (Par-
liament Street, looking towards Charing Cross) is
in the Buccleuch Collection. Several London
paintings were, at the beginning of the present
century, in the possession of the Hon. Percy
Wyndham. Some others are to be found in the
royal collections, and in those of many noblemen
and gentlemen of fortune.

Edward F. Rimbault.

London Fortifications (Vol. ix., pp. 174. 207.).

— During the last civil war a fortification was
erected at the Brill Farm, near old St. Pancras
Church, where, 120 years after, Somers Town was
built. A view of it is extant, and may be obtained
for a few shillings. The Brill is also stated to
have been a Roman station, but, I believe, without
foundation. G. J. S.

Tavistock Terrace, Holloway.

What Day is it at our Antipodes f (Vol. viii.,
pp. 102. 649.). — After the able way in which this
subject has been treated by A.E. B., I will only

add an extract from A Complete System of Geo-
graphy, by Emanuel Bowen, London, 1747, vol. iii.
p. 250.:

" One thing more is worth ohserving concerning
this place (Macao), namely, that the Portuguese
Sunday here is the Saturday with the Spaniards of the
Philippine Islands, and so forward through all the
days of the week, although there be scarce any differ-
ence in the longitude of both places. But the reason
is, the Portuguese, in coming to Europe, pass east-
ward, whereas the Spaniards, coming from America,
pass westward ; so that between both, they have sailed
round the globe : in doing which there is necessarily
one day lost, as we have taken occasion to show in the
introduction to this work."

John P. Stilwell.

Dorkinjr.

MtectTlHixtawi.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

When Dr. Ure tells us that from the year 1804,
when he conducted the schools of chemistry and ma-
nufactures in the Andersonian Institution, up to the
present day, he has been assiduously engaged in the
study and improvement of most of the chemical, and
many of the mechanical, arts ; that during that period
he has been habitually consulted professionally by
proprietor* of factories, workshops, and mines, to
rectify what was amiss in their establishments, and to
supply what was wanting, he shows clearly how great
were his qualifications for the preparation of A Dic-
tionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, containing a.
clear exposition of their principles and practice : and it
is therefore little wonder that a work undertaken with
such advantages should have reached what is now
before us, a " fourth edition, corrected and greatly en-
larged." Dr. Ure has, in this edition, turned to good
account the many novelties of an interesting and useful
nature first displayed in the Great Exhibition, and
his two portly volumes may be consulted with ad-
vantage not only by manufacturers and professional
men, but by lawyers, legislators, and, in short, all who
take an interest in those achievements of science to
which this great country owes its pre-eminence.

Unnoticed by reviewers, and unaided by favour or
influence, Mr. Keightley tells us that his Mythology of
Ancient Greece and Italy has reached its third edition.
So much the better, for it proves that the book has
merits of its own, and those merits have won for it a
place which will keep Mr. Keightley's name in me-
mory as long as a love for classical literature and taste-
ful learning remains; and this, we suspect, will be
longer than Mr. Keightley anticipates. As the success
which has attended this valuable and original exposition
of classical mythology renders it unnecessary to say
one word as to its merits, we may content ourselves
with stating that this edition has been carefully re-
vised, has received numerous additions, and, although
it is beautifully got up, is published at a lower price
than its predecessor.

Mail 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

289

The children of Lady Falmouth are blessed with a
mother who possesses that invaluable gift, the art of
making learning a pleasure ; and we doubt not many
a loving mother will be glad to find her labours light-
ened by the recently published Conversations on Geo-
graphy, or the Child's first introduction to where He is,
what He is, and what else there is, by Viscountess Fal-
mouth, Baroness Le Despencer. These conversations
strongly remind one of Mrs. Marcet's, and we can give
them no higher praise.

Whatever difference of opinion may exist as to the
partial or impartial character of M. de Custine's work
upon Russia, it contains much matter which will be
read at the present important crisis with considerable
interest ; and in reprinting it in their Traveller's Li-
brary, at a price which will place it within the reach of
all classes of readers, Messrs. Longman have taken
steps for securing to Russia by M. De Custine a
wide-spread popularity.

Our valued correspondent Mr. Singer has kindly
sent us a copy of a little offering to the manes of
Shakspeare and Tieck, of which he has printed a few
copies for private distribution. It is The Midsummer
Night, or Shakspeare and the Fairies, from the German
of Ludwig Tieck, by Mary C. Itumsay. The work,
one of exuberant fancy, was written when Tieck was
only sixteen, but only published by his friend Bulow
in 1851. It is translated with great ability; and we
regret, for the sake of the many who would wish to
possess it, that Mr. Singer did not carry out his
original intention, and publish it in aid of the funds
for the monument to Tieck.

The Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology, No. I.,
March, 1854, is the first of a very valuable periodical,
the nature and object of which are plainly indicated
by its title. One very useful feature is its Con-
tents of Foreign Journals, in which it records all the
important contributions on sacred and classical philo-
logy inserted in the chief periodicals of the Continent.

We have before us the publications of The Arundel
Society, or Society for Promoting the Knowledge of the Fine
Arts, for the fourth year : and they are indeed of a na-
ture to effect the great object for which the Society was
instituted. They consist of eight engravings on wood
from drawings made by Mr. Williams, who was sent by
the Society to Padua expressly for the purpose, from
the frescos of Giotto in the Arena Chapel. The
woodcuts have been executed by Messrs. Dalziel. With
the rest of these prints will be issued a short descrip-
tion of the chapel and its frescos, prepared by Mr.
Buskin.

The Second Part of Mr. Netherclift's Autograph
Miscellany contains fac-similes of the original deposi-
tions of their marriage by James II. and Anne Hyde ;
of an original letter from Luther to Cromwell, after-
wards Earl of Essex ; of a letter from Glover, Somer-
set Herald, to the Earl of Leicester ; and of that
portion of Sterne's Sentimental Journey in which is
related the episode of" The Dead Ass."

The success which has attended the publication of
Miss Burney's Diary, or, to give the work its more
correct title, The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Ar-
blay, has induced Mr. Colburn to commence a new
edition of it in seven three-shilling volumes.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Chicle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo.

*»• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mit. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, aud whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

London Labour and the London Poor. 44 various Numbers,

several of many of them.
Knight's National Cyclopaedia. 32 Parts.
Almanack of the Month, by Gilbert A. A'Beckett. Jan., Feb.,

June, Sept., and Dec, 1846.

Wanted by Geo. Newbold, 8. Regent Street, Vauxhall Road.

An Essay Explanatory of the Tempest Prognosticator in
the Building of Cheat Exhibition. The last edition.

Wanted by J. T. C.% care of Messrs. M'Gee & Co., Nassau
Street, Dublin.

The Family Instructor, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford,

Talboys.
Allan Ramsay's Tea-Tabi.e Miscellany. 1724.
Hazlitt's Select Poets of Great Britain. 1825.
The Lady's Poetical Magazine, or Beauties of British Poets.

4 Vols. London, 1781.
The Hive, containing Vol. I. First Edition. 1724.
London Magazine. Vols, after the year 1763.

Wanted by Fred. Hinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Evans's Old Ballads. Vol. I. 1810.

Any of the Sermons, Tracts, &c, by the late Rev. A. G. Jewitt.
History of Lincoln, by A. Jewitt.

Howitt's Gipsy King, and other Poems. Either one or two
copies.

Wanted by R. Keene, Bookseller, Irongate, Derby.

Henry's (Philip) Life, by Sir J. B. Williams. Royal 8vo.
Wanted by T. Barcham, Bookseller, Reading.

Fresenius' Quantitative Analysis. Last Edition.
Wanted by Smith, Elder, % Co., 65. Cornhill.

Two Volumes of Plates to Glossary of Architecture.
Parker, Oxford. 1850.

Wanted by Ed. Appleton, Torquay.

&aiitt& ta (tLavvtstpaixtimtsS.

In consequence of the great length o/Mr. Winthrop's valuable
communication, and of the number of articles waiting for inser-
tion, we have this week the pleasure of presenting our readers
with an extra eight pages.

We are compelled to postpone until next week Replies to several
Correspondents and Notices of several books.

An Old F.A.S.. F.R.S., F.S.A. We have not pet been
favoured with a reply to our request for the name of this Corre-
spondent, who states that " he selected the Eyre drawings from a
large mass of papers " in 1847, and " is satisfied they are authentic
drawings." We therefore repeal our request.

Mathew, a Cornish Family (Vol. ix., p. 22.) Excuse my

troubling you again about real names, but it is extraordinary
how shy some men seem to be of their cognomen and habitat.
In a late Number, p. 222., B. of Birkenhead asks about the
family of Mathew. A great-great-grandmother of mine was of
that Devon family, and 1 should be delighted to learn more than.
.1 know of her, and perhaps B. of Birkenhead might instruct me.
Do try to draw him from his cover. H. T. Ellacombe.

Rectory, Clyst St. George, Topsham, Devon.

290

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

Zeta. For notices of Mother Shipton, see " N. & Q.," Vol. v.,
p. 419.

C. W. B. Is our Correspondent quite certain there was a
naval engagement, as the words of the pedigree simply state that
he was on board when he died, in command of a body of Marines ?

J. D . The wedge-shaped baths of glass, originally recommended
by Mr. Archer, are certainly the best. They are economical in
use and very cleanly. They may, no doubt, be procured from Mr.
Archer. The one we have in use we got at Hockin's. There is
little doubt that if, when properly constructed, they were told at
a reasonable price, they would entirely supersede baths of gutta
percha.

B. P. (Warrington). We have often answered the question
before. Precipitate the silver in the form of a chloride by means
of common salt ; put this into a crucible with twice or thrice the
quantity of common carbonate of soda. The crucible bring ex-
posed to a strong heat, the metallic silver will form in a button at
the bottom of the crucible. 2. Use a bath of thirty grains of
nitrate of silver to the ounce, and drop into it a few drops of nitric
acid, sufficient to turn litmus paper red. 3. A glass bath is far
preferable to gutta percha.

E.W. (A Beginner). 1. In all printing of positives it is needful
to salt the paper ; when albumenixed paper is used, it is combined
with the albumen. 2. We have for many reasons entirely dis-
carded the ammonio-nitrate of silver. We have seen very few
positives produced by it which are permanent. 3. Set d'or causes
a sort of plum colour, which is much admired by some ; intensity
of light alone will not produce certain tints. We have met with
unijurm success by trusting to the formula given in "N.& Q."
by Dr. Diamond (Vol. viii., p. 324.), and its ease in manipula-
tion has alone much to recommend it. 4. Proofs should be left
in the hypo, until they are quite clear and transparent when held
up to the light, looking like a piece of Chinese rice-paper. They
at first change to a reddish-brown upon immersion, but if suffi-
ciently printed that soon departs and becomes a very rich tint,
the. thin Canson's paper giving the best. As a beginner we will
forward you a small specimen of the colour obtained.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. Gd., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price Al. is For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

This Day is published, ftp. 8vo., 2s. 6cl. cloth.

THE GREAT SACRIFICE;
or, THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO
LEVITICUS. By the REV. JOHN CUM-
MING, D.D.

*** This forms the First COMPANION
VOLUME to the SABBATH MORNING
READINGS.

London : JOHN F. SHAW, Southampton
Row, and Paternoster Row.

HAMILTON and the PIANO-
FORTE. — Just published, the Fifty-
Second Edition of this extraordinarily popular
Author's MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for
the PIANOFORTE, newly revised and greatly
enlarged by CARL CZERNY (pupil of Beet-
hoven). Large music folio, 62 pages, price
only 4s.

Also, by the Same,

HAMILTON'S MODERN

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SINGING. Large
music folio, 5s.

May he ordered of all music-sellers and
booksellers.

London i ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bur-
lington Street, Music Publishers to the
Queen.

SIR HENRY BISHOP'S NEW
BALLADS. Words by J. E. CARPEN-
TER, ESQ. " Her bright Smile haunts me
■till." "He deems that I can love again,"
2s. 6d. each ; " On the Banks of a beautiful
River," " The mother's last Farewell," 2s. each.
Also. " Mourn for the Mighty Dead," words
by DR. MACKAY, 2s. The same for four
voices, 3s.

London : ROBERT COCKS Si CO., New Bur-
lington Street, and of all Booksellers.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

\TOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the "Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW FRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HTSTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing' Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated bv numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,

M.R.r.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library." — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO, Ave Maria
Lane.

OLIVER CROMWELL. — A
Fac-simile of a Newspaper, published
during the Commonwealth, announcing the
Death of Oliver Cromwell, and reviewing his
Public and Private Life. Price &d., or Free (by
Post) on Receipt of Six Stamps.

KING CHARLES. — A Fac-

simile of a very Curious, Interesting, and
Droll Newspaper of King Charles's Reign,
with a Sheet of Extraordinary Gleanings from
numerous Ancient Newspapers. Price 6d., or
Free (by Post) on Receipt of Six Stamps.
J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court,
Holborn, London.

/CLASSICAL MUSICAL LI-

\ ) BRARY Subscribers are liberally sup-
plied, on loan, with every description of New
Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
at their disposal upwards- of 3.000 volumes,
including the Standard Operas, Italian, Ger-
man, French, and English Songs, and all
kinds of Instrumental Mu>ie. During the
Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the
privilege of selecting — for his own property —
from 100,000 different pieces, 3 Guineas' worth
of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on
application.

JULLIEN & CO., 2H. Regent Street.

TO TOPOGRAPHIC AT- AND ANTIQUA-
RIAN PRINT COLLECTORS.

THARWOOD begs to inform
• the above, that he has a large Collection
of Prints, Topographical and Biographical
Cuttings, Portraits, Arms, and Pedigrees, to
Illustrate any County in England and Wales.
Lists are now ready, and can be had Gratis, for
the Counties of Cumberland, Gloucester, and
North and South Wales, by addressing to
30. MANSFIELD STREET, KINGSLAND
ROAD, LONDON.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 10
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and il. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65, CHEAPSIDE.

/CERTIFICATES IN DRAW-

\J ING are granted to SCHOOLMASTERS
and SCHOOLMISTRESSES, by the DE-
PARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART,
which will enable the holders of them to ob-
tain an Augmentation of Salary from the
Committee of Council for Education.

CLASSES for the INSTRUCTION of
Schoolmasters and Mistresses and Pupil-
Teachers in Freehand and Drawing, Linear
Geometry, Perspective and Model Drawing,
are formed in the Metropolis in the following
places :

1. MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, Pall Mall.-
Meeting on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
and Friday Evenings, from 7 to 9 ; and Satur-
days, from 1 to 3.

2. SPITALFIELDS, Crispin Street. —Meet-
ing on Wednesday and Friday Evenings, from
7 to 9.

3. GORE HOUSE, Kensington. - Meeting
on Monday and Thursday Evenings, from 7
to 9.

FEE for the Session of Five Months, from
March to August, 5s.

For information, and Specimens of the Ex-
amination Papers, apply to the Secretaries of
the Department of Science and Art, Marl-
borough House, Pall Mall, London.

Entire Stock of the Publications of the
Shakspeare Society ; County Histories, and
other Important Works.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room,
191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, March 20,
and two following days, the ENTIRE RE-
MAINING STOCK of PUBLICATIONS of
the SHAKSPEARE SOCIETY, consisting of
complete sets, and the separate Volumes ar-
ranged in series and otherwise ; also.Ormerod's
Cheshire. 3 vols, large paper, subscription copy,
uncut ; Hutchins's Dorsetshire, 4 vols, calf,
gilt; Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, 3 vols,
in 5, superb copy, russia extra ; Whitaker's
Leeds and Richmond shire, 4 vols, large paper;
Nichols's BibliothecaBritannicaTopogra .ph iea,
8 vols, fine copy, uncut, very rare ; Nichols's
Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, 8
vols. ; Nichols's Leicestershire, 7 vols, uncut ;
Manning and Bray's Surrey, 3 vols. ; J. M. W.
Turner's Yorkshire Views, proofs, eight copies;
half-bound ; Stothard's Monumental Effigies,

2 vols, largest paper, the arms finely painted
by Dowse ; Dibdin's Spencer Catalogue, 7 vols.
complete, iarge paper : Clarendon's Rebellion,

3 vols, large paper, splendidly illustrated with
rare Engravings (from the Stowe Library) ;
Rogers's Imitations of Drawings, 2 vols, half
russia : Gentleman's Magazine, complete to
1850, and several sets from 1808 to 1850 : a few
Remainders of interesting Works, including
the privately printed Catalogue of ft vols, of
valuable Manuscripts, late in the Collection of
Dawson Turner, Esq. ; Haweis's Sketches of
the Reformation, &c.

Catalogues will be sent on application ; if in
the Country, on receipt of four stamps.

Mar. 25. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

291

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,

168. New Bond Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
— OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manu-
factory, 24 & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
Road. Islington. OTTE WILL'S Registered
Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A.
ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn j the
Photographic Institution, Bond Street : and
at the Manufactory as above, where every de-
scription of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may
be had. The Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

riOLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent.on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

pHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF

\J SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with priees, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CnUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
iet Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

ARUNDEL SOCIETY. — The
Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3),
consisting of E'ght Wood Engravings by
MESSRS. DALZIEL. from Mr. W. Oliver
Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
at PADUA, is now ready : and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions are requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN J. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

SURPLICES.

GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton,
Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of
EASTER.

PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
Stations.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

W. Freeman,

F. Fuller, Esq.

J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
tooi.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age £ s. d. I Age £ s. d.

17 . . . 1 14 4 | 32- - - 2 10 8

22 - - - 1 18 8 I 37- - - 2 18 6

27- - -245|42- - -382

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6(7., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER
ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.

LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.

MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.

DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.

GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.

DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.

BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.

SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having "ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional ■
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAlNE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. tilew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse\
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry jH. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Kodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

XX CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, '
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen enaaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared '
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

292

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 230.

NEW ASTD IMPOSTAIfT

WORKS FOR THE YOUNG,

PUBLISHED BY

VARTY AND OWEN,

EDUCATIONAL DEPOSITORY, 31. STRAND, LONDON.

PRECEPTIVE ILLUSTRA-
TIONS of the BIBLE : a Series of Fifty-two
New Coloured Prints to aid Scriptural In-
struction. Selected, in part, by the Author of
"Lessons on Obiects." From Original De-
signs, by S. BENOIXEN, Artist, made ex-
pressly for this Work. The Fifty-two Prints,
coloured, iu one vol., half-bound, morocco, 32. ;
in a paper wrapper, 22. 12s. ; single prints.
Is. 6c2., coloured ; in plain oak frame, with
glass, 37. ; rosewood and gold frame, and glass,
32. 6s. Size of the prints, 12J in. by 10J.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.

" A valuable help in home education."
*' Admirably adapted for the purpose of in-
structing the young. Suitable either for
schools or for private families."

" To aid parents on the Sunday they are in-
valuable."

CHRONOLOGICAL PIC-
TURES OF ENGLISH HISTORY, from the
Ancient Britons to Queen Victoria. Designed
and Lithographed by JOHN GILBERT. In
Eight Parts. Every Part contains Five Plates,
with Fac-similes of the Autographs of the So-
vereigns and most distinguished characters,
accompanied with Tabular Sheets of Letter-
press, carefully compiled. Each Plate illus-
trates a reign. Price, complete in one vol., im-
perial folio, half-bound morocco, gilt tops,
32. 13s. 6d. ; or in Eight Parts, each Part 7s. 6<2.,
beautifully tinted. In a serial portfolio frame,
with glass, 32. 18s.

VARTY'S GRAPHIC Il-
lustrations OF ANIMALS : showing
their Utility to Man in their Services during
Life, and Uses after Death. The size of the
Prints is 15 inches by 12. Single Prints may be
had.

To present accurate drawings and pleasing
pictures is not the only or primary object of this
work, but rather to impart lessons of practical
importance and daily application in an at-
tractive form, and to open up a subject which,
judiciously applied, is calculated to prove to
the young a most interesting and instructive
study. The design is to show the " Utility of
Animals to Man," both in their services during
life, and in their uses after death ; and to de-
duce results calculated to excite interest and
admiration, and evince the wisdom and good-
ness of God in the subsistence, comfort, and
social advancement of his creature Man.
Price, in one volume, folio, exhibiting nearly
Sixty Animal?, in upwards of 200 Coloured Il-
lustrations, half-bound in morocco, and let-
tered, 2/. 12s.

VARTY & CO.'S SELECT

SERIES OF DOMESTIC AND WILD ANI-
MALS. In Tliirty-six carefully coloured
Plates. Size 12 inches by 9. Price 12.4s. The
selection of Animals has been limited to those
which are most known and best adapted to
elicit inquiry from the young, and afford scope
for instruction and application. The set of
Outlines for Drawings, 9s.

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

at ONE VIEW. Clearly exhibiting the
Relative Sizes of Animals to Man, and their
. Comparative Sizes with each other. Arranged
in Divisions, Orders, &c, according to the
Method of Baron Cuvier. Carefully and beau-
tifully coloured after Nature. On Four Im-
perial Sheets, 30 inches by 22. in Sheets, beau-
tifully coloured, with a Key, 12. 5s. 6d.

THE ILLUSTRATED EDITION.

THE EARTH AND MAN ;

or, Comparative Physical Geography, accord-
ing to the Principles laid down by Karl Ritter,
Humboldt, Stefftns, Elie, Beaumont, &c. With
ten illustrative coloured Maps and Plates. By
ARNOLD GUYOT, Professor of Physical
Geography and History at Neufchatel. Second
Edition, bound in cloth, demy 12mo. 4s.

ILLUSTRATED OUTLINE

MAPS to the ILLUSTRATED ATLAS. By
DR. VOGEL. Seven Maps, each beautifully
embellished with a Border, exhibiting the
Animals, Plants, &c, according to their Geo-
graphical Distribution. Imp. 4to., iu a cover,
3s. the Set.

NEW SCRIPTURE PRINTS.

Six Illustrations from the Parables. Drawn
by W. J. MONTAIGNE. Size 15 inches by
12. In a wrapper. 3s.

VOGEL'S ILLUSTRATED

ATLAS of POLITICAL and ELEMEN-
TARY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY'. In
Eleven Coloured Maps and Plates. Embel-
lished with upwards of 300 Engravings of the
Races of Man. Animals, Plants, &c. By DR.
KARL VOGEL, Director of Schools, Berlin.
With Descriptive Letter-press, by the Editor
of the" University Atlas of the Middle Ages,"
&c. Second Edition, Imp. 8vo., in cloth, 5s. 6d.

AN EASY INTRODUCTION

to the STUDY of the ANIMAL KINGDOM.
Price, iu cloth, 4s. 6(2.

THE TREASURY HAR-

MONY of the FOUR EVANGELISTS : hav-
ing Scripture Illustrations, Expository Notes,
Practical Reflections, Geographical Notices,
&c. Bound in cloth, 2 vols., 12. Is.

»** A few copies only remain on hand.

VOGEL'S ILLUSTRATED

PHYSICAL MAPS, beautifully coloured,
with Letter-press Descriptions, 5s.

PICTORIAL BIBLE ATLAS.

Demy 8vo., covered cloth, containing Six
Quarto Maps, with numerous interesting Il-
lustrations of Important Events. Manners,
Customs, Religious Rites and Ceremonies, &c.
Full coloured, 2s.

EUROPE. A New Map, di-

vided Politically, exhibiting the Mountain
Ranges, and much usi'ful Information. Four
Sheets, atlas size, 5 feet by 4 feet 4 inches. On
cloth and rollers, coloured, 16s.

Now ready, the Third Edition.

CHRIST an EXAMPLE for

the YOUNG. Illustrated by 55 Engravings
on tinted Papers, to aid the Chronology of Our
Lord's Life and Ministry. With a Map.
Bound, cloth lettered, 7s. 6d.

HAND ATLAS for BIBLE

READERS. By E. HUGHES. New Edition,
with very considerable additions, cloth let-
tered, 2s. Hit.

V ARTY'S EARLY LESSONS

IN GEOGRAPHY. In Fourteen Lessons, in
very bold type. There are numerous questions
on each lesson. 2s. 6d. Second edit.

A LARGE PHYSICAL MAP

OF THE WORLD. Showing its various
Physical Features and Phenomena. Cloth and
roller, coloured, 12. Is. ; varnished, 12. 8s. Size,
5 feet 6 inches by 5 feet.

A LARGE PHYSICAL MAP

OF EUROPE. Exhibiting its Physical Fea-
tures, &c. Coloured. Cloth and roller, 18s.,
varnished, 12. 4s. Size, 5 feet by 4 feet 4 inches.

PHYSICAL EARTH, IN

HEMISPHERES. Without the lines of lati-
tude and longitude, or any names of places.
Cloth and roller, 16s. Size, 5 feet 4 inches by

2 feet 10 inches.

A LARGE NEW MAP OP

THE WORLD. Showing its Civil Divisions,
and other useful information. In Hemispheres.
Cloth and roller, 16s. Size, 4 feet 4 inches by

3 feet 3 inches.

HISTORICAL MAPS OP

ENGLAND — Middle Ages. Two beautifully
executed Maps, with copious Index Sheets.
Map I. Engla Land, Anglo-Saxon Period, from
a.d. 450 to a.d. 1066. Map II. England, Anglo-
Norman Period, from a.d. 1066 to a.d. 1485.
Price, in Sheets, 5s. ; on cloth and roller, 8s.

EDUCATIONAL MAPS

(Varty's Chean Series), coloured and mounted
on cloth and roller.

THE WORLD (Mercator's), 12s. ; in Hemi-
spheres, 10s.

THE BRITISH ISLANDS (One Map), 14s.

Europe - - - - - - 6s.

Asia - - - - - - 6s.

Africa - - - - - - 6s.

America - - - - - 6s.

Australia and New Zealand - - 6».

England - - - - - 6s.

Scotland - - - - - 6s.

Ireland - - - - - 6s.

India - - - - - - 6s.

Roman Empire - - - - 7s.

The Journeys of Israel • - - 6s.

Heathen Palestine, or Canaan - - 6s.

Jewi-h Palestine, in Twelve Tribes - 6s.

Palestine in the Time of Our Saviour - 6s.

St. Paul's Voyages and Travels - - 6s.

Jerusalem, the City of the Lord - - 6s.

Outline Maps to Correspond,

Is. 6d. each plain ; 2s. coloured j 5s. cloth and

roller.

A detailed Catalogue of these Works, Maps,
and Apparatus, may be had on application. A
very Liberal Discount to Schools.

London: VARTY & OWEN, Educational Depository, York House, 31. Strand.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geokoe Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.— Saturday, March 25. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
tor

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" Wnen found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 231.]

Saturday, April 1. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

i Stamped Edition, £d.

CONTENTS.

Notes : — Page

Kennington Common, by the Rev. W.

Sparrow Simpson - 295

Life and Death - - - - 298

Battle of Trafalgar and Death of Nel-
son - - - - - - 297

Heraldic Anomaly ... 298

.Polk Lore :_ Three Maids— Mother
Russel's Post — Shrove Tuesday Cus-
tom - - - - - 299

Stornello - - - - - 299

Minor Notes : —Perspective — " That "
— Gorporation Enactments —Jacobite
Club — Dean Novell's first Wife —
"Oxoniana" — An Epigram falsely
ascribed to George Herbert— Ingulph:
Bohn's " Antiquarian Library " - 300

■Queries : —

Quotations wanted - - - 301

Sir Edmund Plowden, by S. F. Streeter 301
Ancient Clock, and Odevaere's History

of it, by Octavius Morgan - - 302

Minor Queries : — Spielberg, when
built ?_ Ded. Pavli " — Mantelpiece:
Mantelshelf : Mantleboard : Mantell
and Brace — Passage in Job — Pro-
vincial Glossaries — Chadderton of
Nuthurst, co. Lancaster — A marvel-
lous Combat of Birds — Battle of the
Gnats — Sandford of Thorpe Salvine,
CO. York — " Outlines of the History
of Theology " — " Mawkin " — " Plain
Dealer"— Hymn attributed to Handel
—Degrees in Arts — "Goloshes:" " Kut-
chin-kutchu " — Cornwalls of London

— Flasks for Wine-bottles — Frox-
halmi, Prolectricus, Phytacus, Tuleus,
Candos, Graciauus, and Tounu or
Tonnu - - - - - 302

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Postmaster at Merton College—" Lyra
Apostolica " — East Dereham Manor

— Quakers executed in North Ame-
rica _ Inscription in Fulham Church

— Hero of the " Spanish Lady's Love "

— " Bothy " — " Children in the
Wood" - - - - - 304

Replies : —
Brydone the Tourist, by John Macray 305
" The Red Cow " — Cromwell's Car-
riages, &c. - 306
Fox-hunting, by F. M. Middleton - 307
Weather Rules, by E. MaeCulloch, &c. 307
Bingham's Antiquities - 308
Ancient Tenure of Lands - 309
Photographic Correspondence: — Spots
on Collodion Pictures, &c. — The
Double Iodide Solution — Mounting
Photographs - 310

Replies to Minor Queries: Books

on Bells— Medal in Honour of Cheva-
lier St. George —Dean Swift's Suspen-
sion _ " Vanitatem observare "

Ballina Castle, Mayo — Dorset — Ju-
dicial Rank hereditary — Tolling the
Bell on leaving Church — Archpriest
in the Diocese of Exeter —Dogs in
Monumental Brasses — The Last of
the Palieologi — Long Names, &c. - 310

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, kc. - - - 313

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 314

Notices to Correspondents - - 311

Yol. IX No. 231.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

■\TOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PKIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library. — Silli-
mnn't Journal.

London : WniTTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

THE LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
Now ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 42s.

THE SPEECHES IN PAR-
LIAMENT OF FIKLD MARSHAL
HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLING-
TON. Collected and arranged.

Also, a New Edition, 8vo., 18s.

COL. GURWOOD'S SELEC-
TION from the WELLINGTON DE-
SPATCHES AND GENERAL ORDERS,
arranged as a convenient TRAVELLING
VOLUME for OFFICERS.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
No. CLXXXVIII. ADVERTISE-
MENTS for the forthcoming Number must
be forwarded to the Publisher by the 6th, and
BILLS for Insertion by the 8th APRIL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6<Z., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

ARCHEOLOGY OF THE
STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC
RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.

For the Scries of Papers illustrating the
above, see Vols. I. II. and III. of the " Irish
Quarterly Review." Price, bound, lis. each.

London: SIMPKIN & CO.
Dublin : W. B. KELLY.

Bohn's Standard Librart for April.

SONDE'S HISTORY OF THE

\J DOMINION OF THE ARABS IN
SPAIN. Translated from the Spanish by
MRS. FOSTER. In Three Volumes. Vol. I. j
with Frontispiece. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's British Classics for April.

GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE,
complete and unabridged, with variorum
Notes, including, in addition to all the Au-
thor's own, those of Guizot, Wenck, Niebuhr,
Hugo, Neander, and other foreign scholars.
Edited by an ENGLISH CHURCHMAN. In
Six Volumes. Vol. III., with fine Map of the
Western Empire. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Librart for April.

THE WORKS OF TACITUS,
literally translated, with Notes. In Two
Volumes. Vol. II., containing THE HIS-
TORY, GERMANIA, AGRICOL A, &c. With
a very complete Index. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Scieni

Library for April.

HUNT'S POETRY OF SCI-
ENCE ; or, Studies of the Physical
Phenomena of Nature. Third Edition, re-
vised and enlarged. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street.
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Illustrated Library for April.

TASSO'S JERUSALEM De-
livered, translated into English
Spenserian verse, with a Life of the Author,
by J. H. WIFFEN. Fourth Edition, with
Twenty-four Engravings on wood by Thur-
ston, and Eight Engravings on steel. Post
8vo. cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

NOTICE.

BURKE'S LANDED GENTRY.
A New and Thoroughly Revised Edition
of "HISTORY of the LANDED GENTRY,"
by SIR BKRNARD BURKE, Ulster King of
Arms, being in Preparation, it is earnestly
requested that Communications with addi-
tional Genealogies, or Corrections of the
former Work, may be addressed as soon as
possible to

SIP, B. BURKE, care of MR. COLBURN,
13. Great Marlborough Street.

294

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE EN-
GLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL.
In Monthly Volumes, 2*. 6d. each, in cloth.
This Day, the First Volume of

COWPER'S POETICAL
WORKS.

Already published.

DRYDEN. Vols. I. and II.

SURREY, MINOR Con-
temporaneous POETS, and SACK-
VILLE, LORD BUCKHUKST.

On the First of May, the Third and Con-
cluding Volume of

DRYDEN'S POETICAL

WORKS.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN'S

SERMONS.

This Day, Third and Cheaper Edition,
Octavo, 8s. 6tf.

QERMONS on some of the

kJ PRINCIPAL FESTIVALS, and on
other Occasions. By RICHARD WHATELY,
D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, Sixth and Cheaper Edition, 450
pages, foolscap octavo, with 118 Woodcuts,
3s. 6d.

FAMILIAR HISTORY OF
BIRDS : their Nature, Habits, and In-
stincts. By EDWARD STANLEY, D.D.,
Bishop of Norwich.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

SMALL BOOKS ON GREAT SUBJECTS.
Now Ready,

PHILOSOPHICAL THEO-
RIES AND PHILOSOPHICAL EX-
PERIENCE, being No. I. of Small Books on
Great Subjects. Third Edition, with a New
Preface. 3s. 6d.

EXPOSITION OF VULGAR

AND COMMON ERRORS, being No. VIII.
of Small Books on Great Subjects. Second
Edition. 3*. 6d.

ON THE STATE OF MAN

SUBSEQUENT TO THE PROMULGA-
TION OK CHRISTIANITY. Part IV,
being No. XXII. of Small Books on Great
Subjects. 4s. 6rf.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, Cheaper Edition. Collated, and
Enlarged, 10s. 6d.,

(.HARICLES : Illustrations of
J the Private Life of the Ancient Greeks.
With Noti s and Excursuses. From the Ger-
man of PROr ESSOR BECKER.

Also, Second Edition, Enlarged, with addi-
tional Illustrations, 12s.,

BECKERS GALLUS: Scenes

of the Times of Augustus. With Notes and
Excursuses, illustrative of the Manners and
Customs of the Romans.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Just published, in royal 8vo., clcth, with En-
gravings, price 5«.

THE HOMERIC DESIGN OF
THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES. By
Vf. WATKISS I.LOYD.

London i WILLIAMS & NORGATE,
Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.

POPERY AND THE ROMISH
CONTROVERSY. — The want of a
Periodical Collection of the numerous FACTS
AND DOCUMENTS bearing on the Progress
of Popery and the Controversy with Rome,
which appear in the Journals and Periodicals
of the Day, has long been felt by every earnest
Protestant. To remedy this deficiency, the
Proprietors of

THE " BRITANNIA " NEWSPAPER

have arranged to issue from time to time a
SUPPLEMENT (GRATIS), exclusively de-
voted to the republication of this important
and interesting matter, without editorial com-
ment, and 60 arranged as to be capable of
being bound up at the close of the year in a
convenient Quarto Volume, with a complete
Index to its contents.

The FIRST NUMBER anpeared on SA-
TURDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, and contained,

" THE CENSUS OF ROMANISM."
Price SIXPENCE.

141. STRAND, LONDON.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

Patronised by tbe Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hoir in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficaey.
Bottles, 2s. 6r7. ; double size, 4s. 6rf. ; 7s. 6rf.
equal to 4 small ; 1 Is. to 6 small : 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the enly effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joint* in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6rf. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Stree' ;
JACKSON, 9 Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork: BARRY, 9. Main
Strtet, Kinsale ; OR ATT AN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK.BROTIIERS, Glasgow DUN-
CAN & FLOCK HARP, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

w

This day is Published,

TSTORY OF THE FRENCH

I PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM
THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF
NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Pro-
fessor of History in the Lye<?e Buonaparte.
Translated, with the assistance of the Author,
by FREDERICK HARDMAN. In demy
octavo, price 14s.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

\ FRENCH MAP OF RUSSIA

±V. IN EUROPE, AND TURKEY, com-
prising the Baltic and Black Seas, with the
adjacent Countries, IS NOW PUBLISHED.
Price 5s. in sheet, case 8s., per post 6d. addi-
tional.

London : EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing-
Cross, who will forward on application a
List of Maps of the Seat of War.

BALTIC AND BLACK SEAS.

THE ADMIRALTY CHARTS
of these Seas are NOW PUBLISHED.
Price, plain, 2s. &d. each ; in case, 5s. Co-
loured, 3s. &d.\ case, 6s., per post 6d. additional.

London : EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing
Cross, who will forward on application
(Gratis) a List of Admiralty Charts of the
Coasts and Harbours of these Seas.

DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.

A MAP OF THIS DISTRICT,

XjL on the the scale of 9 miles to the inch,
prepared from the celebrated Vienna Map in
21 sheets, IS NOW PUBLISHED. Price, in
6 sheets coloured, 12s. ; case or rollers, 21s.

London : EDWARD STANFORD.6. Charinjr
Cross ; and all Map and Booksellers.

npo ETHNOLOGISTS.—

1 MESSRS. TRUBNER fc CO. are pre-
paring for immediate Publication, in one vo-
lume, 4to„ 650 pp. profusely illustrated price
U. \-2s., Gl IDDON'S TYPES OF MAN-
KIND ; or Ethnological Researches, based
upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings,
Sculptures, and Crania of Races, and upon
their Natural, Geographical, Philological, and
Biblical History. By J. C. NOTT. M.D., and
G. R. GLIDDON, formerly U. S. Consul at
Cairo.

Gentlemen desirous of becoming Subscribers
are requested to send their Names in as early
as possible.

Illustrated Prospectus to be had on appli-
cation.

TRUBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.

CATALOGUES of 5000 Vols,
of Second-hand Books GRATIS, on
application (Post Free for 4 Stamps).

W. BROUGH, 22. Paradise Street,
Birmingham.
Books of every Description purchased. On
Sale : — Grose's Antiquities of England and
Wales, 8 vols, folio, coloured Plates, half rus-
sia, nent, clean, sound Copy, 57. 15s. 6d. Cla-
rendon's Rebellion, 6 vols, royal 8vo., calf,
very neat, 25s. Camden Society's Publications,
24 vols., 2s. to 4s. per vol. Sammes' Britannia
Antiqua Illustrata. curious Engravings, folio,
calf, lis. Boutell's Monumental Brasses, large
paper Copy, on drawing paper, folio, half mo-
rocco, cloth sides, perfectly clean, 2/., pub-
lished at 31. 5s.

pHEAP BOOKS of a Miscella-:

\J neous Character, including long Articles
on Natural Hist ry, Biography, &c. are to be
seen in No. .6. of REEVES & TURNER'S
CATAL< >GUE of BOOKS. SENT FREE on
Application to f

114. CHANCERY LANE.

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

295

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 1, 1854.
KENSINGTON COMMON.

Before all traces be lost of Kennington Com-
mon, so soon to be distinguished by the eupho-
nious epithet of Park, let me put a Query to some
of your antiquarian readers in relation thereunto ;
and suffer me to make the Query a peg, whereon
to hang sundry and divers little notes. And pray
let no one ridicule the idea that Kennington has
its antiquities ; albeit that wherever you look,
new buildings, new bricks and mortar, plaster and
cement, will meet your eye ; yet, does not the
manor figure in Domesday Book ? Is it not dig-
nified by the stately name of Chenintune ? Was
it not held by Theodoric of King Edward the
Confessor ? And did it not, in times gone by,
possess a royal residence ?

Here, at a Danish marriage, died Hardi Knute
in 1041. Here, Harold, son of Earl Godwin, who
seized the crown after the death of the Confessor,
is said to have placed it on his own head. Here,
in 1231, King Henry III. held his court, and
passed a solemn and a stately Christmas. And
here, says Matthew Paris, was held a Parliament
in the succeeding year. Hither, says good old
Stow, anno 1376, came the Duke of Lancaster to
escape the fury of the populace of London, on
Friday, February 20, the day following that on
which WiclifTe had been brought before the
bishops at St. Paul's. The Duke was dining "with
one John of Ipres" when the news arrived, borne
by a breathless messenger, that the people sought
his life. When the Duke "leapt so hastily from
his oysters, that he hurt both his legges against
the foarme : wine was offered to his oysters, but
hee would not drinke for haste ; he fledde with
his fellowe Syr Henry Percy, no man following
them ; and entring the Thamis, neuer stinted
rowing vntill they came to a house neere the
manor of Kenington (besides Lambeth), where at
that time the Princesse was, with the young Prince,
before whom hee made his complaint." Doubt-
less, Lambeth Marsh was then what its name im-
ports. Hither also came a deputation of the
chiefest citizens to Richard II., June 21, 1377,
"before the old King was departed," "to accept
him for their true and lawfull King and Gouer-
nor." But the royal residence was destroyed
before 1607. " The last of the long succession of
royal tenants who inhabited the ancient site,"
says a writer in the Illustrated London News not
long since (I have the cutting, but neglected to
note the date of the paper), " was Charles I., when
Prince of Wales : his lodging, a house built upon
a part of the site of the old palace, is the only
existing vestige, as represented in the accompany-

ing engraving (in the Ulus. Lond. News), unless
earlier remains are to be found in the lower parts
of the interior." But I believe that the identity
of the site of this ancient mansion (which is
situated on the western side of Lower Kennington
Lane), with part of the site of the old palace, is
not quite so certain as the writer appears to in-
timate. In 1720, however, the manor gave the
title of Earl to William Augustus, Duke of Cum-
berland, second son to George II.

Kennington Common acquired an unenviable
notoriety from being the place of execution for
malefactors tried in this part of the county.
"After the suppression of the rebellion in Scot-
land in 1745, many of the insurgents having been
convicted of treason at Southwark, here suffered
the sentence of the law" (Dugdale's England and
Wales, p. 1015.). "Seventeen officers of the rebel
army were hanged, drawn, and quartered" on this
spot. (Goldsmith's History, continued by Morell,
4to., 1807, vol.ii. p. 165.)

" One of the last executions which took place on
Kennington Common was that of seven men ; three
of whom belonged to a notorious gang of house-
breakers, eighteen in number. These men kept shops,
and lived in credit : of the three who were executed,
one made over a sum of 2000/. to a friend, previous to
his trial. They confessed that the profits of their
practices, for the five years past, had been upwards of
150OZ. a year to each. This was in the year 1765." —
From a cutting, sent me by a friend, from the Sun-
day Times' "Answers to Correspondents," March 13,
1853.

Here too occurred the Chartist meeting, on the
memorable 10th of April, 1848.

Now comes my Query. Was there ever a theatre
on Kennington Common ? In the Biographia
Dramatica of David Erskine Baker (edit. 1782,
vol. ii. p. 239.), we are told, that the " satyrical
comical allegorical farce," The Mock Preacher, pub-
lished in 8vo. in 1739, was "Acted to a crowded
audience at Kennington Common, and many other
theatres, with the humours of the mob." Was it
acted in a booth, or in a permanent theatre ?
The words, " many other theatres," almost give
one the impression that the latter is indicated.

Many more notes might be added, but I fear
lest this paper should already be too local to in-
terest general readers. Suffice it to say, that
Clayton Street, close to the Common, takes its
name from the Clayton family ; one member
of which, Sir Robert Clayton, was sometime
Master of the Drapers' Company, in whose Hall
a fine portrait of him is preserved. Bowling
Green Street derives its name from a bowling
green which existed not very many years since.
And White Hart Street from a field, which was
so called certainly as early as 1785. On the Com-
mon was " a bridge called Merton Bridge, which
formerly was repaired by the Canons of Merton

296

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

Abbey, who had lands for that purpose." (Lysons*
Environs, edit. 4to., 1792, vol. i. p. 327.)

It is due to your readers to state, that the
authorities for the statements made in the former
part of this paper are these : Lysons' Environs, ut
supra, vol. i. pp. 325. 327. ; Manning and Bray's
Surrey, Lond., 1809, fol„ vol. iii. pp. 484—488.;
Stow, Annales, edit. 4to., 1601, pp. 432, 433. ; and
Bill. Top. Brit, 4to., 1790, vol. ii. "History and
Antiq. of Lambeth," p. 89.

W. Sparrow SrarsoN.

Kennington.

LIFE AND DEATH.

I have thrown together a few paralled passages
for your pages, which may prove acceptable.
I. "To die is hetter than to live."

" I praised the dead which are already dead more
than the living which are yet alive. Yea, better is he
than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not
seen the evil work that is done under the sun." —
Eccles. iv. 2, 3.

" Great travail is created for every man, and a
heavy yoke upon the sons of Adam, from the day that
they go out. of their mother's womb, till the day that
tbey return to the mother of all things." — Ecclus. xl. 1.:
cf. 2 Esdr. vii. 12, 13.

" Never to have been born, the wise man first
Would wish ; and, next, as soon as born to die."
Anth. Grmc. ( Posidippus).

In the affecting story of Cleobis and Biton, as
related by Herodotus, we read, —

" The best end of life happened to them, and the
Deity showed in their case that it is better for a man to
die than to live."

" Aie'Se^e re iv Tovroiai <) ®eos a>J S.v.eivov {"■/] avQpuircp
reddvai /jluWov v) faeiv." — Herod., KAEIfl. i. 32.

" As for all other living creatures, there is not one
but, by a secret instinct of nature, knoweth his owne

good and whereto he is made able Man onely

inoweth nothing unlesse hee be taught. He can
neither speake nor goe, nor eat, otherwise than he is
•trained to it : and, to be short, apt and good at nothing
he is naturally, but to pule and crie. And hereupon
it is that some have been of this opinion, that better it
had been, and simply best, for a man never to have been
horn, or else speedily to die." — Pliny's Nat. Hist, by
Holland, Intr. to b. vii.

* Happy the mortal man, who now at last
Has through this doleful vale of misery passed ;
Who to his destined stage has carry'd on
The tedious load, and laid his burden down ;
Whom the cut brass or wounded marble shows
Victor o'er Life, and all her train of woes.

i He, happier yet, who, privileged by Fate
To shorter labour and a lighter weight,
Received but yesterday the gift of breath,
Order'd to-morrow to return to death.

But O ! beyond description, happiest he

Who ne'er must roll on life's tumultuous sea ;

Who with bless'd freedom, from the general doom

Exempt, must never face the teeming womb,

Nor see the sun, nor sink into the tomb !

Who breathes must suffer ; and who thinks must

mourn ;
And he alone is blessed who ne'er was born."

Prior's Solomon, b. iii.

The proverbs, " God takes those soonest whom
He loveth best," and, " Whom the gods love die
young," have been already illustrated in " N. &
Q." (Vol. iii., pp. 302. 377.). "I have learned from
religion, that an early death has often been the
reward of piety," said the Emperor Julian ou his
death-bed. (See Gibbon, ch. xxiv.)

2. " Judge none blessed before his death."*

" Ante mortem nelaudes hominem," saith the son of
Sirach, xi. 28.

Of this sentiment St. Chrysostom expresses his ad-
miration, Horn. Ii. in. S. Eustath. ; and heathen
writers afford very close parallels :

" Uplp 8* av Te\et>T7j<x>? eTUTXtew M^e KaXeeiv Km oK-
giov &AA' eyTux«'a>" saJ's Solon to Croesus (Herod.,
KAEin. i. 32.) : cf. Aristot., Eth. Nic. ch. x., for a com-
ment on this passage.

Sophocles, in the last few lines of the (Edipus
Tyrannus, thus draws the moral of his fearful
tragedy :

""Clare &vr\Thv out', iKslvi)V t?jc TeXeur aiav tSeTv
'Hp.e'pav eTTiffKOTTovvTa, ,it7j8eV o\€i£eiv, irplv SP
Tip p. a rod /3iou -rrepderr;, /xTjSej/ a.Ayeivbi' -naOdv."

Elmsley, on this passage, gives the following re-
ferences : Track I. Soph. Tereo, fr. 10. ; ibid.
Tyndar. fr. 1. ; Agam., 937.; Androm., 100.;
Troad., 509. ; Heracl., 865. ; Dionys. ap. Stob.,
ciii. p. 560. ; Gesn., cv. p. 431. ; Grot. To which
I may add the oft-quoted lines, —

" Ultima semper
Expectanda dies, homini dicique beatus
Ante obitum nemo supremaque funera debet."

In farther illustration of this passage from Ec-
clus., let us consider the Death of the Righteous.

" Let me die the death of the righteous, and let
my last end be like his," exclaims the truth-com-
pelled and reluctant prophet, Numb, xxiii. 10.

The royal Psalmist, after reflecting on the pros-
perity of the wicked in this world, adds :
" Then thought I to understand this,
But it was too hard for me,
Until I went into the sanctuary of God I
Then understood I the end of these men."

Ps. lxxiii.
And again :

" I have seen the wicked in great power,
And spreading himself like a green bay-tree;

* Cf. Sir Thos. Browne's Christian Morals, sect. ix.

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

297

Yet he passed away, and, lo, lie was not ;
Yea, I sought him, but he could not be found.

Mark the perfect man,
And behold the upright,
For the end of that man is peace."
Ft. xxxvii. 35-37.: cf. the Prayer-Book version.

The prophet Isaiah declares :
" The righteous man is taken away because of the evil;
He shall go in peace, he shall rest in his bed ;
Even the perfect man, he that walketh in the straight
path." — Ch. lvii., Bp. Lowth's Trans.

" Sure the last end
Of the good man is peace ! How calm his exit !
Night-dews fall not more gently to the ground,
Nor weary worn-out winds expire so soft.
Behold him ! in the evening tide of life,
A life well spent, whose early care it was
His riper years should not upbraid his green :
By unperceived degrees he wears away ;
Yet, like the sun, seems larger at his setting !
High in his faith and hopes, look how he reaches
After the prize in view ! and, like a bird
That's hamper'd, struggles hard to get away !
Whilst the glad gates of sight are wide expanded
To let new glories in, the first fair fruits
Of the fast-coming harvest." — Blair's Grave.

«' How blest the righteous when he dies !
When sinks the weary soul to rest !
How mildly beam the closing eyes !

How gently heaves the expiring breast !

" So fades the summer cloud away ;

So sinks the gale when storms are o'er;
So gently shuts the eye of day ;
So dies a wave upon the shore.

* Life's duty done, as sinks the clay,
Light from its load the spirit flies ;
While heaven and earth combine to say,
* How blest the righteous when he dies !' "
Mrs. Barbauld.
" An eve
Beautiful as the good man's quiet end,
When all of earthly now is passed away,
And heaven is in his face." — Love's Trial.
" He sets
As sets the Morning Star, which goes not down
Behind the darken'd West, nor hides obscured
Among the tempests of the sky, but melts away
Into the light of heaven."

" As sweetly as a child,
Whom neither thought disturbs nor care encumbers,
Tired with long play, at close of summer's day
Lies down and slumbers."

A holy life is the only preparation to a happy
death, says Bishop Taylor. And we have seen
how much importance even heathen minds at-
tached to peace at the last. Truly, as Kettlewell
said while expiring, "There is no life like a
happy death."

" Consider," says that excellent writer, Norris of
Bemerton, "that this life is wholly in order to another,

and that time is that sole opportunity that God has
given us for transacting the great business of eternity ;
that our work is great, and our day of working short ;
much of which also is lost and rendered useless through
the cloudiness and darkness of the morning, and the
thick vapours and unwholesome fogs of the evening ;
the ignorance and inadvertency of youth, and the dis-
ease and infirmities of old age : that our portion of
time is not only short as to its duration, but also un-
certain in the possession : that the loss of it is irrepar-
able to the loser, and profitable to nobody else : that it
shall be severely accounted for at the great judgment,
and lamented in a sad eternity." — "Of the Care and
Improvement of Time," Miscel., 6th edit., p. 118.

ElKIONNACH.

BATTLE OF TRATALGAH. AND DEATH OF NELSOW.

The following unpublished letter, as a historical
document, is worth preserving in the pages of
" N. & Q." It relates to the important national
events of the battle of Trafalgar and death of
Nelson. The writer was, at the time, a signal
midshipman in the service, and only about thir-
teen years of age. He was a native of Glasgow,
and died many years since, much respected.

H.M.S. Defence,
At anchor off Cadiz, 28 Oct. 1805.
My dear Betty [the writer's sister],
I have now the pleasure of writing you, after a
noble victory over the French and Spanish fleets,
on the 21st October, off Cape Spartel. We have
taken, burnt and sunk, gone on shore, &c, twenty-
one sail of the line. The names I will let [you]
know after. On the I9[th] our frigates made the
signal ; the Combined Fleets were coming out; so
as we were stationed between the frigate and our
fleet, we repeated ditto to Lord Nelson. It being
calm we could not make much way, but in the
course of the night we got a strong breeze, and
next morning our frigate made the signal for
them, being all at sea. So on the afternoon of the
20[th] we saw them to leeward ; but it was blow-
ing fresh and very hazy, so Lord Nelson made
our signal for a captain ; so our captain went on
board, and Lord Nelson told Captain Hope he
expected he would keep sight of them all night.
So on the morning of the 21st we observed them
to leeward about two miles, so we made the signal
to Lord Nelson how many the bearings, and
everything ; so brave Nelson bore down imme-
diately ; and at twelve o'clock Lord Nelson broke
the south'3 line, and brave Admiral Collin [g]wood
the north ; and at two o'clock we were all in
action. We were the last station'd ship ; so when
we went down we had two Frenchmen and one
Spaniard on us at one time. We engag'd them
i'orty-six minutes, when the "Achille" and "Poly-
phemus" came up to our assistance. The Spaniard
ran away ; we gave him chase, and fought him

298

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

one hour and forty-six minutes, when he struck,
and we boarded him, and have him safe at anchor,
as we have not had a good wind. I am sorry to
say poor Lord Nelson was wounded the second
broadside. He went down and got his wounds
dress'd, and he was wound'd a second time, and
he just lived to hear of the victory. The ship we
took, her name is the " San Ildifonzo," eighty-two
guns, and a very fine ship, new. I don't think we
will save more than twelve sail of them : but we
have sunk, burnt, drove on shore, twenty-one sail
of the line in all ; and if we had not had a gale of
wind next day we would have taken every one of
them. We were riding close in shore with two
anchors a-head, three cables on each bower, and
all our sails were shot to pieces, ditto our rudder
and stern, and mainmast, and everything ; but,
thank good, I am here safe, though there was more
shot at my quarters than any other part of the
ship. We are now at anchor, but expect to go to
Gibraltar every day. I hope in good you are all
in health : I was never better in all my life. My

compts to all friends [&c ] and my dear

father and mother.

I am
Your affectionate brother,

(Signed) Charles Reid.

You must excuse this letter, as half our hands
are on board our prize, and have had no time. I
have been two days writing this ; five minutes one
time and ten minutes another time, and so on.
We are just getting under way for Gibraltar.

Now for the French and Spanish ships taken,
burnt, run on shore, &c. &c. :

Bucentaure, 80, taken. French.

Santiss' Trinidada, 130, sunk. Spanish.

Santa, taken, but afterwards got into Cadiz.

Rayo, 110, sunk. French.

Bahama, 74, taken. French.

Argonauta, 80, sunk and burnt.

Neptuna, 90, on shore.

San Ildifonzo, 80, taken by the Defence.

Algazeras, 74, on shore ; Swiftsure, 74, Gib. ;
Berwick, 74, Gib. All English ships taken by the
French last war.

Intrepid, 74, burnt.

Aigle, 80, on shore.

Tonguer, 80, on shore [MS. uncertain].

De . . . . , 74, Gibraltar [ditto].

Argonauta, 74, Gib.

Redoubtable, 74, sunk.

Achell, 74, burnt.

Manareo, 74, on shore.

San Augustino, 74, Gibraltar.

There is not one English ship lost, but a num-
ber lost their masts. (Signed) C. R.

The writer had a brother, Andrew Reid, who
bore a commission in the ships of Captain Parry
in the first Arctic expedition. G. N.

HERALDIC ANOMALY.

I beg to call the attention of the heraldic
readers of " N. & Q." to a singular custom of dis-
playing their coats of arms, peculiar to the Knights
of St. John, of the venerable Language of England.

It is well known that the members of this valiant
brotherhood, throughout Europe, bear their pa-
ternal shield alone, surmounted, as the badge of
their profession, with the particular device of the
order, that is, On a chief, gules, a cross argent.
The English knights, with their paternal coat, bore
also, party-per-pale, that of their mothers, with
the chief of the order over both, a strange he-
raldic anomaly !

I have somewhere read, but where, for lack of
a " note," I cannot recollect, that in making their
proofs of nobility previous to their admission into
the order, unlike the other Languages, the cavaliers
of England gave in only the names of their father
and mother, but at the same time it was requisite
that these two names should be able to prove a
nobility of two hundred years each.

Perhaps the custom of bearing the paternal
shield impaled with the maternal sprung from
these proofs.

In the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1386., may
be seen three examples of this custom, in a paper
entitled, A Note of certain Knights of Rhodes, " in
prioratu Sancti Johannis Jerusalem."

1. Sir Thomas Docwra, Grand Prior of Eng-
land, a.b. 1504, a knight not more renowned as a
valiant man-at-arms, "preux et hardi," than as
a skilful diplomatist ; and who, on the death of
Fabricio Caretto, a.d. 1520-1, was thought worthy
to be put in competition for the Grand Master-
ship with the celebrated Villiers de LTsle Adam,
and, as Vertot tells us, only lost that dignity by a
very trifling majority. His paternal coat — Sable,
a cheveron engrailed argent, between three plates,
on each a pale, gules — is impaled with that of his
mother, Alice, daughter of Thomas Green, of
Gressingham, in Yorkshire ; Argent, a bugle-horn
sable, stringed gules, between three griffins' heads,
erased, of the second ; over all, the chief of the
order.

2. Sir Lancelot Docwra, near kinsman to Sir
Thomas, and son of Robert Docwra, of Docwra-
Hall, in Cumberland. His arms are impaled with
— Or, a cross flory sable — the coat armour of his
mother, Jane, daughter of Sir John Lamplugh, of
Lamplugh, in the same county ; one " of a race,"
as Denton says, " of valorous gentlemen, succes-
sively for their worthiness knighted in the field,
all, or most part of them." The chief of the
order also surmounts his shield.

3. The third is the shield of Sir John Randon ;
Gules, a bend checquy or and azure, impaling
Argent, a frette, and on a chief, gules, three es-
callops of the field; over all, the chief of the order.

AntiL 1. 1854.]

KOTES AND QUEEIES.

299

If any readers of " N. & Q." could furnish me
with more examples, I should be much obliged.

John o' the Ford.
3Ialta.

EOLK LOSE.

Three Maids. — There is a spot on the road
from Winchester to Andover called the " Three
Maids." They are I believe nameless. Tradition
says that they poisoned their father, and were for
that crime buried alive up to their necks. Travel-
lers passing by were ordered not to feed them ;
but one compassionate horseman as he rode along
threw the core of an apple to one, on which she
subsisted for three days. Wonderful is it to state
that three groups of firs sprung up miraculously
from the graves of the three maids. Thus their
memories have been perpetuated. The peasantry
of Winchester and its neighbourhood for the most
part accredit the story, and I see no reason for
disbelieving the first part of it myself. Does any
one know of a like punishment being awarded in
•olden times, when the tender mercies of the law
were cruel and arbitrary ?

Mother RusseTs Post. — Whilst I am on the sub-
ject of folk lore I may as well add, that on the
road to Kings Sombourn, of educational renown,
there is a spot where four roads meet. Report
says that a certain Mother Russel, who committed
suicide, was buried there. A little girl in this
village was afraid to pass the spot at night on
account of the ghosts, which are supposed to haunt
it in the hours of darkness. The rightful name of
the place is " Mother Russel's Post."

Eustace W. Jacob.

Crawley.

Shrove Tuesday Custom (Vol. ix., p. 65.). — The
Shrove Tuesday custom mentioned by Mr. El-
liott as existing at Leicester, and an account of
which he quotes from Hone's Year-Booh, has been
abolished within the last few years. There is, I
believe, still a curious custom on that day at
Ludlow, the origin and meaning of which has
never, so far as I am aware, been discovered and
stated.

" The corporation," I quote from a history of the
town, " provide a rope, three inches in thickness, and
in length thirty-six yards, which is given out at one of
the windows of the Market House as the clock strikes
four, when a large body of the inhabitants, divided
into two parties, commence an arduous struggle, and
as soon as either party gains the victory by pulling the
rope beyond the prescribed limits, the pulling ceases,
•&c.

" Without doubt this singular custom is symbolical
of some remarkable event, and a remnant of that an-
cient language of visible signs, which, says a celebrated

writer, ' imperfectly supplies the want of letters to
perpetuate the remembrance of public or private
transactions.' The sign in this instance has survived
the remembrance of the occurrence it was designed to
represent, and remains a profound mystery. It has
been insinuated that the real occasion of this custom is
known to the corporation, but that, for some reason or
other, they are tenacious of the secret."

The local historian then mentions an "obscure
tradition," but as it is not in agreement with my
own opinion, I omit it. S. P. Q.

stornello.

Verses, the rhymes of which return after the
fashion of those printed in "N. & Q." (Vol. vi.,
p. 603., and Vol. vii., p. 174.), are commonly cur-
rent among the peasants of Tuscany, and in
many instances form the materials of their popu-
lar songs. It is probable that this description of
rhyme originated in the " bel paese la dove '1 si
suona." They usually turn on a combination of
three words, as in those quoted in Vol. vii. of
" JST. & Q." And the name stornello, as will be
readily perceived, is derived from tornare, to re-
turn. I send you a specimen of one of them,
which has a certain degree of historical interest
attached to it, from its connexion with the move-
ment of 1848. It was difficult to walk through
the streets of Florence in those days without hear-
ing it carolled forth by more than one Florentine
Tyrtasus. Now, I need hardly say, "we never
mention it — its name is never heard." The pa-
triot-flag was a tricolor of white, red, and green,
a nosegay of which colours a youth has brought to
his mistress. She sings as follows :

■ E gli dird cbe il verde, il rosso, il bianco
Gli stanno ben con una spada al fianco.
E gli dird che il bianco, il verde, il rosso,
Vuol dir che Italia il duro giogo ha scosso.
E gli diro che il rosso, il bianco, il verde
E un terno che si giuoca e non si perde."

Of which the following rough version may serve
to give a sufficiently-accurate idea of the mean-
ing, for the benefit of your " country gentlemen "
readers :

" And I'll tell him the green, and the red, and the
white
Would look well by his side as a sword-knot so

bright.
And I'll tell him the white, and the green, and the

red
Mean, our country has flung the vile yoke from her

head.
And I'll tell him the red, and the white, and the

green
Is the prize that we play for, a prize that we'll win."

" Un terno che si giuoca " is a phrase which
refers to the system of the public lotteries, esta-

300

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

Wished (so much to their shame) by the Italian
governments ; and a page of explanation of that
system would be needful, to make any literal
translation of it intelligible to an English reader.

In conclusion I may say, in reply to the Query
of Henry H. Breen, that the Popes alluded to in
the epigram cited by him as above referred to
(Vol. vi., p. 603.), seem evidently to have been
Julius II. (Rovere), Leo X. (Medici), Cle-
ment VII. (Medici), and Paul III. (Farnese).
And the epigram in question says no more than
the truth, in asserting that they all four occasioned
infinite mischief to France. T. A. T.

Florence.

fAinat ®otts>.

Perspective. — There is a very common error in
drawing walls, the plane of which is parallel to the
plane of the picture. An instance of it occurs in
the facade of Sennacherib's Palace, Layard's 2nd
book on Nineveh, frontispiece. All the horizontal
lines in the plane of the picture are drawn paral-
lel. The fact is, that every line above or below
the line of the horizon, though really parallel to it,
apparently approaches it, as it is produced to the
right or left. The reason is obvious. One point
in the wall, viz. that on which you let fall a perpen-
dicular from your eye, is nearest to your eye. The
perpendicular height of the wall, as drawn through
this point, must therefore appear greater than as
drawn through any other point more to the right
or left. The lines which are really parallel do
therefore apparently converge on some point more
or less distant, according to the distance of the
wall from your eye. Every drawing in which
this principle is not considered must, I think,
appear out of perspective. G. T. Hoare.

Tandridge.

" That" — I lately met with the following gram-
matical puzzle among some old papers. I forget
from what book I copied it many years ago.
Perhaps it may be new to some of your readers.

" I'll prove the word that I have made my theme.
Is that that may he doubled without blame,
And that that that thus trebled I may use,
And that that that that critics may abuse,
May be correct. — Farther, the Dons to bother,
Five thats may closely follow one another —
For, be it known that we may safely write
Or say that that that that that man writ was right ;
Nay, e'en that that that that that that has followed
Through six repeats, the grammar's rule has hallowed,
And that that that (that that that that began),
Repeated seven times is right ! Deny't who can."

McC.

Corporation Enactments. — In the town books
of the Corporation of Youghal, co. Cork, among

other singular enactments of that body are two
which will now be regarded as curiosities. In the
years 1680 and 1703, a cook and a barber re-
ceived their freedom, on condition that they
would respectively dress the mayor's feasts, and
shave the Corporation, gratis ! Abhba.

Jacobite Club. — The adherents of the Stuarts
are now nearly extinct ; but I recollect a few
years ago an old gentleman, in London, who was
then upwards of eighty years of age, and who was
a stanch Jacobite. I have heard him say that,
"when he was a young man, his father belonged to
a society in Aldersgate Street, called the 'Mourning
Bush ;' and this Bush was to be always in mourn-
ing until the Stuarts were restored." A member
of this Society having been met in mourning
when one of the reigning family had died, was
asked by one of the members how it so happened ?
His reply was, that he was " not mourning for the
dead, but for the living." The old gentleman
was father of the Mercers' Company, and his
brother of the Stationers' Company : they were
bachelors, and citizens of the old school, hos-
pitable, liberal, and charitable. An instance
occurred, that the latter had a presentation to
Christ's Hospital : he was applied to on behalf of
a person who had a large family ; but the father
not being a freeman, he could not present it to-
the son. He immediately bought the freedom for
the father, and gave the son the presentation L
This is a rare act.

The brothers have long gone to receive the
reward of their goodness, and lie buried in the
cemetery attached to Mercers' Hall, Cheapside.

James Reed.

Sunderland.

Dean NowelVs first Wife. — Churton, in his
Life of Alexander Nowell, dean of St. Paul's,
p. 368., is at a loss to know the name of the dean's
first wife. He says :

" Of his first wife nothing farther is known but that
he was married, either to her or to his second wife, in
or before the year 1561. His surviving wife, Eliz.
Nowell, had been twice married before, and had chil-
dren by both her former husbands. Laurence Ball
appears to have been her first husband, and Thomas.
Blount her second."

The pedigree of Bowyer, in the Visitation of
Sussex, in 1633-4, gives the name of the dean's-
first wife :
" Thomas = Jane, da. and heir of = Alexander Nowell,

Bowyer Robert Merry, son dean of St. Paul's.

of Lon- of Thomas Merry 2nd husband."

don. of Hatfield.

Y. S.

" Oxoniana." — To your list of desirable re-
prints, I beg to add the very amusing work under
this title, and originally published in four small

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIED

301

volumes about fifty years since, and now become
scarce. Additions and corrections would add to
the value and interest of a work which preserves
many curious traits of past times and of Oxford
Dons. Alpha.

An Epigram falsely ascribed to George Herbert.
— The recent editors of George Herbert have
printed as his, among his Latin poems, the last
two lines of the 76th epigram of Martial's eighth
book :

" Vero verius ergo quid sit, audi :
Verum, Gallice, non libenter audis."

J. E. B. Mayor.

Ingitlph : Bohris "Antiquarian Library." — Will
you kindly allow me to avail myself of your columns
to correct an error in my translation of " Ingulph,"
in Bonn's Antiquarian Library ? In the note to
page 2, the Abbey of Bardney, in Lincolnshire, is
confounded with Partney, which was one of its
■cells. The mistake was not observed till, unfor-
tunately, the sheet had been printed; and it was
accidentally omitted among the errata. My au-
thority had, I rather think, been misled by Cam-
den. Henry T. Riley.

31. St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith.

catteries.

QUOTATIONS WANTED.

" 'Quid levius calamo ? Pulvis. Quidpulvere? Ven-
tus.
Quidvento? Meretrix. Quid meretrice? Nihil."

" What is lighter than a feather ?
Dust. The wind more light than either.
What is lighter than the wind ?
Airy, fickle, womankind.
What than womankind is lighter ?
Nothing, nothing — but the writer." X. Y.

" The knights are dust,
Their good swords are rust,
Their souls are with the saints, we trust."

C. M. OCaoimh.

■" Circles are prized, not that abound
In greatness, but the exactly round.
Thus men are honoured, who excel,
Not in high state, but doing well."

G. C. H.

*' 111 habits gather by unseen degrees,
As brooks to rivers, rivers run to seas."

" The clanging trumpet sounds to arms,
And calls me forth to battle :
Our banners float 'midst war's alarms,
The signal cannons rattle." T. W.

" Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love,
Aught to implore were impotence of mind."

Q.

*' He no longer shall dwell
Upon that ditty ball,
But to heaven shall come,
And make punch for us all."

A Septuagenarian,

" Sometimes, indeed, an acre's breadth half green,
And half strewed o'er with rubbish, may be seen.
When lo ! a board, with quadrilateral grace,
Stands stiff' in the phenomenon of space,
Proposing still the neighbourhood's increase,
By, ' Ground to let upon a building lease.' " H.W.

Then what remains, but well our parts to chuse,
And keep good humour whatsoe'er we lose."

F. W. J.

* Bachelors of every station,
Listen to my true relation."

Also a ballad describing the visit of a countryman
and his wife to Oxford. Both of Berkshire origin. L.

" A fellow feeling makes us wond'rous kind." W. V.

" Sir John once said a good thing."

"EavOos.

SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN.

In your publication (Vol. iv., p. 319.), one of
your correspondents has given some interesting
particulars relative to Sir Edmund Plowdcn, New
Albion, &c, and expresses the hope that Ameri-
cans will hereafter do justice to the memory of
one really deserving their respect. I am desirous
of doing something to vindicate his memory and
claims ; and to this end should be greatly obliged
if your correspondent would favour me with some
additional facts. To get at these, I will put some
of them in the interrogative form.

When and where was Sir Edmund born ?

What is the evidence that he was in America
from 1620 to 1630 ? If so, where (in what locali-
ties), and what capacity ?

He says that his sister married a son of Secre-
tary Lake, then in office ; but Lake was turned
out several years before 1630, and Lord Balti-
more took his place, I think. Nor was Wentworth
made Earl of Strafford till after the time of the
petition.

He is said to have served five years in Ireland :
in what capacity ?

Who were Viscount Musherry, Lord Monson,
Sir Thomas Denby, (Claiborne I know of), Capt.
Balls; besides Sir John Laurence, Sir Bowyer

30?

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

Worstley, Barrett, &c. ? Where did these parties
" die, in America," in 1634 ?

Is the Latin original of the charter in existence ?
There is an omission in the bounds given in the
paper referred to : can I get an extract from the
original entry of limits ?

Did the charter ever pass the Great Seal ?

Would it be valid, if only passed under the
private seal ?

Can the date of the grant to Danby be ascer-
tained ?

Are there any memoranda of Plowden's six
years' residence as Governor of New Albion (I
have some of his residence in Virginia) ?

Can I get more definite facts about the miscon-
duct of Francis ?

The license for alienation, &c. is stated to have
been obtained 15th of Charles, 1646 ; but the 15th
of Charles was 1640. When did he arrive to
attend to his property, and when was he impri-
soned in the Fleet ?

Who was Beauchamp Plantagenet, the author of
the tract on New Albion, published in 1648 ?

Who were Robert Evelin, Captain Young, and
Master Miles, mentioned in that tract ?

Can you give me any additional facts, dates
especially, of events and births, deaths, &c. ?

I know not into whose hands these Queries will
come ; but I can say that, if they are answered,
the cause of historic truth and justice will be
served ; and I shall have the aid I want towards
correcting the misrepresentations and errors that
have been accumulating for years on this point.

S. F. Streeter, Sec. Md. Hist. Soc.

Baltimore Md., March 2, 1854.

P. S. — I should like to inquire, through your
publication, if any one can give me the family of
Mr. Claiborne; and any facts in his history not
stated in our works ?

ANCIENT CLOCK, AND ODEVAERE S HISTORY OF IT.

As a portion of the history of the magnificent
clock, which came into my possession last year, is
connected with Holland, I think it probable that
I may, through the means of " N. & Q." and the
Navorscher, be able to obtain the information re-
specting it which I desire. I shall therefore be
very much obliged if you will give this commu-
nication a place.

It will be necessary to give a brief description
of the clock, so as to enable parties on the other
side of the water to recognise and identify it.
The clock, which is of copper richly gilt, and
elaborately engraved, stands about four feet high,
independent of the pedestal. It is of architectural
design, and is divided into three stories, having
detached columns at each corner. The two lower

stories contain the dials in the front. The upper-
story exhibits the groups of moving silver figures,
which strike the quarters, hours, and move in
procession whilst a tune is played by a chime of
bells. The whole is surmounted by a dome, on
which is placed a silver cock, which flaps his
wings and crows when the clock strikes. It was
made by Isaac Hahrecht (the artist who made the
great clock in the cathedral at Strasburg), ac-
cording to the inscription on it, in the year 1589 ;
and is evidently a model of that celebrated work
condensed into a single tower, since it performs
all the feats of that clock. Its reputed history, as
given in a printed account of it, is, that it was
made for Pope Sixtus V., and was for more than
two hundred years in the possession of the Court
of Rome. It afterwards came into the possession
of William I., King of the Netherlands, who
authorised Odevaere the antiquary, now de-
ceased, to investigate everything concerning it,.
and to give a description of it. What I should
wish to know is, who was this Odevaere, and
where is his description of it to be found ? With
regard to the history of the clock, I should wish
to know the authority for the statement of its
having been made for the Pope, when and how it
came to leave the Vatican ; how it became the
property of the King of Holland ; when and why
it ceased to belong to the crown of Holland ; and
under what circumstances it came over to this
country, where it was exhibited in 1850?

If any of the readers of " N. & Q.," or the
Navorscher, can give me any information respect-
ing it, I shall feel greatly obliged.

Octavius Morgan.

9. Pall Mall.

$ltn0r e&umerf.

Spielberg, ivhen built? — When and by whom
was the prison of Spielberg, in Moravia, built ?
Has it been used exclusively as a state prison ?

M. J. S.

" Ded. Pavli.1" — Can you give me any inform-
ation respecting a tract entitled —

" Ded. Pavli Antiquarius, Theologia, et contra
Perciocas Thologo Rvma;tatis nostne scholas Philippi
Melanchthonis declamativncvla. Et quaedam alia lectv
dignissima."

F. Coleman.

16. Great St. Helens.

Mantelpiece: Mantelshelf: Mantelboard : Man-
tell and Brace. — What is the origin of this
word, and whence came the thing ? It must ori-
ginally have had a use and a meaning, before it
became a haven of rest for hyacinth-glasses, china
monsters, Bohemian glass vases, and a thousand
nick-nacks and odds and ends of drawing-room

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

303

furniture, as it now is with us. It had, no doubt,
some real work to do before it became what we
are pleased to term ornamental. C. D. Lamont.
Greenock.

Passage in Job. — The Rev. Moses Margo-
uouth will much oblige the writer, and some of
his friends, by giving in " N. & Q." a literal trans-
lation of Job xix. 26. The authorised version is :

" And though after my skin worms destroy this
body, yet in my flesh I shall see God."

The marginal reference gives :
" After I shall awake, though this body be destroyed,
yet out of my flesh shall I see God."

C. Mansfield Ingleby.
Birmingham.

Provincial Glossaries. — In an article in the
79th volume of the Edinburgh Review, on the
provincialisms of the European languages, the
writer says :

" There are some very copious early English voca-
bularies lying in manuscript in the Cathedral libraries
of Durham, Winchester, and Canterbury ; in the
British Museum, King's College, and other deposi-
tories, deserving collection."

Will any of your learned readers inform me of
the dates of the MSS. referred to, and by whom
the collections were made ? I would recommend
them to the notice of the Camden Society.

Fra. Mewbtjrn.

Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancaster. — What
crest did this family bear, and when did the family
become extinct ? J. B.

A marvellous Combat of Birds. — In the Phoenix
Britannicus, by J. Morgan, London, 4to., p. 250.*,
there is an account of —

" The wonderful battle of stares (or starlings),
fought at Cork on Saturday 12th, and Monday 14th,
October, 1621."

And this narration relates, that on the Sunday,
October 13, the intervening day, the starlings
absented themselves to fight at Woolwich, in
Kent!!

Without vouching for the fact, or calling in
question the prowess of this " Irish Brigade," I
leave it to be confirmed or refuted by any reader
of the " N. & Q." — comme bon lui semblera. 2.

P. S. — I would, apropos to the above subject,
thank any reader of your miscellany to point out
to me a work by a M. Hanhart (I believe is the
name), which I think is upon Les Maurs des
Fourmis indigenes, in which are given some par-

[* At p. 252. of the same article is an account of
the battle of the gnats, noticed by Mr. E. W. Jacob. —

Ed.]

ticulars of regular conflicts between ants. I am
not aware of the exact title of the book, but I
have seen an account of it in some Edinburgh
periodical, if I am not mistaken.

Battle of the Gnats. — In reading Stow's Chro-
nicles of England, I lit upon the following passage
recorded in the reign of King Richard II., p. 509. :

" A fighting among gnats at the King's Maner of
Shine, where they were so thicke gathered, that the
ayre was darkned with them : they fought and made
a great battaile. Two partes of them being slayne,
fel downe to the grounde ; the thirde parte hauing got
the victorie, flew away, no man knew whither. The
number of the deade was such that might be swepte
uppe with besomes, and bushels filled weyth them."

This is a curious incident, and I have never
heard of anything of the sort taking place in
modern times. Would some of your readers who
study natural history be good enough to give me
another instance? I am at present inclined to
think that the account is one of the many myths
which Stow doubtless believed.

Eustace W. Jacob.

Sandford of Thorpe Salvine, Co. York. — Wanted,
the arms and crest of the Sandfords of Thorpe
Salvine. Also any particulars of the family, from
the commencement of their residence at High
Ashes, in the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne, co.
Lancashire, until the termination of that resi-
dence. Were they of the same family with Sand-
ford, Baron Mount Sandford ? J. B.

" Outlines of the History of Theology," 8vo.,
London, 1844, said to be privately printed. Any
information as to the author, &c. will oblige

John Martin.

Woburn Abbey.

" Mawkin." — Is this word, which signifies here
" a scarecrow," merely a Norfolk pronunciation of
mocking? i. e. an imitation of a man — composed
of coat, hat, &c. hung upon a cross bar of wood ?

J. L. S.

" Plain Dealer." — Can any one of your readers
inform me where I can see a copy of Aaron Hill's
Plain Dealer, as originally published, and before
it was collected and printed in two volumes? D.

Hymn attributed to Handel. — Can any of your
readers give information concerning a hymn which
commences thus :

" We'll proclaim the wond'rous story
Of the mercies we receive,
From the day-spring's dawn in glory,
To the fading hour of eve."

It has been attributed to Handel. On what
authority ? W. P. Storeb.

Olney, Bucks.

304

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

Degrees in Arts. — In the diploma of Master of
Arts which I obtained from the University of
Edinburgh, occur the words :

" Cunctaque consecutum esse Privilegia, Immuni-
tates, Jura, quae hie aut usquam alibi Bonarum Artium
Magistris concedi solent."

What are (or rather were, for I suppose they do
not now exist) these privilegia, immunitates, and
jura ? Annandale.

" Goloshes" — " Kutchin-hutchu" —What is the
origin of goloshes, as the name of water-proof
shoes ? It is, of course, of American derivation.
But has it any connexion with the tribe of North
American Indians, the Goloshes ? They are the
immediate neighbours of those tribes of Esqui-
maux who form water-proof boats and dresses
from the entrails of the seal ; and a confusion of
names may easily have occurred.

The expedition of Sir John Richardson to the
Arctic shores, which suggests the above Query,
-also gives rise to another. , Did any of your
readers ever amuse themselves, as children, by
"performing the dance known as hdchin kutchu-ing ;
which consists in jumping about with the legs
bent in a sitting posture ? If so, have they not
been struck with a philological mania, on seeing
his picture of the Kutchin^Kutcha Indians dan-
cing ; in which the principal performer is actually
figuring in the midst of the wild circle in the way
described. Is not the nursery term something
more than a mere coincidence ? Seleucus.

Cornwalls of London. — Perhaps some reader of
"N. & Q." may be able to inform me what were
the arms, crest, and motto of the Cornwalls of
London ? One of the family, John Cornwall, was
a Director of the Bank of England in 1769. F. C.

Beverley.

Flashs for Wine-bottles. — When, and under
what circumstances, did the common use of flasks
in this country, for holding wine, go out? Hogarth
died in 1764, and in none of his pictures, I believe,
is the wine-bottle, in its present shape, to be seen.
On the other hand, I have never found any person
able to remember the use of flasks, or indeed any
other than the wine-bottle in its present shape.
The change must have been rapidly effected be-
tween 1760 and 1790. Of course I am aware that
certain wines, Greek, I believe, are still imported
in flasks. Henry T. Riley.

Froxhalmi, Prolectricus, Phytacus, Tuleus, Can-
dos, Gracianus, and Tounu or Tonnu. — Can any
of your correspondents suggest the meaning of
these words, or either them ? They are not in
the recent Paris edition of Ducange.

Henry T. Riley.

#Ktt0r eautt'terf tot ft 3n£tocr«?.

Postmaster at Merton College. — Can you tell
me whether there is any known derivation for the
term "Postmaster," as applied to part of the mem-
bers on the Foundation of Merton College, Ox-
ford? Also, What connexion there is between
this word and the Latin for it, which is seen on
the college plate, in the words " In usum Por-
tionistarum ? " J. G. T.

Ch. Ch.

[It. seems probable that these postmasters formerly
occupied one of the postern gates of the college. Hence
we find Anthony a Wood, in his Life, August 1, 1635,
says, " A fine of 30/i. was set by the warden and fel-
lowes of Merton College. When his father renewed his
lease of the old stone-house, wherein his son A. Wood
was borne (called antiently Portionists' or Postmasters'
Hall), for forty yeares," &c. Again, April 13, 1664:
" A meeting of the warden and fellowes of Merton
College, where the renewing of the leases belonging to
the family, concerning the housing (Portionists' Hall
and its appurtenances) against Merton College, was by
them proposed." Fuller, in his Church Hist, book in.
cent. xiii. sect. 8., has given the origin of postmasters.
" There is," says he, " a by-foundation in Merton Col-
lege, a kind of college in the college, and this tradition
goeth of their original: — Anciently there was, over
against Merton College, a small unendowed hall,
whose scholars had so run in arrears, that their op-
posite neighbours, out of charity, took them into their
college (then but nine in number) to wait on the fel-
lows. But since, they are freed from any attendance,

and endowed with plentiful maintenance

Bishop Jewel was a postmaster, before removed hence
to be fellow of Corpus Christi." Consult also Oxo-
niana, vol. ii. pp. 1 5-22. The Portionistce, or Post-
masters, did not reside in the college till the latter end
of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but in a hall opposite
to it, which had been provided for the use of the col-
lege by Peter de Habinton, or Habendon, the first
warden. It afterwards became the property of the
father of Anthony a Wood, and beneath its roof that
distinguished antiquary was born, December 17, 1632.
The second brother of Anthony became one of the
postmasters of Merton College. ]

" Lyra Apostolica." — Can you inform me who
were the writers in the Lyra Apostolica who
assumed the letters o, 0, y, 5, e, f ? Tyro.

[We have heard the initials attributed to the follow-
ing writers: — a, Bowden ; 0, R. H. Froude ; y, John
Keble ; 8, J. H. Newman ; e, Isaac Williams ; f, Wil-
berforce.]

East Dereham Manor. — Is it true that " the
manor of East Dereham of the Queen" was
wrested from the See of Ely by Queen Elizabeth's
celebrated threat of " unfrocking ? " S. Z. Z. S.

[The memorable unique epistle from the maiden
Majesty of England only deprived Dr. Cox, at that
time, of his town-house and fair gardens, called Ely

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

305

Place, on Holborn Hill, reserving to himself and his
successors free access, through the gate-house, of walk-
ing in the garden, and leave to gather twenty bushels
of roses yearly therein ! During the life of Dr. Cox
an attempt was made by Elizabeth on some of the best
manors belonging to the See of Ely ; but it was not
till that of his successor, Dr. Martin Heton, that Dere-
ham Grange, with other manors, were alienated to the
Crown. See Dugdale's Monastlcon, vol. i. p. 466.]

Quakers executed in North America. — Were
there not several Quakers hanged in North
America on account of their religious opinions ?
And can you inform me where an account of the
circumstances attending this persecution (if there
ever was such an one) can be found ?

Alfred Conder.

[Three Quakers were executed at Boston in 1659'
viz. William Robinson, merchant of London ; Mar-
maduke Stevenson of Yorkshire ; and Mary Dyar.
An account of the cruelties inflicted upon them is
given in Sewell's History of the Quakers, edit. 1725,
pp. 219 — 227. ; also in a pamphlet entitled A Declara-
tion of the sad and great Persecution and Martyrdom of
the People of God, called Quakers, in New England, for
the Worshipping of God : London, printed for Robert
Wilson, in Martin's-le-Grand, 1661. It will be found
among the King's Pamphlets in the British Museum.]

Inscription in Fulham Church. — I should esteem
it a favour if any one of your numerous corre-
spondents would furnish me with a correct copy
of the inscription to the memory of the son of
Colonel Wm. Carlos, who so nobly defended
Charles II. at the battle of Worcester.

J. B. Whitborne.

[" Here lieth William Carlos of Stafford, who de-
parted this life, in the twenty-fifth yeare of his age, the
19th day of May, 1668.

'Tis not bare names that noble fathers give

To worthy sonnes : though dead, in them they live ;

For in his progeny, 'tis Heaven's decree,

Man only can on earth immortall bee :

But Heaven gives soules wh grace doth sometymes

bend
Early to God their rice and Soveraigne end.
Thus, whilst that earth, concern'd, did hope to see
Thy noble father living still in thee,
Careless of earth, to heaven thou didst aspire,
And we on earth, Carlos in thee desire."

Arms : an oak on a fesse, three regal crowns. ]

Hero of the " Spanish Lady's Love" — Was Sir
John Bolle, of Thorpe Hall, near Louth, the hero
of the Spanish Ladys Love ? The Bolle pedigree
is in Illingworth's History of Scampton.

s. z. z. s.

[According to Ormerod's Cheshire, vol. iii. p. 333.,
Sir Urian Legh, of Adlington, disputes the fact of
being the hero of that romantic affair. " Sir Urian
Legh was knighted by the Earl of Essex at the siege

of Cadiz, and during that expedition is traditionally said
to have been engaged in an adventure which gave rise
to the well-known ballad of * The Spanish Lady's
Love.' A fine original portrait of Sir Urian, in a
Spanish dress, is preserved at Bramall, which has been
copied for the family at Adlington." So that between
these two chivalrous knights it is difficult to decide
which is the famed gallant. From the care exercised
by Mr. Illingworth in collecting all the anecdotes and
notices of the Bolle family, the presumptive evidence
seems to favour his hero.]

"Bothy." — In the March Number of Black-
wood's Magazine, 1854, the word "bothy" is fre-
quently used in an article called " News from the
Farm." Will some one of your numerous corre-
spondents give me a little account of " the bothy
system ?" F. M. Middleton.

[A bothy is a cottage or hut where labouring ser-
vants are lodged, and is sometimes built of wood, as
we read in the Jacobite Belies, ii. 189.:

" Fare thee well, my native'cot,
Bothy of the birken tree !
Sair the heart, and hard the lot,
O' the lad that parts wi' thee."

Bothies, or detached houses, in which the unmarried
farm-servants sleep and prepare their victuals, and of
which there is a considerable number in Perthshire,
though convenient and beneficial in some respects, have
not, certainly, contributed to the formation of virtuous
habits. These servants are often migratory, removing
frequently at the expiration of the year, according as
humour or caprice may dictate, and, like birds of pas-
sage, taking their departure to other lands.]

" Children in the Wood." — Was Weyland Wood
in Norfolk the scene of the " Children in the
Wood?" S. Z. Z. S.

[The following account of this tradition is given in
Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xi. p. 269., Nor-
folk : — " Near the town of Watton is Weyland Wood,
vulgarly called Wailing Wood, from a tradition that
two infants were basely murdered in it by their uncle;
and which furnished the story of a beautifully pathetic
and well-known ancient ballad, entitled " The Children
in the Wood, or the Norfolk Gentleman's Last Will
and Testament," preserved in Percy's Beliques.]

%,z$\iz$.

BRYD0NE THE TOURIST.

(Vol.ix., pp. 138. 255.)

In reply to H. R. nee F., I beg to state that
the writer of the remarks alluded to, on Brydone's
Tour in Sicily and Malta, was the Rev. Robert
Finch, M.A., formerly of Balliol College in this
University, and who died about the year 1830.
When I met with Mr. Finch's honest and some-
what blunt expression of opinion, recorded in a

306

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

copy which once belonged to him, of Brydone's
Tour, I was quite ignorant of the hostile criticisms
that had appeared at different times on that once
popular work ; but knowing Mr. Finch's high cha-
racter for scholarship, and a knowledge of Italy, I
thought his remark worth sending to a publication
intended, like " N. & Q.," as " A Medium of In-
tercommunication for Literary Men, Antiquaries,"
&c, who are well able to examine a Note of the
kind ; and either to accept it as valid, or to reject
it as untenable. On referring now to some
standard works, in order to discover the opinions
of learned men respecting Mr. Brydone's Tour,
the first work I looked into was the Biographic
Universelle (in eighty-three volumes, and not yet
completed, Paris, 1811 — 1853), in vol. lix. of
which the following observations occur, under the
name of Brydone (Patrice) :

" On lui a reproche d'avoir sacrifie la verite an
plaisir de raconter des choses piquantes. On l'avait
accuse aussi d'avoir, par son indiscretion, suscite a
l'Abbe Recupero, Chanoine de Catane, une persecution
de la part de son eveque. Cette indiscretion n'eut
pas heureusement un resultat aussi facheux ; mais ses
erreurs sur plusieurs points sont evidentes ; il donne
4000 toises de hauteur a l'Etna qui n'en a que 1662 ;
il commet d'autres fautes qui ont ete relevees par les
voyageurs venus apres lui. Bartels (Briefe iiber Ka-
labrien und Sicilien, 2te Auflage, 3 Bd., 8vo., Gotting.
1791-92) est meme persuade que le voyage au sommet
de l'Etna, chef-d'oeuvre de narration, n'est qu'un roman,
et cet avis est partage par d'autres."

Gothe says (Werke, Band xxviii. pp. 189, 190. :
Stuttgart, 1830) that when he inquired at Catania
respecting the best method of ascending Mount
Etna, Chevalier Gioeni, the professor of natural
history there, gave him the following advice and
information :

" Als wir den Ritter um die Mittel befragten wie
man sich benehmen miisse um den Aetna zu besteigen,
wollte er von einer Wagniss nach dem Gipfel, be-
sonders in der gegenwartigen Jahreszeit gar nichts
horen. Ueberhaupt, sagte er, nachdem er uns um Ver-
zeihung gebeten, die hier ankommenden Fremden
sehen die Sache fiir allzuleicht an ; wir andern Nach-
barn des Berges sind schon zufrieden, wenn wir ein
paarmal in unserm Leben die beste Gelegenheit abge-
passt und den Gipfel erreicht haben. Brydone, der
zuerst durch seine Beschreibung die Lust nach diesem
Feuergipfel entziindet, ist gar nicht hinauf gekommen."

From these quotations it is evident, that Mr.
Finch was not singular in the belief he enter-
tained; and certainly the scepticism of men so
eminent as Professor Gioeni, Dr. Barthels, and
Messrs. Eyries and Parisot (the French writers
whose names are attached to the Memoir in the
Biog. Univ.), must be grounded on reasons de-
serving of attention. An ordinary reader of
Brydone would accept the account of his ascent
with implicit confidence ; but when veteran pro-

fessors, scientific men, and experienced travellers
and scholars refuse to believe that he reached the
summit of Etna, the most probable mode of ac-
counting for their incredulity is, perhaps to sup-
pose, that in their opinion he had mistaken some
other part of the mountain for the real summit.
Not having met with any detail of their reasons
for disbelief, I am only able to state their bare
assertion. In my opinion, the beautifully glow-
ing and poetical description of the magic scene
beheld by Brydone from the mountain — a de-
scription, the perusal of which, in youth, remains
for ever after imprinted on the memory, like a
passage from Addison or Gibbon, could only have
been written by an actual spectator.

John Maceay.
Oxford.

"the red cow" — cromwell's carriages, etc.
(Vol. ix., p. 87.)

I have known " The Bed Cow," at the top of
Granham Hill, near Marlborough, for fifty years,
but do not recollect ever to have heard of any
particular origin for the sign.

The old carriages at Mnnton were built about a
century and a half ago, perhaps not so much, for one
of the Baskerville family, on the occasion of his
being sheriff of the county to which he belonged,
probably Wilts or Hereford. There are two of
them : one a square coach, and the other a very
high phaeton. The Baskerville arms — Ar. a
chevron gu. between three hurts, impaling, quar-
terly, one and four, or, a cross moline az, two
and three, gu. a chevron ar. between three mul-
lets or — are painted on the panels. As I have no
ordinary of arms at hand, I cannot ascribe this im-
palement ; but will trust to some more learned
herald among your correspondents to determine
who the lady was ? When her name, perhaps
Moleyns or Molyneaux, is ascertained, reference
to a Baskerville pedigree would probably deter-
mine the husband, and the precise date of the
carriages, which could not have belonged to the
Protector.

O. Cromwell's arms were, Sable, a lion rampant
ar. There were also two families styled Williams
alias Cromwell : one of which bore, Gu. three
cheverons ar. between as many lions rampant or ;
the other, Sa. a lion rampant ar., the same as Oli-
ver's coat, and probably derived by him from the
Williams family.

I have wandered from " The Red Cow," but I
will not omit to hazard an idea for the consider-
ation of Glywysydd. Marlborough has changed
its armorial bearings several times ; but the pre-
sent coat, containing a white bull, was granted by
Harvey, Clarenceux in a.d. 1565. Cromwell was
attached to Cowbridge and its cow by family de-

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

307

scent ; so he was to Marlborough by congeniality
of sentiment with the burghers. Query, Whether,
in affection to the latter, he granted to the town
a new coat, some such as the following : Gules, a
bull passant argent, armed or, impaling a cow
passant regardant gules : and so might originate
" The Red Cow" upon Granham Hill. History is
entirely silent upon this point ; but if such a com-
bination were ever given to Marlborough, it is
quite certain that Harvey's grant was resumed at
the Restoration. I have quite forgotten to remark,
that there is a suburb at Marlborough called
Cowbridge — a fact which seems to strengthen my
hypothesis.

A cow may be borne by some name, but at
present I only recollect that of Vach : to which is
accorded, Ar. three cows' heads erased sable.
Bulls and oxen occur frequently; as in Fitz-
GefTrey, Cowley, Bull, Oxley, Oxcliffe, Oxendon,
&c. Bulls' heads belong to the families of Bul-
lock, Hillesdon, Fleming, Barbor, Frend, Gornay,
Bullman, and Williams, a baronet, &c.

Patonce.

EOX-HCNTING.

(Vol. viii., p. 172.)

As no answer to the Query on "Fox-hunting" has
yet appeared in " N. & Q.," I venture to send the
following extracts from an article in the Quarterly
Review, March 1832, on "The Management of
Hounds and Horses," by Nimrod. It appears that
" the first public notice of fox-hunting" occurs in
the reign of Richard II., who gave permission to
the Abbot of Peterborough to hunt the fox :

" In Twice's Treatise on the Craft of Hunting, Rey-
nard is thus classed:

* And for to sette young hunterys in the way

To venery, I cast me fyrst to go ;
Of which four bestes be, that is to say,

The Hare, the Herte, the Wulf, and the wild Boar :
But there ben other bestes, five of the chase,

The Buck the first, the seconde is the Do ;
The Fox the third, which hath hard grace,

The ferthe the Martyn, and the last the Roe.'

" It is indeed quite apparent, that until at most a
hundred and fifty years ago, the fox was considered as
an inferior animal of the chase ; the stag, buck, and
even hare, ranking before him. Previously to that
period, he was generally taken in nets or hays, set on
the outside of his earth : when he was hunted, it was
among rocks and crags, or woods inaccessible to horse-
men : such a scene in short, or nearly so, as we have
drawn to the life in Dandie Dinmont's primitive chasse
in Guy Mannering. It is difficult to determine when
the first regularly appointed pack of hounds appeared
among us. Dan Chaucer gives the thing in embryo :

' Aha, the fox ! and after him they ran ;
And eke with staves many another man.

Ran Coll our dogge, and Talbot, and Gerlond,
And Malkin with her distaff in her hond.
Ran cow and calf, and eke the very hogges,
So fered were for the barking of the dogges,
And shouting of the men and women eke,
They ronnen so, hem thought her hertes brake.'

" At the next stage, no doubt, neighbouring farmers
kept one or two hounds each ; and, on stated days, met
for the purpose of destroying a fox that had been doing
damage to their poultry yards. By and bye, a few
couple of strong hounds seem to have been kept by
the small country esquires or yeomen who could afford
the expense, and they joined packs. Such were called
trencher hounds, implying that they ran loose about
the house, and were not confined in kennel."

These are but short extracts, but they comprise
the whole of what is said on the first origin of
fox-hunting. The rest of the article treats of the
quality and breed of horses and hounds.

Frederick M. Middleton.

WEATHER RULES.

(Vol. viii., pp. 50. 535.)

St. Vincent' 's Day, Jan. 22. — In Brand's Popular
Antiquities, Bohn's edition, vol. i. p. 38., is to be
found the following notice of this day :

" Mr. Douce's manuscript notes say : ■ Vincenti festo
si Sol radiet, memor esto ; ' thus Englished by Abraham
Fleming :

' Remember on St. Vincent's Day,
If that the Sun his beams display.'

" T Dr. Foster is at a loss to account for the origin
of this command, &c.]"

It is probable that the concluding part of the
precept has been lost ; but a curious old manu-
script, which fell into my hands some years since,
seems to supply the deficiency. The manuscript
in question is a sort of household book, kept by a
family of small landed proprietors in the island of
Guernsey between the years 1505 and 1569. It
contains memoranda, copies of wills, settlements
of accounts, recipes, scraps of songs and parts of
hymns and prayers ; some Romanist, some An-
glican, some of the Reformed Church in France.
Among the scraps of poetry I find the following
rhymes on St. Vincent's Day ; the first three lines
of which are evidently a translation of the Latin
verse above quoted, the last containing the fact
to be remembered :

" Prens garde au jour St. Vincent,
Car sy ce jour tu vois et sent
Que le soleil soiet cler et biau,
Nous erons du vin plus que d'eau."

These lines follow immediately after the rhymed
prognostications to be drawn from the state of
the weather on St. Paul's Day, Jan. 28. As these

308

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

verses differ from those quoted in Brand, from an
Almanack printed at Basle in 1672, I here give
the Guernsey copy :

" Je tc donneray ugne doctryne
Qui te vauldra d'or ugne myne ;
Et sordement sur moy te fonde,
Car je dure autant que ce monde :
Et sy te veulx byen advertir
Et que je ne veulx point mentir.
De mortaylle guerre ou chertey.
fA line appears to be lost here]
Si le jour St. Paul le eonvers
Se trouve byaucob descouvert,
E'on aura pour celle sayson
Du bled et du foyn a foyson ;
Et sy se jour fait vant sur terre,
Ce nous synyfye guerre ;
S'yl pleut ou nege sans fallir
Le chier tans nous doet asalir;
Si de nyelle faict, brunes ou brouillars,
Selon le dyt de nos vyellars,
Mortalitey nous est ouverte."

Another line appears to be omitted here ; then
follow immediately the lines on St. Vincent's
Day. Edgar MacCulloch.

Guernsey.

The following is copied from an old manuscript
collection of curiosities in my possession. I should
"be glad to know the author's name, and that of
the book* from which it is taken : —

" Observations on Remarkable Days, to hnow how the
whole Year will succeed in Weather, Plenty, $-c.

" If it be lowering or wet on Childermas or Innocence
Day, it threatens scarcity and mortality among the
weaker sort of young people ; but if the day be very
fair, it promiseth plenty.

" If New Year's Day, in the morning, open with
dusky red clouds, it denotes strifes and debates among
great ones, and many robberies to happen that year.

" It is remarkable on Shrove Tuesday, that as the
sun shine little or much on that day, or as other wea-
ther happens, so shall every day participate more or
less of such weather till the end of Lent.

" If the sun shines clear on Palm Sunday, or Easter
Day, or either of them, there will be great store of
fair weather, plenty of corn, and other fruits of the
earth .

" If it rains on Ascension Day, though never so
little, it foretells a scarcity to ensue that year, and sick-
ness particularly among cattle ; but if it be fair and
pleasant, then to the contrary, and pleasant weather
mostly till Michaelmas.

" If it happen to rain on "Whitsunday, much thun-
der and lightning will follow, blasts, mildews, &c.
But if it be fair, great plenty of corn.

J** The Shepherd's Kalendar, by Thomas Passenger.
See " N. & Q..," Vol. viii., p. 50., where many of his
observations are quoted Ed.]

" If Midsummer Day be never so little rainy, the
hazel and walnut will be scarce, corn smitten in many
places ; but apples, pears, and plums will not be hurt.

" If on St. Swithin's Day it proves fair, a temperate
winter will follow ; but if rainy, stormy, or windy,
then the contrary.

" If St. Bartholomew Day be misty, the morning
beginning with a hoar frost, then cold weather will
soon ensue, and a sharp winter attended with many
biting frosts.

" If Michaelmas Day be fair, the sun will shine
much in the winter ; though the wind at north-east
will frequently reign long, and be very sharp and nip-
ping."

Ruby.

BINGHAM S ANTIQUITIES.

(Vol.ix., p. 197.)

I be<r to send to your correspondent Mr. Ri-
chard Bingham the following replies to his seven
Queries.

1. If there be any use in verifying so slight a
vei'bal reference to Panormitan, one of whose
huge folios, Venet. 1473, I have examined in vain,
perhaps the object might be attained by the as-
sistance of such a book as Thomassin's Veins et
Nova Ecclesim Disciplina, Jin the chapter " De
Episcopis Titularibus," torn. i.

2. Bishop Bale's description of the monks of
Bangor is to be found in his Scriptor. Britann.
Catal. Compare Richard Broughton's True Me-
morial of the ancient State of Great Britain,
pp. 39. 40, ed. an. 1650.

3. I should think in his Colloquies, and most
probably in the Peregrinatio Religionis ergo.
Erasmus, in his Modus orandi Deum, also observes
that "quidam in concionibus implorant opem
Virginis," and condemns the " vestigia veteris
Paganismi." (sigg. u and * 2, Basil, 1551.)

4. Respecting the existence of what is called
the Epistle of St. Athanasius to Eustathius, Car-
dinal Bona was right and Bingham in error.
Vide St. Athan., Opp. ii. 560, ed. Bened.

5. Bingham was seriously astray in consequence
of his misunderstanding Bona, who does not by
any means refer to Pamelius, but to the anony-
mous author of the Antiquitatwm Liturgicarum
Syntagma, who is believed to have been Floren-
tius Vanderhaer. If Pamelius is to be introduced
at all, the reference in Bingham should be, not to
" torn. iii. p. 307.," but to i. 328-30. I would re-
mark too that, in the heading of one of the ex-
tracts subjoined, "ex Vita Ambrosiana," should
be " ex Ritu Ambrosiano."

6. Joannes Semeca did not nourish a.d. 1250,
but died in 1243. Suicer wrongly refers to
" Dist. iv. cap. iv.," and Harding, more inaccu-
rately, to " Dist. iv. can. iv. (Bp. Jewel's Worhsy

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

309

ed. Jelf, i. 419.) Cap. xxviii. is tbe one intended,
and there is no corruption whatsoever.

7. Joseph Bingham was only closely following
Barrow. The first edition of l)e la Bigne's Bib-
liotheca Patrum, torn, i., also has the evidently
senseless reading, " ista quidam ego,'" instead of
" nego," about which see Comber's Roman For-
geries, ii. 187. For MSS. of the Epistles of Pope
Symmachus, your correspondent may consult the
Carmelite Lud. Jacob a. S. Carolo's Bibliotheca
Pontijicia, p. 21G. ; or, much more successfully,
De Montfaucon's Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum Ma-
nuscriptorum, Paris, 1739. B. G.

Should Mr. Bichard Bingham not yet have
verified the reference to Erasmus, I beg to furnish
him with the means of doing so ; but I am toler-
ably certain that I recollect having met with an-
other place in which this admirable writer more
fully censures those preachers of his Church who,
at the commencement of their sermons, called
upon the Virgin Mary for assistance, in a manner
somewhat similar to that in which heathen poets
used to invoke the Muses. The following passage,
however, may be quite sufficient for your corre-
spondent's purpose :

" Sed si est fons gratia?, quid opus est illi dicere Ora
pro nobis ? Non est probabile earn consuetudinem a
gravibus viris inductam, sed ab inepto quopiam, qui,
quod didicerat apud Poetas propositioni succedere in-
vocationem, pro Musa supposuit Mariam." — Des.
Erasmi Iloterod. Apologia advtrsus Rhapsodias ca-
lumniosarum querimoniarum Alberti Pit, quondam Car-
porum Principis, p. 168. Basil, in off. Froben. 1531.

B.G.

ANCIENT TENURE OF LANDS.

(Vol. IX., p. 173.)

About the close of the tenth century (and
perhaps much earlier) there began to arise two
distinct modes of holding or possessing land : the
one a feud, i. e. a stipendiary estate ; the other
allodium, the phrase applied to that species of
property which had become vested by allotment
in the conquerors of the country. The stipendiary
held of a superior ; the allodialist of no one, but
enjoyed his land as free and independent property.
The interest of the stipendiary did not originally
extend beyond his own life, but in course of time
it acquired an hereditary character which led to
the practice of subinfeudation ; for the stipendiary
or feudatory, considering himself as substantially
the owner, began to imitate the example of his
lord by carving out portions of the feud to be
held of himself by some other person, on the
terms and conditions similar to those of the ori-
ginal grant. Here B. must be looked upon as only
vassal to A., his superior or lord ; and although

feuds did not originally extend beyond the life
of the first vassal, yet in process of time they were
extended to his heirs, so that when the feudatory
died, his male descendants were admitted to the
succession, and in default of them, then such of
his male collateral kindred as were of the blood
of the first feudatory, but no others; therefore,
in default of these, it would consequently revert
to A., who had a reversionary interest in the feud
capable of taking effect as soon as B.'s interest
should determine. If the subinfeudatory lord
alienated, it would operate as a forfeiture to the
person in immediate reversion. W. T. T.

As a very brief reply to the queries of J. B.,
permit me to make the following observations.

The Queen is lady paramount of all the lands
in England ; every estate in land being holden,
immediately or mediately, of the crown. This
doctrine was settled shortly after the Norman
Conquest, and is still an axiom of law.

Until the statute Quia Emptores, 18 Edw. I., a
tenant in fee simple might grant lands to be holden
by the grantee and his heirs of the grantor and his
heirs, subject to feudal services and to escheat ;
and by such subinfeudation manors were created.

The above-named statute forbade the future sub-
infeudation of lands, and consequently hindered
the further creation of manors. Since the statute
a seller of the fee can but transfer his tenure.
There are instances in which one manor, is holden
of another, both having been created before the
statute.

In the instance mentioned by J. B. it is pre-
sumed that the hamlet escheated to the heirs of
A. on failure of the heirs of B. (See the statute
De Donis Conditionalibus, 13 Edw. I.)

It is not, and never was, necessary, or even
possible, that the lord of a manor should be the
owner of all the lands therein ; on the contrary,
if he were, there would be no manor; for a manor
cannot subsist without a court baron, and there
can be no such court unless there are freehold
tenants (at least two in number) holding of the
lord. The land retained by the lord consists of
his own demesne and the wastes, which last com-
prise the highways and commons. If the lord
should alienate all the lands, but retain his lord-
ship, the latter becomes a seignory in gross.

Such was and is the tenure of lands in England,
so far as concerns the queries of J. B. He will
find the subject lucidly explained at great length
in the second volume of Blackstone's Commen-
taries. I. Ctus.

Lincoln's Inn.

I think that J. B. will find in Blackstone, or any
elementary book on the law of real property, all
the information which he requires. The case
which he puts was, I suppose, the common case

310

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

of subinfeudation before the statute of Quia Em-
ptores, 18 Edw. I. A., the feoffor, reserved to
himself no estate or reversion in the land, but the
seignory only, with the rent and services, by
virtue of which he might again become entitled
to the land by escheat, as for want of heirs of the
feoffee, or by forfeiture, as for felony. If the
feoffment were in tail, the land would then, as
now, revert on failure of issue, unless the entail
had been previously barred. The right of aliena-
tion was gradually acquired ; the above statute
of Quia Emptores was the most important enact-
ment in that behalf. With this exception, and
the right to devise and to bar entails, the lords of
manors have the same interest in the land held by
freeholders of the manor that they had in times
of subinfeudation. (Blackstone's Comm., vol. ii.
ch. 287., may be carefully consulted.) H. P.

Lincoln's Inn.

PHOTOGKAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Spots on Collodion Pictures, §-c. — The principal dif-
ficulty I experience in the collodion process is occa-
sioned by the appearance of numberless very minute
spots or points over the whole extent of the picture.
These occurring on the whites of my pictures (posi-
tives) give them a rough, rubbed, appearance and want
of density, which I should feel obliged if any of your
correspondents can teach me how to overcome.

One of your photographic querists inquires the re-
medy for his calotype negatives darkening all over
before the minor details are brought out. I had for
a long time been troubled in the same way, but by
diminishing the aperture of my three-inch lens to half
an inch, and reducing the strength of my sensitising
solution to that given by Dr. Diamond, and, in addi-
tion, by developing with gallic acid alone until the
picture became tolerably distinct in all its parts, and
then applying the gallo-nitrate, I have quite succeeded
in obtaining first-rate negatives. It is well to prepare
only a small quantity of aceto-nitrate at once, as the
acetic acid is of a sufficiently volatile nature to escape
from the solution, which is a not unfrequent cause of
the general darkening of the picture. It would be
well to substitute a more fixed acid for the acetic if
this be practicable, as it is in the collodion process,
where tartaric is recommended. H. C. Cowley.

Devizes, Wilts.

The Double Iodide Solution The great difference in

the quantity of iodide of potassium ordered by different
persons, to dissolve a given weight of iodide of silver in
a given volume of water, has induced me to make
some experiments on the subject. I find that using
pure nitrate of silver, and perfectly pure iodide of
potassium (part of a parcel for which Mr. Arnold, who
manufactures iodine on a large scale in this island, got
a medal at the Exhibition of 1851), the quantity of
iodide of potassium required varies, cateris paribus, to
the extent of 15 per cent., with the quantity of water
added to the iodide of silver before adding the iodide

of potassium ; the minimum required being when the
two salts act on each other in as dry a form as possible.
Take the precipitate of iodide of silver, got by decom-
posing 100 grains of nitrate of silver with 97'66 grains
of iodide of potassium ; drain off the last water com-
pletely, so that the precipitate occupies not more than
five or six drachms by measure ; throw on it 640 grains
of iodide of potassium ; rapid solution ensues ; when
perfectly clear, add water up to four ounces: the solu-
tion remains unclouded. But if two or three ounces
of water had been first poured on the iodide of silver,
680 grains, as I stated in my former paper, would have
been required, and perhaps 734. The rationale is, I
suppose, that in a concentrated form the salts act on
each other with greater energy, and a smaller quantity
of the solvent is required than if it is diluted. Many
analogous cases occur in chemistry. I hope this little
experiment will be useful to others, as a saving of
15 per cent, on the iodide of potassium is gained. As
a large body of precipitated iodide of silver can be
more completely drained than a smaller quantity, in
practice it will be found that small precipitates require
a few grains more than I have stated : thus, throw on
the precipitate of iodide of silver (got from 150 grains
of nitrate), drained dry, 960 grains of iodide of potas-
sium ; solution rapidly ensues, which, being made up
to six ounces, the whole remains perfectly clear ;
whereas the iodide of silver thrown down from
50 grains of nitrate, similarly treated with 320 grains
of iodide of potassium, and made up to two ounces
(the proportional quantities), will probably require
10 or 15 grains more of iodide to effect perfect solu-
tion, the reason being that it contained a greater quan-
tity of water pro rata than the first.

The following table, showing the exact quantities of
iodide of potassium required to decompose 50, 100,
and 150 grains of nitrate of silver, the resulting weight
of iodide of silver, and the weight of iodide of potas-
sium to make a clear solution up to 2, 4, and 6 ounces,
will often be found useful :

Grs. Grs. Grs.

Nitrate of silver - - 50 100 150

Iodide of potassium - 48-83 97-66 146-49
Iodide of silver - - 68-82 137-64 206-46
Iodide of potassium - 320 640 960

Water up to - - - 2 oz. 4 oz. 6 oz.

T. L. Mansell, A.B., M.D.
Guernsey.

Mounting Photographs (Vol. ix., p. 282.). — J. L. S.
will find the " Indian-rubber glue," which is sold in
tin cases, the simplest and cleanest substance for
mounting positives ; it also possesses the advantage of
being free from the attacks of insects. Seleucus.

&t$\it£ to Minor l&utviti.

Books on Bells (Vol. ix., p. 240.). — Add to
Mr. Ellacombe's curious list of books on bells
the following :

" Duo Vota consultiva, unum de Campanis, alterum
de Coemeteriis. In quibus de utriusque antiquitate,

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

311

consecratione, usu et effectibus plene agitur, pluraque
scitu dignissima ad propositi casus, aliorumque in praxi,
hac de re occurrentium decisionem, non injucunde ad-
ducuntur. Auctore D. Augustino Barbosa, Proto-
notario Apostolico, Eminentissimorum DD. Cardina-
lium Sacrae Congregationis Indicis Consul tore, Abbate
de Mentrestido, ac insignis Ecclesia; Vimarensis The-
saurario majore." [4to., no place nor date.]

I have here given the full title of a pamphlet of
112 pages, exclusive of title, which I purchased
about twenty years since of Rodd, the honour-
able and intelligent bookseller of Great Newport
Street. It came from the library of Professor
J. F. Vandevelde of Louvaine. Some former pos-
sessor has written before the title, " Quamvis tan-
tum libellus tamen rarissimus," and it is, perhaps,
the only copy in this country. It is not in the
Bodleian catalogue, nor was it in Mr. Douce's
library. P. B.

Medal in Honour of Chevalier St. George
(Vol. ix., p. 105.). — A. S. inquires about a medal
supposed to have been struck in honour of Prince
James (Chevalier St. George) ; but his account of
it is so vague, that I am unable to answer his
question. If he will describe the medal, or state
the grounds upon which he supposes such a medal
to have existed, I will endeavour to solve his
doubts. H.

Dean Swift's Suspension (Vol. ix., p. 244.). —
I am surprised that Abhba should express a
belief that the circumstances of Swift's college
punishment have not been noticed by any of his
biographers, when every syllable of his commu-
nication is detailed (with original documentary
proofs) in Dr. Barrett's Early Life of Swift, and
is in substance repeated in Sir Walter Scott's
Life, prefixed to Swift's works. C.

" Vanitatem observare" (Vol. ix., p. 247.). — -I
am sorry to have given your correspondent F. C. H.
a wrong reference, and I am not quite sure about
the right one ; but I think it is to a Latin trans-
lation of the Council of Laodicea, a.d. 366, c. 36.

R. H. G.

Ballina Castle, Mayo (Vol. viii., p. 411.) I

have no idea to what place O. L. R. G. can allude
as Ballina Castle; there is no place, ancient or
modern, about that town, that has that name ; and
the only place with the title of castle in the neigh-
bourhood, is a gentleman's modern residence of
no great pretensions either as to size or beauty.
He perhaps alludes to Belleck Abbey, which is a
fine building ; but, notwithstanding its title, is of
still more modern date than the so-called castle.
I am not aware of any recent historical or descrip-
tive work on the county generally. Cgesar Otway,
Maxwell, and the Saxon in Ireland, have confined
their descriptions to the "Wild West;" and the

crowd of tourists appear to follow in their track,
leaving the far finer central and eastern districts
untouched. The first-named tourist appears to
have projected another work on the county, but
never published it. J. S. Wardex.

Dorset (Vol. ix., p. 247.). — Nares gives various
spellings, as douset, dowset, doulcet, but in all
equally derived from dulcet, "sweet;" and Halli-
well has " doucet drinkes ;" so that the great
Manchester philosopher had probably been in-
dulging in a too copious libation of some sweet
wine, which he styles " foolish Dorset." F. R. R.

Dorchester beer had acquired a very great
name, and was sent about England. Out of the
shire it was called " Dorset Beer," or " Dorset."
That town has lost its fame for brewing beer.

G. R. L.

Judicial Rank hereditary (Vol. viii , p. 384.). —
Such a list as your correspondent gives is not
easily paralleled, it is true, in the judicial annals
of England or Ireland ; but in Scotland he might
have found cases in considerable number to equal
or surpass those which he mentions : for instance,
in the family of Dundas of Arniston, respecting
which I find the following note in the Quarterly
Review, vol. lvii. p. 462. :

" The series is so remarkable, that we subjoin the
details: — Sir James Dundas, judge of the Court of
Session, 1662; Robert Dundas, son of Sir James,
judge of the Court of Session from 1689 to 1727;
Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-
General and Lord Advocate, M. P. for the county of
Edinburgh, judge of the Court of Session 1737, Lord
President 1748, died in 1 753 (father of Henry, Viscount
Melville) ; Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively
Solicitor- General and Lord Advocate, and member for
the county, Lord President from 1760 to 1787 ; Robert
Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor- General
and Lord Advocate, Lord Chief Baron from 1801 to
1819; all these judges, except the Chief Baron, had
been known in Scotland by the title of Lord Arniston.
They were, we need hardly add, all men of talents, but
the two Lords President Arniston were of superior
eminence in legal and constitutional learning."

The Hope family, and some other Scottish ones,
present as numerous a display of legal dignitaries
as the above ; but the hereditary succession from
father to son is perhaps not equalled, certainly not
excelled, in any age or country. In fact, let the
opponents of hereditary honours say what they
will, there is no description of talent except the
poetical that has not frequently remained in the
same family for several generations unabated.

J. S. Wardet*.

Tolling the Bell on leaving Church (Vol. ix.,
p. 125.). — In reply to J. H. M.'s Query, I beg to
state that the chief reason for tolling the bell
while the congregation is leaving church, is to

312

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

inform the parishioners who have not been able
to attend in the morning, that divine service will
be celebrated in the afternoon. In scattered
villages, or where a single clergyman had to per-
form the duties of more than one church, this was
formerly quite requisite. At a neighbouring
village of Tytherly, the custom is still observed,
though no longer necessary. W. S.

There is little doubt that priests in olden times
were fond of hot dinners, and the bell at the con-
clusion of the service must have been intended as
a warning to their cooks (and many others) to
make ready the repast. This is merely a sup-
position ; but I shall cherish the idea in the want
of a better explanation. The custom has been,
until very lately, observed in our little country
church. There are other customs which are still
kept up, namely, that of tolling the church bell at
eight o'clock on Sunday morning, and again at
nine, as well as that of ringing a small bell when
the clergyman enters the reading-desk. E. W. J.

Crawley, Winchester.

I believe that the custom of tolling the bell
when the congregation is leaving the church, is to
notify that there will be another service in the
day. This is certainly the reason in this parish
(in Leicestershire) ; for after the second service
the bell is not tolled, nor if, on any account, there
is no afternoon service. - S. S. S.

When I was Lecturer of St. Andrew's, Enfield,
the bells rang out a short peculiar peal immedi-
ately after Sunday Morning Prayer. I always
thought it was probably designed to give notice to
approaching funeral processions that the church
service was over, as in the country burials —
usually there always on Sundays — immediately
follow the celebration of morning service.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

I beg to inform your correspondent J. H. M.
that this is often done at Bray, near Maidenhead.

Newbcbiensis.

The custom observed at Olney Church after
the morning service, I have heard, is to apprize
the congregation of a vesper service to follow.

W. P. Stobee.

Olney, Bucks.

Archpriest in the Diocese of Exeter (Vol. ix.,
p. 185.). — Besides the archpriest of Haccombe,
there were others in the same diocese ; but, to
quote the words of Dr. Oliver, in his Monasticon,
Dioc. Exon., p. 287.,

" He would claim no peculiar exemption from the
jurisdiction of his ordinary, nor of his archdeacon; he
was precisely on the same footing as the superiors
of the archpreshyteries at Penkivell, Beerferris, and
Whitchurch, which were instituted in this diocese in

the early part of the fourteenth century. The found-
ation deed of the last was the model in founding that of
Haccomhe."

In the same work copies of the foundation
deeds of the archipresbytery of Haccombe and
Beer are printed.

One would suppose that wherever there was a
collegiate body of clergymen established for the
purposes of the daily and nightly offices of the
church, as chantry priests, that one of them would
be considered tbe superior, or archipresbyter.

Godolphin, in Rep. Can., 56., says that by the
canon law, he that is archipresbyter is also called
dean. Query, Would he then be other than
" Primus inter pares ? "

Prince, in his Worthies, calls the Rector of
Haccombe " a kind of chorepiscopus ; " and in a
note refers to Dr. Field Of the Church, lib. v. c. 37.

With regard to the Vicar of Bibury (quoted by
Mr.Sansom, "N. & Q.," Vol. he., p. 185.), he
founded his exemption from spiritual jurisdiction,
I believe, upon his holding a Peculiar, and not as
an archpriest. H. T. Ellacombe.

Clyst St. George.

Dogs in Monumental Brasses (Vol. ix., p. 126.).
— I have always understood (but I cannot say on
any authority) that the dogs at the feet of monu-
mental effigies of knights were symbolical of
fidelity. That signification would certainly be
very appropriate in monuments of crusaders,
where, I believe, they are generally found. And
I would suggest to Mb. Alford, that the idea
might not have been confined to fidelity in keep-
ing the vow of the Cross, but might have been
extended to other religious vows : in which case
the ladies undoubtedly might sometimes claim the
canine appendage to their effigies. The lion might
perhaps symbolise courage, in which ladies are not
commonly supposed to excel. M. H. 11.

The Last of the Palceologi (Vol. v., pp. 173. 280.
357.). — The following scrap of information may
be useful to L. L. L. and others, if too long a
time has not gone by since the subject was under
discussion. In The List of the Army raised under
the Command of his Excellency Robert Earle of
Essex, &c. : London, printed for John Partridge,
1642, of which I have seen a manuscript copy, the
name of Thco. Palioligus occurs as Lieutenant in
" The Lord Saint John's Regiment."

Edward Peacock.

Bottcsford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey.

Long Names (Vol. viii., pp.539. 651.). — Allow
me to add the following polysyllabic names to
those supplied by your correspondents: — Llanvair-
pwllgivyngyll, a living in the diocese of Bangor,
became vacant in March, 1850, by the death of
its incumbent, the Rev. Richard Prichard, ast.

April I. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

313

ninety-three. The labour of writing the name of
his benefice does not seem to have shortened his
days.

The following are the names of two employes. m
the finance department at Madrid : — Don Epifanio
Mirurzururdund.ua y Zengotita ; Don Juan Nepo-
•muceno de Burionagonatotorecagogeazcoecha.

There was, until 1851, a major in the British
army named Teyoninhokarawen (one single name).

G. L. S.

Elizabeth Seymour (Vol. ix., p. 174.). — Ac-
cording to Collins, —

" Sir E. Seymour, first baronet, married Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Arthur Champeirion, of Dartington,
co. Devon, by whom he had, besides other issue, a
daughter Elizabeth, who married George Cary, of
Cockington, co. Devon. Sir Edward Seymour, third
baronet, married Anne, daughter of Sir William Port-
man, and left, besides sons, a daughter, also named
Elizabeth, who married Sir Joseph Tredenham, of
Tregony in Cornwall, Knight."
These two ladies, whose similarity of name pro-
bably caused the confusion, must have lived at
least half a century apart. A. B.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Those who share the well-grounded opinion of Mr.
Petit, that we cannot fully enter into the character of
English architecture unless we give some attention also
to French, German, and Italian, will gladly turn to
the very profusely and handsomely-illustrated-volume
which he has just issued, under the modest title of
Architectural Studies in France, by the Rev. J. L. Petit,
M.A., F. S. A., with Illustrations from Drawings by the
Author and P. H. Delamotte. It is of course impos-
sible, within the limits of our brief notice, to enter into
any examination of Mr. Petit's views upon the subject
of Gothic architecture, the principles of which he be-
lieves to have been more completely developed at an
early period in England than anywhere else ; and we
must therefore content ourselves with directing atten-
tion to the book itself, which will in no small degree
supply to the architectural student desirous of study-
ing French buildings, the opportunity of doing so ;
jmd that too under the guidance of one well qualified
to direct his steps. Mr. Petit has long been known to
the antiquarian world as one of our greatest authori-
ties on the subject of Gothic architecture ; and his
various papers, illustrated by his own bold yet effective
sketches in the Archaeological Journal, may have pre-
pared some of our readers for a volume of great im-
portance ; yet we think even they will be surprised at
the interest and beauty of the present book. Mr. Petit,
who has had on this occasion the assistance of Mr. De-
lamotte as a draughtsman, expresses his hope that at
some future time he may avail himself of that gentle-
man's skill as a photographer.

There Is, perhaps, no man of letters, no man of
science, of whom the world possesses so unsatisfactory

an account as Jerome Cardan. The author of Palissy
the Potter has therefore done good service, and exe-
cuted a task worthy of himself, by The Life of Girolamo
Cardano, of Milan, Physician. In two small readable
volumes, rich in all the characteristics of his own pe-
culiar mode of treatment, Mr. Morley has given us not
only a clear view of the life and character of Cardan,
based on a diligent and careful examination of his vo-
luminous writings — for Cardan reckoned that he had
published one hundred and thirty-one books, and left
in MS. nearly as many — but also a striking picture
of the age in which he lived ; and the work, which is
one of great interest to the general reader, is made still
more valuable to the literary .antiquary by the accuracy
with which Mr. Morley quotes his authorities.

Some interesting manuscripts were sold by Messrs.
Plittick and Simpson on Wednesday, the 22nd ultimo,
including original letters by Blake, Penn, Monk, Nel-
son, and other of our most renowned admirals ; and of
Charles I. and Charles II., Oliver and Richard Crom-
well, Desborough ; and numerous autographs of Com-
monwealth celebrities. The chief lot was a letter from
Cromwell to Pastor Cotton, in New England, written
shortly after the battle of Worcester, in which he al-
ludes to the difficulties he has experienced in treating
with some of the Scotch party. Mr. Carlyle had not
seen the original, but used the copy among the Arun-
del MSS. It was knocked down to Mr. Stevens, the
American agent, for 361. A printed broadsheet of the
Peace of Breda sold for 3/. 7s. A letter of Richard
Cromwell brought 41. An autograph of Queen Bess
brought 21. ; and one of Edward VI. brought 21. 8s.
Autographs of Mary are less common : one in this col-
lection realised 31. 7s. One of Nelson's letters to Lady
Hamilton brought 21. 2s. Altogether, the prices re-
alised were good.

Books Received. — Lives of the Queens of England,
by Agnes Strickland, Vol. III. This new volume of
the cheaper edition of Miss Strickland's popular regal
biographies comprises the Lives of Jane Seymour,
Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard, Katherine Parr,
and Mary. — The Works of the Jit. Hon. Joseph Ad-
dison, with Notes by Bishop Hurd, Vol. II., is the new
volume of Bohn's British Classics, and comprises Ad-
dison's contributions to the Taller and Spectator. —
In the same publisher's Standard Library, we have the
third volume of his edition of Southey's Works and
Correspondence of Cowper, which embraces his Letters
between the years 17S3 and 1788. — Cyclopaedia Bib-
liographica, Part XVIII., which extends from Shepherd
(Rev. E. J.) to Surtees (Rev. Scott F.). — Whitaker's
Educational Register, 1854. The work, which has
undergone some modifications, is now confined alto-
gether to Educational Statistics, of which it is a most
valuable compendium. — Remains of Pagan Snxondom,
by J. Y. Ackerman, Parts VIII. and IX. The con-
tents of these numbers are: — Fragments from a Tu-
mulus at Caenby, Lincolnshire ; Fibula from Ingarsby,
Leicestershire; Glass Drinking-vessels from Ceme-
teries in Kent ; Fibulas from Rugby, Warwickshire.
The great peculiarity of this Series is, that the objects
are drawn of the size of the originals ; thus affording
great facilities for comparing them with remains of
similar character.

314

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 231.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Volume of the London Polyglott which contains the

Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
Carlisle on Grammar Schools.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.

*»» Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Allister's Paradigma Chess Openings.

Natt's Sermons preached at St. Sepulchre.

Armytage's (Rev. J., of Tidenham) Sermons.

Mayhew's London Life and Labour. Complete.

Nicholson's Lectures on Hezekiah.

Walton and Cotton's Angler. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.

Wanted by Mr. Hat/ward, Bookseller, Bath.

Penny Cyclopedia. Part 92. (For September, 1840 )
Wanted by A. Baden, Jun., 1. Old Broad Street.

London Labour and the London Poor. 44 various Numbers,

several of many of them.
Knight's National Cyclopaedia. 32 Parts.
Almanack of the Month, by Gilbert A. A'Beckett. Jan., Feb.,

June, Sept., and Dec, 1846.

Wanted by Geo. Newbold, 8. Regent Street, Vauxhall Road.

An Essay Explanatory of the Tempest Prognosticator in
the Building of Great Exhibition. The last edition.

, Wanted by J. T. C, care of Messrs. M'Gee & Co., Nassau
Street, Dublin.

The Family Instructor, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford,

Talboys.
Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany. 1724.
Hazlitt's Select Poets of Great Britain. 1825.
The Lady's Poetical Magazine, or Beauties of British Poets.

4 Vols. London, 1781.
The Hive, containing Vol. I. First Edition. (3 Vols.)
The Hive. Vol. III. 4th Edition. (Edition in 4 Vols.)
London Magazine. Vols, after the year 1763.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Evans's Old Ballads. Vol. I. 1810.

Any of the Sermons, Tracts, &c, by the late Rev. A. G. Jewitt.
History of Lincoln, by A. Jewitt.

Howitt's Gipsy King, and other Poems. Either one or two
copies.

Wanted by R. Keene, Bookseller, Irongate, Derby.

The Epicure's Almanack for 1815.

Wanted by George R. Corner, 19. Tooley Street.

A. J. N. (Birmingham). Will this Correspondent let us see the
papers respecting John Henderson ?

J. C. K. The coin is a penny of Henry III., struck in London.

Mr. Pinkerton' s letter has been forwarded to Eirionnach.

F. C. J. We cannot discover that James Murray, the second
and last Earl of Annandale, was executed. The Earl joined
Montrose alter the battle of Kilsyth, and upon that heroic chief-
tain's defeat retired to England, where he died in 1658. At his
death the titles of Annandale, Annand, and Murray of Lochma-
ben, became extinct, and those of Stormont and Scoon devolved on
David, second Lord Balvaird, who married the Earl's widow.
See the Earldom of Mansfield in Burke's Peerage.

Sanders's History of Shenstone. — Will any reader of "N.
& Q." oblige me by lending me a copy of Sanders's History of
Shenstone ? Of course I would pay the carriage and expenses.
A letter would find me directed, Cid, Post Office, Stourbridge,
Worcestershire.

B. H. A. For the derivation of Czar, see our last Volume,
pp. 150. 226. 422.

T. H. On the Lord Mayor being a Privy Councillor, see our
Fourth Volume passim.

S. C. (Norwich). The line —

" When Greeks joined Greeks then was the tug of war " —
is from Lee's Alexander the Great.

Piscator will find ample illustration of " ampers and and the
character & " in our last Volume (8th), pp. 173. 223. 254. 327.
376. 524.

A. Baden, Jun., will find that his Query respecting the pro-
nunciation of Tea in Queen Anne's time, has already been treated
of in the curious discussion on Irish Rhymes in our 6th, 7th, and
8th Volumes.

X. Y. Z. Brother-german is a brother by the father's or
mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, or by the
mother only.

E. H. M'L. Some examples of wage, the singular of wages,
are given in Todd's Johnson : consult also Richardson, s. v.

Gallo-N itrate. — 1 . We advise you to try the formula given in
our former Number (Vol. vii., p. 324.) for positives ; 30 graint
of nitrate of silver may do, but it is not very active. 2. A glass
rod is inappropriate ; it works up the albumen into a lather.
3. Towgood's paper will take the albumen very excellently. As
we have often said before, when you mny obtain certain excellent
results from known good formula?, why waste your time upon
uncertainties ?

T. D. L. If your bath contains the smallest portion of hypo.,
or any salt of iron, it is useless. Precipitate the silver with salt ;
collect and reduce it to its metallic state.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

GROSJEAN'S

CELEBRATED TROWSERS,

16s. per Pair.
109. REGENT STREET.

ANE THOUSAND BED-

\J STEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.—

HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises handsomely
Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads,
Children's Cribs and Cots of new and elegant
designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufac-
ture, many of them fitted with Furnitures,
complete. A large Assortment of Servants
and Portable Bedsteads. They have also every
variety of Furniture for the complete furnish-
ing of a Bed Room.

HEAL & SON'S n.LTJSTRATED AND
PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS
AND BEDDING, sent Free by Post.
HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLLNG-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

SURPLICES.

GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton,
Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of
EASTER.

PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
Stations.

THE EMPRESS OF CHINA'S
TEA. — Recommended by the Faculty
for its purity, by the nobility and gentry for
its choice quality (which is always the samel,
and by the trade for its general superiority and
moderate price.

MOORE & CO., 14. Little Tower Street.
London. Sold retail at 27. COVENTRY
ST., HAYMARKET. and by their Agents
throughout the kingdom. Price 4s. id. per
lb., in tins of various sizes. Agents wanted
(tea-dealers only) where none are appointed.

April 1. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

315

ARCHER'S REGISTERED
FOLDING CAMERA. - This new form
of Camera combines portability with the power
of expansion, and is capable of taking pictures
from 3X4 to 10X8, in the open air without a
tent.

It is made to contain the lens, baths, bottles,
&c, necessary for an excursion, packed up and
ready for use, in an upright position.

It is applicable to all the known processes in
Photography.

Further particulars can be obtained of MR.
ARCHER, 105. Great Russell Street, Blooms-
bury, who supplies all other Apparatus neces-
sary in Photography, Collodion, pure Chemi-
cals, &c. Portraits on Glass.

An assortment of Prints on Sale, "Works of
Art copied, &c. &o.

pLASSICAL MUSICAL LI-

\J BRARY Subscribers are liberally sup-
plied, on loan, with every description of New
Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
at their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes,
including the Standard Operas, Italian, Ger-
man, French, and English Songs, and all
kinds of Instrumental Music. During the
Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the
privilege of selecting — for his own property —
from 100,000 different pieces, 3 Guineas worth
of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on
application.

JULLIEN St CO., 214. Regent Street.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4

guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
ases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and U. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
arc best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age: — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or dra wing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. blew-
ltt, J. Briz/i, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse",
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Haves. W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A. Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Pracar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Kodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

riHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the

\J recent improvements. Strong fire-proof

safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of

sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHTTBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,

London ; 28. Lord Street, Li verpool ; 16.Mar-

ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,

Wolverhampton.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - - 1 1 0

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 6 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS. —
Second hand Camera for Sale, with
Ross's 2J inch lens, capable of taking pictures
Si by 6J. Two double Shutters for paper, and
one for Collodion, adjusting Front, &c. Price,
71. 10s. For farther particulars apply to MR.
DIXEY, King's Road, Brighton.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unat tained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art,—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.- MESSRS

* ♦ *A- B1A,RI(2N' & 9°- be* to inf°rm the
Artists and Amateurs that they are now readv
to supply them with papers manufactured ex-
pressly for Photographic purposes: since it
has been tried it has received the unanimous
good opinion of the most successful operators

Positive and Negative (not prepared). Simple
baited, and Salted Albumenized Positive,
simple Waxed, and Waxed Iodized Negative
Gummed Paper, and Cards for Mounting'
Proofs. ■

PAPETERIE MARION, 152. Regent Street.

PHOTOGRAPHS Mounted and
Framed in every Style, by E. FOX
75 a. Little Britain, City, Mounter to the Pho-
tographic Society, Polytechnic, and Photo-
graphic Institutions.

E. F. begs to inform the Profession and
Amateurs that from his great experience in
Photograph Mounting, Framing, &c, he can
guarantee perfect satisfaction both as regards
Style and Price.

Mounts and Passepartouts of every de-
scription.

Price Lists sent on application.

Gentlemen waited on at their residences.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, materials, and pure CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.
GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell,Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley,Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rales of Premium for Assuring
100(.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—

£ s. d.

- 2 10 8

- 2 18 6

- 3 8 2

Age £ s. d. Age

17 - - - 1 14 4 32-

22 - - - 1 18 8 37 -

27- - -245 42 -

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
Stc. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Farlia
ment Street, London.

316

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 23 L

WORKS

PRINTED FOR

WALTON & MABERLY,

28. UPPER GOWER STREET, and 27. IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.

COMPLETION OF A VOLUME.

Now ready, VOLUME L, price Is. Cd., 5n

handsome boards,

LARDNER'S MUSEUM OF
SCIENCE AND ART.- A Miscellany
of Instructive and Amusinc Tracts on the
Physical Sciences, and on their Application to
the Uses of Life. Illustrated by Engravings on
Wood.

Contents.

PART I., price 5rf.

1. The Planets ; Arc they Inhabited Globes ?

2. Weather Prognostics,

3. The Planets. Chap. II.

4. Popular Fallacies in Questions of Physical

Science.

PART II., price Sd.

5. Latitudes and Longitudes.

6. The Planets. Chap. III.

7. Lunar Influences.

8. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars.

Chap I.

PART III., price 6c7.

9. Railway Accidents. Chap. I.

10. The Planets. Chap. IV.

11. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars.

Chap. II.

12. Railway Accidents. Chap. II.

13. Light.

*** Continued in Weekly Numbers, Monthly
Parts, and Quarterly Volumes.

" This series, besides affording popular but
sound instruction on scientific subjects, with
which the humblest man in the country ought
to be acquainted, also undertakes that teach-
ing of 'common things' which Lord Ashbur-
ton and every well-wisher of his kind are
anxious to promote." — The Times, Feb. 9, 1854.

"A cheap and interesting publication, alike
informing and attractive. The papers combine
subjects of importance with great scientific
knowledge, considerable inductive powers, and
a popular style of treatment." — Spectator.

Also, PART IV., price 5c?., containing,

14. Common Things. Air.

15. Locomotion in America. Chap. I.

16. Cometary Influences. Chap. I.

1". Locomotion in America. Chap. II.

London : WALTON & MABERLY, Uoper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

THIRD COURSE OF DR. LARDNER'S
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

This Day, 1 vol., 37 Plates, and 200 Woodcuts,
price 16s. 6d.

■TvR. LARDNER'S HAND-
LE BOOK of ASTRONOMY and METEO-
ROLOGY. Being the Third Course of the
" Handbook of Natural Philosophy and Astro-
nomy."

By the same Author,

FIRST COURSE: MECHANICS, HY-
DROSTATICS. HYDRAULICS, PNEU-
MATICS. SOUND, OPTICS. 400 Woodcuts.
Trice 12s. 6d.

SECOND COURSE: HEAT. COMMON
ELECTRICITY. MAGNETISM, VOL-
TAIC ELECTRICITY. 200 Woodcuts. Ss.orf.

London : WALTON k MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

NEW WORK ON ARITHMETIC.
I2mo.,5s. cloth.

1 COURSE OF ARITHME-

t\_ TIC AS TAUGHT IN THE PES-
TALLOZZIAN SCHOOL, WORKSOP. By
J. L. ELLENBERGER.

"A happy combination of theory and prac-
tice, containing explanation and demonstra-
tion enouzh to afford wholesome mental disci-
pline, and yet not too difficult to be understood
by pupils of average ability. In every case the
reason why a particular process is adopted in
order to obtain the desired result is clearly set
forth." — A thenceum.

London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

PROFESSOR BOOLE'S NEW WORK.
Jnst published, 8vo„ 14s.,

THE LAWS OF THOUGHT,
on which are founded the Mathematical
Theories of Logic anl Probabilities. By
GEORGE BOOLE, Professor of Mathematics
in Queen's College, Cork.
London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

Just published, fcp.8vo., Is. 9d.,

I7UCLID EXPLAINED. — The
1/ First Book of Euclid Explained to Be-
ginners. By C. P. MASON, B. A., Fellow of
University College, and Principal of Denmark
Hill Grammar School.

London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASS O-
CIATION.

Just published, crown 8vo., Is. sewed, Is. 6d.
cloth,

1 BUSINESS AS IT IS AND
> AS IT MIGHT BE. By JOSEPH
LYNDALL.

This work obtained the prize of fifty guineas
offered hy the Youne Men's Christian Asso-
ciation for the best Essay on the Evils of the
Present System of Business, and the Difficulties
they present to the Attainment and Develop-
ment of Personal Piety, with Suggestions for
their Removal. .
London : WALTON & MABERLY. Upper

Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

Second Edition, 500 Woodcuts, 27. 2s.,

DR. WM. SMITH'S DIC-
TIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN
ANTIQUITIES. By various Writers. Me-
dium 8vo.

London : WALTON & MABERLY", Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

500 Woodcuts, 3 vols, medium 8vo., 5?. 15s. 6c7.,

DR. WM. SMITHS Dic-
tionary OF GRE F.K A ND ROMAN
BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY. By
various Writers.

London: WALTON * MABERLY. Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Pateruoster Row.

MR. QUAIN'S NEW WORK.

Now ready, crown 8vo., with coloured Plates,
7s. &/., cloth,

DISEASES of the RECTUM.
By RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S., Pro-
fessor of Clinical Surgery in University College,
and Surgeon to University College Hospital.

London : WALTON & MABERLY'. Unper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

COMPLETION OF THE FIRST VOLUME
OF DR. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF
GEOGRAPHY.

Just completed, Volume I., price 17. 16s., cloth,
lettered,

A DICTIONARY OF GREEK

f\_ AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. By
Various Writers. Edited by DR. WILLIAM
SMITH. Illustrated by numerous Engravings
on Wood. To form two volumes, 8vo.
London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane ; and JOHN
MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

ITALIAN LANGUAGE.

Just published, royal 18mo., price 3s. 6(7. cloth,

FIRST ITALIAN COURSE;
being a Practical and Easy Method of
Learnimr the Elements of the Italian Lan-
guage. By W. BROWNRIGG SMITH, M. A.,
Second Classical Master of the City of Lund >n
Schools.

London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

Cheap Issue. — Fourth Edition.

BOOK OF GENESIS IN
ENGLTSn HEBREW; accompanied
by an Interlinear Translation, substantially
the same as the authorised English version :
Philological Notes and Grammatical Intro-
duction. By W. GREENFIELD. M.R.A.S.
8vo., 4s. 6*7.. cloth. With the original Text in
Hebrew Characters at the end. 8vo., 6s. 6<7.,
cloth.

London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

NIEBUHR'S NEW LECTURES.

Just published, 2 vols. 8vo., 17. Is.

imEBUHR'S LECTURES on

1\ ANCIENT ETHNOGRAPHY and
GEOGRAPHY; comprising Greece and her
Colonies, Italy, the Islands of the Mediter-
ranean. Spain, Gaul, Britain, Northern Africa,
and Phoenicia. By DR. LEONHARD
SCHMITZ, Rector of the High School of
Edinburgh.

By the same Author,

Niebuhr's Lectures on Ancient History :
the Asiatic Nations, the Egyptians, Greeks,
Carthaginians, and Macedonians. By Dr. L.
Schrritz. 3 vols. 8vo., 17. Us. 6<7.

Neibuhr's Lectures on Roman History. By
Lconhard Schmitz, Ph. D. New and Cheaper
Edition, 3 vols. 8vo., 24s.

Niebuhr's History of Rome. By Bishop Thirl-
wall, Archdeacon Hare, Dr. W. Smith, and
Dr. Schmitz. Fourth and cheaper edition,
3 vols., 8vo., 36s.

London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

MESSRS. W. & M.'s CATALOGUE will be sent by Post (Free) to any one writing for it."

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stoneneld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary. Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London : and published by Georoe Belt., of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 1S6. Fleet Street aforesaid.- Saturday, April 1. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
tor

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

■ When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttlk.

No. 232.]

Saturday, April 8. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

t Stamped Edition, gtf.

CONTENTS.

.Notes : — Pago

Arabian Tales and their Sources, by

J. W. Thomas - - - - 819

La Rochefoucauld, by J. Macray - 320

Shropshire Ballad - - - - 320

*' Of the Benefit of the Death of Christ,"

by Aouio Paleario, by the Rev. J.

Ayre - - - - - 321

JI i N" u Notes : — Stone Chisels — Acros-
tic— Simmels — Osborne's History of
Essex — Fleas and Bugs — Zeuxis and
Parrhasius _ Cure for Hydrophobia —
The " Fusion " - - - - 321

•Queries : —

Lyra's Commentary, by Edw. Peacock 323
Minor Queries : — Barristers' Gowns
— " Charta Hen. 2. G. G. n. 2. q." —
Albany Wallace — Leslie and Dr.
Middleton — Star and Garter. Kirk-
etall — Shrore Tuesday — " Tarbox
for that"— De Gurney Pedigree —
*' n«rric," unde deriv. — Snush — John
Bale, Bishop of Ossory — Proxies for
absent Sponsors — Heraldic Query —
Christmas Ballad —Hay-bread Recipe

— Te Deum — Mary Queen of Scots
at Auchincas —Right of Refuge in the
Church Porch —Christopher Lemying
of Burneston — Ralph Ashton the
Commander - 323

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Roman Roads in England — Inscrip-
tion on the Brass of Sir G. Fel bridge

— Skipwith — College Battel — Origin
of Clubs _ Royal Arms in Churches

— Odd Fellows _ Governor-General

of India — Precedence - 325

•Heplies : —

Marmortinto,or Sand-painting, by John

Mummery .... 327

O'Brien of Thosmond - - - 328

Coronation Stone ... - 328
Polygamy, by T. J. Bnckton and the

Rev. A. Gatty - - - - 329

Poetical Tavern Signs '- 330

" Behemoth," by C. H. Cooper - - 332

Photographic Correspondence : — Pho-
tographic Slides for the MagicLantern

— Albumenized Paper — Mounting
Positives on Cardboard — Mr. Lyte's
Collodion ----- 332

-Replies to Minor Queries : — Bur-
ton's " Anatomy of Melancholv " '

Original Royal Letters to the Grand
Masters of Malta — Prince Charles'
Attendants in Spain — Churchill's
Grave — " Cissle " — Contributors to

Knight's " Quarterly Magazine "

" La Langue Pandras " — Cranmer
Bibles _ Voisonier — Word-minting

— Fair Rosamond — Death-warnings
in ancient. Families— Poets Laureate

— Brissot de Warville — " Branks " —
"Theobald le Botiller — Lord Haring-

ton _ Amontil lado — " Mairdil "

Separation of the Sexes in Church —
Costume of the Clergy not Enarean, &c. 333

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. - 333

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 339

JNotices to Correspondents - - 339

Vol. IX.— No. 232.

A RCHiEOLOGY OF THE

±\. STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC
RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.

For the Series of Papers illustrating the
above, see Vols. I. II. and III. of the " Irish
Quarterly Review." Price, bound, lift. each.

London: SIMPKIN & CO.

Dublin : W. B. KELLY.

This day is Published,

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH
PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM
THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF
NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Pro-
fessor of History in the Lycee Buonaparte.
Translated, with the assistance of the Author,
by FREDERICK HARDMAN. In demy
octavo, price Us. cloth.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS.
Edinburgh and London.

M

THE BLACK SEA.
The Fourth Edition of

R. OLIPHANT S RUSSIAN

SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA, is
now Published.

In 8vo., with 34 Engravings on Wood, an
Enlarged Man of the Crimea, and Map of the
Author's Route, price 14s.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD 8c SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

\ FRENCH MAP OF RUSSIA

2\. IN EUROPE, AND TURKEY, com-
prising the Baltic and Black Seas, with the
adjacent Countries, IS NOW PUBLISHED.
Price 5s. in sheet, case 8s., per post 6d. addi-
tional.

London : EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing
Cross, who will forward on application a
List of Maps of the Seat of War.

BALTIC AND BLACK SEAS.

THE ADMIRALTY CHARTS
of these Seas are NOW PUBLISHED.
Price, plain, 2s. 6c7. each ; in case, 5s. Co-
loured, 3s. &d.; case, 6s., per post 6d. additional.

London : EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing
Cross, who will forward on application
(Gratisl a List of Admiralty Charts of the
Coasts and Harbours of these Seas.

DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.

A MAP OF THIS DISTRICT,

IX on the the scale of 9 miles to the inch,
prepared from the celebrated Vienna Map in
21 sheets, IS NOW PUBLISHED. Price, in
6 sheets coloured, 12s. ; case or rollers, 21s.

London : EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing
Cross ; and all Map and Booksellers.

D

This Day, fcap. 8vo. , 6s.

AYS AND HOURS,

FREDERICK TENNYSON.

by

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, fcap. 8vo., 3s.

CORREGGIO ; a Tragedy.
By ADAM OEHLENSCHLAGER.
Translated, with Notes, by THEODORE
MARTIN.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, fcp.
8vo., 3s. Gd.

/COMPANIONS OF MY BOLL-
IX TUDE.

London : JOHN W. PARKER 8c SON,
West Strand.

Just published, in square 32mo., antique cloth,
red edges, price 6s.

PRECES PRIVATE, IN
STUDIOSORUM GRATIAM COL-
LECTS. ET REGIA AUTHORITATE
APPROBATE : Anno MDLXVIII. Lon-
dini Edits ; ad Vetera exemplaria denuo re-
cognitae.
JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford ; and
377. Strand, London.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

"\TOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp.720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, Sec, illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library. — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER 8c CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

This Day is published, the Third Edition, re-
vised and augmented, in 8vo., with Plates,
price 12s. 6d., cloth.

THE MYTHOLOGY OF
GREECE AND ITALY. By THOMAS
KEIGHTLEY.

"It will always deservedly maintain it*
high position, as the exponent of what Greeks
thought and wrote about and believed." —
Pococke, India in Greece.

WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.

318

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW,
No. CCII., will be published on TUES-
DAY next.

Contents :

I. MORMONISM.
II. JOHN LOCKE -HIS CHARACTER
AND PHILOSOPHY.
III. HISTORY OF FRENCH PROTES-
TANT REFUGEES.
TV. MOORE'S JOURNAL.
V. THE NATIONAL GALLERY RE-
PORT.
VI. RECENT ITALIAN AUTOBIO-
GRAPHIES.
VII. OPINIONS OF THE JUDGES ON
CODIFICATION.
VIII. CONSUMPTION OF FOOD IN THE
UNITED KINGDOM.

London : LONGMAN & CO.
Edinburgh: A. & C. BLACK.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6et, published
Quarterly.

EETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE FOR APRIL contains, among
other articles : — The History of the Protestant
Refugees in France. The Positive Philosoi hy
of Auguste Comte. Traits of the Czars. Pil-
grimage to High Places : Einsiedlen in Swit-
zerland. Moore and the Right Hon. John
Wilson Croker. The Table of Precedency.
The Moscow Septuagint. Anecdotes of Nor-
den the Topographer. Ancient Wedding
Ceremonies. The Lord Mayor's Pageant of
1684. Emendation of a Passage in Coriolanus.
With Notts of the Month, Reviews of New
Publications, Reports of Archajologioal So-
cieties,^. The Obituary contains, Memoirs
of the Marquess of Londonderry, the Bishop of
Salisbury, Sir Ralph Lopes, Bart. ; Sir John
Conroy, Bart. ; C art. Sir Everard Home, Bart. ;
Sir Henry Miers Elliot, K.C.B. ; Colonel Jo-
liffe; Rev. W. L. Richards, D.D. ; Rev. R.
Jenkyns, D.D., Dean of Wells ; Rev. W. P.
Greswell ; Rev. W. H. Dixon, F.S.A. ; John
Martin the Painter : Robert Alexander, Esq. ;
Thomas Saunders, Esq., F.S.A. ; John Fardell,
Esq., F.S.A. ; Henry Belcher, Esq., &c.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

Price One Shilling,

THE NATIONAL MISCEL-
LANY FOR APRIL contains :

1. The New Civil Service Scheme.

2. The Flaw in the Column.

3. The Labour Parliament.

4. An Avalanche on the Great St. Bernard.

5. Mediaeval London.

6. Saturday Night.

7. The Weekly Periodicals.

8. Sea Life and Sea Literature.

9. Notices.
10. Poetry.

At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand,
London.

Post Free.

rpHE CATTLE UPON A

I THOUSAND HILLS. A List of GREAT
OLD ENGLISH BOOKS for Sale, by
JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand.

rtHEAP BOOKS.— C. HILL'S

\J CATALOGUE, No. 13., just published,
including a long Article on NAPOLEON.
Sent Free on Application.

14. KING STREET, HOLBORN.

COMPLETION OF A VOLUME.
Now ready, VOLUME I., price Is. &d.,

T ARDNER'S MUSEUM OF

Ij SCIENCE AND ART. — Illustrated by
Engravings on Wood.

PART I., price id.

1. The Planets ; Are they Inhabited Globes ?

Chap. I.

2. Weather Prognostics.

3. The Planets. Are they Inhabited Globes ?

Chap. II.

4. Popular Fallacies in Questions of Physical

Science.

PART II., price id.

5. Latitudes and Longitudes.

6. The Planets. Are they Inhabited Globes ?

Chap. III.

7. Lunar Influences.

8. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars.

Chap I.

PART LtL, price 6d.

9. Railway Accidents. Chap. I.

10. The Planets. Are they Inhabited Globes ?

Chap. IV. and last.

11. Metioric Stones and Shooting Stars.

Chap. II.

12. Railway Accidents. Chap. II.

13. Light.

" This serial, which will form quarterly
eighteenpenny volumes, is, we are disposed to
think, the best literary investment of a penny
a week now extant." — Examiner.

" This series, besides affording popular but
sound instruction on scientific subjects, with
which the humblest man in the country ought
to be acquainted, also undertakes that teach-
ing of ' common things ' which Lord Ashbur-
ton and every well-wi6her of his kind are
anxious to promote." — Times.

London : WALTON & MABERLY, Upper
Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.

QMEE'S BINOCULAR PER-

kJ SPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS — A full
account of the mode of taking these extraor-
dinary Likenesses in " Smee on the Eye," just
published, price 5s.

HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD,
123. Newgate Street, London.

c

LASSICAL MUSICAL LI-

. J BRARY Subscribers are liberally sup-
plied, on loan, with every description of New
Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
at their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes,
including the Standard Operas, Italian, Ger-
man, French, and English Songs, and all
kinds of Instrumental Music. During the
Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the
privilege of selecting — for his own property —
from 100,000 different pieces, 3 Guineas' worth
of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on
application.

JULLIEN & CO., 214. Regent Street.

This Day is published, price 8s. cloth, or gilt,
8s. 6d., embellished with numerous Engrav-
ings,

WANDERINGS OF AN AN-

V T TIQUARY; chiefly upon the Traces
of the ROMANS IN BRITAIN. By
THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.

Contents : — 1 . Iron Works of the Forest of
Dean. 2. Roman Cities on the Welsh Borders.
3. Verulamium. 4. Anglo-Saxon Graves in
Kent. 5. Sandwich, and Rutupije. 6. The
Kentish Coast. 7. Pevensey. 8. Potteries on
the Medway. 9. Valley of Maidstone. 10. Hill
Entrenchments on the Welsh Borders. 1 1 . From
York to Goodmanham. 12. Isurium, or Aid-
borough. 13. Bramber Castle and Sussex
Churches. 14. Bignor. 15. Stonehenge. 16. Old
Sarum.

" Got up with very good taste in style and
matter. We recommend this excellent little
book." — Dover Chronicle.

" Avoiding wild and speculative theories on
the one hand, and aiming to further the pur-
poses of pure history on the other." — Morning
Post.

" Mr. Wright conveys sound antiquarian in-
formation at every step in a pleasing and po-
pular manner, which must render the volume
a grateful companion to all who have not made
our national ancient monuments a professed
study : and even the experienced archaeologist
will often find unsuspected new views of old
opinions which it may be at least wholesome
to revise or reconsider." — Gentleman's Maga-
zine. .

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

Second Edition, price 5s. 6d. cloth,

THE ANTIQUITIES OF THE
CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Translated
and compiled from the Works of Augusti ;
with numerous Additions from Rheinwald,
Siegel, and others. By the REV. LYMAN
COLEMAN.

Second Edition, price 6s. 6d. cloth,

A HISTORY OF THE HE-
BREW COMMONWEALTH. Translated
from the German of JOHN JAHN, D.D.
With an Appendix, containing the History of
the Jews to the Reign of Adrian, translated
from Basnage. By C. E. STOWE, A.M.

Fourth Edition, price 6s. cloth,

BIBLICAL ANTIQUITIES.

By JOHN JAHN, D.D. Translated from the
Latin, with Additions and Corrections. By
T. C. UPHAM, Bowdoin College, United
States. With Map and Three Engravings.

Fourth Edition (500 pages), price 12s. cloth,

LECTURES ON CHRISTIAN

THEOLOGY. By GEORGE CHRISTIAN
KNAPP. D.D., Professor of Theology in the
Universitv of Halle. Translated by LEO-
NARD WOODS, JUN., D.D., Andover,U.S.

WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.

A

LLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

FORTMANTEAUS.TR AVELLING-BAGS ,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,

DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

In 8vo., cloth lettered, price 4s. 6d., or Free by
Post, 5s.

(1 OMER ; or, a Brief Analysis of
T the Language and Knowledge of the
Ancient Cymry. By JOHN WILLIAMS,
A.M., Oxon, Archdeacon of Cardigan.

London : HUGHES & BUTLER,
15. St. Martin 's-le-Grand.

AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.

A GENTLEMAN who is fully
conversant with the French, German,
and Italian Languages, is desirous of obtaining
some PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. He
can give satisfactory references as to Compe-
tency and Respectability of Family and Con-
nexions.
Address. F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN,

Publisher, 9. Devonshire Street, Bishopsgate

Street.

Apkil 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

319

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 8, 1854.

#0tttf.
ARABIAN TALKS AND THEIR SOURCES.

The Arabians have been the immediate instru-
ments in transmitting to us those Oriental tales,
of which the conception is so brilliant, and the
character so rich and varied, and which, after
having been the delight of our childhood, never
lose entirely the spell of their enchantment over
our maturer age. But while many of these tales
are doubtless of Arabian origin, it is not to be
supposed that all are equally so. If we may be-
lieve the French translator of the Thousand and
One Tales, that publication does not include the
thirty-sixth part of the great Arabian collection,
which is not confined to books, but has been the
traditional inheritance of a numerous class, who,
like the minstrels of the West, gained their liveli-
hood by reciting what would interest the feelings
of their hearers. This class of Eastern story-
tellers was common throughout the whole extent
of Mahomedan dominion in Turkey, Persia, and
even to the extremity of India.

The sudden rise of the Saracen empire, and its
rapid transition from barbarism to refinement, and
from the deepest ignorance to the most extensive
cultivation of literature and science, is an extra-
ordinary phenomenon in the history of mankind.
A century scarcely elapsed from the age of Ara-
rou, the general of Caliph Omar, who is said to
have burned the great Alexandrian library, to the
period when the family of the Abbasides, who
mounted the throne of the Caliphs a.d. 750, in-
troduced a passionate love of art, science, and
even poetry. The celebrated Haroun Al Raschid
never took a journey without at least a hundred
men of science in his train. But the most muni-
ficent patron of Arabic literature was Al Mamoun,
the seventh Caliph of the race of the Abbasides,
and son of Haroun Al Raschid. Having suc-
ceeded to the throne a.d. 813, he rendered Bag-
dad the centre of literatui*e : collecting from the
subject provinces of Syria, Armenia, and Egypt
the most important books which could be disco-
vered, as the most precious tribute that could be
rendered, aud causing them to be translated into
Arabic for general use. When Al Mamoun dic-
tated the terms of peace to Michael, the Greek
emperor, the tribute which he demanded from him
was a collection of Greek authors.

The Arabian tales had their birth after this
period ; and when the Arabians had yielded to
the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, the empire of
the sword. Soldiers are seldom introduced ; the
splendours of the just Caliph's reign are dwelt
upon with fond remembrance; the style is that
of a mercantile people, while riches and artificial

luxuries are only rivalled by the marvellous gifts
of the genii and fairies. This brilliant mythology,
the offspring of the Arabian imagination, together
with the other characteristics of the Arabian tales,
has had an extensive influence on our own litera-
ture. Many of these tales had found their way
into our poetry long before the translation of the
Arabian Nights ; and are met with in the old
Fabliaux, and in Boccacio, Ariosto, and Chaucer.
But while these tales are Arabian in their struc-
ture, the materials have been derived, not only
from India, Persia, and China, but also from
ancient Egypt, and the classical literature of
Greece.

I shall content myself at present with adducing
one example of such probable derivation from the
source last mentioned. The stories to be com-
pared are too long for quotation, which, as they
are well known, will not be necessary. I shall
therefore merely give, in parallel columns, the
numerous points of resemblance, or coincidence,
between the two. The Arabian tale is that of
" Ali Baba and the Forty Robbers ;" the corre-
sponding story will be found in Herodotus, b. n..
c. cxxi. ; it is that of Rhampsinitus and the rob-
bery of his royal treasury :

The Egyptian Tale.

1. The king constructs a stone
edifice for the security of his vast
riches.

2. In the wall of this treasury is
a stone so artfully disposed that a
single person can move it, so as to
enter and retreat without leaving
any trace of his having done so.

3. Two brothers become ac-
quainted with the secret opening
into the treasury, and enter it for
the purpose of enriching them-
selves.

4. One of the brothers becomes
rich by abstracting large sums of
money from the royal treasury.

5. The other brother is caught
in the snare which the king had
laid within the treasury, for the
detection and apprehension of the
intruders.

6. At his own request the brother
thus caught is beheaded by the
other to avoid recognition, and to
secure the escape of one. The dead
body is hung from the waU of the
treasury, for the purpose of dis-
covering his accomplice.

7. The surviving brother, at his
mother's earnest request, carries
off the dead body, and brings it
home on the back of one of his
asses.

8. The king, unable to ascertain
how his treasury had been entered,
is enraged at the removal of the
body, and alarmed at finding that
some one who possesses the secret
still survives.

9. The king has recourse to stra-
tagem, for the purpose of detect-
ing the depredator, but without
success.

10. The surviving brother baffles
the king's first attempt to detect
him, by means of some asses,
which, in the character of a wine-
seller, he had loaded with wine-
flasks, making the king's guards
drunk, and leaving them all fast
asleep.

The Arabian Tale.

1 . In a rock so steep and craggy
that none can scale it, a cave has
been hewn out, in which the
robbers deposit their prodigious
wealth.

2. In this rock is a door which
opens into the cave, by means of
two magical words, " Open Se-
same ;" and closes again in like
manner by pronouncing the words
" Shut Sesame."

3. Two brothers become ac-
quainted with the door of the
cave, and the means of opening
and shutting it ; and they enter it
for the purpose of enriching them-
selves.

4. Ali Baba, one of the two bro-
thers, becomes rich by carrying off
a great quantity of gold coin from
the robbers' cave.

5. Cassim, the other brother, is
caught as in a snare, by forgetting,
when in the cave, the magical
words by which alone an exit
could be obtained.

6. Cassim, in his attempt to es-
cape, is killed by the robbers, and
his dead body is quartered, and
hung up within the door of the
cave, to deter any who might be
his accomplices.

7. Ali Baba, at the instance of
Cassim's widow, carries off his re-
mains from the cave, and brings
them home on the back of one of
his asses.

8. The robbers, unable to guess
how their cave had been entered,
are alarmed at the removal of
Cassim's remains, which proves to
them that some one who possesses
the secret still survives.

9. The robbers have recourse to
stratagem, for the purpose of dis-
covering the depredator, but with-
out success.

10. Ali Baba, assisted by his fe-
male slave, baffles the robber cap-
tain's first attempt upon him, by
means of some oil in ajar, his men
being concealed in the other jars,
with which the captain, in the
character of an oil-merchant, had
loaded some asses : thus the latter,
who thought his men asleep, finds
them all dead.

320

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232

The Egyptian Talb.

11. In the darkness of the night,
the surviving brother tells the
king's daughter, whom her father
had employed to detect him, the
story of his exploits in baffling the
guards and carrying off the body
of his brother.

1?. The king's daughter attempts
to seize the brother, but he baffles
her, by leaving in her hand a dead
arm instead of his own.

Tub Arabian Talk.

11. In the dusk of the evening,
Baba Mustapha relates to the two
robbers in succession, who had
been employed to detent AH Baba,
the story of his having sewed a
dead body together ; and, blind-
fold, himself conductseach of them
to Ali Baba's door.

V2. The two robbers successively
mark the house of Ali Baba with
chalk ; but his female slave baffles
them by putting a similar mark on
the other houses, in consequence
of which they are put to death in-
stead of her master.

13. Ali Baba, saved from the
robber captain's designs by the
courage and ingenuity of Morgi-
ana, his female slave, gives her
freedom, and marries her to his
son.

Here, then, are above a dozen striking coin-
cidences in this one example ; and they are given
with but slight dislocation or transposition. Other
examples might be adduced, but I must reserve
them for another communication.

J. W. Thomas.

Dewsbury.

13. The king, who admires the
audacity and ingenuity of the sur-
viving brother, offers him. by pro-
clamation, pardon and reward ;
and, on his coming forward, gives
him his daughter in marriage.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD.

Meeting occasionally, in reading new French
works and journals, with sentiments and criticisms
by eminent living writers on the characteristic
peculiarities of some of the most distinguished
French authors of the age of Louis XIV. and
subsequently, perhaps you will allow me to send
you, from time to time, " notes " or extracts from
the criticisms alluded to, in case you should be of
opinion that they may be agreeable to some of
your readers, who may not be aware of the
healthier and more Christian tone that now per-
vades one, at least, of the most influential organs
of public opinion in France. Let us begin with
La Rochefoucauld, as recently reviewed in the
Journal des Debats. J. Macrat.

Oxford.

" La Rochefoucauld.

" Pourquoi La Rochefoucauld m'inspire-t-il une re-
pugnance invincible? Pourquoi cette souffrance en le
lisant ? Ah ! le voici, je crois. La morale de La
Rochefoucauld e'est la morale Chretienne, moins, si je
puis m'exprimer ainsi, le Christtanisme lui-meme ;
e'est tout ce qui peut humilier et abattre le cceur dans
la severe doctrine de I'Evangile, moins ce qui le re-
leve ; e'est toutes les illusions d^truites sans les espe-
rances qui remplacent les illusions. En un mot, dans
le Christianisme La Rochefoucauld n'a pris que le
dogme de la chute ; il a laisse le dogme de la redemp-
tion. En faisant briller un cote du flambeau, celui
qui desenchante Thomme de lui-meme, il eclipse
l'autre, celui qui montre a l'homme dans le ciel sa
force, son appui, et 1'espoir d'une regeneration. La
Rochefoucauld ne croit pas plus a la saintete qu'a la
sagesse, pas plus a Dieu qu'a l'homme. Le penitent
n'est pas moins vain a ses yeux que le philosophe.
Partout l'orgueil, partout le moi, sous la haire du
Trappiste, comme sous le manteau du cynique.

" La Rochefoucauld n'est Chretien que pour pour-
suivre notre pauvre ceeur jusque dans ses derniers re-
tranchemens ; il n'est Chretien que pour verser son
poison sur nos joies et sur nos reves les plus chers. . . .
Que reste-t-il done a l'homme ? Pour les ames fortes,
il ne reste rien qu'un froid et intrepide mepris de
toutes choses, un sec et sto'ique contentement a en-
visager le neant absolu ; pour les autres, le desespoir
ou les jouissances brutales du plaisir comme derniera
fin de la vie !

" Et voila ce que je deteste dans La Rochefoucauld 1
Cet ideal dont j'ai soif, il le detruit partout. Ce bien,
ce beau, dont les faibles images me ravissent encoro
sous la forme imparfaite de nos vertus, de notre science,
de notre sagesse humaine, il le reduit a un sec interet."
— S. De Sacy, Journal des Debats, Janv. 28.

SHROPSHIRE BALLAD.

Your correspondent B. H. C. (Vol.viii., p. 614.)
gives, from recollection, a Northamptonshire ver-
sion of the old " Ballad of Sir Hugh of Lincoln." It
reminded me of a similar, though somewhat varied,
version which I took down, more than forty years
ago, from the lips of a nurse-maid in Shropshire.
It may interest the author of The Celt, the Roman,
and the Saxon, to know that it was recited in the
place of his birth. Its resemblance to the ballad
in Percy's Reliques was my inducement to commit
it to paper :

It hails, it rains, in Merry- Cock land,

It hails, it rains, both great and small,

And all the little children in Merry-Cock land,

They have need to play at ball.

They toss'd the ball so high,

They toss'd the ball so low,

Amongst all the Jews' cattle

And amongst the Jews below.

Out came one of the Jews' daughters

Dressed all in green.

" Come, my sweet Saluter,

And fetch the ball again."

" I durst not come, I must not come,

Unless all my little playfellows come along,

For if my mother sees me at the gate,

She'll cause my blood to fall."

She show'd me an apple as green as grass,

She show'd me a gay gold ring,

She show'd me a cherry as red as blood,

And so she entie'd me in.

She took me in the parlour,

She took me in the kitchen,

And there I saw my own dear nurse

A picking of a chicken.

She laid me down to sleep,

With a Bible at my head, and a Testament at my

feet;
And if my playfellows come to quere for me,
Tell them I am asleep. S. P. Q.

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

321

" OF THE BENEFIT OF THE DEATH OF CHRIST,
BY AONIO PALEARIO.

The total, or almost total, disappearance of
books at one time largely circulated, is a curious
fact in the history of literature. One cause of it
may be found in the efforts made by the Church of
Rome to suppress those works which were sup-
posed to contain unsound doctrine.

" Heretical books," says Mr. T. B. Macaulay, u were
sought out and destroyed with unsparing rigour.
Works which were once in every house, were so effec-
tually suppressed, that no copy of them is now to be
found in the most extensive libraries. One book in
particular, entitled Of the Benefit of the Death of Christ,
had this fate. It was written in Tuscan, was many
times reprinted, and was eagerly read in every part of
Italy. But the inquisitors detected in it the Lutheran
doctrine of justification by faith alone. They proscribed
it ; and it is now as utterly lost as the second decade of
Livy."

This book was published without a name. But
the author was Aonio Paleario. It was trans-
lated into various languages, as French, Spanish,
English, and possibly others ; and within six years
after its first appearance, 40,000 copies are said to
have been circulated.

A few years ago I was fortunate enough to
meet with a copy of the English version, which
was made from the French, not from the original.
This copy was printed in 1638, and was, according
to the title-page, the fourth (English) edition.
From it I edited the work, prefixing a short notice
of the author, and verifying the references to the
Fathers. It was subsequently retranslated into
Italian, and has, I am informed, been much read in
Italy. Some time after this publication, I became
aware of the existence of a copy (in private hands)
of the apparently first English edition, bearing the
date of 1573. This I was allowed to inspect : and
I hope hereafter to put forth another edition, in
which the text of this copy will be followed, and
two or three inaccuracies which had crept into
the former impression will be corrected.

I was, however, ignorant that a single copy of
the original Italian existed; and all inquiry for it
seemed to be vain. But one was near at hand,
preserved with diligent care among the literary
treasures of St. John's College, Cambridge, by the
authorities there, who were well aware of its
rarity and value. By their obliging permission, I
was a few days ago permitted to examine it.

It is a small square 16mo., bound, in beautiful
condition, measuring about 4£ inches by 3, and
containing seventy- two pages. The following is
the title-page :

" Trattato vtilissimo del beneficio di Giesv Christo
crocifisso, verso i Christiani. Venetiis, Apud Ber-
nardinum de Bindonis. Anno Do. m.d.xxxxiii."

From the date, it seems to be the first edition.

There is an address

" Alii Lettori Christiani.

" Essendoci venuta alle mani un' opera delle piu pie
e dotte, che a nostri tempi si siano fatte, il titolo della
quale e, Del beneficio di Giesu Christo crocifisso verso
i Christiani : ci e paruto a consolatione e utilita
vostra darla i istampa, e senza il nome dello scrittore,
accioche piu la cosa vi muova, clie 1' autorita dell'
autore."

This most curious volume has been for upwards
of a century in the library of St. John's College,
as the following printed notice, pasted within the
cover, will show :

" In grati animi testificationem, ob plurima Huma-
nitatis officia, a Collegio Divi Joannis Evangelista?
apud Cantabrigienses multifariam collata, librum hunc
inter alios lectissimos eidem collegio legavit Illustris-
simus Vir, Dominicus Antonius Ferrari, J. U. D.
Neapolitanus, 1744.

" Teste,

"J. Cretk."

But this is not all. The College is happy enough
to possess a copy of the rare French translation of
the same book. This is somewhat larger in size
than the original Italian, and consists of sixty-four
leaves. It contains, as will be seen by the title-
page, some additional matter :

" Dv benefice de Iesvs Christ crvcifie, envers les
Chrestiens. Traduict de vulgaire Italien, en langage
Francoys. Plus, Vne Traduction de la huytiesme
Homelie de sainct lean Chrysostome, De la femme
Cananee : mise de Latin en Francoys. Venez a moy
vous tous qui trauaillez et estes chargez, et ie vous sou-
lageray, 1552."

There is an address by the French translator :
"Le traducteur a tous les Chrestiens qui sont
dessoubz le ciel, Salut;" and at the end of the
volume is a " Traduction du Psalme xxxiv." The
French version is said to have been first published
in 1545. This therefore is not, it would seem, the
earliest edition.

This volume also, it may be added, was given
to the College by Ferrari. J. Ayre.

Hampstead.

Stone Chisels. — I saw recently an oviform stone
implement which had been found on the granite
moors of North Cornwall, and apparently had been
used as a pickaxe in mining. The following no-
tice shows that such implements were used by the
ancient miners in the Lake Superior district :

" The explorers are now much aided by these guiding
features, also by pits, which indicate where an ancient
race — probably the Aztecs or Toltecs — have carried
on their superficial operations on the veins. Some of
those I saw were twenty or thirty feet deep, which

322

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

must have been the result of much labour, considering
their tools — the only trace of which we find in the shape
of oviformed stones, with a groove round the centre for the
purpose of securing a handle, then to be used as a ham-
mer to shatter the vein -stone after it probably had been
reduced by the action of fire and water on the calca-
reous matter entering into its composition. In favour
of this conjecture, quantities of charcoal have been
found in the bottom of some of these pits, which are
almost effaced by the accumulation of timber decayed
and foliage of ages past." — • From a letter in the Mining
Journal, Jan. 7, 1854.

S. R. Pattison.

Acrostic. — I send you a very curious acrostic,
copied from a monument in the Church of St.
Germans, Cornwall. You will perceive that it
is in memory of "Johannes Glanvill, Minister;"
and it is surmounted with the arms of that ancient
family :

A.D.

1599.
24to

Novembr
natus est.

I nditur in gelidum
O mnibus irriguus
H ujus erit vivax
A rtibus et Unguis
N obis ille novas
N aviter et graviter
E rgo relanguenti
S piritus ; aeternum

Walton.

A.D.

1631.

20™

Octobr

denatus.

G regis hujus opilio bustu M,
L achrymis simul urbis et agr I.
A tque indelebile nome N,

N ecnon virtute probat I.

V atem (pro munere) legi S
I ucunde et suaviter egi T.
L icet eluctetur ab or E

L ucebit totus ut aste R.

W. D. F.

Simmels. — The Vienna correspondent of The
Times, whose letter from " Vienna, March 5th,"
appeared in that paper on Friday the 10th, men-
tions a Viennese loaf, the name of which so
strongly resembles the simmel of our ancestors as
to deserve a Note :

" The Viennese witlings, who are much inclined to
abuse the hyperbole, affirm that a magnifying glass will
soon be requisite in order to discover the whereabouts
of the semmeln, the little wheaten loaves for which
Austria is famous."

W. J. T.

Ogborne's History of Essex. — I lately fell in
with (at a marine store-shop in Somers Town)
some scattered materials in Mrs. Ogborne's hand-
writing for the above highly interesting but un-
finished work. I have not yet sorted them, but
I perceive that the MSS. contain some informa-
tion that was never published, relating to Roch-
ford Hundred, &c. The shopkeeper stated that
she had used the greater part of Mrs. Ogborne's
papers as waste-paper, but I am not without
hopes that she will find more. There is a letter
from Mr. Leman of Bath, which is published in
the work. I am aware that Mr. Fossett has Mrs.

Ogborne's MSS. ; but those now in my possession
are certainly interesting,, and might be, to some
future historian of Essex, even valuable. Should
I discover anything worth inserting in " N. & Q."
on examining the MSS. I will send it. G. I. S.

Fleas and Bugs. — Has the following explana-
tion of an old saying ever been brought forward,
and is it satisfactory ? When a person is sent off
" with a flea in his ear," the luckless applicant is
peremptorily dismissed with an imperative " flee,"
with the word " flee" sounding in his ear, or, face-
tiously, " with a flea in his ear."

Apropos of proverbial domestic entomology, is
there more than lies on the surface in the elegant
simile " As snug as a bug in a rug ?" A rough
variety of dog was termed a " rug" in Shakspeare's
time ; quartered on which, the insect might find
good entertainment — a plentiful board, as well as a
snug lodging. It appears, however, that the name
has not long been applied to the Cimex, so that
the saying may be of greater antiquity, and relate
to bugbears. C. T.

Zenxis and Parrhasius. — In the Preface to Mr.
Grote's History of Greece, there occurs the fol-
lowing passage :

" If the reader blame me for not assisting him to
determine this — if he ask me why I do not undraw
the curtain, and disclose the picture? — I reply in the
words of the painter Zeuxis, when the same question
was addressed to him on exhibiting his master-piece
of imitative art : ' The curtain is the picture.' "

Compare this with Pliny, Nat. Hist. xxxv. 36.
§ 3. ; from which it appears that Parrhasius, not
Zeuxis, painted the curtain. Akch. Weie.

Cure for Hydrophobia. — A gentleman named
Monsell, who lived at Kilrush in the county Clare,
possessed a cure for hydrophobia which was never
known to fail. He required that the patient
should be brought to him within nine days from
the time of being bitten, and his first proceeding
was to cause the person to look in a looking-glass
or pail of water : if the patient bore that trial
without showing any uneasiness, he declared that
there was no doubt of his being able to effect a
cure. He then retired to another room, leaving
the patient alone for a short time ; and when he
returned, he brought two bits of cheese which he
said contained the remedy, and caused the person
to swallow them. He then desired that the pa-
tient should return home, and for nine days fre-
quently drink a few sips of water ; and also take
opportunities to look at water or a looking-glass,
so as to accustom the nerves to be under control.
I knew a case of a peasant girl, who was bitten by
a mad dog, and who had to be brought to him
tied on a car, whom he cured. The dog, before
he was killed, bit several valuable dogs, all of

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

323

which had to be destroyed ; he also bit two pigs,
which, after showing most frightful symptoms of
hydrophobia, had to be shot and their flesh burned.
Mr. Monsell always refused to declare what his
remedy was, " lest it might be used for anything
but a human being." It would appear that in a
great measure he worked on the imagination of
his patients : still some other means may have
been usedj and, as he has been dead some time, it
is to be hoped he did not let his secret die with
him. He never would take any remuneration
from' those he cured, or their friends. I never
heard any person in that part of the country ex-
press the least doubt of the efficacy of the remedy
he used. Francis Robert Davies.

The " Fusion." — Is it generally known that
there exists, between the two branches of the
Bourbons, a much nearer relationship than that
which arises from their common descent from
Louis XIII. ? The Duchess de Berri was niece
to Louis-Philippe's queen : so that the Due de
Bordeaux and the Comte de Paris are second
cousins. E. H. A.

eaucrfeg.

LYRA S COMMENTARY.

I possess a copy of the Textus biblie cu Glossa
ordinaria Nicolai de lyra postilla Pauli Brugesis
Additioibus Matthie Thoring Replicis, in 6 volumes
folio, printed at Basle in the years 1506-8. The
binding is of oak boards and calf leather, stamped
with a very spirited design composed of foliated
borders, surrounding, on the right cover, six im-
pressions from a die three inches high by one and
three quarters wide, consisting of a narrow border
enclosing a human figure, who bears in his left
hand a knotted staff as high as himself, while in
the right he holds a bag or scrip containing many
balls (perhaps stones or fruit), which hang9 over
his shoulder. Under the right arm he carries a
sword, and on the wrist a wicker basket. The
lower limbs of this strange being are clad in loose
garments, like to a modern pair of trousers, with
a large ragged hole on each knee. The feet are
not seen, as he is behind a fence composed of in-
terlaced branches of trees. To complete the pic-
ture, the head, which is much too large for the
body, has no other covering but crisped hair.

On the left cover are four impressions of a die
three inches high by two wide, on which are six
animals whose kinds it is difficult to determine
with certainty ; the two upper possibly may be
horses, the middle a bird and a monkey, the lower
a lion and a dog. The animals are separated from
each other by a running pattern composed of
branches, leaves, and flowers, and are surrounded

by a frame, on which is the following in black-
letter :

" DEUS DET NOBIS SUAM FACEM

ET POST MORTEM U1TAM ETERNAM."

The clasps have engraven on them, in the same
character, —

" LIB DNS ET MGER JOANNIS VAM MERE."

On the title-page, slightly varied in each volume,
is the following inscription, in a hand not much,
later than the publication of the book :

" Liber M. Joachimi Moller ex testamento M. Jo-
hairis vam mer optim et maximus deus illius anime
misereatur. Amen."

I shall be much obliged to any one who will
explain to me the figures on the cover, which,
doubtless, have some legendary or symbolic mean-
ing ; and also give me any notes or references
concerning either of the former possessors of the
book, both of whom have, I believe, enriched it
with manuscript notes. Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors, Messingham,
Kirton-in-Lindsey.

i$ttiT0r cRucrt'oS.

Barristers' Gowns. — What is the meaning of
the lapel, or piece which hangs from the back of
the barrister's gown ? Has it any particular
name? In shape it is very similar to the repre-
sentations we see in pictures of the " cloven
tongues." It is not improbable that it may be
intended figuratively to bear reference to them.

Henry T. Riley.

" Charta Hen. 2. G. G. n. 2. ?."— In Cowell's
Law Dictionary (ed. 1727), under the word Lus-
gul, I find the following reference : " Charta
Hen. 2. G. G. n. 2. q." I should be much obliged
to any person who would suggest for what "G. G.
n. 2. q." stands. K.

Albany Wallace. — Can any of your correspon-
dents, familiar with the drama, tell me who this
gentleman was? In 1827, there appeared The
Death of Mary Queen of Scots, an historic drama
in five acts, by A. W., Esq. : AVortbing, printed
for the author by W. Verrall. His name occurs
again on the title-page of The Reigns of the
Stuarts in England dramatised. The First Part
of King James the First, a play in five acts : Lon-
don, printed by the author, at his private press,
Queen Ann Street, 1835.

I naturally turned up Mr. Martin's Privately
Printed Books, but neither our dramatist nor his
press is there alluded to. Touching the latter,
Mr. Wallace says in his preface, —

" A certain picture was said by a connoisseur to be
' very well painted for a gentleman /' a species of nega-

324

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

tive praise which gave but little satisfaction to the
artist. Should the amateur printer, however, meet
with as much, he will be very well contented. All he
can himself say for his work is 'that it is legible ;' and
his type being of a pretty tolerable rotundity, he does
not think it will need an additional pair of spectacles
to be made out."

I am farther desirous of knowing if, in pursu-
ance of his plan, Mr. Wallace dramatised any more
of the Stuarts ? J. D.

Leslie and Dr. Middleton. — In Dr. M'Neile's
Lecture on the Jews and Judaism, Feb. 14, 1854,
the four rules given by Leslie as a test of his-
torical truth are thus quoted :

" I. That the matter of fact be such that men's out-
ward senses, their ears and eyes, may be judges of it.

" 2. That it be done publicly, in the face of the world.

" 3. That not only public monuments be kept in
memory of it, but also that some outward actions be
statedly performed.

"4. That such observances be instituted, and do
commence, from the time at which such matter of fact
is done.

" It is said that Dr. Middleton endeavoured for
twenty years to find out some pretended fact to which
Mr. Leslie's four rules could be applied, but in vain."

" It is said." Where ; when ; by whom ?

H. B. C.
U. U. Club.

Star and Garter, Kirkstall. — What is now a
large hotel, at Kirkstall Bridge, near to Kirkstall
Abbey in Yorkshire, was many years ago a mere
village roadside hostel, under whose sign (the Star
and Garter) was inscribed in Greek capitals " TO
nPEnON." How could such an inscription have
got into such a place ? Could it have been the
suggestion of some " learned clerke" of the neigh-
bouring monastery, as more suited to the genius
of the vicinity than the ordinary announcement of
** Good Entertainment for Man and Horse ?"

J. L. S., Sen.

Shrove Tuesday. — Happening to be at New-
bury on Shrove Tuesday, I was struck with the
tolling of the church bell as for a death, and, on
inquiry, was informed that such was the custom of
the place on this day. Does such a custom exist
anywhere else, and what is the origin of it ?

Newburiensis.

" Tarbox for that." — On reading a book of funny
stories some years ago in the British Museum (a
sort of Joe Miller of Charles II.'s time), when-
ever any story was given that seemed " too good
to be true," the anecdote ended with the words
*' Tarbox for that." Am I right in suspecting
that this is equivalent to the expression, " Tell
that to the marines," so well known in our day ?
" Tarbox " was probably a nickname for a bump-
kin, or guardian of the tarbox, in which was

kept the tar composition used for anointing sheep.
Can anybody suggest another solution of the
meaning of this expression ? Henry T. Riley/.

De Gurney Pedigree. — Can any of your readers
inform me whether the following pedigree is cor-
rect, so far as it goes ?

1170. Robert Fitzhardinge = Eva.

I I

Maurice Robert =Hawisia de Gurney.

I

I I I

1230. Maurice = Alice de Henry.* Matthew =•

Gaunt.

1269. Robert de Gurney.f

Who was the father of Simon de Gaunt, Bishop,
of Salisbury in 1300 ? E. W. Godwin.

" n«rm," unde deriv. — Scapula and Hederic.
both give vnOco as the root ; but by what process-
is imttis so obtained ? What objection is there to
taking iarrifu as the root ? whence e<piffrafj.ai, em<Trasr
wio-Tos. No doubt one of your learned readers will
kindly aid the inquiry. ¥.

Snush. — When did this name cease to be used
for snuff? I think I have met with it as late as
the reign of Queen Anne. I believe the Scotch
call snuff snish, or snishen. Henry T. Rieey.

John Bale, Bishop of Ossory. — A complete list
of the works of this voluminous writer, giving the
titles in full, will be thankfully acknowledged ;
also any facts as to his life, not generally known.
There is a very imperfect list of Bale's Works
given in Harris's Ware's Bishops, and most of the
Biographical Dictionaries. James Graves.

Kilkenny.

Proxies for absent Sponsors. — Can any of your
readers mention earlier instances than the follow-
ing of the attendance of proxies in behalf of absent
sponsors ?

" My daughter, Elizabeth Burrell, was born on
Thursday, 25th June, 1696 . . . She was baptized on
Monday, 15th February. My brother, P. Burrell
(by Wm. Board, Esq.), Godfather, my Lady Gee (by
my sister Parker), and my niece Jane Burrell, God-
mothers."— " Extracts from the Journal and Account-
Book of Timothy Burrell, Esq., Barrister-at-Law of
Ockenden House, Cuckfield" (Sussex Archceological
Collections, vol. iii. p. 131.).

E. M.

Hastings.

* First Master of the Hospital of St. Mark in
Bristol.

f Heir to Maurice, his uncle.

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

325

Heraldic Query. — Names of the families bear-
ing the following coats of arms are requested:

1. Ermine, on a chief sable, two griffins segre-
ant combatant argent. Crest, a demylyon affrontee
or.

2. Azure, a bend or, between three spear-heads
argent. Crest, an armed arm, embowed, grasp-
ing a broken spear.

3. Barry of six or and sable (with quarterings).
Crest, on a coil of rope a dog sable collared
argent. E. D.

Christmas Ballad. — Perhaps some of your cor-
respondents may be able to throw some light
upon the following verses, which are sung by the
•waits at Christmas in the neighbourhood of Fal-
mouth :

■" Twelve is twelve as goes to hell,
Eleven is eleven as goes to heaven,
Ten is the Ten Commandments,
Nine is nine so bright to shine,
Eight is the gable angels,
Seven is the seven stars of the sky,
And six is the six bold waiters,
Five is the flamboys under the bough,
And four is the Gospel preachers ;
Three of them is thrivers (sh rivers?),
Two of them is lilywhite babes, and clothed all in

green oh !
And One is One, and all alone, and ever more shall

be so."

That the first line alludes' to the fate of the
twelfth apostle is evident. The meaning of the
second, third, sixth, ninth, and last lines, is also
Apparent. The others I am quite at a loss to ex-
plain. C. M. G.

Hay-bread Recipe. — The Query of your cor-
respondent G. D. (Vol. ix., p. 148.) has reminded
me of a question which I wish to ask. By what
chemical process may hay be converted into
bread? E.W.J.

Te Deum. — We read frequently of this hymn
being sung in the Russian Church after victories.
Can any of your correspondents inform me in what
language it 'is used in the Eastern Churches ? It is,
I believe, generally admitted that it was originally
composed in Latin for the use of the Western
Church; but if the Emperor Nicholas, in his
famous manifesto (vide Vol. viii., pp. 585. 655.),
quotes front this hymn and not from the Psalms,
the one being quite as likely as the other, it
would almost appear that the Latin version is the
one with which he is the most familiar.

HoNORE DE MaREVILLE.
Guernsey.

Mary Queen of Scots at Auchincas. — Auchin-
cas is an interesting ruin on the bank of the
Evan in Dumfriesshire, the residence of Randolph,

Earl of Murray, Regent of Scotland in 1329. I
have heard a tradition to the effect that when
Mary Queen of Scots was fleeing towards Eng-
land, she paused to rest here. Can any of your
readers confirm or contradict this tradition ?

And can any of them furnish farther particu-
lars regarding the history of the same castle, in
addition to those given in the ordinary gazetteers,
and in Black's Guide to Moffat ? Annandaxe.

Right of Refuge in the Church Porch. — In one
of J. H. Parker's Parochial Tales, a custom is
spoken of as existing at the present time in Nor-
folk, by which every parishioner has a right to
make the church porch his temporary home until
he can find a lodging elsewhere. Is this a fact ?
In the parish register of Flamstead, Herts, is an
entry under the year 1578, of the burial of a child
and its father, "wh bothe died in ye church
porche." Cheverells.

Christopher Lemying of Burneston. — The un-
dersigned would be obliged to any of the readers
of " N. & Q." who would furnish him with the
names of the children and grandchildren of Chris-
topher Lemying of Burneston, nigh Lemying, in
Richmondshire, com. York, who lived about
a.d. 1600 and 1640 ? And also with any informa-
tion concerning the births and deaths of the same ?
The Heralds' Visitations for the seventeenth cen-
tury would probably afford the information, but
the writer has no access to them at present.

C. P. L.

Ralph Ashton the Commander. — Your answer
to my inquiry relative to "Isabella, the wife of
Ralph the Commander " (Ashton, Vol. ix., p. 272.),
induced me to refer to the work you quoted,
Baines's Lancashire ; but in the list of her sons I
did not find named one who is mentioned in the an-
cient document I have spoken of, namely, "James,
the son of Isabel, the wife of Ralph the Com-
mander." Did she survive her husband and marry
a second time ; and, if so, what was his name ? I
ask this because, probably, that would be the name
of the son here alluded to. A reply to this Query
would oblige* Jaytee.

Minav €tutxiti foffl) SfatftoMtf.

Roman Roads in England. — Whose is the best
treatise on the Roman roads in England ?

Pkestoniensis.

[Although the credit and fidelity of Richard of
Cirencester have frequently been attacked, still, as

[* We cannot discover that Elizabeth Kaye, the wife
of Ralph the Commander, married the second time.
See Burke's Extinct Baronetcies, pp. 21. 285., ed. 1838.
— Ed.]

326

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

Gibbon remarks, " he shows a genuine knowledge of
antiquity very extraordinary for a monk of the four-
teenth century." In 1809, an edition was published
in London, entitled The Description of Britain, trans-
lated from Ricardus of Cirencester, with the original
treatise De Situ Britannia, with a map and a fac-simile
of the MS., as well as a Commentary on the Itinerary.
It has been reprinted in the Six Old English Chro-
nicles in Bohn's Antiquarian Library, but without the
map. The Itinerary contains eighteen journeys, which
Richard says he compiled from certain fragments
written by a Roman general, and from Ptolemy and
other authors. He mentions 176 stations, while An-
toninus has only 1 1 3.]

Inscription on the Brass of Sir G. Felbrigge. —
Can any of your numerous correspondents afford
me an explanation of the following fragment of an
inscription from the brass of Sir George Felbrigge,
Playford, Suffolk? Each word is separated by
the letter iH, and a demi-rose conjoined. The
part enclosed in brackets is now lost, but was re-
maining in Gough's time :

" Funda de per a dieu loange et dieu pur lalme de
lui al [dieu quil est pete ei(t) ceste]."

This is the order in which the words now stand ;
but as they are quite unintelligible, and the fillet
shows evident signs of having been broken in
several places, we may reasonably suppose that
they were misplaced when the brass was moved
from its original slab. The principal word, about
which I am in difficulty, is pete. Can it be the
same as " pitie ?" If so, I venture to suggest the
following explanation, till some one may offer me
a better :

" . . . jfils de pere qui funda ceste place, a dieu
est loange et qu'il eit pitie, priez pur l'alme de lui a
dieu."

The words printed in Italics are supplied to com-
plete the sense. F. G.

[Perhaps the following words in Italics may be sup-
plied for those obliterated : " Ceste Chaunterie estait
fonde de part de George Felbrigge, Chr. A Dieu soit
loange et gloire . . . priez pur 1'asme de lui a Dieu quil
eit pite ..."

The following notice of the destruction of this beau-
tiful brass is given in Davy's Suffolk Collections, Add.
MSS. 19,086. p. 342. : " The brass in memory of Sir
George Felbrigge, which had for a long time been
covered by the pews, was three or four years ago, in
consequence of some repairs, uncovered, when the in-
cumbent and his curate had it torn from the stone, and
it was for some time lying in pieces at the mercy of
any pilferer. Mr. Albert Way, the Director of the
Society of Antiquaries in Feb. 1844, wrote to me, to
ask what was become of the figure ; and, in conse-
quence, as I had not an opportunity of visiting the
church myself, I wrote to Mr. Arthur Biddell for in-
formation ; and the following is a copy of his answer,
dated Feb. 23, 1844 : ' Felbrigge's monument was
removed, much against my wishes, from its former

place in the N. E. corner of the church to the chancel
under the communion table, where it is fixed ; forming
part of the pavement. The broken pieces of brass are
again fixed in the stone ; but so many of the pieces
were long ago lost, and I think those which were
lately separated from the stone are not placed in their
original position : so, except the figure, there is little
remains to convey an idea of the ornamental and beau-
tiful work by which the figure was surrounded.' "]

Skipwith. —

" ' Here lyeth the body of William Skipwith, Ba-
ronet, who deceased the 25th of February, 1764, aged
fifty-six years. He descended from Sir Henry Skip-
with of Prestwould, in Leicestershire, created baronet
by King James I., was honoured with King Charles I.'s
commission for raising men against the usurping
powers, and proved loyal to his king, so that he was
deprived of his estate by the usurper, which occasioned
his and his sons' death, except Sir Gray Skipwith,
grandfather of the abovesaid Sir William Skipwith,
who was obliged to come to Virginia for refuge, where
the family hath continued ever since.'

" Inscription copied from tombstone of Sir William,
who lies buried at Greencroft, near Petersburg, Vir-
ginia."— See South. Messenger, vol. ix. p. 591.

I should be obliged for information as to Sir
Henry. T. Balch.

Philadelphia.

[Sir Henry Skipwith was created a baronet
Dec. 20, 1622, and in 1629 obtained, jointly with Sir
Thomas Walsingham, Knt, a grant of lands in the
counties of Leicester, Derby, &c. ; in 1631 a grant of
free- warren for his lands in Leicestershire; in 1636
was high sheriff for the county ; and in 1637 certain
amerciaments against him on account of that office,
which had been returned into the Court of Chancery,
were certified to the Court of Exchequer. Heartily
espousing the cause of Charles I., he was one of the
Commissioners of Array for this county, and on
May 28, 1645, had the honour of entertaining his so-
vereign at Cotes, after which he was fined 11147. by
the parliamentary sequestrators. He was the last of
the family who resided at Cotes ; and amongst his
poems is " An Elegy on the Death of my never enough
lamented master, King Charles I." The others are
chiefly of a melancholy turn. Sir Henry, his second
son, died soon after his father, unmarried ; whereupon
his title and estate went to his next brother Sir Gray,
who, after the death of the king, went with several
other gentlemen, to avoid the usurpation, over to Vir-
ginia, and there married, and left one son. — Nichols's
Leicestershire, vol. iii. p. 367., which also contains a
pedigree of the family. Consult also Lloyd's Worthies,
p. 649.]

College Battel. — What is the derivation of a
word peculiar to the universities, battels : is it con-
nected with batten f S. A.

[In Todd's Johnson we read, " Battel, from Sax.
taelan or tellan, to count, or reckon, having the pre-
fix be. The account of the expenses of a student in

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

327

any college in Oxford." In the Gent. Mag. for Aug.
1792, p. 716., a correspondent offers the following pro-
bable etymology : " It is probably derived from the
German bezahlen ; in Low German and Dutch bettah-
Un; in Welsh talz ; which signifies to pay; whence
may be derived likewise the English verb to tale, and
the noun a tale, or score, if not the corrupted expres-
sions to tell or number, and to tally or agree."'}

Origin of Clubs. — Can any of your corre-
spondents inform me from whence the cognomen
of " club " came to be applied to select companies,
and which was the first society that bore that
title ? F. R. B.

[Club is defined by Johnson to be "an assembly of
good felfows, meeting under certain conditions." The
present system of clubs may be traced in its progres-
sive steps from those small associations, meeting (as
clubs of a lower grade still do) at a house of public
entertainment ; then we come to a time when the club
took exclusive possession of the house, and strangers
could be only introduced, under regulations, by the
members ; in the third stage, the clubs build houses,
or rather palaces, for themselves. The club at the
Mermaid Tavern in Friday Street was, according
to all accounts, the first select company established,
and owed its origin to Sir Walter Raleigh, who had
here instituted a meeting of men of wit and genius,
previously to his engagement with the unfortunate
Cobham. This society comprised all that the age held
most distinguished for learning and talent, numbering
amongst its members Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Beau-
mont and Fletcher, Selden, Sir Walter Raleigh, Donne,
Cotton, Carew, Martin, and many others. There it
was that the " wit-combats " took place between Shak-
speare and Ben Jonson, to which, probably, Beaumont
alludes with so much affection in his letter to the old
poet, written from the country :

" What things have we seen
Done at the Mermaid ! heard words that have been
So nimble and so full of subtle flame,
As if that every one from whom they came
Had meant to put his whole wit in a jest."

Ben Jonson had another club, of which he appears to
have been the founder, held in a room of the old Devil
Tavern, distinguished by the name of the "Apollo."
It stood between the Temple Gates and Temple Bar.
It was for this club that Jonson wrote the " Leges
Convivales," printed among his works.]

Royal Arms in Churches. — When were the
Royal Arms first put up in churches ?

Are churchwardens compelled to place them
over the chancel arch, or in any part of the build-
ing over which their jurisdiction extends ?

In a church without an heraldic coat of Royal
Arms, can a churchwarden, or the incumbent, refuse
legally to put up such a decoration, it being the
gift of a parishioner ? Azure.

[For replies to Azure's first Query, see our Sixth
Volume passim. The articles at pp. 227. and 248. of
the same volume incidentally notice his other queries.]

Odd Fellows. — What is the origin of Odd
Fellowship ? What gave rise to the title of Odd
Fellows ? Are there any books published on the
subject, and where are they to be had ? Is there
any published record of the origin and progress
of the Manchester Unity ? C. F. A. W.

[Our correspondent should consult The Odd Fellows
Magazine, New Series, published Quarterly by order
of the Grand Master and Board of Directors of the
Manchester Unity of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows. We have only seen vols. i. to vii., which ap-
peared between 1828 and 1842. Perhaps some of our
readers may wish to know what is an Odd Fellow.
Take the following description of one as given in
vol. iv. p. 287. : " He is like a fox for cunning ; a dove
for tameness ; a lamb for innocence ; a lion for bold-
ness ; a bee for industry ; and a sheep for usefulness.
This is an Odd Fellow according to Odd Fellow-
ship."]

Governor- General of India. — Will some of
your learned readers be good enough to inform
me upon what authority the present Governor-
General of India is styled, in all official notices,
" The Most Noble ? " I have always understood
the style of a Marquis to be " Most Honorable."

Novice.

[Official notices from public departments are fre-
quently incorrect in reference to the styles of persons.
The style of a Marquis is only Most Honorable, that of
Duke Most Noble.-]

Precedence. — Supposing an earl's daughter
marries a commoner, do her children by him take
precedence as the earl's grandchildren ? Snob.

[The children take only the precedence derived
from their paternal status. ]

fteglteS.

MARMORTINTO, OR SAND-PAINTING.

(Volix., p. 217.)

Mr. Haas, a native of Bibrach, in Germany,
was accustomed to lay claim to the invention of
sand-painting ; and would often with a little pride
repeat to his friends the way in which it was first
suggested to his mind. Simply this : — Once, while
he was engnged ornamenting a plateau with an
elaborate and rich design, King George III. en-
tered the apartment ; and after having regarded
the design and modum operandi for some con-
siderable time in silence, exclaimed, in an impa-
tient manner, as if vexed that so much beauty
should be so short-lived : " Haas ! Haas ! you
ought to fasten it." From that moment, the artist
turned his ingenuity to the subject : and how
successfully, his pictures show.

The remarks of F. C. H. as to the mode of
painting are quite correct. The fixing of the

328

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

sand was the last operation, inasmuch as I have
heard of the artist's wrath visiting a poor pussy
because she had shaken a picture, and thereby
disturbed the sand not yet fixed. The secret died
with him and a friend, a contemporaneous artist, to
whom I believe he had communicated the secret ;
this friend's name I do not know. Mr. Haas
painted landscapes, the friend painted cattle pieces.
I have in my possession some of Mr. Haas' work.
It is beautifully soft and quiet. The foliage is
iine in the extreme, withal a rich depth of colour-
ing. The Welsh scenery he felt most at home in,
he threw into it a spirit of repose : while it was
bold, there was nothing harsh or offensive to the
eye. I have tried many experiments with one of
his pictures : amongst other things, I find the
least moisture will remove the sand. Mr. Haas
had a gallery in London for some time (I believe
in Regent Street), where there were portraits
done in sand. A portrait of himself was con-
sidered the gem of the pictures : such a vitality
and delicacy of colouring did it possess. I men-
tion this merely to show that sand could be ap-
plied to other branches of art besides landscapes.
The history of the pictures at Windsor Castle is
to be seen in one of the old Windsor Guides.
Mr. Haas died at Bibrach, where doubtless many
of his pictures are.

Sand-paintings cannot last long ; they have in
themselves the element of their own destruction,
" their rough surface," which very soon collects
and retains the dust. I never heard of their being
cleaned. John Mummery.

Queenwood College, Stockbridge, Hants.

O BRTEN OF THOSMOND.

(Vol. ix., p. 125.)
In corroboration of my former suggestion, that
Nicholas Thosmound of Somersetshire was an
O'Brien of Thomond, I beg to add some farther
facts. Cotemporary with him was William Tout-
mound, who obtained in the sixth year of Henry IV.
a grant of the office (in England) of chief car-
penter of the king for his life. This singular
office, "Capitalis Carpentarius Regis," must, I
suppose, be called Lord High Carpenter of Eng-
land, in analogy with the offices of steward, butler,
&c. It is mentioned in the Calendar of Patent
Rolls of England at the 6 Henry IV. ; and in the
same repository is mention of a grant long before
by Henry III. of the land of Tosmond in Ireland,
to A. R. Tosmond (R standing, I presume, for
" Regi," for the Irish Toparchs were then thus
designated by the English government). In this
case then we have the letter s used for t, as in the
Inq. P. M. of Alicia, wife of the before-mentioned
Nicholas Thosmound. In the Abbreviatio Ro-
tulorum Originalium of England, in 15 Edw. II.,

is the expression " Regalitatem de Totamon," ap-
plied to the district of Thomond in Ireland. It
seems not unlikely that the two cotemporary in-
dividuals mentioned above were sons or grandsons
of Turloch, or Tirrelagh, O'Brien, sovereign of
Thomond from 1367 to 1370, when he was sup-
planted by his nephew Brien O'Brien, ancestor of
the Marquis of Thomond. For this Turloch was
in some favour with the government, by whom his
distress was sometimes relieved. Thus it appears
from the printed calendar of Irish Chancery Rolls,
that a writ of liberate issued in the 4th Rich. II.
for the payment to him of forty marks ; and again,
5 Rich. II., of twenty marks, " ei concord, p re-
compens. labor." He was much befriended by
the Earl of Desmond, whose successor being high
in favour with the kings Henry V. and VI., ob-
tained a large grant of land in the county of Wa-
terford, which he immediately conferred on the
sons of Turloch. Yet some of those sons may,
through his interest, have been established in
England. It becomes, therefore, a matter of con-
siderable interest to ascertain whether the Inq.
P. M. 2 Henry IV. contains any proof that Ni-
cholas Thosmound was an O'Brien.

While on this subject, may I inquire the reason
why the O'Briens quarter with their own arms
the bearing of three piles meeting in a point ?
These latter were the arms of the English baronial
family of Bryan, not at all connected with the
Irish family. I suspect the Irish were late in their
assumption of arms, and borrowed in many cases
the arms of English families of nearly similar
names. A. B.

CORONATION STONE.

(Vol. ix., p. 123.)

Possibly the following authorities may tend to
throw light upon the question started by your
correspondent.

In Ant. Univ. Hist, vol. xvii. p. 287., 4to. ed.,
London, 1747, it is said:

" St. Austin tells us that some of the Carthaginian
divinities had the name of Abaddires, and their priests
that of Eucaddires. This class, in all probability, was
derived from the stone which Jacob anointed with oil,
after it had served him for a pillow the night he had
his vision ; for in the morning he called the place
where he lay Bethel. Now it is no wonder this should
have been esteemed as sacred, since God himself says,
he was the God op Bethel, the place where Jacob
anointed the pillar. From Bethel came the baHylus
of Damascius, which we find called Abaddir by Pris-
cian. This Abaddir is the Phoenician Aban-dir, that
is, the spherical stone, exactly answering to the de-
scription of the baetylus given us by Damascius and
others. The case seems to have been this ; the Ca-
naanites of the neighbourhood first worshipped the
individual stone itself, upon which Jacob had poured

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

329

oil ; afterwards they consecrated others of that form,
and worshipped them; which false worship was per-
petuated even to the time of St. Austin." — See note
(n), Ant. U?iiv. Hist., vol. i. p. 310.

Now if such stones -were an object of worship
among the Phoenicians, nothing is more probable
than that they should take such a stone along with
them in their migrations to new settlements ; and
it may therefore well be that the Phoenicians,
who first settled in Ireland, did bring such a
stone with them ; and hence possibly the tradition
in question may have originated.

There is abundant evidence that the Phoenicians
fled from Palestine in very early times (Ant. Univ.
Hist., vol. iii. p. 479.), and probably some of the
Jews also about the time when Samaria was taken ;
and there can be no doubt that some Phoenicians,
if not some Jews, settled in these islands at a very
remote period ; and it is a very remarkable fact
that the Welsh spoken in North "Wales is said to
be nearer to the old Hebrew than any other ex-
isting language, and varying no more from it than
the great length of time which has passed would
lead any one to expect. (Ant. Univ. Hist., vol. vi.
p. 31. note.)

It should seem that some at least of the bsetyli
were round, and of such a size that they might
be carried about by their votaries either by hang-
ing at the neck or in some other way (Ant. Univ.
Hist., vol. xvii. p. 287. x.). But probably they were
originally in the shape of a pillow. In Gen. xxviii.
18., it is said that Jacob "took the stone that
he had put for his pillow, and set it up for a
pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it ; " from
which it is plain that the stone was not a sphere,
but oblong and fiat at the top and bottom ; and
probably not with square edges, as that would be
most uncomfortable to lay the head upon.*

S. G. C.

Thirty years ago, the coronation stone in West-
minster Abbey stood under a very old chair ; and
was a bluish irregular block of stone, similar both
in colour and shape to stepping-stones in the shal-
low rivers of the north of England. It is now a
very nice hewn block, nicely fitted into the frame
under the seat of a renovated chair. It does not
look at all like the old stone of former days. Is

* Query whether from these baDtyli our ancestors de-
rived the word beetle, which denotes a wooden maul or
hammer for driving wedges. Its head is about a foot
long, flat at each end, and the rest round ; so that it
nearly resembles a pillow in shape, and the head, to-
gether with its handle, would well resemble a stone of
similar shape suspended by a cord in the middle.
Bailey derives the word in this sense, and as denoting
the insect, from Sax. ByCel. If a handle was ever
put in a bastylus, which was of the form I have sug-
gested, it would form an excellent instrument for
driving wedges or the like.

the geological formation of the present block very
difficult to ascertain ? H. R. nee F.

POLTGAMT.

(Vol. ix., p. 246.)

In answer to the various Queries of Sty/utes I
have to observe :

1. That the Jews do not at present, in any
country, practise polygamy, it being contrary, not
to the letter, but to the spirit of the law of Moses,
which nevertheless provides for cases where a
man has two wives at the same time ; the incon-
venience of which practice is several times pointed
out, and which was also inconsistent with the Le-
virate law. (See Jahn, §151.; and the Mishna,
D^J TTD, which designates more wives than one
finS, trouble, adversaries.)

2. The practice was, however, allowed expressly
to the Jewish kings only, perhaps to the extent of
four wives, which is the Rabbinic exposition, and
coincides with the Koran.

3. Marriage being a civil contract in most
heathen countries, as also amongst the Jews and
early Christians, polygamy is not forbidden or
allowed on religious grounds. Marriage was in-
cluded under the general head of covenants,
nnin3, in the Mishna. Barbarous nations ge-
nerally practised polygamy, according to Tacitus
(Germ. 18.); excepting the Germans, who, like
the Greeks and Romans, " were content with a
single wife," although some exceptions were found
in this respect, non libidine, sed ob nobilitatem.

4. Polygamy was not practised amongst the
early Christians, who followed the Jews in this
matter.

5. Clement of Alexandria (Stromata, lib. iii.
p. 461., edit. 1629) says:

" 'AAA' 6 avrbs avrip Kal Kvpios, ira\ai& naivlfyv, oi
ToXvyafiiau en ffvyx^peV t6n yap &7r7jT€i d Qebs, Stc
av^dvecrdai na\ it\ii)Qvveiv eXPV1'' povoya/xiav 5e tlo-dyei,
5io iraib'oiroiiav, ical Op rod oXkov KTjSe/iioviaj', els %v £07;-
6b$ i56Brj 7] yvvi]."

Whence it appears that to have progeny and a.
helpmate at home were the objects proposed in
matrimony, for which polygamy was unfavorable.
He then remarks on the privilege conceded to
some to form a second marriage, after the death
of the first wife, which St. Paul forbids to a
bishop, who was to be, in the modern sense of
the word, a monogamist. Two wives at the same
time were wholly repugnant to Jewish, as well
as Greek and Roman, sentiment. Ignatius (ad
Polyc. 5.) says it is proper (7rpeVei) for married
persons to unite under the bishop's advice, so that
the marriage may be Kara. ®ebv, and not ko.t iiri-
ev/xlav; whence it is inferred that a marriage was

330

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

valid in his time, although no religious sanction
was obtained.

It appears from Our Lord's remarks, Matt. xix.
8., Mark x. 5., that the consuetudinary law of
marriage was not wholly abrogated, but was ac-
commodated to the Jews by the Mosaic code. To
understand this subject, therefore, the ancient
usages and existing practices must be weighed,
as well from ancient authors as from modern tra-
vellers. Whence it appears that the contract of
marriage, whereby a man received a wife in con-
sideration of a certain sum of money paid to her
father, contemplated progeny as its special object.*
In default of an heir the Jew took a second wife,
it being assumed that the physical defect was on
the wife's part. If the second had no child he
took a third, and in like default a fourth, which
was the limit as understood by the rabbins, and is
now the limit assigned by the Mahometan doctors.
But the Mosaic law proceeded even beyond this,
and allowed, on the husband's death, the right of
Iboom, usually called the Levirate law, so that in
case of there being no child, some one of the de-
ceased's brothers had a right to take some one of
the deceased's wives : and their progeny was
deemed by the Mosaic code to be his deceased
brother's, whose property indeed devolved in the
line of such progeniture. It would appear that
it was usual for the eldest brothers to marry, the
younger brothers remaining single. This was a
remnant, as modified by Moses, of the custom of
polyandry, several brothers taking one wife, — a
sort of necessary result of polygamy, since the
number of males and females born is equal in all
countries, within certain limits of variation. The
best authorities on this subject are the Mishna,
Selden, Du Halde, Niebuhr, Siismilch, and Mi-
chalis, the last in Dr. Smith's translation, at the
beginning of the 2nd volume. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Stylites says, " On what ground has polygamy
become forbidden among Christians ? I am not
aware that it is directly forbidden by Scripture."
In reply to this I venture to say, that the Divine
will on this matter was sufficiently indicated at
the creation, when one woman was appointed for
one man, as expressed in Gen. ii. 24., and quoted
by Our Lord, with the significant addition of the
word twain : " They twain shall be one flesh "
(Matt. xix. 5.). Twain, i.e. two ; not twenty, nor
any indefinite number. Moreover, the law of
nature speaks, in the nearly equal numbers of
men and women that are born, or, as in this
parish, by making the men the more numerous.

But Stylites starts a most interesting question
in a practical point of view. It is admitted that

* In the recent ceremony of the French emperor's
marriage, money was presented to the bride.

the Gospel is not very explicit respecting poly-
gamy ; and why so ? Possibly the Gospel was
purposely kept silent; and the Church allowed
some latitude in judgment upon a very difficult
point, because it was foreseen that the custom of
polygamy would prove one of the greatest ob-
stacles to a reception of pure Christianity. This
difficulty is of constant occurrence in heathen
lands at the present day. The Christian mis-
sionary insists upon the convert abandoning all
his wives, except the one whom he first married.
This woman was probably childless ; and because
she was so, he formed other and legal connexions.
But before he can be received as a Christian, he
must dissolve all these later ties, and bastardise
children who were innocently born in lawful wed-
lock. The conditions are very awful. An act of
cruelty and injustice has to be performed by one
who is on the point of entering the threshold of
Christianity !

Perhaps these considerations may serve to ac-
count for the comparative silence of the Gospel
upon a subject which seemed to require the ex-
pression of a direct command, whilst they will in
no way obscure its universally-admitted meaning.

Alfred Gatty.

Ecclesfield.

POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.

(Vol. ix., p. 58.)

The subjoined lines address themselves to the
traveller, as he looks on the sign of " The Rod-
ney's Pillar" inn at Criggirn, a hamlet on the
borders of Montgomeryshire and this county :

" Under these trees, in sunny weather,
Just try a cup of ale, however ;
And if in tempest or in storm,
A couple then to make you warm ;
But when the day is very cold,
Then taste a mug a twelvemonth old."

Reverse side.
" Rest, and regale yourself: 'tis pleasant.
Enough is all the prudent need.
That's the due of the hardy peasant,
Who toils all sorts of men to feed.
" Then ' muzzle not the ox when he treads out the
corn,'
Nor grudge honest labour its pipe and its horn."

G. H. BlLLINGTON.

The following, although not a tavern sign, may
be worth preserving. I saw it under a painting
of an ox, which adorned a butcher's shop at Ischl,
in Upper Austria, a.d. 1835 :
" Der Ochs besteht aus Fleisch und Bein zum laufen,

Darum kann ich das Fleisch nicht ohne Bein ver-
kaufen." _

J. C. R.

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

331

In the parlour of the " Three Pigeons," Brent-
ford, is an old painting, dated 1704, representing
a landlord attending to his guests seated at a table
in the open air, with these lines above :
** Wee are new beginners,

And thrive wee would faine ;
I am Honest Ralf of Reading,
My wife Susand to name."

Wright, in his Historia Histronica, 1699, tells us
that —

" Lowin (one of the original actors in Shakspeare's
plays), in his latter days, kept an inn, the * Three
Pigeons,' at Brentford, where he died very old."

At the " Old Parr's Head," Aldersgate Street,
was, in 1825, a sign of an ancient gentleman, with
these lines under :

" Your head cool,
Your feet warm ;
But a glass of good gin
Would do you no harm."

The author of Tavern Anecdotes, 12mo., 1825,
records the following :

" Rhyming Host at Stratford.

At the Swan Tavern, kept by Lound,

The best accommodation's found —

Wine, spirits, porter, bottled beer,

You'll find in high perfection here.

If, in the garden with your lass,

You feel inclin'd to take a glass,

There tea and coffee, of the best,

Provided is for every guest ;

And, females not to drive from hence,

His charge is only fifteen pence.

Or, if dispos'd a pipe to smoke,

To sing a song, or crack a joke,

You may repair across the green,

Where nought is heard, tho' much is seen :

There laugh, and drink, and smoke away,

And but a mod'rate reck'ning pay, —

Which is a most important object,

To every loyal British subject.

In short,
The best accommodation's found,
By those who deign to visit Lound."

Edward F. Rimbatjlt.

1. At a public-house near Cambridge, known
to the natives of Cambridgeshire as " Tew-Pot
House," formerly kept by one Cooper, there used
to be, I cannot say decidedly is, as I have not
passed the place for ten years and more, the fol-
lowing :

" Rest, traveller, rest ; lo ! Cooper's hand
Obedient brings two pots at thy command.
Rest, traveller, rest, and banish thoughts of care.
Drink to thy friends, and recommend them here."

2. The Robin Hood inscription is found, with
a very little variation, in front of a public-house

at Cherryhinton, at the corner of the road to Ful-
bourn, in this county.

3. Who can forget the suggestion by Walter
Scott, of

" Drink, weary traveller, drink and pay"

as a motto for the public-house at Flodden ? (See
Lockhart's Life of Scott, cap. xxv.)

I remember seeing the following in the parlour
of a house at Rancton, I believe in Norfolk :

" More beer score clerk

For my my his

Do trust pay sent

I I must have

Shall if I brewer

What and and my."*

P. J. F. Gantillon.

In Deansgate, Manchester, under an artistic
representation of Llangollen Castle, is the follow-
ing :

" Near the above place, in a vault,
There is such liquor fixed,
You'll say that water, hops, and malt
Were never better mixed."

As a parallel to the case cited by Newbtjriensis,
I may mention the sign of the " Brown Cow," near
the village of Glodwick, Oldham :

" This cow gives such liquor,
'Twould puzzle a viccar" [sic].

John Scribe.

The following verse from the sign-board of the
Bull Inn at Buckland near Dover, may not be
an uninteresting addition to your list of poetical
tavern signs.

" The bull is tame, so fear him not,
All the while you pay your shot ;
When money 's gone, and credit 's bad,
It's that which makes the bull run mad !"

Fras. Brent.
Sandgate.

At the Red Lion, Stretton, near Warmington :

" The Lion is strong, the Cat is vicous [sic],
My ale is good, and so is my liquors."

E. P. Paling.
February 20, 1854.

At Swainsthorpe, a village five miles from Nor-
wich, on the road to Ipswich, is a public-house
known as the " Dun Cow." Under the portrait
of the cow, in former days, stood the following
couplet :

" Walk in, gentlemen ; I trust you'll find
The dun cow's milk is to your mind."

* Begin with the bottom word of the right-hand
column and read upwards, treating the other columns-
in a similar way.

332

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

Whether it still remains I know not, as many
years have gone by since I passed that way.

T. B. B. H.

BEHEMOTH.

(Vol. ix., p. 77.)

Hobbes's Behemoth forms the eighth tract in
the collection relating to the civil wars by the
Baron Maseres (1815), and occupies nearly 200
pages. The Baron, in his Preface (pp. lxxviii.,
Ixxix.) gives the following character of the work :

" It is written in a very clear and lively style, and
contains a great deal of curious historical matter con-
cerning the rise and gradual increase of the Pope's
power over temporal princes : the prohibition of mar-
riage in secular priests; the doctrine of transubstan-
tiation ; the institution of auricular confession to a
priest; the institution of Orders of preaching friars;
and the institution of Universities and Schools of Dis-
putation ; (all which institutions, he observes, had a
tendency to increase the power of the Pope, and were
made for that purpose,) which is set forth in pp. 467,
468., &c, to p. 472. And much other interesting
matter, concerning the sentiments of the Presbyterian
ministers, the Papists, the Independents, and other
sectaries. The pretensions made by them to Spiritual
Power, and the nature of heresies and the history of
them, is clearly and justly described in another part of
it ; over and above the narration of the several events
of the civil war itself, which I believe to be faithful
and exact in point of fact, though with a different
judgment of Mr. Hobbes as to the moral merit of the
persons concerned in producing them, from that which,
I presume, will be formed by many of the readers of
this history at this day ; which difference of judgment
between Mr. Hobbes and the present readers of this
work, will be a necessary consequence, from Mr.
Hobbes's having entertained two very important
opinions concerning the nature of civil government in
general, and of the monarchical government of England
in particular, which in the present age are thought, by
almost every Englishman who has paid any attention
to the subject, to be exceedingly erroneous."

Subjoined to his reprint of this tract, the Baron
has appended remarks on some particular pas-
sages therein, which appeared to him to contain
erroneous opinions. C. H. Cooper.

Cambridge.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Photographic Slides for the Magic Lantern. — Might
not the collodion process be applied very usefully in
the preparation of slides for the magic lantern ?

Good slides are always expensive, owing, in great
measure, to the accuracy required, where every defect
will be magnified some hundred times.

I would suggest that a photographic picture should
be taken on the glass plate, and then varnished. The
painter should then apply his colours to the opposite

side of the glass, using the photographic image as his
outline. The colours would then be burnt in, and the
varnish and collodion film cleared off.

This plan would be especially useful when the pho-
tographic picture had been taken by the microscope.

Thos. Scott, B. A.

Brighton.

Albumenized Paper. — If Mr. Hele will follow the
directions contained in a paper of mine which you
published in Vol. ix., p. 206., for albumenizing paper,
I think he will have no reason to complain of waves,
or streaks, or blotches, and will be saved the trouble of
the damping process which he uses and recommends to
others. (" N. & Q..," Vol. ix., p. 254.) I have done a
considerable quantity of paper of Canson, both positive
and negative, and also of other makers, Whatman,
Turner, Sandford, and Nash, and in all I have suc-
ceeded perfectly in obtaining an even coating of albu-
men. I am convinced from my own experience that
the cause of waviness, &c, is due to raising the paper
from the albumen too slowly. If the paper be snatched
hastily from the solution, air bubbles no doubt will be
formed; but if the paper be raised with a steady
even motion, notjtoo slow, the albumen will flow evenly
from the paper, and it will dry with a perfectly even
surface.

Mr. Shadbolt is certainly mistaken in saying that
positives printed from negatives will not stand a satu-
rated solution of hypo, soda, unless they be printed so
intensely dark that all traces of a picture by reflected
light are obliterated. I have used nothing but a
saturated solution for fixing my positives for a consi-
derable time, and my experience agrees with that of
other of your correspondents, that the picture is not as
much reduced by a saturated solution as by a weaker
one. By adding about one grain of sel d'or to every
eight ounces of saturated solution, very rich black
tones will be obtained.

I inclose a specimen of what I have got in this way.

C. E. F.

[The specimen sent is most satisfactory; we wish
that the locality of the view had been stated. — Ed.]

Mounting Positives on Cardboard. — In the absence
of any other reply to J. L. S. (Vol. ix., p. 282.), the
following, as the method I always adopt, may serve his
purpose.

Having cut the positive to the size required, and
trimmed the edges, place it upon the cardboard to
which it is intended to be attached, and carefully
centre it ; then with a pencil make a slight dot at each
of the angles. Remove the proof, and lay it face
downwards upon a piece of clean paper or a cloth, and
with any convenient brush smear it evenly over with a
paste made of arrowroot, taking care not to have more
than just enough to cover it without leaving any
patches. Place it gently on the cardboard, holding it
for the purpose by two opposite angles, and with a silk
handkerchief dab it gently, beginning in the middle,
and work any little superfluity of the paste towards the
edges, when it will be gradually pressed out. The
whole may be placed in a press, or under a pile of
books to dry.

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

333

My object in using arrowroot is simply that of having
a pure starch without colour, and it serves as a size to
the paper, which has lost that originally in it by the
repeated washings, &c.

The paste is made very thin, thus : — Put a teaspoon-
ful of arrowroot (not heaped) into a teacup with about
two spoonfuls of cold water, and mix into a paste :
then add boiling water enough to fill the cup, and stir.
Many photographers merely attach the edges of their
pictures, but I prefer them to adhere all over. Gum
is fatal to the beauty of a photograph, unless it is pre-
viously re-sized. Geo. Shadeolt.

Mr. Lyte's Collodion (Vol. ix., p. 225.). — Our
readers may remember that in " N. & Q.," Feb. 18,
Mr. F. Maxwell Lvte furnished our readers with a
•detailed plan of his mode of preparing collodion. In
that article, written from Pan, that gentleman was so
good as to promise us that when he had an opportunity
lie would send us a couple of specimens of his work-
manship. He has more than fulfilled his promise, for
we have received from him this week four photo-
graphs, which, for general beauty and minuteness of
detail, cannot be surpassed. The subjects are, I. Study
of Trees, No. 2. ; II. Study of Trees, No. 5. Old Pol-
lard Oak; III. Study of Trees, Peasants collecting
Leaves ; IV. Old Church Porch, Morlaas, Monogram
of the Eleventh Century. Mr. Lyte, who is a first-
rate chemist, has shown himself by these specimens to
be also a first-rate practical photographer. From him,
therefore, the art may look for much future progress.

&*j)Ito> ta f&inax eaum'etf.

Burton's " Anatomy of Melancholy " (Vol. ix.,
p. 191.). — Dr. Rimbault may perhaps be in-
terested in hearing that some years ago I urged
upon two London publishers the desirableness of
bringing out a new edition of Burton's Anatomy
of Melancholy, but [they both declined to under-
take the work. I then resolved to publish myself
the latter part of the work (on Religious Melan-
choly}, and made known my intention in " N. &
Q.," in the hope of obtaining some casual notes
and observations ; but in this also I was disap-
pointed. As, however, my intention is only sus-
pended for the present, not abandoned, I shall be
obliged by any assistance that Dr. Rimbault, or
any of your readers, can afford me. Can any one
correct the following list of editions of the Ana-
tomy of Melancholy ?

1621. 4to. Oxford.

1738.

fol.

1624. fol. Oxford.

1800.

fol.

2 vols.

1628. fol. Oxford.

1804.

8vo.

2 vols.

1632. fol. Oxford.

1806.

8vo.

2 vols.

1638. fol.

1827.

8vo.

2 vols.

1651-2. fol.

1829.

8vo.

2 vols.

1660. fol. London.

1837.

8vo.

2 vols.

1676. fol.

1839.

8vo.

1728. fol.

1845.

8vo.

If Watt's Biblioth.

be

correct,

the

last folio

edition was not that of 1676 (see "N. & Q."
Vol. ix., p. 121.) ; but on this and other similar
points I shall be glad to hear Dr. Rimbault' s
opinion. M. D.

Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters
of Malta (Vol. viii., p. 99.). — When making out
the list of English Royal Letters, which has al-
ready appeared in "N. & Q.," we were not aware
that any others besides those which we recorded
at the time were to be found in the Record Office.
Since then Dr. Vella has examined other manu-
script volumes, and, fortunately, brought to light
nine more autograph letters, to which, according
to their dates, we hope to call your attention here-
after. They are as follows :

In -what

Writer.

Date.

Language
written.

To whom addressed.

Charles II.

28th November, '670.

Latin.

Nicholas Cotoner.

Ditto -

12th February, 1674.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto -

19th May, 1675.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto -

28th October, 1676.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto -

2nd November, 1678.

Ditto.

Ditto.

James II.*

24th August, 1685.

Ditto.

Gregory Caraffa.

Ditto -

10th day of Jan. 1686-7.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto -

9th April, 1687.

Ditto.

Ditto.

George I. -

5th May, 1715.

Ditto.

Raymond Perellos.

* The letters of James II. are countersigned " Comes de Sunder-
land,"^) and that of George I. "I. Stanhope. '

In our previous list an error occurred, which
we would wish to correct. The last letter of
Henry VIII. was addressed to the Grand Master
Pierre Du Pont, and not to Nicholas Cotoner, who
ascended the Maltese throne in 1663. The trans-
lation of H. M.'s congratulatory letter to Du Pont,
on his election, we trust you have already re-
ceived. We referred in our former Note to a
letter of Charles II., under date of " the last day
of November, 1674," and since that came to our
observation we have seen an exact copy bearing
the autograph of the king. This circumstance
leads us to inquire at what period, and with what
English monarch, the custom of sending dupli-
cate letters originated ? In the time of James II.
it would appear to have been followed, as one of
H. M.'s letters is thus marked in his own hand-
writing.

We would state, before closing this Note, that
the letters of James II. are the earliest in date of
any English royal letters filed away at this island
which are countersigned, or hear the address of the
Grand Master at the foot of the first page, on the
left-hand side, as is customary in writing official
letters to government officers at the present time.

Will any of your correspondents kindly inform
us with what English monarch the custom ori-

(') Robert Spencer, second Earl of Sunderland, K.G.,
was principal Secretary of State during the latter years
of Charles II. and the whole reign of James II., and
as such, when countersigning a royal letter, he placed
at the end of his signature the letter P.

334

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

Gentlemen of the Privy
Chamber - -

ginated of having his letters countersigned by a
minister, and of placing the address within the
letter, as is the case in those of James II. to which
we have just referred ? William Winthrop.
La Valetta, Malta.

Prince Charles' Attendants in Spain (Vol. ix.,
p. 272.). — In a small 4to. MS. in my possession,
entitled " A Narrative of Count Gondomar's Pro-
ceedings in England," is the following list of " The
Prince's Servants " who accompanied him in his
journey into Spain :

" Master of the Horse, Lord Andover.

Master of the Ward, Lord Compton.

Chamberlain, Lord Carey.

Comptroller, Lord Vaughan.

Secretary, Sir Francis Cottington.

Gentleman of the Bed-chamber, Sir Robert Carr.
Sir William Howard,
Sir Edmund Verney,
Sir William Crofts,
Sir Richard Wynne,
Mr. Ralph Clare,
Mr. John Sandilaus,
Mr. Charles Glemham.
Mr. Francis Carew.

Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber, Sir John North.

{Mr. Newton,
Mr. Young,
Mr. Tyrwhitt.
Grooms of the Bed-chamber, five.
Pages, three.
Chaplains, two."

Edward F. Rimbatjlt.

Churchill's Grave (Vol. ix., p. 122.). — The fact
that Churchill's grave is at Dover, is not an ob-
scure one. It was visited by Byron, who wrote a
poem on the subject, which will be found in his
Works. This poem is remarkable, among other
things, from the circumstance that it is written
in avowed and serious imitation of the style of
Wordsworth. M. T. W.

" Cissle" (Vol. ix., p. 148.). — If A. refers to
Forby's Vocabulary of East Anglia, he will find :

" Sizzle, v. To dry and shrivel up with hissing,
by the action of fire or some greasy or juicy substance."

C. R. M.

Contributors to Knighfs " Quarterly Magazine"
(Vol. ix., p. 103.). — I can answer one of E. H.'s
inquiries. Gerard Montgomery was the assumed
name of the Rev. J. Moultrie. It was originally
adopted by him in that most brilliant of all school
periodicals, The Etonian, and the mask was
thrown off in the list of contributors given at the
end of the third volume. In The Etonian it was
attached to " Godiva," the poem which attracted
the warm admiration of Gifford of the Quarterly
Review, a man not prodigal of praise, and the
" Godiva" of Moultrie may still fearlessly unveil

its charms beside the " Godiva" of Tennyson. His
longest poem in Knight's Quarterly was " La Belle
Tryamour," which has since been republished in a
volume of collected poems with his name to them,
many of which are strikingly unlike it in character.
The gay Etonian is now the vicar of Rugby ; and
the story of his experiences has been told by him-
self with a singular charm in his "Dream of a
Life."

Strange it is that the contributions of Macaulay
to Knight's Quarterly Magazine should not, ere
now, have been reprinted. Some few of them
have been so, and are become familiar as house-
hold words on both sides of the Atlantic. The
others are as obscure as if still in manuscript.
What does the public at large know of the " Frag-
ments of a Roman Tale," or the " Scenes from
Athenian Revels ;" in which the future historian
tried his powers as a romancer and a dramatist —
in the one case bringing before us Caesar and
Catiline, in the other Alcibiades and his com-
rades. There are essays too by Macaulay in
Knight's Quarterly Magazine of a lighter cha-
racter than those in the Edinburgh Review, but
not less brilliant than any in that splendid series
which now takes rank as one of the most valuable
contributions of the present age to the standard
literature of England. It would not be one of
the least weighty arguments against the extended
law of copyright, which Macaulay succeeded in
passing, that the public is now deprived of the
enjoyment of such treasures as these by the too
nice fastidiousness of their author. As on two
former occasions, we suppose that they are likely
to be first collected in Boston or New York, and
that London will afterwards profit by the rebound.

M. T. W.

" La Langue Pandras" (Vol. ii., pp. 376.403.).—
It is merely a conjecture, but may not the word
Pandras be the second person singular in the
future tense of a verb derived from the Latin
pando, " to open ?" I am not aware of the exist-
ence of such a word as pander in old French ; but
I believe that it was by no means an unusual
practice among the writers of Chaucer's time to
adapt Latin words to their own idiom.

HoNORE DE MAREVILLE.

Guernsey.

Cranmer Bibles (Vol. ix., p. 119.). — S. R. M.
will be gratified to learn, that the death of Mr.
Lea Wilson has not, as he conjectures, led to the
dispersion of the curious collection of Cranmer
Bibles, which he had been at so much pains in
forming, but to its being rendered more accessible.
They were all purchased for the British Museum.
• l M. T. W.

Voisonier (Vol. ix., p. 224.). — A corruption of
vowsoner, i.e. the owner of the voivson; this last

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

335

word being anciently used for advowson, as may
be seen by the glossary to Robert of Gloucester's
Works. C. H.

I submit that this word means advowsoner, that
is, " owner of the advowson." Q. D.

Word-minting (Vol. ix., p. 151.). — To Mr.
Melville's list of new words, you may add :
talented (Yankee), adumbrate (pedantic), service.
The latter word is of very late importation from
the French, within three years, as applied to the
lines of steamers, or traffic of railways. It is an
age of word- minting ; and bids fair to corrupt the
purity of the English language by the coinage of
the slovenly writer, and adoption of foreign or
learned words which possess an actual synonym
in our own tongue. Mr. Melville deserves our
thanks for his timely notice of such "contraband"
wares. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

Your correspondent Mr. Melville will be
surprised to learn that the words deranged, de-
rangement, now so generally used in reference to
a disordered intellect, or madness, are not to be
found in any dictionary that I have seen. J. A. H.

Fair Rosamond (Vol. ix., p. 163.). — The lines
which your correspondent C. C. inquires for are
from Warner's Albion's England, which first ap-
peared in thirteen books in 1586 :

" Fair Rosamond, surprised thus ere thus she did

expect,
Fell on her humble knees, and did her fearful hands

erect :
She blushed out beauty, whilst the tears did wash

her pleasing face,
And begged pardon, meriting no less of common

grace.
* So far, forsooth, as in me lay, I did,' quoth she,

1 withstand ;
But what may not so great a king by means or force

command ? '
■ And dar'st thou, minion,' quoth the queen, ' thus

article to me ? '

With that she dashed her on the lips, so dyed double

red :
Hard was the heart that gave the blow, soft were

those lips that bled."

J. M. B.

Death-warnings in ancient Families (Vol. ix.,
pp.55. 114. 150.).—

" As a Peaksman, and a long resident in the Isle of
Man, Peveril was well acquainted with many a super-
stitious legend; and particularly with a belief, which
attached to the powerful family of the Stanleys, for
their peculiar demon, a Ban-shie, or female spirit, who
was wont to shriek, < Foreboding evil times ; ' and
who was generally seen weeping and bemoaning her-
self before the death of any person of distinction be-

longing to the family." — Peveril of the Peak, vol. ii.
p. 174.

J. M.

Oxford.

Poets Laureate (Vol. ii., p. 20.). — Your cor-
respondent S. H. will find " an account of the
origin, office, emoluments, and privileges of poet
laureate" in a recent work entitled The Lives of
the Poets Laureate, with an Introductory Essay on
the Title and Office, by W. S. Austin, Jun., and
J. Ralph (Richard Bentley, 1853).

From The Memoirs of William Wordsworth,
vol. ii. p. 403., it would appear that there is a
" very interesting literary essay on the laureates of
England by Mr. Quillinan."

In the year 1803, it would appear that Lord
Hardvvicke, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, " offered
to create a laureateship in Ireland, with the same
emoluments as the English one," if Mr. Moore
would accept it. (Memoirs of Tom Moore, vol. i.
p. 228.)

From Mr. Moore's Letter to his Mother, dated
May 20, 1803, we learn that —

" The manner in which Mr. "Wickham communi-
cated the circumstance to me would disgust any man
with the least spirit of independence about him. I
accordingly, yesterday, after the receipt of my father's
letter, enclosed the ode on the birth-day, at the same
time resigning the situation." — Memoirs of Tom Moore,
vol.i. pp. 126 — 128.

Leonard L. Hartley.
York.

Brissot de Warville (Vol. ix., p. 209.). — Since
my last communication on the above subject, I
have obtained The Life of J. P. Brissot, 8fc,
written by himself, an 8vo. volume of pp. 92, pub-
lished by Debrett, London, 1794. It is a trans-
lation, the original of which I have never seen.
And if you do not think the subject exhausted,
perhaps you will spare a few lines for his own ac-
count of his name.

" The office of an attorney was my gymnasium ; I
laboured in it for the space of five years, as well in the
country as in Paris. ... To relieve my weari-
ness and disgust, 1 applied myself to literature and to
the sciences. The study of the languages was, above
all others, my favourite pursuit. Chance threw in my
way two Englishmen, on a visit to my own country :
I learned their language, and this circumstance decided
my fate. It was at the commencement of my passion
for that language that I made the metamorphosis of a
diphthong in my name, which has been imputed to me
as so great a crime ; and, since I must render an ac-
count of every particular point, lest even the slightest
hold against me should be afforded to malignity, I will
declare the cause of the change in question. Born
the thirteenth child of my family, and the second of
my brothers in it, I bore, for the purpose of being dis-
tinguished from them, according to the custom of
Beance, the name of a village in which my father pos-

336

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

sesscd some landed property. This village was called
Ouarville, and Ouarville became the name by which I
was known in my own country. A fancy struck me
that I would cast an English air over my name, and
therefore I substituted, in the place of the French
diphthong ou, the w of the English, which has the same
sound. Since this nominal alteration, having put it as
a signature to my published works and to different
deeds, I judged it right to preserve it. If this be a
crime, I participate in the guilt of the French literati,
who, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, made
no scruple whatsoever of grecising or (if we may use
the expressions) latinising their appellations. Arouet,
to escape from a reproachful pun upon his name,
changed it into that of Voltaire. The Anglomania (if
such it may be called) has occasioned me to alter
mine ; not, as it has been pretended, to draw in dupes,
or to avoid passing for the son of my father, since I
have perpetually borne, signed, and printed the name
of my father after that second name which was given
to me according to the custom of my country."

There are many other interesting particulars, but
the above is all that bears upon his adoption of
the name Warville, and will, perhaps, be con-
sidered pretty conclusive. N. J. A.

"Branks" (Vol. ix., p. 149.). — Tn Wodrow's
Biographical Collections, vol. ii. p. 72., under the
date June 15, 1596, will be found the following :

" The Session (of Glasgow) appoint jorgs and branks
to be made for punishing flyters."

I cannot at this moment refer particularly, but
I know that the word is to be found in Burns'
Poems in the sense of a rustic bit or bridle. The
term is still in use in the west of Scotland ; and
country horses, within the memory of many, were
tormented with the clumsy contrivance across
their noses. With all its clumsiness it was very
powerful, as it pressed on the nostrils of the
animal: its action was somewhat like that of a
pair of scissors. L. N. R.

Theobald le Botiller (Vol. viii., p. 367.). — If
Mr. Devereux refers to Lynch on Feudal Dig'
nities, p. 81., he will find that Theobald le Bo-
tiller, called the second hereditary Butler of Ire-
land, was of age in 1220, and died, not in 1230,
but in 1248 ; that he married Roesia de Verdon ;
that his eldest son and heir was Theobald, third
Butler (grandfather of Edmund, sixth Butler,
who was created Earl of Carrick), and that by the
same marriage he was also the ancestor of the
Verdons of England and of Ireland. Now, in
Lodge's Peerage by Archdall, 1789, vol. iv. p. 5.,
it is said that the wife of Theobald, second Butler,
was Joane, eldest sister and co-heir of John de
Marisco, a great baron in Ireland ; and thirdly,
Sir Bernard Burke, in his Extinct Peerage, makes
his wife to be Maud, sister of Thomas a Becket.
Which of these three accounts am I to believe ?

Y. S. M.

Lord Harington (not Harrington) (Vol. viii.,
p. 366.). — In Collins' Peerage, by Sir Egerton
Brydges, ed. 1812, I find that Hugh Courtenay,
second Earl of Devon, born in 1303, had a daugh-
ter Catherine, who married first, Lord Harington,
and secondly, Sir Thomas Engain. This evidently
must have been John, second Lord Harington,
who died in 1363, and not William, fifth lord, as
given in Burke : the fifth lord was not born till
after 1384, and died in 1457. Y. S. M.

Amontillado (Vol. ix., p. 222.). — This wine was
first imported into England about the year 1811,
and the supply was so small, that the entire quan-
tity was only sufficient for the table of three con-
sumers, who speedily became attached to it, and
thenceforward drank no other sherry. One of
these was His Royal Highness the late Duke of
Kent ; and another, an old friend of one who now
ventures from a distant recollection to give an
account of its origin.

The winegrowers at Xeres de la Frontera had
been obliged, in consequence of the increasing
demand for sherry, to extend their vineyards up
the sides of the mountains, beyond the natural
soil of the sherry grape. The produce thus ob-
tained was mixed with the fruit of the more genial
soil below, and a very good sherry for common
use was the result.

When the French devastated the neighbourhood
of Xeres in 1809, they destroyed many of the
vineyards, and for a time put the winegrowers to
great shifts. One house in particular was obliged
to have recourse chiefly to the mountain grape
for the support of its trade, and for the first time
manufactured it without admixture into wine.
Very few butts of this produce would stand, and
by far the greater portion was treated with brandy
to make it saleable.

The small quantity that resisted the acetous
fermentation, turned out to be very different in
flavour to the ordinary sherry wine, and it was
sent over to this country under the name of
Amontillado sherry, from the circumstance of the
grape having been grown on the mountains.

The genuine wine is very delicate, with a pe-
culiar flavour, slightly aromatic rather than nutty ;
and answers admirably to the improved taste of
the present age. Patonce.

"Mairdil" (Vol. ix., p. 233.).— I have heard
the word " maddle" often used in the West Riding
of Yorkshire, in exactly the same sense as the
word mairdil, as mentioned by Mr. Stephens.
And in this part the work-people would use the
word "muddle" in a similar sense. J. L. Sisson.

Separation of the Sexes in Church (Vol. ii.,
p. 94.). — In many churches in Lower Brittany I
observed that the women occupied the nave ex-
clusively, the men placing themselves in the aisles.

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

337

I speak, of course, of Roman Catholic churches ;
but I believe that in the Protestant congregations
in France, the rule of the separation of the sexes
has always been observed.

In the island of Guernsey it has been usual,
although the custom is now beginning to be broken
through, for the men to communicate before the
women. As the Presbyterian discipline was in-
troduced into that island from France and Geneva,
and prevailed there from the time of the Reform-
ation until the Restoration of Charles II., it is
Erobable that this usage is a remnant of therule
y which the sexes were separated during divine
service. Edgar MacCulloch.

Guernsey.

Costume of the Clergy not Enarean (Vol. ix.,
p. 101.). — A. CM. has no other authority for
calling the cassock and girdle of the clergy " effe-
minate," or " a relique of the ancient priestly pre-
dilection for female attire," than the contrast to
the close-fitting skin-tight fashion adopted by
modern European tailors ; the same might be
said of any flowing kind of robe, such as the
Eastern costume, or that of the English judges,
which as nearly approaches to the cassock and
cincture as possible. In a late number of the
Illustrated London News will be found drawings
from the new statues of the kings of England lately
erected in the new Houses of Parliament : of, I
think, twelve there represented, eight have a " pet-
ticoat-like cassock," or frock, and of course for
convenience a girdle.

Can any of your correspondents inform us
when the cassock was introduced as an ecclesias-
tical dress, whether it was then worn by persons
of other vocations, and what was the ecclesiastical
costume (if any) which it superseded ? H. P.

Inedited Letter of Lord Nelson (Vol. ix.,
p. 241.). — On behalf of the precious pages of
" N. & Q.," I beg leave to protest against printing
as inedited what a very slight degree of research
would have found to have been long since pub-
lished. The letter in question will be found in
Clarke and M' Arthur's Life of Nelson, vol. ii.
p. 431., and in Nicolas' s Nelson Despatches,
vol. vii. p. 75.

I am induced to notice this especially, in the
hope that Mb. Jacob, who promises us future
communications of the same class, may previously
satisfy himself that they are inedited. C.

Views in London by Canaletto (Vol. ix., p. 106.).
— In reply to the inquiry of your correspondent
Gondola, with respect to views of London painted
by Canaletto, whose announcement of them he
quotes, I beg to inform him that 1 have in my
collection one of these views, " The Thames from
the Temple Gardens," in which it is curious to

trace, in Thames wherries, grave Templars, and
London atmosphere, the hand that was usually
employed on gondolas, maskers, and Italian skies.
I believe that others of his London views are in
the collections of the Dukes of Northumberland
and Buccleuch. Edmund Phipps.

Park Lane.

Richard Geering (Vol. viii., p. 504.). — I thank
Julia R. Bockett for her Reply ; and if H. C. C.
will send me a copy of the Geering pedigree and
arms, I shall feel much obliged, and should I suc-
ceed in discovering any particulars of Richard's
ancestry, I shall willingly communicate the result
to him. I have already sent you my name and
address, but not for publication ; and I added a
stamped envelope, in case any person wished to
communicate directly with me. I can have no
objection to your giving my address privately to
any one, but being " unknown to fame," I prefer
retaining in your pages the incognito I have as-
sumed. I quite agree with the remarks of H. B. C.
and Mr. King, Vol. viii., pp. 112. 182.

Y. S. M.

Grafts and the Parent Tree (Vol. vii., pp. 365.
436. 486.536.). — I was equally surprised with
H. C. K. at the dictum of Mr. Ingleby, that
" grafts after some fifteen years wear themselves
out," but the ground for such a belief is fairly
suggested by J. G. (p. 536.), otherwise I am afraid
the almost universal experience of orchardists
would contradict Mr. Ingleby's theory. The
" Ross Nonpareil," a well-known and valuable
fruit, was, like the Ribston Pippin, singular to
say, raised from Normandy seed. The fact has
been often told to me by a gentleman who died
several years since, at a very advanced age, in the
town of New Ross, co. Wexford. He perfectly
remembered the original tree standing in the
garden attached to the endowed school in that
town, where it had been originally planted by Sir
John Ivory, the son or grandson of a Cromwellian
settler, who raised it from seed, at the commence-
ment of the eighteenth century ; and who left his
own dwelling-house in New Ross to be a school,
and endowed it out of his estates. The tree has
long since decayed, but its innumerable grafted
successors are in the most flourishing condition.
The flavour of this apple lies chiefly in its rind.

Y.S.M.

Golden Tooth (Vol. viii., p. 382.). — I recollect
very well, when a boy, trying to keep my tongue
out of the cavity from whence a tooth had been
extracted, in the hope of acquiring the golden
tooth promised to me by my old nurse, and after
several attempts having succeeded in refraining
for four-and-twenty hours (the period required to
elapse), and no gold tooth appearing, I well re-
member my disgust and disappointment. This

338

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 232.

folk lore (query lure) was, and I believe still is, in
full force in the south of Ireland, and probably
elsewhere. X. S. M.

Cambridge Mathematical Questions (Vol. ix.,
p. 35.). — These are so far put forth " by au-
thority " as the publication in the Cambridge Ca-
lendar, and the two local newspapers goes ; a
collection of the Senate House Papers for " Ho-
nours" from 1838 to 1849, has also been pub-
lished, arranged according to subjects, by Rev.
A. H. Frost, M.A., of St. John's College.

P. J. F. Gantillon.

Lichfield Bower or Wappenschau (Vol. ix.,
p. 242.). — In answer to Mb. Lamont's question,
I have to inform him that in this city a similar
wappenschau, or exhibition of arms, has been an-
nually maintained, with a short intermission, from
time immemorial. The Court of Array held on
Whit Monday was anciently commenced, accord-
ing to Pitt, by the high constables of this city,
attended by ten men with firelocks, and adorned
with ribbons, preceded by eight morris-dancers,
and a clown fantastically dressed, escorting the
sheriff, town clerk, and bailiffs from the Guildhall
to the Bower at Greenhill, temporarily erected for
their reception, where the names of all the house-
holders and others of the twenty-one wards of the
city were called to do suit and service to " the
court of review of men and arms." The dozener,
or petty constable of each ward, was summoned
to attend, who with a flag joined the procession
through his ward, when a volley was fired over
every house in it, and the procession was regaled
by the inhabitants with refreshments. Those in-
habitants who, on such summons, proceeded to
the Bower, were regaled with a cold collation.
Those who did not attend (for the names of each
ward were called over) were fined one penny each.
The twenty-one wards require a long day for this
purpose, and it is concluded by a procession to
the market-place, where the town clerk informs
them that the firm allegiance of their ancestors
had obtained grants to their city of valuable
charters and immunities, and advises them to con-
tinue in the same course. The dozeners then
deposit their flags under the belfry in the adjacent
church of St. Mary's. This ceremony still con-
tinues, with the exception of the armed men and
the firing. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Anecdote of George IV. (Vol. ix., p. 244.). —
In the letter supposed to be written by the late
Prince of Wales when a child, I observe these
words : " which I have stolen from the old woman
(the queen)." I think it more probable that the
writer refers to Mrs. Schwellenberg, an old Ger-
man lady, who came over with the late queen as
a confidential domestic, and who would have such

articles under her keeping. (See Diary of Madame
DArblay.) The transaction is a notable instance
of the prince's forethought and liberality at an
early age. W. H.

Pedigree to the Time of Alfred (Vol. viii., p. 586. ;
Vol. ix., p. 233.). — I beg to inform your cor-
respondent S. D. that she will find a very inte-
resting notice of the Wapshot family in Chertsey
and its Neighbourhood, by Mrs. S. C. Hall, 1853.

Geo. Bish Webb.

Tortoiseshell Tom-cat (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii.,
p. 271.). — I have certainly heard of tortoiseshell
tom-cats ; but never having seen one, I cannot
affirm that any such exist. The fact of their
rarity is undoubted ; but I should like to be in-
formed by W. Pi., or any other person who has
paid particular attention to the natural history of
this useful and much calumniated domestic animal,
whether yellow female cats are not quite as un-
common as tortoiseshell males ?

HoNOBE DE MABEVIELE.

Guernsey.

ffli&ztWimtawl.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The new edition of Mr. Smee's valuable little work
on The Eye in Health and Disease, is one to which
we desire to direct the attention of all our readers, for
the subject is one of great importance, and more espe-
cially to reading men. Mr. Smee has obviously de-
voted great attention to the various derangements to
which this hardly-worked yet beautifully-delicate organ
is liable ; and his remarks cannot fail to prove of great
service to those who require the assistance either of the
oculist or the optician. To our photographic readers,
the present reprint will be of especial interest for the
very able paper " On the Stereoscope and Binocular Per-
spective," which is appended to it.

The Homeric Design of the Shield of Achilles, by
William Watkiss Lloyd. A dissertation on a subject
immortalised by the poetry of Homer and the sculp-
ture of Flaxman, which will well repay our classical
readers for the time spent in its perusal.

Architectural Botany, setting forth the Geometrical
Distribution of Foliage, Flowers, Fruits, fyc. — a sepa-
rately published extract from Mr. W. P. Griffith's
Ancient Gothic Churches — is a farther endeavour on the
part of the author to direct attention to the laws by
which vegetable productions were created and imitated
by the early architects, and thereby to contribute to
securing greater beauty and precision on the part of
their successors to the decoration of churches.

Books Received. — Gibbon's Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire, with Notes by Milman and Guizot,
edited by Dr. William Smith. The second volume of
this handsome edition, forming part of Murray's British
Classics, extends from the reign of Claudius to Julian's
victories in Gaul. — The Archaologia Cambrensis, New

April 8. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

339

Series, No. XVII., has, in addition to an excellent ar-
ticle by Mr. Hartshorne on Conway Castle, a number
of other papers on subjects connected with the Princi-
pality. — Lives of the Queens of England, by Agnes
Strickland, Vol. IV., is entirely dedicated to Glorious
Queen Bess, of whom we think far more highly than
her biographer. — Poetical Works of William Cowper,
edited by Robert Bell, Vol. I. Cowper is so great and
deserved a favourite, that his works will probably be
among the most popular portion of Parker's Annotated
Edition of the English Poets. — The Journal of Sacred
Literature, New Series, No. XL, April 1854, contains
thirteen various articles illustrative of the Sacred
Writings, besides its valuable miscellaneous correspon-
dence and intelligence. — Macaulay's Critical and His-
torical Essays. Part II. of the People's Edition con-
tains for one shilling some six or seven of these brilliant
essays, including those on Moore's Byron, Boswell's
Johnson, Nugent's Hampden, and Burleigh. — The
Cyclopedia Bibliographica, Part XIX. The first
portion of this valuable work must be drawing rapidly
to a close, as this nineteenth part extends to Rev. R.
Valpy.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift. London, printed for

C. Bathurst, in Fleet Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI.

ending with " Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift," written in

Nov. 1731.)
Byron's Works. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
The Volume of the London Polyglott which contains the

Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
Carlisle on Grammar Schools.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.

*»* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mb. Bell, Publisher of " NOTliS AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Penny Cyclopedia. Part 92. (For September, 1840 )
i Wanted by A. Baden, Jun., 1. Old Broad Street.

Allister's Paradigma Chess Openings.

Natt's Sermons preached at St. Sepulchre.

Armytage's (Rev. J., of Tidenham) Sermons.

Mayhew's London Life and Labour. Complete.

Nicholson's Lectures on Hezekiah.

Walton and Cotton's Angler. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.

Wanted by Mr. Hat/ward, Bookseller, Bath.

The Family Instructor, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford,

Talboys.
Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany. 1724.
The Lady's Poetical Magazine, or Beauties of British Poets.

4 Vols. London, 1781.
The Hive, 3 Vols., containing First Edition of Vol. I.
The Hive. Vol. III. 4th Edition. (Edition in 4 Vols.)
London Magazine. Vols, after the year 1763.

Wanted by Fred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

jiatittsi ta (Inrr^{i0ttAicitt^.

L. M. T. (Bath) is thanked; but original poetry does not
fall within the objects of"H.8c Q."

Dixon of Beeston — Our Chester Correspondent on this sub-
ject is thanked for his information. He no doubt will agree with
us that it is not desirable to publish it, as it relates in some degree
to one who need not be brought before the public.

Annie (Brixton) will see in our First Volume a tolerably full
history of what Sterne has made world-renowned — "God
tempers the wind to the nhom lamb."

Electric Telegraph C. W. F. is thanked, and referred to

our Sixth Volume, p. 93., where he will see Addison's notice of
the Electric Telegraph ; and to p. 204. of the same volume for a
valuable communication from Mr. Singer on Strada's Sympa-
thetic Magnetic telegraph.

One who has whistled at the Plough The three grains

of pyrogallic acid to one drachm of acetic and one ounce of
water. For the development of negatives, this may with benefit be
diluted by using one third of this solution, two thirds of water.

Answers to many other Correspondents {including Photo-
graphic) are unavoidably deferred until next week.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s — For these early application
is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. tflew-
ltt, J. Briz/.i, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hass<5,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kulie, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER I

JA. ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they I
are now registering Orders for the March !
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

HEAL & SON'S SPRING
MATTRESSES The most durable

Bedding is a well-made SPRING MAT-
TRESS ; it retains its elasticity, and will wear
longer without repair than any other mattress,
and with one French Wool and Hair Mattress
on it is a most luxurious Bed. HEAL & SON
make them in three varieties. For prices of
the different sizes and qualities, apply for
HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, and priced LIST
OF BEDDING. It contains designs and
prices of upwards of 100 Bedsteads, and prices
of every description of Bedding, and is sent
free by Post.
HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

340

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 232.

ARUNDEL SOCIETY. — The
Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3),
consisting of Eight Wood Engravings by
MESSRS. DALZIEL. from Mr. W. Oliver
"Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
»t PADUA, is now ready : and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions nre requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN .T. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures. Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,

168. New Bond Street.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO.. Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

COLLODION PORTRAITS
AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton : cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenizcd paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to snH
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extens.vely employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
S. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1812.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seoger, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Directors.
H. E. Biclcnell.Esq.
T. 8. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.— Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100/.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —
Age £ s. d. I Age £ s. d.

17- - . 1 U 4 | 32- - - 2 10 8
22 - - - 1 18 8 37- - - 2 18 6
27- - - 2 4 5 | 42 - - -382

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6rf., Second Edition,
■with material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&C. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

flHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF

V^ SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicicy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.— MESSRS.
A. MARION & CO. beg to inform the
Artists and Amateurs that they are now ready
to supply them with papers manufactured ex-
pressly for Photographic purposes ; since it
has been tried it has received the unanimous
good opinion of the most successful operators.
Positive and Negative (n t prepared). Simple
Salted, and Salted Albumenized Positive,
Simple Waxed, and Waxed Iodized Negative,
Gummed Paper, and Cards for Mounting
Proofs.
PAPETERIE MARION, 152. Regent Street.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND^ POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 64. : double size, 4s. Sr/. ; 7s. 6d.
equal to 4 small; lis. to 6 small: 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Jointi in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6<l. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street;
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row: BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork: BARRY, 9. Main
Street. Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow ^UN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street; PR017T, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street: London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

GROSJEAN'S

CELEBRATED TROWSERS,

16s. per Pair.
109. REGENT STREET.

SURPLICES.

r\ ILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton,

\JC Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
Supr.lv of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of
EASTER.

PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
Stations.

DENNETT'S MODEL

I > WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY. 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases. 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's PocketChronometer.Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 22., 3/., and 42. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

Printed by Thomas Clabk Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by George Belt,, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, April 8. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" Wnen found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 233.]

Satueday, April 15. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, £d.

CONTENTS.

SSTotes: — Page

Palindrome Verses - 343

Children crving at their Birth - - 343

Unpublished Letter of Lord Nelson, by

E. G. Bass - - - - 314

Polk Lour. :_ Devonshire Superstitions
_ Quacks — Burning a Tooth with

Salt 314

Parallel Passages, by H. L. Temple,

Cuthbert Bede, &c. - - - 345

Minor Notes : — Vallancey's Green
Book— Herrings _ Byrou and Roche-
foucauld — "Abscond" — Garlands,
Broadsheets, &e. — Life-belts _ Tur-
key and Russia— "Verbatim et lite-
ratim" ----- 347

Queries : —

Prints of London before the Great Fire 318

Battle of Otterburn, by J. S. Warden - 348

Do Beauvoir Pedigree, by T. R. Potter - 349

Minor Queries : — Dog-whippers :
Frankincense — Achievement in
Yorkshire : Lipyeatt Family—" Wae-
start" — Rebellion of 1715 — "Athe-
nian Sport" — Gutta Percha made

. soluble — Arms of Anthony Kitchen

Griesbach Arms — Postage System

of the Romans — Three Crowns and
Sugar-loaf — Helen MacGregor —
Francis Grose the Antiquary — " King
of Kings : " Bishop Andrews' Ser-
mons — Scroope Family — Harrison
the Regicide: Lowle —"Chair" or
"Cbar" — Aches — Leeming Hall —

•Caricature ; a Canterbury Tale — Per-
petual Curates not represented in
Convocation — Dr. Whichcote and
Dorothy Jordan — Moral Philosophy

— Shelley's " Prometheus Unbound "

Turkish Language - - - 349

'Minor Queries with Answers : —
Illustrated Bible of 1527 — Heraldic
Query — Richard de Sancto Victorie

— St. Blase - - - - 352

Leicester as Ranger of Snowdon • - 353

Inman Family, by T. Hughes - - 353

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, by

Dr. E. F. Rimbault - - - 354

Hardman's Account of Waterloo - 355

Churches in " Domesday Book," by

Wm. Dobson - 355
Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H.

Lammin ----- 356

Celtic and Latin Languages - - 356

Photographic Correspondence : Box

Sawdust for Collodion _ Proportions
of Chloridca and Silver — Photo-
graphic Copies of Rembrandt — Co-
loured Photographs - 358

Replies to Minor Queries : — Dr.
Eleazar Duncon— Christian Names-
Abigail —" Begging the question"

Russian Emperors— Garble— Electric
Telegraph— Butler's "Lives of the
Saints" — Anticipatory Use of the
Cross — The Marquis of Granby , &c. - 359

Miscellaneous : —

Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 362
Notices to Correspondents - - 362

Vol. IX. — No. 233.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

"YTOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720. plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species, British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them. &c illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD.
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules! can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should aud it to his library." — Sitti-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

Just published, 18mo., Is.

QERMONS FOR WAY-

O FARERS. Dedicated by permission to
the Lord Bishop of Ripon, with a prefatory
Epistle to the Rev. Dr. Hook. By the REV.
A. GATTY.
London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

A RCHiEOLOGY OF THE

J\. STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC
RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.

For the Series of Papers illustrating the
above, see Vols. I. II. and III. of the "Irish
Quarterly Review." Price, bound, Us. each.

London: SIMPKIN & CO.
Dublin : W. B. KELLY.

CATALOGUE OF VERY

V^ RARE BOOKS. -EMANUEL MAI,
Bookseller of Berlin, has just published a
Catalogue of PRECIOUS MANUSCRIPTS,
INCUNABULA, and very rare Books on
Theology, Philosophy, Antiquities, Philology,
Education, the Fine Arts, Bibliography, Nu-
mismatics, E ngravings, and General Literature.
The Catalogue contains 17.708 Numbers, or
80,000 Volumes, and is systematically arranged
with Bibliographical Notices. The Catalogue
will be forwarded. Post paid, to those who will
forward 2s. in Postage Stamps to MR. FRANZ
THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, 3. Brook Street,
New Bond Street, London.

Post Free.

THE CATTLE UPON A
THOUSAND HILLS. AListof GREAT
OLD ENGLISH BOOKS for Sale, by
JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand.

PHEAP BOOKS. — C. HILL'S

\J CATALOGUE, No. 13., just published,
including a long Article on NAPOLEON.
Sent Free on Application.

14. KING STREET, HOLBORN.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
No. CLXXXVUX, is published THIS
DAY.

Contents :
I. LAURENCE STERNE.
II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.

III. LORD HOLLAND'S MEMOIRS OF

THE WHIG PARTY.

IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.

V. THE CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.
VI. WAAGEN'S TREASURES OF ART

IN BRITAIN.
VII. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.
Tin. THE NEW REFORM BILL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

EETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
I (New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

Price One Shilling,

THE NATIONAL MISCEL-
LANY FOR APRIL contains :

1. The New Civil Service Scheme.

2. The Flaw in the Column.

3. The Labour Parliament.

4. An Avalanche on the Great St. Bernard.

5. Mediaeval London.

6. Saturday Night.

7. The Weekly Periodicals.

8. Sea Life and Sea Literature.

9. Notices.
10. Poetry.

At the OFFICE, No. I. Exeter Street, Strand,
London.

Forwarded Free on receipt of 30 Postage
Stamps.

ARCHITECTURAL BO-
TANY i setting forth the Geometrical
Distribution of Foliage, Flowers, Fruit, &c.,
with 20 Original Designs for decorating Cor-
nices, Spandrils, Crosses, Corbels, Capitals,
Bosses, Panels. &c. By W. P. GRIFFITH,
F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.

*** Part IT. nearly ready.
London : 9. St. John's Square.

On April 30th will be published, in fcp. 8vo.,
boards, price Is. 6d.

ADVENTURES OF A BASH-
FUL IRISHMAN. By W. F. DEA-
CON, Author of " Annette," " Vincent Eden,"
&c.

*** The lute Judge Talfourd, in his Me-
moir of Mr. Deacon, calls this humorous Talo
" A pleasant history of an Irish Gil Bias, con-
taining satirical notices of prominent Irish
Patriots, and a description of an Irish Trial,
in which there is a vivid and extremely amus-
ing caricature of O'Connell."

London : DAVID BRYCE, 48. Paternoster
Row.

342

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

ARCHiEOIOGICAI WORKS

JOHN YONGE AKEMAN,

FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LON-
DON.

AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL

INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
Romano- British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods.
1 vol. 8vo., price I5s. cloth, illustrated by nu-
merous Engravings, comprising upwards of
five hundred objects.

A NUMISMATIC MANUAL.

1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.

*** The Plates -which illustrate this Vo-
lume are upon a novel plan, and will, at a
glance, convey more information regarding
the types of Greek, Roman, and English Coins,
than can be obtained by many hours' careful
reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving
being given of that which is already an enigma
to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic
features of the Coin are dissected and placed by
themselves, so that the eye soon becomes fa-
miliar with them.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATA-

LOGTJE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins,
from the Earliest Period to the taking of Rome
under Constsntine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo.,
numerous Plates, 30s.

COINS OF THE ROMANS

relating to Britain. lvol. Svo. Second Edition,
with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. Gd.

ANCIENT COINS of CITIES

and Princes, Geographically arranged and de-
scribed, containing the Coins of Hispania,
Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of several
hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s.

NEW TESTAMENT, Numis-

matic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions
of the. — Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from
the original Coins in various Public and Pri-
vate Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. Gd.

AN INTRODUCTION TO

THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN
COINS. In 1 vol. fcp. Svo., with numerous
Wood Engravings from the original Coins,
price 6s. Gd. cloth.

Contents : — Section 1 . Origin of Coinage-
Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3.
Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman
Coinage— Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial
Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient
British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage.
9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10.
Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12.
Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money
in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representa-
tives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and
Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of English
Coins realised at Public Sales.

TRADESMEN'S TOKENS,

struck in London and its Vicinity, from the
year 1648 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the
Originals in the Collection of the British Mu-
seum, &c. 15s.

REMAINS OF PAGAN

SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in
England. Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at
2s. Gd. With coloured Plates.

A GLOSSARY OF PROVIN-
CIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in
Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s.

THE NUMISMATIC CHRO-
NICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. Gd.
each Number.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

TOPOGRAPHER & GENEALOGIST,

EDITED BY

JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.SA.

The XHIth Part of this Work is now published,
price 3s. 6d., containing:

Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefleld,
in the Parish of Cudham, Kent, by G. Stein-
man Steinman, Esq., F.S.A.

Petition to Parliament from the Borough of
Wotton Basset, in the reign of Charles I., rela-
tive to the right of the Burgesses to Free Com-
mon of Pasture in Fasterne Great Park.

Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS.
Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy King
of Arms.

Was William of Wykeham of the Family of
Swalcliffe ? By Charles Wykeham Martin,
Esq.,M.P..F.S.A.

Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to
the Irish Exchequer, relative to the Chattel
Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other fugi-
tives from Ulster in the year 1616, communi-
cated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Ex-
chequer Record Office, Dublin.

Indenture enumerating various Lands in
Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (.1489).

Two Volumes of this Work are now com-
pleted, which are published in cloth boards,
price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price
3s. 6d. each. Among its more important ar-
ticles are —

Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with In-
troductory Observations on the Ancient
Earldoms of England, by the Editor.
On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of
Cheshire, with the Ardens of Warwickshire.
By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A.
Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family
of Norres, written by Sir William Norres, of
Speke, co. Lane, in 1563 ; followed by an ab-
stract of charters, &c.
The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey,
Esq.. of Winchelsea. &c, M.P., the father of
Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in 1655.
Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to

1620, edited by B. W. Greenfield, Esq.
The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her

death in 1620.
Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods.
Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne,
Arundell of Aynho, Babington, Barry, Bay-
ley, Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry,
Clarke, Clerke, • Clinton, Close, Dabridge-
court, Dakyns or Dakeynes, D'Oyly, Drew,
FitzAlan, Fitzherbert. Fianceis, Freming-
ham, Gjll, Hammond, Harlakenden, Hc-
neage, Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman,
Horde, Hustler, Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley,
Marche, Marston, Meynell, Norres, Peirse,
Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Policy, Pycheford,
Pitchford, Pole or De la Pole, Preston, Vis-
count Tarah, Thexton, Tregose. Turner of
Kirkleatham, Ufford, Walerand, Walton, and
Yate.
The Genealogies of more than ninety families
of Stockton-upon-Tees, by Wm. D'Oyly
Bayley, Esq., F.S.A.
Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges

and Caen. ,
Many original Charters, several Wills, and

Funeral Certificates.
Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors
of Crosthole. Landren, Landulph, Lightdur-
rant, Porpehan and Tynton. in Cornwall ;
Aylesbeareand Whytford, co. Devon; Ewerne
Courtenay, co. Dorset ; Mudford and Hinton,
West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset ;
Bolleston, co. Stafford ; and Corton, co.
Wilts.
Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp.

Henry VIII.
A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir

Thomas Chaloner, temp. James I.
A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, an-
cient Monuments, and Painted Glass existing
in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all
Names and Dates.
Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suf-
folk, throughout the hundreds of Babergh,
Blackbourn, Blything, Bosmere and Clay-
don, Carlford, (olnies, Cosford, Hartismere,
Hoxne, Town of Ipswich, Hundreds of Lack-
ford and Loes. BythelateD.E.Davy,Esq.,
of Ufford.
Published by J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25.
Parliament Street, Westminster ; where may
be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract
of the contents of these volumes, and also of
the "Collectama Topographica et Genealo-
gica," now complete in Eight Volumes.

WORKS

BT THE

REV. DR. MAITLANO.

THE DARK AGES ; being a

Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the
State of RELIGION and LITERATURE in
the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries. Re-
printed from the "British Magazine." with
Corrections, and some Additions ; uniformly
with the present Volume. Third Edition.
10s. 6d.

ESSAYS on Subjects connected

with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND.
Reprinted, with Additions, from the " British
Magazine." 13s.

ERUVIN ; or MISCELLA-
NEOUS ESSAYS on Suhjects connected with
the NATURE, HISTORY, and DESTINY
of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s.

EIGHT ESSAYS on various

Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. Gd.

A LETTER to the REV. DR.

MILL, containing some STRICTURES ore
MR. FABER'S recent Work, entitled "The
Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses." 8vo.
Is. Gd.

THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM.

New Edition. Small Svo. 5s. 6d.

NOTES on the CONTRIBU-
TIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND-
M. A.. Canon of Durham, to the New Edition
of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three
Parts : 1. On the Memoir of Fox, ascribed to
his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Histo-
rical Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. Gd.

REMARKS on the REV. S. R.

CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of
FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. Gd.

TWELVE LETTERS ON

FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Re-
printed from the " British Magazine." 8vo. 6s-

A REVIEW of FOX'S HIS-
TORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. Is. 6d.

A LETTER to the REV.

HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to
His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury i with
STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH
HISTORY. 8vo. \s.Gd.

A SECOND LETTER to the

REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE. B.D. ; con-
taining NOTES on MILKER'S HISTORY
of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CEN-
TURY. 8vo. 2s. Gd.

A LETTER to the REV. JOHN

KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church,
Hull ; occasioned by his PAMPHLET, en-
titled " Maitland not authorised to censure
Milner." Svo. 2s. Gd.

REMARKS on that Part of the

REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled
" Maitland not authorised to censure Milner,"
which relates to the WALDENSES, includ-
ing a Replv to the REV. G. S. FABER'S
SUPPLEMENT, entitled "Reinerius and
Maitland." 8vo. 2s. Gd.

An INDEX of such ENGLISH

BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are
now in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth.
8vo. 4s.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

343

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 1854.

PALINDROME VERSES.

Bceoticus inquires (Vol. vi., p. 209.) whence
comes the line —

" Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor."

In p. 352. of the same volume W. W. T. (quoting
from D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature a passage
which supplies the hexameter completing the dis-
tich, and attributes the verses to Sidonius Apol-
linaris) asks where may be found a legend which
represents the two lines to have formed part of a
dialogue between the fiend, under the form of a
mule, and a monk, who was his rider. B. H. C,
at p. 521. of the same volume, sends a passage
from the Dictionnaire Litteraire, giving the com-
plete distich :

" Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et angis.
Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor,"

and attributing it to the devil, but without sup-
plying any more authentic parentage for the lines.
The following Note will contribute a fact or two
to the investigation of the subject ; but I shall be
obliged to conclude by reiterating the original
Query of Bosoticus, Who was the real author of
the lines ?

In a little work entitled A Summer in Brittany,
published by me in 1S40, may be found (at p. 99.
of vol. i.) a legend, which relates how one Jean
Patye, canon of Cambremer, in the chapter of
Bayeux, rode the devil to Rome, for the purpose
of there chanting the epistle at the midnight mass
at Christmas, according to the tenor of an ancient
bond, which obliged the chapter to send one of
their number yearly to Rome for that purpose.
This story I met with in a little volume, entitled
Contes populaires, Prejuges, Patois, Proverbes de
V Arrondissement de Bayeux, recueillis et publies,
par F. Pluquet, the frontispiece of which consists
of a sufficiently graphic representation of the
worthy canon's feat. Pluquet concludes his nar-
rative by stating that —

" Etienne Tabourot dans ses Bigarrures, publics sous
le nom du Seigneur des Accords, rapporte que c'est a
Saint Antide que le diable, qui le portait a Rome sur
son dos, adresse le distique latin dont il est question
ci-dessus."

It should seem that this trick of carrying people
to Rome was attributed to the devil, by those con-
versant with his habits, in other centuries besides
the nineteenth.

I have not here the means of looking at the
work to which Pluquet refers ; but if any of your
correspondents, who live in more bookish lands
than this, will do so, they may perchance obtain

some clue to the original authorship of the lines ;
for in Sidonius Apollinaris I cannot find them.
The only edition of his works to which I have the
means of referring is the quarto of Adrien Perrier,
Paris, 1609. Among the verses contained in that
volume, I think I can assert that the lines in ques-
tion are not. We all know that the worthy author
of the Curiosities of Literature cannot be much
depended upon for accuracy.

Once again, then, Who was the author of this
specimen, perhaps the most perfect extant, of
palindromic absurdity ? T. A. T.

Florence.

CHILDREN CRYING AT THEIR BIRTH.

"When I was born, I drew in the common air, and
fell upon the earth, which is of like nature, and the first
voice which I uttered was crying, as all others do." —
Wisd. vii. 3.

" Turn porro Puer, ut sasvis projectus ab undis
Navita, nudus, humi jacet, Infans, indigus omni
Vitali auxilio ; cum primum in luminis oras
Nixibus ex alvo matris natura profudit :
Vagituque locum lugubri complet, ut a?quum est,
Cui tantum in vita restet transire malorum."

Lucret. De Rer. Nat., v. 223.

For the benefit of the lady-readers of " N. &
Q." I subjoin a translation of these beautiful lines
of Lucretius :

" The infant, as soon as Nature with great pangs of
travail hath sent it forth from the womb of its mother
into the regions of light, lies, like a sailor cast out
from the waves, naked upon the earth in utter want and
helplessness ; and fills every place around with mournful
wailings and piteous lamentation, as is natural for one
who has so many ills of life in store for him, so many
evils which he must pass through and suffer."

" Thou must be patient : we came crying hither ;
Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air,
We wawle and cry —

When we are born, we cry that we are come
To this great stage of fools." — Shakspeare's Lear.

" Who remindeth me of the sins of my infancy ?'
' For in Thy sight none is pure from sin, not even the
infant whose life is but a day upon the earth.' (Job
xxv. 4.) Who remindeth me? Doth not each little
infant, in whom I see what of myself I remember not?
What then was my sin ? Was it that I hung upon the
breast and cried?" — St. Austin, Confess., lib. i. 7.

" For man's sake it should seeme that Nature made
and produced all other creatures besides ; though this
great favour of hers, so bountifull and beneficiall in
that respect, hath cost them full deere. Insomuch as
it is hard to judge, whether in so doing she hath done
the part of a kind mother, or a hard and cruell step-
dame. For first and foremost, of all other living crea-
tures, man she hath brought forth all naked, and
cloathed him with the good and riches of others. To
all the rest she bath given sufficient to clad them everie

344

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

one according to their kind ; as namely shells, cods,
hard hides, prickes, shagge, bristles, haire, downe,
feathers, quils, skailes, and fleeces of wool. The verie
trunkes and stemmes of trees and plants, shee hath de-
fended with bark and rind, yea, and the same sometime
double against the injuries both of heat and cold :
man alone, poore wretch, she hath laid all naked upon
the bare earth, even on his birth-day, to cry and wraide
presently from the very first houre that he is borne into
this world : in suche sort as, among so many living crea-
tures, there is none subject to shed teares and weepe like
him. And verily to no babe or infant is it given once to
laugh before he be fortie daies old, and that is counted
verie early and with the soonest. . . . The child
of man thus untowardly borne, and who another day is
to rule and command all other, loe how he lyeth bound
hand and foot, weeping and crying, and beginning his
life with miserie, as if he were to make amends and
satisfaction by his punishment unto Nature, for this
onely fault and trespass, that he is borne alive." —
Plinie's Natural Historie, by Phil. Holland, Lond.
1601, fol., intr. to b.vii.

The following queries are extracted from Sir
Thomas Browne's " Common-place Books," Ari-
stotle, Lib. A nimal. :

" Whetlier till after forty days children, though they
cry, weep not; or, as Scaliger expresseth it, • Vagiunt
sed oculis siccis.'

" Whether they laugh not upon tickling?

" Why, though some children have been heard to
cry in the womb, yet so few cry at their birth, though
their heads be out of the womb ? " — Bonn's ed. iii.
358.

Thompson follows Pliny, and says that man is
" taught alone to weep " (" Spring," 350.) ; but —
not to speak of the

" Cruel crafty crocodile,
Which, in false grief hiding his harmful guile,
Doth weep full sore and sheddeth tender tears,"

as Spenser sings — the camel weeps when over-
loaded, and the deer when chased sobs piteously.
Thompson himself, in a passage he has stolen from
Shakspeare, makes the stag weep :

" he stands at bay ;

The big round tears run down his dappled facej
He groans in anguish." — Autumn, 452.

" Steller relates this of the Phoca Ursina, Pallas of
the camel, and Humboldt of a small American
monkey." — Laurence On Man, Lond. 1844, p. 161.

Risibility, and a sense of the ridiculous, is ge-
nerally considered to be the property of man,
though Le Cat states that he has seen a chim-
panzee laugh.

The notion with regard to a child crying at
baptism has been already touched on in these
pages, Vol. vi., p. 601. ; Vol. vii., p. 96.

Grose (quoted in Brand) tells us there is a su-
perstition that a child who does not cry when

sprinkled in baptism will not live ; and the same
is recorded in Hone's Year-Booh. Eirionnach.

UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF LORD NELSON.

The following letter of Lord Nelson may, es-
pecially at the present moment, interest and
amuse some of the readers of " N. & Q." The
original is in my possession, and was given me by
the late Miss Churchey of Brecon, daughter of the
gentleman to whom it was addressed. Can any
of your readers inform me where the " old lines "
quoted by the great hero are to be found ?

E.G.Bass.
Ryde, Isle of Wight.

Merton, Oct. 20, 1 802.
Sir,
Your idea is most just and proper, that a pro-
vision should be made for midshipmen who have
served a certain time with good characters, and
certainly twenty pounds is a very small allowance ;
but how will your surprise be increased, when I
tell you that their full pay, when watching, fight-
ing, and bleeding for their country at sea, is not
equal to that sum. An admiral's half-pay is
scarcely equal, including the run of a kitchen, to
that of a French cook ; a captain's but little
better than a valet's ; and a lieutenant's certainly
not equal to a London footman's ; a midshipman's
nothing. But as I am a seaman, and faring with
them, I can say nothing. I will only apply some
very old lines wrote at the end of some former
war:

," Our God and sailor we adore,
In time of danger, not before ;
The danger past, both are alike requited,
God is forgotten, and the sailor slighted."

Your feelings do you great honour, and I only
wish all others in the kingdom were the same.
However, if ever I should be placed in a situation
to be useful to such a deserving set of young men
as our mids, nothing shall be left undone which
may be in the power of,
Dear Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

Nelson and Bronte.
Walton Churchey, Esq.,
Brecon, S. Wales.

FOLK LORE.

Devonshire Superstitions. — Seeing that you
sometimes insert extracts from newspapers, I for-
ward you a copy of a paragraph which appeared
in The Times of March 7, 1854, and which is
worth a corner in your folk-lore columns :

" The following gross case of superstition, which oc-
curred as late as Sunday se'nnight, in one of the largest

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

345

market towns in the north of Devon, is related by an
eye-witness : — A young woman, living in the neigh-
bourhood of Holsworthy, having for some time past
been subject to periodical fits of illness, endeavoured to
effect a cure by attendance at the afternoon service at
the parish church, accompanied by thirty young men,
her near neighbours. Service over, she sat in the
porch of the church, and each of the young men, as
they passed out in succession, dropped a penny into
her lap ; but the last, instead of a penny, gave her half-
a-crown, taking from her the twenty-nine pennies which
she had already received. With this half-crown in her
band, she walked three times round the communion-
table, and afterwards had it made into a ring, by the
wearing of which she believes she will recover her
health."

Haughmond St. Clair.

Quacks. — In the neighbourhood of Sevenoaks,
Kent, a little girl was bitten by a mad dog lately.
Instead of sending for the doctor, her father posted
off to an old woman famous for her treatment of
hydrophobia. The old woman sent a quart bottle
of some dark liquid, which the patient is to take
twice or thrice daily : and for this the father,
though but a poor labourer, had to pay one pound.
The liquid is said by the "country sort" to be
infallible. It is made of herbs plucked by the
old woman, and mixed with milk. Its preparation
is of course a grand secret. As yet, the child
keeps well.

Near Whitechapel, London, is another old
woman, equally famous ; but her peculiar talent
is not for hydrophobia, but for scalds. Whenever
any of the Germans employed in the numerous
sugar-refineries in that neighbourhood scald them-
selves, they beg, instead of being sent to the hos-
pital, to be taken to the old woman. For a few
sovereigns, she will take them in, nurse, and cure
them; and I was informed by a proprietor of a
large sugar-house there, that often in a week she
will heal a scald as thoroughly as the hospital will
in a month, and send the men back hearty and fit
for work to boot. She uses a good deal of linseed-
oil, I am told ; but her great secret, they say, is,
that she gives the whole of her time and attention
to the patient. P. M. M.

Temple.

Burning a Tooth with Salt. — Can any one tell
us whence originates the custom, very scrupu-
lously observed by many amongst the common
people, when a tooth has been taken out, of burn-
ing it — generally with salt ? Two Sorgeons.

Half Moon Street.

PARALLEL PASSAGES.

" The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
Is left this vault to brag of."

Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 8.
" These spells are spent, and, spent with these,
The wine of life is on the lees."

Marmion, introd. to canto i.

" The old and true saying, that a man is generally
more inclined to feel kindly towards one on whom he
has conferred favours than towards one from whom he
has received them." — Macaulay, Essay on Bacon, p. 367.
(1-vol. edit.) — Query, whose saying ?

" On s'attache par les services qu'on rend, bien plus
qu'on n'est attache par les services qu'on recoit. C'est
qu'il y a, dans le cceur de l'homme, bien plus d'orgueil
que de reconnaissance." — Alex. Dumas, La Comtesse
de Charny, n. ch. iii.

" But earthlier happy is the rose distilled
Than that, which, withering on thrvirgin thorn,
Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."

Midsum, Night's Dream, Act I. Sc. 1.

" Maria. Responde tu mihi vicissim : — utrum spec-
taculum amoenius : rosa nitens et lactea in suo frutice,
an decerpta digitis ac paulatim marcescens ?

" Pamphilus. Ego rosam existimo feliciorem qua?
marcescit in hominis manu, delectans interim et oculos
et nares, quam qua? senescit in frutice." — Erasmus,
Procus et Puella.

" And spires whose silent finger points to heaven." (?)

" And the white spire that points a world of rest."
Mrs. Sigourney, Connecticut River.

" She walks the waters like a thing of life." — Byron.

" The master bold,
The high-soul'd and the brave,
"Who ruled her like a thing of life
Amid the crested wave."

Mrs. Sigourney, Bell of the Wreck.

" Thy heroes, tho' the general doom
Have swept the column from the tomb,
A mightier monument command, —
The mountains of their native land !" — Byron.

" Your mountains build their monument,
Tho' ye destroy their dust."

Mrs. Sigourney, Indian Names.

" Else had I heard the steps, tho' low
And light they fell, as when earth receives,
In morn of frost, the wither'd leaves
That drop when no winds blow."

Scott, Triermain, i. 5.

" Dropp'd, like shed blossoms, silent to the grass.';

Hood, Mids. Fairies, viii.

" There is sweet music here that softer falls
Than petals from blown roses on the grass."

Tennyson, Lotos-eaters.

346

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

" Two such I saw, what time the labour'd ox
In his loose traces from the furrow came."

Milton, Comus.
" While labouring oxen, spent with toil and heat,
In their loose traces from the field retreat."

Pope, Pastoral, iii.

" It is the curse of kings, to be attended
By slaves that take their humours for a warrant
To break into the bloody house of life,
And, on the winking of authority,
To understand a law : to know the meaning
Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns
More upon humour than advised respect."

King John, Act IV. Sc. 2.
" O curse of kings !
Infusing a dread life into their words,
And linking to the sudden transient thought
The unchangeable, irrevocable deed !"

Coleridge, Death of WaUenstein, v. 9.

" Conscience !......

Your lank-jawed, hungry judge will dine upon 't,
And hang the guiltless rather than eat his mutton
cold." C. Cibber, Richard III.

" The hungry judges soon the sentence sign,
And wretches hang that jurymen may dine."

Pope, Rape of the Lock, iii. 21.

Harry Leroy Temple.

" Death and his brother Sleep." Quoted (from
Shelley) with parallel passages from Sir T. Browne,
Coleridge, and Byron in "N.&Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435.
Add to them the following :

" Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night,
Brother to Death, in silent darkness born."
Samuel Daniel, Spenser's successor as " volun-
tary Laureate."

" Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes,
Brother to Death." Fletcher, Valentinian.

" The death of each day's life."

Shakspeare, Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 2.

" Teach me to live, that I may dread
The grave as little as my bed."

Bishop Ken.
" We thought her sleeping when she died ;
And dying, when she slept." — Hood.

" Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago
Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori ;
Alma quies, optata, reni, nam sic sine vita
Vivere quam suave est ; sic sine morte mori."

T. Warton.
\Finely translated by Wolcot.~\
" Come, gentle sleep ! attend thy vot'ry's pray'r,
And, though Death's image, to my couch repair ;
How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie,
And, without dying, oh, how sweet to die !"
" While sleep the weary world reliev'd,
By counterfeiting death revived."

Butler, Hudibras.

" Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit,
And look on death itself!"

Shakspeare, Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.

" Nature, alas ! why art thou so
Obliged unto thy greatest foe ?
Sleep that is thy best repast,
Yet of death it bears a taste,
And both are the same things at last."

Dennis, Sophonisba.
" Great Nature's second course,
Chief nourisher in life's feast."

Shakspeare, Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 2.

Cdthbert Bede, B.A.

"Nothing doth countervail a faithful friend." —
Ecclesias. vi. 15.

" Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico."

Hor. Sat. v. 44.
" If thou wouldst get a friend, prove him first, and
be not hasty to credit him." — Ecclesias. v. 7.

" Diu cogita, an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus
sit : cum placuerit fieri, toto ilium pectore admitte : tam
audacter cum illo loquere, quam tecum." — Seneca,
Epist. iii.

" Quid dulcius, quam habere amicum quicum omnia
audeas sic loquere quam tecum." — Cic, de Amic. 6.

" The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,
Grapple them to thy heart with hoops of steel."

* But do not dull thy palm with entertainment
Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade."

Shakspeare, Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3.
" Bring not every man into thy house." — Ec-
clesias. vi. 7.

" A man's attire, and excessive laughter, and gait,
show what he is." — Ecclesias. xix. 30.

The apparel oft proclaims the man."
Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3.

" Unus PellaBO juveni non sufficit orbis :
iEstuat infelix angusto limite mundi,
Ut Gyarae clausus scopulis, parvaque Seripho."

Juv. x. 168.

■ Hamlet. What have you, my good friends, deserved
at the hands of fortune, that she sends you to prison
here?

Guildenstern. Prison, my lord !

Ham. Denmark 's a prison.

Rosencrantz. Then is the world one.

Ham. A goodly one, in which there are many con-
fines, wards, and dungeons ; Denmark being one of the
worst.

Ros. We think not so, my lord.

Ham. Why, then, 'tis none to you ; for there is
nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so:
to me it is a prison.

Ros. Why, then, your ambition makes it one ; 'tis
too narrow for your mind." — Shakspeare, Hamlet,
Act II. Sc. 2.

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

347

•' Ad hanc legem natus es ; hoc patri tuo accidit,
hoc matri, hoc majoribus, hoc omnibus ante te, hoc
omnibus post te, series invicta, et nulla mutabilis ope,
illigat ac trahit cuncta."

" King You must know, your father lost a

father ;
That father lost — lost his; ....

To reason most absurd, whose common theme
Is death of fathers, and who still hath cry'd,
From the first corse, 'till he that died to-day,
This must be so." Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.

" 'Airb 5e tow /*■}/ exovros," &c. — Ante, Vol. viii.,
p. 372.

" Besides this, nothing that he so plentifully gives
me." — Shakspeare, As You Like It, Act I. Sc. 1.

J. W. F.

Having observed several Notes in different
Numbers of your interesting publication, in which
sentences have been quoted from the works of
ancient and modern authors that are almost alike
in words, or contain the same ideas "clothed in
different language, I would only add, that those
of your readers or correspondents who take an in-
terest in such inquiries will find instances enough,
in a work which was published in Venice in 1624,
to fill several columns of " N. & Q." The volume
is entitled II Seminario de Governi di Stato, et di
Guerra. W. W.

Malta.

Minax Jfcrtctf.

Vallancey's Green Book. — Perhaps your readers
are not aware of the existence of the curious and
interesting volume mentioned in the following
cutting from Jones's last Catalogue (D'Olier St.
Dublin). It may therefore be worth making a
note of in your columns :

■" lOOS. Vallancey's Green Book, manuscript, folio.
%* Vallancey's Green Book, so named from being
bound in green vellum, was the volume
in which the celebrated Irish antiquary,

i General Charles Vallancey, entered the

titles of all the manuscripts and printed
works relative to Ireland which he had oc-
casion to consult in his antiquarian re-
searches. The copy now offered for sale is
believed to be the only one extant. Bound
in the same volume is a collection of the
titles of all the manuscripts relating to
Ireland, which are preserved in the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury's library, at Lambeth,
London."

T> TT

Trin. Coll., Dublin.

Herrings. — "The lovers of fish" may be glad
to learn what a bloater is, a mystery which I en-

deavoured to unravel when lately on the Norfolk
coast. A bloater, I was informed, is a large,
plump herring (as we say a bloated toad) ; and
the genuine claimants of the title fall by their
own weight from the meshes of the net.

The origin of the simile — "As dead as a her-
ring"— may not be generally known. This fish
dies immediately upon its removal from the native
element (strange to say) from want of air ; for
swimming near the surface it requires much, and
the gills, when dry, cannot perform their function.

C. T.

Byron and Rochefoucauld. — The following al-
most word-for-word renderings of two of Roche-
foucauld's Reflexions occur in the third and fourth
stanzas of the third canto of Byron's Don Juan.
I am not aware that any notice has been taken of
them beyond a note appended to the first passage,
in Moore's edition of Byron's Works, attributing
the mot to Montaigne :

" Yet there are some, they say, who have had none,
But those who have ne'er end with only one."

Byron.

" On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu
de galanterie ; mais il est rare d'en trouver qui n'en
aient jamais eu qu'une." — Rochefoucauld's Maximes et
Reflexions Morales.

" In her first passion, woman loves her lover,
In all the others all she loves is love."

Byron.
" Dans les premieres passions les femmes aiment
l'amant ; dans les autres elles aiment l'amour." •—
Rochefoucauld's Maximes et Reflexions Morales.

Sigma.

Customs, London.

'■'■Abscond." — This is a word which appears to
have lost its primary meaning of concealment,
apart from that of escape. Horace Walpole, how-
ever, uses it in the former sense :

" Virette absconds, and lias sent M. de Pecquigny
word that he shall abscond till he can find a proper op-
portunity of fighting him."

Chevereixs.

Garlands, Broadsheets, 8fc. — Will you allow me
to suggest to your correspondents, that it would
be very desirable, for literary and antiquarian
purposes, to form as complete a list as possible of
public and private collections of garlands, broad-
sheets, chap-books, ballads, tracts, &c. ; and to
ask them to forward to " N. & Q." the names of
any such public or private collections as they may
be acquainted with. I need not say anything of
the importance and value of the ballads, &c, con-
tained in such collections, to the historical student
and the archaeologist, for their value is too well
known to require it ; but I would earnestly urge
the formation of such a list as the one I now

348

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

suggest, winch -will greatly facilitate literary re-
searches. J-

Life-belts. — Suppose that each person on board
the Tayleur had been supplied with a life-belt, how
many hundreds of lives would have been saved ?
And when it is considered that such belts can be
made for less than half-a-crown each, what reason
can there be that government should not require
them to be carried, at least in emigrant vessels, if
passengers are so ignorant and stupid as not
-voluntarily to provide them for themselves ?

Thinks I to Myself.

Turkey and Russia — The Eastern Question
(Vol. ix., p. 244.). — The past history of these
rival states presents more than one parallel pas-
sage like the following, extracted from Watkins's
Travels through Switzerland, Italy, the Greek
Islands, to Constantinople, SfC. (2nd edit., two vols.
8vo. 1794) :

" The Turks have been, and indeed deserve to be,
praised for the manner in which they declared war
against the Russians. They sent by Mr. Bulgakoff,
her Imperial Majesty's minister ut the Porte, to
demand the restitution of the Crimea, which had been

extorted from them by the merciless despot of R a,

(sic) when too much distressed by a rebellion in
E^ypt to protect it. On his return without an answer
they put him in the Seven Towers, and commenced
hostilities. They hate the Russians ; and to show it
the more, frequently call a Frank Moscoff. To the
English they are more partial than to any other
Christian nation, from a tradition that Mahomet was
prevented by death from converting our ancestors to
.his faith."— Vol. ii. pp. 276-7.

J. Macray.

Oxford.

"Verbatim et literatim.'''' — As this phrase often
finds insertion, even in the pages of " N. & Q.," it
may be well to call attention to the fact that there
is no such adverb as literatim in the Latin lan-
guage. There is the adverb literate, which means
after the manner of a literate man, learnedly ; but
to express the idea intended by the coined word
literatim, I think we must use the form ad literam —
" Verbatim et ad literam" L. H. J. Tonna.

4&uzviz3.

PRINTS OF LONDON BEFORE THE GREAT FIRE.

In addition to the Tower, there was in Crom-
well's time the fortification of Baynard's Castle, near
Blackfriars, and the city gates were also fortifica-
tions on a small scale ; they were rebuilt (St.
John's, Clerkenwell, excepted, which was spared)
after the Great Fire, and were taken down some-
where about 1760. Can any of your readers tell
me whether there is any series of prints extant of

the most remarkable buildings which were de-
stroyed by the fire ? There are some few maps,
and a print or two interspersed here and there, in
the British Museum ; but is there any regular
series of plates ? We know that Inigo Jones
built a Grecian portico on to the east end of the
Gothic cathedral of old St. Paul's, surmounted with
statues of Charles I., &c. ; that the Puritans de-
stroyed a beautiful conduit at the top of Cheap-
side ; that Sir Thomas Gresham's Exchange was-
standing. But among the many city halls burnt
down, were there any fine specimens of architec-
ture, any churches worthy of note ? And as
Guildhall was not entirely consumed, what parts
of the present edifice belong to the olden time ?

You are doubtless aware that the fire did not
extend to St. Giles's Cripplegate, and that at the-
back of the church are remains of the old city
walls. Ardelio.

BATTLE OF OTTERBTJRN.

On what authority does Mr. Tytler (History
of Scotland, vol. iii. pp. 45 — 53.), in his other-
wise very fair account of this celebrated battle,
assert that the Earl of Douglas was a younger
man than Hotspur ? I have no doubt that he
found it so recorded somewhere, and willingly
believed that his countrymen had prevailed,
not only over superior numbers of the enemy,
but also over greater experience on the part
of the hostile general ; but a little more inves-
tigation would have shown him that the differ-
ence of age lay the other way. Henry Percy, by
his own account (in the Scrope and Grosvenor
Controversy), was born in 1366, and was therefore
twenty-two when the battle was fought. I do not
know that there is any direct evidence to Dou-
glas's age, but the following considerations appear
to me decisive as to his being much older than his
rival.

1. Froissart's visit to Scotland was undoubtedly
prior to 1366 (although the exact date is not
given), and during his stay of fifteen days at
Dalkeith, he saw much of the youthful heir of that
castle, the future hero of Otterburn, and describes
him as a "promising youth."

2. Hotspur, in his deposition above mentioned,
says that he first bore arms at the siege of Ber-
wick in 1378 ; but his antagonist must have com-
menced his military career long before, as Froissart
mentions him as knighted on the occasion of the
battle fought a few days after the surrender of
that place, between Sir Archibald Douglas and
Sir Thomas Musgrave ; none but kings' sons were
knighted in childhood in those days, or without
undergoing a long previous probation in the in-
ferior grades of chivalry.

3. An early and constant family (if not general)
tradition asserts that Douglas had a natural son

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

349

(ancestor of the Cavers family), old enough to
bear his father's banner in the battle ; on this,
however, I lay little stress, as Froissart distinctly
assigns that honourable post to another person,
David Campbell, who was slain by the side of his
lord.

Mr. Tytler is also evidently wrong in placing, on
the authority of Macpherson's Notes on Winton,
this battle on the 5th of August, 1388. Froissart
gives the date as the 19th of August, and as the
moon was full on the 18th, the combatants would
have bright moonlight all night, which agrees with
all the narratives ; on the 5th they would have
little moonlight, and would have lost it soon.

Though not very germane to the matter, ex-
cept as being a point of chronology, I may add
here that the remarkable solar eclipse, long re-
membered in Scotland by the name of the " Dark
Hour," did not occur, as stated by Mr. Tytler,
on 17th June, 1432, but on the same month and
day of the following year. J. S. Warden.

DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.

I have in my possession a curious ancient pedi-
gree of De Beauvoir and Harryes, headed thus :

" The name De Beauvoir is from in the king-
dom of England ; came into England with ye Con-
quest of the Norman Duke, from whom is descended
all that are now in England, they bearing for their
coate armour the first, Azure, a chevron or, between
three cinquefeuilles argent, by the name of De Beau-
voir. The second he beareth the guelles a chevron
between three hayeres heads erased, by the name of
Harreys. The third (or) a lyon rampant azure, by
the name of Throlpe. The fourth, Argent, a fess be-
tween three cressentes azure, by the name of ... .
within a mantle doubled guelles on two helmetes and
torseyes proper and the first a demy-dragon, adorned
properly guelles and argent, vert, by the foresaid name
De Beauvoir; on the second a harye sitting argent
between two bushes vert."

The pedigree begins with " Sir Robert Beau-
voir, Lord Beauvoir, Lord Baron of Beaver
Castle, Knt. ; " and the maternal line with " Sir
Robert Harryes of Maiden in Essex, Knt., came
into England with the Saxons."

In the tenth descent the sole heiress is repre-
sented as marrying "Robert, Lord Bellmoint,"
■whose sole daughter married " John, Lord Man-
ners/father of Edmund Manners, first Earl of
Rutland, from whom is descended Roger, Earl of
Rutland, now living."

The pedigree ends with the nineteenth de-
scendant, Henry de Beauvoir, of the Isle of
Guernsey, who married the daughter of Peter
Harreys of the Isle of Guernsey.

Can any reader of " N. & Q." inform me whe-
ther descendants of that marriage are still to be
found, and where ?

There are points in the pedigree, as genealogists
will see, totally discrepant from the Peerages.

Thomas Russell Pottee.
Wymeswold.

Elinor UlucxicsS.

Dog-whippers : Frankincense. — Can any reader
throw light upon the following entries in the
churchwardens' account-book for the parish of
Forest Hill, near Oxford ?

"1694. Pa to Tho. Mills for whipping dogs out of
church, 1 shilling.

" 1702. Pd for frankincense for the church, 6 pence."

The only passage which occurs to me as at all
bearing upon so late a use of incense in parish
churches in this country, is the following extract
from Herbert :

" The country parson hath a care that his church be
swept and kept clean ; and at great festivals, strewed
and stuck with boughs, and perfumed with incense."

This hardly brings the custom later than 1630.

As regards the former entry, I am told by a
friend that the office of dog-whipper existed about
fifty years ago for the church of Heversham in
Westmoreland. C. F. W.

Achievement in Yorksliire — Lipyeatt Family.—
Found and noted in a Yorkshire church tower, an
atchievement painted apparently about forty or
fifty years ago, of which no account can be given
by the sexton or parish clerk. Query, to what
names do the bearings belong ? viz. Vert, on a
fess or, between three bezants, three lions passant
azure. Impaling : Vert, three swans in tri, sta-
tant, wings erect, argent. Crest, a lion passant
azure, langued gules. The swans have head, neck,
and body like swans, but their legs appear to have
been borrowed from the stork. It is suspected
that the dexter coat belongs to one of the Wilt-
shire Lipyeatts.

Is there any pedigree of the Lipyeatt family,
who were burghers of wealth and consideration
in the town of Marlborough, from the middle of
the seventeenth century down to the latter part of
the eighteenth ? Patonce.

" Waestart" — A common expression of sorrow
or condolence among the lower classes in the
manufacturing district around Leeds, in York-
shire. Whence does it arise ? Is it an abbrevi-
ation of " Woe to my heart," " Woe is me " ?

J. L. S., Sen.

Rebellion of 1715. — Has any report been pub-
lished of the trial of the prisoners taken at Pres-
ton ? Mr. Baron Bury, Mr. Justice Eyre, and
Mr. Baron Montague opened the Commission at
Liverpool. The trials began on January 20, 1716,
and lasted till February 8. Thomas Baker.

350

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

"Athenian Sport." — Who was the writer of
Athenian Sport, or Two Thousand Paradoxes,
merely argued to amuse and divert the Age, by a
Member of the Athenian Society, London, 1707 ? *
It would almost appear to have been a burlesque
upon the Athenian Oracle. Henry T. Riley.

Gutta Percha made soluble. — Can any one
inform me how gutta percha may be made so so-
luble, that a coating of it may be given any article,
which shall dry as hard as its former state? I
have tried melting it in a ladle, but it never har-
dened properly. E. B.

Leeds.

Arms of Anthony Kitchen. — Can any of your
correspondents inform me what were the arms of
Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff in 1545 ?
And what relation, if any, of Robert Kitchen, who
was Mayor of Bristol in 1588 ? The latter was of
Kendal in Westmoreland. D. F. T.

Griesbach Arms. — Could any correspondent
versed in German heraldry tell me the arms of
the German family of Griesbach, or refer me to
any work containing a collection of German
arms ? Cid.

Postage System of the Romans. — Could any of
your correspondents inform me where I may find
a perfect account of the postal system of the
Romans? We know that they must have had
such a system, but I have forgotten the author
who gives any description of it. Ardelio.

Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf — Passing through
Tranche (a village near Kidderminster in Wor-
cestershire) the other day, I saw an inn called
" The Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf." As there
seems to me not the least connexion between a
crown and a sugar-loaf, I send this to " N. & Q."
in hopes of an explanation from some of its
readers more skilled than myself in such matters.

Cid.

Helen MacGregor. — In Burke's Landed Gentry
(Supplement, art. " MacGregor of Craigrostan
and Inversnaid") this redoubted heroine is de-
scribed as " a woman of agreeable temper and
domestic habits, active and careful in the manage-
ment of her family affairs." This is so directly
opposed, not only to Scott's description, but to
the generality of traditions about her, that, as
Campbell says, "it makes the hair of one's literary
faith stand on end." Helen was, very likely, a
different person from what she afterwards became,
ere the events happened that drove Rob Roy " to
the hill-side to become a broken man;" but one
can hardly imagine her, in her most happy days,

[* Lowndes has attributed this work, but we think
incorrectly, to the celebrated John Dunton. — Ed.]

to have been such a person as is above depicted —
an amiable wife and clever housekeeper. The
pen of a descendant is evident, in the partial de-
scription given of both husband and wile.

J. S. Warden.

Francis Grose the Antiquary. — Francis Grose,,
the distinguished antiquary, was Captain and Ad-
jutant of the Surrey Militia, commanded by Col.
Hodges, in which regiment he served for many
years ; but on some occasion, probably breach of
discipline, he was brought to a general court-
martial. The regiment formed part of the large
encampment of 15,000 men on Cocksheath, near
Maidstone, in 1778. I think the trial took place
then, or within a year or two of that date ; and
should be thankful to any reader of "N. & Q."
who would supply me with the precise date when
the court-martial assembled ? 2s.

" King of Kings :" Bishop Andreios1 Sermons. — •
From MS. Account of Fellows of Kings, com-
piled from 1750, a.d. 1583, Geffrey King, D.D.,
Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge, first chaplain to
Bancroft and James I., whether he or Thos. King,
1605, or James King, 1609 ? One of them began
his sermon at St. James : " I, King of Kings, come
to James the First and Sixth, nothing wavering."

" These puns much applauded in those times, inso-
much that the preacher would stop to receive applause,
which was expressed by loud and repeated hums. In
Bishop Andrews' printed Sermons, these stops may be
discovered."

Is this true of Bishop Andrews' Sermons ?

J. H. L.

Scroope Family. — Will any one be so good as to
clear up the doubts noticed in the peerage books
as to the family of Henry Lord Scroope, of Bolton,
who died about 22 Henry VII. ? His wives are
generally stated to have been daughters of the
Farl of Northumberland and Lord Scroope of
Upsal ; but other accounts are to be met with.
What however I particularly refer to, is the
question, who was the mother of his daughter
Alice, who married Sir Gilbert Talbot ? Lady
Talbot could not have been by the daughter of
Lord Scroope of Upsal : as, if so, she and her issue
would have inherited her grandfather's barony,
which it is certain was enjoyed by his younger
brothers. Very likely Mr. Scroope's unpublished
volume on the Lords Scroope and their seat
Coombe Castle explains this. S. N.

Harrison the Regicide — Lowle. — Thomas Wil-
ling, son of Joseph Willing and Anne Lowle (his
second wife), married July 16, 1704, Anne Har-
rison, a grand-daughter of the Regicide. Charles
(son of Thomas and Anne, born in Bristol, 1710)
married Anne Shippen. One of their daughters
married Sir Walter Stirling ; and a great-grand-

Apkil 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

351

daughter (Miss Bingham) married Mr. Baring,
afterwards Lord Ashburton. I should be obliged
for information as follows :

1. Through what descent was Anne Harrison
a descendant of the Regicide ?

2. Is anything known of the Lowle family ?
Their arms were, " Sa., a hand grasping three
darts argent." T. Balch.

Philadelphia.

" Chair" or " Char''1 — I am desirous of ascer-
taining the meaning of this term, as occurring
frequently in the Cambridgeshire Fens. It is
variously spelt, chair, chaire, chare, or char. In
the Cambridgeshire dialect it may be remarked,
air or are is pronounced as " ar." Thus, upstairs,
bare, are " upstars," " bar." There is a Char Fen
at Stretham, laid down in Sir Jonah Moore's
Map (1663). There is also a Chare Fen at Cot-
tenham ; and at Littleport is a place called Lit-
tleport Chair. This last had the name at least as
early as Edward II.' s reign ; as in a description of
a neighbouring fen, not later than that date, one
boundary is " A le chaire per Himmingslode usque
Gualslode End." A friend who has searched the
documents in the Fen Office at Ely on this sub-
ject for me, has been unable to discover the least
clue to the meaning of the term.

At Newcastle-on-Tyne, a narrow street or pas-
sage between houses is called a chare ; but there
is nothing narrow about Char Fen, which was
part of an open common. The course of the rivers
at Littleport may be imagined to form a rude
outline of a chair or seat ; but this does not apply
to the other instances in which the name occurs.

There are numerous local names in the fens, of
which the history may be traced for some cen-
turies, deserving investigation. E. G. R.

Aches. — I am aware that there is abundant
proof of " aches " being a dissyllable when Shak-
speare wrote, and long after ; but I wish to know
whether there is any rhyme earlier than that in
Butler, which fixes the pronunciation as artches.

S.S.

Leeming Hall. — There was formerly a mansion
somewhere between Liverpool and Preston, called
Leeming Hall. Can any of the correspondents of
■ N. & Q." inform me if it still exits, and what is
the name of the present owner ? I should also be
glad to have some information respecting the
genealogy of the family of Leemings, who formerly
lived there, or to learn the name and residence of
some member of the family to whom I could
apply for such information. G.

Caricature ; a Canterbury Tale. — Many facts
are recorded in the caricatures of the day, of
which there is no other account. The reference
of the following may be well known, but I should

feel obliged by any of your correspondents ex-
plaining it. Fox, the Prince of Wales, and a
third figure (?), are in a boat pushing off from
shore, with Burke looking over a wall with a large

bag in his hand. He says, " D me, Charley,

don't leave me in the lurch ; " who replies, " Self-
preservation is the first law of nature." His
companions joining with " Push off, Charley, push
off." H.

Perpetual Curates not represented in Convocation.
— In Lectures on Church Difficulties, by the Rev.
J. M. Neale, I find this statement :

" Under the old regime rectors and vicars were alone,
generally speaking, allowed a vote in the election of
proctors, to the exclusion from that privilege of even
perpetual curates." — Lecture xi., p. 133.

I believe that this is correct, and that the curates
spoken of as having their votes rejected in Day
versus Knewstubbs, were perpetual curates : but
can some of your correspondents confirm this view
by facts ? Wm. Fbasee.

Tor-Mohun.

Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy Jordan. — In the
preface to the edition of the plays of Wycherley
and others, edited by Mr. Leigh Hunt, the follow-
ing passage occurs :

" The two best sermons we ever heard (and no dis-
paragement to many a good one from the pulpit) were
a sentence of Dr. Whichcote's against the multiplication
of things forbidden, and the honest, heart and soul
laugh of Dorothy Jordan."

I feel rather curious to read a sentence which is
said to possess so much instruction. aavQos.

Moral Philosophy. — What English writers have
treated of the obligation of oaths and promises, or
generally of moral philosophy, between the Re-
formation and the time of Bishop Sanderson ?

HP.

Shelley's " Prometheus Unbound." — Can any
of your correspondents, by conjecture or reference
to the original MS., elucidate the meaning of the
following passage, which occurs in Act II. Sc. 4.
of this extraordinary poem ? It sounds so sweetly
that one cannot but wish it were possible to un-
derstand it.

" Asia. Who made that sense which, when the winds

of spring
In rarest visitation, or the voice
Of one beloved heard in youth alone,
Fills the faint eyes with falling tears which dim
The radiant looks of unbewailing flowers,
And leaves this peopled world a solitude
When it returns no more ? "

Shelley's mysticism is very often such as to
render him unintelligible to ordinary readers, but
it is combined here with a want of grammatical

352

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

connexion that makes obscurity ten times more
obscure. I have not the least idea whether " fills "
refers to " sense which," or to " voice ; " but
whichsoever it may belong to, it is evident that
the other nominative singular, as also the plural
" winds of spring," have no verbs, either expressed
or understood, to govern. A line or two may
have dropped out ; but all editions, as far as I am
aware, give the passage as above. In Act I., at
p. 195. line 7 of the edition of 1853, occurs a
curious error (I presume of the press) ; Mercury,
addressing the Furies, says :

" Back to your towers of iron,

And gnash beside the streams of fire, and wail

Your foodless teeth."

The having no food to put between one's teeth is
no doubt a very sufficient cause for wailing, but
•still I think the passage would run better if
" gnash " and " wail " exchanged places. How
do other editions give it ? J. S. Warden.

Turkish Language. — Are there any easy dia-
logues in the Turkish language, but in the English
type, to be obtained; and where ? If there be not,
I think it would be desirable to publish some, with
names of common objects, &c. Hassan.

Minor tilXLttiti fcoith Qnib&zxi.

Illustrated Bible of 1527. — Can you inform me
whether there is any Bible published in
1527 at Lyons, with Hans Holbein's cuts
in it, and what engraver used this mono-
gram, as I have a Bible of that date, the
plates of which are almost fac- similes (some
of them) of Holbein's cuts, which were published
by Pickering ? The date of the Bible is 1527.

* Impressa autera Lugduni per Jacobum Mare-
schall feliciter explicat, anno nostri Salutis 1 527."

L. S. C.

[Several editions of the Bible were printed in the
early part of the sixteenth century at Lyons, some of
them ornamented with cuts from designs similar to
those of Holbein. Two or three from the press of
Mareschall are in the British Museum. We believe
there were no Bibles printed at Lyons in which it was
acknowledged that the cuts were designed by Hol-
bein. The following notice of the monogram occurs
in Dictionnaire des Monogrammes, par F. Bruilliot,
parti, p. 421., No. 3208. : " Cette marque, dont on ne
connait pas la signification, se trouve sur une copie
d'une gravure en bois de Jean Springinklee, represen-
tant l'enfant Jesus couche a terre, entoure de trois
anges, et adore par St. Joseph et par la Ste. Vierge.
A droite au travers d'une fenetre pres d'une colonne
on remarque le bceuf et l'ane, et au milieu du fond
deux bergers dont l'un 6te son chapeau. La marque
est au bas a gauche pres de l'habit de St. Joseph.
Bartsch decrit Poriginal, P. Gr. t. vii. p. 328., No. 51."]

Heraldic Query. — Can you help me towards
ascertaining the date and meaning of the follow-
ing device, which I find upon an old picture-
frame^ the portrait once inclosed in which has
long since been destroyed ?

On a disk, of about six inches in diameter, are
engraved the royal arms of Great Britain, without
the harp, but with the Scots lion. You will at
once perceive the peculiarity of this bearing, the
harp and the lion having been added at the same
time by James I. The leopards occupy the first
quarter, the ground of which is semeed with
hearts ; the Scots lion the second, his feet resting
upon a quaint band, which seems to occupy the
place of the usual bordure. The three fleurs-de-
lis, very much broadened, and taking almost the
shape of crowns, occupy the places of the third
and fourth quarters.

The only instance I can find of a single lion or
leopard appearing upon a coin without the harp,
is a coin (a half-florin) of Edward III., on the
obverse of which appears a leopard crowned, with
a banner of the arms of England fastened to his
neck, and flowing back upon his shoulder.

Kuding.

Oxford and Cambridge Club.

[Our correspondent has wasted his ingenuity : the
bearings are, first quarter, Denmark, Or, semee of
hearts gules, three lions passant guardant. Second
quarter, Norway, a lion crowned, or holding a Danish
battle-axe. In base Azure, three crowns, or two and
one, Sweden. Surmounted by the royal crown. See
Souverains du Monde, t. iii. p. 430.]

Richard de Sancto Victorie. — In Anthony
Mundy's Sriccesse of the Times, under the head
" Scotland," he says, —

" In this King Alexander's reign (1110) lived also
the holy man, Richard de Sancto Victorie, being a
Scot borne, but lyving the more part of his time at
Paris, in Fraunce, where he died, and lieth buried in
the Abbey of S. Victorie, he being a brother of the
same house."

Can you furnish any particulars of my country-
man Richard ? Perthensis.
[Richard, Abbot of St. Victor, was born in the
reign of David I. After such education as Scotland
afforded, in polite literature, the sacred Scriptures, and
mathematics, the principal objects of his early studies,
he went over to Paris. Here^ the fame of Hugh,
Abbot of St. Victor, induced him to settle in that mo-
nastery, to pursue his theological studies. In 1164,
upon the death of Hugh, he was chosen prior, which
office he filled for nine years with great wisdom and
prudence. He died March 10, 1173, and was buried
in that monastery. He was the author of several
treatises on subjects of practical divinity, and on scrip-
ture criticism, particularly on the description of Solo-
mon's temple, Ezekiel's temple, and on the apparent
contradictions in the books of Kings and Chronicles.
They were all published at Paris in 1518 and 1540 in

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

353

two vols, folio, at Venice in 1692, at Cologne in 1621,
and at Ilouen in 1650, which is reckoned the best
edition. A summary account of his works is given in
Mackenzie's Lives and Characters of Writers of the
Scots Nation, vol. i. p. 147., edit. 1708.]

St. Blase. — In Norwich, every fifty years, the
festival of Bishop Blase is observed with great
eeremony. What connexion had he with that
city ? W. P. E.

[Norwich formerly abounded with woolcombers,
who still esteem Bishop Blase as their patron saint,
probably from the <£0mhe flf fj?rtll with which he
was tortured previously to his martyrdom. " No other
reason," says Alban Butler, " than the great devotion
of the people to this celebrated martyr of the Church,
seems to have given occasion to the woolcombers to
choose him the titular patron of their profession ; on
which account his festival is still kept by them with a
solemn guild at Norwich."]

3ReuIts£.

LEICESTER AS BANGER OP SNOWDOU.

(Vol.ix., p. 125.)

In a note to Parry's Royal Visits and Progresses
in Wales, p. 317., I find the following allusion
to the circumstances mentioned in Elffin ap
Gwye-dno's Query regarding Leicester's Ranger-
ship of Snowdon, and the patriotic opposition
offered to his oppressions. I regret I am unable
to afford the desired information respecting the
imprisonment of the Welsh gentleman in the
Tower. Could not this be furnished by some of
your readers who have access to public documents
and records of the period ? This imprisonment
is not mentioned either in the account I append,
or in a longer one to be found in Appendix XVI.
vol. iii. of Pennant's Tour in Wales :

" Among the Welsh nobility who formed a part of
her Majesty's household, were Sir Richard Bulkeley,
Bart., and Mrs. Blanche Parry, both of whom seem
to have been brought up in the court from their in-
fancy, and, consequently, in great esteem with her
Majesty ; so much so, that the Earl of Leicester, the
Queen's favourite, began to be jealous of Sir Richard :
and with a view of having him removed from court, he
made an attempt to have him accused, upon false evi-
dence, of treason. With this wicked design, the Earl
of Leicester informed her Majesty that the council had
been examining Sir Richard Bulkeley, and that they
found him a dangerous person ; that he dwelt in a
suspicious corner of the world, and should be com-
mitted to the Tower. ' What 1 Sir Richard Bulke-
ley !' said the Queen ; 'he never intended us any harm.
We have brought him up from a boy, and have had
special trial of his fidelity ; ye shall not commit him.'
* We have the care of your Majesty's person,' said the
Earl, * and see more and hear more of the man than
you do : he is of an aspiring mind, and lives in a re-

mote place.' 'Before God!' replied the Queen ; 'we
will be sworn upon the Holy Evangelists, he never
intended any harm.' And then her Majesty ran to the
Bible, and kissing it, said : ' You shall not commit
him ; we have brought him up from a boy.' Sir
Richard, however, was too high-minded to suffer such
an imputation to be laid to his character. He insisted
on an inquiry; during which it appeared, that Lord
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, had been appointed a ranger
of the Royal Forest of Snowdon, which, in the Queen's
time, included some portion of Merioneth and Angle-
sey. This nobleman's insolence to the inhabitants of
the forest was more than could be brooked. He tried
to bring many freeholders' estates within the boundary ;
juries were empannelled, but the commissioners rejected
their returns as unfavourable to the Earl. Those
honest jurors, however, persisted, and found a verdict
for the country. But in the year 1538, he succeeded
by a packed jury, who appeared in his livery, blue,
with ragged staves on the sleeves ; men who, after
this nefarious act, were stigmatised with the title of
' The Black Jury who sold their country.' Sir Richard
Bulkeley, who, with Sir William Herbert and others,
superseded a prior commission, resisted this oppression
with great firmness, and laid those odious grievances
before the Queen, whose regard for her loyal subjects
in Wales was evinced by the recalling of the first com-
mission, by proclamation at Westminster, in 1579.
The Earl being worsted, sought the life of Sir Richard
by having him charged as above. But this generous
and patriotic nobleman, by his excellent and manly
conduct, overthrew every malevolent design of his
enemy ; and came out of this fiery trial as clear as the
pellucid crystal of Snowdon."

R. E. G. C.

INMAN FAMILY.

(Vol. ix., p. 198.)

A Subscriber having challenged me by name
to assist him in resolving his " historic doubts,"
I hasten to afford him what information I possess,
conscious at the same time that I can add little or
nothing that will materially aid him in his investi-
gation.

First, then, as to Owen Gam. This name
savours strongly of the leek, both Christian and
surname being unequivocally British. Gam, in
Welsh, signifies the "one-eyed;" we may con-
clude, therefore, that this gentleman, or one of his
progenitors, had lost an eye in one of the frays
common in bygone days, and so acquired the ap-
pellation of Gam. A Subscriber has omitted to
give dates with his Queries, and thus leaves us in
the dark as to the precise period he refers to ;
still, it may interest him to know that David Gam, a
landed proprietor of some importance in Hereford-
shire, temp. Henry IV. and V., who had married
the sister of Owen Glyndwr, was discovered in
an attempt to assassinate his brother-in-law, the
royal chieftain ; and was, in consequence, arrested

354

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

and confined for ten years in Owen's prison at
Llansaintffraid. He was afterwards released ; and
distinguished himself, together with some near
relatives, as Pennant relates, at the battle of Agin-
court, where he fell, pierced with wounds, while
assisting in the rescue of his royal master King
Henry. Possibly, Owen Gam may have been a
descendant of this half-hero, half-assassin.

Llewellyn Clifford, again, is a name strongly
suggestive of its owner's connexion with Cambria.
If A Subscriber has exhausted the resources of
the Clifford pedigrees, it were, I suppose, useless
to refer him to the ancestry of the defunct Earls
of Cumberland ; and especially to that part of it
represented by Sir Roger de Clifford, of Clifford,
co. Hereford, a famous soldier in the days of
Henry III. and Edward I. He accompanied the
latter monarch in his inroads into Wales, and fell
in battle there, not far from Bangor, circa 1282-3,
leaving several children ; one of the younger of
whom I conjecture to have been the father of the
before-named Llewellyn Clifford. After having
subjugated the country, we can easily fancy the
conquerors perpetuating the event by naming
certain of their posterity after the fallen prince
Llewellyn.

As for Sir William de Roas (or Ros), A Sub-
scriber is wrong in supposing his name to have
been Ingman ; for although he resided at Ingman-
thorpe, co. York, his surname, in common with
that of a long line of ancestry and descendants,
was De Ros only. He was the grandson of Robert
de Ros, the founder of the two castles, Werke and
Hamlake, and one of the leaders of the baronial
forces in their armed opposition to the tyrant
King John.

Before closing this communication, I would
suggest to A Subscriber, and to all others pro-
pounding genealogical Queries, the absolute neces-
sity of affixing dates to their inquiries in every
possible instance ; as nothing is easier than to go
astray, sometimes for half-a-dozen generations, in
fixing the identity of a solitary individual.

T. Hughes.

Chester.

ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL OP LEICESTER.

(Vol. ix., pp. 105. 160.)

That this infamous man did die of poison, is, I
believe, the general opinion. The late Dr. Cooke
Taylor has the following passage upon the subject,
in his Romantic Biography of the Age of Eliza-
beth, vol. i. p. 115. :

" Nearly all the cotemporary writers assert that
Leicester fell a victim to poison ; Naunton declares
that he, by mistake, swallowed the potion he had pre-
pared for another person ; and, as there can be no
doubt that the Earl was a poisoner of great eminence

and success, the story is far from being improbable.
The Privy Council must have believed that his death
was not natural, for they minutely investigated a report
that he had been poisoned by the son of Sir James
Crofts, in revenge for the imprisonment of his father.
Some suspicious circumstances were elicited during the
examination ; but the matter was suddenly dropped,
probably because an inquiry into any one of the com-
plicated intrigues of Elizabeth's court would have in-
volved too many persons of honour and consequence."

Drummond of Hawthornden, in his Notes of
Conversations with Ben Jonson, has the following
curious note :

" The Earl of Leicester gave a bottle of liquor to
his lady, which he willed her to use in any faintness;
which she, after his returne from Court, not knowing
it was poison, gave him, and so he died."

This is a strong confirmation of the statement
given by Sir Robert Naunton.

In one of the many valuable notes appended by
Dr. Bliss to the Athence Oxonienses, is the follow-
ing cotemporary narrative, copied from a MS.
memoranda on a copy of Leicester's Ghost :

"The author (of the poem) hath omitted the end of
the Earle, the which may thus and truely be supplied.
The Countesse Lettice fell in love with Christopher
Blunt, gent., of the Earle's horse ; and they had
many secret meetings, and much wanton familiarity ;
the which being discovered by the Earle, to prevent
the pursuit thereof, when Generall of the Low Coun-
treys, hee tooke Blunt with him, and theire purposed
to have him made away : and for this plot there was a
ruffian of Burgundy suborned, who, watching him in
one night going to his lodging at the Hage, followed
him and struck at his head with a halbert or battle-axe,
intending to cleave his head. But the axe glaunced,
and withall pared off a great piece of Blunt's skull,
which was very dangerous and longe in healinge : but
he recovered, and after married the Countesse ; who
took this soe ill, as that she, with Blunt, deliberated
and resolved to dispatch the Earle. The Earle, not
patient of this soe greate wrong of his wife, purposed
to carry her to Kenilworth ; and to leave here there untill
her death by naturall or by violent means, but rather
by the last. The Countesse also having a suspicion,
or some secret intelligence of this treachery against
her, provided artificiall meanes to prevent the Earle ;
which was by a cordiall, the which she had no fit op-
portunity to offer him till he came to Cornebury Hall,
in Oxfordshire ; where the Earle, after his gluttonous
manner, surfeiting with excessive eating and drinking,
fell soe ill that he was forced to stay there. Then the
deadly cordiall was propounded unto him by the
Countesse ; as Mr. William Haynes, sometimes the
Earle's page, and then gentlemau of his bed-chamber,
told me, who protested hee saw her give that fatal 1 cup
to the Earle, which was his last draught, and an end
of his plott against the Countesse, and of his journey,
and of himselfe ; and soe — Fraudis fraude sua prendi-
tur artifex." — Athena Oxon., vol. ii. col. 74, 75. note.

Edward F. Rimbault.

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

355

HAKDMANS ACCOUNT OF WATERLOO.

(Vol. viii., p. 199. ; Vol. ix., p. 176.)

I perfectly recollect reading, when a boy, a
critique on this poem, and being much amused
thereby. The critique appeared in the Literary
Gazette or Athenaeum, as well as I remember.
I never saw the poem, but I recollect some of the
lines quoted, which went nearly as follows : —

" The following morning, at break of day,
An orderly dragoon did come this way :
' Holloa ! holloa ! I say, give ear,
Is Adjutant Hardman quartered here?
Holloa ! halloa ! I am not wrong,
Is Adjutant Hardman here at home?'"

I merely quote from memory ; and hope, there-
fore, that any deviations from the original may be
pardoned.

Lieutenant (Brevet Captain) Hardman, if not
a first-rate poet, is a gallant soldier, and I re-
joice to see his name in the Army List for March,
1854. I cannot ascertain at what period he
joined the army, but he was present at the
cavalry engagements of Sahagun and Benevente,
on December 20th and 27th, 1808, on the retreat
of Sir John Moore's army to Coruna, for which
he is decorated with a Peninsula medal. For his
bravery as a non-commissioned officer he was
promoted, May 19, 1813, to a cornetcy in the
royal wagon train ; and was transferred, August 12
following, to the 23rd Light Dragoons, and
was same day appointed Regimental Adjutant of
that corps. On the almost total change of officers
that took place in the 10th Hussars, owing to the
quarrels of Colonels Quentin and Palmer, Lieu-
tenant Hardman succeeded Captain Bromley, on
December 15, 1814, as Lieutenant and Adjutant
in the corps in which he had commenced his
military career; a sufficient proof of his having
been a zealous, active, and efficient non-commis-
sioned officer, when serving as such in the regi-
ment. He embarked at Ramsgate with the ser-
vice squadrons of his regiment in April, 1815, and
landed at Ostend, whence the 10th regiment pro-
ceeded to Brussels : it was present at Quatre
Bras, although not engaged with the enemy : and
at Waterloo it behaved with the greatest gal-
lantry, and lost two officers, nineteen soldiers, and
fifty-one horses killed, in addition to six officers
and twenty-six men wounded. Lieutenant Hard-
man's position as adjutant necessarily kept him
in the vicinity of his commanding officers, Col.
Quentin and Major Howard ; therefore he was an
eye-witness of poor Howard's death. Lieutenant
Hardman received the Waterloo medal. The
10th Hussars landed at Ramsgate, from Boulogne,
in January, 1816, and marched to Brighton,
where Lieutenant Hardman resigned the adju-
tantcy, February 8, 1816, and exchanged to half-

pay of the regiment, June 6, same year, since
which period he has not served upon full pay.

G. L. S.

CHURCHES IN "DOMESDAY BOOK.

(Vol. viii., p. 151.)

A. W. H. says, " In the case of many parishes
it is stated [in Domesday Book], that there was a
church there : is it considered conclusive authority
that there was not one, if it is not mentioned in
Domesday Book ? " This question has, I doubt
not, often engaged the attention of antiquaries;
and I am somewhat surprised that the Query has
elicited no reply. The conclusion has often been
drawn that, no church being mentioned, none
existed before the survey. It would appear this
conclusion has been an erroneous one. In the
last volume issued by the Chetham Society (Do-
cuments relating to the Priory of Penwortham, and
other Possessions in Lancashire of the Abbey of
Evesham, edited by W. A. Hulton, Esq.) that
point is ably discussed ; and as Mr. Hulton's
views on a subject of so much interest cannot
but be valuable, I venture to extract them, as
worthy of a place in " N. & Q." He says :

" Donations of churches with tithes are made directly
after the survey of Domesday was taken. And yet that
survey is entirely silent as to their existence. Similar
omissions have given rise to doubts, whether the in-
stitution of our parochial economy had been carried
out to its full extent previous to the Conquest, and
whether we are not indebted to the Normans for its

full perfection. Such doubts are unfounded

There is nothing in Domesday to justify the doubts al-
luded to. A consideration of the objects of that survey
will dissipate them : the purpose was principally finan-
cial. It was directed so as to obtain a correct account
of the taxable property within the kingdom. And it
was immaterial whether the proceeds were paid alto-
gether to the owner, or a definite portion was diverted
into other channels. Therefore those churches which
were endowed only with tithes of the surrounding dis-
tricts, as Eccleston and Croston, Penwortham and
Leyland, in Leyland Hundred, and Rochdale and
Eccles, in Salford Hundred, were unnoticed, although
the two first-named churches were granted by Roger
de Poictou, with their tithes and other appurtenances,
to the Priory of Lancaster ; and the pages of the
Coucher Book of Whalley prove the two latter churches
to have existed at a date perhaps anterior to the Con-
quest. But the case was different when a church was
endowed with glebe-land. Such a church appeared in
the light of a landowner, and in that character is its
existence notified. Thus, in modern Lancashire, south
of the Ribble, the churches of Wigan and Winwick,
Childwall, Walton, Warrington, Manchester, Black-
burn, and Whalley are expressly named in Domesday,
but invariably in connexion with the ownership of
land. It seems clear, therefore, that the silence of
Domesday cannot be urged as a proof of the non-exist-

356

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[Nc. 233.

ence of a church, or of the subsequent grant of those
rights and privileges by which its due efficiency is
maintained." — Introd., p. xxiii.

Wm. Dobson.
Preston.

MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.

{Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549. ; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204.)
" Ceste noble race de Grantmont." — BrantGme.

The following are some of the principal events
in the life of the Chevalier de Grammont.

He was born in the year 1621, probably at the
family seat of Bidache, in Gascony.

He was sent to the college at Pau in Beam,
the nearest university to the family residence.
His studies here did not much benefit him ; and
although intended for the church, we find him at
a later period actually highly commending the
Lord's Prayer, and seriously inquiring by whom
it was written. On his declining a clerical life,
he was sent to the French army in Piedmont in
1643. He served under his brother, the Marshal,
and the Prince de Conde ; and was present at the
three battles of Fribourg on the 3rd, 5th, and 9th
Aug. 1644 ; and at that of Nordlinguen on the
3rd Aug. 1645. It was at the battle of Fribourg
that the Prince de Conde, having failed in his first
attack on the enemy, got off horseback, and placed
himself at the head of the regiment of Conti,
•whilst all the officers and volunteers alighted also,
amongst whom is mentioned the Chevalier de
Grammont ; and this reassuring the soldiers, they
charged the enemy, who fled into a wood under
favour of the approaching night. At Nordlin-
guen, the Marshal de Grammont was taken pri-
soner, and nearly murdered by the Germans, to
revenge the death of their General, the great
Mercy, who was slain in the battle. The Marshal
was subsequently exchanged against Gen. Gleen.

In 1647 Grammont served again under his
brother and the Prince de Conde in Spain : and in
1648 he was present with them at the battle of
Lens on the 20th Aug.,*where the Archduke Leo-
pold and General Beck were totally defeated in
Flanders.

The troubles of the Fronde now commenced;
and in the first instance Grammont zealously at-
tached himself to the prince. In Dec. 1649, he
tested the accuracy of the report that it was in-
tended to assassinate the prince by sending his
own coach with the prince's liveries over the Pont
Neuf, to see what would occur. The result was,
the coach was fired at ; but, as no one was in it,
the would-be assassins did no harm. During the
imprisonment of the princes, Grammont, with
others, joined the Spanish army which had ad-
vanced into Picardy, in consequence of the treaty
the Duchesse de Longueville and Turenne had
made with the King of Spain.

We do not find when Grammont left the
prince's party ; the prince himself admitted it was
with honour. He seems to have connected him-
self with Gaston, Duke of Orleans ; and is styled
about this time by "la Grande Mademoiselle" as
one of her father's gentlemen. She also relates
that when the royal forces threatened Orleans, the
inhabitants sent to the duke for succour, and he
sent the Count de Fiesque and Mons. de Gram-
mont, who appeased their fears. The duke also
advised his daughter to take the opinion of Fiesque
and Grammont in all matters, as they had been in
Orleans long enough to know what ought to be
done. When Mademoiselle was trying to effect
an entrance into the city, Grammont incited the
inhabitants to assist in breaking open agate, which
the authorities, under fear of the royal displeasure,
were afraid to direct. The gate was broken open,
and she was borne in triumph along the streets.

It was probably at this period that Grammont
sighed for the Countess de Fiesque (about whom
he, and his nephew the Count de Guiche, quar-
relled) ; as Mademoiselle, in her Memoirs, re-
lates that, in the year 1656, on her interview with
Christina, Queen of Sweden, she presented to her,
amongst others, the Countess de Fiesque, one of
her ladies of honour. The Queen observed : " The
Countess de Fiesque is not so beautiful as to have
made so much noise ; is the Chevalier de Gram-
mont still in love with her ? "

In 1654 Grammont accompanied the Court to
Peronne ; where they anxiously awaited Turenne's
attempt to force the Prince de Conde's lines at
Arras, as related in the Memoirs.

On the 25th Nov. 1655, Madame de Sevigne
writes to Bussi-Rabutin, relating an anecdote in
which Grammont was a party.

Madame de Motteville relates that Queen Chris-
tina rallied the Chevalier de Grammont on the
passion he had then for the Duchesse de Mercceur,
one of Cardinal Mazarin's nieces ; and spared him
only on account of the utter hopelessness of it.

It is about this period we are inclined to
place Grammont's first visit to England ; where
curiosity, Hamilton informs us, drew him to see
so remarkable a character as Cromwell ; but this
visit will be a good starting-place for the next
Number. W. H. Lammin.

Fulham.

CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.

(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 280. 353. ; Vol. ix., p. 14.)

" Professor F. W. Newman, in his little work entitled
Regal Rome, maintains that the old languages of Italy,
especially the Umbrian and Sabine, contained a strik-
ing predominance of Celtic ingredients, and he wishes
to show that this is still evident even in the Latin of
Cicero. His proof rests on vocabularies (pp. 19 — 26.),
especially in regard to the military, political, and reli-

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

357

gious words which he supposes the Romans derived
from the Sabines (p. 61.). With regard to these lists,
I have to observe, that while all that is valid in the
comparison merely gives the Indo- Germanic of the
Celtic languages — a fact beyond dispute — Mr. New-
man takes no pains to discriminate between the marks
of an original identity of root, and those words which
the Celts of Britain derived from their Roman con-
querors."— Donaldson's Varronianus, p. 64.

*' It is to be remarked, that almost all the words of
the British tongue agree either with the Greek or Latin.
It is this strong similarity of features between their
own language and those of Greece and Italy, that has
induced so many of my countrymen to claim for it the
honour of being the mother-tongue of all, and to scorn
all examination which did not commence with this
confession. Even the late learned Dr. Owen Pugh
has, in his Dictionary, by arbitrarily selecting certain
syllables as the roots of all Cumrian words, done much
to foster this overweening conceit. The system was
carried to its extreme point of absurdity by the Rev.
Edward Davies, who by the help of such syllables ex-
pected to unravel the mysteries of all languages. This
failure has I hope paved the way for the more sober
consideration of the question, which, if worked out
fairly, will in my opinion establish the claim of the
Cumrian tongue, if not to be the mother of all tongues,
at least to be a valuable branch of the Caucasian tree
of languages. Now, had the two races, the Roman
and Cumrian, remained always separate, a comparative
etymology would have been an easy task ; for no more
■would be necessary than to put the similar roots, having
the same meaning, side by side. But, unfortunately
for the scholar who undertakes to prove the question,
the Romans were in this island four hundred years,
colonised it partly, and partly gave it their own
form of civilisation. As before mentioned, the inha-
bitants adopted with avidity the Roman dress, language,
and literature. That language must therefore be sup-
posed to have entered deeply into the composition of
the present Cumrian tongue. The sceptical examiner
may therefore reasonably object, that any similarity
between the two languages might have originated in
the adoption of that of Rome by the British provin-
cials. In answer to this I refer in the first place to
Lloyd's reasoning, quoted in the note," viz. that the
same similarity exists between the Latin and the Erse
[see Newman, in the Classical Museum, vol. vi.]. " In
the second place to the fact, that Wales and Cornwall
do not appear to have been occupied, like the rest of
England, by the Romans." ..." Still, however, the
long residence of the Romans in the island, with the
known influence always produced by such a state of
things, renders every statement grounded on the simi-
larity alone of the languages of the two races, the con-
quered and the conquerors, liable to suspicion. I have
therefore been compelled to enter upon an exceedingly
difficult investigation, which, if successful, must prove
the radical identity of the Latin and Cumrian tongues.
The proof is this : If there are derivative words in the
Latin, of which we must seek the primitives in the
Cumrian, and if these primitives be shown to furnish
an explanation of many words before inexplicable on
etymological principles. For example, if the word

'to tread' under various forms be found, with the
meaning 'to trample with the feet,' in most of the
western languages of Europe, and have no noun to
base itself upon in these languages, and yet the noun
' traed the feet ' be found in one of them, the inference
is irresistible that the verb in all its forms was derived
from this root. To deny this would be equivalent to
a denial that the Latin verb calcare came from calx,
'the heel.' In the following list, such words alone,
with a few exceptions for the sake of etymological
illustration, have been introduced. It might have been
indefinitely extended, but the difficulty was to confine
the examples within moderate limits." — Williams on
One Source of the Non-Hellenic Portion of the Latin
Language.*

This eminent scholar supplies sixty-two, with
explanatory notes, and subjoins a list of sixty-
three. Under the example " Occo, occare, to har-
roiv" he observes :

" Persons who wish to draw subtle inferences say
that all the terms of the Romans connected with agri-
culture may be referred to a Greek source, while the
terms expressive of war and hunting are non-Hellenic.
The induction fails completely in both parts, as might
easily be shown. When Caesar landed in Britain, the
natives were agriculturists, densely planted. And
Halley proved, that the harvest which Ca;sar's soldiers
reaped had ripened at the average period of a Kentish
harvest in his days. Assuredly then the Britons had
not the agricultural names to learn from the Romans
of an after age."

" I begin," says Newman, " with the country and
domestic animals, which will show how very far from
the truth Niebuhr was, when he imagined that in
words connected with 'the gentler pursuits of life' the
Roman language has a peculiarly extensive agreement
with the Hellenic."

When your correspondent T. H. T. says —

" Professor Newman, in his Regal Rome, has drawn
attention to the subject ; but his induction does not
appear sufficiently extensive to warrant any decisive
conclusion respecting the position the Celtic holds as
an element of the Latin," —

he could not have known that the same writer has,
in the sixth volume of the Classical Museum, con-
tinued the comparison at great length ; and as
that work falls into the hands of but few, I shall
transcribe some passages which may throw light
on the subject :

" It has for some years been recognised, at least by
several English scholars, that there is a remarkable
similarity between the Celtic languages and Latin.
In the case of Welsh it was, I believe, at first sup-
posed that the words must have been introduced by
the Roman dominion in Britain ; but when the like-
ness was found to exist in the Erse, and that the Erse
was even more like to Latin (as regards the con-
sonants) than the Welsh is, this idea of course fell to

* In Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,
vol. xiii.

358

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

the ground. The scholar and physiologist, who first
pressed into notice the strong similarities of the Celtic to
the European languages, and claimed a place for Celtic
within that group, Dr. Prichard, has naturally fixed
his attention with so much strength on the primitive
relations of all these tongues, as to be jealous and
suspicious of an argument, which alleges that the one
has borrowed from the other. Some ten years ago, by
his favour, I read a MS. of a vocabulary (the compo-
sition of Dr. Stratton, formerly of Aberdeen), which
compared the Gaelic with the Latin tongue in alpha-
betical order without comment or development. From
this vocabulary Prichard gives an extract in his chapter
on the Italian nations, and finds it entirely to confirm
his views that the Roman language has not suffered
any larger admixture by a foreign action. What is or
was Dr. Stratton's opinion, I never heard. His voca-
bulary first suggested to me the value of this inquiry,
and that is all. Having now been led to a fuller ex-
amination of the Welsh and Gaelic dictionaries, I find
not only a far greater abundance of material (especially
in the Welsh) than I could have imagined ; but also,
that by grouping words aright, conclusions result such
as I had not expected, and adverse to those of Dr.
Prichard."

Professor Newman, as T. H. T. has observed,
confined himself to a tabular view of Celtic and
Latin words ; but the grammatical structure and
formal development of the two languages have not
been overlooked in the philological literature of
England. These interesting inquiries have been
pursued by Dr. Prichard, in his elaborate treatise
on the Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations, and
the Rev. W. D. Conybeare, (in his Theological Lec-
tures delivered in JBi'istol College in 1831-33) has
shown that it is by thus analysing the grammatical
structure, which forms the very skeleton of lan-
guages, rather than by confining our attention to
mere vocabularies, that we may best detect their
true affinities, and has illustrated this doctrine by
a few Welsh examples. In the West of England
Archaeological Journal is exhibited (I believe by
the same author) the identity of verbal forms in
the Welsh and Latin languages.

Nevertheless, Archdeacon Williams maintains
that two languages may have a common vocabu-
lary, but different grammars * :

" The Latin language, whether from Pelasgic or
Achaean influence, adopted at an early period the Hel-
lenic grammar ; and, under the skilful hands of the
bilingual Ennius, became that polished interpreter of
thought, which yields in regularity and majesty to the
Greek alone. The Cumri either retained, which is
more probable, a still more ancient, or invented a
grammar, now peculiar to themselves. This, although
it be simple and scientific in the highest degree, is so
completely at variance with all the other grammars of
the civilised world, that scholars who have to acquire

* In his Gomer he shows that the Latin and Cym-
raeg display great similarity in the tenses of the sub-
stantive verb.

it late in life feel the strongest repugnance to its forms
and principles, and are tempted to regard a language
more fixed and unchangeable in its principles than any
other existing, as more slippery and grasp-escaping
than the Proteus of the Grecian mythology."

Since I wrote these extracts, I have been much
gratified by the perusal of Archdeacon Williams's
Gomer, which I recommend to all interested in
this inquiry. Bibliothecae. Chetham.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Box Sawdust for Collodion. — The following will be
of some use to your photographic readers :

It find that, by treating box sawdust with nitric and
sulphuric acid (in the same manner as cotton), and
then dissolving it in ether, it gives a far more sensitive
collodion than either cotton or paper, and the pictures
produced by it are of unequalled brilliancy.

Can you inform me whether portraits can be taken
for sale, by the collodion process, without infringing
upon the patents? Chas. Whitworth.

Henrietta St., Birmingham.

Proportions of Chlorides and Silver. — I trust you
will allow me space in your valuable work for some
remarks in reference to an important photographic
query, viz. What are the proportions of chlorides and
silver uniformly suited to give the best positive pic-
tures ?

I am led to propose this subject for the consideration
of practical photographists, and, if possible, that ama-
teurs may arrive at something like a rule to guide
them in printing positives that will please.

The necessity of these remarks, to me at least,
appear very evident from the wide space which stands
between the proportions proposed by various operators.
Mr. Lyte, " N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 158., says 42 grains
of chloride and 100 grains of silver to 1 oz. of water.
Mr. Pollock, " N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 588., says
20 grains chloride, and 90 grains of silver to the ounce.
Mr. Hockin has 10 grains chloride, silver 60. Mi.
Delamotte, for albumenized paper, chloride 60 grains,
silver 120. Mr. Thornthwaite begins as low as
chloride ^ grain, and silver 30 grains; and lastly,
amidst a long range of proportions, from 1 grain of
chloride to the ounce, and silver 20 grains to the
ounce, Dr. Diamond, a great authority in photo-
graphy, assures all that the best results can be ob-
tained by using of chloride 5 grains to the ounce, and
of silver 40 grains to the ounce. If so, let the photo-
graphic world know that the latter proportions are
sufficient, and the others needless, wasteful, and ex-
pensive without cause. I trust you agree with me in
thinking that it would be of use to a large number of
beginners to have the proportions best suited for
printing positives defined as near as possible, and not
be left to guess at proportions varying from ^ grain to
60 grains, and from 20 to 120. I have written hur-
riedly, and hope you will see the object I aim at.

Amateur.

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

359

Photographic Copies of Rembrandt. — The extreme
rarity and great pecuniary value of many of Rem-
brandt's finest etchings are doubtless well known to
many of our readers, as being such as to put these
master-pieces of art beyond the reach of ordinary pur-
chasers. This series of works, calculated beyond all
others of their kind to delight the possessor, will how-
ever, thanks to photography, soon be obtainable by
all admirers of the great master. Two distinguished
French photographers, the brothers MM. Bisson, have
succeeded in obtaining, by means of this wonderful
art, copies of a fidelity attainable by no other pro-
cess : so that the wondrous lights, shades, half-tones,
and chiaro-obscuro, for which Rembrandt is so re-
markable, are preserved in all their original beauty.
The plates will be accompanied by descriptive letter-
press, and by a Biography of Rembrandt from the pen
of M. Charles Blanc. As the works are so numerous,
the first series will consist of forty plates, to be issued
in ten livraisons, each containing four plates, price
twenty francs ; a very moderate sum, if we remember
that among the works thus to be issued, at a cost of
five francs each, will be found copies of such gems as
the Avocat Tolling and the Piece de Cent Florins.

Coloured Photographs. — I have lately seen, and very
much admired, some specimens of photographic co-
loured portraits. They have all the broad effect of the
great masters perfectly in detail, and none of the nig-
gling effect of many coloured photographs, which are
in fact specimens of miniature painting rather than
photography — the outline alone being given by the
photographic art. The specimens I refer to appear
to have been soaked in oil, or some transparent varnish,
and then coloured in separate tints, probably from the
back ; the shadows being entirely photographic. It is
evident they are quickly and easily executed ; but I am
desirous of knowing the exact process, and shall be
much obliged for information on the subject.

An Amateur.

&ej>It*a to $Itn0r <&\xtxit&.

Dr. Eleazar Duncon (Vol. ix., pp. 56. 184.). —
Dr. Eleazar Duncon, and his brother Mr. John
Duncon, are mentioned in Barnabas Oley's Pre-
face to George Herbert's Country Parson, as
having " died before the miracle of our happy
Restoration." There was another brother, Mr.
Edmund Duncon, rector of Fryarn Barnet, in the
county of Middlesex ; sent by Mr. Farrer to visit
George Herbert, during his last illness. E. H. A.

Christian Names (Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488. 626.). —
The earliest instance I have yet met with, of an
individual with two Christian names, occurs in the
compulsory cession of the Abbey of Vale Royal to
King Henry VIII. ; the deed conveying which is
still extant in the Augmentation Office. It is in
Latin, and signed by John Harwood the Abbot,
Alexander Sedon the Prior, William Brenck Har-

rysun, and twelve other monks of the Abbey.
Vale Royal Abbey is now the seat of Lord Dela-
mere, into whose family it came by purchase in
1616, from the descendant of Sir Thomas Holcroft,
the original grantee from the crown. T. Hughes.
Chester.

I send you a much earlier instance of two Chris-
tian names than any that has hitherto been given
in your pages. Henry Prince of Wales, son of
King Henry IV., was baptized by the names
Henry Frederick. Vide Camden's Remains, 4to.,
1605. I have not a reference to the page.

C. DE D.

Abigail (Vol.iv., pp. 424., &c. ; Vol. viii., p. 653.).
— Your recent correspondents on this subject do
not appear to have met with the passage in which
I mentioned, that since putting the question, I
had found that a waiting-maid in Beaumont and
Fletcher's comedy of The Scornful Lady was
named Abigail ; and that, as the play appeared to
have been a favourite one, the application of the
name to the class generally was probably owing
to it. In the absence of any proof of its having
been previously used in this sense, I still continue
to think that this conjecture was well founded.
Considering the terms on which Dean Swift was
with the Mashams, he was the last person in the
world to have used such a term, unless it had been
so long in familiar use as to be deprived of all
appearance of personal allusion to them.

J. S. Warden.

"Begging the question'1'' (Vol. viii., p. 640.). —
This phrase is identical with that of " petitio prin-
cipii," a figure of speech well known both to
logicians and mathematicians, i. e. assuming a
point as proved, and reasoning upon it as such,
which has in fact not been proved.

J. S. Warden.

Russian Emperors (Vol. ix., p. 222.). — lam
informed by a late resident in Russia that the
rumour to which Mr. Crosfield refers has no
foundation. I am farther informed, however,
that after a twenty-five years' reign the monarch
has even more absolute and despotic authority
than before the lapse of that time. I hope this
subject may be well ventilated, as considerable
misapprehension exists about it. John Scribe.

Garble (Vol. ix., p. 243.). — Your correspondent
E. S. T. T. was mistaken when he said that the
" corrupt " meaning of the word garble is now the
only one ever used. In proof of this I would
give one instance, familiar to me, in which it still
retains its " good " signification. In " working "
cochineal, spices, and other similar merchandise
at the warehouse in which they are stored upon
their arrival in this country, the operation of

360

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

sifting and separating the good from the bad is
termed garbling : the word being here employed
in the very same sense as in the examples quoted
by E. S. T. T., illustrative of its original mean-
ing, and which sense he erroneously stated it no
longer possessed. R. V. T.

Mincing Lane.

I cannot agree with your correspondent E. S.
T. T., that a corruption of meaning has taken
place in this word ; and that whereas it originally
meant a selection of the good and a discarding of
the bad parts of anything, its present meaning is
exactly the reverse of this. Its original signifi-
cation is correctly stated : the garbling of spices,
drugs, &c, meant the selection of the good and
the rejection of the bad. But the garbling of a
passage cited as a testimony is a precisely analo-
gous process. The person who garbles the pas-
sage omits those parts which can be used against
his view, and adduces only those parts which sup-
port his conclusion. He selects the parts which
are good, and rejects those which are bad,/o?- his
purpose. When a passage is said to be garbled,
it is always implied that the person who quotes it
has suppressed a portion which tells against him-
self; but that portion is, so far as he is concerned,
the bad, not the good portion. The secondary and
metaphorical is therefore precisely analogous to
the primary and literal sense of the word, and
not the reverse of it. L.

Electric Telegraph (Vol. ix., p. 270.). — As
every new attempt to improve this invaluable
invention, and to extend its use, is of world-wide
importance, the following extract from La Presse,
a French newspaper of March 23rd, will excite
inquiry :

" On ecrit de Berne, le 17 Mars, MM. Brunner et
Hipp, directeurs des telegraphes electriques de la
Suisse, viennent d'inventer un appareil portatif a
l'aide duquel, en Pappliquant a un point quelconque
des fils telegraphiques, on peut transmettre une
depeche. L'essai de cet appareil a ete fait a deux
lieues de Berne, dans un lieu oil il n'existe aucune
section de telegraphic "

The writer goes on to say that the experiment
had been tested with success on the lines to
Zurich, Basle, Geneva, &c. J. Mackay.

Oxford.

Butlers "Lives of the Saints" (Vol. viii., p. 387.).
— The inquiry respecting the various editions of
this valuable work not having yet received any
answer, the following information may in some
degree satisfy the inquirer. The first edition of
the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints was
published in the author's lifetime, at various in-
tervals from 1754 to 1759, when the last of the
four volumes appeared, of which the edition was

composed. Part II. of vol. iii. is now before me,
with the date 1758. No other edition appeared
till after the death of the learned and pious au-
thor, which took place in 1773.

The second edition was undertaken by the
most Kev. Dr. Carpenter, Roman Catholic Arch-
bishop of Dublin, and appeared in 12 vols, in
1779. It is stated in the title-page to be " cor-
rected and enlarged from the author's own MS."
It did contain all the notes omitted in the pre-
vious edition, and other matter prepared by the
author. The third edition was published in
Scotland, and other editions followed ; but I am
unable to give any particulars of them. But the
splendid stereotype edition, published in London
by Murphy, in 1812, in 12 vols., is by far the
best ever produced, or ever likely to appear.
Since this there have been other editions ; one in
2 vols., published in Ireland, and a cheap edition
in 12 small vols., printed at Derby; but they
deserve little notice. F. C. H.

Anticipatory Use of the Cross (Vol. viii. passim).
— In answer to particular inquiry, I have been
furnished by a resident in Macao with an answer,
of which the following is the substance: — The
cross is commonly used in China, and consists of
any flat boards of sufficient size, the upright shaft
being usually eight to ten feet high. The trans-
verse bar is fixed by a single nail or rivet, and is
therefore often loose, and may be made sometimes
to traverse a complete circle. It is not so much
an instrument of punishment in itself, as it is an
operation-board whereon to confine the criminal,
not with nails, but ropes, to undergo — as in the
case of a woman taken in adultery — the cutting
away of the flesh from the bosom. He adds, that he
has witnessed such punishment, and he has no
doubt that the cross has been used in this way in
China immemorially. Any of your correspon-
dents will much oblige me by correcting or con-
firming this statement from positive testimony.

T. J. Bucktox.

Lichfield.

The Marquis of Granby (Vol. ix., p. 127.). —
A portrait of this nobleman constitutes the sign of
a public-house at Doncaster, and of another at
Bawtry, nine miles from that town. His lordship,
it is said, occasionally occupied Carr House, near
the former place, as a hunting-box in the middle
of the last century. As an instance of his lord-
ship's popularity, I may here add, that out of
compliment to him, and for his greater conveni-
ence in hunting, at a period when there was a
considerable extent of uninclosed and undrained
country around Doncaster, the corporation di-
rected several banks and passages to be made on
their estate at Rossing-ton ; and in 1752, that body
likewise presented the Marquis with the freedom
of the borough. C. J.

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

361

Irish Letters (Vol.ix., p. 246.)-— The following
inscription on the monument of Lugnathan, ne-
phew of St. Patrick, at Inchaguile, in Lough Cor-
rib, co. Galway, is supposed to be the most ancient
in Ireland :

" LIE LUGNAEDOH MACC LMENUEH."

" The stone of Lugnaodon, son of Limenueh."

The oldest Irish manuscript is the Book of
Armagh, which contains a copy of the Gospels,
and some very old lives of St. Patrick. (See
O'Donovan's Irish Gramma?; Dublin, 1845, p. lii.)

Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Bev. John Cawley (Vol. ix., p. 247.). — In reply
to the inquiry of C. T. E., What is the authority
for stating that the Rev. John Cawley, rector of
Didcot, was a son of Cawley the regicide ? I send
you the following extract from Wood's Athence
(Bliss's edition), vol. iv. col. 580. :

" John Cawley, son of Will. Cawley of the city of
Chichester, gent., was, by the endeavours of his father,
made Fellow of All Souls' College (from that of Mag.
dalen) by the visitors appointed by Parliament, anno
1649 ; took the degrees in arts, that of Master being
completed in 1654 ; and whether he became a preacher
soon after, without any orders conferred on him by
a bishop, I cannot tell. Sure I am, that after his
Majesty's restoration, he became a great loyalist, dis-
owned the former actions of his father, who had been
one of the judges of King Charles I. ; when he was
tryed for his life by a pretended court of justice, rayled
at him (being then living in a skulking condition be-
yond sea) ; and took all opportunities to free himself
from having any hand or anything to do in the times
of usurpation. About which time, having married
one of the daughters of Mr. Pollard of Newnham
Courtney, lie became rector of Dedcot, or Dudcot, in
Berkshire; rector of Henley in Oxfordshire; and in
the beginning of March, 1666, Archdeacon of Lincoln."

'AAievs.

Dublin.

NewZealander and Westminster Bridge (Vol. ix.,
pp. 74. 159.). — Your correspondents have traced
this celebrated passage to a letter from Horace
Walpole to Sir H. Mann, and to passages in
poems by Mrs. Barbauld and Kirke White. It
appears to me that the following extract from the
Preface to P. B. Shelley's Beter Bell the Third,
has more resemblance to it. It is addressed to
Moore :

" Hoping that the immortality which you have
given to the Fudges you will receive from them ; and
in the firm expectation, that when London shall be an
habitation of bitterns, when St. Paul's and Westmin-
ster Abbey shall stand shapeless and nameless ruins, in
the midst of an unpeopled marsh ; when the piers of
Westminster Bridge shall become the nuclei of islets
of reeds and osiers, and cast the jagged shadows of
their broken arches on the solitary stream ; some trans-

atlantic commentator will be weighing in the scales of
some new and now unimagined sytem of criticism, the
respective merits of the Bells, and the Fudges, and
their historians."

John Thrupp.
10. York Gate.

Several passages from different writers having
been mentioned in your columns as likely to have
suggested to our brilliant essayist and historian
his celebrated graphic sketch of the New Zea-
lander meditating over the ruins of London, I
would beg leave to hint the probability that not
one of those many passages were present to his
mind or memory at the moment he wrote. The
fact is that the picture is so true to nature, and
has been so often sketched, and the associations
and reflections arising from it so often felt and
described, that I cannot for a moment admit the
insinuation of a charge of plagiarism, or even un-
conscious adaptation of another's thoughts in one
so abundantly stored with imagery of his own,
that the very overflowings of his own wealth
would enrich a generation of writers. It has
however occurred to me that his classic mind
might have remembered the picture of Marius
amid the ruins of Carthage, or, more probably,
the still more striking passage in the celebrated
letter of Sulpicius to Cicero, on the death of his
daughter Tullia, in which he describes himself, on
his return from Asia, as sailing from iEgina to-
wards Megara, and contemplating the surrounding
countries :

" Behind me lay iEgina, before me Megara ; on my
right I saw Pirasus, and on my left Corinth. These
cities, once so flourishing and magnificent, now pre-
sented nothing to my view but a sad spectacle of deso-
lation."

And he then proceeds with his melancholy reflec-
tions on so many perishing memorials of human
glory and grandeur in so small a compass.
S ' ° P G.W.T.

Volney wrote thus :

" Qui sait si sur les rives de la Seine, de la Tamise
. . . dans le tourbillon de tant de jouissances . . .
un voyageur, comme moi, ne s'asseoira pas un jour
sur de muettes ruines, et ne pleurera pas solitaire sur
la cendre des peuples et la memoire de leur grandeur?"
— Lts Ruines, chap. ii. p. 11.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

Misapplication of Terms (Vol.ix., p. 44.). — I
cannot pretend to set up my judgment against
that of Mr. Squeers, who has in his favour the
proverbial wisdom of the Schools. Riddle, how-
ever, who I believe is an authority, gives the word
Lego no such meaning as "to hearken." If
Plautus uses the word in that sense, as it is an
uncommon one, the passage should have been
quoted, or a reference given. The meaning of

362

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 233.

the word appears to be " to collect, run over, see,
read, choose." In justification of my criticism,
and in reply to Mr. Sqtjeers, I shall quote Home
Tooke's remark, in speaking of "to Stovra, or
things which ought to be done;" Div. Purley,
Pt. II. ch. viii. (vol. ii. pp. 499—501., edit. 1849) :

■ The first of these, Legend, which means That
which ought to be read, is, from the early misapplica-
tion of the term by impostors, now used by us as if it
meant, That which ought to be laughed at. And so it is
explained in our Dictionaries."

At the hazard of being again deemed hypercri-
tical, while on this subject, the misapplication of
terms, I must question the correctness of the phrase
" Under the circMwistance." A thing must be in
or amidst its circMjn-stances ; it cannot be under
them. I admit the commonness of the expression,
but it is not the less a solecism. Can you inform
me when it was introduced ? I hope it is not old
enough to be considered inveterate. The best
authors write "in the circumstances ;" and yet so
prevalent is the anomaly, that in a very respect-
able periodical, not long since, the French " dans
les circonstances presentes," given as a quotation,
is rendered " Under the present circumstances."

J. W. Thomas.

Dewsbury.

Hoglandia (Vol. viii., p. 151.). — In reply to
an inquiry for the full title of a book from which
a quotation is given in Pugna Porcorum, the full
title is Xoip6xtopoypacj>la, sive Hoglandice description
published anonymously in 1709, in retaliation of
Edward Holdsworth's Muscipula. " Hoglandia "
is Hampshire, and Holdsworth probably was a
Hampshire man, for he was educated at Winches-
ter, and we may presume the anonymous author
to have been a Cambro-Briton. H. L.

■ffli&tzT[mza\i&.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Lingard's England. Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols. I. to V., and

X. and XI.
The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift. London, printed for

C. Bathurst, in Fleet Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI.

ending with " Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift," written in

Nov. 1731.)
Byron's Works. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
The Volume of the London Polyglott which contains the

Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
Carlisle on Grammar Schools.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.

*!»* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTES AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Latimek's Sermons. Published by the Parker Society. Vol. I.

Wanted by Mr. J. G. Nichols, 25. Parliament Street

Plans or Maps of Ancient London, and Representations of
Remarkable and Interesting Objects connected therewith— large
size (such as Old St. Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old London Bridee.
&c).
A Copy of No. 1 . (or early number) of ". The Times " Newspaper.
A Copy of one of the " Broadsheets " issued during the Plague.
Wanted by Mr. Joseph Simpson, Librarian, Literary and
Scientific Institution, Islington, London.

J20ttce4 tn €arttsipaiitJtntii.

Owing to our being compelled to go to press this week ready for
publication on Thursday, and to the great mass of Replies to
Minor Queries waiting for insertion, we have been compelled to
omit our usual Notes on Books, &c.

QUjEstor, who calls our attention to the catalogue in which
certain Hollar and Eyre drawings are inserted, attached to the
Gentleman's Magazine, is thanked. We were, however, already
aware of it. The subject is too important to be lost sight of.

A. Z. is thanked. We should of course be glad if " N. & Q."
could be purchased at all Railway Stations, but have no means of
securing it. If frequently asked for, we have no doubt that the
supply will follow the demand.

Montrose's reply has been anticipated. Thanks.

A Querist. We wish our Correspondents would take the
trouble of just referring to our volumes before forwarding
Queries upon well-known subjects. We have repeatedli/ answered
similar inquiries, and again only in our last Number, by re-
ferring, for the history and illustration of " God tempers the
wind to the shorn lamb," to our First Volume.

H. Martin. Mr. Keble's edition of Hooker is more carefully
edited than Hanbury's.

Abhba. The reference must certainly be to Richard Sterne,
Archbishop of York, one of the supposed authors of the Whole
Duty of Man : see our Sixth Volume, p. 537.

A. P. Hayes. We suspect the following is the title of the work
required :— " Pedestrianism; or, an Account of the Performances
of celebrated Pedestrians during the last and present Century :
with a full Narrative of Captain Barclay's public and priva'e
Matches: and an Essay on Training. By Walter Thorn.
Aberdeen, 1813. 8vo."

Neison on Railway Accidents. — A Correspondent wishes to
know where this pamphlet may be seen, and whether it is on sale.

W. S. For the etymology of lampoon, see Todd's Johnson, and
Richardson's Dictionary. Bailey derives it from Lampons, a
drunken song. Jt imports Let us drink, from the old French
laraper, and was repeated at the end of each couplet at carousals.

W. A. W. (Brighton). The specked appearance is entirely
owing to your having the wrong paper for your negatives. When
Turner's paper is really good it is invaluable, but the specks so
abundant in it are a great drawback.

H. H. (Glasgow). We think a practical lesson from some
experienced hand would put you right in all your little failures.
It is evident from your perseverance that great success will ulti-
mately attend you. It is very difficult to describe all the minutice
by correspondence .

A Subscriber (Atherstone). I. We think your failures appear
to arise from defective iodized paper. If the least portion of
iodide of potash remains, the browning will take place ; or the
acetic acid may not be pure : add a little more. 2. If the least
portion of hypo, contaminates your silver solutions, they are useless;
to reduce it to its metallic slate again is the only remedy. 3. The
views taken instantaneously are with collodion. It may be ap-
plied equally well upon paper as glass ; and the advantage of
paper negatives is very great over glass.

Photography — We hope next week to lay before our readers
the particulars of a new process, combining all the advantages of
the waxed-paper, but without its difficulties and uncertainties.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10*. 6d., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

April 15. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

363

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.

QUARTO SERIES.

Evangelia Augustini Gregoriana.

By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D. 20s.
An Historical Inquiry touching

St. Catherine of Alexandria, illustrated by a
Semi-Saxon Legend. By the REV. C.
HARDWICK, M.A. 12s.

OCTAVO SERIES.

I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St.

Andrew and St. Veronica. By C. W. GOOD-
WIN, M.A. 2«. 6d.

II. Grseco-Egyptian Fragment
on Magic. By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.
3s. 6d.

III. Ancient Cambridgeshire.

By C. C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3s. 6df.

Reports and Communications,

Nos. I. and II. Is. each.

Index to Baker Manuscripts.

7s. 6d.

J. DEIGHTON ; MACMILLAN & CO.,
Cambridge.

JOHN W. PARKER & SON, and GEORGE
BELL, London.

At all the Libraries, 2 vols, post 8vo., 18s.,

LIFE OF JEROME CARDAN,
of Milan, Physician. By HENRY
MORLEY.
"The author has studied Cardan with an

eye of philosophical interest and curiosity he

has treated him picturesquely, and at times
almost playfully. . . . We can hardly say
that Mr. Morley is too speculative for a bio-
grapher, and we cannot sufficiently commend
his care in collection and his skill in accumu-
lation."— dthenceum.

Also, by the same Author,
2 vols, post 8vo., cloth, 18s.

THE LIFE OF BERNARD

PALISSY, of SAINTES ; his Labours and
Discoveries in Art and Science ; with an Out-
line of his Philosophical Doctrines, and Illus-
trative Selections from his Works.

One vol. 8vo„ 10s. 6d.

A VISIT to PORTUGAL and

MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE
STUART WORTLEY.

London : CHAPMAN & HALL,
193. Piccadilly.

AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.

A GENTLEMAN who is fully
conversant with the French. German,
and Italian Languages, is desirous of obtaining
some PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. He
can give satisfactory references as to Compe-
tency and Respectability of Family and Con-
nexions.
Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN,

Publisher, 9. Devonshire Street, Bishopsgate

Street.

(CLASSICAL MUSICAL LI-

\ ) BRARY — Subscribers are liberally sup-
plied, on loan, with every description of New
Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
at their disposal upwards of 3.000 volumes,
including the Standard Operas, Italian, Ger-
man, French, and English Songs, and all
kinds of Instrumental Music. During the
Term of Sub cription, each Subscriber has the
privilege of selecting — for his own property —
from 100,000 different pieces, 3 Guineas' worth
of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on
application.

JULLIEN & CO., 214. Regent Street.

Now ready, price 25s„ Second Edition, revised
and corrected. Dedicated by Special Per-
mission to

THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF
CANTERBURY.

PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR
THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH.
The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H.
MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The
Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable
also to Two or One, including Chants for the
Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise System of Chantino, by J. B.
SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to
Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth,
price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21.
Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on
the receipt of a Post-office Order for that
amount ; and, by order, of the principal Book-
sellers and Music Warehouses.

" A great advance on the works we have
hitherto had, connected with our Church and
Cathedral Service."— Times.

" A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly un-
equalled in this country."— Literary Gazette.

" One of the best collections of tunes which
we have yet seen. Well merits the distin-
guished patronage under which it appears." —
Musical World.

" A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
with a system of Chanting of a very superior
character to any which has hitherto appeared."
— John Bull.

London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
Also, lately published,

J.B. SALE'S SANCTUS,

COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as per-
formed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.

C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.

GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton,
Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of
EASTER.

PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway

Stations.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTE WILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

ONE THOUSAND BED-
STEADS TO CHOOSE FROM. —
HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises a large
Assortment of handsomely Japanned and
Brass-mounted IRON BEDSTEADS, CHIL-
DREN'S CRIBS and COTS of new and ele-
gant designs : MAHOGANY, BIRCH, and
WALNUT-TREE BEDSTEADS, of the
soundest and best Manufacture, many of them
fitted with Furnitures, complete ; and every
varietv of SERVANTS' and PORTABLE
B E DSTE ADS. They have also a large Assort-
ment of

BED - ROOM FURNITURE,
comprising WARDROBES, both in
Japanned Wood and Mahogany, from 4 ft. to
8 ft. long, fitted with every variety of arrange-
ment ; DRESSING TABLES and GLASSES,
WASHSTANDS, DRAWERS, and every
Article for the complete furnishing of a Bed-
room.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-
STEADS and priced List of Bedding, contain-
ing designs and prices of upwards of One
Hundred Bedsteads (representing a Stock of
upwards of One Thousand), sent Free by Post.

HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - . -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, tec., taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

QMEE'S BINOCULAR PER-

kj SPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS A full

account of the mode of taking these extraor-
dinary Likenesses in " Smee on the Eye," just
published, price 5s.

HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD,
123. Newgate Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE

L fc CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. id.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

364

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
0. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell.Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H.E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew. Esq.
W. K vans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.
W.Whateley,Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;
T. Grissell, Esq.
Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.
Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.
VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
accordiug to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100/., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age
17-
22 -

27.

1 18 8

2 4 5

Age

32-
37-
42-

£ s. d.

■ 2 10 8

■ 2 18 6
-382

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,

Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d.. Second Edition,
With material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 178.V), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, houdoir.or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover. Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
Parry.H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. II. Wright," &c.
D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

eHUBBS LOCKS, with all the
recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
s, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
*izes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
"Wolverhampton.

I

MPERTAL LIFE INSU-
RANCE COMPANY.
1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
Instituted 1820.

SAMUEL HD3BERT, ESQ., Chairman.

WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., Deputy-
Chairman.

The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by
this Office will be found of a very moderate
character, but at the same time quite adequate
to the risk incurred.

FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent, of the
Profits, are assigned to Policies every fifth
year, and may be applied to increase the sum
insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or
to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
future Premiums.

ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insur-
ances of 500/. and upwards, for the whole term
of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy,
to be paid off at convenience ; or the Directors
will lend sums of 50?. and upwards, on the
security of Policies effected with this Company
for the whole term of life, when they have
acquired an adequate value.

SECURITY. — Those who effect Insurances
with this Company are protected by its Sub-
scribed Capital of 750,000/., of which nearly
140,000/. is invested, from the risk incurred by
Members of Mutual Societies.

The satisfactory financial condition of the
Company, exclusive of the Subscribed and In-
vested Capital, will be seen by the following
Statement :
On the 31st October, 1851, the sums

Assured, including Bonus added,

amounted to - - - - - £2,500,000
The Premium Fund to more than - 800,000
And the Annual Income from the

same source, to - - - - 109,000

Insurances, without participation in Profits,
may be effected at reduced rates.

SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER
ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

WH. HART, RECORD
. AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
manv of the early Public Kecnrds whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated! begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen enzaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

T

WO THOUSAND POUNDS

for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-

NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is
acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. M. : double size, 4s. Gd. ; 7s. Gd
equal to 4 small: lis. to 6 small: 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect bcautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. Gd. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Stree*. :
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork: BARRY, 9. Main
Street. Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow DUN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand : KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard *
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street : London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

XX CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of
PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,
DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by-
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

DENNETT'S MODEL

I ) WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, mav now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12. 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 sruineas ; Silver. 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2/.,3/., and 4/. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington at go. 5. New Street Square, fil &***j*J*
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Grorob Beix. of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Fubliiher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, April 1 5. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

M When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 234.]

Saturday, April 22. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, £tf.

CONTENTS.

Notes : — Page

Whitefield and Kennington Common,

by H. M. Bealby - - -367

Anachronisms, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 367
Cephas, a Binder, and not a Rock, by

the Rev. Moses Margoliouth - - 368

Epitaphs, &e. - - - - 363

The Rigby Correspondence, by James

F. Ferguson - 369

The Wandering Bee ... 370

Minor Notes : — Tippet — Ridings and
Chaffings _ Henry of Huntingdon's
"Letter to Walter" — Arthuriana —
Encyclopedia of Indexes, or Tables
of Contents _ Errata ia Nichols'
" Collectanea Topographica et Genea-
logica" - - - - - 370

Queries : —

Genesis iv. 7. - - - - 371

Roland the Brave - 372

Clay Tobacco-pipes, by Henry T. Riley 372

Minor Queries : — Cabinet : Sheffield,
Earl of Mulgrave, Marquis of Nor-
manby , and Duke of Buckinghamshire

— Bersethrigumnue — Lady Jane Grey

— Addison and Watts — Lord Bote-

loust's Statue by Richard Hayware

Celtic in Devon — Knobstick Ari-
stotle — The Passion of our Lord
dramatised — Ludwell : Lunsford :
Kemp — Linnamn Medal _ Lowth of
Sawtrey : Robert Eden _ Gentile
Names of the Jews — The Black
Prince — Maid of Orleans — Fawell
Arms and Crest — " Had I met thee in
thy beauty" — Portrait of D. P. Tre-
mesin — Edition of " Othello " — Pros-
pect House, Clerkenwell — Ancient
Family of Widderington — Value of
Money in the Seventeenth Century - 373

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Ruin near St. Asaph, North Wales —
Wafers — Asgill on Translation to
Heaven — Ancient Custom at Coles-
hill - - - - - 375

Replies : —

The Songs of Degrees - 376

American Poems imputed to English

Authors ----- 377
" Feather in your Cap " - - - 378

Perspective, by Benjamin Ferrey, &c. - 378
Lord Fairfax, by T. Balch,&c. - - 379

"Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium,"
by Charles Hardwick, &e. - - 380

Photographic Correspondence :

Mounting Positives - Mounting of
Photographs, and Difficulties in the
Wax-paper Process— The New Waxed-
paper, or Coroleine Process - - 381

Replies to Minor Queries : — Origin of
Clubs— Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy
Jordan — " Paid down upon the Nail
— " Man proposes, but God disposes "—
Roman Catholic Patriarchs— Classic
Authors and the Jews — Mawkin —
Mantelpiece— Mousehunt — " Vanita-
tem observare," &c. - - . 3g3

Miscellaneous : —
Notes on Books, &c.

Books and Odd Volumes Wanted
1\ otices to Correspondents

- 386

- 387

- 387

Vol. IX.— No. 234.

Now ready, THE NEW AND IMPROVED
EDITION, comprising all the restored Pas-
sages and numerous Additional Notes and
Letters, in 4 vols, demy 8vo., with Portraits,
&c, price 10s. 6d. each, handsomely bound, of

SAMUEL PEPYS' DIARY AND
CORRESPONDENCE.

" Our friend Mr. Pepys here comes before the
world in a new dress, even more convenient
than the last. Tie Diary is now included in
four volumes demy octavo ; by which change
Lord Braybrooke has found room for many
fresh notes and illustrations. It is now an
admirably edited book ; carefully and wor-
thily presented in all ways, and truly deserv-
ing of the place which it ought to find on all
well-furnished bookshelves." — Examiner.

Published for HENRY COLBtIRN, by his
Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13.
Great Marlborough Street.

This day is published, price 6s. Gd.

THE CAMBRIDGE UNI-
VERSITY CALENDAR FOR THE
YEAR 1854.

Cambridge : JOHN DEIGHTON.
Sold in London by LONGMAN & CO.;
F. & J. RIVINGTON ; WHITTAKER &
CO. ; SIMPKIN & CO.; J. W. PARKER
& SON ; GEORGE BELL ; and by DEIGH-
TON & LAUGHTON, Liverpool.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,

1 No. CLXXXVHL, is published THIS
DAY.

Contents :
I. LAURENCE STERNE.
II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.

III. THE WHIG PARTY.

IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
V. CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.

VI. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.
VII. TREASURES OF ART IN ERI-
TAIN.
VIII. NEW REFORM BILL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d„ is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

Fifteenth Edition, fcp., cloth, price 7s.,

PROVERBIAL PHILO-
SOPHY. By MARTIN F. TUPPER,
D.C.L., of Christ Church, Oxford.

Also, an ILLUSTRATED EDITION of
"PROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY," with
above Sixty Designs by Cope, Horsley, Pickers-
gill, Tenniel, Corbould, Birket Foster, and
other eminent Artists.

London: T. HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly;
and of any Bookseller.

T BAKER'S CATALOGUE
• of Cheap and Valuable Second-hand
BOOKS, Theological and Miscellaneous ; in-
cluding a large Collection of OLD and MO-
DERN DIVINITY, SERMONS, &c, may
be had Gratis on application, or by Post, by
sending one Penny Stamp to frank it.

THOMAS BAKER. 19. Goswell Street,
London.

DOOKS BOUGHT, to any

l) Amount, and the utmost Price given,
for immediate Cash, thereby saving the delay,
uncertainty, and expense of Public Auction,
by a Second-hand Bookseller of 20 years'
standing.

N. B — Catalogues Gratis and Post Free.
20,000 Volumes of Books.

Apply to T. MILLARD, 70. Newgate Street.

Now ready, price 6s.

PROFESSOR HUNT'S MA-
NUAL OF PHOTOGRAPHY. Fourth
Edition revised.

London and Glasgow :
RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO.

rrO ETHNOLOGISTS.—

A MESSRS. TRTJBNER & CO. arc pre-
paring for immediate Publication, in one vo-
lume, 4to., 650 pp. profusely illustrated, price
U. 12s., GLIDDON'S TYPES OF MAN-
KIND ; or Ethnological Researches, based
upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings,
Sculptures, and Crania of Races, and upon
their Natural, Geographical, Philological, and
Biblical History. By J. C. NOTT, M.D., and
G. R. GLIDDON, formerly U. S. Consul at
Cairo.

Gentlemen desirous of becoming Subscribers
are requested to send their Names in as early
as possible.

Illustrated Prospectus to be had on appli-
cation.

TRUBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

ATOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp.720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-

RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should aud it to his library." — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WniTTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

366

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

THE MANUAL OF SCIENCE AND AKTS, AND
PHOTOGEAPHIC MISCELLANY.

No. XI. on May 1st,

Containing Twenty-four Pages of Letterpress, Two lithographic Plate*, and Numerous
W oodcuts.

A Second Edition of No. I. in the Press.

MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE.

London : WHITTAKER & CO.

THE BRITISH GALLERY OF

I HISTORICAL PORTRAITS ; being a
Collection of about Three Hundred Authentic
Portraits, Autogruphy, Seals, Letters, &c. of
Royal and Illustrious Personages in English
History and Literature, from the year 1420 to
1750, including many that are not to be found
in any other Collection ; comprising the whole
of the Series of British Autography formerly
published by MR. J. THANE, with Addi-
tional Portraits, Facsimiles, and Biographical
Sketches (only Fifty Sets published). 4 vols.
imperial 8vo., half-bound, moiocco backs,
price 21. is.

Also,

A SUPPLEMENT TO THE

BRITISH AUTOGRAPHY, formerly pub-
lished by MR. J. THANE, containing Twenty-
seven new Portraits, with Facsimiles ot the
Handwriting, &c, a Portrait of Mr. Thane,
some sheets of Autograohs, and new Biogra-
phical Sketches. ONLY ONE HUNDRED
COPIES PRINTED. Quarto, same size as
the book, price IS*.
EDWARD DANIEL, Mortimer Street,
Cavendish Square, London.

Now ready,

HI3TOIRE DE LA REVOLUTION

D'ANGLETERRE.

(2ePartie.)

HISTOIRE DE CROMWELL,
par MONS. GUIZOT. 2 vols. 8vo. 14s.
The same. 2 vols. 12mo., 7s. The original
Paris Editions.

DULAU & CO., Foreign Eooksellers,
7. Soilio Square.

RSCEKT PVBLICATIOVS

OP THE

CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.

QUARTO SERIES.

Evangelia Augustini Gregoriana.
By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D. 20s.
An Historical Inquiry touching

St. Catheiine of Alexandria, illustrated by a
Semi-Saxon Legend. By the REV. C.
HABDWICK,M.A. 12s.

OCTAVO SERIES.

I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St.

Andrew and St. Veronica. By C. W. GOOD-
WIN, M. A. 3s. 6d.

II. Graeco-Egyptian Fragment

on Magic. By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.
■*>•£

III. Ancient Cambridgeshire.

By C. C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3s. 6rf.

Reports and Communications,

Nos. I. and II. Is. each.

Index to Baker Manuscripts.

7s. 6rf.
J. DEIGHTON ; MACMILLAN & CO.,
Cambridge.

JOHN W. PARKER & SON, and GEORGE
BELL, Londou.

/CHRONICLES OF THE AN-

\J CIENT BRITISH CHURCH, previous
to the Arrival of St. Augustine, a. d. 596.
Second Edition. Post 8vo. Price 5«. cloth.

" A work of great utility to general readers."
— Morning Post.

" The author has collected with much in-
dustry and care all the information which can
throw light on his subject." — Guardian.

" Not unworthy the attention of our clerical
friends." — Notes and Queries, ii. 453.

London: WERTHEIM & MACINTOSH,
24. Paternoster Row, and of all Booksellers.

WH. HART, RECORD
t AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Kecords whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

A RUNDEL SOCIETY. — The

J\ Publication of the Fourth Year (13^2-3),
consisting of E ghf Wood Engraving* by
MESSRS. DALZ1EL. from Mr. W. Oliver
Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
at PADUA, is now ready ; and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions are requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN .T. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

'THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-

j TOGRAPIIS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Coutinental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures. Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, *c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

EVANS'S PATENT SHOWER
BATHS, Warm and Cold Baths, Slipper,
. , Hip, and Foot Baths, Sponging and
Douch Baths, and Baths of every description,
combining all recent improvements, and every
variety of shape and pattern.

GARDEN ROLLERS, GARDEN EN-
GINES, Horticultural TOOLS, Scythes,
Shears, Syringes, and Garden requisites in ge-
neral. Also a variety of new pattern GARDEN
SEATS, Chairs, &c.

TEA and COFFEE URNS, Percolators, and
machines of new and elegant deigns, com-
bining all the recent French and English im-
provements.

PAPIER MACHE TEA TRAYS and

WAITERS. Table CUTLERY, plated ware.
Patent DLSII COVERS, and every article for
the Kitchen always on show at

JEREMIAH EVANS, SON, and COM-
PANY'S STOVE. GRATE, and COOKING
APPARATUS Manufactory and Ware-
houses, 33. KING WILLIAM STREET,
London Bridge.

THE SWEET VESPER BELLS
OF ANCON A. — Ballad. Written and
composed by JOHN PARRY, and illustrated
with remini-cences of Ancona, after a sketch
from the Composer's own portfolio. 2s. 6d.
This admired song is altogether one of the
happiest conceptions of this gifted favourite of
the public.

HAMILTON and the PIANO-
FORTE.—Just published, the Fifty-fifth
Edition of this extraordinarily popular Au-
thor's MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for the
PIANOFORTE, newly revised and greatly
enlarged. By CARL CZERNY, pupil of Beet-
hoven. Large mu»ic fo.io, 62 pages, price
only 4s.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO.,
New Burlington Street.

The import.-.nt Productions of Henry Shaw,
Esq., F.S.A., including the Copyrights.

"MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY

NY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers
of Literarv Property and Works illustrative of
the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at
their House, si' Wellington Street, Strand, on
MONDAY. May 1, at 1 o'clock precisely, the
important PUBLICATIONS of Henry Shaw,
F.S.A. ; comprising. The Dresses and Deco-
rations of the Middle Ages, from the Seventh
to the Seventeenth Century : Decorative Arts
of the Middle Ages ; Details of Elizabethan
Architecture : Specimens of Ancient Furni-
ture ; Illuminated Ornaments of the Middle
Ages, from the Seventh to the Seventeenth
Centurv: Alphabes, Numerals, and Devices
of the Middle Ages ; Handbook of Mediaeval
Alphabets and Devices; Encyclopasdia of Or-
namental Metal Work ; and the Glazier's
Book. These magnificent works have reached
the greatest degne of excellence, are of the
most splendid character, and may be justly
designated the highest of their several classes
in point of artistic merit, pictorial beauty, and
literary worth. May he viewed on the Friday
and Saturday previous. Catalogues had at
place of Sale.

Sale of Photographic Pictures, Landscape
Camera by Home & Co. ; also Prints and
Drawings.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room,
191. Piccadilly, early in MAY. an important
Collection of Photographic Pictmes by the
most celebrated Artists and Amateurs ; com-
prising some chefsd'wuvre of the Art, amongst
which arc large and interesting Views taken
in Paris, Rouen, Brussels Switzerland, Rome,
Venice, various parts of England and Scot-
land. Rustic Scenes, Architectural Subjects,
Antiquities. .*c. Also, some interesting Prints
and Drawings.

Catalogues will be sent on Application (if at
a distance, on Receipt of Two Stamps.)

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

367

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1854.
WHITEFIELD AND KENNINGTON COMMON.

Your correspondent the Rev. W. Sparrow
Simpson (Vol. ix., p. 295.) has given some in-
teresting little notes respecting the past history
of Kennington Common. Other notes might be
added, and which should not be overlooked in a
record of events connected with a spot whose as-
sociations and whose name are about to pass away
for ever. After all, it is a righteous act, a noble
deed, a benevolent mission, that gives a kind of
immortality to a locality. It was here that the
ever memorable George Whitefield proclaimed in
an earnest voice, and with an earnest look, the
gospel of Jesus Christ to multitudes of his fellow-
creatures. He was wonderfully endowed by God
for his great work, and the evidence of his vast
success is to be found in the fact that immense
numbers flocked from all parts to listen to the
tidings which he had to deliver. He had audiences
on Kennington Common amounting to ten, twenty,
and thirty thousand people, great numbers of
whom were savingly impressed by his message.
He melted their hearts, and sent them away, re-
flecting on the great problems of man's history,
and on the dignity and destiny of the human
mind. Take the following from his published
diary, which is now scarce, and not much known :

"Sunday, April 29, 1731. At five in the evening
•went and preached at Kennington Common, about two
miles from London, where upwards of 20,000 people
were supposed to be present. The wind being for me,
it carried the voice to the extretnest part of the au-
dience. All stood attentive, and joined in the Psalm
and Lord's Prayer so regularly, that I scarce ever
preached with more quietness in any church. Many
were much affected. "

"Sunday, May 6, 1731. At six in the evening
preached at Kennington ; but such a sight I never saw
before. Some supposed there were above 30,000 or
40,000 people, and near fourscore coaches, besides great
numbers of horses ; and there was such an awful silence
amongst them, and the Word of God came with such
power, that all seemed pleasingly surprised. I con-
tinued my discourse for an hour and a half."

" Sunday, July 22, 1739. Went to St. Paul's and
received the blessed Sacrament, and preached in the
evening at Kennington Common to about 30,000
hearers. God gave me great power."

"Friday, August 3, 1739. Having spent the day
in completing my affairs (about to embark for
America), and taking leave of my dear friends, I
preached in the evening to near 20,000 at Kennington
Common. I chose to discourse on St. Paul's parting
speech to the elders at Ephesus, at which the people
were exceedingly affected, and almost prevented my
making any application. Many tears were shed when
I talked of leaving them. I concluded all with a suit-

able hymn, but could scarce get to the coach for the
people thronging me, to take me by the hand, and
give me a parting blessing."

Let those who have a deep sympathy with the
great and good, who have served their age with
exalted devotion and burning zeal, remember that
on that very spot which is now called Kennington
Park, this extraordinary man lifted up his powerful
voice, and with commanding attitude, with the
tenderest affection, with persuasive tones, and
with thrilling appeals, proclaimed the " glorious
gospel of the blessed God " to multitudes of the
human family. He preached as in the light, and
on the borders of the eternal world. It is such
facts as these that will enhance in mind and me-
mory the interest of such a spot. The philosophy
of Whitefield's life has yet to be written.

H. M. Bealbt.

North Brixton.

ANACHRONISMS.

Mr. Thackeray makes another trip in the
present (April) number of The Newcornes. Clive
writes a letter dated "May 1, 183-," which is at
once answered by Pendennis, who sends him " an
extract from Bagham's article on the Royal Aca-
demy," and Mr. Thackeray makes the critic ask,
" Why have we no picture of the sovereign and
her august consort from Smee's brush ? " To
which it may be answered, " Because, even if the
' 183- ' represents the time of Victoria's reign, her
Majesty did not take unto herself an ' august con-
sort' until Feb. 10, 1840." It may also be ob-
served, that in all the illustrations to Mr. Thacke-
ray's delightful story, Mr. Doyle has clothed the
dramatis persona in the dresses of the present
day. A notable example of this occurs at p. 75.,
in his clever sketch of Mrs. Newcome's At Home,
" a small early party " given in the year 1833, the
date being determined by a very simple act of
mental arithmetic, since the author informs us that
the colonel went to the party in the mufti-coat
" sent him out by Messrs. Stultz to India in the
year 1821," and which he had " been in the habit
of considering a splendid coat for twelve years
past." The anachronism on Mr. Doyle's part is
probably intentional. Indeed, he only follows the
example which Mr. Thackeray had justified in
these words :

" It was the author's intention, faithful to history, to
depict all the characters of this tale in their proper
costumes, as they wore them at the commencement of
the century. But, when I remember the appearance
of people in those days, and that an officer and lady
were actually habited like this [here follows one of
Mr. Thackeray's graphic sketches], I have not the
heart to disfigure my heroes and heroines by costumes
so hideous; and have, on the contrary, engaged a

368

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

model of rank dressed according to the present fashion."
— Vanity Fair, note to p. 55.

And, certainly, when one looks at a fashion-
book published some twenty years ago, one cannot
feel surprised at Mr. Doyle, or any other man of
taste, preferring to commit an anachronism, rather
than depict frights and monstrosities.

Cuthbert Beds, B.A.

CEPHAS, A BINDER, AND NOT A ROCK.

Some of the multifarious readers of " N. & Q."
may feel interested in the suggestion of an ori-
ginal solution on Matt. xvi. 16-19. I submit it
(not presumptuously, but hopefully), that its exa-
mination and discussion, by your learned readers,
may throw more light upon my humble endeavour
to elucidate a passage which seems to have been
darkened " by a multitude of words."

The solution I propose is an extract from my
MS. annotations on the Hebrew Old Testament,
and forms a portion of a note on Habakkuk ii. 11.
It will be desirable, for the readier comprehension
of my exposition, to give the original, with a literal
translation, of the verse alluded to :

pyrn -ppo pa >a
: mjjr j»y» d^ddi

" For the [Ebhen~\ stone shall cry out of the wall,
And the [Caphis] fastening shall testify out of the
timber."*

This verse has passed into a proverb amongst
the Jews in every part of the world. It is in-
variably quoted to express the impossibility of
secrecy or concealment; or to intimate the in-
evitable publicity of a certain fact. In short, the
proverb implies the same meaning which our
Lord's answer to the Pharisees expressed, viz.,
" If these should hold their peace, the stones
would immediately cry out" (Luke xix. 40.).
I have myself heard the words under note used
as a proverb, in this manner, amongst the Jews
of Europe, Asia, and Africa. I am, moreover,
inclined to believe that it was already one of the
national proverbs in the days of our Lord.

All this may appear irrelevant to the critical
exposition of this verse ; but the consideration
may help to clear up an apparently obscure pas-
sage in the New Testament, namely, Matt. xvi.
16-19. When Simon made the declaration in
verse 16., "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the
living God," he might have thought of or ex-
pressed the inspired proverb :

pym ^pn p« »3

" For the \_Ebhen\ stone shall cry out of the wall,
And the [Cap/its'] fastening shall testify it out of the
timber."

. * See also the marginal readings.

Thinking, or expressing, that concealment of the
Messiahship of Jesus was impracticable.

" And Jesus [to whom word, thought, and deed
were alike patent] answered and said unto him.
Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona ; for flesh and blood
hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which
is in heaven. And I say also unto thee, That thou art
Caphis ; and upon the Ebhen I will build my Church,
and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And
I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of
heaven : and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth, shall
be bound in heaven," &c.

The play (if so common an expression might be
used in so sacred a theme) is not on the word
Peter, but on the word D^DD (Caphis), which sig-
nifies a rafter, a cross beam, a binder ; or, as the
margin (on Habak. ii. 11.) has it, "a fastener,'*
from the verb DSD (Caplias), to bind, to connect,
to join.

That our Lord never used the Greek word
av el Tlerpos all must admit ; that Kycpas is not the
Syriac word for stone is well known to every
Oriental scholar. The proper Syriac word for
stone is KQK3. However, there is a resemblance
between the respective words, which may have
been the origin of Simon's second surname — I
mean to that of Cephas — Peter.

The import of Matt. xvi. 16-19. seems to me to
be this : Christ acknowledges Simon to be part
and parcel of the house, the Church ; nay, more.
He tells Simon that He intends him to be a
" master-builder," to join, or bind, many mem-
bers to that Church, all of which would be owned
of Him. But the Church itself must be built
upon the Ebhen, the Stone ; by which Jesus evi-
dently alluded to Ps. cxviii. 22. :

D^nn idxd pK
: rue wtrb rnvn

" The Ebhen which the builders refused
Is become the head stone of the corner."

(Compare Matt. xxi. 42.)

May I ask whether the words o epfj.7]vevrcu Tlerpos
are to be considered as the words of St. John, or
of his transcribers ? The question may appear
startling to some, but my copy of the Syriac New
Testament is minus that sentence.

Moses Margoliouth.

Wybunbury, Nantwich.

EPITAPHS, ETC.

Epitaphs. — There is, or was, one at Pisa which
thus concludes :

" Doctor doctorum jacet hac Burgundius urna,
Schema Magistrorum, laudahilis et diuturna ;
Dogma poetarum cui littera Graeca, Latina,
Ars Medicinarum patuit sapientia trina.

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

369

Et nunc Pisa, dole, tristeris Thuscia tota,
Nullus sub sole est cui sic sunt omnia nota.
Rursus ab Angelico ccetu super aera vectum
Nuper et Angelico, ca-lo gaude te receptum.
Ann. Dom. mclxxxxiiii. hi Calend. Novembr."
Nearer home, in Shoreditch churchyard :

" Sacred to the memory of Sarah Micci, who de-
parted this life April 7th, 1819, aged 50 years.
Memento judicii mei, sic enim erit mihi heri, tibi
hodie."

Not far from this is the following laconic one :

" Dr. John Gardner's last and best bed-room, who
departed this life the 8th of April, 1835, in his 84th
year."

Which reminds me of one at Finedon :

" Here lyeth Richard Dent,
In his last tenement.
1709."

B. H. C.

Curious Inscription (Vol. iv., p. 88.). — In the
first edition of Imperatorum Ro/nanorum Numis-
mata Aurea, by De Bie, Antwerp, 1615, at the
foot of a page addressed M Ad Lectorem," and
marked c. ii., are the following verses, which may
be noted as forming a pendant to those referred
to:

ri R S D D

* Sc ptorum erum ummorum espice icta

ul V N R P

st Qu R I NIT

I a idem isu aciemus am nde acebunt."

11 F V F I V PI

Signed " C. Hjettuok."

W. H. Scott.

Edinburgh.

Epitaph in Lavenham Church, Norfolk. —

" Continuall prayse these lynes in brass
Of Allaine Dister here,
Clothier vertuous whyle he was
In Lavenham many a yeare ;
For as in lyfe he loved best
The poore to clothe and feede,
Soe with the riche and alle the reste,
He neighbourlie agreed ;
And did appoint before he died,
A smalle yearlie rent,
"Which would be every Whitsuntide
Among the poorest spent."

I send you this copy from a nibbing of a quaint
epitaph, made in the beautiful old church of
Lavenham many years since, with a view to put-
ting a Query as to its construction. The first
two lines, as I read them, want a verb, unless we
read the conclusion of the first line as a verb, to
in-brasse (i. e. to record in brass). Can any of
your readers give me an authority, from an old
author, for the use of this or any similar verb ?

To in-grain seems somewhat like it, but is modern.
If no authority for such a verb can be given, I
should be glad to have the construction of the
lines explained. A. B. K.

Belmont.

THE RIGBT CORRESPONDENCE.

[In "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 203. 264. 349.,
mention is made of this correspondence. The letters,
of which the following are copies, were sold as waste
paper, and are in my possession. They appear to have
been written by the Rt. Hon. Richard Rigby, Master
of the Rolls in Ireland, and relate to the appointment
of an Examiner in the Chancery in the year 1783.

James F. Ferguson. J

Dublin.

St. James's Place,
24th May, 1783.
My dear Lord,

I return you many thanks for your two letters
of ye 10th and 11th inst., and for the trouble you
are so obliging as to take on y° business of the
Examiner's Office. I have found a copy of an
appointment of an Examiner transmitted to me by
Lodge in the year 1762, and I send you Mr. Me-
redith's appointment upon the stamp'd paper you
inclosed to me. If that appointment will not
answer, or if the stamp is not a proper one, as you
seem to hint may be the case, I must desire you to
tell Mr. Perry to make out a proper appointment
and send it over ready for my signature. I shou'd
hope the one I send herewith will answer, that you
may have no further trouble. I perceive five
hundred pounds English was ye sum I receiv'd in
1762 ; and I imagine that is the sum Mr. Mere-
dith proposes to give now, and to which I give
my consent.

I thank you for inquiring after my health ; my
fits of the gout are not very violent, but I am
very glad you never have any of them. Pray
make my best compts to Scott, and tell him that I
din'd yesterday at Streatham with Macnamara,
who is getting better, notwithstanding the weather
here is as cold as at Christmas.

I am, my dear Lord, with all possible regard,
your most sincere friend and oblig'd humble
servant,

BlCHARD BlGBY.

Your stamp'd paper was not large enough, but
my servant found a stamp'd paper at Lincoln's
Inn.

St. James's Place,
9th June, 1783.
My dear Lord,
Ten thousand thanks for all the trouble you are
so kind (as) to take in my affairs ; this day I re-
ceiv'd yours of the 31st May, with the bill in-

370

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

closed for 498?. 2s. 5d. If the instrument I sent
over should not be satisfactory, I will sign any
new deed which shall be sent me for the purpose.

I have not much acquaintance wth Lord Nor-
thington ; but seeing him at St. James's the day
he took leave of the King, I wish'd him success
in his new government, and took the liberty to
mention your name to him as ye person in the
whole kingdom whose advice would be most be-
neficial to him. I told him I asked no favour of
him but one, which was to recollect what I then
said to him if he should have occasion to call upon
you for advice and assistance hereafter, when he
would find it for his great satisfaction to be well
founded.

I am, my dear Lord, your most obliged and
faithful humble servant,

Richard Rigbt.

To the Rt. Honorable Lord Ch.
Justice Paterson, at Dublin.

Free, R. Rigby.

THE WATCDERING BEE.

" High mountains closed the vale,
Bare, rocky mountains, to all living things
Inhospitable ; on whose sides no herb
Rooted, no insect fed, no bird awoke
Their echoes, save the eagle, strong of wing ;

A lonely plunderer, that afar

Sought in the vales his prey.

" Thither towards those mountains Thalaba
Advanced, for well he ween'd that there had Fate
Destined the adventure's eud.
Up a wide vale, winding amid their depths,
A stony vale between receding heights
Of stone, he wound his way.
A cheerless place ! The solitary Bee,
Whose buzzing was the only sound of life,
Flew there on restless wing,
Seeking in vain one blossom, where to fix."

Thalaba, book vi. 12, 13.

This incident of the wandering bee, highly
poetical, seems at first sight very improbable, and
passes for one of the many strange creations of
this wild poem. But yet it is quite true to
nature, and was probably suggested to Southey,
an omnivorous reader, by some out-of-the-way
book of travels.

In Hurton's Voyage to Lapland, vol. ii. p. 251.,
published a few years since, he says that as he
stood on the verge of the North Cape, —

" The only living creature that came near me was a
bee, which hummed merrily by. What did the busy
insect seek there? Not a blade of grass grew, and the
only vegetable matter on this point was a cluster of
withered moss at the very edge of the awful precipice,

and it I gathered at considerable risk as a memorial of
my visit."

So in Fremont's Exploring Expedition to the
Rocky Mountains, 1842, p. 69., he speaks of stand-
ing on the crest of the snow peak, 13,570 feet
above the Gulf of Mexico, and adds :

" During our morning's ascent, we had met no sign
of animal life, except the small sparrow-like bird
already mentioned. A stillness the most profound, and
a terrible solitude, forced themselves constantly on the
mind as the great features of the place. Here on the-
summit, where the stillness was absolute, unbroken by
any sound, and the solitude complete, we thought our-
selves beyond the region of animated life : but while
we were sitting on the rock, a solitary bee (Bromus, the
humble bee) came winging his flight from the eastern
valley, and lit on the knee of one of the men.

" It was a strange place, the icy rock and the highest
peak of the Rocky Mountains, for a lover of warm
sunshine and flowers ; and we pleased ourselves with
the idea that he was the first of his species to cross the
mountain barrier, a solitary pioneer to foretell the ad-
vance of civilisation. I believe that a moment's thought
would have made us let him continue his way unharmed,
but we carried out the law of this country, where all
animated nature seems at war; and seizing him imme-
diately, put him in at least a fit place, in the leaves of
a large book, among the flowers we had collected on
our wav."

A. B.

Philadelphia.

delator iSota*.

Tippet. — The origin of words signifying ar-
ticles of dress would be a curious subject for in-
vestigation. Tippet is derived by Barclay from
the Saxon tappet; but I find the following pas-
sage in Captain Erskine's Journal of his recent
Cruise in the Western Pacific, p. 36. He is
writing of the dress of the women at the village of
Feleasan, in the Samoan Islands :

" And occasionally a garment (tiputa) resembling a
small poncho, with "a slit for the head, hanging so as-
decently to conceal the bosom."

May we not trace here both the article and the
name? W. T. M.

Ridings and Chaffings. — A singular custom
prevails in South Nottinghamshire and North
Leicestershire. When a husband, forgetting his
solemn vow to love, honour, and keep his wife,
has had recourse to physical force and beaten her,
the rustics get up what is called " a riding." A
cart is drawn through the village, having in it two
persons dressed so as to resemble the woman and
her master. A dialogue, representing the quarrel^
is carried on, and a supposed representation of
the beating is inflicted. This performance is

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

371

always specially enacted before the offender's
door.

Another, and perhaps less objectionable, mode
of shaming men out of a brutal and an unmanly
practice, is to empty a sack of chaff at the
offender's door, — an intimation, I suppose, that
thrashing has been " done within." Perhaps this
latter custom gave rise to the term ■ chaffing."
Thirty years ago both these customs were very
common in this locality ; but, either from an im-
proved tone of morality, or from the comparative
rarity of the offence that led to them, both ridings
and chaffings are now of very rare occurrence.

Can any reader of " N. & Q." inform me whether
these customs have prevailed, or still prevail, in
other counties ? Thomas R. Potter.

Wymeswold, Leicestershire.

Henry of Huntingdon's " Letter to Walter" —
Mr. Forester (Bonn's Antiquarian Library) de-
cides, in opposition to Wharton and Hardy, that
this epistle was written in 1135, during the life-
time of Henry I., and there can be no doubt that
the passage he quotes bears him out in this ; but
it is not less certain that, whether owing to the
death of the friend to whom the letter was ad-
dressed, or from a wholesome fear of the resent-
ment of that king who is so roughly handled in it,
the publication was deferred long enough for the
author to reinforce by a few " modern instances "
of more recent date, the " wise saws " which are
so plentifully diffused through it : for instance, at
p. 313. he mentions the death of Louis VI. of
France, which occurred 1st August, 1137, twenty
months after the death of Henry. And it is pro-
bable that a closer search than I have the means
of making, would reveal other instances of a like
nature, though this is sufficient by itself.

After all, is it not possible that the worthy
archdeacon (like Bolingbroke at a future day)
may have antedated his letter to give himself an
air of boldness and independence beyond what he
really possessed ? This would account not only
for the references to later occurrences, but for the
accurate fulfilment of the prophecy which he
quotes about the duration of the reign of Henry I.

J. S. Warden.

Arthuriana. — List of places designated with
traditional reference to King Arthur. {To be
continued.)

In Cornwall :

King Arthur's Castle. Nutagel.

King Arthur's Hall. An oblong inclosure on the

moors, near Camelford.
King Arthur's bed. A slab of granite with pack-
shaped piece for bolster, on Trewortha tor.

S. R. Pattison.

Encyclopedia of Indexes^ or Tables of Contents.
— I should like your opinion, and that of the

readers of " N. & Q.," as to the desirableness and
practicability of forming a collection of the indexes
of those books most commonly required to be re-
ferred to by authors and scholars. In reading up
on any subject, when it is wished to know whether
any author treats upon it, mainly or incidentally,
his works must be examined at a great expense
of time and labour. Perhaps some of your learned
readers will express their views as to the value of
such a thesaurus, and give suggestions as to the
principles which ought to regulate its execution.
Thinks I to Myself.

Errata in Nichols1 " Collectanea Topographica
et Genealogical — Works of this kind, unless
strictly accurate, cause great perplexity and con-
fusion, and are indeed of little use. I therefore
wish to note in your pages that at vol. viii. p. 38.
of the above work it is stated that Babington
" married Juliana, daughter of Sir Thomas Howe,
Alderman of London."" Harl. MSS. 1174. p. 89.,
1551. p.28., 1096. p. 71., inform us that Julian
Rowe, daughter of Sir William Rowe, who was
Lord Mayor of London in 1592, married Francis
Babington. Sir William and Sir Thomas were
first cousins. In the same page Sir Thomas Rowe
is stated to have died in 1612; on his tomb we
are told that he died in 1570. Tee Bee.

genesis iv. 7.

Can any of your learned Hebraists elucidate the
passage in Gen. iv. 7., which called forth the fol-
lowing remarks from Bishop Sandford ?

" As yet I cannot abandon the literal interpretation
of the words f21 DNJin nriSp, and I am much sur-
prised that, in all the criticism bestowed on this verse
by Davison and the authors whom he quotes, nothing
is said of the word nHD. I do not know of any place
in Holy Scripture where this word is used figuratively,
and unless this can be shown, there is no supporting
so strong a metaphor as the advocates of the figurative
meaning of the passage contend for. Davison takes

no notice of the remainder of the verse Now

the words are remarkable ; they are the same as those
in which the Lord declares the suhjection of Eve to
her husband, Gen. iii. 16. I have always thought this
passage (Gen. iv. 7.) to allude to Abel; and to pro-
mise to Cain the continuance of the priority of primo-
geniture, if he were reconciled to God." — Remains of
Bishop Sandford, vol. i. p. 13 J.

With respect to the word nriQ, the literal inter-
pretation of which is a door, entrance, or gate,
Archbishop Magee renders the passage thus : "A
sin-offering lieth before or at the door," the word
f*2") implying to crouch or lie down as an animal ;
thereby alluding to the sacrifice which was ap-

372

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

pointed for the remission of sins, and was typical
of the great sacrifice of the Lamb of God, who
was to be slain for the sin of the world. The
whole verse would thus stand, according to Arch-
bishop Magee's interpretation :

" If thou doest well, slialt thou not have the excel-
lency or pre-eminence? and if thou doest not well, a
sin-offering lieth before the door [i. e. is prepared, or
at hand, for thee] ; and unto thee shall be his subjec-
tion, and thou shalt rule over him [i.e. over Abel]."

Luther's translation is at variance with this :

" Wenn du fro mm bist, so bist du angenehm ; bist
du aber nicht fromm, so ruhet die Siinde vor der Thur.
Aber lass du ihr nicht ihren Widen, sondern herrsche
uber sie."

In the margin of Luther's Bible is a reference
in this verse to Horn. vi. 12., plainly showing that
he considered it as an admonition to Cain to strug-
gle against sin, lest it should gain the dominion
over him.

Bishop Sandford farther observes :

" I think that neither Davison nor the other com-
mentators have completely examined Gen. iv. 7. in all
its expressions and bearings. I am surprised at Ma-
gee's omitting the argument from St. Paul's declar-
ation, that by his irXeiaivduaia Abel obtained witness
that he was righteous. .... I must repeat my wish
to have the word nriQ well examined."

A. B. C.

P. S. — Dr. Glocester Ridley (quoted by Bishop
Van Mildert, in the notes to his Boyle Lectures)
takes the view afterwards adopted by Archbishop
Magee, as to the meaning of the passage. (See
The Christian Passover, in four sermons on the
Lord's Supper, by Glocester Ridley, 1742, p. 14.)

ROLAND THE BRAVE.

Can any of your readers and correspondents,
versed in " legendary lore," reconcile the two
different tales of which " Roland the Brave " is
the hero ? The one related in Mrs. Hemans's
beautiful ballad describes him as reported dead,
and that his fair one too rashly took the veil in
" Nonnenwerder's cloister pale," just before his
return. The story proceeds to tell how in grief
her lover sought the battle-field, and finally fell,
with other brave companions, at Roncesvalles.

I have been surprised, when perusing Dr.
Forbes's highly amusing narrative of his holiday
in Switzerland (pp. 28-9.), to find that he iden-
tifies Roland with the hero of Schiller's beautiful
ballad, who rejoiced in the unromantic appellation
of Ritter Toggenburg. That unhappy lover, ac-
cording to the poet, being rejected by his fair one,
who could only bestow on him a sister's affection,
sought the Holy Land in despair, and tried to
forget his grief; but returning again to breathe

the same air with his beloved, and finding her al-
ready a professed nun, built himself a hut, whence
he could see her at her convent window. Here
he watched day by day, as the poet beautifully
says ; and here he was found, dead, " still in the
attitude of the watcher."

" Blickte nach dem Kloster driiben,

Blickte Stunden lang
Nach dem Fenster seiner Lieben

Bis das Fenster klang,
Bis die Liebliche sich zeigte,

Bis das theure Bild
Sich in 's Thai herunter neigte

Ruhig, engelmild.
• - . • *

»' Und so sass er viele Tage

Sass vieP Jahre lang,
Harrend ohne Schmerz und Klage

Bis das Fenster klang,
Bis die Liebliche sich zeigte, &c. &c

" Unde so sass er, eine Leiche
Eines Morgens da,
Nach dem Fenster noch das bleiche
Stille Antlitz sah."

Was this Ritter Toggenburg, the hero of Schil-
ler's ballad, the nephew of Charlemagne, Roland,
who fell at Roncesvalles ? Is not Dr. Forbes in
error in ascribing the Ritter's fate to Roland?
Are they not two distinct persons ? Or is Mrs.
Hemans wrong in her version of the story ? I
only quote from memory :

" Roland the Brave, the brave Roland !
False tidings reach'd the Rhenish strand
That he had fall'n in fight I
And thy faithful bosom swoon'd with pain,
Thou fairest maid of Allemain.
Why so rash has she ta'en the veil
In yon Nonnenwerder's cloister pale ?
For the fatal vow was hardly spoken,
And the fatal mantel o'er her flung,
When the Drachenfels' echoes rung —
'Twas her own dear warrior's horn !

She died ; he sought the battle plain,
And loud was Gallia's wail,
When Roland, the flower of chivalry,
Fell at Roncesvalles I"

I shall be glad to have a clear idea of the true
Roland and his story. X. Y. Z.

CLAY TOBACCO-PIPES.

An amusing treatise might be written on
the variations in shape of the common tobacco-
pipe since its first introduction into the country.
Hundreds of specimens of old pipe-heads might
soon be procured, and especially in the neigh-
bourhood of London, where the same ground
has been tilled for gardening purposes perhaps

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

S73

some hundreds of years, and has received fresh
supplies year after year from the ash-bin and
dust-heap. I have about a dozen in my pos-
session, which probably belong to various periods
from the beginning of the seventeenth to the
end of the eighteenth century. The dearness of
tobacco in the early times of its use is evinced
by the smallness of the bowls, for many of them
would hold at most not half a thimbleful of to-
bacco ; while the shank, where it joins the bowl,
is nearly double the thickness of that in use at
the present day. If I recollect aright, the pipe as
represented in Hogarth seems but little larger in
the bowl than that in use a century before ; the
shape being in both the same, very much like that
of a barrel. The sides of the bowl seem formerly
to have been made of double or treble the thick-
ness of those now in use. This will account for
the good preservation in which they may be found
after having been in the ground one or two cen-
turies. The clay tobacco-pipe probably attained
its present size and slimness, and (very nearly) its
present shape, about the beginning of this cen-
tury. I am well aware that, by many, all this will
be esteemed as " in tenui labor," but, for my part,
I look upon no reminiscences of the past, however
humble, as deserving to be slighted or consigned to
oblivion. Even the humble tobacco-pipe may be
made the vehicle of some interesting information.
Will any of your correspondents favour your
other readers with some farther information on
this subject ? Henry T. Riley.

fflinav H&uttieg.

Cabinet : Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, Marquis
of Normanby, and Duke of Buckinghamshire. —
Can any reader refer me to a letter of the Duke
of Buckinghamshire's which I have read (but I
entirely forget where), written during the reign
of William III., and complaining of his exclusion
from the Cabinet? He was either Lord Nor-
manby or Lord Mulgrave when the letter was
written. C. H.

Bersethrigumnue. — In the Escheats, 23 Hen. III.
No. 20., quoted by Nichols in his History of Lei-
cestershire (vol. iii. parti., under "Cotes "), occurs
this unusual word. Gilbert de Segrave held the
manor of Cotes in socage of the king " by paying
yearly one bersethrigumnue." Will any reader of
"N. & Q." favour me with its etymology or
meaning ? I imagine it to have been a clerical
error for brachetum cum ligamine, a service by
which one of the earlier lords of Cotes held these
lands. Thomas Russell Potter.

Lady Jane Grey. — Neither Nichols in his His-
tory of Leicestershire, nor his equally eminent
grandson in his interesting Chronicle of Queen

Jane, nor, so far as I am aware, any other author,
mentions the place where the Lady Jane was
buried. The general belief is, I think, that her
body was interred with that of her husband in the
Tower. But a tradition has just been communi-
cated to me by the Rev. Andrew Bloxam, that
the body was privately brought from London by
a servant of the family, and deposited in the
chapel at Bradgate. What is the fact ?

Thomas Russell Potter.

Addison and Watts. — Can any of your nu-
merous readers inform me whether the hymn
" When rising from the bed of death," so generally
ascribed to Addison, and taken from the chapter
on death and judgment in his Evidences of the
Christian Religion, is his own composition, or that
of the "excellent man in holy orders;" and
whether this is Dr. Isaac Watts * S. M.

Lord Botelousfs Statue by Richard Hayware. —
The statue erected to Lord Boteloust by the
" Colony and Dominion of Virginia" was "made
in London, 1773, by Richard Hayware." I should
be obliged for information as to Mr. Hayware.

T. Balch.

Philadelphia.

Celtic in Devon. — When was the Celtic lan-
guage obsolete in the South Hams of Devon ?

G. R. L.

Knobstick. — In these days of strikes, turn-outs,
and lock-outs, we hear so much of " knobsticks,"
that I should like to know why this term has come
to be applied to those who work for less than
the wages recognised, or under other conditions
deemed objectionable by trades unions.

Prestoniensis.

Aristotle. — Where does Aristotle say that a
judge is a living law, as the Law itself is a dumb
judge ? H. P.

The Passion of our Lord dramatised. — Busby,
in his History of Music, vol. i. p. 249., says :

" It has been very generally supposed, that the
manner of reciting and singing in the theatres formed
the original model of the church service ; an idea
sanctioned by the fact, that the Passion of our Saviour
was dramatised by the early priests."

What authority is there for this statement ?

H. P.

Ludwell : Lunsford : Kemp. — Inscription on a
tombstone in the graveyard of the old church at
Williamsburgh :

" Under this marble lyeth the body of Thomas Lud-
well, Esq., Secretary of Virginia, who was born at
Burton, in the county of Somerset, in the kingdom of
England, and departed this life in the yenr 1698 : and
near this place lie the bodies of Richard Kemp, Esq.,

374

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

his predecessor in the secretary's office, and Sir Thomas
Lunsford, Knt., in memory of whom this marble is
here placed by Philip Ludwell, Esq., son of the said
Thomas Ludwell, Esq., in the year 1727."

Information is respectfully asked as to the
persons and families mentioned in the foregoing
inscription. Sir Thomas Lunsford is said to have
come from Surrey, and to have served during the
civil wars. Thomas Balch.

Philadelphia.

Linncean Medal. — Has any reader of " N. &
Q." in his possession a Linnsean medal ? I mean
the one by the celebrated Liungberger, ordered
by Gustavus III. in 1778. It is of great beauty,
and now very scarce : the following is a brief de-
scription.

It is of silver, two inches diameter. Obverse, a
portrait of the naturalist, very faithful and boldly
executed, yet with the utmost delicacy of finish.
The face is full of thought and feeling, and the
whole expression so spiritual, that this medallion
has a strange charm ; you keep looking at it again
and again. The inscription is,

" Car. Linnaeus, Arch. Reg. Equ. Auratus."
On the reverse is Cybele, surrounded by animals
and plants, holding a key and weeping. In-
scription, —

" Deam luctus angit amissi."

" Post Obitum Upsalias, D. X. Jan. mdcclxxviii.
Rege Jubente."

In the background is a bear, on whose back an
ape has jumped ; but the bear lies quietly, as if he
disdained the annoyance.

This was probably in reference to what he said
in the preface to his Sy sterna Natures : " I have
borne the derision of apes in silence," &c. Ad-
joining this are plants, and we recognise his own
favourite flower, the Lirmea borealis.

E. F. Woodman.

Lowth of Saivtrey : Robert Eden. — In the To-
pographer and Oenealogist, vol. ii. p. 495., I find
mention made of a monument at Cretingham in
Suffolk, to Margaret, wife of Richard Cornwallis,
and daughter of Lowth of Sawtrey, co. Hunts, who
died in 1603. The arms are stated to be — " Corn-
wallis and quarterings impaling Lowth and quar-
terings, Stearing, Dade, Bacon, Butter," &c.
Will some of your correspondents give me a fuller
account of these quarterings, and of the pedigree
of Lowth of Sawtrey, or especially of that branch
of it from which descended Robert Lowth, Bishop
successively of St. David's, Oxford, and London,
who was born in 1710, and died in 1787 ?

I should also be much obliged if any of your
readers would give me any information as to who
were the parents, and what the pedigree, of the
Rev. Robert Eden, Prebendary of Winchester, who

married Mary, sister of Bishop Lowth : was he
connected with the Auckland family, or with the
Suffolk family of Eden, lately mentioned in
" N. & Q. ? " The arms he bore were the same as
those of the former family — Gules, on a chevron
between three garbs or, banded vert, as many
escallops sable. R. E. C.

Gentile Names of the Jews. — The Query in
Vol. viii., p. 563., as to the Gentile names of the
Jews, leads me to inquire why it is that the Jews
are so fond of names derived from the animal
creation. Lyon or Lyons has probably some al-
lusion to the lion of the tribe of Judah, Hart to
the hind of Naphtali, and Wolf to Benjamin ; but
the German Jewish names of Adler, an eagle, and
Finke, a finch, cannot be so accounted for. The
German Hirsch is evidently the same name as the
English Hart, and the Portuguese names Lopez
and Aguilar are Lupus and Aquila, slightly dis-
guised. Is the origin of Mark, a very common
Jewish name, to be sought in the Celtic merch, a
horse ? Honore de Mareville.

Guernsey.

The Black Prince. — In Sir S. R. Meyrick's
Inquiry into Ancient Armour, vol. ii. p. 18., he
quotes Froissart as observing, after his account of
the battle of Poictiers, "Thus did Edward the
Black Prince, now doubly dyed black by the
terror of his arms." I have sought in vain for
this passage, or anything resembling it, in Johnes's
translation, nor can I find anywhere this appel-
lation as applied by Froissart to his favourite
hero. Can the passage be an interpolation of
Lord Berners ? J. S. Warden.

Maid of Orleans. — Can any one of your cor-
respondents tell who was DTsraeli's authority for
the following ? —

" Of the Maid of Orleans I have somewhere read,
that a bundle of faggots was substituted for her, when
she was supposed to have been burnt by the Duke of
Bedford." — Curiosities of Literature, vol. i. p. 312.

J. R. R.

Fawell Arms and Crest. — Could any .corre-
spondent tell me the correct arms and crest of
Fawell ? In Burke's General Armory they are
given : " Or, a cross moline gu., a chief dig." And
in Berry's Encyclopedia Heraldica : " Sa., a che-
veron between three escallop shells argent." In
neither work is a crest registered, and yet I be-
lieve there is one belonging to the family. Cid.

" Had I met thee in thy beauty." — Can you or
any of your correspondents inform me who is the
author of the poem commencing with the above
line, and where it may be found ? It is generally
supposed to be Lord Byron's, but cannot be
found in any of his published works. E. H.

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

375

Portrait of D. P. Tremesin. — Has there ever
been any portrait known to exist of one Dompe
Petor Tremesin, who is supposed to have been the
earliest equestrian who performed feats on horse-
back, and of whom mention is thus made in the
Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII.,
p. 218. :

" Paied to one Dompue Peter Tremesin, that dyd
ryde two horses at once, by wave of rewarde, C corons,
*'. e. 23/. 6s. 8d.''

J. W. G. G.

Edition of " Othello." — I shall feel much indebted
to Messrs. Collier, Singer, &c. for information
relative to an edition of Othello which was shown
to me in January, 1837, and had previously be-
longed to J. TV. Cole (Calcrafr.), Esq., then ma-
nager of the Theatre Royal, Dublin. It consisted
of the text (sometimes altered, I think) and notes
connected exclusively with astrology. There was,
if I remember rightly, a frontispiece representing
some of the characters, their heads, arms, bodies,
■and legs being dotted over with stars, as seen
in a celestial globe. It was published about the
year 1826, and was evidently not the first play of
Shakspeare published under similar circumstances;
for I recollect that when Brabantio first appears
at the window, a note informs the reader that "if
lie will refer to the diagram of Brabantio in the
frontispiece, he will discover, by comparison of
the stars in the two diagrams, that Brabantio
corresponds with " a character in another play of
Shakspeare, the name of which I forget. Mr.
Cole is now in London, and connected with one
of the leading theatres. I do not know his ad-
dress. M. A.

Prospect House, Clerkcnwell. — Will any of
your correspondents learned in old London topo-
graphy inform me when the " Prospect House, or
Dobney's Bowling Green," Clerkenwell, ceased to
be a place of amusement ; and where any account
is to be found of one Wildman, who is said to
have exhibited his bees there in 1772. (Vide
Mirror, vol. xxxiv. p. 107.) And in what con-
sisted this exhibition ? Also, if any other plate of
the Three Hats public-house, Islington, exists than
that in the Gentleman's Magazine f Also, if there
exists any portrait of Mrs. Sampson, said to have
been the first female equestrian performer, and
Life of Sampson, who used also to perform at the
gardens behind the Three Hats ? J. W. G. G.

Ancient Family of Widderington. — In an old
Prayer Book, now before me, I find this entry : —
"Ralph Witherington was married to Mary Smith
the 13th day of Nov. in the year of our Lord 1703,
at seaven o'clock in the morning, Sunday." Then
follow the dates of the births of a numerous progeny.
Can any of your readers tell me who these parties
were, or any particulars about them ? The early

hour of a winter morning seems strange. Some
of the children settled in Dublin, and intermar-
ried with good Irish families ; but from the entry
in another part of the volume, in an older hand, of
" Ralph Witharington of ILiuxley, in the parish
of Warqurth, in the county of Northumberland,"
the family appear previously to have lived in
England.

I have never been able to find the motto of the
Widderingtons. Their arms are, of course, well
known, viz., Quarterly, argent and gules, a bend
sable ; crest, a bull's head : but I have never seen
their legend. W. X.

P. S. — The marriage is not entered in the
registers of Warkworth. It may be in some of
the records (of the city) of Dublin. I have seen
the motto " Veritas Victrix " appended to a coat
of arms, in which the Widderington shield had a
place ; but it was believed to belong to the name
of Mallet in one of the quarters.

Value of Money in the Seventeenth Century. —
What are the data for comparing the value of
money in the seventeenth century with its present
value? What may 1000Z. in 1640, in 1660, in
1680, be considered equivalent to now ? C. H.

&ut0r <&\xzxit£ tut'tfi ^nSfcontf.

Ruin near St. Asaph, North Wales. — About
two miles from Sc. Asaph, in Flintshire, near to a
beautiful trout stream, called, I think, the Elway,
stands an old ruin of some ecclesiastical edifice.
There is not very much of it now standing, but
the form of the windows still exists. I have in
vain looked in handbooks of the county for an
account of it, but I have seen none that allude to
it in any way. It is very secluded, being hidden
by trees ; and can only be approached by a foot-
path. In the centre of the edifice, there is a
well of most beautiful water, supplied from some
hidden spring ; and from the bottom of which
bubbles of gas are constantly ascending to the sur-
face. The "well is divided by a large stone into
two parts, one evidently intended for a bath. The
peasantry in the neighbourhood call it the Virgin
Mary's Well, and ascribe the most astonishing
cures to bathing in its waters. I could not, how-
ever, find out what it was. Some said it was a
nunnery, and that the field adjoining had been a
burial-ground ; but all seemed remarkably igno-
rant about it, and seemed rather to avoid speaking
about it ; but, from what I could gather, there
was some wild legend respecting it : but, being
unacquainted with the language, I could not learn
what it was. I should feel obliged if any of your
correspondents could give me a description of it,
and any information or legend connected with it.
Near to it are the celebrated " Kaffen Rocks," which

376

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

show undoubted evidence, from the shells and
shingle embedded in their strata, of having at
some period been submerged ; and the caverns
■which exist in them are very large, and bones of
hyenas and other animals are to be found in them.
They are, however, very difficult to find without
a guide, and there are very few persons in the
neighbourhood who seem to know anything about
them. They are very well worthy of a visit, and
the surrounding scenery is beautiful in the ex-
treme. I shall be happy to put any person in the
way of finding them, should a desire be expressed
in your pages. Investigator.

Manchester.

[This is Fynnon Vair, or " the Well of Our Lady,"
situated in a richly-wooded dell near the river Elwy,
in the township of Wigvair. This well, which is in-
closed in a polygonal basin of hewn stone, beautifully
and elaborately sculptured, discharges about 100 gal-
lons per minute: the water is strongly impregnated with
lime, and was formerly much resorted to as a cold
bath. Adjoining the well are the ruins of an ancient
cruciform chapel, which, prior to the Reformation, was
a chapel of ease to St. Asaph, in the later style of
English architecture : the windows, which are of hand-
some design, are now nearly concealed by the ivy
which has overspread the building; and the ruin,
elegant in itself, derives additional interest from the
beauty of its situation. See Lewis's Wales, and Beau-
ties of England and Wales, vol. xvii. p. 550.]

Wafers. — When and where were wafers in-
vented ? They were no new discovery when
Labat saw some at Genoa in 1706; but from a
passage in his Voyages aVEspagne et Italie, pub-
lished in 1731, it would appear that they were
even then unknown in France. A writer in the
Quarterly Review says :

•* We have in our possession letters with the wafers
still adhering, which went from Lisbon to Rome
twenty years before that time ; and Stolberg observes
that there are wafers and wafer-seals in the museum at
Portici."

Abhba.

[Respecting the antiquity of wafers, Beckmann, in
his History of Inventions, vol. i. p. 146. (Bonn's edition),
has the following notice : " M. Spiess has made an ob-
servation which may lead to farther researches, that
the oldest seal with a red wafer he has ever yet found,
is on a letter written by D. Krapf at Spires, in the
year 1624, to the government of Bayreuth. M. Spiess
has found also that some years after, Forstenhausser,
the Brandenburg factor at Nuremberg, sent such
■wafers to a bailiff at Osternohe. It appears, however,
that wafers were not used during the whole of the
seventeenth century in the chancery of Brandenburg,
but only by private persons, and by these even seldom,
because, as Speiss says, people were fonder of Spanish
wax. The first wafers with which the chancery of
Bayreuth began to make seals were, according to an
expense account of the year 1705, sent from Nurem-

berg. The use of wax, however, was still continued,
and among the Plassenburg archives there is a rescript
of 1722, sealed with proper wax. The use of wax
must have been continued longer in the Duchy of
Weimar ; for in the Electa Juris Publici there is an
order of the year 1716, by which the introduction of
wafers in law matters is forbidden, and the use of wax
commanded. This order, however, was abolished by
Duke Ernest Augustus in 1742, and wafers again in-
troduced."]

Asgill on Translation to Heaven. — The Irish
House of Commons, in 1703, expelled a Mr. As-
gill from his seat for his book asserting the possi-
bility of translation to the other world without
death. What is the title of his book ? and where
may I find a copy ? Abhba.

[This work, published anonymously, is entitled,
" An Argument proving that, according to the Cove-
nant of Eternal Life revealed in the Scriptures, Man
may be translated from hence into that Eternal Life
without passing through Death, although the Humane
Nature of Christ Himself could not be thus translated
till He had passed through Death," a.d. 1700. No name
of bookseller or printer. It may be seen at the British
Museum or Bodleian. This work raised a consider-
able clamour, and Dr. Sacheverell mentioned it among
other blasphemous writings which induced him to
think the Church was in danger.]

Ancient Custom at Coleshill. — I have some-
where seen it stated, that there is an ancient
custom at Coleshill, in Warwickshire, that if the
young men of the town can catch a hare, and
bring it to the parson of the parish before ten
o'clock on Easter Monday, he is bound to give
them a calf's head and a hundred eggs for their
breakfast, and a groat in money. Can you inform
me whether this be the fact ? And if so, what is
the origin of the custom ? Abhba.

[The custom is noticed in Blount's Ancient Tenures,
by Beckwith, edit. 1684, p. 286. The origin of it
seems to be unknown.]

&£ulfc3.

THE SONGS OF DEGREES.

(Vol. ix., p. 121.)

Too much pains cannot be expended on the
elucidation of the internal structure of the Psalms.
In this laudable endeavour, your correspondent
T. J. Buckton has, as I conceive, fallen into an
error. He assumes that those Psalms which are
entitled " Songs of Degrees " were appropriated
for the domestic use rather than the public ser-
vices of the Jews. I cannot consider that the
allusions to external objects which he enumerates
could affect the argument ; for, on the other hand,
we find mention of the House of the Lord (cxxii.

Apkil 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

377

1.9., cxxvii. 1., cxxxii. 3. 7., cxxxiv. 1.); the
sanctuary (cxxxiv. 2.) ; the priests (cxxxii. 9.) ;
and the singers (cxxxiv. 1.), who attended by-
night as well as by day (1 Chron. ix. 33.) : allu-
sions which would sufficiently warrant these
Psalms being considered as connected with the
temple worship.

The name Shir Hammachaloth, " Song of As-
cents," prefixed to these fifteen Psalms, has given
rise to much controversy. The different opinions
as to the import of this title may be thus stated :
1. The ancients understood it to relate to the
steps of the temple : of this supposition I shall
speak hereafter. 2. Luther, whom Tholuck is
inclined to follow, renders it a song in the higher
choir ; intimating that they should be sung from
an elevated position, or, as Patrick says, "in
an elevated voice." 3. Junius and Tremellius
would translate it " Song of Excellences," or
" Excellent Song." 4. Gesenius, with De Wette,
considers that this name refers to a particular
rhythm, in which the sense ascends in a rhythming
gradation ; but as this barely appears in one Psalm
(cxxi.), the facts will scarcely support the hypo-
thesis. 5. The more modern opinion is, that
(notwithstanding four of them being composed by
David, and one by Solomon) it signifies " Song
of the Ascents" (ava$a<rts), or "Pilgrims' Song,"
being composed for or sung by the people during
their journeys to Jerusalem, whether on their re-
turn from the Babylonian captivity, or as they
statedly repaired to their national solemnities.

The first of these hypotheses, though in least
repute, I am inclined to prefer.

The title in Chaldee is " A Song sung upon the
Steps of the Abyss;" the Septuagint superscrip-
tion "'ns^ twv ava$a9/jav:" and the Vulgate, carmen
graduum, " Song of the Steps." In accordance
with which the Jewish writers state, that these
Psalms were sung on fifteen steps leading from
the Atrium Israelis to the court of the women. In
the apocryphal book of the "Birth of Mary,"
translated by Archbishop Wake, which is to be
found in the works of St. Jerome, and which is
attributed to St. Matthew, there is an account of
a miracle in the early history of the Virgin Mary,
in which it is said (ch. iv.) :

" 2. And there were about the temple, according to
the fifteen Psalms of Degrees, fifteen stairs to ascend.

" 3. For the temple being built in a mountain, the
altar of burnt-offering, which was without, could not
be come near but by stairs."

It goes on to state how the infant Mary miracu-
lously walked up these stairs. In the account of
the same miracle, in the Protevangelion, ascribed
to St. James, it is related (ch. vii.) how the
priest —

" 5. . . placed her (the infant) upon the third step
of the altar."

From this comparison it would appear, that the
" stairs about the temple" were synonymous with
the " steps of the altar."

I would therefore suggest, for the consideration
of those better acquainted with the subject, that
these Psalms were adapted to be sung (not on the
steps, as some think, but) as a kind of introit
while the priests ascended the steps of the altar.

To show their adaptation for this purpose, it
may be worth remarking, that they are all, except
cxxxii., introits in the first Prayer Book of Ed-
ward VI. J. R. G.

Dublin.

AMERICAN POEMS IMPUTED TO ENGLISH AUTHORS.

(Vol.viii., pp. 71. 183.)

The southern part of the U. S. seems to make
as free with the reputations of English authors, as
the northern with their copyright. The name of
the South Carolina newspaper, which, with so
much confirmatory evidence, ascribed The Calm
to Shelley, is not given. If it was the Southern
Literary Messenger, the editor has been at it again.
The following began to appear in the English
papers about Christmas last, and is still " going the
round :"

" The Sorrows of "Werther. — The Southern Lite-
rary Messenger (U. S.) for the present month contains,
in ' The Editor's Table,' the following comic poem of
Thackeray's ; written, we are told, ' one morning last
spring in the Messenger office,' during a call made by
the author : —

• Werther had a love for Charlotte,

Sucli as words could never utter.
Would you know how first he met her?
She was cutting bread and butter.

' Charlotte was a married lady,

And a moral man was Werther ;
And for all the wealth of Indies,

Would do nothing that might hurt her.

* So he sigh'd, and pined, and ogled,

And his passion boil'd and bubbled,
Till he blew his silly brains out,

And no more by them was troubled.

' Charlotte, having seen his body
Borne before her on a shutter,
Like a well-conducted person,

Went on cutting bread and butter.' "

I believe that Mr. Thackeray knows the value
of his writings and his time too well to whittle at
verses in the Messenger office, and leave his chips
on the floor ; and that he is too observant of the
laws of fair wit to make a falsification and call it
a burlesque. The Sorrows of Werther is not so
popular as when known here chiefly by a wretched
version of a wretched French version ; and many
who read these stanzas will be satisfied that the

378

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

last conveys, at worst, a distorted notion of the
end of Gothe's story. To prevent this misappre-
hension, I quote from Mr. Boylan's translation all
that is told of Charlotte after Werther's suicide :

" The servant ran for a surgeon, and then went to
fetch Albert. Charlotte heard the ringing of the bell ;
a cold shudder seized her. She wakened her husband,
and they both rose. The servant, bathed in tears,
faltered forth the dreadful news. Charlotte fell senseless
at Albert's feet.

" The steward and his sons followed the corpse to
the grave. Albert was unable to accompany them.
Charlotte's life was despaired of."

Perhaps " despaired of" is too strong a word
for " man furchtete fur Lottens Leben ;" but there
is no peg on which to hang the poor joke of the
last stanza. H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

"feather in your cap."
(Vol. ix., p. 220.)

In reply to Mr. Gatty's question, I beg to
state that the Indian wears an eagle's feather for
every enemy he has slain. I have seen a boy of
fifteen thus decorated, and was assured that it
had been lawfully won.

The feather is usually stuck into the hinder part
of the turban, or head-dress, and either projects
straight out, or hangs down the back. This is
exactly the fashion in which the Chinese wear the
peacock's feather ; and it also is a mark of dis-
tinction for warriors, a military institution similar
to our knighthood, or, perhaps, what knighthood
once was. (See De Guignes and Barrow, &c.) I
think M'Kenzie speaks of the eagle's feather, but
cannot quote just now. According to Elphin-
stone, the "Caufirs of Caubul" (Siah-posh?) stick
a long feather in their turbans for every Mussul-
man they have slain.

The similarity of style in wearing their feathers,
and, above all, the coincidence of both being the
reward of merit, induces a belief that in times
long gone by a relationship may have existed be-
tween the Chinese and the American; a belief that
is strengthened by other and more curious testi-
mony than even this.

The head-dress, or coronet of upright feathers,
to which Mr. Gatty seems to allude, I have never
heard of, as associated with warlike deeds. The
coronet of feathers, moreover, does not appear to
have been peculiar to America. In the Athenaeum
for 1844 is given the representation of a naval en-
gagement, in which one party of the combatants
" wear head-dresses of feathers, such as are de-
scribed in ancient Hindu records, and such as the
Indian Caciques wore when America was disco-
vered by Columbus," &c. (p. 172.). Moreover,

"the Lycians had caps adorned with crests, stuck
round with feathers," &c. (Mey rick's Ancient Ar-
mour, Sfc, vol. i. p. xviii.) We may suppose this to
have resembled the coiffure of the Mexican and
other North American tribes.

Mr. Rankin says the Peruvian Incas wore, as a
distinction, two plumes on the front of the head,
similar to those represented in the portraits of
Tamerlane. (See Conquest by the Mogols, Sfc,
p. 175.) I have seen, among the Wyandots of
Sandusky, heads which one might suppose had
been the originals of the portraits given in his
plate : turban made of gaudy-coloured silk, with
two short thick feathers stuck upright in front ;
the one red, the other white tipped with blue, the
great desideratum being to have them of different
colours, as strongly contrasted as possible.

The Kalmucs, when they celebrate any great
festival, always wear coloured owls' feathers in
their caps, &c. (See Strahlenburg, 4to., p. 434.)
The Dacotas also wear owls' feathers. (See Long's
Expedition to Rocky Mountains, vol. i. p. 161.)
The Usbeck Tartar chiefs wore (perhaps do wear)
plumes of herons' feathers in their turbans ; and
the herons' plume of the Ottoman sultan is only
a remnant of the costume in which their ancestors
descended from Central Asia. A. C. M.

Exeter.

PERSPECTIVE.

(Vol. ix., p. 300.)

Your correspondent Mr. G. T. Hoare is rather
bold in describing the case he does as a " very
common error ;" and I cannot agree with him
that the facade of Sennacherib's Palace (Layard's
2nd book on Nineveh) is an instance of the kind.
The theory that horizontal lines in the plane of
the picture should converge to a point on the
horizontal line right and left of the visual ray, is
by no means new ; in truth, every line according
to this view must form the segment of a circle
more or less, according to circumstances. Apply
this principle to the vertical lines of a tower or
lofty building, and every such structure must be
represented diminished at the top, the vertical
lines converging to a vanishing point in the sky.

Some years since, this theory was brought for-
ward by Mr. Parsey, and the subject fully dis-
cussed at scientific meetings. There was much
ingenuity in the arguments employed, but the
illustrations were so unsatisfactory that the system
has never gained ground. The principles of
perspective are most ably exemplified in many
well-known works, as they set forth very satisfac-
tory modes of delineation. The limits of your
periodical prevent a fuller correspondence on this
subject, or I think it would not be difficult to

ArniL 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

379

satisfy Mb. Hoaee that there are great difficulties
attending his proposition.

No recent discoveries in the art of perspective
have tended to more truthful representations than
those produced by the recognised systems usually
adopted. The method of showing the internal
courts, &c. of large groups of buildings by isome-
trical perspective, although very useful for de-
veloping architects' and engineers' projects, is not
a system that will bear the test of close examin-
ation. Benj. Febeey.

G. T. Hoaee is quite right in saying "that
every line above or below the line of the horizon,
though really parallel to it, apparently approaches
it, as it is produced to the right or left." But he
seems to forget that the same holds good in the
picture as in the original landscape, the part
opposite the eye being nearer to it than the
margin of the paper. To produce the same effect
with converging lines, the drawing must be made
to assume the form of a segment of a circle, the
eye being placed in the centre.

John P. Stilwell.

Dorking.

I must beg leave to differ most decidedly with
Me. G. T. Hoaee on this point. If it is in ac-
cordance with the principles of perspective that,
supposing the eye and the picture in their true
positions in relation to each other and to the
objects represented, every line drawn from the eye
to any point of a real object will pass through its
corresponding point in the picture, then the sup-
posed wall will form the base of a pyramid, of
which the eye will be the apex, and the repre-
sentation of the wall in the picture a section
parallel to the base, and consequently mathemati-
cally similar to the base itself. It is perfectly
true, as Me. Hoaee says, " that every line above
or below the line of the horizon, though really
parallel to it, apparently approaches it, as it is pro-
duced to the right or left." But he forgets that
this fact applies to the picture as well as to the
object. In fact, the picture is an object, and the
parallel lines in it representing the wall must have
the same apparent tendency to one another as
those in the wall itself. 'A\kvs.

Dublin.

I am giad Mr. G. T. Hoare has called attention
to the defective state of the art of perspective.
His remarks, however, are too narrow. The fact
is, that any two parallel straight lines appear to
converge at one or both ends, and one or both lines
assume a curvilinear shape. For a notable ex-
ample, the vertical section of the Duke of York's
column in Waterloo Place, from all points of
view, appears to bulge at the point of sight, and
to taper upwards by a curvilinear convergence of
the sides. C. Mansfield Inglebt.

LORD FAIEFAX".

(Vol. ix., p. 10.)

The following is all the information which I
have been able to collect respecting the present
possessor of the title of Fairfax of Cameron, in
answer to the third Query of W. H. M. It gives
me pleasure to communicate it.

The Lords Fairfax have been for several gene-
rations natives of the United States. The present
possessor of the title is not so called, but is known
as Mr. Fairfax. He resides at present in Suter
County, California. His Christian names are
George William.

The gentleman who bore the title at the com-
mencement of the present century, was a zealous
member of the republican (now called democratic)
party.

The Fairfax family, at one time, owned all that
portion of Virginia called the Northern Neck,
lying between the Potomac and Rappahannock
rivers.

So much for the third Query. I beg leave to
add a few remarks suggested by the fifth.

The citizens of the United States are not called
subjects of the United States ; and for the same
reason that your excellent Queen is not called a
subject of Great Britain. Native citizens take no
oath of citizenship, expressly or impliedly, what-
ever the latter word may mean. Foreigners, who
become naturalised, do not renounce allegiance to
the sovereign of Great Britain more "pointedly"
than to any other sovereign. Every one re-
nounces his allegiance to the potentate or power
under whose sway he was born : the Englishman
to the King (or Queen) of Great Britain, the
Chinese to the Emperor of China, the Swiss to the
republic of Switzerland, and so of others.

W. H. M. says that the existence of the peers
of Scotland " is a denial of the first proposition
in the constitution of" the United States. If
W. H. M. will turn to this constitution, he will
find that he has confounded the Declaration of
Independence with it.

Foreigners, on becoming naturalised, have to
renounce their titles of nobility ; but I know of
nothing to prevent a native American citizen from
being called Lord, as well as Mr. or Esq. As
above mentioned, a Lord Fairfax was so called
twenty-six years after our Independence; and
Lord Stirling, who was a Major-General in the
American army of the Revolution, was always so
styled by his cotemporaries, and addressed by
them as " My Lord" and " Your Lordship."

Some farther information upon this subject has
been promised to me. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

If W. H. M. desires particular information con-
cerning the Fairfax family in Virginia, it will give

380

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

me pleasure to send him Notes from Sparks'
Washington, Virginia, its History and Antiquities,
Sfc. ; amongst which is a picture of " Greenway
Court Manor House." I now give only an extract
from Washington to Sir John Sinclair (Sparks,
vol. xii. pp. 327, 328.), which answers in part
W. H. M.'s third Query :

" Within full view of Mount Vernon, separated
therefrom by water only, is one of the most beautiful
seats on the river for sale, but of greater magnitude
than you seem to have contemplated. It is called
Belvoir, and belonged to George Wm. Fairfax ; who,
were he now living, would be Baron of Cameron, as
his younger brother in this country ( George Wm.
dying without issue) at present is, though he does not
take upon himself the title. This seat was the resi-
dence of the above-named gentleman before he went to

England At present it belongs to Thomas

Fairfax, son of Bryan Fairfax : the gentleman who will
not, as I said before, take upon himself the title of
Baron of Cameron."

T. Balch.

Philadelphia.

I cannot but deem your correspondents W. W.
and H. G. in error when they consider that the
name of Baron Fairfax ought not to be retained
in the Peerage. The able heraldic editors of the
Peerages are likely to be better versed in such
matters than to have perpetrated and perpetuated
so frequently the blunder ; or what is to be said
of Sir Bernard Burke's elevation to be a king of
arms ? Not to omit the instance of the Earl of
Athlone, who, though a natural-born subject of a
foreign realm, in 1795 took his seat in the House
of Lords in Ireland (a case which H. G. wants
explained), we have a more recent instance in
the case of the present King of Hanover, a foreign
potentate, who is Duke of Cumberland and Te-
viotdale by inheritance, in our peerage, and whose
coronation oath (of allegiance ?) must be quite
incompatible with the condition of a subject in
another state. I confess I should like to see this
explained, as well as the position of those (amongst
whom, however, Lord Fairfax now ranks) who,
while strictly mere subjects and citizens of their
own state, may have had conferred upon them-
selves, or inherit, titles of dignity and privilege in
a foreign one. We usually (as in the case of the
Rothschilds, &c.) acknowledge their highest title
in address, but without any adjective or epithets
to qualify with honor, such as " honorable ; " as
is the case, too, with doctors of foreign univer-
sities, whose title from courtesy we also admit,
though this does not place them on a footing with
those of England. The present Duke of Wel-
lington and the Earl Nelson inherit, I believe,
titles of dignity in foreign lands, though natural-
born subjects of this realm ; and there can hardly
be a doubt that Lord Fairfax inherits correctly
his British barony, though, whenever he may

exercise for the first time a legal vote, he may
have to exhibit proof of his being the very heir
and person qualified, merely because born and
resident in a foreign state ; the same as would in
such case doubtless occur with regard to the
other noble persons I have referred to.

A Fairfax Kinsman.
Nantcribba Hall, N. W.

The following entry in T. Kerslake's catalogue,
The Bristol Bibliographer, seems worth notice :

" Burrough's (Jer.) Gospel Remission. True
blessedness consists in pardon of sin, 1668, 4to., with
autograph of Thos. Lord Fairfax, 1668, and several
MS.* notes by him, 12s. 6d."

E.M.

Hastings.

" CONSILIUM DELECTORUM CARDINALIUM.

(Vol. ix., pp. 127. 252.)

I have before me a copy of this very interest-
ing document, together with an Epistola Joannis
Sturmii de eadem re, ad Cardinales caterosque
viros ad earn Consultationem delectos, printed at
Strasburg (" ex officina Cratonis Mylii Argen-
toraten.") a.d. 1538. The report of the Com-
mittee had reached Sturmius in the month of
March, 1537-8 ; and his critique, addressed espe-
cially to Contarini, bears the date "tertio Non.
Aprilis." As it is a somewhat scarce pamphlet,
two or three extracts may not be unacceptable to
the readers of " N. & Q." :

" Rara res est et praster omnium opinionem oblata
occasio, pontificem datum orbi talem, qui jurejurando
fidem suorum sibi ad patefaciendam veritatem astrinx-
erit, ut si quid secus statuatis quam religio desideret
vobis ea culpa non pontifici prasstanda vitleatur." —
C. 2.

" At si diligenter et cum fide agatis, vestra virtute,
florentem Christi rempublicam conspiciamus ; si ne-
gligenter et cupide, ut cujus rei adhuc reliquia? non-
nullas supersunt, ilia? continuo ita tollantur, simul ac
calumniari ae male agere ceperitis, ut ne vestigia qui-
dein nl 1 ins sanctitatis apud vestras quidem partes pos-
teris nostris appareant." — C. 4.

He then passes to other topics, where he has to
deplore the little sympathy evinced by the Cardi-
nals for Luther and his party, e. g. on the subject
of indulgences :

" Quid de ilia ratione quam pcenitentibus praescri-
bitis, nonne falsa, nonne perversa, nonne ad quantum
magis et ad tyrannidem quam ad vita? emendationem,

* One note may be thought to be characteristic.
In the table occurs, " Many think their sins are par-
doned, because it is but little they are guilty of." The
general has interlined, " A pistol kills as well as a
cannon."

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

381

et correctionem spectans? Et qui remedia contra hos
morbos qucerunt, eos vos ea ecclesia ejiciendos putatis,
et condemnatis ha;reseos, qui restituere pristinam puri-
tatem religioni conantur ; eos illam tollere, qui cere-
monias purgare, eos perflegare qui auctoritatem eccle-
siasticam recuperare atque confirmare, eos imminuere
et labefactare clamatis." — D. 4.

Charles Hardwick.

Had Mr. Woodward's remarks come sooner
under notice, they should have received, as well
deserving, a quicker reply. It is in one sense
rather annoying that he should have mistaken so
widely the publication under question, and spent
so much time in confirming what few, if any, now
doubt of, the Papal origin of the Consilium De-
lectorum Cardinalium. (See Gibbings' Preface to
his Reprint of the Roman Index Expurgatorius,
p. xx.) The title of the tract (so to speak) com-
monly attributed to the same quarter, but the
justice of which is questioned, is, Consilium quo-
rundam Episcoporum Bononice congregatorum,
quod de ratione stabiliendce Romance Ecclesia
Julio III. P.M. datum est. This is the Consilium
to which Mr. Woodward's attention should have
been confined ; and which he will find in the same
volume of Brown's Fasciculus, to which he has
referred me on the real Consilium, pp. 644-650. It
appears in English also, translated by Dr. Clagett,
in Bishop Gibson's Preservative, vol. i. p. 170.
edit. 8vo. ; and is also included (a point to be
noticed) in the single volume published of Ver-
gerio's Works, Tubingen, 1563.*

Mr. Woodward has no doubt frequently met,
in Protestant authors, with . the quotation from
this supposed Bologna Council (Consilium being
taken for Concilium), recommending that as little
as possible of the Scriptures should be suffered to
come abroad among the vulgar, that having proved
the grand source of the present calamities. Now
the very air of this passage, and of course of many
others rather less disguised, is of itself sufficient
to prove that this Bologna Council is a piece of
banter ; the workmanship, in fact, of Peter Paul
Vergerio. Would any real adherent of Rome so
express himself? "N. & Q." (Vol. ix., p. 111.)
supplies a ready answer, in the communication
from F. C. H. on the so-called Catholic Bible
Society.

Would a real adherent of the Papal Church
again express himself in the following unimpas-
sioned manner ?

" Nam Apostolorum temporibus (ut verum tibi
fateamur, sed silentio opus est) vel aliquot annis post
ipsos Apostolos, nulla vel Papatus, vel Cardinalatus
mentio erat, nee amplissimos illos reditus Episcopatuum
et Sacerdotiorum t'uisse constat, nee templa tantis
sumptibus extruebantur, &c. : aestimet ergo tua sanc-

* See an account of him in M'Crie's Hist, of the
Reformation in Italy, pp. 77. 1 15. &c»

titas quam male nobiscum ageretur, si nostro aliquo
fato in pristinam paupertatem humilitatem et miseram
illam servitutem ac potestatem alienam redigendi
essemus !"

Again :

" Deinde ubi Episcopi Sacerdotum palmas tantum
inungunt, jube illos internam atque externam manum,
ad hasc caput ipsum et simul totam faciem perungere.
Nam si tantulum illud oleum sanctificandi vim habet,
major certe olei quantitas majorem quoque sanctifi-
candi vim obtinebit."

To be sure ! Who can doubt it ?

Mr. Woodward will, I apprehend, readily agree
that these sentences come from no one connected
with the Roman Church. And they are quoted
in the hope that Protestants will cease to cite this
supposed Bologna Council as any valid or genuine
testimony to Romish proceedings and sentiments.

Novus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Mounting Positives. — If the print and the mounting
paper, or Bristol board, are both made equally damp,
and the back of the picture covered with thin paste,
they adhere without any unevenness ; and if the print
is on the fine Canson's paper, the appearance is that of
an India proof. They should remain until perfectly
dry in a press. H. W. Diamond.

Mounting of Photographs, and Difficulties in the
Wax-paper Process. — May I request a little addi-
tional information from your correspondent Seleucus,
Vol. ix., p. 310., respecting the mounting of photo-
graphs ? Does he mean merely the painting the
edges, or the smearing of the photograph all over its
back with the Indian-rubber glue, prior to sticking the
proof on the cardboard ? If the former, which I ap-
prehend he does, Seleucus will necessarily have the
unsightly appearance of the picture's buckling up in
the middle on the board being bent forward and back-
ward in different directions ? May I take the liberty
of asking him in what respect the plan proposed is su-
perior to that of painting over the edges with mucilage
of gum arabic, containing a little brown sugar to pre-
vent its cracking, allowing it to dry, and prior to the
placing it on the card, slightly moistening it ; a plan
superior to that of putting it on the board at first, as
all risk of a portion of the gum oozing out at the edges
is thereby avoided.

I have long been in the habit of mounting prints
and photographs in a way which prevents their buck-
ling, keeps the paper underneath quite smooth, and in
other respects is so perfect, that it positively defies the
distinguishing of the picture from the paper on which
it is mounted. I am not certain that my plan is appli-
cable to the mounting on card-board, as it cannot be
wetted and stretched, thinking it useless to make use
of such a costly material when a tolerably thick draw-
ing-paper will more than serve the same purpose at a
very considerably less expense, seeing that the photo-
graph thus mounted bears a much closer resemblance

382

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

to that of a good and costly print. A good plain or
tinted sheet of drawing-paper, 30 inches by 22, may be
obtained at the artists' colour shops for sixpence, suffi-
ciently large for two drawings, 9 inches by 11, allowing
a sufficient margin.

After various trials, the plan I have found decidedly
the best is the following : — Soak the drawing-paper in
a vessel of water for ten minutes, or until it appears by
its flaccidity to have become perfectly saturated ; put it
at once into an artist's stretching frame, brush over the
back of the photograph with rather thin and perfectly
smooth paste, allow it a few minutes to imbibe a portion
of the moisture of the paste, and then lay it smoothly
down on the damp paper now on the stretching frame,
of course carefully pressing out all air bubbles as you
gradually, beginning at one side, smooth down the
pasted picture. It should remain in a dry place (not
placed before a fire) until the whole has become quite
dry, about ten or twelve hours. It may then be taken
out of the frame, cut to the desired shape, and a single
or double line nicely drawn around the picture, at a
distance suitable to each individual's taste, by the help
of sepia-coloured ink and a crowquill pen, both of
which may also be bought at the artists' colour shop.
Should it be required to be still more nicely mounted,
and to appear to have been one and the same paper
originally, the back edges of the picture should, pre-
vious to laying on the paste, be rubbed down to a fine
and knife-like edge with a piece of the finest sand-
paper placed on a wine cork, or substance of a similar
size. The drawing-paper should be of the same shade
and tint as the ground of the photograph.

A novice in the wax-paper process (having hereto-
fore worked the collodion and calotype, from its very
desirable property of keeping long good after being
excited, i. e. the wax paper), I am very desirous of
getting over an unexpected difficulty in its manipu-
lation ; and if some one of the many liberal-minded
contributors to your justly wide-spread periodical, well
versed in that department of the art, would lend me a
helping hand in my present difficulty, I should feel
more than obliged for the kindness thereby conferred.

My wax-paper negative, much to my disappointment,
occasionally exhibits, more or less, a speckled appear-
ance by transmitted light, which frequently, in deep
painting, impresses the positive with an unsightly
spotted character, somewhat similar to that of a bad
lithograph taken from a worn-out stone. I should
wish my wax-paper- negative to be similar in appear-
ance to that of a good calotype one, or to show by
transmitted light, as my vexatious specimen does when
viewed on its right side by reflected light. As the
most lucid description must fall far short of a sight of
the article itself, I purpose enclosing you a specimen
of my failure, a portion of one of the negatives in
question. Would immersion, instead of floating on the
gallo-nitrate solution, remedy the evil ? Or should
the impressed sheet be entirely immersed in the deve-
loping fluid in place of being floated? And if in the
affirmative, of what strength should it be? I have
thus far tried both plans in vain. Henry H. Hele.

[The defects described by our correspondent are so
frequent with manipulators in the wax-paper process,

and which Dr. Manseix has called so aptly a "gra-
velly appearance," that we shall be glad to receive com-
munications from those of our numerous correspon-
dents who are so fortunate as to avoid it.]

The New Waxed-paper, or Ce.role.ine Process. — The
following process, communicated to the French paper
Cosmos by M. Stephane Geoffroy, and copied into
La Lumiere, appears to possess many of the advantages
of the wax-paper, while it gets rid of those blemishes
of which so many complain. I have therefore thought
it deserving the attention of English photographers,
and so send a translation of it to " N. & Q." As I
have preserved the French measures — the litre and
the gramme — I may remind those who think proper to
repeat M. Geoffroy's experiments, that the former is
equal to about 2 pints and 2 ounces of our measure ;
and that the gramme is equal to 15*438 grains, nearly
15^. Anon.

I send you a complete description of a method for
either wet or dry paper, which has many advantages
over that of Mr. Le Gray.

I assure you it is excellent ; and its results are
always produced in a manner so easy, so simple, and
so certain, that I think I am doing great service to
photographers in publishing it.

1st. I introduce 500 grammes of yellow or white
wax into 1 litre of spirits of wine, of the strength
usually sold, in a glass retort. I boil the alcohol till
the wax is completely dissolved (first taking care to
place at the end of my retort an apparatus, by means of
which I can collect all the produce of the distillation).
I pour into a measure the mixture which remains in the
retort while liquid ; while it is getting cool, the myricine
and the cerine harden or solidify, and the ceroleine re-
mains alone in solution" in the alcohol. I separate this
liquid by straining it through fine linen ; and by a last
operation, I filter it through a paper in a glass funnel,
after having mixed with it the alcohol resulting from
the distillation. I keep in reserve this liquor in a
stopper-bottle, and make use of it as I want it, after
having mixed it in the following manner.

2nd. Next I dissolve, in 150 grammes of alcohol, of
36 degrees of strength, 20 grammes of iodide of am-
monium (or .of potassium), 1 gramme of bromide of
ammonium or potassium, 1 gramme of fluoride of
potassium or ammonium.

I then pour, drop by drop, upon about 1 gramme of
fresh-made iodide of silver a concentrated solution of
cyanide of potassium, only just sufficient to dissolve it.

I add this dissolved iodide of silver to the preceding
mixture, and shake it up : there remains, as a sediment
at the bottom of the bottle, a considerable thickness of
ail the above salts, which serve to saturate the alcohol
by which I replace successively the saturated which I
have extracted by degrees in the proportions below.

3rd. Having these two bottles ready, when I wish
to prepare negatives, I take about 200 grammes of the
solution No. 1. of ceroleine and alcohol, with which I
mix 20 grammes of the solution No. 2.; I filter the
mixture with care, to avoid the crystals which are not
dissolved, which always soil the paper ; and in a porce-
lain tray I make a bath, into which I lay to soak for

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

383

about a quarter of an hour the papers selected and
cut, five or six at a time, till the liquor is exhausted.
Taken out, hung up by the corner, and dried, these
papers, which have taken a uniform rosy tint, are shut
up free from dust, and kept dry. With regard to the
sensitizing by nitrate of silver, the bringing out of the
image under the action of gallic acid, and fixing the
proof by hyposulphite of soda, I follow the usual
methods, most frequently that of Mr. Le Gray.

I add only, if I have any dissolved, 1 or 2 grammes
of camphorated spirits to 1 litre of the solution of gallic
acid.

Allow me, Sir, to say a few words on the great ad-
vantages I have always remarked in preparing my
negatives by this method.

All those who use papers waxed by Mr. Le Gray's
process, know how many, how tedious, and how diffi-
cult are the operations before the sensitizing by nitrate
of silver. They know too how much care is neces-
sary to obtain papers uniformly prepared and without
spots, in the midst of such long operations, in which
there are so many opportunities for accidents. In fact,
one must be always upon one's guard against the im-
purities of the wax obtained from the shop ; against the
dust during the impregnation of the paper ; and, while
using the iron, against the over-heating of the latter,
and against the bad quality of the paper used to blot.

Photographers know also how much wax they lose
by this process, and how much it costs for the quanti-
ties of paper necessary to dry it properly. They know
likewise how difficult and tedious it is to soak a waxed
paper which has been previously in a watery solution.
On the contrary, by the method I have described, the
iodizing and the waxing is done by one single, simple,
and rapid process ; the saturation is, as may be con-
ceived, very uniform, and very complete, thanks to the
power of penetration possessed by the alcohol ; and
that marbled appearance of the ordinary waxed proofs,
which is so annoying, cannot be produced by this
method, thanks to the character of the ceroleine : this
body is, in fact, of a remarkable elasticity.

The solution of ceroleine in the alcohol is more easy
to prepare, and comparatively costs little ; and the
remains of stearine and of myricine can either be sold
again, or, in any case, may be used to wax fixed proofs.

The solution of which I have given you the formula,
is photogenic to a very high degree ; in fact, used with
papers, either thin or stout, it gives, after the first
bath of gallic acid, blacks of an intensity truly remark-
able ; which it is impossible to obtain to the same
degree with Le Gray's paper, and which other papers
scarcely take after having been done a second time
with the acetic acid, or the bichloride of mercury. At
the same time, it preserves the lights and the half-tones
in a way that surprises me upon each new trial (I have
not yet been able to obtain one clear proof by gallic
acid, with the addition of nitrate of silver). The
transparency of the proofs is always admirable, and the
clearness of the object yields in nothing to that of the
proofs obtained by albumen.

The paper, prepared in the manner I have described,
is also very quick as compared with Le Gray's paper —
at least one fourth quicker; and preserves its perfect
sensitiveness in the same proportion of time, three days

in twelve. Thus, it is at the same time quicker and
less variable. This comparative rapidity may be very
well understood, by remembering that the ceroleine is
an element much softer than its compound; and pos-
sesses a photogenic aptness which is peculiar to itself,
which science will, no doubt, soon explain.

To succeed in the preparation of the ceroleine, it is
important to work with wax of the best quality : this
is not easy in Paris, where they sell, under the name
of wax, a resinous matter which is only wax in appear-
ance. It will be veil to observe, with the greatest
care, the smell and the look of a fresh cut.

[This article reached us after our preceding note
was in type. We shall be glad to hear from any cor-
respondents who have tried this process how far they
find it to be one deserving of attention.]

fUpfog ta Minav teuzxizsl.

Origin of Clubs (Vol.ix., p. 327.). — Johnson's
definition of club, as " an assembly of good fellows,
meeting under certain conditions," will apply to a
meeting held two centuries earlier than that esta-
blished by Sir Walter Raleigh at the Mermaid, in
Friday Street. In the reign of Henry IV., there
was a Club called " La Court de bone Compagnie,"
of which Occleve was a member, and probably
Chaucer. In the works of the former are two
ballads, written about 1413 . one a congratulation
from the brethren to Henry Somer, on his appoint-
ment as Sub-Treasurer of the Exchequer : and
the other a reminder to the same person, that the
" styward" had warned him that he was —
". . . . for the dyner arraye

Ageyn Thirsday next, and nat it delaye."

That there were certain conditions to be observed
by this Society, appears from the latter epistle,
which commences with an answer to a letter of
remonstrance the "Court" has received from
Henry Somer against some undue extravagance,
and a breach of their rules. They were evidently
a jovial company ; and such a history as could be
collected of these Societies would be both inte-
resting and curious. We have proof that Henry
Somer received Chaucer's pension for him.

Edward Foss.

Dr. Whichcote and Dorothj Jordan (Vol. ix.,
p. 351.). — The sentence which Mr. Leigh Hunt
couples with Mrs. Jordan's laugh, as among the
best sermons he ever heard, your correspondent
Ilui'flti will find in the collection of Moral and
Religious Aphorisms of Dr. Whichcote, first pub-
lished by Dr. Jeffery in 1703, and which were re-
published by Dr. Salter in 1753. It is to the
following effect :

" Aph. 1060. To lessen the number of things lawful
in themselves; brings the consciences of men in[to]
slavery, multiplies sin in the world, makes the way

384

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 234.

narrower than God has made it, occasions differences
among men, discourages comers to religion, rebuilds
the partition wall, is an usurpation upon the family of
God, challenges successive ages backward and forward,
assigns new boundaries in the world, takes away the
opportunity of free-will offerings."

It is possible that Mr. Leigh Hunt may have
found it in the little Manual of Golden Sentences,
published by the Rev. John Hunter, Bath, 1826,
12mo., where it occurs at p. 64., No. xlvi.

With respect to Dorothy Jordan's laugh, to
those of your readers who, like myself, have
beard it, and treasure it among their joyous re-
membrances, no comment will be wanting.

S. W. Singeb.

" Paid down upon the Nail" (Vol. ix., p. 196.). —
Your correspondent Abhba mentions Limerick,
on the authority of O'Keefe the dramatist, as the
place where this saying originated ; from tbe fact
of a pillar, with a circular plate of copper upon it,
having stood in a piazza under the Exchange in
this ancient city : which pillar was called " the nail."
Permit me to remark, Bristol also claims the origin
of this saying : vide the following paragraph in
No. 1 . p. 4. of the Curiosities of Bristol, published
last September :

" We have heard it stated that this phrase first
originated in Bristol, when it was common for the
merchants to buy and sell at the bronze pillars (four)
in front of the Exchange — the pillars being commonly
called Nails."

I should infer that, from the fact of Bristol
having been at the time of the erection of these
pillars (some centuries ago) by far the most im-
portant place in the British empire (London only
excepted), it is more likely to have originated
this commercial saying than Limerick.

Beistoliensis.

"Man proposes, but God disposes" (Vol. ix.,
pp. 87. 202.). — I regret that I am unable to af-
ford Mb. Thomas any information respecting the
Abbot Gerson, to whom the authorship of the De
Imitatione has been attributed, beyond what is
contained in the preface to the edition which I
before quoted. The authority there cited is a dis-
sertation, entitled Me/noire sur le veritable auteur
de V Imitation de Jesus- Christ, par G. de Gregory,
Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur, etc., Paris,
1827. The contents of this work are thus de-
scribed in that preface :

" Eques de Gregory argumentis turn externis, turn
internis demonstrat : — 1. Libellum — primitus trac-
tatum fuisse ethicas scholasticum, a magistro novitio-
rum elaboratum. 2. Eundem, tempore inter annum
J 220 et 1240 interjecto, suppresso nomine conscriptum
esse a Joanne Gerson, monacho Benedictino, antea in
Athenajo Vercellensi professore, postea ibidem mona-
sterii S. Stephani abbate. Denique specialibus argu-

mentis eos refellit, qui vel Joanni Gersoni, cancellario
academiae Paristensi, vel Thomas Kempensi huiic li-
brum attribuendum esse contendunt."

I have been informed that an interesting article
upon the question of the authorship has recently
appeared in a very recent number of a Roman
Catholic Review ; I believe Brownson's American
Quarterly. H. P.

Lincoln's Inn.

H. P. wishes for some other quotations from De
Imitatione Christi, in order to test the claims to
originality of that extraordinary work ; I there-
fore now supply another — "Of two evils we ought
always to choose the least," — because I strongly
suspect that it is even some centuries older than
the time of the author, Thoma3 a Kempis. It will
be found in b. in. ch. xii. of the English trans-
lation. ' A. B. C.

Roman Catholic Patriarchs (Vol.viii., p. 317.). —
The following, with the signature W. Fbaseb,
appeared in " N. & Q." :

"Has any bishop of the Western Church held the
title of patriarch, besides the Patriarch of Venice ?
And what peculiar authority or privileges has he?"

The Archbishop of Lisbon has the title of Pa-
triarch of the Indies ; but it does not appear that
he has any defined jurisdiction, being only an in-
ferior patriarch, and with a title little more than
honorary. His grand vicars, however, are arch-
bishops ; and his seal has, like those of other
patriarchs, the tiara encircled with two crowns
only. This patriarchate was created by Pope
Clement XI., by his constitution In supremo Apo-
stolatus. Afterwards, in the year 1720, the same
Pope conferred upon the Patriarch of Lisbon the
exclusive right of anointing the Kings of Portugal
at their coronation on the right arm, which had
previously been the privilege of the Archbishop
of Braga. F. C. H.

The primate of Portugal has the style of " pa-
triarch," but I do not know of any privileges or
authority that he has beyond those appertaining
to the rank of archbishop or cardinal, when he
happens to be one, as at present. J. S. Waeden.

Classic Authors and the Jews (Vol. ix., p. 221.).
— In Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Biography a few references are given, under the
words " Herodes," " Hyrcanus," &c, to classical
authors who refer to the Jewish people, their
country and customs. Probably many more will
be given in the Dictionary of Geography, under
the words " Palestine," " Jerusalem," &c, when
the work is completed. To suppose that the
classical authors allude but seldom to the Jews is
a mistake. Roman writers of the post-Augustan
period abound in allusions to them. I can supply

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

385

B. H. C with a few. The Histories of Tacitus
refer to them in almost every page, and book v.
especially contains an account of their origin,
institutions, chief city, and temple. Juvenal also
has frequent allusions to their customs and habits,
e.g. Sat. iii. 14., xiv. 101. &c. ; see also Horace's
Satires, i. iv. 143., I. v. 100., and I. ix. 70., with
Macleane's notes on the two latter passages ; Pliny,
v. xiv. 15., xni. iv. 9., xxxi. viii. 44. ; Quint.,
in. vii. 21. j Just., xxxvi. 2. I am not aware of
any work which gives all the passages in classical
authors referring to the Jews.

Francis J. Leachman, B.A.

In answer to your correspondent B. II. C, I
beg to say that I have found out the following
passages in classic authors bearing on Judea and
the Jews, all of which I have authenticated myself,
except where I had not the book at hand :
Tacitus. Annales, ii. 85. ; xii. 23. 54. ; xv. 44.
Ditto. Historiae, i. 10. ; ii. 1. 4, 5. 78. 79. 81. ; v.
passim.
Horace. Satires, i. 4. 143.; i. 5. 100.; i. 9. 70.
Juvenal. Satires, ii. 14. ; vi. 158-160. 537-547. ; xiv.

96-106.
Persius. Satires, v. 180-189.
Martial, iv. 4.
Suetonius. Tiberius,36.; Augustus,76.; Claudius,25.;

Vespasian, 5. &c. ; Julius Ca?sar, 84.
Pliny, v. 14, 15, 16. &c. ; vii. 15. ; xxviii. 7.
Dio Cassius, lx. §6.; xxxvii. § 17.
Lucan, ii.

B. II. A.

Mawkin ( Vol. ix., p. 303.). — An attempt to
explain the origin of the word maukin, or malkin,
may be seen in the Philological Museum, vol. i.
p. 681. (See also Halliwell's Diet, in Malkin and
Maulkin.) The most probable derivation of the
word is, that malkin is a diminutive of mal, abbre-
viated from Mary, now commonly written Moll.
Hence, by successive changes, malkin or maukin
might mean a dirty wench, a figure of old rags
dressed up as a scarecrow, and a mop of rags
used for cleaning ovens. The Scotch maukin, for
a hare, seems to be an instance of an animal ac-
quiring a proper name, like renard in French, and
jack for pike in English. L.

Mantelpiece (Vol. ix., p. 302.). — French., Man-
teau de cheminee. German, Kamin Mantel. This
is the moulding, or mantle, that serves to hide
(screen) the joint betwixt the wall and the fire-
stove. H. F. B.

Mousehunt (Vol. ix., pp. 65. 135.). — A short
time ago. I was informed by a gamekeeper, that
this little animal is found in the Holt Forest. He
told me that there are three kinds of the weasel
tribe in the woods : the weasel, the stoat or stump,
and the mousehunt or mousehunter, which is also
called the thumb, from its diminutive size. It

feeds on mice and small birds ; but my informant
does not think that it attacks game.

White of Selbourne mentions that such an
animal was supposed to exist in his neighbour-
hood :

" Some intelligent country people have a notion that
we have, in these parts, a species of the genus Muste-
linum, besides the weasel, stoat, ferret, and polecat :
a little reddish beast, not much bigger than a field-
mouse, but much longer, which they call a cane. This
piece of intelligence can be little depended on ; but
farther inquiry may be made." — Natural History of
Selbourne, Let. 15.

Frederick M. Middleton.

As I can completely join in with the praise
your correspondent Mr. Tennyson awards to
Mr. Fennell's Natural History of Quadrupeds
(except as regards some of its woodcuts, which I
understand were inserted by the publisher in spite
of the author's remonstrance), I feel induced to
protect Mr. Fennell from the hypercritical com-
mentary of your correspondent J. S.s. (p. 136.).

In the passage quoted and commented on, had
Mr. Fennell used the word, beach, it would cer-
tainly have referred to the sea ; but the word
" shore," which he there uses, applies to rivers as
well as seas. Thus Spenser, speaking of the river
Nile, says :

"... Beside the fruitful shore of muddy Nile,
Upon a sunny bank outstretched lay,
In monstrous length, a mighty crocodile."

The passage, therefore, in Mr. Fennell's work
does not seem to me to be incorrect, as it may
have reference to the shore of the Tweed, Ettrick,
Yarrow, or some other rivers in Selkirkshire.

May I take the present opportunity of inquiring
through your truly useful columns, when Mr.
Fennell's work on the natural history of Shak-
speare, advertised some few years since, is likely
to appear ? Archibald Frasek.

Woodford.

liVanitatem observare" (Vol.ix., pp.247. 31 1.). —
The quotation of R. H. Gr. is no more to be found
in the Canons of Laodicea than in those of An-
cyra. Indeed the passage has more the appear-
ance of a recommendation, certainly excellent,
than of any grave decree of a council. It can
hardly be supposed to bear any other meaning
than that Christian females ought not to indulge
vanity, or take occasion to be vain of their works
in wool, spun or woven ; but to refer all their
talent to the Almighty, who gives to them the
skill and ability to work. Here is evidently an
allusion to the skill and wisdom given to Beseleel
and Ooliab :

" Both of them hath he instructed with wisdom, to
do ... . tapestry and embroidery in blue and purple,

386

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

and scarlet twice dyed, and fine linen, and to weave all
things, and to invent all things." — Exod. xxxv. 35.

And Christian women are reminded that all their
skill in such work is the gift of God. The learned
Benedictine Rupertus has a comment upon this
passage of Exodus, so apposite that its substance
may appropriately conclude this Note :

" Disce hinc, artes omnes, etiam mechanicas, esse
dona Dei, saltern naturalia, neque in iis ut suis, suaque
industria inventis aut partis, homini gloriandum esse
(q. d. vanitatem observare), sed illas Deo adscribendas,
ab eoque petendas, et in ejus obsequium expendendas
€sse."

F. C. HlJSENBETH, D.D.

The passage which your correspondent R. H. G.
quotes from the Council of Ancyra, a.d. 314, is
not to be found in the canons of that Council,
which are printed in their original Greek, with
several Latin translations, in Labbe's Concilia,
vol. ii. p. 513. The meaning of the sentence does
not seem very abstruse ; but before any suggestion
is made for its interpretation, it will be desirable
to ascertain to what Council it belongs. L.

Divining Rod (Vol. viii., pp. 350. 400.). — Your
correspondents do not tell us what was discovered
in the places to which the rod pointed in the
hands of the ladies named ; but although they
cannot for a moment be suspected of wilfully
deceiving, may there not have been, as in table-
turning, an unconscious employment of muscular
force? I have long since read, and have tried
with success, the following mode of producing the
effect : — Holding the rod in the usual position,
one branch of the fork in each hand, and grasping
them firmly, turn your hands slowly and steadily
round inwards, i. e. the right hand from the right
to left, and the left from left to right — the point
of the rod will then gradually descend till it points
directly downwards. J. S. Warden.

Orange Blossoms (Vol. viii., p. 341.). — The
compliment of Captain Absolute to Mrs. Mala-
prop in The Rivals, contains, I have no doubt, the
allegorical reason of the employment of these
flowers on bridal occasions ; and in that view they
seem highly appropriate, at least in our colder
climates — where we often see many "flowers"
still on the parent stem, while the "fruit" has
attained its full perfection. J. S. Warden.

"Hip, hip, hurrah!" (Vol. viii., pp. 88. 323.
605.). — Allow me to correct two mistakes with
reference to the notes on this subject. The note
ascribed to Dr. Burney, in a copy of Hawkins's
History of Music, in the British Museum, is in
the handwriting of Sir John Hawkins, as are all
the other notes scattered through the five volumes.
These MS. notes have been included in the recent
reprint of this valuable work. In the hurry of

transcribing, Mr. Chappell (as your correspondent
A. F. B. suggests) misread the MS. note. In
future we must read " hop drinkers," and not
" hep drinkers." Edward F. Rimbault.

Belgium Ecclesiastical Antiquities (Vol. vii.,
p. 65.). — The inquiry of Ajax has only been re-
cently brought under my notice. In reply, I refer
him to Recueil Heraldique et Historique des Families
de Belgique. This is the finest work on the antiqui-
ties, civil, military, and ecclesiastic, of that country :
it was printed at Antwerp by Rapell fils, and is
in five large 4to. volumes. I saw a copy sold in
Malines for about 37. : it is now become more
scarce, and probably could not be obtained under
4Z. Henry Daveney.

MiZteTlmtaug.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Faussett Collection has, as our readers are pro-
bably aware, become the property not of the public,
but of a private individual, Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S. A.,
of Liverpool, who, with praiseworthy liberality, has
resolved to make the Collection as useful as possible
to the public. He has therefore determined to pub-
lish, under the title of Saxon Antiquities from the
Kentish Tumuli, Mr. Faussett's copious MS. accounts
of the opening of the Barrows, and of the discoveries
made in them ; accompanied by numerous illustrations
of the more important objects themselves, especially of
the world-renowned Gold Brooches, which exhibit
such exquisite specimens of the artistic skill of our
ancestors. The work will appear under the editorship
of Mr. C. Roach Smith, who will illustrate Mr.
Faussett's discoveries by the results of kindred inves-
tigations in France and Germany. The subscription
price is Two Guineas, and the number of copies will,
as far as possible, be regulated by the list of sub-
scribers.

A few months since The Athenceum announced the
discovery at Lambeth, some time previously, of a
number of documents of the Cromwellian period.
This announcement attracted the attention of some
French literary man, probably M. Guizot, who appears
to have made some inquiries on the subject, which re-
sulted in a paragraph in the Journal des Debats, not,
indeed, contradicting the fact of the discovery, but
denying its importance. Can any of our readers throw
light upon this matter ? Had our valued corre-
spondent Dr. Maitland still held office at Lambeth,
there would probably not have been any doubt left as
to the value or worthlessness of any MSS. discovered
under the archiepiscopal roof, — albeit, found as we
have understood these to have been, not in the depart-
ment of the librarian, or, indeed, of any of the officials,
but in some out-of-the-way tower. Have these docu-
ments been examined ? If so, what are they ? If not,
why does not the Society of Antiquaries send a de-
putation to the archbishop, and request his permission
to undertake the task. Probably their labour would

April 22. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

387

not be thrown away. At all events, the doubt which
now exists, whether valuable but unused materials for
a most important period of our history may not be
mouldering at Lambeth, would be removed ; and
future Carlyles be spared useless journeys and wasted
hours to rediscover them.

A publishing Society, somewhat similar to the
Camden, has been established in the United States,
under the title of The Seventy-six Society, for the
publication and republication of books and papers
relating to the American Revolution.

Books Received. — Gibbon's Rome, with Variorum
Notes, Vol. III., Bohn's British Classics. The third
volume of this cheap and excellent reprint of Gibbon
extends from Julian's expedition against the Persians
to the accession of Marcian. — The Book of the Axe, con-
taining a Piscatorial Description of that Stream, fyc, by
George P. R. Pulman. A pleasant semi- piscatorial,
semi-antiquarian, gossiping volume, welcome at this
season, when the May-fly is looked for on the waters ;
illustrative of the fishing spots and historical localities
of the far-famed Axe. — Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered,
translated into English Spenserian ; with a Life of the
Author, by J. H. Wiffen, the new volume of Bohn's
Illustrated Library, forms a fitting companion to Wright's
Dante, so recently noticed by us.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Lingard's England. Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols. I. to V., and

X. and XI.
The Works or Dr. Jonathan Swift. London, printed for

C. Bathurst, in Fleet Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI.

ending with " Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift," written in

Nov. 1731.)
Byron's Works. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
The Volume of the London Polyglott which contains the

Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
Carlisle on Grammar Schools.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.

*»* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of " NOTES AND
QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be gent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Ancient Commerce of Hindostan, forming Vol. VII. of
" Maurice's Indian Antiquities, 1796."

Wanted by the Rev. H. Alia;/, B.-Casterton, Stamford.

Bishop O'Brien's Ten Sermons on Justification.

Wanted by Lieut. Bruce, Royal Horse Artillery, Chatham. I

Latimer's Sermons. Published by the Parker Society. Vol. I.
Wanted by Mr. J. G. Nichols, 25. Parliament Street.

Plans or Maps of Ancient London, and Representations of
Remarkableand Interesting Objects connected therewith— large
size (such as Old St. Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old London Bridge,
&c).
A Copy of No. 1. (or early number) of" The Times" Newspaper.
A Copy of one of the " Broadsheets " issued during the Plague.
Wanted by Mr. Joseph Simpson, Librarian, Literary and
Scientific Institution, Islington, London.

jf}0tttt£ to CorroSpontauW.

We must beg the indulgence of many Correspondents for omit-
ting to reply to them this holiday week.

H. B. C.'s paper, Impossibilities of History, in our next.

T. L. N. For the authorship of /he Latin verse on Dr. Franklin,
see our oth Volume, pp. 17. 140. 549. 571 . ; and Vol. vi., p. 88.

J— G., The Editor, and another Correspondent. No.

ML W. Try a weaker solution of pyrogallic ; that is, make the
ordinary 3-grain to the ounce solution, and use one-third of that
and one-third of plain water, and the results will probably be what
you desire. The bath will keep for a long time, if kept free from
dust, S(C

The extent which Photography occupies in our present Number
will, we are sure, excuse us, in the eyes of several Correspondents,
for the omission of their communications.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price U. is — For these early application
is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

rtOLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.
, Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.
BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-

phical Instrument Makers, and Operative

Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to su't
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extens vely employed by
BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIG CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

QMEE'S BINOCULAR PER-

kj SPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS A full

account of the mode of taking these extraor-
dir ary Likenesses in " Smee on the Eye," just
published, price 5s.

HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD,
123. Newgate Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art

123. and 121. Newgate Street.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

_L DION.— J. B. HOCKTN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-
SITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCK.IN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

388

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 234.

w

ESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bieknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks.Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodbart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.!

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Hankers.— Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
10<U.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

£ s. d.

Age

£ s. <!.

17 -

_

- 1 14 4

32-

a

- 2 10 8

22 -

m

- 1 18 8

37-

to

- 2 18 6

27-

-

- 2 4 5

42-

-

- 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,

Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d„ Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. Witli a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, Loudon.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's
Place, Trafalgar Square, London.

Established a. d. 1844.

TNVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

X may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON,

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
cation.

CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF
SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes arc
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

GROSJEAN'S

CELEBRATED TROWSERS,

16s. per Pair.
109. REGENT STREET.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-

NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6d. ; double size, 4s. Hd. ; 7s. 6rf.
equal to 4 small; lis. to 6 small: 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s. •

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joint* in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6rf. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street;
JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork: BARRY, 9. Main
Street, Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow ; DUN-
CAN & FLOWCHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

A LLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

XX CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,

DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
Bkilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2l.,3l., and 4/. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

SURPLICES.

GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton,
Lancashire, has prepared his usual larsre
Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of
EASTER.

PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
Stations.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 178.r>), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir.ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover. Henri nerz. E. Harrison, H.F. Hass^,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. II .
Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rod well,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright, &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER

A ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Dticie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that th^ir ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
" ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE " being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

HEAL & SON'S SPRING
MATTRESSES. — The most durable
Bedding is a well-made SPRING MAT-
TRESS ; it retains its elasticity, and will wear
longer without repair than any other mattress,
and with o??e French Wool and Hair Mattress
on it is a most luxurious Bed. HEAL & SON
make them in three varieties. For prices of
the different sizes and qualities, apply for
HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, and priced LIST
OF BEDDING. It contains designs and
prices of upwards of ino Bedsteads, and prices
of everv description of Bedding, and is sent
free by Post.
HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geohor Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the

City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.— Saturday, April 22. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOE

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

«* When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 235.]

Saturday, April 29. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

£ Stamped Edition, 5<f.

CONTENTS.

>Not*5 : —

Page
- 391

Curious Old Pamphlet
Errata in Printed Bibles -
Impossibilities of History- - - 392

Unregistered Proverbs, by C. Mansfield

Ingleby - - - - - 392

Mr. Justice Talfourd, by II. M. Bealby

and T. J. Buekton - - - 393

The Screw Propeller - - - 394

Ancient Chattel-Property in Ireland, by

James F. Ferguson ... 394

Bishop Atterbury - - - - 395

Minor Notes: — "Milton Blind" —
Hydropathy — Cassie — The Duke of
"Wellington — Romford Jury— Edward
Law (Lord Ellenborough), Chief Jus-
tice — Chamisso — Dates of Maps —
Walton— Whittington'sStoneon High-
gate Hill— Turkey and Franco - - 395

'Queries : —

A Female Aide-Major

337

Minor Queries : — " Chintz Gowns " —
" Noctes Ambrosianae " — B. Simmons
— Green Stockings— Nicholas Kieten —
Warwickshire Badge — Armorial —
Lord Brougham and Home Tooke —
Rileysof Forest Hill— Fish " Lavidian"
: — " Poeta nascitur, non fit " — John
Wesley and the Duke of Wellington—
Haviland — Byron — Rutabaga _ A
Medal -The Black Cap -The Abori-
ginal Britons .... 397

Minor Queries with Answers : —
"Gossip"— Humphry Repton — "Oriel"
— " Orchard" — " Peckwater " — Richard
III. — Binding of old Books _ Vessel
of Paper - - - - - 399

'Replies : —

King James's Irish Army List, 1689, by

John DAlton - - - - 401

•Quotations Wanted, by G. Taylor, &c. 402
Oaths, by James F. Ferguson, &c. - 402

Remuneration of Authors, by Alexander

Andrews ----- 404
Occasional Forms of Prayer, by the Rev.
W. Sparrow Simpson, &c. - - 404

OPnoTOGRAPHTC CORRESPONDENCE :

Photographic Query— Improvement in
Collodion—Printing Positives— Photo-
graphic Excursions ... 405

Replies to Minor Qdep.ies : " To

Garble"— " Lyra Apostolica" — John
Bale, Bishop of Ossory — Burial in an
erect Posture — " Carronade" — " Lar-
gesse" _ Precious Stones — " A Pinch
of Snuff" _ Darwin on Steam — Gale

of Rent — Cobb Family — " Aches"

"Meols"— Polygamy— Wafers - 407

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. ... 410
Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 410

Notices to Correspondents - - 411

Vol. IX.— No. 235.

THE GARDENERS' CHRO-
NICLE AND AGRICULTURAL
GAZETTE.

In consequence of the Advertisement Duty
having been taken off, the customary charges
for Advertisements in" The Gardeners' Chro-
nicle and Agricultural Gazette " have been
reduced.

Advertisements appear in both Editions
without extra charge.

Space of Four lines and under (body s. d.

type) - - - - - 2 6

Each additional line up to Twenty - 0 6

From the Official Stamp Returns published
April 5, 1854, it anpears that during the three
preceding years, 1851, 1852, and 1853, the Stamps
supplied to each of the undermentioned
Journals gave them an average sale of —

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND

AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE - 6277

Era ---.-- 5500

Wesleyan Times .... 5094

Magnet .... - 4705

Examiner ..... 4694

Mark Lane Express ... 4500

Evening Mail .... 4488

Field ------ 4409

Morning Herald .... 4021

Daily News ----- 3910

Guardian ----- 3904

T^conomist - 3837

British Banner .... 3798

Record ..... 3736

Watchman ----- 3681

Nonconformist .... 2987

Spe ,'tator - 2856

St. James'n Chronicle ... 2844

Morning Post .... 2652

Sun ------ 2519

Morning Chronicle - - . - 2364

Britannia ----- 2329

Express ----- 2235

Leader ----- 2140

Herapath's Journal - - - 2066

John Bull ----- 2020

Globe- ..... 1926

Weekly News .... 1709

United Service Gazette - - - 1708

Railway Times ... - 1641

Atlas ------ 1479

Standard .... - 1456

Naval and Military Gazette - - 1313

Patriot ----- 1304

Gardeners' and Farmers' Journal - 752

OFFICE FOR ADVERTISEMENTS AND
COMMUNICATIONS,

5. Upper Wellington Street, Covent Garden,
London.

OECOND-HAND BOOKS.—

O Gratis and Post Free, a New Catalogue
of Goofl and Cheap Books, on Sale by
SOTHERAN & CO., 331. Strand (opposite
Somerset House). Libraries purchased.

This Day, Cheaper Edition, Two Volumes,
fcap. 8vo., 9s.,

T^RIENDS IN COUNCIL.

London : JOHN W. PARKER 81 SON,
West Strand.

THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for
the Publication of Early Historical and
Literary Remains.

The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
will be held at the FREEMASON'S TA-
VERN, Cireat Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, on TUESDAY, MAY 2, at Four
o'clock. LOUD BRAYBROOKE, the Presi-
dent, in the Chair.

WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.

The following are the Publications of the
Society which have been issued during the past
year : —

I. PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM :
Tom. II. Edited by ALBERT WAY, Esq.,
M.A.,1\S.A.

II. REGUL^E INCLUSARUM : THE
ANCREN RE WLE : A Treatise on the Rules
and Duties of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-
Saxon Dialect of the 13th Century. Edited by
the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Pre-
bendary of Lincoln.

in. LETTERS OF THE LADY BRIL-
LIANA HARLEY : 1625-1613. Edited by
the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A.

IV. THE HOUSEHOLD ROLL OF
RICHARD SW INFIELD. BISHOP OF
HEREFORD. '8 Edw. I. Vol.1. Edited by
the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.

The Subscription to the Society is 17. per
annum, which becomes due on the 1st of May.

Communications from gentlemen desirous
of becoming Members may be addressed to the
Secretary, or to MESSRS. NICHOLS, No. 25.
Parliament Street, Westminster ; by whom
the Subscriptions are received.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

^TOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s.v or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them. &c, illustrated by numerous)
Engravings. By ANDREW PR1TCIIARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library ." — Silli-
nian's JouiiiaL

London : WHITTAKER Se CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

QMEE'S BINOCULAR PER-

kj SPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS — A full
account of the mode of taking these extraor-
dinary Likenesses in " Smee on the Eye," just
published, price 5s.

HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD,
123. Newgate Street, London.

390

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
No. CLXXXVIIL, is published THIS
DAY.

Contents :
I. LAURENCE STERNE.
II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.

III. THE WHIG PARTY.

IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
V. CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.

VI. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.
VII. TREASURES OF ART IN BRI-
TAIN.
VIII. NEW REFORM BILL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. (kl., published
Quarterly.

EETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. Gd., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

XTORTH BRITISH REVIEW.

_Ll No. XLI. MAY. Price 6s.

Contents.
I. THE PLURALITY OF WORLDS.
II. BRITISH AND CONTINENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
III. THE UNION WITH ENGLAND
AND SCOTTISH NATIONALITY.
XV. CHRISTIANITY IN THE SECOND
CENTURY, AND THE CHRIS-
TIAN EVIDENCES.
V. THE ART OF EDUCATION.
VI. BUSKIN AND ARCHITECTURE,
PAST. PRESENT. AND FUTURE.
VII. PROFESSOR FORBES AND MR.
LLOYD IN SCANDINAVIA.
Vin. AUGUSTE COMTE AND POSI-
TIVISM.

Edinburgh : W. P. KENNEDY. London :
HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO. Dublin :
J. M'GLASIIAN.

SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON'S
NEW HISTORY.

THE HISTORY OF EUROPE,
from the Fall of Napoleon to the Ac-
cession of Louis Napoleon, in Five Vols. 8vo.
Price 15s. each. Vols. I. and II. are published.

The THIRD VOLUME, to be published in
May, will contain :

Asia Minor, Greece, Turkey, in 1821 — The
Greek Revolution. Battle of Navarino, and
Establishment of Greek Independence — The
War between Russia nnd Turkey, 1827-1829 —
France to the Revolution of 1830, &c. &c.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

MISS STRICKLAND'S

SCOTTISH QUEENS.

This Day is published, a Second Edition of
Vols. I. and II. of

T IVES OF THE QUEENS

XJ OF SCOTLAND, AND ENGLISH
PRINCESSES connected with the Regal Suc-
cession of Great Britain. By AGNES
STRICKLAND.

The Volumes published contain : — 1. Life of
Margaret Tudor, Magdalene of France, and
Mary of Lorraine. 2. Continuation of Mary
of Lorraine, Margaret Douglas, Countess of
Lennox. 3. and 4. Life of Mary Stuart.
Price 10s. 6(7. each, with Portraits and His-
torical Vignettes.

The Fifth Volume will be published early in
Summer.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

MURRAY'S BRITISH CLAS-
SICS. _ The new Volume of this Series
of STANDARD EDITIONS of ENGLISH
AUTHORS, contains the Third Volume of
CUNNINGHAM'S EDITION OF GOLD-
SMITH'S WORKS, and is now published;
and the Fourth Volume, completing the Work,
will be ready early in May.
Albemarle Street,
April 29th, 1854.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.

QUARTO SERIES.

Evangelia Augustini Gregoriana.

By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D. 20s.

An Historical Inquiry touching

St. Catherine of Alexandria, illustrated by a
Semi-Saxon legend. By the REV. C.
IIARDWICK, M.A. 12s.

OCTAVO SERIES.

I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St.

Andrew and St. Veronica. By C. W. GOOD-
WIN, M.A. 3s. 6rf.

II. Graeco-Egyptian Fragment

III. Ancient Cambridgeshire.

By C. C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3s. 6d.

Reports and Communications,

Nos. I. and II. Is. each.

Index to Baker Manuscripts.

7s. 6rf.

JOHN W. PARKER & SON, and GEORGE
BELL, London.

Bohn's Standard Library for May.

LOCKE'S PHILOSOPHICAL
WORKS, containing the "Essay on the
Human Understanding," the " Conduct of the
Understanding," &c., with Preliminary Dis-
course and Notes, by J. A. ST. JOHN, ESQ.
In Two Volumes. With Portrait. Vol. I.
Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's British Classics for May.

A DDISON'S WORKS, with

XX the Notes of BISHOP HURD. With
Portrait and Engravings on Steel. Vol. III.
Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6rf.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Library for May.

pATULLUS, TIBULLUS and

\J THE VIGIL OF VENUS. A literal
Prose Translation. To which are added Me-
trical Versions by LAMB, GRAINGER, and
others. With Frontispiece. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Ecclesiastical Library for May.

THEODORET AND EVA- I
GRIUS. Histories of the Church, from |
a.d. 322 to a d. 427, and from a.d. 431 to a.d.
544. Translated from the Greek, with General
Index. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Just published, in 8vo., with Views, price, in
cloth, 6s. Id. i or, large paper (royal 8vo.),
price, in cloth, 12s.

DESCRIPTIVE AND HIS-
TORICAL NOTICES of NORTHUM-
BRIAN CASTLES, CHURCHES, and AN-
TIQUITIES. By WILLIAM SIDNEY

GIBSON, Esq., F.S.A THIRD SERIES:

Comprising Visits to Naworth Castle, Laner-
cost Priory, and Corby Casi le, in Cumberland ;
the ruined Monasteries of Brinkburn, Jarrow,
and Tynemouth ; Bishop Middleham, and
the Town of Hartlepool ; Newcastle-on-Tyne,
and Durham Cathedral.
London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

Now ready, in 16mo., price 1*.

MOROCCO, its PRESENT
STATE ! A Chapter of Mussulman
Civilisation. By XAVIER DURRIEU.
Forming Part 60 of the " Traveller's Library."

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

Just published, in fcp. 8vo., price, in cloth, 6s.

THE STATISTICAL Com-
panion for 1854 : exhibiting the most
interesting Facts in Moral and Intellectual,
Vital, Economical, and Po itical Statistics, at
Home and Abroad. Compiled by T. C. BAN-
FIELD, Esq.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

XX CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of i

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,

DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

pHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the

\J recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool : 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER
ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 1 15. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having "ALLSOP1
& SONS" written across it.

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

391

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1854.

CURIOUS OLD PAMPHLET.

Grubbing among old pamphlets, the following
has turned up :

" A Fragment of an Essay towards the most ancient
Histories of the Old and New Worlds, connected.
Intended to be carried on in four Parts or iEras. That
is, from the Creation of all Things to the Time of the
Deluge : thence to the Birth of Abraham : from that
Period to the Descent of Jacob and his Family into
Egypt : and, lastly, to the Time of the Birth of Moses.
Attempted to be executed in Blank Verse, 8vo. pp. 59.
Printed in the year 1765."

This Miltonic rhapsody supposes Adam, when
verging on his nine hundreth year, to have assem-
bled his descendants to a kind of jubilee, when sacri-
fices, and other antediluvian solemnities, being ob-
served, " Seth, the pious son of his comfort, gravely
arose, and, after due obedience to the first of men,
humbly beseeched the favour to have their memo-
ries refreshed by a short history of the marvellous
things in the beginning." Then Adam thus : —
Hereupon the anonymous author puts into the
mouth of the great progenitor of the human race
a history of the Creation, in blank verse, in ac-
cordance with the Mosaic and orthodox account.
Concluding his revelations without reference to
the Fall, Seth would interrogate their aged sire
upon what followed thence, when Adam excuses
himself from the painful recital by predicting the
special advent in after times of a mind equal to
that task :

" But of this Fall, this heart-felt, deep-felt lapse,
This Paradise thus lost, no mortal man
Shall sing which lives on earth.

Far distant hence
In farther distant times, fair Liberty
Shall reign, queen of the Seas, and lady of
The Isles ; nay, sovereign of the world's repose.
And Peace !

In her a mighty genius shall
Arise, of high ethereal mould, great in
Renown, sublime, superior far to praise
Of sublunary man — or Fame herself.

Though blind to all things here on earth below,
The heav'ns of heav'ns themselves shall he explore,
And soar on high with strong, with outstretched

wings !
There sing of marvels not to be conceived,
Express'd, or thought by any but himself!"

This curious production is avowedly from the
other side of the Tweed, and I would ask if its
paternity is known to any of your antiquarian
correspondents there or here.

The Fragment is preceded by a very remarkable
Preface, containing "some reasons why this little

piece has thus been thrown off in such a loose and
disorderly manner ;" among which figure the de-
sire "to disperse a parcel of them gratis, — because
they are, perhaps, worth nothing ; that nobody may
pay for his folly but himself ; that, if his Fragment
is damned, which it probably may be, he will
thenceforth drop any farther correspondence with
Adam, Noah, Abraham, &c. ; and, lastly, that he
may be benefited by the criticisms upon its faults
and failings, while he himself lurks cunningly be-
hind the curtain. But if, after all," says the facetious
author, " this little northern urchin shall chance to
spring forward under the influence of a more
southern and warmer sun, the author will then en-
deavour to bring his goods to market as plump,
fresh, and fair as the soil will admit."

I presume, however, the public did not call for
any of the farther instalments promised in the
title. J. O.

ERRATA IN PRINTED BIBLES.

Mr. DTsraeli, in his Curiosities of Literature,
has an article entitled " The Pearl Bibles and Six
Thousand Errata," in which he gives some notable
specimens of the blunders perpetrated in the print-
ing of Bibles in earlier times. The great demand
for them prompted unscrupulous persons to supply
it without much regard to carefulness or accuracy ;
and, besides, printers were not so expert as at the
present day.

"The learned Ussher," Mr. DTsraeli tells us, "one
day hastening to preach at Paul's Cross, entered the
shop of one of the stationers, as booksellers were then
called, and inquiring for a Bible of the London edition,
when he came to look for his text, to his astonishment
and his horror he discovered that the verse was omitted
in the Bible ! This gave the first occasion of complaint
to the king, of the insufferable negligence and in-
capacity of the London press ; and first bred that great
contest which followed between the University of Cam-
bridge and the London stationers, about the right of
printing Bibles."

Even during the reign of Charles I., and in the
time of the Commonwealth, the manufacture of
spurious Bibles was carried on to an alarming ex-
tent. English Bibles were fabricated in Holland
for cheapness, without any regard to accuracy.
Twelve thousand of these (12mo.) Bibles, with
notes, were seized by the King's printers as being
contrary to the statute ; and a large impression of
these Dutch-English Bibles were burned, by order
of the Assembly of Divines, for certain errors.
The Pearl (24mo.) Bible, printed by Field, in 1653,
contains some scandalous blunders; — for instance,
Romans, vi. 13. : " Neither yield ye your members
as instruments of righteousness unto sin" — for un-
righteousness. 1 Cor. vi. 9. : " Know ye not that

392

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

the unrighteous shall inherit the kingdom of God ?"
— for shall not inherit.

The printer of Miles Coverdale's Bible, which
was finished in 1535, and of which only two perfect
copies, I believe, are known to exist — one in the
British Museum, the other in the library of the
Earl of Jersey — deserves some commendation for
his accuracy. At the end of the New Testament
is the following solitary erratum :

" A faute escaped in pryntyng the New Testament.
Upon the fourth leafe, the first syde in the sixth chapter
of S. Mathew, ' Seke ye first the kingdome of heaven,'
read, ' Seke ye first the kingdome of God.' "

Abhba.

IMPOSSIBILITIES OF HISTOKT.

" That unworthy hand."

I am not aware that the fact of Cranmer's hold-
ing his right hand in the flames till it was con-
sumed has been questioned. Fox says :

" He stretched forth his right hand into the flames,
and there held it so stedfast that all the people might
see it burnt to a coal hefore his body was touched." —
P. 927.: ed. Milner, London, 1837, 8vo.

Or, as the passage is given in the last edition, —

" And when the wood was kindled, and the fire be-
gan to burn near him, he put his right hand into the
flame, which he held so stedfast and immovable (saving
that once with the same hand he wiped his face), that
all men might see his hand burned before his body was
touched." — Acts and Monuments, ed. 1839, vol. viii.
p. 90.

Burnet is more circumstantial :

«' When he came to the stake he prayed, and then
undressed himself : and being tied to it, as the fire was
kindling, he stretched forth his right hand towards
the flame, never moving it, save that once he wiped his
face with it, till it was burnt away, which was con-
sumed before the fire reached his body. He expressed
no disorder from the pain he was in ; sometimes say-
ing, • That unworthy hand ; ' and oft crying out, ' Lord
Jesus, receive my spirit.' He was soon after quite
burnt." — Hist, of the Reformation, vol. iii. p. 429., ed.
1825.

Hume says :

" He stretched out his hand, and, without betraying
either by his countenance or motions the least sign of
weakness, or even feeling, he held it in the flames till
it was entirely consumed." — Hume, vol. iv. p. 476.

It is probable that Hume believed this, for
while Burnet slates positively as a fact, though
only inferentially as a miracle, that " the heart
was found entire and unconsumed among the
ashes," Hume says, " it was pretended that his
heart," &c.

I am not about to discuss the character of Cran-
mer: a timid man might have been roused under

such circumstances into attempting to do what it
is said he did. The laws of physiology and com-
bustion show that he could not have gone beyond
the attempt. If a furnace were so constructed,
that a man might hold his hand in the flame without
burning his body, the shock to the nervous system
would deprive him of all command over muscular
action before the skin could be " entirely con-
sumed." If the hand were chained over the fire,
the shock would produce death.

In this case the fire was unconfined. Whoever
has seen the effect of flame in the open air, must
know that the vast quantity sufficient entirely to
consume a human hand, must have destroyed the
life of its owner ; though, from a peculiar dispo-
sition of the wood, the vital parts might have been
protected.

The entire story is utterly impossible. May we,
guided by the words " as the fire was kindling,"
believe that he then thrust his right hand into the
flame — a practice I believe not unusual with our
martyrs, and peculiarly suitable to him — and class
the " holding it till consumed" with the whole and
unconsumed heart ?

I may observe that in the accounts of martyrdoms
little investigation was made as to what was pos-
sible. Burnet, describing Hoopers execution,
says, " one of his hands fell off before he died, with
the other he continued to knock on his breast
some time after." This, I have high medical
authority for saying, could not be. H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

UNREGISTERED PROVERBS.

In Mr. Trench's charming little book on Pro-
verbs, 2nd ed., p. 31., he remarks :

" There are not a few (proverbs), as I imagine,
which, living on the lips of men, have yet never found
their way into books, however worthy to have done so ;
either because the sphere in which they circulate has
continued always a narrow one, or that, the occasions
which call them out are very rare, or that they, having
only lately risen up, have not hitherto attracted the
attention of any one who cared to record them. It
would be well, if such as take an interest in the sub-
ject, and are sufficiently well versed in the proverbial
literature of their own country to recognise such un-
registered proverbs when they meet them, would secure
them from that perishing, which, so long as they
remain merely oral, might easily overtake them ; and
would make them at the same time, what all good pro-
verbs ought certuinly to be, the common heritage of
all."

" Note. — The pages of the excellent Notes and
Queries would no doubt be open to receive such, and
in them they might be safely garnered up," &c.

I trust this appeal of Mr. Trench's will be at
once responded to by both the editor and corre-
spondents of this periodical. With the former

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

393

must rest the responsibility of withholding from
reproduction any proverbs, which though sent
him as novelties, may be already registered in the
recognised collections.

Mr. Trench's first contribution to this bouquet
of the wild flowers of proverbial lore is the fol-
lowing, from Ireland :

"' The man on the dyhe always hurls well.' The
looker on," says Mr. Trench in explanation, " at a
game of hurling, seated indolently on the wall, always
imagines that he could improve on the strokes of the
actual players, and if you will listen to him, would
have played the game much hetter than they ; a pro-
verb of sufficiently wide application." — P. 32.

Each proverb sent in should be accompanied
with a statement of the class among whom, or the
locality in which, it is current. The index to
" N. & Q." should contain a reference to every
proverb published in its pages, under the head of
Unregistered Proverbs, or Proverbs only. Cor-
respondents should bear in mind the essential
requisite of a proverb, currency. Curt, sharp
sayings might easily be multiplied ; what is wanted,
however, is a collection of such only as have that
prerequisite of admission into the ranks of recog-
nised proverbs. And while contributors should
not lose sight of " the stamp of merit," as that
which renders the diffusion of proverbs beneficial
to mankind, still they should not reject a genuine
proverb for want of that characteristic, remem-
bering that, —

" 'Tween man and man, they weight not every stamp ;
Though light, take pieces for the figure's sake."

And that the mere form of a proverb often affords
some indication of its age and climate, even where
the matter is spurious. I have a large MS. col-
lection of English proverbs by me, from which I
doubt not I shall be able to extract some few
which have never yet been admitted into any pub-
lished collection. Of these at some future time.
C. Mansfield Ingeebt.
Birmingham.

{[We shall be happy to do all in our power to carry
out this very excellent suggestion. — Ed. ♦* N. & Q."J

MR. JUSTICE TALEOUED.

The noble sentiments uttered by Justice Tal-
fourd in his last moments gave a charm to his
sudden death, and shed a hallowed beauty about
the painfully closing scenes of this great man. I
want them to have a niche in " N. & Q.," and
along with them a passage from his beautiful
tragedy of Ion, which may be considered as a
transcript of those thoughts which filled his mind
on the very eve of quitting the high and honourable

duties of his earthly course. It forcibly illustrates
the loving soul, the kind heart, and the amiable
character of this deeply lamented judge.

After speaking of the peculiar aspect of crime
in that part of the country where he delivered his
last chai-ge, he goes on to say :

" I cannot help myself thinking it may be in no small
degree attributable to that separation between class and
class, which is the great curse of British society, and
for which we are all, more or less, in our respective
spheres, in some degree responsible, and which is more
complete in these districts than in agricultural districts,
where the resident gentry are enabled to shed around
them the blessings resulting from the exercise of bene-
volence,, and the influence and example of active kind-
ness. I am afraid we all of us keep too much aloof
from those beneath us, and whom we thus encourage
to look upon us with suspicion and dislike. Even to
our servants we think, perhaps, we fulfil our duty when
we perform our contract with them — when we pay them
their wages, and treat them with the civility consistent
with our habits and feelings — when we curb our temper,
and use no violent expressions towards them. But
how painful is the thought, that there are men and
women growing up around us, ministering to our com-
forts and necessities, continually inmates of our dwell-
ings, with whose affections and nature we are as much
unacquainted as if they were the inhabitants of some
other sphere. This feeling, arising from that kind of
reserve peculiar to the English character, does, I think,
greatly tend to prevent that mingling of class with class,
that reciprocation of kind words and gentle affections,
gracious admonitions and kind inquiries, which often,
more than any book-education, tend to the culture of
the affections of the heart, refinement and elevation of
the character of those to whom they are addressed.
And if I were to be asked what is the great want of
English society — to mingle class with class — I would
say, in one word, the want is the want of sympathy."

Act I. Sc. 2. After Clemanthe has told Ion
that, forsaking all within his house, and risking his
life with strangers, he can do but little for their
aid, Ion replies :

" It is little :
But in these sharp extremities of fortune,
The blessings which the weak and poor can scatter
Have their own season. 'Tis a little thing
To give a cup of water ; yet its draught
Of cool refreshment, drain'd by fever'd lips,
May give a shock of pleasure to the frame
More exquisite than when nectarean juice
Renews the life of joy in happiest hours.
It is a little thing to speak a phrase
Of common comfort, which, by daily use,
Has almost lost its sense ; yet, on the ear
Of him who thought to die unmourn'd, 'twill fall
Like choicest music; fill the glazing eye
With gentle tears ; relax the knotted hand
To know the bonds of fellowship again ;
And shed on the departing soul a sense,
More precious than the benison of friends
About the honour' d death-bed of the rich,

394

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

To him who else were lonely, that another
Of the great family is near and feels."

The analogy is as beautiful as it is true.

H. M. Bealbt.
North Brixton.

Before this talented judge was advanced to the
bench, he amused himself and instructed his
clients by occasional metrical notes, of which the
annexed is a specimen. To make it intelligible to
those whom it may not concern, I must add an
explanation by the attorney in the suit, who has
obligingly placed the learned Serjeant's notes at
my disposal. This gentleman says : "These notes
are in the margin of a brief held by the serjeant
as leading counsel in an action of ejectment
brought against a person named Rock, in 1842.
In converting into rhyme the evidence of the
witness Hopkins, as set out in the brief, he has
adhered strictly to the statements, whilst he has
at the same time seized the prominent points of
the testimony as supporting the case."

John Hopkins will identify the spot,
Unless his early sports are quite forgot,
And from his youngest recollection show
The house fell down some forty years ago.
And then — a case of adverse claim to meet,
Show how the land lay open to the street ;
And there the children held their harmless rambles,
Till Robert Woolwich built his odious shambles,
And never did the playmates fear a shock,
From anything so hateful as a Rock.

Perhaps the above may elicit from other
quarters similar contributions ; indeed, any me-
morial of the friend of Charles Lamb must be
precious to the Muse. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

THE SCREW PROPELLER.

In 1781, when the steam engine, only recently
improved by Watt, was merely applied to the
more obvious purposes of mine drainage and the
like, Darwin, in his Botanic Garden, wrote —

" Soon shall thy arm, unconquer'd Steam ! afar
Drag the slow barge, or drive the rapid car."

And in an appended note prophecies that the new
agent might " in time be applied to the rowing of
barges, and the moving of carriages along the
road." The ingenious chronicler of the " loves of
the plants," however, was no doubt, when he wrote,
aware of the experiments of DAuxiron, Perier,
and De Jouffroy ; those prosecuted at Dalswinton
and in America were some years later, about
1787-8 I think. But in another and less widely
known poem by the same author, the Temple of
Nature, published in 1802, there occurs a very
complete anticipation of one of the most important

applications of science to navigation, which may
prove as novel and striking to some of your
readers as it did to me. It is, indeed, a remark-
able instance of scientific prevision. In a note to
line 373, canto ii. of the poem, the author sets out
with, " The progressive motion of fish beneath the
water is produced principally by the undulation
of their tails ; " and after giving the rationale of
the process, he goes on to say that " this power
seems to be better adapted to push forward a
body in the water than the oars of boats ; " con-
cluding with the query, " Might not some ma-
chinery resembling the tails of fish be placed
behind a boat so as to be moved with greater
effect than common oars, by the force of wind or
steam ? " Anon.

ANCIENT CHATTEL-PROPERTY IN IRELAND.

The Memoranda Roll of the Exchequer, 4 & 5
Edward II., membrane 14., contains a list of the
chattel-property of Richard de Fering, Archbishop
of Dublin, which had been sold by Master Walter
de Istelep, the custos of said See, for the sum of
112/. 10s. 9|c?. sterling, consisting, amongst other
things, of —

iij aflV, price xijs.

xiij bobus, iiijft. v*.

xlvij acr' warrectan' & rebinand' ibidem, Ixxs. \]d.

ij carucis cum apparatu, iiijs.

v crannoc' frumenti ad semen & liberationes famulorum

ibidem sibi venditis per predictum custodem, xxijs.

vjd.
xj crannoc', iij bussellis aven', xxxixs. iijef.
iij carucis cum apparatu, vjs.

The chattel-property of Sir James Delahyde is
set forth upon the Memoranda Roll 3 & 4 Rich. IL,
mem. 3. dorso, and is as follows :

" Unu' collobiu' de rubio scarleto duplucat' cu panno
rubio, unu' collobiu' duplex de sanguineto et Bukhorn',
unu' collobiu duplex, de sanguineto et nigro, unu' gip'
desericoauro int'text furrat' cu menivero, unu' gyp' de
rubio et nigro furrat' cu' calibir', unu' gyp' furrat cu'
grys, unu' paltok' de nigro serico, unu' paltok de nigro
panno, unu' paltok' de nigro Bustian, duo cap'icia,
una' pec' de rubio Wyrset, unam pec' de nigro Wyrset,
una' pec'panni linei vocat' Westenale, quinq; pec' Aule
pro camera & Aula, tres curtynis cu uno celuro de rubio
Wyrset, quinq; mappas, duas pelves cii lavatorio &
quatuor p'ia secular'."

Upon the attainder of William Fytzhenry of
Dublin, " Capytayn," in the reign of Edward VI.,
it was found by inquisition that he had " unum
torquem aureum ponder' septem uncias di," put
in pledge for 20Z., and worth 221. sterling. In tins
reign " quinque vasa vocat' fyrkyns de prunis "
each worth 6*. 8d. ; a firkin of wine, 5s. ; " a fyrkyn
de aceto," 6s. 8d. ; " quinque tycks," worth lis. 8d.
each ; and "duas duodenas cultellorum," worth 4s.,

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

395

were brought to Dublin from St. Mallow in Bri-
tanny. In this reign also 200 " grossos arbores,"
near Drogheda, were valued at 167.; 18 "porcos"
were worth 40s. ; 3 " inodios frumenti " worth
20s. ; and 5 " lagenas butteri," 20s. During this
reign a sum of 300Z. was paid out of the Treasury
to Sir William Seyntloo, for the purpose of forti-
fying, &o. the Castle of Dyngham, called " The
Governor of OfFayley," of which sum he paid to
Matthew Lynete, the Clerk of the Ordnance, —

For the hire of 4 carts from Dublin to the forte,

28th December, 71s. \\d. ster.
3 other carts from Dublin to the sayd forte, 27th March,

2 Ed\v. VI., 40s.
The carters that came from Dublin to the forte,

15th January and 19th April, 2 Edw. VI., for the

hire of 4 cartes by the space of 6 dayes, 53s. Ad.

In the 6 Edward VI. the goods of Thomas
Rothe of Kilkenny, merchant, which were seized
by a searcher at Waterford, consisted of " 30
pecias auri vocat' Crussades," and " un' wegge ar-
genti ponderant' xvj uncias argenti precij cujus-
libet uncie, 4s."

In the same year the property of Andrew Tyr-
rell, a merchant of Athboy, consisted of —
Unam fardellam sive paccam, contain- Sterling.

ing unam peciam de lychefeldkerfeys,

price ------ 36s.

Unam peciam de greneclothe - - At.
Di' duoden' pellium vocat' red leese - 3s. Ad.

1 duoden' de orphell skynnes - - 8s. Ad.
6 duoden' de Rosell gyrdels - - 12s.
Sex libr' de Brymstone - - - 2s.

3 duoden' de playng cardes - - 10s.

Un' gross' de fyne knyves - 48s.

26 libr' cerici voc' sylke - - - SI. 13s. Ad.

Un' gross' de red poynts - [104s. or 4s.]

Un' duoden' de pennars - [102s. or 2s.]

Sex libr' de bykeres - 102s.

1000 pynnes " 20rf.

Sex rubeas crumenas - - 2s.

Un' bagam de droggs - - - 4s.

Un' burden' de stele - 3s.

Sex boxes de comfetts - - - 1 2s.

6 duoden' de lokyng glasses - -• \8d.

Un' bolte de threde - - - - 2s. 8d.
Duas fyrkins de soketts - 5s.

Duas duoden' de combes - 12tf.

2 lb. of packethrede - 6<£

1 doz. of great bells - 16c?.

One payre of ballaunce - 8d.

One piece of red cloth - - - Al.

In Queen Mary's time, in Ireland, a yard of
black velvet was valued at 20s. sterling ; a yard
of purple-coloured damask, at 13s. Ad. sterling ;
and a yard of tawny-coloured damask, at 10s.
sterling.

The foregoing have been taken from the ancient
records of the Irish Exchequer.

James F. Ferguson.

Dublin.

BISHOP ATTERBURY.

I have observed in some former Numbers of
" N. & Q,.," that an interest has been manifested
in regard to the writings, and especially to the
letters, of this prelate. It may therefore be in-
teresting to your readers to be informed, that an
original painting, and perhaps the only one, of the
Bishop, is preserved at Trelawny House in Corn-
wall ; and from its close resemblance to the en-
graved portrait which is found in his works, I
have no doubt it is that from which that likeness
was taken. There are also several letters in the
handwriting of Bishop Atterbury among the
documents preserved in the collection at that
ancient mansion. That this portrait and the
letters should be preserved at Trelawny, is ex-
plained by the fact, that before his elevation to
the episcopal bench, Dr. Atterbury was chaplain
to Bishop Trelawny. J. C.

Lines by Bishop Atterbury on Mr. Harley
being stabbed by Guiscard :

" Devotum ut cordi sensit sub pectore ferrum,

Immoto Harlajus saucius ore stetit.
Dum tamen huic laata gratatur voce senatus,

Confusus subito pallor in ore sedet.
O pudor ! O virtus ! partes quam dignus utrasque

Sustinuit, vultu dispare, laude pari."

I found these lines written on the back of an odd
volume of Atterbury's Sermons. Most likely they
have already appeared in print. E. H. A.

Minor $0tr£.

" Milton Blind." — A little poem bearing this
title, and commencing —

" Though I am old and blind,"

is said to have been included in an edition of the
poet's works recently published at Oxford. It
was written by Miss Lloyd, a lady of this city, a
short time ago. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Hydropathy. — For a long time, I believe in
common with many others, I have imagined that
the water cure is of late origin, and that we are
indebted for it to Germany, to which we look for
all novel quackeries (good and bad) in medicine
and theology. This belief was put to flight a
short time ago by a pamphlet which I discovered
among others rare and curious. It is entitled
Curiosities of Common Water, or the Advantages
thereof m preventing and curing many Distempers.
The price of the pamphlet was one shilling, and the
author rejoices in the name of John Smith. After
his name follows a motto, the doctrine of which it

396

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

is the duty of all licensed to kill according to law
strenuously to protest against both by argument
and practice :

" That's the best physick which doth cure our ills
Without the charge of pothecaries pills."

E. W. J.

Crawley.

Cassie. — Me. M. A. Lower (a correspondent
of " N. & Q"), in his Essays on English Surnames
(see vol. ii. p. 63.), quotes from a brochure on
Scottish family names. He seems, from a foot-
note, to be in difficulty about the word cassie.
May I suggest to him that it is a corruption of
" causeway ?"

The "causeway" is, in Scotch towns, an usual
name for a particular street ; and of a man's sur-
name, his place of residence is a most common
source of derivation. W. T. M.

The Duke of Wellington. — Lord de Grey, in
his Characteristics of the Duke of Wellington,
pp. 171, 172., gives the following extract from the
despatches published by Colonel Gurwood, and
refers to vol. viii. p. 292. :

" It would undoubtedly be better if language of this
description were never used, and if officers placed as
you were could correct errors and neglect in language,
which should not hurt the feelings of the person ad-
dressed, and without vehemence."

Compare this passage with the following advice
which Don Quixote gives to Sancho Panza before
he sets off to take possession of his government :

" Al che has de castigar con obras, no trates mal
con palahras, pues le basta al desdichado la pena del
suplicio sin la anadidura de las malas razones." —
Part ii. ch. xlii.

See translation of Don Quixote by Jarvis, vol. iv.
b. nr. ch. x. p. 76.*

The very depreciatory terms in which the Em-
peror Napoleon used to speak of the Duke of
Wellington as a general is well known. The fol-
lowing extract from Forsyth's Napoleon at St.
Helena and Sir Hudson Lowe, appears to me
worthy of beincr brought under the notice of the
readers of "N.&Q.:"

" After the governor had left the bouse (upon the
death of Napoleon he had gone to the house of the
deceased with Major Gorrequer to make an inventory
of and seal up his papers), Count Montholon called
back Major Gorrequer to ask him a question, and he
mentioned that he had been searching for a paper dic-
tated to him by Napoleon a long time previously, and

* Jarvis translates the passage in Don Quixote, —
" Him you are to punish with deeds, do no evil ; in-
treat with words, for the pain of the punishment is
enough for the wretch to bear, without the addition of
ill-language."

which he was sorry he could not find, as it was an
eulogium on the Duke of Wellington, in which Napoleon
had spoken in the highest terms of praise of the
military conduct of the Duke." — See vol. hi. p. 299.

J. W. Farrer.

Romford Jury. — The following entry appears*
on the court register of the Romford Petty
Sessions (in Havering Liberty) for the year
1750, relating to the trial of two men charged
with an assault on Andrew Palmer. As a curious
illustration of the manner in which justice was
administered in country parts in " the good old
times," I think it may be interesting to the readers
of'N. & Q."

" The jury could not for several hours agree on
their verdict, seven being inclinable to find the de-
fendants guilty, and the others not guilty. It was
therefore proposed by the foreman to put twelve shil-
lings in a hat, and hustle most heads or tails, whether
guilty or not guilty. The defendants, therefore, were
acquitted, the chance happening in favour of not
guilty."

E. J. Sage.

Edward Law {Lord Ellenborough), Chief
Justice. — J. M.'s quotation of the song in the
Supplement to the Court of Sessions Garland
(Vol. ix., p. 221.), reminds me of the lines on
Mr. Law's being made Chief Justice :

" What signifies now, quirk, quihble, or flaw,
Since Law is made Justice, seek justice from Law."

W. COLLYNS..

Drewsteigntou.

Chamisso. — Chamisso, in his poem of " The-
Three Sisters," who, crushed with misery, con-
tended that each had the hardest lot, has this fine-
passage by the last speaker :

" In one brief sentence all my bitter cause
Of sorrow dwells — thou arbiter ! oh, pause

Ere yet thy final judgment thou assign,
And learn my better right — too clearly proved.
Four words comprise it — I was never loved t
The palm of grief thou wilt allow is mine."

"He knew humanity — there can be no grief like-
that grief. Death had bereaved one sister of her
lover — the second mourned over her fallen idol's
shame — the third exultingly says, —

' Have they not lived and loved? '"

The above is written in a beautiful Italian
female hand on the fly-leaf of the Basia, 1775.

E.D.

Dates of Maps. — It is very much to be wished
that map-makers would always affix to their maps-
the date of their execution ; the want of this in,
the maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge has often been an annoyance to me,
for it frequently happens that, one or both of two
maps including the same district are without date,

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

397

and when they differ in some of the minor details,
it requires some time and trouble to find, from
other sources, which is the most modern, and
therefore likely to be the most accurate.

J. S. Warden.

Walton. — The following cotemporary notice of
Ihe decease and character of honest Isaac's son, is
from a MS. Diary of the Rev. John Lewis, Rector
of Chalfield and Curate of Tilbury :

"1719, Dec. 29. Mr. Canon Walton of Polshott
died at Salisbury; he was one of the members of the
-clergy club that meets at Melksham, and a very pious,
sober, learned, inoffensive, charitable, good man."

E.D.

Whittingtori s Stone on Highgate Hill. — It is
-well that there is a " N. & Q." to record the re-
moval and disappearance of noted objects and
relics of antiquity, as one after another disappears
before the destroying hand of Time, and more
ruthless and relentless spirit of enterprise. I have
to ask you on the present occasion to record the
removal of Whittington's stone on Highgate Hill.
I discovered it as I strolled up the hill a few days
since. I was informed that it was removed about
a fortnight since, and a public-house is now being
built where it stood. Tee Bee.

Turkey and France. — The following fact, taken
from the foreign correspondence of The Times,
may suitably seek perpetuity in a corner of
"ST. &Q."

" I wish to mention a curious fact connected with
the port of Toulon, and with the long existing relations
between France and Turkey, and which I have not
seen mentioned, although it is recorded in the mu-
nicipal archives of this town. In the year 1543, the
sultan, Selim II., at the request of the King of France,
sent a large army and fleet to his assistance, under the
command of the celebrated Turkish admiral Barba-
rossa, who, according to the record, was the grandson
of a French renegade. This army and fleet occupied
the town and port of Toulon at the express wish of
Francis I., from the end of September 1543, to the
end of March 1544. And on 'this day, the last of
March 1 854, a French army and fleet has sailed from
the same port of Toulon to succour the descendant of
the Sultan Selim in his distress. What a remarkable
example of the rise and fall of empires ! "

It will not invalidate the force of the foregoing
extract to state, that Selim II. did not become
sultan until 1566, and that it must have been his
father Suleyman (whom he succeeded) who came
to the rescue of France in 1543. The same
Turkish fleet was afterwards nearly annihilated
by the Venetians in 1571, at the battle of Le-
l>anto. Geo. Dtmond.

©ucrtaS.

A FEMALE AIDE-MAJOK.

The following is an extract from the letter of
the French general, Custine, to the National
Convention, June 14, 1793 :

" My morality is attacked ; it is found out that I
have a woman for my aide-de-camp. Without pre-
tending to be a Joseph, I know too well how to respect
myself, and the laws of public decency, ever to render
myself guilty of such an absurdity. I found in the
army a woman under the uniform of a volunteer bom-
bardier, who, in fulfilling that duty at the siege of
Liege, had received a musket-ball in the leg. She
presented herself to the National Convention, desired
to continue her military service, and was admitted to
the honours of the sitting. She was afterwards sent
by you, Representatives, to the Minister of War, who
gave her the rank of aide-major to the army. On my
arrival here, the representatives of the people, com-
missioners with this army, had dismissed her. Her
grief was extreme ; and the phrenzy of her imagination,
and her love for glory, would have carried her to the
last extremity. I solicited the representatives of the
people to leave her that rank which her merit and
wounds had procured her; and they consented to it.
This is the truth. She is not my aide-de-camp, but
attached to the staff as aide-major. Since that time I
have never had any public or private conversation with
her." — From the Political State of Europe, 1793,
p. 164.

Can any of your readers furnish me with the
name and history of this French heroine ?

James.
Philadelphia.

fflhxav (Huzvitg.

" Chintz Gowns." — Tuesday, Jan. 9, 1768 :

" Two ladies were convicted before the Lord Mayor,
in the penalty of 51., for wearing chintz gowns." —
Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xxxviii. p. 395.

Can any other instances be given ? Investigator.

"Nodes Amhrosianccy — Can any one inform
me why the celebrated " Noctes AmbrosianaB" of
Blackwood's Magazine has never been printed in a
separate form in this country (I understand it has
been so in America) ? I should think few re-
publications would meet with a larger sale.

S. Wmson.

B. Simmons. — Will you permit me to ask for a
little information respecting B. Simmons ? I be-
lieve he was born in the county of Cork : for he
has sung, in most bewitching strains, his return to
his native home on the banks of the Funcheon.
He was the writer of that great poem on the
" Disinterment of Napoleon," which appeared in
Blackwood some years ago. He was a regular

398

NOTES AND QUERIES

[No. 235.

poetical contributor to its pages for many years.
He held a situation in the Excise Office in London,
and died there I believe in July, 1852.

What manner of man was he ; young or old,
married or single ? Any information respecting
such a child of genius and of song must be in-
teresting to those who have ever read a line of his
wondrous poems. To what other periodicals did
he contribute ? Ith.

Green Stockings. — Is the custom of sending a
pair of green stockings to the eldest unmarried
daughter of a family, upon the occasion of the
marriage of a younger sister, of English, Irish, or
Scottish origin ? L. A.

Nicholas Kieten. — In the thirteenth century,
" there was a giant in Holland named Nicholas
Kieten, whose size was so prodigious, that he
carried men under his arms like little children.
His shoe was so large, that four men together
could put their feet in it. Children were too ter-
rified to look him in the face, and fled from his
presence." So says our author; but he does not
give the dimensions of Kieten. May not such a
real giant, in the thirteenth century, have laid the
foundation of the fabulous stories of giants that
have for so many years been the favourite ro-
mances of the nursery? Kieten appears to be
the type of the giants of our modern panto-
mimes. Will he serve as a key, to disclose the
origin of these marvellous stories and captivating
absurdities ? Timon.

Warwickshire Badge. — Will you permit me to
ask, through your journal, if any of your readers
can inform me whether the proper Warwickshire
badge is " the antelope" or " the bear and ragged
staff?" The former is borne by the 6th regiment
of the line, they being the Royal First Warwick-
shire. The latter is borne by the 36th regiment
of militia, they being the First Warwickshire.
This latter badge is also borne by the retainers of
the Earls of Warwick and Leicester ; which latter
county would seem to lay as much claim to the
bear and ragged staff as Warwick does.

The county cannot well have both, or either ;
and this makes me think that the bear and ragged
staff is not a county badge, but pertains more pro-
perly to the Earl of Warwick. Antiquary.

Armorial. — Will any correspondent oblige me
with the names to the following coats : 1. Arg.,
three hares (or conies) gu. 2. Arg., on a bend
engrailed vert, between two bucks' heads cabossed
sable, attired or, three besants ; a canton erminois.
3. Quarterly, per fesse indented sable and or. 4.
Per pale sable and or, a cheveron between three
escallop shells, all counterchanged. 5. Gu., a
lion rampant arg. Glover's Ordinary of Arms
would, I think, answer the above Query ; and if

any of your numerous readers, who possess that
valuable work, would refer to it in this case, they
would be conferring a favour on your constant
subscriber, Cid.

_ Would any correspondent help me to the solu-
tion of the following case ? — A. was the last and
only representative of an ancient family : he left
at his decease, some years ago, a daughter and
heiress who married B. Can the issue of B.
(having no arms of their own) legally use the
arms, quarterings, crest, and motto of A., without
a license from the Heralds' College ? Cid.

Lord Brougham and Home Tooke. — In Lord
Brougham's Statesmen of the Time of George III.,
he says of Mr. Home Tooke :

" Thus he (H. T.) would hold that the law of libel
was unjust and absurd, because libel means a little
book."

Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." say on
what occasion Tooke maintained this strange doc-
trine, or where his Lordship obtained his inform-
ation that Tooke did maintain it ? Q.

Bloomsbury.

Rileys of Forest Hill. — Can any of your cor-
respondents inform me relative to the arms and
motto of the Rileys of (Forest Hill) Windsor,
Berks, their descent, &c. ? J. M. R.

Fish " Lavidian." — In some ancient acts of
parliament mention is made of a fish called "la-
vidian," and from the regulations made concerning
it, it appears to have been of such small size as to
be capable of being caught in the meshes of an
ordinary net. But I cannot find that this name is
contained in any of the books of natural history,
written by such authors as Gesner or Rondeletius.
Is it at this time a common name anywhere ? Or
can any of your readers assist in determining the
species ? J. C.

" Poeta nascitur, non ft." — Can any of your
correspondents inform me who is the author of
the well-known saying —

" Poeta nascitur, non fit " ?

I have more than once seen it quoted as from
Horace, but I have never been able to find it in
any classical author whose works I have examined.
Cicero expresses a similar sentiment in his oration
for the poet Archias, cap. viii. :

" Atqui sic a summis hominibus eruditissimisque
accepimus, ceterarum rerum studia, et doctrina, et pra-
ceptis, et arte constare : poetam natura ipsa valere, et
mentis viribus excitari, et quasi divino quodam spiritu
inflari."

J. P.

Boston, U. S, A.

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

399

John Wesley and the Duke of Wellington. — It
has always been understood that the property be-
queathed to the Colleys, who in consequence took
the surname of Wesley, afterwards altered to
Wellesley, was offered to and declined by the
father of John Wesley, who would not allow his
son to accept the condition, a residence in Ire-
land, and the being adopted by the legatee. Has
there been a relationship ever proved between the
founder of the Methodists and the victor of Wa-
terloo ? Prestoniensis.

Haviland. — Can any of your Plymouth cor-
respondents give any information, as tombs, in
memory of persons of the name of Haviland,
Havilland, or De Havilland, existing in the
churches of that place, of a date prior to
a.d. 1688? Mention is made of such tombs as
existing in a letter of that date in my possession.
Also, in what chronicle or history of the Conquest
of England, mention is made of a Sieur de Ha-
villand, as having accompanied Duke William
from Normandy on that occasion ? D. F. T.

Bi/j-on. — Will you kindly inform me, through
the medium of your " N. & Q.," whence the line
" All went merry as a marriage bell " (in Byron's
Childe Harold) is derived ? C. B.

" Rutabaga." — What is the etymology of the
word rutabaga ? I have heard one solution of it,
but wish to ascertain whether there is any other.
The word is extensively used in the United States
for Swedish turnips or " Swedes." Luccus.

A Medal. — A family in this city possesses a
silver medal granted to Joseph Swift, a native of
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, by the University of
Oxford or of Cambridge, of which the following is
a description. It is about two inches in diameter ;
on the face are the head and bust of Queen Anne
in profile, with an inscription setting forth her
royal title, and on the reverse a full-length figure
of Britannia, with ships sailing and men ploughing
in the background, and this motto, " Compositis
venerantur Annis." The date is mdccxiii. An
explanation of the object of the medal is desired.

Oldbuck.

Philadelphia.

The Black Cap. — Can any of your antiquarian
legal readers inform me of the origin of the
custom of the judges putting on a black cap when
pronouncing sentence of death upon a criminal ?
I can find no illustration of this peculiar custom
in Blackstone, Stephens, or other constitutional
writers. F. J. Q.

The Aboriginal Britons. — A friend of mine
wants some information as to the history, con-
dition, manners, &c. of the Britons, prior to the

arrival of the Romans. What work, accessible to
ordinary readers, supplies the best compendium of
what is known on this subject ? The fullest
account of which I have, just now, any recollection,
is contained in Milton's History of England, in-
cluded in an edition of Milton's Prose Works,
three vols, folio, Amsterdam, 1694. Is Milton's
History a work of any merit or authority?

II. Martin.
Halifax.

#tut0r <&uzvicfZ tut'tlj ansfu3cr£f.

" Gossip." — This word, in its obsolete sense,
according no doubt to its Saxon origin, means a
sponsor, one who answers for a child in baptism, a
godfather. Its modern acceptation we all know
to be widely different. Can any of your corre-
spondents quote a passage or two from old English
authors, wherein its obsolete sense is preserved ?

N. L. J.

[The word occurs in Chaucer, The Wyf of Bathes
Prologue, v. 5825. :

" And if I have a gossib, or a friend,
(Withouten gilt) thou chidest as a frend,
If that I walke or play into his hous."

And in Spenser, Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 12. :

" One mother, when as her foole-hardy child

Did come too neare, and with his talons play,
Halfe dead through feare, her little babe reuil'd,
And to her gossips gan in counsell say."

Master Richard Verstegan is more to the point :

" Our Christian ancestors, understanding a spiritual
affinity to grow between the parents and such as un-
dertooke for the child at baptisme, called each other
by the name of Godsib, which is as much as to say,
that they were Mi together, that is, of kin together
through God. And the child, in like manner, called
such his God-fathers, or God -mothers." — Restitution
of Decayed Intelligence, ch. vii.

A quotation or two from that delightful old gossip,
Mr. Pepys, will show its use in the middle of the
seventeenth century :

" Lord's Day. With my wife to church. At noon
dined nobly, ourselves alone. After dinner, my wife
and Mercer by coach to Greenwich, to be gossip to
Mrs. Daniel's child. My wife much pleased with the
reception she had, and she was godmother, and did bold
the child at the font, and it is called John." — Diary,
May 20, 1666.

" Lord's Day. My wife and I to Mr. Martin's,
where I find the company almost all come to the
christening of Mrs. Martin's child, a girl. After sit-
ting long, till the church was done, the parson comes,
and then we to christen the child. I was godfather,
and Mrs. Holder (her husband, a good man, 1 know
well) and a pretty lady that waits, it seems, on my
Lady Bath at Whitehall, her name Mrs. Noble, were
godmothers. After the christening comes in the wine

400

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

and sweetmeats, and then to prate and tattle, and then
very good company they were, and I among them.
Here was Mrs. Burroughs and Mrs. Bales (the young
widow whom I led home) ; aud having staid till the
moon was up, I took my pretty gossip to Whitehall
with us, aud I saw her in her lodging." — Ibid., Dec. 2,
1666.}

Humphry Repton. — To snatch from utter ob-
livion the once highly reputed Humphry, the
king of landscape gardeners, to whom inany of our
baronial parks owe much of their picturesque
beauty, and who, by the side of Sir Joseph Paxton,
would now most duly have taken knightful station
in these go-ahead days, I ask, in what publication
was it, that in 1780, or thereabouts, being an in-
defatigable attendant at all exhibitions and sales
of art, he, the said Humphry, was accustomed
(as well able he was) to enlighten the public upon
what was passing in matters of art now nearly
three quarters of a century ago? Was it the
Bee ? Again, did he not, at his death, leave two
large volumes for publication, entitled Recollections
of my Past Life ? Where are these ? Inquest.

[The MS. collection of the late Humphry Repton,
containing interesting details of his public and private
life, has been used by Mr. Loudon in his biogra-
phical notice of Repton prefixed to the last edition
of The Landscape Gardening, 8vo., 1840. Mr. Loudon
states that 'these papers were left as a valued memo-
rial for his children : it may be imagined, therefore,
that they contain details of a private nature, which
would be found devoid of interest to the world. Mr.
Repton, indeed, possessed a mind as keenly alive to
the ludicrous, as it was open to all that was excellent,
in the variety of characters with whom his extensive
professional connexions brought him acquainted ; and
he did not fail to observe and note down many curious
circumstances and traits of character, in themselves
highly amusing, but, for obvious reasons, unfit subjects
for publication. Not one taint of satire or ill-nature,
however, ever sullied the wit which flowed spontane-
ously from a mind sportive sometimes even to exu-
berance." His artistic critiques will be found in
the following works : The Bee ; or, a Critique on the
Exhibition of Paintings at Somerset House, 1788, 8vo.
Variety: a Collection of Essays, 1788, 12mo. The
Bee : a Critique on the Shakspeare Gallery, 1789, 8vo.
Odd IVliims ; being a republication of some papers in
Variety, with a Comedy and other Poems, 2 vols. 1 2mo.,
1804.]

" Oriel." — I should be glad if any of your cor-
respondents could inform me of the origin of the
term oriel, as applied to a window ? It is not,
I believe, necessarily to the East. T. L. ST.

Jamaica.

\_Oriol, or Oriel, is a portico or court; also a small
room near the hall in monasteries, where particular
persons dined. (Blount's Glossog.) Du Cange says,
t Oriolum, porticus, atrium;" and quotes Matthew
Paris for it. Supposed by some to be a diminutive

from area, or areola. " In modern writings," says
Nares, " we meet with mention of Oriel windows. I
doubt the propriety of the expression ; but, if right,
they must mean those windows that project like a
porch, or small room. At St. Albans was an oriel,
or apartment for persons not so sick as to retire to
the infirmary. (Fosbroke's Brit. Monachism, vol. ii.
p. 160.) I may be wrong in my notion of oriel win-
dow, but I have not met with ancient authority for
that expression. Cowel conjectured that Oriel College,
in Oxford, took its name from some such room or
portico. There is a remarkable portico, in the farther
side of the first quadrangle, but not old enough to
have given the name. It might, however, be only the
successor of one more ancient, and more exactly an
oriel." For articles on the disputed derivation of this
term, which seems involved in obscurity, see Parker's
Glossary of Architecture ; a curious paper by Mr. Ham-
per, in Archaologia, vol. xxiii. ; and Gentleman s Maga-
zine for Nov. 1823, p. 424., and March, 1824, p. 229.]

" Orchard." — Professor Martyn, in his Notes
on Virgil's Georgics, seems to be of opinion that
the English word " orchard " is derived from the
Greek opxaTos, which Homer uses to express the
garden of Alcinous ; and he observes that Milton
writes it orchat, thereby corroborating this im-
pression. Is the word spelt according to Milton's
form by any other writers ? N. L. J.

[It is spelt orchat by J. Philips, Cider, book i. :

" Else false hopes

He cherishes, nor will his fruit expect

Th' autumnal season, but in summer's pride,

When other orchats smile, abortive fail."]

"Pechvater." — Why is the quadrangle at Christ
Church, in Oxford, called " Peckwater ? " N. L. J.

[The Peckwater Quadrangle derives its name from
an ancient hostle, or inn, which stood on the south-
west corner of the present court ; and was the property
of Ralph, the son of Richard Peckwater, who gave it
to St. Frideswide's Priory, SOth Henry III. ; and
about the middle of the reign of Henry VIII., another
inn, called Vine Hall, was added to it; which, with
other buildings, were reduced into a quadrangle in the
time of Dean Duppa and Dr. Samuel Fell. The two
inns were afterwards known by the name of Vine Hall,
or Peckwater's Inn ; and by this name were given to
Christ Church, in 1547, by Henry VIII.]

Richard III. — What became of the body after
the battle of Bosworth Field ? Was it buried at
Leicester ? A. Bbiton.

Athenaeum.

[After the battle of Bosworth Field, the body of
Richard III. was stript, laid across a horse behind a
pursuivant-at-arms, and conducted to Leicester, where,
after it had been exposed for two days, it was buried
with little ceremony in the church of the Grey Friars.
In Burton's MS. of the History of Leicester, we
read that, " within the town was a house of Franciscan
or Grey Friars, built by Simon Montfort, Earl of

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

401

Leicester, whither (after Bosworth Field) the dead
body of Richard III., naked, trussed behind a pur-
suivant-at-arms, all dashed with mire and blood, was
there brought and homely buried ; where afterward
King Henry VII. (out of a royal disposition) erected
for him a fair alabaster monument, with his picture cut
out, and made thereon." — Quoted in Nichols's Leices-
tershire, vol. i. p. 357. : see also pp. 298. 381.]'

Binding of old Boohs. — I shall feel obliged to
any of your readers who will tell me how to polish
up the covers of old books when the leather has
got dry and cracked. Bookbinders use some com-
position made of glair, or white of egg, which pro-
duces a very glossy appearance. How is it made
and used ? and how do they polish the leather
afterwards? Is there any little work on book-
binding ? Cpl.

[Take white of an egg, break it with a fork, and,
having first cleaned the leather with dry flannel, apply
the egg with a soft sponge. Where the leather is
rubbed or decayed, rub a little paste with the finger
into the parts affected, to fill up the broken grain,
otherwise the glair would sink in and turn it black.
To 'produce a polished surface, a hot iron must be
rubbed over the leather. The following is, however,
an easier, if not a better, method. Purchase some
** bookbinders' varnish," which may be had at any
colour shop ; clean the leather well, as before ; if ne-
cessary, use a little water in doing so, but rub quite
dry with a flannel before varnishing: apply your varnish
with wool, lint, or a very soft sponge, and place to
dry.]

Vessel of Paper. — When I was at school in the
north of Ireland, not very many years ago, a piece
of paper, about the octavo size, used for writing
" exercises," was commonly known amongst us as
a vessel of paper. Can any of your correspon-
dents tell me the origin of the phrase ; and
whether it is in use in other localities ? Abhba.

[Lemon, in his English Etymology, has the following
remarks on this phrase: — "Vessel of Paper: The
etymology of this word does not at first sight appear
very evident ; but a derivation has been lately suggested
to me, which seems to carry some probability with it ;
viz. that a vessel of paper may have derived its appel-
lation from fasciculus, or fasciola ; quasi vassiola ; a
vessel, or small slip of paper ; a little winding band, or
swathing cloth ; a garter ; a fascia, a small narrow
binding. The root is undoubtedly fascis, a bundle,
or anything tied up ; also, the fillet with which it is
bound."]

JtepIteS.

KING JAMES'S HUSH ARM! LIST, 1689.

(Vol.ix., pp.30, 31.)

My collections are arranged for illustrating, in
the manner alluded to in the above notice, up-
wards of four hundred families. In Tyrconnel's

Horse, I find a Dominick Sheldon, Lieut.-Colonel.
His name appears in the "Establishment" of
1687-8 for a pension of 200Z. Early in the
campaign, he was actively opposed to the revo-
lutionary party in Down and Antrim ; and was
afterwards joined in an unsuccessful negotiation
for the surrender of Derry. At the battle of the
Boyne he commanded the cavalry, and in a gal-
lant charge nearly retrieved the day, but had
two horses shot under him. When Tyrconnel left
Ireland for France, to aid the cause of the Stuarts,
he selected this colonel as one of the directory,
who were to advise the young Duke of Berwick,
to whom Tyrconnel had committed the command
of the Irish army, and who was afterwards so dis-
tinguished in the wars of the brigades abroad.
After the capitulation of Limerick in 1691, Sars-
field, then the beloved commander of the last
adherents of the cause of the royal exile, intrusted
to Colonel Sheldon the care of embarking all who
preferred a foreign land to the new government ;
and King James (for, in justice to my subject, I
must still style him King) especially thanked him
for his performance of that duty. When his own
regiment was brigaded in France, it was called,
par excellence, " the King's Regiment ;" and Do-
minick Sheldon, "an Englishman," was gazetted
its Colonel. The successes of his gallant band are
recorded, in 1702, at the confluence of the Mincio
and the Po ; in 1703, against the Imperialists under
Visconti, when he was wounded ; in the army of
the Rhine, and at the battle of Spire within the
same year, &c. He appears, throughout his career,
an individual of whom his descendants should be
proud ; but I cannot discover the house of this
Englishman.

In the Outlawries of 1691, he is described on
one as "of the city of Dublin;" on another, as "of
Pennyburn Mill, co. Derry." No other person of
his name appears in my whole Arrmj List; although
the " Diary" preserved in the Harleian Miscellany
(old edit., vol. vii. p. 482.) erroneously suggests a
subaltern of his name. In the titular Court of
St. Germains, two of the name of Sheldon were of
the Board of Green Cloth. Dr. Gilbert Sheldon
was Archbishop of Canterbury in the middle of
the seventeenth century ; and the Sheldons are
shown by Burke to be still an existing family at
Brailes House in Warwickshire, previously in
Oxfordshire, and semble in Staffordshire. I have
made application on the subject to Mr. Sheldon of
Brailes House, the more confidently as the Chris-
tian name of "Ralph" is frequent in the pedigree
of that family, and Colonel Dominick Sheldon had
a brother Ralph ; but Mr. Sheldon could not satisfy
me.

One of the adventurers or soldiers in Cromwell's
time, in Ireland, was a William Sheldon ; who, on
the Restoration, in the royal policy of that day, ob-
tained a patent for the lands in Tipperary, which

402

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

the usurping powers had allotted for him by cer-
tificate. Could Colonel Dominick have been his
relative ?

I pray information on this subject, and any
others connected with the Army List, with any
documentary assistance which, or the inspection of
which, the correspondents of "N. & Q." may afford
me ; and such services will be thankfully acknow-
ledged. If I were aided with such by them, and
by the old families of Ireland, the work should be
a gem. John D'Aeton.

48. Summer Hill, Dublin.

quotations wanted.

(Vol. ix., pp. 247. 301.)

" The knights are dust,
Their good swords are rust,
Their souls are with the saints, we trust."

This seems to be an imperfect recollection of the
concluding lines of a short poem by Coleridge,
entitled " The Knight's Tomb." (See Poems of
S. T. Coleridge: Moxon, 1852, p. 306.)
The correct reading is as follows :

" The knight's bones are dust,
And his good sword rust ;
His soul is with the saints, I trust."

G. Tatlob.

Your correspondent's mutilated version I have
seen on a china match-box, in the shape of a Cru-
sader's tomb. C. Mansfield Ingleby.

" Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love."

These lines are also Coleridge's (Poems, &c,
p. 30., edit. 1852). He afterwards added the fol-
lowing note on this passage :

" I utterly recant the sentiment contained in the
lines —

Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love
Aught to implore were impotence of mind;

it being written in Scripture, 'Ask, and it sball be given
you !' and my human reason being, moreover, con-
vinced of the propriety of ofFering petitions, as well as
thanksgivings, to Deity.— S. T. C, 1797."

H. G. T.

Weston-super-Mare.

The line quoted (p. 247.) as having been ap-
plied by Twining to Pope's Homer, is from Ti-
bullus, iii. 6. 56. P. J. F. Gantileon.

" A fellow feeling makes us wond'rous kind,"

is to be found in the epilogue written and spoken
by Garrick on quitting the stage, 1776.*

[* See " N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 300.]

A parallel passage appears in Troilus and Cres-
sida, Act III. Sc. 3. :

" One touch of nature makes the whole world kin."

Newbcbiensis.

The following lines, and the accompanying pa-
raphrase, probably those inquired after by X. Y.,
are in Davison's Poems, or a Poetical Rhapsody
(p. 50., 4th impression, 1621), where they form
the third "device." I do not know who the writer
was.

" Quid pluma laevius? Pulvis. Quid pulvere ? Ven-
tus.
Quidvento? Mulier. Quid muliere? Nihil."

" Dust is lighter than a feather,
And the wind more light than either;
But a woman's fickle mind
More than a feather, dust, or wind."

F. E. E.

The lines quoted by L. are the first two (a
little altered) in the opening stanza of a ballad
entitled The Berkshire Lady. The correct ver-
sion (I speak on the authority of a copy which I
procured nearly thirty years ago in the great
ballad-mart of those days, the Seven Dials) is, —

" Bachelors of every station,
Mark this strange but true relation,
Which in brief to you I bring ;
Never was a stranger thing."

The ballad is an account of " love at first sight,"
inspired in the breast of a young lady, wealthy
and beautiful of course, but who, disdaining such
adventitious aids, achieves at the sword's point,
and covered with a mask, her marriage with the
object of her passion. It is much too long, and
not of sufficient merit, for insertion in " N. & Q."

F. E. E.

(Vol. viii., pp. 364. 605. ; Vol. ix., p. 45.)

I am extremely obliged to your several corre-
spondents who have replied to my Query.

I now send you " a remarkable case," which
occurred in 1657, and throws considerable light
upon the subject.

Dr. Owen, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, being a
witness for the plaintiff in a cause, refused to be
sworn in the usual manner, by laying his right hand
upon the booh, and by hissing it afterwards ; but he
caused the book to be held open before him, and
he raised his right hand ; whereupon the jury
prayed the direction of the Court whether they
ought to weigh such evidence as strongly as the
evidence of another witness. Glyn, Chief Justice,
answered them, that in his opinion he had taken

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

403

as strong an oath as any other of the witnesses ;
but he added that, if he himself were to be sworn,
he would lay his right hand upon the book itself
(il voilt deponer sa maine dexter sur le liver mesme).
Colt v. Dutton, 2 Siderfin's R. 6.

This case shows that the usual practice at the
time it was decided was, not to take the book in
the hand, but to lay the hand upon it. Now, if a
person laid his hand upon a book, which rested on
anything else, he most probably would lay his
fingers upon it, and, if he afterwards kissed it,
would raise it with his fingers at the top, and his
thumb under the book; and possibly this may
account for the practice I mentioned of the Welsh
witnesses, which, like many other usages, may
have been once universally prevalent, but now
have generally ceased.

With regard to kissing the book, so far from
assuming that it was essential, I stated that "in
none of these instances does kissing the book ap-
pear to be essential." Indeed, as, " upon the prin-
ciples of the common law, there is no particular
form essential to an oath to be taken by a witness ;
but as the purpose of it is to bind his conscience,
every man of every religion should be bound by
that form which he himself thinks will bind his
own conscience most" (per Lord Mansfield, Chief
Justice, Atcheson v. Everitt, Cowper's R. 389.),
the form of the oath will vary according to the
particular opinion of the witness.

Lord Mansfield, in the case just mentioned,
referred to the case in Siderfin, and stated that
" the Christian oath was settled in very ancient
times ; " and it may, perhaps, be inferred that he
meant that it was so settled in the form there
mentioned ; but, as he inaccurately translates the
words I have given thus, " If I were sworn, I
would kiss the booh," it may be doubtful Avhether
he did not consider kissing the book as a part of
the form of the oath so settled.

I cannot assent to the opinion of Paley, that the
term corporal, as applied to oath, was derived
from the corporale — the square piece of linen on
which the chalice and host were placed. The term
doubtless was adopted, in order to distinguish
some oaths from others ; and it would be very
strange if it had become the invariable practice
to apply it to all that large class of oaths, in every
civil and criminal tribunal, to which it did not
apply ; and when it is remembered that in in-
dictments (which have ever been construed with
the strictest regard to the truth of the statements
contained in them) this term has always been
used where the book has been touched, and where
the use of the term, if incorrect, would inevitably
have led to an acquittal, no one I think can doubt
that Paley is in error.

In addition to the authorities I before referred
to, I may mention that Puffendorff clearly uses the
term in the sense I attributed to it ; and so does

Mr. Barbeyrac, in his note to " corporal oath," as
used by Puffendorff, where he says : " Juramentum
corporale, or, as it is called in the code, juramen-
tum corporalitcr praestitum;" and then refers to
a rescript of Alexander, where the terms used are
" jurejurando corporalitcr prasstito." (Puffendorff,
Law of Nature and Nations, lib. iv. ss. 11. and 16.,
pp. 345. and 350. : London, 1729.) And it seems
very probable that the term came to us from the
Romans ; and as it appears from the books, re-
ferred to in the notes to s. 16., that there were
some instances in which an oath had been taken
by proxy, it may, perhaps, be that the term cor-
poral was originally used to distinguish such oaths
as were taken by the party himself from such as
were taken by proxy.

The word corporale plainly is the "corporale
Linteum," on which the sacred elements were
placed, and by which they were covered ; and no
doubt were so used, because it covered or touched
what was considered to be the very body of our
blessed Lord. In fact, the term is the same,
whether it be applied to oath or cloth ; and when
used with oath, it is used in the same sense as our
immortal bard uses it in " corporal suffering" and
" corporal toil." S. G. C.

As the various forms in which oaths have been
administered and taken is a question not alto-
gether devoid of interest, I would wish to add a
few words to what I have already written upon
this subject. The earliest notice of this ceremony
is probably that which is to be found in Genesis
xxiv. 2, 3. :

" And Abraham said unto his eldest servant of his
house, that ruled over all that he had, Put, I pray thee,
thy hand under my thigh ; And I will make thee swear,"
&c.

That at a very early period the soldier swore by
his sword, is shown by the Anglo-Norman poem
on the conquest of Ireland by Henry IL, pub-
lished by Thomas Wright, Esq.: London, 1837,
p. 101. :

" Morice par sa espe ad jure,
N' i ad vassal si ose."

In a charter of the thirteenth century, made by
one Hugh de Sarnefelde to the Abbey of Thomas-
court in Dublin, of a certain annuity, we find the
passage :

" Et sciendum quod jam dictus Adam de Sarnefelde
affidavit in manu Magistri Roberti de Bedeford pro
se et heredibus suis quod fideliter et absque omni fal-
lacia persolvent, etc. redditum prenominatum."

And such clauses are probably of frequent oc-
currence in ancient charters. The expression
" affidavit in manu" may be perhaps explained by
referring to the mode in which the oath of homage
was accustomed to be taken. This form, as it was
of old time observed in England, is, I presume,

404

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

fully described in other publications ; but as many
of the most valuable of the ancient public records
of Ireland have been, and are still, in a sadly ne-
glected state, it is not probable that the following
description of the manner in which certain of the
Irish chieftains in the time of Richard II. per-
formed their homage to Thomas Earl of Notting-
ham, his deputy, has been hitherto printed :

" Gerraldus O'Bryn predictus zonam, glaudium et
capitium ipsius a se amovens, et genibus flexis ad
pedes dicti domini comitis procedit, ambas manus suas
palmis [adgremium] junctis erigens, et inter manus
dicti domini comitis erectas tenens, protulit hec verba in
lingua hibernicana," &c. — Inquisition deposited in the
Exchequer Record Office, Dublin ; James I. No. 84.

James F. Ferguson.
Dublin.

REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS.

(Vol.viii., p. 81.)

Some time ago I suggested, in the columns of
" N. & Q.," a collection which might prove in-
teresting, of the remuneration received by authors
for their works, sending my first instalment there-
of. A correspondent (W. R.) has since contri-
buted to the stock ; and I now beg to add a few
more cases which have lately occurred to me. In
the instances of plays, &c, I have confined myself
to the sums paid for the copyright ; any remune-
ration accruing to the author from the perform-
ance, a share of the profit, benefit, &c. &c. being
too diffuse to bring into a tabular form ; and, in
the case of works published while that servile
system was in vogue, I have not attempted to
record the amounts paid for dedications by the
inflated " patrons," nor even those raised by sub-
scription, except in one or two cases, where such
was (which was rarely the case) a genuine trans-
action :

Title of Work.

Author.

Price.

Publisher.

Authority.

Phcedra ....

Edmund Smith

mi.

Lintot.

Dr. Johnson.

The Wanderer ...

.

.Savage

10/. 10*.

.

Ditto.

Beggar's Opera -

.

Gay

400/.

-

Spence.

Poems ....

.

Ditto

1000/.

Subscription

Dr. Johnson.

Translation of eight books of the Odyssey, and

W. Broome

600/.

Paid by Pope

Ditto.

all the notes.

Ditto of four books of ditto

_

Fenton

300/.

Ditto

Ditto.

Edition of Shakspeare

.

Pope

217/. Vis.

Ton son

Ditto.

Amynta and Theodora

.

Mallet

120/.

Vaillant.

Ditto.

The Poor Gentleman

.

G Colman, sen.

150/.

.

R. 15. Peake.

Who wants a Guinea ?

.

Ditto

1.50/.

.

Ditto.

Tales from Shakspeare

-

Charles Lamb
Mary Lamb
Charles Lamb

63/.

-

Himself.

Contributions for two years to the London Maga-

170/.

_

T. Moore, Lord J.

zine.

Russell.

The King of Prussia's works, translation of

Tlios. Holcroft

1200/.

•

Gait.

Exchange no Robbery

.

Theodore Hook

60/.

-

R. H. D. Barham.

Sayings and Doings (1st series)

.

Ditto

600/.

Colburn

Ditto.

Ditto (2nd series) -

-

Ditto

1050/.
150/.

Ditto

Ditto.

Ditto (3rd series) -

Ditto

200/.
1050/.

Ditto

Ditto.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths

.

Ditto

600Z.

Ditto

Ditto.

Editorship of Colburn's New Monthly

.

Ditto

400/. per annum.

,Pi,t0

Ditto.

Rejected Addresses ...

.

J. and H. Smith

131/. after 16th edition

Murray

H. Smith.

Country Cousins )

( Paid for by

)

A Trip to Paris {
Air Ballooning (

-

James Smith.

1000/.

) C. Matthews
j for his Enter-

\ Himself.

A Trip to America )

ic tainments.

)

Alexander Andrews.

OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.

(Vol. viii., p. 535.)

The list of Occasional Forms of Prayer, recently
contributed to your pages by the Rev. Thomas
Lathbury, contained no less than forty-eight
items. All the forms which he enumerates, with
one exception, are earlier than the year 1700.
Using the same limitation of date, I send you
herewith a farther list of such occasional forms :
all these are to be found in the British Museum,

and the press-marks by which they are designated
in the catalogue are here added. The present list
comprises fifty-one items, all of them, I think, dif-
ferent from those which have been already men-
tioned. Unless otherwise stated, the copies of the
forms here referred to are printed at London, and
they are for the most part in black-letter, with-
out pagination.

A Psalme and Collect of Thankesgiving, not unmeet for
the present Time [i.e. after the defeat of the Spanish
Armada]. 1588. (3406. c.)

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

405

An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving (necessary to
be used in these dangerous Times) for the Safetie
and Preservation of her Majestie and this Realm.
1598.

A revision of the form first issued in 1594. (3406.
c.)l.

Certain Prayers collected out of a Form of godly Me-
ditations ... to be used at this Time in the present
Visitation of God's heavy Hand, &c. With the
Order of a Fast to be kept every Wednesday.
1603. (3406. c.)

Thanksgiving, August 5 ; being the Day of his High-
nesse's happy Deliverance from the trayterous and
bloody Attempt of the Earle of Gowry and his Bro-
ther, with their Adherents. 1606. (3406. c.)

Forme of Common Prayer, together with an Order of
Fasting : for the averting of God's heavy Visitation
upon many Places of this Kingdom [two editions,
the second with a few MS. notes]. 1625. (3406.
d.) Land (3406. d. 1.) 2.

Thanksgiving. March 27, 1626. (3405. d. 1.) 4.

Prayer for Safety and Preservation of his Majestie and
this Realm. *1626. (3406. d. 1.) 5.

Thanksgiving. Safe Delivery of the Queen. 1631.
Fol. (3406. e.) 1.

Thanksgiving. Safe Child-bearing of the Queene's
Majestie. 1635. Fol. (3406. e.) 2.

Thanksgiving. November 5, 1636. (3406. c.)

Thanksgiving. November 5, 1638. (3406. d. 1.) 6.

Prayer for the King's Majestie, in the Northern Expe-
dition. 1639. Fol. (3406. e.) 3.

A Form of Thanksgiving to be used September 7,
1640, thorowout the Diocese of Lincoln, and in the
Jurisdiction of Westminster. 1640 (?) (3407. c.)

Thanksgiving. March 27, 1640. (3406. d. 1.) 8.

Prayer for the King's Majestie, in his Expedition
against the Rebels of Scotland. 1640. Fol.
(3406. e.) 4.

Fast, February 5, 1644, for a Blessing on the Treaty
now begunne. (3406. d. 1.) 9.

Thanksgiving for the late Defeat given unto the Re-
bells at Newarke (and A Prayer for the Queene's
safe Delivery). 1644. Oxford, fol. (3406. e.) 5.

Prayer to be used upon January 15, 1661, in London
and Westminster, &c. ; and upon the 22nd of the
said moneth in the rest of England and Wales.
(3406. d. 2.) 1.

Prayer on June 12 and June 19, 1661 (as in the last
form). (3406. d. 2.) 2.

Fast. July 12, 1665, in London, &c. (3406. d. 2.) 3.

Prayer. April 10, 1678. (3407. c.)

Fast. November 13, 1678. (3406. d. 2.) 5.

Prayer for King. 1684. (3407. c.)

Thanksgiving. July 26, 1685. Victories over the
Rebels. (3406. d. 3.) 3.

Prayers . . . during this time of Public Apprehension
from the Danger of Invasion. 1688. (3407. c.)

Additional Prayers to be used, together with those
appointed in the Service for November 5, 1689.
(3406. d. 4.) 4.

Fast. March 12, 1689. Preservation of his Majestie's
sacred Person, and the Prosperity of his Arms in
Ireland, &c. (3406. d. 4.) 1.

Fast. June 5 and June 19, 1689. To implore Suc-
cess in the War declared against the French King.
(3406. d. 4.) 2.

Thanksgiving: Success towards the reducing of Ire-
land. October 19, 1690. (3406. d. 4.) 3.

Thanksgiving. November 5, 1690. (3406. d. 4.) 6.

A Prayer for the King, to be used instead of that ap-
pointed for his Majestie's present Expedition. 1690.
(3406. d. 4.) 5.

A Prayer for the King, to be constantly used while
his Majesty is abroad in the Wars. 1691. (3406.
d. 4.) 7.

Fast. April 29, 1691. (3406. d. 4.) 8. Two editions.

Thanksgiving. Success in Ireland. November 26,
1691. (3406. d. 4.) 10.

Thanksgiving. 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 12.

Thanksgiving. 1692. (3406. d. 4. ) 14.

Thanksgiving. October 27 and November 10, 1692.
For the signal Victory vouchsafed to the Fleet.
(3406. d. 4.) 15.

Prayer, during the Time of their Majesties' Fleet
being at Sea. 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 18.

Fast. April 8, 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 11.

Prayer. May 10, 1693, and second Wednesday of
every month following, &c. (3406. d. 4.) 16.

Thanksgiving. November 12 and November 26, 1693.
(3406. d. 4.) 17.

Thanksgiving. December 9 and December 16, 1694.
(3406. d. 5.) 3.

Prayers to be used during the Queen's Sickness, &c.
1694. (3406. d. 5.) 2.

Thanksgiving. April 16, 1695. (3406. d. 5.) 4.

Fast. June 19, 1695. (3406. d. 5.) 5.

Prayer. December 11 and December 18, 1695.
(3406. d. 5.) 6.

Fast. June 26. (3406. d. 5.) 7.

Form of Prayer to be used Yearly on September 2,
1696, for the dreadful fire of London. (3406. d. 5.) 8.

Fast. April 28, 1697. (3406. d. 5.) 9.

Thanksgiving. December 2, 1697. (3406. d. 5.) 10.

Fast. April 5, 1699. (3406. d. 5.) 11.

It would occupy more space than " N. & Q."
can afford to complete the list up to the present
time. In the British Museum Catalogue alone,
between the years 1700 and 1800, there are about
120 Forms of Prayer; and, between 1800 and
1850, about 113 more. Let me, before leaving
the subject, draw the attention of your readers to
the following extract from Straker's (Adelaide
Street, West Strand) Catalogue of Books, printed
in 1853, pp. 419. :

Article " 1862. Common Prayer. Forms of Prayer^
an extensive collection of, issued by authority, on pub-
lic occasions ; such as War and Peace, Plague and Pes-
tilence, Earthquakes, Treason and Rebellion, Accession
of Kings, Birth of Princes, &c. &c, from a.d. 1550 to
A.n. 1847, consisting of 45 in manuscript and 181
printed, together 226 ; many of which are of the
greatest scarcity, with a detailed catalogue of the col-
lection, SI. 8s. 1550 — 1840 [tie].

« The late J. W. Niblock, D.D., F.S.A., was ac-
tively engaged for upwards of thirty years (with

406

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

great trouble and expense) in forming this ex-
ceedingly interesting and valuable collection for
his projected work, to be entitled ' Form^e
Precum, or National State Prayers, issued by
Authority, on Fast and Thanksgiving Days, and
other public Occasions, from the Reformation
to the present Time ; ' those in manuscript are
copied with great care from the originals in
public libraries and private collections."

This important collection may possibly be un-
known to some of your readers who take an in-
terest in matters liturgical.

W. Sparrow Simpson.

Having made it a point, for some years past, to
preserve at least one copy of each Occasional Form
of Prayer, and wishing to comply with Mr. Lath-
burt's request, I send a list of those in my own
possession.

Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen,

and Birth of a Prince. 1841.
Form and Thanksgiving for Preservation of the Queen

" from the atrocious and treasonable Attempt against

her sacred Person." 1842.
Form and Thanksgiving for abundant Harvest. 1842.
Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen,

and Birth of a Princess. 1843.
Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen,

and Birth of a Prince. 1844.
Form and Thanksgiving for Victories in the Sutledge.

1846.
Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen,

and Birth of a Princess. 1846.
Form for Relief from Dearth and Scarcity. 1846.
Form for Removal of Dearth and Scarcity. Fast.

1847.
Form and Thanksgiving for abundant Harvest. 1847.
Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen,

and Birth of a Princess. 1848.
Form for Maintenance .of Peace and Tranquillity.

1848.
Form for Removal of Disease. 1 849.
Form and Thanksgiving for Removal of Disease.

1849.
Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen,

and Birth of a Prince. 1850.

Abhba.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Photographic Query. — Given the diameter and focal
length of a simple achromatic lens ; at what distance
from it must a diaphragm of given diameter be placed
to give the best possible image ? O.

Improvement in Collodion. — As there are many pho-
tographers who are not members of the Photographic
Society, and who do not see the journal published by
that body, a statement of what 1 think will be found a
very material improvement in the manufacture of col-
lodion may not be unacceptable to the readers of " N.
& Q" To five drachms of pure washed ether, add one
drachm of alcohol 60° over proof, and dissolve therein

sufficient soluble cotton to make it of the consistence
of oil (the exact quantity must depend rather upon
the dexterity of the operator, as the thicker it is the
more difficult to use) ; then add twenty minims of
chloroform, dropping in the latter, which will fall to
the bottom, but is readily dissolved on shaking the
mixture for a few minutes.

To two drachms of the same alcohol add the iodizing
material preferred, and mix with the other ingredients.

The above will be found to flow very evenly and
smoothly over the plate ; is tough, intense, and struc-
tureless in appearance. I have not yet determined
what is the best iodizing mixture, but at present I
prefer iodide of potassium alone, if pure, and twenty
grains to the ounce of alcohol is the proportion I gene-
rally adopt ; thus having five grains in each ounce of
collodion.

Lastly, as regards the soluble cotton, I cannot find
any better material than that produced according to
the formula published by Mr. Hadow, in the March
Number of the Photographic Journal, thus: " Take of
nit. potash, five parts; sulphuric acid, ten parts; water,
one part ; all by weight. Add the water to the nitrate
of potash, and then the acid, and immediately immerse
as much cotton wool as can be thoroughly saturated by
the mixture, leaving it in for at least ten minutes, and
wash with a great abundance of water. The object of
adding the cotton immediately that the acid has been
mixed with the nitrate of potash, is to expose it to the
action of the chemicals while they are at a temperature
of from 120° to 130°. For farther particulars on this
head, I must refer to Mr. Hadow's paper.

Geo. Shadboi.t.

[This application is not a novelty to us : Dr. Dia-
mond has for some time added a small portion of his
amber varnish (which is prepared from chloroform) to
his collodion, and with satisfactory results. It is a
pity that so admirable a varnish is not to be procured
at the generality of photographic warehouses. We
have never yet been able to procure any which will
bear comparison with some which Dr. Diamond was
enough to prepare for us. — Ed. " N. & Q."]

Printing Positives. — I will venture to assure Ama-
teur that, — if he will follow Dr. Diamond's formula
for albumenizing Canson paper, either positive or nega-
tive, viz.,

Chloride of sodium (salt) - - 5 grs.

Chloride of ammonium - 5 grs.

Water - - - - - 1 oz.

Albumen, or the white of one egg, which

is near enough for the purpose - 1 oz.

and will excite this paper by floating it for about two
minutes on a solution of nitrate of silver twenty grains
to the ounce, distilled water, — provided his che-
micals are good, he will obtain perfectly satisfactory
results.

Let his fixing bath be a saturated solution of hypo,
soda, and if newly made let him, as recommended by
Dr. Diamond, add 40 grains of chloride of silver to
every 8 ounces of the solution. The addition of a
grain of sel d'or to every 8 ounces of solution will
greatly improve the tones of colour ; and if, after some

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

407

time, the positives become more of a brown tint than
lie likes, let him add a small quantity of sel d'or, half a
grain to a bath of from 12 to 16 ounces, and he will
find the dark tints restored.

I inclose a copy of the print of " Horse-shoeing,"
obtained precisely by the method described. It is
rather overprinted; but if Amateur will give you his
address, and you will forward it to him, it will show
him what tones of colour and depth may be procured
by following the foregoing directions. C. E. F.

Photographic Excursions. — A few Fellows of the
Society of Antiquaries have formed themselves into a
Photographic Club for the purpose of making pe-
riodical excursions into the country, and so securing
accurate views of the objects of antiquarian interest in
the different localities they may visit. As it is in-
tended that a copy of every photograph so taken shall
be deposited in the portfolios of the Society, the ad-
vantages likely to result from this little reunion, both
to the Society of Antiquaries and to Archaeology
generally, are very obvious.

ftepltoi ta Elinor <&\izrie$.

" To Garble" (Vol. ix., pp. 243. 359.).— I venture,
with deference, to express a doubt as to whether
E. S. T. T. has correctly defined either the former
or the present meaning of the verb to garble, when
he says "it meant a selection of the good and the
discarding of the bad parts of anything : its present
meaning is exactly the reverse of this." The
statutes referred to by your correspondent, the
first enacting that no bow staves shall be sold un-
garbled, and the second imposing a penalty on the
sale of spices and drugs not garbled, appear to me
to indicate the former meaning of the word to have
been the selection (picking out) of the bad and the
discarding of it. Experience shows that in all
operations, involving the separation of objects
worthless and of value, such as weeding, sifting,
and winnowing, the former is removed from the
latter and discarded. This view of the case seems
to be supported by the fact of the dust and dross
sifted from spices being called " garbles." The
weeder removes weeds from flowers or plants, the
garbler removes garbles from spices and bad bow
staves from amongst good ones. Richardson's
Dictionary contains the following notes under the
head Garble:

" Fr. Grabeler ; It. Garbellare. Cotgrave says,
Grabeller, to garble spices,. &c, ("and hence) also to
examine precisely, sift nearly, look narrowly, search
curiously into."

After giving some examples of its use, Richard-
son says :

" As usually applied in England, to garble is to pick
out, sift out what may serve a particular purpose, and
thus destroy or mutilate the fair character of the
whole."

To go no farther, the reports of the parliamentary-
debates, when a " Blue Book" happens to furnish
matter for discussion, amply confirm Richardson's
definition, that to garble is to pick out what may
serve a purpose. In this sense, however, E. S. T. T.
must admit that it would be as much garbling to
quote all the good passages of a work as to quote
all the bad ones. May we not then assume the
present meaning of the word garble to be this — to
quote passages with the view of conveying an im-
pression of the ability or intention of a writer,
which is not warranted by the general scope of the
work ? C. Ross.

'■'•Lyra Apostolica" (Vol. ix., p. 304.). — There
is, I believe, a slight inaccuracy in the rotation of
the names given at the above page as the writers
in the Lyra Apostolica. They go in alphabetical
order, thus : a, Bowden ; 0, Froude ; 7, Keble ;
5, Newman ; e, Wilberforce ; f, Williams.

B. R. A. Y.

The poems signed £. were written by Williams,
not by Wilberforce.

Can you explain the meaning of the motto on
the title-page —

" Yvdlsv 5', ws Si] Sripbv eyo)> iroA4fx.oio 7riirav/j.ai"?

M. D.

[This motto is from Homer, Iliad, xviii. 125. Its
literal translation is, " They (the enemy) shall know
that it was I who have long kept away from the war,"
and, by implication, that I have now returned to it;
even I, the great hero Achilles ; for he is the taunting
speaker. Had it not been for my absence, he inti-
mates, the Trojans had not gained so many and great
victories. We must leave our correspondent to apply
this Homeric verse to the Protestant dark ages of the
Georgian era, and to the theological movement of
1833.]

John Bale, Bishop of Ossory (Vol. ix., p. 324.). —
A catalogue, professing to be a complete one, of this
over-ardent reformer's voluminous works, with a
portrait, may be seen in Holland's Heroblogia
Anglica, fol. 165-7. There are some curious notices
concerning him in Blomefield's History of Norwich
(fol. 1741), pp. 154, 155. 794., where reference is
also made to his brother Robert as a learned man.
and great writer. William Matthews.

Cowgill.

Burial in an erect Posture (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 59.
233. 455. 630. ; Vol. ix., p. 279.). — How strange it is
that all of us should have forgotten Charlemagne.
When his tomb at Aix-la-Chapelle was opened by
the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa in 1165, "he
found the body of Charlemagne, not reclining in
his coffin, as is the usual fashion of the dead, but
seated in his throne, as one alive, clothed in the
imperial robes, bearing the sceptre in his hand, and
on his knees a copy of the gospels." (See Murray's

408

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

Handbook to Belgium.) The throne in which
the body was seated, the sarcophagus (of Parian
marble, the work of Roman or Greek artists, or-
namented with a fine bas-relief of the Rape of
Proserpine) in which the feet of the dead king
were placed, are still preserved in the cathedral,
where I saw them last year, together with some
portions of the robes, and some curious ancient
embroidery : these last are not usually exhibited to
strangers. W. Sparrow Simpson.

"Carronade" (Vol. ix., p. 246.). — " The folk
story," as to the derivation of this word (if such a
comparatively modern invention deserves such an
epithet, for the Carron works, I believe, did not
exist a hundred years ago) is quite correct. This
gun is said to have been invented in Ireland by
General Melville ; but having been perfected at
Carron, it thence took its name.

Landmann (no mean authority at the beginning
of this century), in his Questions and Answers on
Artillery, says : " The carronade takes its name
from being first made at Carron."

H. T. Ellacombe.

"Largesse" (Vol. v., p. 557.; Vol. ix., p. 209.).
— The use of this word is not confined to Essex
and Northamptonshire, but extends also to Norfolk.
It is met with in many parishes in the western
division of Norfolk : where, at the time of harvest,
afrer accompanying the last load of corn home
with the procession of the " Harvest Lady," it is
customary that the labourers on the several farms
should go round their respective parishes, and
collect various sums of money, under the name of
largesse, at the houses of the chief inhabitants,
whether lay or clerical. Few were to be met with
who refused this species of "black mail" thus
levied on them ; doubtless regarding it as one
out of many means of testifying their thankfulness
to the "Lord of the Harvest" for "filling their
mouth with good things," and giving them an
abundance of " corn and wine and oil." 2.

This word is of common occurrence in Suffolk
during the shooting season, where sportsmen are
always greeted with it, for a donation, by the
labourers on the land where game is sought for.

N. L. J.

Precious Stones (Vol. viii., p. 539. ; Vol. ix.,
pp. 37. 88. 284.). — As the titles of so many works
on this subject have been already given in your
pages, perhaps I may be of some service to your
correspondents in farther completing the list, and
referring them to the following in my own collec-
tion :

On the Origin of Gems, by the Hon. Robert Boyle:
London, I2mo.

The Mirror of Stones, in which the Nature, Gene-
ration, &c, of more than 200 Jewels, &c, are distinctly

described by Camillus Leonardus, J2mo. : London,
1750.

A Treatise on Diamonds and Pearls, by David
Jeffries, 2nd edit., 8vo. : London, 1751. [This work,
which was very scarce, has been recently reprinted by
E. Lumley for 6s.~\

Traite des Pierres precieuses et des Pierres fines,
par L. Dutens, 12mo. : London, Paris, and Florence.
[Reprinted, with additions, in " Les Gsuvres Meles de
Dutens:" Geneve, 8vo., 1784.]

A Treatise on Diamonds and Precious Stones, by
John Mawe, 2nd edit. : London, 8vo., 1823.

A Memoir of the Diamond, by John Murray,
F.S.A., &c, 12mo. : London, 1S31.

Besides these may be consulted, the treatise of
Gemma, Delle Gemme pretiose, 2 vols. 4to., a
ponderous map of obsolete puerilities ; the Mine-
ralogie of M. de Bomare ; the Crystallographie of
M. Rome Delisle ; the essay of Wallerius, De
Lapidum Origine ; the learned researches of Berg-
man, Sur les Pierres precieuses, &c

I may add, that a practical work on the nature
and value of precious stones, comprehending the
opinions and superstitions of the ancients respect-
ing them, together with an essay upon engraved
gems, an account of celebrated collections and spe-
cimens, &c, is much wanted, and would probably
be well received. William Bates.

Birmingham.

"A Pinch of Snuff" (Vol. vi., p. 431. ; Vol. vii.,
p. 268.). — This work is correctly attributed to
Benson E. Hill, Esq. The companion volume, A
Paper of Tobacco, of which F. R. A. speaks in
just terms of commendation, was the production
of Mr. W. A. Chatto, the ingenious author of a
History of Playing Cards, &c. His son, Mr.
Thomas Chatto, from whom I received this in-
formation, is a bookseller, at No. 25. Museum
Street, Bloomsbury : where I hope his civility,
and anxiety to serve his visitors, will ensure the
success he merits. William Bates.

Birmingham.

Darwin on Steam (Vol. ix., p. 271.). — The
lines in question are not, cited quite correctly by
Uneda. They run as follows :

" Soon shall thy arm, unconquer'd Steam, afar
Drag the slow barge, or drive the rapid car ;
Or on wide-waving wings expanded bear,
The flying-chariot through the fields of air."

They occur in the First Part of the Botanic
Garden, p. 29., 2nd edit., 4 to., London, 1791.

L. (1)

[We are also indebted to J. K. R. W. and other cor-
respondents for similar replies.]

Gale of Rent (Vol. viii., pp. 563. 655.). — The
word gale is used in the west of Philadelphia
in the sense of an instalment. Thus, if laud is

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

409

bought to be paid for in annual sums, one of these
is called a yearly gale. I have supposed, I cannot
now say why, that this was an Irish expression.

Uneda.

Cobb Family (Vol. ix., p. 272.). — I have much
reason to believe that Mr. Arthur Paget will
find a clue to his inquiries in the following par-
ticulars extracted from documents in my posses-
sion. The estate of St. Katharine's Hall, or St.
Kattern's, near Bath, belonged to the family of
Blanchard; and in 1748 the property passed to
the family of Parry of St. Kattern's by marriage
with the heiress of the Blanchards, who is thus
described :

" Thomas Parry, and Querinah his wife, niece and
heiress-at-law of William Blanchard, who was only son
and heir of Henry Blanchard, and Querinah his wife,"
[only child of John Curie, Esq.],

In 1795 Thomas Parry devised the estate to
his son John Parry, who was the rector of Stur-
mer, co. Essex; and by his will [May, 1797] his
property went to his sisters, Elizabeth Knight,
Querinah Cobb, and Hannah Parry. Elizabeth
married, Aug. 1781, Henry Knight of Lansdown,
near Bath. Querinah married, Nov. 1781, Wil-
liam Milles Cobb, of Ringwood, gentleman, third
son of Christopher Cobb, merchant, and Sarah his
wife.

I have in my possession some portraits of the
Blanchard, Curie, and Parry families ; two by
Sir Peter Lely, which may afford Mr. Paget
farther evidence of the consanguinity of Richard
Cobb, Esq., and the Cobbs of Ringwood.

J. Knight.

Aylestone.

On the principle that every little helps, and out
of gratitude for Cranmore's assistance in the Mil-
ton-Minshull controversy, I would offer the follow-
ing suggestions, which may haply serve as finger-
posts to direct him on his way. William Cobb, Esq,,
of Adderbury, Oxon, immediate ancestor of the
baronets of that name and place, derived from the
Cobbs of Sandringham, in the hundred of Free-
bridge, Norfolk. Blomefield's History of the latter
county might be consulted with advantage. The
Cobbs of Adderbury bore " Sable, a chevron
argent between three dolphins naiant embowed or,
a chief of the last." Randle Holme, in his Academy
of Armory, 1688, gives the following as the arms
of Cobb, — "Per chevron sable and gules, two swans
respecting each other and a herring cobb argent."
Thomas Cobb, of Otterington, Yorkshire, a" loyal
subject of King Charles I., compounded for his
estates in the sum of 472Z. There is a brass in
Sharnbrook Church, Bedfordshire, commemorating
William Cobbe, who died in 1522, Alice his wifi?
a son Thomas, and other children. T. Hughes.

Chester.

"Aches" (Vol. ix., p. 351.).— I am not aware of
any rhyme which fixes the pronunciation of aches
in the time of Shakspeare, but I think the follow-
ing quite as decisive :

" Of the Fallacie in the Accent or Pronunciation.

The fallacie of the accent is, when a false thin" is
affirmed under colour of pronouncing it as another thing
that is true. For example :

4 Where no ache is, there needs no salve ;
In the gout there is no H,
Therefore, in the gout, there needs no salve.' "
The. Elements of Logiclte, hy Peter Dumoulin.
Translated out of the French copie hy
Nathanael De-Lawne, with the Author's
approbation: London, 1624, 24mo.
" Anthony. Thou bleedest apace.
Scarus. I had a wound here that was like a T ;
But now 'tis made an H."

Ant. and Cleop., Act IV. Sc. 7.
See also on the "aitch" question, Letters of an
Irish Student, vol. i. p. 256., London, 1812: and
The Parlour Window, by the Rev. Edward Man-
gin, p. 146., London, 1841. H. R C.
U. U. Club.

"Meols" (Vol. vii., pp. 208. 298.).— There is
an extensive parish called North Meols (the fa-
vourite watering-place of Southport being within
it) in the sandy district to the south of the estuary
of the Ribble, in Lancashire. Prestoniensis.

Polygamy (Vol. ix., p. 246.). — The practice of
monogamy had been established among the Jews
before the Christian era, as is shown by various
expressions in the New Testament ; but their law
(like that of other oriental nations) still permitted
polygamy, and they were expressly prohibited by
an enactment of the Emperor Theodosius, of the
year 393, from marrying several wives at the same
time (Cod. 1. 9. 7.) ; so that the practice was not
then extinct among them. Monogamy was the
law and_ practice of all the Greek and Italian
communities, so far back as our accounts reach.
There is no trace of polygamy in Homer. Even
in the incestuous marriages supposed by him in
the mythical family of iEolus, the monogamic rule
is observed, Odyssey, x. 7. The Roman law re-
cognised monogamy alone, and hence polygamy
was prohibited in the entire Roman empire. It
thus became practically the rule of Christians, and
was engrafted into the canon law of the Eastern
and Western Churches. L.

Wafers (Vol. ix., p. 376.). — I have in my
possession a volume of original Italian letters,
addressed to a Venetian physician (who appears
to have been eminent in his profession), Michael
Angelo Rota, written during the early part of the
seventeenth century. Many of these letters have
been sealed with red wafers, still adhering to the

410

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 235.

paper, and precisely similar to those now in use.
The earliest of the letters which I have found so
sealed is dated April, 1607, which is seventeen
years earlier than the earliest known instance,
mentioned by Beckmann (History of Inventions,
Bohn's edit., vol. i. p. 146.), of a letter sealed with
a wafer. Walter Sneyd.

Denton.

I have before me a reprieve from the Council,
dated in 1599, sealed with a wafer, and am certain
that I have earlier instances, had I time at this
moment to look them up. L. B. L.

ffliSceUmizaxig.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Northern Antiquaries set their brethren in this
country a noble example. Every year sees one or
more of them engaged in the production of carefully-
edited volumes of early Scandinavian history. We
have now to record the publication, by Professor
Munch, of the old Norse text of Kong Olaf Tryggve-
s'on's Saga from a MS. in the Library at Stockholm
which has not hitherto been made use of; and also,
by the same gentleman, in conjunction with his friend
Professor Unger, of an edition of the Saga Olafs Ro-
utings ens Helga, from the earliest MS. in the library
at Stockholm. Each work is introduced by a preface
of great learning, and illustrated by a large body of
valuable notes.

Those who have shared our regret, that the brilliant
notices of books which occasionally appear in the
columns of The Times should be presented in a form
which scarcely admits of their being preserved, and
also our satisfaction when Mr. Murray put forth his
selection from them under the title of Essays from the
Times, will be glad that the same publisher has issued
in his Railway Reading a Second Series of them, com-
prising fourteen articles.

We may remind all lovers of beautiful illustrations
of Mediaeval Art, that Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson
will sell by auction on Monday next the entire stock
of the magnificent publications of Mr. Henry Shaw,
F.S. A., whose Dresses and Decorations of the Middle
Ages are a type of the whole. Such an opportunity of
securing copies at a reasonable rate will never occur
again. While on the subject of sales, we may mention
that Messrs. Puttick and Simpson announce a sale of
Photographs. This is the first instance ; but we may be
sure, with the growing taste for these accurate and, in
many cases, also artistic transcripts of nature, every
season will see many similar sales.

At the anniversary of the Society of Antiquaries on
Monday last, Admiral Smyth moved a vote of thanks
to Mr. Bruce, on his retirement from the Treasurer-
ship, for his zeal and indefatigable exertions in that
office. The manner in which the gallant Admiral's
remarks were received showed, first, that the reforms
advocated by Mr. Bruce now meet the general approval
of the Society ; and, secondly, that the warmth of feeling

which they had called forth on both sides has entirely
disappeared.

Books Received. — Conde's History of the Arabs in
Spain, translated from the Spanish, by Mrs. Jonathan
Foster, in three volumes, Vol. I. Mr. Bohn deserves
the best thanks of all lovers of history for this English
translation — the first which has ever been made — of
the admirable work of Conde. It is one of the most
important volumes which he has published in his
Sta?idard Library. — The Diary and Letters of Madame
D'Arblay, Vol. II. The second volume of this amusing,
gossiping, and egotistical work, comprises the period
1781 — 1786. — Pantomime Budgets, 8cc, a clever
pamphlet in favour of prepaid taxation. — John Penry,
the Pilgrim Martyr, 1559 — 1593, by John Wadding-
ton. A violent anti-church biography of Penry, whose
share in the Marprelate Controversy Mr. Waddington
disbelieves on very insufficient grounds.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Lingard's England. Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols. I. to V., and

X. and XI.
The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift. London, printed for

C. Bathurst, in Fleet Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI.

ending with " Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift," written in

Nov. 1731.)
Byron's Works. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
The Volume of the London Polyglott which contains the

Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
Carlisle on Grammar Schools.
The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. l'imo. Two copies.

*„* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTKS AND
QURRIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Any of the occasional Sermons of the Rev. Charles Kingsley, of
Eiersley, more particularly The Mission of the Church to
the Labouring Classes, and Clothes Cheap and Nasty, by
Parson Lot.

Wanted by H. C. Cowley, Melksham, Wilts.

The Numbers of the British and Colonial Quarterly
Review, published in 1846, by Smith and Elder, Cornhill,
containing a review of a work on graduated, sliding-scale.
Taxation. Also any work of the French School on the same
subject, published from 1790 down to the end of the Revolu-
tion.

Wanted by It. J. Cole, 12. Furnival's Inn.

Brevint's Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice. 4th Edition,
1757. Rivingtons.

Wanted by S. Hayward, Bookseller, Bath.

J. G. Agardh, Species, Genera, et Ordines Algarum. Royal

8vo. London, 1848—1853.
L^croix, Diff. et Integ. Calculus. Last edition.
Wanted by the Rev. Frederick Smilhe, Churchdown, Gloucester.

Admiral Napier's Revolution in Portugal. Moxon, Dover
Street.

Wanted by Hugh Owen, Esq., Bristol.

Platonis Opera Omnia (Stallbaum). Gothaj et Erfordia?,

Sumptibus Guil. Hennings, 1832 ; published in Jacobs and Rost's

Bibliotheca Grasca. Vol. iv. Sect. 2., containing Menexenus,

Lysis, Hippias uterque, Io.

Wanted by the Rev. G. R. Mackarness, Barnwell Rectory, near

Oundle.

April 29. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

411

Ancient Commerce op Hindostan, forming Vol. VII. of
" Maurice's Indian Antiquities, 1796."

Wanted by the Rev. H. Atlay, B.-Casterton, Stamford.

Bishop O'Brien's Ten Sermons on Justification.

Wanted by Lieut. Bruce, Royal Horse Artillery, Chatham.

Latimer's Sermons. Published by the Parker Society. Vol. I.
Wanted by Mr. J. G. Nichols, 25. Parliament Street.

Plans or Maps of Ancient London, and Representations of
Remarkable and Interesting Objects connected therewith— large
size (such as Old St. Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old London Bridge,
fa).).

A Copy of No. 1 . (or early number) of " The Times " Newspaper.

A Copy of one of the " Broadsheets " issued during the Plague.

Wanted by Mr. Joseph Simpson, Librarian, Literary and
Scientific Institution, Islington, London.

0rjttce£ ta Carre<*poutumtf?.

Sigma. The Rev. Richard Warner, the Historian of Bath, we
believe, is still living, and is Rector of Chadfield, Wilts, and Chel-
wood, Somersetshire.

F. S. A. The origin as well as the demolition of Castell Dinds,
Bran, near Llangollen, have bnffled our topographical antiquaries.
For some notices of this fortress consult Pennant's Tour in Wales,
p. 279., edit. 1778 (with a plate of it) ; Leland's Itinerary, vol. v.
p. 51. ; and Beauties of England and Wales, voL xviii. p. 558.

Rustica. The Dutch Gothic Church, noticed in The Times of
the 5th inst., is in Austin Friars.

J— G. We did not succeed in getting ike book.

Neison on Railway Accidents is published in the Journal of
the Statistical Society for December, 1853, and may be had of
Parker, 445 Strand.

B. T. A. The line "England, with all thy faults I love thee
still," is by Cowper (The Task, book ii.).

Rev. J. J. We fear some injustice was done — unintentionally,
but fear also that it is now too late to remedy it.

Inquirer (Birmingham). Some of our correspondents have met
with great success from Mr. Crookes' process ; but we are bound to
say that it has not been universal.

G. W. E. recommends that in immersing a collodion plate it
should first be inserted horizontally, and then transversely in the
nitrate of silver bath, as a sure means of avoiding spots.

He is informed that if the edges of his glass are roughed, it will
greatly tend to the adhesion of the collodion. The nitrate of silver
bath, used for exciting collodion plates, is not available for exciting
albumenized paper or any other purpose.

H. C. C. 1. The addition of cyanide of potassium to the sensi-
tive collodion not only prevents its decomposition, but appears to
add to its general good qualities. 2. Protosulphate of iron mixed
with your nitrate bath is quite fatal. 3. Good pictures are con-
stantly taken when the temperature is below sixty ; though there
is no doubt all chemical action is quicker in warm weather.

B. (Manchester). See " N. & Q.," No. 205, October 1, 1853.

W. Beatson. There are difficulties in the way of such an ex-
change of photographic pictures, which are very difficult to over-
come. At present we believe the Photographic Society, with the
aid of an energetic Council, have been unable to effect this, even to
a limited extent.

Erratum Vol.ix.,p. 220. col. 1. line 9, for 1533-5 read 1G33-5.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10*. Cid., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published atnoon on Friday, so that
the Country booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

Patronised by the Royal

Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-

NESS PREVENTED.
BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6rf. : double size, 4s. 6rf. ; 7s. 6rf.
equal to 4 small : 1 Is. to 6 small : 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6rf. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street;
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOITLDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork : BARRY, 9. Main
Street. Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROtJT, 229.
Strand : KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art. —
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION.— J. B.HOCKIN& CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildimrs, Holboru ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, materials, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
, containing Description and Price of the best
I forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
I Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
i Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
j other Photographic Specimens.
GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

412

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 235.

Sale of Photographic Pictures, Landscape
Camera by liorne & Co. ; also Prints and
Drawings.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room,
Ml. Piccadilly, early in MAY, an important
Collection of Photographic Pictures by the
most celebrated ArtUts and Amateurs ; com-
prising some chefs d'amvrc of the Art, amongst
•which are large and interesting Views taken
in Paris, Rouen, Brussels, Switzerland, Rome,
Venice, various parts of England and Scot-
land, Rustic Scenes, Architectural Subjects,
Antiquities, &e. Also, some interesting Prints
and Drawings.

Catalogues will be sent on Application (if at
» distance, on Receipt of Two Stamps.)

SALE of the REV. G. S. FA-
BER'S LIBRARY. — MR. WHITE

has received instructions to sell by Auction in
the House No. I, North Bailey (next door to
the Exhibition Room), Durham, on Tuesday,
May 9th, and three following days, the ex-
tensive and valuable Library of the late REV.
G. S. FABER, Prebendary of Salisbury, and
Master of Sherburn Hospital, Durham, con-
sisting of editions of the Fathers, Works- on
Divinity, General Literature, &c.

Catalogues are nowreadv.and maybe had
of MESSRS. F. & J. RIVINGTON. No. 3.
Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, and of MR. S.
LOW, 169. Fleet Street, London ; MESSRS.
BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh ; of MR.
ANDREWS, Bookseller, Durham, and of the
Auctioneer.

Catalogues will be forwarded by Post by
MR. ANDREWS, Bookseller, Durham, on
receipt of Two Postage Stamps.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROVAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
»ppears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. II .
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
iRIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engasred in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCH AM, SURREY.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
J. PARLLVMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Directors.
H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. s

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100?., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—

Age
17-

£ t. d.

1 14 4

4-ge

£ *. d.

32-

■

- 2 10 8

37-

-

- 2 18 6

42-

-

- 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6r7., Second Edition,
with material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the (ieneral Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
lie. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin'i
Place, Trafalgar Square, Loudon.

Established a.d. 1844.

TNVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

JL may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON,

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
cation.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Coses, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and 4j. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

32. GOLDEN SQUARE,

Founded by the British Homoeopathic Asso-
ciation, October 10, 1819 ; opened for the Re-
ception of Patients, April 10, 1850.

Patroness.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge.

Field-Marshal the Marquis of Anglesey, K.G.,
G.C.B.

Vice-Presidents.

His Grace the Archbishop of Dublin.

His Grace the Duke of Beaufoit.

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.

Risht Hon. the Viscount Sydney.

Right Hon. the Lord Gray.

The Viscount Maldon.

Lord Francis Gordon.

Captain Lord C. Paget, R.N., M.P.

Captain Lord A. Paget, M.P.

Colonel Lord G. Paget, M.P.

Colonel Wyndham.

F. Foster Quin, Esq., M.D.

Marmaduke B. Sampson, Esq.

Treasurer.
Sir John Dean Paul, Bart., 217. Strand.

(Instead of the Annual Dinner),

In Aid of the Funds of this Hospital, will be
held at

THE HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS,

On TUESDAY EVENING, May 2, at
Eight o'clock.

Tickets maybe had at the Hospital, 32. Golden
Square : of Messrs. Aylott & Jones, Pater-
noster Row ; Mr. Bailliere, 219. Regent Street ;
Mr. Headland, 15. Princes Street, Hanover
Square; Mr. Leath, Vere Street, Cavendish
Square, and St. Paul's Churchyard ; Mr.
Walker. Conduit Street ; Mr. James Epps,
Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury Square, and
Broad Street, City : Mr. Turner, Piccadilly,
Manchester ; Mr. Thompson, Liverpool ; and
at all the Homoeopathic Chemists and Book-
sellers.

Single Tickets, 7.'. 6d. ; Family Tickets to
admit Four, 1 1, is.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-

J TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - - 1 1 0

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 9

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 J 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures. Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, Sec, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchaser"
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in tto Pansh of
St. Bri le, in the City of London ; and published by Georok Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in tna
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.— Saturday, April 29. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

1ITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" "Wiaen found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 236.]

Saturday, May 6. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, ^d.

CONTENTS.

Page

If otes : —
An Encyclopaedia of Ventilation, by

Bolton Corney - 415

The House of Russell, or Du Rozel, by

John Macray - 416

Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma 417
Original Royal Letters to the Grand

Masters of Malta, by William Win-

throp - - - - - 417

Minor Notes : — Whipping a Lady —
Mother of Thirty Children—" Ought "
and " Aught" — Walton — Salutations
— Good Times for Equity Suitors —
The Emperor of Russia and the Order
of the Garter - - - - 419

•Queries : —

Sir Henry Wotton's Verses, " The Cha-
racter of a Happy Life," by John
Macray -

•120

Minor Queries : — Plants and Flowers

— Quotations wanted — Griffith,
William, Bishop of Ossory — " Cow-
periana" — John Keats's Poems —
Holland — Armorial — Stoke and
Upton — Slavery in England—" Go
to Bath" — Mummy Chests — The
Blechenden Family — Franeklyn
Household Book — Lord Rosehill's
Marriage — Colonel Butler — Willes-
don, co. Middlesex - - - 421

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Ashes of " Lignites " — Bishop Ba-
thurst — " Selah " — The Long Parlia-
ment — "The Three Pigeons" —
Captain Cook— Varnish for old Books

— Cabbages - - - - 422

Hkplies : —

Addison's Hymns, by J. H. Markland 424

Longfellow, by John P. Stillwell, &c. - 424
Books burnt by the Hangman, by E. F.

Woodman, &c. ... - 42.1

Sack - - - - - - 427

Irish Law in the Eighteenth Century, by

Alexander Andrews, &c. - - 427

Job xix. 26., by the Rev. Moses Mar-

goliouth - - - - - 428

(Photographic Correspondence :

Photographic Experiences— The Cero-
lOine Process — On preserving the
Sensitiveness of Collodion Plates - 429

Replies to Minor Queries : — Tippet-
Heraldic Anomaly— George Wood of
Chester — Moon Superstitions— "My-
self"— Roman Roads in England —
Anecdote of George IV. — General
Fraser— The Fusion — " Corporations
have no souls" — Apparition of the
White Lady — Female Parish Clerk-
Bothy— King's Prerogative and Hunt-
ing Bishops— Green Eyes— Brydone
the Tourist — Descendants of John of
Gaunt, Noses of _ " Put " — "Cari-
cature ; a Canterbury Tale " - - 430

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &e. ... 433

"Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 433

Notices to Correspondents - - 434

THE. MEW XJTOVEZu

Vol. IX ISTo. 236.

COUNTERPARTS

or,

THE CROSS OF LOVE ;

By the Author of

"CHARLES ANCHESTER,"

Is just out.

In Three Volumes.

London : SMITH, ELDER, & CO.,
65. Cornhill.

THE WATERLOO BANQUET
AT APSLEY HOUSE, and numerous
others of the Finest Works of Art. are now for
the first time reduced below the prices at which
thev were originally publi»hed : see AN
HISTORIC AND DESCRIPTIVE CATA-
LOGUE of Fine and Important Engravings,
including all the Publications of Mr. Alderman
Moon, who has retired from Business, now
published by THOMAS BOYS (of the late
firm of Moon, Boys, and Gravesl, Printseller
to the Royal Family, 467. Oxford Street,
London. This Catalogue occupies Sixty Pages
in royal octavo ; of the importance of the
Works enumerated and noticed, it may suffice
to say, that MK. BOYS paid the Alderman on
his retirement more than Twenty Thousand
Pounds for the Property purchased of him.
To be had Gratis on application. Merchants
supplied.

London : THOMAS BOYS, Printseller to the
Royal Family, 407. Oxford Street.

JOHNSTON'S MAPS of the

f ' WAR, engraved from entirely New
Drawings, and containing the latest and most
accurate information.

I. THE BLACK SEA, CAUCASUS,
CRIMEA, &c, with Large Plans of Sevastopol,
and the Positions of the Ships and Batteries,
seen from H.M.S.F. "Retribution." The
Bosphorns and Bcicos Bay.

II. THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALI-
TIES, and adjoining Countries from Vienna
to Constantinople, and Map of CENTRAL
EUROPE, from St. Petersburg to Cairo.

III. THE BALTIC SEA and GERMAN
OCEAN, with enlarged Plans of Cronstadt,
Sveaborg, Revel, Port Baltic, and Gulf of Riga.

Price, coloured. Is. each ; by post, Is. 4c?. ; or
the Three by Post, 3s. Gd.

Edinburgh : W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, Geo-
graphers and Engravers to the Queen ; and
all Booksellers.

Just published, in fcp. 8vo. price, in cloth, 6s.

THE STATISTICAL COM-
PANION for 1854 : exhibiting the most
interesting Facts in Moral and Intellectual,
Vital, Economical, and Political Statistics, at
Home and Abroad. Compiled by X. C. BAN-
FIELD, Esq.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE EN-
GLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL.

In Monthly Volumes, 2s. Gd. each, in cloth.

This Day, the Third and Concluding Volume
of

DRYDEN'S POETICAL
WORKS.

Already published.

COWPER. Vol. I.
DRYDEN. Vols. I. and II.
SURREY, MINOR CON-

TEMPORANEOUS POETS, and SACK-
VILLE, LORD BUCKHURST.

On the First of June, the Second Volume of

COWPER'S POETICAL

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

8vo., 10».

LA NORMANDIE SOUTER-
RAINE, ou Notices sur des Cimetiereg
romains et francs explores en Normandie, par
M. L'ABBE COCHET, Inspecteur des Mo-
numens, etc., a Dieppe. 8vo., 17 planches.

*** The Trade supplied.

Rouen : LEBRUMENT.

Oxford : J. H. PARKER, and 377. Strand,

London.

THE ORIGINAL QUAD-
RILLES, composed for the PIANO
FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE MERTON.

London : Published for the Proprietor, and
may be had of C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond
Street ; and by Order of all Music Sellers.
PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.

THE OCEAN QUADRILLES.
By the celebrated JOHN BLEWITT.
Founded on the most favourite of Dibdin's
Sea Songs. Illustrated. 3s. The spirit-stirring
reminiscences evoked by the Ocean Quadrilles
(full of life and vigour) helong to that glorious
period when the fleets of England were, as they
now again are, sweeping the seas. Every pa-
triotic assembly should dance to Blewitt's
Ocean Quadrilles.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bnr-
lington Street, Music Publishers to the
Queen.

T EXCELSIOR. Ballad; Words
J bv LONGEELLOW. Music by MISS
LINDSAY. Beautifully Illustrated, 2s. Gd.

" Some beautiful words of Longfellow are
here wedded to a beautiful melody by this ta-
lented lady. This ballad is quite out of the
way of the common-place productions of the
day. It is evidently a heart-offering both from
the poet and the gifted musician."

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bur-
lington Street, Music Publishers to the
Queen.

414

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

Now publishing, Price THREEPENCE, Post Free, No. IV. for the present Year (published
Monthly) of

WILLIS'S CATALOGUES OF BOOKS, Ancient and Modern,

' * comprising a choice selection of Standard and Curious Works in all branches of Lite-
rature and the Fine Arts, in good library condition, for Sale at very moderate prices. Preceded
by "WILLIS'S CURRENT NOTES, a series of Original and Inedited Articles on Literature
and Antiquities by eminent Literary Men, illustrated occasionally by Woodcuts.

Contents of the Present Number. — Last Hours of Queen Mary II., from MS. Memo-
randa by one of the Household j Original Letter of the late Professor Wilson ; Hewing Blocks
with Razors ; Certain Cures for Hydrophobia ; Disputative Authorities on Christ's Nativity ;
Supplement to Todd's Johnson's Dictionary ; M. Guizot and the Eikon Basilike ; Cucking
Stool and Scolding Cart, Leicester ; Neapolitan Innkeeper's Announcement ; The Awakening
Mallet ; Inscriptions on Bells in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin ; Dissection of Laurence
Sterne, &c. &c.

VALUABLE WORKS ON SALE AT REDUCED PRICES.

SHAKSPEARE SOCIETY'S

PUBLICATIONS, complete, from its Com-
mencement in 1841, to its Termination in 1853 j
the Contents classified, 47 vols, in 19, new
cloth, 41. lCs.

The Shakspeare Society being nowdissolved,
and the few complete sets of their publications
dispersed, the present is a favourable oppor-
tunity for acquiring them at a moderate price.
They consist of nearly Fifty different works
illustrative of Shakspeare and the Literature
of his time, comprising Old Plays, Poems,
Curious Tracts, Memoirs, &c, either now
printed for the first time, or difficult to be

£rocured from their rarity, edited by eminent
.iterary Men.

CAMDEN SOCIETY'S PUB-

LICATIONS, complete, from the Commence-
ment in 1838 to the Present Time, 58 vols,
small 4to. cloth, a very clean copy, from a
Subscriber, 81. 8s. 1838-53.

This is a most important series of works,
being reprints of exceedingly rare and valuable
books, and publications of MSS. never before
published ; printed verbatim, with copious
Introductions, Notes, and Illustrations by the
learned members of the Society.

PARKER SOCIETY'S PUB-

LICATIONS, complete, from the Commence-
ment in 1841 to 1853, 50 vols. 8vo., royal 8vo.,
and 12mo. cloth, from a Subscriber, 71. 10s.

1841-53.

This valuable publication contains, without
abridgment, alteration, or omission, the best
works of the Fathers and early Writers of the
Reformed English Church, published in the
period between the Accession of K. Edward VI.
and Q. Elizabeth : and also other esteemed
Writers of the Sixteenth Century, including
some of the early English Translations of the
Foreign Reformers.

Splendid Hluminated Work.

The ENGLISH CRUSADERS,

containing an Account of all the English
Knights who formed part of these Expeditions,
with accurate representations of 300 Coats of
Arms of the Crusaders, and various rich em-
bellishments and large initial letters from
ancient and rare MSS., all illuminated in gold
and colours, by J. C. DANSEY, a large vol.
royal 4to., 21. 2s. ; published at 41. 4a.

Dickinson, 1850.

This is a very superb and highly interesting
volume, which cost the author several thousand
pounds in the getting up. Only a few copies
remain for sale at the present reduced price.

CHETHAM SOCIETY'S PUB-
LICATIONS.—Remains, Historical and Lite-
rary, connected with the Palatine Counties of
Lancaster and Chester, published by the t he-
tham Society. A complete set of these valu-
able Works edited by distinguished Scholars,
i9 vols, small 4to. (wanting one volume) cloth,
81. 8s.

Printed for the Chetham Society, 1844-53.

GILES' (DR.) HISTORY of the

ANCIENT BRITONS, from the Earliest
Period to the Invasion of the Saxons, compiled
from the Original Authorities. 2 vols. 8vo.
Second Edition, cloth, 12s.; pub. at 17. 10s.

G. Willis, 1854.

The most valuable work on the subject.
Vol. II. consists of the original Histories from
which this work has been compiled, viz., Ex-
cerpta ex Scriptoribus Gr. et Lat.; GildaB;
Nennius; Excerpta ex Beda, &c.

GILES' (DR.) LIFE AND

TIMES OF ALFRED THE GREAT, drawn
up from the most authentic Ancient Chroni-
clers, and including important Facts now first
published. Second edition, with coloured
plate of K. Alfred's Jewel, 8vo.. new cloth, 6s.
(pub. at 12s.) G. Willis, 1854.

The most valuable and authentic Life of
Alfred the Great. Included are Alfred's Will,
in Saxon, with translation ; the Treaty between
Alfred and Guthrum in Saxon ; Fulke's
Letter to Alfred ; Alfred's Preface to Gregory's
Pastoral Care, in Saxon, with a translation; a
Chronological Summary of Anglo-Saxon His-
tory, &c.

HUME'S (DR. A.) THE

LEARNED SOCIETIES and PRINTING
CLUBS of the United Kingdom ; being an
Account of their respective Origin, History,
Objects, and Constitution, with a SUPPLE-
MENT containing all the recently established
Societies and Printing Clubs, and complete
Lists of their Publications to the Present Time,
by A. I. EVANS, post 8vo., new cloth, 5s.

G. Willis, 1853.
This Work will be found of great utility to
all Literary Men, Public Libraries, &c.

RAYNOUARD, LEXIQUE

ROMAN, ou Dictionnaire de la Langue des
Troubadours, comparoe avec lesautres Langues
de l'Europe Latine, 6 large vols, royal 8vo.,
sewed, 21. 10s. Paris, 1844.

This excellent and extensive work is pre-
ceded by " Nouvelles Rechcrches Historiques
et Fhilologiques, un R^sumiS de la Grammuirc
Romance, un nouveau choix des Poesies origi-
nates des Troubadours, et Extraits de Poemes
divers," &c.

G. WILLIS, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.

*THE HOMILIST for MAY

JL (No. XVIL), price Is., contains :

The Necessary Instrument of True Pro-
gress. Buying the Truth ; by the Rev. A.
Bannay. Germs of Thought : Christianity
and Pharisaism ; The Perfection of Humanity;
The Moral Mirror of the Good. The Religion
of Semblance, and the Religion of Substance.
Glances at Great Preachers : Williams of
Wern.

" It is, of all Thought-books for Ministers
the most suggestive and philosophical we have
seen for many a year. If we have any objec-
tion to make, it is on the score of too prodigal

an expenditure of mental wealth." MoraMJf

Christian Spectator.

Just published, in 1 vol. price 8s. 6e7. cloth,

CONSECRATED HEIGHTS;

or. Scenes of Hisrher Manifestations. By the
REV. R. FERGUSSON, LL.D., F.A. S.,
M. R. I. A.

In a few Days, in 1 vol., crown 8vo.

SACRED STUDIES ; or, Aids

to the Development of Truth. Being a Second
and enlarged Edition of " Discourses on Im-
portant Subjects." By the REV. DR. FER-
GUSSON.

WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.

Price One Shilling,

THE NATIONAL MISCEL-
LANY FOR MAY contains :

1. Cronstadt.

2. A Chapter from the Romance of Vege-
table Life.

3. Water.

4. A Scene on the Coasts of the Skagarack.

5. Mediaeval London — continued.

6. Advertising Columns and their Associa-
tions.

7. The Military Geography of Turkey.

8. Notices.

9. Poetry.

At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand,
London.

Now ready, No. VL, 2s. 6d., published
Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d„ is also-
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

/THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,

1 No. CLXXXVIIL, is published THIS
DAY.

Contents :

I. LAURENCE STERNE.
II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.

III. THE WHIG PARTY.

IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
V. CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.

VI. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.
VII. TREASURES OF ART IN BRI-
TAIN.
VIII. NEW REFORM BILL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

MURRAY'S BRITISH CLAS-
SICS. _ The new Volume of this Series
of STANDARD EDITIONS of FNGLISH
AUTHORS, contains the Third Volume of
CUNNINGHAM'S EDITION OF GOLD-
SMITH'S WORKS, and is now published;
and the Fourth Volume, completing the Work,
will be ready early in May.
Albemarle Street,
April 29th, 1854.

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

415

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAYS, 1854.

AN ENCYCLOPEDIA. OF VENTILATION.

" The House \_of Commons'] met to-day [21th April]
after the Easter holidays — and honourable members, on
entering, seemed highly to appreciate the unusual luxury
of a little fresh air." — The Times, 28th April.

The failure of some late attempts to ventilate
public buildings invites me to set forth an Ency-
clopaedia of ventilation — at a cheap rate, and in a
compendious form.

Aware of the abilities and celebrity of many of
the writers on this subject — from Whitehurst
and Franklin to Reid and Gurney — I must ward
off the imputation of self-conceit by expressing
my belief that the errors of those who have failed
should be chiefly ascribed to excessive cleverness ;
to unadvised attempts at outwitting nature! I
hope to escape that snare. In the execution of
my humble task, I shall entirely rely on common
sense and common experience.

Air is essential to human life, and as respiration
destroys its vital qualities, the ventilation of rooms
which are intended for habitation should be a
primary object in all architectural plans.

Architects, however, seldom provide for the
ventilation of rooms otherwise than as they pro-
vide for the admission of light. Now the pro-
perties of light and air, with reference to our
domestic requirements, differ in some important
particulars — of which it may not^be amiss to give
a brief enumeration.

Light moves with uniform velocity : air is
sometimes quiescent, and sometimes moves at the
rate of thirty miles an hour. Light diffuses itself
with much uniformity : air passes in a current
from the point of its entrance to that of its exit.
Light, whatever be its velocity, has no sensible
effect on the human frame : air, in the shape of a
partial current, is both offensive to the feelings
and productive of serious diseases. Light, once
admitted, supplies our wants till nightfall : air
requires to be replaced at very short intervals.
Light may be conveniently admitted from above :
air requires to be admitted on the level of the
sitter. Light, by the aid of ground glass, may be
modified permanently : air requires to be va-
riously adjusted according to its direction, its
velocity, the seasons, the time of the day, the
number of persons assembled, &c.

An attentive consideration of the above cir-
cumstances leads me to certain conclusions which
I shall now state aphoristically, and proceed to
describe in more detail.

A room designed for a numerous assemblage of
persons — as a reading-room, a lecture- room, or
a school-i*oom — should be provided with aper-

tures, adapted to admit spontaneous supplies of
fresh air, in such variable quantities as may be
required, on at least two of its opposite sides, and
within three feet from the floor ; also, with aper-
tures in the ceiling, or on a level therewith, to
promote the exit of the vitiated air. The aper-
tures of both descriptions may be quite distinct
from those which admit light.

Suppose a room to be twenty-four feet square,
and sixteen feet in height, with two apertures for
light on each side, each aperture being three feet
wide by eight feet in height, and rising from the
floor. There are not many rooms constructed on
a plan so favourable to the admission of fresh air
— but it has some serious defects. 1. The air
would enter in broad and partial currents. 2. It
would not reach the angular portions of the room.
3. The vitiated air might rise above the apertures,,
and so accumulate without the means of escape.

Now, suppose the same room to have its aper-
tures at eight feet from the floor, and so to reach
the ceiling. The escape of the vitiated air might
then take place — if not prevented by a counter-
current. But whence comes the fresh air for the
occupants ? There is no direct provision for its
admission. The elevated apertures are utterly in-
sufficient for that purpose ; and the perpetual re-
quisite is no otherwise afforded than by the occasional
opening of a door J

It being thus established that the same aper-
tures can never effectually serve for light and
ventilation, I propose with regard to reading-
rooms, lecture-rooms, and school-rooms, which
require accommodation for books, maps, charts^
and drawings, rather than a view of external ob-
jects, that the windows should be placed in the
upper part of the room — that the admission of
fresh air should be provided for by ducts near the
floor — and the escape of the vitiated air by open-
ings in, or on a level with, the ceiling.

The number of windows, and their size, must
depend on the size of the room. If windows are
to admit light only, a smaller number may be suf-
ficient, and they may not be required on more
than one side ; a circumstance which recommends
the plan proposed, as we can seldom have win-
dows on each side of a room, or even on two of
its opposite sides, but may devise a method of so
admitting air.

Rejecting the use of windows as a means of
ventilation, and rejecting artificial currents of
every description, I propose the substitution of air-
ducts of incorrodible iron, to be inserted horizon-
tally in the walls of at least two opposite sides of
the room, within three feet from the floor, and at
intervals of about four feet. The ducts to be six
or eight inches in diameter, according to the size
of the room. The external orifice of each duct to
be formed of perforated zinc, and the internal
orifice, which may be trumpet-shaped, of perfc—

416

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

rated zinc or wire-gauze, with a device which
would serve to adjust the quantum of air ac-
cording to circumstances, and to exclude it at
night. By such contrivances, while the offensive
and noxious currents which proceed from wide
openings would be obviated, the supplies of fresh
air would always be equal to the demand. The
purest air may not be accessible — but, as Frank-
lin says, " no common air from without is so un-
wholesome as the air within a close room."

The escape of the vitiated air requires less con-
sideration. If the ceiling of the room be flat,
with another room above it, the upper part of
each window, in the shape of a narrow slip, might
be made to act as a sort of safety-valve ; but if
the windows are on one side only, corresponding
openings should be made on the opposite side, so
that there would almost always be, more or less, a
leeward opening. A vaulted ceiling, without any
other room over it, seems to be the most desirable
form, as the vitiated air would rise and collect to-
wards its centre, where there could be no counter-
current to impede its egress.

It is the union of those two objects, the admission
of fresh air and the riddance of the vitiated air,
skilfully and economically effected, which forms
the circle of the science of ventilation.

I have restricted myself to the means of ven-
tilation, which is requisite at all seasons of the
year, but am quite aware that warmth, or a tem-
perature above that of the external air, is some-
times indispensable to health and comfort, and
therefore to the free exercise of the faculties. I
believe, however, that the means proposed for the
admission of fresh air might also be made avail-
able for the admission of heated air, and that
either description of air might be admitted inde-
pendently of the other, or both descriptions simul-
taneously.

A vast increase of reading-rooms, lecture-rooms,
and school-rooms, may be safely predicted, and
as the due ventilation of such rooms is a project
of undeniable importance, I hope this note, eccen-
tric in form, but earnest as to its purpose, may
invite the remarks of others more conversant with
architecture and physics — either in correction, or
confirmation, or extension, of its general prin-
ciples and details. Bolton Cornet.

The Terrace, Barnes,
28th April, 1854.

THE HOUSE OF RUSSELL, OR DU ROZEL.

At a time when the readers of " N. & Q.," and
the world at large, have been hearing of the gift
of a bell to a village church in Normandy, so
pleasantly and readily made by the princely house
of Russell, far exceeding the modest solicitation
of the cure for assistance by way of a subscription,

in remembrance of the Du Rozels having left
their native patrimony in France to share the
fortunes of the Conqueror in Old England, the
following particulars may not be uninteresting.

Mr. Wiffen, when compiling his elaborate His-
torical Memoirs of the House of Russell, from the
Time of the Noi-man Conquest, had occasion to
make some inquiries respecting a statement put
forth by a M. Richard Seguin, a rich dealer in
merceries and wooden shoes at Vire, in the de-
partment of Calvados ; who, it appears, had a
mania for appropriating the literary labours of
others as his own, and, in fact, is stigmatised as
a voleur litteraire by M. Querard, in his curious
work entitled Les Supercheries Litteraires De-
voilees. Mr. Wiffen wished to ascertain M. Se-
guin's authority for affirming in some work, the
name of which is not given by M. Querard, but
which is probably the Histoire du Pays d'Auge et
des Eveques Comtes de Lisieux, Vire, 1832, that
the Du Rozels were descended from Bertrand de
Briquebec. M. Seguin's reply is contained in the
following letter from M. Le Normand of Vire, to
whom Mr. Wiffen had written, requesting him to
obtain M. Seguin's authority for his statement :

" J'ai vu M. Seguin, et je lui ai demands d'ou pro-
venaient les renseignements dont il s'etait servi pour
dire dans son ouvrage que les Du Rozel descendaient
des Bertrand de Bricquebec. II ma repondu qu'il
Vignorait ; qu'il avait eu en sa possession une grande
quantite de Copies de Chartres et d'anciens titres qui
lui avaient fourni les materiaux de son histoire, mais
qu'il ne savait nullement (Toil elles provenaient." — His-
torical Memoirs, fyc, vol. i. p. 5. n. 1.

The fact appears to be, that M. Seguin had ob-
tained possession, through marriage, of a quantity
of MSS., and was in the habit of printing them as
his own works. Some of them had belonged to
an Abbe Lefranc, one of the priests who were
murdered in the diabolical massacre of the clergy
in the prisons of Paris in September, 1792 ; and
others of the MSS. had been the property of a
M. Noel Deshayes, Cure de Compigni,^ whose
Memoires pour servir a V Histoire des Eveques de
Lisieux, were published by Seguin as his own,
but altered and disfigured under the title of —

" Histoire du Pays d'Auge et des Eveques Comtes
de Lisieux, contenant des Notions sur l'Archeologie,
les Droits, Coutumes, Franchises et Libertes du Bocage
et de la Normandie ; Vire, Adam, 1832."

The MS., however, from which Seguin printed
his forgery, turns out to have been but a copy ;
the original having since been discovered by M.
Formeville in the library of the Seminaire of
Evreux, and is now about to be published by that
gentleman (see Supercheries, torn, iv., Paris, 1852).
By a just retribution, M. Formeville is oneof the
literary men to whom Seguin refused to point out
his original authorities. M. Querard quotes some

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

417

passages, in juxtaposition, from Seguin's pretended
work and from the original MS., to show how the
latter had been altered and corrupted in the
printed copy. M. Seguin was quite illiterate,
and has committed the most egregious blunders
in his chef d'ceuvre de plagiat, as his Histoire du
Pays a"Auge is termed by Querard. Many other
authors, besides Mr. Wiffen and M. Forineville,
wrote to Seguin for his authorities on various
subjects, but he never pointed out a single one.
Full details are given of his literary thefts by
M. Querard and his coadjutors. When the ori-
ginal work of M. Deshayes appears, in its genuine
state, as promised by M. Formeville, the world
will then learn what was really stated respecting
the descent of the Du Rozels from Bertrand de
Briquebec; although the amiable and accom-
plished Mr. Wiffen is no longer living to avail
himself of the information. Seguin died in 1847.

John Macrat.
Oxford.

FERDINAND CHARLES III., DUKE OF PARMA.

Englishmen might, perhaps, feel even more horror
than they will do at the assassination, on Mar. 26,
of the Duke of Parma, if they were reminded
that he was the representative and lineal de-
scendant of Charles I., and as such possessed a
claim, by hereditary descent, on our Crown, supe-
rior to that of our gracious Queen, who is only
lineally descended from James I.

I subjoin his pedigree :

Charles !.■
I

Henrietta Maria=Philip Due d'Orleans.

Anna Maria=Victor Amadeus II., Duke of Savoy and King of
I Sardinia.

I
Charles Emanuel III., King of Sardinia, 1730=

Victor Amadeus III., King of Sardinian
I

Victor Emanuel, King of Sardinia, 1802=
^_ I

Maria Theresa= Charles II., Duke of Parma.

Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma, born January 14, 1823,
married, November 10, IMS, Louisa Maria Theresa of Bourbon,
daughter of the late Due de Berry, and was assassinated
March 26, 1854.

It is rather a singular circumstance, that the
Duchess of Parma should have been the wife of
the hereditary heir to the throne of England, and
the sister of the hereditary heir to the throne of
France, — her husband, the Duke of Parma, hav-
ing been the representative of the House of Stuart,

— and her brother, the Count de Chambord, being
the representative of the House of Bourbon.

E. S. S. W.

ORIGINAL ENGLISH ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND
MASTERS OF MALTA.

(Continued from Vol. ix., p. 267.)

Through the great kindness of my old friend at
this island, Frederick Sedley, Esq., and the con-
tinued and constant assistance of Dr. Vella, I am
now enabled to forward correct translations of the
seven remaining letters bearing the autograph of
Charles II. Mindful of the space which will be
required for their insertion in " N". & Q.," I shall
confine myself to a few preliminary remarks.

The first letter in the following list is the earliest
in date, as it is of the greatest interest. In it we
have, for the first time, found a curious statement
recorded by an English monarch, making known
that he not only built his galleys for the protection
of trade in this sea in different ports of the Medi-
terranean, and purchased the slaves to man them of
the Order of Malta, but also complaining to the
Grand Master for permitting the collector of cus-
toms to charge an export toll of " five pieces of
gold per head," which he considered an unjust tax
on this hind of commerce, and the more especially
so, because it was not demanded from his neigh-
bours and allies, the Kings of France and Spain.
That the Knights of St. John made their prisoners
slaves, disposing of some to the wealthy residents or
natives of the island, and employing others in the
erection of their dwellings, palaces, and fortifica-
tions, is well known.

Historians have stated that when Dragut landed
at Malta, in July, 1551, with Sinam, his admiral,
who was in joint command, they went to the sum-
mit of Mount Sceberras to reconnoitre before an
attack should be made on the convent. When
employed on this service, Sinam, who was opposed
to any hostile movement, pointing to the castle,
thus remarked, " Surely no eagle could have
chosen a more craggy and difficult place to make
his nest in. Dost thou not see that men must
have wings to get up to it, and that all the artil-
lery and troops of the universe would not be able
to take it by force ? " An old Turkish officer of
his suite, addressing Dragut, thus continued, —
" See'st thou that bulwark which juts out in the
sea, and on which the Maltese have planted the
great standard of their order ? I can assure thee
that whilst I was a prisoner with them, I have helped
to carry the large stones of which it is built, and am
pretty sure that before thou canst make thyself
master of it, thou wilt be overtaken by the winter
season ; and probably likewise prevented from suc-
ceeding by some powerful succours from Europe."
There can be little doubt that this remark was

418

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

feelingly made, and that the aged Turk who
uttered it had experienced, during his residence
as a prisoner at Malta, all the horrors of slavery.
That no consideration was given to the comfort of
a slave, and little value set on his life, will be
briefly shown by the following anecdote : — On the
13th of April, 1534, an accusation was made
against an English knight of the name of Massim-
berg, to the effect that he had unwarrantably
drawn his sword and hilled four galley slaves ; and
being convicted of the crime on the 18 th of May
of the same year, he was asked why judgment
should not be given against him. Massimberg
thus replied, " In hilling the four slaves I did well,
but in not having at the same time hilled our old and
imbecile Grand Master I did badly.'1'' This plea
not being considered satisfactory, he was deprived
of his habit ; but two days afterwards, that is, on
the 20th May, 1534, he was reinstated in the
Order, though for a time not permitted to enjoy
his former dignity of a commander. This knight
was also accused of having stolen a slave from a
Maltese ; but this accusation he stoutly denied,
giving, in proof of his innocence, that the man
bore on his shoulder a brand, or marh, by which he
could be easily known as belonging to him. (Vide
Manuscript Records of the Order.)

The next letter in the following list to which I
would briefly call attention is that under date of
June 21st, 1675, in which His Majesty Charles II.
refers to a misunderstanding which had taken
place between his admiral, Sir John Narbrough,
and the Order of Malta. The nature of this
difficulty is well explained by giving a correct
copy of the admiral's letter to the Grand Master,
which I have taken from the original now on file
in the Record Office of this island. It reads as
follows : —

To the most eminent Prince, the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta.

Most eminent Sir,

After the tender of my humble service, with my
hearty thanks for the manifold favours vouchsafed
unto my Master, the King of Great Britain, &c,
a,nd for your highness' extraordinary kindness
manifested to myself — and, most eminent sir, since
your favour of product, I have sent on shore one of
my captains to wait upon your highness with the
presentment of this my grateful letter, and withal
to certify to your eminence that I did, and do ex-
pect, a salute to be given by your highness to my
Master's flag which I carry, correspondent to the
salutes which you give to the flags of the King of
Spain and the King of France, which are carried
in the same place, it being the expectation of the
King my Master.

Formerly your eminence was pleased to make
some scruple of my command as admiral, which I
humbly conceive your highness is fully satisfied in,

since you received the last letter from the King of
Great Britain.

Sir, I have, since my arrival at your eminence's
port, often employed the Consul Desclaous to
wait upon your highness concerning the salutes, but
have not received any satisfactory answer thereto,
which I now humbly desire may be returned unto
me by my officer; and withal, that your eminence
will be pleased to honour me with your commands
wherein I may serve you, which shall be most
cheerfully embraced, and readily performed by,
Most eminent Sir,
Your highness' most humble

And faithful Servant,
John Nabbkough.

On board His Majesty's Ship Henrietta,
Malta, October 17, 1675.

That the complaints of Sir John !N"arbrough,
with reference to the Grand Master's refusal to
salute the English flag, were, in the end, satis-
factorily explained and removed, will be seen by
the following extracts taken from the Diary of
Henry Teonge, published in London in 1825.
The reverend writer was serving as chaplain on
board H. M. S. "Assistance" at the time
(1675-76) his notes were written.

" August 1, 1675. — This morn ivee com near Malta;
before wee com to the cytty, a boate with the Malteese
flagg in it corns to us to know whence wee cam. Wee
told them from England; they asked if wee had a bill
of health for prattick, viz., entertaynment ; our captain
told them he had no bill but what was in his guns' mouths.
Wee cam on and anchored in the harbour betweene the
old towne and the new, about nine of the clock ; but
must waite the governour's leasure to have leave to com
on shoare, which was detarded because our captain would
not salute the cytty, except they would retaliate. At last
cam the Consul 1 with his attendants to our ship (but
would not com on board till our captain had been on
shoare) to tell us that we had leave to com on shoare
six, or eight, or ten, at a time, and might have
anything that was there to be had ; with a promise to
accept our salute kindly. Wherupon our captain tooke
a glasse of sack, and drank a health to King Charles,
and fyred seven gunns : the cytty gave us five againe,
which was more than they had don to all our men of
warr that cam thither before."

" August 2. — This cytty is compassed almost cleane
round with the sea, which makes severall safe harbours
for hundreds of shipps. The people are generally ex-
treamly courteouse, but especially to the English. A
man cannot demonstrate all their excellency s and
ingenuitys. Let it suffice to say thus much of this
place : viz. Had a man no other business to invite
him, yet it were sufficiently worth a man's cost and
paines to make a voyage out of England on purpose
to see that noble cytty of Malta, and their works and
fortifications about it. Several of their knights and
cavaliers cam on board us, six at one time, men of
sufficient courage and friendly carriage, wishing us

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

419

good successe in our voyage, with whom I had much
discourse, I being the only entertainer, because I could
speak Latine ; for which I was highly esteemed, and
much invited on shoare again."

"Augusts. — This morning a boate of ladys with
their musick to our ship syd, and bottels of wine with
them. They went severall times about our ship, and
sang several songs very sweetly ; very rich in habitt,
and very courteous in behaviour ; but would not com
on board, though invited ; but having taken their
friscs, returned as they cam. After them cam, in a
boate, four fryars, and cam round about our ship, puld
off their hatts and capps, saluted us with congjes, and
departed. After them cam a boat of musitians, playd
severall lessons as they rowed gently round about us,
and went their way."

" August 4. — This morning our captain was invited
to dine with the Grand Master, which hindered our
departure. In the mean time wee have severall of the
Malteese com to visit us, all extreamly courteous. And
now wee are preparing to sail for Tripoly. Deus
vortat bene.

" Thus wee, th' ' Assistance,' and the new Sattee,
Doe steare our course poynt blanke for Trypoly ;
Our ship new rigged, well stord with pigg, and

ghoose a,
Henns, ducks, and turkeys, and wine cald Syracoosa."

The Rev. Mr. Teonge, having returned to Malta
on the 11th of January, 1675-6, thus continues : —

" This morning wee see the famous island of Malta ;
coming under Goza, a small island adjoyning to Malta,
wee discover a sayle creeping closse to the shoare ; we
hayle her with a shott — she would not budge ; we
sent a second, and then a third, falling veryneare her;
then the leiuetenant cam aboard us, and payd for the
shott ; it proved a pittifull Frenchman."

"January \l2. — A little after one a clock wee are
at anchor in Malta harbour, and have many salutes.
But we have no prattiek by reason of the plague, which
is begun heare."

"January 15. — This morning wee warp out of the
harbour with six merchantmen and a doggar, which
wee are to convoy towards the strait's mouth. Here
also wee took in two mounths' provisions and fresh
water. And as wee goe out wee meete six gallys of
Malta coming in in all their pompe, and they salute
us, and wee them, and part. And heare at Malta
(which was very strainge to mee), at this time of the
year, wee have radishes, cabbiges, and excellent colly
flowers, and large ones for a penny a-piece."

On the 29th January, 1675-6, the reverend
writer again returned to Malta, and made under
this date the following note : —

" This day David Thomas and Marlin, the coock,
and our master's boy, had their hands stretched out, and
with their backs to the rayles, and the master's boy
with his back to the maine mast, all looking one upon
the other, and in each of their mouths a mandler spike,
viz., an iron pinn clapt closse into their mouths, and
tyd behind their heads ; and there they stood a whole
houre, till their mouths were very bloody, an excellent
cure for swearers."

" February 4. — This day dined with us Sir Roger
Strickland, Captaine Temple, Captaine Harrice, and one
gentleman more. Wee had a gallant baked pudding,
an excellent legg of porke, and colliflowers, an ex-
cellent dish made of piggs' petti-toes, two rosted piggs,
one turkey cock, a rosted hogg's head, three ducks, a
dish of Cyprus burds, and pistachoes and dates together,
and store of good wines."

" February 5 God blesse those that are at sea !

The weather is very bad."

" February 11. — Sir John Narbrough cam in
from Trypoly, and four more ships with him. The
noble Malteese salute him with forty-Jive gunns ; he
answers them with so many that I could not count
them. And what with our salutes, and his answers,
there was nothing but fyre and smoake for almost two
hours."

The great length of this communication pre-
vents my taking other extracts from a " Diary "
which contains much interesting information, and
is written in a quaint and humorous style.

William Winthbop.

La Valetta, Malta.

Whipping a Lady. — The following is from a
MS. Diary of the Rev. John Lewis, Rector of
Chalfield and Curate of Tilbury :

" August, 1719. Sir Christopher Hales being jilted
by a lady who promised him marriage, and put him
off on the day set for their marriage, gave her a good
whipping at parting. Remember the story."

Is there any corroboration of this ? E. D.

Mother of Thirty Children. — An instance has
come under my notice of a woman, whose maiden
name was Lee, born in Surrey; married, first,
Berry, with whom she lived thirty years, and had
twenty-six children (four times twins) : all survived
infancy. Married, secondly, Taylor, by whom she
had four children. Died at Stratford, aged eighty-
four. Within a few weeks of her death, was as
upright as a young woman. At the time of her
death, there were one hundred and twenty-two of
her descendants living. She lived most of her
married life near Whitechapel and Radcliffe, and
was buried in the Brickfield burying-ground. She
had sixteen boys and fourteen girls. Leyton.

"Ought" and "Aught." — I regret to observe
that ought is gradually supplanting aught in our
language, where the meaning intended to be con-
veyed is " anything." Todd's Johnson gives au-
thorities, but may they not be errors of the press ?
I am aware that use has substituted nought for
naught in the sense of " not anything," the latter
now expressing only what is " bad," and conve-
nience may justify that change, nought being not
otherwise used. Let me add that 1 am the more

420

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

in fear for our old servant aught, who surely has
done nought worthy of excommunication, from ob-
serving that such a writer as the Rev. Chevenix
Trench has substituted ought for aught to express
" anything." If convenience is allowed to justify
our having nought and naught, it surely claims that
we should keep aught and ought each for its ap-
propriate signification in writing, impossible as it
is to distinguish one from the other in speech.

T.
Nilbud.

Walton. — The following note is written on the
fly-leaf at the end of Hieron's Sermons, 1620 :

" Mr. Gillamour. — I pray you be entreated to lend
my wife what silver you think fittest upon this or other
bookes to supplie our present wants, soe as I may have
them againe when I restore it to you ; you shall doo
mee a greate curtesie, and I shall be very thankfull to
you.

Yours to his power to be cornanded,

Johs' Walton, Cler."

I have no information as to either party, and no
date is affixed to the request. E. D.

Salutations. — The parting salutations of various
nations are strikingly alike. The vale of the Latins
corresponds with the xa~LPe °f tne Greeks ; and
though Deity is not expressed distinctly in either, it
was doubtless understood : for who can be kept in
health without, as the ancients would say, the will
of the gods ? The Greek word perhaps has a higher
signification than the Latin ; for it was not a mere
complimentary salutation, says Macknight : " St.
John forbids it to be given to heretical teachers,
Eph. ii. 10, 11." The French, on taking leave, say
"Adieu," thus distinctly recognising the pro-
vidential power of the Creator; and the same
meaning is indeed conveyed in our English word,
" good-bye," which is a corruption of "God be
with you." The Irish, in their warmth of manner
and love of words, often extend the expression.
A well-known guide, upon my leaving one of the
loveliest spots in Wicklow, shook hands with me
heartily, and said, in a voice somewhat more
tremulous through age than it was when Tom
Moore loved to listen to it : " God Almighty bless
you, be with you, and guide you safely to your
journey's end ! " This salutation, when used
thoughtfully and aright, has not only a pleasant
sound, but deep meaning. E. W. J.

Crawley.

Good Times for Equity Suitors. — Having
lately met with the following particulars in Bishop
Goodman's Diary, I send them for insertion, if
you think fit, in " N. & Q. : "

" Then was the chancery so empty of causes, that
Sir Thomas More could live in Chelsea, and yet very
sufficiently discharge that office ; and coming one day

home by ten of the clock, whereas he was wont to stay
until eleven or twelve, his lady came down to see
whether he was sick or not ; to whom Sir Thomas
More said, • Let your gentlewoman fetch me a cup of
wine, and then I will tell you the occasion of my
coming; ' and when the wine came, he drank to his
lady, and told her that he thanked God for it he had
not one cause in chancery, and therefore came home
for want of business and employment there. The
gentlewoman who fetched the wine told this to a
bishop, who did inform me."

Abhba.

The Emperor of Russia and the Order of the
Garter. — The Emperor of Russia is a knight of
the Order of the Garter. Now, according to the
statutes of the Order, no knight ought to take up
arms against another, or in any way assist any-
body so to do.

In illustration of this, we find it stated in
Anstis' Register of the Most Noble Order of the
Garter, who quotes from Caligula, L. 6., in Bib.
Cott., that when the French king wished to bor-
row a sum of money from Henry VII., to employ
in the war with the King of Naples, the answer
was :

" Que le Roy ne povoit avec son honneur bailler
aide et assistence a icelluy son bon frere et cousin a
l'encontre du Roy de Naples, qui estoit son confrere et
allye, veu et considere qu'il avoit prise et recue l'ordre
de la garretiere. Et si le roi autrement faisoit, ce
seroit contrevenir au serment qu'il a fait par les status
du dit ordre."

Will the Emperor of Russia be deprived of his
ill-deserved honours, or what is the course now
pursued ? It was not unusual formerly for kings
to exchange orders, and to return them in case of
war. Oscar Browning.

eauerioJ.

SIR HENRY WOTTON S VERSES, "THE CHARACTER
OF A HAPPY LIFE."

Owing to the almost perfect identity of these
verses with some by a German poet, George Ru-
dolph Weckerlin, a doubt has been expressed in a
German work as to whether they are to be con-
sidered the production of Sir Henry Wotton, or a
translation from the Geistliche unci weltliche Ge-
dichte of Weckerlin, a lyrical poet of considerable
eminence and popularity in his day, and who died
in London in 1651. Weckerlin was employed in
important affairs connected with the Protestants in
Germany during the Thirty Years' War, as secre-
tary to an embassy in London from that country ;
and was also employed on several occasions by
James I. and Charles I. An edition of Wecker-
lin's Poems was edited by him while he resided in
London, and was printed at Amsterdam in 1641,.
and again in 1648. A previous collection had ap-

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

421

peared at Stutgart in 1618. Many of his poems,
which he had left in MS. with his brother Lud-
wig in Germany, perished with him during the
horrors of the war. " What has become," Wecker-
Kn feelingly exclaims, " of my Myrta, that dear
poem, composed of so many sonnets and stanzas ? "

Perhaps some of the readers of " N. & Q.," who
are conversant with the literature of England and
Germany during the period alluded to, may be
able to solve the question as to the real author of
±he verses mentioned. John Macbat.

Oxford.

Plants and Flowers. — Might I inquire of your
correspondent Eirionnach why his long-pro-
mised Notes on the " ecclesiastical and rustic pet
names" of plants and flowers have never been
forthcoming ? I have often lingered on the
threshold of the " garden full of sunshine and of
bees," where Eirionnach has laboured ; would he
kindly be my guide to the pleasant domain, and
indicate (without trespassing on your columns I
mean) the richest gatherings of the legendary lore
and poetry of the vegetable kingdom ? Are there
any collections of similes drawn from plants and
flowers ? Dr. Aitkin has broken ground in his
Essay on Poetical Similes. Any notes on this
subject, addressed to the "care of the Editor,"
•will greatly oblige Sigma.

Customs, London.

Quotations wanted. — Whence the following :

1. " Condendaque Lexica mandat Damnatis, poenam
pro poenis omnibus unam."

Quoted at the end of the Preface to Liddell and
Scott's Lexicon ?

2. " Rex erat Elizabeth, sed erat Regina Jacobus ? " *

P. J. F. Gantileon.

Unde?

" Extinctus amabitur idem."

W. T. M.

Griffith, William, Bishop of Ossory. — Any facts
relative to the fife of this prelate will be acceptable,
as I am about to go to press with a work com-
prising Lives of the Bishops of Ossory.

James Graves.

Kilkenny.

,[* Rapin has given the parentage of this pasquil at
<he end of his History of James I. :

" Tandis qu' Elizabeth fut Roy
L'Anglois fut d'Espagne l'effroy,
Maintenant, devise et caquette,
Regi par la Reine Jaquette."]

" Cowperiana." — Southey, in his Preface to the
last volume of his edition of Cowper's Works
(dated Aug. 12, 1837), speaks of his intention to
publish two additional volumes under the title of
Cowperiana. Were these ever published ? If not,
will they ever be ? W. P. Storer.

Olney, Bucks.

John Keats s Poems. — Can any of your readers
inform me what legend (if any) John Keats the
poet refers to in his beautiful poem of St. Agnes'
Eve, st. xix., when he says :

" Never on such a night have lovers met,
Since Merlin paid his demon all the monstrous debt."

And pray let me know what is implied in the con-
cluding lines of his absurd poem of Hyperion, as
they have always been a mystery to me. "Eavdos.

Holland. — We have the kingdom of Holland,
we have the Holland division of Lincolnshire, and
in Lancashire we have the two townships of
Downholland and Upholland. Is the derivation of
each the same, and, if it be, what is the affinity ?

Prestoniensis.

Armorial. — Can the younger son of a peer use
the supporters to his family arms ?

Prestoniensis.

Stoke and Upton. — These names of places are
so very common, and in some counties, as Bucks,
Worcester, and Devon, apply to adjoining villages,
that it would be interesting to know the origin of
the names, and of their association.

Jno. D. Alcroft.

Slavery in England. — One of the recent vo-
lumes published by the Chetham Society, the
Stanley Papers, part ii., contains the household
books of the third and fourth Earls of Derby,
temp. Queen Elizabeth. I find in the " orders
touching the government of my Lo. his house,"
that at the date thereof (1558) slavery in some
form or other existed in England, for in the
mansion of this powerful noble it was provided —

" That no slaves nor boyes shall sitt in the hall, but
in place therefore appoynted convenyent."

And, —

" That the yemen of horses and groomes of the
stable shall not sufifre any boyes or slaves to abye about
the stables, nor lye in theym, nor in anie place about
theym."

Was there then in England the form of slavery
now in existence in the United States, and until
lately in the West Indies ; or was it more like the
serfdom of Russia ? And when was this slavery
abolished in England ? Prestoniensis.

" Go to Bath." — What is the origin of this
saying ? E. R.

422

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

Mummy Chests. — Harris, in his Natural His-
tory of the Bible, says :

" The imperishable chests which contain the Egyp-
tian mummies were of cypress."

Shaw, in his Travels, p. 376., says :

" The mummy chests, and whatever figures and in-
struments are found in the catacombs, are all of them
of sycamore."

"Which is right, and how can we account for the
contradiction ? N. L. J.

The Blechenden Family. — Thomas Blechenden,
D.D., a Prebendary of Canterbury, whose will
was proved in 1663, had a younger brother
Richard, who had a daughter Mary. It is de-
sired to know if Mary married, and if so, to
whom ? The family were of Kuffin's Hill in
Kent, and Richard is described as " of London."

Gwillim.

Philadelphia.

Francklyn Household Book. — In the extracts
from this MS., given in the Archeeologia, vol. xy.
p. 157., is an entry, —

" Given to the prisoners at White Chappel, Is."

Who were tbey ?

"Nov. 12, 1624. Given to Mr. Atkynson's man for
writing out the causes which are to be hearde in the
Star Chamber this tearme, Is."

Who and what was Mr. Atkynson ?

"June 13, 1625. Spent by Wyllyam when he was
sworn by the pages, 6s. 6d."

What does this refer to ?

" April 17, 1625. Given to Sir Charles Morrison's
groomes, 3s."

Who and what was Sir Charles Morrison ?
In another extract given elsewhere, I find, —

" August 5, 1644. For bay salt to stop the bar-
rells, 6d."

What does thi3 mean ?

"January 17, 1644. For four giggs and scourge-
sticks, 1«."

What are giggs and scourgesticks ?

" November 10, 1646. For haulfe a pound of cakes
andjumballs, 10c?."

What are jumballs ?

Can any of your readers tell me where this
Livre des Acconts pour Chevalier Jean Francklyn
en son [sic] Maison ait Wilsden now is ? When
the extracts were published in the Archaologia,
it was said to be in the possession of the late Sir
John Chardin Musgrave, Bart. I have applied to
the present Sir George Musgrave, and also to
George Musgrave, Esq., of Gordon Square, and
Bedfordshire, who is descended from Sir Christo-

pher Musgrave, who married to his second wife a
daughter of Sir George Francklyn ; but neither
can give me any tidings of this MS. J. K.

Lord RosehilVs Marriage. — An American
paper of August 22, 1768, has the following :

" Last week was married in Maryland, the Right
Honorable Lord Rosehill to Miss Margaret Cheer, a
lady much admired for her theatrical performances."

Who was Lord Rosehill ? W. D. R.

Philadelphia.

Colonel Butler. — Can you give me any in-
formation respecting Colonel Butler, who fought
during the civil wars, I fear, under the banner of
the usurper? He belonged to a Lincolnshire
family, and either his daughter or some relative
married a person of the name of Hairby or Harby.

Agares.

Willesdon, co. Middlesex. — Information is so-
licited respecting the families of Willesdon,
Roberts, Francklyn, Barne, Poulett, Atye, Troy-
ford, and Nicolls of this place, as well as of any
other families known to have belonged to this
parish.

Any communications as to the church, it»
original construction, or its reconstruction about
the end of the fourteenth, or beginning of the
fifteenth, century, or illustrative of the general
history of the parish in early or recent times, or
biographical notices of its vicars, will be gladly
received ; and as such information may not be
generally interesting to your readers, I would
request contributors to address any communica-
tions they may be pleased to favour me with, to
J. K., care of Mr. Fenton, Kensall Green, Harrow
Road, Middlesex. J. K.

Ashes of " Lignites" — A paragraph has been
making the circuit of the public papers, recom-
mending the use of ashes of lignites, to preserve
esculent roots. It may have originated with some
dealer in lignites ; but plain dealers would like to
be informed what lignites are ? Rtjstictjs.

[Lignite is a fossil wood carbonized'to a certain de-
gree, but retaining distinctly its woody texture. Dr.
MacCulloch, On liochs, p. 636., observes: "In its
chemical properties, lignite holds a station interme-
diate between peat and coal; while among the varieties
a gradation in this respect may be traced ; the brown
and more organised kinds approaching very near to
peat, while the more compact kinds, such as jet, ap-
proximate to coal."]

Bishop Bathurst. — I have heard it often asserted
that the late Dr. Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich,
was the youngest of forty-two children. Can this

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

423

be satisfactorily ascertained ? I remember hear-
ing it many years since during the bishop's life-
time. Such a circumstance is not beyond the
bounds of possibility, if we are to believe the
Parish Register of Bermondsey ; for there appears
an entry there of the marriage, on Jan. 4, 1 624-5,
of James Harriott, Esq., one of the forty children
of his father. I myself knew intimately a lady,
a clergyman's widow, who was the mother of
twenty-six children (Vol. v., p. 106. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 186.) ; and I have heard it said that one of her
brothers-in-law was father of twenty-four, and
another of fourteen children. The late Sir Robert
Wigram, Bart., had twenty-four children : he died
at the age of eighty-six. Y. S. M.

[Mrs. Thistlethwaite, in her Memoirs of her father,
p. 6., states, that " Benjamin Bathurst, Esq., the father
of the Bishop of Norwich, having married, first, Miss
Poole, an heiress, he had issue by her twenty-two
children ; by his second wife, Miss Brodrick, daughter
of Dr. Brodrick, a brother of Lord Midleton's, Mr.
Bathurst had a second family of fourteen children, of
whom my father was third child and second son. He
was a seven months' child, and I have heard that he
was so extremely small an infant, that he could not be
dressed like other children for some time after his
birth, but was obliged to be wrapped in cotton. My
father used to say in a joke, that he was wrapped in
cotton, and put into a quart mug." The bishop's
father had four children, one daughter and three sons.
These four had a hundred children between them,
thirty-six of whom fell to the lot of the bishop's father.]

" Seldh." — What is the meaning of the word
Selah, which occurs so often in the Psalms ? I
have observed that most people, in reading, omit
it. Should it be read or not ? F. M. Middeeton.

[A diversity of opinion prevails as to the exact im-
port of this term. The great musical critic Mattheson,
in a work written on the word, having rejected eleven
meanings, decides in favour of the twelfth, which makes
the word equivalent to the modern Italian da capo.
In this view, the word selah directs a repetition of the
air or song from the commencement, to the parts
where it is placed. Herder held that selah denoted a
swell, or a change in the rapidity of the movement, or
in the key. The Easterns, he says, are fond of a very
uniform, and, as it appears to Europeans, mournful
music ; but at certain points, they of a sudden change
the key, and pass into a different melody. These
points, he thinks, were among the Hebrews indicated
by the word selah. The balance of authority, however,

is in favour of the former view The People's Diet.

of the Bible. Consult also, Julius Bate's Critica Hebraa,
and Gesenius' Hebrew and English Lexicon.]

The Long Parliament. — Where is a list of it,
including its various changes, to be seen ?

Y. S. M.

[Among the King's Pamphlets in the British Mu-
seum (Press-mark, E. 1836.) is the following: "A
List of the Names of the Long Parliament, anno 1640 ;

likewise of the Parliament holden at Oxford ; as also-
of the three ensuing Parliaments holden at West-
minster in the years 1653, 1654, 1656, and of the late-
Parliament, dissolved April 22, 1659, with a Catalogue
of the Lords of the other House. London : Printed
in the year 1659." There is also another pamphlet
entitled " The Names of the Members of Parliament
which began on the 4th June, 1653. 4to. London,
1654."]

" The Three Pigeons." — Was it the house at
Brentford, mentioned by Dr. Rimbatjlt (Vol. ix.,
p. 331.), that suggested Tony Lumpkin's convivial
ballad in praise of " The Three Jolly Pigeons ? "

G. Taylob.

Reading.

[It is highly probable that the scene " An Ale-house
Room" in Goldsmith's comedy She Stoops to Conquer
is the " Three Pigeons" at Brentford, as this remark-
able hostel dates its origin from the days of Shakspeare
and Ben Jonson. It is frequently mentioned by the
early dramatists, and appears at one time to have been
in some repute, having had for its landlord the cele-
brated tragedian, John Lowin, cotemporary of Shak-
speare, and one of the original actors in his plays, who-
died in this house at a very advanced age :

" Thou art admirably suited for the Three Pigeons
At Brentford, I swear I know thee not."

The Roaring GirL

" We will turn our courage to Braynford — westward,
My bird of the night — to the Pigeons."

Ben Jonson's Alchymist.

See Faulkner's History of Brentford, p. 144.]

Captain Cook. — Wanted, the pedigree of Capt-
Jas. Cook (the circumnavigator), and a full ac-
count of his lineal and collateral descendants.

Wabdaee G. M'Allisteb..

Philadelphia.

[Dr. Kippis's Life of Captain Cook may be eon-
suited with advantage. It is carefully compiled, and
will be found in the fourth volume of his Biographia
Britannica, as well as in a separate 4to. volume, 1788.
For the death of the eldest and only surviving son of
the celebrated navigator, see Gentleman's Magazine for
February, 1794, p. 182., and p. 199. of the same
volume. ]

Varnish for old Boohs. — Can any of your
readers oblige me with a good receipt for varnish-
ing the binding of old books ? Bees-wax and tur-
pentine, used very thin, is a tolerably good one ;
but I am desirous of learning another,

Investigatob.

[A little common glue-size, made thin, would be
better than bees-wax and turpentine. The best varnish
that can be used is that made in France, and may be
had at Barbe Lechertier's, Artists' Colourman, 60.
Regent's Quadrant. It is called French varnish for
leather, and is sold at 14s. per pound. There is also
a common varnish for leather, which can be purchased

424

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

at Reilly's varnish manufactory, 19. Old Street, St.
Luke's. It is sold at about 3s. Cd. per pint.]

Callages. — When were cabbages first culti-
vated in England ? Who introduced them ?

C.H.

[Evelyn says, '"Tis scarce a hundred years since
we first had cabbages out of Holland, Sir Anthony
Ashley, of Wiburg St. Giles, in Dorsetshire, being, as
I am told, the first who planted them in England." —
Acetaria, sect. 11. They were introduced into Scotland
by the soldiers of Cromwell's army.]

ftcplte*.
Addison's hymns.
(Vol. ix., p. 373.)

After the correspondence that took place ("N.
& Q.," Vol. v.), I had hoped that Addison would
have been left in peaceable possession of those
" divine hymns " ascribed to his pen ; but this is
not to be. A former correspondent, J. G. F.,
doubted whether they were not composed by
Andrew Marvell ? This inquiry was, I hope,
satisfactorily answered, by myself in the first in-
stance, and afterwards by Mr. Crosslet, Vol. v.,
pp. 513. 548.

In No. 234. a later correspondent, S. M., asks
whether the hymn " When rising from the bed of
death," which he says is " taken from the chapter
on 'Death and Judgment,' in Addison's Evidences
of the Christian Religion" was written by Addi-
son or Dr. Isaac Watts ? In what edition of the
Evidences does S. M. find either the chapter he
speaks of, or this hymn? The place which it
occupies is in No. 513. of the Spectator. As I
have elsewhere stated, Addison was accustomed
to throw a little mystery over these poems ; and
" the excellent man in holy orders," to whom this
hymn is attributed, is unquestionably the ideal
clergyman, the occasional visitor of the club,
spoken of in the second number of the Spectator.

In the letter that accompanies this hymn, the
supposed writer says, —

" The indisposition which has long hung upon me,
is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly
make an end of me or of itself. , . . Were I able
to dress up several thoughts of a serious nature, which
have made great impressions on my mind during a
long fit of sickness, they might not be an improper en-
tertainment for one of your Saturday's papers."

What a natural remark from a writer who, Ad-
dison tells us, treats divine topics "as one who
has no interests in this world, as one who is
hastening to the object of all his wishes, and con-
ceives hope from his decays and infirmities ! " This
sublime paper, or " series of thoughts," stamped
with the peculiar beauties and polish of Addison's

style, closes with the hymn in question, com-
posed, as the writer says, "during this my
sickness."

Watts survived the date of this paper above
thirty-five years. Had it been his own com-
position, would he not have claimed the author-
ship, and incorporated the hymn amongst his
sacred songs ?

Let us not, in the pages of " N. & Q." at least,
witness farther attempts to misappropriate the
writings of one, whose undying fame will be co-
temporaneous with the literature of England.
Still, in the beautiful language of Addison's
friend Tickell, may he in his hymns —

" warn poor mortals left behind,

A task well suited to his gentle mind."

J. H. Markland.

LONGFELLOW.

(Vol. ix., pp. 174. 255.)

A communication from a gentleman, who mar-
ried into a family of this name, informs me that the
Longfellows of Brecon were a branch of a York-
shire family ; and that a portion of more than one
family, probably from the same county, are now
settled in Kent. My friend has not before had
his attention turned to this subject, but he pro-
mises farther inquiry. T. S. N.

Bermondsey.

Why should W. P. Storer suppose that the
name of Longfellow originated otherwise than in
the lengthy proportions of an ancestor ? Surely the
well-known surnames, Rufus, Longshanks, Strong-
bow, are sufficient to warrant us in saying that
Longfellow need have nothing to do with Longue-
ville. From what shall we derive the names of
Longman, Greathead, Littlejohn, and Tallboy ?

John P. Stilwell.

Dorking.

By the kindness of the Registrar-General, I am
enabled to point, with some precision, to a few of
the localities in which the name of Longfellow
exists in this country. Upon reference to the
well-arranged indexes in his office, it appears that
the deaths of sixty-one persons bearing this name
were recorded in the years 1838 to 1852 ; and of
these, fifty occurred in the West Riding of York-
shire, namely, in Leeds thirty-five ; Otley, and its
neighbourhood, ten ; Selby four, and in Keighley
one. The other instances were, in the metropolis
seven, and one each in Swansea, Newport (Mon-
mouth), Tewkesbury, and Hastings. More than
one third of the males bore the Christian name of
William.

It is not probable that the Longfellows are
numerous in any part of England : indeed, as we

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

425

know that of the general population the average
annual mortality is 2-2 per cent, the sixty-one
deaths in fifteen years, or four deaths yearly, might
be supposed to result from about two hundred
persons of the name ; but inferences of this nature,
except when large masses are dealt with, are often
very fallacious.

May not the derivation of the name be from
long fallow, of the same family as Fallows, Fel-
lowes, Fallowfield, and Langmead, which are not
uncommon ? James T. Hammack.

19. St. Mark's Crescent, Regent's Park.

C. H. quotes some lines said to have been writ-
ten on a window-shutter of the " Golden Lion,"
Brecon, when a Mr. Longfellow was proprietor,
fifty or sixty years ago :

" Tom Longfellow's name is most justly his due;
Long his neck, long his bill, which is very long too ;
Long the time ere your horse to the stable is led," &c.

These lines remind me of the following passage
of the poet Longfellow's in his Hyperion, which,
not to speak of a possible plagiarism, has at least
a strange family resemblance :

" If you go to Zurich, beware how you stop at
'The Raven.' I wrote in the travellers' book —

< Beware of the Raven of Zurich ;
'Tis a bird of omen ill,
With a noisy and an unclean breast,
And a very, very long bill.'

" If you go to • The Golden Falken ' you will find it
there. I am the author of those lines. — Longfellow."

G. Dymond.

BOOKS BURNT BY THE HANGMAN.

(Vol. ix., pp. 78. 226.)

As the subject is interesting, you will probably
permit me to cite a few more examples : — In
Geo. Chalmers' Catalogue,11 Burnt by the hangman"
is appended to a copy of Wm. Thomas' Historie of
Italie, 1549 ; but I do not find this stated else-
where. The opinions emitted in this work are of
a free nature certainly, in respect to the governed
and governing powers ; but whatever was the fate
of his book, I rather think Thomas (who was exe-
cuted in Mary's reign) suffered for some alleged
act of overt treason, and not for publishing sedi-
tious books. An Information from the States of
the Kingdome of Scotland to the Kingdome of
England, showing how they have bin dealt with by
His Majesty's Commissioners, 1640: in a pro-
clamation (March 30, 1640) against seditious
pamphlets sent from Scotland, this tract was pro-
hibited on account of its containing many most
notorious falsehoods, scandals, &c. ; it was ordered
to be burnt by the common hangman. (Bymer's
Feed., as quoted by Chalmers.)

There is now before me a modern impression of
an old cut in two compartments : the upper repre-
senting the demolition of the " Crosse in Cheape-
side on the 2nd May, 1643;" and the lower a
goodly gathering of the public around a bonfire,
viewing, with apparent satisfaction, the committal
of a book to the flames by the common executioner,
with this inscription :

" 10th May, the Boocke of Spartes vpon the Lord's
Day, was burnt by the hangman in the place where
the Crosse stoode, and at (the) Exchange."

That great lover of sights, Master Pepys, notices
one of these exhibitions :

"1661, 28th May, with Mr. Shipley," says our
gossip, " to the Exchange about business ; and there,
by Mr. Rawlinson's favour, got into a balcone over
against the Exchange, and there saw the hangman
burn, by vote of Parliament, two old acts : the one for
constituting us a Commonwealth, and the other I have
forgot ; which still do make me think of the greatness
of this late turne, and what people will do to-morrow
against what they all, thro' profit or fear, did promise
and practise this day."

A note to this passage in the Diary (vol. i. p. 236.,
3rd edit.) supplies the defective memory of Pepys,
by informing us that the last was an " Act for sub-
scribing the Engagement;" and adds, on the same
day there had been burnt by the hangman, at
Westminster Hall, the " Act for erecting a High.
Court of Justice for trying and judging Charles
Stuart." They seem to have been just then
cleansing out the Augean stable of the Common-
wealth: for it is added, "two more acts" were
similarly burnt next day.

In A Letter to a Clergyman, relating to his Sermon,
on the SOth Jan., by a Lover of Truth, 1746, the
lay author (one Coade, I believe), inveighing
against high churchmen, reminds the preacher
that he —

" Was pleased to dress up the principles of the Pres-
byterians in a frightful shape ; but let me tell you, Sir,
in my turn, that the principles of your party have been
burnt, not by a rude and lawless rabble, but by the
common hangman, in broad day-light, before the Royal
Exchange in London, and by authority of Parliament.
Perhaps," he continues, " you never heard of this con-
temptuous treatment of the Oxford principles, and
therefore I will give it you from the Parliamentary
Records: — 'Anno Domini 1710. The House of
Lords, taking into consideration the judgment and
decree of the University of Oxford, passed in their
Convocation July 21, 1683, — it was resolved by the
Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled,
that the said judgment and decree contains in it several
positions contrary to the Constitution of this kingdom,
and destructive to the Protestant Succession as by law
established. And it was thereupon ordered, by the
Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled,
that the said judgment and decree shall be burnt by
the hands of the common hangman before the Royal

426

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

Exchange, between the hours of twelve and one, on
Monday the 17th March, in the presence of the Lord
Mayor of the City of London,' &c."

Doleman's Conference about the next Succession
to the Crown of England, reprinted at N. with
licence, in 1681, was, in 1683, condemned by the
University of Oxford, and burnt by the common
hangman.

In the above examples I have confined myself
to those books, &c. only which were expressly
consigned to the flames by the hangman. The
instances of book-burning where this indignity
was either not imposed, or its infliction not re-
corded, are numerous. Among the curiosities of
literature of Elizabeth's reign, were certain books
ascribed to a Dutchman, by name Henry Nicholas,
translated into English, and probably imported
from the Low Countries. This person, imbibing
the "damnable heresies" of David George, of
Leyden, became the apostle of a sect who styled
themselves "The Family of Love;" and their
fanatical books becoming obnoxious to the do-
minant party, they were, by proclamation, ordered
to be burnt ; and, as such manifestations of the
royal will usually ran, all persons were held pun-
ishable for having them in their possession. (See
Herbert's Ames.) As an example of the spiritual
power thus dealing with a book, apparently upon
its own authority, the following may be offered : —
Servetus de Trinitate, frc. (London, 1723.) This
edition, which is without name of place or printer,
and without date, was printed by Palmer for
Osborne the bookseller ; but, as soon as completed,
was Seized at the instance of Dr. Gibson, Bishop
of London, and burnt, with the exception of a
very few copies. (Davis' Journey round the Li-
brary, $-c.) The last unfortunate book I shall
mention is the Metrical Psalms of Dod ; which
was also, most likely, an episcopal seizure. Mr.
Holland, in his Psalmists of Britain, quoting from
George Withers' Scholler's Purgatory, says, " Dod
the silkman's late ridiculous translation of the
Psalms was, by authority, worthily condemned to
the fire," and, judging from its extreme scarcity,
I should say very few escaped. J. O.

I have not seen in your list of martyred books
the following, in the year a.d. 1684 : A Plea for
the Nonconformists, by Thomas De Laune, Gentle-
man. He died in Newgate, during his imprison-
ment for the book, in pursuance of the following
sentence :

" Ad General. Quartercal. Session. Pacis Dom.
Regis tent, pro Civitat. London per adjornament.
apud Justice-hall in le Old Bayly, die Mercurii Scil.
Decimo Sexto die January, Anno Regis Caroli Se-
cundi nunc Ang. &c.

" Thomas De Laune Convict, pro illicite Scribend.
Imprimend. et Publicand. Libel. Seditios. dert. con-
cerned librum Communis prascationis. Fin. 100 Marc.

Et committit, etc. ! Et ulterius quousq; Inven. bon.
de se bene gerend. per spacium Unius Anni Integri ex
tunc prox. sequen. Et quod libel, sedit. cum igne
Combust, sint apud Excambium Regal, in London,
et si Del. Sol. 5 shil. Wagstaffe."

In a letter containing a narrative of his trial
and imprisonment, written by him from prison,
occur many touches of humour. In his remarks
on the sentence he says, —

" The six shillings to be paid on my discharge is to
the hangman, for the faggots, 1 suppose."

" The Court told us that, in respect to our education
as scholars, we should not be pillory'd, though ('twas

said) we deserved it We were sent back to our

confinement, and the next execution-day our books were
burnt with fire (not with water, you must note), and
we continue here ; but, since I writ this, Mr. Ralphson
had a supersedeas by death to a better place ! '"

In his account he affirms that, on his own con-
fession of being the author of The Plea, and be-
cause he could find no bail, he was committed to
Newgate —

" Lodged among the felons, whose horrid company
made a perfect representation of that horrible place
which you describe when you mention hell. A hard
bench was my bed, and two bricks my pillow. But
after two days and nights, without any refreshment, the
unusualness of that society and place having impaired
my health, which at the very best is tender, and crazy,
I was removed, and am now in the press-yard, a place
of some sobriety, though still a prison ubi nihil amabile
est ! "

Twenty years after, 1704, his Plea was re-
published, with his narrative, by one of his fel-
low-prisoners, who had been released, and who
calls it " an elaborate piece " ! He adds, that De
Laune, being unable to pay

" the seventy-five pound, his children, his wife, and
himself were imprison'd, and all dy'd in New-gate ; of
which myself was an eye-witness, and a companion
with him for the same cause in the same prison, where
I continued above a year after his death."

E. F. Woodmaw.
P. S. — Query, What is the meaning, in the fore-
going, of the expression " at the next execution-
day" ? Have we any instance on record of the
execution of a malefactor in front of the Royal
Exchange ? and, if not, did the hangman come
from Newgate, after " doing duty " there, and
burn the book at the Exchange ?

In 1611 the books of Conrad Vorstius were
publicly burnt in St. Paul's Churchyard and both
the universities by the king's order. (Wilson's
Life and Reign of James L, p. 120.)

On Sunday, November 21, 1613, the books of
Francis Suarez, the Spanish Jesuit, were publicly
burnt at St. Paul's Cross. {Court and Times of
James L, vol. i. pp. 279, 280.) C. H. Cooper.

Cambridge.

Mat 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

427

(Vol. be., p. 272.)

With respect to the wines called Sacks, much
diversity of opinion has prevailed ; and although
the question has been frequently discussed, it still
remains, in a great measure, undetermined. It
seems admitted, on all hands, that the term sack
was originally applied to certain growths of Spain.
In a MS. account of the disbursements by the
chamberlain of the city of Worcester for 1592,
Dr. Percy found the ancient mode of spelling to
be seek, and thence concluded that sack is a cor-
ruption of sec, signifying a dry wine. Moreover,
in the French version of a proclamation for regu-
lating the prices of wines, issued by the Privy
Council in 1633, the expression vins sees cor-
responds with the word sacks in the original.
The term sec is still used as a substantive by the
French to denote a Spanish wine ; and the dry
wine of Xerez is known at the place of its growth
by the name of vino seco. The foregoing account
is abridged from The History of Ancient and
Modern Wines, by Alex. Henderson, Lond. 1824.
The following is taken from Cyrus Bedding's
History of Modern Wines, Lond. 1833 :

" In the early voyages to these islands (the Canaries),
quoted in Ashley's collection, there is a passage re-
lative to sack, which will puzzle wise heads about that
wine. It is under the head of ' Nicols' Voyage.'
Nicols lived eight years in the islands. The island of
Teneriffe produces three sorts of wine, Canary, Mal-
vasia, and Verdona, ' which may all go under the de-
nomination of sack.' The term then was applied
neither to sweet nor dry wines exclusively, but to
Canary, Xeres (£. e. sherry), or Malaga generally. In
Anglo-Spanish dictionaries of a century and a quarter
old, sack is given as Vino de Canarias. Hence it was
Canary sack, Xeres sack, or Malaga sack."

'AAieus.

Dublin.

In reply to your correspondent, I believe sack
to be nothing but vino secco, dry wine, probably
identical with sherry or madeira. I once, when an
undergraduate at Oxford, ordered a dozen from
a travelling agent to a London wine merchant, pro-
bably from Shakspearian associations, and my belief
is that what he sold me under that name was an
Italian wine of some sort, bearing a good deal of
resemblance to the vino panto, of which Perugia is
the head-quarters. B. D.

This is the same wine which is now named
sherry. FalstafF calls it sherris sack, and also
sherris only, using in fact both names indiscri-
minately (2 Henry IV, Act IV. Sc. 3.). For
various commentaries regarding it, see Blount's
Glossographia ; Dr. Venner's Via recta ad Vitam
longam, published in 1637 ; Nares' Glossary, &c.
Cotgrave, in his Dictionary, makes sack to be

derived from vin sec, French ; and it is called
seek in an article by Bishop Percy, from an old
account-book at Worcester, anno Elizabethae 34.

N. L. J.

IRISH LAW IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
(Vol. ix., p. 270.)

What has been mistaken by your correspondent
for a piece of Irish barbarity, was, until the Act
12 Geo. III. c. 20., the usual punishment awarded
by the law to culprits standing mute upon an
arraignment of felony (that is, without speaking at
all, or without putting himself upon God and the
country). The judgment in such case was :

" That the man or woman should be remanded to
the prison, and laid there in some low and dark room,
where they should lie naked on the bare earth, without
any litter, rushes, or other clothing, and without any
garment about them, but something to cover their privy
parts, and that they should lie upon their backs, their
heads uncovered and their feet, and one arm to be
drawn to one quarter of the room with a cord, and the
other arm to another quarter, and in the same manner
to be done with their legs ; and there should be laid
upon their bodies iron and stone, so much as they
might bear, and more ; and the next day following, to
have three morsels of barley bread without any drink,
and the second day to drink thrice of the water next to
the house of the prison (except running water), without
any bread ; and this to be their diet until they were
dead. So as, upon the matter, they should die three
manner of ways, by weight, by famine, and by cold.
And the reason of this terrible judgment was because
they refused to stand to the common law of the land."
— 2 Inst 178, 179.

In the Year-Book of 8 Henry IV. the form of
the judgment is first given. The Marshal of the
King's Bench is ordered to put the criminals into
" diverses measons bases et estoppes, que ils gisent
par la terre touts nuds forsque leurs braces, que
ils mettroit sur chascun d'eux tants de fer et poids
quils puissent porter et plus," &c, (as above).

It appears also, from Barrington's Observations
on the Statutes, that, until the above-mentioned act,
it was usual to torture a prisoner by tying his
thumbs tightly together with whipcord in order to
extort a plea ; and he mentions the following in-
stances where one or more of these barbarous
cruelties have been inflicted :

" In 1714 a prisoner's thumbs were thus tied at the
same place" (Old Bailey), "who then pleaded ; and in
January, 1720, William Spigget submitted in the same
manner after the thumbs being tied as usual, and his
accomplice, Phillips, was absolutely pressed for a con-
siderable time, till he begged to stand on his trial. In
April, 1720, Mary Andrews continued so obstinate,
that three whipcords were broken before she would
plead. In December, 1721, Nathanael Haws suffered
in the same manner by squeezing the thumbs ; after

428

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 236.

which he continued under the press for seven minutes
with 250 lbs., and then submitted."

Barrington also says in the text :

" As it is very unusual for criminals to stand mute on
their trials in more modern days, and it was not unfre-
quent, if we go some centuries back in English History,
it may not be improper to observe, that the occasion of
its being then more common, was to prevent forfeitures,
and involving perhaps innocent children in their parents'
guilt. These forfeitures only accrued upon judgment of
life and limb, and, to the disgrace of the crown, were
too frequently levied with the utmost rigour. The
sentence, however, hath continued to be put into exe-
cution till the' late Act of Parliament (12 Geo. III.
•c. 20.) properly abolished it."

He mentions two other cases, one of which
happened at the Sussex assizes, under Baron
Thompson, and the other at Cambridge, in 1741,
•when Baron Carter was the judge. I do not think
there are any more modern instances than these,
for they are the only ones cited by counsel in
General Picton's case, in justification of inflicting
torture on a prisoner. (State Trials, vol. xxx.)
The Marquis Beccaria, in an exquisite piece of
raillery, has proposed this problem with a gravity
and precision truly mathematical :

" The force of the muscles and the sensibility of the
nerves of an innocent person being given, it is required to
find the degree of pain necessary to make himself guilty
of a given crime." — 1 Bl. Com. 327. n.

A prisoner standing mute at the present day
would be sentenced to undergo the punishment
that would be awarded to him, if found guilty of
the crime laid to his charge. Investigator.

Manchester, April 4, 1854.

Blackstone (book iv. chap. 25.) speaks of the
■cases in which punishment of "peine forte et dure"
was inflicted according to the ancient law. It
would occupy too great space to quote what he says
on this point, and, therefore, I must refer your
correspondent to his work itself, where he will also
find an inquiry into its origin. The punishment is
described almost in the words of your correspon-
dent's quotation ; thus :

" That the prisoner be remanded to the prison from
whence he came, and be put into a low, dark chamber ;
and there be laid on his back, on the bare floor, naked,
unless where decency forbids ; that there be placed upon
his body as great a weight of iron as he could bear, and
more ; that he have no sustenance, save only, on the first
day, three morsels of the worst bread, and, on the second
day, three draughts of standing water, that should be
nearest to the prison door ; and in this situation this
should be alternately his daily diet, till he died, or (as
anciently the judgment ran) till he answered."

Blackstone farther intimates that this punish-
ment was abolished by statute 12 Geo. III. c. 20.,
which shows, of course, that it continued to be

according to law for more than thirty years after
the date mentioned by Abhba. B. O.

The punishment, or more properly torture, al-
luded to by Abhba, was the "peine forte et
dure," commonly applied in the early part of the
last century to such criminals as refused to plead.
Many died under it in order to save their estates,
&c. from forfeiture to the crown. In my forth-
coming anecdotes of " The Eighteenth Century,"
several cases are cited from the newspapers of the
time ; but, as the MS. is now in the printer's hands,
I cannot refer to them. Writing from memory, I
think that the last case in which this torture was
applied at the Old Bailey in London was in 1735,
and reported in the London Magazine of that year.
The " Press-yard " at Newgate derives its name
from being the scene of these tortures.

Alexander Andrews.

job xix. 26.

(Vol. ix., p. 303.)

Perhaps the best mode in which I can comply
with Mr. C. Mansfield Ingleby's request, is to
send for insertion in the " N. & Q." my MS. note
on the text in question :

riNT ispj nw nrw
im?a nrnx ■>"\&2Vi

The difficulties which the reader experiences,
on reading the authorised version of this passage,
are by no means trifling. Every one knows that
the words printed in Italics are not to be found
in the original ; the strictly literal rendering, ac-
cording to the construction put upon the verse by
our translators, would therefore run thus :

" And after my skin, destroy this,
Yet in my flesh shall I see God."

To say the least of it, " it is hard to be under-
stood." The three words in Italics, arbitrarily
introduced, make the passage by no means more
intelligible.

The erudite author of the mai'ginal readings
(see "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 108.) felt the diffi-
culty, and therefore proposed another translation,
which is, —

" After I shall awake, though this body be destroyed,
Yet out of my flesh shall I see God."

By an effort of violent criticism, *"Tiy might be
translated my awaking; but it will require an
extraordinary critical mind to turn DST 1SpJ into
though this body he destroyed.

The difficulties seem to have originated with
the misapprehension of the proper meaning of the
verb S]p3 here. Instead of translating it accord-
ing to its primitive signification, viz. to surround

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

429

a foreign sense has been palmed upon it, viz. to
destroy. Job, no doubt, meant to say thus :

" And after my skin has returned, this shall be;
And out of my flesh shall I see God."

Thus the literal meaning demonstrates a connect-
ing link between verses 25 and 26. The authorised
version and the marginal reading seem to lack that
link:

" And I know that my Redeemer liveth,
And He shall at length abide upon the earth."

But would you know when this at length is to
take place ? It will come to pass when a shaking
of the dry bones shall take place, when bone to
bone shall be joined, when sinews and flesh shall
come upon them, and skin cover them above ; that
is, when the skeleton of my mutilated body shall
be raised a glorified body. In other words, —

" And after my skin returned, this shall be ;
And out of my flesh shall I see God."

The most ancient translators have evidently put
this construction upon the verse under consider-
ation. The Chaldee paraphrase runs thus :

*n Nnn *3K>d nan&n -inn p
: : arba nn '-onx nDnoi

" And after my skin is healed, this shall be ;
And out of my flesh shall I see the return of God."

PIDHN does not mean here inflated, as some sup-
pose. The Syriac version translates the word
IQpJ by the word "p^riX, which means surround,
wind round. The Vulgate has the following ver-
sion of the patriarch's prophetic exclamation :
" Et rursum circumdabor pelle mea,
Et in carne mea videbo Deum meum."

Jerome evidently knew not what to do with the
word riNT, and therefore omitted it. He might
have turned it to good account by translating0 it
erit hoc.

The above note has been penned upwards of
five years ago, and I transcribe it now, without a
single alteration, for the benefit of Mr. C. Mans-
pieed Ingeeby and his friends.

Moses Margoliouth.
Wybunbury, Nantwich.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Photographic Experiences. — We have received from
our valued correspondent Dr. Mansell, of Guernsey,
a suggestion to which we are happy to give publicity,
and to the promotion of which we shall be very glad to
lend the columns of " N. & Q." Our photographic
readers are probably aware that the Talbotype process
is increasing in favour; we have recorded Dr. Dia-
mond's strong testimony to its advantages. Mr.
Llewellyn has just described his process (which is
strikingly similar) in the Photographic Journal; and in

a recent number of La Lumiire the Vicomte Vigier
confirms the views of our countrymen. Dr. Mansell,
who has given our readers the benefit of his experience,
well remarks that in all his acquaintance with physical
science, he knows nothing more remarkable than that
Mr. Fox Talbot should not only have discovered this
beautiful process, but likewise have given it to the
world (in 1841) in so perfect a form, that the innu-
merable experiments of a dozen years have done
nothing essential to improve it, and the best manipu-
lators of the day can add nothing to it. It is, however,
with a view to testing some of the points in which
photographers differ, so as to establish which are best,
that Dr. Mansell suggests, that a table giving,

1. The time of exposure in the camera, in a bright

May sun,

2. The locality,

3. The iodizement,

4. The maker of the paper,

5. The diameter of the diaphragm,

6. Its distance from the lens, and

7. The diameter, focal length, and maker of the

lens,

would, if carefully and honestly stated by some twenty
or thirty photographers, be extremely valuable. Of
this there can be little doubt, and we hope that our
scientific photographic friends will respond to this
suggestion. We for our parts are ready to receive
any such communications, and will, at the end of the
month, collate and arrange them in such form as may
best exhibit the results. It is obvious that, in a matter
of such a nature, vie at least should be furnished with
the names of our correspondents.

The Ceroleine Process. — The unfavourable state of
the weather has prevented me from making many ex-
periments as to the value of the process given in your
234th Number, but I have seen enough to convince me
that it will effect a great saving of trouble, and be
more sensitive than any modification of Le Gray's
process that has yet been published. It will, however,
be rather more expensive, and, in the hands of persons
unaccustomed to chemical manipulations, rather diffi-
cult ; but the solutions once made, the waxing process
is delightfully easy. William Pumphrey.

On preserving the Sensitiveness of Collodion Plates. —
The Philosophical Magazine of the present month con-
tains a very important article by Messrs. Spiller and
Crookes upon this great desideratum in photographic
practice. We have heard from a gentleman of con-
siderable scientific attainments, that, from the few ex-
periments which he had then made, he is convinced
that the plan is quite feasible. We of course refer our
readers to the paper itself for fuller particulars as to
the reasoning which led the writers to their successful
experiment, and for an enumeration of the many ad-
vantages which may result from their discovery.
Their process is as follows :

" The plate, coated with collodion (that which we
employ contains iodide, bromide, and chloride of am-
monium, in about equal proportions), is made sensitive
by immersion in the ordinary solution of nitrate of

430

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

silver (30 grains to the ounce), and after remaining
there for the usual time, is transferred for a second so-
lution of the following composition :

Nitrate of zinc (fused)
Nitrate of silver
Water -

2 ounces.

35 grains.

6 ounces.

The plate must be left in this bath until the zinc solu-
tion has thoroughly penetrated the film (we have found
five minutes amply sufficient for this purpose, although
a much longer time is of no consequence) ; it should
then be taken out, allowed to drain upright on blot-
ting-paper until all the surface moisture has been ab-
sorbed (about half an hour), and then put by until
required. The nitrate of zinc, which is still retained
on the plate, is sufficient to keep it moist for any length
of time, and we see no theoretical or practical reason
why its sensitiveness should not be retained as long :
experiments on this point are in progress ; at present,
however, we have only subjected them to the trial of
about a week, although at the end of that period they
were hardly deteriorated in any appreciable degree.
It is not necessary that the exposure in the camera
should be immediately followed by the development,
as this latter process can be deferred to any convenient
opportunity, provided it be within the week. Pre-
vious to development, the plate should be allowed to
remain for a few seconds in the original thirty-grain
silver-bath, then removed and developed with either
pyrogallic acid or a protosalt of iron, and afterwards
fixed, &c. in the usual manner."

Bepltea ta Minat <Qutviz$.

Tippet (Vol. ix., p. 370.). — P. C. S. S. cannot
help thinking that tippet is nothing more than a
corruption, per metathesia, of epitogium. Such, at
least, seems to have been the opinion of old
Minsheu, who, in his Guide to the Tongues, 1627,
describes it thus :

" A habit which universitie men and clergiemen
weare over their gownes. L. Epitogium, ab sirl and
toga."

P. c. s. s.

Heraldic Anomaly (Vol. ix., p. 298.). — As your
correspondent John o' the Ford wishes to be
furnished with examples of arms now extant, aug-
mented with a cross in chief, I beg to inform him
that on the north side of St. John's Gate, Clerken-
well, immediately above the arch, are three shields :
the centre one bearing a plain cross (the arms of
the order) ; on the right, as you face the gateway,
the shield bears a chevron ingrailed between three
roundles, impaling a cross flory, over all on a chief
a cross ; that on the left is merely a single shield,
bearing a chevron ingrailed between three roundles
apparently (being somewhat damaged), in chief a
plain cross. If the colours were marked, they are
indistinguishable, — shield and charges are alike
sable now. On the south side are two shields :

that on the right has been so much damaged that
all I can make out of it is that two coats have been
impaled thereon, but I cannot discover whether
it had the cross in chief or not ; that on the left
bears a chevron between three roundles, in chief
a plain cross. This shield also is damaged ; but,
nevertheless, enough remains to enable one to make
out the charges with tolerable certainty.

Tee Bee.

George Wood of Chester (Vol. viii., p. 34.). — I
think it very probable that this gentleman, who
was Justice of Chester in the last year of the reign
of Mary and the first of Elizabeth, will turn out
to be George Wood, Esq., of Balterley, in the
county of Stafford, who married Margaret, relict
of Ralph Birkenhead, of Croughton, in Cheshire,
and sixth daughter of Sir Thomas Grosvenor, of
Eaton, Knight, ancestor of the present noble house
of Westminster. If Cestriensis can obtain access
to Shaw's History of Staffordshire, the hint I have
thrown out may speed him in his investigations.

T. Hughes.

Chester.

Moon Superstitions (Vol. viii., pp. 79. 145. 321.).
— The result of my own observations, as far as
they go, is, that remarkable changes of weather
sometimes accompany or follow so closely the
changes of the moon, that it is difficult for the least
superstitious persons to refrain from imagining
some connexion between them — and one or two
well-marked instances would make many converts
for life to the opinion ; — but that in comparatively
few esses are the changes of weather so marked
and decided as to give them the air of cause and
effect. J. S. Warden.

" Myself" (Vol. ix., p. 270.).— The inscription
from a gravestone, inserted by G. A. C, brought
to my mind a poem by Bernard Barton, which I
had met with in a magazine {The Youth's Instructor
for December, 1826), into which it had been copied
from the Amulet. The piece is entitled " A
Colloquy with Myself." The first two stanzas,
which I had always considered original, are sub-
joined for the sake of comparison :

" As I walk'd by myself, I talk'd to myself,
And myself replied to me ;
And the questions myself then put to myself,
With their answers 1 give to thee.

Put them home to thyself, and if unto thyself,
Their responses the same should be :

O look well to thyself, and beware of thyself,
Or so much the worse for thee."

T. Q. C.

Polperro, Cornwall.

I cannotinform G. A. C. by whom or in what year
the lines were written, from which the epitaph he
mentions was copied; but he will find them amongst

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

431

the Epigrams, &c, &c, in Elegant Extracts, in the
edition bearing date 1805, under the title of a
Rhapsody. West Sussex.

Boman Roads in England (Vol. ix., p. 325.). — I
think that in addition to the reference to Richard
of Cirencester, Pbestoniensts should be apprised
of the late General Roy's Military Antiquities of
Great Britain (published by the Society of Anti-
quaries), a most learned and valuable account of
and commentary on Richard de Cirencester, and
on all the other works on the subject ; Stukeley,
Horsley, &c. I have my own doubts as to the
genuineness of Richard's work ; that is, though I
admit that the facts are true, and compiled with
accuracy and learning, I cannot quite persuade
myself that the work is that of the Monk of West-
minster in the fourteenth century, never heard of
till the discovery of an unique MS. in the Royal
Library at Copenhagen about 1757. I suspect it
to have been a much more modern compilation.

C.

Anecdote of George IV. (Vol. ix., pp. 244.
338.). — If Julia R. Bockett has accurately copied
(as we must presume) the note that she has
sent you, I am sorry to inform her that it is a
forgery : the Prince never, from his earliest youth,
signed "George" tout court; he always added P.
If the story be at all true, your second correspon-
dent, W. H., is assuredly right, that the " old
woman" could not mean the Queen, who was but
eighteen when the Prince was born, and could not,
therefore, at any time within which this note could
have been written, be called, even by the giddiest
boy, " an old woman." When the Prince was twelve
years old, she was but thirty. C.

General Eraser (Vol. ix., p. 161.). — The com-
munication of J. C. B. contains the following
sentence :

" During his interment, the incessant cannonade of
the enemy covered with dust the chaplain and the
officers who assisted in performing the last duties to
his remains, they being within view of the greatest part
of both armies."

As some might suppose from this that the Ame-
rican army was guilty of the infamous action of
knowingly firing upon a funeral, the following ex-
tract from Lossing's Bictorial Field Book of the
Revolution, lately published, is submitted to the
readers of " N. & Q." It tells the whole truth upon
the subject. It is from vol. i. p. 66. :

" It was just sunset in that calm October evening,
that the corpse of General Fraser was carried up the
hill to the place of burial within the 'great redoubt.'
It was attended only by the members of his military
family, and Mr. Brudenel, the chaplain ; yet the eyes
of hundreds of both armies followed the solemn proces-
sion, while the Americans, ignorant of its true character,
kept up a constant cannonade upon the redoubt. The

chaplain, unmoved by the danger to which he was ex-
posed, as the cannon-balls that struck the hill threw
the loose soil over him, pronounced the impressive
funeral service of the Church of England with an un-
faltering voice.* The growing darkness added solemnity
to the scene. Suddenly the irregular firing ceased, and
the solemn voice of a single cannon, at measured in-
tervals, boomed along the valley and awakened the re-
sponses of the hills. It was a minute gun, fired by
the Americans in honour of the gallant dead. The
moment information was given that the gathering at
the redoubt was a funeral company fulfilling, amid
imminent perils, the last breathed wishes of the noble
Fraser, orders were issued to withhold the cannonade
with balls, and to render military homage to the fallen
brave."

I may add, for the information of English readers,
that Lossing's Pictorial Field Booh of the Revolution
is a work of great general accuracy, written by a
gentleman who travelled thousands of miles to col-
lect the materials. The drawings for the work
were drawn, and the numerous woodcuts engraved,
by him. They are the finest woodcuts ever pro-
duced in this country. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

The Fusion (Vol. ix., p. 323.). — The Orleans
branch, though it derives its eventually hereditary
claim to the throne of France from Louis XIII.,
as stated by E. H. A., have later connexions in
blood with Louis XIV. The Regent Duke married
Mdlle de Blois, the legitimated daughter of Louis
XIV. Louis-Philippe's mother was great-grand-
daughter of Louis XIV. by another line. C.

" Corporations have no souls " (Vol. ix., p. 284.).

— This saying is to be found in Coke's Reports,
vol. x. p. 32. :

* A corporation aggregate of many is invisible, im-
mortal, and rests only in intendment and consideration
of the law. They cannot commit treason, nor be out-
lawed, nor excommunicate, for they have no souls,
neither can they appear in person, but by attorney."

Ekica.

Apparition of the White Lady (Vol. viii., p. 317.).

— Some account of the origin of this apparition
story is given at considerable length by Mrs.
Crowe in the Night Side of Nature, chapter on
Haunted Houses, pp. 315. 318. John James.

Avington Rectory, Hungerford.

Female Parish Clerk (Vol. viii., p. 338.). — The
sexton of my parish, John Poffley, a man worthy
of a place in Wordsworth's Excursion, was telling
me but a few days ago, that his mother was the
parish clerk for twenty-six years, and that he well
remembers his astonishment as a boy, whenever

* Burgoyne's State of the Expedition, p. 169. Lieu-
tenant Kingston's Evidence, p. 107.

432

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

he happened to attend a neighbouring church
service, to see a man acting in that capacity, and
saying the responses for the people.

John James.
Avington Rectory, Hungerford.

I have just seen an extract from "N". & Q." in
one of our local papers, mentioning Elizabeth
King as being clerk of the parish of Totteridge in
1802, and a question by Y. S. M. if there were
any similar instance on record of a woman being
a parish clerk ? In answer to this Query, I beg
to inform Y. S. M. that in the village of Misterton,
Somerset, in which place I was born, a woman
acted as clerk at my mother's wedding, my own
baptism, and many years subsequently : I was
born in 1822. Wm. Higgins.

Bothy (Vol. ix., p. 305.). — For a familiar men-
tion of this word (commonly spelt Bothie), your
correspondent may be referred to the poem of The
Bothie of Toper-na-fuosich, a Long- Vacation Pas-
toral, by Arthur Hugh Clough, Oxford : Macpher-
son, 1848. The action of the poem is chiefly carried
on at the Bothie, the situation of which is thus de-
scribed (in hexameter verse) :

" There on the blank hill side, looking down through
the loch to the ocean,
There with a runnel beside, and pine trees twain be-
fore it,
There with the road underneath, and in sight of
coaches and steamers,
j Dwelling of David Mackaye, and his daughters Elspie
and Bella,
Sends up a volume of smoke the Bothie of Toper-na-
fuosich."
This sort of verse, by the way, is thus humor-
ously spoken of by Professor Wilson in his dedi-
cation, " to the King," of the twelfth volume of
Blackwood (1822):

" What dost thou think, my liege, of the metre in which

I address thee ?
Doth it not sound very big, very bouncing, bubble-

and-squeaky,
Rattling, and loud, and high, resembling a drum or a

bugle —
Rub-a-dub-dub like the one, like t'other tantara-

tara?
(It into use was brought of late by thy Laureate

Doctor —
But, in my humble opinion, I write it better than he

does)
It was chosen by me as the longest measure I

knew of,
And, in praising one's King, it is right full measure

to give him."

ClJTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

King's Prerogative and Hunting Bishops (Vol.
ix., p. 247.). — The passage of Blackstone, referred
to by the Edinburgh Reviewer, will be found in his
Commentaries, vol. ii. p. 413., where reference is

made to 4 [Coke's] Inst. 309. See also the same
volume of Blackstone, p. 427. It is evident that
Bishop Jewel possessed his " muta canum." See
a curious account of a visit to him by Hermann
FalkerzhUmer, in the Zurich Letters, second series,
pp. 84. &c. H. Gough.

Lincoln's Inn.

Green Eyes (Vol. viii., p. 407.; Vol. ix., p. 112.).
— Antoine Heroet, an early French poet, in the
third book of his Opuscules d Amour, has the follow-
ing lines :

" Amour n'est pas enchanteur si divers
Que les yeux noirs face devenir verds,
Qu'un brun obscur en blancheur clere tourne,
Ou qu'un traict gros du vissage destourne."

(Love is not so strange an enchanter that he can
make black eyes become green, that he can turn
a dark brown into clear whiteness, or that he can
change a coarse feature of the face.) Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Brydone the Tourist (Vol. ix., pp. 138. 255.
305.).—

" On lui a reproche d'avoir sacrifie la verite au plaisir
de raconter des choses piquantes."

In a work (I think) entitled A Tour in Sicily,
the production of Captain Monson, uncle to the
late Lord Monson, published about thirty years
ago, I remember to have read a denial and, as
far as I can remember, a refutation of a statement
of Brydone, that he had seen a pyramid in the
gardens or grounds of some dignitary in Sicily,
composed of — chamber-pots ! I was, when I read
Mr. Monson's book (a work of some pretensions
as it appeared to me), a youngster newly returned
from foreign travel, and in daily intercourse with
gentlemen of riper age than myself, and of attain-
ments as travellers and otherwise which I could
not pretend to ; many of them were Italians, and
I perfectly remember that by all, but especially by
the latter, Brydone's book was treated as a book of
apocrypha. Traveller,

Descendants of John of Gaunt, Noses o/(Vol. vii.,
p. 96.). — Allow me to repeat my Query as to
E. D.'s remark : he says, to be dark-complexioned
and black-haired " is the family badge of the Her-
berts quite as much as the unmistakeable nose in
the descendants of John of Gaunt." I hope E. D.
will not continue silent, for I am very curious to
know his meaning. Y. S. M.

"Fid" (Vol. vii., p. 271.). — I am surprised at
the silence of your Irish readers in reference to
the pronunciation of this word. I certainly never
yet heard it pronounced like " but " amongst edu-
cated men in Ireland, and I am both a native of
this country and resident here the greater part of
my life. The Prince Consort's name I have occa-

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

433

sionally heard, both in England and Ireland, pro-
nounced as if the first letter was an O — " Olbert"
— and that by people who ought to know better.

y. s. m.

"Caricature; a Canterbury Tale" (Vol. ix.,
p. 351.). — The inquiry of H. as to the meaning
of a " Caricature," which he describes (though I
doubt if he be correct as to all the personages),
appears to ine to point to a transaction in the his-
tory of the celebrated " Coalition Ministry " of
Lord North and Fox ; in which —

" Burke being Paymaster of the Forces, committed
one or two imprudent acts : among them, the restor-
ation of Powel and Bembridge, two defaulting sub-
ordinates in his office, to their situations. His friends
of the ministry were hardly tasked to bring him
through these scrapes ; and, to use the language of
Wraxall's Memoirs, ' Fox warned the Paymaster of the
Forces, as he valued his office, not to involve his
friends in any similar dilemma during the remainder
of the Session.' "

A. B. R.
Belmont.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Dr. Waagen, the accomplished Director of the Royal
Gallery of Pictures, Berlin, has just presented us with
three volumes, to which, as Englishmen, we may refer
■with pride, because they bear testimony not only to
the liberality of our expenditure in works of art, but
also to the good taste and judgment which have gene-
rally regulated our purchases. The Treasures of Art
in Great Britain, being an Account of the Chief Col-
lections of Paintinys, Drawings, Sculptures, Illuminated
MSS., §-c, as the work is designated, must become a
handbook to every lover of Art in this country. It is
an amplification of Dr. VVaagen's first work, Art and
Artists in England, giving, not only the results of the
author's more ripened judgment and extended experi-
ence, but also an account of twenty-eight collections in
and round London, of nineteen in England generally,
and of seven in Scotland, not contained in his former
work. And as the Doctor has bestowed much pains
in obtaining precise information regarding the art of
painting in England since the time of Hogarth, and
of sculpture since the time of Fiaxman ; and also de-
voted much time to the study of English miniatures
contained in MSS. from the earliest time down to the
sixteenth century ; of miniatures of other nations pre-
served in England ; of drawings by the old masters,
engravings and woodcuts ; he is fully justified in say-
ing that, both as regards the larger class of the public
who are interested in knowing the actual extent of the
treasures of Art in England, and also the more learned
connoisseurs of the history of Art, this edition offers in-
comparably richer and more maturely digested materials
than the former one. Let us add, that the value of
this important and most useful and instructive book is
greatly enhanced by a very careful Index.

We have received from Messrs. Johnston, the geo-
graphers and engravers to the Queen, two maps espe-
cially useful at the present moment, viz., one of the
Baltic Sea, with enlarged plans of Cronstadt, Revel,
Sveaborg, Kiel Bay, and Winga Sound; and the
other of the seat of war in the Danubian Principalities
and Turkey, with map of Central Europe.

At the Annual General Meeting of the Camden
Society on Tuesday last, M. Van de Weyer, Mr. Blen-
cowe, and the Rev. John Webb were elected of the
New Council in the place of Mr. Cunningham, Mr.
Foss, and Sir Charles Young, who retire.

The Inaugural General Meeting of the Surrey Ar-
cha?ological Society is announced for Wednesday next,
at the Bridge House Hotel, London Bridge, Henry
Drummond, Esq., in the chair. Objects of antiquarian
and general interest intended for exhibition may be
sent, not later than Monday the 8th, to Mr. Bridger,
the curator.

Books Received. — The present State of Morocco, a
Chapter of Mussulman Civilisation, by Xavier Durriew,
the new Part of Longman's Traveller's Library, is an
interesting picture of the institutions, manners, and
religious faith of a nation too little known in Europe.
— Deeds of Naval Daring, $•<;., by Edward Giffard,
Second Series. This new volume of Murray's Railway
Beading is well timed. — The Diary and Letters of
Madame D'Arblay, Vol. III., carries on her record of
the gossip of the Court during the years 1786-7.—
Critical and Historical Essays, §-c., by T. B. Macau-
lay, contains, among other admirable essays, those on
Walpole's Letters to Mann, William Pitt, Earl of
Chatham, Mackintosh's History of the Revolution,
and Lord Bacon.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

Essays and Sketches op Life and Character, by a Gentleman

who recently left his Lodgings. London, 1820.
Memoir of Sheridan, by the late Professor Smyth. Leeds, 1841.

12mo.

Wanted by John Martin, Librarian, Woburn Abbey.

The Artifices and Impositions of False Teachers, discovered

in a Visitation Sermon. 8vo. London, 1712.
The Church of England not supf.ustitious — showing what

Religions may justly be charged with Superstition, pp. 46, 8vo.

London, 1714.
Physica Aristotelica MODERNA ACCOMODATA INI7SUM juventutis

academic*, Auctore Gulielmo Taswell. 8vo. London, 1718.
Antichrist Kevealed among the Sect of Quakers. London,

1723.
The above were written by Wm. Taswell, D.D., Rector of
Newington, Surrey, &c.
Miscellanea Sacra ; containing the Story of Deborah and Barak;

David's Lamentations over Saul and" Jonathan ; a Pindaric

Poem ; and the praver of Solomon at the Dedication of the

Temple, 4to., by E. Taswell. London, 1760.
The Usefulness of Sacred Music, 1 Chron. 16. 30. 40. 42., by

Wm. Taswell, A.M., Rector of Wootton-under-Edge, Glou-
cestershire. 8vo. London, 1742.
Commerce of the United States and West Indies, by the Hon.

Littleton W. Tazewell. London, 1829.

Wanted by It. Jackson, 3. Northampton Place, Old Kent Road.

434

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

Liber Precum. 1569.
Liber Precum. 1571.
Liber Precum. 1660.
Litorgu. 1670.
Eton Prayers. 1705.
Enchiridion Precum.
Enchiridion Precum.
Liber Precum. 1819.

Ch. Ch. Oxford.

1707.
1715.
Worcester College, Oxford.

Wanted by Rev. J. W. Hewett, Bloxham, Banbury.

Any of the occasional Sermons of the Rev. Charles Kingsley, of
Eversley, more particularly The Mission op the Church to
the Labouring Classes, and Clothes Cheap and Nasty, by
Parson Lot.

Wanted by H. C. Cowley, Melksham, Wilts.

The Numbers of the British and Colonial Quarterly
Review, published in 1846, by Smith and Elder, Cornhill,
containing a review of a work on graduated, sliding-scale,
Taxation. Also any work of the French School on the same
subject, published from 1790 down to the end of the Revolu-
tion.

Wanted by R. J. Cole, 12. Furnival's Inn.

Brevint's Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice.
1757. Rivingtons.

4th Edition,

Wanted by S. Hat/ward, Bookseller, Bath.

J. G. Agardh, Species, Genera, et Ordines Algarum. Royal

8vo. London, 1848—1853.
Lacroix, Diff. et Integ. Calculus. Last edition.

Wanted by the Rev. Frederick Smithe, Church down, Gloucester.

Platonis Opera Omnia (Stallbaum). Gothas et Erfordiae,
Sumptibus Guil. Hennings, 1832 ; published in Jacobs and Rost's
Bibliotheca Graeca. .Vol.iv. Sect. 2., containing Menexenus,
Lysis, Hippias uterque, Io.

Wanted by the Rev. G. R. Maekarness, Barnwell Rectory, near
Oundle. »

Admiral Napier's Revolution in Portugal. Moxon, Dover
Street.

Wanted by Hugh Owen, Esq., Bristol.

&atitt& to <&axxt&$n\\tsz\\t&.

F. R. F. The Third Part of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress is an
imposture. See " N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 222. For bibliographical
notices of that work, see the Introduction to The Pilgrim's Progress,
published by the Hunserd Knotty s Society in 1847.

I. R. R. For notices of John a Cumber, see our Fourth Volume
passim. — Knight of L. is Leopold of Austria ; K. C, Knight of
the Crescent of Turkey — Pricket is a young male deer if two
years old — Impresse is from Ital. imprendere, says Blount: see
also his Diet. s. v. devise — The Wends, or Vends, is an appella-
tion given to the Slavonian population, which had settled in the
northern part of Germany from the banks of the Elbe to the shores
of the Baltic.

W. W. (Malta). Received with thanks. Letters and more sheets
will be despatched on the \7th.

A Subscriber (Atherstone) is referred to our Reply to B. P. in
" N. & Q." of March 2blh, p. 290. We propose giving a short
paper on the subject.

R. P. (Bishop Stortford) shall receive a private communication
as to his photographic difficulties.

B. ( Manchester). The new fads arising every day necessarily
compel the postponement of the proposed work.

Replies to many other Correspondents next week.

Errata — Vol. viii., p. 328., for Sir William Upton read Sir
William Ussher. Vol. viii., p. 307., for Vernon read Verdon,
and for Harrington read Harington. Vol. ix., p. 373., for Lord
Boteloust read Botetourt.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price Ids. 6rf., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 4/. 4*. — For these early application
is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published atnoon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

OPENING of the CRYSTAL
PALACE, 1854.— It ig intended to OPEN
the CRYSTAL PALACE and PARK at the
end of May; after which they will be open
daily— Sundays excepted.

The following are the arrangements for the
admission of the public : —

Five Shilling Days On Saturdays the public

will be admitted by payment at the doors, by
tickets of 5s. each, and by tickets to include
conveyance by railway.

HauT-Crown Days — On Fridays the public
will be admitted by payment at the doors, by
tickets of is. 6d. each, or by tickets to include
conveyance by railway.

Shilling Days — Mondays, Tuesdays, Wed-
nesdays, and Thursdays will be shilling days.
At the gates a payment of Is. each will admit
the public, or tickets entitling the holder to
admission to the Palace and Park, and also to
conveyance along the Crystal Palace Railway,
from London-bridge Station to the Palace and
back, will be issued at the following prices :—

Including first-class carriage
Including second ditto
Including third ditto

2*. 6d.
2s. Od.
Is. 6d.

Children — Children under 12 years of age
will be admitted at half the above rates.

Hours of Opening — The Palace and Park
will be opened on Mondays at 9 o'clock; on
Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays at 10
o'clock a.m. ; and on Fridays and Saturdays at
12 o'clock; and close every day an hour before
sunset.

Opening Day — The opening will take place
about the end of May; the precise day will be
announced as early as possible. On that occa-
sion season tickets only will be admitted.

Season Tickets. — Season tickets will be
issued at two guineas each, to admit the pro-

prietor to the Palace and Park on the day of
opening, and on all other days when the build-
ing is open to the public.

Season tickets, to include conveyance along
the Crystal Palace Railway from London
Bridge to the Palace and back, without fur-
ther charge, will be issued at four guineas each,
subject to the regulations of the London,
Brighton, and South Coast Railway Company ;
but these Tickets will be available only for
trains from and to London and the Palace, on
such days as it is open to the public, and will
not be available for any intermediate stations.

No season ticket will be transferable or
available except to the person whose signature
it bears.

Family Season Tickets Members of the

same family who reside together will have the
privilege of taking season tickets for their own
use with or without railway conveyance on the
following reduced terms : —

Families taking two tickets will be entitled
to 10 per cent, discount on the gross amount
paidfor such tickets; taking three tickets, to a
discount of 15 per cent. ; taking four tickets, to
a discount of 20 per cent. ; and five tickets and
upwards, to a discount of 25 per cent. Families
claiming the above privilege, and desiring to
avail themselves of it, must apply in the ac-
companying form, and these tickets will be
available only to the persons named in such
application. Printed forms of application may
be had at the Office, 3. Adelaide Place.

Season tickets will entitle to admission from
the opening day till the 30th April, 1855.

The tickets to include conveyance by rail-
way will be delivered at the office of the Secre-
tary to the Brighton Railway, London Bridge.

Special Regulations and Bye- Laws All the

general provisions and regulations mentioned
above are to be understood as being subser-
vient to such special provisions, regulations, and
bye-laws on the part of the Railway Company
and the Palace Company as may be found
necessary to regulate the traffic, and to meet

special occasions and circumstances which may
from time to time arise.

By order of the Board,

G. GROVE, Secretary.

Adelaide Place, London Bridge,
April 13, 1P54.

Form of Application for Family Season
Tickets.

To G. Grove, Esq., Secretary, 3. Adelaide Place,
London Bridge.

Sir,— Be good enough to supply me with family
season tickets for myself and the following
members of my family, who are all residing
with me. Yours obediently,

Name

Address

Designation

Schedule of Prices of Family Season Tickets.

Without

Conveyance

Including

Conveyance

by Railway.

by Railway.

£ s. d.

s. d.

Two tickets - 3 16 0

Two tickets •

Three „

- 5 7 6

Three „

- 10 14 6

Four „

- 6 15 0

Four „

- 13 9 (

Five „

- 7 17 6

Five „

- 15 15 (

Six „

-990

Six „

- 18 18 (

Seven „

- 11 0 6

Seven „

- 22 1 (

Eight „

- 12 12 0

Eight „

- 25 4 0

Nine „

- 14 3 6

Nine „

- 28 7 0

Ten „

- 15 15 0

Ten „

- 31 10 0

Note The above application must be ad-
dressed to the Secretary, as above, and accom-
panied by a remittance for the full amount of
the tickets asked for, according to the above
schedule, in favour of George Fasson, 3. Ade-
laide Place. Cheques must be on a London
banker, and be crossed with the words ' Union
Bank of London ;" and no application, unless
so accompanied, will be attended to.

May 6. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

435

In one vol. 8vo., price 10s. 6d.

THE LIFE OF MRS. SHERWOOD (chiefly Autobiographical),
with Extracts from Mr. Sherwood's Journal during his Imprisonment in France and
Kesidence in India. Edited by her Daughter, SOPHIA KELLY, Authoress of the " De
Cliffords," " Robert and Frederic," &c. &c.

London : DARTON & CO., Holborn Hill.

Just published, price 3s. 6d.t 12mo., cloth,

AN INDEX TO FAMILIAR \
QUOTATIONS, selected principally
from British Authors, with parallel passages
from various writers, ancient and modern.
By J. C. GROCOTT, Attorney-at-Law.

Liverpool : "WALMSLEY, Lord Street.
London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

POPISH NUNNERIES !

This Day (price 3s. 6d.), a work of Fiction,
entitled

QUICKSANDS ON FOREIGN
SHORES, which ought to be in the hands
of every Protestant parent in the king-
dom. Its perusal cannot fail to make a deep
impression, and lead every right-minded man,
who takes as his rule the motto of the great
Selden, " Liberty above all things," to use his
best endeavours to aid Mr. Chambers' motion
for governmental inspection of these institu-
tions.

BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.

Now ready, Part XX., price 2s. 6d., super-royal
8vo. Part XXI. on 1st June, completing
the Work, forming one large volume,
strongly bound in cloth, price 21. 12s. 6d.

CYCLOPAEDIA BIBLIOGRA-
PHICA ; a Library Manual of Theolo-
gical and General Literature, and Guide for
Authors, Preachers, Students, and Literary
Men, Analytical, Bibliographical and Biogra-
phical. A Prospectus, with Opinions of the
Press, sent Free on receipt of a Postage Stamp.

London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great
Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5*.,

"VTOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp.720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c.< illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library ." — Silli-
tnan's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

I^VANS'S SELF-ACTING
U KITCHEN RANGES continue to main-
tain their superiority over all others, for roast-
ing, boiling, steaming, and baking, in the best
and moit economical manner, and yield a con-
stant supply of hot water, with the addition of
a HOP PLATE over the whole extent of the
Range, from 4 feet to 6 feet long.

Every article for the Kitchen in COPPER,
IRON, and BLOCK TIN, always on Sale at
JLRKMIAH EVANS, SON, & COMPANY'S
STOVE GRATE Manufactory and Show
x rSS&^V.J&r111^ WILLIAM STREET,
LONDON BRIDGE.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE

L & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS, DA-
GUERREOTYPISTS, &c. —Instanta-
neous Collodion (or Collodio-Iodide Silver).
Solution for Iodizing Collodion. Pyrogallic,
Gallic, and Glacial Acetic Acids, and every
Pure Chemical required in the Practice of
Photography, prepared by WILLIAM BOL-
TON, Operative and Photographic Chemist,
146. Holborn Bars. Wholesale Dealer in every
kind of Photographic Papers, Lenses, Cameras,
and Apparatus, and Importer of French and
German Lenses, &c. Catalogues by Post on
receipt of Two Postage Stamps. Sets of Ap-
paratus from Three Guineas.

WH. HART, RECORD
. AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and m
which he has had considerable experience.

I.ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

ARUNDEL SOCIETY — The

XJL Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3),
consisting of Eight Wood Engravings by
MESSRS. DALZIEL. from Mr. W. Oliver
Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
at PADUA, is now Ptady j and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions are requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN J. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

'FHE EXHIBITION OF PHO-

J TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. d»
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.-J. B. HOCKIN& CO., Chemists.
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto-
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.
Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-

Juirements for the practice of Photography,
nstruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-

SITIVR PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2A

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hass£,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
Parry JI. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

436

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 236.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
bance AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.
H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

MP.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
■W.Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller. Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A.Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J.Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Hankers. — Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus. .

Specimens of Bates of Premium for Assuring
100Z.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits:—

jE s. d.

-1114
- 1 18 8

Age
32-
37-
42-

£ s. d.

- 2 10 8

- 2 18 6

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6^.. Second Edition,
with material additions. INDUSTItlAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies. Building Companies,
&c. "With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's
Place, Trafalgar Square, London.

Established a. d. 1844.

TNVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

JL may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON.

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
■cation.

EENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH. as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, mav now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases. 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
'Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 10
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
SO cuineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and il. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

nHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF

\J SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb' s locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is
acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6'i. : double size, 4s. 6d. ; 7s. 6d.
equal to 4 small : 1 Is. to 6 small : 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6c/. Sent
Free by BEET HAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold bv PRING. 30. Westmorland Street :
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dnblin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork: BARRY, 9. Main
Street. Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK. BROTHERS, Glasgow ; DUN-
CAN & FLOWCHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PR01JT, 229.
Strand : KEATING. St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER

J\. ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SON'S beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS tak* the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, mav
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

Valuable Library of Books at Bigadon House,
Devonshire, Six Miles from the Railway
Station, Totness.

TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION,
by MR. JOHN HEATH, on Tuesday,
May 16th, and Two following Days, the valu-
able Library of Richard John King, Esq.
(author of " Anschar "), comprising some of
the best standard works in Theology, History,
Classics, and the general branches of Literature.
Also some curious works on Witchcraft and
Daemonology, early printed books, &c.

Catalogues to be had of MR. SAMPSON
LOW, Ludgate Hill, and of the Auctioneer,
Totness.

LIBRARY OF VALUABLE BOOKS.

MR. BENTLEY will SELL by
AUCTION, in the Lecture Room of the
Natural History Society, at Worcester, on
Tuesday, the 23rd Day of MAY, 1854, at
Eleven o'clock, A VALUABLE LIBRARY
of RARE and CHOICE BOOKS, including
one Copy of the First Folio Edition of Shak-
speare, London. 1623. and two varying Copies
of the Second Folio, London, 1632. with many
valuable Black-letter Books in Divinity and
History.

Catalogues may be had at the Office of the
Auctioneer, 9. Foregate Street, Worcester, one
week previous to the Sale.

Sale of Photographic Pictures, Landscape
Camera by Home & Co. j also Prints and
Drawings.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room,
191. Piccadilly, early in MAY. an important
Collection of Photographic Pictures by the
most celebrated Artists and Amateurs ; com-
prising some cJie.fs d'fpuvre of the Art, amongst
which are large and interesting Views taken
in Paris, Rouen, Brussels, Switzerland, Rome,
Venice, various parts of England and Scot-
land. Rustic Scenes, Architectural Subjects,
Antiquities, &c. Also, some interesting Prints
and Drawings.

Catalogues will be sent on Application (if at
a distance, on Receipt of Two Stamps).

Q ALE of the REV. G. S. FA-

O BER'S LIBRARY. — MR. WHITE
has received instructions to sell by Auction in
the House No. 1. North Bailey (next door to
f he Exhibition Room), Durham, on Tuesday,
Mav 9th, and three following days, the ex-
tensive and valuable Library of the late REV.
CI. S. FABER, Prebendary of Salisbury, and
Master of Sherburn Hospital. Durham, con-
sisting of editions of the Fathers, Works on
Divinity, General Literature, &c.

Catalogues are nowreadv, and maybe had
of MESSRS. F. & J. RIVINGTON. No. 3.
Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, and of MR. S.
LOW, 169. Fleet Street, London; MESSRS.
BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh ; of MR.
ANDREWS, Bookseller, Durham, and of the
Auctioneer.

Catalogues will be forwarded by Post by
MR. ANDREWS. Bookseller, Durham, on
receipt of Two Postage Stamps.

A LLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

f\. CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of
PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,
DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despitch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travell'.ig-bag
with the opening as large as the bag. and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles ot the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
Ft. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Gkouoe Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 1 86. Fleet Street aforesaid,— Saturday, May 6. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOE

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" "Wiien found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 237.]

Saturday, May 13. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.

£ Stamped Edition, 5*

CONTENTS.

Kotks : _ Page

" Shakspeare's Rime which he made at
the Mytre," by Dr. E. F. Rimbault - 439

Rous, the Scottish Psalmist. Provost of
Eton College: and his "Will, by the
Rev. II. T. Ellacombe - - - 440

Original English Royal Letters to the
Grand Masters of Malta, by William
"Winthrop - - - - 442

Disease among Cattle, by Thos. Nimmo 445

Popiana. by Harry Leroy Temple - 445

Hampshire Folk Lore, by Eustace W.
Jacob ----- 446

The most curious Book in the World - 446

Minor Notes :— Baptism, Marriage, and
Crowning of Geo. III. — Copernicus —
First Instance of Bribery amongst
Members of Parliament — Richard
Briusley Sheridan— Publican's Invita-
tion — Bishop Burnet again ! — Old
Custom preserved in Warwickshire —
English Diplomacy v. Russian - 447

Queries: —

Ancient Tenure of Lands, by A. J.

Dunkin - - - - - 448

Owen Rowe the Regicide - - 449

Writings of the Martyr Bradford, by the

Rev. A. Townsend - - - 448

Minor Queries :_ Courtney Family —
" The Shipwrecked Lovers"— Sir John
Bingham— Proclamation for making
Mustard — Judges practising at Bar

— Celebrated Wagers— "Pay me tri-
bute, or else "—"A regular Turk"

— Benj. Rush — Per Centum Sign —
Burial Service Tradition— Jean Bart's
Descent on Newcastle — Madame de
Stael — Honoria, Daughter of Lord
Denny— Hospital of John of Jerusalem

— Heiress of Haddon Hall— Monteith

— Vandyking — Hiel the Bethelite —
Earl of Glencairn — Willow Bark in
Ague — " Perturbabantur," &c. - 450

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Seamen's Tickets — Bruce, Robert —
Coronation Custom — William Warner
— "Isle of Beauty " — Edmund Lodge

— King John .... 452

Replies: —

Has Execution by Hanging been sur-
vived ? by William Bates - - 453

Coleridge's Christabel, by C. Mansfield
Ingleby - - - - - 455

General Whitelocke - - - 455

Photographic Correspondence :

Gravelly Wax Negatives — Photo-
graphic Experience - - - 456

Replies to Minor Queries : — Turkish
Language — Dr. Edward Daniel
Clarke'3 Charts of the Black Sea —
Aristotle on living Law — Christ's or
Cris Cross Row — Titles to the Psalms
in the Syrhic Version—" Old Rowley "
—Wooden Effigies — Abbott Families 456

Miscellaneous : —

Notes on Books, &c. - - - 458

Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 458

Notices to Correspondents - - 459

MK.RUSKIX' SKEW WORK.

Now ready, in crown 8vo., with 15 Plates,
price 8s. 6d. cloth,

LECTURES

ARCHITECTURE AND PAINTING.

JOHN RUSKiN,

Author of " The Stones of Venice," " Modern
Painters," " Seven Lamps of Architecture,"
&c.

London : SMITH, ELDER, & CO.,
65. Cornhill.

GOVERNMENT INSPECTION OF
NUNNERIES.

This Day, in fcp. 8vo., price 3s. 6c7. (post free,
4s.),

QUICKSANDS ON FOREIGN
SHORES 1 This work, which is the pro-
duction of a lady, and revised by a pre-
late highly distinguished in the world of letters,
ought to be in the hands of every Protestant and
Catholic in the kingdom.

BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.

MO R E L L. — RUSSIA AND
ENGLAND, THEIR STRENGTH
AND WEAKNESS. By JOHN REYNELL
MORELL. 100 pp., 12mo. sd., price Is.

WHITTY. — THE GOVERN-
ING CLASSES OF GREAT BRI-
TAIN: POLITICAL PORTRAITS. By
EDWARD M. WHITTY. 232 pp., 12mo. sd.,
price Is. 6d.

TRUBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.

Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. Gd.,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 60!., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

Vol. IX — No. 237.

XTO. II. of JOHN RUSSELL

1* SMITH'S OLD BOOK CIRCULAR is
published this Day ; containing 1200 Choice,
Useful, and Curious Books at very moderate
prices. It may be had Gratis on application,
or sent by Post on Receipt of a postage label to
frank it.

J. R. SMITH, 36, Soho Square, London.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

XTOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW FRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library." — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER Sc CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

JOHNSTON'S MAPS of the

tf WAR, engraved from entirely New
Drawings, and containing the latest and most
accurate information.

I. THE BLACK SEA, CAUCASUS,
CRIMEA, &c, with Large Plans of Sevastopol,
and the Positions of the Ships and Batteries,
seen from H.M.S.F. "Retribution." The
Bosphorus and Beicos Bay.

n. THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALI-
TIES, and adjoining Countries from Vienna
to Constantinople, and Map of CENTRAL
EUROPE, from St. Petersburg to Cairo.

III. THE BALTIC SEA and GERMAN
OCEAN, with enlarged Plans of Cronstadt,
Sveaborg, Revel, Port Baltic, and Gulf of Riga.

Price, coloured, Is. each ; by post, Is. id. ; or
the Three by Post, 3s. Gd.

Edinburgh : W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, Geo-
graphers and Engravers to the Queen ; and
all Booksellers.

Photographic Pictures, Landscape Camera by
Home & Co. ; a new Transit Instrument, by
Troughton & Sims ; also Prints and Draw-
ings, and a Collection of Paintings, chiefly
English Historical Portraits.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room.
191. Piccadilly, on THURSDAY, May 18, and
following Day, an important Collection of
Photographic Pictures by the most celebrated
Artists and Amateurs ; comprising some chefs
d'asuvre of the Art, amongst which are large
and interesting Views taken in Paris, Rouen,
Brussels, Switzerland, Rome, Venice, various
parts of England and Scotland, Rustic Scenes,
Architectural Subjects, Antiquities, Sc. Also,
some interesting Prints and Drawings, early
proofs of Landseer's Works.

Catalogues will be sent on Application (if at
a distance, on Receipt of Two Stamps).

438

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No, 237.

NEW WORKS
TO BE PUBLISHED IN MAY.

THE THIRD VOLUME OF
THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, from
the Fall of Napoleon to the Accession of Louis
Napoleon. By SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON,
Bart.

Contents :— Asia Minor, Greece, Turkey, in
1821. The Greek Revolution, Buttle of Nava-
rino, and Establishment of Greek Indepen-
dence. The War between Russia and Turkey,
1827—1829. France to the Revolution of 1830,
&c.

"KfARRATIVE of a JOURNEY

ll THROUGH SYRIA AND PALES-
TINE TN 1851 and 1852. By LIEUTENANT
VAN DE VEI.DE, late of the Dutch Royal
Navy. In 2 vols. 8vo., with Map of the Au-
thor s Route, Plan of Jerusalem, and other
Illustrations.

HISTORY OF THE PROPA-
GATION OF CHRISTIANITY
AMONG THE HEATHEN SINCE THE
REFORMATION. By the REV. W.
BROWN, .M.D., Secretary of the Scottish
Missionary Society. Third Edition, brought
down to the Present Time, in 3 vols. 8vo.

THE SECOND VOLUME.

HISTORY OF THE BYZAN-
TINE AND GREEK EMPIRES. By
GEORGE FINLAY, ESQ. Containing :

From in57 to the Storming and Sack of Con-
stantinople by the Crusaders in 1201.

From 1204 to the Sieee and Capture of Con-
stantinople by the Turks under Mohammed in
1463.

Now Published,
PROFESSOR JOHNSTON'S

CHEMISTRY OF COMMON
LIFE. Vol. I. Price 5s. With 87 Il-
lustrations, engraved on Wood by BRAN-
STON, &.c. To be completed in Two Volumes.

THE BLACK SEA.
The Fourth Edition of MR. OLIPHANT'S

RUSSIAN SHORES OF THE
BLACK SEA.

In octavo, with 34 Engravings on Wood, an
enlarged Map of the Crimea, and Map of the
Author's Route. Price 14s.

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH
PROTESTANT REFUGEES, from
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. By
CHARLES WEISS, Professor of History at
the Lycee Bonaparle. Translated, with the
assistance of the Author, by FREDERIC
HARDMAN. Demy 8vo., price 14s.

THE PHYSICAL ATLAS OF
NATURAL PHENOMENA.

By ALEXANDER KEITH JOHNSTON,
F.R.S.E., F.K.G.S., F.G.S., &c.

A new and carefully revised Edition, in
which subjects not overtaken in the First
Edition will be supplied, and the whole work
brought int" accordance with the present state
of information. To be completed in Twelve
Parts, imperial folio, price 21s. each. Pro-
spectuses may be had of all Booksellers.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.

A GENTLEMAN who is quite
Conversant with the French, German,
and Italian Languages, and well acquainted
with Botany and Entomology, is desirous of
obtaining some permanent Employment. The
most satisfactory References as to competency
and respectability of family and connexions
can be given.

Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN,
Printer, 9. Devonshire Street, Bishopsgate
Street.

XTEW PIANO MUSIC. — " The

i_ i celebrated Composer, Theodore Oesten

It is always with particular pleasure we direct
our attention to those subjects which are in-
teresting to our fairer readers _ such, for in-
stance, as the musical topics of the day. Every
fair pianiste is acquainted with the name of
Theodore Oesten ; every piano is loaded with
his gay and beautiful productions. Who does
not know, or, knowing, does not admire, his
' Valse Elegante V Who is insensible to his
beautiful interpretation of Kitchen's 'Cradle
Song' (Schlummerlied). or his very many
elegant transpositions for the pianoforte, as
' Rousseau's Dream,' Beethoven's admired
' Adelaide,' and bis very remarkable arrange-
ment of our glorious National Anthem ' God
save the Queen'— all of them worthy (and that
is not to say a little) of the popular arranger
of the charming "When the Swallows hasten
Home.' The singular merits of Theodore
Oesten have not escaped the vigilant eye of her
Majesty's music publishers, the Messrs. Robert
Cocks & Co. having secured, as we are in-
formed, the exclusive copyright of his works
for this country." — Vide Globe, 18th April,
1854.

LONDON : 6. NEAV BURLINGTON
STREET.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each.-D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age: — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, II. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti. C. II.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hassi?,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G.Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault. Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, materials, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

CHAPMAN'S LIBRARY FOR THE
PEOPLE.

THE CATHOLIC SERIES.

UNIFORM, IN POST OCTAVO, CLOTH.

Now ready, price 3s. 6d.

CATHOLIC UNION: Essays

\J towards a Church of the Future, as the
Organisation of Philanthropy. By FRANCIS
WILLIAM NEWMAN.

THE SPHERE AND DUTIES

OF GOVERNMENT. Translated from the
German of BARON WILHELM VON
HUMBOLDT. By JOSEPH COULTHARD,
Jun.

London : JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand.

CHAPMAN'S LIBRARY FOR THE
PEOPLE.

Now ready.

OVER - LEGISLATION. By
HERBERT SPENCER. Reprinted,
with Additions, from "The Westminster Re-
view." New Series. No. VII. July, 1853. 8<2-

A DEFENCE OF RELIGION.

By HENRY W. CROSSKEY. Is.

THE BOOK OF JOB. By

J. A. FROUDE, M.A., late Fellow of Exeter
College. Oxford. Reprinted from " The West-
minster Review." New Series. No. VIII.
October, 1853. 8</.

London : JOHN CHAPMAN, 143. Strand.

Just ready.

5PENO: a Tale of the Italian
J War, and other Poems. By JAMES D.
HORROCKS. Fcap. 8vo., cloth. 5s.

London : JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand.

In a few days, price 2s. fid.

TTLTIMA THULE; or,

U Thoughts suggested bv a Residence in
New Zealand. By THOMAS CHOLMON-
DELEY.

A HISTORY OF THE SES-

SION 1852-3, a Parliamentary Retrospect.
Fcap. 8vo., cloth, Is. 6d.

London : JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand.

qpHE WESTMINSTER RE-

1 VIEW. — NEW SERIES. No. X,
APRIL, 1854.

Contents :

1. Results of the Census of 1851.

2. Manners and Fashion.

3. Archbishop Whately on Christianity. .

4. Criminal Legislation and Prison Disci-
pline.

5. Lord Campbell as a Writer of History.

6. Schamyl, the Prophet- Warrior or thfr
Caucasus.

7. Thomas De Quincey and his Works.

8. The Balance of Power in Europe.
Cotemporary Literature :— § 1. Theology,

Philosophy, and Politics. § 2. Science. § 3.
Classics and Philology. § 4. History, Bio-
graphy, Voyages, and Travels. § 5. Belles
Lettres. § 6. Art.

" This number is the most equal and most
readable of the New Series." — Economist.

" The Westminster Review seems to be in a
rising way. ... Of the eight articles four
are of immediate interest." — Daib/ News.

" The paper on cotemporary literature con-
clude* a volume of more than average in-
terest." — Oxford Chronicle.

" Schamyl, a paper of remarkable interest."
_ Commonwealth.

London : JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand.

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

439

london, saturday, may 13, 1854.
"shakspeare's rime which he made at the

MYTBE."

In the third volume of Mr. Collier's valuable
History of Dramatic Poetry (p. 275.) is the fol-
lowing passage, which forms part of a note :

" Mr. Thorpe, the enterprising bookseller of Bed-
ford Street, is in possession of a MS. full of songs and
poems, in the handwriting of a person of the name of
Richard Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631,
and including many unpublished pieces, by a variety
of celebrated poets. One of the most curious is a song
in five seven-line stanzas, thus headed : ' Shakspeare's
rime, which he made at the Mytre in Fleete Streete.'
It begins ' From the rich Lavinian shore;' and some
few of the lines were published by Playford, and set as
a catch."

In Mr. Thorns' Anecdotes and Traditions (pub-
lished by the Camden Society) is a story of the
celebrated Dr. John Wilson, to which the editor
has appended an interesting note, adding :

" Wilson was the composer of a glee for three voices,
published in Playford's Musical Companion, where the
words are attributed to Shakspeare ; and the supposi-
tion that they were really written by him having been
converted into a certainty, by their appearing with
Shakspeare's name to them in the MS. Collection of
Poetry, copied prior to 1631 by Richard Jackson," &c.

Mr. Thorns then prints the " rime," not inap-
propriately calling it " A Song for Autolycus,"
with this remark :

" My late respected friend Mr. Douce once told me,
that some musical friend at Chichester, I think the
organist, possessed a copy of this song, with an addi-
tional verse."

Mr. Thorns' version of " Shakspeare's Rime"
was inserted (probably by our worthy Editor him-
self?) in the first volume of " N. & Q." (p. 23.)
with a view of obtaining the additional stanza ;
a desideratum which I am now enabled to supply.
The following copy has two additional stanzas,
and is transcribed from a MS. Collection of Songs,
with the music, written in the early part of the
reign of James I. The MS. was formerly in the
possession of Mr. J. S. Smith, the learned editor
of Musica Antiqua.

i.
" From the fair Lavinian shore,
I your markets come to store ;
Marvel not, I thus far dwell,
And hither bring my wares to sell ;
Such is the sacred hunger of gold.
Then come to my pack,

While I cry,
What d'ye lack,
What d'ye buy?
For here it is to be sold.

* I have beauty, honour, grace,
Virtue, favour, time and space,
And what else thou wouldst request,
E'en the thing thou likest best ;
First, let me have but a touch of thy gold.
Then come too lad,
Thou shalt have
What thy dad
Never gave ;
For here it is to be sold,
in.
" Though thy gentry be but young,
As the flow'r that this day sprung,
And thy father thee before,
Never arms nor scutcheon bore ;
First let me have but a catch of thy gold,
Then, though thou be an ass,

By this light
Thou shalt pass
For a knight ;
For here it is to be sold.

IV.

" Thou whose obscure birth so base,
Ranks among the ignoble race,
And desireth that thy name,
Unto honour should obtain ;
First let me have but a catch of thy gold,
Then, though thou be an ass,

By this light,
Thou shalt pass
For a knight ;
For here it is to be sold.

v.
" Madam, come see what you lack ?
Here's complexion in my pack ;
White and red you may have in this place,
To hide an old ill -wrinkled face :
First, let me have but a catch of thy gold,
Then thou shalt seem,
Like a wench of fifteen,
Although you be threescore and ten years old."

That this song enjoyed extensive popularity in
the latter half of the seventeenth century, is
evinced by the number of printed copies. It is
found in Playford's Select Ayres and Dialogues,
1659 ; in Dr. Wilson's Cheerfull Ayres and Ballads,
1660; in Playford's Catch that Catch Can, 1667;
and in many subsequent collections of a similar
kind. But in none of these works is the name of
the writer of the words given ; and all the copies
are deficient of the third and fourth stanzas. The
point of the satire conveyed in these stanzas was
lost after the reign of James I., which may ac-
count for their omission.

"Shakspeare's rime," being associated with
Wilson's music, is of some importance towards
settling the point of authorship. In 1846 I
printed a little pamphlet with the following title :

" Who was Jack Wilson, the Singer of Shakspeare's
Stage? An Attempt to prove the Identity of this

440

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

Person with John Wilson, Doctor of Musick, in the
University of Oxford, a.d. 1644."

It would be out of place here to dwell upon this
publication ; suffice it to say, that all the inform-
ation I have since collected, tends to confirm the
hypothesis advanced. One extract from this
brochure will show the connexion that existed
between Shakspeare and Wilson :

" Wilson was the composer of four other Shak-
spearian lyrics, a fact unknown to Mr. Collier, when
he wrote the article in the Shakspeare Papers : * Where
the hee sucks,' ' Full fathom five,' ' Lawn as white as
driven snow,' and ' From the fair Lavinian shore.'
They are all printed in the author's Cheerfull Ayres or
Ballads, Oxford, 1660. We have now evidence from
this work, that Wilson was the original composer of
the music to one of Shakspeare's plays. He says in his
preface, ' some of these ayres were originally composed
by those whose names are affixed to them, but are here
placed as being new set by the author of the rest. The
two songs, ' Where the bee sucks,' and ' Full fathom
five,' have appended to them the name of ' R. Johnson,'
who, upon this evidence, we may undoubtedly con-
clude was the original composer of the music in the
play of the Tempest. The song • Lawn as white as
driven snow,' from the Winter's Talc, has the name of
'John Wilson' attached to it, from which it is equally
certain that he was its original composer. In my own
mind, the circumstances connected with the Shak-
spearian lyrics in this book are almost conclusive as to
the identity of John Wilson the composer with John
Wilson the singer. Unless the composer had been
intimately acquainted with the theatre of Shakspeare's
day, it is not likely that he would have remembered,
so long after, the name of one of its composers.
Nor is it likely, being so well acquainted with the
original composers of the Shakspearian drama, and so
anxious as he appears to have been to do justice to
their memory, that he would have omitted informing
us, who was the original composer of the song in the
Winter s Tale, had it been any other than himself. The
Winter s Tale was not produced before 1610 or 1611,
at which period Wilson was sixteen or seventeen years
old, an age quite ripe enough for the production of
the song in question."

A reviewer of my little publication in the
Athenceum (Nov. 8, 1846) makes the following
remark :

" Let us observe, in conclusion, that Dr. Rimbault
is better read in Jack Wilson than Ben Jonson, or we
should never have seen Mr. Shakspeare's ' Rime' at
the ' Mitre,' in Fleet Street, seriously referred to as a
genuine composition. It is a mere clumsy adaptation,
from Ben's interesting epigram ' Inviting a Friend to
Supper.' "

It is really too bad to be charged with ig-
norance unjustly. I have on my shelves the works
of glorious Ben, three times over : in folio 1616-31;
in folio, 1692 ; and in nine volumes octavo (Gif-
ford's edition), 1816; all of which I will freely
give to the " reviewer," if he can prove that one

line of " Shakspeare's Rime at the Mytre" is taken
from the aforesaid epigram. I heartily agree with
him in admiration of Jonson's spirited imitation of
Martial, which I have transcribed as a pleasant
relish towards digesting these rambling remarks :

" INVITING A FRIEND TO SUPPER.

" To-night, grave Sir, both my poor house and I
Do equally desire your company :
Not that we think us worthy such a guest,
But that your worth will dignify our feast,
With those that come ; whose grace may make that

seem
Something, which else could hope for no esteem.
It is the fair acceptance, Sir, creates
The entertainment perfect, not the cates.
Yet shall you have, to rectify your palate,
An olive, capers, or some better salad,
Ushering the mutton ; with a short-legg'd hen,
If we can get her, full of eggs, and then,
Limons, and wine for sauce : to these, a coney
Is not to be despair'd of for our money ;
And though fowl now be scarce, yet there are clerks,
The sky not falling, think we may have larks.
I'll tell you of more, and lie, so you will come :
Of partridge, pheasant, woodcock, of which some
May yet be there ; and godwit if we can ;
Knat, rail, and ruff too. Howsoe'er my man
Shall read a piece of Virgil, Tacitus,
Livy, or of some better book to us,
Of which we'll speak our minds, amidst our meat ;
And I'll profess no verses to repeat :
To this if aught appear, which I not know of,
That will the pastry, not my paper, show of.
Digestive cheese, and fruit there sure will be ;
But that which most doth take my muse and me,
Is a pure cup of rich Canary wine,
Which is the Mermaid's now, but shall be mine :
Of which had Horace or Anacreon tasted,
Their lives, as do their lines, till now had lasted.
Tobacco, nectar, or the Thespian spring,
Are all but Luther's beer, to this I sing.
Of this we will sup free, but moderately,
And we will have no Pooly', or Parrot by ;
Nor shall our cups make any guilty men :
But at our parting, we will be, as when
We innocently met. No simple word,
That shall be utter'd at our mirthful board,
Shall make us sad next morning ; or affright
The liberty, that we'll enjoy to-night."

Edward F. Rimbault.

ROUS, THE SCOTTISH PSALMIST, PROVOST OP ETON
COLLEGE : AND HIS WILL.

Looking over some back Numbers of "N.& Q.,"
I see an inquiry (Vol. v., p. 81.) after Francis Rous.
G. N. will find an account of him in Chalmerses
Biographical Dictionary, gathered out of Wood's
Athena; Noble's Memoir of Cromwell, vol. i.

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

441

p. 409. ; Ly sons' Environs of London, vol. ii. ;
Granger, vol. iii.

In his will, a copy of which lies before me,
proved Feb. 10, 1658, he speaks of "a youth in
Scotland, his grandson," and " as the heir of
idleness abhorring to give him an estate, but
wishing he might be a useful member of Christ
and the Commonwealth, he desires his executors
to give him 50/. a year so long as he shall be in
preparation towards a profession, and as many of
his books as may be fit lor him."

I shall be much obliged if any correspondent
can find out anything farther about the said
" youth in Scotland ? " H. T. Ellacombe.

Clyst St. George.

P. S.— Why should not " K & Q." be the pub-
lisher of any curious old wills, which might interest
the general reader? Allow me to suggest a corner
for Testamenta Vestusta. I will begin by sending
a copy of the will of Francis Kous.

This my last "Will and Testament, I, Francis Rous,
Provost of Eaton College, wrote and made
March 18th, 1657.

Forasmuch as to put houses in order before our
departure is pleasing to the God of order, I do
dispose of my affairs and estates in manner fol-
lowing :

There is a youth in Scotland concerning whom
(because they call him my grandson) it is per-
chance expected that I should do some great
matters for him ; but his father marrying against
my will and prohibition, and giving me an abso-
lute discharge before the marriage under his hand,
not to expect anything from me if he did marry
contrary to my prohibition, I hold myself dis-
charged from the father, and consequently from
the son of that father, the son having no interest
in me but by the father. And I hold it a good
example, for the benefitt of the Commonwealth,
that matters of discouragement should be put upon
such marriages, being assured that their parents
will not disinherit or lessen them, especially if
they have but one son, and that which Solomon
saith is to be considered — an understanding
servant shall have rule over a son that maketh
ashamed, and both that *, and his son, and his son
in Scotland have both made ashamed, the one in
his match, the other by a sad mischief of dangerous
consequence and fatal ; and though his mother is
bound to maintain him, yet because I wish he
might be a useful member of Christ and the Com-
monwealth, towards which I think she is not well
able to give him an answerable education, I have
in this my will taken course for a competent

* This appears to be an error.

maintenance for him towards a profession, and in
it utterly abhorring to give him an estate, as the
heir of idleness. Wherefore to the fore-mentioned
purpose, I desire my executor to give him 50/. a
year, so long as he shall be in preparation towards
a profession, or shall really and seriously be in
the practice of it ; and as many of my books as
may be fitt for him in the profession he shall un-
dertake, and shall not be given to Pembroke
College, I desire my executor to give unto him :
but if he, or a guardian, or any other, shall sue or
implead, or call my executor into question to his
trouble or cost, I leave it to my executor's choice
whether he will pay his maintenance of 50/. per
annum, or any part of it.

I give to Mr. Ellford, my pastor at Acton, 20?.
I give 51. per annum for ever to be disposed of
in buying Bibles, catechisms, or for encouraging
poor children to learn to read and answer in
catechising in the parish of Dittisham, in the
county of Devon, the place of my nativity and
baptism, which sum shall be bestowed according
to the direction of the minister there for the time
being ; and to the present minister I give 20/. I
give to the poor of Acton each five shillings ; I
give to the poor of Westminster, Kensington,
Knightsbridge, half a year's rent of that which
they used to receive. I give Mr. Bartlett of
Windsor 20/. I appoint 100/. to be lent to my
nephew William Rous, which he must pay by 10/.
a year to my nephew Richard Rous, his son. I
give Thomas Rous, of King's College, 6/. for two
years. I give Eliz. Rous, of Penrose in Cornwall,
20/. I give Anthony Rous at Eaton School, 51. a
year for seven years. I give to my niece Rud-
yard, and her sisters Skelton and Dorothy, each
20/. I give to Margaret Baker 10/. I give to a
poor Xtian woman in Dartmouth, Mrs. Adams,
10/. To Robert Needier I give a black suit and
cloak; the like to William Grantham and 10/.
To my niece Portman, now in my house, I give
50/. To my other friends of more ability, I leave
it to my executor to give such memorials as he
shall think fitt. To the poor of Eaton I give 20/.
To each of my servants that are with me at my
decease I give black suits and 51. ; and to Peter
Fluellen, who is now endeavouring to get a place
of removal, 10/. I give to Thomas Rolle of
Eaton, and Robert Yard, each 10/. I give to
Christian, now the wife of Mr. Johnson, 20/. I
give to the young Winnington of Eaton, 10/. I
give 40/. per annum out of the Parsonage or
Tythe of Great Brookeham in Surry, to maintain
two schollars in Pembroke College in Oxford. I
also give 20/. per annum unto one schollar more
in the same college, out of a tenement in the
Manor of Wootton in Cornwall, during two lives
of two Bigfords, and after their decease out of a
tenement of mine in Cowkberry, in Devon, for
ever. The schollars to be chosen are to be poor,

442

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

not having 10/. a year, apt to learning, and to be
of the posterity of myself or my brother Robert,
Richard, or Arthur Rous, or of my sister Nicholl,
or my sister Upton ; and if no such shall be ten-
dered, then they are to be chosen out of the two
highest forms in Eaton College. I give power to
my executor to choose them during his life, and
desire him, with the advice of my dear kinsman,
Mr. Ambrose Upton, Prebend of Xt Church in
Oxford, to settle and order all things for the sure
and usefull continuance of their allowances to
schollars so qualified as before and of good con-
versation, and that they study divinity, and some
time before they be Batchelors of Arts, they make
good proof of their studying divinity, and that
they continued in their several places but seven
years, and then others to be chosen in their
rooms. What shall be above 40/. per annum
arising out of the tythe of Brookham declaro, and
above all rates and taxes, I give unto the minister
of that parish ; and I give the parsonage to my
respected kinsman Samuel Rous, Esq., of that
parish, yet so, that if he die before my executor,
my executor shall present during his life, and
after it shall go to the heirs of the said Samuel
Rous, it being to be hoped that their dwelling be
there they will be carefull for their own souls? I
do make and constitute my dear kinsman Anthony
Rous, Esq., of Wootton, in the county of Cornwall,
commonly called or known by the name of Colonel
Rous, to be my whole and sole executor. And I
give and bequeath to him all my lands, tenements,
my interest in the parsonage of Great Brookham
m Surrey, all my leases, chattels, plate, money,
and other goods whatsoever, as also my copyholds,
which shall, according to custom, be made over to
him in Acton or Branford, hoping that he will
faithfully dispose them according to my will and
intention made known to him ; and I give him
100/., and lend him 200/. more for seven years,
which he may bestow in defence of himself as to
law suits, if any be brought as concerning my
estate, or if there shall be none to bestow, in°some
charitable use as he shall think fitfc. I desire my
body may be interred and put to rest in the
chappie of Eaton College, a place that hath my
dear affections and prayers that it may be a
flourishing nursery of piety and learning to the
end of the world. And for a profession of my
faith, I refer myself to the works which I not long
since published in one volume, wherein I have
professed a right and saving faith, and hope to
continue therein until faith shall be swallowed up
of sight, laying hold of the free grace of God in
his beloved Son as my only title to eternity,
being confident that his free grace, which took
me up lying in the blood of irregeneration, will
wash away the guilt of that estate, and all the
cursed fruits of it by the pretious blood of his
Son, and will wash away the filth of it by the

spirit of his Son, and so present me faultless
before the presence of God's glory with joy.

(Signed) Francis Rous.

The Right Honorable Francis Rous, Esq., ac-
knowledged this to be his last will and testament,
the 12th day of April, 1 658 *, in the presence of
me, Abel Borsett, endorsed, upon a paper wherein
the original will was folded and sealed up, thus,
viz., " My last will, attested by Mr. Humphreys
and Mr. Borsett."

This will was proved at London the 10th day
of February, in the year of our Lord God 1658,
before the judges for probate of wills and granting
administrations lawfully authorised, by the oath
of Coilonell Anthony Rouse, Esq., the sole and
only executor named in the said will, to whom
administration of all and singular the goods,
chattels, and debts of the said deceased was
granted and committed.

ORIGINAL ENGLISH ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND
MASTERS OF MALTA.

(Concluded from Vol. ix., p. 419.)
No. XI.

Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender
of the Faith, &c.

To the most illustrious and most high Prince,
the Lord Nicholas Cotoner, Grand Master of the'
Order of Malta, our well-beloved cousin and
friend — Greeting :

It having appeared to us a matter of interest,
not only to ourselves, but likewise to the whole
Christian world, that we also should keep in the
Mediterranean sea a certain number of galleys
ready to afford prompt aid to our neighbours and
allies against the frequent insults of the barbarians
and Turks, we lately caused to be constructed two
galleys, one in Genoa, and the other in the port of
Leghorn; in order to man these, we directed a
person well acquainted with such affairs to be sent,
as to other parts, so also to the island of Malta,
subject to the rule of your highness, in order to
buy slaves and procure other necessaries. He having
purchased some slaves, it has been reported to us
that your highness' collector of customs demanded
five pieces of gold of Malta money per head before
they could be permitted to embark, under the
title of toll ; at which proceeding we were certainly
not a little astonished, it appearing to us a new
proceeding, and one contrary to custom, especially
it being Avell known to us that our neighbours and
allies, the Kings of France and Spain, are never
accustomed to pay anything under the title of toll

* It should doubtless be 1657.

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

443

for the slaves which they cause yearly to be trans-
ported from your island.

We therefore beg your highness, by the good
and long friendship existing between us, to grant
to us the same privilege in regard to this hind of
commerce within the territories of your highness,
as is enjoyed by both our said neighbours and allies,
which although it ought to be conceded to us simply
on account of our mutual friendship and our affec-
tion towards your highness and the illustrious
Order of Malta, still we shall receive so gratefully,
that if at any time we can do anything to please
your highness, we shall be always ready to do it,
with all attention, and most willingly.

In the meantime we heartily recommend your
highness and all the members of the illustrious
Order of Malta, as well as all your affairs, to the
Divine keeping.

Given from our palace of Westminster on the
12th day of February, in the year of our Lord
1673, and of our reign the 25th.

Your Highness' good Cousin and Friend,
Chari.es Rex.
No. XII.
Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great

Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of

the Faith, &c.

To the most eminent Prince, the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our well-beloved cousin and friend — Greeting :

Most eminent Prince, our well-beloved cousin
and friend.

The military order over which your eminence
most worthily presides, having always used its
power to render the navigation of the sea safe and
peaceable for Christians, we in no way doubt that
our ships of war, armed for the same purpose, will
receive from your eminence every office of friend-
ship. We therefore are desirous of signifying to
your eminence by these our letters that we have
sent a squadron of our royal fleet to the Medi-
terranean sea under the command of Sir John
Narbrough, knight, to look after the safety of
navigation and commerce, and to oppose the
enemies of public tranquillity. We therefore
amicably beseech your eminence that if ever the
above-named Admiral Narbrough, or any of our
ships cruising under his flag, should arrive at any
of your eminence's ports or stations, or in any
place subject to the Order of Malta, that they
may be considered and treated as friends and allies,
and that they may be permitted to purchase with
their money, and at just prices, and to export pro-
visions and munitions of war, and whatever they
may require, which, on similar occasions, we will
abundantly reciprocate to your eminence and to
your most noble Order.

In the mean time we heartily recommend your
eminence to the safeguard of the Most High and
Most Good God.

Given from our palace of Whitehall the last
day of November, 1574.

Your Highness' Cousin and Friend,

Charles Rex.

No. XIII.

Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great

Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender

of the Faith, &c.

To the most eminent Prince the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our well-beloved cousin and friend.

Most eminent Prince, our cousin and well-
beloved friend — Greeting:

Although we in no way doubt of the sincere
readiness of your eminence and of your holy Order
of Malta to do everything which might be known
to be expedient for our interests, still we could
not read your eminence's letters under date of
24th March last, in which such readiness is fully
set forth, without the greatest pleasure. Our affec-
tion is sharpened and excited by the mention of
the good will of our predecessors, the Kings of
Great Britain, evinced in every age towards your
most illustrious Order, which, as your eminence
in your said letters so honourably commemorates,
so will we studiously endeavour to imitate, and
even to surpass. From our admiral, Sir John
Narbrough, knight, and also from other parties,
we have heard with how much benignity your
eminence lately received him, and caused him and
the other officers of our fleet to be supplied with
what was requisite for our ships of war, which we
consider not less worthy of the piety and valour
of your Order than of our friendship ; and we on
our part, on opportunity presenting itself, will be
careful to abundantly reciprocate by every kind of
good offices.

It remains to recommend your eminence and
the whole of your holy Order militant to the safe-
guard of the God of Hosts.

Given from our palace of Whitehall the 19th
day of May, 1675.

Your Eminence's good Cousin and Friend,
Charles Rex.

No. XIV.
Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great

Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender

of the Faith, &c.

To the most eminent Prince the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our well-beloved cousin and friend — Greeting:

Most eminent Prince, our well-beloved cousin
and friend.

We know not how it came to pass that our
admiral in the Mediterranean sea, Sir John Nar-
brough, knight, should have given such cause of
complaint as mentioned in your eminence's letters
addressed to us under date of the 5th of April, as
to have refused to give the usual salute to the city

444

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 23'

of Malta, unless, perhaps, he had thought some-
thing had been omitted on the part of the Maltese
which he considered due to our dignity, and to the
flag of our royal fleet. Be it, however, as it may,
your eminence may be persuaded that it is our
fixed and established intention to do and perform
everything both ourselves and by our officers
amply to show how much we esteem the sacred
person of your eminence and the Order of Malta.

In order, therefore, that it should already ap-
pear that we do not wish greater honour to be
paid to any prince than to your eminence and
to your celebrated Order, we have directed our
above-mentioned admiral to accord all the same
signs of friendship and good will towards your
eminence's ports and citadels as towards those
of the most Christian and catholic kings ; and
we no way doubt your Order will equally show
that benevolence towards us which it is customary
to show to the above-mentioned kings, or to either
of them.

It only remains to us to heartily recommend
your eminence and all your military Order to the
safeguard of the Most High and Most Good God.

Given from our palace of Whitehall on the 21st
day of June, 1675.

Your Eminence's good Cousin and Friend,
Charles Rex.
No. XV.

Charles the Second by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender
of the Faith, &c.

To the most eminent prince the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our well-beloved cousin and friend — Greeting :

Most eminent Prince, our well-beloved cousin
and friend.

Not only by the letters of Sir John Narbrough,
knight, whom we appointed in right and power to
be the admiral of our fleet in the Mediterranean
sea, but also from other sources, we have heard
how benignantly your eminence, both by command j
and example, and all the sacred Order of Malta, j
have treated him and the other commanders of
our ships, so much so that they could not have
been better at home, and in our dockyards, than
in your port of Malta. This is, indeed, a sign of
great friendship, and the more so that our king-
doms and seas are so far distant from the usual
navigation of the sacred Order of Malta, that few
occasions could be expected to offer themselves to
us of reciprocating the friendship of your eminence.
Some other mode, therefore, must be sought by
which we may testify our gratitude and affection
towards your eminence and the other members of
your most sacred Order, to do which we shall
willingly embrace and studiously search after
every opportunity which may offer.

In the mean time we heartily recommend your

eminence and all your military Order to the safe-
guard of the Most High and Most Good God.

Given from our palace of Whitehall the 26th
day of January, 1675-6.

Your Eminence's good Cousin and Friend,
Charles Hex.
No. XVI.
Charles _the Second by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of
the Faith, &c.

To the most eminent Prince the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our well-beloved cousin and friend.

Most eminent Prince, our most dear cousin and
friend.

Our well-beloved and faithful Sir John Nar-
brough, knight, latterly admiral of our fleet in the
Mediterranean sea, conveyed to us your eminence's
letters written under date of the 7th of April last,
which being most full indeed of affection and
gratitude on your part, we received and perused
with equal feelings and satisfaction. The acknow-
ledgments of benefits conferred by us, which your
eminence so frequently expresses, causes us also
to return similar thanks to your eminence and to
the whole of your sacred Order, for all those offices
of humanity and courtesy with which you assisted
our above-mentioned admiral and other our ships
stationed in that sea, of which we shall always pre-
serve the memory indelibly engraved in our hearts.
It is equally a source of pleasure to us that our
arms have been of help to your eminence and to
your Order; and if the expedition had been of no
other benefit, we consider it ample compensation
in having restored to their homes so many persons
celebrated through the whole Christian and Infidel
world who were recovered from the power and
chains of the barbarians.

May your eminence continue to desire that we
should freely divide the glory of rendering peace-
ful the Mediterranean sea with the illustrious
Order of Malta !

May the Most Good and Great God sustain and
preserve your eminence with all your religious
Order !

Given from our palace of Whitehall the 28th
day of October, 1676.

Your Eminence's good Cousin and Friend,
Charles Rex.
No. XVII.
Charlesthe Second by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of
the Faith, &c.

To the most eminent Prince the Lord Nicholas
Cotoner, Grand Master of the Order of Malta,
our well-beloved cousin and friend — Greeting:

Most eminent Prince, our well-beloved cousin
and friend.

The thanks which your eminence, by your

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

445

letters written under date of the loth of August
last, returns to us on account of the fifty knights
of your Order liberated by our assistance from the
slavery of the barbarians, could hardly be more
acceptable to us than the prayers adjoined in the
above-mentioned letters for the liberation from
the slavery of the Algerines of another member
of your holy Order, the German, John Robert
A. Stael. We in consequence, in order that we
may not appear to be wanting either in the will
or in affection towards your eminence, have com-
municated our orders to our well-beloved and
faithful subject, Sir John Narbrough, knight,
commanding our fleet in those seas, that if the
city of Algiers should be constrained to agree to a
treaty of just peace and submission by the force of
our arms, assisted by Divine help, he should use
every effort in his power, so that the liberty of the
said John Robert A. Stael be obtained.

Your eminence is already well aware of the
fidelity and zeal of our above-mentioned admiral,
.and we have no doubt that he will willingly and
strenuously observe our orders on that head.

It remains for us to heartily recommend your
eminence and the whole of your military Order to
the safeguard of the Most High and Most Good
God.

Given from our palace of Whitehall the 2nd
day of November, in the year of our Lord 1678.
Your Eminence's good Cousin and Friend,
Chakles Rex.
William Wintheop.

La Valetta, Malta.

DISEASE AMONG CATTLE.

For some years past, a great many cattle have
died from a disease of the lungs, for which I be-
lieve no effectual antidote has been discovered.
This fact having been mentioned to a German in
London, who had formerly been a Rossarzt or
veterinary surgeon in the Prussian army, he stated
that he had known a similar disease to prevail in
Germany ; and that by administering a decoction
of Erica communis (Common Heath), mixed with
tar, the progress of the disease had in many in-
stances been arrested.

In order, therefore, that the British farmer may
obtain the benefit of this gentleman's experience,
and that he may receive all manner of justice, I
beg leave to send you a literal copy of the recipe
which he was kind enough to give pro bono publico.

" REMEDY AGAINST THE PRESENT DISEASE AMONG CATTLE.

" Taken Erika communis, and boiled it into water
of such quantity, that the water after boiling coloured
like beer ; generally of a pinte of water \ — | lb. Erika
communis, and boiling 5 to 6 hours. After it is be
done, filled the fluide trough a seive in ather boiler,

and mixed the same with ^ part of common tear. In
order to make a good composition from it, you must
boiling the tear and the fluide to a second time of
2 — 3 hour's and much storret. After then the medecin
is to by ready.

" Everry cattle sicke or well must you giving of
three times to day, everry time one pot from the said
mixture, which you have befor keapet a little warm
but not to much heat. Keepet werry much from the
fluide of Erika communis not mixed with tear, and
give to drinke the cattle a much as possible. Everry
cattle liked to drinke such fluide.

" Becom's the tongue stick, black pumpels, or be-
com's the mouth and palatt red and sort, washe it
out with a softe brush deyed in a mixture as follow
described : One part of bony, 3 parts of vinaigre,
3 parts of water, and one half part of burned and
grinded allumn.

" Becom's the cattle in the legs, generally in the
klawes, washed the sores with cold water, that you
mixed 1 once white vitriol, and 1 once burned allumn
of a pint of water, 3 — 4 times to day, and keepet the
cattle everry time day's and night's in the open air of
meadows or lots. Everry cattle become's in the first
time that it is driven out the stables to the green feed-
ing of meadow's, &c. a little sickness, generally a
little diarrhae, and this is a remedy against the disease
as before stated.

" If you continnuit with the firste remedy, you
should findet that the cattle becom's a verry slight
influence of the said disease."

Thos. Nimmo.

I. In Roscoe's edition of Pope, vol. iv. p. 465.,
is this epitaph :

" Well then, poor G lies underground,

So there's an end of honest Jack :
So little justice here he found,

'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back."

This must have been running in Goldsmith's head
when he wrote :

" Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed,
Who long was a bookseller's hack :
He led such a damnable life in this world,
I don't think he'll wish to come back."

II. Epigram on the feuds between Handel and
Bononcini :

" Strange ! all this difference should be,
'Twixt Tweedle-DUM and Tweedle-DEK ! **

The various editors print only these two lines.
Where have I seen it printed as follows, in tis
lines ; and whence came the other four ? *

[* These lines are quoted in the fourth edition of the
Ency. Britan., art. Bononcini, and are said to have been
written by Swift. Only the last two lines, however, are
given in Scott's edition of his Works. — Ed.]

446

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

" Some say, that Signior Bononcini
Compared to Handel's a mere ninny ;
Others aver, that to him Handel
Is scarcely fit to hold a candle :
Strange that," &c.

in. In "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 245., the following
passage occurs :

" In the Imitation of the Second Satire, Book I. of
Horace, only to be found in modern editions, there is an

allusion to 'poor E s,' who suffered by 'the fatal

steel' for an intrigue with a Royal Mistress."

Query, in ichat modern editions is this imitation
found ? I have searched most of them (including
the last, and by no means the worst, by Mr.
Robert Carruthers) in vain.

IV. It has alvvay seemed to me desirable that
a perfect edition of an author like Pope, whose
pages teem with proper names frequently re-
peated, and personal allusions, should be furnished
with an Index nominum propriorum, which would
enable the reader to refer in a moment to the
exact whereabouts of the line wanted. I once
took the trouble to make such an Index to Pope
for my own use, and add one word of it as a
specimen :

Granville's moving lays - - Past. i. 46

Granville commands, &c. - Wind. For. 5

Granville could refuse to sing,

what Muse for - „ 6

Granville sings, or is it - - „ 282

Granville of a former age, Sur-
rey the ... - „ 292

Granville's verse recite, the

thoughts of God let - „ 425

Granville's Myra die, till - Epist. toJervas 76

Granville the polite - - Prol. to Sat. 135

Is this a hint worthy the notice of Mr. Croker,
Mr. P. Cunningham, or Mr. John Murray, whose
joint labours promise us a new edition of Pope ?

V. Roscoe and Croly give four poems on Gul-
livers Travels. Why does Mr. Carruthers leave
out the third ? His edition appears to contain
(besides many additions) all that all previous edi-
tors have admitted, with the exception of this
third Gulliver poem, the sixteen additional verses
to Mrs. Blount on leaving town, the verses to Dr.
Bolton, and a fragment of eight lines (perhaps by
Congreve) ; which last three are to be found in
Warton's edition. Harry Leroy Temple.

Garrick Club.

HAMPSHIRE FOLK LORE.

Churching. — A woman in this village, when
going to church for the first time after the birth
of her child, keeps to the same side of the road,
and no persuasions or threats would induce her to
cross it. She wears also upon that occasion a pair
of new boots or shoes, so that the mothers of large

families patronise greatly the disciples of St.
Crispin. I should much like to know if this two-
fold superstition is prevalent, and how it first
originated.

Bees. — There is not one peasant I believe in
this village, man or woman, who would sell you a
swarm of bees. To be guilty of selling bees is a
grievous omen indeed, than which nothing can be
more dreadful. To barter bees is quite a different
matter. If you want a hive, you may easily ob-
tain it in lieu of a small pig, or some other equiva-
lent. There may seem little difference in the eyes
of enlightened persons between selling and bar-
tering, but the superstitious beekeeper sees a
grand distinction, and it is not his fault if you
don't see it too.

When a hive swarms, it is customary to take
the shovel from the grate, and the key from the
door, and to produce therewith a species of music
which is supposed to captivate and soothe the
winged tribe. If the bees do not settle on any
neighbouring tree where they may have the full
benefit of the inharmonious music, they are ge-
nerally assailed with stones. This is a strange
sort of proceeding, but it is orthodox, and there is
nothing the villagers despise more than modern
innovations of whatever kind.

Charming. — As regards charming, the wife of
the village innkeeper who preceded the present
one (she now rests in the churchyard), used to
whisper away burns. Her form of words, if she
had any, is unknown. The mind has great in-
fluence upon the body, and the doctor knows it, or
he would not give his nervous lady patients so
many boxes of bread pills, and sleeping draughts
in the shape of vials filled with savoury rum-
punch. Doubtless this good woman cured her
patients by acting on their imaginations. If the
agency of imagination is an incorrect supposition,
I see but one way of accounting for the curative
powers of whispering, namely, by means of animal
magnetism. I trust your medical readers do not
question the curative powers of animal magnetism
in certain cases ; if they do, I would recommend
them to read a work entitled Human Magnetism,
its Claim to Dispassionate Inquiry, by W. Newn-
ham, Esq., M.R. S.L. It is published by John
Churchill, Princes Street, Soho.

Eustace W. Jacob.

Crawley.

THE MOST CURIOUS BOOK IN THE WORLD.

The following account of this truly wonderful
specimen of human patience and skill is from a
rough copy that I took some years ago. I regret
that I cannot give any reference, as I made no
note of my authority, which has now escaped my

Mat 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

447

recollection. But that is of little consequence, as
the book is well known to bibliographists.

Perhaps the most singular bibliographic curi-
osity is that which belonged to the family of the
Prince de Ligne, and is now in France. It is
entitled Liber Passionis Domini nostri Jesu Christi,
cum Characteribus nulla materia compositis. This
book is neither written nor printed ! The whole
letters of the text are cut out of each folio upon
the finest vellum ; and being interleaved with
blue paper, is read as easily as the best print.
The labour and patience bestowed in its comple-
tion must have been excessive, especially when
the precision and minuteness of the letters are
considered. The general execution, in every re-
spect, is indeed admirable ; and the vellum is of
the most delicate and costly kind. Rodolphus II.
of Germany offered for it, in 1640, 11,000 ducats,
which was probably equal to 60,000 at this day.
The most remarkable circumstance connected with
this literary treasure is, that it bears the royal
arms of England ; but it cannot be traced to have
ever been in this country.

I now offer this notice, in the hope that the
readers of " N. & Q." may supply farther par-
ticulars ; such as the time of its commencement
or completion, and also whether it is still in
France. With respect to the arms of England,
which yet present a puzzle to all antiquaries, I
beg to submit a conjecture. I think it was in-
tended as a present to our Henry VIII., when he
was in such high favour at Rome, for his Defence
of the Seven Sacraments, that Leo X. conferred
on him the title of " Fidei Defensor," and which
all our sovereigns have subsequently retained.
But when he threw off* the Papal authority, de-
clared himself supreme head of the Church, and
proceeded to confiscate its property, the intention
of presentation was abandoned. This is at least
plausible, as I do not mean that it was originally
designed for a present to " bluff Harry," because
it was produced before he was born. But the
arms were a work for any time ; and I think they
were executed just before his rupture with the
Pope was known. To pay him a compliment
afterwards from any part of Catholic Europe was,
of course, out of the question. C. B. A.

M max $Dtr3.
Baptism, Marriage, and Crowning of Geo. III. —

■ Died at his palace at Lambeth, aged seventy-five,
the Most Reverend Thomas Seeker, LL.D, Lord
Archbishop of Canterbury. His Grace was many
years Prebendary of Durham, seventeen years Rector of
St. James', Westminster, consecrated Bishop of Bristol
in 1734, and in 1737 was translated to the See of
Oxford. In 1750 he resigned the Rectory of St.
James, on his succeeding Bishop Butler in the Deanery

of St. Paul's ; and on the death of Archbishop Hutton
in 1758, was immediately nominated to the metropo-
litan see, and confirmed at Bow Church, on the 20th
of April in that year, Archbishop of Canterbury. His
Grace was Rector of St. James's when our present
sovereign was born at Norfolk House, and had the
honour to haptize, to marry, and crown his majesty
and his royal consort, and to baptize several of their
majesties' children." — From Pennsylvania Chronicle,
Oct. 3, 1768.

M. R. F.

Pennsylvania.

Copernicus. — The inscription on the tomb of
the celebrated Copernicus, in the cathedral church
at Thorn, in Prussian Poland, supposed to have
been written by himself, deserves a place in
" N. & Q."

" Non parem Pauli gratiam requiro,
Veniam Petri neque posco ; sed quam
In crucis ligno daderat Latroni
Sedulus oro."

FlTZROT.

First Instance of Bribery amongst Members of
Parliament. — The following extract from Parry's
Parliaments and Councils of England, deserves, I
think, a corner in " N. & Q.," especially at the
present day :

"1571, A.R. 13, May 10. — Thomas Long, 'a
very simple man and unfit ' to serve, is questioned how
he came to be elected. He confesses that he gave the
Mayor of Westbury and another four pounds for his
place in parliament. They are ordered to repay this
sum, to appear to answer such things as should be ob-
jected against them in that house, and a fine of twenty
pounds is to be assessed on the corporation and in-
habitants of Westbury, for their scandalous attempt."

Abhba.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan. — In the " Life of
Sheridan," by G. G. S., prefixed to his Dramatic
Works, published by Bohn in 1848, is the follow-
ing passage (p. 90.) :

" At the age of twenty-nine he had achieved a
brilliant reputation, had gained an immense property,
and was apparently master of large resources."

And in an essay lately published, entitled Richard
Brinsley Sheridan, by George Gilfillan, is this
statement :

* Young Sheridan had no patrimony, not a shilling,
indeed, all his life that he could call his own."

Which of these two contradictory accounts is
true?

In the Life by G. G. S. are two glaring slips of
the pen or of the press ; at p. 8. it is said that
Sheridan was born in the year 1771 (1751 ?), and
at p. 44. that The Duenna was brought out on the
21st of November, 1755 (1775 ?)»

William Duane.

Philadelphia.

448

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

Publican's Invitation. — Amongst various other
ingenious contrivances adopted by the proprietors
of the rosoglio houses (anglice, dram-shops) in
Valetta, to attract the custom and patronage of
the gallant red-jackets that swarm in our streets
at this time, one individual has put forth and dis-
tributed among the soldiers the following puzzle,
which I send for the amusement of your readers.
A very little study will suffice to master the
mysterious document.

" THE PUBLICAN'S INVITATION.

Here's to Pand's Pen. DASOCI.
Alhou Rinha? R. M. (Les Smirt)
Ha ! N. D. F. Unlet fri. Ends.
HIPRE! ign. Beju ! Standk.
Indan ! Devil's Peako ! F. N.
(One.)"

John o' the Ford.
Malta.

Bishop Burnet again! — The following anec-
dote occurs in Mrs. Thistlethwaite's Memoirs and
Correspondence of Dr. Henry Bathurst, Lord
Bishop of Norwich, p. 7. :

" I have heard my father mention the following
anecdote of my grandfather, Benjamin Bathurst, Esq.,
and the Duke of Gloucester (Queen Anne's son),
during their boyhood. My grandfather and the Duke
were playfellows ; and the Duke's tutor was Dr. Bur-
net. One day, when the Doctor went out of the room,
the Duke having as usual courted him, and treated
him with obsequious civility, young Bathurst expressed
his surprise that his Royal Highness should treat a
person, whom he disliked as much as he did the
Doctor, with so much courtesy and kindness. The
Duke replied, ' Do you think I have been so long a
pupil of Dr. Burnet's without learning to be a hypo-
crite?' "

J. Y.

Old Custom preserved in Warwichshire. — There
is a large stone a few miles from Dunchurch, in
Warwickshire, called " The Knightlow Cross."
Several of Lord John Scott's tenants hold from
him on the condition of laying their rent before
daybreak on Martinmas Day on this stone : if they
fail to do so, they forfeit to him as many pounds
as they owe pence, or as many white bulls with
red tips to their ears and a red tip to their tail as
they owe pence, whichever he chooses to demand.
This custom is still kept up, and there is always
hard riding to reach the stone before the sun rises
on Martinmas Day ? L. M. M. R.

English Diplomacy v. Russian. — A friend of
Sir Henry "VVotton's being designed for the em-
ployment of an ambassador, came to Eton, and
requested from him some experimental rules for
his prudent and safe carriage in his negotiations ;
to whom he smilingly gave this for an infallible
aphorism, — that, to be in safety himself, and ser-
viceable to his country, he should always, and

upon all occasions, speak the truth (it seems a
state paradox). " For," says Sir Henry Wotton,
uyou shall never he believed; and by this means
your truth will secure yourself, if you shall ever
be called to any account ; and 'twill also put your
adversaries (who will still hunt counter) to a loss
in all their disquisitions and undertakings." (Re-
liquice Wotloniance.) Alpha.

toutxiti.

ANCIENT TENURE OF LANDS.

(Vol. ix., pp. 173. 309.)

The following paragraphs, containing both Notes
and Queries, will doubtless interest your readers.

At the last Kent assizes held at Maidstone (March,
1854) a case was tried by a special jury, of whom
the writer was one, before Mr. Baron Parke;
plaintiffs, " the Earl of Romney and others," trus-
tees under an act of parliament to pay the debts
of the borough of Queenborough, county Kent ;
defendants, " the Inclosure Commissioners of
England and Wales." Tradition relates that
Edward III. was so pleased with his construction
of the Castle of Queenborough, that he compli-
mented his consort by not only building a town,
but creating a borough*, which he named after
her honour.f The case, in various shapes, has
been before the law courts for some time, and was
sent to these Kent assizes to ascertain whether
Queenborough was either a manor or a reputed
manor. In the course of the trial Baron Parke
said, that, in despite of the statute Quia Emptores,
he should rule that manors could be created when
they contained the essentials.

My first Query is, therefore, Have any manors
been created in England since the passing of that
statute ? In my History of Deptford I have
alluded to the manor of Hatcham as one of the
last manors I supposed to have been created.

The Inclosure Commissioners, as the defendants,
had been prayed by the Leeze-holders J of Queen-

* Parliamentary History, 1765. — On Wednesday,
Dec. 6, 1654, an attempt was made to disfranchise
Queenborough : the then member, Mr. Garland, sud-
denly and jocularly moved the Speaker that we give not
any legacies before the Speaker was dead. This pleasant
conceit so took with the House, as, for that time, Queen-
borough was reprieved, but was voted for the future
to be dismembered, and to be added to the county. —
Ap. Burton i. cxi. Archaeological Mine, i. 12. Queen-
borough was one of the victims included in Schedule
A of the act of parliament known as " The Reform
Bill."

f In our own day Cove has been called Queenstown
in honour of Queen Victoria.

| Leeze-holders, a right of turning on the common
or Leeze ( Celtic, Leswes) twenty-four sheep, which of

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

449

borough to inclose sundry lands called Queen-
borough Common ; such inclosure was opposed by
the trustees, who claimed under the act of par-
liament which constituted their existence to be in
the position of the mayor*, &c, and thus, if they
were the lords of the manor, to have a veto upon
the inclosure of the waste. The plaintiffs relied
very much upon the following fact, which I here
embalm as a note, and append thereon a query : —
During the mayoralty of Mr. Greet f, a gentleman
who died in 1829, a turbot was caught by a
dredger on the Queenborough oyster-grounds :
this unlucky fish was immediately pounced upon
by the Queenborough officials, and seized for the
mayor's behoof as his perquisite, a la sturgeon.

Query, a like instance ?

The jury, after two days' long sitting, decided
that Queenborough was neither a manor nor a
reputed manor. A. J. Dunkin.

Dartford.

OWEN ROWE THE REGICIDE.

Mark Noble, in his Lives of the Regicides,
says that Owen Rowe was descended from Sir
Thomas Rowe, Lord Mayor of London in 1568.
In the Additional Manuscripts (British Museum),
6337. p. 52., is a coat in trick : Argent, on a
chevron azure, three bezants between three
trefoils per pale gules and vert, a martlet sable

late years, by a bye-law, has been arranged to substi-
tute either two liorses or three bullocks. A Leeze is sup-
posed to contain about seven acres of land of herbage.
The common consists of about 240 acres, including
roads.

* See Hogarth's Visit, &c. to Queenborough. A
hearty laugh will repay the trouble. The mayor was
then a thatcher : the room remains as it did in
Hogarth's day ; and as Queenborough was then, so
it is now, one long street without any trade.

■J- Of Mr. Greet's mayoralty many humorous tales
are told : he was at times popular, but towards the
close of his reign most decidedly the reverse. At his
funeral the dredgers, &c. threw halfpence into his
grave to pay his passage to the lower regions. He,
one day, ex officio, sentenced a pilferer to a flogging
at the cart's tail, and as executioners did not volun-
teer, he took off his coat, and himself applied the cat
to the bare back of the culprit from one end of the
street to the other. Mr. Greet was one of the best
friends Queenborough ever had. After his death
it plunged deeply into debt, had its paraphernalia
and books seized and sold by the sheriff, and now all
its property is in the hands of trustees to pay its debts,
whilst its poor-rates are, a witness, a late mayor said,
nine shillings in the pound. The debt was originally
12,700/.; but as no interest has been paid thereon, it is
now 17,000/. The trustees have received about 4,000/.,
but this sum has been melted in subsequent litigation ;
for Queenborough men are mightily fond of supporting
the law courts.

for difference; crest, a roe's head couped gules,
attired or, rising from a wreath ; and beneath is
written, " Coll. Row, Coll. of hors and futt."
These arms I imagine to have been the regicide's.
If so, he was a fourth son. Query, whose ? The
Hackney Parish Register records, that on Nov. 6,
1655, Captain Henry Rowe was buried from Mr.
Simon Corbet's, of Mare Street, Hackney. How
was he related to Colonel Owen Rowe ? I should
feel particularly obliged to any correspondent who
could furnish me with his descent from Sir Thos.
Rowe.

According to Mr. Lysons (Environs of London,
vol. iv. p. 540.), the daughter of Mr. Rowland
Wilson, and widow of Dr. Crisp, married Colonel
Rowe ; adding in a note, that he supposes this
Colonel Rowe to have been Colonel Owen Rowe,
the regicide. The same statement is found in
Hasted's History of Kent (edit. 1778), vol. i. p. 181.
I should be glad of some more certain information
on this point ; also, what issue Owen Rowe left,
if any, besides two daughters, whose marriages
are recorded in the Hackney Register.

I am likewise anxious to learn whether there
exist any lineal descendants of this family of Rowe,
which had its origin in Kent ; and thence branch-
ing off in the sixteenth century, settled and ob-
tained large possessions in Shacklewell, Waltham-
stow, Low Layton, Higham Hill, and Muswell
Hill. Through females, several of our nobility
are descended from them. Tee Bee.

WHITINGS OF THE MARTYR BRADFORD.

The second and concluding volume of Brad-
ford's writings, which I am editing for the Parker
Society, is about to be concluded.

Bradford's Treatise against the Fear of Death,
with Sweet Meditations on the Felicity of the Life
to Come and the Kingdom of Christ, was printed
by Powell without a date, by Singleton without a
date, and by Wolf 1583, — the last two editions
being mentioned by Herbert, the first of Powell
by Dibdin from Herbert's MS. additions. If any
of your readers could inform me where a copy of
any one of these editions is to be found, it would
greatly oblige.

I have also never met, after some years' inquiry,
with the edition of Bradford's Letter on the Mass,
printed by Waldegrave, Edinburgh.

Some of the early editions of Bradford's writ-
ings are very rare. I possess his Examinations,
Griffith, 1561 ; and Meditations, Hall, 1562 ; both
of which are scarce : as also the only copy I have
ever seen (though imperfect) of the first edition of
his Sermon on Repentance, evidently printed in
1553.

His Complaint of Verity is of extraordinary
rarity. The only copy I am aware of is possessed

450

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

by the Rev. T. Corser, of Stand, Manchester ; and
was purchased (I believe) at Mr. Bright's sale for
17/.

I should be obliged to any one who would sup-
plv me with any information about early editions
of Bradford's writings.

Every one is familiar with the story that Brad-
ford, on seeing a criminal pass to execution, said,
" There goes John Bradford but for the grace of
God." Can any one inform me of any early
printed authority for that story ? A. Townsend.

Weston Lane, Bath.

[In the British Museum are the following works by
John Bradford, bound in one volume, press- mark
3932, c. : — The Hvrte of Hering Masse ; also Two
Notable Sermons, the one of Repentance, and the other
of the Lord's Supper, Lond. 1581. On the fly-leaf is
written, " A copy of Bradford's Hurte of Hearijng
Masse, printed for H. Kirham, 1596, B. L., was in
Mr. Jolley's sale, Feb. 1843. This edition by William
Copland for William Martyne without date is scarcer,
and I believe earlier. — R. H. Barham."]

fflinav caumcrf.

Courtney Family. — I throw an apple of discord
to your heraldic, genealogical, and antiquarian
readers. Was there originally more than one
family of Courtnay, Courtney, Courtenay, Cour-
teney, Courtnaye, Courtenaye, &c. Which is
right, and when did the family commence in
England, and how branch off? If your readers
can give no information, who can ? S. A.

Oxford.

* The Shipwrecked Lovers." — Can you give
me any account of the following tragedy, where
the scene of it is laid, &c. ? It is printed along
with some poems, and appears never to have been
acted. The name of the piece is The Ship-
wrecked Lovers, a tragedy in five acts, by James
Templeton, Dublin, 12mo., 1801. I regret that I
am unable to give any account of the author, but
perhaps some of your Irish readers may be able to
do this. Sigma.

Sir John Bingham. — In Burke's Peerage and
Baronetage, article " Lucan," it is stated that this
gentleman was high in rank in King James's army
at the battle of Aughrim, and turned the fortune
of the day in favour of William by deserting,
with his whole command, at the crisis of the
battle. A late number of the DrMin University
Magazine repeats this story on the authority of
Mr. Burke, and it would therefore be satisfactory
to know where the latter found a statement
affecting so much the honour of the family in
question, one of the first in my native county.
The dates of Sir John's birth and marriage are

not given, but the ages of several of his children
are known, and from them it follows that, sup-
posing the father of the first Lord Lucan not to
have married till the mature age of fifty-five -or
sixty, he was barely of age at the time of the
battle, therefore not likely to have been high in
command. My countrymen are too much inclined,
like the French, to attribute their disasters to
treachery, or to any cause but the equal numbers
and courage, and superior discipline, of their ad-
versaries ; but they have never done so to less
purpose than when they ascribe the loss of that
battle to a man who was in all probability not
born in 1691, and must in any case have been a
mere boy at the time. No peerage that I have
met with gives the date of his birth, which would
at once settle the question. It seems most un-
likely, if such were actually the case, that the
family, on attaining the peerage, should have re-
vived the title of the gallant Sarsfield (whose
representatives they were), and thus challenged
public attention, always on the alert on such
points in Ireland, to their alleged dishonour and
betrayal of the cause for which he fought and fell.

J. S. Warden.

Proclamation for making Mustard. — Did Queen
Elizabeth issue a proclamation for " the right of
making mustard ?" And if so, what was the lan-
guage of such proclamation ? An Admirer.

Judges practising at the Bar. — A curious dis-
quisition has run through " N. & Q." on the re-
linquishment of their sees by bishops, but I do
not see that any of them are shown to have offici-
ated as parish priests after quitting the episcopate.

Not that this is the point I wish now to put
before you and your readers, but I want informa-
tion on a somewhat kindred subject.

In Craik's Romance of the Peerage there occurs :

" Percy's leading counsel upon this occasion was
Mr. Sergeant (aftewards Sir Francis) Pemberton, who
subsequently rose to be first a puisne judge, and then
Chief Justice of the King's Bench, was thence trans-
ferred to the Chief Justiceship of the Common Pleas,
and after all ended his days a practitioner at the bar."
— Vol. iv. p. 29. note.

Pemberton, it appears, was dismissed from the
Common Pleas in 1683 ; he was counsel for the
seven bishops in 1688, as was also another dis-
placed judge, Sir Creswell Leving, or Levinge,
who was superseded in 1686.

Are these the only two instances of judges,
qui olimfuere, practising at the bar ? If not, are
they the latest ? And farther, if not the latest,
does not etiquette forbid such practice now ?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

Celebrated Wagers. — I should be glad if any
correspondent will point out any remarkable in-

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

451

stances of the above. The ordinary channels for
obtaining such information I am of course ac-
quainted with. C. Clifton Barrt.

" Pay me tribute, or else ." — In Mr. Bunn's

late work, Old England and New England, I find
this note :

" We all remember the haughty message of the
ruler of a certain province to the governor of a neigh-
bouring one, ' Pay me tribute, or else ; ' and the

appropriate reply, ' I owe you none, and if .' "

Not being of the totality reminiscent, may I beg
for enlightenment ? The anecdote sounds well,
and I am therefore curious to know who the
governors and what the provinces ? W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

" A regular Turk." — We often'hear of people
bad to manage being "regular Turks." When
did the phrase originate ? Though not a journal
for politics, " N. & Q." will no doubt breathe a
wish for the present sultan to be, in the approach-
ing warfare, " a regular Turk." Prestoniensis.

Benjamin Rush. — I found the following in an
old paper :

" Edinburgh, June 14, 1768. Yesterday Benjamin
Rush, of the city of Philadelphia, A. M., and Gus-
tavus Richard Brown, of Maryland, were admitted to
the honour of a degree of Doctors of Physic, in the
university of this place, after having undergone the
usual examinations, both private and public. The
former of whom was also presented some time before
with the freedom of this city."

The Benjamin Rush here referred to subse-
quently became quite eminent as a physician.
He took an active part in the struggle between
the American colonies and the mother country,
and was one of the signers of the Declaration of
Independence. One of his sons was the American
minister to London a few years since.

Can any of your readers inform me why the
freedom of Edinburgh was conferred upon him ?
In 1768 he could not have been over twenty-five
years of age. Inquirer.

Per Centum Sign. — Will you kindly inform me
why the symbol % means per centum : viz. 5 %,
10 %, &c. ? James Mills.

Burial Service Tradition. — About forty years
ago, a young man hung himself. When his body
was taken to the church for interment, the
clergymen refused reading the burial service over
him ; his friends took him to another parish, and
the clergyman of that place refused also; they
then removed him to an adjoining one, and the
clergyman received him and buried him. The
last clergyman said, if any friend of the deceased
had cut off his right hand, and laid it outside the

coffin, no clergyman then could refuse legally re-
ceiving and burying the corpse. Query, is this
true ?

May I ask your readers for an answer, as it will
oblige many friends. The above happened in
Derbyshire. S. Adams, Curate.

Jean Barfs Descent on Newcastle. — I find no
notice, either in Sykes's Local Records, or in
Richardson's Local Historian's Table-book, of the
descent made on Newcastle in 1694 by the cele-
brated Jean Bart, whom the Dutch nicknamed
" De Fransch Duyvel." Somewhere or other I
have seen it stated that he returned to France
with an immense booty. Perhaps some of your
north country correspondents can tell us whether
any record of his visit exists in the archives of
the corporation of Newcastle or elsewhere ?

William Brockie.

Russell Street, South Shields.

Madame deStael. — In Three Months in Northern
Germany, p. 151., 1817, the following passage
occurs among some corrections of the mistakes of
Madame de Stael :

" She knew the language imperfectly, read little,
and misreported the gossip which she heard, either
from carelessness or misunderstanding. When she
censures Fichte, who she says had received no provo-
cation from Nicolai, for helping Schlegel to write a
dull book against, him when he was too old to reply,
she must have been ignorant of the fact, that Nicolai
lived and wrote many years after the publication; and
that, whether provoked or not, it is far from dull."

I cannot find any mention of this dispute in
Madame de Stael's De V Allemagne, and shall be
glad if any of your readers can direct me to the
passage in her works, and also to the joint work
of Schlegel and Fichte. R. A.

Ox. and C. Club.

Honoria, Daughter of Lord Denny. — I should
be extremely obliged to any of your correspon-
dents if they could give me the date of the death of
Honoria, daughter and heiress of Edward, Lord
Denny, who was married to James Hay, after-
wards Earl Carlisle, on the 6th of January, 1607.
She had issue James, second Earl of Carlisle, who
died in 1660. As James Hay, then Baron Hay
of Sawley, married his second wife (Lucy, daugh-
ter of Henry, Earl of Northumberland) in No-
vember 1617, the time of the first Lady Hay's
death is fixed between 1607 and 1617.

Augustus Jessopp.

N.B. — "Bis dat qui cito dat."

Rectory, Papworth St. Agnes.

Hospital of John of Jerusalem. — Is there any
book or manuscript relating to the proceedings of
the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England,

452

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

which enters so fully into particulars as to give
the names of the members of the society and its
officers about the year 1300 ? C. F. K.

Heiress of Haddon Hall. — Any one who visits
Haddon Hall in Derbyshire, the property of the
Duke of Rutland, is shown a doorway, through
which the heiress to this baronial mansion eloped
with (I think) a Cavendish some centuries ago.
I have been informed that in a recent restoration
of Bakewell Church, which is near Haddon Hall,
the vault which contained the remains of this lady
and her family was accidentally broken into, and
that the bodies of herself, her husband, and some
children, were found decapitated, with their heads
under their arms ; moreover, that in all the coffins
therewere dice. My informant had read an au-
thenticated account of this curious circumstance,
which was drawn up at the time of the discovery,
but he could not refer me to it ; and it is very
possible that either his memory or mind may have
failed as to the exact facts. At any rate they are
worth embalming, I think, in the pages of " N. &
Q.," if any correspondent will kindly supply both
" chapter and verse." Alfred Catty.

Monteith. — There is a peculiar style of silver
bowl, of about the time of Queen Anne, which is
called a Monteith. Why is it so designated ? and
to what particular use was it generally applied ?

P.

Vandyking. — In a letter from Secretary Winde-
banke to the Lord Deputy Wentworth {Strafford
Papers, vol. i. p. 161.), P. C. S. S. notices this
phrase, "Pardon, I beseech your lordship, the over-
free censure of your VandykingJ" What is the
meaning of this term, which P. C. S. S. does not
find in any other writing of the period ? Had the
costume, so usual in the portraits by Vandyke,
become proverbial so early as 1633, the date of
Windebanke's letter ? P. C. S. S.

Hiel the Bethelite. — What is the meaning of
the 34th verse of the 16th chapter of the 1st Book
of Kings? In one of Huddlestone's notes to
'Poland's History of the Druids, he quotes the acts
of Hiel the Bethelite, therein mentioned, as an
instance of the Druidical custom of burying a
man alive under the foundations of any building
which was to be undertaken ? L. M. M. R

Earl of Glencairn. — Could you or any of
your readers inform me of any particulars con-
cerning the Earl of Glencairn, who, with a sister,
is said to have fled from Scotland about 1700, or
rather later, and to have concealed himself in
Devonshire, where his sister married, 1712, one
John Lethbridge, and had issue ? Was this sister
called Grace? Within late years they were
spoken of by the very old inhabitants of Oke-

hampton, Devon, and stories of the coroneted
clothes, &c. were current. Lodbrok.

Willow Bark in Ague. — I have seen recently
some notices of the use of willow bark in ague.
Will some kind correspondent inform me and
others interested in the subject, where the in-
formation is to be found ? E. C.

" Terturbdbantur" fyc. — Can any of your
readers give the whole of the poem, of which the
first two lines are —

" Perturbabantur Constantinopolitani,
Innumerabilibus sollicitudinibus" ?

These lines are singularly applicable at the present
moment.

I am also desirous of knowing the history of
this poem. P.

Seamen's Tickets. — Prom an old paper, 1768 :

" Feb. 8. Died at her house in Chapel Street, near
Ratcliff Highway, aged 95, Margaret M'Kennow, who
kept a lodging-house in that neighbourhood many
years, and dealt in seamen's tickets. She is said to
have died worth upwards of 6000/., and just after she
expired twenty-nine quarter guineas were found in her
mouth."

What are seamen's tickets ? W. D. R.

Philadelphia.

[The system of paying seamen with tickets instead
of cash caused great discontent during the reign of
Charles II., and, from the frequent notices respecting
it in Pepys's Diary, seems to have given our Diarist
great trouble. On November 30, 1660, he says:
" Sir G. Carteret did give us an account how Mr.
Holland do intend to prevail with the parliament to
try his project of discharging the seamen all at present
by ticket, and so promise interest to all men that will
lend money upon them at eight per cent, for so long
as they are unpaid ; whereby he do think to take away
the growing debt which do now lie upon the kingdom
for lack of present money to discharge the seamen."
These tickets the poor fellows sold at half price to
usurers, mostly Jews ; and to so great an extent was
the system carried, that in the year 1710 there was a
floating debt due to these usurers of ten millions paid
by Harley from a fictitious fund formed by the go-
vernment.]

Bruce, Robert. — Can you tell me the name of
the author of the following little work? It is
small, and contains 342 pages, and is entitled :

" The Acts and Life of the most Victorious Con-
queror Robert Bruce, King of Scotland. Wherein
also are contained the Martial Deeds of the Valiant
Princes Edward Bruce, Sir James Dowglas, Earl
Thomas Randal, Walter Stewart, and sundry others.
To which is added a Glossary, explaining the difficult

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

453

Words contained in this Book, and that of Wallace.
Glasgow : printed by Mr. A. Carmichael and A.
Miller, mdccxxxvii."

James P. Bryce.

[This work is by John Barbour (sometimes written
Barber, Barbere, and Barbare), an eminent Scottish
metrical historian. It has been said that he received
his education at the Abbey of Aberbrothock, where he
took orders, and obtained a living near Aberdeen.
Dr. Henry supposes Barbour to have become Arch-
deacon of Aberdeen in 1356. It is probable he died
towards the close of 1395. His poem has passed
through several editions, and is considered of high
historical value. The earlier editions are those of
Edinburgh, 1616, 1670, 12mo. In 1790, Pinkerton
published " the first genuine edition from a IMS. dated
1489, with notes and a Glossary." The best edition,
however, is that by Dr. Jamieson, with Notes, and
Life of the Author, Edinb. 4to. 1820.]

Coronation Custom. — At the coronations of
Henry IV. and llichard III. a ceremony was per-
formed which seems to indicate some idea of the
elective sovereignty in England. The archbishop
stood at each of the four corners of the dais in
succession, and asked from thence the consent of
the assembled Commons (Heylin, Reform., 1st
edit., p. 32.). Did this ever take place at the
coronation of English monarchs whose succession
was not disputed ? J. II. B.

[In after times this ceremony seems to be that called
"The Recognition." Sandford, speaking of the co-
ronation of James II., says, " The Archbishop of Can-
terbury standing near the king, on the east side of the
theatre, his majesty, attended as before, rose out of
his chair, and stood before it, whilst the archbishop,
having his face to the east, said as follows : ' Sirs. I
here present unto you King James, the rightful in-
heritor of the crown of this realm ; wherefore all ye
that are come this day to do your homage, service, and
bounden duty, are ye willing to do the same ? ' From
thence the said archbishop, accompanied with the lord
keeper, the lord great chamberlain, the lord high con-
stable, and the earl marshal (garter king of arms going
before them), proceeded to the south side of the
theatre, and repeated the same words ; and from thence
to the west, and lastly to the north side of the theatre,
in like manner : the king standing all this while by
his chair of state, toward the east side of the theatre,
and turning his face to the several sides of the theatre,
at such time as the archbishop at every of them spake
to the people. At every of which the people signified
their willingness and joy by loud acclamations."]

William Warner. — Where can any account be
found of Warner the poet, the author of Albion s
England f I. R. R.

[Some account of William Warner will be found
in Wood's Athena Oxonienses, vol. i. pp. 765 — 773.
(Bliss); also in Percy's Reliques of Ancient English
Poetry, vol. ii. p. 261,, edit. 1812. From the register
of Amwell, in Herts, it appears that he died there

March 9, 1608-9, "soddenly in the night in his bedde,
without any former complaynt or sicknesse;" and that
he was " a man of good yeares and honest reputation ;
by his profession an attorney at the Common Please."
— Scott's Amwell, p. 22. note.]

" It ie of Beauty T — Who was the author of
" Isle of Beauty ? " I always thought Thomas
Haynes Bayly, but some say Lord Byron. Not
knowing Mrs. Bayly's immediate address, I send
this Query. I much regret not asking her when
I sent my volume of poems, with view of poor
Bayly's Grove, Cheltenham. L. M. Thornton.

14. Philip Street, Bath.

[The " Isle of Beauty" is by Thomas Haynes Bayly,
and is given among his Songs, Ballads, and other Poems,
edited by his widow, vol. i. p. 182. edit. 1844.]

Edmund Lodge. — Can you give me the date of
the death of Edmund Lodge, the herald ? I sup-
pose there will be some account of him in the
Obituary of the Gentleman's Magazine, to which
I wish to refer. Was he a descendant of the Rev.
Edmund Lodge, the predecessor of Dawes in the
Mastership of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School
at Newcastle-upon-Tyne ? E. H. A.

[Edmund Lodge died January 16, 1839. An ac-
count of him is given in the Gentleman's Magazine for
April, 1839, p. 433.]

King John. — Baines, in his History of Liver-
pool, p. 77., says King John " was at Lancaster on
the 26th February, 1206, and at Chester on the
28th February following." What route did he
take from the first to the second-named town,
and what was the object of his visit ?

Prestoniensis.

[Upon reference to the Introduction to the Patent
Rolls, it appears that John was at Lancaster from
Monday the 21st to Sunday 27th, from Monday 28th
to Wednesday 1st March at Chester, on Thursday 2nd
at Middlewich, Friday the 3rd at Newcastle-under-
Lyne, and from the 4th to the 8th at Milburn.]

EcpItcS.

HAS EXECUTION BY HANGING BEEN SURVIVED?

(Vol. ix., pp. 174. 280.)

The copious Notes of your correspondents on
this subject have only left the opportunity for a
few stray gleanings in the field of their researches,
which may, however, not prove uninteresting.

The compiler of a curious 12mo. (A Memorial
for the Learned, by J. D., Gent., London, 1686)
records, among " Notable Events in the Keign of
Henry VI.," that, —

" Soon after the good Duke of Gloucester was
secretly murthered, five of his menial servants, yiz.
Sir Roger Chamberlain, Knt., Middleton, Herber,

454

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

Artzis, Esq., and John Needham, Gent., were con-
demned to be hanged, drawn, and quartered ; and
hanged they were at Tyburn, let down quick, stript
naked, marked with a knife to be quartered ; and then
the Marquess of Suffolk brought their pardon, and
delivered it at the place of execution, and so their
lives were saved." — P. 77.

The following document from the Patent Rolls
of the forty-eighth year of the reign of King
Henry III. (skin 5.) affords conclusive evidence
of the affirmative :

" Rex omnibus, etc. salutem. Quia Inetta de Bal-
sliani pro receptamento latronum et imposito nuper
per considerationem curie nostre suspendio adjudicata,
et ab hora non&. diei lune usque post ortum solis diei
martis sequen. suspensa, viva evasit, sicut ex testi-
monio fide dignorum accipimus. Nos, divinas chari-
tatis intuitu, pardonavimus eidem Inetta sectam pacis
nostre que ad nos pertinet pro receptamento predicto,
et firmam pacem nostrum ei inde concedimus. In
cujus, etc. Teste Rege apud Cantuar. xvi°. die Au-
gusti.

" Convenit cum recordo Laur. Halsted, Deput.
Algern. May. mil."

Plot, in his Natural History of Staff or dskii-e,
p. 292., quotes this pardon, and suggests that pos-
sibly

" She could not be hanged, upon account that the
larynx, or upper part of her windpipe, was turned
to bone, as Fallopius (Oper., torn, i., Obs. Anat.,
tract. 6.) tells us he has sometimes found it, which
possibly might be so strong, that the weight of her
body could not compress it, as it happened in the case
of a Swiss, who, as I am told by the Rev. Mr. Obadiah
Walker, Master or University College', was attempted
to be hanged no less than thirteen times, yet lived not-
withstanding, by the benefit of his windpipe, that after
his death was found to have turned into a hone ; which
yet is still wonderful, since the circulation of the blood
must be stopt, however, unless his veins and arteries
were ^likewise turned to bone, or the rope not slipt
close."

Besides the account of Anne Green, Denham,
in the 4th book of his Physico- Theology , quotes
the following instance from Rechelin (De Aere et
Alim. defect., cap. vii.), —

" Of a certain woman hang'd, and in all appearance
dead, who was nevertheless restored to life by a physi-
cian accidentally coming in, and ordering a plentiful
administration of the spirit of sal ammoniac."

(See also The Uncertainty of the Signs of Death,
and the Danger of precipitate Interments and Dis-
sections demonstrated, 12mo., London, 1751.)

A paragraph, stating that Fauntleroy, the noto-
rious forger, had survived his execution, and was
living abroad, has more than once gone the round
of the newspapers. It is sometimes added that
his evidence was required in a Chancery suit, —
absurdly enough, as, if not actually, he was at
least legally dead.

The story of Brodie, executed October, 1788,
for an excise robbery at Edinburgh, is probably
familiar to most. The self-possession and firmness
with which he met his fate was the result of a
belief in the possibility of his resuscitation :

" It is a curious fact, that an attempt was made to
resuscitate Brodie immediately after the execution.
The operator was Degravers, whom Brodie himself
had employed. His efforts, however, were utterly
abortive. A person who witnessed the scene, ac-
counted for the failure by saying that the hangman,
having been bargained with for a short fall, his excess
of caution made him shorten the rope too much at
first, and when he afterwards lengthened it, he made it
too long, which consequently proved fatal to the expe-
riment."— Curiosities of Biography, 8vo., Glasgow,
1845.

There is a powerfully-written story in Black-
wood's Magazine, April, 1827, entitled "Le Reve-
nant," in which a resuscitated felon is supposed to
describe his feelings and experience. The author,
in his motto, makes a sweeping division of man-
kind: — "There are but two classes in the world
— those who are hanged, and those who are not
hanged ; and it has been my lot to belong to the
former." Many well-authenticated cases might
still be adduced ; but enough at least has now
probably been said upon the subject, to show the
possibility of surviving the tender mercies of Pro-
fessor Calcraft and his fraternity.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

In Atkinson's Medical Bibliography, A. and B.,
under the head " Bathurst Rodolphus," is the
following :

" Nuremberg, 4to., 1655. On a maid who recovered
after being hanged.

" This is the ^remarkable case of Elizabeth Gren,
whom Bathurst and Dr. Willis restored after being
executed, i. e. hanged, for infanticide. « Vena incisa
refocillata est.'

" These poor creatures are seldom considered as
maids, after being hanged for infanticide. A similar
recovery also happened to a man who had been exe-
cuted for murder at York. My father had the body
for public dissection. Whether the law then required
the body to be hung for one hour or not, I cannot say ;
but I well remember my father's observation, that it
was a pity the wretch had ever been restored, as his
morals were by no means improved. Hanging is there-
fore by no means a cure for immorality, and it will be
needless (in any of us) trying the experiment." —
P. 255.

H.J.

Sheffield.

There is a record of a person being alive imme-
diately after hanging, in the Local Histojian's
Table-book, vol. ii. pp.43, 44., and under the date
May 23, 1752. It is there stated, Ewan Mac-
donald, a recruit in General Guise's regiment of

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

455

Highlanders, then quartered in Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, murdered a cooper named Parker, and was
executed on September 28, pursuant to his sen-
tence. He was only nineteen years of age, and at
the gallows endeavoured to throw the executioner
off the ladder. The statement concludes with —
"his body was taken to the surgeons' hall and
there dissected;" and the following is appended
as a foot-note :

" It was said that, after the body was taken to
the surgeons' hall, and placed ready for dissection,
the surgeons were called to attend a case at the in-
firmary, who, on their return, found Macdonald so far
recovered as to be sitting up. He immediately begged
for mercy; but a young surgeon, not wishing to be
disappointed of the dissection, seized a wooden mall,
with which he deprived him of life. It was farther
reported, as the just vengeance of God, that this young
man was soon after killed in the stable by his own
horse. They used to show a mall at the surgeons'
hall, as the identical one used by the surgeon."

Robert S. Salmon.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The case of Anne Green is attested by a third
witness :

" In December, 1650, he was one of the persons
concerned in recovering Anne Green to life, who was
hanged at Oxford on the 14th, for the supposed mur-
ther of her bastard child." — " Memoir of Sir William
Petty, Knt.," prefixed to Several Essays on Political
Arithmetic, p. 3., 4th edit., London, 1755.

Cpl.

gave more pleasure, and to a greater number, than a
continuation by myself in the spirit of the two first {sic)
cantos (qu. would give)." — Letters, $-c, Moxon, 1836,
vol. i. pp. 94-5.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.
Birmingham.

COLERIDGE S CHRISTABEL.

(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292; Vol. via., pp. 11. 111.)

Mr. J. S. Warden might well express astonish-
ment at the rash and groundless statement in
"Blackwood" (Dec. 1839), that the third part of
Christabel which Dr. Maginn sent to that maga-
zine in 1820 "perplexed the public, and pleased
even Coleridge" How far the " discerning public"
were imposed upon I know not; the following
extract will show how far the poet-philosopher
was "pleased" with the parody.

" If I should finish ' Christabel,' I shall certainly
extend it, and give new characters, and a greater num-
ber of incidents. This the 'reading public' require,
and this is the reason that Sir Walter Scott's poems,
though so loosely written, are pleasing, and interest
us by their picturesqueness. If a genial recurrence of
the ray divine should occur for a few weeks, I shall
certainly attempt it. I had the whole of the two
cantos in my mind before I began it ; certainly the
first canto is more perfect, has more of the true wild
weird spirit than the last. I laughed heartily at the
continuation in * Blackwood,' which I have been told is
by Maginn. It is in appearance, and in appearance
only, a good imitation. I do not doubt but that it

GENERAL -WHITELOCKE.

(Vol. ix., p. 201.)

General Whitelocke being on a visit to Aboyne
Castle, in this county, the seat of the late Marquis
of Huntley, then Earl of Aboyne, and a public
market being held in the neighbourhood, the Earl,
the General, and some other visitors, were seen,
sauntering amongst the cattle and the tents of the
fair. Amongst the attenders of the country mar-
kets at that period was a woman of the name of
Tibby Masson, well known in this city for her
masculine character and deeds of fearlessness.
Tibby had accompanied her husband, who was a
soldier, to South America ; and, along with him,
had been present at the unfortunate siege of
Buenos Ayres ; and, as a trophy of her valour,
she brought with her an enormous-sized silver
watch, which she declared she had taken from the
person of a Spanish officer who lay wounded in
the neighbourhood of the city after the engage-
ment. Tibby was standing by her "sweetie"
(confectionary) stall in the Aboyne Market when
the Earl and Whitelocke, and the other gentlemen,
were passing, and she at once recognised her old
commander. They stopped, and the General
tasted some of her "sweeties," and saucily de-
clared that they were abominably bad. Upon
which Tibby immediately retorted : " They are a
great deal better than the timmer (wooden) flints
that you gave our soldiers at Bonny's Airs." On
hearing this, the consternation of Whitelocke and
his friends can more easily be imagined than de-
scribed. They all fled from the field with the
utmost rapidity, leaving Tibby completely vic-
torious ; and the General, so far as is known,
never again visited Aberdeenshire. B. B.

Aberdeen.

I have not access to a file of newspapers, but
have been frequently told by an old pensioner,
who served under General Whitelocke : " We
marched into Bowsan Arrys (as he pronounced
Buenos Ayres) without ere a flint in our muskets."

L. G.

The subjoined charade, which I have seen years
ago, is perhaps preferable :

" My first is an emblem of purity,
My next against knaves a security;

My whole is a shame

To an Englishman's name,
And branded will be to futurity."

456

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

I have also seen a sort of parody upon the above
applied to Waterloo :

« My first, tho' it's clear,

Will oft troubl'd appear,
My next 's an amusement so clever;

My whole is a name,

Recorded by fame,
To the glory of England for ever."

M. J. C.

If the jeu cT esprit on the above name be worthy
of preservation, the more correct version of it is
as follows :

" My first is the emblem of purity,
My second is used for security ;
My whole is a name,
Which, if I had the same,
I should blush to hand down to futurity."

The authorship was ascribed (I believe with
truth) to a lady of the name of Belson. M. (2)

The following is the correct version :

" My first is an emblem of purity,
My second the means of security ;

My whole is a name,

Which, if mine were the same,
I should blush to hand down to futurity."

N. L. J.

General Whitelocke died at Clifton, in his house
in Princes Buildings. Anon.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Gravel/i/ Wax Negatives. — The only remedy I am
acquainted with is to use the paper within twenty-four
hours after excitement. I have tried the methods of
Messrs. Crookes, Fenton, and How ; in every case I
was equally annoyed with gravel, if excited beyond
that time ; in fact, I believe all the good wax negatives
have been taken within twelve hours. The Rev. Wm.
Collings, who has produced such excellent wax ne-
gatives, 24 in. x 18 (several were sent to the late Ex-
hibition of the Photographic Society), informs me the
above is quite his experience, and that he excites his
papers for the day early in the morning. The cause
lies, I believe, in the want of homogeneity of the waxed
paper, arising from unevenness in the structure of the
paper exaggerated by the transparency of the wax,
partly, perhaps, from a semi-crystallizing of the wax in
cooling, and also from its being adulterated with
tallow, resin, &c. As a consequence of this, the paper
is filled with innumerable hard points; the iodizing
and exciting solutions are unequally absorbed, and the
actinic influence acting more on the weak points, pro-
duces under gallic acid a speckled appearance, if de-
composition has gone to any length in the exciting
nitrate by keeping. The ceroleine process, by its power
of penetrating, will, I hope, produce an homogeneous
paper, and go far to remove this annoyance.

In answer to a former Query by Mr. Hele, What-
man's paper of 1849 is liglfrly sized, and not hard

rolled, so that twenty minutes' washing in repeated
water sufficed to remove the iodide of potassium, and if
long soaked the paper became porous, often letting
the gallic acid through in the development. I have
lately been trying Turner's and Sandford's papers ;
they require three or four hours' repeated washings to
get rid of the salts, being very hard rolled. Many
negatives on Turner's paper, especially if weak, ex-
hibit a structural appearance like linen, the unequal
density gives almost exactly the same gravelly cha-
racter as wax, as the positive I inclose, taken from
such a negative, shows. Not only ought collodion to
be "structureless," as Mr. Shadbolt well expresses it,
but likewise all the other substrata of iodide of silver.

T. L. Mansell.
Guernsey.

Photographic Experience. — The plan proposed by
Dr. Mansell, in the last Number of " N. & Q.," for a
comparison of photographic experiences, will, I am
sure, prove of much practical advantage ; and I there-
fore lose no time in filling up the table published in
your paper :

1. Eight minutes' exposure.

2. South Wales.

3. Mr. Talbot's original receipt.

4. Turner.

5. jj inch.

6. 2 inches.

7. 3 inches. Focal length, 1 7 inches. Maker, Ross.

I would also suggest that the character of the object
copied should be included in the above table. My
answer supposes a light-coloured building of an ordi-
nary sandstone colour. A view comprising foliage
would require a much longer time for its full develop-
ment. In working on the sea-coast, I find that the
dark slate rocks of north Cornwall require an expo-
sure in the camera half as long again as the blue moun-
tain limestone cliffs of South Wales, which abound in
actinic power. J. D. Llewelyn.

Pen-ller-gaer.

&eplit£ ta ^Itnor $}ucvit&.

Turkish Language (Vol. ix., p. 352.). — Your
correspondent Hassan, who would much gratify
our friends the Turks if he would spell his sig-
nature with one s only, will find the object of his
inquiry in a little book just published by Clowes,
Military Publisher, Charing Cross, Turkish and
English Words and Phrases, for the Use of the
British Army and Navy in the East, price Is.
The pronunciation is given in the Roman cha-
racter, and according to the plainest English rules.

OsMANLI.

Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke's Charts of the
Black Sea (Vol. ix., p. 132.). — A reply respecting
these important Charts, and. their value, was given
by the First Lord of the Admiralty in the House
of Commons on March 6, in consequence of an
inquiry made by Mr. French. Sir James Graham

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

457

is stated by The Times of the following day to
have said on that occasion :

" The Charts alluded to by the hon. gentleman were
most valuable, and had been made use of; but subse-
quent observations, and farther surveys, had in a great
measure superseded them at the present time."

Ellum.

Aristotle on living Law (Vol. ix., p. 373.). —
Your correspondent H. P. asks where Aristotle
says that a judge is a living law, as the law itself
is a dumb judge. The first part of this antithesis
is in Eth. Nic, v. 4. § 7. :

" 'O yap SiKacTTTjs jSouAerat tivca oTov Z'ikcliov Zfj.tyvxoi'."
" The judge wishes to be justice incarnate."

Your correspondent, however, probably had in
his mind the passage of Cicero, de Leg., iii. 1. :

" Videtis igitur, magistrates banc esse vim, ut prajsit,
prajscribatcjue recte et utilia et conjuncta cum legibus ;
— vereque dici, magistratum legem esse loquentem, le-
gem autem mutum magistratum."

The commentators compare an antithetical sen-
tence attributed to Simonides, — that a picture is a
silent poem, and that a poem is a speaking pic-
ture. L.

Christ's or Cris Cross Itoiv (Vol. viii., p. 18.). —
The Alphabet. See The Romish Beehive, 319.:

" In Bacon's Reliques of
the hallowing of churches,
is the following : ' There
pavement of the

of ashes and sand where-
or Christ's Crosse, shall
Latin letUrs.'

" Sir Thos. More, in
* Crosse Rowe was print-
I first went to school
Horn- Book (as it was
the Alphabet in a form
given, and the dame
ginners to learn our
that time the term was
seventy years since."

D E FG H I K
L

M
M
()
P

a

ii
s

T
V
U

\Y
X
Y
Z

Rome, p. 257., describing
among other ceremonies
must be made in the
church a crosse

in the whole Alphabet,
be written in Greek and

his Works, p. 606. h, says,
ed on cards for learners.'
at a dame's, and had a
called), in which was
something like that here
called me and other be-
' Cris Cross Row :' at
used, that is, about

Goddard Johnson.

Titles to the Psalms in the Syriac Version. —
Mr. T. J. Bockton (Vol. ix., p. 242.) observes,
in reference to the superscription n^JJn n^D^,
"For the_ chief performer on the neginoth," that
" the Syriac and Arabic versions omit this super-
scription altogether, from ignorance of the musical
sense of the words." And lower down he speaks
as if DIPTl} were expressed in the Syriac by the
word " church." I do not question the accuracy
of Mr. B.'s renderings of the Hebrew words, for

they have been admitted for centuries ; but I wish
to observe that the translator of the Syriac should
not be lightly charged with ignorance of Hebrew,
as I can testify from an extensive acquaintance
with that venerable version. I therefore cannot
allow that the words were omitted by the ti'ans-
lator for that reason. Besides, whenever he found
a word untranslateable, he transferred it as it
was. Nor do I admit that nehiloth, in Psalm v., is
translated by the term "church." And this leads
me to remark, what seems to have been over-
looked by most writers, viz. that the Syriac ver-
sion omits uniformly the titles of the Psalms as
they are found in Hebrew.* The inscriptions
contained in the common editions of these Psalms
form no part of the translation. One of them
refers to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus !
They are not always the same. I am acquainted
with at least three different sets of these headings
contained in the Syriac MSS. in the British Mu-
seum. Erpenius omitted them altogether in his
edition of the Psalter, and Dathe's follows his; for
which very substantial reasons are given by him
in the " Prajf. ad Lect." of his Psalterium Syria-
mm, pp. 36, 37., Hake, 1768. B. H. C.

" Old Rowley" (Vol. ix., p. 235.). — The nick-
name of " Old Rowley," as applied to Charles II.,
seems to be derived from Roland, and has refer-
ence to the proverbial saying, " A Roland for an
Oliver ;" the former name being given to Charles,
in contradistinction to the Protector's name of
Oliver. Roland and Oliver were two celebrated
horses, or, as some say, two pages of Charlemagne
possessing equal qualities : and hence, " I'll give
you a Roland for your Oliver " was tantamount
to "I'll give you as good as you send."f N". L. J.

Wooden Effigies (Vol. ix., p. 17.). — I beg to
refer your readers to two figures which are in
excellent preservation, and I am not aware that
they have ever obtained public notice. In the
church at Boxted, near Sudbury, Suffolk, which
is the burial-place of the ancient family of Poley
of Boxted Hall, are, with several other interesting
monuments, the effigies of William Poley and
Alice Shaa, his wife.

He is in armour," with a beard ; and the lady in
the dress of her day, with a long pendant from
her girdle, having suspended a small thick book
and the arms of Poley impaling Shaa on the
cover. At her feet a greyhound to fill up the
space, in consequence of the lady being short, and
their heads on the same line. There is an in-
scription in relief on the cushion on which the
lady rests her head, which states that he died
17th December, 1587, and the lady March 7,

* Except the words "of David:" I am not sure
about these.

[f See « N. & Q.," Vol. ii., p. 132.]

458

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

1579. The figures rest on a tomb of masonry,
and fill the recess of a window, with iron railing
to protect them. They are painted black, so that
the nature of the wood is not apparent.

Alice Shaa was" the only daughter and heiress
of her father, and the eldest son of this William
and Alice was Sir John Poley, Knt. (See Morant's
Essex, vol. i. pp. 151. 217. &c.) S. A.

Melford.

Abbott Families (Vol. ix., pp. 105. &c.).— Mr.
Adams having very satisfactorily afforded the re-
quired information concerning Samuel Abbott, I
shall still feel very greatly obliged if any other
gentleman can throw any light upon the Arch-
bishop's descendants, especially Sir Maurice's sons
and their issue. I have in my possession an old
will of an ancestress, sealed with the crest of
Bartholomew Barnes, of London, merchant, whose
daughter was second wife and mother to Sir
Maurice's children, viz., Bartholomew, George,
Edward, and Maurice. Did any of them leave a
son called James, born about 1690 or 1700?

I. T. Abbott.

Darlington.

iHt'SttlTaticouj?.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Every reader of the Archceologia knows so well the
great value of the papers contained in it (too few in
number) by the Rev. John Webb, that he will be
sure that any work edited by that gentleman will
be edited with diligence, intelligence, and learning.
Such is the Roll of the Household Expenses of Richard
de Swinfield, Bishop of Hereford, during part of the
Years 1289 and 1290, which he has just edited for the
Camden Society, in a manner every way worthy of his
reputation, which is that of one of the best antiquaries
of the day. The present volume contains only the
Roll, its endorsement, and an appendix of contempo-
rary and explanatory documents, the whole being
richly annotated by the editor. Another volume will
contain his introduction, glossary, &c. On its com-
pletion we shall again call attention to a work which
is so creditable both to Mr. Webb and to the Camden
Society.

The third volume of the cheap and handsome library
edition of The Works of Oliver Goldsmith, edited by
Peter Cunningham, F. S. A., which forms a portion
of Murray's British Classics, contains I. The Bee;
11. Essays ; III. Unacknowledged Essays ; and IV. His
Prefaces, Introductions, fyc.

Our photographic friends will be glad to hear that a
new edition of Professor Hunt's Manual of Photography
has just been issued, in which the author, besides in-
cluding all the most recent improvements, the process
of photographic etching, &c, has taken the oppor-
tunity of making such alterations in the arrangements
of the several divisions of the subject, as have enabled
him to place the various phenomena in a clearer view.

While on the subject of scientific publications, we may
notice the very able volume just issued by Professor
Beale, The Microscope, and its Application to Clinical
Medicine. Though addressed more particularly to
medical practitioners, it contains so much valuable in-
struction with respect to the management of the mi-
croscope generally, as to render it a valuable guide to
all who are engaged in microscopic investigations.

Dr. Latham will lecture on Thursday next at the
Beaumont Institution, Mile End Road, On the various
Families of Mankind in the Russian and Turkish Empires.
The Lecture is for the benefit of the Colet Schools of
the very poor district of St. Thomas, Stepney.

Books Received. — The Statistical Companion for
1854, by T. C. Banfield, Esq., is a most valuable com-
pendium of a mass of statistical evidence gathered from
Parliamentary Blue Books, and other authentic sources,
thus supplying in one small volume the results of
many very large ones. — Addison's Works, by Bishop
Hard. Vol. III. of this cheap and neatly-printed
edition (which forms a part of Bonn's Series of British
Classics) contains Addison's Papers from The Spectator.
— Lives of the Queens of England, by Agnes Strickland,
Vol. V., contains the Biographies of Anne of Denmark,
Henrietta Maria, and Catherine of Braganza.— Poetical
Works of John Bryden, edited by Robert Bell, Vol. III.
This is the concluding volume of Dryden in Mr. Bell's
Annotated Edition of the English Poets. — Cyclopaedia
Bibliographica, Part XX. The first division of this
most useful library companion is fast drawing to a
close, the present Part extending from Vance (William
Ford) to Wilcocks( Thomas). — The Retrospective Re-
view, No. VII., contains some amusing articles on
Ancient Paris, Davies the Epigrammatist, the Turks
in the Seventeenth Century, Astrology, &c.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The Advancement of Aiits, Manufactures, and Commerce, or
a Description of Machines and Models, &c, contained in the
Repository of the Society of Arts, &c. By William Bailey,
Registrar of the Society, 1772.

A Register of the Premiums and Bounties given by tub
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce, from the original Institution in the year 1754
to 1776 inclusive. Printed for the Society by James Phillips.
1778.

Wanted by P. Le Neve Foster, 7. Upper Grove Lane, Camberwell.

Scott's Poetical Works. 8vo. 1830. Vol. I., or the "Minstrelsy,"

of that date.
Southey's Brazil. 4to. Vols. II. and III.
Salazar, Histohia de la Conquista de Mexico. Fol. 1743 or

1786.
Percy Society's Publications, 93 and 94. (I/, will be given for

them.)

Wanted by J. K. Smith, 36. Soho Square.

Essays and Sketches of Life and Character, by a Gentleman
who recently left his Lodgings. London, 1820.

Memoir of Sheridan, by the late Professor Smyth. Leeds, 1811 .
12mo.

Wanted by John Martin, Librarian, Woburn Abbey.

May 13. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

459

The following Works of Symon Patrick, late Lord Bishop of
Ely, &c. : —

Sermon at the Funeral or Mr. John Smith. 1652.
Divine Arithmetic, Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. Samuel

Jacomb, June 17, 1659.
Anglian Speculum, Sermon at the Fast, April 24, 1678.
Sbrmon at CovtNT Garden, Advent Sunday, 1078.
Sermon on St. Peter's Day, with enlargements. 1687.
Sermon on St. Mark's Day. 1686.
Fast Sermon before the Kino and Queen, April 16, 1690 :

Prov. xiv. 34.
Exposition of the Ten Commandments. 1665.
Discourse concerning Prayer.
The Pillar and Ground ok Truth. 4to. 1687.
Examination of Bkllarmine's Second Note of the Church,

viz., Antiquity. 4to. 1687.
Examination of the Texts which Papists cite out of the

Bible to prove the Supremacy of St. Peter, &c. 1688.
Answer to a Book entitled " The Touchstone of the Re-

formed Gospel." 1692.
A Private Prayer to be used in difficult Times.
A Thanksgiving for our late wonderful Deliverance.

1689.
Wanted by the Rev. Alexander Taylor, 3. Blomfield Terrace,
Paddington.

Arcreologia, Numbers or Volumes,' from Vol. XXV. to Vol.
XXIX. inclusive.
Wanted by James Dearden, Upton House, Poole, Dorset.

The Artifices and Impositions of False Teachers, discovered

in a Visitation Sermon. 8vo. London, 1712.
The Church of England not superstitious — showing what

Religions may justly be charged with Superstition, pp. 46, 8vo.

London, 1714.
Physica Aristotelica moderna accommodata in usum juven-

tutis academics, Auctore Gulielmo Taswell. 8vo. Lond., 1718.
Antichrist Revealed among the Sect of Quakers. London,

1723.
The above were written by Wm. Taswell, D.D., Rector of
Newington, Surrey, &c.
Miscellanea Sacra ; containing the Story of Deborah and Barak ;

David's Lamentations over Saul and Jonathan ; a Pindaric

Poem; and the Prayer of Solomon at the Dedication of the

Temple, 4to., by E. Taswell. London, 1760.
The Usefulness of Sacred Music, 1 Chron. 16. 39. 40. 42., by

Wm. Taswell, A.M., Rector of Wootton-under-Edge, Glou-
cestershire. 8vo. London, 1742.
Commerce of the United States and West Indies., by the Hon.

Littleton W. Tazewell. London, 1829.
Wanted by R. Jackson, 3. Northampton Place, Old Kent Road.

Liber Precum. 1569.
Liber Precum. 1571.
Liber Precum. 1660.
Liturgia. 1670.
Eton Prayers. 1705.
Enchiridion Precum.
Enchiridion Precum.

Ch. Ch. Oxford.

1707.
1715.

Liber Precum. 1819. Worcester College, Oxford.

Wanted by Rev. J. W. Hewett, Bloxham, Banbury.

ftatitzi to Carrc<*i)0uttentsJ.

Balliolensis. We think the article in question has recently
been reprinted. If not, which we will ascertain, we shall be glad
to receive it.

G. B. A. is thanked. His reply has been anticipated.

A nun a. For explanation of the monogram of the Parker Society,
see Vol. vii., p. 502.

I. R. R. Embost, with hunters, refers to a deer that has been so

hard chased that shefonms at the mouth Stound, in Spenser,

is explained in the glossary, as space, moment, season, hour,

time Yarke is to make ready, or prepare Crampette, in

Heraldry, is the chape at the bottom of the scabbard of a sword, to
prevent the point from protruding. It is a badge borne by the

Earl de la Warr. An Ambry, in old customs, was a place

where arms, plate, and vessels of domestic use were kept ; probably

a corruption of Almonry. Gispen i* a pot or cup made of

leather, " gyspen potte, pot de euir," Palsgrave. In use at Win-
chester School, according to Kcnnett. The item in the New-
castle Accounts, " Paid for cowllinge of Bar/ye Allyson, the fool,"

may mean, for habiting him in a friar's cowl. Clito, or

Clitones, soys Du Cange, " non modo Regum primogenitos, quod
vult Spelmanus, sed universim fi/ios omnes, appellarunt Anglo-

Saxones, tanquam KXtirou; , ides/, inclvtos, claros." Sollerets

are pieces of steel, which formed part of the armour for the feet.

A Young Photographer must clearly see (what we ought not
to have to repeal) that we cannot recommend particular houses
for photographic apparatus. Our advertising columns furnish all
such Queries with ample Replies.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10s. 6rf., cloth, boards . A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. is For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detad rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art. —
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - - 1 1 0

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures. Oil Paintings, "Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-

SITIVF, PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

460

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 237.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
S. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grisscll, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, J un. Esq.

M.P.
O. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. j George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cooks, Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100?., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—
Age

17 -

£ s. d.

Age

£ s. d.

■• 1 14 4

32-

- 2 10 8

- 1 18 8

37- ■

- 2 18 6

- 2 4 5 I 42 -

3 8 2

27-

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6rf., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, Loudon.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's
Place, Trafalgar square, London.

Established a. d. 1844.

"INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

JL may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON,

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
cation.

HOPE LIFE OFFICE • incor-
porated under Act of Parliament. Gua-
rantee fund 100,000/.

Life assurances, endowments, annuities, and
honesty guarantee bonds, at moderate and just
premiums.

By order,

H. C. EIFFE, General Manager.
4. Princes Street, Bank.

pHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the

\J recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horscley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

rrHE ST. MARGARETS ES-

l TATE, Richmond. — This magnificent
MANSION and Picturesque PARK at St.
Margaret's, opposite Richmond Gardens, may
be VIEWED daily, between the hours of 12
and 5 o'clock (Sundays excepted), by cards
only, to be had of the Executive Committee of
the Conservative Land Society. Cards will be
forwarded on application to

CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEISEN, Sec.
Offices, 33. Norfolk Street, Strand,
April 15, 1854.

Patronised by the Royal
Family,

TWO THOUSAND* pounds
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-

NESS PREVENTED.
BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is
acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for le-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6tf. : double size, 4s. 6d. ; 7s. ed
equal to 4 small; Us. to 6 small: 21s to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2*-. td. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 30 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street ;
JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDLNG, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork : BARRY, 9.- Main
Street, Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow ; DUN-
CAN & FLOCKIIART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER

jt\ ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.

LIVERPOl )L, at Cook Street.

MANCHESTER, at Dude Place.

DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.

GLASGOW, at 1 15. St. Vincent Street.

DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.

BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.

SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
" ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE " being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

LIBRARY OF VALUABLE BOOKS.

M

w. R. BENTLEY will SELL by

ill AUCTION, in the Lecture Room of the
Natural History Society, at Worcester, on
Tuesday, the 23rd Lay of MAY, 1854, at
Eleven o'clock, A VALUABLE LIBRARY
of RARE and CHOICE BOOKS, including
one Copy of the First Folio Edition of Sliak-
speare, London, 1623, and two varying Copies
of the Second Folio, London, 1632, with many
valuable Black-letter Books in Divinity and
History.

Catalogues may be had at the Office of the
Auctioneer, 9. Foregate Street, Worcester, one
week previous to the Sale.

w.

H. HART, RECORD

. AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, JISS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

I.ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

II CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TR AVELLING-BAG S,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau coutaining four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

r>ENNETT'S MODEL
) WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., Zl., aud U. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

HEAL & SON'S SPRING
MATTRESSES. — The most durable
Bedding is a well-made SPRING MAT-
TRESS ; it ictains its elasticity, and will wear
longer without repair *han any other mattress,
and with one French Wool and H:\ir Mattress
on it is a most luxurious Bed. HEAL & SON
make them in three varieties. For prices of
the different sizes and qualities, apply for
HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, and priced LIST
OF BEDDING. It contains designs and
prices of upwards of loo Bedsteads, and prices
of every description of Bedding, and is sent
free by Post.
HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefteld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Gkohoi Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan fn the West, in the
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.- Saturday, May 13. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

«« When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttlk.

No. 238.]

Saturday, May 20. 1854.

{Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, £d.

CONTENTS.

Notes : — Page

A Leader from a Foreign Newspaper :

the New Russian Manifesto - - 463

The Launch of the " Prince Royal" in

1610 - - - - - 461

"Notes and Queries on the Ormulum,

by Dr. Monieke" ... 455

The Legend of the Seven Sisters - 465

Minor Notes: — Coincidences — The
English Liturgy — " To jump for joy "

— "What is Truth?" — Abolition of
Government Patronage - - - 466

Minor Queries : — " One New Year's
Day "—Greek denounced by the Monks
— Pliny's Dentistry — J. Farrington,
R.A. —Henry Crewkerne of Exeter —
Dr. Johnson— Latin "Dante"— Ralph
Bosvill, of Bradbourn, Kent — Major-
General Wolfe— Custom at University
College, Oxford— " Old Dominion " —
" Wise men labour," &c. - - 467

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Dame Hester Temple— Samuel White

— Heralds' College — Pope - - 468

Replies : -~

Blanco White's Sonnet, by S. W. Singer 469

Goloshes - - - - - 470
Consonants in Welsh, by Thomas

O'Coffey, &c. - - - 471
Songs of Degrees (Ascents), by T. J.

Buckton 473

The Screw Propeller - - - 473

Amontillado Sherry - - - 474

Recent Curiosities of Literature - 475
Roland the Brave, by F. M. Middleton,

&c. 475

Photographic Correspondence : —
Recovery of Silver - - - 476

Replies to Minor Queries : — Ashes of
" Lignites"_01d Rowley — " Bachelors
of every Station " — Mousehunt— Value
of Money in the Seventeenth Century

— Grammars for Public Schools —
Classic Authors and the Jews— Hand-
bells at Funerals — " Warple-way " —
Medal of Chevalier St. George —

Shakspeare's Inheritance— Cassock

Tailless Cats — Names of Slaves —
Heraldic — Solar Annual Eclipse of
1263— Brissot de Warville— "Le Com-
pare Mathieu"— Etymology of "Awk-
ward" — Life and Death — Shelley's
" Prometheus Unbound " — " Three
Crowns and a, Sugar-loaf—Stanza in
" Childe Harold "—Errors in Punctu-
ation — Waugh of Cumberland —

" Could we with ink," &c. - - 477

Miscellaneous: —
Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 483

Notices to Correspondents - - 483

Vol. IX.— Xo. 238

Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6(1,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from. Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. L, 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. Gd., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

VTO. II. of JOHN RUSSELL

AJ SMITH'S OLD BOOK CIRCULAR is

tublished this Day ; containing 1200 Choice,
Tseful, and Curious Books at very moderate
prices. It may be had Gratis on application,
or sent by Post on Receipt of a postage label to
frank it.

J. R. SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.

This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s.

DANTE'S DIVINE COMEDY.
— The First Part. — Hell. Translated
in the Metre of the Original, with Notes, by
THOMAS BROOKSBANK, M. A., Cambridge.

' London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Thi3 Day, 8vo., Is.

A DIALOGUE ON THE PLU-
RALITY OP WORLDS ; being a Sup-
plement to the Essay on that Subject.

Also, 8vo., 8s.

OF THE PLURALITY OF

WORLDS: An Essay.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, Seventh and Cheaper Edition, with
numerous Illustrations, 2s. Gd.

DOMESTICATED ANIMALS.
By MARY ROBERTS.

By the same Author, Third Edition, with Il-
lustrations, 3s. 6c/., gilt edges.

WILD ANIMALS.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

ARUNDEL SOCIETY. — The

_£Jl Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3),
consisting of Eight Wood Engravings by
MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver
Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
at PADUA, is now ready : and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions are requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN J. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

WORKS JUST PUBLISHED

BT

JOHKT HE1TIIY JACKS03M.

Now ready, Second Thousand, post 8vo.,
cloth, 6s.

PRATITUDE: an Exposition

\ T of the 1 03rd Psalm. By the REV. JOHN

STEVENSON, Vicar of Patrixboume-with-
Bridge, Canterbury ; Author of " Christ on the
Cross," and " The Lord our Shepherd."

In fcp. 8vo., Second Thousand, price 2s. Gd.

REDEEMING LOVE. By

W. B. MACKENZIE, M.A., Incumbent of
St. James1, Holloway.

In fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Portrait, 3s. Gd.
THE BUD OF PROMISE:

Memoir of Eliza H. M. Groeme. By the REV.
D. PITCAIRN, Author of " Perfect Peace,"
&c.

In fcp. 8vo., with Engraving, price 3s. Gd.

HESTER FLEMING : The

Good Seed, and its certain Fruit. By MRS.
WARD.

In fcp. 8vo., with Portrait, Twenty-fourth
Thousand, 2s. Gd.

PERFECT PEACE. Letters

Memorial of the late J. W. Hawell. By the
REV. D. PITCAIRN.

In 18mo., TMrd Thousand, cloth, Is. Gd.

MARRIED LIFE: its Duties,

Trials, and Joys. By W. B. MACKENZIE.
M.A.

By the same Author,

In 18mo., cloth, price Is. Gd.

THE DWELLINGS OF THE

RIGHTEOUS.

Publishing monthly, 4d. ; Quarterly Parts, Is.

BIBLE CHARACTERS. Five

Numbers already published. By W. B.
MACKENZIE, M.A.

In 24mo., Eleventh Thousand, price Twopence.

POOR LETTER "H;" its

Use and Abuse, addressed to the Million. By
the HON. H. H.

In 24mo., price Twopence.

TRUE COURTESY; its

Want and Value : a Chapter for All. By SIR
JOHN COURTEOUS, KT.

London : JOHN HENRY JACKSON,
21. Paternoster Row.

462

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

CHURCH REFORM LEAGUE.
— Founded for the purpose of effecting a
thorough Conservative Reformation in the
Government of the Church.

Gentlemen willing to co-operate are re-
quested to communicate with
CHARLES HOPE, ESQ., 33. LANSDOWNE
ROAD NORTH, KENSINGTON PARK,
NOTTING HILL, LONDON.

CHURCH REFORM. —Every
alternate TUESDAY is published, price
Sixpence stamped, THE COURIER AND
CHURCH REKORM GAZETTE, advocating
an, immediate Reformation in the Church.

For the Bill of the Reform League see " THE
COURIER."

OFFICE, 16. GREAT MARLBOROUGH
STREET.

REVIEW OF THE PUBLISH-
ING SYSTEM.— For the above see
No. 6. of " The Courier and Church Reform
Gazette." Every Author should read it.

OFFICE, 16. GREAT MARLBOROUGH
STREET.

Just published, price 7s. 6d.

ERASTIANISM AND THE
CHURCH OF ENGLAND SINCE
THE REFORMATION. By the REV. J.
R. PRETYMAN, late Vicar of Aylesbury,
Bucks.

London : HOPE & CO., 16. Great Marl-
borough Street.

IMPORTANT TO AUTHORS. _ NEW
PUBLISHING ARRANGEMENTS.

HOPE & CO., Publishers, 16.
Great Marlborough Street, London,
CHARGE NO COMMISSION FOR PUB-
LISHING WORKS PRINTED BY THEM
until the Author has been refunded his original
outlay. They would also state that they print
in the first style. GREATLY UNDER THE
USUAL CHARGES ; while their Publishing
Arrangements enable them to promote the
interests of all Works entrusted to their charge.
Estimates, and every particular, furnished gra-
tuitously in course of Post.

HOPE & CO. HAVE JUST PUBLISHED.

1. THE HISTORY OF ENG-
LAND, in RHYME, from the Conquest to the
Reformation. Price 5s.

2. CHAPTERS for SCHOOL

READING and HOME THOUGHTS ; a
Sequel to the " Village School Reading Book."
By the Authoress of the "Village Schoolmis-
tress' Assistant." Price Is., or 10s. per dozen.

3. SACRED HISTORY, with

a Compendium of Ecclesiastical History, from
the Death of Christ to the Accession of Con-
stantine. Edited by the REV. J. C. CHAM-
BERS. Price 5s.

4. THOUGHTS ON SELF-

CULTURE. Addressed to Women. By
MARIA G. GREY, and her sister EMILY
SHIRHEFF, Authors of " Passion and Prin-
ciple," and " Letters from Spain and Barbary."
Second Edition. Price 7s. 6rf.

5. NEW SYSTEM OF FIX-
ING ARTIFICIAL TEETH. Illustrated.
By A. FITZPATRICK, Surgeon-Dentist,
28. Lower Grosvenor Street. Price 2s.

This work has been pronounced by the press
as the best popular exposition of the Art of
Dentistry, and Mr. Fitzpatrick as one of the
ablest practitioners of the day.

London : HOPE & CO., 16. Great Marlborough
Street.

LIBRARY OF VALUABLE BOOKS.

MR. BENTLEY will SELL by
AUCTION, in the Lecture Room of the
Natural History Society, at Worcester, on
Tuesday and Wednesday, the 30th and 31st
Days of MAY, 1854 (instead of Tuesday the
23rd, as previously announced), commencing
each morning at Eleven o'clock, A VALU-
ABLE LIBRARY of RARE and CHOICE
BOOKS, including one Copy of the First Folio
Edition of Shakspeare, London. 1623, and two
varying Copies of the Second Folio, London,
1632, with many valuable Black-letter Books in
Divinity and History.

Catalogues may be had at the Offico of the
Auctioneer, 9. Foregate Street, Worcester, one
week previous to the Sale.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

XTOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PR1T-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp.720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, Sfts.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules') can be found, and everv Micro-
scopist should add it to his library." — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

Just published, price Is., or free by post for
16 Stamps,

\ MEMOIR OF THE POET

±\. DR. WILLIAM BROOME, the Friend
.and Assistant of Pope. By T. W. BARLOW,
ESQ., F.L.S.

London : KENT & CO.
Manchester : BURGE.

MUSINGS OF A MUSICIAN.
By HENRY C. LUNN. Just published,
a new edition, whole cloth, boards, gilt, price
Ss. This entertaining work consists of a Series
of Popular Sketches. Illustrative of Musical
Matters and Musical People.

"They can scarcely fail to be appreciated

even by the most unmusical reader "

— Westminster Review.

"These musings give us the impression of
versatile ingenuity, and what is better, ingenu-
ousness on the part of the writer."— A t/ieiuvum.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bur-
Huston Street (Publishers to the Queen)-
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO. ; WHIT-
TAKER & CO. j and all Booksellers and
Musicsellers.

rpHE FAVOURITE BALLADS

A OF THE SEASON are John Parry's
Sweet Vesper Bells of Ancona, illustrated,
2s. 6d. ; and Have still some kind Word for
Me, 2s. Franz Abt's May Song, 2s. ; Morning,
2s. 6d. ; Evening, 2s. : and the Earth it loves
Rain, 2s. Kucken's The Star, 2s. ; Sweet May,
2s. ; and his celebrated song, The Tear, 2s.
Pressel's A Youth from the Summit, 2s., and
When two fond Hearts, 2s. Cherry's The
Dreams of Youth, illustrated. 2s. 6d., and Like
the Song of Birds, illustrated, 2s. 6d. Eliza
Cook's Sung of the Sailor Boy, music by Rod-
well, 2s. Harper's Truth in Absence 2s. Miss
Fricker's Fading Away, 2s. Barker's The
Lime Blossoms, illustrated, 2s. 6'/. ; and Glover's
(S.) Annie o' the Banks o' Dee, illustrated,
2s. 6d.,8i.Q.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bur-
lington Street, Music Publishers to the
Queen.

WH. HART, RECORD
• AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Branch of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS.
HATCHAM, SURREY.

A

LLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS„

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the-
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

rri

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

'HE EXHIBITION OF PHO-

I TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, liighly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

ROSS & SONS' INSTANTA-
NEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell,
the best and cheapest extant. — ROSS & SONS
have several private apartments devoted en-
tirely to Dyeing the Hair, and particularly re-
quest a visit, especially from the incredulous,
as they will undertake to dye a portion of their
hair, without charging, of any colour required,
from the lightest brown to the darkest black,
to convince them of its effect.

Sold in cases at 3s. 6c/.. 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and
20s. each case. Likewise wholesale to the
Trade by the pint, quart , or gallon.

Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bi-
shopsgate Street, Six Doors from Cornhill,
London.

fVNE THOUSAND BED-

\J STEADS TO CHOOSE FROM. —
HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises handsomely
Japanned and Brass- mounted Iron Bedsteads,
Children's Cribs and Cots of new and elegant
designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufac-
ture, many of them fitted with Furnitures,
complete. A large Assortment of Servants
and Portable Bedsteads. They have also every
variety of Furniture for the complete furnish-
ing of a Bed Room.

HEAL & SON'S n.LUSTRATED AND
PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS
AND BEDDING, sent Free by Post.

HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

463

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 20, 1854.

A LEADER FROM A FOREIGN NEWSPAPER : THE
NEW RUSSIAN MANIFESTO.

Mention was recently made, in Vol. ix., p. 218.,
of the valuable character of many of the leading
articles in the continental journals, and a wish
expressed that translations of them were more
frequently communicated in our own papers to
English readers. The great newspapers of this
country are too rich in varied talent and world-
wide resources of their own, to make it worth
their while in ordinary times to pay much atten-
tion to information and disquisition from foreign
politicians, on subjects of the day ; but the in-
finite importance to England, and to the world, of
the present warlike struggle, renders it a matter
of corresponding weight to know how far the
foreign press, in the great centres of movement
and intelligence, stand affected to Great Britain.
Perhaps, therefore, as a specimen of this kind of
writing, you will for once admit, among your
varied contents, the following article from the
Kolnische Zeitung of May 4 :

" While in England, as a preparation for war, a day
of humiliation and prayer is held, on which the Clergy
exhort the people to look into their own breasts, and
to discover and forsake those sins which might provoke
God's punishments ; while the most powerful nation
of the world commences war by humbling itself before
God, on the part of Russia a new manifesto appears,
the arrogance of which can scarcely be exceeded by any-
thing human. The Czar speaks as if he were the
representative of God upon earth. His affair is God's
affair. He carries on war for God, and for His only
begotten Son, Jesus Christ, our Saviour. God is for
him, who can be against him !

" Such a document has not proceeded from the
cabinet of any European power since the Middle Ages.
It exceeds all which even Russian diplomacy has ac-
complished, in its zeal for Christianity, during the
last century. For it is worthy of notice that nowhere
is religion so much publicly talked about, as in the
place where least of it remains, among the higher
classes in St. Petersburgh. Religion there is inter
instrumenta regni. When Catherine II. permitted her
husband Peter III. to be imprisoned, in order to rob
him of his throne and life, the cause of this was com-
municated to the Russian people on July 9, 1762, as
follows: — ' First of all, the foundation of your orthodox
Greek religion has been shaken, and its principles are
drawing near to a total overthrow ; so that we ought
to dread exceedingly lest we should see a change in
the true ruling faith transmitted from antiquity in
Russia, and a foreign religion introduced.' So wrote
Catherine II., 'the greatest of the queens, and of
the ,' the friend of Voltaire, the greatest lady-
freethinker of her age. But she wrote still farther : —
« Secondly, the honour of Russia as a state, which has

been brought to the highest pinnacle of her victorious
arms with the loss of so much blood, is actually trodden
under foot through the newly-concluded peace with her
bitterest enemy.' And who is this bitterest enemy of
the orthodox Russia? The King of Prussia, Fre-
derick II. ! Yes, the King of Prussia was once de-
clared to be the bitterest enemy of orthodox Russia ;
and nothing stands in the way but at some future time
he may again be declared to be so, just as at the de-
cree of the incorporation of the provinces of Preutzen
and Posen. The politicians of St. Petersburgh know
that the Russian people, living on in animal dulness, are
susceptible of no other intellectual impression except
a religious one ; and so, without reflection, the cross is
torn from the high altar, and used as a military signal.
Religion was employed as a pretext, in order to lead
the unhappy Poles step by step into ruin ; and Russia
was just so employed in Turkey, when the * heathen'
undertook to disturb her in her Christian work. Rise
up, therefore, orthodox nation, and fight for the true
Christian faith !

" We know not whether such a manifesto is suffi-
cient to lead the Russians willingly, like a devoutly
believing flock, in the name of Jesus Christ, to the
battle-field ; and to perish in a war projected for a
worldly purpose, to obtain the inheritance of the 'sick
man.' But we do know that the manifesto will make
no one believe throughout civilised Europe in Russia's
holy views. Nations which have learned to think,
cannot help immediately perceiving the contradiction
which prevails in this manifesto. First of all the
struggle is represented as religious, and immediately
after as political. ' England and France,' it says,
' make war on Russia, in order to deprive her of a
part of her territory.' The only logical connexion
between the two modes of statement consists in the
words — 'their object is to cause our fatherland to de-
scend from the powerful position to which the hand of
the Almighty has raised it.' And thereupon is men-
tioned ' the holy purpose which has been assigned to
Russia by divine providence.' And this holy purpose
has been no secret for a long time. ' According to the
design of providence,' wrote Peter the Great, ' the
Russian people are called to universal dominion over
Europe for the future.'

" Such a future cannot longer be averted from
Europe, except by common efforts. Prussia has come
to an understanding, as to the object in view, with the
other powers ; and when an object or purpose is sought
to be attained, the means must also be provided. To
make an impression by words and peaceful means, is
quite out of the question, after this imperial pastoral
letter, which proclaims war in the name of God and of
Jesus Christ. Force can only be repelled by force.
It was not our wish to compel our government pre-
maturely. With reference to Prussia's position, the
warlike interference of our troops was not desired until
England and France had concluded a firm alliance be-
tween themselves, and with Turkey ; and had com-
menced the war in earnest. Now, when all this has
taken place, and the thunder of cannon is roaring over
sea and land ; now, when Austria, which conceals within
herself so many more dangers, prepares, with manly
determination, to advance ; what excuse can Prussia

464

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No, 238.

have, called upon by right to the leadership ; what
excuse can she make to herself for remaining behind ?
In the Vienna protocol of April 9, Prussia has pledged
herself, beyond what we could have dared to hope,
towards the Western Powers : in the treaty with
Austria of April 20, Prussia has bound herself, in cer-
tain eventualities that may occur at any moment, to a
warlike support of Austria. Is it not, therefore, high
time for Prussia to arouse herself from her lethargy,
in order to undertake the support contracted for by
treaty ? If history teaches anywhere an evident lesson,
Prussia will find it in her own past history. Once
before Prussia promised to help Austria, and was not
able to perform her engagement. All the misfortune
by which we were attacked in 1806 is to be ascribed
to Prussia not having completed her preparations in
1805, and to her not appearing in the field before the
battle of Austerlitz. It was reported lately to be the
saying of a brave general, that when he heard the
enemies' batteries firing, it always seemed to him that
he heard his own name called out. Does not Prussia
also hear her own name loudly pronounced, in those
cannon-shots fired off in the Baltic and Black Sea for
the public law of nations by Europe's brave champions ?
By what means did the great Elector establish the
honour of the Prussian name, except by bravely taking
the field, as a model of German princes, against the
superior force of Louis XIV.? The policy, to which
the Prussian government has again pledged itself, will
be unanimously approved of by the Prussian people.
The abuse which Russia has made of the name of
Religion can deceive none, but such as are willing to
be deceived. Catholic Christendom, with the Pope
and the dignitaries of the Catholic Church in England
and France at its head, have declared which side in
this struggle is right, and which is wrong ; and Righte-
ousness is God's earthly name ! Not less have the
noblest and most pious Protestants loudly raised their
voices as witnesses to the truth, and against the com-
mon oppressor of every Christian church, even his own ;
Religion, called upon for aid, denies it to Russia ; and
political science has long since pronounced her judg-
ment, that Russia's superiority must be put an end to
by a general opposition. If Prussia would but seize
the opportunity, and proceed in the same path with
Austria, Russia's ambition might be tamed by united
Europe in one successful campaign. Now is the
favourable moment for Prussia ; and if it is not taken
advantage of, generations unborn may have cause to
rue it."

Alpha.

THE LAUNCH OF THE " PRINCE KOYAL " IN 1610.

October 20, 1608, Mr. Phineas Pette commenced
the " Prince Royal," which was launched in 1610.
The keel of this " most goodly shippe for warre "
was 114 feet long, and the cross-beam 44 feet in
length, and she carried three score and four pieces
of great ordnance, and was of the burden of 1400
tons. On the 8 th of May, 1609, the king pre-
sided at the trial of Pette at Woolwich for insuf-

ficiency, during which Pette sat on his knees,
" baited by the great lord (Northampton) and his
bandogs;" and after the ship had been inspected
by the king and his party, Mr. Pette was acquitted
of the charges brought against him. The prince
visited the ship on the 30th of January, 1609,
25th of April, 18th of June, and again the follow-
ing day, with the king, and on the 24th of Sep-
tember it was launched. It is stated that the
garnishing of the ship began between Easter and
Michaelmas, and that the number of nobles,
gentry, and citizens, resorting continually to
Woolwich to see it, was incredible. On the 9th
of September, divers London maids, with a little
boy with them, visited the ship; the boy fell down
into the hold, and died the same night from the
effects of his fall, being the first accident during
the building. About the middle of the month, the
ship being ready to be placed on the ways, twelve
choice master carpenters of his Majesty's navy
were sent for from Chatham to assist in " her
striking and launching;" on the 18th she was
safely set upon her ways, and on the 26th was
visited by the French ambassador. Preparations
were made in the yard for the reception of the
king, queen, royal children, ladies, and the
council ; and on the evening of the 23rd, a mes-
senger was sent from Theobalds, desiring the ship
to be searched, lest any disaffected persons might
have bored holes privily in her bottom. On
Monday 24th, the dock gates were opened ; but the
wind blowing hard from the south-west, it proved
a very bad tide. The king came from Theobalds,
though he had been very little at ease with a
scouring, taken with surfeiting by eating grapes,
the prince and most of the lords of the council
attending him. The queen arrived after dinner,
and the lord admiral gave commandment to heave
taught the crabs and screws, though Pette says he
had little hope to launch by reason the wind over-
blew the tide ; " yet the ship started and had
launched, but the dock gates pent her in so
straight, that she stuck fast between them, by
reason the ship was nothing lifted by the tide, as
we. expected she would ; and the great lighter, by
unadvised counsel, being cut off the stern, the
ship settled so hard upon the ground, that there
was no possibility of launching that tide ; besides
which there was such a multitude of people got
into the ship, that one could scarce stir by
another."

" The king was much grieved at the frustrate of
his expectation," and returned to Greenwich at
five o'clock with the queen and her train ; the
prince staid a good while after conferring with
the lord admiral and Mr. Pette, and then rode off
to Greenwich, with a promise to return shortly
after midnight. The night was moonlight, but
shortly after midnight became very stormy, which
Mr. Pette says made him " doubt that there were

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

465

some indirect working among our enemies to dash
our launching."

The prince however arrived at the yard, went
on board a little before two a. m., when the word
being given to get all taught, the ship went away
without any straining of screws or tackles, till she
came clear afloat in the middle of the channel.
He then describes the christening of her by the
prince, by the name of the " Prince Royal "; and
while warping to her mooring, his royal highness
went down to the platform of the cock-room,
where the ship's beer stood for ordinary company,
and there finding an old can without a lid, drew
it full of beer himself, and drank it off to the lord
admiral, and caused him with the rest of the at-
tendants to do the like. The hawsers laid ashore
for landfasts had been treacherously cut, but with-
out doing any injury to the ship. The prince left
for Greenwich at nine a. m. J. H. P.

"notes and queries on the ormulum, BT DR.
monicke" (Programm der Handels-Lehranstalt
zu Leipzig, 1853).

Under the above title, Dr. Monicke has pub-
lished what are considered by a foreign critic
some valuable observations on the admirable
Oxford edition (by Dr. Meadows White) of The
Ormulum, an Anglo-Saxon work, now first edited
from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library.
The attention of the readers of " N. & Q.," who
are occupied in the study of the Anglo-Saxon,
with its cognate dialects, and direct descendant,
will be doubly attracted by a title with which they
are so familiar, and which is associated with some
of the happiest and most peaceful moments of
their life. The title of the Essay (which I have
not yet seen, and which appears to be written in
English) seems to be entirely the choice of the
author, and must be somewhat flattering to the
Editor of the original " N. & Q." J. M.

Oxford.

[We have received, with something like a sense of
neglected duty, this notice of The Ormulum, now first
edited from the Original Manuscript in the Bodleian ;
with Notes and a Glossary by Robert Meadows White,
D.D., late Fellow of St. Mary Magdalene College, and
formerly Professor of Anglo- Saxon in the University of
Oxford, 2 vols. 8vo. The fact is, we have long in-
tended to call attention to this book, alike creditable
to the scholastic acquirements of Dr. White, and to
the authorities of the Oxford press; but have from
week to week postponed doing so, that we might enter
at some length into the history of The Ormulum, and
a notice of the labour of its editor. In the mean time
Dr. White's labours have received from foreign scholars
that recognition which his countrymen have been too
tardy in offering Ed."N. & Q."]

THE LEGEND OE THE SEVEN SISTERS.

Will the Editor of " N. & Q.," or any of his cor-
respondents, kindly inform me of the true circum-
stances from which the following legend has sprung ?
The locality which was the scene of the tragedy is
the little village of Ballybunion, situated within a
few miles of Kerry Head. The scenery around
is of the wildest and most striking description.
Frowning, rugged cliffs, rising abruptly out of the
water to the height of over one hundred feet, and
perforated with numerous caves, into which the
ocean rushes with fearful fury in winter, — for it is a
stormy coast, and rarely does a month pass without
beholding some dead, putrified body washed ashore ;
while inland, a barren, uncultivated plain, con-
sisting mostly of bog, stretches away to nearly the
foot of the Reeks, which, looming in the distance,
seem to rear their giant masses even to the sky,
and form, as it were, an impenetrable barrier be-
tween the coast and the interior. On the brink of
one of those precipices we have mentioned, there
stands the ruins of a castle, seemingly of great
antiquity. Nothing now remains but the basement
storey, and that seems as if it would be able to
withstand the war of winds and waves for hundreds
of years longer. According to the legend, this
castle was inhabited by a gallant chieftain at the
period of the incursions of the Danes, and who was
the father of seven blooming daughters. He was
himself a brave warrior, animated with the greatest
hatred against the Ostmen, who, at that period,
were laying every part of Erin waste. His sword
never rested in its sheath, and day and night his
light gallies cruised about the coast on the watch
for any piratical marauder who might turn his
prow thither. One day a sail was observed on the
horizon ; it came nearer and nearer, and the pirate
standard was distinguished waving from its mast-
head. Immediately surrounded by the Irish ships,
it was captured after a desperate resistance. Those
that remained of the crew were slaughtered and
thrown into the sea, with the exception of the
captain and his six brothers, who were reserved
for a more painful death. Conveyed to the fortress,
their wounds were dressed, and they were allowed
the free range of the castle. Here, gradually a
love sprung between them and the seven Irish
maidens, who yielded to their ardent protestations,
and agreed to fly with them to Denmark. Every-
thing was arranged for the voyage, and one fear-
fully stormy night in winter was chosen for the
attempt. Not a single star shone in the sky, the
cold blast came sweeping from the ocean, the rain
fell in torrents, and the water roared and raged
with terrific violence amid the rocky caverns.
Escaping down from the battlement by a rope-
ladder, they discovered to their horror, that on
reaching the ground they were surrounded by
armed men. Not a word was uttered ; but they

466

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

well knew into whose bands they had fallen. Con-
ducted again within the fortress, they found them-
selves face to face with their injured father. One
deadly glance of hatred he cast on the prisoners,
and, muttering some few words to one of his at-
tendants, he pointed towards his daughters. The
man, on receiving the command, recoiled a few
paces, transfixed with horror; and then he advanced
nearer, and seemed as if remonstrating with him.
But the parent's face assumed an absolutely de-
moniac expression; and more peremptorily repeat-
ing his order, he stalked out of the room. And
now commenced a fearful scene. The lovers were
torn from each other's arms, and the women were
brought forth again. The storm had grown more
violent, and the spray was dashing far over the
cliff", whilst the vivid flashes of lightning afforded
a horrible illumination to the dreary scene. Pro-
ceeding along the brink of the precipice, they at
length came to a chasm which resembled somewhat
the crater of a volcano, as it was completely closed,
with the exception of the opening at the top, and
one small aperture below, through which the sea
rushed with terrible violence. The rolling of the
waters sounded fearfully on the ear of those around,
and now at length the sisters divined their fate.
One by one they were hurled into the boiling flood:
one wild shriek, the billows closed again, and all
was over. What the fate of their lovers was, the
legend says not. The old castle has crumbled into
ruins — the chieftain sleeps in an unknown grave,
his very name forgotten ; but still the sad ending
of the maidens is remembered, and even unto this
day the cavern is denominated the " Cave of the
Seven Sisters." Such is the above legend as it
still exists amongst the peasantry, and any of your
contributors would extremely oblige by informing
me of the name of the Irish leader.

George or Munstee.
Queen's College, Cork.

fflinav $utr<S.

Coincidences.

" Jejunus raro stomachus vulgaria temnit."

Hor. Sat. 2.
" A hungry dog eats dirty pudding."

" Dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt."

Hor. Sat. 1.
" He misses one post, and runs his head against t'other."

" XeXitioiv tap ov iroie?." — Arist. Eth., i. 7.
" One swallow don't make a summer."

J. H. B.

The English Liturgy. —

" It is deserving of notice, that although Dr. Beattie
had been brought up a member of the Presbyterian
Church of Scotland, and regularly attended her wor-

ship and ordinances when at Aberdeen, he yet gave
the most decided preference to the Church of England,
generally attending the service of that Church when
anywhere from home, and constantly when at Peter-
head. He spoke with enthusiasm of the beauty, sim-
plicity, and energy of the English Liturgy, especially
of the Litany, which he declared to be the finest piece
of uninspired composition in any language." — Life of
Dr. Beattie, by Sir W. Forbes, Bart., vol. iii. p. 168.
note.

J. M.

Oxford.

" To jump for joy." — This expression, now most
often used figuratively, was probably in the olden
time a plain and literal description of an actual
fact. The Anglo-Norman Poem on the Conquest
of Ireland by Henry II., descriptive of events
which occurred at the close of the twelfth century,
informs us (at p. 53.) that one of the English
knights, named Maurice de Prendergast, being
desirous of returning with his followers to Wales,
was impeded in his march by "les traitres de
Weyseford;" and that this so much provoked
him, that he tendered his services to the King of
Ossory, who —

" De la novele esteit heistez,^
E de joie saili a pes."

This expression, " saili a, pes," is translated in
the Glossary "rose upon feet;" but the more
correct rendering of it appears to me to be that of
jumping or dancing for joy. James F. Ferguson.
Dublin.

" What is Truth?" — Bacon begins his "Essay
of Truth" (which is dated 1625) with these words :

" What is truth ? said jesting Pilate, and would not
stay for an answer. Certainly, there be that delight
in giddiness, and count it a bondage to fix a belief;
affecting freewill in thinking, as well as in acting."

There is a similar passage in Bishop Andrews's
sermon Of the Resurrection, preached in 1613:

"Pilate asked, Quid est Veritas? And then some
other matter took him in the head, and so up he rose,
and went his way, before he had his answer ; he de-
served never to find what truth was. And such is our
seeking mostwhat, seldom or never seriously, but some
question that comes cross our brain for the present,
some quid est Veritas ? So sought as if that we sought
were as good lost as found. Yet this we would fain
have so for seeking, but it will not be."

Perhaps Bacon heard the bishop preach (the
sermon was at Whitehall) ; and if so, the passage
in Andrews will explain the word "jesting" to
mean, not scoffing, but asking without serious pur-
pose of acquiring information. J. A. H.

Abolition of Government Patronage. — The fol-
lowing passage, from Dr. Middleton's Dedication
of the Life of Cicero to Lord Keeper Hervey, is

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

467

interesting as showing the enlightened sentiments
of an eminent scholar a hundred years ago when
addressing a minister of the crown :

" Human nature lias ever been the same in all ages
and nations, and owes the difference of its improve-
ments to a difference only of culture, and of the re-
wards proposed to its industry ; where these are the
most amply provided, there we shall always find the
most numerous and shining examples of human per-
fection. In old Rome, the public honours were laid
open to the virtue of every citizen ; which, by raising
them in their turns to the command of that mighty
empire, produced a race of nobles superior even to
kings. This was a prospect that filled the soul of the
ambitious, and roused every faculty of mind and body
to exert its utmost force ; whereas, in modern states,
men's views being usually confined to narrow bounds,
beyond which they cannot pass, and a partial culture
of their talents being sufficient to procure everything
that their ambition can aspire to, a great genius has
seldom either room or invitation to stretch itself to its
full size."

Alpha.

Oxford.

$fi,inav (Siuzxicg.

" One New Years Day." — An old lady used
to amuse my childhood by singing a song com-
mencing —

" One New Year's day, as I've heard say,
Dick mounted on his dappled grey," &c.

The rest I forget, but I should be glad to know if
it is extant, and what is known of its origin, &c.
G. William Skyking.
Somerset House.

Greek denounced by the Monks. —

"Almost the time (a.d. 1530) when the monks
preached in their sermons to the people to beware of
a new tongue of late discovered, called the Greek, and
the mother of all heresies." — Foreign Quarterly for
October, 1842, No. 59. p. 137.

Can any of your readers give references to such
passages in Monkish sermons ? Cpl.

Pliny s Dentistry. — As your journal has be-
come the repository of so many novel and in-
teresting/acte, I trust that the following data will
be found acceptable to the readers of " N". & Q."
Having had occasion, of late, to look over the
works of Pliny, I was struck with the extent to
which this ancient naturalist and philosopher has
carried his researches on the above subject ; as, in
some editions, the Index of the article Dentes
occupies several closely-printed columns. He
recommends tooth-powder (dentifricia) of harts-
horn, pumice-stone, burnt nitre, Lapis Arabus,
the ashes of" shells, as well as several ludicrous
substances, in accordance with the mystic preju-

dices of the age. Amongst the remedies for fixing
(Jirmare) teeth, he mentions Inula, Acetum Scil-
linum, Radix Lapathi sativi, vinegar ; and loose
teeth are to be fixed by Philidonia, Veratrum
nigrum, and a variety of other remedies, amongst
which some are most rational, and tend to prove
that more attention was paid to the physiological
(hygeistic) department relating to that portion of
the human body than we have been hitherto aware
of, as even the most recent works on Dentistry do
not mention these facts. Geobge Hates.

Conduit Street.

J. Farrington, R.A. — Having recently met with
some views by J. Farrington, R.A., without a
description of the locality, I shall be obliged by
your insertion of a Query respecting information
of what views were executed by this painter, with
their localities, in or about the year 1789. As I
am informed that those above referred to belong
to this neighbourhood, and therefore would be
invested with interest to me, I could ascertain
their locality with precision.

John Nukse Chadwick.

King's Lynn.

Henry Crewkerne, of Exeter, " Captain of
Dragoons, descended from Crewkerne, of Crew-
kerne, in Devonshire," died at Carlow in Feb.
1664-5. Was he descended from Crewkerne of
Chilhay, Dorset ? His pedigree would be very
acceptable. Y. S. M .

Dr. Joknson. — Johnson says somewhere that
he never was in a tight place but once, and that
was when he had a mad bull by the tail. Had he
held on, he said he would have been dragged to
death over a stubble field ; while if had not held on,
the bull would have gored him to death. Now
my Query is, what did Dr. Johnson do, hold on
or let go ? G. M. B.

Latin " Dante" — Is there not a literal Latin
prose translation of Dante, somewhat rhythmical ?
Has not Stillingfleet cited it in the Origines ?
If so, where is its corpus ? And in what form,
MS. or printed ? Of metrical Latin versions
there are several beside those of the Jesuit Carlo
d' Aquino and Piazza. The Query is as to the

prose

Philip Aske.

Ralph Bosvill, of Bradbourn, Kent, Clerk of the
Court of Wards, married first, Anne, daughter of
Sir Richard Clement, and widow of John Cas-
tillon, by whom he had five children. He married
secondly, Benedicta Skinner, by whom he had six
children. This I have taken from the Visitations
of Kent. In Harl. MS. 5532.152, he is said to
have had another son Ralph, "slain in Ireland."
This Ralph was his son, and I wish to discover by
which wife, as the entry above-mentioned in the

468

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

MSS. is of a much later date than the body of it.
He had, I think, two other sons at least, who are
not in the books, namely, Godfrey and William.
The name is sometimes called " Boswell." Was
the younger Ralph's wife, Mary, daughter of
Alveray Copley of Eatley ? Y. S. M.

Major- General Wolfe. — The following MS. is
advertised for sale. Is anything known con-
cerning it ?

" A Copy of Orders written by Major- General Woolfe ;
an important unpublished Historical MS. This
valuable collection commences with • General
Orders to be observed by a regiment on their
arrival in Scotland, 174S.' At p. 55. begin
'Orders by Major-General Woolfe in America:
Halifax, April 30, 1759.' They continue dated
from Louisburg, Point Orleans, Montmorenci,
Cape Rouge, &c, to the last, which is dated on
board the Sutherland, off St. Nicholas, Sept. 12th,
the day before the scaling the heights of Abraham ;
no doubt the last issued by Woolfe, as on that
day (13th) he fell in battle. There is no clue in
the MS. to its compiler; it consists of 103 pages
4to„ beautifully written, with MS. Plan of Order
of Battle, of the army commanded by General
Woolfe in America, 17S9. It is believed that no
printed copy exists of these valuable papers, which
are of the highest importance to the Historian, as
a slight extract will show. Small 4to., calf.

« Sept. 12. The Sutherland, at anchor off St. Ni-
cholas : — The enemies' forces are not divided ;
great scarcity of provisions in the camp, and
universal discontent amongst the Canadians.
The second officer in command is gone to
Montreal or St. John's, which gives reason to
think that Governor Amherst is advancing into
that colony. A vigorous blow struck by the
army at this juncture might determine the fate
of Canada. Our troops below are ready to
join us; all the light infantry and tools are
embarked at the Point of Levi, and the troops
will land where the enemy seems least to expect
it.'"

J. Balch.
Philadelphia.

Custom at University College, Oxford. — What
is the origin of the following custom observed at
this college ? On every Easter Sunday the repre-
sentation of a tree, dressed with evergreens and
flowers, is placed on a turf, close to the buttery, and
every member there resident, as he leaves the Hall,
after dinner, chops at the tree with a cleaver. The
collejre-cook stands by holding a plate, in which
the Master deposits half a guinea, each Fellow five
shillings, and the other members two shillings and
sixpence each : this custom is called " chopping at
the tree." When was this custom instituted, and
to what circumstance are we to attribute its origin ?
WTho presented to the chapel of this College the
splendid eagle, as a lectern, which forms one of its

chief ornaments ? Was it presented by Dr. Rad-
cliffe, or does it date its origin from the happy reign
of Queen Mary ? M. A.

" Old Dominion." — It is stated in a newspaper
that the term " Old Dominion," generally applied
here to the state of Virginia, originated from the
following facts. During the Protectorate of
Cromwell the colony of Virginia refused to ac-
knowledge his authority, and sent to Flanders for
Charles II. to reign over them. Charles accepted,
and was about to embark, when he was recalled to
the throne of England. Upon his accession, as a
reward for her loyalty, he allowed the colony to
quarter the arms of England, Ireland, and Scot-
land, as an independent member of the " Old
Dominion : " whence the term. What truth is
there in this story ? Penn.

" Wise men labour" $~c. —

On the fly-leaf of Sir Roger Twysden's copy of
Stow's Annates are the following lines, dated 1643 :
" Wise men labour, good men grieve,
Knaves devise, and fooles believe ;
Help, Lord ! and now stand to us,
Or fooles and knaves will quite undoe us,
Or knaves and fooles will quite undoe us."

From whence are these lines taken ? L. B. L.

ttinat fautritg im'tft &u£men>\

Dame Hester Temple. — "Lady Temple lived
to see seven hundred of her own descendants : she
had thirteen children." I have extracted this
"sea-serpent" from an extract in Burke from
Fuller's Worthies, but I am unable to refer to the
original for confirmation of this astounding fact :
if true it is wonderful. Y. S. M.

[Fuller's amusing account of Dame Hester Templo
will be found in his Worthies of Buckinghamshire, vol. 5.
p. 210. edit. 1840. He says : " Dame Hester Temple,
daughter to Miles Sands, Esq., was born at Latmos in
this county, and was married to Sir Thomas Temple,
of Stow, Baronet. She had four sons and nine
daughters, which lived to be married, and so exceed-
ingly multiplied, that this lady saw seven hundred
extracted from her body. Reader, I speak within
compass, and have left myself a reserve, having bought
the truth hereof by a wager I lost. Besides, there
was a new generation of marriageable females just at
her death ; so that this aged vine may be said to
wither, even when it had many young boughs ready
to knit.

" Had I been one of her relations, and as well
enabled as most of them be, T would have erected a
monument for her — thus designed. A fair tree should
have been erected, the said lady and her husband lying
at the bottom or root thereof; the heir of the family
should have ascended both the middle and top bough
thereof. On the right hand hereof her younger sons,

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

469

on the left her daughters, should, as so many houghs,
be spread forth. Her grandchildren should have their
names inscribed on the branches of those boughs ; the
great-grandchildren on the twigs of those branches ;
the great-great-grandchildren on the leaves of those
twigs. Such as survived her death should be done in
a lively green, the rest (as blasted) in a pale and yellow
fading colour.

" Pliny, lib. vii. cap. 13., (who reports it as a wonder
worthy the chronicle, that Chrispinus Hilarus, prceiata
pompa, ' with open ostentation,' sacrificed in the capitol
seventy-four of his children and children's children
attending on him,) would more admire, if admitted to
this spectacle.

«' Vives telleth us of a village in Spain, of about an
hundred houses, whereof all the inhabitants were issued
from one certain old man who then lived, when as that
village was so peopled, so as the name of propinquity,
how the youngest of the children should call him,
could not be given.* ' Lingua enim nostra supra
abavum non ascendit;' ('Our language,' saith he,
meaning the Spanish, ' affords not a name above the
great-grandfather's father'). But, had the offspring of
this lady been contracted into one place, they were
enough to have peopled a city of a competent propor-
tion, though her issue was not so long in succession, as
broad in extent.

" I confess very many of her descendants died before
her death ; in which respect she was far surpassed by
a Roman matron, on which the poet thus epitapheth it,
in her own person f :

* Viginti atque novem, genitrici Callicratece,

Nullius sexus mors mihi visa fuit.
Sed centum et quinque erplevi bene messibus annos,
In tremulam baculo non subeunte tnanum.'

* Twenty-nine births Callicrate I told,
And of both sexes saw none sent to grave,
I was an hundred and five winters old,
Yet stay from staff my hand did never crave.'

Thus, in all ages, God bestoweth personal felicities on
some far above the proportion of others. The Lady
Temple died a.d. 1656."]

Samuel White. — In Bishop Horsley's Biblical
Criticism, he refers several times to a Samuel
White, whom he speaks of in terms of contempt,
and calls him, in one place, " that contemptible
ape of Grotius ;" and in another, "so dull a man."
Query, who was this Mr. White, and what work
did he publish ? I. E. E.

[Samuel White, M.A., was a Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge, and Chaplain to the Earl of Port-
land. His work, so severely criticised by Bishop
Horsley, is entitled A Commentary on the Prophet
Isaiah, wherein the literal Sense of his Prophecies is
briefly explained: London, 4to., 1709. In his Dedi-
cation he says : " I have endeavoured to set in a true
light one of the most difficult parts of Holy Scripture,

* In Comment upon 8th chapter of lib. xv. de Civi-
tate Dei.

f Ausonius, Epitaph. Heroum, num. 34.

following the footsteps of the learned Grotius as far as
I find him in the right ; but taking the liberty to leave
him where I think him wide of the prophet's mean-
ing-"]

Heralds College. — Are the books in the Heralds'
College open to the public on payment of reason-
able fees ? Y. S. M.

[The fee for a search is 5s. ; that for copying of
pedigrees is 6s. 8d. for the first, and 5s. for every other
generation. A general search is 11. 2s. The hours of
attendance are from ten till four.]

Pope. — Where, in Pope's Works, does the pas-
sage occur which is referred to as follows by
Eichter in his Gronlandische Prozesse, vol. i. ?

" Pope vom Menschen (eigentlich vom Manne)
sagt, ' Er tritt auf, um sich einmal umzusehen, und
zu sterben.' "

A. E.

Aberdeen.

[" Awake, my St. John ! leave all meaner things
To low ambition, and the pride of kings.
Let us (since life can little more supply
Than just to look about us, and to die')
Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man."

Essay on Man, Epist. i. 1. 1 — 5.]

BLANCO WHITE'S SONNET.

(Vol. vii., pp. 404. 486.)
This sonnet first appeared in The Bijou, an
annual published by Pickering in 1828. It is en-
titled :

" NIGHT AND DEATH.

A Sonnet: dedicated to S. T. Coleridge, Esq., by his
sincere friend Joseph Blanco White.

Mysterious night, when the first man but knew
Thee by report, unseen, and heard thy name,
Did he not tremble for this lovely frame,
This glorious canopy of light and blue?

Yet 'neath a curtain of translucent dew,
Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame,
Hesperus, with the host of heaven, came,
And lo ! creation widen'd on his view.

Who could have thought what darkness lay con-
cealed
Within thy beams, O Sun ? Or who could find,

Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect stood reveal'd,
That to such endless orbs thou mad'st us blind?
Weak man ! Why to shun death this anxious strife ?
If light can thus deceive, wherefore not life ?"

In a letter from Coleridge to White, dated
Nov. 28, 1827, he thus speaks of it :

" I have now before me two fragments of letters
begun, the one in acknowledgment of the finest and
most graceful sonnet in our language (at least, it is
only in Milton's and Wordsworth's sonnets that I

470

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

recollect any rival, and this is not my judgment alone,
but that of the man k<xt' i^oxh" <pi\6ita.\ov, John Hook-
ham Frere), the second on the receipt of your ' Letter
to Charles Butler,'" &c.

In a subsequent letter, without date, Coleridge
thus again reverts to the circumstance of its
having been published without his or White's
sanction :

" But first of your sonnet. On reading the sen-
tences in your letter respecting it, I stood staring
vacantly on the paper, in a state of feeling not unlike
that which I have too often experienced in a dream :
when I have found myself in chains, or in rags,
shunned, or passed by, with looks of horror blended with
sadness, by friends and acquaintance ; and convinced
that, in some alienation of mind, I must have perpe-
trated some crime, which I strove in vain to recollect.
I then ran down to Mrs. Gillman, to learn whether
she or Mr. Gillman could throw any light on the sub-
ject. Neither Mr. nor Mrs. Gillman could account
for it. I have repeated the sonnet often, but, to the
best of my recollection, never either gave a copy to
any one, or permitted any one to transcribe it ; and as
to publishing it without your consent, you must allow
me to say the truth : I had felt myself so much flat-
tered by your having addressed it to me, that I should
have been half afraid that it would appear to be asking
to have my vanity tickled, if I had thought of applying
to you for permission to publish it. Where and when
did it appear ? If you will be so good as to inform
me, I may perhaps trace it out : for it annoys me to
imagine myself capable of such a breach of confidence
and of delicacy."

In his Journal, October 16 [1838?], Blanco
White says :

" In copying out my ' Sonnet on Night and Death'
for a friend, I have made some corrections. It is now
as follows :

' Mysterious Night ! when our first parent knew
Thee from report divine, and heard thy name,
Did he not tremble for this lovely frame,
This glorious canopy of light and blue ?

Yet 'neatti a curtain of translucent dew,

Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame,
Hesperus with the Host of Heaven came,
And lo ! creation widen'd in man's view.

Who could have thought such darkness lay conceal'd
Within thy beams, O Sun ! or who could find,
Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect stood reveal'd,
That to such countless orbs thou mad'st us blind !

Why do we then shun death, with anxious strife?
If light can thus deceive, wherefore not life ? ' "

S. W. Singer.

GOLOSHES.

(Vol. ix., p. 304.)

This word, Seleucus says, " is of course of
American derivation." By no means : it is found
in German, gallosche or gallusche ; and in French,

galoche or galtoche. The word itself most likely
conies to us from the French. The dictionaries
refer to Spenser as using it under the form galage ;
and it occurs written galege, galosh, calosh, &c.
The French borrowed the term from the Latin
Gallicce; but the Bomans first derived the idea
and the thing itself from Gaul, Gallicce denoting
Gallic or Gaulish shoes. Cicero speaks of the
Gallica? with contempt. — "Cum calceis et toga,
nullis nee gallicis nee lacerna;" and asrain, "Cum
gallicis et lacerna cucurristi" {Philip, ii. 30.).
Blount, in his Law Dictionary (1670), gives the
following, which refers to one very early use of
the term in this country :

■ Galege (galicice), from the French galloches, which
signified of old a certain shoe worn by the Gauls in
foul weather, as at present the signification with us does
not much differ. It is mentioned 4 Edw. IV. cap. 7.,
and 14 & 15 Hen. VIII. cap. 9."

Therefore the thing itself and the word were
known among us before America was discovered.
As it regards the Latin word Gallica?, I only know
of its use by Cicero, Tertullian, and A. Gellius.
The last-named, in the Nodes Attica?, gives the
following anecdote and observations relating to
this word. T. Castricius, a teacher of rhetoric at
Borne, observing that some of his pupils were, on
a holiday, as he deemed, unsuitably attired, and
shod (soleati) with gallica? (galloches, sabots,
wooden shoes or clogs), he expressed in strong
terms his disapprobation. He stated it to be un-
worthy of their rank, and referred to the above-
cited passage from Cicero. Some of his hearers
inquired why he called those soleati who wore
goloshes (gallica?} and not shoes (soleo?). The
expression is justified by a statement which suffi-
ciently describes the goloshes, viz., that they call
solea? (shoes) all those which cover only the lower
portions of the foot, and are fastened with straps.
The author adds :

" I think that gallica: is a new word, which was
begun to be used not long before Cicero's time, there-
fore used by him in the Second of the Antonians.
' Cum gallicis,' says he, 'et lacerna cucurristi.' Nor do
I read it in any other writer of authority, but other
words are employed."

The Bomans named shoes after persons and
places as we do : for examples, see Dr. W. Smith's
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, sub
voc. " Calceus." B. II. C.

Poplar.

This word is not of American derivation. In
the Promptorium Parvulorum we find, —

" Gal ache or Galoche, undersolynge of manny's
fote."
Mr. Way says in his note :

" The galache was a sort of patten, fastened to the
foot by cross latchets, and worn by men as early as the

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

471

time of Edward III. Allusion is made to it by
Chaucer,

4 Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche.'

Squires Talc, 10,869."

Among many other quotations Mr. Way gives the
following :

" To geten hytn gilte spores,
Or galoches y-couped."

Piers Ploughman, 12,099.

And in the Wardrobe Book of Prince Henry,
A.». 1607, are mentioned —

"1 pair of golossians, 6s. ; 16 gold buckles with
pendants and toungs to buckle a pair of golosses." —
Archceol. xi. 93.

Nares says :

" Gal age. A clown's coarse shoe, from galloche, a
shoe with a wooden sole, old French, which itself is
supposed to be from, gallica, a kind of shoe mentioned
by Cicero, Philip, ii. SO., and A. Gellius, xiii. 21. If
so, the word has returned to the country whence it was
first taken, but I doubt much of that derivation ; by
the passages referred to in the above authors, it seems
more likely that the gallica was a luxurious covering,
than one so very coarse as the galloche. Perhaps the
caliga, or military strong boot of the Romans, from
■which Caligula was named, may be a better origin for
it. The word galloche is now naturalised among us
for a kind of clog, worn over the shoes."

See also Richardson's Dictionary, 3. v. " Galoche."

Zeus.

Seletjcus need not have gone quite so far as to
" the tribe of North American Indians, the Go-
loshes," or to America at all, for his derivation.
If he will look in his French dictionary he will
find, —

" Galoche (espece de mule que Ton porte par dessus
les souliers), galoshoe."

I quote from Bover's Dictionnaire Royal, edit.
1753.

Cole, in his English dictionary, 1724, has —

" Galeges, galages, galloches, galloshoes, Fr., wooden
shoes all of a piece. With us outward shoes or cases
for dirty weather, &c."

C. DE D.

CONSONANTS IN WELSH.

(Vol.ix., p. 271.)
For the gratification of your correspondent
J. M., I give you the result of an enumeration
of the letters and sounds in three versions of the
Hundredth Psalm in Welsh, and three correspond-
ing versions of it in English.

1. From the authorised translations of the Bible,
Welsh and English.

2. The metrical version of Tate and Brady, and
that of Archdeacon Prys.

3. Dr. Watts' s metrical version and a Welsh
imitation of it.

Letters in three Welsh Versions.

Bible. Prys. Watts.

Consonants -
Vowels -

Apparent excess of "I
consonants in Welsh J

185
148

37

205
165

40

241
159

82

Letters in three English Versions.

Bible. Tate % Brady. Watts.

Consonants - 220 271 275

Vowels - - - 134 163 170

86

108

Apparent excess of "1
consonants in English J

Sounds in three Welsh Versions.
Bible. Prys.

Consonants - - - 150 173

Vowels - - - 148 165

105

:}

Real excess of conso
nants in Welsh

Sounds in three English Versions.
Bible. Tate §> Brady.
Consonants - - - 195 241

Vowels - - - 122 149

Real excess of conso-
nants in English

73

92

From this analysis it appears that the excess of
consonant letters over vowels is, in English, 299 ;
and in Welsh, 159, a little more than one-half.
The excess of consonant sounds is, in English, 246 ;
in Welsh, 51, considerably less than one-fourth.

This result might readily have been anticipated
by anybody familiar with the following facts :

1. On examining lists of the elementary sounds
of both languages, it will be found that the Welsh
has a greater number of vowels than the English,
and the English a greater number of consonants
than the Welsh.

2. Welsh diphthongs are much more numerous
than English.

3. In English, three vowels only constitute words
in themselves (a, article ; 7, pronoun ; O, interjec-
tion), and each is used only in one sense. In
Welsh, five of the vowels (a, e, i, o, y) are words;
and they are used in at least a dozen different
significations. A, besides being an affirmative and
interrogative adverb, answers to the English and,
as, with, will go.

4. Diphthongs forming distinct words are much
more numerous in Welsh than in English. The
following occur : ai, a'i (=a ei) d'u, ei, eu, ia, Jie,
I'm, oV, o'u, ow, wy, yw.

5. In Welsh there are no such clusters of con-
sonants as occur in the English words arched

472

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

(pronounced artshi), parched, scorched, marched,
hinged (hindzhd), singed, cringed, fringed, purged
(purdzhd), charged (tshardzhd), scratched, &c. &c.
From the difficulty encountered in pronouncing
some of these combinations, arise the vulgar errors
heard in some parts of the country : burstis for
bursts, castis for casts. Three consonants are very
rarely thus crushed together in Welsh, — four,
never.

6. The Welsh, to avoid an unpleasant hiatus,
often introduce a consonant. Hence we have y
or yr, the ; a or ac, and ; a or ag, as ; na or nac,
not ; na or nag, than ; sy or sydd, is ;. o, from, be-
comes odd ; i, to, becomes idd. I cannot call to
mind more than one similar example in English,
a or an ; and its existence is attributable to the
superfluity of consonants, n being dropped in a,
not added in an.

The mystery of the consonants in the swearing
Welshman's mouth (humorously described by
Messrs. Chambers) is difficult of explanation.
The words usual in Welsh oaths afford no clue
to its solution ; for the name of the Deity has
two consonants and one vowel in English, while
it has two vowels and one consonant in Welsh.
Another name invoked on these occasions has
three consonants and two vowels in English, and
one of* the vowels is usually elided ; in Welsh it
has three vowels and three consonants, and collo-
quially the middle consonant is dropped. The
Welsh borrow a few imprecatory words from the
English, and in appropriating them they append
the vowel termination o or io. Prejudice or ima-
gination, therefore, seems to have had something
to do in describing poor Taffy's profanities.

In conclusion, I may add that the Hundredth
Psalm was chosen for analysis without a previous
knowledge that it would present a greater excess
of consonants (letters or sounds) in English than
in Welsh. I do not believe two chapters from the
Bible can be produced, which will show an oppo-
site result. Gwilym Glan Tywi.

There is no k in the Welsh alphabet, a circum-
stance which reduces the consonants to twenty ;
while a farther reduction is made by the fact that
w and y are always vowels in Welsh, instead of
being only occasionally so, as in English. J. M.
will therefore find that the Welsh alphabet con-
tains but eighteen consonants and seven vowels,
twenty-five letters in all.

This, however, I imagine, is not the point on
which he wishes for information. If a stranger
glances at a page of Welsh without being aware
that y and w are, strictly speaking, vowels, he will
of course naturally conclude that he sees an over
proportion of consonants. Hence, probably, has
arisen the very general idea on the subject, which
is perhaps strengthened by the frequent occur-
rence of the double consonants LI and Dd, the

first of which is but a sign, standing for a peculiar
softening of the letter ; and the latter for the Th
of the English language.

Such an idea might perhaps be conveyed by the
following instances, taken at random : Dywyll,
Dydd, Gwyddna, Llwyn, Gwyrliw, &c. But it will
be dispelled by an orthography adapted to the
pronunciation ; thus : Dou-ill*, Deeth, Goo-eeth-
na, Lloo-een, Gueer-leeoo.

3. M. will be interested to know that the Welsh
language can furnish almost unexampled instances
of an accumulation of vowels, such as that fur-
nished by the word ieuainc, young men, &c. ; but
above all by the often-quoted englyn or stanza on
the spider or silkworm, which, in its four lines,
does not contain a single consonant :

" O'i wiw wy i weu e a, — a'i weau
O'i wyau e weua :
E weua ei we aia,
A'i weau yw ieuau ia."

Seleucus.

In reply to J. M. I beg to ask who ever before
heard that consonants " cracked and cracked, and
ground and exploded ? " and how could the
writer in Chambers's Repository possibly know
that the drunken Welshman cursed and swore in
consonants ? There is scarcely a more harshly-
sounding word in the Welsh language — admitted
by a clever and satirical author to have " the
softness and harmony of the Italian, with the
majesty and expression of the Greek" — than the
term crack, adopted from the Dutch. There is no
Welsh monosyllable that contains, like the Saxon
strength, seven consonants with only one vowel.
There is no Welsh proper name, like Rentzsch,
the watchmaker of Regent Street, that contains
six consonants in succession in one syllable ; and
yet the Welsh have never accused their younger
sister with the use of consonants which " cracked
and cracked, and ground and exploded." But if
the Welsh language, with " its variety, copious-
ness, and even harmony, to be equalled by few,
perhaps excelled by none," has no instance of six
consonants in succession, it has one of six vowels
in succession, Gwaewawr, every one of which re-
quires, according to the peculiarity of its pro-
nunciation, a separate inflection of the voice.

J. M. may be assured that the remark of the
writer in question is only one of those pitiful
"cracks" which flippant authors utter in plain
ignorance of Cymru, Cymraeg, and Cymry.

Cymro.

Marlbro.

I think the following englyn or epigram on a
silkworm, which is composed entirely of vowels,
will satisfy your correspondent. I have seen it
in some book, the name of which I forget. It

* The Don to be pronounced as in Douglass.

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

473

must be borne in mind that w is a vowel in
Welsh, and is sounded like oo in hoot.
" O'i wiw wy i weu e a, a'i weau

O'i wyau e weua ;

E' weua ei we aia'.

A'i weau yw ieuau ia."

" I perish by my art ; dig my own grave ;
I spin my thread of life ; my death I weave."

Thomas O'Coffey.

SONGS OF DEGREES (ASCENTS).

(Vol. ix., pp. 121. 376.)

The analysis of the word fiiVysn (the steps), con-
fining ourselves to sensible objects, shows, first, the
preposition ?V, over (=up+ori) ; and, secondly,
n?8p, the chamber-over. (Neh. ix. 4., xii. 37. ;
Jos. x. 10. ; 1 Sam. ix. 11.; Am. ix. 6. ; Ps. civ.
13.) The translators of the authorised version,
in using the word " degrees," intended probably
to convey the notion of rank; but the modern
mixed-mathematical ideas lead us of this day
rather to think of geographical, barometrical, &c.
degrees. That steps is the word most accordant with
the ancient notions is evident from the concur-
rence of the Greek, Latin, Syriac, Arabic, and
Ethiopic versions, as also from the Chaldee Tar-
gum, alluded to by J. R. G., which has the in-
scription xo'inrn ppiDO hv -i»sn&n xtp, "a

song called ' over the steps of the deep
(Deut. viii. 7. ; Ex. xv. 8.). The root of this
word is i"6y, in the Hebrew and its cognates, and
the primitive notion is to ascend; from which

is formed in Arabic ~* I -, adscendit in tectum ; in
Syriac "jA . \v. contignatio superior, camaculum

( Jud. iii. 23-25. ; Luc. xxii. 12.) ; and the Chaldee
JVv'y, pars domus superior, cubiculum,sive camaculum
snperius, Grajc. wrepoiov (Dan. vi. 11.). See Shaw's
Itinerary, pp. 360-365.

The £ prefixed is the participial form of the
verb, equivalent to the termination ing in En-
glish ; and converts the verb also into a verbal
noun, conveying the generalised idea of a class of

actions; and thereby the steps, riv^Di"!, the step-
pings upward, literally, which means " the as-
cents," or " the ascendings."

The ascent by fifteen steps of the rabbins is
probably equally apocryphal with the quotations
from St. Matthew and St. James (ix. p. 376.); for
the same reason (Ex. xx. 26.) which forbad the
ascending the altar by steps, would apply still
more strongly to the supposed " fifteen steps lead-
ing from the Atrium Israelis to the court of the

women" * Although the ground-plans of the tem-
ples are well known, their elevations are involved
in doubt.

Your journal would not afford me sufficient
space for an excursus to establish the suggestion,
not assertion, that I have adventured as to the
domestic use of the Alphabetic and Degree Psalms,
but there is negative evidence that these Psalms
were not used in the Jewish liturgy. I will only
refer you to Lightfoot's ninth volume (Pitman's
edition), where the Psalms used, and indeed the
whole service of the Jews, is as clearly set forth
as the Greek service is in the liturgies of Basil
and Chrysostom. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

THE SCREW PROPELLER.

(Vol.ix., p. 394.)

Anon, is clearly mistaken in thinking that, when
Darwin says that " the undulating motion of the
tail of fishes might be applied behind a boat with
greater effect than common oars," he had any idea
of a screw propeller. He meant not a rotatory,
but, as he says, an "undulating" motion, like that
of the fish's tail : such as we see every day em-
ployed by the boys in all our rivers and harbours,
called sculling — that is, driving a boat forward by
the rapid lateral right and left impulsion of a
single oar, worked from the stern of the boat.
It was the application of steam to some such
machinery as this that Darwin seems to have
meant ; and not to the special action of a revolving
cut-water screw.

I avail myself of this occasion to record, that
about the date of Darwin's publication, or very
soon after, the very ingenious Earl Stanhope not
only thought of, but actually employed, the iden-
tical screw propeller now in use in a vessel which
he had fitted up for the purpose ; and in which,
by his invitation, I, and several other gentlemen,
accompanied him in various trips backwards and
forwards between Blackfriars and Westminster
bridges. The instrument was a long iron axle,

* " Eadem ratio, ab honestate ducta, eandem pepe-
rerat apud Romanos legem. Gellius ex Fabio Pic-
tore, Noct. Attic, lib. x. c. 15., de flamine Diali: Scalas,
nisi qua? Graeca? adpellantur, eas adscendere ei plus
tribus gradibus religiosum est. Servius ad JEneid, iv.
646. Apud veteres, Flaminicam plus tribus gradibus,
nisi Graecas scalas, scandere non licebat, ne ulla pars
pedum ejus, crurumve subter conspiceretur ; eoque nee
pluribus gradibus, sed tribus tit adscensu duplices
nisus non paterentur adtolli vestem, aut nudari crura ;
nam ideo et scalar Gra?caj dicuntur, quia ita fabri-
cantur ut omni ex parte compagine tabularum clausa;
sint, ne adspectum ad corporis aliquam partem admit-
tant." — Rosenmiiller on Exod. xx. 26. The ascent
to the altar, fifteen feet high, was by a gangway, &22-

474

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

working on the stern port of the vessel, having at
the end in the water a wheel of inclined planes,
exactly like the flyer of a smoke-jack ; while, in-
board, the axle was turned by a crank worked by
the men. The velocity attained was, I think, said
to be four miles an hour. I am sorry that I am not
able to specify the exact date of this experiment,
but it must have been between 1802 and 1805.
What Lord Stanhope said about employing steam
to work his machine, I do not clearly recollect.
He entered into a great many details about it,
but I remember nothing distinctly but the ma-
chine itself. C.

AMONTILLADO SHERRY.

(Vol. ix., pp. 222. 336.)

The wines of Xerei consist of two kinds, viz.
sweet and dry, each of which is again subdivided
into two other varieties. Amontillado sherry, or
simply Amontillado, belongs to the latter class,
the other description produced from the dry wine
being sherry, properly so called, that which passes
in this country generally by that name. These
two wines, although differing from each other in
the peculiarities of colour, smell, and flavour, are
produced from the same grape, and in precisely
a similar manner ; indeed, it frequently happens
that of two or more botas, or large casks, filled
with the same moid (wort or sweet wine), and
subjected to the same manipulation, the one be-
comes Amontillado, and the other natural sherry.
This mysterious transformation takes place or-
dinarily during the first, but sometimes even
during the second year, and in a manner that has
hitherto baffled the attempts of the most attentive
observer to discover. Natural sherry has a pe-
culiar aromatic flavour, somewhat richer than that
of its brother, the Amontillado, and partakes of
three different colours, viz. pale or straw, golden,
and deep golden, the latter being the description
denominated by us brown sherry. The Amontil-
lado is of a straw colour only, more or less shaded
according to the age it possesses. Its flavour is
drier and more delicate than that of natural
sherry, recalling in a slight degree the taste of
nuts and almonds. This wine, being produced by
a phenomenon which takes place it is imagined
during the fermentation, is naturally less abundant
than the other description of sherry, and there are
years in which it is produced in very small quan-
tities, and sometimes even not at all ; for the
same reason it is age for age dearer also. The
word " Amontillado " signifies like or similar to
Montilla, i.e. the wine manufactured at that place.
Montilla is situated in Upper Andalusia, in the
neighbourhood of Cordouc, and produces an ex-
cellent description of wine, but which, from the
want of roads and communication with the prin-

cipal commercial towns of Spain, is almost en-
tirely unknown.

The two sweet wines of Xeres are the " Paxa-
rite," or " Pedro Ximenes," and the " Muscatel."
The first-named is made from a species of grape
called " Pedro Ximenes," sweeter in quality than
that which produces the dry sherry, and which,
moreover, is exposed much longer to the action of
the sun previous to the process of manufacture ;
its condition when subjected to the action of the
pressers resembling very nearly that of a raisin.
Fermentation is in this case much more rapid on
account of the saccharine nature of the moid or
wort. In flavour it is similar to the fruit called
" Pedro Ximenes," the colour being the same a8
that of natural sherry. Muscate wine is made
from the grape of that name, and in a manner
precisely similar to the Paxarite. The wine pro-
duced from this grape is still sweeter than the
Pedro Ximenes, its taste being absolutely that of
the Muscat grape. In colour also it is deeper ;
but the colour of both, like that of the two dry
wines, increases in proportion to their age, a cir-
cumstance exactly the reverse of that which takes
place in French wines. German sherry wines
are capable of preservation both in bottles and
casks for an indefinite period. In one of the
bodegas or cellars belonging to the firm of
M. P. Domecq, at Xeres, are to be seen five or
six casks of immense size and antiquity (some
of them, it is said, exceeding a century). Each of
them bears the name of some distinguished hero
of the age in which it was produced, Wellington
and Napoleon figuring conspicuously amongst
others : the former is preserved exclusively for the
taste of Englishmen.

The history of sherry dates, in a commercial
point of view, from about the year 1720 only.
Before this period it is uncertain whether it pos-
sessed any existence at all ; at all events it appears
to have been unknown beyond the immediate
neighbourhood in which it was produced. It
would be difficult, perhaps, to say by whom it
was first imported : all that can be affirmed with
any decree of certainty is, that a Frenchman, by
name Pierre Domecq, the founder of the house
before mentioned, was among the earliest to re-
cognise its capabilities, and to bring it to the high
state of perfection which it has since attained.
In appreciation of the good service thus rendered
to his country, Ferdinand VII. conferred upon
this house the right exclusively to bear upon their
casks the royal arms of Spain. This wine, from
being at first cultivated only in small quantities,
has long since grown into one of the staple pro-
ductions of the country. In the neighbourhood
of Xeres there are at present under cultivation from
10,000 to 12,000 arpents of vines ; these produce
annually from 30,000 to 35,000 botas, equal to
70,000 or 75,000 hogsheads. In gathering the

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

475

fruit, the ripest is invariably selected for wines of
the best quality. The wines of Xeres, like all
those of the peninsula, require the necessary body
or strength to enable them to sustain the fatigue
of exportation. Previous, therefore, to shipment
(none being sold under four to five years of age),
a little eau de vie (between the fiftieth and sixtieth
part) is added, a quantity in itself so small, that
few would imagine it to be the cause of the slight
alcoholic taste which nearly all sherries possess.

In consequence of the high price of the delicious
wines, numerous imitations, or inferior sherries,
are manufactured, and sold in immense quantities.
Of these the best are to be met with at the follow-
ing places : San Lucar, Porto, Santa Maria, and
even Malaga itself. The spurious sherry of the
first-named place is consumed in larger quantities,
especially in France, than the genuine wine itself.
One reason for this may be, that few vessels go to
take cargoes at Cadiz ; whilst many are in the
habit of doing so to Malaga for dry fruits, and to
Seville for the fine wool of Estremadura. San
Lucar is situated at the mouth of the Guadal-
quiver. W. C.

RECENT CURIOSITIES OF LITERATURE.

(Vol. ix., p. 136.)

Mr. Thackeray's work, The Newcomes, would,
if consulted by your correspondent, furnish him
with farther examples. For instance, Colonel
Newcome's Christian name is stated (pp. 27. 57.)
to be Thomas : at p. 49. he is designated Col. J.
Eewcome. The letter addressed to him (p. 27.)
is superscribed " Major Newcome," although at
p. 25. he is styled " Colonel." At p. 71. mention is
made of " Mr. Shaloo, the great Irish patriot,"
who at p. 74. becomes " Mr. Shaloony," and at
p. 180. relapses into the dissyllabic " Shaloo."
Clive Newcome is represented (p. 184.) as admir-
ing his youthful mustachios, and Mr. Doyle has
depicted him without whiskers: at p. 188. Ethel,
" after Mr. Clive's famous mustachios made their
appearance, rallied him," and " asked him if he
was (were ?) going into the army ? She could not
understand how any but military men could wear
mustachios." On this the author remarks, three
lines farther on : " If Clive had been in love with
her, no doubt he would have sacrificed even those
beloved whiskers for the charmer."

At p. 111. the Rev. C. Honeyman is designated
"A.M.," although previously described a Master
of Arts of Oxford, where the Masters are styled
"M.A." in contradistinction to the Masters of
Arts in every other university. Cambridge Mas-
ters frequently affix M.A. to their names, but I
never heard of an instance of an Oxonian signing
the initials of his degree as A.M.

Apropos of Oxford, I recently met the following
sentence at p. 3. of Verdant Green :

" Although pronounced by Mrs. Toosypegs, his
nurse, to he ' a perfect progkiye,' yet we are not aware
that his debut on the stage of life, although thus ap-
plauded hy such a clacqueur as the indiscriminating
Toosypegs, was announced to the world at large by
any other means than the notices in the county papers."

If the author ever watched the hired applauders
in a Parisian theatre, he would have discerned
among them clacqueuses as well as clacqueurs.

JUVERNA, M.A.

ROLAND THE BRAVE.
(Vol. ix., p. 372.)

In justification of Dr. Forbes' identifying Ro-
land the Brave with the hero of Schiller's ballad,
Ritter Toggenburg, I beg to refer your corre-
spondent X. Y. Z. to Dentsches Sagenbuch, von
L. Bechstein, Leipzig, 1853, where (p. 95.) the
same tale is related which forms the subject of
Mrs. Hemans' beautiful ballad, only with this
difference, that there the account of Roland's
death entirely agrees with Schiller's version of the
story, whereas the English poet has adopted the
general tradition of Roland's fall at Roncesvalles.

Most of the epic poems of the middle ages in
which Roland's death is recorded, especially the
different old French Chansons de Roland ou de
Roncevaux, an Icelandic poem on the subject, and
Strieker's middle-high German lay of Roland, all
of them written between a.d. 1100 and 1230 —
agree in this, that after Roland's fall at Ronces-
valles, and the complete rout of the heathen by
Charlemagne, the latter returns home and is met
— some say at Aix-la-Chapelle, others at Blavie,
others at Paris — by Alda or Alite, Olivier's
sister, who inquires of him where Roland, her
betrothed, is. On learning his fate she dies on
the spot of grief. According to monk Conrad
(about a.d. 1175), Alda was Roland's wife. See
Ruolandes Liet, von W. Grimm, Gottingen, 1838,
pp. 295—297.

The legend of Rolandseck, as told by Bechstein
from Rhenish folk lore, begins thus :

" Es sasz auf holier Burg am Rhein hoch iiber dem
Stromthal eta junger Rittersmann, Roland geheiszen,
(manche sagen Roland von Angers, Neffe Karls des
Groszen), der liebte cin Burgfraulein, Hildegunde, die
Tochter des Burggrafen Heribert, der auf dem nahen
Schlosz Drachenfels sasz," &c. '

Here the question is left open whether the hero
of the story was Roland the Brave, or some other
knight of that name. The latter seems the more
probable, as Roland's fall at Roncesvalles is one
of the chief subjects of mediaeval poetry, whereas
the death of knight Roland in sight of Nonnen-

476

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 233.

werth on the Rhine, forms the very pith of the
German local legend. From certain coincidences,
however, it was easy to blend the two stories to-
gether into one, as was done by Mrs. Hemans.
As to Schiller, we may suppose that he either fol-
lowed altogether a different legend, or, perhaps to
avoid misconception, substituted another name for
that of knight Roland, similar to what he has
done in other instances. R. R.

Canterbury.

I think your correspondent X. Y. Z. is mistaken
in attributing to Mrs. Hemans the lines on the
" Brave Roland." In Mr. Campbell's Poems he
will find some stanzas which bear a striking re-
semblance to those he has quoted. I subjoin
those stanzas to which X. Y. Z. has referred :

" The brave Roland ! the brave Roland !
False tidings reach'd the Rhenish strand

That he had fall'n in fight ;
And thy faithful bosom swoon'd with pain,
O loveliest maiden of Allemayne !

For the loss of thine own true knight.
" But why so rash has she ta'en the veil,
In yon Nonnenwerder's cloisters pale,

For her vow had scarce been sworn,
And the fatal mantle o'er her flung,
When the Drachenfels to a trumpet rung,

'Twas her own dear warrior's horn !

** She died ! he sought the battle plain ;
Her image fill'd his dying brain,

When he fell and wish'd to fall :
And her name was in his latest sigh,
When Roland, the flower of chivalry,

Expired at Roncevall. "

X. Y. Z. seems also to have forgotten what
Mr. Campbell duly records, viz. that Roland used
to station himself at a window overlooking " the
nun's green isle ; " it being after her decease that
he met his death at Roncevall, which event, by
the way, is alluded to by Sir W. Scott in Mar-
mion, canto vi. :

" Oh, for a blast of that dread horn,
On Fontarahian echoes borne,

That to King Charles did come ;
When Roland hrave, and Olivier,
And every paladin and peer,

At Roncesvalles died ! "

H. B. F.

The legends of Roland, the nephew of Charle-
magne, are very numerous and vary much from
each other. The Orlando of Pulci has a very
different history from the Orlando of Bojardo and
Ariosto.

The legend of "Rolandseck and the Nonnen-
werth," which has been adopted by Campbell, not
Mrs. Hemans, and charmingly set to music by
Mrs. Arkwright, is well known on the Rhine.
There are two poems on the legend in Simrock's

Iihemsagen (12mo., Bonn, 1841), one by the
editor, and another by August Kopisch. They
exactly accord with Campbell's poem.

The legend of Ritter Toggenburg resembles
that of Roland in many particulars, but it is not
the same, and it belongs to another locality, to
Kloster Fischingen, and not to Xonnenwerth.
" Roland the Brave " appears in all the later
editions of Campbell's Poems. Simrock's Rhein-
sagen is one of the most delightful handbooks that
any one can take through the romantic region
which the poems (partly well selected by the
editor, and partly as well written by himself) de-
scribe. E. C. H.

The author of the beautiful lines which are
quoted by your correspondent X. Y. Z., is Camp-
bell, not Mrs. Hemans. The poet, in the fifth
stanza of his ballad, tells how the unfortunate
Roland, on finding that Hildegund had taken the
veil, was accustomed to sit at his window, and
" sad and oft " to look " on the mansion of his
love below."

" There's yet one window of that pile,
Which he built above the nun's green isle ;

Thence sad and oft look'd he
(When the chant and organ sounded slow)
On the mansion of his love below,

For herself he might not see.
" She died ! He sought the battle plain,
Her image fill'd his dying brain,

When he fell and wish'd to fall ;
And her name was in his latest sigh,
When Roland, the flower of chivalry,

Expired at Roncevall."

F. M. MlDDLETON.

Scott has, in Marmion, —

" When Roland brave, and Olivier,
And every paladin and peer,
At Roncesvalles died!"

I quote from memory, and have not the poem.

F. C. B.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Recovery of Silver. — As many correspondents of
" N. & Q." have asked how to recover the silver from
their nitrate baths when deteriorated or spoiled,
perhaps the following hints may be acceptable to
them. Let them first precipitate the silver in the
form of a chloride by adding common salt to the
nitrate solution. Let them then filter it, and it may
be reduced to its metallic state by either of the three
following methods.

1. Bv adding to the wet chloride at least double its
volume of water, containing one-tenth part of sul-
phuric acid ; plunge into this a thick piece of zinc,
and leave it here for four-and-twenty hours. The
chloride of silver will be reduced by the formation of

Mat 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

477

chloride and sulphate of zinc, and of pure silver, which
will remain under the form of a blackish powder,
which is then to be washed, filtered, and preserved for
the purpose of making nitrate of silver.

2. The chloride of silver which is to be reduced is
put into a flask with about twice its volume of a so-
lution of caustic potash (of one part of caustic potash
to nine of water), in which a small portion of sugar
has been dissolved. Let it boil gently. The operation
is complete when the blackish powder which results
from this process, having been washed in several waters,
is entirely soluble in nitric acid, which is easily ascer-
tained by experimenting on a small quantity. This
powder is to be preserved in the same way as the
former for the purpose of converting it into nitrate of
silver.

3. The metallic silver is obtained in the form of a
button, by mixing thoroughly 100 parts of dried
chloride of silver, 70 parts of chalk or whitening, and
4 parts of charcoal. This mixture is to be exposed in
a crucible to a fierce red heat for at least half an hour.
When completely cold the crucible is broken, and a
button of pure silver is the result. The first two pro-
cesses are those which I should most strongly recom-
mend to your correspondents. N. C.

Replies ta ffiinav dtaattaf.

Ashes of "Lignites''' (Vol. ix., p. 422.). —
Rusticus is obliged to the Editor for so soon
giving a reply to his Query ; but seems convicted
of being a bad penman, like many other rustics.
For the strange word, respecting which he asked
for information, having seen it used in a news-
paper, was not lignites but liquites. Rusticus
could have guessed that the ashes of lignites were
but wood-ashes under a pedantic name ; but a
term which looks, to a rustic, as if chemists meant
to persuade him to burn his beer for a valuable
residuum, is more perplexing. Rusticus.

_ Old Rowley (Vol. ix., p. 457., &c.). — The late
Sir Charles Bunbury, who was long the father of
the Jury, and considered as an oracle in all mat-
ters relating to it, told me, many years ago, that
Charles II. was nicknamed " Old Rowley" after
a favourite stallion in the royal stud so called ;
and he added, that the same horse's appellation
had been ever since preserved in the " Rowley
Mile," a portion of the race-course still much
used, and well-known to all frequenters of New-
market. Braybrooke.

" Bachelors of every Station " (Vol. ix., p. 301 .)
is the beginning of the Berkshire Lady, an old
ballad nearly extinct, and republished by me some
years ago in the form of a small pamphlet, which
sold rapidly. If I can procure one, it shall be
forwarded to Mr. Bell.

The story is a true one, and related to a
daughter of Sir William Kendrick's, who suc-

ceeded him, and was possessor of Calcot Place in
the parish of Tylehurst, and to Benjamin Child,
Esq., whom she met at a marriage feast in the
neighbourhood. A wood near Calcot is where the
party met to fight the duel in case Mr. Child re-
jected the proposals of marriage made to him by
Miss Kendrick.

I had the account from an old man between
eighty and ninety years of age, clerk of the parish ;
and my friend Miss Mitford agreed with me in
the accuracy of the story : she had it from the late
Countess Dowager of Macclesfield, an old lady
celebrated for her extensive and accurate know-
ledge of legendary lore.

In opening a vault in St. Mary's, Reading, last
year, her coffin was found entire, with this in-
scription :

" Frances Child, wife of Benjamin Child, Esq., of
Calcot, and first daughter of Sir Benjamin Kendrick,
Bart. Died Feb. 27, 1722, aged 35. The Lady of
Berks."

Another coffin, —

" Benjamin Child, Esq., died 2nd May, 1767, aged
84 years."

Julia R. Bockett.
Southcote Lodge.

Mousehunt (Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606. ; Vol. ix.,
pp. 65. 136. 385.). — In Vol. ix., p. 65., the Natural
History of Quadrupeds, by James H. Fennell, is
quoted ; where, speaking of the Beech Marten
{alias Mousehunt), he says :

" In Selkirkshire it has been observed to descend
to the shore at night time to feed upon mollusks, par-
ticularly upon the large Basket Mussel (Mytilus mo-
diolus)."

In p. 136. I ventured to state that Mr. Fennell
must have been a better naturalist than geogra-
pher, as Selkirkshire was well known to be an
inland county nowhere approaching the sea by
many miles. I added, that I hoped, for Mr. Fen-
nell's sake, that Selkirkshire was either a misprint
or a misquotation.

In p. 385. Mr. Archibald Fraser, Woodford,
not choosing to exonerate Mr. Fennell by either of
my suggestions, prefers, as a staunch, but I think
rather an inconsiderate friend and champion, to
vindicate the paragraph as it stands, by candidly
admitting that if the word beach had been used, it
would certainly have referred to the sea ; but that
the word shore applies to rivers as well as seas.
And he goes back as far as Spenser to find an
instance of its use, as applied to the banks of the
river Nile.

I will not agree that this use is nearly obsolete,
but give him the full value of his quotation from
Spenser. But what does he say to the habitat of
the Mytilus modiolus, which the Mousehunt goes

478

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

to the shore to feed upon. I quote from Bees'
Cyclopedia, voce " Mytiltjs :"

" Modiolus. Shell smooth and blackish, obtuse at
the smaller end, and rounded at the other ; one side
near the beaks is angular. Two varieties are noticed
by Lister. It inhabits the European, American, and
Indian seas, adhering to fuci and zoophytes ; is six or
seven inches long, and about half as broad : the fish is
red or orange, and eatable."

J. S.s.

Value of Money in the Seventeenth Century
(Vol. ix. p. 375.). — Say, in his Political Eco-
nomy (Prinsep's translation, i. 413.), has furnished
a comparative statement, the result of which is,
that the setier of wheat, whose relative value to
other commodities has varied little from 1520
down to the present time, has undergone great
fluctuations, being worth —

a. n. 1520 - - 512 gr. of pure silver.

A.r>. 1536 - - 1063 ditto.

A.n. 1602 - - 2060 ditto.

a.d. 1789 - - 2012 ditto.

Whence it may be inferred that 1000/. in 1640,
1660, and 1680 did not vary much from its value
at the present time, such value being measured in
silver. But as the value of all commodities re-
solves itself ultimately into the cost of labour, the
rate of wages at these dates, in the particular
country or part of a country, must be taken as
the only safe criterion.

Thus, if labour were 10d. per diem in 1640, and
is 40f/. at this time, 1000/. in 1640 is equivalent
to 5001. (only half as much) now. But, on the
contrary, as the cost of production of numerous
articles by machinery, &c. has been by so much
reduced, the power of purchase now, as compared
with 1640, of 1000/., is by so much increased. The
article itself must determine by how much. The
question put by C. H. is too general to admit of a
positive solution ; but should he specify the com-
modity and place of investment in the seventeenth
century and to-day of the 1000/., our statistics
might still be at fault, and deny us even a prox-
imate determination of his inquiry. Even his
1000/., which he may consider a fixed measure of
value, or punctum comparationis, is varying in
value (=power of purchase) daily, even hourly,
as regards almost every exchangeable product.
Tooke On Prices is a first-rate authority on this
subject. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Grammars for Public Schools (Vol. ix., pp. 8.
209.). — Pray add this little gem to your list, now
scarce :

" The Gate of Tongues Unlocked and Opened, or else
A Seminarie or Seed Plot of all Tongues and Sciences,
that is, a short way of teaching and thorowly learning,
within a yeare and a half at the farthest, the Latin,

English, French, and any other tongue, together with
the ground and foundation of Arts and Sciences, com-
prised under an hundred Titles and 1058 Periods.
In Latine first, and now as a token of thankfulnesse
brought to light in Latine, English, and French, in the
behalfe of the most illustrious Prince Charles, and of
British, French, and Irish Youths. By the labour and
industry of John Anchoran, Licentiate of Divinity,
London, 1633."

Our British youths of those days seem to have
been apt scholars. I. T. Abbott.

Darlington.

Classic Authors and the Jews (Vol. ix., pp. 221.
384.). — Any edition of the Historian Augusta Scrip-
tores Sex, containing an index, ought to supply
B. H. C. with a few additional references. See, for
instance, the Index to the Bipont Edition, 2 vols.
8vo., cidiocclxxxvii, under the words " Judasi,"
" Judaicus," " Moses." C. Forbes.

Temple.

Hand-bells at Funerals (Vol. ii., p. 478. ; Vol. vii.,
p. 297.). — A few years ago I happened to arrive
at the small sea-port of Eoscoff, near the ancient
cathedral town of St. Pol de Leon in Britanny, on
the day appointed for the funeral of one of the
members of a family of very old standing in that
neighbourhood. My attention was attracted by a
number of boys running about the streets with
small hand-bells, with which they kept up a per-
petual tinkling. On inquiring of a friend of mine,
a native of the place, what this meant, he in-
formed me that it was an old custom in Britanny —
but one which in the present day had almost
fallen into disuse — to send boys round from door
to door with bells to announce when a death had
occurred, and to give notice of the day and the
hour at which the funeral was to take place, beg-
ging at the same time the prayers of the faithful
for the soul of the deceased. The boys selected
for this office are taken from the most indigent
classes, and, on the day of the funeral, receive cloaks
of coarse black cloth as an alms : thus attired,
they attend the funeral procession, tinkling their
bells as they go along. Edgar MacCuxloch.

Guernsey.

" Warple-way" (Vol. ix., p. 125.).— The com-
munications of your correspondents (Vol. ix.,
p. 232.) can scarcely be called answers to the
questions put.

I find, in Holloway's Dictionary of Provin-
cialisms, 8vo., 1838, that a ridge of land is called,
in husbandry, a warp. It is defined to be a quan-
tity of land consisting of ten, twelve, or more
ridges ; on each side of which a furrow is left, to
carry off the water.

Again, in Halli well's Dictionary of Archaic and
Provincial Words, two volumes, 1847, it will be

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

479

found that warps are distinct pieces of ploughed
land, separated by furrows. I think I here give
the derivation and meaning, and refer to the
authority. If the derivation be not here given,
then I would refer to the Saxon word werpen,
meaning " to cast."

Across marshy grounds, to this day, are seen
ridges forming foot-paths, with a furrow on each
side. A ridge of this sort would formerly be,
perhaps, a warple-way. Or perhaps a path across
an open common field, cast off or divided, as
Halliwell mentions, by warps, would be a warple-
way. Viator.

Wapple-way, or, as on the borders of Surrey
and Sussex it is called, waffel-way : and the gate
itself, waffel-gate. If it should appear, as in the
cases familiar to me, these waffel-ways run along
the borders of shires and divisions of shires, such
as hundreds, I would suggest that they were mili-
tary roads, — the derivation waffe (Ger.), weapon.

H. F. B.

Medal of Chevalier St. George (Vol. ix.,
pp. 105. 311.). — With reference to the observa-
tions of your correspondents A. S. and H., I would
beg to observe that, some time ago, I gave to the
Museum at Winchester a medal struck on the
occasion of the marriage of Prince James F. E.
Stuart and M. Clementina Sobieski : on the ob-
verse is a very striking head and bust of Clemen-
tina, with this inscription :

" Clementina, M. Britan., Fr., et Hib. Regina."

On the reverse is Clementina, driving an ancient
chariot towards the Colosseum, with this inscrip-
tion : on the top —

" Fortunam causamque sequor."

at the bottom —

" Deceptis Custodibus. mdccxix."

This latter inscription refers to her escape from
Innspruck, where the princess and her suite had
been detained by the emperor's orders.

This marriage, to prevent which so many efforts
were made, prolonged for eighty-eight years the
unfortunate House of Stuart. E. S. S. W.

Shahspeares Inheritance (Vol. ix., pp. 75. 154.).
■ — Probably the following extracts from Littleton's
Tenures in English, lately perused and amended
(1656), may tend to a right understanding of the
meaning of inheritance and purchase — if so, you
may print them :

" Tenant in fee simple is he which hath lands or
tenements to hold to him and his heires for ever : and
it is called in Latine feodum simplex; for feodum is
called inheritance, and simplex is as much to say as
lawful or pure, and so feodum simplex is as much to
say as lawfull or pure inheritance. For if a man

will purchase lands or tenements in fee simple, it be-
hoveth him to have these words in his purchase, To
have and to hold unto him and to his heires : for these
words (his heires) make the estate of inheritance,
Anno 10 Henrici 6. fol. 38. ; for if any man purchase
lands in these words, To have and to hold to him for
ever, or by such words, To have and to hold to him
and to his assigns for ever ; in these two cases he hath
none estate but for terme of life ; for that, that he
lacketh these words (his heires), which, words only
make the estate of inheritance in all feoffements and
grants."

" And it is to be understood that this word (inherit-
ance) is not only understood where a man hath lands
or tenements by descent of heritage, but also every fee
simple or fee taile that a man hath by his purchase,
may be said inheritance ; for that, thus his heires may
inherite them. For in a Writ of Right that a man
bringeth of land that was of his own purchase, the
writ shall say, Quam clamat esse jus et hcereditatem suam,
this is to say, which he claimeth to be bis right and
his inheritance."

" Also purchase is called the possession of lands or
tenements that a man hath by his deed or by his agree-
ment, unto which possession he coinmeth, not by
descent of any of his ancestors or of his cosins, but by
his own deed."

J. Bell.

Cranbroke, Kent.

Cassock (Vol. ix., pp. 101. 337.). — A note in
Whalley's edition of Ben Jonson has the following
remark on this word :

" Cassock, in the sense it is here used, is not to be
met with in our common dictionaries : it signifies a
soldier's loose outward coat, and is taken in that ac-
ceptation by the writers of Jonson's times. Thus
Shakspeare, in All's Well that Ends Well :

1 Half of the which dare not shake the snow from
their cassocks.'"

This is confirmed in the passage of Jonson, on
which the above is a note.

" This small service will bring him clean out of love
with the soldier. He will never come within the
sign of it, the sight of a cassock." — Every Man in his
Humour, Act II. Sc. 5.

The cassock, as well as the gown and band,
seem to have been the usual attire of the clergy
on all occasions in the last century, as we find
from the paintings of Hogarth and the writings of
Fielding, &c. When did this custom cease ? Can
any reader of " N. & Q." supply traditional proof
of clergymen appearing thus apparelled in ordinary
life ? E. H. M. L.

Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., p. 10.). — On the day on
which this Query met my eye, a friend informed
me that she had just received a letter from an
American clergyman travelling in Europe, in
which he mentioned having seen a tailless cat in
Scotland, called a Manx cat, from having come

480

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

from the Isle of Man. This is not " a Jonathan."
Perhaps the Isle of Man is too small to swing long-
tailed cats in. Uneda.
Philadelphia.

Mr. T. D. Stephens, of Trull Green, near this
town, has for some years had and bred the Manx
tailless cat; and, I have no doubt, would have
pleasure in showing them to your correspondent
Shirley Hibbebd, should he ever be in this
neighbourhood. K. Y.

Taunton.

A friend of mine, who resided in the Park Farm,
Kimberley, had a breed of tailless cats, arising from
the tail of one of the cats in the first instance
having been cut off; many of the kittens came
tailless, some with half length ; and, occasionally,
one of a litter with a tail of the usual length, and
this breed continued through several generations.

G.J.

Names of Slaves (Vol. viii., p. 339.). — I can
answer the first of J. F. M.'s Queries in the affirm-
ative; it being common to see in Virginia slaves,
or free people who have been slaves, with names
acquired in the manner suggested : e. g. " Philip
Washington," better known in Jefferson county
as " Uncle Phil.," formerly a slave of the Wash-
ingtons. A large family, liberated and sent to
Cape Palmas, bore the surname of " Davenport,"
from the circumstance that their progenitor had
been owned by the Davenports. In fact, the
practice is almost universal. But fancy names are
generally used as first names : e. g. John Ran-
dolph, Peyton, Jefferson, Fairfax, Carter, &c. A
fine old body-servant of Col. Willis was called
" Burgundy," shortened into " Uncle Gundy." So
that " Milton," in the case mentioned, may have
been merely the homage paid to genius by some
enthusiastic admirer of that poet. J. Balch.

Philadelphia.

Heraldic (Vol. ix., p. 271.). — On the brass of
Robert Arthur, St. Mary's, Chartham, Kent, are
two shields bearing a fess engrailed between three
trefoils slipped : which may probably be the same
as that about which Loccan inquires, though I am
unable to tell the colours. There are two other
shields bearing, Two bars within a bordure. The
inscription is as follows : \

" Hie iacet dns Robertus Arthur quondam Rector
isti' Ecclie qui obiit xxviii0 die marcii A0 diii Millo
CCCC°LIIII°. Cui' ale ppiciet' de' Arae."

F. G.

Solar Annual Eclipse of 1263 (Vol. viii., p. 441.).
— Mr. Tytler, in the first volume of his History of
Scotland, mentions that this eclipse, which occurred
about 2 p.m. on Sunday, August 5, 1263, has been
found by calculation to have been actually central

and annular to Ronaldsvoe, in the Orkneys, where
the Norwegian fleet was then lying : a fine ex-
ample, as he justly adds, " of the clear and certain
light reflected by the exact sciences on history."
S. asks, is this eclipse mentioned by any other
writer ? As connected with the Norwegian expe-
dition, it would seem not ; but Matthew of West-
minster (vol. ii. p. 408., Bohn's edit.) mentions it
having been seen in England, although he places
it erroneously on the 6th of the month.

J. S. Warden.

Brissot de Warville (Vol. ix., p. 335.). — Bris-
sot's Memoires is a very common book in the ori-
ginal, and has gone through several editions.
The passage quoted by N. J. A. was only an
impudent excuse for an impudent assumption.
Brissot, in his early ambition, wished to pass
himself off as a gentleman, and called himself
Brissot de Warville, as Danton did DAnton, and
Robespierre de Robespierre; but when these
worthies were endeavouring to send M. de War-
ville to the scaffold as an aristocrat, he invented
this fable of his father's having some landed pro-
perty at Ouarville en Beauce (not Beance), and that
he was called, according to the custom of the coun-
try, from this place, where, it seems, he was put out
to nurse. When the dread of the guillotine made
M. de Warville anxious to get rid of his aristo-
cratic pretensions, he confessed (in those same
Memoires) that his father kept a cook's shop in the
town of Chartres, and was so ignorant that he
could neither read nor write. I need not add,
that his having had a landed property to justify,
in any way, the son's territorial appellation, was a
gross fiction. C.

" Le Compere Mathieu" (Vol. vi., pp. 11. 111.
181.). — On the fly-leaf of my copy (three vols.
12mo., Londres, 1766) of this amusing work,
variously attributed by your correspondents to
Mathurin Laurent and the Abbe du Laurens, is
written the following note, in the hand of its former
possessor, Joseph Whateley :

" Ecrit par Diderot, fils d'un Coutelier : un homme
tres licentieux, qui ecrit encore plusieurs autres Ou-
vrages, comme La Religieuse, Les Bijoux mediant (sic),
&c. II jouit un grand role apres dans la Revolution.

"J. W."

By the way, A. N. styles it " a not altogether
undull work." May I ask him to elucidate this
phrase, as I am totally at a loss to comprehend its
meaning. "Not undull" must surely mean dull,
if anything. The work, however, is the reverse
of dull. William Bates.

Birmingham.

Etymology of "Awkward" (Vol. viii., p. 310.). —
H. C. K. has probably given the true derivation
of this word, but he might have noticed the singu-

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

larity of one Anglo-Saxon word branching off
into two forms, signifying different ways of acting
•wrong ; one, awkward, implying ignorance and
clumsiness ; the other, wayward, perverseness and
obstinacy. That the latter word is derived from
the source from which he deduces awkward, can,
as I conceive, admit of no doubt. J. S. Warden.

Life and Death (Vol. ix., p. 296.).— What is
death but a sleep ? We shall awake refreshed in
the morning. Thus Psalm xvii. 15. ; Rom.vi. 5.
For the full meanings, see these passages in the
original tongues. Sir Thomas Browne, whose
Hydriotaphia abounds with quaint and beautiful
allusions to this subject, says, in one place, "Sleep
is so like death, that I dare not trust him without
my prayers:" and he closes his learned treatise
with the following sentence :

"To live indeed is to be again ourselves; which
being not only a hope, but an evidence in noble be-
lievers, it is all one to lie in St. Innocent's churchyard
as in the sands of Egypt ; ready to be anything in the
ecstasy of being ever, and as content with six feet as
the moles of Adrianus."

" Tabesne cadavera solvat,
An rogus, baud refert." — Lucan.

How fine also is that philosophical sentiment of
Lucan :

" Victurosque Dei celant, ut vivere durent,
Felix esse mori."

Can any of your correspondents say in what
work the following analogous passage occurs, and
who is the author of it ? The stamp of thought
is rather of the philosophic pagan than the Chris-
tian, though the latinity is more monkish than
classic :

" Emori nolo, sed me esse mortuum, nihil euro."

J. L.

Dublin.

These notes remind my parishioners of an epi-
taph on a child in Morwenstow churchyard :

" Those whom God loves die young !
They see no evil days ;
No falsehood taints their tongue,
No wickedness their ways !

" Baptized, and so made sure
To win their blest abode ;
What could we pray for more ?
They die, and are with God !"

E. H. Morwenstow.

Shelley's " Prometheus Unbound " (Vol. ix.,
p. 351.). — I offer a conjecture on the meaning of
the obscure passage adduced by J. S. Warden.
It seems that Shelley intended to speak of that
peculiar feeling, or sense, which affects us so much
in circumstances which he describes. With the
slight alterations indicated by Italics, his meaning

I think will be apparent ; though in his hurry, or
inadvertence, he has left his lines very confused
and ungrammatical.

" Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring
Make rarest visitation, or the voice
Of one beloved is heard in youth alone,
Fills the faint eyes with falling tears," &c.

F. C. H.

" Three Crowns and a Sugar-loaf" (Vol. ix.,
p. 350.). — The latter was perhaps originally a
mitre badly drawn, and worse copied, till it re-
ceived a new name from that it most resembled.
The proper sign would be " The Three Crowns
and a Mitre," equivalent to " The Bishop's Arms : "
if Franche was in the diocese of Ely, or Bristol,
the reference would be clearer. Similar changes
are known to have happened. G. R. York.

To the inquiry of Cid, as to the meaning of the
above sign of an inn, I answer that there can be
little doubt that its original meaning was the
Pope's tiara. F. C. H.

Stanza in " Childe Harold" (Vol. viii., p. 258.).
— I fear that, considering Lord Byron's caco-
graphy and carelessness, a reference to his MS.
would not mend the matter much ; as, although
the stanza undoubtedly contains some errors
due to the printer or transcriber for the press,
the obscurity and unconnected language are
his lordship's own, and nothing short of a com-
plete recast could improve it materially : however,
to make the verses such as Byron most probably
wrote them, an alteration of little more than one
letter is required. For " wasted," read " washed ;"
to supply the deficient syllable, insert " yet " or
" still " after " they," and remove the semicolon in
the next line from the middle to the end of the
verse. Then the stanza runs thus :

" Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee;

Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, where are they ?
Thy waters wash'd them while they yet were free,

And many a tyrant since their shores obey,
The stranger, slave, or savage — their decay

Has dried up realms to deserts," &c.

The sentiment is clear enough, although not
well expressed ; and the use of the present tense,
" obey," for " have obeyed," is not at all warranted
by the usage of our language. In plain prose, it
means —

" Thy waters washed their shores while they were
independent, and do so still, although many a race of
tyrants has successively reigned over them since then :
their decay has converted many fertile regions to wil-
dernesses, but thou art still unchanged."

Not having your earlier volumes at hand, I cannot
be sure that these conjectures of mine are original
(the correction in the punctuation of the fourth
line certainly is not), and have only to request the

482

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 238.

forbearance of any of your correspondents whose
"thunder" I may have unwittingly appropriated.

J. S. Wabden.

Errors in Punctuation (Vol. viii., p. 217.). —
Every one must agree with R. H. C. as to the
importance of correct punctuation ; and it may
easily be supposed how it must puzzle readers of
works whose language is in great part obsolete, to
meet with mistakes of this kind, when we find
modern writers frequently rendered almost unin-
telligible by similar errors. To take those whose
works have, perhaps, been oftener reprinted tban
any others of this century, Byron and Scott, the
foregoing passage in Childe Harold is a signal in-
stance ; and as another, the Sonnet translated by
Byron from Vittorelli, has only had corrected in
the very latest editions, an error in the punctu-
ation of the first two lines which rendered them
a mystery to those who did not understand the
original, as printed on the opposite page. In note
12 to the 5th Canto of Marmion, every edition,
British or foreign, down to the present day,
punctuates the last two or three lines as follows :

" A torquois ring ; — probably this fatal gift is, with
James's sword and dagger, preserved in the College of
Heralds, London."

Sir Walter is thus made to express a doubt,
which he never intended, as to the ring being
there. A comma after "ring," another after
"gift," and the omission of the dash, will restore
the true meaning of the sentence. J. S. Wardeic.

Waugh of Cumberland (Vol. ix., p. 272.). —
John Waugh (D.C.L., Feb. 8, 1734) — born and
educated at Appleby, Fellow of Queen's College,
Oxford ; Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill ; Prebend-
ary of Lincoln; Dean of Gloucester, — was con-
secrated to the See of Carlisle Oct. 13, 1723: he
died Oct. 1734, and was buried in the church of
St. Peter, Cornhill. He bore for arms : Arg., on
a chevron engrailed gules, three bezants.

Mackenzie Waecott, M.A.

" Could we with ink" 8fc. (Vol. viii. passim). —
Perhaps one more communication may find admis-
sion on the above interesting lines. I received
from a clerical friend, many years ago, a version
of them, which differs considerably from that
given in "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 127. The varia-
tions I have marked by Italics :

" Could you with ink the ocean fill,

Were the whole world of parchment made,.
Were every single stick a quill,

And every man a scribe by trade,
To write the love of God alone,

Would drain the ocean dry,
Nor could the earth contain the scroll,

Though stretch'd from sky to sky."

My friend did not profess to know who wrote
these lines ; but he understood that they were an
attempt to render in English verse a sublime pas-
sage of the great St. Augustin. It is highly pro-
bable that this eminent Father was the original
author of the passage. It is extremely like one
of his grand conceptions ; but I have hitherto
searched his voluminous works for it in vain.

F. C. H.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The Hundred and Ten Considerations op Signior John Val-
desso, translated by Nich. Farrer. Oxford, 1638 ; or the later
edition of 1650.

Wanted by Mr. J. G. Nichols, 25. Parliament Street.

Archbishop Lawrence's Examination of Griesbach's Syste-
matic Classification of MSS.

Wanted by Longman §■ Co., Paternoster Row.

Poems on Several Occasions, by William Broome, LL.D.

London, 1727-1739. 8vo.
Assize Sermon, by the same, on Ps. cxxii. 6. 4to. 1737.
Sermon, by the same, on 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. 8vo. 1700.

Wanted by T. W. Barlow, St. James' Chambers, Manchester.

Osw. Crollius's Admonitory Preface, in English. London,
16^7. 8vo.

The Mysteries of Nature. London, 1657. 8vo.

■ On Signatures. London, 1669. Folio.

Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton
Street, Dublin.

Warren's Collection or Glees. Wanted, to perfect the Set,
Nos. 7. 10. 17. 25. and 27 to 32 inclusive. Any one possessing
the above, or a portion of them, may hear of a purchaser, upon
application at Novello's Sacred Music Warehouse, 69. Dean
Street, Soho Square.

The following Works of Syman Patrick, late Lord Bishop of
Ely, &c. : —

Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. John Smith. 1652.

Divine Arithmetic, Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. Samuel
Jacomb, June 17, 1659.

Anglic Speculum, Sermon at the Fast, April 24, 1678.

Sermon at Covknt Garden, Advent Sunday, 1678.

Sermon on St. Peter's Day, with enlargements. 1687.

Sermon on St. Mark's Day. 1686.

Fast Sermon before the King and Queen, April 16, 1690:
Prov. xiv. 34.

Exposition of the Ten Commandments. 1665.

Discourse concerning Prayer.

The Pillar and Ground of Truth. 4to. 1687.

Examination of Bellarmine's Second Note of the Church,
viz., Antiquity. 4to. 1687.

Examination of the Texts which Papists cite out of the
Bible to prove the Supremacy of St. Peter, &c. 168S.

Answer to a Book entitled " The Touchstone of the Re-
formed Gospel." 1692.

A Private Prayer to be used in difficult Times.

A Thanksgiving for our late wonderful Deliverance.
1689.

Wanted by the Rev. Alexander Taylor, 3. Blomfleld Terrace,
Paddington.

May 20. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

483

The Advancement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, or
a Description of Machines and Models, &c, contained la the
Repository of the Society of Arts, &c. By William Bailey,
Registrar of the Society, 1772.

A Register of the Premiums and Bounties given by the
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce, from the original Institution in the year 1754
to 1776 inclusive. Printed for the Society by James Phillips.
1778.

"Wanted by P. Le Neve Foster, 7. Upper Grove Lane, Camberwell .

Scott's Poetical Works. 8vo. 1830. Vol. I., or the "Minstrelsy,"

of that date.
Southey's Brazil. 4to. Vols. II. and III.
Salazar, Histokia de la Conquista de Mexico. FoI. 1743 or

1786.
Percy Society's Publications, 93 and 94. (1/. will be given for

them.)

Wanted by J. R. Smith, 36. Soho Square.

Arch.eologia, Numbers or Volumes, from Vol. XXV. to Vol.
XXIX. inclusive.
Wanted by James Dearden, Upton House, Poole, Dorset.

JJattcesi to Carrctfpauliait!*.

We have been induced, by the number of articles which we have
in type waiting for insertion, to omit our usual Notes on Books,
&c.

Agmond. Cecil was written by Mrs. Gore.

F. M. M. Balaam Box has long been used in Blackwood as the
name of the depository of rejected articles. The allusion is
obvious.

H. M. H. will find all the. information he can desire respecting
The Gentlemen at Arms, in Pegge's Curialia; Thise/ton's Memoir
of that Corps, published in 1819 ; or, better still, Curling's Account
of the Ancient Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, 8vo. 1850.

J. C. K. The coin is a very common penny of Henry III.,
worth ninepence, or a shilling at ?nost.

Balliolensis. Porson'sjeu d'esprit is reprinted in the Facetiae
Cantabrigienses (1850), p. 16.

Enquirer. A triolet is a stanza of eight lines, in which, after
the third the, first line, and after the sixth the first two lines, are
repeated, so that the first line is heard three times : hence the name.
It is suited for playful and light subjects, and is cultivated by the
French and Germans. The volume of Patrick Carey's Trivial
Poems and Triolets, edited by Sir Walter Scott, in 1820, from a
MS. of 1651, is an early instance of the use of the term.

A. B. M. The line referred to—" Pride, pomp, and circumstance
of glorious war" — is from Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

Jarltzberg. Has not our Correspondent received a note we
inclosed to him respecting The Circle of the Seasons ?

Old Mortality's offer of a collection of Epitaphs is declined
with thanks. We have now waiting for insertion almost as many
as would fill a cemetery.

Abhba. The proverb " Mad as a March hare" has appeared
in our Fourth Volume, p. 208 — Also, in the same volume, p. 309.
SfC will be found several articles similar to the one forwarded on
" Bee Superstitions."

F. (Oxford.) The extract forwarded from Southey's Common
Place Book, it a copy of the title-page of the anonymous work re-
quired.

H. C. M. The dale of the earliest Coroner's Inquest, we should
think, cannot be ascertained. The office of Coroner is of so great
antiquity that its commencement is not known. It is evident that
Coroners existed in the lime of Alfred, for that king punished with
death a judge who sentenced a party to suffer death upon the
Coroner's record, without allowing the delinquent liberty to tra-
verse. (Bac. on Gov. 66. ; 6 Vin. Abr. 242.) This officer is also
mentioned by Athelstanin his charter to Beverly (Dugd. Monast.
171.).

I. R. R. Henry Machyn was a citizen and merchant- tailor of
London from 4.D. 1550 to 1563. See a notice of him prefixed to his
Diary, published by the Camden Society. — An account of John
Stradling, the epigrammatist, will be found in Wood's Athenae

(Bliss), vol. ii. p. 396 Hockday, or Hokeday, is a high-day, a

day of feasting and mirth, formerly held in England the second
Tuesday after Easter, to commemorate the destruction of the

Danes in the time of Ethelred For notices of George Wither in

the Gentleman's Mag., see vol. lxxxvi. pt. ii. 32. 201. ; vol.lxxxvii.
pt. i. 42. ; vol. lxxxviii. pt. i. 138. — An interesting account of
the Paschal Eggs is given in Hone's Every-Day Book, vol. i.
p. 246., vol. ii. pp. 439. 450. ; and in Brand's Popular Antiquities.

Marvell's reference is probably to Charles Gerard, afterwards

created Baron Gerard of Brandon, gentleman of the bed-chamber
to Charles II., and captain of his guards.

W. S. The lens is certainly very good ; you should practise to
obtain an accurate focus on the ground glass. An experienced
hand will often demonstrate how much the actual sharpness of a
picture depends upon nice adjustment of the focus ; for though the
picture looks pretty, it is not sharp in detail.

Photo. We hope shortly to be enabled to report upon the new
paper manufacturing by Mr. Saunders for photographic pur-
poses.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTE WILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Building's, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS. -MR. JOHN J. GRIFFIN has

now ready an entirely NEW CATALOGUE
OF PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND
CHEMICALS at Reduced Prices ; embracing
an account of every article required for the
processes on Silver, Paper, and Glass, with es-
timates of the cost of complete sets for Home
Use and for Travellers. Postage Fourpence.
JOHN J. GRIFFIN, F.C.S., Chemist and
Optician, 10. Finsbury Square, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
Of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.

123. and 121. Newgate Street.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

JL DION— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. i(L

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS, DA-
GUERREOTYPISTS, &c. — Instanta-
neous Collodion (or Collodio-Iodide Silver).
Solution for Iodizing Collodion. Pyrogallic,
Gallic, and Glacial Acetic Acids, and every
Pure Chemical required in the Practice of
Photography, prepared by WILLIAM BOL-
TON, Operative and Photographic Chemist,
146. Holborn Bars. Wholesale Dealer in every
kind of Photographic Papers, Lenses, Cameras,
and Apparatus, and Importer of French and
German Lenses, &c. Catalogues by Post on
receipt of Two Postage Stamps. Sets of Ap-
paratus from Three Guineas.

0

OLLODION PORTRAITS

AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the lialf-tones. constitute this a,
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, bs. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

484

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 238.

IMPERIAL LIFE INSU-

X BANCE COMPANY.

I. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
Instituted 1820.

SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., Chairman.

WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., Deputy-
Chairman.

The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by
this Office will be found of a very moderate
character, but at the same time quite adequate
to the risk incurred.

FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent, of the
Profits, are assigned to Policies every fifth
year, and may be applied to increase the sum
insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or
to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
future Premiums.

ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insur-
ances of 500?. and upwards, for the whole term
of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy,
to be paid off at convenience ; or the Directors
will lend sums of 507. and upwards, on the
security of Policies effected with this Company
for the whole term of life, when they have
acquired an adequate value.

SECURITY. —Those who effect Insurances
with this Company are protected by its Sub-
scribed Capital of 750,0007., of which nearly
140,0007. is invested, from the risk incurred by
Members of Mutual Societies.

The satisfactory financial condition of the
Company, exclusive of the Subscribed and In-
vested Capital, will be seen by the following
Statement :
On the 31st October, 1853, the sums

Assured, including Bonus added,

amounted to - £2,500,000

The Premium Fund to more than - 800,000
And the Annual Income from the

same source, to 109,000

Insurances, without participation in Profits,
may be effected at reduced rates.

SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T.P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse\
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Lefner. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery. S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry.H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, II. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &e.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF
SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
s. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esg.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell,Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew. Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart,Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley,Esq.,Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.— Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
1007.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits:—

£ s. d.
• 1 14 4
- 1 18 8

-215

Age
32-

£ s. d.

- 2 10 8

- 2 18 6

- 3 8 2

27- -

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d.. Second Edition,
with material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's
Place, Trafalgar Square, London.

Established a.d. 1844.

TNVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

I may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON,

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
cation.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer.Gold,
50 sruineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 27., 37., and 47. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.

A GENTLEMAN who is quite
Conversant with the French, German,
and Italian Languages, and well acquainted
with Botany and Entomology, is desirous of
obtaining some permanent Employment. The
most satisfactory References as to competency
and respectability of family and connexions
can be given.

Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN,
Printer, 9. Devonshire Street, Bishopsgate
Street.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER

J\. ALE. — MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.

LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.

MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.

DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.

GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.

DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.

BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.

SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, is. 6rf. : double size, 4s. id. ; 7s. lid.
equal to 4 small; lis. to 6 small: 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6<7. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 11 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street:
JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork : BARRY, 9. Main
Street. Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROT1 1 Kit-. Glasgow j DUN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, ^Islington, at go. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish Mcf
8t. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Georuf. Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish ot bt. Dunstan in the west, iu me
Citj of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, May 20. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 239.]

Saturday, May 27. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, ,<y/.

CONTENTS.

Notes : —

Page

Reprints of Early Bibles, by the Rev.

R. Hooper, M.A. - - - 487

Marriage Licence of John. Gower, the

Poet, by W. H. Gunner - - 487

Aska or Asea .... 488

Legends of the County Clare, by Francis

Robert Davies - - - - 490

Archaic Words - - - - 491

Minor Notes : — Inscriptions on Build-
ings — Epitaphs — Numbers — Celtic
Language— Illustration of Longfellow :
"God's Acre" - - - - 492

Queries : —
John Locke

m

Minor Queries: — "The Village
Lawyer "—Richard Plantagenet, Earl
of Cambridge— Highland Regiment-
Ominous Storms— Edward Fitzgerald
Boyle Family— Inn Signs— Demo-
niacal Descent of the Plantagenets—
Anglo-Saxon Graves — Robert Brown
the Separatist— Commissions issued by
Charles I. at Oxford - - - 493

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Hogmanay— Longfellow's " Hyperion"
—Sir Hugh Myddelton— Sangarede—
Salubrity of Hallsal, near Ormskirk,
Lancashire — Athens — James Miller 495

Replies: —

Brydone, byLordMonson - - 496
Coleridge's Unpublished MSS., by C.

Mansfield Ingleby - - - 496

Mr. Justice Talfourd and Dr. Beattie - 497
Russian "Te Deum," by T. J. Buckton,

&c. ----- 4p8

Artesian Wells, by Henry Stephens, &c. 499

Dog-whippers .... 499
Cephas, a Binder, and not a Rock, by

T. J. Buckton, &c. - - - 500

Whittington's Stone - - - 501

Photographic Correspondence : —
PhotographieExperience— Conversion
of Calotype Negatives into Positives—
Albumenized Paper - - - 501

Replies to Minor Queries : — Table-
turning — Female Dress — Office of
Sexton held by one Family _ Lyra's
Commentary— Blackguard— " Atone-
ment' '—Bible of 1 527— Shrove Tuesday
— Milton's Correspondence — " Ver-
batim et literatim " — Epigrams - 502

Miscellaneous: —

Notes on Books, &c. - - - 504

Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 505

Notices to Correspondents - - 505

Vol. IX. — No. 239.

On June 1, in One Large Volume, super-royal
8vo., price 21. 12s. ad. cloth lettered.

pYCLOPiEDIA BIBLIOGRA-

\J PHICA : a Library Manual of Theo-
logical and General Literature, and Guide to
Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and
Literary Men, Analytical. Bibliographical, and
Biographical. By JAMES DARLING.

A PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and
Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of a
Postage Stamp.

London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great
Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

TO LITERARY MEN. PUBLISHERS,
AND OTHERS.

MESSRS. HOPPER & CO.,
Record Agents, &c, beg to acquaint the
Literary World, that they undertake Searches
among, and Transcripts from, the Public
Records, or other Ancient MSS., Translations
from the Norman-French, Latin, and other
Documents, &c.

*** MSS. bought, sold, or valued.

4. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN
TOWN.

THE ORIGINAL QUAD-
RILLES, composed for the PIANO
FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE MERTON.

London : Published for the Proprietor, and
may be had of C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond
Street ; and by Order of all Music Sellers.
PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.

Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6<Z.,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from. Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOnN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

This Day, with Woodcuts, fcp. 8vo., 5s.

THE OLD PRINTER AND
THE MODERN PRESS, in relation to
the important subject of CHEAP POPULAR
LITERATURE. By CHARLES KNIGHT.

Also, by the same Author, 2 vols. fcp. 8vo., 10s.

ONCE UPON A TIME.

"The old bees die, the young possess the
hive." — Shakspeare.

" They relate to all manner of topics— old
folks, old manners, old books ; and take them
all in all, they make up as charming a pair of
volumes as we have seen for many a long
day." _ Fraser's Magazine.

'*' Once upon a Time' is worth possessing." —
Examiner.

" This varied, pleasant, and informing col-
lection of Essays."— Spectator.

"Mr. Charles Knight's entertaining little
work is full of various knowledge agreeably
told." — Quarterly Review.

" This pleasant gallery of popular antiqua-
rianism. — John Bull.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

M

NEW WORK BY SIR DAVID BREW-
STER.
This Day, fcp. 8vo., 6s.

ORE WORLDS THAN ONE ;

_ the CREED of the PHILOSOPHER
and the HOPE of the CHRISTIAN. By SIR
DAVID BREWSTER.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

NEW WORK BY DEAN MILMAN.
Now ready, Vols. I. to III., 8vo., 36s.

HISTORY OF LATIN CHRIS-
TIANITY, including that of THE
POPES to the PONTIFICATE of NI-
CHOLAS V. By HENKY HART MIL-
MAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND.
Now ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 36s.

THE TREASURES OF ART
IN GREAT BRITAIN. Being an Ac-
count of the Chief Collections of Paintings,
Sculptures, MSS., &c, in this Country. By
DR. WAAGEN, Director of the Royal Gal-
lery of Pictures at Berlin.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

MURRAY'S
RAILWAY READING.

Now ready, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 8s.

ESSAYS FROM "THE
TIMES : " Being a Selection from the
Literary Papers which have appeared in that
Journal, reprinted by permission.

Contents :
Vol.1.
Nelson and Lady Hamilton.
Railway Novels.
Louis-Philippe and his Family.
John Howard.

Drama of the French Revolution.
Lord Holland's Reminiscences.
Robert Southey.

Dean Swift— Stella and Vanessa.
Reminiscences of Coleridge.
John Keats.

Grote's History of Greece.
Literature of the Rail.

Vol. II.
Lord Coke.

Discoveries at Nineveh.
Lord Mansfield.
Lion Hunting in Africa.
Jeremy Taylor.

Lord Clarendon and his Friends.
John Sterling.

Autobiography of a Chartist.
Americans in England.
Francis Chantrey.
Career of Lord Langdale.
Afghanistan.
The Greek Revolution.
Dickens and Thackeray.

*** Each Volume may be had separately.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

486

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

TT7ST PUBLISHED,

Price lis. to Non-Members.
The TWENTY-SEVENTH VOLUME of the SURTEES SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS, being

THE PONTIFICAL OF EGBERT, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK,
a.d. 732—766. Now first published from a MS. of the Tenth Century in the Imperial Library,

The other Publications of the SOCIETY are as under :

Paris.

REGINALDI Monachi Dunel-

mensis Libellus de Admirandis BEATI
CUTHBERTI Virtutibus. 15*.

ii.

WILLS and INVENTORIES,

illustrative of the History. Manners, Lan-
guage, Statistics, &c, of the Northern Counties
of England, from the Eleventh Century down-
wards. [Chiefly from the Registry at Durham.]
15s.

in.

The TOWNELEY MYSTE-

BIES. 15s.

TESTAMENTA EBORA-

CENSIA ; Wills illustrative of the History,
Manners, Language, Statistics, &c. of the
Province of York, from 1300 downwards, lis.

SANCTUARIUM DUNEL-

MENSE et SANCTUARIUM BEVERLA-
CENSE ; or Registers of the Sanctuaries of
Durham and Beverley. 15s.

THE CHARTERS OF En-
dowment, Inventories and Account Rolls
of the PRIORY of FINCHALE.in the County
of Durham. 15s.

rn.

CATALOGI Veteres Librorum

ECCLESI^E CATHEDRALIS DUNELM.
Catalogues of the Library of Durliam Cathe-
dral, at various periods, from the Conquest to
the Dissolution, including Catalogues of the
Library of the Abbey of Hulne, and of the
MSS. preserved in the Library of Bishop Cosin,
at Durham. 10s.

VIII.

MISCELLANEA BIOGRA-

PHICA. Lives of Oswin, King of Northum-
berland; Two Lives of Cuthbert, Bishop of
Lindisfarne ; and a Life of Eata, Bishop of
Hexham. 10s.

ix.

Historise Dunelmensis Scrip-
tores Tres. GAUFRIDUS de COLDING-
HAM, ROBERTUS de GRAYSTANES, et
WILLIELMUS de CHAMBRE, with the
omissions and mistakes in Wharton's Edition
supplied and corrected, and an Appendix of
665 original Documents, in illustration of the
Text. 15s.

x.

RITUALE ECCLESLE DU-

NELMENSIS s a Latin Ritual of the Ninth
Century, with an interlinear Northumbro-
Saxon Translation. 15s.

JORDAN FANTOSME'S

ANGLO-NORMAN CHRONICLE of the
War between the English and the Scots in
1173 and 1174, with a Translation, Notes, &c.,
by Francisque Michel, F.S.A. London and
Edinburgh. 15s.

XII.

Correspondence, Inventories,

Account Rolls, and Law Proceedings of the
PRIORY OF COLDINGHAM. 15s.

LIBER YITJE ECCLESIiE

DUNELMENSIS ; nee non Obituaria duo
Eju idem Ecclesiae. 10s.

The Correspondence of RO-
BERT BOWES, of Askc, Esq., Ambassador
of Queen Elizabeth to the Court of Scotland.
15s.

xv.

A Description, or Briefe De-
claration of all the ANCIENT MONU-
MENTS, RITES, and CUSTOMS belonging
to. or being within, the MONASTIC AL
CHURCH OF DURHAM, before the Sup-
pression. Written in 1593. 10s.

ANGLO-SAXON and EARLY

ENGLISH PSALTER, now first published
from MSS. in the British Museum. Vol. I.

The Correspondence of DR.

MATTHEW HUTTON, Archbishop of York.
With a Selection from the Letters of Sir Ti-
mothy Hutton, Knt., his Son, and Matthew
Hutton, Esq., his Grandson. 15s.

The DURHAM HOUSEHOLD

BOOK ; or, the Accounts of the Bursar of the
Monastery of Durham from 1530 to 1S34. 15s.

XIX.

ANGLO-SAXON and EARLY

ENGLISH PSALTER. Vol. II. 15s.

Libellus de Vita et Miraculis

S. GODRICI, Heremita; de FINCHALE,
auctore REGINALDO Monacho Dunelmensi.
15s.

XXI.

DEPOSITIONS respecting the

REBELLION OF 1569, WITCHCRAFT, and
other ECCLESIASTICAL PROCEEDINGS,
from the Court of Durham, extending from
131 1 to the Reign of Elizabeth. 15s.

The INJUNCTIONS and other

ECCLESIASTICAL PROCEEDINGS of
RICHARD BARNES, Bishop of Durham
(1577-1587). 25s.

xxm.

The ANGLO-SAXON HYM-

NARIUM, from MSS. of the Xlth Century, in
Durham, the British Museum, &c. 25s.

XXIV.

The MEMOIR OF MR. SUR-

TEES, by the late George Taylor, Esq. Re-
printed from the Fourth Volume of the His-
tory of Durham, with additional Notes and
Illustrations, together with an Appendix, com-
prising some of Mr. Surtees' Correspondence,
Poetry, &c. 16s.

xxv.

The BOLDON BOOK, or

SURVEY OF DURHAM in 1183. 10s. 6rf.

WILLS and INVENTORIES,

illustrative of the History, Manners, Lan-
guage, Statistics, &c, of the Counties of York,
Westmoreland, and Lancaster, from the Four-
teenth Century downwards. (.From the Re-
gistry at Richmond.)

Published for the SOCIETY by GEORGE ANDREWS, Bookseller, Durham ; WHITTAKER
& Co., 13. Ave Maria Lane, London ; T. & W. BOONE, 29. New Bond Street, London ; and
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh ; from whom they may be procured through
any Bookseller in Town or Country.

ARRANGEMENT

FOB

TK1II (g@5W^§A20@[N][I8

at the
HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS,

On TUESDAY, May 30, 1854.

The Rooms will be open at Eight o'clock.

A SELECTION OF MUSIC

(By the Band of the Royal Regiment of Horse
Guards)

WILL BE PERFORMED DURING THE EVENING.

In the Rooms will be Exhibited Specimens
of_
Electroplate, by Messrs. F. Elkington.

China and Statuettes, by Mr. Alderman Cope-
land.

Bronzes, by Messrs. Jackson & Graham.

Fine Arts in Electroplating, Metallurgy, &c,
by Mr. Charles Elkington & Co.

Etruscan Vases, by Messrs. Battam & Co.

Papier Macho1, by Messrs. Jennens & Bettridge.

Stamped Leather, by Mr. Leake.

Lace, by M. Brie.

Wax Models, by M. Montanari.

Artificial Flowers, by Mr. Hill.

Leather Carving, by Mr. Sandars.

Cromo-Lithography, by Messrs. Hahnhart &
Sou.

Porcelain and Parian, by Messrs. Alcock.

Scientific Models, by Messrs. Watkins & Hill.

And many other Objects of Novelty and
Interest.

FINE ARTS.

Paintings By Messrs, Knight, R.A.,Uwins,

R.A., Cope, R.A., the late W . Etty, R.A. and
Drawings by John Hayter, Hum, D. Cox,
John Lewis, Bright, Frederick Tayler, Col-
lingwood Smith, Richardson, Mttller, Vacher,
D'Egville, CJallam, RowUothain, &c, Essex
(Enamels), Faed (.Engravings), etc., etc.

Sculpture. — By Messrs. Behnes, Calder
Marshall, Matthew Noble, &c, &c.

Microscopes. — By Messrs. Smith & Beck,
Pillischer, Topping, Varly, Salmon, Ladd, and
by Members of the Microscopic Society.

Stereoscopes, Daouerrotypes, and Photo-
graphs. — By Messrs. Beard, Bland, and Long,
Claudet, Dickenson, Duppa, Home, Thorn-
thwaite & Co., Kilburn, Laad, Laroche, Mayall,
Pillischer, Royal Panopticon of Art, and a
variety of Photographic Drawings by eminent
Amateurs.

Tickets may be had at the Hospital, 32. Golden
Square ; of Messrs. Aylott & Jones, Pater-
noster Row ; Mr. Bailliere, 219. Regent Street ;
Mr. Headland, 15. Princes Street, Hanover
Square s Mr. Leath, Vere Street, Cavendish
Square, and St, Paul's Churchward; Mr.
Walker, Conduit Street ; Mr. James Epps,
Great Russell Street, Bloomslmry Square, and
Broad Street, City ; Mr. Turner, Piccadilly,
Manchester ; Mr. Thompson, Liverpool ; and
at all the Homoeopathic Chemists and Book-
sellers.

Single Tickets, 7s. 6<Z. ; Family Tickets to
admit Four, 12.4s.

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

487

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1854.
REPRINTS OF EARLY BIBLES.

In 1833 the authorities of the Clarendon Press
put forth a quarto reprint, word for word, page
for page, and letter for letter, of the first large
black-letter folio edition of 1611, of the present
authorised or Royal version of the Bible. So
accurate was it, that even manifest errors of the
press were retained. It was published that the
reader might judge whether the original standard
could still be exactly followed. It was accom-
panied by a collation with a smaller black-letter
folio of 1613, in preference to the larger folio of
that year, as no two copies (entire) of the latter
could be found, all the sheets of which corre-
sponded precisely :

" Many of these copies contain sheets belonging, as
may clearly be proved, to editions of more recent date ;
and even those which appear to be still as they were
originally published, are made up partly from the edi-
tion printed at the time, and partly from the remains
of earlier impressions."

Now this is a most interesting subject to all
lovers of our dear old English Bible. It is sup-
posed the translators revised their work for the
1613 edition (after two years) ; yet the collation
with the small folio of that year, shows little or no
improvement, rather the contrary. I possess a
small quarto edition of 1613 (black-letter, by
Barker), not mentioned by our more eminent
bibliographers, which, while admitting the better
corrections, adheres to the old 1611 folio, where
the small folio of 1613 unnecessarily deviates. It
is certainly, I consider, a most valuable impres-
sion. I have lately purchased a magnificent copy
of the great folio of 1613. It is in the original
thick oak binding, with huge brass clasps, corners,
and bosses ; and appears to have been chained to
a reading-desk. In collating it, I find a sheet or
two in 1 Samuel and St. Matthew most carefully
supplied from an earlier impression. The titles
both to the Old and New Testaments are exactly
the same as those of the folio 1611, with the ex-
ception of the date 1613 for 1611. It has been
gloriously used, and the imagination revels in the
thought of the eyes and hearts that must have
been blessed by its perusal. I am not sufficiently
conversant with our earlier translations to iden-
tify, without reference, the sheets of the inserted
edition, and I have not time to refer. I may only
say that there is a most quaint woodcut of little
David slinging a stone at the giant Goliath. A
slight collation of Genesis shows me this large
edition agrees in corrections with the small one
the Clarendon Press authorities used, though my
quarto 1613 differs, adhering, as I said before,

more closely to the original standard of 1611. I
would put a Query or two to your many readers.
1. Was the great folio 1613 ever published entire,
or are the sheets I have indicated supplied in
every known copy, some from earlier, some from
later, impressions ? 2. Is it an established fact,
that the translators revised their work in 1613 ?
3. What is the small quarto of 1613 I have men-
tioned,?

Lastly, would it not be an interesting enter-
prise to reprint our various translations of the
holy volume in a cheap and uniform series, like
the Parker Society published the Liturgy ? A
society might be formed by subscription to sup-
port such an object. We might have Coverdale's,
Matthews', Cranmer's, Taverner's, the Geneva
(1560), the Bishops' (Parker's, 1568), and the
noble authorised (Royal 1611), with their varia-
tions noted. I cannot see any harm would arise ;
and surely it might give an impulse to that noblest
of all studies, the study of God's Word. What
grander volume for simplicity and elegance of
language, for true Anglo-Saxon idiom, than our
present venerated translation ? What book that
could interest more than Cranmer's Great Bible
of 1539, from whence our familiar Prayer-Book
version of the Psalms is taken ? It would give
me heartfelt pleasure to contribute my humble
efforts in such a cause. Richard Hooper, M.A.

St. Stephen's, Westminster.

MARRIAGE LICENCE OF JOHN GOWER THE POET.

The following special licence of marriage, ex-
tracted from the Register of William of Wykeham,
preserved in the registry at Winchester, is a
curious document in itself; but if, as there is
much reason for supposing, the person on whose
behalf it was granted was no less a man than the
illustrious poet — the "moral Gower" — the in-
terest attached to it is very much enhanced : and
for this reason I am desirous of giving it publicity
through the columns of "N. & Q." — a fit place
for recording such pieces of information, relating
to the lives of men eminent in the annals of litera-
ture. I have not been able to find any notice of
the marriage of John Gower in the books to which
I have been able to refer ; and, though it may be
perhaps an event of little importance, it is one
which a faithful biographer would never omit to
mention. The document is as follows :

" Willelmus permissione divina Wyntoniensis Epi-
scopus, dilecto in Christo Alio, domino Wilielmo,
capellano parochiali ecclesiae S. Maria? Magdalena? in
Suthwerk, nostra? diocesis, salutem, gratiam, et bene-
dictionem. Ut matrimonium inter Joannem Gower
et Agnetem Groundolf dicta? ecclesia? parochianos sine
ulteriore bannorum editione, dumtamen aliud canoni-
cum non obsistat, extra ecclesiam parochialem, in

488

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

Oratorio ipsius Joannis Gower infra hospicium cum
in prioratu B. Maria de Overee in Suthwerk prajdicta
situatum, solempnizare valeas licenciam tibi tenore
prasentium, quatenus ad nos attinet, concedimus spe-
eialem. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum
fecimus his apponi. Dat. in manerio nostro de alta
clera vicesimo quinto die mensis Januarii, a.d. 1397,
ct nostras consecrationis 31 mo."

The connexion of the poet Gower with the
priory of St. Mary Overy is well known ; as well
as his munificence in contributing very largely to
the reconstruction of the church of the priory, in
which he also founded a chantry, and where his
tomb still exists. It would appear from this docu-
ment, that he actually resided within the priory.

This marriage must have taken place late in his
life. The year of his birth is unknown. He is
said to have been somewhat older than Chaucer,
the date of whose birth is also uncertain ; there
being some grounds for assigning it to 1328,
others, perhaps more satisfactory, for fixing it
1345. If the latter be correct, and if we allow
for the disparity of age, we may suppose Gower
to have been somewhere between fifty-five and
sixty years of age at the time of his marriage with
Agnes Groundolf. W. H. Gunner.

Winchester.

[A reference to the will of Gower, which is printed
in Todd's Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer, p. 87. et seq.,
confirms the accuracy of our correspondent's inference,
that this is the marriage licence of the poet, inasmuch as
it shows that the Christian name of Gower's wife was
Agnes. —Ed. " N. & Q."]

ASKA OR ASCA.

Throughout North America this dissyllable is
found terminating names in localities, occupied at
the present day by Indian tribes speaking very
different languages ; and, in these languages, with
the exception of such names, few analogous sounds
exist. There are, besides, names terminating in
esco, isco, isca, escaiv, iscaw, uscaw, which, perhaps,
may be placed in the same category, being only
accidental variations of aska, arising from a dif-
ference of ear in those who first heard them
pronounced by a native tongue.

Are these names vernacular in any of the mo-
dern Indian languages ? and, if so, what is their
real meaning ? I propound these questions for
solution by any of the gentlemen at Fort Chepe-
wyan, Norway House, &c. (since, no doubt, " N.
& Q." penetrates the Far West as well as the Far
East), who may feel an interest in the subject.

Apparently, they have been imposed by a people
who occupied the whole continent from sea to sea,
as they occur from Hudson's Bay to Yucatan, and
from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

Were the American nations originally of one
tongue ? Humboldt, Du Ponceau, and others have
remarked that striking analogies of grammatical
construction exist in all American languages,
from the Eskimo to the Fuegian, although differ-
ing entirely in their roots. Dr. Prichard says, —

" There are peculiarities in the very nature of the
American languages which are likely to produce great
variety in words, and to obliterate in a comparatively
short period the traces of resemblance." — Phys. Hist.
&c, vol. v. p. 317.

It may be only a curious coincidence, but it is
undoubtedly true, that, with scarcely one excep-
tion, all names (we might almost say words) so
terminating are more or less connected with
water. The exception (if it really be one) is
Masca, which I have found among my old notes,
followed by the word Montague ; but nothing
more, and I have forgotten all about it.

For the rest, the varieties in isca, &c, spoken
of before, are chiefly to be found in the northern
countries, towards Hudson's and James' Bay, &c,
where the present spoken languages are the Es-
kimo or Karalit, the Cree, and the Montagnard
dialect of the Algonkin, viz. Agomisca, island in
James' Bay ; Meminisca, lake on Albany River ;
Nemiskau, a lake; Pasquamisco, on James' Bay;
then, Keenwapiscaw, lake ; Naosquiscaw, ditto ;
Nepiscaw, ditto ; Camipescaw, ditto ; Caniapus-
caw, ditto and river : the last five lie between the
head waters of the Saguenay and the bottom of
James' Bay.

Again, beginning at the extreme west, we find
Oonalaska, or Agoun Aliaska, or (according to
the natives) Nagoun Alaska, an island abounding
in fine springs and rivulets. Nor should I omit
another of the Aleutian islands, called Kiska.

Alaska, or Aliaska, a peninsula. The language
in these instances is a branch of the Eskimo.

Athabaska (Atapescow of Malte-Brun), lake
and river. M'Kenzie says that the word means,
in the Knistenaux language, a flat, low, swampy
country, liable to inundations (edit. 4to., p. 122.).
Here I repeat the question, is the word verna-
cular, or only adopted ? In such vocabularies as
I have seen, there is nothing bearing the slightest
relationship to it. In one given by Dr. Latham
(Varieties of Man, &c, pp. 208-9.), water, in the
Cbepewyan, is tone, and river, tesse.

Itaska, the small lake whence the Mississippi has
its origin. The languages prevalent in the adja-
cent country would be the Sioux, and the Chippe-
way branch of the Algonquino.

Wapiscow, river. Language, Cree ?

Nebraska, " The Shallow River," said to be the
name of the Platte in the Sioux language.

Mochasko, "Always full;" another river so
called in the Sioux. Query, Are these two ver-
nacular ? Watapan is river in that language. ,

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

489

Oanoska is a Sioux word, meaning " The Great
Avenue or Stretch;" but whether it applies to a
river I have forgotten. The quotation is from
Long's Expedit. to St. Peters River, vol. i. p. 339.,
to which 1 have not access just now. Atamaska
and Madagaska are two names of which I can
give no account, for the same reason as stated
above at Maska.

Arthabaska is (or was) a very swampy town-
ship so named, lying south of the St. Lawrence.

Maskinonge (also the name of a fish) in which
the sound occurs, although not as a termination,
is a seigneurie on the north bank of the St. Law-
rence, of which the part near the river is so low
that it is inundated frequently. A river of the
same name runs through this seigneurie. Both
the foregoing are in the country where the Iro-
quois language prevailed.

Zoraska, or Zawraska, name of a river some-
where between Quebec and James' Bay, of which
I know nothing more, having only heard it spoken
of by moose-hunters. Probably it is in a country
where the language would be the Montagnard.

Yamaska, a river on the south side of the St.
Lawrence, having much marshy ground about it,
particularly near its junction with the Grand
River.

Kamouraska, or Camouraska, islands in the St.
Lawrence below Quebec, taking their name from
a seigneurie on the mainland ; a level plain sur-
rounded by hills, and dotted all over with mounds.
Bouchette says, —

" D'apres la position, l'apparence, et l'exacte ressem-
blance de ces especes d'iles en terre-firme avec celles
de Camouraska, entre lesquelles et le rivage le lit de la
riviere est presqu'a sec a la maree basse, le naturaliste
sera fortement porte a croire que ce qui forme a pre-
sent le continent eta it, a une epoque quelconque, sub-
merge par les vagues immenses du St. Laurent, et que
les elevations en question formaient des iles, ou des
rocbers exposes a Taction de l'eau," &c. — Description
de Bas- Canada, &c, p. 551.

There can be no doubt, if aska relate to water,
that this district is appropriately named.

We may presume the language prevalent here
to have been the Algonquin, since the inhabitants,
when first visited by Europeans, were either the
Micmac or Abenaqui, both tribes of that great
family.

Still farther eastward, flowing from Lake Temis-
conata into the River St. John, we find the Mada-
waska, in a country where the language was either
the Abenaqui, or a dialect of the Huron, said to
be spoken by the Melicite Indians of the St. John.
Aska does not occur again in this part of North
America, as far as I can ascertain ; but on looking
southward it does so, and under similar circum-
stances, viz. associated with water.

Tabasca, or Tobasco (for it is written both
ways), a country on the borders of Yucatan, de-

scribed by the conquerors as difficult to march
through, on account of numerous pools of water
and extensive swamps. Clavigero says the pre-
sent name was given by the Spaniards ; but I
know of no Spanish word at all resembling it,
therefore presume they must have adopted the
native appellation. The language was, and per-
haps is, the Maya.

Tarasca ; name of a people inhabiting the coun-
try of Mechouacan, celebrated for its numerous
fountains of fine water. Language appears to
have been Mexican. (See Clavigero, vol. i. p. 10.,
edit. 4to., Cullen's Trans. ; and Dr. Prichard's
Phys. Hist, &c, vol. v. p. 340.)

The mention of Tarasca reminds one of Taras-
con, also written Tarasca. Two instances occur
in the country of Celtic Gaul ; both on rivers :
the one on the Rhone, the other on the Arriege.

Having for the present finished with America,
one is naturally led to inquire whether asca occurs
in other parts of the world, in like manner asso-
ciated with water. Before doing so, however, I
would observe that Thompson, in his Essay on
Etymologies, &c, p. 10., remarks that "The Gothic
termination sk, the origin of our ish, the Saxon
isk, signifying assimilated, identified, is used in all
dialects, to the very shores of China," &c. He in-
stances "Tobolsk" and "Uvalsk." If, then, it be
true that a and ab are primitive sounds denoting
water in many languages, may we not here have a
combination of a and sk ?

But to proceed. Malte Brun mentions a city
in Arabia called "Asca," one of the places sacked
by the expedition under Elius Gallus {Precis de
la Geographie, &c, vol. i. p. 179.). Generally
speaking, Arabia is not abounding in waters ; but
that very circumstance renders celebrated, more
or less, every locality where they do abound and
are pure. The city, therefore, might have been
notable for its walls and fountains of pure water.

Aska is the name of a river in Japan, remark-
able for its great depth, and for frequently chang-
ing its course (Golownin, vol. iii. p. 149.).

In north-eastern Asia we find a river called
after the Tongouse, Tongousca. Query, Tungouse-
asca ? and, following up Thompson's examples
before mentioned, we may name Yakutsk, Ir-
kutsk, Ochotsk, Kamtchatka, &c, all intimately
connected with water. Then there is Kandalask,
a gulf of the White Sea ; Tchesk, another ; Ka-
niska-Zemblia, an island, &c. In Spain, Huesca
is on the river Barbato. The two Gradiskas in
Hungary, &c. are the one on the Save, the other
on the Lisonzo.

Zaleski (Pereslav) is seated on a lake ; but
Malte-Brun says the name means " au-dela des
bois." This may or may not be the case. The
sound is here, and in connexion with water. Pul-
tusk is nearly surrounded by water, the Narew.
Askersan, in Sweden, stands on a lake. Gascon,

490

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 239.

says Rafinesque, means " beyond the sea " (Ame-
rican Nations, &c, No. 2. p. 41.).

Madagascar. Curious the similarity between
this name of an island and the American names
Madagaska and Madawaska. By the way, I for-
got to notice of this last, that Captain Levinge, in
his Echoes from the Back Woods, &c, vol. i. p. 150.,
derives it from Madawas (Micmac), a "porcupine;"
whilst The Angler in Canada (Lanman), p. 229.,
says that it means " never frozen," because part of
the river never freezes. Which is right ?

Tcherkask. Every one knows that the] capital
of the Don Cossacks is eminently a water city.
According to Pallas, the Circassians (Tcherkesses)
once were located in the Crimea. They may have
extended their influence to the Don, and the name
in question may be a synthetic form of Tcher-
kesse-aska.

Damasca (Latinised Damascus) is famed all
over the East for its waters. The name of the
ancient city was Damas, " Le Demechk, ou
Chamel-Dimichk, des Orientaux " (Malte-Brun,
viii. 215.).

The modern city is said to be called Damas, or
Domeschk, though it seems more generally known
as El Sham. Bryant says it was called by the
natives Damasec and Damakir, the latter meaning
the city (Caer?) of Dama, or of Adama (Mytho-
logy, &c, vol. 3. p. 69.). Can it have once been
Adama, or Dama-asca?

In Great Britain we have rivers and lakes called
severally Esk, Exe or Isca, Axe, and Usk.

Axe seems to have been written Asca at one
time ; for Lambarde gives Ascanmynster as the
Saxon name of Axminster. Hence, also, we may
infer that Axholme Island was once Ascanholme.
The Exe was probably Esk, i. e. water, or river :
it certainly was Uske. Iska is the British Isk
Latinised by Ptolemy ; for Camden says Exeter
was called by the Welsh Caerish, &c. Usk or
Uske was written Osca by Gyraldo Cainb. (See
Lambarde.)

Kyleska, or Glendha, ferry in Sutherlandshire.
Kyle-aska ? Kyles (Ir.), a frith or strait.

Ask occurs frequently as the first syllable of
names in England, and such places will be almost
invariably found connected with water. Camden
mentions a family of distinguished men in Rich-
mondshire named Aske, from whom perhaps some
places derive their names, as p. ex. the Askhams,
Askemoore, &c. Askrigg, however, being in the
neighbourhood of some remarkable waterfalls
(Camden), may have reference to them.

Now, from places let us turn to things, first
noticing that usk, in modern Welsh, means river.
In Irish, uisce or uiske is water. In Hebrew and
Chaldee, his'ca is to wash or to drink. (See In-
troduction to Valancey's Irish Dictionary.) In
the same we find ascu (ancient Irish), a water-
serpent or dog ; iasc, fish ; ease (Irish), water,

same as esk. Chalmers, in " Caledonia," &c, has
ease or esc (Gael.), water ; ease Ian (Gael.), the
full water.

Askalabos (Greek), a newt or water reptile ; and
asker, askard, askel, ask, and esk, in provincial
English, a water-newt. (See Archaic Dictionary.)

Masca, the female sea-otter ; so called by the
Russians.

Askalopas (Greek), a woodcock or snipe, i. e. a
swamp-bird.

As I said before, there are few words in any of
the Indian languages of North America in which
the sound ask occurs ; at least as far as my limited
acquaintance with them goes. The only two I
can quote just now are both in the Chippeway.
One only has direct reference to water ; perhaps
the other may indirectly.' They are, woyzask,
rushes, water-plants ; mejask, herb, or grass. The
only grass the forest Indians are likely to be ac-
quainted with is that growing in the natural mea-
dows along the river banks, which are occasionally
met with, and these in general are pretty swampy.

We may wind up with our cask and flask. I
could have added much more, but fear already to
have exceeded what might hope for admittance in
your pages ; therefore I will only say that, in offer-
ing these remarks, I insist on nothing, and stand
ready to submit to any correction. A. C. M.

Exeter.

LEGENDS OF THE COUNTY CLARE.

About two miles from the village of Corofin,
in the west of Clare, are the ruins of the
Castle of Ballyportree, consisting of a massive
square tower surrounded by a wall, at the
corners of which are smaller round towers : the
outer wall was also surrounded by a ditch. The
castle is still so far perfect that the lower part is
inhabited by a farmer's family ; and in some of the
upper rooms are still remaining massive chimney-
pieces of grey limestone, of a very modern form,
the horizontal portions of which are ornamented
with a quatrefoil ornament engraved within a circle,
but there are no dates or armorial bearings : from
the windows of the castle four others are visible,
none of them more than two miles from each other ;
and a very large cromlech is within a few yards
of the castle ditch. The following legend is related
of the castle: — When the Danes were building
the castle (the Danes were the great builders, as
Oliver Cromwell was the great destroyer of all the
old castles, abbeys, &c. in Ireland), — when the
Danes were building the Castle of Ballyportree,
they collected workmen from all quarters, and
forced them to labour night and day without stop-
ping for rest or food ; and according as any of them
fell down from exhaustion, his body was thrown
upon the wall, which was built up over him ! When

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

491

the castle was finished, its inhabitants tyrannised
over the whole country, until the time arrived
when the Danes were finally expelled from Ire-
land. Ballyportree Castle held out to the last,
but at length it was taken after a fierce resistance,
only three of the garrison being found alive, who
proved to be a father and his two sons ; the in-
furiated conquerors were about to kill them also,
when one of them proposed that their lives should
be spared, and a free passage to their own country
given them, on condition that they taught the
Irishmen how to brew the famous ale from the
heather — that secret so eagerly coveted by the
Irish, and so zealously guarded by the Danes. At
first neither promises nor threats had any effect on
the prisoners, but at length the elder warrior con-
sented to tell the secret on condition that his two
sons should first be put to death before his eyes,
alleging his fear, that when he returned to his own
country, they might cause him to be put to death
for betraying the secret. Though somewhat sur-
prised at his request, the Irish chieftains imme-
diately complied with it, and the young men were
slain. Then the old warrior exclaimed, " Fools !
I saw that your threats and your promises were
beginning to influence my sons; for they were but
boys, and might have yielded : but now the secret
is safe, your threats or your promises have no effect
on me ! " Enraged at their disappointment, the
Irish soldiers hewed the stern northman in pieces,
and the coveted secret is still unrevealed.

In the South of Scotland a legend, almost word
for word the same as the above, is told of an old
castle there, with the exception that, instead of
Danes, the old warrior and his sons are called
Pechts. After the slaughter of his sons the old
man's eyes are put out, and he is left to drag on a
miserable existence : he lives to an immense old
age, and one day, when all the generation that
fought with him have passed away, he hears the
young men celebrating the feats of strength per-
formed by one of their number ; the old Pecht
asks for the victor, and requests him to let him
feel his wrist ; the young man feigns compliance
with his request, but places an iron crow-bar in the
old man's hand instead of his wrist ; the old Pecht
snaps the bar of iron in two with his fingers, re-
marking quietly to the astounded spectators, that
'_' it is a gey bit gristle, and has not much pith in
it yet." The story is told in the second volume
of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, first series, I
think; but I have not the volume at hand to refer
to. _ The similarity between the two legends is
curious and interesting.

Francis Robert Davies.

ARCHAIC WORDS.

(Vol. vii., p. 400., &c.)

The following list of words, which do not ap-
pear in Mr. Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic
Words, may form some contribution, however
small, to the enlargement of that and of some of
our more comprehensive English dictionaries. It
falls in with the desire already expressed in "N. &
Q. ;" and, if the present paper seem worth insert-
ing, may be followed by another. In some few
cases, though the word does appear in Mr. Halli-
well's columns, an authority is deficient; instances
having as it were turned up, and in rather un-
common sources, which seemed occasionally worth
supplying. It must be observed that the explan-
ations given are, in some instances, mere conjec-
tures, and await more certain and accurate in-
terpretation :

Aege, age. The Festyvall, fol. cxii. recto, edit. 1528.

Advyse, to view attentively. Strype's Memorials,
under Mary, ch. xxviii. p. 234., folio, or vol. iv.
p. 384. edit. 1816.

Apause, to check. Foxe, Acts and Monuments, vii.
647. ; and Merchant's Second Tale, 2093.

Assemble, to resemble. Bale's Image of both Churches,
Part II. p. 378., edit. 1849.

Beclepe, to embrace. The Festyvall, fol. xxxvi. recto,
edit. 1528 : " The ymage — becleped the knyght about
the necke, and kyssed bym."

Bluck, .... (?) " So the true men shall be hunted
and blucked." — The Festyvall, fol. xxvi. recto.

Boystously, roughly. " Salome — boystously handled
our Lady." — The Festyvall, fol. lxvii. verso.

Brince, to introduce, hand out, propino. " Luther
first brinced to Germany the poisoned cup of his
heresies." — Harding in Bishop Jewel's Works, vol. iv.
p. 335., edit. Oxford, 1848.

Bussing. " Without the blind bussings of a Papist,
may no sin be solved." — Bishop Bale's Image of both
Churches on the Revelation, ch. xiii. p. 431., edit.
Cambridge, 1849.

Croked. A curious application of this word occurs
in The Festyvall, fol. cxxviii. recto : " A croked coun-
tenance."

Daying, arbitration. Jewel's Works, i. 387. See
Dr. Jelf's note, in loc.

Dedeful, operative? " This vertue is dedefull to all
Chrysten people." — The Festyvall, fol. clxxii. recto.

Do, to do forth ; meaning, to proceed with, to go
on with, occurs in The Festyvall, fol. viii. verso.

Domageable, injurious. The Festyvall, fol. cxi. recto:
" How domageable it is to them which use for to saye
in theyr bargens and marchaundyses, makynge to the
prejudyce — of their soules."

Dyssclaunderer, a calumniator. " To stone hym
(Stephen) to deth as for a dyssclaunderer." — The
Festyvall, fol. lxx. verso.

Enclense, to make clean. The Festyvall, fol. lxxxviii.
recto.

Enforcement, effort? Erasmus' Enchiridion, 1533,
Rule IV. ch. xii.

492

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

Engrease, to overfeed. " Riches, wherewithal they
are fatted and engreased like swine." — Foxe's Acts
and Monuments, v. 615. edit. 1843.

Ensignement, (?) The Fe&tyvall, fol. cliv.

recto : " And whan all the people come so togyder at
this ensignement."

Entrecounter, to oppose. Brook's Sermon, 1553,
quoted in Foxe's Acts and Monuments, vol. viii. p. 782.

Fele. An application of this word may be quoted,
partaking of a Grecism, unless we mistake : " And
whan the people felte the smell therof." — The Festyvall,
fol. c. recto.

Fhjtterynge: "lyghtnynge, and not flytterynge." — The
Festyvall, fol. xliv. verso, edit. 1528.

Novus.

Inscriptions on Buildings. — The following in-
scriptions are taken from buildings connected with
the hospital of Spital-in-the-Street, co. Lincoln.

On the chapel :

Fvi
Non

SVM

A0 Dni 1398"]

Fvi . 1594 \

. . 1616 J

Dose Dei & Pavpervm.

Qvi Hanc Devs Hvnc Destrvet."

On the wall of a cottage, formerly one of the
alms-houses :

" Deo et Divitibvs.
A0 Dni 1620."

On the wall of a building now used as a barn,
but formerly the Court-house, in which the Quar-
ter Sessions for the parts of Lindsey were formerly
held, before their transfer to Kirton in Lindsey :

" Fiat Ivstitia.

1619."

"H.<ec Domvs

Dit, Amat, Pvnit, Conservat, Hovorat,

Eqvitiam, Pacem, Crisiina, Jvra, Bonos."

L. L. L.

Epitaphs. — The following specimen of rural

monumental Latin is copied from a tombstone in

the churchyard of Henbury, Gloucestershire :

" Hie jacet

Requiesant in pace,

Henricus Parsones.

Qui obtit xxv. die Junes,

Anno Dominii mdcccxlv,

^Etatis suae xx.

Cujus animia proprietur Christus."

The following is from the churchyard of King-
ston-Seymour, Somersetshire :

" J. H.

He was universally beloved in the circle of
His acquaintance ; but united
In his death the esteem of all,
Namely, by bequeathing his remains."

J. K. R. W.

Numbers. — We occasionally see calculations of
how often a given number of persons may vary
their position at a table, and each time produce a
fresh arrangement. I believe the result may be
arrived at by progressive multiplication, as thus :

Twice 1 - - - -2

3

Giving for three persons - 6 changes.
_4

Giving for four persons - 24 changes.

5

Giving for five persons

120 changes.
6

Giving for six persons - 720 changes,
and so one. Probably also change-ringing is go-
verned by the same mode of calculation.

J. D. Allcroft.

Celtic Language. — As fraus latet in generations
in linguistics as in law, I beg to suggest that, in-
stead of using the word Celtic, the words Gaelic,
Cymbric, Breton, Armorican, Welsh, Irish, &c. might
be properly appropriated. The mother Celtic is
lost, — her remains are to be found only in the
names of mountains, rivers, and countries ; and
our knowledge of this tongue is derived from an
acquaintance with her two principal daughters,
the Gaelic and Cymbric (=Kymric). The Gaelic
tongue has been driven by Germanic invasion
into Ireland (Erse), and into the Highlands of
Scotland (Gaelic). The Cymbric tongue first took
refuge in Belgium, known afterwards as Brpton,
and still lives as Welsh and Bas-Breton, which
(and not the Gaelic) is nearest of kin in some
words to the Latin and Italian.

To understand this subject, the profound induc-
tion of Eichhoff must be studied carefully.

T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.

Illustration of Longfellow — " God's Acre." —
Longfellow's very beautiful little poem, com-
mencing :

" I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls
The burial-ground God's acre."

is doubtless familiar to all your readers. It may
interest some of them to know, that the " ancient
Saxon phrase" has not yet become obsolete. I
read the words " gottes acker," when at Basle
last autumn, inscribed over the entrance to a
modern cemetery, just outside the St. Paul's Gate
of that city. W. Sparrow Simpson.

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

493

dtatrtaf*

JOHN LOCKE.

I shall be much obliged if any gentleman who
has the power of access to the registers of Wring-

ton, Somerset, or who may otherwise take an inte-
rest in the descent of John Locke the philosopher,
will kindly assist me to prove that the parents of
that eminent man were as supposed to be in the
accompanying pedigree.

Edmund Keene of Wrington,=Mary, daughter of described as a widow,

county Somerset. I October 15, 1631. (Court RolL)

Edmund Keene of=Frances, daugh-

John.

Wrington, Yeo-
man. Will dated
September 12,
1667 (in which
he mentions his
" loving brother
Peter Locke."
Who was he P)

ter of .
Locke (?). Ex-
ecutrix of her
husband's will.

I
Richard (?).

Agnes Keene, married=John Locke
at Wrington, July 15, •
1630. :

A

Morris.

John Locke the philosopher, baptized August 29, 1632.

I
Samuel Keene.

I

John, bap-
tized Oc-
tober 8,
1635.

Peter. Sarah.

Both baptized Oc-
tober 24, 1639.

Frances Keene. (Daughter of=Joseph Watkins of
Samuel or John ?) I Abingdon.

I
Mary, baptized at Wrington, February 27,1633,= John Darbie of
by her father's will had lands at Wrington Shirbourne,
and Ley. Will dat. August 16, 1717, by
which she devised her estate at Wrington
to her niece Frances Watkins of Abingdon,
widow, remainder to her son Joseph. Died
November 27, 1717.

Dorset,
Mercer.
(Deed, Au-
gust 16, 1676.)

Joseph Watkins of Clapton, Middlesex, Esq.=Magdalen, daughter of

A

I observe that in Chalmers' Dictionary the
mother of Locke is called Anne, whereas, in the
Wrington register, I am informed that it appears
as Agnes, — " 1630, July 15, (married) John
Locke and Agnes Keene." I believe, however,
that in former days Anne and Agnes were not
unfrequently confounded, so that the apparent
discrepancy may not be material.

The best evidence that is at present within my
reach, in support of the connexion here given, is a
letter from Mrs. Frances Watkins, a daughter of
either Samuel or John Keene, dated "Abingdon,
January, 1754," addressed to her son " Joseph
Watkins, Esq., at John's Coffee House, Cornhill,
London," and from which I make the following
extract for the information of those who may be
disposed to look into this question. She says, —

" I am allied to Mr. Lock thu« : His father and my
grandmother were brother and sister, and his mother
and my grandfather were also sister and brother, con-
sequently my father and the great Lock were doubly
first cousins. My grandfather's sister and my grand-
mother's brother produced this wonder of the world.
To make you more sensible of it, a Lock married a
Keen, and a Keen married a Lock. My aunt Keen
was a most beautiful woman, as was all the family ;
and my uncle Lock an extream wise man. So much
for genealogy. My Lord Chancellor King was allied
thus near. I forgett whether his mother was a Keen
or a Lock. I had this information from my aunt
Darby. Mr. Lock had no advantage in his person, but
was a very fine gentleman. From foreign Courts they
used to write, ' For John Lock, Esq., in England.'"

C.J.

fflinax eauemtf.

" The Village Lawyer? — Can you inform me
who is the author of that very popular farce, The
Village Lawyer? It was first acted about the
year 1787. It has been ascribed to Mr. Ma-
cready, the father of Mr. W. C. Macready, the
eminent tragedian. The real author, however, is
6aid to have been a dissenting minister in Dublin,
and I would be obliged to any of your readers
who could give me his name. Sigma.

Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge. — In
a note in the first volume of Miss Strickland's
Lives of the Queens of Scotland, she remarks that
Bourchier, Earl of Essex, " was near of kin to the
royal family, being grand-nephew to Richard,
Duke of York, father of Edward IV., but did not
share the blood of the heiress of March, Jane
Mortimer." I quote from memory, not having
the book at hand ; but allowing that Jane for
Anne may be a slip of the pen, or a mistake of the
press, where did Miss Strickland discover any
second marriage of Richard, Earl of Cambridge ?
All pedigrees of the royal family that I have seen
agree in giving him only one wife, and in ex-
pressly stating her to be mother to Isabel, Countess
of Essex. J. S. Warden.

Highland Regiment. — Can any of your Gaelic
or military correspondents inform me whether it
is at present the custom for the officers in the
Highland regiments to wear a dirk in addition to
the broadsword ? Also whether the Highland
regiments were ever armed with broadswords, and

494

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

whether their drill is different to that of the other
troops of the line ? I have somewhere heard it
said that the 28th (an English regiment) were
once armed with swords, whence their name of
" The Slashers ? " Is this the real origin of the
name ? and if not, what is ? I should also like to
know the origin of the custom of wearing un-
dress white shell jackets, which are now worn by
the Highlanders ? Arthur.

Ominous Storms. — A remark by a labouring
man of this town (Grantham), which is new to
me, is to the following effect. In March, and all
seasons when the judges are on circuit, and when
there are any criminals to be hanged, there are
always winds and storms, and roaring tempests.
Perhaps there are readers of " N. & Q." who have
met with the same idea. John Hawkins.

Edward Fitzgerald, born 17th January, 1528,
son of Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, and brother
of the celebrated " Silken Thomas," an ancestor
of the Duke of Leinster, married Mary, daughter
and heiress of Sir John Leigh of Addington, and
widow of Sir Thomas Paston (called improperly
Sir John). There are contradictory pedigrees of
the Leigh family in the Surrey Visitations, e.g.
Harl. MSS. 1147. and 5520. Could one of your
correspondents oblige me with a correct pedigree
of this Mary Leigh ; she is sometimes called
"Mabel?" Y. S. M.

Boyle Family. — Allow me to repeat the Query
regarding Richard Boyle (Vol. vii., p. 430.). Ri-
chard Boyle, appointed Dean of Limerick 5th Feb.

1661, and Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns in 1666,
died in 1682. Roger Boyle, the youngest brother
of Richard, was born in 1617, and educated in
Trinity College, Dublin, of which he became a
Fellow. On the breaking out of the rebellion of
1641 he went to England, and having become
tutor to Lord Paulet, he continued in that family
till the Restoration, when he returned to Ireland,
and was presented with the Rectory of Carrigaline,
diocese of Cork. He was made Dean of Cork in

1662, and promoted to the Bishopric of Down
and Connor 12th Sept. 1667. He was translated
to Clogher, 21st September, 1672, and died 26th
November, 1687. The sister of these prelates
was wife to the Rev. Urban Vigors (Vol. viii.,
p. 340.). They were near relatives of the great
Earl of Cork, and many of their descendants have

. been buried in his tomb, in St. Patrick's Cathe-
dral, Dublin. I have not seen any reply to my
Query about Mr. Vigors. May I ask is there any
list of the chaplains of King Charles I. ?

Y. S. M.

Inn Signs. — As the subject of inns is being dis-
cussed, can any of your readers tell the origin of
" The Green Man and Still ?" And is there any

foundation for a statement, that "the chequers"
have been found on Italian wine-shops, and were
imported from Egypt, having there been the em-
blem of Osiris. S. A.
Oxford.

Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets. — In
"N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 73., I asked for information
as to the demoniacal ancestor of Henry II., con-
fessing my own ignorance of the tradition. I
received no answer, but was induced to inquire
farther by a passage in the article on " A'Becket"
in the Quarterly Review, xciii. 349.

" These words goaded the king into one of those
paroxysms of fury to which all the earlier Plantagenet
princes were subject, and which was believed by them
to arise from a mixture of demoniacal blood in their
race."

The following is from Thierry, torn. iii. p. 330.,
Paris, 1830:

" L'on racontait d'une ancienne Comtesse d'Anjou,
ateule du pere de Henri II., que son mari ayant re-
marque avec efFroi, qu'elle allait rarement a l'eglise, et
qu'elle en sortait toujours a la sacre de la messe, s'avisa
de l'y faire retenir de force par quatre ecuyers ; mais
qu'a l'instant de la consecration, la Comtesse, jettant le
manteau par lequel on la tenait, s'etait envolee par une
fenetre, et n'avait jamais reparu. Richard de Poictiers,
selon un contemporain, avait coutume de rapporter
cette aventure, et de dire a ce propos: ' Est-il etonnant
que, sortis d'une telle source, nous vivions mal, les uns
avec les autres ? Ce qui provient du diable doit re-
tourner au diable.' "

Thierry quotes Brompton apud Scriptores Re-
rum Francorum, torn. xiii. p. 215. :

" Istud Ricardus referre solebat, asserens de tali
genere procedentes sese mutuo infestent, tanquam de
diabolo venientes, et ad diabolum transeuntes."

I shall be glad of any assistance in tracing the
story up or down. H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

Anglo-Saxon Graves. — The world is continu-
ally hearing now of researches in Anglo-Saxon
graves. I beg to inquire whether Anglo-Saxon
coins or inscriptions have been found in any of
these, so as to identify them with the people to
whom these interments are ascribed ? or upon
what other proof or authority these graves are so
assigned to the Anglo-Saxons ? H. E.

Robert Brown the Separatist. — Robert Brown
the Separatist, from whom his followers were
called " Brownists." Whom did he marry, and
when ? In the Biog. Brit, he is said to have been
the son of Anthony Brown of Tolthorp, Rutland,
Esq. (though born at Northampton, according to
Mr. Collier), and grandson of Francis Brown,
whom King Henry VlIL, in the eighteenth year
of his reign, privileged by charter to wear his

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

495

cap in the royal presence. He was nearly allied
to the Lord Treasurer Cecil Lord Burleigh, who
was his friend and powerful protector. Burleigh's
aunt Joan, daughter of David Cyssel of Stamford
(grandfather of the Lord Treasurer) by his second
wife, married Edmund Brown. She was half-
sister of Bichard Cyssel of Burleigh, the Lord
Treasurer's father. What connexion was there
between Edmund Brown and Anthony Brown of
Tolthorp ?

Fuller (Ch. Hist., b. ix. p. 168.) says, he had a
wife with whom he never lived, and a church in
which he never preached. His church was in
Northamptonshire, and he died in Northampton
Gaol in 1630.

From 1589 to 1592 he was master of St. Olave's
Grammar School in Southwark. G. B. Corner.

Eltham.

Commissions issued by Charles I. at Oxford. —
In Lord Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors,
vol. ii. p. 604., it is stated that a commission was
granted to Lord Keeper Littleton to raise a corps
of volunteers for the royal service among the
members of the legal profession, " and that the
docquet of that commission remains among the
instruments passed under the great seal of King
Charles I. at Oxford." P. C. S. S. is very desirous
to know where a list of these instruments can be
consulted? P. C. S. S.

Minax «auerteg foftf) gntftosrtf.

Hogmanay. — This word, applied in Scotland
to the last day of the year, is derived by Jamieson
(I believe, but have not his Dictionary to refer to)
from the Greek 07/0 p-ovri.

Can any of your correspondents north of the
Tweed, or elsewhere, give the correct source ?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

[Our correspondent is probably not aware that
Brand, in his Popular Antiquities, vol. i. pp. 457—461.
(Bohn's edit.), has devoted a chapter to this term.
Among other conjectural etymologies he adds the
following : " We read in the Scotch Presbyterian Elo-
quence Displayed, that it is ordinary among some ple-
beians in the South of Scotland to go about from door
to door on New Year's Eve, crying Hagmena, a cor-
rupted word from the Greek ayia, p.i)vn, i. e. holy month.
John Dixon, holding forth against this custom once, in
a sermon at Kelso, says : « Sirs, do you know what
hagmane signifies? It is, the devil he in the house!
that's the meaning of its Hebrew original,' p. 102.
Bourne agrees in the derivation of Hagmena given in
the Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed. ' Angli,'
says Hospinian, ' Haleg-monath, quasi sacrum mensem
vocant.' DeOrigine Ethn., p. 81." See also an ingenious
essay on Hagmena in the Caledonian Mercury for Jan. 2,
1792, from which the most important parts have been
extracted by Dr. Jamieson in his art. "Hogmanay."]

Longfellow's " Hyperion" — Can any of your
readers tell me why that magnificent work of
Longfellow's, which though in prose contains
more real poetry than nine-tenths of the volumes
of verse now published, is called Hyperion f

MOBDAN GlLLOTT.

[Hyperion is an epithet applied to Apollo, and is
used by Shakspeare, Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2. :

" Hyperion to a satyr."

Warburton says, " This similitude at first sight seems
to be a little far-fetched, but it has an exquisite beauty.
By the satyr is meant Pan, as by Hyperion Apollo.
Pan and Apollo were brothers, and the allusion is to
the contention between those gods for the preference in
music." Steevens, on the other hand, believes that
Shakspeare "has no allusion in the present instance,
except to the beauty of Apollo, and its immediate
opposite, the deformity of a satyr." Hyperion or
Apollo is represented in all the ancient statues as ex-
quisitely beautiful, the satyrs hideously ugly.]

Sir Hugh Myddelton. — Where was Sir Hugh
Myddelton buried ? and has a monument been
erected to his memory ? I have searched several
encyclopaedias and other works, but they make
no mention of his place of sepulture.

Hughson, I think, states it to be St. Matthew's,
Fridav Street : but I believe this is not correct.

J. o. w.

[There is a statue of Sir Hugh Myddelton, by
Carew, in the New Royal Exchange. See Cunning-
ham's Handbook of London, from which work we
learn (p. 327.) that " the register of St. Matthew's, Fri-
day Street, abounds in entries relating to the family of
Sir Hugh Myddelton." Cunningham does not mention
his burial-place; but in the pedigree of the family given
in Lewis's History of Islington, it is stated that he was
buried in the churchyard of St. Matthew, London.]

Sangarede. — The expression " sangarede," or
" sangared," occurs in two ancient wills, one dated
1504, in which the testator bequeathed —

" To the sepulkyr lyght vi hyves of beene to pray
ffor me and my wyfFe in ye comon sangered." — Lib.
Fuller, f. 70.

In the other, dated 1515, this passage occurs :

" I wyll y* lone my wyfF here a yeere daye for me
yeerly terme of her lyfe in the church of Mendlshm,
and after here decesse ye towne of Mendelyshm here a
sangarede for me and my wyfe in the church of
Mendlshm perpetually."

I should be much obliged if you or one of your
correspondents could furnish me with an inti-
mation of the meaning of the term. Laicus.

[Sangared, 1*. e. the chantry, or chanting, from the
Saxon sangere, a singer.]

Salubrity of Hallsal, near Ormskirk, Lancashire.
— Between the 19th of February and the 14th of

496

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

May, 1800, ten persons died in this parish whose
ages, as recorded on their tombs in the order of
their departure, were 74, 84, 37, 70, 84, 70, 72,
62, 80, 90. This year must have been a fatal one
to old people. Can any of the correspondents of
" N. & Q." tell anything about the season ?

W.J.
Bootle.

[The beginning of the year 1800 was unusually
severe ; in February, ice covered the ground so com-
pletely, that people skaited through the streets and
roads; and in March, easterly winds prevailed with
extraordinary violence. For the verification of these
facts, consult the Meteorological diaries in the Gentle-
man's Magazine of the above period.]

Athens. — What is the origin of the term
" violet- crowned city," as applied to Athens ?
Macaulay uses the expression in his History of
England, but does not state how it was acquired.

E. A. T.

[The ancient Greeks and Romans, at their festive
entertainments, wore garlands of flowers, and the violet
was the favourite of the Athenians, than whom no
people were more devoted to mirth, conviviality, and
sensual pleasure. Hence the epithet was also given to
Venus, Kvirpis loareipavos, as in some versus recorded
by Plutarch, in his Life of Solon. Aristophanes twice
applies the word to his sybarite countrymen : Equites,
v. 1323., and Acarn. i. 637.]

James Miller. — Who was Miller, mentioned by
Warburton as a writer of farces about 1735 ?

I. R. R.

[James Miller, a political and dramatic writer, was
born in Dorsetshire in 1703. He received his educa-
tion at Wadham College, Oxford ; and while at the
university, wrote a satiric piece called The Humours of
Oxford, which created him many enemies, and hindered
his preferment. He also published several political
pamphlets against Sir Robert Walpole ; and also the
tragedy of Mahomet, and other plays. He died in
1744.]

^*gIttS.

(Vol. ix., pp. 138. 255. 305. 432.)

Traveller having honoured me by alluding to
a little work of mine, written thirty-five years ago,
I may perhaps be permitted to correct a few
errors (trifling, because personal) in his notice.
My affinity was that of a cousin, not uncle, to the
late lord my predecessor. I never had the mili-
tary rank assigned to me, but was at the time like
Traveller himself, a " youngster" freshly eman-
cipated from Oxford to the Continent: and had
little more pretension in printing the extracts
from my Journal, than to comply with the kind
wishes of many friends and relatives.

But to pass to what is more important, the
character of Brydone, at the time I speak of there
were no useful handbooks in existence ; and tour-
ists took for the purpose such volumes of travels
as they could carry. Brydone, for this, was unfit.
The French criticism (quoted Vol. ix., p. 306.)
rightly says, that he sacrificed truth to piquancy
in his narrations. Still it is a heavy charge to
suspect so gross a deviation, as that of inventing
the description of an ascent which he never ac-
complished ; especially when the ascent is a feat
not at all difficult. The evidence for this disbelief
must be derived from a series of errors in the
account, which I do not remember to have ob-
served while reading him on the spot. The
charitable supposition of Mr. Macray, that he
mistook the summit, is hardly compatible with so
defined a cone as that of Etna ; but all must agree
with his just estimate of that description, and
which the Biographie Universelle itself terms
" chef d'ceuvre de narration." Brydone, no doubt,
is as unsafe for the road as he is amusing for the
study, and perhaps from that very reason.

Monsok.

Gatton Park.

COLERIDGE S UNPUBLISHED MSS.

(Vol. iv., p. 411.; Vol. vi., p. 533.; Vol. viii.,
p. 43.)

When I sent you my Note on this subject at
the last of the above references, I had not read
Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T.
Coleridge, Moxon, 1836. The subjoined ex-
tracts from that work confirm that note, vol. i.
pp. 104. 156. 162.

August 8, 1820. Coleridge :

" I at least am as well as I ever am, and my regular
employment, in which Mr. Green is weekly my
amanuensis, [is] the work on the books of the Old
and New Testaments, introduced by the assumptions
and postulates required as the preconditions of a fair
examination of Christianity as a scheme of doctrines,
precepts, and histories, drawn or at least deducible from
these books."

January, 1821. Coleridge':

" In addition to these of my great work, to

the preparation of which more than twenty years of my
life have been devoted, and on which my hopes of ex-
tensive and permanent utility, of fame, in the noblest
sense of the word, mainly rest, &c. Of this work, &c,
the result must finally be revolution of all that has been
called Philosophy or Metaphysics in England and
France since the era of the commencing predominance
of the mechanical system at the restoration of our
second Charles, and with the present fashionable views,
not only of religion, morals, and politics, but even of
the modern physics and physiology. . . . Of this
work, something more than a volume has been die-

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

497

tated by me, so as to exist fit for the press, to my friend
and enlightened pupil, Mr. Green ; and more than as
much again would have been evolved and delivered to
paper, but that for the last six or eight months I have
been compelled to break off our weekly meeting," &c.

Vol. ii. p. 219. Editor :

" The prospectus of these lectures (viz. on Philo-
sophy) is so full of interest, and so well worthy of
attention, that I subjoin it ; trusting that the Lectures
themselves will soon be furnished by, or under the
auspices of, Mr. Green, the most constant and the
most assiduous of his disciples. That gentleman will,
I earnestly hope — a?id doubt not — see, feel, the ne-
cessity of giving the whole of his great master's views,
opinions, and anticipations ; not those alone in which
he more entirely sympathises, or those which may
have more ready acceptance in the present time. He
will not shrink from the great, the sacred duty he has
voluntarily undertaken, from any regards of prudence,
still less from that most hopeless form of fastidiousness,
the wish to conciliate those who are never to be con-
ciliated, inferior minds smarting under a sense of in-
feriority, and the imputation which they are conscious is
just, that but for Him they never could have been ;
that distorted, dwarfed, changed, as are all his views
and opinions, by passing athwart minds with which they
could not assimilate, they are yet almost the only
things which give such minds a status in literature."

How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of
this solemn trust ? Has he made any attempt to
give publicity to the Logic, the " great -work " on
Philosophy, the work on the Old and New Testa-
ments, to be called The Assertion of Religion, or
the History of Philosophy, all of which are in his
custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony
of Coleridge himself, a finished work ? We know
from the Letters, vol. ii. pp. 11. 150., that the
Logic is an essay in three parts, viz. the " Canon,"
the " Criterion," and the " Organon ;" of these the
last only can be in any respect identical with the
Treatise on Method. There are other works of
Coleridge missing ; to these I will call attention in
a future Note. For the four enumerated above
Mr. Green is responsible. He has lately received
the homage of the University of Oxford in the
shape of a D.C.L. ; he can surely afford a fraction
of the few years that may still be allotted to him
in re-creating the fame of, and in discharging his
duty to, his great master. If, however, he cannot
afford the time, trouble, and cost of the under-
taking, I make him this public offer; I will,
myself, take the responsibility of the publication
of the above-mentioned four works, if he will en-
trust me with the MSS.

The Editor will, I doubt not, be good enough
to forward to the learned Doctor a copy of the
Number in which this appeal is published.

C. Mansfield Inglebt.

Birmingham.

MB. JUSTICE TALFOBBD AND DB. BEATTIE.

(Vol. ix., p. 393.)

There is so much similarity of character, in re-
spect of sympathy for the humbler position and
the well-being of others, between this lamented
judge and that of the professor who is depicted
by his biographer in the following extract, that I
hope you will agree with me in thinking it worthy
of being framed, and hung up as a companion-
sketch in your pages :

" As a Professor, not his own class only, but the
whole body of students at the University, looked up
to him with esteem and veneration. The profound
piety of the public prayers, with which he began the
business of each day, arrested the attention of the
youngest and most thoughtless ; the excellence of his
moral character ; his gravity blended with cheerful-
ness, his strictness joined with gentleness, his favour to
the virtuous and diligent, and even the mildness of his
reproofs to those who were less attentive, rendered him
the object of their respect and admiration. Never was
more exact discipline preserved than in his class, nor
ever anywhere by more gentle means. His sway was
absolute, because it was founded in reason and affec-
tion. He never employed a harsh epithet in finding
fault with any of his pupils ; and when, instead of a
rebuke which they were conscious they deserved, they
met merely with a mild reproof, it was conveyed in
such a manner as to throw not only the delinquent,
but sometimes the whole class into tears. To gain his
favour was the highest ambition of every student ; and
the gentlest word of disapprobation was a punishment,
to avoid which, no exertion was deemed too much.
His great object was not merely to make his pupils
philosophers, but to render them good men, pious
Christians, loyal to their king, and attached to the
British constitution; pure in morals, happy in the
consciousness of a right conduct, and friends to all
mankind."

This is the language of Dr. Beattie's biographer,
who knew him intimately. Cowper, the poet,
thus writes of him to the Rev. W. Unwin, from a
knowledge of his works :

" I thanked you in my last for Johnson ; I now
thank you with more emphasis for Beattie — the most
agreeable and amiable writer I ever met with — the
only author I have seen whose critical and philoso-
phical researches are diversified and embellished by a
poetical imagination, that makes even the driest sub-
ject, and the leanest, a feast for an epicure in books.
He is so much at his ease too, that his own character
appears in every page ; and, which is very rare, we see
not only the writer, but the man: and that man so
gentle, so well-tempered, so happy in his religion, and
so humane in his philosophy, that it is necessary to
love him, if one has any sense of what is lovely." — Life
of Dr. Beattie, by Sir William Forbes, Bart.

J. M.

Oxford.

498

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

RUSSIAN "TE DEUM.

(Vol. ix., p. 325.)

The following is a translation of this Greek
doxology, as contained in the Prayer-Book of the
Greek Church, under the title 'npo\6yiov to t^eya,
BtvaTia, Tuiroy. NtKoAaov TKvkt], 1845, p. 75. :

1. Glory to Thee, the Giver of light.

2. Glory to God on high, and on earth peace, good-

will towards men.

3. We praise Thee, we bless Thee, we worship";Thee,

we glorify Thee, we give thanks to Thee for
Thy great glory ;

4. O Lord King, heavenly God, Father Almighty,

O Lord, only- begotten Son Jesus Christ, and
Holy Spirit.

5. O Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father,

that taketh away the sin of the world; have
mercy upon us, Thou that takest away the sins
of the world.

6. Accept our prayer ; Thou that sittest at the

Father's right hand, have mercy on us :

7. For Thou only art holy ; Thou only, Lord Jesus

Christ, art in the glory of God the Father.
Amen.

8. Day by day I bless Thee, and I praise Thy name

for ever, and for all eternity.

9. Vouchsafe, Lord, this day to keep me sinless.

10. Blessed art Thou, Lord, the God of our fathers ;

and praised and glorified be Thy name for ever.
Amen.

11. Lord, let Thy mercy be on us, as we trust in

Thee.

12. Blessed art Thou, Lord : teach me Thy statutes.
IS. Lord, Thou hast been our refuge from one gene-
ration to another.

1 4. I said, Lord be merciful unto me ; heal my soul,

for I have sinned against Thee.

15. Lord, I fly to Thee; teach me to do Thy will, for

Thou art my God:

16. For with Thee is a well of life ; in Thy light shall

we see light.

17. Extend Thy mercy to them that know Thee.

18. O holy God, holy Strength, holy Immortal, have

mercy on us. Amen.

Verses 2. to 7. are identical with the Gloria in
JExcelsis, or the Angelic Hymn, sung at the con-
clusion of the Lord's Supper in the Anglican
Church, but which commences the Mass in the
Romish Church. It is of great antiquity, being
attributed to Telesphorus, a.d. 139, and is found
in the Apostolic Constitutions, vii. c. 48.

Verses 8, 9. 11. are the same as in the Latin
Te Deum.

Verse 12. is from Psalm cxix. 12.

Verse 13. is from Psalm xc. 1.

Verse 14. is from Psalm xli. 4.

Verse 15. is from Psalm cxliii. 9, 10.

Verse 16. is from Psalm xxxvi. 9.

Verse 17. is from Psalm xxxvi. 10.

T. J. BtJCKTON.
Lichfield.

In answer to your correspondent Honore de
Mareville's Query regarding the Te Deum as
sung in Russia, I beg to inform him that in
whatever language the Emperor Nicholas is most
familiar with this hymn, it is sung in all their
churches in Sclavonic, which is only intelligible
to the priests and a very small number of the
laity, the mass of the people being quite ignorant
of this old language. All the services in Russian
churches are performed in Sclavonic.

The Old Testament is not permitted to be read
by the people in modern Russ, by command of
the Emperor ; it is circulated sparingly in Scla-
vonic, which is of course useless to most of the
people, for the reason named above. The New
Testament is, however, allowed to circulate in
modern Russ, and not half the population can
read that, perhaps not more than a third.

With regard to their images or pictures (al-
luded to by me in Vol. viii., p. 582.), I had not only
perused the works mentioned by G. W. (Vol. ix.,
p. 86.) before I wrote about the Russian religion,
&c, but several other works besides.*

Having been in the country for some little
tima, and paid some attention to the subject, I
was certainly surprised to find little, if any, men-
tion made of their manner of worship or super-
stitious customs in Dr. Blackmore's works, and
wished to contribute my mite towards giving your
readers some information as to the state of this
semi-civilised race.

From Translations of Russian Works you can
glean nothing but what the Russian government
chooses, as every work goes through a severe
censorship before it is allowed to be printed for
circulation ; and if there is anything in it that is
not liked, it is not permitted to be published
unless those parts are suppressed.

It is perhaps only partially known that there
is some difficulty in getting English books and
newspapers into Russia, as all must go through
the censor's office. The Times (which is however
all but, if not quite, prohibited at St. Petersburg,
and has been so a long time), Punch, and others
of our papers, possess a ludicrous appearance after
having passed through the hands of the worthies
in the censor's office, sometimes there being very
little left of them to read.

Whilst writing about images, I omitted to name
one or two other circumstances that have come
under my own notice, showing still farther the
superstitious veneration in which they are held
by the Russians.

In the case of a house on fire, one of the in-
mates, with his head uncovered, carries the image
three times round the burning house, under the

* Owing to an error in my original MS., or of the
printers, they were called the "gods," instead of their
gods, answering to the ancient penates.

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

499

belief that it will cause the fire to cease, never
attempting to put it out by any other means.

At Moscow there is a very noted image of the
Virgin Mary ; it is deposited in a recess at one
side of an archway leading to the Kremlin. Every
person passing through this archway is obliged to
uncover his head. I had to do so whenever I
passed through. The belief of the efficacy of this
image in healing diseases is universal. When any
person is ill, by paying the priests handsomely,
they will bring it with great pomp, in a carriage
and four horses, to the sick person's house, who
must recover, or else, if death ensues, they say it
is so fated.

Instances of other images in various parts of the
empire, some believed to have fallen from heaven,
might be multiplied to any extent. I mention
these to show that, whatever these representations
of the Deity may be called, I had not written un-
advisedly previously, as might be surmised by
G. W.'s remarks. Everybody must deplore the
wretched condition of these people ; and the Czar,
well knowing their superstitious ideas, works upon
their fanatical minds with such letters as we all
have had the sorrow of seeing a specimen of in
The Times of to-day.* J. S. A.

May 15, 1854.

ARTESIAN WELLS.

(Vol. ix., p. 222.)

Your correspondent Sttlites is strongly ad-
vised not to set about making, or rather endea-
vouring to make, a well of this description till he
has been well advised of the feasibility of the
scheme in his particular locality. The old adage
will apply in this case, " Ex quovis ligno," &c.
It is not everywhere that an artesian well can be
obtained with any depth of bore ; that is, a well
which shall bring its water to or above the sur-
face of the ground. But if, on sufficient know-
ledge of the mineralogical structure of the country,
it be declared that a well of the true artesian sort
cannot be obtained, Stylites should dig his well,
say fifteen or twenty feet deep, and " stein " it,
and then bore in search of a spring, unless a suf-
ficient supply is already obtained from the sur-
face drainage. A moderate outlay in this way,
unless the impervious stratum be of very great
thickness indeed, will generally bring up water,
with a natural tendency to rise within reach of a
common pump, or of a well-bucket at the least.

But it may still happen that the water of the
bore has not this natural tendency. In that case
the sinking of the well may be continued till the
water is reached, and a sufficient depth of re-
servoir obtained at the bottom. M. (2)

* Vide Nicholas to the Commandant of Odessa.

As practical answers to the inquiries of Stt-
lites on this subject, I have to say, that common
wells are preferable to artesian in all cases where
abundance of water is obtained at a depth not
exceeding thirty feet. I need not tell Sttlites
that the common sucking-pump will not draw up
water from a depth exceeding thirty feet. The
convenience of common wells is one reason why
artesian ones are not universally adopted ; and a
greater reason is that artesian wells are very much
more expensive to make than common ones.
When artesian wells are preferable to common
ones is, when water cannot be obtained at a depth
beyond the reach of the force-pump. Two of my
friends have made artesian wells ; one a mill-
spinner at Dundee, at a time when that town was
very ill supplied with water. He sunk a well
150 feet in depth and found no water. A bore
was then made through trap rock for upwards of
150 feet, and water was found in abundance on
reaching the underlying sandstone. The water
ultimately reached near to the top of the well.
The other well was made by a bleacher in the
neighbourhood of Lisburn in Ireland. All the
surface springs in his bleaching-grounds, which
are extensive, did not supply a sufficient quantity
for his purposes. The subsoil being boulder clay,
he had to bore through it to about 300 feet before
the water was met with ; when it rose as near the
top of the bore as to permit the use of a common
pump being worked by power. The theory of
the action of artesian wells has been explained by
Mr. Buckton (Vol. ix., p. 283.), but I have no
hesitation in telling Stylites that he will find
water almost anywhere in this country by means
of an artesian bore. Henry Stephens.

dog-whippers.
(Vol. ix., p. 349.)

The following Notes may contain information
for your correspondent C. F. W. on the subject of
dog-whippers.

Richard Dovey, of Farmcote in Shropshire, in
the year 1659, charged certain cottages with the
payment of eight shillings to some poor man of
the parish of Claverley, who should undertake to
awaken sleepers, and ivhip dogs from the church
during divine service. Ten shillings and sixpence
per annum is now paid for the above service.

John Rudge by his will, dated in 1725, gave
five shillings a quarter to a poor man to go about
the parish church of Trysull, in Staffordshire,
during sermon, to keep people awake, and keep
dogs out of the church. This sum is still paid for
that purpose.

At Chislet, in Kent, is a piece of land called
" Dog-whipper's Marsh," about two acres, out of

500

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

which the tenants pay ten shillings a year to a
person for keeping order in the church during
divine service. . . t> - „„

There is an acre of land m the parish of Peter-
church, Herefordshire, appropriated to the use ot
a person for keeping dogs out of the church.

In the parish of Christchurch, Spitalfields, there
is a charity fund called " cat and dog money, the
interest on which is now divided annually amongst
six poor widows of weavers of the names of * abry
or Ovin^ton. There is a tradition in the parish
that this°money was originally left for the support
of cats and dogs, but it is more probable that it
was originally intended, as in the cases above
mentioned, to " whip dogs and cats out of the
church during divine service, and that on the un-
foreseen increase in the fund after a lapse of years,
it became appropriated in the present way. _ lhis
money was the subject of a chancery suit m the
last century, and the decree therein directed the
present division. . .

Many of your readers will call to mind the yelp
of some poor cur who had strolled through the
open door of a country church on some sultry
dav, and been ejected by the sexton. I myseli
have often listened to the pit-a-pat in the quiet
aisle, and I once remember a disturbance in
church caused by the quarrel of two dogs, buch
scenes, and the fact that dogs were considered
unclean animals, most likely gave rise to the occu-
pation of dog-whipper as a function of the sexton.
It will also be remembered that some dogs cannot
forbear a howl at the sound of certain musical in-
struments; and besides the simple inconvenience
to the congregation, this howl may have been
considered a manifestation of antipathy to ho y
influences, as the devil was supposed to fear holy
water. , , „

Landseer's well-known picture of "The -tree
Church " proves to us that amongst the Highland
shepherds the office does not now at least exist :
and amongst other instances of the regular at-
tendance at church of these " unclean animals, 1
know one in Wales where a favourite dog always
accompanied his master to church, and stood up
in the corner of the pew, keeping watch over the
congregation with the strictest decorum.

" ° A Notary.

That persons bearing an office described by
such a name were attached to great houses in the
sixteenth century, is clear from the well-known
passage in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act IV.
Sc. 4., where Launce says, —

" I, having been acquainted with the smell before,
knew it was Crab; and goes me to the fellow that whips
the dogs : ' Friend/ quoth I, « you mean to whip the
dog ? ' ' Ay, marry do I,' quoth he," &c.

b W. B. R.

Derby.

CEPHAS, A BINDER, AND NOT A ROCK.

(Vol. ix., p. 368.)

I hope you will allow me to give a few reasons
for dissenting from Mr. Margoliouth. I will
promise to spare your space and avoid contro-
versy.

1. The Hebrew word Caphis is only to be found
in Hab. ii. 11. Hence it has been regarded as of
somewhat uncertain signification. However, by
comparison with the Syriac verb DS3 (c"phas), we
infer that it may denote that which grasps, gathers,
or holds together; it is therefore not synonymous
with Sew, which is to hind, and is used in Matt. xvi.

19.

2. Proper names from the Hebrew, Chaldee,
and Syriac, are generally written in Greek, with
the terminations of that language, as e.g. Jesus,
John, James, Thomas, Judas, &c, and these ter-
minations are added to the radical letters of the
name, which are all retained. It is easy to see
that Caphis would become Caphisus, while Cepho
(Syriac for rock) would become Cephas, just as
Ehudo (Syriac, Jude) becomes Judas.

3. Still less likely would the name Caphis be to
lose a radical in its transfer to the< Syriac, where
Cephos is represented by Cepho, without »,*_

4. The paronomasia exhibited in the Latin,
"Tu es Petrus, et super hanc petram" also appears
both in the Greek and the Syriac.

5. The difference of gender between the words
Petrus and petra, moreover, is preserved in the
Syriac and appears in the Greek. > ■' ~ •

6 The figure of binding and loosing (v. W.)
is one which was common to the three languages,
Greek, Chaldee, and Syriac, in all of which it
denotes "to remit or retain" sins, "to confirm or
abolish" a law, &c. . ...

7. The occurrence of this figure in ch. xvm. lb.,
where the reference is not special to Peter, but
general to all the apostles. (Compare John xx.

23 )

8 The Syriac uniformly translates the name
Peter by Cepho (i.e. Cephas), except once or
twice in Peter's epistles. This at least indicates
their view of its meaning.

On the whole I see no reason to suppose that
Cephas means anything but stone; certainly there
is much less reason for the proposed signification

of blllClGV

In John i. 42., the clause which explains the
name Cephas is absent from the Syriac version m
accordance with the regular and necessary prac-
tice of the translators to avoid tautology : inou
shalt be called Stone; which is by interpretation
Stone tn (See the Journal of Sacred Literature
for January last, p. 457., for several examples of
this.) There is here surely sufficient reason to
account for the omission of this clause, which, it

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

501

appears, is supported by universal MS. authority,
as well as by that of the other versions. B. H. C.

The paronomasia of Kipho (=E.ock) was made
in the Syro- Chaldaic tongue, the vernacular lan-
guage of* our Lord and his disciples. The apostle
John, writing in Greek (i. 43.), explains the mean-
ing of Kipho (Krj<pas) by the usual Greek phrase
o ep/j.r)i>eueTcu Uerpos, which phrase was necessarily
omitted in the Syriac version, where this word
Kipho was significant, in the original sense, as
used by our Lord, and therefore needed no such
hermeneutic explanation. Had our Lord spoken
in Greek, and had the name Krjcpas been idem sonans
with D'ED (Hab. ii. 11.) — which, however, is not
the case, — some slender support might have been
thereby afforded to Mr. Margoliouth's argu-
ment ; but as he admits that our Lord did not
speak in the Greek tongue, such argument falls
to the ground as void of all probability.

T. J. BrjCKTON.

Lichfield.

WHITTINGTON S STONE.

(Vol. ix., p. 397.)

The disappearance of this celebrated memorial
of a questionable legend, seems to have been satis-
factorily accounted for. The newspapers inform
us that it has been taken to a mason's yard for the
purpose of reparation.

Those who lament the removal of the stone on
which, as they imagine, the runaway apprentice
sat listening to the bells of Cheap, will perhaps be
surprised to hear that the object of their regret
is at least the third of the stones which have suc-
cessively stood upon the spot long since the days
of Whittington.

1. In a learned and interesting paper commu-
nicated to the pages of Sylvanus Urban (G. M.
Dec. 1852) by T. E. T. (a well-known and re-
spected local antiquary, who will yet, it is sin-
cerely hoped, enrich our libraries with a work on
the ancient history of the northern suburbs, a
task for which he is pre-eminently qualified), it is
shown that in all probability the site in question
was once occupied by a wayside cross, belonging
to the formerly adjacent lazar-house and chapel
of St. Anthony. A certain engraving of 1776,
mentioned by Mr. T., and which is now before me,
represents a small obelisk or pyramid standing
upon a square base, and surmounted by a cross,
apparently of iron. The stone (popularly regarded
as the original) was removed in 1795 by "one

S ," the surveyor of the roads. Having been

broken, or as another account states, sawn in two,
the halves were placed as curb-stones against the
posts on each side of Queen's Head Lane in the
Lower Street. (Nelson's Hist, of Islington, 1811,
p. 102. ; Gent. Mag., Sept. and Oct. 1824, pp. 200.

290. ; Lewis's Hist, of Islington, 1841, p. 286.)
In Adams's Picturesque Guide to the Environs of
London, by E. L. Blanchard (a recent but date-
less little work, which I chanced to open at a
book- stall a day or two ago), the present Queen's
Head tavern in the Lower Street is mentioned as
containing certain relics of its predecessor, " with
the real Whittington stone (it is said) for a
threshold."

2. Shortly after the removal of this supposed
" original," a new memorial was erected, with the
inscription " Whittington's Stone." This was, for
some cause, removed by order of the church-
wardens in May, 1821.

3. In his second edition, 1823, Nelson says,
"The present stone was set up in 1821, by the
trustees of the parish ways." This is the stone
which has lately been removed. H. G.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Photographic Experience. — I send you the Rev. W.
Le Mottee's and mine :

W. Le M.

1. 6 minutes' exposure.

2. Sea-side.

{Iod. — Double iod. sol. from 25 gr. N. A. to 1 oz.
Exc. —5m 50 gr. A. N. A. 5m G. A. Aq. 2 drs.
Dev.— 1° 50 gr. A. N. A. and G. A. part. aeq. 2°
G. A.

4. Turner.

5. | inch.

6. 3 inches.

7. Diam. lens 3 in. Foe. length parallel rays 12| in.
Maker, Slater. Picture 8.!, x 6^.

T. L. M.

1. 10 minutes.

2. Sea-side.

{Iod.
Exc. As Le M.
Dev.

4. Turner.

5. | inch.

6. 3 1 inches.

7. Diam. lens 3\ in. Foe. length 17^ in. Maker,
Slater. Picture llix9j.

I have given the development according to the plan
usually followed, for the sake of comparison ; but
where it is desirable to work out the shadows fully, it
is far better to give longer exposure in the camera
(three times that above given), and develop with gallo-
nitrate of the strength used to excite, finishing with
gallic acid. The time varies with the subject ; a cot-
tage among trees requiring 12 to 14 minutes. Almost
all the statements I have seen, giving the time, do so
absolutely; it is well to remind photographers, that
these convey no information whatever, unless the focal
length for parallel rays, and the diameter of the dia-
phragm, are also given : the time, in practice as well
as in theory, varying (cateris paribus) directly as the

502

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

square of the former, and inversely as the square of the
latter ; and, without these corrections, the results of
one lens are not comparable with those of another.

When shall we get a good structureless paper? The
texture of Turner's, especially his new paper, is a great
defect ; and its skies are thin, very inferior to the dense
velvety blacks obtained with Whatman's of old date —
a paper now extinct, and one which, unfortunately for
us, it seems impossible to reproduce. T. L. Mansell.

Guernsey.

Conversion of Calotype Negatives into Positives. — At
the second meeting of the British Association at York,
Professor Grove described a process by which a nega-
tive calotype might be converted into a positive one,
by drawing an ordinary calotype image over iodide of
potassium and dilute nitric acid, and exposing to a full
sunshine. Not being able to find the proportions in
any published work, can any of your numerous readers
give me the required information ; and whether the
photograph should be exposed in its damp state, or
allowed to dry? G. Grantham.

Albumenized Paper. — Mr. Spencer, in the last
number of the Photographic Journal, in describing a
mode of preparing albumenized paper, states he has
never found it necessary to iron it, as the silver solution
coagulates the albumen the moment it comes in con-
tact with it, " and I fancy makes it print more evenly
than when heat has been employed." But Mr. Spencer
uses a nitrate of silver solution of 90 or 100 grains to
the ounce, while Dr. Diamond recommends 40 grains.
Now as it is very desirable to get rid of the ironing if
possible, my Query is, Will the 40-grain solution coagu-
late the albumen so as to do away with that trouble-
some process ? P. P.

JXt^Xiti to Minor <©uerf«J.

Table-turning (Vol. ix., p. 39.). — The follow-
ing conclusions, from an expose of the laws of
nature relating to this subject, have been sub-
mitted to the world, at the end of a series of
articles in the Revue des Deux Mondes, by M. Ba-
binet, of the French Institute :

" 1°. Que tout ce qui est raisonnablement admis-
sible dans les curieuses experiences qui ont ete faites
sur le mouvement des tables ou l'on impose les mains,
est parfaitement explicable par Penergie bien connue
des mouvemens naissans de nos organes, pris a leur
origine, surtout quand une influence nerveuse vient
s'y joindre et au moment ou, toutes les impulsions etant
conspirantes, l'effet produit represente reflet total des
actions individuelles.

" 2°. Que dans l'etude consciencieuse de ces pheno-
menes mecanico-physiologiques, il faudra ^carter toute
intervention de force mysterieuse en contradiction avec
les lois physiques bien etablies par l'observation et
Pexperience.

" 3°. Qu'il faudra aviser a. populariser, non pas dans
le peuple, mais bien dans la classe eclairee de la so-
ciete, les principes des sciences. Cette classe si impor-
tante, dont l'autorite devrait faire loi pour toute la

nation, s'est deja montree plusieurs fois au-dessous
de cette noble mission. La remarque n'est pas de moi,
mais au besoin je l'adopte et la defends :

' Si les raisons manquaient, je suis sur qu'en tout cas,
Les exemples fameux ne me manqueraient pas !'

Comme le dit Moliere. II est a constater que 1'initia-
tive des reclamations en faveur du bon sens contre les
prestiges des tables et des chapeaux a ete prise par les
membres eclaires du clerge de France.

" 4°. Enfin, les faiseurs des miracles sont instamment
supplies de vouloir bien, s'ils ne peuvent s'empecher
d'en faire, au moins ne pas les faire absurdes. Imposer
la croyance a un miracle, c'est deja beaucoup dans ce
siecle ; mais vouloir nous convaincre de la realite d'un
miracle ridicule, c'est vraiment etre trop exigeant !" —
Revue des Deux Mondes, Janvier 15, 1854.

J. M.

Oxford.

Female Dress (Vol. ix., p. 271.). — I have
dresses from 1768 to the present time, two or
three years only missing, from pocket-books, which
I have carefully arranged and had bound in a
volume. On referring to it I find that hoops
ceased after 1786, excepting for court days. The
ladies at that time wore large hats, the same shape
young people and children have at the present
day. Powder went out at the time of the scarcity,
patches before hoops, and high-heeled shoes when
short waists came in fashion.

I have a small engraving of their Majesties, at-
tended by the lord chamberlain, &c, together
with the Princess Royal, Prince Edward, and the
Princess Elizabeth, in their boxes at the opera in
the year 1782. The queen in a very large hoop,
each with their hair full powdered ; and the cele-
brated Mademoiselle Theodore, in the favourite
comic ballad called " Les Petits Reins," the same
year, with a large hoop, hair well powdered, a
little hat at the back of her head with long strings,
very short petticoats, and shoes with buckles.

Julia R. Bockett.

Southcote Lodge.

Office of Sexton held by one Family (Vol. ix.,
p. 171.). — A search into parish registers would,
I think, show that the office of clerk was often a
hereditary one. In Worcestershire, for example,
the family of Rose at Bromsgrove, and the family
of Osborne at Belbroughton, have supplied here-
ditary clerks to those parishes through many
generations. In the latter case, also, the trade of
a tailor has also been hereditary to an Osborne, in
conjunction with his duties as clerk. The Mr.
Tristram, who was the patron of the living of Bel-
broughton (afterwards sold to St. John's College,
Oxford), states, in a letter to the bishop (Lyttel-
ton), that the Osbornes were tailors in Bel-
broughton in the reign of Henry VIII. They
are tailors, as well as clerks, to this day, but they
can trace their descent to a period of more than

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

503

three centuries before Henry VIII. The office of
parish clerk and sexton has also been hereditary
in the parishes of Hope and King's Norton, Wor-
cestershire. Cuthbebt Bede, B. A.

Lyras Commentary (Vol. ix., p. 323.). — The
human figure described by Edward Peacock as
impressed on one cover of his curious old copy of
the Textus biblie, &c, has no glory round the
head, or over it, by his account. This would
warrant the conclusion that it was not intended
for any saint, or it might almost pass for a St.
Christopher. But I believe it is meant as em-
blematic of a Christian generally, in his passage
through this life. I suspect that what Mr. Pea-
cock speaks of as a " fence composed of inter-
laced branches of trees," is intended to represent
waves of water by undulating lines. The figure
appears to be wading through the waters of the
tribulations of this life, by the help of his staff,
just as St. Christopher is represented. This may
account for the loose appearance of his nether
habiliments, which are tucked up, so as to leave
the knees bare. The wallet is a very fit accom-
paniment for the pilgrim's staff. The wicker
basket holds his more precious goods ; but, to
show the insecurity of their tenure, the pilgrim
has a sword ready for their defence.

It is not so easy to account for the animals on
the other cover. My conjecture is, that at least
the four lower ones are meant for the emblematic
figures of the four evangelists. The bird may be
the eagle, the monkey the man ; the dog may, on
closer scrutiny, be found to look something like
the ox or calf; and the lion speaks for itself. But
I can attempt no explanation of the upper
figures, which Mr. Peacock says " may be
horses." I should much like to see drawings of
the whole, both human and animal, having a great
predilection for studying such puzzles. But if
the above hints prove of any service, it will
gratify F. C. Husenbeth, D.D.,

Compiler of the Emblems of Saints.

Blackguard (Vol. vii., p. 77. ; Vol. viii., p. 414.).
— Many contributions towards the history of this
word have appeared in the pages of " N; & Q."
May I forward another instance of its being in
early use, although not altogether in its modern
acceptation ?

A copy of a medical work in my possession (a
12mo., printed in 1622, and in the original bind-
ing) has fly-leaves from some printed book, as is
often the case in volumes of that date. These fly-
leaves seem to be part of some descriptive sketches
of different classes of society, published towards
the early part of the seventeenth century ; and
some of your readers may be able to identify the
work from my description of these odd sheets.
No. 14. is headed "An unworthy Judge;" 16.

"An unworthy Knight and Souldier;" 17. "A
worthy Gentleman;" 18. "An unworthy Gentle-
man," &c. At p. 13., No. 27., occurs " A Bawde
of the Blacke Guard," with her description in
about sixteen lines. She is said to be " well
verst in the black art, to accommodate them of
the black guard : a weesel-look't gossip she is in
all places, where herr mirth is a bawdy tale," and
so on.

Judging from these fly-leaves, the work from
which they have been taken appears to have been
an octavo, or small quarto. " Finis" stands on the
reverse of the leaf whence my extract is copied.

Jaydee.

Another instance of the use of the word black-
guard, in the sense given to it in "N. & Q."
(Vol. ii., pp. 170. 285.), is to be found in Burton's
Anatomy of Melancholy, part i. sect. 2., " A Di-
gression of the Nature of Spirits, bad Angels, or
Devils, &c," in a passage, part of which is given
as a quotation. " Generally they far excel men
in worth, as a man the meanest worme ; " though
some of them are " inferior to those of their own
rank in worth, as the black-guard of a prince's
court, and to men again, as some degenerate, base,
rational creatures are excelled of brute beasts."
The edition of Burton I quote from is 1652.

C. de D.

"Augustus Caesar on a time, as he was passing
through Rome, and saw certain strange women lulling
apes and whelps in their arms: 'What!' said he;
' have the women of these countries none other chil-
dren?' So may I say unto you [Dr. Cole], that make
so much of Gerson, Driedo, Royard, and Tapper :
Have the learned men of your side none other doctors ?
For, alas ! these that ye allege are scarcely worthy to
be allowed amongst the black guard." — Bp. Jewel's
Works (P. S. ed.), vol. i. p. 72.

This is, I think, an earlier example than any
that has yet been given in " N. & Q."

"VV. P. Storeb.

Olney, Bucks.

"Atonement" (Vol. ix., p. 271.). — The word
KaraWayr], used by JEschylus and Demosthenes,
occurs 2 Cor. v. 19., Rom. xi. 15. v. 11. The word
atonement bears two senses : the first, reconciliation,
as used by Sir Thomas More, Shakspeare, Beaumont
and Fletcher, and Bishops Hall and Taylor ; the
second, expiation, as employed by Milton, Swift,
and Cowper. In the latter meaning we find it
in Numbers, and other books of the Old Testa-
ment, as the translation of iKaana.

Waterland speaks of " the doctrine of expiation,
atonement, or satisfaction, made by Christ in His
blood" (Disc, of Fundamentals, vol. v. p. 82.).
Barrow, Seeker, and Beveridge use the word
atone or atonement in this combined sense of the
term. E. Gloucester, Chaucer, and Dryden ex-
pressly speak " at one," in a similar way ; and,

504

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 239.

not to multiply passages, we may merely cite
Tyndal :

" There is but one mediator, Christ, as saith St. Paul,
1 Tim. ii., and by that word understand an atone-
maker, a peace-maker, and bringer into grace and
favour, having full power so to do." — Expos, of Tracy's
Testament, p. 275., Camb. 1850.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

As a contribution towards the solution of J. H.
B.'s Query, I send you the following extracts from
Richardson's Dictionary :

" And like as he made the Jewes and the Gentiles
at one between themselves, even so he made them both
at one with God, that there should be nothing to break
the atonement; but that the thynges in heaven and the
thynges in earth shoulde be ioyned together as it were
into one body." — Udal, Ephesians, c. ii.

" Paul sayth, 1 Tim. ij., ' One God, one Mediatour
(that is to say, aduocate, intercessor, or an atonemaker)
betwene God and man : the man Christ Jesus, which
gaue himself a raunsom for all men." — Tyndal, Workes,
p. 158.

I am unacquainted with the work referred to
in the first extract. The second is from The Whole
Works of W. Tindal, John Frith, and Dr. Barnes
[edited by Foxe], Lond. 1573. The title of the
work which contains the passage is, The Obedience
of a Christian Man, set forth by William Tindal,
1528, Oct. 2. 'AAjeus.

Dublin.

Bible of 1527 (Vol.ix., p. 352.).— In reference
to the monogram inquired after in this Query, I
think I have seen it, or one very similar, among
the "mason marks" on Strasburg Tower, which
would seem a place of Freemason pilgrimage : for
the soft stone is deeply carved in various places
within the tower with such marks as this, together
with initials and dates of visit. I have also marks
very similar from the stones of the tower of the
pretty little cathedral of Freiburg, Briesgau. I
should incline to think it a Masonic mark, and not
that of an engraver on wood, or of a printer.

A. B. R.

Belmont.

Shrove Tuesday (Vol. ix., p. 324.). — The bell
described as rung on Shrove Tuesday at Newbury,
was no doubt the old summons which used to call
our ancestors to the priest to be shrived, or con-
fessed, on that day. It is commonly called the
" Pancake Bell," because it was also the signal
for the cook to put the pancake on the fire. This
savoury couplet occurs in Poor Robin for 1684 :

" But hark, I hear the pancake bell,
And fritters make a gallant smell."

The custom of ringing this bell has been retained
in many parishes. It is orthodoxly rung at Ec-

clesfield from eleven to twelve a. m. Plenty of
information on this subject may be found in
Brand's Popular Antiquities. Alfred Gatty.

Miltoris Correspondence (Vol. viii., p. 640.). —
A translation of Milton's Latin familiar corre-
spondence, made by John Hall, Esq., of the Phi-
ladelphia bar, now a Presbyterian clergyman at
Trenton, N. J., was published about eighteen or
twenty years ago in this city. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

" Verbatim et literatim " (Vol. ix., p. 348.). —
Your correspondent L. H. J. Tonna, in proposing
for the latter part of the above phrase the form
ad literam, might as well have extended his amend-
ment, and suggested ad verbum et literam ; for I
should imagine there is quite as little authority
for the word verbatim being used in the Latin
language, as for that of literatim. Vossius is an
authority for the latter; but can any of your
correspondents oblige me by citing one for the
former, notwithstanding its frequent adoption in
English conversation and writings ? Neither
verbatim nor literatim will be found in Riddle.

N. L. J.

Epigrams (Vol. vii., p. 175.). — The epigram,
" How D.D. swaggers, M.D. rolls," &c, was writ-
ten by Horace Smith, and may be found in the
New Monthly Magazine for 1823, in the article
called " Grimm's Ghost. Letter XII." Uneda.

Philadelphia.

ffli&ttUmtaufi.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

In days like these, when so many of our new books
are but old ones newly dressed up, a work of original
research, and for which the materials have been accumu-
lated by the writer with great labour and diligence,
deserves especial commendation. Of such a character
is the Catholic History of England; its Rulers, Clergy, and
Poor, before the Reformation, as described by the Monkish
Historians, by Bernard William MacCabe, of which the
third volume, extending from the reign of Edward Mar-
tyr to the Norman Conquest, has just been published.
The volumes bear evidence in every page that they are,
as the author describes them, "the results of the writing
and research of many hours— the only hours for many
years that I had to spare from other and harder toils."
Himself a zealous and sincere follower of the "ancient
faith," Mr. MacCabe's views of the characters and events
of which he is treating, naturally assume the colouring
of his own mind : many, therefore, will dissent from
them. None of his readers will, however, dissent from
bestowing upon his work the praise of being carefully
compiled and most originally written. None will deny
the charm with which Mr. MacCabe has invested his
History, by his admirable mode of making the old
Monkish writers tell their own story.

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

505

We some time since called the attention of our
readers to a new periodical which had been commenced
at Gbttingen, under the title of Zeitschrift fur Deutsche
Mythologie und Sittenkunde, under the editorship of
T. W. Wolf. We have since received the 2nd, 3rd,
and 4th Parts of it from Messrs. Williams and Norgate,
and hope shortly to transfer from its pages to our
columns a few of the many curious illustrations of our
own Folk Lore, with which it abounds.

Books Received. — The Works of John Locke, vol. i.,
Philosophical Works, with a preliminary Essay and Notes,
by J. A. St. John, is the first volume of a collected edi-
tion of the writings of this distinguished English phi-
losopher, intended to form a portion of Bohn's Standard
Library. — The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay,
vol. iv., 1788-89. Worth more than its cost for its
pictures of Fox, Burke, Wyndham, &c, and Hastings'
Impeachment. — A Poet's Children, by Patrick Scott.
A shilling's worth of miscellaneous poems from the
pen of this imaginative but somewhat eccentric bard. —
Points of War, I. II. Til. IV., by Franklin Lushing-
ton. Mr. Lushington is clearly an admirer of Tenny-
son, and has caught not a little of the mannerism and
not a few of the graces of his great model.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The following Works of Symon Patrick, late Lord Bishop of
Ely, &c.:_

A Prayer for Perfecting our late Deliverance. 1689.

A Prayer for Charity, Peace, and Unity, chiefly to be used in

Lent.
A Prayer for the King's Success in Ireland. 1690.
A Letter to the Clergy of the Diocese of ELY.at his Primary

Visitation. 1692.
The Dignity of the Christian Priesthood, delivered to his

Clergy at his Fourth Triennial Visitation. 1701.
An Exhortation to the Clergy before his Fifth Triennial

Visitation. 1704. With a discourse on Rev. xvi. 9., upon

occasion of the late terrible Storm of Wind.
An Exhortation at his Sixth Triennial Visitation. 1707.
Wanted by the Rev. Alexander Taylor, 3. Blomfleld Terrace,
Paddington.

Archjeologia, Vol. III.

Wanted by the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, Stow Bardolph, Burnham
Market, Norfolk.

The Hundred and Ten Considerations of Signior John Val-
desso, translated by Nich. Farrer. Oxford, 1638; or the later
edition ofl650.

Wanted by Mr. J. G. Nichols, 25. Parliament Street.

Archbishop Lawrence's Examination of Griesbach's Syste-
matic Classification ofMSS.

Wanted by Longman $ Co., Paternoster Row.

Poems on Several Occasions, by William Broome, LL.D.

London, 1727-1739. 8vo.
Assize Sermon, by the same, on Ps. cxxii. 6. 4to. 1737.
Sermon, by the same, on 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. 8vo. 1700.

Wanted by T. W. Barlow, St. James' Chambers, Manchester.

Osw. Crollius's Admonitory Preface, in English. London,
1657. 8vo.

■ The Mysteries of Nature. London, 1657. 8vo.

On Signatures. London, 1669. Folio.

Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton
Street, Dublin.

Warren's Collection of Glees. Wanted, to perfect the Set,
Nos. 7. 10. 17. 25. and 27 to 32 inclusive. Any one possessing
the above, or a portion of them, may hear of a purchaser, upon
application at Novello's Sacred Music Warehouse, 69. Dean
Street, Soho Square.

fiaiitti ta €avvt^aiiistnti.

Eden Warwick. The paragraph respecting the Crystal Palace
has already appeared in our columns.

Sigma. How can we forward a letter to this Correspondent ?

Enquirer. Our Correspondent's Query is not apparent. The
Rolls House and Chapel, in Chancery Lane, never " reverted
to their original use," that is, as a House of Maintenance for Con-
verted Jews.

J. G. T. For the origin of Bands worn by clergymen, lawyers,
and others, see our Second Volume, pp. 23. 76. 126. .

" Vita Crucem," &c. We have to apologise for having mislaid
the copy of the following distich, requesting a translation as well as
the authorship of it :

" Vita crucem, et vivas, hominem si noscere velles,
Quis, quid, cur, cujus passus amore fuit."

Which may be literally translated, " Shun the Cross, that you may
live, if you would know Him aright, Who and what He was, why
and for love of whom He suffered." These lines see?n to be a
caveat against the adoration of the material Cross, and were pro-
bably composed during the domination of the fanatics in Crom-
well's time, when that redoubtable Goth, Master William Dowsing,
demolished whatever was inscribed with the Cross, whether of

brass, marble, or other material. Our Correspondent will find

the line, " A falcon towering in his pride of place," in Macbeth,
Act II. Sc. 4.

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price 10*. Gd., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

On the 1st of June, and on the first day of every
Month, will be published, price Sixpence, the

JOURNAL OF PROGRESS:

An Advocate of advanced Views in SOCIAL,
MORAL, INDUSTRIAL, and POLITICAL
ECONOMY; and RECORD OF STATIS-
TICS.

This Journal is projected, and will be sup-
ported, by persons devoted to the practical ob-
jects which chiefly affect the welfare of society.

It will also be sent regularly to every Member
ofParliament.

GEORGE BELL, Publisher, 186. Fleet Street,

London.

Order of all Booksellers and Newsmen.

Now ready, crown 8vo.
A New Edition, in large type, of

THE SACEED GARLAND,

or,

THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT.

" Pluck a Flower."

Price 5s. cloth lettered ; 9s. full calf; 12s.
morocco elegant.

Upwards of 100,000 copies of this book in a
smaller form have been sold.

MLLNER & SOWERBY, Halifax.

MESSRS. TRUBNER & CO. HAVE JUST
PUBLISHED

WHITTY. — THE GOVERN-
ING CLASSES OF GREAT BRI-
TAIN: POLITICAL PORTRAITS. By
EDWARD M. WHITTY. Foolscap 8vo.,

price Is. ('»/.

MORELL, — RUSSIA AND
ENGLAND, THEIR STRENGTH
AND WEAKNESS. By JOHN REYNELL
MORELL. Foolscap 8vo., price Is.

TRUBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.

506

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

Bohn's Standard Library for June.

COWPER'S COMPLETE
WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY ; com-
prising his Poems, Correspondence, and Trans-
lations ; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty
fine Engravings on Steel, after designs by
Harvey. To be completed in Eight Volumes.
Vol. IV. Conclusion of Memoir and Corre-
spondence, with General Index to same. Post
8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's British Classics for June.

DEFOE'S WORKS, edited by
SIR WALTER SCOTT. Vol.1. Con-
taining the Life, Adventures, and Piracies of
Captain Singleton, and the Life of Colonel Jack.
With fine Portrait of Defoe. Post 8vo. cloth.
3*. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Illustrated Library for June.

INDIA, PICTORIAL, De-
scriptive, and HISTORICAL, from
the Earliest Times to the Present. Illustrated
by upwards of One Hundred fine Engravings
on Wood, and Map of Hindoostan. Post 8vo.
cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Antiquarian Library for June.

ORDERICUS VITALIS ; his
Ecclesiastical History of England and
Normandy, translated with Notes and the In-
troduction of Guizot, hy T. FORESTER, M.A.
Vol. III. Post 8to. cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Philological Library for June.

LOGIC, OR THE SCIENCE
OF INFERENCE, a popular Manual,
by J. DEVEY. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

Bohn's Classical Library for June.

THE ELEGIES OF PROPER-
TIUS, the Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter,
and the KISSES of JOHANNES SECUN-
T)TJS, literally translated, and accompanied by
Poetical Versions, from various sources j to
which are adHed, the LOVE EPISTLES OF
ARIST^ENETUS, translated by R. BRINS-
LEY SHERIDAN and H. HALHED. Edited
by WALTER K. KELLY. Post 8vo. cloth.
5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

"VTORWAY. A Road Book for

_L i Tourists in Norway, with Hints to En-

flish Sportsmen and Anglers, by THOMAS
ORESTER, Esq. Post 8vo. limp cloth. 2s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
Covent Garden.

WS. LINCOLN & SON,
« Caxton House, Blackfriars Road,
London (removed from Westminster Road),
will forward Gratis and Post Free to all Ap-
plicants, their June Catalogue of Cheap
English and Foreign Second-hand Books.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 6s.,

■\TOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp.720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library . — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

WH. HART, RECORD
■ AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUA-
RIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to
many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform
Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiqua-
rian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared
to undertake searches among the Public Re-
cords, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Na-
ture, in any Brancli of Literature, History,
Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in
which he has had considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
HATCHAM, SURREY.

DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT
BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared
for medicinal use in the Loffoden Isles, Nor-
way, and put to the test of chemical analysis.
The most effectual remedy for Consumption,
Asthma, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, and all
Scrofulous Diseases.
Approved of and recommended by Berzelius,

LlEBIG, WOEHLKR, JONATHAN PeREIRA, FoU-

quier, and numerous other eminent medical
men and scientific chemistsin Europe. Specially
rewarded with medals by the Governments of
Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost
entirely superseded all other kinds on the Con-
tinent, in consequence of its proved superior
power and efficacy— effecting a cure much more
rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of chalk,
volatile acid, and the elements of the bile— in
short, all its most active and essential principles
— in larger quantities than the pale oils made
in Englandand Newfoundland, deprived main-
ly of these by their mode of preparation. A
pamphlet by Dr. de Jongh, with detailed re-
marks upon its superiority, directions for use,
cases in which it has been prescribed with the
greatest success, and testimonials, forwarded
gratis on application.

The subjoined testimonial of BARON LIE-
BIG, Professor of Chemistry at the University
of Giessen, is selected from innumerable others
from medical and scientific men of the highest
distinction :

" Sir, — I have the honour of addressing you
my warmest thanks for your attention in for-
warding me your work on the chemical com-
position and properties, as well as on the me-
dicinal effects, of various kinds of Cod Liver
Oil.

" You have rendered an essential service to
science by your researches, and your efforts to
provide sufferers with this Medicine in its
purest and most genuine state, must ensure
you the gratitude of every one who stands in
need of its use.

" I have the honour of remaining, with ex-
pressions of the highest regard and esteem,
" Yours sincerely.

" DR. JUSTUS LIEBIG."
" Giessen, Oct. 30. 1847.
" To Dr. de Jongh at the Hague."

Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, la-
belled with Dr. de Jongh 's Stamp and Signa-
ture, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77.
Strand, Sole Consignees and Agents for the
United Kingdom and British Possessions ; and
by all respectnble Chemists and Venders of
Medicine in Town and Country, at the follow-
ing prices : — Imperial Measure, Half-pints,
2s. 6cf. ; Pints, 4s. 9rf.

On let June will be published, Part I., price 6s.

MISCELLANEA GRAPHIC A :
a Collection of Ancient Mediteval and
Renaissance Remains, in the possession of the
LORD LONDESBOROUGH. Illustrated by
F. W. FAIRHOLT, F.S.A., &c.

The Work will be published in Nine Quar-
terly Parts, of royal 4to. size, each Part con-
taining Four Plates, One of which will be in
Chromo-litliography, representing Jeweller}',
Antique Plate, Arms, and Armour, and Mis-
cellaneous Antiquities.

London : CHAPMAN & HALL,
193. Piccadilly.

Just published, in 4 vols. 8vo., price 21. in
Sheets.

ORIGINES KALENDARLE
ITALICS ; Nundinal Calendars of
Ancient Italy ; Nundinal Calendar of Romu-
lus ; Calendar of Numa Pompilius ; Calendar
of the Decemvirs ; Irregular Roman Calendar,
and Julian Correction. TABLES OF THE
ROMAN CALENDAR, from u.c. 4 of Varro
n.c. 750 to u.c. 1108 a.d. 355. By EDWARD
GRESWELL, B.D., Fellow of Corpus Christi
College, Oxford.

Oxford : at the UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER. Oxford,
and 377. Strand, London ; and GARDNER,
7. Paternoster Row.

Just published, 8vo., price 2s. 6rf.

PRELIMINARY ADDRESS
of the ORIGINES KALEND4RLS1
ITALICS. lately published at the OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS. With some further
observations. By EDWARD GRESWELL,
B.D., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford ; and
377. Strand, London.

Cambridge : J. DEIGHTON.

Just published, 8vo., price 10s. in Sheets.

THEODORETI Episcopi Cyri
Ecclesiastical Historian Libri Quinque
cum Interpretatione Latina et Annotationibus
Henrici Valesii. Recensuit THOMAS GAIS-
FORD, S. T. P., JEd\s Christi Decanus necnon
Linguae Graca; Professor Regius.

Oxonii : E TYPOGRAPHEO ACADEMICO.
Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford,

and 377. Strand, London ; and GARDNER,

7. Paternoster Row.

Just published, 8vo., price 5s. 6d. in Sheets,

OYNODUS ANGLICANA.

O By Edmund Gibson, D.D., afterwards
Bishop of London. Edited by EDWARD
CARD WELL, D.D., Principal of St. Alban's
Hall.

Oxford : at the UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Sold bv JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford,
and 337. Strand, London ; and GARDNER,
7. Paternoster Row.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

XX CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly tiie best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

May 27. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

507

COLLODION POKTRAITS
AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-

ghical Instrument Makers, and Operative
hemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE

JL & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-
DION.- J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price 1*., per PoBt, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, materials, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

Important Sale by Auction of the whole of the
remaining Copies of that splendid National
Work, known as "FINDEN'S ROYAL
GALLERY OF BRITISH ART," the
engraved Plates of which will be destroyed
during the Progress of the Sale, and in the
presence of the Purchasers.

QOUTHGATE & BARRETT

O have received instructions from MR.
nOGARTH. of the Haymarket, to Sell by
Public Auction at their Fine Art and Book
Auction Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, London, on
Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and following
Evenings,

THE WHOLE OF THE REMAINING
COPIES

Of the very Celebrated Work, known as

FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF
BRITISH ART,

Consisting of ft limited number of Artists' and
Other choice proofs, and the print impressions,
which are all in an exceedingly fine state.
The work consists of 48 plates, the whole of
which are engraved in line by the most emi-
nent men in that branch of art, and the pic-
tures selected will at once show that the great
artists— Turner, Eastlake, Landseer, Stan-
field, Webster, Roberts, Wilkie, Maclise, Mul-
ready, and more than thirty other British
Masters, are represented by the works which
established and upheld them in public favour,
and by themes which appeal to universal
sympathy and happiest affections, or which
delineate the peculiar glories of our country,
and commemorate its worthiest and most
honourable achievements.

The attention of the public is also particu-
larly directed to the fact that ALL THE
ENGRAVED PLATES from which the im-
pressions now offered have been taken, WILL
BE DESTROYED IN THE PRESENCE
OF THE PURCHASERS, at the time of Sale.
By thus securing the market from being sup-
plied with inferior impressions at a future
time, and at a cheaper rate, the value of the
existing stock will be increased, and it will
become the interest of all who wish to possess
copies of these eminent works of art. at a re-
duced price, to purchase them at this Sale,
which will be THE ONLY OPPORTUNITY
of obtaining them.

Under these circumstances, therefore,
SOUTHGATE & BARRETT presume to
demand for this Sale the attention of all lovers
of art — the amateur, the artist, and the
public: — believing that no opportunity has
ever offered bo happily calculated to promote
tafte and to extend knowledee, while minis-
tering to the purest and best enjoyments
which the artist conveys to the hearts and
homes of all who covet intellectual pleasures.

Framed Copies of the work can be seen at
MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket ; MESSRS.
LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO.. 22. Ludgate
Hill ; and at the AUCTIONEERS, 22. Fleet
Street, by whom all Communications and
Commissions will be promptly and faithfully
attended to.

*** Catalogues of the entire Sale will be
forwarded on Receipt of 12 Postage Stamps.

Sale by Auction of the Stocks of extremely
Valuable Modern Engravings, the engraved
Plates of which will be destroyed in the pre-
sence of the Purchasers at the Time of Sale.

SOUTHGATE & BARRETT
beg to announce that they will include in
their Sale by Auction of "FINDEN'S ROYAL
GALLERY," and other Valuable Works of
Art of a similar character, to take place at
their Fine Art and Book Auction Rooms, 22.
Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening,
June 7th, and Seventeen following Evenings
(Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the whole
of the STOCKS OF PKOOFS AND PRINTS
of the following HIGHLY IMPORTANT
ENGRAVINGS, published by MR. HO-
GARTH and MESSRS. LLOYD & CO.

" Ehrenbreitstein," painted by J. M. W.
Turner, R. A., engraved by John Pye. "Ecce
Homo," from the picture by Correggio, en-
graved by G. T. Doo. "The Dame School,"
painted by T. Webster, R. A., engraved by L.
Stocks. " Eton Montem," two views illustrative
of, from pictures by Evans of Eton, engraved
by Charles Lewis. " Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth

Fry," engraved by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A.,
from a picture by George Richmond. " Por-
traits of eminent Persons," by George Rich-
mond and C. Baugniet. " Portrait of W. C.
Macready, Esq., as Werner," painted by D.
Maclise, R. A., engraved bj' Sharpe. Flowers
of German Art, a series of 20 plates by the most
eminent engravers. Cranstone's Fugitive
Etchings, 17 plates. Turner and Gittin's
River Scenery, 30 plates. "Cottage Piety,"
painted by Thomas Faed, engraved by Henry
Lemon (unpublished). " Sec Saw," painted by
T. Webster. R. A., engraved by Hull (unpub-
lished). " Village Pastor." painted by W. P.
Frith, R. A., engraved by Holl. '• The Imma-
culate Conception." painted by Guido, en-
graved in line by W. H. Watt. " Harvey de-
monstrating to Charles the First his Theory
of the Circulation of the Blood," painted by
Hannah, engraved by Lemon. " The Origin
of Music," painted by Selous, engraved by
Wass. " The First Step," painted by Faed,
engraved by Sharpe. " The Prize Cartoons,
published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. And
numerous other highly interesting and valu-
able works of Art.

ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES of the
above-mentioned engravings WILL BE DE-
STROYED in the pretence of the purchasers
at the time of sale, which will thereby secure
to the purchasers the same advantages as are
mentioned in the advertisement given above,
of the sale of the remaining copies of " Fin-
den's Royal Gallery."

Framed Impressions of each of the plates can
be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket :
at MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO.,
22. Ludgate Hill ; and at the AUCTIONEERS,
22. Fleet Street, by whom all communications
and commissions will be promptly and faith-
fully attended to.

*** Catalogues of the entire sale will be
forwarded on receipt of 12 Postage Stamps.

The very extensive, highly important, and ex -
tremely choice Stock of MODERN EN-
GLISH AND FOREIGN ENGRAVINGS,
WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, and ex-
pensive Books of Prints, of MR. HOGARTH
of the Haymarket.

SOUTHGATE & BARRETT
will Sell by Auction at their Fine Art
and Book Auction Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, on
Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen
following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays
excepted), in the same sale as the " FINDEN'S
ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART,"
this extremely valuable and highly interesting
Stock. Amongst the ENGRAVINGS » ill be
found in the BEST STATES OF ARTISTS'
and other CHOICE PROOFS, nearly all the
popular plates that have been published during
the last quarter of a century ; also an Im-
portant Collection of Foreign Line Engravings
in the best states ; a large variety of Portraits
and other subjects after Sir Joshua Reynolds,
some very rare ; an extensive series of prints
by Hogarth, in early proofs, and with curious
variations ; a most complete series of artists'
proofs of the works of George Cruikshank, in-
cluding nearly all his early productions, many
unique ; a number of scarce Old Prints, and a
series in fine states by Sir Robert Strange.
The Stock is peculiarly rich in the works of
J. M.W.Turner, R.A., and comprises artists'
proofs and the choicest states of all his im-
portant productions, and matchless copies of
the England and Wales and Southern Coast.
The Collection of HIGH-CLASS WATER-
COLOUR DRAWINGS consists of examples
of the most eminent artists (particularly Bome
magnificent specimens by J. M. W. Turner),
as well as a great variety of the early English
School, and some by the Ancient Masters;
also a most interesting Collection by Members
of the Sketching Society. Of the Modern
School are examples by—

Absolon

Austin

Barrett

Cattermole

Collins

Fielding, C.

Holland

Hunt

Landseer, E.

Leslie

Lewis, J.

Liverseege

Maclise

Muller

Nesfield

Prout

Tayler, F.

Uwins

Webster

Wilkie

Catalogues of the entire Sale will be for-
warded on receipt of 12 postage stamps, and all
communications and commissions promptly
and faithfully attended to.

22. Fleet Street, London.

508

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 239.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller. Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.
VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Bates of Premium for Assuring
lOOf.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—

Age
17 -

£ s. d.

- 1 14 4

- 1 18 8

Age

32-

£ s. d.

■ 2 10 8

■ 2 18 6

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6eZ., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's
Place, Trafalgar Square, London.

Established a. d. 1844.

TNVESTMENT ACCOUNTS

JL may be opened daily, with capital of any
amount.

Interest payable in January and July.
PETER MORRISON,

Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on appli-
cation.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 cuineas ; Silver. 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2l.,3l., and it. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

SHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the
recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
s, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 17851, sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Ahel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hass<5,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A. Osborne, John
Parry, H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright, &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Li»t«
and Designs Gratis.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6d. ; double size, 4s. 6d. ; 7a. 6rf.
equal to 4 small; lis. to 6 small: 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6<Z. Sent
Free by BEET HAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street;
JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
Street, Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow ; DUN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small sizel - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger sizel - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

ROSS & SONS' INSTANTA-
NEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell,
the best and cheapest extant. — ROSS & SONS
have several private apartments devoted en-
tirely to Dyeing the Hair, and particularly re-
quest a visit, especially from the incredulous,
as they will undertake to dye a portion of their
hair, without charging, of any colour required,
from the lightest brown to the darkest black,
to convince them of its effect.

Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., &s.6d., 10s., 15s., and
20s. each case. Likewise wholesale to the
Trade by the pint, quart , or gallon.

Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bi-
shopsgate Street, Six Doors from Cornhill,
London.

HEAL & SON'S SPRING
MATTRESSES. — The most durable
Bedding is a well-made SPRING MAT-
TRESS ; it retains its elasticity, and will wear
longer without repair than any other mattress,
and with one French Wool and Hair Mattress
on it is a most luxurious Bed. HEAL & SON
make them in three varieties. For prices of
the different sizes and qualities, apply for
HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, and priced LIST
OF BEDDING. It contains designs and
prices of upwards of 100 Bedsteads, and prices
of every description of Bedding, and is sent
free by Post.
HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER
ALE. _ MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLbOPP
& SONS" written across it.

Printed by Thokas Clare: Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, m the Par sh i f
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geoboi Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish ot St. Dunstan in the Wesi, in me
City of London, Publisher at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, May 27. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OE INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, . ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

«* Wlaen found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 240.]

Saturday, June 3. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.

I Stamped Edition, $d.

CONTENTS.

Page

St. Augustine on Clairvoyance, by J. E.

B. Mayor - - - - - Ml

Edward Gibbon, Father and Son - 511

Bonn's" Ordericus Vitalis" - - 512

A Curious Exposition - - - 512

Minor Notes : — Inscription — Anti-
quarian Documents— Bishop Watson's
Map of Europe in 1854— Extracts from
the Registers of the Bishops of Lincoln
— Marston and Erasmus — Puzzle for
the Heralds - - - -513

'Queries: —
Sepulchral Monuments - - - 514

Queries on South's Sermons, by the Rev.
W. H. Gunner - - - - 515

Minor Queries : — Norwich, Kirkpa-
triok Collection of MSS. for the History
of — Corbet — Initials in Glass Quar-
ries — Church Service : Preliminary
Texts— The Spinning-machine of the
Ancients — View of Dumfries — " To
pass the pikes" — May-day Custom —
Maydenburi — Richard Fitz-Alan,
ninth Earl of Arundel — French
Refugees — " Dilamgabendi " — Mr.
Plumley— Designation of Works under
Review— North-west Passage —Foun-
tains — Pope and John Dennis - 515

Minor Queries with Answers : —
The Irish at the Battle of Crecy—
King of the Isle of Wight - Theodore
de la Guard— Back — Broom at Mast-
head - - - - - 517

'Ri-: plies : —

The Advice supposed to have been given

to Julius III., by B. B. Woodward,&c. MS

LordRosehill - - - - 519

Major Andr£ - - - - 520

The Terminations "-by" and"-ness,"

by Wm. Matthews, &e. - - 522
Newspaper Folk Lore, by Edward Pea-
cock - - - - - 523
Ventilation, by T. J. Buckton - - 524

3PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : —

History of Photographic Discovery —
Photographic Cautions— A Query re-
specting Collodion — The Ceroleine
Process — Mr. Fox Talbot's Patents - 524

'Replies to Minor Queries : — The
Olympic Plain — Encyclopaedia of In-
dexes, or Table of Contents _ " One
New Year's Day"— Unregistered Pro-
verbs — Orange Blossoms — Peculiar
Use of the Word " Pure " — Worm in
Books — - Chapel Sunday — Bishop
Inglis of Nova Scotia — Gutta Percha
made soluble — Impe— Bothy— Work
on Ants — Jacobite Garters — "The
Three Pigeons" — Corporation Enact-
ments — The Passion of our Lord
dramatised — Hardman's Account of
Waterloo — Aristotle— Papyrus— Bell

at Rouen — Word-minting Cole-

ridge'6 Christabel, &c. - 526

Miscellaneous: —

Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 530
Notices to Correspondents - - S30

Vol. IX. — No. 240.

Multa; terricolis lingua?, ccelestibus una.

SAMUEL BAGSTER
AND SONS'

GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent
Free by Post. It contains Lists of
Quarto Family Bibles ; Ancient
English Translations ; Manuscript-
notes Bibles ; Polyglot Bibles in erery variety
of Size and Combination of Language ; Pa-
rallel-passages Bibles ; Greek Critical and
other Testaments ; Polyglot Books of Common
Prayer ; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many
other Languages, in great variety ; Aids to the
Study of the Old Testament and of the New
Testament ; and Miscellaneous Biblical and
other Works. By Post Free.

London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS,
15. Paternoster Row.

A9a.ya.Tti<riy.

, fax. v

This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s.

QYNONYMS OF THE NEW

O TESTAMENT : being the Substance of
a Course of Lectures addressed to the Theolo-
gical Students, King's College, London. By
RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH, B.D..
Professor of Divinity, King's College, and
Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of
Oxford.

Cambridge : MACMILLAN & CO.

London : JOnN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

This Day, fcp. 8vo., 3s. 6d.

QKETCHES OF SCEIPTURE

O FEMALE CHARACTERS. Dedicated
to her Children by the VISCOUNTESS
HOOD.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE EN-
GLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL.

In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each, in cloth.

This Day, the Second Volume of

COWPER'S POETICAL
WORKS.

Already published.

DRYDEN. Complete in Three

Volumes.

SURREY, MINOR CON-

TEMPORANEOUS POETS, and SACK-
VILI.E, LORD BUCKHURST. In One
Volume.

On the First of July, the Third and concluding
Volume of

COWPER.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

A MERICAN BOOKS. — LOW,

XX SON, & CO., as the Importers and Pub-
lishers of American Books in this Country,
have recently issued a detailed Catalogue of
their Stock in Theology, History, Travels,
Biography, Practical Science, Fiction, &c., a
Copy of which will be forwarded upon appli-
cation.

By arrangements with the American Pub-
lishers, all Works of known or anticipated
interest will in future be published by LOW,
SON, & CO., simultaneously with their appear-
ance in America. Works not in stock ob-
tained within six weeks of order. Lists of
Importations forwarded regularly when de-
sire i.

Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants
and Shippers, and the Trade, supplied on ad-
vantageous terms.

Small enclosures taken for weekly case to
the United States at a moderate charge.

A

Just published.

CATALOGUE OF BOOKS,

_ all perfect and in good Condition, and
marked at extremely low Prices. May be had
on Application, or sent Post Free.

UPHAM & BEET (late ROD WELL),
46. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street.

BOOKS. — Just Ready, No. 47.
of REEVES & TURNER'S Catalogue
of Books in every Class of Literature, sent
Free on application to 114. Chancery Lane.

A T ALOGUE of CL A SSICAL,

MATHEMATICAL, and SCHOOL
)OKS just ready, to be had, or sent free on
application to
REEVES & TURNER, 114. Chancery Lane.

In 61mo., price, bound and clasped, Is. 6d.

THE SERMON in the MOUNT.
Printed by C- Whittingham, uniformly
with THE THUMB BIBLE from the Edition
of 1693 — which may still be had, price Is. 6rf.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

Fourth Edition, price Is. cloth (Is. id. by Post).

A WORD TO THE WISE, or
Hints on the Current Improprieties of
Expression in Writing and Speaking. By
PARRY GWYNNE.

" All who wish to mind their P's and Q's
should consult this little volume."— Gentle-
man's Magazine.

GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's
Church Yard.

rTHE ORIGINAL QUAD-

I RILLES, composed for the PIANO

FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE MERTON.

London : Published for the Proprietor, and

may be had of C. LONSDALE. 26. Od Bond

Street ; and by Order of all Music Sellers.

PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.

510

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

Important Sale by Auction of the whole of the
remaining Copies of that splendid National
Work known as "FINDEN'S ROYAL
GALLERY OF BRITISH ART." the
engraved Plates of which will be destroyed
during the Progress of the Sale, and in the
presence of the Purchasers.

QOUTHGATE & BARRETT

O hare recfived instructions from MR.
HOGARTH, of the Haymarket, to Sell by
Public Auction at their Fine Art and Book
Auction Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, London, on
"Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and following
Evenings,

THE WHOLE OF THE REMAINING
COPIES

Of the very Celebrated Work, known as

FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF
BRITISH ART,

Consisting of a limited number of Artists' and
other choice proofs, and the print impressions,
which are all in an exceedingly fine state.
The work consists of 48 plates, the whole of
which are engraved in line by the most emi-
nent men in that brancli of art, and the pic-
tures selected will at once show that the great
artists— Turner, Eastlake, Landseer, Stan-
field, Webster. Roberts, Wilkie, Maciise. Mul-
ready, and more than thirty other British
Masters, are represented by the works which
established and upheld them in public favour,
and by themes which appeal to universal
sympathy and happiest affections, or which
delineate the peculiar glories of our country,
and commemorate its worthiest and most
honourable achievements.

The attention of the public is also particu-
larly directed to the fact that ALL THE
ENGRAVED PLATES from which the im-
pressions now offered have been taken. WILL
BE DESTROYED IN THE PRESENCE
OF THE PI RCHASERS, at the time of Sale.
By thus securing the market from being sup-
plied with inferior impressions at a future
time, and at a cheaper rate, the value of the
existing stock will be increased, and it will
become the interest of all who wish to possess
copies of these eminent works of art, at a re-
duced price, to purchase them at this Sale,
which will be THE ONLY OPPORTUNITY
of obtaining them.

Under these circumstances, therefore,
SOUTHGA l E * BARRETT presume to
demand for this Sale the attention of all lovers
of art— the amateur, the artist, and the
public ;— believing that no oppoitunity has
ever offered so happily calculated to promote
taste and to extend knowledi e, while minis-
tering to the purest and best mjoyments
which the artist conveys to the hearts and
homes of all who covet in'elleciual plea^res.

Framed Copies of the work can be seen at
MR. HOGARTH'S, S. Haymarket ; MESSRS.
LLOYD. BROTHKRS, & CO.. 22. Ludgate
Hill i and at the AUCTIONEERS. 22. Fleet
Street, by whom all Communications and
Commissions will be promptly and faithfully
attended to.

*** Catalogues of the entire Sale will be
forwarded on Receipt of 12 Postage Stamps.

Sale by Auction of the Stocks of extremely
Valuable Modem Engravings, the engraved
Plates of which will be destroyed in the pre-
sence of the Purchasers at the Time of Sale.

SOUTHGATE & BARRETT
beg to announce that they will include in
their Sale hy Auction of "FINDEN'S ROYAL
GALLERY," and other Valuable Works of
Art of a similar character, to take place at
their Fine Art and Book Auction Rooms, 22.
Fleet Sireet, London, on Wednesday Evening,
June 7th, and Seventeen following Evenings
(Saturdavs and Sundays excepted), the whole
of the ST CKS OF PROOFS AND PRINTS
of the following HIGHLY IMPORTANT
ENGRAVINGS, published by MR. HO-
GARTH and MESSRS. LLOYD & CO.

" Ehrenbreitstein," painted by J. M. W.
Turner. R. A , engravtd by John Pye. "Ecce
Homo," from the picture by Correggio, en-
graved by G. T. Doo. "The Dame School,"
painted by T. Wcbter, R. A., engraved by L.
Stocks. " Eton Montem," two views illustrative
of, from pictures by Evans of Eton, engraved
by Charles Lewis. " Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth

Fry," engraved by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A.
from a picture by George Richmond. "Por-
traits of eminent Persons," by George Rich-
mond and C. Baugniet. "Portrait of W. C.
Macreadv, Esq., as Werner." painted by D.
Maciise, R. A., engraved by Shariie. Flowers
of German Art, a series of 20 plates by the most
eminent engravers. Cranstone's Fugitive
Etchings, 17 plates. Turner and Girtin's
River Scenery, 30 plates. " Cottage Piety,"
painted by Thomas Faed, engraved by Henry
Lemon (unpublished). " See Saw," painted by
T. Webster. R. A., engraved by Holl (unpub-
lished). " Village Pastor." painted by W. P.
Frith, R. A., engraved by Holl. " The Imma-
culate Conception." painted by Guido. en-
graved in line by W. H. Watt. " Harvey de-
monstrating to Charles the First his Theory
of the Circulation of the Blood," painted by
Hannah, engraved by Lemon. "The Origin
of Music," painted by Selous. engraved by
Wass. "The First Step." painted by 1 aed,
engraved hy Sbarpe. "The Prize Cartoons,"
published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. And
numerous other highly interesting and valu-
able works of Art.

ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES of the
above-mentioned engravings WILL BE DE-
STROYED in the presence of the purchasers
at the time of sale, which will thereby secure
to the purchasers the same advantages as are
mentioned in the advertisement given above,
of the sale of the remaining copies of " Fin-
den's Royal Gallery."

Framed Impressions of each of the plates can
be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket ;
at MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS. & CO.,
22. Ludgate Hill ; and atthe AUCTIONEERS,
22. Fleet Street, by wh<m all communications
and commissions will be promptly and faith-
fully attended to.

*** Catalogues of the entire sale will be
forwarded on receipt of 12 Postage Stamps.

The very extensive, highly important, and ex-
tremely choice Stock of MODERN EN-
GLISH AND FOREIGN ENGRAVINGS,
WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, and ex-
pensive Books of Prints, of MR. HOGARTH
of the Haymarket.

QOUTHGATE & BARRETT

lO will Sell by Auction at their Fine Art
and Book Auction Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, on
Wednesday Evening, June 7th. and Seventeen
following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays
excepted), in the same sale as the "FINDEN'S
ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART,"
this extremely valuable and highly Interesting
Stock. Amongst the ENGRAVINGS - ill i,e
found in the BEST STATES OF ARTISTS'
and other CHOICE I ROOFS, nearly all the
popular plates that have been published during
the last quarter of a century ; also an Im-
portant Collection of Foreign Line Engravings
m the best stales ; a large vaiety of Port: aits
and other subjects after Sir Joshua Reynolds,
some very rare ; an extensive series of piints
by Hogarth, in early proofs, and with curious
variations : a most complete series of artists'
proofs of the works of George Cruikshank, in-
cluding nearly all his early productions, many
unique ; a number of scarce Old Prints, and a
series in fine states hy Sir Robert Strange.
The Stock is peculiarly rich in the works of
J. M. W. Turner, R.A., and comprises artists'
proofs and the choicest states of all his im-
portant productions, and matchless copies of
the England and Wales and Southern Coast.
The Collection of HIGH-CI A.»S WATER-
COLOUR DRAWINGS consists of examples
of the most eminent artists (particularly some
magnificent specimens by J. M. W. Turner"),
as well as a great variety of the early English
School, and some by the Ancient Masters;
also a most interesting Collection by Members
of the Sketching Society. Of the Modern
School are examples by —

Absolon Lewis, J.

Austin Liverseege

Barrett Maciise

Cattermole Muller

Collins Nesfield

Fielding, C. Prout

Holland Tayler, F.

Hunt Uwins

Landseer, E. Webster

Leslie Wilkie

Catalogues of the entire Sale will be for-
warded on receipt of 12 postage stamps, and all
communications and commissions promptly
and faithfully attended to.
22. Fleet Street, London.

A RUNDEL SOCIETY. — The

J\ Publication of the Fourth Year ( 1S52-3),
consisting of E ght Wood Engravings by
MESSRS. DALZIEL. from Mr. W. Oliver
Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos
at PADUA, is now ready : and Members who
have not paid their Subscriptions are requested
to forward them to the Treasurer by Post-
office Order, payable at the Charing Cross
Office.

JOHN J. ROGERS,

Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
March, 1854.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

-THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-

I TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. rf-
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - - 1 1 0

Additional Copies (each") - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size! - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures. Oil Painti'tgs, Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice. . „,

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT
BROWN COD 1 IVER OIL Prepared
for medicinal use in the l.offoden Isles, Nor-
way, and put to the test o' chemical analysis.
The most effectual remedy for Consumption,
Bronchitis, Asthma, Gout, Chronic Rheuma-
tism, and all Scrofulous Diseases.
Approved of and recommend* d by Berzki.ius,

LlEBIO, WoEHLER, JONATHAN PeREIRA, FoO-

quier, and numerous other eminent medical
men and scientific chemists in Europe. Specially
rewardi d with medals by the Governments of
Belgium and the Netherlands Has almost
entirely superseded all other kinds on the Con-
tinent, in consequence of iis proved superior
power and efficacy— effecting a cure much more
rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate ot walk,
volatile acid, and the elements of the bile— m
short, all its most active and essential principle*
—in larger quantities than the pale oils made
in England and Newfoundland, deprived main-
ly of these bv their mode of preparat on. A
pamphlet by Dr. de Jongh, with detailed re-
marks upon its superiority, directions for use,
cases in which it has been prescribed with the
greatest success, and testimonials, forwarded
gratis on application. .n,„™rir

The subjoined testimonial of BARON LIE-
BIG, Professor of Chemistry ot the Univeisity
of Giessen, is selected from innumerable others
from medical and scientific men of the highest
distinction :

" Sir, — I have the honour of addressingyou
my warmest thanks for your attention in for-
warding me your work on the chemical com-
position and properties, as well as on the me-
dicinal effects, of various kinds of Cod Liver

"You have rendered an essential service to
science by your researches, and your efforts to
provide sufferers with this Medicine in its
purest and most genuine -tate, must ensure
you the gratitude of every one who stands in
need of its use. . .

"I have the honour of remaining, with ex-
pressions of the highest regard and esteem,
" Yours sincerely

" DR. JUSTUS LIEBIG."

" Giessen, Oct. 30. 1847.
" To Dr. de Jongh at the Hague.

Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, la-
belled with Dr. de Ji.ngh's Stamp and Signa-
ture oy ANSAR, HARFORD. & CO.. .77.
Strand, Sole Consignees and Agents for the
United Kingdom and British Possessions ; and
by all respectable Chemists and Venders of
Medicine in Town and Country, at the follow-
ing prices : — Imperial Measure, Half-pints,
2s."6d. i Pints, 4s. 9d.

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

511

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1854.
ST. AUGUSTINE ON CLAIRVOYANCE.

Dr. Maitland, in his valuable Illustrations of
Mesmerism, has not, I think, noticed an important
passage in St. Augustine's treatise, De Genesi ad
litteram, 1. xn. c. 17. §§ 34. seq., in which, after
saying that demons can read mens thoughts, and
know what is passing at a distance, he proceeds to
give a detailed account of two cases of clair-
voyance. The whole is written with his usual
graphic power, and will well reward the perusal.
I must content myself with a brief outline of the
facts.

1. A patient, suffering from a fever, was sup-
posed to be possessed by an unclean spirit.
Twelve miles off lived a presbyter, with whom, in
mesmerist phraseology, he was en rapport. He
would receive no food from any other hands ; with
him, except when a fit was upon him, he was calm
and submissive. When the presbyter left his
home the patient would indicate his position at
each stage of his journey, and mark his nearer and
nearer approach. " He is entering the farm —
the house — he is at the door ; " and his visitor
stood before him. Once he foretold the death of
a neighbour, not as though he were predicting a
future event, but as if recollecting a past. For
when she was mentioned in his hearing, he ex-
claimed, " She is dead, I saw her funeral ; that
way they carried out her corpse." In a few days
she fell sick and died, and was carried out along
that very road which he had named.

2. A boy was labouring under a painful disorder,
which the physicians had vainly endeavoured to
relieve. In the exhaustion which followed on his
convulsive struggles, he would pass into a trance,
keeping his eyes open, but insensible to what was
going on around him, and passively submitting to
pinches from the bystanders {ad nullam se vellica-
tionem movens). After awhile he awoke and told
what he had seen. Generally an old man and a
youth appeared to him ; at the beginning of Lent
they promised him ease during the forty days, and
gave him directions by which he might be relieved
and finally cured. He followed their counsel, with
the promised success.

Augustine's remarks (c. xviii. § 39.) on these
and similar phenomena are well worth reading.
He begs the learned not to mock him as speaking
confidently, and the unlearned not to take what
he says on trust, but hopes that both will regard
him simply as an inquirer. He compares these
visions to those in dreams. Some come true, and
some false ; some are clear, others obscure. But
men love to search into what is singular, neglect-
ing what is usual, though even more inexplicable ;
just as when a man hears a word whose sound is

new to him, he is curious to know its meaning ;
while he never thinks of asking the meaning of
words familiar to his ear, however little he may
really understand them. If any one then wishes
for a satisfactory account of these strange phe-
nomena, let him first explain the phenomena of
dreams, or let him show how the images of ma-
terial objects reach the mind through the eyes.

J. E. B. Mayor.
St. John's College, Cambridge.

EDWARD GIBBON, FATHER AND SON.

Gibbon mentions in his Memoirs (edit. 1796,
p. 18.), that in 1741 his father and Mr. Delme
successfully contested Southampton against Mr.
Henly, subsequently Lord Chancellor, but that,
after the dissolution in 1747, he was unable or
unwilling to maintain another contest, and " the
life of the senator expired in that dissolution."
Not so the hopes of the senator, as will appear
from the following extract from a letter, dated
" Beriton, January 27, 1754 :"

" I received the favour of your letter according

to the time you promised. As Lord M has

promised his own votes, I find there is nothing to
be done : strange behaviour, sure ! But there
seems to be such infatuation upon this poor
country, that even a good Catholic shall join
with a Dissenter to rivet on her chains. There
are several of the Independents would have me
stand it out, but I would not on any account, for
I find it would make great dissensions, and even

several of Lord M 's fagots and tenants would

vote against him ; and another thing, it would
lessen him in the opinion of a great many people
to have him making interest for the two present
worthy candidates against me. I shall therefore,
upon his account, give over all thoughts of stand-
ing ; and I hope it may give me some little more
credit, and merit with him against another election,
especially if you would be so good as to improve it
for me."

The following is of far greater interest — full of
character. How well it illustrates the paragraph
in the Memoirs (pp. 82-3.) :

" My stay at Beriton was always voluntary

I never handled a gun, I seldom mounted a horse;
and my philosophic walks were soon terminated by a
shady bench, where I was long detained by the seden-
tary amusement of reading or meditation."

It appears however, by this letter, that on one oc-
casion he trespassed on some neighbour's game
preserves, and received a hint on the subject :

Beriton, Nov. 16, 1758.
Sib,
As I am extremely well convinced of your
politeness, and your readiness to grant your

512

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

neighbours any reasonable liberty with regard
to country sports, so I should be very sorry if
either myself or my servants had taken any im-
proper ones.

I am no sportsman, Sir, and was as much
tempted this morning by the beauty of the day
and the pleasure of the ride as by the hopes of
any sport. I went out, and, neither acquainted
with the bounds of the manors nor your request
to the neighbouring gentlemen, could only follow
my groom where he led me. I quitted your
manor the instant I received your message, with-
out having killed anything in it. I assure you
that you shall never have again the same subject
of complaint. With regard to the liberty you are
so good as to grant me for other sports, I return
you my most humble thanks, but shall not make
much use of it, as there are still in my father's
manor more game than would satisfy so moderate
a sportsman as myself.

My father would be extremely angry if his
servants had destroyed any of your game; but
they all assure him they have killed no one hare
upon your liberties. As to pheasants, they have
only killed one this season, and that in Inwood
copse.

I am,

Sir,
Your obedient humble servant,

E. Gibbon, Junior.

E. G. F. S.

BOHN S " ORDERICUS VITALIS.

In looking through the pages of Ordericus Vi-
talise vol. ii. (Bohn's edition), I have noticed some
trifling inaccuracies, to one or more of which you
will perhaps suffer me to call the editor's attention
through the medium of " 1ST. & Q.," in case he be
not already aware of them.

At p. 70. King William is described as offering
the bishopric of Mans to " Samson, Bishop of
Bayeux, his chaplain." So in the index to Histor.
Anglic, circa tempus Conquestus, Sfc, a Francisco
Maseres^ I find this passage of Vifalis referred to
under the title of " Sanson Baiocensis episcopus"

But yet Odo was Bishop of Bayeux at this
time ; and notwithstanding what Marbode after-
wards said of Bayeux, when he invited his old
pupil to meet him there, viz. " Sedes prassulibus
sufficit ilia tribus," yet Samson, even then, was
not Bishop of Bayeux, but of Worcester.

The original words of Vitalis are, " Sansoni
Baiocensi," Samson being (temp. Will. I.) Canon
and Treasurer of Bayeux, as well as Baron of
Dover, and Canon of St. Martin's there, Dean of
Wolverhampton, and chaplain to William. He
was a married man, and apparently at the time in
question only in deacon's orders. One of his sons,

at a later period,. became Bishop of Bayeux, as did
also a grandson, whose mother (according to
Beziers) was " Isabelle de Dovre, maitresse de
Robert Conte de Glocester, batard de Henri L,
Roi d'Angleterre." Upon which I would found
a Query, viz., Was this grandson of Samson,
whose name was Richard, an uterine or a half
brother of Roger, Bishop of Worcester ? Both
are described as sons of Robert, Earl of Glou-
cester.

At p. 261. Alberede is described in the text of
the translation to be a daughter of " Hugh,
Bishop of Evreux," whereas in the original she is
said to be " Hugonis Bajocensis episcopi filia."

In a note to this passage we are informed that
Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, died at the Council of
Rheims (Oct. 1049), and that he was eldest son of
Ralph, Count d'lvri, &c. On the contrary, we
are told at p. 428, note 2, that it was Odo's pre-
decessor (i. e. Hugh d'lvri) in the see of Bayeux,
who died at the Council of Rheims, Oct. 1049.
Again, in a note at p. 118, we learn that Hugh
d'Eu, who succeeded Herbert as Bishop of Lisieux
in 1050, or the year following the Council in
question, did not vacate that see until 1077.

Before I close this Note, I should be glad to
inquire what grounds the editor has for asserting
(p. 32, n. 1.) that Thomas, Archbishop of York,
" was not a chaplain to the king" before his pro-
motion. Thierry, Histoire de la Conquete, &fc.
(Par. 1825, tome ii. p. 18.), says: "Thomas, l'un
des chapelains du roi, fut nomine archeveque
d'York." And by Godwin {De Prcesul. Angl.,
torn. ii. p. 244.) we are told that Odo —

" Eum (Thomam) Thesaurarium Baiocensem con-
stituit, et postea Regi fratri commendavit, ut illi csset a
sacras."

Anon.

A CURIOUS EXPOSITION.

The following curious illustration, which I met
with the other day in a book where few would be
likely to look for it, seems to me fairly to deserve
a place among the Notes of your interesting pub-
lication. It forms the moral exposition, by Corne-
lius a Lapide, of Ex. vii. 22.': "And the magicians
of Egypt did so with their enchantments," &c.

" See here," he says, " how the devil contends with
God, the magicians with the prophets, and heretics
witli the orthodox, by imitating their words and deeds.
In our days, as the English Martyrology testifies,
Richard White (Vitus) disputed with a wicked En-
glish Calvinist, who was more mighty in drinking than
in argument, concerning the keys of the Church, and
when the heretic pertinaciously asserted that they were
given to himself, White wittily and ingeniously re-
plied : ' I believe that they have been given to you as
they were to Peter, but with this distinction, that his
were the keys of heaven, but yours of the beer-cellar ;

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

513

for this the rubicund promontory of your nose indicates.'
Thus do heretics turn water into blood. This is their
miracle."

Richard White I presume to have been an
ejected Fellow of New College, Oxford, after-
wards rector of the University of Douai, and a
Count Palatine of the empire, author of sundry
antiquarian and theological works; but it is surely
strange that this piece of ribaldry, of which he
had been guilty, should be thought worthy of
being recorded ; and still more so, that it should
be thus applied by a grave and learned Jesuit
commentator. C. W. B.

&linov $atc£.

Inscription. — The following quaint inscription
is to be found on a gravestone in the churchyard
of Llangollen, North Wales :

" Our life is but a winter's day :
Some only breakfast and away ;
Others to dinner stay, and are full fed ;
The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed.
Large is the debt who lingers out the day ;
Who goes the soonest has the least to pay."

J. R. G.

Dublin.

Antiquarian Documenti. — At a time when
public records and state papers are being thrown
open by the Government in so liberal a spirit,
might not some plan be devised for admitting the
public to the Church's antiquarian documents also,
treasured in the various chapter-houses, diocesan
registries, and cathedral libraries ?

Might not catalogues of these be printed, as
well as the more historically valuable and curious
of the papers themselves? And is there any
sufficient reason why the earlier portions of the
parochial registers throughout the country might
not be published, say down to the commencement
of the present century, prior to which they appear
to have no other value except for literary pur-
poses? J. Sansom.

Bishop Watson's Map of Europe in 1854. —
The following paragraph is an extract from a
letter written by Bishop Watson to Dr. Falconer
of Bath, in the year 1804 :

" The death of a single prince in any part of Europe,
remarkable either for wisdom or folly, renders political
conjectures of future contingencies so extremely uncer-
tain, that I seldom indulge myself in forming them ;
yet it seems to me probable, that Europe will soon be
divided among three powers, France, Austria, and
Russia ; and in half a century between two, France
and Russia ; and that America will become the greatest
naval power on the globe, and be replenished by mi-
grations of oppressed and discontented people from
every part of Europe." — See Anecdotes of the Life of

Richard Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, 2 vols. 8vo., London,
1818, vol. ii. p. 196.

C. Forbes.
Temple.

Extracts from the Registers of the Bishops of
Lincoln. — In searching through the registers of
the bishops of Lincoln, the following curious en-
tries met my eye :

"Smoke-farthings. — Commissio domini episcopi ad
levandum le Smoke farthinges, alias diet. Lincoln far-
thingesanostris Archidiaconatus nostri Leycestrias sub-
ditis ad utilitatem nostra; matricis ecclesias Cath. Line,
sponsa; nostra; convertend., dicti Smoke farthinges con-
ceduntur ad constructionem campanili ecclesias pre-
bendalis Sanctas Margarets Leycestr. 1444."

The above entry occurs at fo. 48. of the register
of William Alnewick, Bishop of Lincoln.

"A* 1450. Testamentum domini Thomce Cumberworth,
militis. — In the name of Gode and to his loveyng,
Amen. I, Thomas Cumbyrworth, knyght, the xv day
of Feberer, the yere of oure Lord m'cccc and l. in
clere mynde and hele of body, blyssed be Gode, ordan
my last wyll on this wyse folowyng. Furst, I gyff my
sawle to God, my Lorde and my Redemptur, and my
wrechid body to be beryd in a chifFe w'owte any kyste
in the northyle of the parych kirke of Someretby
be my wyfe, and I wyll my body ly still, my mowth
opyn, untild xxiiij owrys, and after laid on here w'owtyn
any thyng yropon to coverit bot a sheit and a blak
cloth, w* a white crose of cloth of golde, bot I wyl my
kyste be made and stande by, and at my bereall giff it
to hym that fillis my grave ; also I gif my blissid Lord
God for my mortuary there I am bered my best hors."

This entry occurs at fo. 43. of the register of
Marmaduke Lumley, Bishop of Lincoln. Z.

Marston and Erasmus. — I am not aware the
following similarity of idea, between a passage in
Marston's Antonio and Mellida and one in Eras-
mus' Colloquies, has ever been pointed out :

" .... As having clasp'd a rose
Within my palm, the rose being ta'en away,
My hand retains a little breath of sweet.
So may man's trunk, his spirit slipp'd away,
Hold still a faint perfume of his sweet guest."
Antonio and Mellida, Act IV. Sc. 1. From
the reprint in the Ancient British Drama.

" Anima quae moderatur utrunque corpus animantis,
improprie dicitur anima cum revera sint tenues quaj-
dam anima; reliquia?, non aliter quam odor rosarum
manet in manu, etiam rosa submota." — Erasmi Colloq.,
Ley den edit. 1703, vol. i. p. 694.

H. F. S.

Cambridge.

Puzzle for the Heralds. — Some years ago Sir
John Newport, Bart., and who was married, and Sir
Simon Newport, who had received the honour of
knighthood, and was also married, lived in or

Si'

NOTES AND QUERIES,

near the city of Waterford ; and I have heard that
owing to the frequent mistakes arising from the
two ladies being called each " Lady Newport," a
case was sent to Dublin for the opinion of the
Ulster King of arms. It is said he himself was
puzzled ; Sir Simon's lady was not " Lady New-
port," for Sir John's lady had a prior and higher
claim ; she was not " Lady Simon," for her hus-
band was not Lord Simon ; but he ultimately de-
cided that the lady was to be called " Lady Sir
Simon," and she was never afterwards known by
any other title. Y. S. M.

Gttterfef.

SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.

As recumbent effigies are in vogue, there are
some points connected herewith worthy of dis-
cussion at the present time in your pages. The
ultra-admirers of the mediaeval monuments will not
allow the slightest deviation from what they re-
gard as the prescriptive model — a figure with the
head straight, and the hands raised in prayer.
One of their arguments is, that the ancient effigy
is alive, while the modern modifications are in a
state of death, and consequently repulsive to the
feelings of the spectator. In my opinion, how-
ever, the vitality of the old ones is very question-
able. Let us reflect upon their probable origin.
In former times the bodies of ecclesiastics and
other personages were laid in state, exposed to
public view, and even carried into the churches in
that condition : a custom still prevalent abroad.
It is reasonable to conjecture that the monuments
intended to perpetuate this scene in stone, imi-
tating the form of the deceased, with the canopy
and bier, and adorned with armorial bearings and
other appropriate devices. Images of wax were
frequently substituted for the corpse, some of
which (among them Queen Elizabeth's) are still
preserved in Westminster Abbey ; but the prac-
tice was kept up even down to the time of the
great Duke of Marlborough. It is recorded in
history, that during the progress of the body of
our Henry V. from France, a figure of the king,
composed of boiled leather, was placed upon the
coffin. York Cathedral contains a beautiful ex-
ample of a complete monument of this description
in the Early English style, which degenerated by
degrees into the four-post bed, with its affection-
ate couple, of the Elizabethan period. It is ob-
viously a fair deduction, from these circum-
stances, that the sepulchral effigies are "hearsed
in death."

From Mr. Ruskin's Stones of Venice, it appears
that the figures on the Venetian tombs of the
Middle Ages are manifestly dead; and such, it
may be inferred, is the impression conveyed to his

highly cultivated mind by the contemplation of
those in our own country.

" In the most elaborate examples," says this ob-
servant writer, " the canopy is surmounted by a statue,
generally small, representing the dead person in the
full strength and pride of life, while the recumbent
figure shows him as he lay in death. And at this
point the perfect type of the Gothic tomb is reached."

Describing one at Verona, of the fourteenth
century, he observes :

" The principal aim of the monument is to direct the
thoughts to his image as he lies in death, and to the
expression of his hope of resurrection."

And towards the conclusion of his review of their
development he writes :

" This statue in the meantime has been gradually
coming back to life through a curious series of transi-
tions. The Vendramin monument is one of the last
which shows, or pretends to show, the recumbent
figure laid in death. A few years later this idea be-
came disagreeable to polite minds ; and lo ! the figures
which before had been laid at rest upon the tomb
pillow, raised themselves on their elbows, and began
to look around them. The soul of the sixteenth
century dared not contemplate its body in death."

Flaxman, in his remarks on the monuments of
Aylmer de Valence and Edmund Crouchback in
Westminster Abbey, admires

" The solemn repose of the principal figure, represent-
ing the deceased in his last prayer for mercy to the
throne of grace, the delicacy of thought in the group
of angels bearing the soul, and the tender sentiment of
concern variously expressed in the relations ranged in
order round the basement."

As, however, a canopy on the former exhibits a
living figure of the departed on horseback, such
as Mr. Ruskin notices in Italy, and as the angels
are said to bear the soul, the knight must cer-
tainly have breathed his last. The raised hands
are no refutation of the argument, since there are
grounds for the assertion that those of the dead
bodies laid in state were sometimes tied together
to retain them in the suitable position. A few
exceptional instances, no doubt, occur of vari-
ations in the attitude irreconcileable with death,
and equally inconsistent with a reclining posture.
It must also be admitted that in brasses and in-
cised slabs (which may be regarded in many re-
spects as parallel memorials), the eyes are almost
invariably unclosed ; yet the fact, neither in this
case nor in that of the carved marble, does not by
any means certify that the individuals are alive.

Since then there is so much reason for the sup-
position that the generality of our ancestors are
sculptured in the sleep of death, the recumbent
figure of a Christian clasping the Bible, and
slightly turning his head, just passed away into
another state of existence (not into purgatory,

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

515

but into a happier world), cannot surely be now
deemed unsuitable to a Gothic church. C. T.

QUERIES OX SOUTH S SERMONS.

I should be glad to know the authority for the
following statement in South's sermon, Against
long Extempore Prayers, vol. i. p. 251., Tegg's
edition, 1843 :

" These two things are certain, and I do particularly
recommend them to your observation : One, that this
way of praying by the Spirit, as they call it, was begun,
and first brought into use here in England, in Queen
Elizabeth's days, by a Popish priest and Dominican
friar, one Faithful Commin by name. Who, counter-
feiting himself a Protestant, and a zealot of the highest
form, set up this new spiritual way of praying, with a
design to bring the people first to a contempt, and from
thence to an utter hatred and disuse of our Common
Prayer; which he still reviled as only a translation of
the mass, thereby to distract men's iniiids, and to divide
our Church. And this he did with such success, that
we have lived to see the effects of his labours in the
utter subversion of Church and State ; which hellish
negociation, when this malicious hypocrite came to
Rome to give the Pope an account of, he received of
him, as so notable a service well deserved, besides a
thousand thanks, two thousand ducats for his pains."

Also, who was W. W., the author of " a viru-
lent and insulting pamphlet, entitled, A Letter to
a Member of Parliament, printed in the year 1697,
and as like the author himself, W. W., as malice
can make it," referred to in a note by South at
the end of his sermon on The Recompence of the
Reward, vol. ii. p. 152. Is this pamphlet still in
■existence ? W. H. Gunner.

Winchester.

ffiinat «aucrictf.

Norwich, Kirkpatrick Collection of MSS. for the
History of. — Mr. Simon Wilkin, in the preface to
the Repertorium, contained in his fourth volume
of his valuable edition of the works of Sir Thomas
Browne, p. 4., having spoken of the large collections
for the History of Norwich made by Mr. John
Kirkpatrick, who died in 1728, and gave the said
collections by will to the mayor, sheriffs, citizens,
and commonalty of the city of Norwich, in order
that "some citizen hereafter, being a skilful anti-
quary, may, from the same, have an opportunity
of completing and publishing the said history,"
&c, goes on to say, "the MSS. referred to were
some years ago in the possession of the corporation,
but we fear the original intention of the donor has
been lost sight of, and that these valuable MSS.
are for ever lost to the lover of local antiquities."
This was printed in 1835. But the subject ought
not to be permitted to drop and rest there. Up to

that date, can it be ascertained that the papers re-
mained in the keeping of the Corporation ? Are
they still in their hands, though inaccessible ? Can
any information be obtained as to the ivhen and the
how they passed out of their possession ? Or, above
all, can any clue be found to their subsequent
history and present resting-place ? It may be
suggested to any patriotic citizen and antiquary
of the fair city of Norwich, that, inasmuch as the
Corporation, by the terms of the will, are only
trustees for the property, the Court of Chancery
might be moved to assist in the recovery thereof.

T. A. T.

Florence, March, 1854.

Corbet. — Can any of your readers furnish in-
formation relative to the Scottish family of Corbet,
one member of whom emigrated to America,
about the year 1 705, from the neighbourhood of
Dumfries? Corbie.

Philadelphia.

Initials in Glass Quarries. — In St. Clement's
Church, Norwich, are some diamond-shaped panes
of glass, or quarries, containing initial letters, &c.

1. The letters I. V. beneath a mitre. (Glass
probably about a.d. 1600.) Do these belong to
any Bishop of Norwich ?

2. A. A. 3. A. I. Glass and style probably
give 1500 — 1550 for the date.

At St. Neots' parish church, Huntingdonshire,
the initials W. and M. interlaced, G., and C,
occur on several quarries.

At Puttenham, Hertfordshire, is a broken quarry
bearing a shield, charged with a ship in full sail ;
on a chief, the arms of King's Coll. Cambridge.
The living belongs to that college, I believe.

Can any of your correspondents assist in assign-
ing these initials and arms to their respective
owners ? The date of the glass in the two last-
named cases is probably the end of the seventeenth
century. G. R. York.

Church Service : Preliminary Texts. — Among
the texts with which the Church of England
Service commences, is one with two references ;
the former of these is the correct index to the
words, the latter points to a kindred text. At
Jer. x. 24. we find the passage ; then why is
Ps. vi. 1. added, no parallel text being indicated
to any of the other ten ? Has this always so
stood ? W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

The Spinning-machine of the Ancients. • — Can
any of your readers give a satisfactory explanation
of the difficult passage which occurs at the end of
Catullus' Epithalamium, containing the description
of the spinning-wheel of the Fates ? As this has
been such a perplexing subject hitherto to com-
mentators, a solution of the terms there employed,

516

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

illustrated by a plan of the machine, would doubt-
less be a boon to many who have unsuccessfully
tried to understand it. $i\o//a&7js.

View of Dumfries. — I have a modern litho-
graphed view of the town of Dumfries, said to
have been taken from an old engraving in some
printed book. It represents a small chapel (the
Crystal Chapel) on a height in the foreground,
and the walls of the town and the old church be-
hind. I have in vain sought for the original, and
have almost come to the conclusion that the
drawing is a forgery. Can any of your readers
who have access to the Bodleian, inform me whe-
ther anything of the kind is to be found in Gough's
Topographical Collections, which are there de-
posited ? Balivus.

Edinburgh.

" To pass the pikes." — What is the origin of
this phrase ? G. Taylor.

May-day Custom. — Can any of your correspond-
ents inform me of the origin of a singular custom
which prevails in Huntingdonshire on May 1, viz.
that of suspending from a rope, which is hung
across the road in every village, a doll with pieces
of gay-coloured silk and ribbon, and no matter
what, attached to it; candlesticks and snuffers,
spoons and forks, being parts of those I saw the
other day in Summersham, St. Ives, and several
other places. Henrietta M. Cole.

3. Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park.

Mayderiburi. — The seal with which I close my
letter was purchased some years ago on the west
coast of Wales. It is engraved on brass ; the
upper part being much beaten down, as if struck
with a hammer when used, but the face is perfect.
The legend is, "s. ionis. de maydenbvri:" but
being engraved in the usual direction, it reads on
the impression from right to left. The "s." may be
read either as " sanctus" or " sigillum." The
figure is that of St. Christopher, bearing Christ
across a running stream.

I have not been able to discover the locality
of Maydenburi, and therefore my questions to
such of your readers as are more skilled in me-
diaeval lore than myself, are, Where is this place
situated, and what was its previous destination,
monastic or otherwise ? and who was the original
proprietor of the seal ? H. E. S.

Tewkesbury.

Richard Fitz-Alan, ninth Earl of Arundel. —
Can any one tell me why Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl
of Arundel and Surrey, who married Eleanora,
daughter of Henry Plantagenet, Earl of Lan-
caster, relict of Henry Lord Beaumont, received
the sobriquet of " Richard with the Copped Hat ? "

H. M.

French Refugees. — During the time of the
French Revolution, 1789 — 1800, many families
emigrated to England, and received shelter and
support at an hospital then situate in Spital Fields.
I should feel obliged for any information relating
to the books or registers of that hospital wherein
would be found the names of the emigrants, and
also whether there is any publication relating to
them. J. F. F.

Dublin.

" Dilamgabendi." — What is the precise mean-
ing of the word Dilamgabendi ; is it of ancient
British origin, or to what language does it belong?

A Traveller.

Mr. Plumley. — In the Literary Intelligencer for
March, 1822, No. 131., in an article entitled
" Extremes Meet," it is said :

" Mr. Plumley concludes one of his tragedies with a
dying speech and an execution. And gives an appen-
dix of references to the passages of Scripture quoted
in his plays."

Who was Mr. Plumley, and what did he write ?
I cannot find any book to which the above pas-
sage can refer in the British Museum. C. L^

Designation of Works under Revieiv. — I shall be
much indebted to the Editor of " N. & Q.," or to
any of his correspondents, if he or they will inform
me of the designation under which the works,
whose names stand at the head of a review, should
be technically referred to by the reviewer.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

North-west Passage. — In 1612, Captain Thomas
Button made a voyage to discover the north-west
passage, and was afterwards knighted by King
James. Can any of your readers refer me to a
pedigree, or other particulars, of Sir Thomas
Button's family ? They appear to have been seated
at DufFryn, in Glamorganshire, as early as the
fourteenth or fifteenth century. Sir Thomas/
daughter Ann married General Rowland Lang-
harne, of St. Bride's, Pembrokeshire, a noted cha-
racter in the civil war. Notary.

Fountains. — Will some kind reader obligingly
state the names of any works that give represent-
ations or descriptions of foreign fountains ?

Aquarius-

Pope and John Dennis. — What is the authority
for the universal assumption that Pope wrote The
Nari-ative of Dr. Robert Norrisf It is said, in the
notes to the Dunciad, to have been published in
Swift and Pope's Miscellanies, vol. iii. This does
not prove that Pope wrote it. Farther, it is not

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

517

in the third volume of the Miscellanies as repub-
lished in 1731. What are the facts ? P. J. D.

Minav &uttie& un'tf) gntftcerS.

The Irish at the Battle of Crecy — I should feel
obliged if any of your readers could inform me
where the authority is for the Irish at the battle
of Crecy having been the first to come to close
fight with the French, and doing, " after the
manner of their own countrie," effective service
with their skenes or long knives. M. P.

[There is the best authority for this assertion, even
that of the veritable Holinshed, who quotes from
Froissart, the cotemporary of our victorious Edward.
" The armie which he (Edward) had over with him,
was to the number of 4000 men of armes, and 10,000
archers, besides Irishmen and Welshmen that followed
the host on foot." • The French historian also informs
ns, that the skene or knife was the chief weapon used
by the Irish in .that age : " The Irish have pointed
knives with broad blades, sharp on both sides, like a
dart-head, with which they kill their enemies," &c.
Johnes's Translation, vol. iv. p. 428. : see also Grafton's
Chronicle, p. 261. ; and Keightley's History of Eng-
land, vol. i. p. 279.]

King of the Isle of Wight. — I was not aware
that the Isle of Wight, like the Isle of Man, had
once been a kingdom. It seems that Henry de
Beauchamp, Earl and Duke of Warwick, was
crowned, circa 1445, King of the Isle of Wight.
Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able
to throw some light on this matter. E. H. A.

[Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, son of
Richard Earl of Warwick, was crowned King of the
Isle of Wight by patent 24 Henry VI., King Henry
in person assisting at the ceremonial, and placing the
crown on his head. Leland (Itiner., vol. vi. p. 91.) says,
-" Henricus Comes de Warwike ab Henrico VI. cui
carissimus erat, coronatus in regem de Wighte, et postea
nominatus primus comes totius Angliae." Leland takes
this ex Libello de Antiquitate Theoksibriensis Monasterii,
in the church of which house this Duke of Warwick
was buried. But little notice has been taken of this
singular event by our historians, and, except for some
other collateral evidence, the authenticity of it might
be doubted ; but the representation of this duke with
an imperial crown on his head and a sceptre before him,
in an ancient window of the collegiate church at War-
wick, leaves no doubt that such an event did take
place. (See Worsley's Hist, of the Isle of Wight for a
plate copied from an accurate drawing of the king. )
This honourable mark of the royal favour, however,
conveyed no regal authority, the king having no power
to transfer the sovereignty of any part of his dominions,
as is observed by Lord Coke in his Institutes, where
this transaction is discussed ; and there is reason to
conclude that, though titular king, he did not even
possess the lordship of the island, no surrender appear-
ing from Duke Humphrey, who was then living, and
had a grant for the term of his life. Mr. Selden too,

in his Titles of Honour, p. 29., treating of the title of
the King of Man, observes that " it was like that of
King of the Isle of Wight, in the great Beauchamp,
Duke of Warwick, who was crowned king under
Henry VI." Henry Beauchamp was also crowned
King of Guernsey and Jersey. He died soon after
these honours had been conferred on him, June 11,
1445, when the regal title expired with him, and the
lordship of the island, at the death of the Duke of
Gloucester, reverted to the crown.]

Theodore de la Guard. — I have a tract by him
with the title of The simple Cobler of Aggawam,
in America, London, 1647. Who was he ? and
where can I find any account of him or his work ?

Cpl.

[The Rev. Nathaniel Ward was the author of this
work. He was born at Haverhill in Essex, of which
place his father was a clergyman ; and after studying
at Cambridge, became minister of Standon in Herts ;
but was cited before the bishop, Dec. 12, 1631, to
answer for his nonconformity. Being forbidden to
preach, he embarked for America in April, 1634, and
settled as pastor of the church at Ipswich, or Aggawam.
He returned to England in 1646, and on June 30,
1647, preached before the House of Commons, and
the same year published The Simple Cobler. He was
afterwards settled at Shenfield, near Brentwood, where
he died in 1653, in his eighty-third year. Fuller, in
his Worthies, co. Suffolk, speaking of him, says, that he,
" following the counsel of the poet,

' Ridentem dicerc verum,
Quis vetat?'
4 What doth forbid that one maj smile,
And also tell the truth the while ? '

hath in a jesting way, in some of his books, delivered
much smart truth of the present times." Dr. Mather,
in his Magnolia, remarks of him, that " he was the
author of many composures full of wit and sense ;
among which that entitled The Simple Cobler (which
demonstrated him to be a subtil statesman) was most
considered." This work passed through several edi-
tions in England in 1647. It was reprinted in Boston
in 1713. The best edition, containing the author's
subsequent additions, is that edited by David Pulsifer,
Boston, 1843.]

Bach. — What is the meaning and derivation
of " Back," as applied to several localities in Bris-
tol, as, for instance, The Back, Welsh Back, Tem-
ple Back, St. Augustine's Back, St. James' Back,
Redeliffe Back ? Many of them are not on the
river, or I should have imagined it a corruption
of the word bank. Malcolm Eraser.

Clifton.

[Barrett, in his History of Bristol, p. 72., gives a
clue to the origin of this local name : " Before the
quay was made the usual place, as Leland says, for
landing goods out of the ships was at the Back (or
Bee, a Saxon word for a river), where was the old
Custom-house. The quay being completed, and the
marsh of Bristol thereby effectually divided from that

518

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No, 240.

of St. Augustine, houses and streets began to be built
there; Marsh Street terminated with a chapel, dedi-
cated to St. Clement, and a gate; and Back Street,
with a gate also, and a chapel near it, dedicated to
St. John, and belonging to St. Nicholas ; the church
of St. Stephen and its dependent parish, and the build-
ings between the Back and the quay, seem to have
taken their rise at this period, and were all enclosed
with a strong embattled wall, externa or secunda mcenia
urbis, extending from the quay to the Back, where
King Street has since been built."]

Broom at Mast-head. — Whence did the custom
originate of a broom being fastened to the mast-
head of boats and small craft, to indicate their
being for sale ? J» *• G-.

Dublin.

[It originated from the old custom of putting up
boughs upon anything which was intended for sale ;
and " this is the reason," says Brande, " why an old
besom (which is a sort of dried bush) is put up at
the top-mast-head of a ship or boat when she is to be
sold."]

THE ADVICE SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN GIVEN TO
JULIUS III.

(Vol. viii., p. 54. ; Vol. ix. passim.)

Your correspondent Novus has very judiciously
warned controversialists on the use of a document
as emanating from the papal court, which, to
every one who reads it through (if a shorter exa-
mination will not be satisfactory), must carry
evidence of its not being papal authority, but
intended as a satire ron Rome. A writer in
the Christian Remembrancer, vol. xii., attaches
undue importance to the signatures, in the ab-
sence of which, he admits, " we should conclude
that this was the production of some enemy in
disguise."

In a 4to. volume of Tracts now before me is a
copy of the genuine document —

" Consilium delectorum cardinalium et aliorum
praelatorum, de emendanda ecclesia. S. D. N. Papa
Paulo III. ipso jubente conscriptum et exhibitum
anno 1538 ;"

two copies of the supposititious

"Consilium quorundam episcoporum Bononiae con-
gregatorum quod de ratione stabiliendae Romanae ec-
clesiaj Julio III. Pont. Max. datum est. Quo artes
et astutia? Romanensium et arcana imperii papalis
non pauca propalantur. Ex bibliotheca W. Crashauii.
Londini, 1613;"

and several other tracts, so rare that an enumer-
ation of them, and a few extracts, will perhaps be

acceptable to many of the readers of " 1ST. & Q."
Fourth in order :

" Marcus Antonius de Dominis archiepiscopus Spa-
latensis, sua? profectionis consilium exponit. Londini,
1616."

" Bellum Papale, sive concordia discors Sixti Quinti
et dementis Octavi, circa Hieronymianam editionem,
etc. Auctore Thoma Jamesio. Londini, 1600."

" [Ejusdem] Bellum Gregorianum, sive corrup-
tion'^ Romanoe in operibus D. Gregorii M. jussu
pontificum Rom. recognitis atque editis, etc. Oxoniae,
1610."

" Supima actorum Facultatis Theologiae Parisiensis
contra librum inscriptum, Controversia Anglicana de
potestate regis et pontificis, etc. Auctore Martino Be-
cano. Londini, 1613."

" Antitortobellarminus, sive refutatio calumniarum,
mendaciorum, et imposturarum laico-cardinalis Bellar-
mini, contra jura omnium regum et sinceram illiba-
tamque famam Serenissimi, potentissimi piissimique

Principis Jacobi fidei catholicae defensoris et

propugnatoris : per Joan. Gordonium. Londini, 1610."'

" Tu super hoc cepha fingis Christum ore loquutum
Fundamen caulae nidificabo meas :
Vernac'lo at Christus Solymis sermone loquutus,

Separat articulis mascula fcemineis ;
Petre, ait, hie cepha es, sanctae fundamina caulae,
Et super hac cepha ponere dico meae :

Quod tu sic audes Christi pervertere verba
Et pro fcemineo subdere masculeum,

Nil mirum ; Papis solenne est cardineisque
Sic pro fcemineo subdere masculeum."

" Epilogus ad quatuor colloquia D"1 Dris Wrighti pro
mala fide habita ; et a Jacobo Nixon non bona fide
relata; et Guilielmo Stanleio nullius fidei perduelli
dicata : pro amico et gentili suo Dno Thoma Roe equite
editus. Authore Guilielmo Roe. Londini, 1615."

" Dn0 Dri Wright Anglo, malae causae client! : et
Jacobo Nixon Hiberno, advocato pejori : et Guilielmo
Stanleio, patrono pessimo ; religionis et patriae hosti-
bus : poenam seram et pcenitentiam seriam Guilielmus
Roe exoptat."

This is the opening of the epilogus Colloquii Spa-
dani, a copy of which rare tract is in the exten-
sive collection of the President of the Chetham
Society. The epilogue contains an unmeasured
invective against these three "vassal slaves of
servile Rome."* Wright's panegyric on Stanley
is thus introduced and distorted :

" Egregia facinora tua vidit Hihernia, experta est
Hollandia, agnoscit Hispania, praedicat Gallia, fatetur
Flandria, neque potest negare Anglia. Ergo curn.
bona frontis tuae serenitate sustiuebis, si elogii tui
vocem ad assensum nostrum repercussam, instar Ec-
chus remittamus, et Stanleium hominem egregie faci-
norosum dixerimus, quod in Hispanis consilio suo
immissis vidit Hibernia, in Daventria? proditione ex-

* " Valete tria animalia Religionis serva;, et in ser-
vitutem nata."

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

519

perta est Hollandia, in stipendio proditioni imputato
agnoscit Hispania, in pluribus locis frustra et cum
ignominia tentatis praedicat Gallia, et nullam illi pras-
fecturam unquam integre credendo fatetur Flandria,
neque post tot in patriam suam molitiones, et praa-
sertim expeditionem quam ad fragorem pulverarias
conjurationis in nos habiturus erat, negare potest
Anglia."

" Eadgarus in Jacobo redivivus : seu pietatis Angli-
canas defensio. Ab Adamo Reuter. Londini, 1614."

" [Ejusdem] Libertatis Anglicanae defensio seu de-
monstratio: regnum Angliaenon esse feudum pontificis:
in nobilissima et antiquissima Oxoniensi academia,
publice apposita Martino Becano. Londini, 1613."

" [Ejusdem] Oratio : quam Papam esse Bestiam
quae non est et tamen est, apud Johan. Apoc. xvii. 8.
in fine probantem .... recitavit Adam Reuter. Lon-
dini, 1610."

" [Ejusdem] Contra conspiratorum consilia orationes
duae. Habitae .... 5° Aug. et 5° Nov., anno 1611,
diebus regiaj liberationis a conspiratione Govvrie, et
tormentaria. Londini, 1612."

" Ejusdem, Delineatio consilii brevissima : quam
societati mercatorum Belgarum Londini florentiss.
commorantium consecrat A.R. Londini, 1614."

" Uovrjais Xpiaro^ofiov tov AyyeXov, etc. At Oxford,
1617."

" [The same]. Christopher Angell, who tasted of
many stripes and torments, inflicted by the Turkes for
the faith which he had in Christ Jesus. At Oxford,
1617."

" [Ejusdem] Labor C. A. Graeci. De apostasia
ecclesiae, et de homine peccati scilicet Antichristo, etc.
Gr. et Lat. Londini, 1624."*

" Expositio mysteriorum misse et verus modus rite
celebrandi. A Guilhelmo de Gouda. Daventrie,
1504."

Had I not already occupied so much space,
I should have added an extract from Angell's
Epistle in commendation of England and the Inha-
bitants thereof. He begins thus :

" O faire like man, thou most fertill and pleasant
countrie of England, which art the head of the world,
indued with those two faire eies, the two Universities."

BlBLlOTHECAR. ChETHAM.

Had your correspondent Novus, in his first
communication, specified by name the Consilium
Quorundam Episcoporum as the document whose
fictitious character he desired to notify, I should
not have been betrayed into my supererogatory
vindication of the Consilium Delectorum Cardina-
lium; the latter piece having lately been much
before me, and its very extraordinary frankness
in acknowledging the existence of the gravest
abuses, of which the Reformers complained, giving
it so much the air of satirical fiction. The use of

* In the Bibliotheca GrenviUiana the tract De Apo-
stasia is not included, although the compilers say, " The
present is a complete Collection of his Tracts, including
the folding sheet."

the other document, moreover, being chiefly in
the hands of a class of writers I am happy in not
being able to boast a very extensive acquaintance
with, recent anti-papal controversialists, I cer-
tainly did think that Novus had impugned the
authenticity of the genuine Consilium.

R. G. is mistaken in supposing that I thought
there were nine Cardinals in the committee which
drew up the genuine Consilium, as the full title
of this piece will show : — Consilium novem Delec-
torum Cardinalium et aliorum Pradatorum, de
emendanda Ecclesia. B. B. Woodward.

Bungay, Suffolk.

LORD KOSEHILL.

(Vol. ix., p. 422.)

Something more than a partiality for the novelist
takes me now and then to the scene of the anti-
quary— Aberbrothock, or Arbroath. On one
occasion, in company with a few friends, we made
a day of it in a ramble along the romantic eastern
coast of that burgh, and the scene of the perilous
incident related of Sir Arthur Lekiss Wardour,
when rescued from the incoming tide by being
drawn up the face of the precipitous cliff by the
doughty Mucklebacket, under the superintendence
of Oldbuck and young Lovel. The fresh breeze
from the German Ocean, and the excitement of the
occasion, imparted a keen relish for the locality
and its associations ; and by the time we reached
the hostelry of Mrs. Walker, at Auchmithie, a no
less sharp appreciation of the piscatorial spread
we had the foresight to bespeak the previous day.
Ushered into Lucky Walker's best dining-room,
our attention was immediately drawn to an aristo-
cratic emblazonment of arms which occupied one
entire side of the room, with a ribbon, artistically
disposed over the same, upon which was inscribed
Lord Rosehill, who was, we were informed, the
eldest son of the Earl of Northesk (Carnegie), a
great proprietor in that neighbourhood, and the
special patron of our hostess and her establish-
ment.

With respect to the particular Lord Rosehill,
alluded to by your correspondent W. D. R., I
beg to offer him the following brief notice from
Douglas' Peerage, by Wood, Edin. 1813 :

" David L. Rosehill (son of Geo. 6th E. of Northesk)
was born at Edin., 5th April, 1749 ; had an Ensign's
commission in the 26th Reg. Foot in 1765; quitted
the army 1767, and went to America. He married in
Maryland, in Aug. 1768, Miss Mary Cheer, and died
without issue at Rouen, in Normandy, 19 Feb. 1788,
aet. 39."

From a dear old lady, whom I always find a mine
of Forfarshire anecdote of the last century, I ob-
tain some corroborative proof that the said David

520

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

Lord Rosehill was the eccentric character we might
■infer from the above, in the assurance that he was
•" a ne'er do weel, and ran away with the tincklers
(£. e. gypsies) in early life."

If I may farther travel out of the record, allow
me here to recommend to such of your readers as
meditate the northern tour this summer, to diverge
a little from the beaten track, and visit the neigh-
bourhood above alluded to ; your antiquarian
friends, especially, will be delighted with that fine
-old ruin, the Abbey of Aberbrothock, now that it is
brushed up and fit to receive visitors. The worthy
Mr. Peter, in charge, has some curious relics ac-
quired at the last diggins, and possesses a fragment
of a black-letter Chronicle to satisfy the incre-
dulous that in identifying the objects exhibited,
he has his warrant in Hector Boece. The man of
progress, too, will find in Fairport, or Arbroath, a
hive of industry ; but, I regret to add, threatened
with a check by this closing of the Baltic trade,
which is, if I may say so, both woof and warp in
"the prosperity of this and other towns on the east
coast of Scotland. And lastly, the lovers of ocean,
rocks, and caves, will be not less interested with
the environs, and I doubt not all would leave it
exclaiming with Johnson, that if they had seen no
more of old Scotia than Aberbrothock, they would
not have regretted their journey. J. O.

MAJOR ANDRE.

(Vol. ix., p. 111.)

On the 13th of January, 1817, Mr. Chappell
made a report unfavourable to the petition of
John Paulding (one of the citizens who captured
Major Andre), who prays for an increase of the
pension allowed to him by the government in con-
sequence of that service. On the question to re-
verse this report, an interesting debate followed.

We copy the following from the National In-
telligencer, January 14, 1817 :

" What gave interest principally to the debate, was
the disclosure by Mr. Tallmadge of Connecticut (an
officer at the time, and commanding the advance guard
when Major Andre was brought in) of his view of the
merit of this transaction, with which history and the
records of the country have made every man familiar.
The value of the service he did not deny ; but on the
authority of the declaration of Major Andre (made
while in the custody of Colonel Tallmadge), he gave it
as his opinion that, if Major Andre could have given
to these men the amount they demanded for his re-
lease, he never would have been hung as a spy, nor in
captivity on that occasion. Mr. T.'s statement was
minutely circumstantial, and given with expressions of
his individual confidence in its correctness. Among
other circumstances he stated, that when Major Andre's
boots were taken ofF by them, it was to search for
plunder, and not to detect treason. These persons,

indeed, he said, were of that class of people who passed
between both armies, as often in one camp as the
other, and whom, he said, if he had met with them,
he should probably as soon have apprehended as
Major Andre, as he had always made it a rule to do
with these suspicious persons. The conclusion to be
drawn from the whole of Mr. Tallmadge's statement,
of which this is a brief abstract, was, that these persons
had brought in Major Andre only because they should
probably get more for his apprehension than for his
release."

The question on reversing the report was decided
in the negative : — Ayes, 53 ; Noes, 80 or 90.

It is proper to say that the question was decided
on the ground taken in the report, viz. on the in-
justice of legislating on a single case of pension,
whilst there were many survivors of the Revo-
lution whom the favour of the government had
not distinguished.

From The Gleaner, published at Wilkesbury,
Pennsylvania (copied into the National Intelli-
gencer of Washington, March 4, 1817) :

" The disclosure recently made by Colonel Tall-
madge in the House of Representatives, relative to the
capture of Major Andre, seems to have been received
in every instance with the confidence to which it was
certainly entitled. That gentleman related what he
saw and knew ; and those who are attempting to dis-
pute him, relate only what they had been informed of.
To those of our readers who may not have seen the
report of Colonel Tallmadge's remarks, it may be
proper to observe, that those three men who captured
Major Andre, applied to Congress for an increase of
pension settled on them by the government, and that
when this application was under consideration, Colonel
Tallmadge ("a member for Connecticut) rose and stated,
that having been the officer to whom the care of
Andre was entrusted, he had heard Andre declare that
those men robbed him, and upon his offer to reward
them for taking him to the British lines, he believes
they declined only from the impossibility of giving
them sufficient security, &c, and that it was not pa-
triotism but the hope of gain which induced them to
deliver him to the Americans. To this declaration of
Colonel Tallmadge, and in support of his opinion, we
are happy to have it in our power to offer the follow-
ing corroborating testimony.

" There is now living in this town a gentleman who
was an officer in the Massachusets line, and who was
particularly conversant in all the circumstances of that
transaction. It was this gentleman who, in company
with Captain Hughes, composed the special guard of
Andre's person, was with him during the last twenty-
four hours of his life, and supported him to the place
of execution. From him we have received the fol-
lowing particulars : it is needless to say we give them
our implicit belief, since to those who are acquainted
with the person to whom we allude, no other testimony
is ever necessary than his simple declaration.

" To this gentleman Andre himself related that he
was passing down a hill, at the foot of which, under a
tree, playing cards, were the three men who took him.

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

521

They were close by the road side, and he had ap-
proached very near them before either party discovered
the other ; upon seeing him they instantly rose and
seized their rifles. They approached him and de-
manded who he was ; he immediately answered that he
was a British officer, supposing, from their being so
near the British lines, that they belonged to that party.
They then seized him, robbed him of the few guineas
which he had with him, and the two watches which he
then wore, one of gold and the other of silver. He
offered to reward them if they would take him to New
York ; they hesitated, and in his (Andre's) opinion, the
reason why they did not do so, was the impossibility
on his part to secure to them the performance of the
promise.

" He informs also that it was an opinion too preva-
lent to admit of any doubt, that these men were of that
description of persons called ' cow boys, ' or those who,
without being considered as belonging to either party,
made it a business to pillage from both. He has fre-
quently heard this opinion expressed at that time by
several officers who were personally acquainted with
all these men, and who could not have been mistaken
in their general characters.

" Andre frequently spoke of the kindness of the
American officers, and particularly of the attention of
Major Tallmadge ; and on the way to the place of
execution sent for that officer to come near him, that
he might learn the manner in which he was to die."

Statement of Van Wart (from the National
Intelligencer of Feb. 25, 1817) :

" Isaac Van Wart, of the town of Mount Pleasant,
in the county of Westchester, being duly sworn, doth
depose and say, that he is one of the three persons who
arrested Major Andre during the American revolu-
tionary war, and conducted him to the American
camp. That he, this deponent, together with David
Williams and John Paulding, had secreted themselves
at the side of the highway, for the purpose of detecting
any person coming from, or having unlawful inter-
course with, the enemy, being between the two armies ;
a service not uncommon in those times. That this
deponent and his companions were armed with
muskets, and upon seeing Major Andre approach the
place where they were concealed, they rose and pre-
sented their muskets at him, and required him to stop,
which he did. He then asked them whether they be-
longed to his party, and then they asked him which
was his party ? to which he replied the lower party.
Upon which they, deeming a little stratagem under
such circumstances not only justifiable but necessary,
gave him to understand that they were of his party,
upon which he joyfully declared himself to be a
British officer, and told them that he had been out
upon very particular business. Having ascertained
thus much, this deponent and his companions unde-
ceived him as to their characters, declaring themselves
to be Americans, and that he must consider himself
their prisoner. Upon this, with seeming unconcern,
he said he had a pass from General Arnold, which he
exhibited, and then insisted on their permitting him to
proceed. But they told him that, as he had confessed

himself to be a British officer, they deemed it to be
their duty to convey him to the American camp ; and
then took him into a wood, a short distance from the
highway, in order to guard against being surprised by
parties of the enemy, who were frequently reconnoiter-
ing in that neighbourhood. That when they had him
in the wood they proceeded to search him, for the
purpose of ascertaining who and what he was, and
found inside of his stockings and boots, next to his
bare feet, papers which satisfied them he was a spy.
Major Andre now showed them his gold watch, and
remarked that it was evidence of his being a gentleman,
and also promised to make them any reward they
might name, if they would but permit him to proceed,
which they refused. He then told them that if they
doubted the fulfilment of his promise, they might con-
ceal him in some secret place, and keep him there
until they could send to New York and receive their
reward. And this deponent expressly declares, that
every offer made by Major Andre to them was
promptly and resolutely refused. And, for himself,
he solemnly declares that he had not, and he does
most sincerely believe that Paulding and Williams had
not, any intention of plundering their prisoner ; nor
did they confer with each other, or even hesitate
whether they should accept his promise, but, on the
contrary, they were, in the opinion of this deponent,
governed, like himself, by a deep interest in the cause
of the country, and a strong sense of duty. And this
deponent further says that he never visited the British
camp, nor does he believe or suspect that either Pauld-
ing or Williams ever did, except that Paulding was,
once before Andre's capture, and once afterwards,
made a prisoner by the British, as this deponent has
been informed and believes. And this deponent, for
himself, expressly denies that he ever held any unlaw-
ful traffic or any intercourse whatever with the enemy.
And, appealing solemnly to that omniscient Being, at
whose tribunal he must soon appear, he doth expressly
declare that all accusations, charging him therewith,
are utterly untrue. Isaac Van Wart.

" Sworn this 28th day of January, 1 81 7,
before Jacob RadclifF.

" We the subscribers, inhabitants of the county of
Westchester, do certify that during the revolutionary
war we were well acquainted with Isaac Van Wart,
David Williams, and John Paulding, who arrested
Major Andre ; and that at no time during the revo-
lutionary war was any suspicion ever entertained by
their neighbours or acquaintances, that they, or either
of them, held any undue intercourse with the enemy.
On the contrary, they were universally esteemed, and
taken to be ardent and faithful in the cause of the
country. We further certify that the said Paulding
and Williams are not now resident among us, but that
Isaac Van Wart is a respectable freeholder of the town
of Mount Pleasant, that we are all well acquainted
with him, and we do not hesitate to declare our belief
that there is not an individual in the county of West-
chester, acquainted with Isaac Van Wart, who would
hesitate to describe him as a man of a sober, moral,
industrious, and religious life, as a man whose integrity
is as unimpeachable as his veracity is undoubted. In

522

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

these respects no man in the
his superior.

Jonathan G. Tompkins,

aged 81 years.
Jacob Purdy, 77.
John Odell,"60.
John Boyce, 72.
J. Requa, 59.
William Paulding, 81.
John Requa, 54.
Archer Read, 64.

county of Westchester is

George Comb, 72.
Gilbert Dean, 70.
Jonathan Odell, 87.
Cornelius Van Tassel, 71.
Thomas Boyce, 71.
Tunis Lint, 71.
Jacobus Dyckman, 68.
William Hammond.
John Romer."

F.D.

The following works furnish much that is in-
teresting concerning Major Andre : —

An Authentic Narrative of the Causes which led
to the Death of Major Andre, by Joshua Hett
Smith, London, 1808. Printed for Matthews and
Leigh, 18. Strand.

The Plot of Arnold and Sir Henry Clinton
against the United States, and against General
Washington, Paris, 1816. Printed by Didot the
Elder.

Niles' Weekly Register for 1817, vol. ii. p. 386.
Printed at Baltimore. Anon.

THE TERMINATIONS " -BY AND " -NESS.

The linguistic origin of these descriptive syl-
lables, when found as suffixes to the names of
places, is a question of some interest to the anti-
quary and ethnologist ; and, as to the former of
them, has, on that account, fitly enough been made
the subject of occasional discussion in the pages
of " IT, & Q." The -by, as your pages evince
(Vol. vii., p. 536.), is implicitly relied upon by
Mr. Worsaae and his disciples, in support of the
Danish theory of that eminent northern scholar ;
and that too, as it appears, without any very
minute regard to the etymology and meaning of
the former syllabic divisions of proper names so
characterised. If only the designation of a locality
end with -by, evidence sufficient is given, that it
owes its paternity specially to the Danes alone,
of all the Scandinavian tribes who obtained a per-
manent footing on our shores. The same is the
case with respect to the termination -ness, and its
orthographic varieties. As with the Ashbys,
Newbys, and Kirbys of our several counties, so
(inter alia) with the Hackness of Yorkshire, the
Longness of Man, the Bowness of Westmoreland,
and the Foulness of Essex. All have the Danish
mark upon them; and all, therefore, possess a
Danish original, and bear witness of a Danish
location.

With regard to the -by, I have already, in these
pages, taken occasion to suggest a doubt whether,
in that particular instance, the Worsaaen theory
be not as fallacious as it is dogmatical. And,
adopting the same method with the -ness, I think

it will be evident, on examination of the following
list of almost identical forms of the expression,
that, as to this point also, no argument can be
founded upon it, one way or the other, beyond the
fact of its derivation from some of the Scandi-
navian tribes who, in the fifth and succeeding
centuries, established themselves on our shores :
if, indeed, I do not, even with this enlarged ex-
tension, assign to the presence of the term in our
topography a too restricted application.

I have a list now before me of 521 places with
this suffix, distributed over twenty-five counties.
It does not pretend to be complete ; but as it
offers a more extended view of the question than
in Vol. ix., p. 136., I subjoin the results :
Yorkshire - - - - - 173

Lincolnshire - - - - - 163

Leicestershire - - - - - 49

Norfolk - - - - - 22

Cumberland - ^ - - - 21

Westmoreland - - - - - 18

Northamptonshire - - - 1 7

Lancashire - - - - - 14

Nottinghamshire - - - - 14

Suffolk and Derbyshire, 5 each - - - 10

Durham and Warwickshire, 3 each - 6

Essex and Isle of Man, 2 each - - - 4

Cardiganshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Kent, Mon-
mouthshire, Northumberland, Pembrokeshire,
Salop, and Wiltshire, 1 each - - - 10

521

Our termination -ness, then, is the old northern
or Icelandic nes, the parent of the Dan. nas, and
the Ang.-Sax. nese and nms, signifying " a neck
of land, or promontory." From this nes came,
naturally enough, the old northern naos or nos,
whence the Dan. ncese, the Germ, nase ; the Ang.-
Sax. nase, nase, nose ; the Norman-Fr. naz, and
Su.-Goth. naese (in Al. and Sansc. nasa, and in
Gall, nes) ; the Latin nasus, and Eng. nose, or nase as
it is spelt by Gower in his Conf. Am. b. v., " Both
at mouth and at nase" Closely akin to the same
word, and probably derived from an identical
source, is the old northern nef, whence were
formed the Vulg.-Isl. nebbi, the Dan. neb, and the
Ang.-Sax. nebbe and neb (in Pers. anef in C.
Tscherh. ep, in Curd, defin), the beak or bill, the
neb or nib of a bird ; and also used of the pro-
minent feature of the human face divine, to which
the term is applied by Shakspeare and Bacon, as
it is occasionally at the present day by the older
inhabitants of the Yorkshire dales.

Thus have we the origin of our nase, -nese,
-ness, -nib, -nab, &c, which are found in the com-
position of many of our local proper names ; but,
after looking over the foregoing paragraph, who
can tell whether these forms were transported to
our shores in a Saxon, Jutish, Anglic, or Danish
bark ? Wm. Matthews.

Cowgill.

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

523

The Termination "-%." — Having gone over the
remaining letters H to Z, I send you the following
results :

Lincoln

94,

in former list

65

Total 159

York -

41

j>

j)

24

„ 65

Leicester

22

»

»

21

m 43

Norfolk

13

j»

6

m 19

Notts

9

j*

2

„ 11

Cumberland -

9

_

7

„ 16

Lancaster

6

H

2

8

Westmoreland

5

»

»

3

8

Warwick

3

s>

„

0

3

Northampton

3

5>

»

9

,, 12

Suffolk

3

JJ

j.

0

3

Essex ( Kirby-le-

•

Soken)

1

»

»

0

1

Chester (West Kir-

by or Kirkby) -

1

>»

»

0

1

Pembroke (Tenby)

1

211

»

«

0

1

Derby

.

2

» 2

Sussex

■

1

142

1

353

I leave this for the study of others. B. H. C.

As B. H. C. could only find seven places in
Cumberland ending in -by, I take the liberty of
sending him a few additional names. Writing
from memory, I may very possibly have omitted
many more :

Aglionby.

Allonby.

Alwardby.

Arcleby.

Birkby.

Botcherby.

Corby.

Crosby.

Cross Cannonby.

Dovenby.

Etterby.

Flimby.

Gamelsby.

Glassonby.

Harby.

Harraby.

Ireby.

Johnby.

Langwathby.

Lazonby.

Maughanby.
Melmerby.
Moresby.
Motherby.
Netherby.
Ormesby.
Ousby.
Outerby.
Parsonby.
Ponsonby.
Rickerby.
Scaleby.
Scotby.
Sowerby.
Tarraby.
Thursby.
Uekmanby.

Uprightby, pronounced
Heaverby.

Many names of places in Cumberland commence
with Cum, as our Cumbrian bard has it :

" We've Cumwhitton, Cumwhinton, Cumranton,
Cumrangen, Cumrew, and Cumcatch ;
Wi' mony mair dims i' the county,
But nane wi' Cumdivock can match."

From whence is derived the prefix Cum ?

John o' the Ford.
Malta.

NEWSPAPER FOLK LORE.

(Vol. vi., pp. 221. 338. 466. ; Vol. ix., pp. 29.84.
276.)

Is it quite certain that " no animal can live in
the alimentary canal but the parasites which belong
to that part of the animal economy?" Being
ignorant of the matter I give no opinion, but would
bring before your readers' notice the following
seemingly well-authenticated instance. I quote
from Insect Transformations, 1830, p. 239., a work
put forth by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge.

" That insects are, in some rare cases, introduced into
the human stomach, has been more than once proved,
though the greater number of the accounts of such facts
in medical books are too inaccurate to be trusted.*
But one extraordinary case has been completely
authenticated, both by medical men and competent
naturalists, and is published in the Dublin Transactions,
by Dr. Pickells of Cork.f Mary Riordan, aged twenty-
eight, had been much affected by the death of her mother,
and at one of her many visits to the grave seems to have
partially lost her senses, having been found lying there
on the morning of a winter's day, and having been ex-
posed to heavy rain during the night. When she was
about fifteen, two popular Catholic priests had died,
and she was told by some old women that if she
would drink daily, for a certain time, a quantity of
water mixed with clay taken from their graves, she
would be for ever secure from disease and sin. Follow-
ing this absurd and disgusting prescription, she took
from time to time large quantities of the draught ; some
time afterwards, being affected with a burning pain in
the stomach (cardialgia), she began to eat large pieces
of chalk, which she sometimes also mixed with water
and drank.

" Now, whether in any or in all these draughts she
swallowed the eggs of insects, cannot be affirmed ; but
for several years she continued to throw up incredible
numbers of grubs and maggots, chiefly of the church-
yard beetle (Blaps mortisaga~). 'Of the larvae of the
beetle,' says Dr. Pickells, ' I am sure I considerably
underrate, when I say that not less than 700 have been
thrown up from the stomach at different times since the
commencement of my attendance. A great proportion
were destroyed by herself to avoid publicity ; many, too,
escaped immediately by running into holes in the floor.
Upwards of ninety were submitted to Dr. Thomson's
examination ; nearly all of which, including two of the
specimens of the meal-worm (Tenebrio molitor), I saw
myself thrown up at different times. The average size
was about an inch and a half in length, and four ljnes
and a half in girth. The larvae of the dipterous insect,
though voided only about seven or eight times, accord-
ing to her account, came up almost literally in myriads.
They were alive and moving.' Altogether, Dr. Pickells
saw nearly 2,000 grubs of the beetle, and there were

* See Good's Nosologia, Helminthia AM, and Study
of Medicine, vol. i. p. 336.

f Trans, of Assoc. Phys. in Ireland, vols. iv. viii. and
v. p. 177. Svo : Dublin, 1824-1828.

524

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

many which he did not see. Mr. Clear, an intelligent
entomologist of Cork, kept some of them alive for more
than twelve months. Mr. S. Cooper cannot understand
whence the continued supply of the grubs was provided,
seeing that larva? do not propagate, and that only one
pupa and one perfect insect were voided* ; but the
simple fact, that most beetles live several years in the
state of larva?, sufficiently accounts for this. Their
existing and thriving in the stomach, too, will appear
the less wonderful from the fact that it is exceedingly
difficult to kill this insect ; for Mr. Henry Baker re-
peatedly plunged one into spirits of wine, so fatal to
most insects, but it revived, even after being immersed
a whole night, and afterwards lived three years, f

" That there was no deception on the part of the
woman, is proved by the fact that she was always
anxious to conceal the circumstance; and'that it was
only by accident that the medical gentlemen, Drs.
Pickells, Herrick, and Thomson, discovered it. More-
over, it does not appear that, though poor, she ever took
advantage of it to extort money. It is interesting to
learn that, by means of turpentine in large doses, she
was at length cured."

Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

VENTILATION.

(Vol. ix., p. 415.)
" Airs from heaven or blasts from hell."

The mistake which, it is very respectfully
■submitted, the professed ventilationists fall into,
and which may be considered the fons et origo
malorum, is the notion that foul air rises upwards,
and that pure air comes from below ; which is just
the reverse of the fact.

In any room containing animals or vegetables,
the air undergoes a change by respiration..

Leaving the vegetables to care for themselves,
and considering the animals, if such a title may be
reverently given to members of the House and
others shut up in confined apartments for the
benefit of their species, it is obvious that the pure
air of heaven must undergo a change by the re-
spiratory organs of the members, which change is
absolutely necessary to preserve their lives, and
each such apartment is a manufactory for con-
verting pure into foul air. Its steam-power is
seated in the lungs, which, at each inspiration,
take up the oxygen (the principle of life and
flame) of the air, and at each expiration give out
the carbon of the blood, conveyed by the veins
from all parts of the body as refuse, and when
purged therefrom by oxygen inspired, convert
the venous blood into arterial, and bring life out
of death.

* Cooper's edition of Good's Study of Medicine, vol. i.
p. 358.

f Philosophical Transactions, No. 457.

What, then, becomes of the expired carbon ?
The professional ventilationists say it ascends, and
they provide mechanically, but not scientifically,
accordingly. On the contrary, it finally descends ;
and this is the reason why our beds are always a
few feet above the floor. If proof is needed, it
may be found by applying a candle to the door,
slightly ajar, of a room occupied by a few persons,
when it will be found that the flame of the candle
will point, when held at the lower part of the
door, outwards, and at the upper part of the door
inwards, showing how the currents of air pass ;
and as every one knows carbon to be heavier than
air, the lower current is the one charged with
carbon. The Grotto del Cane derives its name
from the fact, that a dog passing the stream of
carbon issuing from the fissure in the rock, dies ;
whilst a man walking erect, with his mouth above
the stream of carbon, escapes. Our lime-kilns
furnish a common example of the fact of the
density of carbon compared with atmospheric air.
Experiments in proof are constantly exhibited in
chemical lectures.

The practical inference, experto crede, is that
holes in the skirting-boards should be made so as
to draw off the foul air, whilst the angelic visits of
pure air should be sought from above. Bellows,
such as are used in diving-bells, with hot or cold
air, might be necessary in an extreme case — long
debates in the Commons, for example, — which
may require extraordinary ventilation.

T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Histonj of Photographic Discovery. — Without en-
tirely agreeing with the opinion expressed to us a
few days since, by an eminent scholar and most ori-
ginal thinker, that photography was destined to change
the face of the whole world ; we have little doubt
it is destined to produce some striking social effects.
Its history is, therefore, an interesting one, and the
following extract from a paper " On some early Ex-
periments in Photography, being the substance of a
Letter addressed to Robert Hunt, Esq., by the Rev.
J. B. Reade, M. A., F.R.S.," from the Philosophical
Magazine for May, 1 854, seems, in that point of view,
so important, that we have transferred it to " N. & Q."

" I may assume that you are already aware, from my
letter to Mr. Brayley of March 9, 1839, and published
in the British Review for August, 1 847, that the prin-
cipal agents I employed, before Mr. Talbot's processes
were known, were infusion of galls as an accelerator,
and hyposulphite of soda as a fixer.

" I have no doubt, though I have not a distinct re-
collection of the fact, that I was led to use the infusion
of galls from my knowledge of the early experiments
by Wedgwood. I was aware that he found leather
more sensitive than paper; and it is highly probable
that the tanning process, which might cause the silver

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

525

solution to be more readily acted upon when applied
to the leather, suggested my application of the tanning
solution to paper.

" In your own history of the photographic process,"
says Mr. Reade, addressing Mr. Hunt, " you say, ' the
discovery of the extraordinary property of the gallic
acid in increasing the sensibility of the iodide of silver
was the most valuable of the numerous contributions
which Mr. Talbot has made to the photographic art.'
It is nevertheless true, as stated by Sir David Brewster,
that 'the first public use of the infusion of nut-galls,
which is an essential element in Mr. Talbot's patented
process, is due to Mr. Reade ; ' and in my letter to Mr.
Brayley I attribute the sensitiveness of my process to
the formation of a gallate or tannate of silver. I need
scarcely say, that among various experiments I tried
gallic and tannic acid in their pure state, both sepa-
rately and mixed ; but the colour of the pictures thus
obtained with the solar microscope was at that time less
pleasing to my eye, than the rich warm tone which the
same acids produced when in their natural connexion
with solutions of vegetable matter in the gall-nut.
This organic combination, however, was more effective
with the solar microscope than with the camera, though
the lenses of my camera were five inches in diameter. It
is probable enough that the richer tone was due to the
greater energy of direct solar rays. In using the solar
microscope, I employed a combination of lenses which
produced a convergence of the luminous and photogenic
rays, together with a dispersion of the calorific rays,
and the consequent absence of all sensible heat enabled
me to use Ross's cemented powers, and to make draw-
ings of objects inclosed in Canada balsam, and of living
animalcules in single drops of water. The method I
employed was communicated to the Royal Society in
December, 1836, and a notice of it is contained in the
' Abstracts.'

" You inform me that some persons doubt whether
I really obtain gallate of silver when using an infusion
of gall-nuts, and that one of Mr. Talbot's friends raises
the question. It is sufficient to reply, that though
gallic acid is largely formed by a long 'exposure of an
infusion of gall-nuts to the atmosphere, as first pro-
posed by Scheele, yet this acid does exist in the gall-
nut in its natural state, and in a sufficient quantity to
form gallate of silver as a photogenic agent ; for M.
Deyeux observes, that ' when heat is very slowly
applied to powdered gall-nuts, gallic acid sublimes
from them, a part of which, when the process is con-
ducted with great care, appears in the form of small
white crystals.' M. Fiedler also obtained gallic acid
by mixing together a solution of gall-nuts and pure
alumina, which latter combines with the tannin and
leaves the gallic acid free in the solution ; and this
solution is found, on experiment, to produce very ad-
mirable pictures. But what is more to the point, Mr.
Brayley, in explaining my process in his lectures, showed
experimentally how gallate of silver was formed, and
confirmed my view of the sensitiveness of the prepara-
tion. It is therefore certain that the use of gallate of
silver as a photogenic agent had been made public in
two lectures by Mr. Brayley at least two years before
Mr. Talbot's patent was sealed.

" I employed hyposulphite of soda as a fixer. Mr.

Hodgson, an able practical chemist at Apothecaries*
Hall, assisted me in the preparation of this salt, which
at that time was probably not be found, as an article of
sale, in any chemist's shop in London. Sir John
Herschel had previously announced the peculiar action
of this preparation of soda on salts of silver, but I be-
lieve that I was the first to use it in the processes of
photography. I also used iodide of potassium, as
appears from my letter, as a fixer, and 1 employed it as
well to form iodide of lead on glazed cards as an ac-
celerator. Iodide of lead has of itself, as I form it,
considerable photographic properties, and receives very
fair impressions of plants, lace, and drawings when
placed upon it, but with the addition of nitrate of
silver and the infusion of galls the operation is perfect
and instantaneous. Pictures thus taken were exhibited
at the Royal Society before Mr. Talbot proposed his
iodized paper. The microscopic photographs exhibited
at Lord Northampton's in 1839 remained in his lord-
ship's possession. I subsequently made drawings of
sections of teeth ; and one of them, a longitudinal sec-
tion of a tooth of the Lamna, was copied on zinc by
Mr. Lens Aldous for Owen's ' Odontography.' I may
say this much as to my own approximation to an art,
which has deservedly and by universal consent obtained
the name of Talbotype."

Photographic Cautions. — Diffused light being one
of the most common causes of photographic failures, I
beg to call the attention of your readers to the con-
struction of their cameras. Working with a friend,
and taking the same localities, using the same paper
and chemicals, his pictures have proved comparative
failures, a general browning pervading the whole, evi-
dently the effect of light. Every inspection failed to
discover it, until the mode was adopted of putting one
of the paper-holders in its position as for taking a
picture, then removing the lens, and, with the aid of
the focussing-bag, looking through the hole where the
lens is applied, when light became visible in many
spaces, entirely accounting for these failures. As
many such cameras are now becoming made upon the
same sliding construction, every one should test his
apparatus before he commences, for such a one is en-
tirely useless. Lately also the glass corners for col-
lodion plate-holders in the dark slides, have been by
some makers replaced by a sort of silver looking wire,
but possessing little of that metal. The most minute
portion of the copper in this wire coming in contact
with the excited collodion, produces a decomposition
sufficient to spoil any picture. These may appear
trivial things to " make a note of," but as they have
caused much vexation to one who has had some pho-
tographic experience, they may still more perplex a
novice ; and as you have done so much towards
making the science plain, I hope you will give them
space in your forthcoming Number.

Lux in Camera.

A Query respecting Collodion. — I have been making
some collodion by Mr. Tery's process, and have iodized
it with a very sensitive medium. The collodion is
very clear and properly diluted. The ether I used had
a very powerful smell of sulphur, and was likewise
very strong and volatile. I diluted it with an equal

526

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

volume of alcohol. The ether was then still very
strong. The cotton dissolved freely. On mixing the
iodizing medium, the colour of the collodion turns im-
mediately to nearly a port-wine colour, but still re-
mains very clear. I obtain a very good film of iodide
of silver from the bath, but cannot produce a picture
under five or seven minutes, whereas with the same
lens, and the same iodizing medium, viz.

Alcohol ------ 8 drms.

Iodide of potassium - 8 grs.

Iodide of ammonium - - - - 4 grs.

Iodide of silver - - - - - £ gr.

I have obtained beautiful pictures in less than one
second with collodion prepared by the same (Archer's)
process. As I have made a quantity of it, and am un-
willing it should be wasted, I have taken the liberty
of asking your opinion on the subject. Do you think
the collodion is too new, or the ether not good ? On
pouring the developing solution on the plate (proto-
sulphate of iron), the plate has the appearance of having
ink poured on it ; but this appearance is removed on
the application of the hyposulphite of soda, and the
plate remains as clear as when it was taken from the
nitrate of silver bath. J. Cook.

The Ceroleine Process. — Have any of your photo-
graphic correspondents made such experiments on the
ceVoleine process as to enable them to communicate
the results to " N. & Q,"?

Is Mr. Crooke's process for preserving the sensitive-
ness of collodion applicable to all collodions? If not,
what collodion is best suited for it ? Silex.

Mr. Fox Talbot's Patents. — The injunction moved
for by Mr. Fox Talbot, as reported in The Times of
Saturday last, reminds us of a Query which we have
been sometimes asked, and which may just now be
brought forward with advantage, namely : If Mr.
Talbot's patents extend to the collodion process, how
comes it that the earliest practisers of the collodion art
had to make their own researches? We know one
skilful photographer whose experiments were so ex-
tensive before he made any tolerable pictures, that his
spoiled glass and cuttings were more than a man could
lift.

ISLzplizg to junior dtatriffc

The Olympic Plain (Vol. ix., p. 270.). — I have
lust seen, in examining the contents of a German
periodical, that in May, 1853, a proposal was sub-
mitted to the public by Professor Ross, of the
University of Halle, for setting on foot a subscrip-
tion to defray the expense of making excavations
in Olympia, thus anticipating, by nearly a year, a
recent suggestion to the same effect in " N. & Q."
Professor Ross expatiates at considerable length
(see Jahrbiicher fur Philologie und Pddagogik, vol.
Ixviii. p. 203.) on the advantages to be derived,
as regards the arts, the literature, and the history
of Greece, from the exploration of so celebrated a
spot; but, notwithstanding all his arguments and

eloquence, the amount of the subscriptions, after
the lapse of nine months, only amounted, in
February, 1854, to about 381. As this sum was
so utterly inadequate for the object intended, it
was resolved to devote it to excavations in Mykenae.
Professor Ross takes occasion to pay a high tribute
of praise to Lord Aberdeen, for the service ren-
dered by his Lordship in discovering the treasury
at Mykena;. The facilities at Olympia for carrying
on excavations are stated by Professor Ross to be
very great. It is but a few miles distant from the
sea, on the banks of a navigable river, and opposite
to the very populous island of Zante; so that
workmen, and means, and helps of all kinds can
easily be procured. It was intended to give the
superintendence of the excavations to Professor
Alexander Rizo Rangabe, of the University of
Athens, who was to be supplied with an adequate
staff of artists, &c. Whatever discoveries might
be made, were to become the property of the Greek
nation. Travellers were to be permitted to visit
the excavations during their progress, and to see
all that was going on ; and it was thought that a
considerable number might be attracted to the
spot, as the Austrian steamers convey passengers
weekly in three or four days from Trieste to the
western coast of the Morea. J. Macrat.

Encyclopaedia of Indexes, or Table of Contents
(Vol. ix., p. 371.). — Your correspondent Thinks
I to Myself inquires respecting the desirableness
and practicability of forming an " Encyclopaedia
of Indexes, or Tables of Contents." It was to
meet this want (which is very commonly felt)
that the publication of the Cyclopaedia Biblio-
graphica was undertaken. The work has met
your approval, and I have the pleasure of an-
nouncing that the volume will be completed on
June 1. I think it will meet the desire of your
correspondent and many others, who, " in reading
up on any subject, wish to know whether any
author treats upon it, without being obliged to
examine his works, at a great expense of time
and labour." James Dareing.

"One New Year's Day" (Vol. ix., p. 467.).— -
The lines quoted by Mr. Skyring are the open-
ing lines of an old ballad, entitled " Richard of
Taunton Dean, or Dumble Dum Deary." It may
be found in Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of
the Peasantry of England, edited (for the Percy
Society) by J. H. Dixon, Esq., who says :

" This song is very popular with the country people
in every part of England, but more particularly so with
the inhabitants of Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall.
There are many different versions."

In the notes to his volume, Mr. Dixon mentions
two Irish versions of this ballad, communicated to
him by T. C. Croker, Esq., one of which, entitled
" Last New Year's Day," is almost verbatim with

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

527

the English ballad. The other version (which is
given by Mr. D.) is entitled " Dicky of Bally-
man." J. K. R. W.

[This reference renders it unnecessary to insert the
versions kindly supplied by E. L. H. and J. A.]

Unregistered Proverbs (Vol. ix., p. 235.). — The
following I find among the poor parishioners of
Tor-Mohun in Devonshire, and they were new to
me. In answer to some remarks of mine on the
necessary infirmities of old age, one of them re-
plied, " You cannot have two forenoons in the
same day." And on another occasion, in answer
to my saying that something ought to be done, al-
though it was not, there came, " Oughts are no-
things unless they've strokes to them."

Wm. Fraser, B.C.L.

Orange Blossoms (Vol. viii., p. 341. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 386.). — I have seen it stated that the use of
these flowers at bridals was derived from the
Saracens, or at least from the East, and that
they were thus employed as emblems of fecundity.
Wm. Fraser, B.C.L.

Peculiar Use of the Word " Pure" (Vol. viii.,
p. 125.). — Your correspondent is evidently not a
Gloucestershire man. The word pure is commonly
used in that county to express being in good
health. I remember an amusing instance, which
occurred many years ago. A gentleman, a friend
of mine, who resided in an establishment where
young ladies were educated, was met one day by
an honest farmer ; who, after inquiring kindly for
his own health, said with equal good nature and
simplicity, " I hope, Zur, the ladies be all pure."

Geoucestrensis.

Worm in Books (Vol. viii., p. 412.). — Alethis
is presented with the following recipe from a very
curious old French book of receipts and secrets
for everything connected with arts and trades.
Put some powdered colocynth into a phial, and
cover the mouth with parchment pierced with
holes. With this the books should be powdered,
and from time to time beaten to drive out the
powder, when the same process must be repeated.

F. C. H.

Chapel Sunday (Vol. vii., p. 527.). — Not having
received an answer to my Query of the origin of
the celebration of Chapel Sunday in the Lake
district, I would venture a surmise which some
Cumbrian antiquary will perhaps correct, if wrong.
I take it to be the day in honour of the patron
saint of the chapel : and now, when such festivals
are little observed, it has been changed to the
nearest Sunday. In this thinly populated district,
and where, from its mountainous and rugged cha-
racter, travelling before the formation of the
present good roads was neither agreeable nor
(probably) safe, "at chapel" was the only time

many of the inhabitants saw each other. Meeting,
therefore, on so auspicious a day as that of the
patron saint, might in " merrie time " of old in-
duce a little festivity. Prestoniensis.

Bishop Inglis of Nova Scotia (Vol. vii., p. 263.).
— According to a short biography in the Docu-
mentary History of New York, vol. iii. p. 1066., this
prelate was born a.d. 1734. His birth-place is
not mentioned. Some letters and other writings
by him may be found in the fourth volume of the
same work. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Guita Percha made soluble (Vol. ix., p. 350.). —
E. B. can procure at any chemist's establishment
a solution of gutta percha in chloroform, which
may answer the purpose required by him. It is
used by medical men as a dressing for abrasion in
the skin of bed-ridden persons, and is applied with
a camel's-hair brush. It hardens on being ap-
plied, and produces an artificial skin, which saves
the patient from farther suffering; in the place to
which it has been applied. Experto Crede.

Naphtha will render gutta percha soluble ; and
if needed to be used as a varnish, it is only neces-
sary to make a solution in a closed vessel, and
apply it with a brush. The naphtha will evaporate
and leave a thin coating of firmly- adhering gutta
percha behind. Shireet Hibberd.

Impe (Vol. viii., pp.443. 623.). — This epithet
has been much discussed, but I think that no re-
ference has been made to the following remark-
able instances of its application.

In the Beauchamp Chapel at St. Mary's War-
wick is the altar-tomb and effigy of the infant
son of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, with a
long inscription, which begins :

" Heere resteth the body of the noble impe Robert
of Dudley, Baronet of Denbigh, sonne of Robert,
Erie of Leycester, nephew and heire unto Ambrose,
Erie of Warwike."

In a letter from Edinburgh, dated 5th Novem-
ber, 1578, John Aleyn to the Bishop of Carlisle,
writes of " the goodly young Imp their King,"
who was afterwards our James I. ; and the Earl
of Shrewsbury in 1585 writes of " my wife and
her imps," the lady being his energetic Countess
Elizabeth Hardwick, widow of Sir William Ca-
vendish. (See Lodge's Illustrations of British
History, vol. ii. pp. 135. 275.) R. A.

Melford.

" Bothy" (Vol. ix., p. 305.). — For a very com-
plete account of "the Bothy system" in Scotland,
see the able and interesting pamphlet of the Rev.
Harry Stuart : Agricultural Labourers as they
were, are, and should be (Blackwood).

W. C. Trevblyan.

528

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

Work on Ants (Vol. ix., p. 303.). — I presume
that the work for which 2. inquires is, Recherch.es
sur les Mceurs des Fourmis indigenes, par P. Huber,
Paris, 1810.* 'AAteis.

Dublin.

Jacobite Garters (Vol. viii., p. 586.). — I have
lately seen a watch-ribbon, or perhaps garter,
with a Jacobite inscription in white letters some-
what like that described by E. L. J., but only
about half the length. The middle stripe was red
between two blue ones, and yellow edges ; there
was no attempt at a plaid. The owner had no tra-
dition about it, as connected with any particular
incident in Prince Charles' career. P. P.

" The Three Pigeons " (Vol. ix., p. 423.). —
I think Washington Irving, in his Life of Gold-
smith, satisfactorily explains the origin of the song
in She Stoops to Conquer, which your correspon-
dent G. Taylor supposes was suggested by the
inn at Brentford, mentioned by Dr. Rimbault.
The American biographer says that Goldsmith
and his companion Bryanton

" Got up a country club at the inn at Ballymahon, of
■which Goldsmith soon became the oracle and prime
wit ; astonishing his unlettered associates by his
learning, and being considered capital at a song and
story. From the rustic conviviality of the inn at
Ballymahon, and the company which used to assemble
there, it is surmised that he took some hints in after-
life for his picturing of Tony Lumpkin and his asso-
ciates, ' Dick Muggins the exciseman, Jack Slang the
horse doctor, Little Aminadab that grinds the music-
box, and Tom Twist that spins the pewter-platter.'
Nay, it is thought that Tony's drinking-song at the
* Three Jolly Pigeons ' was but a revival of one of the
convivial catches at Ballymahon."

And the author farther remarks, that
f Though Goldsmith ultimately rose to associate with
birds of a finer feather, his heart would still yearn in
secret after the * Three Jolly Pigeons.' "

If this be correct, as it most likely is, the song
referred to, and the scene it illustrates, were not
suggested by the inn at Brentford. B. M.

Philadelphia.

The alehouse situate at Lishoy in Ireland, where
Goldsmith's father was vicar, was, no doubt, "The
Three Pigeons " of She Stoops to Conquer. There is

[* Our correspondent 2. begs us to acknowledge the
favour of the communication of 'AMevs, but his inquiry
" on the habits of ants " is by an author, a M. Hauhart,
and of a much later date than Huber's. He is in-
formed it is to be found in the Transactions of the
University of Basle in Switzerland, published with this
title, Die Zeitschrift der Basler Hochschule, 1825, p. 62. ;
but he has not been successful in obtaining a sight of
that work.]

a sketch of it in the Tourist's Handbook for Ireland,
p. 175. The author refers to Mr. John Forster's
Life of Goldsmith, which I have not at hand.

Thompson Coopek.
Cambridge.

Corporation Enactments (Vol. ix., p. 300.). —
It is an easy, but generally an unsafe thing to
quote from quotations. Abhba should have re-
ferred to The Dublin Penny Journal, vol. i. p. 226.,
for his extracts from the Town Books of the Cor-
poration of Youghal, co. Cork ; and, even then,
might have made farther reference to Crofton
Croker's Researches in the South of Ireland, p. 160.,
whence the paragraph (unacknowledged) was in-
troduced into The Dublin Penny Journal. Mr.
Croker, moreover, fell into error with respect to
the dates of these curious enactments, which were
long antecedent to 1680 and 1703. I have seen
them in the original (Book A), and vouch for the
accuracy of the subjoined :

" 1613-14. Thomas Geoffry made a freeman (being
a barber), on condition that he should trim every
freeman for sixpence per ami.

" 1622. John Bayly made free, on condition to
dress the dinners of the several Mayors."

I may give you some farther extracts from a
MS. Note Book relative to this corporation at a
future period. Samuel Hayman, Clk.

South Abbey, Youghal.

The Passion of our Lord dramatised (Vol. ix.,
p. 373.). — A drama on the Passion of Christ (the
first specimen of the kind that has descended to
our days) is attributed to St. Gregory of Nazian-
zum, but is more probably the production of
Gregory of Antioch (a.d. 572). It is described
by most of the ecclesiastical writers : Tillemont,
Baillet, Baronius, Bellarmin, Dupin, Vossius,
Rivet, Labba3us, Ceillier, Fleury, &c.

In 1486, when La Mistere de la Passion, or the
Passion of our Saviour, was exhibited at Antwerp,
the beholders were astonished by five different
scaffolds, each having several stages rising per-
pendicularly : paradise was the most elevated,
and it had two stages. But even this display was
eclipsed by another exhibition of The Passion,
where no fewer than nine scaffolds were displayed
to the wondering gaze of the people.

In 1556, according to Strype (Life of Sir Thos.
Pope, Pref. p. vii.), the Passion of Christ was re-
presented at the Grey Friers in London, on Cor-
pus Christi Day, before the Lord Mayor, the
Privy Council, and many great persons of the
realm. Again, the same historian informs us
(Ecclesiastical Memorials, iii. c. xlix.) under the
date 1557 :

" The Passion of Christ was acted at the Grey
Friers on the day that war was proclaimed against
France, and in honour of that occasion."

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

529

It is generally considered that the last miracle
play represented in England was that of Christ's
Passion, in the reign of James I., which Prynne
informs us was —

" Performed at Elie House in Holborne, when Gon-
domar lay there, on Good Friday at night, at which
there were thousands present."

Busby's idea, " that the manner of reciting and
singing in the theatres formed the original model
of the°Church service," is as absurd as it is un-
tenable. Edward F. Rimbault.

It is said that Apollonarius of Laodicea (a.d.
362), and Gregory of Nazianzum not much later,
dramatised our Lord's Passion. Many, however,
regard the Christus Patiens, ascribed to Gre-
gory, as spurious. The Passion of our Lord was
represented in the Coliseum at Rome as much as
six centuries ago. The subject was a favourite
one in Italy. In France, " The Fraternity of the
Passion of our Saviour " received letters patent
from Charles VI. in 1402. Their object was to
perform moralities or mysteries, i. e. plays on
sacred subjects. In 1486, the Chapter of the
Church at Lyons gave sixty livres to those who
had played the mystery of the Passion of our
Lord Jesus Christ. In 1518, Francis I. confirmed
by lettei-s patent the privileges of the Confreres
de la Passion : one of their pieces, reprinted in
1541, is entitled Le Mystere de la Passion de N.
S. J. C. ■ The same subject was common in Spain
and Germany. In England the Coventry mys-
teries, &c. partook of the same character. The
Cotton MS. (Vespasian, b. viii.) and the Chester
Whitsun plays (Harleian MS. 2013.) would pro-
bably afford information which I cannot now give.
So late as 1640, Sandys wrote a tragedy, on a
plan furnished by Grotius, upon Christ's Passion.
A little research would give H. P. a number of
similar facts. B. H. C.

Tf your correspondent wishes for authority for
the fact of our blessed Lord's Passion being
dramatised, he will find an example in Gregor.
Naz., the editio princ. of which I have before me,
entitled Xpia-ros Tra<rx<w, Rom. 1542. J. C. J.

See the true account and explanation of the
service of the Passion, in Cardinal Wiseman's Lec-
tures on the Offices of ■ Holy Week, 1854, 8vo., Dol-
man. W. B. T.

Hardman's Account of Waterloo (Vol. ix.,
pp. 176. 355.). — Lieutenant Samuel Hardman
was present with the 7th Hussars at the cavalry
actions of Sahagun (Dec. 21, 1808) and Bene-
vente (Dec. 29, 1808), previous to his appoint-
ment, May 19, 1813, as Cornet, Royal Waggon
Train, "from serjeant-major, 7th Light Dra-
goons." I was in error in stating that he was
appointed "Lieutenant and Adjutant, Dec. 15,

1814, in the 10th Hussars, in which he had com-
menced his military career." The 10th and 15th
Hussars were in action at Sahagun and Bene-
vente, but Mr. Hardman never served in the
10th Hussars until December 1814.

Query, Why is Sahagun not to be found on
the appointments of the 10th Hussars, as well as
on those of the 15th Hussars, as both regiments
were engaged with the enemy on that occasion ?

G. L. S.

Aristotle (Vol. ix., p. 373.). — See Aristotle's
Ethics, bk. v. ch. iv. B. H. C.

Papyrus (Vol. ix., p. 222.). — If R. H. means
the growing plant, it is to be found in most bota-
nical gardens. P. P.

Bell at Bouen (Vol. viii., p. 448. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 233.). — A portion of the great George d'Am-
bois is preserved in the Museum of Antiquities at
Rouen, where I saw it four years ago. Cpl.

Word-minting (Vol. ix., pp. 151. 335.). — Your
correspondent J. A. H. cannot have seen Richard-
son's Dictionary, where he will find the word de-
rangement, in the sense of madness, illustrated by
an instance from Paley, Evidences, prop. 2. Cpl.

Coleridge's Christabel (Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292. ;
Vol. viii., pp. 11. 111.; Vol. ix., p. 455.). —My
Query relative to Christabel (Vol. vii., p. 292.)
seems to have been lost sight of, and has not as
yet received a reply. Will you kindly permit me
to renew it ?

In the European Magazine for April, 1815,
there appeared a poem entitled " Christobell : a
Gothic tale. Written as a sequel to a beautiful
legend of a fair lady and her father, deceived by a
witch in the guise of a noble knight's daughter."
It is dated " March, 1815," and signed "V.," and
was reprinted in Frasers Magazine for January,
1835. It commences thus :

" Whence comes the wavering light which falls
On Langdale's lonely Chapel-walls?
The noble mother of Christobell
Lies in that lone and drear chapelle."

Query, What is known of the history and author-
ship of this poem ?

It will be observed from the dates, that the
sequel appeared in print before Christabel was
published by Coleridge. J. M, B.

GarricKs Funeral Epigram (Vol. vii., p. 619.).
— Bishop Home was, I believe, the author of
these verses ; at least I have seen them in a
volume published by him, entitled (I think) Mis-
cellanies : and I think they are stated to be his in
Jones' Life of Home. But I have neither work
at this moment before me to refer to.

Geo. E. Frere.

Rovdon Hall, Diss.

530

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :
The Church of England Magazine. Vol. XXI. 1846. In

good order, and in the cloth case.
Wanted by the Rev. B. H. Blacker, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.

The Trials of Robert Powell, Edward Burch, and Matthew
Martin, for Forgery, at the Old Bailey. London. 8vo.
1771.

Wanted by J. N. Chadwick, Esq., King's Lynn.

The following Works of Symon Patrick, late Lord Bishop of
Ely, &c. : —

A Prayer for Perfecting our late Deliverance. 1689.
A Prayer for Charity, Peace, and Unity, chiefly to be used in

Lent.
A Prayer for the King's Success in Ireland. 1690.
A Letter to the Clergy of the Diocese of Ely, at his Primary

Visitation. 1692.
The Dignity of the Christian Priesthood, delivered to his

Clergy at his Fourth Triennial Visitation. 1701.
An Exhortation to the Clergy before his Fifth Triennial

Visitation. 1704. With a discourse on Rev. xvi. 9., upon

occasion of the late terrible Storm of Wind.
An Exhortation at his Sixth Triennial Visitation. 1707.

Wanted by the Rev. Alexander Taylor, 3. Blomfield Terrace,
Paddington.

We have this week omitted our Notes on Books to make
room for the many Replies to Minor Queries waiting for in-
sertion.

T. W. will find the line —

" Men are but children of a larger growth" —
in Dryden's Ail for Love, Act IV. Sc. 1 .

A. Has our Correspondent consulted the Rev. J. Blunt's
Vestiges of Ancient Customs and Manners in Modern Italy and
Sicily, 8vo. 1823 ?

H. Edwards. The epithet referred to is an obvious corruption
of an extremely coarse one, formerly applied to all who refused
to wear the oak-apple on the Wth of May.

Tom King. Monsieur Tonson was written by the late John
Taylor, the well-known editor of The Sun, and will be found in
the collection of his poems.

Loccan. Batman, from Fr. bat, hence corrupted into bawman,
an officer's servant.

I. R. R. Valentine Schindler, a learned German, was born at
Oedern, in Misnia, and became professor of the Oriental languages

at, Wittemberg, and at Helmsladl, where he died in 161 1 . Rodrigo

Sanchez de Arevalo, Lat. Rodericus Sanctius, a learned Spanish
prelate, was born in 1404. He was successively proinoted to the
bishoprics of Zamora, Calahorra, and Palencia. He died in
1470.

W. S., A Topographer, and P. B. For a person to be eligible
to the " Antiquarian Photographic Club." he must be a Fellow of
the Royal or Antiquarian Societies, or a member of the Royal In-
stitution, and be unanimously elected. This rule, after much
consideration, was decided by its promoters. A few others than
Photographers are admitted, who join the excursions, and are
required to furnish the notes, historical and literary, of the spots
visited.

H. H. (Glasgow) is thanked for the kind manner in which he
speaks of our services to photography.

L. L. However imperfect the specimens of your skill, we shall
be glad to receive them. If all who, like you, have benefited by
the pho'ographic articles which have appeared in our columns,
would send us, in acknowledgment, some of their productions,
our portfolio would be belter filled than it is.

Erratum. Vol. ix., p. 474., col. 2, line 25, for " German sherry
wines," read " Genuine sherry wines."

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d.,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from. Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

Price One Shilling,

THE NATIONAL MISCEL-
LANY FOR JUNE contains :

1. Oxford its Past and Present.

2. Something about Grammar.

3. Lloyd's Scandinavian Adventures.

4. Old and New Paris.

5. Life in an American Man-o'-War.

6. Rubini, the King of Tenors.

7. Newspaper Stamps.

8. The Military Geography of Turkey.—
No. II.

9. Notices.

10. Poetry.

At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand,
London.

Now ready, crown 8vo.
A New Edition, in large type, of

THE SACRED GARLAND,

THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT.
" Pluck a Flower."

Price 5s. cloth lettered ; 9s. full calf; 12s.

morocco elegant.

Upwards of 100,000 copies of this book in a

smaller form have been sold.

MILNER & SOWERBY, Halifax.

SPANISH LITERATURE.

PROFESSOR *!E. DELMAR'S
NEW WORK, comprising Choice Selec-
tions of Prose. Poetry, and the Drama, from
the most classic Castilian writers from the
Fifteenth Century to the present Day, is
now ready for Delivery. The Work also con-
tains a Brief Sketch on Spanish Literature, and
Explanatory Notes in English. 1 vol. 12mo.,
cloth, price 7s.

D. NUTT, 270. Strand.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Foyal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizz.i, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hass>5,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G.Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery. S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry, II. Panofka, Henry Phillips. F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

SECOND EDITION.

"A very beautiful book ; it is an extraor-
dinary specimen of typography." — Critic,
Londo-.i Literary Journal.

THE EGGS OF BRITISH
BIRDS, displayed in a Series of En-
gravings, by DICKES, copied and coloured
from Nature, with Descriptions and Anecdotes
of British Birds. Small 8vo., beautifully hound,
price 6s. 6d. Also kept in elegant Papier
Macht? covers.

This handsome volume gives the exact repre-
sentations of the size, shape, and colour of the
eggs of our British birds ; and contains a clear
and correct description of eggs ; together with
nutmrous anecdotes and facts concerning
British birds.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

"YTOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
cr scopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated by numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCUARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should add it to his library." — Suhr
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO., Avo Maria
Lane.

June 3. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

531

XYLO- IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Pho-
tographic Establishments. — The superiority of this preparation is now universally ac-
knowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day,
warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces
uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate
Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions
for use.

Caution. — Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W.
THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP : for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.

The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature
and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS. CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure
Photographic Chemicals : and maybe procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at ls.,2.t.,
and 3s. M. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS. 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS.
BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS, DA-
GTTERREOTYPISTS, &c. — Instanta-
neous Collodion (or Collodio-Iodide Silver).
Solution for Iodizing Coilodion. Pyrogallic,
Gallic, and Glacial Acetic Acids, and every
Pure Chemical required in the Practice of
Phot' graphy, prepared by WILLIAM BOL-
TON, Operative and Photographic Chemist,
146. Holborn Bars. Wholesale Dealer in every
kind of Photographic Papers, Lenses, Cameras,
and Apparatus, and Importer of French and
German Lenses, Stc. Catalogues by Post on
receipt of Two Postage Stamps. Sets of Ap-
paratus from Three Guineas.

COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved hy the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to su!t
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extens vely employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-
DTON._ J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

Patronised by tbe Royal
Family,

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6rf. ; double size, 4s. 6(7. ; 7s. 6rf.
equal to 4 small ; 1 Is. to 6 small : 21«. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joint* in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6(/. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork ; BARRY, 9. Main
Street. Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow ; DUN-
CAN & FI.OCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

pHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF

\J SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. T.ord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

A

LLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 32., and 42. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Directors.
H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;
T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,
Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100?., with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits: —

Age
17 -
22 -
27 -

£ s. d.
1 14 4
1 18 8

Age

£ s. d.

- 2 10 8

- 2 18 6

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d„ Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
(fee. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

532

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 240.

This Day, with Woodcuts, fcp. 8vo., 5s.

THE OLD PRINTER AND
THE MODERN PRESS, in relation to
the important subject of CHEAP POPULAR
LITERATURE. By CHARLES KNIGHT.

Also, by the same Author, 2 vols. fcp.8vo., 10s.

ONCE UPON A TIME.

" The old bees die, the young possess the
hive." — Shakspeare.

" They relate to all manner of topics — old
folks, old manners, old books j and take them
all in all, they make up as charming a pair of
volumes as we have seen for many a long
day." — Fraser's Jfagazine.

"' Once upon a Time' is worth possessing."—
Examiner.

" This varied, pleasant, and informing col-
lection of Essays."— Spectator.

"Mr. Charles Knight's entertaining little
work is full of various knowledge agreeably
told." — Quarterly Review.

"This pleasant gallery of popular antiqua-
rianism. — John Bull.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

MURRAT'S
RAILWAY READISTO.

Now ready, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 8s.

ESSAYS FROM "THE
TIMES : " Being a Selection from the
Literary Papers which have appeared in that
Journal, reprinted by permission.

Contents :
Vol. I.
Nelson and Lady Hamilton.
Railway Novels.
Louis-Philippe and his Family.
John Howard.

Drama of the French Revolution.
Lord Holland's Reminiscences.
Robert Southey.

Dean Swift — Stella and Vanessa.
Reminiscences of Coleridge.
John Keats.

Grote's History of Greece.
Literature of the Rail.

Vol. II.
Lord Coke.

Discoveries at Nineveh.
Lord Mansfield.
Lion Hunting in Africa.
Jeremy Taylor.

Lord Clarendon and his Friends.
John Sterling.
Autobiography of a Chartist.
Americans in England.
Francis Chantrey.
Career of Lord Langdale.
Afghanistan.
The Greek Revolution.
Dickens and Thackeray.

*** Each Volume may be had separately.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

This Day, fcp. 8vo„ 6s.

MORE WORLDS THAN ONE ;
the CREFD of the PHILOSOPHER
and the HOP E of the CHRISTIAN. By SIR
DAVID BREWSTER.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

NEW WORK BY DEAN MILMAN.
Now ready, Vols. I. to III., 8vo., 36s.

HISTORY OF LATIN CHRIS-
TIANITY, including that of THE
POPES to the PONTIFICATE of NI-
CHOLAS V. By HEN BY HART MIL-
MAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND.
Now ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 36s.

THE TREASURES OF ART
IN GREAT BRITAIN. Being an Ac-
count of the Chief Collections of Puintin:-'3,
Sculptures, MSS., &c, in this Country. By
DR. WAAGEN, Director of the Royal Gal-
lery of Pictures at Berlin.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

0

Now ready, in fancy boards, price 2s. (id. ;
cloth, elegant, 3s.

RR'S CIRCLE OF THE

SCIENCES. Volume I.
Containing :
Introductory Treatise : on the Nature, Con-
nexion, and Uses of the Great Departments
of Human Knowledge. By the Editor.
Physiology of Animal and Vegetable Life.
By the Editor.

Principal Forms of the Skeleton Principal

Forms and Structures of the Teeth. By
Professor Owen.
Varieties of the Human Species. By Robert
Gordon Latham, M.D.,F.R.S.
Copious Explanatory and Glossarial Index,
&c., and upwards of 400 highly linishcd En-
gravings.

London : WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner.

In small 8vo., price 2s. 6a\, cloth, elegant,

HOUSEHOLD MEDICINE
AND SURGERY, SICK-ROOM MA-
NAGEMENT, AND DIET FOR INVALIDS.
Being the First Volume of ORR'S HOUSE-
HOLD HANDBOOKS : a Series of Works in-
tended to impart plain and practical inform-
ation on subjects connected with the comforts
and refinements of home.

London : WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner.

NEW ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL.
Published Weekly, price Ijri., or 1\d. Stamped.

T>HE CRYSTAL PALACE

JL AND PARK. A complete Account of
the Crystal Palace and its objects, wMi nu-
merous Illustrations from Photographs, by
M. DELAMOTTE, will be given in

THE HOIVIE COBXPASTZOXO-,

No. XXIV.,

Which will be a DOUBLE NUMBER (32
Pages), without increase of price.

As none will be printed beyond the usual
number, unless ordered previous to the day of
publication, immediate orders should be given
to any Bookseller.

London : WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW
for JUNE, contains the following articles : —
1 . Leaves from a Russian Parterre. 2. History
of Latin Christianity. 3. Our Lady of Mont-
serrat. 4. Memorials of Amelia Opie. 5. Man-
sion of the Dennis Family at Pucklechurch,
witli an Illustration. 6. The Revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. Correspondence of Sylvanus
Urban : A Plea for the threatened City
Churches — The British Museum Library —
The late Master of Sherburn Hospital — Ori-
ginal Letter and Anecdotes of Admiral
Vernon, &c. With Notes of the Month, His-
torical and Miscellaneous Reviews, Reports of
Antiquarian and Literary Societies, Historical
Chronicle, and Obituar»y, including Memoirs
of the Duke of Parma, the Marquis of Angle-
sey, the Earl of Lichfield, Lord Colborne, Lord
Cockburn, John Davies Gilbert, Esq., T. P.
Halsey, Esq., Alderman Thompson, Alderman
Hooper, Dr. Wardlaw, Dr. Collyer, Professors
Jamesou and Wilson, Montgomery the Poet,
&c. &c. Price 2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

HER MAJESTY'S CONCERT ROOMS,
HANOVER SQUARE.

THE ROYAL SOCIETY
op

rSMAlE XVEUSICIAXTS,

Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed
Members.

Patroness: Her Most Gracious Majesty the
Queen. Vice- Patronesses: Her Royal High-
ness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Cambridge.

On WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE If,
1854, will be performed, for the Benefit of this
Institution. A MISCELLANEOUS CON-
CERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music.

Vocal Performers — Miss Birch, Miss Dolby,
Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, Mrs. Noble,
and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame Persiani,
Madame Caradori, Madame Therese Tanda,
and Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni,
Mr. H. R. Allen, Mr. Lawler, and Signor Bel-
lctti.

In the Cource of the Concert, the Gentlemen
of the Abbey Glee Club will sing two fa-
vourite Glees.

Instrumentalists — Pianoforte, M. Emile Pru-
dent ; Violin, M. Remenyi ; Violoncello,
M. Van Gelder. Solo Violoncellist to His Ma-
jesty the King of Holland.

THE BAND will be comnlete in every De-
partment. — Conductor, Mr. W. Sterndaie
Bennett.

The Doors will be opened at Seven o'clock,
and the Concert will commence at Eight pre-
cisely.

Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved
Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary Sub-
scriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten
Guineas at One Payment (which shall be con-
sidered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to
Two Tickets of Admission, or One for a Re-
served Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by
the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will
be thankfully received, ana Tickets delivered,
by the Secretary,

MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield, St. ,
Scho ; and at all the Principal Music-sellers.

A N ENGLISH GENTLEMAN,

XI well acquainted with French and
German, and of some experience in translating,
is desirous of employing his leisure time in the
translation of some popular work from either
of those languages into English.

Address, MR. BURTON. H. W. WHITE'S,
ESQ., Leutram House, Inverness.

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER
ALE. - MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Dude Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS" written across it.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish rf

~ ill, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the Wert, in tlie

St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geoboe Bem

City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid — Saturday, June 3. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 241.]

Saturday, June 10. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

i Stamped Edition, get.

CONTENTS.

Xotes : — Page

Stone Pillar Worship - - - 535

Somersetshire Folk Lore - - 536

Irish Records, by James F. Ferguson - 536
Derivation of Curious Botanic Names,
and Ancient Italian Kalydor, by
Dr. Hughes Fraser Halle - - 537

Minor Notes: _ Forensic Jocularities

— Ridley's University— Marvellous, if
true— Progress of the War — Hather-
leigh Moor, Devonshire— Cromwellian
Gloves -RestaU - - - 538

Queries : —
Sepulchral Monuments - 539

"EsTu Scolaiis" - - -540

On a Digest of Critical Readings in

Shakspeare, by J. O. Halliwell - 540

Minor Queries: — "Original Poems"

— A Bristol Compliment — French or
Flemish Arms—Precedence— " s^uSi; "

— Print of the Dublin Volunteers —
John Ogden — Columbarium in a
Church Tower — George Herbert —
Apparition which preceded the Fire of
London— Holy Thursday Rain-water

— Freemasonry - 541

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Lewis's "Memoirs of the Duke of
Gloucester" — Apocryphal Works —
Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouche —
*' The Turks in Europe," and " Austria
as It Is " _ " Forgive, blest Shade "
_ " Oft' with his head," &c. — " Peter
Wilkins " — The Barmecides' Feast

— Captain .... 542

Replies : —
Coleridge's unpublished Manuscripts, by

Joseph Henry Green - 543

King James's Irish Army List, 1689 - 544

Barren's Regiment ... 545

Clay Tobacco-pipes, by W. J. Bernhard

Smith - - - - - 546

Madame de Stael •'«"•• 546

Cranmer's Martyrdom - 547

Photographic Correspondence :

Difficulties in making soluble Cotton

— Light in Cameras — Cameras Pro-
gress of Photography — A Collodion
Difficulty— Ferrieyanide of Potassium 548

Replies to Minor Queries : — Postage
System of the Romans — Epigram on
the Feuds between Handel and Bo-
noncini— Power of prophesying before
Death — King John — Demoniacal
Descent of the Plantagenets — Burial
Service Tradition — Paintings of our
Saviour — Widdrington Family —
Mathew, a Cornish Family—" Dittk,"
unde deriv. — Author of " The Whole
Duty of Man " — Table-turning _
Pedigree to the Time of Alfred _
Quotation wanted — " Hie locus odit,
amat " — Writings of the Martyr Brad-
ford — Latin Inscription on Lindsey
Court-house — Blanco White's Sonnet
— " Wise men labour," &c— Copernicus
_ Meals, Meols — Byron and Roche-
foucauld — Robert Eden — Dates of
Maps _ Miss Elstob — Corporation En-
actments, &c. - - - - 549
Miscellaneous : —
Notes on Books, &c. - - - 554
Books and Odd Volumes Wanted - 554
Wotices to Correspondents - - 655

Multse terricolis linguae, coclestibus una.

SAMUEL BAGSTER
AND SONS'

GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent
Free by Post. It contains Lists of
Quarto Family Bibles ; Ancient
English Translations ; Manuscript-
notes Bibles ; Polyglot Bibles in erery variety
of Size and Combination of Language ; Pa-
rallel-passages Bibles ; Greek Critical and
other Testaments ; Polyglot Books of Common
Prayer ; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many
other Languages, in great variety ; Aids to the
Study of the Old Testament and of the New
Testament ; and Miscellaneous Biblical and
other Works. By Post Free.

London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS,
15. Paternoster Row.

HeWxi /x.tv 3-r/jTOif TXwrrai, fux 3'

ASavarciirir.

THE ORIGINAL QUAD-
RILLES, composed for the PIANO
FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE MERTON.
London : Published for the Proprietors and
may be had of C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond
Street ; and by Order of all Music Sellers.

PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.

THE ASTLEY COOPER PRIZE ESSAY
FOR 1853.

This Day, 8vo., with 64 Illustrations, 15s.

THE STRUCTURE AND

OF THE SPLEEN. By HENRY
R.S., Demonstrator of Anatomy at
St. George's Hospital.

QN TH1
USE 01
AY, F.R.S

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Just published, in fcap. 8vo., price 7s. 6d. cloth.

rpHE BOOK OF PSALMS IN

J ENGLISH VERSE, and in Measures
suited for Sacred Music. By EDWARD
CHURTON, M.A., Archdeacon of Cleveland.

JOHN HENRY PARKER,
Oxford and London.

Just published, in fcap. 8vo., price 6s. cloth.

T^HE WESTERN WORLD

1 REVISITED. By the REV. HENRY
CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of Figheldean ; Au-
thor of " America and the American Church,"
" Scotland and the Scottish Church," &c.
JOHN HENRY PARKER,
Oxford and London.

Vol. IX No. 241.

In 61mo., price, bound and clasped, Is. 6d.

THHE SERMON in the MOUNT.

1 Printed by C Whittingham, uniformly
with THE THUMB BIBLE from the Edition
of 1693 — which may still be had, price Is. 6d.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

A MERICAN BOOKS.— LOW,

XX. SON, & CO., as the Importers and Pub-
lishers of American Books in this Country,
have recently issued a detailed Catalogue of
their Stock in Theology, History, Travels,
Biography, Practical Science, I'iction, &c, a
Copy of which will be forwarded upon appli-
cation.

By arrangements with the American Pub-
lishers, all Works of known or anticipated
interest will in future be published by LOW
SON, & CO., simultaneously with their appear-
ance in America. Works not in stock ob-
tained within six weeks of order. Lists of
Importations forwarded regularly when de-
sire 1.

Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants
and Shippers, and the Trade, supplied on ad-
vantageous terms.

Small enclosures taken for weekly case to
the United States at a moderate charge.

TO LITERARY MEN. PUBLISHERS,
AND OTHERS.

MESSRS. HOPPER & CO.,
Record Agents, #rc., beg to inform the
Literary World, that they continue to under-
take Searches among, and Transcripts from,
the Public Records in the British Museum, or
other Collections. Ancient MSS. deciphered.
Translations from the Norman-French, Law-
Latin, and other Documents carefully executed.
Genealogies traced, and Wills consulted.
*** MSS. bought, sold, or valued.
4. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN
TOWN.

This Day, in One Large Volume, super-royal
8vo., price tl. 12s. 6rf. cloth lettered.

riYCLOP^EDIA BIBLIOGRA-

V^ PHICA : a Library Manual of Theo-
logical and General Literature, and Guide to
Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and
Literary Men, Analytical. Bibliographical, and
Biographical. By JAMES DARLING.

A PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and
Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of a
Postage Stamp.

London: JAMES DARLING. 81. Great
Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

Now ready, No. VII. (for May}, price 2s. 6o?.,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

LONGFELLOW, THE POET.
— There is a sweet song by this admired
writer just now much inquired after. It is
called "EXCELSIOR." This really sublime
effusion of the noet is charmingly wedded to
music by MISS M. LINDSAY. It is particu-
larly a song for the refined evening circle, and
is adorned with a capital illustration. It is
among the recent publications of the MESSRS.
ROBERT COCKS & CO., Her Majesty's
Music Publishers, of New Burlington Street.
— See The Observer, May 28, 1854.

534

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 241.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA-
ZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW
for JUNE, contains the following articles : —
1. Leaves from a Russian Parterre. 2. History
of Latin Christianity. 3. Our Lady of Mont-
serrat. 4. Meraorialsof Amelia Opie. 5. Man-
sion of the Dennis Family at Pucklechurch,
with an Illustration. 6. The Revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. Correspondence of Sylvanus
Urban : A Plea for the threatened City
Churches — The British Museum Library —
The late Master of Sherburn Hospital — Ori-
ginal Letter and Anecdotes of Admiral
Vernon, &c. "With Notes of the Month, His-
torical and Miscellaneous Reviews, Reports of
Antiquarian and Literary Societies, Historical
Clironicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs
of the Duke of Parma, the Marquis of Angle-
sey, the Earl of Lichfield, Lord Colborne.Lord
Cockburn, John Davies Gilbert, Esq., T. P.
Halsey, Esq., Alderman Thompson, Alderman
Hooper, Dr. Wardlaw, Dr. Collyer, Professors
Jameson and Wilson, Montgomery the Poet,
&c. &c. Price 2s. 6rf.
NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

This Day is published, price Is.

/CONSECRATION versus DE-

\J SECRATION. — An APPEAL to the
LORD BISHOP of LONDON against the
BILL for the DESTRUCTION of CITY
CHURCHES and the SALE of BURIAL
GROUNDS.

" I hate robbery for burnt-offering."

Isaiah lxi. 8.

J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament
Street ; J. H.PARKER, Oxford andLondon;
G. BELL, Fleet Street.

OVER THE WAVES WE
FLOAT. Duet by STEPHEN GLOVER,
Author of ""What are the Wild Waves
Saying?-' Words by J. E. CARPENTER,
ESQ. 2s. 6d.

" We cordially recommend it. There is a
rich strain of harmony flowing through the
whole of it. It is within easy compass of voice,"
&e. &c. — See the Slur/it Id Independent, May 27,
1854.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bur-
lington Street, Music Publishers to the
Queen.

This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5».

QYNONYMS OF THE NEW

O TESTAMENT : being the Substance of
a Course of Lectures addressed to the Theolo-
gical Students, King's College, London. By
RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D..
Professor of Divinity, King's College, and
Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of
Oxford.

Cambridge : MACMILLAN & CO.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,

West Strand.

Just published, with ten coloured Engravings,
price 5s.,

"YTOTES ON AQUATIC Mi-
ll CROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NA-
TURAL HISTORY, selected from the " Mi-
croscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRIT-
CHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp.720, plates 24, price 21s., or
coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSO-
RIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil,
containing Descriptions of every species. British
and Foreign, the methods of procuring and
viewing them, &c, illustrated bv numerous
Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD,
M.R.I.

" There is no work extant in which so much
valuable information concerning Infusoria
(Animalcules) can be found, and every Micro-
scopist should aud it to his library." — Silli-
man's Journal.

London : WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria
Lane.

GLASGOW CATHEDRAL.

Will be published on or about 15th June, with
Plan and Historical Notice,

FOUR VIEWS OF THE CA-
THEDRAL CHURCH OF GLASGOW,
drawn on Stone from Original Sketches, and

Erinted in the first style of Chromolithography
y MESSRS. N. J. HOLMES & CO., Glasgow.
Complete in Ornamental Wrapper, price One
Guinea.

London : MESSRS. HERING & REMING-
TON. Regent Street.
Glasgow: N. J. HOLMES & CO., Cochran
Street ; MORISON & KYLE, Queen Street.

DR. VAN OVEN. — On The
Decline of Life in Health and Disease.
Being an attempt to investigate the Causes of
Longevity and the best Means of attaining a
healthful Old Age. Cloth, 8vo., 10s. 6d.

" Old and young, the healthy and the in-
valid, may alike obtain useful practical hints
from Dr. Van Oven's book. His advice and
observations are marked by much experience
and good sense." — Literary Gazette.

" Good sense is the pervading characteristic
of the volume." — Spectator.

JOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho.

HER MAJESTY'S CONCERT ROOMS,
HANOVER SQUARE.

THE ROYAL SOCIETY

peesaxjE musicx-arcs,

Patroness: Her Most Gracious Majesty the
Queen. Vice- Patronesses: Her Royal High-
ness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Cambridge.

On WEDNFSDAY EVENING, JUNE 14,
1854, will be performed, for the Benefit of this
Institution. A MISCELLANEOUS CON-
CERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music.

Vocal Performers — Miss Eirch, Miss Dolby,
Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, Mrs. Noble,
and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame Persiani,
Madame Caraiiori, Madame Therese Tanda,
and Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni,
Mr. H. R. Allen, Mr. Lawler, and Signor Bel-
letti.

In the Course of the Concert, the Gentlemen
of the Abbey Glee Club will sing two fa-
vourite Glees.

Instrumentalists — Pianoforte, M. Emile Pru-
dent ; Violin, M. Remenyi ; Violoncello,
M. Van Gelder. Solo Violoncellist to His Ma-
jesty the King of Holland.

THE BAND will be complete in every De-
partment. — Conductor, Mr. W. Sterndale
Bennett.

The Doors will be opened at Seven o'Clock,
and the Concert will commence at Eight pre-
cisely.

Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved
Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary Sub-
scriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten
Guineas at ( )ne Payment (which shall be con-
sidered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to
Two Tickets of Admission, or One for a Re-
served Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by
the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will
be thankfully received, anil Tickets delivered,
by the Secretary,

MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St.,
Soho ; and at all the Principal Music-sellers.

pHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the

\J recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

Library of the late JOHN nOLMES, Esq., of
the British Museum, Framed Engravings, &c.

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON,
Auctioneers of Literary Property, will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room,
191. Piccadilly, on THURSDAY. June 15, the
LIBRARY of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq.,
of the Manuscript Department of the British
Museum, consisting chiefly of modern useful
Books in various Classes of Literature, Books
of Reference, privately printed Books, &c. :
also several framed Engravings, including the
popular Works of Sir D. Wilkie, engraved by
Raimbaeh and Burnet ; others by Sir R.
Strange, Woollett, Raphael Morghen, &c. ;.
Stothard's Canterbury Pilgrimage, nroof ; and
other Engravings, and inclosed Print Case, &c.

Catalogues may now be had, or will be sent
on Receipt of Two Stamps.

AN EXCEEDINGLY INTERESTING AND
RARE COLLECTION OF EARLY EN-
GLISH POETRY.

MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY
& JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers
of Literary Property and Works illustrative of
the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at
their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on
THURSDAY, June 29, and following Day, at
1 preciselv, a verv valuable and important
COLLECTION OF EARLY ENGLISH
POETRY, more particularly of the reigns of
Elizabeth. James I., and Charles I., from the
extensive library of an eminent collector, de-
ceased ; including many volumes of the greatest
rarity and interest, obtained from the principal

sales during the last 40 years May be viewed

two days previously, and Catalogues had ; if in
the Country, on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

THE PRINCIPAL PORTION of the very
VALUABLE, IMPORTANT, and exceed-
ingly CHOICE LIBRARY of J. D. GARD-
NER, Esq., extending over Eleven Days'
Sale.

MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY
& JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers
ot Literary Property and Works illustrative of
the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at
their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on
THURSDAY, July 6, and Ten following Days,
at 1 precisely eaeh Day, the principal POR-
TION of the very valuable and choice LI-
BRARY of J. D. GARDNER, ESQ., of Chat-
teris, Cambridgeshire, removed from his late
Residence, Bottisham Hall, near Newmarket.
The Collection comprises several of the first
and very rare editions of the Classics, forming
beautiful specimens of the typography of the
15th Century ; a very extensive assemblage of
the early typographical productions of this
country, comprising beautiful specimens from
the presses of Caxton. Maclinia, Pynson,
Wynkyn de Worde, and others, including a
most beautiful copy of Chaucer's Canterbury
Tales, printed by Wynkyn de Worde ; a rare
assemblage of the very early editions of the
Scriptures in English, including a remarkably
tine c py of the first edition, usually termed
Coverdale's Bible, complete with the exception
of two leaves, which are admirably supplied in
fac-simile by Harris, and may be considered as
unique, it having the original Map of the Holy
Land complete. Among other versions of the
Scripture may be mentioned the first edition
of the New Testament, by Tyndale. The
Library is also rich in early English theology,
history, and particularly so in the poetry of
the Elizabethan period, including many of the
rarest volumes that have oceuired for sale in
the Heber, Jolley, Utterson, and other collec-
tions. Also the first four folio editions of the
Works of Shakspeare, the copy of the first
edition being from the library of John Wilks,
Esq., the finest copy ever sold by public auc-
tion. Am- ng other important and valuable
Works in the collection, may be mentioned a re-
markably choice and very complete collection
of the Works of De Bry. Early Italian poetry
and general Italian literature form a feature
of the collection, many of them being first
editions and of considerable rarity. There are
also many other valuable books in general
literature, history, and topography.

Catalogues are now ready, and may be had
on application ; if in the Country, on the
Receipt of Twelve Postage Stamps.

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

535

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1854.

STONE PILLAR WORSHIP.

In Vol. v., p. 121. of "N. & Q.," there is an in-
teresting note on this subject by Sir J. Emerson
Tennent, which he concludes by observing that
" it would be an object of curious inquiry, if your
correspondents could ascertain whether this (the
superstitious veneration of the Irish people for such
stones) be the last remnant of pillar worship now
remaining in Europe." I am able to assure him
that it is not. The province of Brittany, in France,
is thickly studded with stone pillars, and the his-
tory and manners of its people teem with interest-
ing and very curious traces of the worship of them.
In fact, Brittany and Breton antiquities must form
the principal field of study for any one who would
investigate or treat the subject exhaustively.

A list of the principal of these pillars still re-
maining may be found in the note at p. 77. of the
first vol. of Manet's Histoire de la Petite Bretagne :
St. Malo, 1834. But abundant notices of them
will be met with in any of the numerous works on
the antiquities and topography of the province.
They are there known as " Menhirs," from the
Celtic maen, stone, and hirr, long; or "Peulvans,"
from peul, pillar, and maen (changed in composition
into vaeri), stone. See Essai sur les Antiquites du
Depai-tement du Morbihan, par J. Mahe, Vannes,
1825, where much curious information on the sub-
ject may be found. This writer, as well as the
Chevalier de Freminville, in his Monuments du
Morbihan, Brest, 1834, p. 16., thinks that these
menhirs, so abundant throughout Brittany, may be
distinguished into three classes : 1. Those intended
as sepulchral monuments ; 2. Those erected as
memorials of some great battle, or other such
national event ; and 3. Those intended to repre-
sent the Deity, and which were objects of worship.
I have little doubt that these gentlemen are correct
in the conclusions at which they have arrived in
this respect. But it is curious to find both of them
— men unquestionably of learning, and of widely
extended and varied reading — considering the
poems of Ossian as indisputably authentic, and
quoting from them largely as from unquestioned
documents of historic value.

The largest " menhir" known to be in existence
— if, indeed, it can still be said to be so — is that of
Locmariaker, a commune of the department of
Morbihan, a little to the south of Vannes. This
vast stone, before it was thrown down and broken
into four pieces — its present condition — was fifty-
eight French feet in length. Its form, when entire,
was that of a double cone, so that its largest
diameter was at about the middle of its length.
It has been calculated to weigh more than four

hundred thousand French pounds. In its imme-
diate neighbourhood is a very large specimen of
the "Dolmens," or druidical altars on which victims
were sacrificed.

As to the question when the worship of these stones
ceased, my own observations of the manners and
habits of the people there, some fifteen years since,
would lead me to say that it had not then ceased.
No doubt such an assertion would be indignantly
repelled by the clergy, and perhaps by many of the
peasantry themselves. The question, however, if
gone into, would become a subtle one, turning on
another, as to what is to be deemed worship. And
we all know that the tendency of unspiritual minds
to idolatry has led the priesthood of Rome to insti-
tute verbal distinctions on this point, which open
the door to very much that a plain unbiassed man
must deem rank polytheism. My knowledge of
the people in Italy enables me to affirm, with the
most perfect certainty, that not only the peasantry
very generally, but many persons much above that
rank, do, to all intents and purposes, and in the
fullest sense of the word, worship the Madonna,
and believe that there are several separate and
wholly distinct persons of that name. And that
this worship is often as wholly Pagan in its nature
as in its object, is curiously proved by the fact,
which brings us back again to Brittany, that in
many instances in that, province we find chapels
dedicated to "Notre Dame de la Joye," and "Notre
Dame deLiesse," which are all built on spots where,
as M. de Freminville says in his Antiquites du
Finisterre, p. 106., "the Celts worshipped a divinity
which united the attributes of Cybele and Venu3."
And Souvestre, in his Derniers Bretons, vol. i.
p. 264., tells us that there still exists near the town
of Treguier, a chapel dedicated to Notre Dame de
la Haine ; that it would be a mistake to suppose
that the people have ceased to believe in a deity of
hate, and that persons may still be seen skulking
thither to pray for the gratification of their hatred.

Sir J. Emerson Tennent quotes a passage from
Borlase, in which he says, speaking of this stone-
worship among the Cornish, a people of near kin
to the Armorican Bretons, that it might be traced
by the prohibitions of councils through the fifth and
sixth, and even into the seventh century. I find
a council, held at Nantes in 658, ordering that the
stones worshipped by the people shall be removed
and put away in places where their worshippers
cannot find them again ; a precaution which the
history of some of these stones in Brittany shows to
have been by no means superfluous. But the usage
may be traced by edicts seeking to restrain it to a
later period than this. For in the Capitulaires of
Charlemagne (Lib. x. tit. 64.), he commands that
the abuse of worshipping stones shall be abolished.

There can be no doubt, however, that this wor-
ship remained even avowedly to a very much more
recent period in Brittany. "It is well known,"

536

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

says De Freminville, in his Antiquites des Cotes-
du-Nord, p. 31., "that idolatry was still exercised
in the Isle of Ushant, and in many parishes of the
diocese of Vannes, in the seventeenth century.
And even at the present day," he adds, " how many
traces of it do we find in the superstitious beliefs
of our peasants ! "

Many of these notions still so prevalent in the
remoter districts of that remote province, seem
to point to nearly obliterated indications of a
connexion between these " peulvans" or pillar-
stones, and the zodiacal forms of worship, which the
Druids are known to have, more or less exoteri-
cally, practised. Thus it is believed in many
localities that a " menhir " in the neighbourhood
turns on its axis at midnight. (Mahe, Essai sur les
Antiq. du Morbihan, p. 229.) In other cases the
peasantry make a practice of specially visiting
them on the eve of St. John, i. e. at the summer
solstice.

Various other remnants of the ideas or practices
inculcated by the ancient faith may be traced in
usages and superstitions still prevalent, and, with-
out such a key to their explanation, meaningless.
With such difficulty did the new supplant the old
religion. Many curious illustrations may be found
in Brittany of the means adopted by the priests of
the new faith to steal, as it were, for their own
emblems the adoration which all their efforts were
ineffectual to turn from its ancient objects, in the
manner mentioned by the writer in the Archceologia,
cited by Sir J. E. Tennent in his Note. Thus we
find " menhirs" with crosses erected on their sum-
mits, and sculptured on their sides. See Notions
Historiques, etc- sur le Littoral du Departement des
C6tes-du-Nord, par M. Habasque : St.Brieuc, 1834,
vol. iii. p. 22.

In conclusion, I may observe that this worship
prevailed also in Spain — as, doubtless, throughout
Europe — inasmuch as we find the Eleventh and
Twelfth Councils of Toledo warning those who
offered worship to stones, that they were sacrificing
to devils. T. A. T.

Florence, March, 1854.

SOMERSETSHIRE FOLK LORE.

1. All texts heard in a church to be remem-
bered by the congregation, for they must be re-
peated at the day of judgment.

2. If the clock strikes while the text is being
given, a death may be expected in the parish.

3. A death in the parish during the Christmas
tyde, is a token of many deaths in the year. I
remember such a circumstance being spoken of in
a village of Somerset. Thirteen died in that year,
a very unusual number. Very many attributed
this great loss of life to the fact above stated.

4. When a corpse is laid out, a plate of salt is
laid on the chest. Why, I know not.

5. None can die comfortably under the cross-
beam of a house. I knew a man of whom it was
said at his death, that after many hours hard
dying, being removed from the position under the
cross-beam, he departed peaceably. I cannot ac-
count for the origin of this saying.

6. Ticks in the oak-beams of old houses, or
death-watches so called, warn the inhabitants of
that dwelling of some misfortune.

7. Coffin-rings, when dug out of a grave, are
worn to keep off the cramp.

8. Water from the font is good for ague and
rheumatism.

9. No moon, in its change, ought to be seen
through a window.

10. Turn your money on heai'ing the first
cuckoo.

11. The cattle low and kneel on Christmas eve.

12. Should a corpse be ever carried through
any path, &c, that path cannot be done away with.
For cases, see Wales, Somerset, Bampton, Devon.

13. On the highest mound of the hill above
Weston-super-Mare, is a heap of stones, to which
every fisherman in his daily walk to Sand Bay,
Kewstoke, contributes one towards his day's good
fishing.

14. Smothering hydrophobic patients is still
spoken of in Somerset as so practised.

15. Origin of the saying " I'll send you to
Jamaica." Did it not take its source from the
unjudge-like sentence of Judge Jeffries to those
who suffered without sufficient evidence, for their
friendly disposition towards the Duke of Mon-
mouth : " To be sent to the plantations

of Jamaica ? " Many innocent persons were so
cruelly treated in Somerset.

16. The nurse who brings the infant to be bap-
tized bestows upon the first person she meets on
her way to the church whatever bread and cheese
she can offer, i. e., according to the condition of
the parents.

17. In Devonshire it is thought unlucky not to
catch the first butterfly.

18. Mackerel not in season till the lesson of the
23rd and 24th of Numbers is read in church. I
cannot account for this saying. A better autho-
rity could have been laid down for the remember-
ing of such like incidents. You may almost form
a notion yourself without any help. The common
saying is, Mackerel is in season when Balaam's ass
speaks in church. M. A. Balliol.

IRISH RECORDS.

It not unfrequently happens that ancient deeds
and such like instruments executed in England,
and relating to English families or property, are

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

537

to be found on record upon the rolls of Ireland.
The following transcripts have been taken from
the Memoranda Roll of the Irish Exchequer of
the first year of Edward II. :

" Noverint universi me Johannem de Doveria Rec-
torem Ecclesie de Litlington Lyncolnensis Dyocesis
recepisse in Hibernia nomine domini Roberti de Bar-
delby clerici subscriptas particulas pecunie per manus
subscriptorutn, videlicet, per manus Johannis de Ides-
sale dimid' marc'. Item per manus Thome de Kancia
5 marc'. Item per manus Ade Coffyn 2 marc'. Item
per manus mercatorum Friscobaldorum 10 libri una
vice et alia vice per manus eorundem mercatorum 100*,
fratre Andr' de Donscapel de ordine minorum medi-
ante. Item per manus Johannis de Seleby 29*. Item
de eodem Johanne alia vice 2 marc' et dimid'. Item
per manus ejusdem Johannis tertia vice tres marc' et
dimid'. Item per dominum Willielmum de Estden
per manus Ricardi de Onyng 100*. Et per manus
domini Johannis de Hothom pro negociis domini Wal-
teri de la Haye centum solid? De quibus particulis
pecunie memorate predietum dominum Robertum de
Bardelby et ejus executores quoscumque per presentes
quieto imperpetuum. Ita tamen quod si alia littera
acquietancie ab ista littera de dictis particulis pecunie
inveniatur de cetero alicubi pro nulla cassa cancellata
irrita et majus imperpetuum habeatur. In cujus rei
testimonium sigillum. meum presentibus apposui.
Datum apud Dublin', 28 die February, anno regni
regis Edwardi primo." — Rot. Mem. 1 Edw. II. m. 12.
dorso.

" A toutz ceaux q' ceste p'sente l're verrount ou or-
rount Rauf de Mounthermer salutz en Dieu — Sachez
nous avoir ordeine estably e assigne 'n're foial et loial
Mons' Waut' Bluet e dan Waut' de la More, ou lun de
eaux, si ambedeux estre ne point, de vendre e n're p'fit
fere de totes les gardes e mariages es parties Dirlaunde
q' escheierent en n're temps, e de totes autres choses q' a
nous apartenet de droit en celes p'ties, e q°unque eaux
ferount pr n're prou, co'me est susdit, teignoms apaez
e ferme e estable lavoms. En tesmoigne de quele chose
a ceste n're l're patente avoms mys n're seal. Don' a
Tacstede le qu't jour de Octobr Ian du regne le Rey
Edward p'mer." — Rot. Mem. 1 Edw. II. m. 17.

" Rogerus Calkeyn de Gothurste salutem in Domino
Sempiternam. Noveritis me remisisse et quietum cla-
masse pro me et heredibus meis Johanni de Yaneworth
heredibus suis et assignatis, totum jus et clameii quod
habui vel aliquo modo habere potui, in tenemento de
Gothurste in dominio de Cheddeworth. Ita quod nee
ego nee heredes mei nee aliquis nomine nostro, aliquid
juris vel clamei in praedicto tenemento habere vendicare
poterimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium
huic presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis
testibus, Magistro Waltero de Istelep tunc Barone
domini Regis de Scaecario Dublin', Thoma de Yane-
worth, Rogero de Glen, Roberto de Bristoll, Roberto
scriptore, et aliis." — Rot. Mem. 1 Edw. II. m. 30.

James F. Ferguson.
Dublin.

DERIVATION OF CURIOUS BOTANIC NAMES, AND
ANCIENT ITALIAN KALYDOR.

The generic name of the fern Ceterach qffi-
cinarum is generally said to be derived from the
Arabic Chetherak. I find however, among a list
of ancient British names of plants, published in
1633 at the end of Johnson's edition of Gerard,
the expression cedor y wrach, which means the
joined or double rake, and is exactly significant of
the form of the Ceterach. The Fernrakes are
joined as it were back to back ; but the single
prongs of the one alternate botanically with those
of the other. Master Robert Dauyes, of Guis-
saney in Flintshire, the correspondent of John-
son, gives the name of another of the Filices
(Equisetum) as the English equivalent of the
ancient British term. But the form of this plant
does not at all correspond to that signified by the
Celtic words. It is not improbable, therefore,
that he was wrong as respects the correct English
name of the plant.

The Turkish shetr or chetr, to cut, and warak, a
leaf, seem to point out the meaning of the Arabic
term quoted in Hooker's Flora and elsewhere.
Probably some of your Oriental readers will have
the kindness to supply the exact English for che-
therak.

It appears to me, however, that the transition
from ceclorwrach to ceterach is more easy, and is a
more probable derivation.

Hooker and Loudon say that another generic
name, Veronica, is of doubtful origin. In the
Arabic language I find virunika as the name of a
plant. This word is evidently composed of nikoo,
beautiful, and viroo, remembrance ; viroonika
therefore means beautiful remembrance, and is
but an Oriental name for a Forget-me-not, for
which flower the Veronica chamcedrys has often
been mistaken. Possibly the name may have
come to us from the Spanish- Arabian vocabulary.
The Spaniards call the same plant veronica. They
use this word to signify the representation of our
Saviour's face on a handkerchief. When Christ
was bearing his cross, a young woman, the legend
says, wiped his face with her handkerchief, which
thenceforth retained the divine likeness.*

The feminine name Veronica is of course the
Latin form of <pepovlK-n, victory-bearer (of which
Berenice is the Macedonian and Latin construc-
tion), and is plainly, thus derived, inappropriate
as the designation of a little azure wild flower
which, like loving eyes, greets us everywhere.

In looking over Martin Mathee's notes on Dios-
corides, published 1553, I find that Italian women
of his time used to make a cosmetic of the root of
the Arum, commonly called " Lords and Ladies."
The mixture, he says, makes the skin wondrously

[* Se < « N. & Q.," Vol. vi., pp. 199. 252. 304.]

538

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

white and shining, and is called gersa. (" lis font
des racines oVAron de Veaue et de lexive," &c, torn. v.
p. 98.) Hughes Fraser Halle, LL.D.

South Lambeth.

Forensic Jocularities. — The epigram on "Four
Lawyers," given in Vol. ix., p. 103. of "N. & Q.,"
has recalled to my recollection one intended to
characterise four worthies of the past generation,
which I heard some thirty years since, and which
I send for preservation among other flies in your
amber. It is supposed to record the history of a
case :

" Mr. Leech
Made a speech,
Neat, concise, and strong ;
Mr. Hart,
On the other part,
Was wordy, dull, and wrong.
Mr. Parker
Made it darker ;
'Twas dark enough without.
Mr. Cooke,
Cited his book ;
And the Chancellor said — I doubt."

— a picture of Chancery practice in the days
" when George III. was king," which some future
Macaulay of the twenty-first or twenty-second
century, when seeking to reproduce in his vivid
pages the form and pressure of the time, may cite
from U N. & Q." without risk of leading his readers
to any very inaccurate conclusions. T. A. T.

Florence.

Ridley's University. — The author of The
Bible in many Tongues (a little work on the
history of the Bible and its translations, lately
published by the Religious Tract Society, and
calculated to be useful), informs us that Ridley
" tells us incidentally," in his farewell letter, that
he learned nearly the whole of St. Paul's Epistles
" in the course of his solitary walks at Oxford."
What Ridley tells us directly in his "Farewell"
to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, is as follows :

" In my orchard (the walls, butts, and trees, if
they could speak, would bear me witness) I learned
without book almost all Paul's Epistles ; yea, and I
ween all the canonical epistles, save only the Apoca-
lypse."

Abhba.

Marvellous, if true. —

" This same Due de Lauragnois had a wife to whom
he was tenderly attached. She died of consumption.
Her remains were not interred ; but were, by some
chemical process, reduced to a sort of small stone,
which was set in a ring which the Duke always wore
on his finger. After this, who will say that the

eighteenth century was not a romantic age?" — Memoirs
of the Empress Josephine, vol. ii. p. 162. : London, 1829.

E. H. A.

Progress of the War. — One is reminded at the
present time of the satirical verses with reference
to the slow progress of business in the National
Assembly at the first French Revolution, which
were as follows :

" Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,
Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, midi ;
Allons-nous diner, mes amis !
Allons-nous," &c.

" Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,
Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, minuit ;
Allons-nous coucher, e'est mon avis !
Allons-nous coucher," &c.

Which may be thus imitated in our language :

" One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,
Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,
Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven o'clock, noon ;
Let's go to dinner, 'tis none too soon !
Let's go to dinner," &c.

" One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,
Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,
Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven, midnight ;
Let's go to bed, 'tis all very right !
Let's go to bed," &c.

F. C. H.

Hatherleigh Moor, Devonshire. — I copy the
following from an old Devonshire newspaper, and
should be obliged if any of your correspondents
can authenticate the circumstances commemo-
rated :

" When John O'Gaunt laid the foundation stone

Of the church he built by the river ;
Then Hatherleigh was poor as Hatherleigh Moor,

And so it had been for ever and ever.
When John O'Gaunt saw the people were poor,

He taught them this chaunt by the river ;
The people are poor as Hatherleigh Moor,

And so they have been for ever and ever.
When John O'Gaunt he made his last will,

Which he penn'd by the side of the river,
Then Hatherleigh Moor he gave to the poor,

And so it shall be for ever and ever."

The above lines are stated to have been found
" written in an ancient hand." Balliolensis.

Cromwellian Gloves. — The Cambridge ChrO'
nicle of May 6, says that there is in the possession
of Mr. Chas. Martin, of Fordham, a pair of gloves,
reputed to have been worn by Oliver Cromwell.
They are made of strong beaver, richly fringed
with heavy drab silk fringe, and reach half way
between the wrist and the elbow. They were for
a long time in the possession of a family at Hun-
tingdon. There is an inscription on the inside,
bearing the name of Cromwell ; but the date is
nearly obliterated. P. J. F. Gantillon.

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

539

Restatt. — In the curious old church book of the
Abbey Parish, Shrewsbury, the word restall occurs
as connected with burials in the interior of the
church. I cannot find this word in any dictionary
to which I have access. Can the readers of " N.
& Q." explain its meaning and origin, and supply
instances and illustrations of its use elsewhere ? I
subjoin the following notes of entries in which the
word occurs :

" 1566. Received for restall and knyll.
1577. Received for buryalls in the church, viz.

Itm. for a restall of Jane Powell for her grad
mother, vijs. viijd"

1593. The word is now altered to "lastiall," and
so continues to be written till April 29, 1621,
when it is written " restiall," which continues to
be its orthography until 1645, when it ceases to
be used altogether, and " burials in the church "
are alone spoken of. Prior Robert of Salop.

dHuttiti.

SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.

(Continued from p. 514.)

In a previous communication, fighting under
the shield of a great authority, I attempted to
prove that the effigies of the mediaeval tombs pre-
sented the semblance of death — death in gran-
deur, mortality as the populace were accustomed
to behold it, paraded in sad procession through
the streets, and dignified in their temples. The
character of the costume bears additional testi-
mony to their supposed origin, and strongly war-
rants this conclusion. It is highly improbable that
the statuaries of that age would clothe the expir-
ing ecclesiastic in his sacerdotal robes, case the
dying warrior in complete steel, and deck out
other languishing mortals in their richest apparel,
placing a lion or a dog, and such like crests or
emblems, beneath their feet. They were far too
matter-of-fact to treat a death-bed scene so poet-
ically. The corpse however, when laid in state,
was arrayed in the official or the worthiest dress,
and these heraldic appurtenances did occupy that
situation. Thus in 1852 were the veritable re-
mains of Prince Paul of Wurtemburg, in full
regimentals and decorated with honours, publicly
exhibited in the Chapelle Ardente at Paris (Il-
lustrated London News, vol. xx. p. 316.). Un-
imaginative critics exclaim loudly against the
anomaly of a lifeless body, or a dying Christian,
being thus dressed in finery, or covered with
cumbrous armour ; and such would have been the
case in former days had not the people been so
familiarised with this solemn spectacle. In an
illumination in Froissart we have the funeral of
Richard II., where the body is placed upon a
simple car attired in regal robes, a crown being

on the head, and the arms crossed. We are in-
formed that " the body of the effigies of Oliver
Cromwell lay upon a bed of state covered with a
large pall of black velvet, and that at the feet of
the effigies stood his crest, according to the custom
of ancient monuments." The chronicler might,
perhaps, have said with more propriety " in ac-
cordance with tradition ; " cause and effect,
original and copy, being here reversed.

" In a magnificent manner (he proceeds) the effigies
was carried to the east end of Westminster Abbey, and
placed in a noble structure, which was raised on purpose
to receive it. It remained some time exposed to
public view, the corpse having been some days before
interred in Henry VII. 's Chapel." ,

In the account of the funeral obsequies of
General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, in 1670, the
writer says :

" Wren has acquitted himself so well, that the
hearse, now that the effigy has been placed upon it,
and surrounded by the banners and bannerols, is a
striking and conspicuous object in the old abbey. It
is supported by four great pillars, and rises in the
centre in the shape of a dome."

It is here also worthy of note, that Horncastle
Church affords a curious example of the principle
of a double representation — one in life, and the
other in death ; before alluded to in the Italian
monuments, and in that of Aylmer de Valence.
On a mural brass (1519), Sir Lionel Dymock
kneels in the act of prayer ; and on another plate
covering the grave below, the body is delineated
wrapt in a shroud — beyond all controversy dead.

Mr. Markland, in his useful work, mentions
" the steel-clad sires, and mothers mild reposing
on their marble tombs;" and borrows from ano-
ther archaeologist an admirable description of the
chapel of Edward the Confessor, who declares that
"a more august spectacle can hardly be con-
ceived, so many renowned sovereigns sleeping
round the shrine of an older sovereign, the holiest
of his line." It can only be the sleep of death,
and this the sentiment conveyed : " These all died
in faith." The subjects of this disquisition are
not lounging in disrespectful supplication, nor
wrapt in sleep enjoying pious dreams, nor stretched
on a bed of mortal sickness : but the soul, having
winged its way from sin and suffering, has left its
tenement with the beams of hope yet lingering on
the face, and the holy hands still refusing to relax
their final effort. Impossible as this may seem to
calculating minds, it is nevertheless one of the
commonest of the authorised and customary modes
designed to signify the faith, penitence, and peace
attendant on a happy end. C. T.

540

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

" JES TU SCOLARIS."

Allow me through your pages to ask some of
your correspondents for information respecting an
old and very curious book, which I picked up the
other day. It is a thin unpaged octavo of twelve
leaves, m black-letter type, without printer's
name or date ; but a pencil-note at the bottom
of a quaint woodcut, representing a teacher and
scholars, gives a date 1470 ! And in style of
type, abbreviations, &c, it seems evidently of
about the same age with another book which I
bought at the same time, and which bears date as
printed at " Padua, 1484."

The book about which I inquire bears the title
Es tu Scolaris, and is a Latin- German or Dutch
grammar, of a most curious and primitive cha-
racter, proving very manifestly that when William
Lilly gave to the world the old Powles Grammar,
it was not before such a work was needed. A few
extracts from my book will give some idea of
the erudition and etymological profundity of the
" learned Theban " who compiled this guide to the
Temple of Learning, which, if they do not instruct,
will certainly amuse your readers. I should pre-
mise that the contractions and abbreviations in
the printing of the book are so numerous and
arbitrary, that it is extremely difficult to read,
and that this style of printing condenses the
subject-matter so much, that the twelve leaves
would, in modern typography, extend to twenty
or thirty. The book commences in the interro-
gatory style, in the words of its title, Es tu Sco-
laris ? — " Sum" It then proceeds to ring the
changes on this word " sum" what part of speech,
what kind of verb, &c. ; and setting it down as
verbum anormalium, goes on to enumerate the
anormalous verbs in this verse, —

" Sum, volo, fero, atque edo,
Tot et anormala credo."

Now begins the curious lore of the volume :
" Q. Uncle derivatur sum ?
A. Derivatur a greca dictione, hemi (e^O ; mutando
h in s et e in u, et deponendo i, sic habes sum ! "

I dare say this process of derivation will be new
to your classical readers, but as we proceed, they
will say, " Foregad this is more exquisite fooling
still."

" Q. Unde derivatur volo ?
A. Derivatur a beniamin (sic pro f3ov\ofj.cu) grece ;
mutando ben in vo et iamin in lo, sic habes volo. Versus

Est volo formatum

A beniamin, bene vocatum.

Q. Unde derivatur fero ?

A. Dicitur a phoos ! grece ; mutando pho in ft et
os in to, sic habes fero !

Q. Unde derivatur edo ?

A. A phagin, grece ; mutando pha in e et gin in
do, sic habes edo ! "

Here be news for etymologists, and proofs,
moreover, that when some of the zealous an-
tagonists of Martin Luther in the next century
denounced " Heathen Greek " as a diabolical in-
vention of his, there was little in the grammar
knowledge of the day to contradict the accusation.

But we have not yet exhausted the wonders and
virtues of the word sum ; the grammar lesson goes
on to ask, —

" Q. Quare sum non desinit in o nee in or ?

A. Ad habendum, dfnam* [I cannot expand this
contraction, though from the context it means a mark
or token], dignitatis sue respectu aliorum verborum.

Q. Declara hoc, et quomodo ?

A. Quia per sum intelligitur Trinitas, cum tres
habeat litteras, scl. s. u. et m. Etiam illud verbum
sum, quamvis de omnibus dici valeat, tamen de Deo
et Trinitate proprie dicitur.

Q. Quare sum potius terminatur in m quam in n ?

A. Quia proprie m rursus intelligitur Trinitas,
cum ilia littera m, tria habet puncta."

I shall feel much obliged for any particulars
about this literary curiosity which you or any of
your correspondents can give. A. B. B.

Belmont.

ON A DIGEST OF CKITICAL HEADINGS IN
SHAKSPEARE.

With reference to this subject, which has been
so frequently discussed in your columns, daily
experience convincing me still farther in the opi-
nion that the complete performance of the task is
impracticable, would you kindly allow me to ask
what can be done in the now acknowledged case
of frequent occurrence, where different copies of
the folios and quartos vary in passages in the very
same impression ? What copies are to be taken
as the groundworks of reference ; and whose copy
of the first folio is to be the standard one ? Mr.
Knight may give one reading as that of the edi-
tion of 1623, and Mr. Singer may offer another
from the same work, while the author of the "cri-
tical digest" may give a third, and all of them
correct in the mere fact that such readings are
really those of the first edition. Thus, in respect
to a passage in Measure for Measure, —

" For thy own bowels, which do call thee sire," —

it has been stated in your columns that one copy
of the second folio has this correct reading, where-
as every copy I have met with reads fire ; and so
likewise the first and third folios. Then, again,
in reference to this same line, Mr. Collier, in his
Shakspeare, vol. ii. p. 48., says that the folio edi-
tion of 1685 also reads fire for sire; but in my
copy of the fourth folio it is distinctly printed
sire, and the comma before the word very pro-

[* Drnam stands for difFerentiam.]

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

541

perly omitted. It would be curious to ascertain
whether any other copies of this folio readme.

J. O. Halliwell.

fflinav caum'ea.

" Original Poems." — There is a volume of
poetry by a lady, published under the following
title, Original Poems, on several occasions, by
C. R., 4to., 1769. Can you inform me whether
these poems are likely to have been written by
Miss Clara Reeve, authoress of The Old English
Baron, and other novels ? I have seen at least
one specimen of this lady's poetry in one of the
volumes of Mr. Pratt's Gleaner. Sigma.

A Bristol Compliment. — A present made of an
article that you do not care about keeping your-
self is called " A Bristol Compliment." What is
the origin of the phrase ?

Hatjghmomd St. Clair.

French or Flemish Arms. — What family (pro-
bably French or Flemish) bears Azure, in chief
three mullets argent; in point a ducal coronet
or ; in base a sheep proper crowned with a ducal
coronet or. Penn.

Precedence. — Will any of your correspondents
assign the order of precedence of officers in army
or navy (having no decoration, knighthood, or
companionship of any order of knighthood), not
as respects each other, but as respects civilians ?
I apprehend that every commission is addressed
to the bearer, embodying a civil title, as e.g., "John
Smith, Esquire," or as we see ensigns gazetted,
" A. B., Gent." My impression therefore is, that
in a mixed company of civilians, &c, no officer is
entitled to take rank higher than the civil title in-
corporated in his commission would imply, apart
from his grade in the service to which he belongs.
On this point I should be obliged by any notices
which your correspondents may supply ; as also
by a classification in order of precedence of the
ranks which I here set down alphabetically :
barristers, doctors (in divinity, law, medicine),
esquires, queen's counsel, serjeants-at-law.

It may be objected that esquire, ecuyer, ar-
miger, is originally a military title, but by usage
it has been appropriated to civilians.

Suum Ctjiqtje.

"2#i5tj." — The meaning of this word is wanted.
It is not in Stephens' Thesaurus. It occurs in
Eichhoflf's Vergleichung der Sprachen Europa und
Indien, p. 234. :

" Sanscrit bhid, schneiden, brechen ; Gr. <pd£co ; Lat.
fido, findo, fodio; Fr. fends ; Lithuan., fouis; Deut.
beisse ; Eng. bite" [to which Kaltschmidt adds, beissen,
speisen, fasten, Futter, Butter, Mund, bitter, masten,
feist, Weide, Wiese, Matte] ; " Sans, bhida, bhid, Spal-

tung, Faser; Gr. ffQiS-fi, Lat. fidis; Sans, bhittis,
graben ; Lat. fossa ; Sans, bhaittar, zerschneider ; Lat.
fossor."

T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.

Print of the Dublin Volunteers. — Can any of
your correspondents inform me when, and where,
and by whom, the well-known print of " The
Volunteers of the City and County of Dublin, as
they met on College Green, the 4th day of Nov.,
1779," was republished? An original copy is not
easily procured. Abhba.

John Ogden. — Can any reader of " ST. & Q."
furnish an account of the services rendered by
John Ogden, Esq., to King Charles I. of England ?
The following is in the possession of the inquirer :

" Ogden's Arms, granted to John Ogden, Esq., by-
King Charles II., for his faithful services to his un-
fortunate father, Charles I.

" Shield, Girony of eight pieces, argent and gules; in
dexter chief an oak branch, fructed ppr.

" Crest, Oak tree ppr. Lion rampant against the
tree.

" Motto, Et si ostendo, non jacto."

Oakden.

Columbarium in a Church Tower. — At Colling-
bourne Ducis, near Marlborough, I have been
told that the interior of the church tower was con-
structed originally to serve as a columbarium.
Can this really be the object of the peculiar ma-
sonry, what is the date of the tower, and can a
similar instance be adduced ? It is said that the
niches are not formed merely by the omission of
stones, but that they have been carefully widened
from the opening. Are there any ledges for birds
to alight on, or any peculiar openings by which
they might enter the tower ? J. W. Hewett.

George Herbert. — Will any one of your corre-
spondents, skilled in solving enigmas, kindly give
me an exposition of this short poem of George
Herbert's ? It is entitled —

" Hope.

" I gave to Hope a watch of mine ; but he

An anchor gave to me.
Then an old prayer-book I did present,

And he an optic sent.
With that, I gave a phial full of tears ;

But he a few green ears.
Ah, loiterer ! I'll no more, no more I'll bring ;

I did expect a ring."

G. D.

Apparition which preceded the Fire of London. —
An account of the apparition which predicted the
Great Fire of London two months before it took
place, or a reference to the book in which it may
be found, will oblige Ignipettjs.

542

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 241.

Holy Thursday Rain-water. — In the parish of
Marston St. Lawrence, Northamptonshire, there
is a notion very prevalent, that rain-water col-
lected on Holy Thursday is of powerful efficacy
in all diseases of the eye. Ascension-day of the
present year was very favourable in this respect
to these village oculists, and numbers of the cot-
tagers might be seen in all directions collecting
the precious drops as they fell. Is it known whe-
ther this curious custom prevails elsewhere ? and
what is supposed to be the origin of it ? Anon.

Freemasonry. — A (Hamburg) paper, Der
FreiscMtz, brings in its No. 27. the following :

" The great English Lodge of this town will initiate
in a few days two deaf and dumb persons ; a very rare
occurrence."
And says farther in No. 31. :

" With reference to our notice in No. 27., we farther
learned that on the 4th of March, two brethren, one
of them deaf and dumb, have been initiated in the
great English Lodge ; the knowledge of the language,
without its pronunciation, has been cultivated by them
to a remarkable degree, so that with noting the motion
of the lips they do not miss a single word. The cere-
mony of initiation was the most affecting for all
present."

Query 1. Would deaf and dumb persons in
England be eligible as members of the order?
2. Have similar cases to the above ever occurred
in this country ? J. W. S. D. 874.

j^ttrmr <auerta» fot'tfj ®n£fo«tf.

Lewis's " Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester." —■
Can you inform me who was the editor of

" Memoirs of Prince William Henry, Duke of
Gloucester, from his birth, July the 24th, 1689, to
October 1697 : from an original Tract written by
Jenkin Lewis. Printed for the Editor, and sold by
Messrs. Payne, &c, London : and Messrs. Prince &
Cooke, and J. Fletcher, Oxford, 1789."

In a rare copy of this volume now before me, it
is attributed by a pencil-note to the editorship of
Dr. Philip Hayes, who was organist of Magdalen
College Chapel, Oxford, from 1777 to 1797. I
should be glad to learn on what authority this
could be stated. I am anxious also to know the
names of any authors who have published books
respecting the life, reign, or times of King Wil-
liam III. ? J. R. B.

Oxford.

[Some of our readers will probably be able to
authenticate the editorship of Jenkin Lewis' Memoirs of
the Duke of Gloucester. The following works on the
reign of William III. may be consulted among others :
Walter Harris's History of the Reign of William III.,
fol., 1749 ; The History of the Prince of Orange, and the
Ancient History of Nassau, 8vo., 1688; An Historical

Account of the Memorable Actions of the Prince of Orange,
12mo., 1689; History of William III., 3 vols. 8vo.,
1702; Life of William III., ISmo., 1702; another,
8vo., 1 703 ; The History of the Life and Reign oj
William III., Dublin, 4 vols. 12mo., 1747; Vernon's
Letters of the Reign of William III., edited by G. P.
R. James, 3 vols. 8vo., 1841 ; Paul Grimbolt's Letters
of William III. and Louis XIV. Consult also Watt
and Lowndes' Bibliographical Dictionaries, art. Wil-
liam III. ; and Catalogue of the London Institution,
vol. i. p. 292.]

Apocryphal Works. — Can you inform me where
I can procure an English version of the Book of
Enoch, so often quoted by Mackay in his admir-
able work The Progress of the Human Intellect f
Also the Epistle of Barnabas, and the Spurious
Gospels ? W. S.

Cleveland Bridge, Bath.

[ The Book of Enoch, edited by Archbishop Laurence,
and printed at Oxford, has passed through several edi-
tions.— The Catholic Epistle of St. Barnabas is included
among Archbishop Wake's Genuine Epistles of the Apo-
stolical Fathers. — "The Spurious Gospels" will pro-
bably be found in The Apocryphal New Testament;
being all the Gospels, Epistles, and other Pieces now
extant, attributed in the first four Centuries to Jesus
Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, and not
included in the New Testament by its compilers r
London, 8vo., 1820; 2nd edition, 1821. Anonymous,
but edited by William Hone.]

Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouche. — Can any
of your correspondents tell me which are the best
Lives of three of the most remarkable men who
figured in the age of the French Revolution, viz.
Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouche ? If there are
English translations of these works ? and also if
there is any collection of the fierce philippics of
Mirabeau ? Kennedy McNab.

[Mirabeau left a natural son, Lucas Montigny, who
published Memoirs of Mirabeau, Biographical, Literary,
and Political, by Himself, his Uncle, and his adopted
Child, 4 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1S35.— Memoirs of C. M.
Talleyrand, 2 vols. 12mo., Lond., 1805. Also his Life,
4 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1834. — Memoirs of Joseph Fouche,
translated from the French, 2 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1825.]

" The Twks in Europe," and "Austria as It Is."
— I possess an 8vo. volume consisting of two ano-
nymous publications, which appeared in London
in 1828, one entitled The Establishment of the Turks
in Europe, an Historical Discourse, and the other
Austria as It Is, or Sketches of Continental Courts,
by an Eye-witness. Can you give me the names
of the authors ? Abhba.

[ The Turks in Europe is by Lord John Russell :
but the author of Austria as It Is, we cannot discover j
he was a native of the Austrian Empire.]

"Forgive, blest Shade"— Where were the lines,
commencing "Forgive, blest shade," first pub-

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

543

lished ? I believe it was upon a mural tablet on
the chancel wall of a small village church in
Dorsetshire (Wyke Regis) ; but I have seen it
quoted as from a monument in some church in
the Isle of Wight.

The tablet at Wyke, in Dorset, was erected
anonymously, in the night-time, upon the east end
of the chancel outer wall ; but whether they were
original, or copied from some prior monumental
inscription, I do not know, and should feel much
obliged could any of your readers inform me.

S. S. M.

[Snow, in his Sepulchral Gleanings, p. 44., notices
these lines on the tomb of Robert Scott, who died in
March, 1806, in Bethnal Green Churchyard. Prefixed
to them is the following line : " The grief of a fond
mother, and the disappointed hope of an indulgent
father." Our correspondent should have given the
date of the Wyke tablet.]

" Off with his head" Sfc. — Who was the author
of the often-quoted line —

" Off with his head ! so much for Buckingham ! "

which is not in Shakspeare's Richard III. ?

Uneda.
Philadelphia.

[Colley Cibber is the author of this line. It occurs
in The Tragical History of Richard III., altered from
Shakspeare, Act IV., near the end.]

" Peter Wilkins." — Who wrote this book ? and
when was it published ? Uneda.

Philadelphia.

[This work first appeared in 1750, and in its brief
title is comprised all that is known — all that the cu-
riosity of an inquisitive age can discover — of the
history of the work, and name and lineage of the
author. It is entitled The Life and Adventures of
Peter Wilkins, a Cornish Man. Taken from his own
Mouth, in his Passage to England, from off Cape Horn
in America, in the ship Hector. By R. S., a passenger
in the Hector; Lond. 1750, 2 vols. The dedication
is signed R. P. " To suppose the unknown author,"
remarks a writer in the Retrospective Review, vol. vii.
p. 121., "to have been insensible to, or careless about,
the fair fame to which a work, original in its conception,
and almost unique in purity, did justly entitle him, is
to suppose him to have been exempt from the influence
of that universal feeling, which is ever deepest in the
noblest bosoms ; the ardent desire of being long re-
membered after death — of shining bright in the eyes
of their cotemporaries, and, when their sun is set, of
leaving behind a train of glory in the heavens, for
posterity to contemplate with love and veneration."]

The Barmecides' Feast. — Can you tell me
where the story of the Barmecides and their
famed banquets is to be found ? J. D.

[In The Thousand and One Nights, commonly called
The Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Lane's edition,
chap. v. vol. i. p. 410. Consult also The Barmecides,

1778, by John Francis de la Harpe; and Moreri,
Dictionnaire Historique, art. Barmecides.]

Captain. — I shall feel greatly obliged by your
informing me the proper and customary manner of
rendering in a Latin epitaph the words " Captain
of the 29th Regiment." Ainsworth does not give
any word which appears to answer to " Captain."
Ordinum ductor is cumbrous and inelegant.

Glericcs.

[The words, " Captain of the 29th Regiment," may
be thus rendered into Latin : " Centurio sive Capitanus
vicesima? nonas cohortis." The word capitanus, though
not Ciceronian, was in general use for a military cap-
tain during the Middle Ages, as appears from Du
Cange's Glossary : " Item vos armati et congregati
quendam de vobis in capitaneum elegistis."]

&CpIt£g.

Coleridge's unpublished manuscripts.

(Vol. ix., p. 496.)

In an article contained in the Number of
"N. & Q." for May the 27th last, and signed
C. Mansfield Ingleby, an inconsiderate, not to
say a coarse attack has been made upon me, which
might have been spared had the writer sought a
private explanation of the matters upon which he
has founded his charge.

He asks, " How has Mr. Green discharged the
duties of his solemn trust ? Has he made any
attempt to give publicity to the Logic, the ' great
work' on Philosophy, the work on the Old and
New Testaments, to be called The Assertion of
Religion, or the History of Philosophy, all of which
are in his custody, and of which the first is, on the
testimony of Coleridge himself, a finished work ?
. . . . For the four works enumerated above,
Mr. Green is responsible."

Now, though, by the terms of Coleridge's will, I
do not hold myself "responsible" in the sense
which the writer attaches to the term, and though
I have acted throughout with the cognizance, and
I believe with the approbation of Coleridge's family,
yet I am willing, and shall now proceed to give
such explanations as an admirer of Coleridge's
writings may desire, or think he has a right to
expect.

Of the four works in question, the Logic — as
will be seen by turning to the passage in the Letters,
vol. ii. p. 150., to which the writer refers as "the
testimony of Coleridge himself" — is described as
nearly ready for the press, though as yet unfinished ;
and I apprehend it may be proved by reference to
Mr. Stutfield's notes, the gentleman to whom it is
there said they were dictated, and who possesses
the original copy, that the work never was finished.
Of the three parts mentioned as the components of

544

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

the work, the Criterion and Organon do not to my
knowledge exist ; and with regard to the other
parts of the manuscript, including the Canon, I
believe that I have exercised a sound discretion in
not publishing them in their present form and un-
finished state.

Of the alleged work on the Old and New Testa-
ments, to be called The Assertion of Religion, I
have no knowledge. There exist, doubtless, in
Coleridge's handwriting, many notes, detachedfrag-
ments and marginalia, which contain criticisms on
the Scriptures. Many of these have been pub-
lished, some have lost their interest by the recent
advances in biblical criticism, and some may here-
after appear ; though, as many of them were evi-
dently not intended for publication, they await a
final judgment with respect to the time, form, and
occasion of their appearance. But no work with
the title above stated, no work with any similar
object — except the Confessions of an Inquiring
Spirit — is, as far as I know, in existence.

The work to which I suppose the writer alludes
as the History of Philosophy, is in my possession.
It was presented to me by the late J. Hookham
Frere, and consists of notes, taken for him by an
eminent shorthand writer, of the course of lectures
delivered by Coleridge on that subject. Un-
fortunately, however, these notes are wholly unfit
for publication, as indeed may be inferred from
the fact, communicated to me by Coleridge, that
the person employed confessed after the first lec-
ture that he was unable to follow the lecturer in
consequence of becoming perplexed and delayed
by the novelty of thought and language, for which
he was wholly unprepared by the ordinary exer-
cise of his art. If this History of Philosophy is to
be published in an intelligible form, it will require
to be re-written; and I would willingly undertake
the task, had I not, in connexion with Coleridge's
views, other and more pressing objects to accom-
plish.

I come now to the fourth work, the "great
work" on Philosophy. Touching this the writer
quotes from one of Coleridge's letters :

" Of this work something more than a volume has
been dictated by me, so as to exist fit for the press."

I need not here ask whether the conclusion is
correct, that because " something more than a
volume" is fit for the press, I am therefore re-
sponsible for the whole work, of which the " some-
thing more than a volume " is a part ? But —
shaping my answer with reference to the real point
at issue — I have to state, for the information of
Coleridge's readers, that, although in the materials
for the volume there are introductions and inter-
calations on subjects of speculative interest, such as
to entitle them to appear in print, the main portion
of the work is a philosophical Cosmogony, which I
fear is scarcely adapted for scientific readers, or
corresponds to the requirements of modern science.

At all events, I do not hesitate to say that the com-
pletion of the whole would be requisite for the
intelligibility of the part which exists in manu-
script.

I leave it then to any candid person to decide
whether I should have acted wisely in risking its
committal to the press in its present shape. What-
ever may be, however, the opinion of others, I have
decided, according to my oWn conscientious con-
viction of the issue, against the experiment.

But should some farther explanation be expected
of me on this interesting topic, I will freely own
that, having enjoyed the high privilege of com-
munion with one of the most enlightened philoso-
phers of the age — and in accordance with his wishes
the responsibility rests with me, as far as my ability
extends, of completing his labours, — in pursuance
of this trust I have devoted more than the leisure
of a life to a work in which I hope to present the
philosophic views of my " great master " in a sys-
tematic form of unity — in a form which may best
concentrate to a focus and principle of unity the
light diffused in his writings, and which may again
reflect it on all departments of human knowledge,
so that truths may become intelligible in the one
light of Divine truth.

Meanwhile I can assure the friends and admirers
of Coleridge that nothing now exists in manuscript
which would add materially to the elucidation of
his philosophical doctrines ; and that in any farther
publication of his literary remains I shall be guided,
as I have been, by the duty which I owe to the
memory and fame of my revered teacher.

Joseph Henry Green.

Hadley.

KING JAMES'S IRISH ARMY EIST, 1689.

(Vol. ix., pp.30, 31. 401.)

I was much pleased at Mr. D'Alton's an-
nouncement of his work ; and I should have re-
sponded to it sooner, if I could have had any idea
that he did not possess King's State of the Pro-
testants in Ireland ; but his inquiry about Colonel
Sheldon, in Vol. ix., p. 401., shows that he has
not consulted that work, where (p. 341.) he will
find that Dominick Sheldon was " Lieutenant-
General of the Horse." But after the enumera-
tion of the General Staff, there follows a list of
the field officers of eight regiments of horse, seven
of dragoons, and fifty of infantry. In Tyrconnel's
regiment of horse, Dominick Sheldon appears as
lieutenant-colonel. This must have been, I sup-
pose, a Sheldon junior, son or nephew of the
lieutenant-general of horse. This reference to
King's work has suggested to me an idea which I
venture to suggest to Mr. D'Alton as a prelimi-
nary to the larger work on Irish family genea-
logies which he is about, and for which we shall

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

545

have I fear to wait too long. I mean an imme-
diate reprint (in a separate shape) of the several
lists of gentlemen of both parties which are given
in King's work. This might be done with very
little trouble, and, I think, without any pecuniary
loss, if not with actual profit. It would be little
more than pamphlet size. The first and most im-
portant list would be of the names and designa-
tions of all the persons included in the acts of
attainder passed in King James's Irish Parliament
of May, 1689. They are, I think, about two
thousand names, with their residences and personal
designations ; and it is interesting to find that a
great many of the same families are still seated in
the same places. These names I think I should
place alphabetically in one list, with their designa-
tions and residences ; and any short notes that Mr.
D' Alton might think necessary to correct clerical
error, or explain doubtful names : longer notes
would perhaps lead too far into family history for
the limited object I propose.

In a second list, I would give the names of King
James's parliament, privy council, army, civil and
judicial departments, as we find them in King,
adding to them an alphabetical index of names.
The whole would then exhibit a synopsis of the
names, residences, and politics of a considerable
portion of the gentry of Ireland at that important
period. C.

BARBELLS BEGIMENT.

(Vol. ix., pp. 63. 159.)

Your correspondent H. B. C. is undoubtedly
correct in his statement that " Ten times a day
whip the Barrels," is a regimental parody on the
song " He that has the best Wife," sung in Charles
Coffey's musical farce of The Devil to Pay, pub-
lished in 1731. Popular songs have been made
the subject of political or personal parodies from
time immemorial ; and no more fruitful locality
for parodies can be found than a barrack, where
the individual traits of character are so fully de-
veloped, and afford so full a scope to the talents of
a satirist. Indeed, I knew an officer, who has
recently retired from the service, who seized on
every popular ballad, and parodied it, in con-
nexion with regimental affairs, to the delight of
his brother officers ; and in many instances his
parodies were far more witty than the original
comic songs whence they were taken.

As regards the regiment known as Barrell's, at
the period assigned as the date of the song relative
to that corps, i. e. circa 1747, there can be no
doubt as to what corps is alluded to. Barrell's
regiment, now the 4th, or King's Own, regiment
of infantry, is the only corps that was ever known
in the British army as Barrell's ; for although
Colonel William Barrell was colonel of the present

28th regiment from Sept. 27, 1715, to August 25,
1730, and of the present 22nd regiment from the
latter date to August 8, 1734, yet neither of these
regiments appears to have seen any war-service
during the periods that they were commanded by
him, or to have been known in military history as
Barrell's regiments. He was appointed to the 4th
regiment of infantry August 8, 1734, and retained
the command of that distinguished corps exactly
fifteen years, for he died August 9, 1749. While
he commanded the regiment it embarked for
Flanders, and served the campaign of 1744, under
Field- Marshal Wade. It remained in Flanders
until the rebellion broke out in Scotland, when it
returned to England, and marched from New-
castle-on-Tyne to Scotland in January, 1746,
arriving on the 10th of that month at Edinburgh.
The regiment was engaged at the battle of Fal-
kirk, Jan. 17, 1746, where its conduct is thus
noticed in the General Advertiser : " The regi-
ments which distinguished themselves were Bar-
rell's (King's Own), and Ligonier's foot." Ligo-
nier's regiment is now the glorious 48th regiment,
of Albuera fame.

At the battle of Culloden Barrell's regiment
gained the greatest reputation imaginable ; the
battle was so desperate that the soldiers' bayonets
were stained with blood to the muzzles of their
muskets ; there was scarce an officer or soldier of
the regiment, and of that part of Munro's (now
37th regiment) which engaged the rebels, that did
not kill one or two men each with their bayonets.
(Particulars of the Battle, published 1746.) Now
it will be remembered that your correspondent
E. H., Vol. ix., p. 159., represents a drummer of
the regiment interceding with the colonel for the
prisoner, by stating that " he behaved well at
Culloden." And this leads me to the question,
Who was the colonel against whom this caricature
was directed ? It is proved (" N. & Q.," Vol. vii.,
p. 242.) that regiments were known by the names
of their colonels, whether commanded personally
by the colonel or not, until July 1, 1751, and
indeed for several subsequent years.

Now the reference to Culloden renders it pro-
bable that the colonel appealed to was present at
that battle, and perhaps an eye-witness of the
personal bravery on that occasion of the soldier
who was subsequently flogged. But although
Colonel Barrell retained the colonelcy of the
4th Infantry until August, 1749, yet he was pro-
moted to major-general in 1735, after which
time he would have commanded a division, not a
regiment. In 1739 he was farther promoted to
lieut.-general, and appointed the same year
Governor of Pendennis Castle, which office would
necessarily remove him from the personal com-
mand of his regiment. He was not present at the
battle of Culloden, April 16, 1746, where his regi-
ment was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Robert

546

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 241.

Rich, who was wounded on that occasion. As to
the epithet of " Colonel," used by the drummer,
that term is always used in conversation when ad-
dressing a lieutenant-colonel, or even a brevet
lieutenant-colonel, and its use only proves, there-
fore, that the officer in command of the parade
held a higher rank than major. After Culloden,
the 4th regiment moved to the Highlands, and in
1747 returned to Stirling. In 1749 General
Barrell died, and the colonelcy of the regiment was
given to Lieut.-Colonel Rich, whom I suspect to
be the officer alluded to in the caricature. I have
searched the military records of the 4th regiment,
but can find no mention of the places at which it
was stationed from 1747 to 1754, in the spring of
which year it embarked from Great Britain for
the Mediterranean, just as it is now doing in the
spring of 1854. I am inclined to fix the date of
the print as 1749 (not 1747), when " Old Scourge "
returned to his regiment as colonel, at the decease
of General Barrell. Colonel Rich was not pro-
moted to major-general until Jan. 17, 1758, and
his commission as colonel is dated Aug. 22, 1749,
the day on which he became colonel of the 4th
regiment. He died in 1785, but retired from the
service between the years 1771 and 1776 : he suc-
ceeded his father as a baronet in 1768. G. L. S.

CLAY TOBACCO-PIPES.

(Vol. ix., p. 372.)

I was much pleased at reading Mb. H. T.
Riley's Note on this neglected subject, in which
I take no small interest, and feel happy in com-
municating the little amount of information I
possess regarding it, I have long thought that
the habit of smoking, I do not say tobacco, but
some other herb, is of much greater antiquity than
is generally supposed. Tobacco appears to have
been introduced amongst us about 1586 by
Captain R. Greenfield and Sir Francis Drake
(vide Brand's Popular Antiquities) ; but I have
seen pipe-bowls of English manufacture, which
had been found beneath the encaustic pavement
of Build was Abbey in Shropshire, which gives a
much earlier date to the practice of smoking
something. I remember an old man, a perfect
Dominie Sampson in his way, who had been in
turn gaoler, pedagogue, and postmaster, at St.
Briavel's, near Tintern Abbey, habitually smoking
the leaves of coltsfoot, which he cultivated on
purpose ; he told me that he could seldom afford
to use tobacco. The pipes found in such abund-
ance in the bed of the Thames, and everywhere
in and about London, I believe to be of Dutch
manufacture ; they are identical with those which
Teniers and Ostade put into the mouths of their
boors, and have for the most part a small pointed

heel, a well-defined milled ring around the lip,
and bear no mark or name of the maker. Such
were the pipes used by the soldiers of the Parlia-
ment, to be found wherever they encamped. I
will only instance Barton, near Abingdon, on the
property of G. Bowyer, Esq., M.P., where I have
seen scores while shooting in the fields around the
ruins of the old fortified mansion. The English
pipes, on the contrary, have a very broad and flat
heel, on which they may rest in an upright po-
sition, so that the ashes might not fall out prema-
turely ; and on this heel the potter's name or
device is usually stamped, generally in raised
characters, though sometimes they are incised.
Occasionally the mark is to be found on the side
of the bowl. A short time ago I exhibited a
series of some five-and-twenty different types at
the Archasological Institution, and my collection
has been enlarged considerably since. These were
principally found in Shropshire and Staffordshire,
and appear for the most part to have been made
at Broseley. They are of a very hard and com-
pact clay, which retains the impress of the milled
ring and the stamp in all its original freshness. I
shall feel much obliged by receiving any additional
information upon this subject.

W. J. Bernhabd Smith.
Temple.

MADAME DE STAEL.

(Vol. ix., p. 451.)

I cannot direct R. A. to the passage in Madame
de StaeTs works. The German book for which
he inquires is not by Schlegel assisted by Fichte,
but —

" Friedrich Nicolai's Leben und sonderbare Mei-
nungen. Ein Beitrag zur Literatur-Geschichte des
vergangenen und zur Padagogik des angehenden
Jahrhunderts, von Johan Gottlieb Fichte. Heraus-
gegeben von A. W. Schlegel: Tubingen, 1801, 8°,
pp. 180."

There certainly is no ground for the charge that
Fichte attacked Nicolai when he was too old to
reply. Nicolai was born in 1733, and died in
1811 ; so that he was sixty-eight when this pam-
phlet was published. His Leben Sempronius
Gundiberts was published in 1798 ; and your cor-
respondent H. C. R. (Vol. vii., p. 20.) partook of
his hospitality in Berlin in 1803.

As to the provocation, Fichte (at p. 82.) gives an
account of attacks on his personal honour; the
worst of which seems to be the imputation of seek-
ing favourable notices in the Literary Gazette of
Jena. In Gundibert Fichte's writings were se-
verely handled, but no personal imputation was
made. I do not know what was said of him in
the Neue Deutsche Bibliothek, but I can hardly
imagine any justification for so furious an attack

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

547

as this on Nicolai. I also concur with Madame
de Stael in thinking the hook dull : " Non est
iocus esse malignum." It begins with an attempt
at grave burlesque, but speedily degenerates into
mere scolding. Take one example :

" Es war sehr wahr, dass aus seinen (Nicolais) Han-
den alles beschmutzt und verdreht herausging ; aber
es war nicht wahr, das er beschmutzen und verdrehen
wollte. Es ward ihm nur so durcb die Eigenschaft
seiner Natur. Wer mochteein Stinkthier beschuldigen,
dass es bohafter Weise alles was es zu sich nehme, in
Gestank, — oder die Natter, das sie es in Gift ver wan-
die. Diese Thiere sind daran sehr unschuldig ; sie
folgen nur ibrer Natur. Eben so unser Held, der nun
einmal zum literarischen Stinkthier und der Natter
des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts bestimmt war, verbrei-
tete stank um sich, und spritze Gift, nicht aus Bosheit,
sondern lediglich durch seine Bestimmung getrieben."
— P. 78.

The charge of defiling all he touched will be
appreciated by those who have read Sebaldus
Nothanker and Sempronius Gundibert, two of the
purest as well as of the cleverest novels of the last
century. H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

CRANMER*5 MARTYRDOM.

(Vol. ix., p. 392.)

The long-received account of a very striking
act in the martyrdom of Cranmer is declared to
involve an " impossibility." The question is an im-
portant one in various ways, for it involves moral
and religious, as well as literary and physiological,
considerations of deep interest ; but as I think the
pages of " N. & Q." not the most appropriate
vehicle for discussion on the former heads, I shall
pass them over at present with a mere expression
of regret that such a subject should have been so
mooted there. With reference, then, to the literary
evidence in favour of the fact, that the noble martyr
voluntarily put forth his hand into the hottest part
of the fire which was raging about him, and
burnt it first, the historians quoted are entirely
agreed, differing as they do only in such details as
might seem rather to imply independent testi-
mony than discrepant authority. But the action
is declared to be "utterly impossible, because,"
&c. Why beg the question in this way ? " Be-
cause," says H. B. C, " the laws of physiology and
combustion show that he could not have gone
beyond the attempt;" adding, "If the hand were
chained over the fire, the shock would produce
death." Leaving the hypothetical reasoning in both
cases to go for what it is worth, it would surely
be easy to produce facts of almost every week from
the evidence given in coroners' inquests, in which
persons have had their limbs burnt off — to say
nothing of farther injury — without the shock

"producing death." The only question then
which I think can fairly arise, is, whether a person
in Cranmer's position could voluntarily endure that
amount of mutilation by fire which many others
have accidentally suffered ? This may be matter
of opinion, but I have no doubt, and I suppose no
truly Christian philosopher will have any, that the
man who has faith to "give his body to be
burned," and to endure heroically such a form of
martyrdom, would be quite able to do what is at-
tributed to Cranmer, and to Hooper too, " high
medical authority " to the contrary notwithstand-
ing. I might, indeed, adduce what might be
called " high medical authority " for my view, i. e.
the historical evidence of the fact, but I think the
bandying of opinions on such a subject undesirable.
It would be more to the point, especially if there
really existed any ground for " historic doubt " on
the subject, or if there was any good reason for
creating one, to cite cotemporaneous evidence
against that usually received. With respect to
the heart of the martyr being " entire and uncon-
sumed among the ashes," I must be permitted to
say that, neither on physiological nor other
grounds, does even this alleged fact, taken in its
plain and obvious meaning, strike me as forming
one of the " impossibilities of history." J. H.

Rotherfield.

Your correspondent H. B. C. doubts the possi-
bility of the story about Cranmer's hand, and says
that " if a furnace were so constructed that a man
might hold his hand in the flame without burning
his body, the shock to the nervous system would
deprive him of all command over muscular action
before the skin could be entirely consumed. If the
hand were chained over the fire, the shock would
produce death." Now, this last assertion I doubt.
The following is an extract from the account of
Ravaillac's execution, given with wonderfully
minute details by an eye-witness, and published
in Cimber's Archives Curieux de VHistoire de
France, vol. xv. p. 103. :

" On le couche sur 1'eschafFaut, on attache les chevaux
aux mains et aux pieds. Sa main droite percee d'un
cousteau fut bruslee a feu de'souphre. Ce miserable,
pour veoir comme ceste execrable main rotissoit, eut le
courage de hausser la teste et de la secouer pour abattre
une etincelle de feu qui se prenoit a sa barbe."

So far was this from killing him that he was torn
with red-hot pincers, had melted lead, &c poured
into his wounds, and he was then " longuement
tire, retire, et promene de tous costez " by four
horses :

" S'il y eut quelque pause, ce ne fut que pour donner
temps au bourreau de respirer, au patient de se sentir
mourir, aux theologiens de l'exhorter a dire la verite."

And still :

" Sa vie estoit forte et vigoureuse ; telle que retirant

548

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

une fois une des jambes, il arresta le cheval qui le
tiroit."

I fear your correspondent underrates the power of
the human body in enduring torture. I have seen
a similar account of the execution of Damiens,
with which I will not shock your readers. The
subject is a revolting one, but the truth ought to
be known, as it is (most humanely, I fully believe)
questioned. G. W. R.

Oxford and Cambridge Club.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Difficulties in making soluble Cotton. — In making
soluble cotton according to the formula given by Mr.
Hadow in the Photographic Journal, and again by Mb,
Shadbolt in " N. & Q..," I have been subject to the
most provoking failures, and should feel obliged if
Mr. Shadbolt or any other of your correspondents
could explain the causes of my failures, which I will
endeavour to describe.

1st. In using nitrate of potash and sulphuric acid,
with a certain quantity of water as given, I have in-
variably found that on adding the cotton to the mixture
it became completely dissolved, and the mass began to
effervesce violently, throwing off dense volumes of deep
red fumes, and the whole appearing of a similar colour,
I at first thought it might be the fault of the sulphuric
acid ; but on trying some fresh, procured at another
place, the same effects were produced.

Again, in using the mixed acids (which I tried, not
being successful with the other method) I found, on
following Mr. Hadow's plan, that the cotton was also
entirely dissolved.

Plow is the proper temperature at which the cotton
is to be immersed to be arrived at ? Are there any
thermometers constructed for the purpose ? as, if one
of the ordinary ones, mounted on wood or metal, was
used, the acids would attack it, and, I should imagine,
prove injurious to the liquids.

At the same time I would ask the reason why all
the negative calotypes I have taken lately, both on
Turner's and Sandford's papers, iodized according to
Dr. Diamond's plan, are never intense, especially the
skies, by transmitted light, although by reflected light
they look of a ^beautiful black and white. I never
used formerly to meet with such a failure; but at that
time I used always to wet the plate glass and attach
the paper to it, making it adhere by pressing with
blotting-paper, and then exciting with a buckles brush
and dilute gallo-nitrate. But the inconvenience at-
tending that plan was, that I was compelled to take
out as many double slides as I wished to take pictures,
which made me abandon it and take to Dr. Diamond's
plan of exciting them and placing them in a portfolio
for use. I imagine the cause of their not being so in-
tense is the not exposing them while wet.

A bag made of yellow calico, single thickness, has
been recommended for changing the papers in the open
air. I am satisfied it will not do, especially if the sun
is shining ; it may do in some shady places, but I have

never yet seen any yellow calico so fine in texture as
not to allow of the rays of light passing through it,
unless two or three times doubled. I have proved to
my own satisfaction that the papers will not bear ex-
posure in a bag of single thickness, without browning
over immediately the developing fluid is applied.

With regard to the using of thin collodion, as recom-
mended by Mr. Hardwick in the last Number of the
Photographic Journal, I am satisfied it is the only plan
of producing thoroughly good positives ; and I have
been in the habit of thinning down collodion in the
same manner for a long time, finding that I produced
much better pictures with about half the time of ex-
posure necessary for a thick collodion. H. U.

Light in Cameras. — I cannot sufficiently express
my acknowledgments to " N. & Q." for the photo-
graphic benefits I have derived from its perusal, more
especially from the communication in No. 240. of
Lux in Camera. Since I took up the art some
months ago, I have had (with two or three exceptions)
nothing but a succession of failures, principally from
the browning of the negatives, and on examining my
camera, as recommended by Lux in Camera, I find it
lets in a blaze of light from the cause he mentions*,
and thence doubtless my disappointments. But why
inflict this history upon you? I inclose for your ac-
ceptance the best photograph I have yet produced
from Dr. Diamond's " Simplicity of the Calotype."
Printed from Delamotte's directions : —

First preparation, 5 oz. of aq. dist. ; £ oz. of muriate
of ammonia.

Second process, floating on solution 60 grains of
nitrate of silver, 1 ounce of distilled water.

Is there any better plan than the above ?

Charles K. Probert.

P.S. — The view inclosed is the porch and transept
of Newport Church, Essex, from the Parsonage garden.
Is it printed too dark ? I wish I could get the grey
and white tints I saw in the Photographic Exhibition. f
Had your readers behaved with ordinary gratitude,
your photographic portfolio ought to have overflowed
by this time.

Cameras. — The note of Lux in Camera has brought
in more than one letter of thanks ; and a valued cor-
respondent has written to us, suggesting " That the
attention of the Photographic Society, who have as yet
done far less than they might have done to advance
the Art, should be at once turned, and that seriously
and earnestly, to the production of a light, portable,
and effective camera for fi'eld purposes ; one which,
at the same time that it has the advantages of lightness
and portability, should be capable of resisting our
variable climate." Our correspondent throws out a
hint which possibly may be adopted with advantage,

* It was an expensive one, bought of one of the
principal houses for the supply of photographic appa-
ratus, &c.

[f Some of the best specimens of these tints were
forwarded to us by Mr. Pcmphrey, accompanying the
description of his process, printed in our eighth volume,
p. 349. _ Ed. " N. & Q."]

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

549

that papier mache' has many of the requisites desired,
being very firm, light, and impervious to wet.

Progress of Photography. — As a farther contri-
bution to the History of Photography, we have been
favoured with the following copy of a letter from a
well-known amateur, %vhich details in a graphic manner
his early photographic experiences.

"As there is a sort of reflux of the tide to Mr. Fox
Talbot's plan, and different people have succeeded best
in different ways, it may amuse you to hear how I
used to work, with better luck than I have had since.

" Mr. Talbot's sensitive wash was very strong, so
he floated his paper upon distilled water immediately
after its application.

"Mr. G. S. Cundell, of Finsbury Circus, diluted
the sensitive wash with water, instead of floating the
paper. Amateurs date their success from the time
Mr. Cundell published this simple modification of the
original process.

" Mr. William Hunt, of Yarmouth, was my first
friend and instructor in the art ; and if there be any
merit in the pictures I did before I knew you, the
credit is due to him entirely.

" The first paper we tried was Whatman's ivory
post, very thick and hard, and yet it gave good nega-
tives. We afterwards got a thinner paper, but always
stuck to Whatman. Neither were we troubled with
that porosity in the skies of which you complain in the
more recently-made papers of that manufacturer.

" We first washed the paper with a solution of
nitrate of silver, fifteen grains to the ounce, going over
the surface in all directions with a camel-hair brush.
As soon as the fluid ceased to run, the paper was
rapidly dried before the fire, and then immersed in a
solution of iodide of potassium, 500 grains to the pint
of water. We used to draw it through the solution
frequently by the corners, and then let it lie till the
yellow tint was visible at the back. It was then im-
mediately taken to the pump and pumped upon vigo-
rously for two or three minutes, holding it at such an
angle that the water flushed softly over the surface.
We then gave it a few minutes in a rain-water bath,
inclining the dish at different angles to give motion to
the water. By this time the iodide of silver looked
like pure solid brimstone in the wet paper. Then we
knew that it was good, and hung it up to dry.

"To make this paper sensitive, we took 5 drops of
gallic acid (saturated solution), 5 drops of glacial acetic
acid, 10 drops of a 50-grain solution of nitrate of
silver, and 100 drops of water. The sensitive wash
was poured upon a glass plate, and the paper placed
thereon. We used to lift the paper frequently by one
or other corner till it was perfectly limp. We then
blotted off and placed in the camera, where it would
keep a good many hours.

" Whether such pictures would have come out spon-
taneously under the developing solution, I know not,
for we had not patience enough to try. We forced
them out in double quick time with red-hot pokers ;
and great was the alarm of my wife to see me rush
madly about the house armed with these weapons.
Yet the plan had its advantages ; by presenting the
point of the poker at a refractory spot, its reluctance

to appear was speedily overcome, and we persuaded
out the shadows. * * *

" P. S. — I now have the first picture I ever did,
little, if at all, altered. It was done in July, 1845,
with a common meniscus lens. I have just got a
capital negative by Dr. Diamond's plan, but which is
spoiled by the metallic abominations in Turner's paper."

A Collodion Difficulty. — With reference to Mr. J.
Cook's collodion, I would suggest that his ether was
indeed " still very strong" of acid ; by which the iodine
was set free, and gave him " nearly a port-wine colour."
This is a common occurrence when the ether or the
collodion is acid. The remedy is at hand, however.
Powder a few grains of cyanide of potassium, and intro-
duce about a grain at a time, according to the quantity :
shake up till dissolved, and so on, until you get the
clear golden tint. Thus will " the mystery be cleared
up." I need not say that the essential properties of the
solution will not be impaired. Andrew Steinmetz.

P. S In a day or two I shall send you a recipe for

easily turning to immediate use the " used-up dipping
baths" of nitrate, without the troublesome process
recommended to one of your correspondents.

Ferricyanide of Potassium. — I have used with success
the ferricyanide of potassium (the red prussiate of
potash, as it is called) for removing the stains con-
tracted in photographing. This it does very readily
when the stains are recent, and it has no injurious
effect upon cuts and sore places should any exist on
the hands. An old stain may with a little pumice
be very readily removed. I have mentioned this to
several friends, and, if not a novelty, it is certainly not
generally known. S. Pelham Dale.

Sion College.

. &t]ilitf> to Minav IBiuzvitS.

Postage System of the Romans (Vol. ix., p. 350.).
— Your correspondent Ardelio probably alludes
to the system of posts for the conveyance of
persons, established by the Romans on their great
lines of road. An account of this may be seen in
the work of Bergier, Hisloire des Grands Chemins
de V Empire Romain, lib. iv. ; and compare Gibbon's
Decline and Fall, chap. xvii. Communications
were made from Rome to the governors of pro-
vinces, and information was received from them,
by means of these posts : see Suet. Oct. c. xlix.
But the Romans had no public institution for the
conveyance of private letters. A letter post is a
comparatively modern institution ; in England it
only dates from the reign of James I. An account
of the ancient Persian posts is given by Xenoph.
Cyrop. viii. vi. § 17, 18. ; Herod, viii. 98. : com-
pare Schleusner, Lex. N. T. in ayyaptiu. L.

As a proof that there is at least one eminent ex-
ception to the assertion of Ardelio, that "we know
that the Romans must have had a postal system,"
I send the following extract from Dr. William

550

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,
sub voc. Tabellarius :

" As the Romans had no public post, they were
obliged to employ special messengers, who were called
Tabellarii, to convey their letters, when they had not
an opportunity of sending them otherwise."

'AKievs.

Dublin.

Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bo-
noncini (Vol. ix., p. 445.). — This epigram, which
has frequently been printed as Swift's, was written
by Dr. Byrom of Manchester. In his very in-
teresting Diary, which is shortly about to appear
under the able editorship of my friend Dr. Par-
kinson in the series of Chetham publications,
Byrom mentions it.

" Nourse asked me if I had seen the verses upon
Handel and Bononcini, not knowing that they were
mine ; but Sculler said I was charged with them, and
so I said they were mine ; they both said they had been
mightily liked." — Byrom's Remains (Cheetham Series),
vol. i. part i. p. 173.

The verses are thus more correctly given in
Byrom's Works, vol.i. p. 342., edit. 1773 :

" Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini.
Some say, compar'd to Bononcini,
That Mynheer Handel's but a ninny ;
Others aver that he to Handel
Is scarcely fit to hold a candle :
Strange all this difference should be,
'Twixt Tweedledum and Tweedledee!"

Jas. Csosslet.

Power of prophesying before Death (Vol. ii.,
p. 116.). — In St. Gregory's Dialogues, b. iv.
ch. xxv., the disciple asks, —

" Velim scire quonam modo agitur quod plerumque
morientes multa praedicunt."

The answer begins (ch. xxvi.), —

" Ipsa aliquando animarum vis subtilitate sua aliquid
praevidet. Aliquando autem exitura; de corpore
animae per revelationem ventura cognoscunt. Ali-
quando vero dum jam juxta sit ut corpus deserant,
divinitus afflatae in secreta coelestia incorporeum mentis
oculum mittunt."

J. C. R.

King John (Vol. ix., p. 453.). — I cannot reply
to the Queries of Prestoniensis, but I have a
note of a grant made by John (as Com. Moritonice)
of the tithes of the parishes between Rible and
Merse, which appears to have received the Bishop
of Coventry's confirmation, ap. Cestriam, an.
2 Pont. Papa Codestini. John's grant was to the
Priory of Lancaster. My reference is to Madox,
Formulare Anglicanum, Lond. 1702, p. 52, mxcvi.
The deed is witnessed by Adam de Blakeburn
and Robert de Preston, as well as by Phil. Sanson
(De Worcester ?) and others. Anon.

Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets (Vol. ix.,
p. 494.). — H. B. C. will find another passage,
illustrative of this presumption, in Henry Knygh-
ton's Chronica:

" De isto quoque Henrico, quondam infantulo et
in curia regis Francorum nutrito, beatus Bernardus
Abbas de eo sic prophetavit, prassente rege, De
Diabolo venit, et ad Diabolum ibit .- Notans per hoc tarn
tyrannidem patris sui Galfridi, qui Sagiensem episco-
pum eunuchaverat, quam etiam istius Henrici futuram
atrocitatem qua in beatum Thomam desaeviret." —
Twysden, Hist. Angl. Scriptores, pp. 2393. 32., and
2399. 10.

C. H.

Burial Service Tradition (Vol. ix., p. 451.). —
The only cases in which a clergyman is legally
justified in refusing to read the entire service
over the body of a parishioner or other person
admitted to burial in the parochial cemetery, are
the three which are mentioned in the preliminary
rubric, which, as expounded by the highest au-
thorities, are as follows : 1. In case the person
died without admission to the universal church by
Christian baptism. 2. Or " denounced ' excommu-
nicate majori excommunicatione ' for some grievous
and notorious crime, and no man able to testify of
his repentance." (Canon 68.) 3. Or felo de se ;
for in a case of suicide the acquittal of the de-
ceased by a coroner's jury entitles him to Christian
burial. The extraordinary notion of the clergy-
man, mentioned by the Rev. S. Adams, is certainly
erroneous in law. I can only suppose it originated
from some case in which the severance of the de-
ceased's right hand was regarded by the jury as a
proof that he did not kill himself. Except in
certain special cases, none but parishioners are
entitled to burial in a parochial burying-place at
all. Advocates.

Paintings of our Saviour (Vol. ix., p. 270.). —
Your correspondent J. P. may hear of something
to his advantage by visiting the church of Santa
Prassede (Saint Praxedes ?), not far from Santa
Maria Maggiore in Rome. In the former he will
see, as usual, a list of wonderful relics preserved
therein, and amongst them " A Portrait of the
Saviour, presented by St. Peter to Santa Pras-
sede." A valuable gift, truly, if only authentic.
The name of the artist is not given, I believe, in
the above veracious document. They had better
have made the catalogue complete by putting in
the name of St. Luke himself, whose pencil, I
rather think, is stated to have furnished other such
portraits elsewhere. " Credat Judseus ! "

The Santa Prassede above alluded to is stated
to have been a daughter of Pudens, mentioned in
the Epistles of St. Paul. M. H. R.

Widdrington Family (Vol. ix., p. 375.). — The
church of Nunnington, near Ilelmsly, in the North

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

551

Riding of Yorkshire, contains two handsome
marble monuments of Lords Preston and Wid-
drington. The old hall at Nunnington, now oc-
cupied by a farmer, was once the seat of Viscount
Preston, and afterwards of Lord Widdrington.
William, Lord Widdrington, who is said to be
descended from the brave Witherington, cele-
brated in Chevy Chace for having fought upon his
stumps, was of the very noble and ancient family
of the Widdringtons of Widdrington Castle, in
the county of Northumberland ; and great-grand-
son of the brave Lord Widdrington who was
slain gallantly fighting in the service of the crown
at Wigan, in Lancashire, in 1651. William, his
grandson, was unfortunately engaged in the affair
of Preston in 1715, when his estate became for-
feited to the crown, and he afterwards confined
himself to private life. He married a daughter of
the Lord Viscount Preston above mentioned, one of
the co-heiresses of the estate at Nunnington, and
was in consequence buried in the family vault in
174,3, aged sixty-five. For other particulars of
the family of Widdrington, see Camden's Britannia.

Thomas Gill.
Easingwold.

Mathew, a Cornish Family (Vol. ix., pp. 22.
289.). —I fear I cannot give the Rev. H. T. Ee-
eacombe much information on the point he
desires of the descent of the Devon and Cornwall
branches of the Mathew family, which I yet en-
tertain the hope some of your readers having
access to the Cambrian genealogical lore at Dine-
vawr, Penline, Margam, Fonmon, and other places,
may be able to graft correctly on their Welsh
tree.

I was unable to corroborate in the British Mu-
seum the marriages given in the Heralds' Visita-
tion of Devon, with Starkey and Gamage. Did a
son of Reynell of Malston by an heir of Mathew
take that name ?

Mr. Ellacombe will find by the Heralds'
Visitation that both of the West of England
branches settled before 1650 in Cornwall, the one
at Tresingher, the other at Milton ; but that of
the former, William married Elizabeth Welling-
ton, and John married Rebecca Soame, both re-
verting to settle in Devonshire, from whom,
perhaps, his ancestress derives. B.

Birkenhead.

" IIiVtis," unde deriv. (Vol. ix., p. 324.). — The
perfect impossibility of deriving this word from
'{(TTTjfii is at once evident, on the following grounds :
1. To obtain the letter ir, recourse is had to the
compound form icplffrauai ; but where have we a
similar instance, in any derived word, of the e
in «r< being thus absorbed, and the ■* taken to
commence a fresh word? 2. Allowing such an
extraordinary process, what possible meaning of

itpia-ranai can be adduced in the slightest degree
corresponding to the established interpretation of

Throwing aside the termination -is, we obtain
the letters ttist-, which a very slight knowledge of
etymology enables us to trace back to Trei'0a> ; for
the stem of this verb is ni© (cf. Aor. 2. imdov),
and the formation of the adjective tt'kttos from ire-
ireto-T-ai is clearly analogous to that of the word in
question, the long syllable and diphthong « being
altered into the short and single letter i, to which,
many similar instances may be adduced. 4>.

There is no doubt as to the derivation of v'ums
from ireiBw. Compare nvfjcms from kv6.o> or wfi6a>,

irptaris Or irpi)(TTi$ from irpj}du>, irvffTis from irwdavo/j.ai.

Verbs of this form introduce the a into the future
and other inflected tenses, as ireia-w, itevooixai. L.

Author of " The Whole Duty of Man " (Vol. vi.,
p. 537.). — It is asserted in the English Baronet-
age (vol. i. p. 398., 1741), on the authority of Sir
Herbert Perrot Pakington, Bart., in support of
the claim of Lady Pakington to the authorship,
" the manuscript, under her own hand, now remains
with the family." Can this MS. now be found ?

B. H. C.

Table-turning (Vol. ix., pp. 88. 135., &c). — In
turning over Sozomen's Ecclesiastical History, I
observed at b. vi. ch. 34. an account of the trans-
action already printed in your pages from Am-
mianus Marcellinus. It is in brief as follows : —
Certain philosophers who were opposed to Chris-
tianity were anxious to learn who should succeed
Valens in the empire. After trying all other
kinds of divination, they constructed a tripod (or
table with three legs : see Servius on Virgil,
2En. ni. 360.) of laurel wood, and by means of
certain incantations and formulas, succeeded (by
combining the letters which were indicated, one
by one, by a contrivance of some kind connected
with the table) in obtaining Th. E. O. D. Now,
being anxious and hopeful for one Theodorus to
succeed to the throne, they concluded that he was
meant. Valens, hearing of it, put him and them
to death, and many others whose names began
with these letters.

On referring to Socrates, I find that he also
names the circumstances just alluded to. Al-
though he does not give all the particulars, he
adds one important statement, which serves to
identify the thing more closely with modern
table-moving and spirit-rapping. " The devil,"
he says, "induced certain curious persons to prac-
tise divination, by calling up the spirits of the dead
(uiKvofiowTeMv -n-oL^a-aa-dai), in order to find out who
should reign after Valens." They succeeded in ob-
taining the letters Th. E. O. D.

I observe a reference to Nicephorus, b. xi. 45.,
but have not his works at hand to consult.

552

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

The use of laurel, in the construction of the
table, seems to connect the occurrences with the
worship of Apollo. Those who would investigate
the subject fully must consult such passages in the
classics as this from Lucan [Lucretius ?], lib. i.
739-40. :

" Sanctius et multo certa ratione magis, quam
Pythia, qua? tripode ex Phoebi /auroque profatur."

I have a reference to Le Nourry, p. 1345., who,
I see, has some remarks upon the passage already
given from Tertullian ; he, however, throws little
light upon the subject.

Henry H. Beeen (Vol. viii., p. 330.) says, * It
is not unreasonable to suppose that table-turning

was practised in former ages : " to this I

think we may now subscribe. B. H. C.

Poplar.

Pedigree to the Time of Alfred (Vol. viii., p. 586. ;
Vol. ix., p. 233.). — The person S. D. met at the
" King's Head," Egham, was doubtless Mr. John
Wapshott of Chertsey, Surrey (late of Almoner's
Barn Farm in that neighbourhood), an intelligent,
respectable yeoman, who would feel much pleasure
in giving S. D. any information he may require.

B. S. Elcock.

Bath.

Quotation wanted (Vol. ix., p. 421.). — " Ex-
tinctus amabitur idem," is from Horace, Epist. n.
i. 14. (See Vol. vii., p. 81.) P. J. F. Gantillon.

" Hie locus odit, amat." — In Vol. v. of " N. & Q,"
at p. 8., " Procurator" gives the two quaintly
linked lines —

" Hie locus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat
Nequitiam, leges, crimina, jura probos."

as "carved in a beam over the Town Hall of
Much Wenlock, in Shropshire." They are to be
found also in the ancient hall of judicature of the
"Palazzo del Podesta," at Pistoja, in Tuscany.
The ancient stone seats, with their stone table in
front of them, where the magistrates of the republic
administered justice in the days of the city's inde-
pendence, are still remaining, and these lines are
cut in the stone just over the benches. This
simple and primitive tribunal was built as it now
stands in 1307, and there can be no doubt that the
verses in question existed there before they found
their way to Much Wenlock. But as it is hardly
likely that they travelled direct from Tuscany into
Shropshire, the probability is that they may be
found in some other, or perhaps in many other
places. I have not been able to light on any clue
to the authorship or history of the lines. Perhaps
some of your correspondents, who have the means
of wider researches than this city commands, might
be more fortunate. T. A. T.

Florence, March, 1854.

Writings of the Martyr Bradford (Vol. ix.,
p. 450.). — In reply to Mr. Townsend's inquiry
respecting early editions of Bradford's writings, I
can add to the information furnished by the Editor
that the copy of his Hurt of Hearyng Masse, sold
at Mr. Jolley's sale, was purchased subsequently of
Mr. Thorpe, and deposited in the Chetham Li-
brary. This edition is not noticed by Watt.

In Stevens's Memoirs of the Life and Martyr-
dom of John Bradford, with his Examinations,
Letters, 8fc, there is no mention of the letter ad
calcem of" —

" An Account of a Disputation at Oxford, Anno
Domini 1554. With a Treatise of the Blessed Sacra-
ment ; both written by Bishop Ridley, Martyr. To
which is added a Letter written by Mr. John Brad-
ford, never before printed. All taken out of an
original manuscript [and published by Gilbert Iron-
side], Oxford, 1688, 4to."

Bibliothecar. Chetham.

Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house (Vol.
ix., p. 492.). — Your correspondent L. L. L. gives
this inscription as follows :

" Fiat Justitia,

1619.

Haec domus

Dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,

Equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."

This couplet, in its correct form, evidently stood
thus :

" Haec custodit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
iEquitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."

That is to say,

" Custodit sequitiam, amat pacem, punit crimina,
conservat jura, honorat bonos."

The substantive of aquus is mquitas, not aquitia.
If these verses were composed in good Latinity,
the first word of the pentameter probably was
justitiam. ■"•

Blanco White's Sonnet (Vol. vii., pp. 404. 486. ;
Vol. ix., p. 469.). — This sonnet is so beautiful,
that I hope it will suffer no disparagement in the
eyes of any of your admiring readers, if I remind
them of a passage in Sir Thomas Browne's Quin-
cunx, which I conceive may have inspired the
brilliant genius of Blanco White on this occasion.
I regret that I have not the precise reference to
the passage :

"Light" (says Browne) " that makes things seen, makes
some things invisible. Were it not for darkness, and
the shadow of the earth, the noblest part of creation had
remained unseen, and the stars in heaven as invisible as
on the fourth day, when they were created above the
horizon with the sun, or there was not an eye to behold
them. The greatest mystery of religion is expressed
by adumbration ; and, in the noblest part of the Jewish
types, we find the cherubim shadowing the mercy-

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

553

seat. Life itself is but the shadow of death, and souls
departed but theshadows of the living : all things fall
under this name. The sun itself is but the dark simula-
crum, and light but the shadow of God!"

J. Sansom.
Oxford.

" Wise men labour," 8fc. (Vol. ix., p. 468.). —
The following version of these lines is printed in
the Collection of Loyal Songs, written against the
Bump Parliament between the Years 1639 — 1661 :
" Complaint.
" Wise men suffer, good men grieve,
Knaves devise and fools believe ;
Help, O Lord ! send aid unto us,
Else knaves and fools will quite undo us."

These four lines constitute the whole of the piece,

which is anonymous : vol. i. p. 27., and also on the

title-page. B. H. C.

[We are indebted to S-C. P. J. for a similar reply.]

Copernicus (Vol. ix., p. 447.)- — This inscription,
as given in " N. & Q.," contains two false quan-
tities, Grdtiam and Veniam. May I suggest the
transposal of the two words, and then all will be
right, at least as to prosody, which, in Latin poetry,
seems to override all other considerations.

C. De la Pryme.

N.B. — What is the nominative to poor dederatf

Meals, Meols (Vol. vii., pp. 208. 298. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 409.). — The word " mielles" is of frequent oc-
currence in Normandy and the Channel Islands,
where it is applied to sandy downs bordering the
sea-shore. It is not to be found in French dic-
tionaries, and, like the words hovgue, falaise, and
others in use in Normandy, has probably come
down from the Northmen, who gave their name to
that province. Edgar Macculeoch.

Guernsey.

Byron and Bochefoucauld (Vol. ix., p. 347.). —
Allow me to refer your correspondent Sigma to
" N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 260., where, under the signa-
ture of Melanion, I noted Byron's two unacknow-
ledged obligations to La Bochefoucauld, and the
blunder made in the note on Don Juan, canto iii.
st. 4. Sigma will also find these and other passages
from Byron given among the notes in the trans-
lation of La Bochefoucauld, published in 1850
(June) by Messrs. Longman and Co.

C. Forbes.

Temple.

Bobert Eden (Vol. ix., p. 374.).— Robert Eden,
Archdeacon and Prebendary of Winchester, was
the son of Robert Eden, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
The Edens of Auckland and the Edens of New-
castle were descended from two brothers. The
Archdeacon was fourth cousin of the first baronet.

His daughter, Mary, married Ebenezer Blackwell,
Esq., and their daughter, Philadelphia, married
Lieut.-Col. G. R. P. Jarvis, of Doddington, in
Lincolnshire. I am descended from a first cousin
of the Archdeacon, and could furnish R. E. C, if
I knew his address, with farther particulars re-
specting the Edens of Newcastle. E. H. A.

Dates of Maps (Vol. ix., p. 396.).— I think the
answer to Mr. Warden's very just complaint re-
specting maps not being dated is easily accounted
for, much more easily, I fear, than reformed. The
last published map is considered the most exact
and useful; it, therefore, is the interest of the map-
seller to sell off all of the old ones that he can ;
hence it is difficult, unless some pains are taken, to
ascertain which is the last. A. publishes a new
map of France, B. then publishes one ; but both
avoid putting the date, as the oldest date would
sell fewer, and the newer map proprietor expects a
still newer one soon to appear. By A. I do not
mean to allude to Mr. Arrowsmith in particular,
who is one of the best, if not the best, map-seller
we have. But why are large military map-sellers
so much dearer with us than on the Continent? I
must except the Ordnance map, which is now
sold cheaply, thanks entirely to Mr. Hume's exer-
tions in parliament. A. (1)

Miss Elstob (Vol. iii., p. 497.). — This surname
is so uncommon that I have met with but three
instances of persons bearing it ; one was the lady
referred to by your correspondent, the second was
her brother, the Rev. William Elstob, and the
third was Dryden Elstob, who served for some
time in the 3rd Light Dragoons, and also, I be-
lieve, in the Royal Navy, — at least I know that he
used to wear a naval uniform in the streets of
London. I believe that the family was settled at
one time at Newcastle-on-Tyne.* What is known
of the family ? Juverna.

Corporation Enactments (Vol. ix., p. 300.). —
Your correspondent Abhba having omitted to
mention where he found the curious piece of in-
formation which under this title he supplied to
you, I beg leave to supply the deficiency. The
same paragraph, nearly verbatim, has been long
since published in a book which is by no means
rare, the Dublin Penny Journal, vol. i. p. 226.
(No. 29, January 12, 1833), where it appears
thus :

" In the town books of the corporation of Youghal,
among many other singular enactments of that body,
are two which will now be regarded as curiosities.
In the years 1680 and 1700, a cook and a barber were
made freemen, on condition that they should severally

[* Both William Elstob and his learned sister were
born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, of which place their
father, Ralph Elstob, was a merchant.]

554

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

dress the mayor's feasts, and shave the corporation —
gratis ! "

Is not this the very paragraph which has been
supplied to you as an original ? The attempt to
disguise it by the alteration of two or three words
is below criticism. Surely, if passages from
common or easily accessible books are to occupy
valuable space in the pages of " N. & Q.," it is not
too much to expect that reference be honestly
given to the work which may be cited.

Abtebus.

Dublin.

Misapplication of Terms (Vol. ix., p. 361.). —
Tour correspondent is quite entitled to the re-
ferences he demands, and which I had considered
superfluous. I beg to refer him to the school
dictionaries in use by my boys, viz. Mr. Young's
and Dr. Carey's edition of Ainsworth, abridged by
Dr. Morell ; also to the following, all I possess,
viz. Dr. Adam Littleton's, 4to. 4th ed., 1703 ;
Robertson's ed. of Gouldman, 4to., 1674; and
Gesner's Thesaurus, 4 vols. fol. I may add that
the observations of Home Tooke are quite to my
mind, especially when applied to the " legendary
stories of nurses and old women." (Todd's John-
son.)

Working in the same direction as your corre-
spondent who has caused this invasion of your
space, I cannot resist the opportunity of protest-
ing against the use of " opened up " and " opened
out," as applied to the developments of national
enterprise and industry. These expressions,
common to many, and frequently to be read in
the "leading journal," stand a fair chance of be-
coming established vulgarisms. It is, however,
something worse than slipshod when a paper of
equal pretension, and more particularly addressed
to the families of the educated classes, informs its
readers ' " that some of the admirers of the late
Justice Talfourd contemplate the erection of a
cenotaph over his grave in the cemetery at Nor-
wood." {Illustrated News, March 25, 1854.)

Squeehs,

Dotheboys.

ffltettUmzawi.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

On the publication of the first volume of Mr. Peter
Cunningham's edition of The Works of Oliver Gold-
smith, we did not hesitate to pronounce it "the best,
handsomest, and cheapest edition of Goldsmith which
has ever issued from the press." The work is now
completed by the publication of the fourth volume,
which contains Goldsmith's Biographies ; Reviews ;
Animated Nature ; Cock Lane Ghost ; Vida's Game
of Chess (now first printed as it has been found tran-
scribed in Goldsmith's handwriting from the original
MS. in the possession of Mr. Bolton Corney), and

his Letters. And after a careful revision of the book,
we do not hesitate to repeat our original opinion. It
is a book which every lover of Goldsmith will delight
to place upon his shelves.

We have to congratulate Mr. Darling, and also all
who are interested in any way in theological literature,
on the completion of that portion of his Cyclopaedia
Bibliographica which gives us, under the names of the
authors, an account, not only of the best works extant
in various branches of literature, but more particularly
on those important divisions, biblical criticism, com-
mentaries, sermons, dissertations, and other illustra-
tions of the Holy Scriptures ; the constitution,
government, and liturgies of the Christian Church ;
ecclesiastical history and biography ; the works of the
Fathers, and all the most eminent Divines. We sin-
cerely trust that a work so obviously useful, and which
has been so carefully compiled, will meet with such
encouragement as will justify Mr. Darling in very
speedily going to press with the second and not less
important division — that in which, by an alphabetical
arrangement of subjects, a ready reference may be
made to books, treatises, sermons, and dissertations
on nearly all heads of divinity, theological con-
troversy, or ecclesiastical inquiry. The utility of such
an Index is too obvious to require one word of argu-
ment in its favour.

The subject of the non-purchase of the Faussett
Collection by the Trustees of the British Museum
was brought before Parliament by Mr. Ewart on
Thursday, 1st June, when copies were ordered to be
laid before the House of Commons "of all reports,
memorials, or other communications to or from the
Trustees of the British Museum on the subject of the
Faussett Collection of Anglo-Saxon Antiquities."

Books Received. — Miss Strickland's Lives of the
Queens of England, Vol. VI. This volume is entirely
occupied with the biography of Mary Beatrice of
Modena, the Queen of James II., in which Miss
Strickland has availed herself of a large mass of inedited
materials. — Selections from the Writings of the Rev.
Sydney Smith, forming Nos. 61. and 62. of Longman's
Traveller's Library, and containing his admirable
Essays on Education, the Ballot, American Debts,
Wit and Humour, the Conduct of the Understanding,
and Taste. — Critical and Historical Essays, &cc , by
the Right Honourable T. B. Macaulay, People's
Edition, Part III., includes his Essays on Lord
Mahon's War of Succession, Walpole's Letters, Lord
Chatham, Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, and
Lord Bacon. — Annotated Edition of the English Poets,
edited by Robert Bell. This month's issue consists of
the second volume of the Poetical Works of William
Cowper.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The Trials of Robert Powell, Edward Burcii, and Matthew
Martin, for Forgery, at the Old Bailey. London. 8vo.
1771.

Wanted by J. N. Ckadwick, Esq., King's Lynn.

June 10. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

555

Ayre's Life of Pope. 2 Vols. 1741.

Pope and Swift's Miscellanies. 1727. 2 Vols. (Motte), with

two Vols, subsequently published, together 4 Vols.
Familiar Letters to H. Cromwell by Mr. Pope. Curl, 1727.
Pope's Litbrary Correspondence. Curl, 1735-6. 6 Vols.
Pope's Works. 4to. 1717.

Pope's Correspondence with Wycherley. Gilliver, 1729.
Narrative of Dr. Robert Norris concerning Frenzy of J. D.

Lintot, 1713.
The New Rehearsal, or Bayes the Younger. Roberts,

1714.
Complete Art of English Poetry. 2 Vols.
Gay's Miscellaneous Works. 4 Vols. 12mo. 1773.
Richardsoniana, or Reflections on Moral Nature op Man.

1776.
A Collection of Verses, Essays, &c, occasioned by Pope and

Swift's Miscellanies. 1728.

Wanted by Mr. Francis, 14. Wellington Street North, Strand.

A true Account of the Voyage of the Nottingham-galley
of London, fte., by Captain John Dean. 8vo. London, 1711.

A Falsification of the above, by Longman, Miller, and White.
London, 1711. 8vo.

A Letter from Moscow to the Marquis of Carmarthen,
relating to the Czar of Muscovy's Forwardness in his great
Navy since his return home, by J. Deane. London, 1699. Fol.

Hours of Idleness, Lord Byron. 8vo. Newark, 1807.

Bacon's Essays in Latin.

Wanted by S. F. Creswell, King's College, London.

The Church of England Magazine. Vol. XXI. 184K. In
good order, and in the cloth case.

Wanted by the Rev. B. H. Slacker, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.

Father Bridoul's School of the Eucharist. Trans, by Claget.

London, 1687.
Fkbitaghii Mythologia Ethica, with 138 Plates. Antv. 1579.

4to.

Wanted by J. G., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton
Street, Dublin.

Y. S. M. The letter to this Correspondent has been forwarded.

W. S. Can our correspondent find a more correct report of the
lines quoted at the meeting of the Peace Society t Those sent to us
are certainly inaccurate.

R. B. Allen. The monument in the chancel of the church of
Stansted Montfichet, in Essex, is to Sir Thomas (not Hugh)
Middleton. See Wright's Essex, vol. ii. p. 160.

Other Correspondents shall be answered next week.

Errata. Vol. ix., p. 193., throughout the " Curious Marriage
Agreement," for Jacob Sprier read Jacob Spicer. He was an in-
habitant of Cape May County, New Jersey. — Page 468. col i. line
26., for 1789 read 1759. — Page 477., in art. "Old Rowley." for
"father of the Jury," read "father of the Turf '." — Page 469., in
quotation from Ausonius,for " erplevi " read " explevi."

Our Eighth Volume is now bound and ready for delivery,
price \0s. Gd., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Vo-
lumes are being made up, price 41. 4s For these early application

is desirable.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

Gratis and Post Free on application.

FOREIGN THEOLOGY AND
ORIENTAL BOOKS. - MR. BROWN'S
Catalogue, No. 24., contains Bibles in most
languages, Books in all Branches of Biblical
Criticism and Ecclesiastical History, Liturgies,
Councils, a good collection of the Fathers,
Works relating to the Greek Church, a large
number of books relative to the Jesuits, Meta-
physical Works, a capital selection of Hebrew
and Oriental Philology, &c. &c.

London : WILLIAM BROWN,
130. 131. and 132. Old Street.

ALIVER CROMWELL AND

\J KING CHARLES. — A FAC-SIMILE

of an exceedingly curious and interesting
NEWSPAPER, published during the Com-
monwealth, announcing the DEATH of
OLIVER CROMWELL. Also, a Fac-Simile
of KING CHARLES'S NEWSPAPER, con-
taining curious Gossip about many Eminent
Persons and Extraordinary Occurrences. Sent
(Post Free) on receipt of 12 Postage Stamps.

Address, J. II. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court,
Holborn, London.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

XX CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS,
Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,

DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Boyal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in hearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz. E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse\
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffter. E. J. Loder, W. II.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry,H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 1", 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's PocketChronometer.Gold,
50 guineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 2l.,3l., and il. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

WHITEFIELB'S PULPIT.

THE Executrix of a deceased
Clergyman, amongst other interesting
local Relies collected by her late husband, is
possessed of the PULPIT in which Whiiefield
is supposed to have preached his First Sermon ;
and, at the time of the restoration of St. Mary-
de-Cryps, Gloucester, passed into the present
owner's possession.

The Pulpit is Oak, with carved panels, in
shape hectagonal, and has a sounding-board.
Application for farther particulars to be
addressed to

MESSRS. DA VIES & SON, Booksellers,
Gloucester.

ROSS & SONS' INSTANTA-
NEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell,
the best and cheapest extant. _ ROSS & SONS
have several private apartments devoted en-
tirely to Dyeing the Hair, and particularly re-
quest a visit, especially from the incredulous,
as they will undertake to dye a portion of their
hair, without charging, of any colour required,
from the lightest brown to the darkest black,
to convince them of its effect.

Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d„ 10s., 15s., and
20s. each case. Likewise wholesale to the
Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.

Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bi-
shopsgate Street, Six Doors from Cornhill,
London.

ONE THOUSAND BED-
STEADS TO CHOOSE FROM. _
HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises handsomely
Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads,
Children's Cribs and Cots of new and elegant
designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufac-
ture, many of them fitted with Furnitures,
complete. A large Assortment of Servants'
and Portable Bedsteads. They have also every
variety of Furniture for the complete furnish-
ing of a Bed Room.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND
PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS
AND BEDDING, sent Free by Post.

HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

556

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 241.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGBAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish ami Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size"! - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, "Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice. . „ „ _,

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF
PHOTOGBAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.
—At this Institution, Ladies and Gentlemen
may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and
Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Ap-
paratus for Five Pounds. No charge is made
for the Instruction.

WHOLESALE PHOTOGRA-
PHIC DEPOT: DANIEL M'MIL-
LAN, 132. Fleet Street, London. The Cheapest
House in Town for every Description of
Photographic Apparatus, Materials, and Che-
micals.

#** Price List Free on Application.

rtOLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton s cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire. ..'.-. ,.*

"Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phic^ Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMGE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by
BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

L DION— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists ,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they mav say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND PO-
SITIVE PAPER PBOCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art. —
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWTLL AND MORGAN 'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A- ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn : the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

Patronised by the Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is
acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. 6rl. ; double size, 4s. 6d. ; 7s. 6d.
equal to 4 small; lis. to 6 small: 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT

does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joint* in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. 6rf. Sent
Free by BEETIf AM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street :
JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOITLDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork: BARRY, 9. Main
Street, Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROfJT, 229.
Strand : KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY. 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

PHOTOGRAPHY.

ON THE PRODUCTION OF
"WAXED-PAPER NEGATIVES, by
JAMES HOW. —Just published in THE
CHEMIST, a Monthly Journal of Chemical
and Physical Science. Edited by JOHN and
CHARLES "WATT. June. Price Is.

London : SAMUEL HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet
Street.

W

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. "White, Esq.

J. Carter "Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
"W. Evans, Esq.
"W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. ;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — "William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.— Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Bates of Premium for Assuring
100'.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits : —

Age

£ s. d.

Age

£ s. d.

17 -

- 1 14 4

32-

- 2 10 8

22 -

- 1 18 8

37-

- 2 18 6

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6(7.. Second Edition,
with material additions. INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TRE *TISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&C With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER

/\_ ALE. - MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
ore now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King "William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Cramp ton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, mar
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
" ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE " being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLbOPP
& SONS" written across it.

, Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No.> New Street Square, in tta Parish of
City of London , and published by Geokoe Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of bt. Dunstau in the West, mine

Printed by Thom*
St. Bride, in the City c. _
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid — Saturday, June 10. 18o4.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTEK-COMMUNICATION
for

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 242.]

Saturday, June 17. 1854.

C Price Fourpence.

i Stamped Edition, 5<f.

CONTENTS.

Notes : — Page

Political Predictions, by Henry H.

Breen ----- 559
Derivation of the Word "Bigot" - 560

"Book of Almanacs," by Professor De

Morgan - - - - - 561

Minor Notes : — Distances at which

Sounds have been heard — Anagram

— Logan or Rocking Stones - - 5S1

■Queries: —

A Rubens Query - - - - 561

The Paxs Pennies of William the Con-
queror - 662

Minor Queries : — Peculiar Customs
at Preston, in Lancashire — Obsolete
Statutes — Sale of Offices and Salaries
in the Seventeenth Century — Board
of Trade — Sacheverell's and Charles
Lamb's Residences in the Temple —
Braddock and Orme - - - 562

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Cromwell's Bible — Canne's Bible —
Dryden and Luke Milbourne— Portrait
Painters of the last Century — ^Kinii

— Sir Adam, or Sir Ambrose, Brown 563

Replies : —

Norwich, Kirkpatrick Collection of
MSS. for the History of, by B. B.

Woodward, &c. - - - - 564

Early German Coloured Engravings - 565
The Bellman at Newgate, by J. W.

Farrer - 565

Herbert's " Church Porch " - - 566

Ancient Usages of the Church - - 566

Popiana, by R. Carruthers - - 568

Oatholic Floral Directories - - 568

S?HOTOORAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : — Mr.

Lyte's New Instantaneous Process

Photographs, &c. of the Crystal Palace

— Soluble Cotton — Cameras - - 570

.Replies to Minor Queries : — Shak-
upeare Portrait — " Aches " — " Waes-
tart " — Willow Bark in Ague — Lord
Fairfax — The Young Pretender —
Dobney's Bowling-green ; Wildman ;
t3ampson — Palasologus — Children by
one Mother — Robert Brown the Sepa-
ratist — Hero of the " Spanish Lady's
Love"— Niagara — Hymn attributed to
Handel — Marquis of Granby — Con-
vocation and the Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel — Cassie

"Three cats sat," &c. — Tailless Cats

— Francklyn Household Book

" Violet-crowned "Athens — Smith of
.Nevis and St. Kitt's — Hydropathy —
Leslie and Dr. Middleton — Lord
Brougham and Home Tooke — Irish
Rhymes — Cabbages — Sir William
" Usher," not " Upton" — " Buckle "

— Cornwall Family _ John of Gaunt
— " Wellesley" or " Wesley"— Mantel-
piece— " Perturbabantur," &c. — Edi-
tion of " Othello " — Perspective —
"Go to Bath," &c. - - - 571

Miscellaneous : —

Books and Odd Volumes Wanted
Notices to Correspondents

Vol. IX.— No. 242.

Multa? terricolis linguas, ccelestibus una.

SAMUEL BAGSTER
AND SONS'

GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent
Free by Post. It contains Lists of
Quarto Family Bibles ; Ancient
English Translations ; Manuscript-
notes Bibles ; Polyglot Bibles in eTery variety
of Size and Combination of Language ; Pa-
rallel-passages Bibles ; Greek Critical and
other Testaments ; Polyglot Books of Common
Prayer ; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many
Other Languages, in great variety ; Aids to the
Study of the Old Testament and of the New
Testament ; and Miscellaneous Biblical and
other Works. By Post Free.

London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS,
15. Paternoster Row.

Iio/./.ai ,u.ty whqttot VXatrra.!, fj-ia. 3'
Atiava.TOtiriv.

This Day, Two Volumes, crown octavo, 14s.

HISTORY AND THEOLOGY
OF THE THREE CREEDS. By
W ILLIAM WIGAN HARVEY, M . A., Rector
of Buckland, Herts, late Fellow of King's Col-
lege, Cambridge.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON.
Cambridge: DEIGHTON.

This Day, the First Volume, from Septua-
gesima Sunday to the Second Sunday after
Trinity inclusive, post octavo, 7s. 6d.

QERMONS ON THE SUNDAY

O HISTORICAL LESSONS from the
OLD TESTAMENT throughout the Year.
By HENRY ARTHUR WOODGATE, B.D.,
Honorary Canon of Worcester, and Rector of
Belbroughton. To be completed in Two Vo-
lumes, or Six Parts, containing Fifty-six
Sermons in all.

London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
West Strand.

Now ready, No. VIL (for May), price 2s. 6d.,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from. Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6<J., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

GLASGOW CATHEDRAL.

Will be published on or about 15th June, with
Plan and Historical Notice,

FOUR VIEWS OF THE CA-
THEDRAL CHURCH OF GLASGOW,
drawn on Stone from Original Sketches, and

Erinted in the first style of Chromolithography
y MESSRS. N. J. HOLMES & CO., Glasgow.
Complete in Ornamental Wrapper, price One
Guinea.

London : MESSRS. BERING & REMING-
TON, Regent Street.
Glasgow: N. J. HOLMES & CO., Cochran
Street ; MORISON & KYLE, Queen Street.

AMERICAN BOOKS.— LOW,
SON, & CO., as the Importers and Pub-
lishers of American Books in this Country,
have recently issued a detailed Catalogue of
their Stock in Theology, History, Travels,
Biography, Practical Science, Fiction, &c, a
Copy of which will be forwarded upon appli-
cation.

By arrangements with the American Pub-
lishers, all Works of known or anticipated
interest will in future be published by LOW,
SON, & CO., simultaneously with their appear-
ance in America. Works not in stock ob-
tained within six weeks of order. Lists of
Importations forwarded regularly when de-
sire 1.

Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants
and Shippers, and the Trade, supplied on ad-
vantageous terms.

Small enclosures taken for weekly case to
the United States at a moderate charge.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

OP

GREAT BRITAIN.

The ANNUAL MEETING will be held
at CAMBRIDGE, commencing Tuesday,
July 4, and closing July 11.

Patron.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE

ALBERT, Chancellor of the University.

President.

THE LORD TALBOT DE MALAHIDE.

F.S.A.

Presidents of Sections.
History — Edwin Guest, Esq., LL.D., Master
of Gonville and Caius College.

A ntiquities.
F.S.A.

• The Hon. Richard Neville,

Architecture. —The Rev. W. Whewell, D.D.,
Master of Trinity College.

Programmes may be obtained at the Offices
of the Institute, 26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall.

GEORGE VULLIAMY, Sec.

"It is conducted with ability, industry, and
learning." — Nottingham Mercury.

Now ready, price Is. 6d., the Half-yearly Vo-
lume (January to June, 1854), of the

BRITISH CONTROVERSIAL-
IST AND MAGAZINE OF SELF-
CULTURE. Containing interesting Debates
on Episcopacy, Presbyterianism, or Congrega-
tionalism — Communications from a Spiritual
World — Napoleon Buonaparte— Justice to
Scotland — Slavery.

A series of Articles on European Philosophy,
and " Self-Culture."

Essays on Poetry — Modern Poets — Build-
ing Societies : their Constitution and Advan-
tages—Language— Phonetics, &c. Informa-
tion in answer to numerous questions, on the
plan of " Notes and Queries." Also a
Monthly List of New Books, Literary Intelli-
gence, Notices of Books, &c.

The BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST is
also published on the first of every month, in
Parts, price Threepence each, containing Forty
Pages of superior Letterpress, with a Wrapper
devoted to Notices to Correspondents.

London : HOULSTON & STONEMAN.

558

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

Third Edition, considerably enlarged, with
numerous Illustrations, fcp. 8vo., 4*. 6d.

T\R. ALBERT J. BERNAYS'

\J HOUSEHOLD CHEMISTRY ; or,

Rudiments of the Science applied to Every-
day Life.

SAMPSON LOW & SON, 47. Ludeate Hill.

MISS STKICKS.AKD'S

SCOTTISH QUEENS.
A Second Edition of Vols. I. and II. of

T IVES OF THE QUEENS

JU OF SCOTLAND, AND ENGLISH

PRINCESSES connected with the Regal Suc-
cession of Great Britain. By AGNES
STRICKLAND.

The Volumes publ ished contain : — 1 . Life of
Margaret Tudor, Magdalene of France, and
Mary of Lorraine. 2. Continuation of Mary
of Lorraine, Margaret Douglas, Countess of
Lennox. 3. and 4. Life of Mary Stuart.

Price 10«. 6d. each, with Portraits and His-
torical Vignettes.

The Fifth Volume will be published early in
Summer.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

SIR ARCHIBALD AXXSOICT'S
NEW HISTORY.

This Day is published, price 15s., the Third
Volume of

THE HISTORY OF EUROPE,
from the Fall of Napoleon to the Ac-
cession of Louis Napoleon. By SIR ARCHI-
BALD ALISON, BART., D.C.L.

Contents of this Volume :

Asia Minor, Greece, Turkey, in 1821 — The
Greek Revolution, Battle of Navarino, and
Establishment of Greek Independence — The
War between Russia and Turkey, 1827-1829 —
France to the Revolution of 1830— Domestic
History of England to the Monetary Crisis of
1825, &c. &c.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

3VIR. FIJXIXAY'S KEW
"WORK.

This Day is published, in 8vo., price 15s.,

HISTORY OF THE BYZAN-
TINE and GREEK EMPIRES -from
1057 to the Storming and Suck of Constanti-
nople by the Crusaders in 1204 ; and from 1204
to the Siege and Capture of Constantinople by
the Turks under Mohammed H. in 1453. By
GEORGE FINLAY, ESQ.

Lately published, by the same Author,

GREECE UNDER THE

ROMANS, b.c. 146, to a.d. 717. 8vo. 16s.

HISTORY OF THE BY-

ZANTINE EMPIRE, 716 to 1057. 8vo. 12s.

HISTORY OF GREECE,

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

In One Volume 8vo., price 14».,

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH
PROTESTANT REFUGEES from the
REVOCATION or the EDICT of NANTES
to the PRESENT TIME. By CHARLES

WEISS, Professor of History at the Lycee
Buonaparte. Translated, with the assistance
of the Author, by F. HARDMAN.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

HISTORY OF MISSIONS.

This Day is published, a New Edition, being
the Third,

HISTORY OF THE PROPA-
GATION OF CHRISTIANITY
AMONG THE HEATHEN SINCE THE
REFORMATION. By the REV. WILLIAM
BROWN, M.D., Secretary of the Scottish Mis-
sionary Society. Third Edition, brought down
to the Present Time. In Three Volumes,
demy 8vo. Price 36s.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.

OHAKSPERIANDISCOVERY.

O — An important Shaksperian discovery,
by George Wightwick, Esq., is given in the
current Number of the "CRITIC," London
Literary Journal. Also all the Literature
of the day. and the new WAR BOOKS. A
Copy, Post Free, for Six Stamps.

OFFICE, 29. Essex Street, Strand.

This Day, in one vol. Svo., 18s.

TRANSCAUCASIA : Sketches
of the NATIONS and RACES between
the BLACK SEA and the CASPIAN. By
BARON VON HAXTnAUSEN, Author of
" Sturiien tlber die innern Zustiinde Russ-
lands." With Illustrations by C. GRAEB.
Printed in Colours by LEIGHTON.

London : CHAPMAN & HALL,
193. Piccadilly.

pHEAP BOOKS.— RICHARD

\J JAMES BELL, Bookseller, 17. Bedford
Street, Covent Garden, has ON SALE the
following Cheap Works, viz. : — Portrait Gal-
lery of Poets, Philosophers, Statesmen, &c,
complete in Parts, fine subscription copy. 21.,

Published at 31., 1853 ; Figures to Bewick's
listories of Birds and Quadrupeds, with the
Vignettes taken off as proofs without letter-
press, 4 vols. 4to., half-morocco, fine and rare,
31. 3s., 1825 ; Bewick's Vignettes, India paper
proofs of 314 exquisite tailpieces, mounted
on crayon paper, imp. 8vo., half-morocco,
21. 12s. 6cl. ; Clarendon's History of the Rebel-
lion, 7 vols. 8vo., calf extra, 3/. 6s., 1849 i Edin-
burgh Review, trom commencement in 1802 to
1844. 80 vols., and 1 Index vol., 8vo., calf and
half-calf (not uniform), only 51. 10s. ; Lock-
hart's Life of Sir W. Scott, 7 vols. Svo., cloth,
24s.. 1837; Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographica,
a Manual of Theological and General Litera-
ture, 21 Parts complete, 1/. 17s. 6d., just pub-
lished at 21. 12s. 6d., 1854 ; Robertson's Lite of
Charles V., 4 vols. 8vo., half-calf, 7s. 6rf., 1806 ;
Beautiful India paper proof of Thomas Be-
wick's celebrated cut, " The Chillingham
Wild Bull," extremely rare, 12s. ed. ; Robin-
eon's Scripture Characters, by Hall, 4 vols.
8vo., cloth, 15s.. published at 24s., 1837 ;
Voyages of Captain Cook round the World,
2 vols, imperial 8vo., cuts, cloth, 20s. ; Bewick's
History of Quadrupeds, Svo., half-morocco,
15s.. 1791 ; Froissart's Chronicles, translated
by Johnes, 2 vols, thick 8to., cloth, 25s., 1848 ;
The Harmonist, or Musical Cabinet, 2 vols,
folio, half-calf extra, 20s„ 1853. For a more
detailed list of Works, equally cheap, see
R. J. Bell's Catalogues, which are published
monthly, and may be had Gratis, or Post Free
on gentlemen forwarding two Stamps to the
above address.

ROSS & SONS' INSTANTA-
NEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell,
the best and cheapest extant. — ROSS & SONS
have several private apartments devoted en-
tirely to Dyeing the Hair, and particularly re-
quest a visit, especially from the incredulous,
as they will undertake to dye a portion of their
hair, without chaiging, of any colour required,
from the lightest brown to the darkest black,
to convince them of its effect.

Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., Ins., 15s., and
20s. each case. Likewise wholesale to the
Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.

Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bi-
shopsgate Street, Six Doors from Cornhill,
London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - - 1 1 0

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - - 3 3 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 5 0

Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour ana!
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taken at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,

168. New Bond Street.

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF
PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.
—At this Institution, Ladies and Gentlemen
may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and
Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Ap-
paratus for Five Pounds. No charge is made
for the Instruction.

/COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton: cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phicol Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

TMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

X DION.— J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded m producing a Collodion
equal, they mav say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

WHOLESALE PHOTOGRA-
PHIC DEPOT: DANIEL M'MIL-
LAN, 132. Fleet Street, London. The Cheapest
House in Town for every Description of
Photographic Apparatus, Materials, and Che-
micals.

*** Price List Free on Application.

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

559

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 17, 1854.
POLITICAL PREDICTIONS.

It would be interesting, and perhaps not wholly
unprofitable, to bring together the various at-
tempts that have been made to shadow forth the
approaching crisis in the political world. As
literary curiosities, such things may be worth
preserving ; and I therefore send you a few sam-
ples as a contribution.

The first is from the Abbe De la Mennais,
whose words, uttered about twenty years ago, are
thus given in a provincial paper :

* England, like all other countries, has had her
period of aggrandisement ; during a whole century
Europe has seen her dawning ahove the horizon until,
having attained her highest degree of splendour, she
has begun to decline, and this decline dates from the
day of which the fall of Napoleon, due principally to
her exertions, marked the most brilliant period of her
glory. Since that time her policy has undergone a
striking change, which every year becomes more evi-
dent. Instead of that vigour and promptitude of reso-
lution of which she used to give so many proofs (though
they could not all be praised alike, because there were
more than one act repugnant to morality), she is now
timid, she hesitates, she labours painfully through the
dark and crooked paths of diplomacy, and substitutes
intrigue for action ; incapable, it would seem, of tak-
ing a decisive part at the right moment, even on the
most momentous occasions. The English nation has
evidently lost its strength, or the belief in its strength ;
and as to actual results, one differs not from the other.
Look at this England, so haughty, so wedded to her
interests, so skilful formerly in defending them, so bold
in extending their influence over the whole world ;
look at her now in the presence of Russia. Humbled,
braved by that young power, one would say that she
trembles before its genius. The Czars exercise over
her a species of fascination which disturbs her councils
and relaxes the muscles of her robust arms. The con-
quests of the Russians in the East menace the posses-
sions of England in India ; they close the Dardanelles
to her fleets, they shut out her commerce from the
mouths of the Danube and the shores of the Black
Sea. After what fashion would she have resisted these
things thirty years ago ?"

The next quotation is from Alison's History of
Europe from the Fall of Napoleon, published in
1852. In chap. i. p. 68., after citing some lines
from Gray on Education and Government, he thus
proceeds :

" It will be so to the end of the world ; for in the
north, and there alone, are found the privations which
insure hardihood, the poverty which impels to con-
quest, the difficulties which rouse to exertion. Irre-
sistible to men so actuated is the attraction which the
climate of the south, the riches of civilisation, exercise
on the poverty and energy of the native wilds. Slowly

but steadily, for two centuries, the Muscovite power
has increased, devouring everything which it approaches
— ever advancing, never receding. Sixty-six millions
of men, doubling every half century, now obey the
mandates of the Czar; whose will is law, and who
leads a people whose passion is conquest. Europe
may well tremble at the growth of a power possessed
of such resources, actuated by such desires, led by such
ability ; but Europe alone does not comprise the whole
family of mankind. The great designs of Providence
are working out their accomplishment by the passions
of the free agents to which their execution has been
intrusted. Turkey will yield, Persia be overrun by
Muscovite battalions ; the original birth-place of our
religion will be rescued by their devotion ; and as cer-
tainly as the Transatlantic hemisphere, and the islands
of the Indian Sea, will be peopled by the self-acting
passions of Western democracy, will the plains of Asia
be won to the Cross by the resistless arms of Eastern
despotism."

I shall conclude with two or three extracts from
a pamphlet, published some time last year at
Toronto, and bearing the significant title, The
coming Struggle among the Nations of the Earth ;
or the Political Events of the next Fifteen Years,
S^c. The writer begins by interpreting, as appli-
cable to the present times, the prophecies of
Ezekiel, Daniel, and the Apocalypse, from which
he foretells the following events :

1. The seizure of Constantinople, and over-
throw of Turkey by the Emperor of Russia.

2. War between France and Austria : over-
throw of the latter, and consequent destruction of
the Papacy.

3. The conquest of the Horns or Continental
Powers by the Emperor of Russia.

4. Britain rapidly extends her Eastern posses-
sions, prevents the occupation of Judea, and com-
pletes the first stage of the restoration of the
Jews.

The writer then continues in the following
strain :

" Turning his eyes eastward on the wealth and pros-
perity of the countries under British protection, the
triumphant conqueror of Europe will conceive the idea
of spoiling them, and appropriating their goods and
cattle. Scarcely is this idea formed, than its execution
is begun ; and sudden and terrific as a whirlwind he
enters the ' glorious land.' So sudden and unexpected
is his onslaught, that the British power is unprepared,
and Egypt, Ethiopia, and Libya fall into his hands.

" Meanwhile, Britain has been making strenuous
efforts to stop the progress of this gigantic Napoleon ;
and every soldier that can be spared is sent away in
the direction of the rising sun. But what can the
British army do against such a host as the Russian
autocrat has around him ? Brave as the officers and
men may be, what success or what renown can be
gained in such an unequal conflict? In the critical
emergency, the parent island sends a cry across the
Atlantic, ' Come over and help us ! ' Swiftly is the
sound borne over the waves, and soon an answering

560

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

echo is wafted back from the shores of Columbia.
The cause is common, and the struggle must be com-
mon too. ' We are coming, brother John, we are
coming,' is the noble reply ; and, almost ere it is de-
livered, a fleet of gallant vessels is crossing the Pacific,
with the stars and stripes gleaming on every mast.
Another force is on its way from the far south, and
soon the flower and strength of Anglo-Saxon race
meet on the sacred soil of Palestine. The intelligence
of their approach reaches the sacrilegious usurper, and
he leads forth his army towards the mountains that rise
in glory round about Jerusalem. The Jews within the
city now arm themselves, and join the army that has
come from the east and west, the north and south, for
their protection : and thus these two mighty masses meet
face to face, and prepare for the greatest physical battle
that ever was fought on this struggling earth. On the
one side the motley millions of Russia, and the nations
of Continental Europe, are drawn up on the slopes of
the hills, and the sides of the valleys toward the north ;
while, on the other, are ranged the thousands of
Britain and her offspring ; from whose firm and regular
ranks gleam forth the dark eyes of many of the sons of
Abraham, determined to preserve their newly recovered
city or perish, like their ancestors of a former age, in
its ruins.

" All is ready. That awful pause, which takes place
before the shock of battle, reigns around ; but ere it is
broken by the clash of meeting arms, and while yet the
contending parties are at a little distance from each
other, a strange sound is heard over head. The time
for the visible manifestation of God's vengeance has
arrived, his fury has come up in his face, and He calls
for a sword against Gog throughout all the mountains.
'Tis this voice of the Lord that breaks the solemn
stillness, and startles the assembled hosts. The scene
that follows baffles description. Amid earthquakes
and showers of fire, the bewildered and maddened
armies of the autocrat rush, sword in hand, against
each other, while the Israelites and their Anglo-Saxon
friends gaze on the spectacle with amazement and con-
sternation. It does not appear that they will even lift
their hand against that foe which they had come so far
to meet. Their aid is not necessary to accomplish the
destruction of the image. The stone, cut without
hands, shall fall on its feet and break them to pieces ;
and then shall the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver,
and the gold, become like the chaff of the summer
threshing-floor, and the wind shall carry them away.
The various descriptions which we have of this battle,
all intimate that God is the only foe that shall contend
with the autocrat at Armageddon. John terms it,
•the battle of that great day of God Almighty;' and
we believe the principal instrument of their defeat will
be mutual slaughter. The carnage will be dreadful.
Out of all the millions that came like a cloud upon the
land of Israel, only a scattered and shattered remnant
will return ; the great mass will be left to • cleanse the
land,' and fill the valley of Hamongog with graves."

I refrain from quoting the remarks made by
Napoleon, at St. Helena, respecting Russia, and
the likelihood of lier ultimately subjugating
Western Europe, as your readers must be familiar

with them from the writings of O'Meara and
others. Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

DERIVATION OF THE WORD " BIGOT."

At p. 80. of Mr. Trench's admirable little
volume On the Study of Words, an etymology is
assigned to the word bigot, which is, I think,
clearly erroneous :

" Two explanations of it are current," writes Mr.
Trench, " one of which traces it up to the early Nor-
mans, while they yet retained their northern tongue,
and to their often adjuration by the name of God ; with
sometimes a reference to a famous scene in French
history, in which Rollo, Duke of Normandy, played a
conspicuous part : the other puts it in connexion with
beguines, called often in Latin beguttce, a name by which
certain communities of pietist women were known in
the Middle Ages."

I agree with Mr. Trench in thinking, that neither
of these derivations is the correct one. But I am
obliged, quite as decidedly, to reject that which
he proceeds to offer. He thinks that we owe —

" Bigot rather to that profound impression which the
Spaniards made upon all Europe in the fifteenth and
the following century. Now the word bigote," he con-
tinues, " means in Spanish ' moustachio ; ' and as con-
trasted with the smooth, or nearly smooth, upper lip
of most other people, at that time the Spaniards were
the 'men of the moustachio' . . . That they them-
selves connected firmness and resolution with the mus-
tachio ; that it was esteemed the outward symbol of
these, it is plain from such phrases as ' pombre de
bigote,' a man of resolution ; ' tener bigotes,' to stand
firm. But that in which they eminently displayed
their firmness and resolution in those days was their
adherence to whatever the Roman see imposed and
taught. What then more natural, or more entirely
according to the law of the generation of names, than
that this striking and distinguishing outward feature
of the Spaniard should have been laid hold of to
express that character and condition of mind which
eminently were his, and then transferred to all others
who shared the same?"

Of this it must be admitted, that "se non e
vero, e ben trovato." And the only reason for
rejecting such an etymology is the existence of
another with superior claims.

Bigot is derived, as I think will be hardly
doubted on consideration, from theltalian bigio,
grey. Various religious confraternities, and espe-
cially a branch of the order of St. Francis which,
from being parcel secular and parcel regular, was
called " Terziari di S. Francesco," clothed them-
selves in grey ; and from thence were called Bi-
giocchi and Bigiotii. And from a very early
period, the word was used in a bad sense.

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

561

Menage, in his Origini delta Lingua Italiana,
•under the word Bizoco, writes :

" Persono secolare vestita di abito di religione. Quasi
'bigioco' perche ordinariamente gli Ipocriti, e coloro
che si fanno dell' ordine di S. Francesco si vestono di
bigio."

And Sansovino on the Decameron says that — <

" Bizocco sia quasi Bigioco, o Bigiotto, perche i Terziari
di S. Francesco si veston di bigio."

Abundance of instances might be adduced of
the use of the term bizocco in the sense of hypo-
crite, or would-be saint. And the passage which
Mr. Trench gives after Richardson from Bishop
Hall, where bigot is used to signify a pervert to
Romanism, " he was turned both bigot and physi-
cian," seems to me to favour my etymology rather
than that from the Spanish ; as showing that the
earliest known use of the term was its application
to a Popish religionist. The "pervert" alluded
to had become that which cotemporary Italians
were calling a bigiotto. Must we not conclude
that Bishop Hall drew his newly-coined word
thence ? T. A. T.

Florence.

BOOK OF ALMANACS.

When I published this work, I knew of no pre-
decessor except Francceur, as noted in the pre-
face ; but another has been recently pointed out
to me. There was a work compiled for the use
of the Dominicans, entitled Kalendarium Perpe-
tuumjuxta ritum Sacri ordinis prcedicatorum, s.p. n.
Dominici. The copy now before me, Rome, 1612,
8vo., is said to be " tertio emendatum," which pro-
bably signifies the fourth edition. It contains the
thirty-five almanacs, with rules for determining
epacts and dominical letters from a.d. 1600 to
2100, and a table for choosing the almanac when
the epact and letter are known.

This work must have been compiled before the
reformation of the calendar. A note in explana-
tion of the thirty-fifth almanac, contains the state-
ment that a.d. 1736 belongs to that calendar, and
to the letters D.C. This is true of the old style,
and not of the new.

It seems, then, that Books of Almanacs are older
than the Gregorian reformation: that they may
have been completely forgotten, may be inferred
from my book never having produced any men-
tion of them either in your pages or elsewhere.
Perhaps some older instances may be yet pro-
duced. A. De Morgan.

Distances at which Sounds have been heard. —
The story of St. Paul's clock striking being heard

by a sentry at Windsor is well known, and I
believe authentic. Let me add the following : —
The Rev. Hugh Salvin (who died vicar of Alston,
Cumberland, Sept. 28, 1852) mentions an equally
remarkable instance whilst he was chaplain on
board H.M.S. " Cambridge," on the coast of South
America :

" Our salutes at Chancay were heard at Callao,
though the distance is thirty-five miles, and several
projecting headlands intervene, and the wind always
blows northward. The lieutenant of the Arab store-
ship, to whom the circumstance was mentioned, ob-
served, that upon one occasion the evening gun at
Plymouth was heard at Ilfracomb, which is sixty
miles off, and a mountainous country intervenes." —
Journal of the Rev. H. S. Salvin, p. 64., 12mo. : New-
castle-on-Tyne, 1829.

Balliolensis.

Anagram. — The accompanying anagram I saw,
some weeks back, in a country paper ; perhaps
you will give it a local habitation in " N. & Q."
It is said to be by a president of one of the com-
mittees of the arrondissement of Valenciennes :

" A sa majeste imperiale Le Szar Nicholas, souverain
et autocrate de toutes les Russies."

" Oho ! ta vanite sera ta perte ; elle isole la Russie ;
tes successeurs te maudiront a jamais."

Philip Strange.

Logan or Hocking Stones. — The following ex-
tract from Sir C. Anderson's Eight Weeks' Journal
in Norway, Sec. in 1852, under July 21, may in-
terest your Devonshire and Cornish readers :

" Mr. De C k, a most intelligent Danish gentle-
man, told me, that when a proprietor near Draramen,
was at Bjornholm Island, in the Baltic, he was told
there were stones which made a humming noise when
pushed, and on examination they proved to be rocking-
stones ; on his return, he found on his own property
several large stones, which, on removing the earth
around them, were so balanced as to be moveable. If
this be an accurate statement, it tends to strengthen
the notion that stones, laid upon each other by natural
causes, have, by application of a little labour, been
made to move, as the stones at Brimham Craggs in
Yorkshire ; and this seems more likely than that such
immense masses should have been ever raised by me-
chanical force and poised."

Balliolensis.

<&utxit£.

A RUBENS QUERY.

There is a somewhat curious mystery with
regard to certain works of the immortal Rubens,
which some of your readers, who are connoisseurs
in art, may possibly assist to dispel. Lommeline,
who engraved the finest works of Rubens, has
left a print of " The Judgment of Paris," which

562

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

differs in several points from the subject of " The
Decision of Paris," now in the National Gallery.
For instance, in the one, Paris rests the apple
upon his knee, and in the other he is offering it to
the fair goddess of Beauty. This print has also
five more figures than there are in the Gallery
painting. Now, two questions arise hereon : first,
what has become of the original painting from
which this print was taken ? and secondly, where
is the line engraving of the picture now in the
National Gallery ? J. J. S.

Downshire Hill, Hampstead.

THE PAXS PENNIES OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEEOE.

Perhaps some of your numerous readers may be
able to satisfy me on a subject which has for a
long time troubled me.

All coin collectors are aware that there are many
different reverses to the pennies of William I.
One is commonly called the pax-type : and why,
is the question.

On the obverse, it is " pillm rex," or sometimes
differently spelt; but "p" always stands for "w,"
and pronounced so.

On the reverse, it is r a x s (each letter being
encircled), but the "p" is here pronounced "p;"
this is in the centre compartment : surrounding it
is the moneyer's name, with place where the coin
was struck — "edpi (Edwi) on lvnd," "godpine
(Godwine) on lvnd," &c. It is very inconsistent
that letters should be pronounced differently on
the same coin.

I am rather of opinion that we have not arrived
at the right reading, and that pax has nothing to
do with it. It is paxs, axsp, xspa, or spax : for
I find, on comparing nineteen different coins, the
letters stand in different positions compared with
the cross, which denotes the beginning of the in-
scription around them ; so no one can tell which
letter of the four in the circles near the large
cross should come first. Besides, what does the
" s " stand for, after you get the " pax ? "

I am not a member of the Antiquarian Society,
but have asked gentlemen belonging to it to ex-
plain this puzzle (to me), without success. I now
ask them and others, through your pages, to give
a solution of the difficulty. W. M. F.

Minor IMtxiti.

Peculiar Customs at Preston, in Lancashire. — I
wish to know if it be true that the use of mourning
is nearly, if not altogether, discountenanced at the
above town, even for the loss of the nearest and
dearest friends ; and that a widow's cap is only
worn by those to whom another husband would
be particularly acceptable ? If these, and other

peculiar customs prevail, I wish some correspon-
dent from Lancashire would kindly enlighten the
readers of " N. & Q." with respect to them.

Anon.
Obsolete Statutes. — There was published, in the
pamphlet form (pp. 61.), in 1738, a capital piece
of irony under the title of —

" A Letter to a Member of Parliament, containing
a Proposal for bringing in a Bill to revise, amend, or
repeal certain Obsolete Statutes, commonly called ' The
Ten Commandments.' 4th Edition."

As this will doubtless be known to some of your
readers, may I ask the name of the author, and
the occasion of its publication ? J. O.

Sale of Offices and Salaries in the Seventeenth
Century. — Has the subject of the sale of offices
in former times ever been investigated ? In the
reign of Charles II., a new secretary of state, lord
chamberlain, &c, always paid a large sum of
money to his predecessor, the king often helping
to find the required sum. Was this the case
with all offices ? I do not think the lord chan-
cellorship was ever paid for. When and how did
the practice originate, and when and how fall into
disuse ? Has the subject of salaries of offices (in-
cluding fees) in these times ever been accurately
investigated ? What were the emoluments of the
lord chancellor, chancellor of the exchequer, and
president of the council, in the reign of Charles ?

C.H.

Board of Trade. — A council for trade was
appointed during the recess of the Convention
Parliament after the Restoration. Are the names
of that council anywhere published? Did this
council continue to exist till the appointment (I
think in 1670) of the Council of Trade, of which
Lord Sandwich was made president ? C. H.

SachevereWs and Charles LamFs Residences in the
Temple. — In which house in Crown Office Bow,
Temple, was Charles Lamb born ? and which
were the chambers occupied by Dr. Sacheverell,
also in the Temple, at the time of the riots caused
by his admirers ?

An Admirer of tour Publication.

Braddock and Orme. — Can you, or any of your
correspondents, furnish me (in reply to an inquiry
made of me by the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania) with any information about the families of
Braddock and Orme, in relation to General Brad-
dock, who commanded and was killed at the battle
of the Monongahela river ; and to Orme, who, with
Washington and Morris, were his aides-de-camp
in the melancholy and fatal engagement.

F. O. Morris.

Nunburnholme Rectory, York.

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

563

Minor litems! toft!) 3Ut£to«£.

CromwelVs Bible. — I have seen it stated that
an edition of the Bible, " printed by John Field,
one of his Highness's Printers, 1658," in 12mo.,
London, was printed by order of Cromwell for
distribution to his soldiers. Can any of your
correspondents furnish authority for such tra-
dition ? It is one of the most incorrectly printed
books which I ever met with. In Cotton's list I
do not find this edition : he has one in 8vo., 1657,
Cambridge, J. Field. W. C. Trevelyan.

[George Offbr, Esq., of Hackney, has kindly fa-
voured us with a reply to this and the following
Query : " Eighteen different editions of the Bible,
printed by John Field, are in my collection, published
between the years 1648 and 1666. In some of these
he is described as printer to the University of Cam-
bridge, in others as ' One of His Highness's Printers ; '
but in those which tradition says were published for
the army, he is called ■ Printer to the Parliament.'
They are all as correctly printed as Bibles were gene-
rally published during that time, excepting that by
Giles Calvert the Quaker, published in 1653, which
is singularly correct and beautiful. Field's editions
being remarkable for beauty of typography and small-
ness, have been much examined, and many errors de-
tected. That of 165S is the most beautiful and called
genuine, and is the copy said to have been printed for
the use of the army and navy. Of this I have five
different editions, all agreeing in the error in Matthew,
ch. vi. v. 24., ' Ye cannot serve and mammon ; ' and in
having the first four psalms on one page. But in some
the following errors are corrected, 1 Cor. vi. v. 9.,
• The unrighteous shall inherit the kingdom of God ; '
Rom. ch. vi. v. 13., ' Neither yield ye your members
as instruments of righteousness unto sin.' The copy of
1658, which Sir W. C. Trevelyan describes, is a coun-
terfeit of the genuine edition of 1653, vulgarly called
' The Bastard Field's Bible.' These were reprinted
many times. I possess four different editions of it, so
exactly alike in form and appearance, that the variations
throughout can only be detected by placing them in
juxtaposition. They are all neatly printed, without
a black line between the columns, and make thicker
volumes than the genuine edition. I have never been
able to verify the tradition that the Field's Bible,
1653, was printed for the army by order of Cromwell.
It is the only one, as far as I can discover, • Printed by
John Field, Printer to the Parliament' I received
the tradition from my father nearly sixty years ago,
and have no doubt but that it is founded in fact. It is
an inquiry well worthy of investigation. — G. Offor."]

Canne's Bible. — What is the value of a good
copy of Canne's Bible, printed at Edinburgh by
John Kincaid, 1756 ? Sigma.

[" Canne's Bibles were first printed at Amsterdam,
1647, 1662, and 1664; in London, 1682, 1684, 1698 :
these are all pocket volumes. Then again in Amster-
dam, 4to., 1700. At Edinburgh by Watkins in 1747,
and by Kincaid in 1766; after which there followed

editions very coarsely and incorrectly printed. They
are all, excepting that of 1647, in my collection. Kin-
caid's, 1766, 2 vols, nonpareil, in beautiful condition,
bound in green morocco, cost me five shillings. That
of 1747, by Watkins, not in such fine condition, two
shillings. Sigma can readily imagine the value of
Kincaid's edition 1756, by comparison with those of
1747 and 1766. If any of your readers could assist
me to procure the first edition, 1647, I should be
greatly obliged. — G. Offor."]

Dryden and Luke Milbourne. — Among the
" Quarrels of Authors," I do not find that between
glorious John and this reverend gentleman. In a
poetical paraphrase of The Christians Pattern, by
the latter (8vo., 1697), he shows unmistakeable evi-
dence of having been lately skinned by the witty
tribe, which I take to mean Dryden and his
atheistical crew. I am aware that Milbourne in-
vited the attack by his flippant remarks upon the
English Virgil, but I know not in which piece of
Dryden's to look for it. J. O.

[Dryden's attack on Milbourne occurs in his preface
to the Fables (Scott's edition of his Works, vol. xi.
p. 235. ). "As a corollary to this preface," says Dry-
den, "in which I have done justice to others, I owe
somewhat to myself; not that I think it worth my
time to enter the lists with one Milbourne and one
Blackmore, but barely to take notice that such men
there are, who have written scurrilously against me
without any provocation. Milbourne, who is in orders,
pretends, amongst the rest, this quarrel to me, that I
have fallen foul on priesthood ; if I have, I am only to
ask pardon of good priests, and am afraid his part of
the reparation will come to little. Let him be satisfied
that he shall not be able to force himself upon me for
an adversary. I contemn him too much to enter into
competition with him." A little lower down Dryden
hints that Milbourne lost his living for writing a libel
upon his parishioners.]

Portrait Painters of the last Century. — I am.
anxious to obtain some information respecting the
portrait painters of the last century. I have in
my collection a picture by H. Smith, 1736. Can
any of your readers give me an account of him ?

DuRANDUS.

[A biographical list, alphabetically arranged, of
portrait painters, is given in Hobbes's Picture Col-
lector's Manual; being a Dictionary of Painters, vol. ii.
pp.467 — 515., edit. 1849 ; a useful work of the kind.
The name of H. Smith is not noticed. ]

JEtna. — To whom can the following passage
refer ?

" We found a good inn here (Catania), kept by one
Caca Sangue, a name that sounds better in Italian than
it would in English. This fellow is extremely plea-
sant and communicative, and among other things he

told us that Mr. , who has published such a

minute description of his journey to the crater of
JEtna, was never there, but sick in Catania when his

564

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

party ascended, he having been their guide." — Travels
through Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, §r., vol. ii. p. 21., by
Thomas Watkins, A.M., F.R.S., in the years 1787,
1788, 1789; 2 vols. 8vo., 2nd edition, London, 1794.

Anon.

[The reference is probably to M. D'Orville, whose
minute description of his journey up Mount iEtna
was copied into the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xxxiv.
p. 281., extracted from D'Orville's work, entitled
Sicula, or the History and Antiquities of the Island of
Sicily, §"c., 2 vols, folio, Amsterdam.]

Sir Adam, or Sir Ambrose, Brown. — This
friend of Evelyn, who lived at Betchworth Park,
is sometimes called Sir Adam, and sometimes Sir
Ambrose, in Evelyn's Memoirs. Is not Sir Adam
the correct name ? C. H.

[The entries in Evelyn's Diary seem to be correct.
Sir Ambrose Brown, obit. 1661, was the father of Sir
Adam, obit. 1690. See the pedigree in Manning and
Bray's Surrey, vol. i. p. 560.]

&ej)lteg.

NORWICH, K.IRKPATBICK COLLECTION OT MSS. TOE
THE HISTORY OT.

(Vol. ix., p. 515.)

Your correspondent T. A. T. can find a full,
but in one respect a most unsatisfactory reply to
his inquiry, in the preface to a History of the
Religious Orders and Communities, and of the
Hospital and Castle of Norwich, by Mr. John
Kirkpatrick, Treasurer of the Great Hospital,
bearing the names of Edwards and Hughes,
London, and Stevenson and Hatchett, Norwich,
as publishers, and dated 1845. This volume was
printed at the expense of Hudson Gurney, Esq.,
whose " well-known liberality and laudable desire
to perpetuate the knowledge of the antiquities of
his native city," the preface fitly records ; but it
was not, in the commercial sense of the word,
published ; and, therefore, the information it gives
may not be generally accessible. The following is
the list of the collections which were " safe in the
custody of the corporation about thirty years ago
(say between 1800 and 1810), when M. de Hague
held the office of town-clerk."

"1. A thick volume of the early history and jurisdic-
tion of the city ; date 1 720.

2. A similar folio volume, being an account of the

military state of the city, its walls, towns, ponds,
pits, wells, pumps, &c. ; date 1722.

3. A thick quarto.

4. Several large bundles, foolscap folio; Annals of

Norwich.

5. A fasciculus, foolscap folio ; origin'of charities and

wills relating thereto, in each parish.

6. Memorandum books of monuments.

7. Ditto of merchants' marks.

8. Ditto of plans of churches.

9. Paper containing drawings of the city gates, and a

plan of Norwich.

10. Drawings of all the churches.

11. An immense number of small pieces of paper, con-

taining notes of the tenures of each house in Nor-
wich."
No portion of these collections remains at present
in the hands of the legatees, and the greater number
of them is not so much as known to be in existence^
The " thick quarto," marked "3" in the list, is that
which Mr. Gurney' s zeal has caused to be printed ;
and it is now the property of the representatives of
the late Mr. William Herring of Hethersett, whose
father purchased it many years ago of a bookseller.
The paper marked " 9 " was " said to have been in
the possession of the Friars' Society," which was
discovered some twenty years ago. My father had
tracings of the "Drawings of the City Gates;"
but I am not sure that they are made from Kirk-
patrick's original. The collection marked " 10,"
my father saw " in the possession of Mr. William
Matthews, Mr. De Hague's clerk." And "a por-
tion of the papers included under the last number'*
was said to be existence in 1845 ; but Mr. Dawson
Turner, who compiled the " Preface," was " not
fully informed" respecting them, and I can throw no
light upon the subject. It is very remarkable that
the Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Association
has done nothing for the recovery or discovery of
the remainder of this invaluable bequest ; perhaps-
the inquiry of T. A. T. may incite them to attempt
both, and in this hope I trouble you with this reply.

B. B. Woodward^
Bungay, Suffolk.

In the year 1845, one of the MSS. of Mr. John
Kirkpatrick was printed at Yarmouth, edited by
Mr. Dawson Turner, at the expense of Mr, Hudson
Gurney. This MS. is the History of the Religious
Orders and Communities, and of the Hospital and
Castle of Norwich, and filled a quarto of 258 folios
in the handwriting of the author. In a very in-
teresting preface, the editor states that no portion
of Kirkpatrick's bequest remains at present in the
hands of the corporation of Norwich, or is even
known to be in existence, except the volume thus
edited, and perhaps some fragments of the " small
pieces of paper," described in the will as " con-
taining notes of the tenure of each house in Nor-
wich," which, if such do exist, are, it is to be
feared, so scattered and injured as to be useless.
The editor enumerates and describes eleven MSS.
which, he says, were safe in the custody of the
corporation about forty years ago from the present
time : but, he adds, they have now disappeared,
with the exception of the volume which he has
edited. This MS. is the property of the repre-
sentatives of the late Mr. William Herring, of
Hethersett, whose father purchased it of a book-
seller. F. C. H.

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

565

EARLY GERMAN COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.

(Vol. ix., p. 57.)

H.'s prints are probably cut from a work on
Alchemy, entitled

" Lambspring, das 1st ein herzlichen Tcutsclier
Tractat vom philosophischen Steine, welchen fur Jah-
ren ein adelicher Teutscher Philosophus so Lampert
Spring geheissen, mit schonen Figuren beschreiben
bat. Frankfurt-am-Main, bey Lucca Jennis zu fin-
den." 1625, 4to. pp. 36.

The series of plates extends to fifteen, among
which are those described by H. Some are re-
markable for good drawing and spirited expres-
sion, and all are good for the time. The verses
which belong to Plate 2. are printed on the back
of Plate 1., and so on, which rendered transcrip-
tion necessary on mounting them. Each repre-
sents, figuratively, one of the steps towards the
philosopher's stone. Some have Latin explana-
tions at the foot. Not understanding alchemy, I
can appreciate them only as works of art. An
account of one as a specimen may be of some in-
terest, so I select the least unintelligible.

Plate 6. A dragon eating his own tail.
Above :

Below

Das ist gross Wundr und seltsam list,
Die hochst Artzney im Drachen ist."

" Mercurius recte et chymice prascipitatus, vel sub-
limatus, in sua propria aqua resolutus et rursum coa-
gulatus."

On the opposite page :

" Ein Drach im Walde wohnend ist
Am Gifft demselben nichts gebrisst ;
Wenn er die Sonn sieht und das Fewr,
So speiisst er Gifft, fleugt ungehewr
Kein lebend Thier fiir ihm mag gnesn
Der Basilisc mag ihm nit gleich wesn,
Wenn diesen Wurmb wol weiss zu tiidtn
Der Kbmpt auss alien seinen nothn,
Sein Farbn in seinem Todt sich vermehrn
Auss seiner Gifft Artzney thut werden
Sein Gifft verzehrt er gar und gans,
Und frisst sein eign vergifften Schwanz.
Da muss er in sich selbst volbringen
Der edlst Balsam, auss ihm thut tringen.
Solch grosse Tugend wird mann schawen,
Welches alle Weysn sich hoch erfrawen."

The three persons in Plate 13. appear first in
Plate 11. The superscription is —

" Vater, Sohn, Fiihrer, haben sie beym Handen :
Corpus, spiritus, anima, werden verstanden."

In Plate 13. the father's mouth may well be "of
a preternatural wideness " as he swallows the son ;
and in Plate 14. undergoes a sudorific in a curi-
ously-furnished bedchamber. In Plate 15. the
three are seated upon one throne. The stone is
found. They also will find it who strictly follow

Dr. Lambspring's directions, as given in a rhyming
preface. Only one ingredient is left out of the
prescription :

" Denn es ist nur ein Ding allein,
Drinn alls verborgn ist ins gemein.
Daran solt ihr gar nicht verzagen,
Zeit und Geduld must ihr dran wagen."
What is it ? H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

THE BELLMAN AT NEWGATE.

(Vol. i., p. 152. 5 Vol. iii., pp. 324. 377. 451.
485. : and see Continental Watchmen, Vol. iv.,
pp. 206. 356.)

Formerly it was, according to a very ancient
custom, the practice on the night preceding the
execution of condemned criminals, for the bellman
of the parish of St. Sepulchre to go under New-
gate, and, ringing his bell, to repeat the following
verses, a3 a piece of friendly advice, to the un-
happy wretches under sentence of death :

" All you that in the condemn'd hold do lie,
Prepare you, for to-morrow you shall die.
Watch all and pray, the hour is drawing near,
That you before the Almighty must appear.
Examine well yourselves, in time repent,
That you may not to eternal flames be sent.
And when St. Sepulchre's bell to-morrow tolls,
The Lord have mercy on your souls !
Past twelve o'clock ! "

The following extract from Stowe's Survey of
London, p. 125. of the quarto edition, printed 1618,
will prove that the above verses ought to be re-
peated by a clergyman instead of a bellman :

" Robert Doue, citizen and merchant taylor, of
London, gave to the parish of St. Sepulchre's the sum
of 50/. That after the several sessions of London,
when the prisoners remain in the gaole, as condemned
men to death, expecting execution on the morrow fol-
lowing ; the clarke (that is the parson) of the church
shoold come in the night time, and likewise early in
the morning, to the window of the prison where they
lye, and there ringing certain tolls with a hand-bell
appointed for the purpose, he doth afterwards (in most
Christian manner) put them in mind of their present
condition, and ensuing execution, desiring them to be
prepared therefore, as they ought to be. When they
are in the cart, and brought before the wall of the
church, there he standeth ready with the same bell.
And after certain tolls rehearseth an appointed prayer,
desiring all the people there present to pray for them.
The beadle also of Merchant Taylors' Hall hath an
honest stipend allowed to see that it is duely done."

This note is an extract from the Romance of
the Forum, vol. ii. p. 268. J. W. Farrer.

566

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

HERBERT S " CHURCH PORCH.

(Vol. ix., p. 173.)

I venture the following as the meaning of the
curious stanza in George Herbert's Church Porch,
referred to by your correspondent S. Singleton :

* God made me one man ; love makes me no more,
Till labor come and make my weakness score."

If you are single, give all you have to the ser-
vice of God. But do not be anxious to make the
gift larger by toil : for God only requires that
which is suitable to the position in which He has
placed you. He bestows a certain "estate" upon
every man as He bestows life : let both be dedi-
cated to Him. For if you give first yourself, and
then what He has given you, this is sufficient;
you need not try to be more rich, that you may
be more charitable. But if you choose a life of
labour to gain an "estate" beyond the original
position assigned to you in the providence of God,
then you must reckon yourself responsible for the
"one man" which God "made" you, and for the
other which you make yourself besides.

I conceive the stanza to be a recommendation
of the contemplative life with poverty, in pre-
ference to the active life with riches. J. H. B.

ANCIENT USAGES OF THE CHURCH.

(Vol. ix., pp. 127. 257.)

As your well-known correspondent from Clyst
St. George has addressed an inquiry to you on
this subject, it may not be uninteresting to some
of your readers to learn that the practice of kneel-
ing at funerals still exists in this neighbourhood.
On a cold December day have I seen men, women,
and children bend the knee on the bare sod,
during the Lord's and the other prayers used in the
outdoor portion of our service, not rising till the
valedictory grace concluded the service. Indeed,
I have never known (at least the majority of)
those attending our funerals here, omit this old
custom.

That of dressing graves with flowers, at Easter
and Whitsuntide, prevails here as in Wales : and
the older folks still maintain the ancient practice
of an obeisance as often as the Gloria occurs
during the ordinary services. The last railful of
communicants are also in the habit of remaining
in their place at the altar rails till the service is
concluded ; but whether these observances are
widely spread, or merely local, I have not had
sufficient opportunity to judge. J. T. P.

Dewchurch Vicarage.

At the church of South Stoke, near Arundel, I
have heard the clerk respond after the Gospel:
■ Thanks be to God for the Holy Gospel."

At Southwick, near Brighton, the rector was
wont (about four years since) to stand up at the
" Glory" in the Litany.

The Bishop of London believes bowing the head
when the doxology, or ascription of praise, is pro-
nounced, to be a novelty in our Church (Letter
to the Knightsbridge Churchwarden, March 28,
1854). I remember an old woman regularly at-
tending the services of Exeter Cathedral, who was
wont always to curtsy at the " Glory." And in
The Guardian of April 25, W. G. t. alludes to
a parish in Staffordshire where the custom prevails.
And A. W. says :

" In the western counties of England there are many
parishes where the custom of bowing at the ' Gloria*
has been universally observed by the poor from time
immemorial. I could mention parishes in Worcester-
shire or Herefordshire where it has always prevailed."

It should be observed, that the custom is not to
bow at the " Glory " only, but whenever, in the
course of the service, the names of the Three Per-
sons of the Blessed Trinity are mentioned. See
Isaiah, vi. 2, 3.

I have heard sermons commenced in the name
of the Holy Trinity, and ended with " the Glory,"
the preacher repeating the former part and the
congregation the latter. I believe this is agree-
able to very ancient use. Can any one say whe-
ther it has anywhere been retained in our own
Church ? J. W. Hewett.

The custom of Lincolnshire mentioned by Mr.
Eluacombe as observed by his two parishioners at
Bitton had its origin doubtless in the first rubric
to the Order for the Administration of the Lord's
Supper in our Book of Common Prayer, which
enjoins that —

" So many as intend to be partakers of the Holy
Communion, shall signify their names to the Curate at
least some time the day before."

On this Bishop Wilson remarks :

" It is with great reason that the Church has given
this order ; wherefore do not neglect it."

" You will have the comfort of knowing, either that
your Pastor hath nothing to say against you, or, if he
has, you will have the benefit of his advice : and a
good blessing will attend your obedience to the
Church's orders."

George E. Frere.

Reverence to the Altar (Vol. vi., p. 182.). — Statute
XL Such obeisance was always made in the col-
lege to which I belonged, at Oxford, to the Pro-
vost by every scholar, and by the Bible clerks
when they proceeded from their seats to the
eagle lectern, to read the lessons of the day.

I. K. K.

Separation of the Sexes in Church. — It was the
custom a few years ago (and I have every reason

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

567

to believe it to be so at present), for the men to
sit on one side of the aisle, and the women on the
other, in the church of Grange, near Armagh, in
the north of Ireland. No one remembered the
introduction of the custom. Abhba.

Standing while the Lord's Prayer is read (Vol. ix.,
pp. 127. 257.). — The congregation of the English
Episcopal Chapel at Dundee stood during the
reading of the Lord's Prayer, the Ten Command-
ments, and the Song of the Angels at the birth of
Christ, when these occur in the order of morning
lessons. This congregation joined that of the
Scottish Episcopalians several years ago, and
whether the practice is continued in the present
congregation I cannot say.

In St. Paul's Chapel, Edinburgh, York Place,
the congregation stand at the reading of the Ten
Commandments in the fifth chapter of Deutero-
nomy, and they chant " Glory be to thee, O God,"
on the giving out of the Gospel, and " Thanks be
to thee, O God," &c, after the reading of it. In
the Communion they sit during the reading of the
Exhortation, " Dearly Beloved in the Lord ; " and
it is but very lately that they have stood when
repeating " Glory be to God on high," &c, in the
Post Communion. Henry Stephens.

In Durham Cathedral, on Sept. 5, 1850, at the
Anniversary of the Sons of the Clergy, the con-
gregation rose simultaneously on the occurrence
of the Lord's Prayer in the lesson. I remember
also that the same custom was observed at Trinity
Church, Chelsea, during the incumbency of the
Rev. Henry Blunt. Where the Bidding Prayer
enjoined by the 55th Canon is used (that, by-the-
way, being the only authorised pulpit prayer), it
is usual I believe for the people to stand, during
the Lord's Prayer ; the preacher then teaching us
to pray as our Lord taught His disciples. The
short doxology at the end of the Gospel, to which
Mr. Ellacombe refers at p. 257., is common in
the north of England. E. H. A.

This custom prevails generally in the Episco-
palian churches in Scotland ; and our congrega-
tions also stand up while the Commandments are
read in course of the lessons. We have also the
practice of singing, after the Gospel : " Thanks be
to thee, O Lord, for this thy Holy Gospel ! "

Balivus.

Edinburgh.

This is the practice on the reading of this prayer
in the second lesson at the parish church of Edg-
baston, near Birmingham. It is probably a re-
manet of the ancient practice in the Church, not
only to stand up during the reading of the Gospel,
but throughout the whole service, as symbolic of
the resurrection of Christ — the Lord's Day; which
still exists in the Greek Church, and may be wit-

nessed any Sunday in London, on visiting the
recent edifice in London Wall. T. J. Buckton.
Birmingham.

The custom is observed in St. Thomas' Church.

W. Hazel.
Portsmouth.

At Exeter Cathedral the people kneel whenever
the Lord's Prayer is read in the lesson.

J. W. Hewett.

Tolling the Bell on leaving Church (Vol. ix.,
pp. 125. 311, 312.). — In this parish a bell is al-
ways rung on the conclusion of the morning ser-
vice, to give notice that a sermon will be given at
the evening service. This bell, which a very re-
spectable old man, who was parish clerk here for
fifty- four years, called the " sermon bell," is never
tolled unless there is a second service. If at any
time the morning service is not performed, the
bell is tolled at twelve o'clock at noon to inform
the parishioners that an evening service will take
place. A bell is also rung at eight and nine
o'clock on Sunday, or any other morning when
morning prayer is said.

The custom of ringing the church bell on Shrove
Tuesday, as mentioned by Newbtjriensis (Vol. ix.,
p. 324.), is observed here too, and is generally
called " the pancake bell." C. F. P.

Normanton-upon-Soar, Notts.

I am disposed to agree in opinion with E. W. I.
as to this custom, not only as regards the priests,
but the people also, for in most country parishes
it is the signal for the baker — who usually cooks
the Sunday's dinner of the humbler classes — to
open his oven : and I have often heard old folks
speak of it as " the pudding bell." G. Taylor.

Reading.

The object is to announce that another service
is to follow, either in the afternoon or evening, as
the case may be. Here the tolling is, not as the
congregation are leaving the church, but at one
o'clock. Wm. Hazel.

Portsmouth.

E. W. I., in his answer to this Query in Vol. ix.,
p.312., refers to the custom of tolling the church
bell at eight o'clock on Sunday morning, and
again at nine. This custom is followed at the
chapel of ease (at Maidenhead) to the parishes of
Bray and Cookham. Newbtjriensis.

" The pudding bell," as country folks sometimes
call it (under the impression that its use is to
warn those at home to get the dinner ready), is
still rung in some of the old Lancashire parish
churches as the congregation go out. But as in
this county parish churches are scarce, and two
full services quite a matter of course, W. S.'s

568

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

reason cannot apply here. I remember well the
custom of the congregations kneeling when the
Lord's Prayer occurred in the lesson ; it was left
off in my own church about thirty years since,
this custom, curtseying at the " Gloria," and some
others, being considered ignorant, and therefore
discountenanced by those who knew better. P. P.

Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter (Vol. ix.,
pp. 105. 185.). — A question has been asked:
*' Does a dignity or office, such as rector of Hac-
combe, exist in the Anglican Church?" I find
something similar in the case of the vicar of
Newry, who is entirely free from ecclesiastical
control; he holds his appointment from the ex-
officio rector (Lord Kilmony), who derives his title
from the original patent granted by Edward VI.
to his Irish Marshal Sir Nicholas Pagnall, who,
on the dissolution of the " Monasterium Nevora-
cense," obtained possession of the land attached,
and was farther granted :

" That he shall have all and singular, and so many and
the like courts leet, frank pledge, law days, rights,
jurisdictions, liberties, privileges, &c. &c, in as large,
ample, and beneficial a manner as any abbot, prior,
convent, or other chief, head, or governor of the late
dissolved monastery heretofore seized, held or enjoyed,"
&c.

The seal of the ancient charter, on which is in-
scribed the legend, " Sigillum exemptae jurisdic-
tionis de virido ligno alias Newry et Mourne," is
still used in the courts. A mitred abbot in his
albe, sitting in his chair, supported; by two yew-
trees, is also engraved on it; to perpetuate (it;is
said) the tradition that these trees had been
planted by St. Patrick in the vicinity of the con-
vent. N. C. Atkinson.

85. Waterloo Road, Dublin.

Holy -loaf Money (Vol. ix., pp. 150. 256.). — In
Normandy and Brittany, and probably in other
Roman Catholic countries, bread is blessed by the
officiating priest during the performance of high
mass, and handed round in baskets to the congre-
gation by the inferior officers of the church. On
inquiring into the meaning of this custom, I was
told that it represented the agapce of the primitive
church ; and that, before the first ^revolution,
every substantial householder in the parish was
bound in turn to furnish the loaves, or a money
equivalent. It is now, I believe, a voluntary gift
of the more devout parishioners, or furnished out
of the ordinary revenues of the church.

HoNORE DE MaREVILLE.
Guernsey.

(Vol. ix., p. 445.)

In Mr. Harry Lerot Temple's Popiana,
allusion is made to Pope's Imitation of Horace,
Second Satire, Book I., and the question is asked,
In what modern editions of Pope is this Imitation
to be found ? It is in Warton's edition, and also
in the Aldine edition published by Pickering. It
appeared to me (as to Bowles, Roscoe, Mr. Cary,
and others) too glaringly indecent for a popular
edition of Pope. The poet never acknowledged
it ; he published it as " Imitated in the manner of
Mr. Pope," but it is a genuine production. See
note in my edition of Pope, vol. iv. p. 300.

Mr. Temple says, —

" Roscoe and Croly give four poems on Gulliver's
Travels. Why does Mr. Carruthers leave out the
third ? His edition appears to contain (besides many
additions) all that all previous editors have admitted,
with the exception of the third Gulliver poem, the
sixteen additional verses to Mrs. Blount on leaving
town, the verses to Dr. Bolton, and a fragment of
eight lines (perhaps by Congreve) ; which last three
are to be found in Warton's edition."

The third Gulliver poem was not published with
the others by Pope in the Miscellanies. It should,
however, have been inserted, as it is acknowledged
by Pope in his correspondence with Swift. The
omission must be set down as an editorial over-
sight, to be remedied in the next edition. The
verses on Dr. Bolton are assuredly not Pope's ;
they are printed in Aaron Hill's Works, 1753.
See a copious note on this subject in " N. & Q.,"
Vol. vii., p. 113. The two other omissions noticed
by Mr. Temple (with others unnoticed by him,
as the parody on the First Psalm, &c.) were dic-
tated by the same feeling that prompted the ex-
clusion of the Imitation of Horace. In several of
Pope's letters, preserved at Maple Durham, are
grossly indecent and profane passages, which he
omitted himself in his printed correspondence,
and which are wholly unfit for publication. The
same oblivion should be extended to his unac-
knowledged poetical sins. R. Carruthers.

Inverness.

CATHOLIC FLORAL DIRECTORIES (Vol.viii., p. 585.):

Anthologia Borealis et Australis ; Florilegium
Sanctorum Aspirationum.

Since I last wrote, I have not succeeded in un-
ravelling the mystery which envelops these two
works; but I have gotten some clue to it, for which
I am indebted to the extreme courtesy and kind-
ness of two correspondents.

One of these gentlemen informs me that the
Anthologia is quoted at p. 280. of Dr. Forster's
work on the Atmosphere : London, 1823. My

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

569

second correspondent writes to say, " If you can
procure the Circle of the Seasons, by Dr. Forster,
published in 1830, you will there find very copious
extracts from the books in question." Before we
go any farther I would ask, is Dr. Forster the
author of this book ? The copy I have met with
in a public library is anonymous, and is thus en-
titled : The Circle of the Seasons, and Perpetual
Key to the Calendar and Almanac : London,
Thomas Hookham, 1828, pp. 432. 12mo. It is a
valuable book, and forms a complete Catholic
Floral Directory. Though the Anthologia and the
Florilegium are lavishly quoted, no references are
given save the bare names.

It is easy to see why Mr. Weale, the "compiler"
of the Catholic Florist, declined giving the in-
formation requested. The quotations in question
are all second-hand from the Circle of the Seasons.
The very preface of the Florist is not original ;
the most valuable part of it (commencing at p. 1 1 .)
I have discovered to be a verbatim reprint from
The Truthteller, or, rather, from Hone's Every-
Day Booh, vol. i. pp. 103. 303., where some ex-
tracts are given from the contributions to this
periodical from a correspondent with the signature
Crito. These quotations in Hone first drew my
attention to The Truthteller, and I advertised for it,
but without success. It was edited, I believe, by
Thomas Andrews. I have met with the second
series of this periodical, published in London in
1825, and I should be glad to get the whole
of it.*

[* The Truthteller was discontinued at the end of
vol. i. The first number was published Sept. 25,
1824, and the last on Sept. 17, 1825. The publisher
and editor, W. A. Andrews, closes his labours with the
following remarks : " Having given The Truthteller a
year's trial, we feel ourselves called upon, as a matter
of justice to our family, to discontinue it as a news-
paper. The negligence of too many of our subscribers,
in not discharging their engagements to us, and the in-
difference of others of the Catholic body, to support the
vindicator of their civil and religious principles, leave
us no alternative but that of dropping it as a news-
paper, or carrying it on at a loss." Only two of
Crito's papers on Botany were given in The Truthteller,
viz. in No. 15., p. 115., and No. 16., p. 123. He pro-
bably continued them in The Catholic Friend, also
published by W. A. Andrews.

The following extract from a letter signed F„ and
dated Jan. 4, 1825, given in The Truthteller, vol. i.
No. 16. p. 126., recommends the publication, among
other works, of a " Catholic Calendar. There
should also be a Catholic Calendar, something like
The Perennial Calendar, but more portable, and fuller
of religious information, in which, under each saint,
his or her particular virtues, intelligence, good works,
or martyrdom, should be succinctly set forth, so as to
form a sort of calendar of human triumphs, such as is
recommended by Mr. Counsellor Basil Montagu in
his Essays." In a note the writer adds, " This I be-

In Forster's Perennial Calendar, London, 1824,
the Anthologia is quoted at pp. 101. 108. 173.211.
265. 295. : one of these passages is requoted in
Hone, vol. i. p. 383. I may here remark that
this work of Hone's is furnished with a Floral
Directory.

I feel rather piqued, both on my own account
and for the honour of " N". & Q.," at being baffled
by two English books, and I am somewhat sur-
prised that thirty years should have elapsed
without any inquiry having been made respecting
the remarkable quotations adduced by Dr. Forster.
The Queries I now propose are : Who was the com-
piler of the Circle of the Seasons ? Are the Antho-
logia and the Florilegium quoted in any works
previous to Forster's time ? Eirionnach.

P. S. — Can I get a copy of the Catholic Friend,
which is referred to in the preface of the Catholic
Florist as a scarce and valuable work ; and also
a copy of the Catholic Instructor : London, 1844 ?

March, 1854.

Thanks to Mr. Pinkerton, I am enabled to
turn my surmise into certainty, and have the
pleasure of clearing up a literary hoax, which has,
it seems, passed without challenge till my note of
interrogation appeared in these pages. The Antho-
logia and the Florilegium are purely imaginary
titles for certain pieces in prose and verse, the pro-
duction of Dr. Forster, and have no existence save
in the Circle of the Seasons.

In the Autobiography of the eccentric Doctor —
which is entitled Recueil de ma Vie, mes Ouvrages
et mes Pensees : Opuscule Philosophique, par
Thomas Ignace Marie Forster : Bruxelles, 1836 —
at p. 55. he enumerates the Anthologia and Flori-
legium among his " Pieces Fugitives," and ends the
list in the following words :

" Encore je me confesse d'avoir ecrit toutes ces
essais detaches dans le Perennial Calendar, auxquels
j'ai attache quelques signatures, ou plus proprement des
lettres, comme A. B. S. It. etc."

In the solitude of his garden at Hartwell he con-
ceived the idea of making a Floral Directory, which
he eventually carried out, and published under
the title of the Circle of the Seasons. See p. 21.

Mr. Pinkerton has most kindly lent me a rare
and privately-printed book of Forster's, entitled
Harmonia Musarum, containing Nuga Cantahri-
genses, Florilegium Sanctce Aspirationis, and Antho-
logia Borealis et Australis, chiefly from a College
Album, edited by Alumnus Cantabrigensis (N.B.
Not published) : 1843, pp. 144, 8vo.

The preface is signed T. F., and is dated "Bruges,
Sept. 15, 1 843." In it he says :

" The harmony of the Muses has been divided into
three parts — the first being the Nugee Cantab. The

lieve will soon be undertaken." This letter seems to
have been written by Dr. Forster. — Ed.]

570

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 242.

second contains the sacred subjects, hymns, &c,
written chiefly by a relation, and formerly collected
under the title of Florilegium Sanctce Aspirationis. The
third consists merely of a small collection of Latin
verses selected by some student, with occasional notes
from the rest, and called Fragments from North and
South : they have, many at least, been printed before."

It is impossible to give an idea of this extraordi-
nary Olla ; we have in it pieces of Porson, Gray,
and Byron, &c., Cowper's John Gilpin, and Cole-
ridge's DeviVs Walk ; at p. 19. we have " Spring
Impromptu, found among some old papers," with
the signature " N." attached, which turns out to
be Gray on the "Pleasures of Vicissitude." I re-
gret to say that this volume contains much that is
coarse and offensive, which is the less excusable,
and the more surprising, as coming from the author
of the very beautiful and devotional pieces pub-
lished in the Circle of the Seasons.

The Florilegium and the Anthologia of the Circle
have little in common with their namesakes in
the Harmonia, which latter contain poems by
Southwell, Byron, Gray, Hogg, Porson, Jortin,
&c., but none of Forster's prose pieces, which form
so large a portion of the other Florilegium and
Anthologia. Dr. Forster's life would make a very
entertaining biography, and I should be glad to
know more about him, whether he be yet alive,
what books he printed at Bruges, &c*

In concluding this matter, I beg to return my
best thanks to Mb. Pinkerton for the valuable
information he so freely imparted to me, and the
handsome manner in which he placed it at my dis-
posal.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Mr. Lyte's New Instantaneous Process. — I beg to
communicate to you a new process in photography,
■which is by far the most rapid I believe yet discovered,
and combines at the same time great stability. It has
been the result of a great many experiments on my
part, and even now I am hardly prepared to say that
it is brought to its fullest perfection ; but it suffices to
say that it is sufficiently rapid to give pictures of the
waves of the sea in motion with perfect sharpness, and

* Dr. Forster was born in London in 1789, of an
ancient Catholic family ; he was himself a Protestant
until the year 1835, when it appears that he became a
convert to the Church of Rome : at the same time he
received the additional names of Ignatius Maria. It
is most probable that he is yet alive and in Belgium,
where he has resided for many years. The Editor of
" N. & Q." has kindly sent me a list from the Cata-
logue of the British Museum, of some four and thirty
works by Dr. Forster. There is, however, another
book by Dr. Forster not contained in the Museum
list, Onthophilos, ou Les Dernier* Entretiens d'un Phi-
losophe Catholique (Brussels?), 1836.

ships sailing at ten knots an hour, and puttling up
and down at the same time, and all with a landscape
lens. By it also, and by the same lens, we may take
instantaneous portraits. The process is as follows : —
After the plate, prepared with the collodion and sen-
sitised with the nitrate bath, as I have described in
one of your former Numbers, is taken from the bath,
I pour over it a solution composed as follows :

1. Take—

Nitrate of silver . - - 200 grains.

Distilled water ... 6 ounces.

Iodide of silver, as much as will dissolve.
Mix and filter.

2. Take —

Grape sugar or honey 8 ounces.

"Water .... q ounces.

Alcohol 1 ounce.
Mix, dissolve, and filter.

And when required for use, mix equal parts of these
solutions, and pour them over the plate. The plate is
to be allowed to drain ; and then, when placed in the
frame, is ready for the camera, and is easily impressed
as a deep negative by a Ross's landscape lens instan-
taneously. To develop, I use always the same agents
as I have before specified. One or two cautions are
to be observed in this process. First, the grape-sugar
or honey must be quite pure, and free from any strong
acid re-action ; and, secondly, these substances are much
improved by a long exposure to the air, by which the
oxidation of them is commenced, and the result made
much more certain and effective. However, I find
that the addition of the least possible quantity of
nitric acid has the same effect; but nothing is so good
as long exposure of the sugar or honey, so as to be-
come completely candied before mixing. The sugar
may as conveniently of course be mixed in the' collo-
dion as in the bath, but in that case the keeping pro-
perties are lost, as the plate is not thus kept longer
moist than usual. If, however, the former process be
used and well conducted, the plate when sensitised
may be kept for four hours at least without injury.

The grape sugar should be made with oxalic, and
the acid removed by lime as usual, and not with sul-
phuric acid, as is often done ; as in the latter case
sulpho-saccharic acid is formed, which much injures the
result.

I have been trying numerous experiments in this
line, and I think I have almost hit upon another and
quite new and instantaneous process ; but as it is only
in embryo, I will not give it to you till perfect.
There are of course many other substances to be yet
mixed in the bath or the collodion, e.g. all the alkaloids,
or indeed any of the deoxidating agents known, and
probably with good results. I am still continuing my
experiments on this head, and if I make any farther
improvements I will lose no time in communicating
them to you. Some negatives taken by this means
were exhibited on Friday evening at the Royal In-
stitution, and were much admired.

F. Maxwetx Lyte.

[By Mr. Lyte's kindness, who has shown us a
number of the pictures taken by this new process, we

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

571

arc enabled to bear our testimony to its beautiful
results. We are glad to learn also, that there is a
probability that the admirers of photography may
soon be enabled to purchase specimens of the produc-
tions of this accomplished amateur, who is about to
return to the Pyrenees for the purpose of securing
photographic views of the splendid scenery and various
objects of interest which are to be found there. —
Ed. « N. & Q,"]

Photographs, fyc. of the Crystal Palace. — All who
have visited the Photographic Institution, in New
Bond Street, must have admired the large photographic
views of the Crystal Palace, from collodion negatives
taken by Mb. Delamotte, who, combining the taste
of the artist with the skill of the photographer, has
succeeded in producing some most effective views of
this new Temple of Education. At Lord Rosse's soiree
on Saturday last, the closing one unfortunately of those
most agreeable reunions, Mr. Williams exhibited three
daguerreotypes, taken that morning, of the ceremony of
opening the Crystal Palace, which, although only about
three inches by five, contained some hundreds of figures.
The portraits of the Queen and the brilliant cortege
which surrounded her at the moment were strikingly
effective.

Soluble Cotton. — In answer to the observations of
H. U. (Vol. ix„ p. 548.), I should imagine that the
nitrate of potash used was not thoroughly dried ; and
consequently, the amount of water used was in excess
of that directed. The temperature should be from
120° to 130° Fahr. And thermometers of a proper
construction (with the lower part of the scale to bend
up from the bulb) can be obtained in abundance at
from Is. to 2s. 6d. at several of the makers in Hatton
Garden or elsewhere. Geo. Shadbolt.

Cameras At one of the earliest meetings of the

Photographic Society, I suggested the use of papier
mache as a material for the construction of cameras, as
possessing nearly all the requisite qualities ; but there
is one serious objection to its application to this pur-
pose, its brittleness, as a smart blow is apt to snap it
like a biscuit. I think, however, upon the whole,
that if a peculiar kind of Honduras mahogany, such as
is used for coach panels, is adopted, the possessor would
never desire a change. It should be as plain as a piece
of deal, without the slightest beauty of grain, which is
a positive detriment to a camera, from the accom-
panying liability to warping. Geo. Shadbolt.

%z$\it& ta Minor tELutviesl.

Shakspeare Portrait (Vol. viii., p. 438.). — J. S.
Smith, in his Nollekins and his Times (vol. i. p. 26.),
has a passage referring to the portrait mentioned
by your correspondent :

" Clarkson, the portrait painter, was originally a
coach-panel and sign painter; and he executed that
most elaborate one of Shakspeare, which formerly
hung across the street at the north-east corner of
Little Russell Street, in Drury Lane. The late Mr.

Thomas Grignon informed me, that he had often heard
his father say, that this sign cost Jive hundred pounds !
In my boyish days it was for many years exposed for
sale for a very trifling sum, at a broker's shop in
Lower Brook Street, Grosvenor Square. The late
Mr. Crace, of Great Queen Street, assured me that it
was in his early days a thing that country people
would stand and gaze at, and that that corner of the
street was hardly passable."

Edwards, in his Anecdotes of Painters (p. 117.),
assigns the portrait to a different painter, Samuel
Wale, R.A. His account, however, being more
minute than Smith's, is worth transcribing :

" Mr. Wale painted some signs ; the principal one
was a whole-length of Shakspeare, about five feet high,
which was executed for, and displayed before the door
of a public-house, the north-west corner of Little
Russell Street, in Drury Lane. It was enclosed in a
most sumptuous carved gilt frame, and suspended by
rich iron work ; but this splendid object of attraction
did not hang long before it was taken down, in con-
sequence of the act of parliament which passed for
paving, and also for removing the signs and other
obstructions in the streets of London. Such was the
total change of fashion, and the consequent disuse of
signs, that the above representation of our great dra-
matic poet was sold for a trifle to Mason the broker, in
Lower Grosvenor Street ; where it stood at his door
for several years, until it was totally destroyed by the
weather and other accidents."

Edward F. Rimbauxt.

"Aches" (Vol. ix., pp. 351. 409.). — Aches, as a
dissyllable, may be heard any day in Shropshire :
" My yead eaches" (my head aches) is no uncom-
mon complaint in reply to an inquiry about health.
Wm. Fraser, B.C.L.

" Waestart" (Vol. ix., p. 349.).— The querist, I
humbly presume, is not a Yorkshireman himself;
or, probably, he would have at once resolved
waestart into the ungrammatical but natural in-
quiry, " Where ist' 'art ?" — ist1 meaning are you,
thou being vulgarly used for you ; the h is elided
in hurt, the u in 'urt being pronounced as a,
changing the vowel, as is very common among
the illiterate. For instance, church is often called
charch by those who live a little to the north-west ;
and person, where the e is almost equivalent to
the soft u in sound, is made into parson! L. J.

Willow Bark in Ague (Vol. ix., p. 452.). — In
the Philosophical Transactions (1835 ?) is a me-
moir by the Rev. E. Stone, of Chipping Norton,
of the salutary effects of the bark of the Duck
Willow in agues and intermittent fevers. The
author states, that being dried in an oven, and
pounded, and administered in doses of one drachm
every four hours in the intervals of the paroxysms,
it soon reduces the distemper ; and, except in
very severe cases, removes it entirely. With the
addition of one fifth part of Peruvian bark, it be-

572

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

comes a specific against these disorders, and never
fails to remove them. One advantage it possesses
of influencing the patient beneficially immediately
it is adopted, without the necessity of preparation
previously. It is a safe medicine, and may be
taken in water or tea.

I copy the above from an entry in an old note-
book. I imagine the Duck Willow to be the Com-
mon White Willow (Salix alba vulgaris) of Ray.

Shirley Hibberd.

See Pereira's Materia Medica : Salix. He re-
fers to a paper by the Rev. Mr. Stone in the Phil.
Trans, vol. liii. p. 195., on the efficacy of the
bark of the Salix alba as a remedy for agues. See
also A. T. Thomson's London Dispensatory, in
which is given an account of Mr. Stone's mode of
administration. H. J.

Lord Fairfax (Vol. ix., p. 380.). — I apprehend
that there is nothing in the reply of A Fairfax
Kinsman fat all calculated to shake the opinion
which I expressed touching the barony of Fairfax
of Cameron. The case of the earldom of New-
burgh, which your correspondent does not even
mention, is, I submit, of greater weight than all the
" Peerages," and even than the Roll of Scottish
Peers. As to the Irish case — that of the Earl of
Athlone — I can but repeat my Query. Whether
right or wrong, it is not binding on the British
House of Lords. The cases of the King of Hanover,
the Duke of Wellington, and Earl Nelson, are not
in point. His Hanoverian Majesty is not an alien ;
and though some British subjects may^e recognised
as peers by foreign states, it does not follow that a
foreigner can be a peer of Britain. H. G.

The Young Pretender (Vol. ix., pp. 177. 231.)—
The wife of the Young Pretender was Louisa
Maximiliene, the daughter of Gustavus Adolphus,
Prince of Scholberg, who was born in 1752, and
married in 1772. As a widow, she lived in Paris
as the Countess of Albany, but in her drawing-
room called herself Queen of Great Britain. She
was alive at the time of the death of the Princess
Charlotte (Nov. 1817). See Fisher's Companion
and Key to History of England, p. 333. O. S.

Dobney's Bowling-green; Wildman; Sampson,
(Vol. ix.,'p. 375.). — Dobney's, or, more correctly,
D'Aubigney's Bowling-green, ceased to be a place
of public amusement about the year 1810. It is
now occupied by a group of houses called Dobneys
Place, near the bottom of Penton Street. The late
Mr. Upcott had a drawing of Prospect House
(as the building was called), taken about 1780. A
hand-bill of the year 1772 (in a volume formerly
belonging to Lysons) thus describes the nature of
Wildman's performance :

" The Bees on Horseback. — Daniel Wildman rides,
standing upright, one foot on the saddle, and the other

on the horse's neck, with a curious mask of bees on his
face. He also rides standing upright on the saddle,
with the bridle in his mouth, and, by firing a pistol,
makes one part of the bees march over a table, and the
other part swarm in the air, and return to their proper
places again."

Sampson, Price, Johnson, and Coningham were
celebrated equestrian performers towardVthe close
of the last century. Astley was the pupil of Samp-
son, and his successor in agility. Bromley, in his
Catalogue of Engraved Portraits, mentions a folio
engraving of Sampson, without date or engraver's
name. It is hardly likely that any life of him was
published. Edward F. Rimbauxt.

Palaologus (Vol. ix., p. 312.). — Your readers
will find, in Oldmixon's West Indies, a later notice
of the strange descent and fortunes of this once
illustrious family. From Cornwall they appear to
have settled in Barbadoes, where it is very possible
that with mutilated name the family may yet be
found among the "poor whites" (many among
them of ancient lineage) of that island. B.

Children by one Mother. — In Vol. ix., p. 186.,
I. R. R., in reply to a Query in Vol. v., p. 126. —
" If there be any well-authenticated instance of
a woman having had more than twenty-five chil-
dren?"— sends an account of a case, which he
" firmly believes" to be authenticated, of a farmer's
wife who had thirty. I now send you a much
better authenticated case of polyprogenitiveness,
which utterly throws the farmer's wife into the
shade.

In Palazzo Frescobaldi, in this city, the ancient
residence of the old Florentine family of that name,
there is, among many other family portraits, one
full-length picture of a tall and good-looking lady
with this inscription beneath it : " Dianora Sal-
viati, moglie di Bartolomeo Frescobaldi, fece cin-
quantadue figli, mai meno che tre per parto"
(Dianora Salviati, wife of Bartolomeo Frescobaldi,
gave birth to fifty-two sons, and never had less
than three at a birth). The case is referred to by
Gio. Schenchio, in his work Del Parto, at p. 144.

The Essex lady, as well as I should suppose all
other ladies whatsoever, must hide their diminished
heads in presence of this noble dame of Florence.

T. A. T.

Florence.

Robert Brown the Separatist (Vol. ix., p. 494.).
— Mr. Corner will probably find an answer to
his question in the History of Stamford, by W.
Harrod (1785), and in Blore's History of the
County of Rutland, 1813, fob; Bawden's Survey,
1809, 4to. ; Wright's History of Rutlandshire,
1687 and 1714. The last descendant of Robert
Brown died on Sept. 17, 1839, set. sixty-nine,
widow of George, third Earl of Pomfret ; and as
she had no issue, her house and estate at Toltrop

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

573

(i. e. Tolthorp), in Rutlandshire, about two miles
from Stamford in Lincolnshire, probably passed
to his heir and brother Thomas William, the fourth
earl.

At the time of her marriage, her servants (as
was believed by orders from their mistress) per-
severed in chiming the only two bells of the parish
church, to the hazard and annoyance of the vicar's
wife, just confined of her first child in a room
hardly a stone's throw from it. His pupils were
so indignant, that they drove away the offenders
and took the clappers out of the bells : and the
son of a near neighbour, then a member of St.
John's College, Cambridge (Thos. Foster, A.B.,
1792), made it the subject of a mock-heroic poem
of some merit, called the Brunoniad (London,
1790, printed by Kearsley). So few copies were
printed, that the queen and princesses could not
procure one ; and a lady employed at Court re-
quested a young friend of hers, resident at Stam-
ford, to make a transcript of it for their use. This
your present note-writer can aver, as the tran-
scriber was a sister of Anat.

Hero of the " Spanish Lady's Love"" (Vol. ix.,
p. 305.). — Concerning the origin of this interest-
ing old ballad, the following communication ap-
peared in The Times of May 1, 1846. It is dated
from Coldrey, Hants, and signed Charles Lee :

" The hero of this beautiful ballad was my ancestor,
Sir John Bolle of Thorpe Hall, Lincolnshire, of most
ancient and loyal family, and father of that Colonel
Bolle who fell in Alton Church, whilst fighting against
the rebels in December, 1643. Of the truth of this I
am prepared to give the curious in these matters the
most abundant evidence, but the space which the sub-
ject would occupy would necessarily exclude it from
your columns.

" The writer of the paper in the Edinburgh says : —
• Had the necklace been still extant, the preference
would have been due to Littlecot.' The necklace is
still extant, in the possession of a member of my family,
and in the house whence I write. In Illingworth's
Topographical Account of Scampton, with Anecdotes of
the Family of Bolles, it is stated : « The portrait of
Sir John, drawn in 1596, at the age of thirty-six years,
having on the gold chain given him by the Spanish
Lady, &c, is still in the possession of his descendant,
Capt. Birch.'

** That portrait is now in the possession of Capt.
Birch's successor, Thomas Bosvile Bosvile, Esq., of
Ravensfield Park, Yorkshire, my brother, and may be
seen by any one. I will only add another extract from
Illingworth's Scampton: — 'On Sir John Bolle's de-
parture from Cadiz, the Spanish Lady sent as presents
to his wife, a profusion of jewels and other valuables,
amongst which was her portrait drawn in green ; plate,
money, and other treasure. Some articles are still in
possession of the family ; though her picture was un-
fortunately, and by accident, disposed of about half a
century since. This portrait being drawn in green,
gave occasion to her being called, in the neighbourhood

of Thorpe Hall, the Green Lady ; where, to this day,
there is a traditionary superstition among the vulgar,
that Thorpe Hall was haunted by the Green Lady,
who used nightly to take her seat in a particular tree
near the mansion.' In Illingworth there is a long and
full account of the Spanish Lady, and the ballad is
given at length."

Edward F. Rimbauet.

Niagara (Vol. vii., pp.50. 137.). — Let me add
one other authority of comparatively recent date
on Goldsmith's side of the vexata qucestio, about
the pronunciation of this name :

" And we'd take verses out to Demerara,
To New South Wales, and up to Niagara."
Proeme to The Monks and the Giants, by
William and Robert Whistlecraft, i. e.
John Hookham Frere.

Balliolensis.

Hymn attributed to Handel (Vol. ix., p. 303.). —
I do not understand whether Mr. Stoker's
Query refers to the words or music of this hymn,
if to the former, it is most assuredly not Handel's.
It is strange that the church does not possess one
genuine psalm or hymn tune of this mighty master,
although he certainly composed several. The
popular melody called Hanover, usually attributed
to Handel, was printed in the Supplement to the
New Version of Psalms (a collection of tunes) in
1703. Handel did not arrive in England till
1710. It is improbable, from many circumstances,
that he composed this grand melody. It was pro-
bably the work of Dr. Croft.

D'Almaine, the eminent music-seller of Soho
Square, published some years back —

" Three Hymns, the Words by the late Rev. Charles
Wesley, A.M., of Christ Church College, Oxon ; and
set to music by George Frederick Handel, faithfully
transcribed from his autography in the Library of the
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, by Samuel Wesley,
and now very respectfully presented to the Wesleyan
Society at large."

Among my musical autographs is one which,
as it relates to the foregoing publication, I tran-
scribe :

" The late comedian Rich, who was the most cele-
brated harlequin of his time, was also the proprietor of
Covent Garden Theatre, during the period that Handel
conducted his oratorios at that house. He married a
person who became a serious character, after having
formerly been a very contrary one ; and who requested
Handel to set to music the Three Hymns which I
transcribed in the Fitzwilliam Library from the auto-
graphy, and published them in consequence.

S. Wesley.
Monday, March 30, 1829."

The first lines of the hymns are as follows :
1. Sinners, obey the Gospel Word. 2. O Love
divine, how sweet thou art ! 3. Rejoice ! the
Lord is King. Edward F. Rimbauet.

574

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

Marquis of Granhy (Vol. ix., pp. 127. 360.). —
In a critique which appeared in the Quarterly
Review for January or April, 1838, on Dickens's
earlier works, it is stated that Sumpter, a dis-
charged soldier of the royal regiment of Horse
Guards, opened a public-house at Hounslow,
having as its sign "The Marquis of Granby,"
which was the first occasion of the marquis's name
appearing on the sign-board of a public-house.
This note appeared in reference to the public-
house kept at Dorking by Mrs. Weller, the
" second wentur " of Tony Weller, father of the
immortal Samivel, of that ilk.

John, Marquis of Granby, was colonel of the
royal regiment of Horse Guards from May 13,
1758, to his decease, which occurred Oct. 19,
1770, and was justly considered the soldier's
friend. (See Captain Packe's History of the Royal
Regiment of Horse Guards, p. 95.) Mr. Dickens,
in his description of the sign-board at Dorking,
has arrayed the marquis in the uniform, not of the
regiment, but of a general officer : he states, —

" On the opposite side of the road was a sign-board
representing the head and shoulders of a gentleman
with an apoplectic countenance, in a red coat, with deep
blue facings, and a touch of the same over his three-
cornered hat for a sky. Over that, again, were a pair
of flags, and beneath the last button of his coat were a
couple of cannon ; and the whole formed an expressive
and undoubted likeness of the Marquis of Granby of
glorious memory."

Witty, I admit, but that " touch of the same "
(blue facings ?) for a sky is ambiguous. Brevis
esse labor o, obscurus fio.

The uniform of the royal regiment of Horse
Guards, from 1758 to 1770, consisted of a dark
blue coatee, with red facings, red breeches, jacked
boots, and three-cornered hats bound with gold
lace. G. L. S.

Convocation and the Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel (Vol. viii., p. 100.). —The Arch-
deacon of Stafford, in his last visitation charge, at
Stafford, May 23, 1854, said of Convocation :

" He was not aware that the two venerable societies,
The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts, and The Society for Promoting Chris-
tian Knowledge, owed their existence to it."

Atterbury, writing to Bishop Trelawny, March
15, 1700-1, says :

" We appointed another committee, for considering
the methods of Propagating the Christian Religion in
Foreign Parts, who sat the first time this afternoon in
the Chapter House of St. Paul's." — Atterbury's Cor-
respondence, vol. i. p. 88.

Though the venerable Society for the Propa-
gation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts does not
owe, strictly speaking, its existence to Convocation,
yet it certainly is indebted to it, both for the

general outline of its operations, and also for its
name. Wm. Fraser, B.C.L.

Cassie (Vol. ix., p. 396.). — With regard to
W. T. M. about cassie, he will find an approxima-
tion to that word as used for causeway, in the old
editions of Ludlow's Memoirs, and others, where
causeway is always spelt causey. A. (1)

" Three cats sat," 8fc. (Vol. ix., p. 173.). — I am
delighted to say that a long course of laborious
research among the antiquities of nursery dom have
enabled me to supply Julia R. Bockett (I dare
not venture on any prefix to the name, for fear of
doing grievous wrong in my ignorance of the
lady's civil status) with the missing canto of the
poem her ancient friend is so desirous of com-
pleting. It will be seen to convey a charming
lesson of amiable sociality — admirably adapted
d'ailleurs to the pages of a work which seeks to
encourage " intercommunications." It runs thus :

" Said one little cat,

To the other little cat,
If you don't speak, I must ;

I must.
If you don't speak, I must."

Julia R. Bockett will doubtless feel with me,
that though the antithesis requires that the " I"
should be strongly emphasised in the first case,
the sentiment expressed imperatively demands an
intense force to be given to the "must" in the
second repetition. T. A. T.

Florence.

P. S. — By-the-bye, talking of cats, there is a
story current, that a certain archbishop, who sits
neither at Canterbury nor York, having once, in
unbending mood, demanded of one of his clergy if
he could decline "cat," corrected the reverend
catechumen, when, having arrived at the vocative
case, he gave it, " Vocative, O cat ! " and declared
such declension to be wrong, and that the vocative
of " cat" was " puss." Of course, it will be hence-
forth considered so in the diocese presided over
by the prelate in question, as the gender of
"carrosse" was changed throughout la belle France,
by a blunder of the grand monarque. But surely
the archbishop was as palpably wrong as the king
was. At least, if he was not, we have only the
alternative of considering Shakspeare to have
blundered. For, have we not Stefano's address to
poor Caliban :

" Open your mouth ; here is that which will give
language to you, cat."

And again, does not Lysander, somewhat ungal-
lantly, thus apostrophise Hermia :

" Hang off, thou cat, thou burr 1"
Moreover, will not the pages of our nursery litera-
ture furnish on the other hand abundance of in-

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

575

stances passim of puss used in every one of the
oblique cases, as well as in the nominative ?

Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., pp. 10. 111.). — It may-
be interesting to your correspondent Shirley
Hibberd to know, that the Burmese breed of
cats is, like that of the Isle of Man, tailless ; or,
if not exactly without tails, the tails they have
are so short as to be called so merely by the
extremest courtesy. This is the only respect,
however, in which they differ from other cats.

S. B.

Lucknow.

Francklyn Household Book (Vol. ix., p. 422.). —

Say-salt to stop the barrels. — Before heading
down a cask of salted meat, the vacant spaces are
filled up with salt.

Giggs and scourge- sticks. — Whip-tops, and
whips for spinning them.

Jumballs. — A kind of gingerbread.

John P. Stilwell.

Dorking.

" Violet-crowned" Athens (Vol. ix., p. 496.). —
I have always understood that the adoption of the
violet as the heraldic flower of old Athens in-
volved, as heraldry so often does, a pun. As you
well know, the Greek for violet is \ov, and thence
its adoption as the symbolical flower of the chief
city in Europe of the Ionian race. Cantab.

Smith of Nevis and St. Kitfs (Vol. ix., p. 222.).
— I find by some curious letters from an old lady,
by birth a Miss Williams of Antigua, and widow
of the son of the Lieut.-Governor of Nevis, now
in the possession of a friend of mine connected
with the West Indies, that the arms of that family
were — Gules, on a chevron between three bezants
or, three cross crosslets sable. And the crest,
from a ducal coronet or, an Indian goat's head
argent.

This may facilitate the search of your corre-
spondent for the affiliation of that family to the
United Kingdom. B.

Hydropathy (Vol. ix., p. 395.). — " John Smith,
CM." (i. e. clock- maker), of the parish of St.
Augustin, London, was the author of several
pamphlets. He published in the year 1723 a
treatise in recommendation of the medicinal use
of water as " a universal remedy," as well by
drinking as by applying it externally to the body.
In the British Museum there is a French trans-
lation of it, which appeared in Paris, a.d. 1725.
This is a proof of the notoriety which the treatise
obtained. The tenth edition, dated " Edinburgh,
1740," contains additions communicated by Mr.
Ralph Thoresby, P.R.S., and others. In the year
1695 he published a short treatise entitled A de-
signed End to the Socinian Controversy; or, a

rational and plain Discourse to prove, that no other
Person but the Father of Christ is God Most
High. This attracted the notice of the civil
power, and by order of parliament it was burnt,
and the author prosecuted. (See Wallace's Anti-
Trinitarian Biography, vol. iii. p. 398., London,
1850.) N.W. S.

Leslie and Dr. Middleton (Vol. ix., p. 324.). —

" Middleton was one of the men who sought for
twenty years some historical facts that might conform
to Leslie's four conditions, and yet evade Leslie's logic."
— Blackwood's Magazine, July, 1842, p. 5.

J. O. B.

Lord Brougham and Home Tooke (Vol. ix.,
p. 398.). — I have not Lord Brougham's book
before me, but I have no doubt but that Q. has
missed the meaning of his lordship. The reference
would probably be to Home Tooke's anticipation
of the strange immoral reveries of Emerson and
others, that truth is entirely subjective ; because
the word bears etymological relation to "to
trow," to think, or believe : and so truth has no
objective existence, but is merely what a man
troweth. If that be an argument, Lord Brougham
would say then the law of libel would be unjust,
merely because "libel" means primarily a little
book ; he might have added that, according to
Home Tooke and Mr. Emerson, if a man had
been killed by falling against a post at Charing
Cross, a jury might deny the fact of the violent
death, because "post" means a place for deposit-
ing letters, and he had not been near St. Martin's-
le-grand. The remark of Lord Brougham is not
as to a fact, but is a reductio ad absurdum.

W. Denton.

It is suggested to Q. (Bloomsbury), that Lord
Brougham meant not to say that Home Tooke
had ever held or maintained this strange doctrine,
" that the law of libel was unjust and absurd, be-
cause libel means a little book," but that he would
have done so, or might have done so consistently
with his etymological theory, namely, that the
present sense of words is to be sought in their
primitive signification : e.g., in the Diversions of
Purley, vol. ii. p. 403., Home Tooke says, —

" True, as we now write it, or trew, as it was formerly
written, means simply and merely that which is trowed;
and, instead of its being a rare commodity upon earth,
except only in words, there is nothing but truth in the
world."

If we ought now to use the word truth only in
this sense, then, pari ratione, we ought to mean
only a little book when we use the word libel.

J. O. B.

Thorpe.

Irish Rhymes (Vol. viii., p. 250.). — A. B. C.
asks, " Will any one say it was through ignorance

576

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

that he (Swift) did not sound the g in dressing ? "
Now I cannot tell whether or not I shall raise a
nest of hornets about my ears, but my private im-
pression is that in doing so Swift meant to be
" more English and less nice." I think it invari-
ably strikes an Irishman as one of the most
remarkable peculiarities of the English people,
the almost constant omission of that letter from
every word ending (I should have said, if I was an
Englishman, " endin'") with it. The fair sex, I
fear I must add, are, of the two, rather more de-
cided in clippin' (g) the Queen's English.

Y. S. M.

Cabbages (Vol. ix., p. 424.). — I was aware of
the passage in Evelyn's Acetaria, and am anxious
to know whether there is any confirmation of that
statement. Is there any other information ex-
tant as to the first introduction of cabbages into
England ? C. H.

Sir William " Usher" not " Upton" (Vol. viii.,
p. 328.), was appointed Clerk of the Council in
Ireland, March 22, 1593. He was knighted by
Sir George Carey, Law Deputy, on St. James'
Day, 1603 ; and died in 16 — , having married
Isabella Loftus, eldest daughter of Adam Loftus,
Archbishop of Dublin. Of what family was he ?

Y. S. M.

"Buckle" (Vol. viii., pp. 127. 304. 526.).— An
awkward person, working incautiously with a saw,
will probably, to use a carpenter's phrase, buckle
it ; that is, give it a bend or twist which will in-
jure its working. Y. S. M.

Cornwall Family (Vol. ix., p. 304.). — John
Cornwall, Esq., a director of the Bank of England,
1769, bore the arms and crest of the ancient
family of that name of Burford, in Shropshire, of
which he was a member. A full account of this
distinguished family is now preparing under their
sanction. E. D.

John of Gaunt (Vol. ix., p. 432.). — Perhaps the
best method of explaining to Y. S. M. the unmfs-
takeable nose of the descendants of John of Gaunt,
will be to refer him to the complete series of por-
traits at Badminton, concluding with the late
Duke of Beaufort. He will then comprehend
what is difficult to describe in the physiognomy of

" That mighty line, whose sires of old
Sprang from Britain's royal blood ;
All its sons were wise and bold,
All its daughters fair and good ! "

E. D.

" Wellesley" or " Wesley" (Vol. viii., pp. 173.
255.). — Your readers will find, in Lynch' s Feudal
Dignities, the name spelt Wellesley in Ireland, so
long ago as the year 1230, and continued so for
several centuries at least subsequent to that date.

The Public Records also bear evidence of the high
position and great influence of the Wellesleys, not
Wesleys, for a lengthened period in Irish history.

Y. S. M.

Mantel-piece (Vol. ix., pp. 302. 385.). —In old
farm-houses, where the broad, open fireplace and
hearth still exist, a small curtain, or rather valance,
is often suspended from below the mantle-shelf,
the object apparently being the exclusion of
draughts and smoke. May not the use of this sort
of mantel have caused the part of the fireplace
from which it hangs to be called the mantel-piece ?
Edgar MacCulloch.

Guernsey.

" Mantel, n. s. (mantel, old French, or rather the
German word mantel, ' Germanis mantel non pallium
modo significat, sed etiam id omne quod aliud circum-
dat : hinc murus arcis, atque structura quae focum
invertit,mawfeZ ipsis dicitur.' V. Ducange in v. Mantum).
Work raised before a chimney to conceal it, whence
the name, which originally signifies a cloak." — Todd's
Johnson.

Richardson gives the two following quotations
from Wotton :

"From them (Italians) we may better learn, both
how to raise fair mantles within the rooms, and how to
disguise gracefully the shafts of chimneys abroad (as
they use) in sundry forms." — Reliquice Wottoniance,
p. 37.

" The Italians apply it (plastick) to the mantling of
chimneys with great figures, a cheap piece of magnifi-
cence." — Id. p. 63.

Zeus.

" Perturbabantur" &fc. (Vol. ix., p. 452.).—
When I first learned to scan verses, somewhere
about thirty years ago, the lines produced by your
correspondent P. were in every child's mouth,
with this story attached to them. It was said that
Oxford had received from Cambridge the first line
of the distich, with a challenge to produce a cor-
responding line consisting of two words only. To
this challenge Oxford replied by sending back the
second line, pointing out, at the same time, the
false quantity in the word " Constantinopolitani."

J. Sansom.

The story connected with these lines current at
Cambridge in my time was, that the University of
Oxford challenged the sister university to match
the first line ; to which challenge the second line
was promptly returned from Cambridge by way of
reply. At Oxford, I believe, the story is reversed,
as neither university is willing to own to the false
quantity in " Constantinopolitani."

J. Eastwood, M.A.

The classic legend attached to these two lines
(and there are only two in the legend) is that the
Oxonians sent a challenge to the Cantabs to make

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

577

a binomial pentameter corresponding to "Per-
turbabantur Constantinopolitani." The Cantabs
immediately returned the challenge by sending
" Innumerabilibus sollicitudinibus." Perhaps it
is worthy of remark, though not evident except to
a Greek scholar, that the first line contains at least
one false quantity, for "Constantinopolitani" must
have the antepenultima long, as being derived
from iroAiTYis. The lengthening of the fourth syl-
lable may perhaps have been considered as a com-
pensation, though rather a pra-posterous one.

Charles De la Prtme.

I remember to have heard that the history of
these two lines is as follows : — The head of one of
our public schools having a talent for composing
extraordinary verses, sent the first line, " Pertur-
babantur Constantinopolitani," to a friend of his,
who was at the time the captain of another public
school, asking him at the same time whether he
could compose anything like it. The answer re-
turned was the second line, " Innumerabilibus
sollicitudinibus," — a line, in my opinion, much
superior to the former, as well for other reasons as
that it is free from any false quantity ; while, as
any Greek scholar will at once find out, the ante-
penultimate syllable of " Constantinopolitani "
must be long, being derived from the Greek word
iroKiTi\s.

I never heard of any more lines of the same
description. P. A. H.

I have always understood that once upon a
time the Eton boys, or those of some other public
school, sent the hexameter verse, " Perturbabantur
Constantinopolitani," to the Winchester boys,
challenging them to produce a pentameter verse
consisting of only two words, and making sense.
The Winchester boys added, " Innumerabilibus
sollicitudinibus." Wicc amicus.

Edition of " Othello " (Vol. ix., p. 375.). — The
work inquired for, with the astrological (the editor
would have called them hieroglyphic) notes, forms
part of the third volume of the lunatic production
of Mr. Robert Deverell, which I described in
" Ni & Q.," Vol. ii., p. 61., entitled Discoveries in
Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities, 6 vols. 8vo.,
Lond. 1813. J. P. M.

In case it would be of any use to M. A., Mr.
Cole, the late lessee of the Theatre Royal, Dublin,
is now reader of plays (I think) to Mr. Kean at
the Princesses Theatre ; at all events he is con-
nected with that establishment. L.M.N.

Dublin.

Perspective (Vol. ix., pp. 300. 378.).— I shall be
glad of a reference to any work on Perspective
which treats satisfactorily of that part of the sub-
ject on which I made my Note. I think if Mr.
Ferrey will draw a lofty building on either side of

a landscape, he will not be satisfied with its ap-
pearance, if he makes that side of it which is in
the plane of the picture perfectly rectangular. I
often meet with instances in which it is so drawn,
and they produce the effect on me of a note out of
time. Mr. Stilwell's observation is only par-
tially correct. There is one position of the eye, at
a fixed distance from the picture, at which all the
lines subtend equal angles at the eye with the
corresponding lines of the original landscape. But
a picture is not to be looked at from one point,
and that at, probably, an inconvenient proximity
to the eye. I have before me a print (in the HI.
Lond. News) of the interior of St. Paul's, of which
the dome gives about as good an idea of proportion
to the building, as the north part of Mercator's
projection of the World. The whole building is
depressed and top-heavy, simply because the per-
spective of lines in the plane of the picture is rect-
angular throughout. I have another interior (of
Winchester Cathedral, by Owen Carter), which,
being drawn on the same plan, gives the idea of a
squat tunnel, unless looked at from one point of
view, about eight inches from the picture. I feel
that drawing these interiors so as not to offend the
eye by either the excess or deficiency of perspec-
tive, is a great difficulty. But I think something
may be done in the way of "humouring" the per-
spective, and approximating in our drawing to that
which we know we see. The camera has thrown
light upon the subject. We ought not to despise
altogether the hints it gives us by its perhaps
exaggerated perspective, in the case of parallel
lines in the plane of the picture. I hope I may at
least be able to draw out some more remarks upon,
a subject which I cannot help thinking, with Mr.
Inglebt, is in an unsatisfactory and defective
state. G. T. Hoare.

Tandridge.

" Go to Bath" (Vol. ix., p. 421.).— I have little
doubt but that this phrase is connected with the
fact of Bath's being proverbially the resort of
beggars ; and what more natural, to one ac-
quainted with this fact, than to bid an importu-
nate applicant betake himself thither to join his
fellows ? See also Fuller's Worthies (co. Somer-
set).

I transcribe the passage for the benefit of those
who have not the book at hand :

" Beggars of Bath. — Many in that place ; some
natives there, others repairing thither from all parts of
the land ; the poor for alms, the pained for ease.
Whither should fowl flock in a hard frost, but to the
barn-door ? Here, all the two seasons, being the
general confluence of gentry. Indeed laws are daily
made to restrain beggars, and daily broken by the
connivance of those who make them ; it being impos-
sible when the hungry belly barks, and bowels sound,
to keep the tongue silent. And although oil of whip

578

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 242.

be the proper plaister for the cramp of laziness, yet
some pity is due to impotent persons. In a word,
seeing there is the Lazar's-bath in this city, I doubt
not but many a good Lazarus, the true object of
charity, may beg therein."

J.'Eastwood, M.A.

R. R. inquires the origin of the above saying,
but has forgotten the context, viz. " and get your
head shaved." I have often heard it explained as
an allusion to the fact, that, in former days, per-
sons who showed symptoms of insanity were sent
to Bath to drink the medicinal waters ; the pro-
cess of shaving the head being previously resorted
to. The saying is applied to those who either
relate " crack-brained" stories, or propose under-
takings that raise a doubt as to their sanity.

K. L. T.

Ridings and Chaffings (Vol. ix., p. 370.). —
Though unable to give Mr. Thomas Russell
Potter any information respecting the " Ridings
and Chaffings" of Nottinghamshire and Leicester-
shire, I send the following note of a somewhat
similar custom prevalent in Oxfordshire (I never
heard of it elsewhere), thinking it may perhaps
interest him and others of your correspondents.

I remember once, about three years ago, I was
walking in Blenheim Park, with a friend then
resident at Woodstock, when suddenly the still-
ness of a summer evening was broken by strange
and inharmonious sounds, coming to us across the
water from the old town. The sounds grew louder
and louder, and in great surprise I appealed to my
friend for an explanation ; when I learned that it
was a custom in that part of the country, when-
ever it was discovered that a man had been
beating his wife, for the neighbours to provide
themselves with all sorts of instruments, fire-irons,
kettles, and pots, in fine, anything capable of
making a noise, and proceed en masse to the house
of the offender, before whose door they performed
in concert, till their indignation subsided or their
arms grew weary ; and that the noise we then
heard was the distant sound of such music.

I do not know if my friend gave any name to
this practice ; if he did, I have since forgotten it.
Doubtless, some of your Oxford readers can assist
me. R. V. T.

Mincing Lane.

At Marchington, in Staffordshire, the custom
exists of having what is called a " Rantipole Rid-
ing" for every man who beats his wife. The
ceremony is performed with great" care and so-
lemnity. A committee is formed to examine into
the case. Then the village poet is employed to
give a history of the occurrence in verse. The
procession goes round in the evening with a cart,
which serves as a stage on which the scene is acted
and from which the verses are recited. The cus-

tom has been there observed, with so much judg-
ment and discretion, that it has been productive
of much good, and has now almost entirely put a
stop to this disgraceful practice. I can remember
several " ridings" in my younger days. H. B.

Mr. Potter will find, upon referring to Vol. i.,
p. 245., that this custom prevails in Gloucester-
shire, with the substitution of straw for chaff. I
have seen the Gloucestershire version both in
Kent and Sussex, and have received an expla-
nation of it similar to Mr. Potter's own suppo-
sition. G. William Seyring.

Somerset House.

Faithful Commin (Vol. ix., p. 155.). — Your
correspondent W. H. Gunner will find a detailed
account of Faithful Commin in Foxes and Fire-
brands, a tract of which mention has been made in
various Numbers of " N. & Q." It is there said to
be extracted from the Memorials of Cecil Lord
Burleigh, from whose papers it was transmitted to
Archbishop Ussher. " The papers of the Lord
Primate coming to the hands of Sir James Ware,
his son, Robert Ware, Esq., has obliged the public
by the communication of them." 'AAievs.

Dublin.

Heraldic Anomaly (Vol. ix., p. 430.). — Tee
Bee's description of the arms on St. John's Gate
is somewhat defective. They are engraved, and
more completely described, in Cromwell's History
of Clerkenwell [1828], p. 128. W. P. Storer.

Olney, Bucks.

Odd Fellows (Vol. ix., p. 327.). — C. F. A. W.
will find some of the Odd Fellows' secrets disclosed
in a small volume entitled A Ritual and Illustra-
tions of Free Masonry, Sfc, by a Traveller in the
United States (third thousand) : published by
James Gilbert, 49. Paternoster Row, 1844. The
Odd Fellows date from Adam, who was the odd
and solitary representative of the human race be-
fore the creation of Eve. Kennedy M'Nab.

" Branks" (Vol. ix., p. 336.). — The word branks
does occur in Burns, and signifies " wooden curb,"
but it is not in that sense it is used by Wodrow.
The branks of the Covenanters was an iron collar
and chain firmly fixed to a tree, or post, or pillar,
about three feet from the ground. This was
locked round the neck of the luckless offender,
who was thus obliged to remain in a most in-
convenient and painful crouching posture, being
neither able to stand nor lie. Many of these are
still to be seen in the neighbourhood of the resi-
dences of old Highland families who, ere Lord
Hardwicke's Jurisdiction Act, exercised the powers
of pit and gallows. There is one at the entrance
to Culloden House, near Inverness.

Kennedy M'Nab.

June 17. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

579

i2fltecellanc0ttf.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :

The Trials of Robert Powell, Edward Burch, and Matthew
Martin, for Forgery, at the Old Bailey. London. 8vo.
1771.

Wanted by J. N. Chadwick, Esq., King's Lynn.

Ayre's Life of Pope. 2 Vols. 1741.

Pope and Swift's Miscellanies. 1727. 2 Vols. (Motte), with

two Vols, subsequently published, together 4 Vols.
Familiar Letters to H. Cromwell by Mr. Pope. Curl, 1727.
Pope's Literary Correspondence. Curl, 1735-6. 6 Vols.
Pope's Works. 4to. 1717.

Pope's Correspondence with Wycherley. Gilliver, 1729.
Narrative of Dr. Robert Norris concerning Frenzy of J. D.

Lintot, 1713.
The New Rehearsal, or Bayes the Younger. Roberts,

1714.
Complete Art of English Poetry. 2 Vols.
Gay's Miscellaneous Works. 4 Vols. 12mo. 1773.
Richardsoniana, or Reflections on Moral Nature of Man.

1776.
A Collection of Verses, Essays, &c, occasioned by Pope and

Swift's Miscellanies. 1728.

Wanted by Mr. Francis, 14. Wellington Street North, Strand.

A true Account of the Voyage of the Nottingham-galley
of London, &c, by Captain John Dean. 8vo. London, 1711.

A Falsification of the above, by Longman, Miller, and White.
London, 1711. 8vo.

A Letter from Moscow to the Marquis of Carmarthen,
relating to the Czar of Muscovy's Forwardness in his great
Navy since his return home, by J. Deane. London, 1699. Fol.

Hours of Idleness, Lord Byron. 8vo. Newark, 1807.

Bacon's Essays in Latin.

Wanted by S. F. Creswell, King's College, London.

The Church of England Magazine. Vol. XXI. 1846. In
good order, and in the cloth case.

Wanted by the Rev. B. H. Blacker, 11 . Pembroke Road, Dublin.

Father Bridoul's School of the Eucharist. Trans, by Claget.

London, 1687.
Freitaghii Mythologia Ethica, with 138 Plates. Antv. 1579.

4to.

Wanted by J. 6., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton
Street, Dublin.

00ttce<* to CarrerfpDtiaaiM.

Owing to the number of Replies to Minor Queries waiting
for insertion, we have this week omitted our Notes on Books, Sjc.

Salop will find an interesting article on Bostal or Borstal Road,
a winding way up a hill, in Cooper's Sussex Glossary, s. v.

A Subscriber. The passage " Music hath charms," Sjc.isfrom
Congreve's Mourning Bride, Act I. Sc. I.

J. L. (Edinburgh) will find the line

" Dan Chaucer (well of English undefiled) "

in Spenser's Faerie Queene, b. to. canto ii. stanza 32.

B. B. is referred to Chapter IF. of Ferriar's Illustrations of
Sterne, 2 vols., 1812, for some notice of Sterne's obligations to
Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.

H. C. C. (Devizes). The failure in the picture sent has the
appearance of having been caused by air-bubbles in the solution
when exciting the albumenized paper.

We hope next week to present our photographic readers with a
very simple mode of preparing paper for the Tnlbotype process.
In the mean time we can assure them of the beautiful results we
have seen produced by Mr. Lyte's process in the present Number.
Let those who try it remember, however, that by how much more
rapid is the action, by so much more care is required in the opera-
tion, and so much greater is the risk of failure.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

" Notes and Queries " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the
convenience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring
the unstamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly.
While parties resident in the country or abroad, who may be
desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, mny have stamped
copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription for
the stamped edition of" Notes and Queries " is eleven shillings
and fourpence for six months, which may be paid by Fust-Office
Order, drawn in favour of the Publisher, Mn. George Bell,
No. 186. Fleet Street.

yVLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Pho-

_Z\_ tographic Establishments. — The superiority of this preparation is now universally ac-
knowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day,
warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces
nniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate
Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions
for use.

^Cautiow — Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W.
THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP : for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.

The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature
and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS. CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure
Photographic Chemicals : and may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at Is., 2s.,
and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS.
BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS, DA-
GITERREOTYPISTS, &c. - Instanta-
neous Collodion (or Collodio-Iodide Silver).
Solution for Iodizing Collodion. Pyrogallic,
Gallic, and Glacial Acetic Acids, and every
Pure Chemical required in the Practice of
Photrgraphy, prepared by WILLIAM BOL-
TON, Operative and Photographic Chemist,
146. Holborn Bars. Wholesale Dealer in every
kind of Photographic Papers, Lenses, Cameras,
and Apparatus, and Importer of French and
German Lenses, &c. Catalogues by Post on
receipt of Two Postage Stamps. Sets of Ap-
paratus from Three Guineas.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

WHOLESALE PHOTOGRA-
PHIC AND OPTICAL WARE-
HOUSE.

J. SOLOMON, 22. Red Lion Square, London.
Depot for the Pocket Water Filter.

/CAMERA to be Sold, Second-

\_J hand, well made, English make, sliding
principle, with front, universal adjustment, fo-
cussing-glass, and double paper-holder. Pic-
tures 10 by 8. Price 3?. Also French Stand,
15s. Apply to P. LE NEVE FOSTER, Society
of Arts, Adelphi, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art. —
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

nOCOA-NUT FIBRE MAT-

\J TING and MATS, of the best quality.
— The Jury of Class 28, Great Kxhibition,
awarded the Prize Medal to T. TRELOAR,
Cocoa- Nut Fibre Manufacturer, 42. Ludgate
Hill, London.

580

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[No. 242.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. Bicknell.Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq.

M.P.
O. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq.;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers. — Messrs. Cocks. Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus. , ,

Specimens of Bates of Premium for Assuring
100(.. with a Share in three-fourths of the
Profits :—
Age £ s. d. Age £ s. d.

17 - - - 1

32-

.

- 2 10

8

37-

•

- 2 18

6

42-

-

- 3 8

X

27 - - - 2 ■
ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,
Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6^., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER
ALE. - MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.

LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.

MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.

DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.

GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.

DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.

BIRMINGH AM, at Market Hall.

SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity ot announcing to PRIVATE
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having " ALLSOPP
& SONS " written across it.

CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF
SAFES AND LOCKS. — These safes are
the most secure from force, fraud, and fire.
Chubb's locks, with all the recent improve-
ments, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Com-
plete lists, with prices, will be sent on applica-
tion.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester j and Horseley Fields,
Wolverhampton.

TMPERIAL LIFE .INSU-

JL RANCE COMPANY.

1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
Instituted 1820.

SAMUEL HIBBERT.ESQ., Chairman.

WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., Deputy-
Chairman.

The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by
this Office will be found of a very moderate
character, but at the same time quite adequate
to the risk incurred.

FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent, of the
Profits, are assigned to Policies every fifth
year, and may be applied to increase the sum
insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or
to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
future Premiums.

ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insur-
ances of 500Z. and upwards, for the whole term
of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy,
to be paid off at convenience ; or the Directors
will lend sums of 50/. and upwards, on the
security of Policies effected with this Company
for the whole term of life, when they have
acquired an adequate value.

SECURITY. — Those who effect Insurances
with this Company are protected by its Sub-
scribed Capital of 750,000/., of which nearly
140,000'. is invested, from the risk incurred by
Members of Mutual Societies.

The satisfactory financial condition of the
Company, exclusive of the Subscribed and In-
vested Capital, will be seen by the following
Statement :

On the 31st October, 1853, the sums
Assured, including Bonus added,

amounted to £2,500,000

The Premium Fund to more than - 800,000
And the Annual Income from the
same source, to - - 109,000

Insurances, without participation in Profits,
may be effected at reduced rates.

SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

THE ORIGINAL QUAD-
RILLES, composed for the PIANO
FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE MERTON.
London : Published for the Proprietors, and
may be had of C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond
Street ; and by Order of all Music Sellers.

PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.

Patronised by tne Royal
Family.

TWO THOUSANtT POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-

NESS PREVENTED.
BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
Bottles, 2s. M. ; double size, 4s. 6d. ; 7s. 6rf.
equal to 4 small; lis. to 6 small; 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might lie
inserted. Packets, Is. ; Boxes, 2s. ed. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street:
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
Street, Kinsale ; GRATTAN, Belfast ;
MURDOCK. BROTHERS, Glasgow DUN-
CAN & FLOWCHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229.
Strand ; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard ;
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAT, 63. Oxford Street ; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho

Square (established a.d. 17851, sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age : — " We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, houdoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Hlew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz E. Harrison, H. F. Hass<5,
J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G.Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler. E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery. S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry,H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault. Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell,
E. Rockel. Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers. 17, 15, and 1J
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, m Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 10
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold,
50 <oiineas ; Silver. 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, 21., 31., and 4/. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED

X\_ CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of
PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,
DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travellmg-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

^riK^C^^
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, June 17. 1854.

NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC,

M When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle.

No. 243.]

Saturday, June 24. 1854.

f Price Fourpence.
Stamped Edition, Rrf.

CONTENTS.

Uotes : — Page

Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lam-
min, &c. - - - - - 683

Bohn's Reprint of Woodfall's " Junius,"
by H. Martin - - - -584

Minor Notes : _ Mutilating Books —
The Plymouth Calendar — Divinity
Professorships - - • - 585

Queries : —
Sepulchral Monuments - 586

Roger Ascham and his Letters, by

J. E. B. Major

- 588

Minor Queries : — Symbolism in Ra-
phael's Pictures — " Obtains " — Army
Lists for Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries — Anonymous Poet — John
Bale — A short Sermon - - 589

Minor Queries with Answers : —
Quakers' Calendar—" Rodondo,or the
State Jugglers " — Rathlin Island —
Parochial Registers — " Trevelyan,"
&c. — Grammar School of St. Mary de
Crypt, Gloucester ... 589

Replies : —

Cranmer's Martyrdom, by John P. Stil-

well.&c. - - - - 590

Coleridge's Unpublished Manuscripts,

by C. Mansfield Ingleby - - 591

Life - - - - - - 591

Inscriptions on Bells, by Peter Orlando

Hutchinson, Cuthbert Bede, Rev.

H. T. Ellacombe, &c. - - - 592

De Beauvoir Pedigree, by Edgar Mac-

Culloch - - - - - 696

Right of Refuge in the Church Porch,

by Goddard Johnson, &c. - - 597

Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma,

by J. Reynell Wreford, &c. - - 598

Photographic Correspondbncb : — Mr.
Townsend's Wax-paper Process —
Photographic Litigation - - 598

Replies to Minor Queries :— Vandyk-
ing — Monteith — A. M. and M. A. —
Greek denounced by the Monks— Cal-
•decott's Translation of the New Testa-
ment — Blue Bells of Scotland _" De
male qusesitis gaudet non tertius
laeres " — Mawkin— " Putting a spoke
in his wheel " — Dog Latin — Swedish

"Words current in England — Mob

"Days of my Youth" — Encore —
Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cam-
bridge — Right of redeeming Property
— Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-
house — Myrtle Bee — Mousehunt

Longfellow s "Hyperion" —Benjamin
Rush — Quakers executed in North
America - 599

Miscellaneous : —
Notices to Correspondents - - 603

Vol. IX No. 243.

Multae terricolis lingiue, ccelestibus una.

SAMUEL BAGSTER
AND SONS'

GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent
Free by Post. It contains Lists of
Quarto Family Bibles ; Ancient
English Translations ; Manuscript-
notes Bibles ; Polyglot Bibles in every variety
of Size and Combination of Language ; Pa-
rallel-passages Bibles ; Greek Critical and
other Testaments ; Polyglot Books of Common
Prayer ; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many
other Languages, in great variety ; Aids to the
Study of the Old Testament and of the New
Testament ; and Miscellaneous Biblical and
other Works. By Post Free.

London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS,
15. Paternoster Row.

Xlo'A/.ai u.iv Hrvijms TXairrcu, f&m 3'

AllMCCTOiflt.

Now ready, No. VU. (for May), price 2s. 6d.,
published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
(New Series) ; consisting of Criticisms
upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious,
Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also
ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
London.

THE ORIGINAL QUAD-
RILLES, composed for the PIANO
FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE MERTON.
London : Published for the Proprietors, and
may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond
Street ; and by Order of all Music Sellers.

PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.

"It is conducted with ability, industry, and
learning." — Nottingham Mercury.

Now ready, price \s. Gd., the Half-yearly Vo-
lume (January to June, 1854), of the

BRITISH CONTROVERSIAL-
IST AND MAGAZINE OF SELF-
CULTURE. Containing interesting Debates
on Episcopacy, Presbyterianism, or Congrega-
tionalism — Communications from a Spiritual
World — Napoleon Buonaparte —Justice to
Scotland — Slavery.

A series of Articles on European Philosophy,
and " Self-Culture."

Essays on Poetry — Modern Poets — Build-
ing Societies : their Constitution and Advan-
tages—Language—Phonetics, &-c. Informa-
tion in answer to numerous questions, on the
plan of " Notes and Queries." Also a
Monthly List of New Books, Literary Intelli-
gence, Notices of Books, &c.

The BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST is
also published on the first of every month, in
Parts, price Threepence each, containing Forty
Pages of superior Letterpress, with a Wrapper
devoted to Notices to Correspondents.

London : HOULSTON & STONEMAN.

A MERICAN BOOKS. — LOW,

i+^- S(lNl & CO-' as the Importers and Pub-
lishers of American Books in this Country
have recently issued a detailed Catalogue of
their Stock in Theology, History, Travels,
Biography, Practical Science, Fiction, &c, a
Copy of which will be forwarded upon appli-
cation. '"'

By arrangements with the American Pub-
lishers, all Works of known or anticipated
interest will in future be published by LOW,
SON, & CO., simultaneously with their appear-
ance m America. Works not in stock ob-
tained within six weeks of order. Lists of
Importations forwarded regularly when de-
sireJ,

Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants
and Shippers, and the Trade, supplied on ad-
vantageous terms.

.Small enclosures taken for weekly case to
the United States at a moderate charge.

TO BOOK-BUYERS. — Just

A „ published, Gratis, Part XIV. of a CATA-
LOGUE OF SECOND-HAND BOOKS, in
the various Classes of English Literature (in-
cluding numerous choice Illustrated Works),
in excellent condition, and at very low prices

J. DOWDING), 82. Newgate Street, London.

TO BOOK-COLLECTORS.—

L Now Ready, Gratis and Post-Free.
T. MILLARD'S XXXVIth Catalogue of Se-
cond-hand Books, containing Uiustrated Lon-
don News, complete, 23 vols., hf. calf, 15?.,
another, cloth, 12/. ; Encyclopa;dia Britannica,
sixth edition, calf, fine copy, 10gs., seventh
edition, cloth, Ul. ; Penny Cyclopaedia, with
Supplement, new hf. calf., 11. 10s. ; Dr. Adam
Clarke s Bible, new, 21. 10s. ; D'Oyly and
Want's Bible, 3/. ; Nash's Mansions, new, 8gs.:
Magistrated Statutes, 1835 to 1852, 6 gs. : Te"-g's
London Cyclopaedia, 41. 10s.

70. NEWGATE STREET, LONDON.

*** Books Bought.

BOOKS. — The CATALOGUE
for JUNE is now ready, containing Rare,
Curious, and Valuable Books at reduced prices
for ready money. Gratis and Post Free.

JOHN PETHERAM, 94. High Holborn.

OLD AND SECOND-HAND
BOOKS — A CATALOGUE of Second-
hand Books, Free by Post on receipt of Ad-
dress. A CATALOGUE of Mathematical and
Scientific Books, in various Languages, Free
on receipt of Two Postage Stamps. Address
W. B. KELLY, Bookseller, Dublin.

LITERARY CURIOSITIES.—
Fac-Similes of extremely Curious and
Interesting Newspapers, published during the
Times of King Charles and Oliver Cromwell,
sent (Post Free) on Receipt of 12 Stamps.
J. H. FENNELL, 1 . Warwick Court, Holborn,
London.

582

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

MURRAY'S BRITISH CLAS-
SICS.—The Third Volume of GIB-
BON'S ROMAN EMPIRE, edited by DR.
"WM. SMITH, will be published with the
Magazines on June 30th.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
No. CLXXXIX. ADVERTISE-

MENTS for the forthcoming Number must
be forwarded to the Publisher by the 1st, and
BILLS for Insertion by the 3rd JULY.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

ALFORD'S GREEK TESTAMENT WITH
ENGLISH NOTES.

Now ready, in 8vo., Vol. I.. Second Edition
(containing the Four Gospels) of

THE GREEK TESTAMENT:
with a critically revised Text : a Digest
of various Readings : Marginal References to
Verbal and Idiomatic Usage ; Prolegomena ;
and a copious Critical and Exegetical Com-
mentary. For the Use of Theological students
and Ministers. By HENRY ALFORD, B.D.,
Minister of Quebec Chapel. London, and late
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, London ;
and DEIGHTON, Cambridge.

Of whom may be had,

The SECOND VOLUME.

(The Third and Concluding Volume is in pre-
paration.)

F

AMILY MUSIC. — STE-
PHEN GLOVER'S NEW QUAD-
BLLLES : The Turkish Army, the lurkish
Navy. Le Pet-roquet, Osborne, the Great Globe,
the Gipsies', the Welsh, Mamma's, Papas,
Eugenie, the Nice Young Maidens', and the
Nice Young Bachelors'. Piano solos, 3s. each ;
duets, 4s. each.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO.,
New Burlington Street.

FAMILY MUSIC. — ROBERT
COCKS & CO.'S HANDBOOK OF
GLEES, Madrigals, Catches, Canons, Part
Songs, &c, with an Accompaniment for the
Piano or Harmonium. Edited by JOSEPH
WARREN. 80 Numbers, price 2d. each.
Nos. 1. to 50. may be had in one vol., cloth
boards, 8s.

London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Bur-
lington Street ; and of all music-sellers.

T ONGFELLOW, THE POET.

\j —There is a sweet song by this admired
writer just now much inquired after. It is
called "EXCELSIOR." This really sublime
effusion of the poet is charmingly wedded to
music by MISS M. LINDSAY. It is particu-
larly a song for the refined evening circle, and
is adorned with a capital illustration. It is
among the recent publications of the MESSRS.
ROBERT COCKS & CO., Her Majesty s
Music Publishers, of New Burlington Street.
— See The Observer, May 28, 1854.

INDISPENSABLE TO CORRECT
WRITERS AND SPEAKERS.

Just ready, price 3s. 6d, square 12mo., cloth,

ANEW DICTIONARY OF
SYNONYMS, arranged in Alpha-
betical Order. By D. L. MACKENZIE.

This is an entirely new Dictionary of En-
glish Synonyms. Considerable pains have
been taken to render it what, on comparison
with others, it will he found to be— the MOST
COMPLETE in the LANGUAGE.

Published by G. WILLIS, Great Piazza,
Covent Garden.

Just published, in One Volume 12mo., sewed,
222 pp., price Is. 6ci.

THE GOVERNING CLASSES
OF GREAT BRITAIN. Political
Portraits, by EDWARD M. WHITTY.

" In this volume we have some exceedingly
smart sketches of various public men." —
Church and State Gazette.

" These portraits of what the author terms
the ' Governing Classes of Great Britain,' are
republished from ' The Leader ' newspaper, and
form a little Thesaurus of information of a
peculiar and interesting character." — Leeds
Times.

" These lively sketches of living political
characters are, many of them, admirably
written, always satirical in spirit, and occa-
sionally far-seeing in their ken. There are
points which Thackeray could hardly have
done better."— Era.

"The readers of the 'Leader' need only be
informed that the series of papers, ' The Go-
verning Classes of Great Britain,' which were
contributed by a Non-Elector, have been col-
lected into an eighteenpenny volume, in
handsome legible t) pe ; the Non-Elector de-
claring himself to be Mr. Edward Whitty, a
name which has only the aspirate de trop." —
Leader.

TRUBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.

This Day is published in 8vo., 10s. 6d., the
First Volume (embracing the Topography
and Botany) of a

■\TATURAL HISTORY OF

j.1 THE EASTERN BORDERS. By G.
JOHNSTON, M.D., Author of " A History of
British Zoophytes," &c.
JOHN VAN VOORST, 1. Paternoster Row.

Just published, 2 vols, post 8vo., 18s.

A VOLUNTEER'S INDIAN
SCRAMBLE. By LIEUT. HUGO
JAMES, Bengal Army.

" There is variety in the volumes : rough
adventure in the earlier journeys through
Scinde and the Punjab ; camp life at the Siege
of Mooltan ; interviews with half independent
princes," &c. — Spectator.

" A perusal will certainly delight and in-
struct the reader." —if orning Advertiser.
JUST RECEIVED FROM INDIA.
In 8vo., cloth, price 5s. ; by post 58. 6d.

HINTS ON EXAMINA-
TIONS IN THE VERNACULAR LAN-
GUAGES OF WFSTERN INDIA. By A.
ST. JOHN RICHARDSON, Bombay Civil
Service.
W. THACKER &. CO., 87. Newgate Street.

Just published, in crown 8vo., price 9s. 6d.
cloth,

THE LAST OF THE OLD
SQUIRES: A Sketch. By CEDRIC
OLDACRE, ESQ., of Sax-Normanbury, some-
time of Christ Church, Oxon.
London : LONGMAN. BROWN, GREEN,
& LONGMANS.

EDWARD OFFOR, Lithogra-
phic Draughtsman and Missal Painter,
28. Leadenhall Street, City, and Grove Street,
Hackney, having received permission to make
fac-similes from the Bibles and Autographs,
and copy the illuminated Manuscripts in the
British Museum, is ready to fulfil any orders
entrusted to him. He has also free access to
his Father's well-known valuable Collection
of Bibles and Manuscripts, from which he has
made many fac-similes.

Autograph and other Letters accurately
fac-similed on Stone or Paper. Architectural
Drawings ; all kinds of Plans ; Old Woodcuts ;
Missals, and various kinds ot Illuminated
Writing : as also Designs in any style made or
copied. Plain or in Colours, on Stone, Wood,
Zinc Paper, &e., on the shortest notice.

E O has received the appointment of He-
raldic Draughtsman to the " Star Clubs' of
London, and undertakes ail kinds of Heraldry
on Vel him or Stone.

Valuable Books or Drawings will be pre-
served with the greatest care, and security
given if required.

URGENT QUESTIONS. BY THE REV.

JOHN CUMMING, D.D.

On the 1st JULY will be published,

WHAT THINK YE OF
CHRIST ? The First of a Series of
Personal, Practical, and Pointed Questions,
adapted for Universal Circulation.

The Series will be continued MONTHLY,
neatly printed, with a Wrapper, in imperial
32mo., price TWOPENCE.

These QUESTIONS are Personal, Practical,
and Pointed. They are designed to suggest
trains of inquiry in which every human being
has a deep interest, and to indicate answers
full of Peace.

Each Question, with its Solution, will be
published monthly, and at so low a price, that
Christian heads of houses and establishments
may be induced to circulate or distribute them.
They may awaken inquiries, which will be
satisfied with nothing short of an answer from
the only Source of light, life, and truth.
The SECOND will be published on the 1st of
AUGUST,

WHAT MUST I DO TO BE

SAVED ?

London : JOHN F. SHAW, 27. Southampton
Row, and Paternoster Row.

WORKS BY DR. CUMMING.

THE GREAT SACRIFICE ;
or. The Gospel according to Leviticus.
Fcp. 8vo., 2s. &d. cloth.

*** This forms the First Companion Volume
to the " Sabbath Morning Readings."
Fourth Thousand. Uniform with " Voices of
the Night."

BENEDICTIONS ; or, the

Blessed Life. Fcp. 8vo., 7«. cloth.

VOICES OF THE NIGHT.

Twelfth Thousand. Fcp. 8vo., 7s. cloth.

VOICES OF THE DAY.

Ninth Thousand. Fcp. 8vo., Is. cloth.

VOICES OF THE DEAD.

Sixth Thousand. Fcp. 8vo., 7s. cloth.

CHRIST RECEIVING SIN-
NERS. Sixteenth Thousand. Fcp.8vo.,2s.6c7.
cloth ; also in 18mo., price Is. cloth.

GOD in HISTORY. Eighth

Enlarged Edition. Fcp. 8vo., 2s. 6rf. cloth.
SABBATH MORNING READINGS ON
THE OLD TESTAMENT.

THE BOOK OF GENESIS.

Seventh Thousand. 5s. cloth.

THE BOOK OF EXODUS.

Fifth Thousand. 5s. cloth.

THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS.

London : JOHN F. SHAW, 27. Southampton
Row, and Paternoster Row.

Just published, fcp. 8vo. 3s. 6rf. cloth.

TALES OF IRELAND AND
THE IRISH. By J. G. MACWALTER.
Author of the " Scarlet Mystery," History of
the Irish Church."

London : JOHN F. SHAW, 27. Southampton
Row, and Paternoster Row.

TURKEY SHAW'S FAMFLY LIBRARY.

Price Is. boards.

THE SULTAN OF TURKEY,

1 ABDUL MEDJID. KHAN. A Brief
Jlemoir of his Life and Times, with Notices of
Mil Country, its lAnny. g^ ondwresent
Prospects. By the REV. HENRY CHKIbl-
MAS, M.A.

Fcp. 8vo., 2s. 6d. cloth.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

Lives of the Emperor of Russia, Nicholas I.
„'jh„, Sultan of Turkey. Abdul Mefljid
Khan By the REV. HENRY CHRISTMAS,
M.A.

London : JOHN F. SHAW, 27. Southampton
Row, and Paternoster Row.

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

583

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 1A, 1854.

MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.

Vol.

3.204.356.)

(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549. ; Vol. ix., pp

" Des gens qui £crivent pour le Comte de Grammont
peuvent compter sur quelque indulgence." — Vide In-
troduction to the Memoirs.

Grammont's first visit to England may have
been in Nov. 1655, when Bordeaux, the French
ambassador, concluded a treaty with Cromwell,
whereby France agreed totally to abandon the
interests of Charles II. ; and Cromwell, on his part,
declared war against Spain, by which we gained
Jamaica. Another opportunity occurred in 1657,
when Cromwell's son-in-law, Lord Fauconberg,
was sent to compliment Louis XIV. and Cardinal
Mazarin, who were near Dunkirk. The am-
bassador presented some horses to the King and
his brother, and also to the Cardinal. They made
the ambassador handsome presents, and the King
sent the Duke de Crequi as his ambassador ex-
traordinary to the Protector, accompanied by
several persons of distinction.

Grammont was at the siege of Montmedi, which
surrendered on the 6th August, 1657.

He accompanied his brother, the Marshal, to
Madrid in 1660, to demand the hand of the Infanta
for his sovereign. On the King's entry into Paris
the same year with his Queen, Madame de Main-
tenon writes :

" The Chevalier de Grammont, Rouville, Bellefont,
and some other courtiers, followed the household of
Cardinal Mazarin, which surprised everybody : it was
said it was out of flattery. The Chevalier was dressed
in a flame-coloured suit, and was very brilliant."

In 1662 he was disgraced on account of Madlle
de la Motte Houdancourt, aggravated also, it is
said, by his having watched the King getting over
the tiles into the apartments of the maids of honour,
and spread the report about.

The writer of the notes to the Memoirs supposes
that the Count's circumstances were not very
flourishing on his arrival in England, and that he
endeavoured to support himself by his literary ac-
quirements. A scarce little work in Latin and
French on King Charles's coronation was attributed
to him, the initials to which were P. D. C, which
it was said might stand for Philibert de Cramont.
There seems no reason for this supposition : his
finances were no worse in England than they had
been in France ; and there is no doubt be made his
appearance at the Court of England under the
greatest advantages. His family were specially
protected by the Duke and Duchess of Orleans,
the favourite sister of King Charles ; and the Count
was personally known to the King and to the Duke

of York; and from a letter of Comminges', dated
20th Dec. 1662, it may be almost inferred that
the Duke sent his own yacht to fetch the Count
to London. Bussi-llabutin writes of the Count,
that he wrote almost worse than any one, and
therefore not very likely to recruit his finances by
authorship.

The exact date of Grammont's marriage has yet
to be fixed : probably a search at Doctors' Commons
for the licence, or in the Whitehall Registers, if
such exist, would determine the day. The first
child, a boy, was born on the 28th August, O. S.,
7th September, 1664, but did not live long. This
would indicate that the marriage took place in
December, 1663. From Comminges' letters, dated
in that month, it must have been on a day subse-
quent to the 24th December. Their youngest
child, who was afterwards an abbess, was born on
the 27th December, 1667.

It has been stated that Grammont was the hero
of Moliere's Mariage forcee, which was performed
before the Court at Versailles in 1664. Comminges'
letter of May 19-24, 1664, may allude to the
Count's conduct to Miss Hamilton. He was twenty
years older than the lady.

Under date of October 24— November 3, 1664,
Comminges announces the departure from London
of the Count and Countess de Grammont.

The Count was present with the King at the con-
quest of Franche Comte in 1660, and in particular
at the siege of Dole in February, 1668. The Count
and Countess were subsequently in England, as
King Charles himself writes to the Duchess of
Orleans on the 24th October, 1669, that the Count
and Countess, with their family, were returning to
France by way of Dieppe.

In 1668, according to St. Evremond, the Count
was successful in procuring the recall of his nephew,
the Count de Guiche.

Evelyn mentions in his Diary dining on the 10th
May, 1671, at Sir Thomas Clifford's, "where dined
Monsieur de Grammont and several French noble-
men."

Madame de Sevigne names the Count in her
letter of 5th January, 1672.

He was present at the siege of Maestricht, which
surrendered to the King in person on the 29th
June, 1673.

Madame de Sevigne names the Count again in
her letter of the 31st July, 1675.

The Duchess of Orleans (the second) relates the
great favour in which the Count was with the
King.

He was present at the sieges of Cambray and
Namur in April, 1677, and February, 1678.

We obtain many glimpses of the Count and
Countess in subsequent years in the pages of
Madame de Sevigne, Dangeau, and others, which
may be consulted in preference to filling your
columns with extracts.

584

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

In 1688, Graramont was sent by the Duke of
Orleans to congratulate James II. on the birth of
his son ; in the Ellin Correspondence, under the
date of 10th July, 1688, it appears there was to
have been an exhibition of fire-works, but it was
postponed, and the following int imation of the cause
was hinted at by a person behind the scenes :

" The young Prince is ill, but it is a secret ; I think
he will not hold. The foreign ministers, Zulestein
and Grammont, stay to see the issue."

Grammont died on the 30th January, 1707, aged
eighty-six years; his Countess survived him only
until the 3rd June, 1708, when she expired, aged
sixty-seven years. They only left one child,
namely, Claude Charlotte, married on the 6th
April, 1694, to Henry Howard, Earl of Stafford ;
Marie Elizabeth de Grammont, born the 27th
December, 1667, Abbess of Sainte Marine de
Poussey, in Lorraine, having died in 1706, previous
to her parents.

Maurepas says that Grammont's eldest daughter
was maid of honour to the second Duchess of
Orleans, who suspected her of intriguing with her
son, afterwards the celebrated Regent. TheDuchess,
he adds, married her to Lord Stafford.

Another writer says, that although Grammont's
daughters were not handsome, yet they caused as
much observation at Court as those who were.

W. H. Lammin.

Fulham.

Count Hamilton is little to be trusted to in his
chronology, from a mischievous custom that he has
of, whenever he has to record a marriage or love
affair between two parties considerably different
in age, adding to that difference extravagantly,
to make the thing more ridiculous. Sir John
Denham is a well-known instance of this; but
another, which is not noticed by the editor of
Bohn's edition, nor any other that I have seen,
is his making out Col. John Russell, a younger
brother of the first Duke of Bedford, to have
been seventy years of age in 1664, although his
eldest brother was born in 1612, and the colonel
could have been little older than, if as old as, De
Grammont himself. J. S. Warden.

bohn's reprint of woodf all's "JUNIUS."

When a publisher issues a series of such works
as are comprised in Bohn's Standard Library, and
thereby brings expensive publications within the
reach of the multitude, he is entitled to the grati-
tude and the active support of the reading portion
of the public ; but, if he wish to be ranked amongst
the respectable booksellers, he ought to see to the
accuracy of his reprints. Bohn's edition of Wood-
fall's Junius, in two volumes, purports to contain
" the entire work, as originally published." This

it does not. Some of the notes are omitted ; and
the text is, in many instances, incorrect. I have
examined the first volume only ; and I shall state
some of the errors which I have found, on com-
paring it with Woodfall's edition, three volumes
8vo., 1814. The pages noted are those of Bohn's
first volume.

P. 87. In his Dedication, Junius says : " If an
honest, and, I may truly affirm, a laborious zeal."
Bohn turns it into nonsense, by printing it : " If
an honest man, and I may truly," &c.

P. 105. In Letter I., Junius speaks of "distri-
buting the offices of state, by rotation." Bohn ha3
it " officers."

P. 1 13. In Letter II., Sir W. Draper says that
" all Junius's assertions are false and scandalous."
Bohn prints it " exertions."

P. 206. In Letter XXII., Junius says, " it may
be advisable to gut the resolution." Bohn has it
" to put"

P. 240. In Letter XXX., Junius says : " And,
if possible, to perplex tis with the multitude of
their offences." Bohn omits the words " us with"

P. 319. In Letter XLII., Junius speaks of the
" future projects " of the ministry. Bohn prints it
" future prospects."

P. 322. In the same letter, Junius says : " How
far people may be animated to resistance, under
the present administration." Bohn omits " to re-
sistance."

P. 382. In Letter LIII, Home says : " And in
case of refusal, threaten to write them down."
Bohn omits "threaten."

P. 428. In Letter LXL, Philo-Junius says,
" his view is to change a court of common law into
a court of equity." Bohn omits the words " com-
mon law into a court of."

P. 437. In Letter LXIIL, Junius writes, "love
and kindness to Lord Chatham." Bohn omits
" and kindness."

P. 439. In Letter LXIV., Junius speaks of " a
multitude of prerogative writs." Bohn has it " a
multitude of prerogatives."

P. 446. In Letter LXVIII., Junius says to
Lord Mansfield : " If, on your part, you should
have no plain, substantial defence." Bohn sub-
stitutes " evidence " for " defence"

These are the most important errors, but not
all that I have found in the text. I now turn to
the reprint of Dr. Mason Good's Preliminary
Essay. The editor says: "The omission of a
quotation or two, of no present interest, and the
correction of a few inaccuracies of language, are
the only alterations that have been made in the
Preliminary Essay." We shall see how far this is
true. Such alterations as " arrogance" for " in-
solence," p. 2. ; "classic purity" for "classical
chastity," p. 3. ; " severe" for " atrocious," p. 15.,
I shall not particularise farther ; but merely ob-
serve that, so far from being merely " corrections

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

585

of inaccuracies of language," they ai'e frequently
changes of meaning.

At pp. 4. and 5., extracts from speeches by
Burke and North are introduced into the text.
In Woodfall, they are given in a note, so as not
to interrupt the writer's argument.

Occasionally, a sentence is partly rewritten. I
take one specimen. Dr. Good says that, "But
for the Letters of Junius, the Commons of Eng-
land might still .... have been exposed to the
absurd and obnoxious harassment of parliament-
ary arrests, upon a violation of privileges unde-
fined and incapable of being appealed against —
defrauded of their, estates upon an arbitrary and
interested claim of the crown." In Bohn, p. 5.,
the words are altered to " have been exposed to
arbitrary violations of individual liberty, under
undefined pretexts of parliamentary privileges,
against which there were (?) no appeal — defrauded
of their estates upon capricious and interested
claims of the crown."

Dr. Good, to show that Burke could not be
Junius, cites several passages from his works ; and
then proves, by quotations from Junius, that the
opinions of the one were opposed to those of the
other. In Bohn's edition all these quotations,
which occupy twelve octavo pages in Woodfall,
are omitted as unnecessary, although the writer's
argument is partly founded upon them ; and yet
the editor has retained (evidently through care-
lessness), at p. 66., Dr. Good's subsequent refer-
ence to these very quotations, where, being about
to give some extracts from General Lee's letters,
he says : " They may be compared with those of
Junius, that follow the preceding extracts from
Mr. Burke." This reference is retained, but the
extracts spoken of are omitted.

Some of Woodfall's notes are wholly left out ;
but I will not lengthen these remarks by specially
pointing them out. The new notes of Bohn's
editor offer much matter for animadversion, but I
confine myself to one point. In a note to Sir W.
Draper's first letter (p. 116.), we are told that
Sir William " married a Miss De Lancy, who died
in 1778, leaving him a daughter." In another
note relating to Sir William (p. 227.), it is stated
that " he married a daughter of the second son of
the Duke of St. Alban's. Her ladyship died in
1778, leaving him no issue." How are we to re-
concile these statements ? H. Martin.

Halifax.

[The work professes to be edited by Mr. Wade.
Mr. Wade therefore, and not Mr. Bohn, is responsible
for the errors pointed out by our correspondent. — Ed.]

Elinor #ata».

Mutilating Books — Swift, in a letter to Stella,
Jan. 16, 1711, says, "I went to Bateman's the

bookseller, and laid out eight-and-forty shillings
for books. I bought three little volumes of Lucian
in French, for our Stella." This Bateman would
never allow any one to look into a book in his
shop ; and when asked the reason, he would say,
" I suppose you may be a physician, or an author,
and want some recipe or quotation ; and if you
buy it I will engage it to be perfect before you
leave me, but not after ; as I have suffered by
leaves being torn out, and the books returned, to
my very great loss and prejudice." Abhba.

The Plymouth Calendar. — To your collection
of verses (Vol. vii. passim) illustrative of local
circumstances, incidents, &c, allow me to add the
following :

" The West wind always brings wet weather,
The East wind wet and cold together ;
The South wind surely brings us rain,
The North wind blows it back again.
If the Sun in red should set,
The next day surely will be wet ;
If the Sun should set in grey,
The next will be a rainy day."

Balliolensis.

Divinity Professorships. — In the last number
of The Journal of Sacred Literature (April, 1 854),
there is a well-deserved eulogium on the biblical
labours of Dr. Kitto ; who, though in the enjoy-
ment of the title of D.D. (conferred on him some
years ago by a Continental University), is never-
theless a layman, and not, as is very commonly
imagined, in orders. The article, however, to
which I refer, contains a curious mistake. Mi-
chaelis is cited (p. 122.) as an instance of a layman
being able, on the Continent, to hold a professor-
ship relating to theology and biblical science, in
contrast to what is assumed to be the invariable
sytem at the English Universities. It is true,
indeed, that for the most part such professorships
are here held by clergymen ; but from several of
them laymen are not excluded by any law. At
Cambridge, the Norrisian Professor of Divinity,
for example, may be a layman.

With respect to the degree of D.D., it is ob-
served by the writer of the article, p. 127. :

" In Germany this degree is given to laymen, but in
England it is exclusively appropriated to the clergy.
This led to the very general impression among
strangers, that Dr. Kitto is a clergyman."

Abhba.

[We have frequently seen the celebrated Nonjuror
Henry Dodwell noticed as in orders, perhaps from his
portrait exhibiting him in gown and bands as Camden
Professor of History at Oxford. Miss Strickland, too,
in her Lives of the Queens of England, vol. vii. p. 202.,
and vol. viii. p. 352., edit. 1853, speaks of that worthy
layman, Robert Nelson, both as a Doctor and a clergy-
man! — Ed.]

586

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.

(Concluded from p. 539.)

A divine, reasoning philosophically with a lady
on the possibility of the appearance of ghosts, was
much perplexed by her simple inquiry as to where
the clothes came from. If then the mediaeval
effigies are alive, how can the costume be recon-
ciled with their position ? Where do their clothes
come from ? The theory advanced in the two
preceding Numbers seems to offer a ready solu-
tion. Another corroborative fact remains to be
stated, that when a kneeling attitude superseded
the recumbent, the brasses were placed upon the
wall, testifying, in some degree at least, that the
horizontal figures were not traditionally re-
garded as living portraits. In anticipation of
objections, it can only be said that " they have no
speculation in their eyes;" that out of the thou-
sands in existence, a few exceptions will only
prove the rule ; and that their incongruities were
conventional.

It is now my purpose to offer a few more
reasons for releasing the sculptors of the present
day from a rigid adherence to the uplifted hands
and the straight head. That there is grace, dignity,
and pious serenity occasionally perceptible in these
interesting relics of bygone days, which so ap-
propriately furnish our magnificent cathedrals,
and embellish numbers of our parochial churches,
is freely admitted ; but that they are formal, con-
ventional, monotonous, and consequently unfitted
for modern imitation, cannot reasonably be denied
by a person with pretensions to taste. From the
study of anatomy, the improvement in painting,
the invention of engraving, our acquaintance with
the matchless works of Greece, and other causes,
this branch of art has made considerable advance.
Why, then, should a sculptor be now " cabin' d,
cribb'd, confined, bound in," by such inflexible
conditions ? If some variation is discoverable in
the ancient types, why should he not have the
advantage of selection, and avail himself of that
attitude best adapted to the situation of the tomb
and the character of the deceased ? Not to mul-
tiply examples of deviation — the Queen of Henry
IV., in Canterbury Cathedral, has one arm repos-
ing at her side, and the other upon her breast.
The arms of Edward III., in Westminster Abbey,
are both stretched at his side. An abbot of
Peterborough, in that cathedral, holds a book
and a pastoral staff. The hands of Richard Beau-
champ, Earl of Warwick, in his beautiful chapel,
are raised, but separate. Several have the arms
crossed, expressive of humility and resignation.
Others (lay as well as clerical) press a holy book
to their bosom ; and some place the right hand
upon the heart, denoting the warmth of their love

and faith. In his description of Italian monu-
ments, Mr. Ruskin remarks, that " though in
general, in tombs of this kind, the face of the
statue is slightly turned towards the spectator, in
one case it is turned away" (Stones of Venice,
vol. iii. p. 14.); and instances are not unfrequent
of similar inclinations of the head at home. Why
then should this poor choice be denied ? Why
should he be fettered by austere taskmasters to
this stereotyped treatment, to the proverbial stiff-
ness of "our grandsires cut in alabaster." In-
dignation has been excited in many quarters
against that retrograde movement termed "pre-
Raphaelism," yet what in fact is this severe,
angular, antiquated style, but identically the same
thing in stone ? What but pre- Angeloism ?
Upon the supposition that the effigies have de-
parted this life, or even that the spirit is only
about to take its flight, anatomical and physiolo-
gical difficulties present themselves, for strong
action would be required to hold the hands in
this attitude of prayer. The drapery, too, hang-
ing in straight folds, has been always apparently
designed from upright figures, circumstances
evincing how little the rules of propriety were
then regarded. Their profusion occasions a fami-
liarity which demands a change, for the range is
here as confined as that of the sign-painter, who
could only depict lions, and was therefore pre-
cluded from varying his signs, except by an altera-
tion in the colour. Such is the yearning of taste
for diversity, that in the equestrian procession on
the frieze of the Parthenon, out of about ninety
horses, not two are in the same attitude ; yet to
whatever extent our churches may be thronged
with these sepulchral tombs, all must be, as it
were, cast in the same mould, till by repetition
their beauty

" Fades in the eye and palls upon the sense."

It is evidently imitating the works of antiquity
under a disadvantage, inasmuch as modern cos-
tume is far inferior in picturesque effect to the
episcopal vestments, the romantic armour, and
numerous elegant habiliments of an earlier day.
Every lesser embellishment and minuteness of
detail are regarded by an artist who has more
enlarged views of his profession as foreign to the
main design ; yet the robes, millinery, jewellery,
and accoutrements usually held a place with the
carvers of that time of equal importance with
the face, and engaged as large a share of their
attention.

The comparative easiness of execution forms
another argument. Having received the simple
commission for a monument (specifications are
needless), the workmen (as may be imagined) fixes
the armour of the defunct knight upon his table,
places a mask moulded from nature on the helmet-
pillow, fits on a pair of hands with which, like an

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

587

assortment of gloves, his studio is provided, dili-
gently applies his compasses to insure exact
equality by means of a receipt, perchance imparts
some devotional expression, and the work is ready
to be transferred to stone.

Mr. Petit, in the preface (page x.) to his Archi-
tectural Studies, after due praise, asserts —

" That no sculptor anxious to advance his own re-
putation and art will ever set up a mediaeval statue as
his model. He may acknowledge its merits, and
learn much from a careful examination of it, hut still
he will not look up to its designer as his master and
guide."

Again, the efforts of genius are cramped by
such uncompromising terms. The feet must un-
avoidably be directed towards the east ; still,
whatever the situation of the tomb may chance to
be, from whatever point it may be viewed, or
whether the light may fall on this side or on that,
no way of escape is open, and no ingenuity can be
employed to grapple with the uncontrollable ob-
struction. Portrait painters can choose the posi-
tion most favourable to the features, but the mo-
numental sculptor of the nineteenth century may
only exhibit what is generally shunned, the direct
profile ; the contour of the face, and the wide
expanse of brow, which might probably give the
most lively indications of intellectual power, ami-
ability of disposition, and devout tranquillity of
soul, must be sacrificed to this unbending law
" which altereth not." Sculptors, we are told,
should overcome difficulties ; but here they are
required to " strive with impossibilities, yea, get
the better of them." Whether painted windows,
or some other ornament, or a tomb alone in har-
mony with the architecture (the form and features
of the individual being elsewhere preserved), may
constitute a more desirable memorial, is a separate
question, but as statues are only admissible in a
recumbent posture, some little latitude must be
allowed. Like our reformers in higher things, it
behoves us to discard what is objectionable in art,
while we cherish that which is to be admired.
Instead of treading in the footsteps of those lofty
spirits, we should endeavour to follow the same
road. Fully appreciating their excellences, let
us avoid the distorted drawing of their brilliant
glass, their irregularities in architectural design,
the irreverence of their carving, and the con-
ventionalism of their monumental sculpture.

C. T.

I agree with C. T. in thinking that the usual
recumbent figure on mediaeval tombs was intended
to represent a dead body, and more particularly
to represent the body as it had lain in state, or
had been borne to the grave ; and I will add one
or two additional reasons for this opinion. In
the description in Speed, of the intended monu-
ment of Henry VIII., taken from a MS. given

to Speed by that industrious herald master, Charles
Lancaster, the following direction occurs : —

" Item, upon the same basement shall he made two
tombes of blacke touch, that is to say, on either side
one, and upon the said tombes of blacke touch shall
be made the image of the King and Queen, on both
sides, not as death [dead], but as persons sleeping,
because to shewe that famous princes leaving behind
them great fame never doe die, and shall be in royall
apparels after the antique manner." — Speed's Hist, of
Great Brit., p. 1037. ed. 1632.

The distinction here taken between a dead and
a sleeping figure, and the reason assigned for the
latter, show, I think, that at that time a recum-
bent figure generally was supposed to represent
death. In a monument of Sir Roger Aston, at
Cranford, Middlesex, in Lysons' Environs of Lon-
don, the knight and his two wives are represented
praying, and by the side of the knight lies the
infant son who had died in his lifetime. In the
monument of Pope Innocent VIII. (Pistolesi, II
Vaticano, vol. i. plate 63.), the Pope is in one part
represented in a living action, and in another as
lying on his tomb, and from the contrast which
would thus be afforded between life and death,
the latter representation seems to indicate death.

The hands raised in prayer are accounted for
by C. T. Open eyes, I think, may be intended
to express, by their direction towards heaven, the
hope in which the deceased died. This is sug-
gested by the description of the funeral car of
Henry V.

" Preparations were made to convey the body of
Henry from Rouen to England. It was placed within
a car, on which reclined his figure made of boiled
leather, elegantly painted. A rich crown of gold was
on its head. The right hand held a sceptre, and the
left a golden ball. The face seemed to contemplate the
heavens." — -Turner's Hist, of Eng., vol. ii. p. 465.

I must, however, add that on referring to
Monstrelet, I doubt whether Turner does not go
too far in this last particular. Monstrelet merely
says, "le visage vers le ciel." (Monst. Chron.
vol. i. 325. ed. 1595.) Speed adds an additional
circumstance: "The body (of this figure) was
clothed with a "purple roabe furred with ermine."
From the mutilated state of the tomb it is impos-
sible to say how far the recumbent effigy resem-
bled this boiled figure, but it is evidently just
such a representation of the king as might have
been laid on his tomb, and so far it tends to sup-
port the opinion that the effigy on a tomb re-
presents the deceased as he had lain in state, or
was borne to and placed in his tomb, an opinion
fully borne out by the agreement which, in some
cases, has been found to exist between the effigy
on a tomb and the body discovered within it, or
between the effigy and the description of the body
as it had lain in state. See the tombs of King

588

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

John, Robert Lord Hungerford, and Henry II.,
in Stothard's Monumental Effigies of Great Bri-
tain, and the Introduction to that work.

I think it is not irrelevant to remark that at a
very early period a recumbent figure was some-
times placed on a tomb as in a state of death.
The recumbent Etruscan figures generally repre-
sent a state of repose or of sensual enjoyment ;
but there is one given by Micali (Monumenti
inediti a Illustrazione degli Antichi Popoli Italiani,
Tav. 48. p. 303.), which is, undoubtedly, that of
a dead person. In his description of it, Micali
says, " On the first view of it one would say it was
a sepulchral monument of the Middle Ages, so
greatly does it resemble one." Mrs. Gray, too
(Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria, p. 264.), men-
tions a sepulchral urn, " very large, with a woman
robed, and with a dog upon it, exactly like an
English monument of the Middle Ages" If it
were not for the dog, I should suppose this to be
the one given by Micali. Though it may be too
much to suppose that this form of representation
may have been not uncommon, and may have
passed into early Christian monuments, the in- i
stance in Micali at least shows that the idea of
representing a dead body on a tomb is a very
ancient one. It may be added, perhaps, that it is
an obvious one.

Though the reasons for thinking that the ordi-
nary mediseval figure represents death may not
be conclusive, still that opinion is, I think, en-
titled to be looked upon as the more probable
one, until some satisfactory reason is given why a
living person should be represented outstretched,
and lying on his back — a position, as it seems to
me, more inconsistent with life than the open eyes
and hands joined in prayer are with death. For
too much weight is not to be attached to slight
inconsistencies. These would probably be dis-
regarded for the sake of expressing some favourite
idea or sentiment. Thus, in the proposed monu-
ment of Henry VIII., though the king and queen
are directed to be represented as living, their
souls are to be represented in the hand of " the
Father."

In modern tombs the mediaeval idea has been
entirely departed from, and the recumbent posi-
tion sometimes expresses neither death, nor even
sleep, but simple repose, or contemplation, re-
signation, hope, &c. If it is proper or desirable
to express these or other sentiments in a recum-
bent figure, it seems unreasonable to exclude
them for the sake of a rigid adherence to a form,
of which the import is either obscure, or, if rightly
conjectured, has, by the change of customs, be-
come idle and unmeaning. F. S. B. E.

ROGER ASCHAM AND HIS LETTERS.

To the epistles of Roger Ascham, given in
Elstob's edition, have since been added several to
Raven and others*, two to Cecil f, and several to
Mrs. Astley, Bp. Gardiner, Sir Thos. Smith, Mr.
Callibut, Sir W. Pawlett, Queen Elizabeth, the
Earl of Leicester, and Mr. C. H. [owe] 4 Some
of your correspondents will, doubtless, be able
farther to enlarge this list of printed letters.

In a MS. volume, once belonging to Bp. Moore,,
now in the University Library, Cambridge, is a
volume of transcripts!, containing, amongst other
documents, letters from Ascham to Petre|| and to
Cecil ; one (p. 44.) " written by R. A., for a gent
to a gentlewoman, in waie of marriage," and one
to the B. of Winchester], which, though without
a signature, is certainly Ascham's. In another
MS. volume, in the same collection (Ee. v. 23.),
are copies of Ascham's letter to his wife on the
death of their child % and of a letter to Mr.
Richard Goodrich. Lastly, Ascham's College
(St. John's) possesses his original letter to Car-
dinal Pole, written on the fly-leaf of a copy of
Osorius De nolilitate civili**; and also the original
MS. of the translation of CEcumenius, accompanied
bv a Latin letter to Seton.ft

' These unpublished letters will shortly be printed
for the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. Early
information respecting any other MS. works of
Ascham, or collations of his published letters with
the originals, will be thankfully acknowledged.

° J. E. B. Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.
p. s.— I may add that we have at St. John's a

* In The English Works of Roger Ascham, London,
1815, 8vo. : this edition is reprinted from Bennet's,
with additions. Bennet took these letters from Baker's
extracts (in his MSS. xiii. 275—295., now in the
Harleian Collection), " from originals in Mr. Strype s
hands." One letter is more fully given by Mr. lytler,
England under Edward VI. and Mary, vol. n. p. 124

+ In Sir H. Ellis's Letters of Eminent Literary Men,
Camden Soc. Nos. 4 and 5. Correcter copies than
had before appeared from the Lansdowne Mbb.

I Most incorrectly printed in Whitaker s History of
Richmondshire, vol. i. p. 270. seq. The letters them-
selves are highly important and curious.

§ Dd. ix. 14. Some of the letters are transcribed by
Baker, MSS. xxxii. p. 520. seq. .

II This letter has many sentences in common with
that to Gardiner, of the date Jan. 18 [1554], printed
by Whitaker (p. 271. seq.)

^ Whitaker, who prints this (p. 289. seq.) says that it
had been printed before. Where ?

** This, I believe, unpublished letter is referred to
by Osorius, in a letter to Ascham (Aschami Epistola,
p. 397.: Oxon. 1703). ■

tt Both of these have been printed, the letter in
Aschami Epistolm, lib. i. ep. 4. p. 68. seq. Compare
on the commentary, ibid. pp. 70. and 209.

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

589

copy of Ascham's Letters (ed. Elstob), with many
dates and corrections in Baker's hand. There
may be something new in Kennett's biographical
notice of Ascham (Lansdowne MSS. 981. art. 41.)

fflinav eauemsf.

Symbolism in BaphaeFs Pictures. — In some of
the most beautiful pictures of " The Virgin and
Child" of Raphael, and other old masters, our
Lord is represented with His right foot placed
upon the right foot of the blessed Virgin. What
is the symbolism of this position ? In the Church
of Rome, the God-parent at Holy Confirmation is,
if I remember right, directed by a rubric to place
his or her right foot upon the right foot of the
person confirmed. Is this ceremony at all con-
nected with the symbolism I have noticed ?

Wm. Feasee, B.C.L.

" Obtains." — Every one must have observed
the frequent recurrence of this word, more espe-
cially those whose study is the law : " This prac-
tice on that principle obtains." How did the word
acquire the meaning given to it in such a sentence ?

Y. S. M.

Army Lists for Seventeenth and Eighteenth Cen-
turies.— Where are they to be found? Not at
the Horse Guards, as the records there go back
only to 1795. I want particulars of many officers
in both centuries; some of them who came to
Ireland temp. Charles I., and during Cromwell's
Protectorate, and others early in the last century.

Y. S. M.

Anonymous Poet. —

" It is not to the people of the west of Scotland that
the energetic reproach of the poet can apply. I allude
to the passage in which he speaks of —

' All Scotia's weary days of civil strife—
When the poor Whig was lavish of his life,
And bought, stern rushing upon Clavers' spears,
The freedom and the scorn of after years.' "
Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk, vol. iii. p. 263.
Edin. 1819.

Who is " the poet ? " Anon.

John Bale. — Strype, in his Life of Parker,
book iv. sec. 3. p. 539. edit. 1711, speaking of
Bale, says : " He set himself to search many libra-
ries in Oxford, Cambridge," &c.

Bale himself, in the list of his own writings,
enumerates " ex diversis bibliothecis."

Did this piece contain any account of his re-
searches in libraries alluded to ? If so, has it ever
been published ? Tanner makes no mention of it
in his Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica. H. F. S.

Cambridge.

A short Sermon. — In an essay on Benevolence,
by the Rev. David Simpson of Macclesfield, it is
reported of Dean Swift, that he once delivered in
his trite and laconic manner the following short
sermon, in advocating the cause of a charitable
institution, the text and discourse containing
thirty-four words only :

" He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the
Lord, and that which he hath given will He pay him
again. Now, my brethren, if you like the security,
down with your money."

When and where did this occur, and what was
the result ? Henet Edwabds.

Minav tiluttitsi foittfi 8nStoerrf.

Quakers' Calendar. — What month would the
Quakers mean by " 12th month," a century and
a half since ? , D.

[Before the statute 24 Geo. II., for altering the
Calendar in Great Britain, the Quakers began their
year on the 25th of March, which they called the first
month ; but at the yearly meeting for Sufferings in
London, Oct. 1751, a Committee was appointed to
consider what advice might be necessary to be given
to the Friends in relation to the statute in question.
The opinion of the Committee was, " That in all the
records and writings of Friends from and after the last
day of the month, called December, next, the com-
putation of time established by the said act should be
observed ; and that, accordingly, the first day of the
eleventh month, commonly called January, next, should
be reckoned and deemed by Friends the first day of
the first month of the year 1752." Consequently the
twelfth month, a century and a half since, would be
February. See Nicolas's Chronology, p. 169.]

" Bodondo, or the State Jugglers" — Who was
the author of this political squib, three cantos,
1763-70; reproduced in Buddimaris Collection,
Edinburgh, 1785 ? In my copy I have written
Hugh Dalrymple, but know not upon what au-
thority. It is noticed in the Scots Mag., vol. xxv.,
where it is ascribed to " a Caledonian, who has
laid about him so well as to vindicate his country
from the imputation of the North Briton, that
there is neither wit nor humour on the other side
the Tweed." J. O.

[A copy of this work in the British Museum con-
tains the following MS. entry : " The author of the
three Cantos of Rodondo was Hugh Dalrymple, Esq.
He also wrote Woodstock, an elegy reprinted in
Pearch's Collection of Poems. At the time of his death
he was Attorney- General for the Grenades, where he
died, March 9, 1774. His daughter married Dr.,
afterwards Sir John Elliott, from whom she was di-
vorced, and became a celebrated courtezan."]

Bathlin Island. — Has any detailed account of
this island, which is frequently called Rahery,

590

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

and is a few miles from the northern coast of Ire-
land, appeared in print? The locality is most
interesting in many particulars, historical and
geological, and might therefore be made the sub-
ject of an instructive paper. A brief account was
inserted, I think, a few years ago in an English
periodical. Abhba.

[An interesting and detailed account of this island,
which he calls Raghery, is given in Hamilton's Letters
concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim,
1790, 8vo., pp. 13 — 33. Consult also Lewis's Topo-
graphical History of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 501.]

Parochial Registers. — When and where were
parochial registers first established ? The earliest
extant at the present day ? Abhba.

[We fear our correspondent has not consulted that
useful and amusing work, Burn's History of Parish
Registers in England, also of the Registers of Scotland,
Ireland, the East and West Indies, the Fleet, King's
Bench, Mint, Chapel Royal, Sfc, 8vo. 1829, which con-
tains a curious collection of miscellaneous particulars
concerning them.]

" Trevelyan," Sfc. — Who was the author of two
novels, published about twenty years ago, called
A Marriage in High Life and Trevelyan : the
latter the later of the two ? Uneda.

Philadelphia.

[These works are by the Hon. Caroline Lucy Scott,
at present residing at Petersham, in Surrey.]

Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt, Glouces-
ter. — Can you give me the name of the master of
the Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt in
1728? Sigma (1).

[Daniel Bond, B. A., was elected master March 25,
1 724, and was also vicar of Leigh. He died in 1750.]

cranmer's martyrdom.
(Vol.ix., pp.392. 547.)

I thank G. W. R. for his courteous remarks on
my note on Cranmer. Perhaps I have overstated
the effect of pain on the nervous system ; certainly
I was wrong in making a wider assertion than
was required by my case, which is, that no man
could hold his hand over unconfined flame till it
was " entirely consumed" or " burnt to a coal."
"Bruslee a feu de souphre" does not go so far as
that, nor is it said at what time of the burning
Ravaillac raised his head to look at his hand.

J. H. has mistaken my intention. I have always
carefully avoided everything which tended to
religious or moral controversy in "N. & Q." I
treated Cranmer's case on physiological grounds
only. I did not look for " cotemporaneous evi-

dence against that usually received," any more
than I should for such evidence that St. Denis
did not walk from Paris to Montmartre with his
head in his hand. If either case is called a mira-
cle, I have nothing to say upon it here ; and for
the same reason that I avoid such discussion, I
add, that in not noticing J. H.'s opinions on
Cranmer, I must not be understood as assenting
to or differing from them. J. H. says :

" It would surely be easy to produce facts of almost
every week from the evidence given in coroners' in-
quests, in which persons have had their limbs burnt
off — to say nothing of farther injury — without the
shock producing death."

If favoured with one such fact, I will do my best
to inquire into it. None such has fallen within
my observation or reading.

The heart remaining " entire and unconsumed
among the ashes," is a minor point. It does not
seem impossible to J. H., " in its plain and ob-
vious meaning." Do the words admit two mean-
ings ? Burnet says :

" But it was no small matter of astonishment to find
his heart entire, and not consumed among the ashes;
which, though the reformed would not carry so far as
to make a miracle of it, and a clear proof that his heart
had continued true, though his hand had erred ; yet
they objected it to the Papists, that it was certainly
such a thing, that if it had fallen out in any of their
church, they had made it a miracle." — Vol. ii. p. 429.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

Permit me to offer to H. B. C.'s consideration
the case of Mutius Scsevola, who, failing in his
attempt to kill Porsenna in his own camp, and
being taken before the king, thrust his right hand
into the fire, and held it there until burnt ; at the
same time declaring that he knew three hundred
men who would not flinch from doing the same
thing. To a certain extent, I am inclined to think
with Alfred Gattt (Vol. ix., p. 246.), " that an
exalted state of feeling may be attained;" which,
though it will not render the religious or political
martyr insensible to pain, it will yet nerve him to
go through his martyrdom without demonstration
of extreme suffering.

This ability to endure pain may be accounted
for in either of the following ways :

1. An exalted state of feeling ; instance Joan of
Arc.

2. Fortitude ; instance Mutius Scsevola.

3. Nervous insensibility ; which carries the
vanquished American Indian through the most
exquisite tortures, and enables him to fall asleep
on the least respite of his agony.

Should these three be united in one individual,
it is needless to say that he could undergo any
bodily pain without a murmur.

John P. Stilwell.

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

591

COLERIDGE 8 UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS.

(Vol. ix., pp. 496. 543.)

Every admirer of Coleridge's writings must feel,
as I do, grateful to Mr. Green for the detailed
account he has rendered of the manuscripts com-
mitted to his care. A few points, however, in his
reply call for a rejoinder on my part. I will be as
brief as possible.

I never doubted for an instant that, had I
"sought a private explanation of the matters"
comprised in my Note, Mr. Green would have
courteously responded to the application. This
is just what I did not want: a public explanation
was what I desired. " N. & Q." (Vol. iv., p. 41 1 . ;
Vol. vi., p. 533. ; Vol. viii., p. 43.) will bear wit-
ness to the fact that the public required to know
the reason why works of Coleridge, presumed to
exist in manuscript, were still withheld from pub-
lication : and I utterly deny the justice of Mr.
Green's allegation, that because I have explicitly
stated the charge implied by Mr. Alsop (the editor
of Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of Cole-
ridge) in his strictures, I have made an incon-
siderate, not to say a coarse, attack upon him
(Mr. Green). When a long series of appeals to
the fortunate possessor of the Coleridge manu-
scripts (whoever he might turn out to be) had
been met with silent indifference, I felt that the
time was come to address an appeal personally
to Mr. Green himself. That he has acted with
the approbation of Coleridge's family, nobody can
doubt ; for the public (thanks to Mr. Alsop) know
too well how little the greatest of modern philo-
sophers was indebted to that family in his lifetime,
to attach much importance to their approbation or
disapprobation.

No believer in the philosophy of Coleridge can
look with greater anxiety than I do for the forth-
coming work of Mr. Green. That the pupH of
Coleridge, and the author of Vital Dynamics, will
worthily acquit himself in this great field, who can
question ? But I, for one, must enter my protest
against the publication of Mr. Green's book being
made the pretext of depriving the public of their
right (may I say ?) to the perusal of such works
as do exist in manuscript, finished or unfinished.
Again I beg most respectfully to urge on Mr.
Green the expediency, not to say paramount
duty, of his 'giving to the world intact the Logic
(consisting of the Canon and other parts), the
Cosmogony, and, as far as possible, the History of
Philosophy. If his plea, that these works are not
in a finished state, had been heretofore held good
in bar of publication, we should probably have
lost the inestimable privilege of reading and pos-
sessing those fragmentary works of the great phi-
losopher which have already been made public.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

(Vol.vii., pp. 429. 560. 608.; Vol. viii., pp. 43.550.)

Your correspondent H. C. K. (Vol. vii., p. 560.)
quotes a passage from Sir Thomas Browne's Reli-
gio Medici, sect. xlii. The following passage from
the same writer's Christian Morals is much more
to the point :

■ When the Stoic said (' Vitam nemo acciperet, si dare-
tur scientibus' — Seneca) that life would not be accepted
if it were offered unto such as knew it, he spoke too
meanly of that state of being which placeth us in the
form of men. It more depreciates the value of this
life, that men would not live it over again ; for although
they would still live on, yet few or none can endure to
think of being twice the same men upon earth, and some
had rather never have lived than to tread over their days
once more. Cicero, in a prosperous state, had not the
patience to think of beginning in a cradle again. (' Si
quis Deus mihi largiatur, ut repuerascam et in cunis
vagiam, valde recusem.1 — JDe Senectute.) Job would
not only curse the day of his nativity, but also of his
renascency, if he were to act over his disasters and the
miseries of the dunghill. But the greatest under-
weening of this life is to undervalue that unto which
this is but exordial, or a passage leading unto it. The
great advantage of this mean life is thereby to stand in
a capacity of a better ; for the colonies of heaven must
be drawn from earth, and the sons of the first Adam
are only heirs unto the second. Thus Adam came into
this world with the power also of another ; not only to
replenish the earth, but the everlasting mansions of
heaven." — Part in. sect. xxv.

" Looking back we see the dreadful train
Of woes anew, which, were we to sustain,
We should refuse to tread the path again."

Prior's Solomon, b. iii.

The crown is won by the cross, the victor's
wreath in the battle of life :

" This is the condition of the battle* which man that
is born upon the earth shall fight. That if he be over-
come he shall suffer as thou hast said, but if he get
the victory, he shall receive the thing that I say." —
2 Esdr. vii. 57.

Our grade in the other world is determined by
our probation here. To use a simile of Asgill's,
this life of time is a university in which we take
our degree for eternity. Heaven is a pyramid, or
ever-ascending scale ; the world of evil is an in-
verted pyramid, or ever-descending scale. Life is
motion. There is no such thing as stagnation :
everything is either advancing or retrograding.
Corruption itself is an activity, and evil is ever
growing. According to the habits formed within
us, we are ascending or descending ; we cannot
stand still.

A man, then, in whom the higher life predo-
minates, were he to live life over again, would

A field of battle is this mortal life !"

Young, N. viii.

592

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

grow from grace to grace, and his status in the
spirit world would be higher than in the first life,
and vice versa ; an evil man* would be more com-
pletely evil, and would rank in a darker and more
bestial form. They who hear not the good tidings
will not be persuaded though one rose from the
dead; and those with whom the experience of
one life failed would not repent in the second.

The testimony of the Shunamite's son, Lazarus,
and of those who rose from the dead at the cruci-
fixion, is not recorded ; but they who have escaped
from the jaws of death, by recovery from sickness
or preservation from danger, may in a certain
sense be said to live life over again. After the
fright is over the warning in most cases loses its
influence, and we have a verification of the two
proverbs, " Out of sight out of mind," and —
" The devil was sick, the devil a monk would be ;
The devil was well, the devil a monk would he."

In a word, this experiment of a second life would
best succeed with him whose habits are formed for
good, and whose life is already overshadowed by
the divine life. Even of such an one it might be
said, " Man is frail, the battle is sore, and the flesh
is weak ; even a good man may fall and become a
castaway." The most unceasing circumspection is
ever requisite. The most polished steel rusts in
this corrosive atmosphere, and purest metals get
discoloured.

Finally, it is very probable that God gives
every man a complete probation ; that is to say,
He cuts not man's thread of life till he be at the
same side of the line he should be were he to live
myriads of years. Every man is made up of a
mixture of good and evil : these two principles
never become soluble together, but ever tend
each to eliminate the other. They hurry on in
circles, alternately intersecting and gaining the
ascendancy, till one is at last precipitated to the
bottom, and pure good or evil remains. In the
nature of things there are critical moments and
tides of circumstances which become ^turning-
points when time merges into eternity and muta-
bility into permanence : and such a crisis may
occur in the course of a short life as well as in
many lives lived over again. Eirionnach.

Life and Death (Vol. ix., p. 481.). — The follow-
ing is on a monument at Lowestoft, co. Suffolk, to
the memory of John, son of John and Anne Wilde,
who died February 9, 1714, aged five years and
six months :

" Quem Dii amant moritur Juvenis."

Sigma.

The following may be added to the parallel pas-
sages collected by Eirionnach. Chateaubriand

* See a recent novel by Frederick Souillet, entitled
Si Jeuiiesse savait, Si Vieillesse pouvait.

says, in his Memoirs, that the greatest misfortune
which can happen to a man is to be born, and the
next greatest is to have a child. As Chateaubriand
had no children, the most natural comment on the
last branch of his remark is " sour grapes."

Uneda.
Philadelphia.

INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.

(Vol. ix., p. 109.)

St. Nicholas Church, Sidmouth. — Having, on
October 21, 1850, taken intaglios in pressing-wax
of the inscription forwarded by Mr. Gordon, from
which plaster casts were made, the writer is able
to speak of it with some degree of confidence.
The inscription, however, is not peculiar to Sid-
mouth : it is found at other places in the county
of Devon, and perhaps elsewhere. In Harvey's
Sidmouth Directory for March, 1851, there is an
article descriptive of all the six bells at this place,
in which there is a fac-simile, engraved on wood, of
the inscription in question. The words run all
round the bell ; and each word is placed on a car-
touche. The Rev. Dr. Oliver of Exeter, in his
communication to the writer on this subject, calls
the bell the "Jesus Bell." The Directory ob-
serves :

" It was formerly the practice to christen bells with
ceremonies similar to, but even more solemn than,
those attending the naming of children ; and they were
frequently dedicated to Christ (as this is), to the Virgin,
or some saint."

Dr. Oliver to the writer says :

" I have met with it at Whitstone, near this city
[Exeter], at East Teignmouth, &c. ; michi for mihi ;
the, the abbreviation for Jesus. Very often the word
veneratum occurs instead of amatum, and illud instead
of istud."

The the stands thus : ihc. The Directory, on this
abbreviated word, remarks, —

" The ihs, as an abbreviation for Jesus, is a blunder.
Casley, in his Catalogue of the King's MSS., observes,
p. 23., that ' in Latin MSS. the Greek letters of the
word Christus, as also Jesus, are always retained,
except that the terminations are changed according to
the Latin language. Jesus is written ihs, or in small
characters ihs, which is the Greek ihs or irjs, an abbre-
viation for irjo-ous. However, the scribes knew nothing
of this for a thousand years before the invention of
printing, for if they had they would not have written
ihs for it](Tovs ; but they ignorantly copied after one
another such letters as they found put for these words.
Nay, at length they pretended to find Jesus Hominum
Salvator comprehended in the word ihs, which is an-
other proof that they took the middle letter for h, not
7], The dash also over the word, which is a sign of
abbreviation, some have changed to the sign of the
cross ' [Hone's Mysteries, p. 282.]. The old way of

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

593

spelling Jhesus with an h may perhaps be referred to
the same mistake. The inscription, then, runs thus :

(&$t nufci collatum $t$wi ttftuo* namen amatum,

which may be rendered, Jesus, that beloved name, is
given to me. The bell bears no date, but is of course
older than the period of the Reformation. But it re-
mains to be observed that the last letter of the three is
not an s but a c. It seems that in the old Greek in-
scriptions the substitution of the c for the s was com-
mon. Several examples are given in Home's Intro-
duction, vol. ii. pt. i. ch. iii. sect. 2., but we have not
room to quote them. Suffice it to say that at p. 100.,
in speaking of the MSS. of the Codex Vaticanus, he
says, ' The abbreviations are few, being confined chiefly
to those words which are in general abbreviated, such
as ec, kc, ic, xc, for Qeos, Kvpios, lr\crovs, Xpttrros, God,
Lord, Jesus, Christ.' At the end of these words, in
the abbreviations, the c is used for the s. — Peter."

This fourth bell is the oldest in the tower. The
third, dated 1667, has quite a modern appearance
as compared with it. The second, fifth, and sixth
are all dated 1708, and the first, or smallest, was
added in 1824. Peter Oelando Hutchinson.

Sidmouth.

An appropriate inscription is to be found on the
bell of St. John's Cathedral in this colony, date
London, 1845. It is in the words of St. Paul's
mission, Acts xxii. 21.: "I will send thee far
hence unto the Gentiles." W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

Here is a modern achievement in this kind of
literature. It exists on one of the eight bells be-
longing to the church tower of Pilton, Devon :

" Recast by John Taylor and Son,
Who the best prize for church bells won
At the Great Ex-hi-bi-ti-on
In London, 1 — 8 — 5 and 1."

K. W. C.

I continue (from Vol. viii., p. 248.) my Notes
of inscriptions on bells.

Mathon, Worcestershire. A peal of six bells :

1 . " Peace and good neighbourhood."

2. " Glory to God."

3. " Fear God and honour the King."

4. " God preserve our Church and State."

5. " Prosperity to the town."

6. " The living to the church I call,

And to the grave do summon all."

Bromsgrove, Worcestershire. Ten bells ; the
inscriptions on two are as follows, the rest merely
bearing the names of churchwardens, &c. :
5. " God prosper the parish. A. R. 1701."
10. " I to the church the living call,

And to the grave do summon all. 1 773."

The latter seems to be a favourite inscription.
The Rev. W. S. Simpson mentions it (Vol. viii.,

p. 448.) on a bell in one of the Oxfordshire
churches.
Fotheringay, Northamptonshire. Four bells :

1. " Thomas Norris made me. 1634."

2. "Domini laudem, 1614, non verbo sed voce reso-

nabo."

The two others respectively bear the dates 1609,
1595, with the initials of the rector and church-
warden, and (on the fourth bell) the words
" Praise God." On a recent visit to this church
I copied the following inscription from a bell,
which, being cracked, is no longer used, and is
now placed within the nave of the church. This
bell is not mentioned by Archdeacon Bonney in
his Historic Notices of Fotheringay, though he
gives the inscriptions on the four others.

" Non clamor sed amor cantat in aure Dei. A. M. R.
R. W. W. I. L. 1602."

The inscription is in Lombardic characters. Me.
Simpson notes the same at Girton, Cambridge-
shire (Vol. viii., p. 108.).

Godmanchester, Hunts. Eight bells :

1. " Thomas Osborn, Downham, fecit, 1794.
Intactum sillo. Percute dulce cano."

("Our voices shall with joy-"|
4. " T. Osborn I ful sound

fecit.

Make hills and valleys echo
round.

■1794."

8. " Rev. Castel Sherard, rector ; Jno. Martin, Robert
Waller, bailiffs; John Scott, Richard Mills,
churchwardens ; T. Osborn fecit. 1794."

Morborne, Hunts. Two bells :

1. " Cum voco ad ecclesiam, venite."

2. "Henry Penn fusore. 1712."

Stilton, Hunts. Two bells :

1. " Thomas Norris made me. 1639."

Cuthbeet Bede, B.A.

At Bedale, in Yorkshire, is a bell weighing by
estimation twenty-six hundredweight, which is
probably of the same date, or nearly so, as the
Dyrham bell. It measures four feet two inches
and a half across the lip, and has the following
inscription round the crown :

* >&> iou : eco : com : fiam : cruce : custos : laudo :

MARIAM : DIGNA : DEI : LAUDE : MATER : DIGNIS-
SIMA : GAUDE ;"

the commencement of which I do not understand.
There are five smaller bells belonging to the peal
at Bedale, and a prayer bell. They bear inscrip-
tions in the following order :
The prayer bell :

"Voco . Veni . Precare . 1713."

s.s.

594

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[No. 243.

The first, or lightest of the peal :

" Gloria in excelsis Deo. 1755. Edwd Place, rector;

Seller,

Ebor. . .

Jn° Pullein, churchwarden."
The second :

« Iesus be ovr speed. P. S., T. W., H. S., I.W., M.W.
1664."

The third :

" Deo Gloria pxa Hominibus. 1627."

The fourth :

" Jesus be our speed. 1 625."
The fifth :
" Soli Deo Gloria Pax Hominibus. 1631."

The letters P. S., on the second bell, are the
initials of Dr. Peter Samwaies, who died April 5,
1693, having been thirty-one years rector of Be-
dale.

On the fly-leaf of one of the later registers at
Hornby, near Bedale, is written the following
memorandum :

" Inscription on the third bell at Hornby :

• When I do ring,
God's praises sing ;
When I do toll,
Pray heart and soul.'

This bell was given to the parish church of Hornby by
the Lord Conyers in the reign of Henry VII., but,
being broken, was recast by William Lord D'Arcy and
Conyers, the second of the name, 1656."

Patonce.

Charwelton Church, Northants :

1. Broken to pieces : some fragments in the vestry.
On one piece, " Ave Maria."

2. " Jesus Nazarenus rex Judeorum fili Dei miserere

mei. 1630."

3. appears a collection of Saxon letters put to-

gether without connexion.

4. " Nunquam ad preces cupies ire,

Cum sono si nonvis venire. 1630."

Heyford Church, Northants :

1. " God saue the King. 1638."

2. " Cum cum Praie. 1601."

3. " Henry Penn made me. 1704.

John Paine, Thmoas [sic"] Middleton, church-
wardens."

4. " Thomas Morgan, Esquier, gave me

To the Church of Heford, frank and free. 1601."

With coat of arms of the Morgans on the side.
Floore Church, Northants :

1 . " Russell of Wooton, near Bedford, made me. 1 743.
James Phillips, Thomas Clark, churchwardens."

2. " Cantate Domino cantum novum. 1679."

3. " Henry Bagley made mee. 1 679."

4. " Matthew Bagley made mee. 1679."

5. "John Phillips and Robert Bullocke, churchwar-

dens. 1 679."

6. " To the church the living call,

And to the grave do summonds [sic] all.

Russell of Wooton made me,

In seventeen hundred and forty-three."

Three coins inserted round the top.

Slapton Church, Northants :

1. [The Sancte bell] " Richard de Wambis me

fesit " [sic].

2. " Xpe audi nos."

3. " Ultima sum trina campana vocor Katerina."
All in Saxon letters. No dates.

Inscription cut on the frame of Slapton bells :
"be . it . KNO

WEN . UN
TO . ALL . TH
AT . SEE . TH
IS . SAME . TH
AT . THOMAS
COWPER . OF
WOODEND .

MADE . THIS . FRAME.
1634."

Hellidon Church, Northants :

1. ■ God save the King. 1635."

2. " Ihs Nazarenus rex Judaeorum fili Dei miserere

mei. 1 635."

3. " Celorum Christe platiat [sic] tibi rex sonus iste.

1615."

4. Same as 2.

Dodford Church, Northants :

1. " Matthew Bagley made me. 1679."

2. " Campana gravida peperit Alias. 1674."

3. "Ihs Nazarenus [&c, as before]. 1632."

4. "Ex Dono Johannis Wyrley Armiger. 1614."
And five coins round the lip.

5. Inscription same as 3. Date 1626.

6. Ditto ditto Date 1624.

Wappenham Church, Northants :

1. " Henry Bagley made me. 1664."

2. "R. T. 1518. *"

3. " Praise the Lord. 1599."

4. "god SAVE KING JAMES. R. A. 1610."

Three coins on lip and bell-founder's arms.

The Sancte bell was recast in 1842, and hangs
now in the north window of belfry.

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

595

Brackley, St. Peter's Church, Northants :

1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c, as before]. 1628."

2. « God save the King. 1628."

3. Same as 1.

4. " Celorum Christe platiat [«"c] tibi rex sonus iste.

1628."

lire, "1
)ies ire J

1628."

5. " Cum sono si non vis veni
Nunquam ad preces cupies

Dunton Church, Leicestershire :

1. "Ihs Nazarenus [&c, as before]. 1619."

2. " Be it knone to all that doth me see,

That Clay of Leicester made me.

Nick. Harald and John More, churchwardens. 1711."

3. Same as 1. Date 1621.
Leire Church, Leicestershire :

1. " Jesus be oure good speed. 1654."

2. "Henricus Bagley/eciY. 1675."

8. " Recast a.d. 1755, John Sleath, C.W.;
Tho' Eyre de Kettering fecit."

Frolesworth Church, Leicestershire :

1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c, as before]. 1635."

2. In Old English characters (no date) :

" Dum Rosa precata mundi Maria vocata."

3. Same as 1.

J. E. M., M.A.

The legend noted from a bell at Sidmouth
(Vol. ix., p. 109.), namely, —

" Est michi collatum
Ihc istud nomen amatum,"

is not an unusual inscription on mediseval black-
letter bells, if I may use the expression. The
characters are small. It is on two bells at Teign-
mouth, and is on one of the bells in this tower :

1. " >3t Voce mea vica depello cuncta nociva."

2. " >Jf Est michi collatum Ihc istud nomen amatum."

3. " Embrace trew museck."

A correspondent, Mb. W. S.Simpson (Vol.viii.,
p. 448.), asks the date of the earliest known ex-
amples of bells.

Dates on mediaeval bells are, I believe, very
rare in England. I have but few notes of any.
My impression is that such bells are as old as the
towers which contain them, judging from the cha-
racter of the letter, the wear and tear of the iron
work, aye, of the bell itself. Many old bells have
been recast, and on such there is often a record of
the date of its prototype. For instance, at St.
Peter's, Exeter :

" Es dono Petri Courtenay," &c, " 1484;" "renovat,"
&c, "1676."

At Chester-le- Street :

" Thomas Langley dedit," &c, " 1409 ;" "refounded,"
&c, "1665."

I will add two or three with dates.
Bruton, Somerset :

" Est Stephanus primus lapidatus gracia plenus. 1528."
At St. Alkmond's, Derby :

" Ut tuba sic resono, ad templa venite pii. 1586."
At Lympey Stoke, Somerset :

« W. P., I. A. F. 1596."
Hexham. Old bells taken down 1742 :

1. ■ Ad primos cantus pulsat nos Rex gloriosus."

2. " Et cantare .... faciet nos vox Nicholai."

3. " Est nobis digna Katerine vox benigna."

4. " Qmnibus in Annis est vox Deo grata Johannis.

A.D. MCCCCIIII."

5. " Andrea mi care Johanne consociare.

A.D. MCCCCIIII."

6. " Est mea vox orata dum sim Maria vocata.

A.D. MCCCCIIII."

Any earlier dates would be acceptable.

On the Continent bells are usually dated. I
will extract, from Roccha De Campanis, those at
St. Peter's at Rome.

The great bell :

" In nomine Domini, Matris, Petriq., Pauliq.

Accipe devotum, parvum licet, accipe munus,

Quod tibi Christe datii Petri, Pauliq. triuphum,

Explicat, et nostram petit, populiq. salutem

Ipsorum pietate dari, meritisq. refundi

Et verbum caro factum est.

Anno milleno trecento cum quinquageno

Additis et tribus Septembris mense colatur ;

Ponderat et millia decies septiesq. librarum."

2. "In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. Ame.

Ad honorem Dei, et Beatee Marias Virginis,

Et Beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli,

Verbum Caro factum est,

Solve jubente Deo terraru Petre cathenas, qui facis,

Ut pateant coelestia Regna beatis,

M

Hasc campana cum alia majore ponderante Xvi.

Post consumptionem ignito fulgure, anno precedente

imminente, fusa est, anno Domini mcccliii.

Mense Junii, et ponderat haec mx et centena librarum.

Amen."

3. " Nomine Dominico Patris, prolisq. spirati
Ordine tertiam Petri prima? succedere noscant.
Per dies paucos quotquot sub nomine dicto
Sanctam Ecclesiam colunt in agmine trino. Amen."

4. " Anno Domini mcclxxxviiii. ad honorem Dei, et
Beatas Marias Virginis, et Sancti Thomse Apostoli
Tempore Fratris Joannis de Leodio Ministri, fac-
tum fuit hoc opus de legato quondam Domini Ri-

596

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

kardi Domini Papae Notarii. Guidottus Pisanus
me fecit."

On a small bell :

" Mentem Sanctam Spontaneam, honorem Deo,

Et Patris liberationem.

Ave Maria gratia plena Dominus tecum ;

Benedicta tu in mulieribus

Et benedictus fructus ventris tui."

In the Church of St. John Lateran was a bell
with a mutilated inscription ; but the date is plain,
1389. The name of Boniface IX. is on it, who
was Sum. Pont, in that year.

In the Church of St. Maria? Majoris were two
bells dated anno Dom. 1285 ; and another 1291.

In the Church of the Jesuits was a bell with
this inscription, brought from England :

" Facta fuit A. Dom. 1400, Die vi Mesis Septebris.
Sancta Barbara, ora pro nobis."

Roccha, who published his Commentary 1612,

says:

" In multis Campanis jfa mentio de Anno, in quo facta
est Campana, necnon de ipsius Ecclesia? Rectore, vel
optime merito, et Campanae artifice, ut ego ipse vidi
Rgiucb, ubi prascipuarum Ecclesiarum, et Basilicarum
inscriptiones Campanis incisas perlegi." — P. 55.

So that it would appear that the practice of in-
scribing dates on bells was usual on the Continent,
though for some reason or other it did not gene-
rally obtain in England till after the Reformation.
I have a Note of another foreign bell or two with
an early date.

At Strasburg :

" di O Rex gloriae Christe, veni cum pace ! mccclxxv.
tertio Nonas Augusti."

On another :

" Vox ego sum vita;, voco vos, orate, venite. 1461."

On a bell called St. D'Esprit :

" Anno Dom. mccccxxvii mense Julio fusa sum, per

Magistrum Joannem Gremp de Argentina.

Nuncio testa, metum, nova quaedam flebile lethum."

A bell called the Magistrates :

" Als man zahlt 1475 Jahr
/War Kaiser Friedrick hier offenbar :
Da hat mich Meister Thomas Jost gegossen
Dem Rath zu laiiten ohnverdrossen."

On another :

" Nomen Domini sit benedictum. 1806."

I would beg to add a Note of one more early
and interesting bell which was at Upsala :

* * Anno . Domini . mdxiiii . fusa . est . ista . Cam-
pana . in . honorem . Sancti . Erici . Regis . et .
Martiris . Rex . erat . Ericus . humilis . devotus .
honestus . prudens . V."

What V. means is rather a puzzle.

I fear I have already extended this reply to a
length beyond all fair limit. I may at some future
time (if desirable) send you a long roll of legends
on mediaeval bells without dates, and others of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, some of a
devotional character, and others of the style of
unseemly and godless epitaphs. But it is to be
hoped) that in these, as in other like matters, a
better taste is beginning to predominate ; and it
must be a subject of congratulation that

"Jam nova progenies ccelo demittitur alto."

H. T. Ellacombe.
Rectory, Clyst St. George.

In the steeple of Foulden Church, South Green-
hoe Hd., Norfolk, are six bells with inscriptions
as under :

1. "Thos. Osborn /e«7. 1802.

Peace and good neighbourhood."

2. " The laws to praise, my voice I raise."

3. " Thos. Osborn fecit, Downham, Norfolk."

4. " Our voices shall with joyful sound

Make hill and valley echo round."

5. " I to the church the living call,

And to the grave I summon all."

6. " Long live King George the Third.

Thomas Osborn fecit, 1802."

Goddard Johnson.

DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.

(Vol. ix., p. 349.)

Your correspondent Mr. Thomas Russell
Potter inquires whether any descendants of the
De Beauvoirs of Guernsey are still existing. The
family was, at one time, so numerous in that
island that there are few of the gentry who cannot
claim a De Beauvoir among their ancestors ; but
the name itself became extinct there by the death
of Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq., in 1810. Some
few years later, the last of a branch of the family
settled in England died, leaving a very large
property, which was inherited by a Mr. Benyon,
who assumed the name of De Beauvoir.

The name is also to be found in the Irish baro-
netcy ; a baronet of the name of Brown having
married the daughter and heiress of the Rev.
Peter de Beauvoir, the widow I believe of an
Admiral M'Dougal, and thereupon taking up his
wife's maiden name.

With respect to the pedigree which Mr. Potter
quotes, and of which many copies exist in this
island, it is without doubt one of the most impu-
dent forgeries in that way ever perpetrated. From
internal evidence, it was drawn up at the latter
end of the reign of Elizabeth, or at the beginning

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

597

of the reign of James I., as the compiler speaks of
Roger, Earl of Rutland, as being living. This
nobleman succeeded to the title in 1588, and died
in 1612. The pedigree ends in the Guernsey line
with Henry de Beauvoir ; whom we may there-
fore presume to have been still alive, or but re-
cently deceased; and whose great-grandfather,
according to the pedigree, was the first of the
name in the island. Allowing three generations
to a century, this would throw back the arrival of
the first of the De Beauvoirs to some part of the
sixteenth century ; but we have proof that they
were settled here long before that time. In an
authentic document, preserved among the records
of the island, the extent of the crown revenues
drawn up by order of Edward III. in 1331, the
names of Pierre and Guillaume de Beauvoir are
found. Another Pierre de Beauvoir, apparently
the great-grandson of the above-mentioned Pierre,
was Bailiff of Guernsey from 1470 to 1480. As
for the family of Harryes, no such I believe ever
existed in Guernsey ; but a gentleman of the
name of Peter Henry, belonging to a family of
very ancient standing in the island, bought pro-
perty in Salisbury in the year 1551, where the
name seems to have been Anglicised to Harrys or
Harris ; as the name of his son Andrew, who was
a jurat of the Royal Court of Guernsey, appears
as often on the records of the island in the one
form as in the other. One of Peter Henry's or
Harris's daughters was married at Salisbury to a
Henry de Beauvoir ; and I have no doubt this is
the marriage with which the pedigree ends. If I
am right, the Harryes' pedigree has no more claim
to authenticity than the De Beauvoir. If Mr.
Potter wishes for farther information, and will
communicate with me, I shall be happy to answer
his inquiries as far as I am able.

The pedigree itself, however, suggests two or
three Queries which I should like to see an-
swered.

The heading' is signed Hamlet Sankye or
Saukye. Is anything known of such a person ?

The pedigree speaks of Sir Robert de Beauveir
of Tarwell, Knt., now living. Was there ever a
family of the name of De Beauveir, De Beauvoir,
or Beaver, of Tarwell, in Nottinghamshire ? And
if there was, what arms did they bear ?

If there was such a family, was it in any way
connected with any of the early proprietors of
Belvoir Castle ?

Is anything known of a family of the name of
Harryes or Harris of Orton, and what were their
arms ? Edgar MacCueloch.

Guernsey.

RIGHT OF REFUGE IN THE CHURCH PORCH.

(Vol. ix., p. 325.)

The following entry appears in a Corporation
Book of this city, under the year 1662 :

M Thomas Corbold, who hath a loathesome disease,
have, with his wife and two children, layne in the Porch
of St. Peters per Mountegate above one year ; it is now
ordered by the Court that he be put into some place in
the Pest-houses during the pleasure of the Court, untill
the Lazar-houses be repaired."

How they were supported during the year does
not appear, or if he belonged to the parish; nor is
it said that it was considered he gained settlement
on the parish by continuing in the porch one year.

I have heard of similar instances under an idea
that any person may lodge in a church porch, and
are not removable ; but 1 believe it is an erroneous
idea. Goddard Johnson.

In proof of the idea being current among the
lower orders, that the church porch is a place of
refuge for any houseless parishioners, I beg to
state that a poor woman of the adjoining parish of
Langford, came the other day to ask whether I, as
a magistrate, could render her any assistance, as,
in consequence of her husband's father and mother
having gone to America, she and her family had
become houseless, and were obliged to take up their
abode in the church porch. A. S.

West Tofts Rectory, Brandon, Norfolk.

I know an instance where a person found a tem-
porary, but at the same time an involuntary, home
in a church porch. There was a dispute between
the parishes of Frodingham and Broughton, co.
Lincoln, some twelve months ago, as to the settle-
ment of an old woman. She had been living for
some time in, and had become chargeable to the
latter parish, but was said to belong to the former.
By some means or other the woman's son was in-
duced to convey his mother to the parish of Froding-
ham, which he did ; and as he knew quite well that
the overseer of the parish would not receive her at
his hands, he adopted the somewhat strange course
of leaving her in the church porch, where she re-
mained until evening, when the overseer of Fro-
dingham took her away, fearing that her life might
be in danger from exposure to the cold, she being
far advanced in years. Until I saw Chevereles'
Query, I thought the depository of the old woman
in the church porch was, so far as the place of de-
posit was concerned, more accidental than designed;
but after all it may be the remnant of some such
custom as that of which he speaks, and I, for one,
should be glad to see farther inquiry made into it.
To which of J. H. Parker's Parochial Tales does
Chevereles allude ? W. E. Howlett.

Kirton-in-Lindsey.

598

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

FERDINAND CHARLES III., DUKE OF PARMA.

(Vol. ix., p. 417.)

The late Duke of Parma was not the first lineal
representative of the Stuarts, as stated by E. S. S. W.
Victor Emanuel, King of Sardinia, who succeeded
in 1802, left by his wife Maria Theresa of Austria
four daughters. The eldest of these four, Beatrix,
born in 1792, married, in 1812, Francis IV., Duke
of Modena, and by him (who died on the 21st of
January, 1846) had issue two sons and two
daughters. The eldest of these sons, Francis V.,
the present reigning Duke of Modena, is there-
fore the person who would be now sitting on the
English throne had the Stuarts kept the succes-
sion. He has no children, I believe, by his wife
Adelgonda of Bavaria ; and the next person in suc-
cession would therefore be Dorothea, the infant
daughter of his deceased brother Victor.

Victor Emanuel's second daughter was Maria
Theresa, who married Charles Duke of Parma, as
stated by E. S. S. W.

The present Countess of Chambord is Maria
Theresa Beatrice-Gaetana, the eldest of the two
sisters of Francis V., Duke of Modena. She is
therefore wife of the representative of the House
of Bourbon, and sister to the representative of the
House of Stuart. S. L. P.

Oxford and Cambridge Club.

Allow me to correct the statement made by your
correspondent, that the Duke of Parma represented
the Royal House of Stuart. The mother of the
late Duke of Parma had an elder sister, Maria
Beatrice, who married Francis IV., late Duke of
Modena, and upon her death, in 1840, the repre-
sentation devolved upon her son, Francis V., the
present Duke of Modena, who was born in 1819.

P. V.

Allow me to remark on the article of E. S. S. W.
(Vol. ix., p. 417.) respecting the House of Stuart,
that he is in error in assigning that honour to the
late Duke of Parma, and, as a consequence, to his in-
fant son and successor, Robert, now Duke of Parma.
The late Duke was undoubtedly a descendant of
Charles I. through his mother; but his mother
had an elder sister, Beatrice, late Duchess of Mo-
dena, whose son, Francis V., now Duke of Modena,
born 1st June, 1819, is the unquestionable heir to
the House of Stuart, and, as a Jacobite would say,
if any such curiosity there be in existence, legiti-
mate King of Great Britain and Ireland.

J. Reynell Wheford.

Bristol.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Mr. TownsencTs Wax-paper Process. — At the last
meeting of the Photographic Society a paper was read
by Mr. Townsend, giving the results of a series of

experiments instituted by him in reference to the wax-
paper process. One of the great objections hitherto
made to this process has been its slowness, as compared
with the original calotype process, and its various
modifications ; and another, that its preparation in-
volved some complexity of manipulation. Mr. Town-
send has simplified the process materially, having found
that the use of the fluoride and cyanide of potassium,
as directed by Le Gray, in no way adds to the effici-
ency of the process, either in accelerating or otherwise.
The iodide and bromide of potassium with free iodine
give a paper which produces rapid, sure, and clean
results. He discards whey, sugar of milk, grape
sugar, &c, hitherto deemed essential, but which his
experience shows to be unnecessary. He exhibited
three negatives of the same view taken consecutively
at eight o'clock in the morning, with the respective
exposures of thirty seconds, two and a half minutes,
and ten minutes, each of which was good and perfect.
The formula he adopts is :

Iodide of potassium - 600 grs.

Bromide of potassium, from 1 50 to 250 „
Re-sublimed iodine - - - 6 „

Distilled water - - - - 40 oz.
The waxed papers are wholly immersed in this solu-
tion, and left to soak at least two hours, and are then
hung to dry in the usual way. The papers are made
sensitive by wholly immersing them in aceto-nitrate of
silver of the following proportions :

Nitrate of silver - - - - 30 grs.

Acetic acid 30 minims.

Distilled water - - - - 1 oz.
The papers remaining in this solution not less than
eight minutes. They are washed in two waters for
eight minutes each, and then blotted off in the ordi-
nary manner. Mr. Townsend states that there is no
need to fear leaving the paper in the sensitive bath too
long. He has left it in the bath fourteen hours without
any injury. The paper thus prepared will keep ten
or twelve days ; it may be longer, but his experience
does not extend beyond that time. With paper thus
prepared a portrait was exhibited, taken in fifty-five
seconds, in a room with a side light ; but it must be
added, that in this instance the paper was not washed,
but was blotted off immediately on its leaving the sen-
sitive bath, though not used until two hours had
elapsed. Mr. Townsend uses for developing a satu-
rated solution of gallic acid with a drachm of aceto-
nitrate to every four ounces of it, but he considers that
this proportion of aceto-nitrate may be beneficially
lessened. He finds that by this process he is certain
of success, and is never troubled with that browning
over of the paper which so often attends the use of the
other methods of preparation. Besides the rapidity of
action which he states, there is the farther advantage
that a lengthened exposure is not injurious. The pro-
portion of bromide may vary from 150 grs. to 250 grs. ;
less than 150 is not sufficient to produce a maximum
of rapidity, whilst more than 250 adds nothing to the
effect.

Photographic Litigation.— Will you allow me, through
the medium of " N. & Q.," to suggest to those who

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

599

take an interest in the collodion process, the desirable-
ness of making a subscription to aid Mr. Henderson
in his defence against the proceedings commenced by
Mr. Talbot, to restrain him (and through him, no
doubt, all others) from taking collodion portraits.*

It does not appear just that one person should bear
the whole expense of a defence in which so many are
interested ; and I have no doubt that if a subscription
be set on foot, many photographers will willingly con-
tribute. A subscription, besides its material aid to
Mr. Henderson, would also serve to show that public
opinion is opposed to such absurd and unjust attempts
at monopoly.

It is difficult to imagine how a claim can be es-
tablished to a right in an invention made many years
subsequent to the date of the patent under which the
claim is made — not only made by another person, but
differing so widely in principle from the patent pro-
cess. The advertisement in the Athenceum of Saturday
last (June 10) shows plainly that it is intended, if
possible, to prevent the production of portraits on col-
lodion by any person not licensed by Mr. Talbot ; and
the harshness of this proceeding, after the process has
been in public use for several years, needs no com-
ment. H. C. Sands.

SO. Spring Gardens, Bradford.

[We insert this communication, because we believe
it gives expression to a sentiment shared by many. Sub-
scriptions in favour of M. La Roche, whose case stands
first for trial, are received by Messrs. Home and Thorn-
thwaite. Our correspondent does not, however, ac-
curately represent the caution issued by Mr. F. Talbot's
solicitors, which is against "making and selling" pho-
tographic portraits by the collodion process. When
giving up his patent to the public, Mr. Fox Talbot re-
served " in the hands of his own licensees the appli-
cation of the invention to the taking photographic
portraits for sale," and we have always regretted that
Mr. F. Talbot should have made such reservation,
founded, as it is, upon a very questionable right. — Ed.
" N. & Q."]

3foj>It«? to fflinav e&uerta*.

Vandyking (Vol. ix., p. 452.). — Your cor-
respondent P. C. S. S. asks the meaning of the
term Vandyking, in the following passage of a
letter from Secretary Windebanke to the Lord
Deputy Wentworth, dated Westminster, Nov. 20,
1633, the Lord Deputy being then in Ireland : —

" Now, my Lord, for my own observations of your
carriage since you had the conduct of affairs there [in
Ireland], because you press me so earnestly, I shall
take the boldness to deliver myself as freely.

" First, though while we had the happiness and
honour to have your assistance here at the Council
Board, you made many ill faces with your pen (par-
don, I beseech your Lordship, the over free censure of
your Vandyking), and worse, oftentimes, with your
speeches, especially in the business of the Lord Fal-

* The words of the advertisement are " making a?id
selling. "

conberg, Sir Thomas Gore, Vermuyden, and others ;
yet I understand you make worse there in Ireland, and
there never appeared a worse face under a cork upon
a bottle, than your Lordship hath caused some to make
in disgorging such church livings as their zeal had
eaten up." — Strafford's Letters, vol. i. p. 161.

This passage, as well as what follows, is written
in a strain of banter, and is intended to compliment
the great Lord Deputy under the pretence of a
free censure of his conduct. The first part of
the second paragraph evidently alludes to Went-
worth's habit of drawing faces upon paper when
he was sitting at the Council Table, and the word
Vandyking is used in the sense of portrait- painting.
Vandyck was born in 1599 ; he visited England
for a short time in 1620, and in 1632 he came to
England permanently, was lodged by the king,
and knighted ; in the following year he received a
pension of 2001. for life, and the title of painter to
his Majesty. It was therefore quite natural that
Windebanke should, in November, 1633, use the
term Vandyking as equivalent to portrait-painting.

In the latter part of the same paragraph, the
allusion is to the wry faces, which the speeches
of this imperious member of council sometimes
caused. Can any of your correspondents explain
the expression, " a worse face under a cork upon
a bottle ? " L.

Monteith (Vol. ix., p. 452.). — The Monteith
was a kind of punch- bowl (sometimes of delf
ware) with scallops or indentations in the brim,
the object of which was to convert it into a con-
venient tray for bringing in the glasses. These
were of wine-glass shape, and being placed with
the brims downwards, and radiating from the
centre, and with the handles protruding through
the indentations in the bowl, were easily carried,
without much jingling or risk of breakage. Of
course the bowl was empty of liquor at the time.

A. M. and M. A. (Vol. ix., p. 475.). — Juveena,
M. A., is certainly wrong in stating that " Masters
of Arts of Oxford are styled ' M. A.,' in contra-
distinction to the Masters of Arts in everv other
university." A. B., A. M., are the proper initials
for Baccalaureus and Magister Artium, and should
therefore only be used when the name is in Latin.
B.A. and M.A. are those for Bachelor and Master
of Arts, and are the only ones to be used where
the name is expressed in English. Thus John
Smith, had he taken his first degree in Arts at
any university, might indicate the fact by signing
John Smith, B.A., or Johannes S., A.B. If he
put John Smith, A.B., a doubt might exist
whether he were not an able-bodied seaman, for
that is implied by A.B. attached to an English
name. The editor of Farindon's Sei-mons, who is,
I believe, a Dissenter, styles himself the Reverend
T. Jackson, S.T.P., i.e. Sacrosanctae Theologian

600

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

Professor. He might as well have part of his
title in Sanscrit, as part in English and part in
Latin.

I believe this mistake is made more frequently
by graduates of Cambridge than by those of
Oxford. Indeed, they have now created a new
degree, Master of Laws, with the initials LL.M.
(Legum Magister). But they are usually infe-
licitous in their nomenclature, as witness their
voluntary theological examination, now made com-
pulsory by all the bishops. E. G. R., M.A.

Cambridge.

Greek denounced by the Monks (Vol. ix., p. 467.).
— In his History of the Reformation (b. i. ch. iii.),
D'Aubigne says, —

" The monks asserted that all heresies arose from
those two languages [Greek and Hebrew], and parti-
cularly from the Greek. • The New Testament,' said
one of them, ' is a book full of serpents and thorns.
Greek,' continued he, ' is a new and recently-invented
language, and we must be upon our guard against it.
As for Hebrew, my dear brethren, it is certain that all
who learn it immediately become Jews.' Heresbach,
a friend of Erasmus and a respectable author, reports
these expressions."

Had there been more authority, probably D'Au-
bigne would have quoted it. B. H. C.

In Lewis's History of the English Translation
of the Bible, edit. London, 1818, pp. 54, 55., the
following passage occurs :

" These proceedings for the advancement of learning
and knowledge, especially in divine matters, alarmed
the ignorant and illiterate monks, insomuch that they
declaimed from the pulpits, that * there was now a
new language discovered called Greek, of which people
should beware, since it was that which produced all
the heresies ; that in this language was come forth a
book called the New Testament, which was now in
everybody's hands, and was full of thorns and briers :
that there was also another language now started up
which they called Hebrew, and that they who learnt it
were termed Hebrews.'"

The authority quoted for this statement is Hody,
De Bibliorum Textibus, p. 465.

See also the rebuke administered by Henry VIII.
to a preacher who had " launched forth against
Greek and its new interpreters," in Erasmus,
Epp., p. 347., quoted in D'Aubigne' s Reformation,
book xviii. 1. C. W. Bingham.

Caldecotfs Translation of the New Testament
(Vol.viii., p. 410.). — J. M. Caldecott, the trans-
lator of the New Testament, referred to by your

correspondent S. A. S., is the son of the late

Caldecott, Esq., of Rugby Lodge, and was edu-
cated at Rugby School, where I believe he ob-
tained one or more prizes as a first-class Greek
and Hebrew scholar. After completing his studies
at this school, his father purchased for him a com-

mission in the East India Company's service ; but
soon after his arrival in India, conceiving a dislike
to the army, he sold his commission and returned
to England. Being somewhat singular in his
notions, and altogether eccentric both in manner
and appearance, he estranged himself from his
family and friends, and, as I have been informed,
took up his temporary abode in this city about the
year 1828. Although his income was at that time
little short of 3001. per annum, he had neither
house nor servant of his own ; but boarded in the
house of a respectable tradesman, living on the
plainest fare (so as he was wont to say), to enable
him to give the more to feed the hungry and
clothe the naked. In this way, and by being fre-
quently imposed upon by worthless characters, he
gave away, in a few years, nearly all his property,
leaving himself almost destitute : and, indeed,
would have been entirely so, but for a weekly
allowance made to him by his mother (sometime
since deceased), on which he is at the present time
living in great obscurity in one of our large sea-
port towns ; but may be occasionally seen in the
streets with a long beard, and a broad-brimmed
hat, addressing a group of idlers and half-naked
children. I could furnish your correspondent
S. A. S. with more information if needful. T. J.
Chester.

Blue Bells of Scotland (Vol. viii., p. 388.
Vol. ix., p. 209.). — Surely 8& of Philadelphia is
right in supposing that the Blue Bell of Scotland,
in the ballad which goes by that name, is a bell
painted blue, and used as the sign of an inn, and
not the flower so called, as asserted by Henry
Stephens, unless indeed there be an older ballad
than the one commonly sung, which, as_ many of
your readers must be aware, contains this line, —
" He dwells in merry Scotland,
At the sign of the Blue Bell."
I 'remember to have heard that the popularity of
this song dates from the time when it was sung on
the stage by Mrs. Jordan.

Can any one inform me whether the air is an-
cient or modern ? Honore he Mareville.

Guernsey.

" De male quasitis gaudet non tertius hares "
(Vol.ii., p. 167.). —The quotation here wanted
has hitherto been neglected. The words may be
found, with a slight variation, in Bellochii Praxis
Moralis Theologian, de casibus reservatis, &fc, Ve-
netiis, 1627, 4to. As the work is not common,!
send the passage for insertion, which I know will
be acceptable to other correspondents as well as
to the querist :

" Divino judicio permittitur ut tales surreptores
rerum sacrarum diu ipsis rebus furtivis non laetentur,
sed imo ab aliis nequioribus furihus prsfatae res ilhs

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

601

abripiantur, ut de se ipso fassus est ille, qui in suis
a»dibus hoc distichon inscripsit, ut refert Jo. Bonif.,
lib. de furt., § contrectatio, num. 134. in fin. :

' Congeries lapidum variis constructa rapinis,
Aut uret, aut ruet, aut raptor alter habebit.'

Et juxta illud :

' De rebus male acquisitis, non gaudebit tertius hares.'

Lazar (de monitorio), sect. 4. 9. 4., num. 16., imo
nee secundus, ut ingenue et perbelle fatetur in suo
poemate, nostro idiomate Jerusalem celeste acquistata,
cant. x. num. 88. Pater Frater Augustinus Gallu-
tius de Mandulcho, ita canendo :

' D'un' acquisto sacrilego e immondo,
Gode di rado il successor secondo,
Pero che il primo e mal' accorto herede
Senza discretion li da di piedi.' "

BlBLIOTHECAE. ChETHAM.

Mawkin (Vol. ix., pp. 303. 385.). — Is not maw-
kin merely a corruption for mannikin ? I strongly
suspect it to be so, though Forby, in his Vocabulary
of East Anglia, gives the word maukin as if
peculiar to Norfolk and Suffolk, and derives it,
like L., from Mal, for Moll or Mary. F. C. H.

This word, in the Scottish dialect spelt maukin,
means a hare. It occurs in the following verse of
Burns in Tarn Samson's Elegy :

" Rejoice, ye birring paitricks a' ;
Ye cootie moorcocks, crousely craw ;
Ye maukins, cock your fud fu' braw,

Withouten dread ;
Your mortal fae is now awa',

Tam Samson's dead ! "

Kennedy M'Nab.

" Putting a spoke in his wheel " (Vol. viii.,
pp. 269. 351. 576.). — There is no doubt that
" putting a spoke in his wheel " is " offering an
obstruction." But I have always understood the
" spoke " to be, not a radius of the wheel, but a
bar put between the spokes at right angles, so as
to prevent the turning of the wheel ; a rude mode
of " locking," which I have often seen practised.
The correctness of the metaphor is thus evident.

Wm. Hazel.

Dog Latin (Vol. viii., p. 523.). — The return of
a sheriff to a writ which he had not been able to
serve, owing to the defendant's secreting himself
in a swamp, will be new to English readers. It
was " Non come-at-ibus in swampo."

Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution,
the motto of the United States has been " E plu-
ribus unum." A country sign-painter in Bucks
county, Pennsylvania, painted " E pluribur uni-
bus," instead of it on a sign. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Swedish Words current in England (Vol. vii.,
pp. 231.366.) — Very many Swedish words are

current in the north of England, e. gr. barn or
beam (Scottice lairn), Sw. barn; bleit or Mate,
bashful, Sw. Hod ; to cleam, to fasten, to spread
thickly over, Sw. klemma ; cod, pillow, Sw. kudde ;
to gly, to squint, Sw. glo ; to lope, to leap, Sw.
I'dpa; to late (Cumberland), to seek, Sw. leta;
sackless, without crime, Sw. sakl'ds ; sark, shirt,
Sw. sark ; to thole (Derbyshire), to endure, Sw.
tola ; to wait, to totter, to overthrow, Sw. walta ;
to warp, to lay eggs, Sw. warpa ; wogh (Lanca-
shire), wall, Sw. wagg, &c. It is a fact very little
known, that the Swedish language bears the closest
resemblance of all modern languages to the En-
glish as regards grammatical structure, not even
the Danish excepted. Suecas.

Mob (Vol. viii., p. 524.). — I have always un-
derstood that this word was derived from the
Latin expression mobile vulgus, which is, I believe,
in Virgil. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

" Days of my Youth " (Vol. viii., p. 467.). — In
answer to the inquiry made a few months since,
whether Judge St. George Tucker, of Virginia,
was the author of the lines beginning —
" Days of my youth."

the undersigned states that he was a friend and
relative of Judge Tucker, and knows him to have
been the author. They had a great run at the
time, and found their way not only into the news-
papers, but even into the almanacs of the day.

G.T.

Philadelphia.

Encore (Vol. viii., pp. 387. 524.). — A writer in
an English magazine, a few years ago, proposed
that the Latin word repetitus should be used in-
stead of encore. Among other advantages he sug-
gested that the people in the gallery of a theatre
would pronounce it repeat-it-us, and thus make
English of it. Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge (Vol. ix.,
p. 493.). — Your correspondent will find his ques-
tion answered by referring to the History of the
Royal Family, 8vo., Lond., 1741, pp. 119. 156.
For an account of this book, which is founded
upon the well-known Sandford's Genealogical His-
tory, see Clarke's Bibliotheca Legum, edit. 1819,
p. 174. T. E. T.

Islington.

Right of redeeming Property (Vol. viii., p. 516.).
— This right formerly existed in Normandy, and,
I believe, in other parts of France. In the baili-
wick of Guernsey, the laws of which are based on
the ancient custom of Normandy, the right is still
exercised, although it has been abolished for some
years in the neighbouring island of Jersey.

602

NOTES AND QUEBIES.

[No. 243.

The law only applies to real property, which,
by the Norman custom, was divided in certain
proportions among all the children ; and this right
of " retrait," as it is technically termed, was doubt-
less intended to counteract in some measure the
too minute division of land, and to preserve in-
heritances in families. It must be exercised within
a year of the purchase. For farther information
on the subject, Berry's History of Guernsey,
p. 176., may be consulted.

HoNOBE DE MaBEVILLE.

Guernsey.

Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house (Vol. ix.,
pp. 492. 552.). — I cannot but express my sur-
prise at the learned (?) trifling of some of your
correspondents on the inscription upon Lindsey
Court-house. Try it thus :

" Fiat Justitia,

1619,

Hebc domus

Odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,

iVequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."

which will make two lines, an hexameter and a
pentameter, the first letters, O and N, having
perhaps been effaced by time or accident.

Neglecttjs.

[That this emendation is the right one is clear from
the communication of another correspondent, B. R.
A. Y., who makes the same, and adds in confirmation,
" The following lines existed formerly (and do, perhaps,
now) on the Market-house at Much Wenlock, Shrop-
shire, which will explain their meaning:

• Hie locus
Odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
iVequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.'

The O and N, being at the beginning of the lines as
given by your correspondent, were doubtless obliterated
by age."]

The restoration of this inscription proposed by
me is erroneous, and must be corrected from the
perfect inscription as preserved at Pistoia and
Much Wenlock, cited by another correspondent
in p. 552. The three inscriptions are slightly
varied. Perhaps " amat pacem " is better than
" amat leges," on account of the tautology with
" conservat jura." L.

Myrtle Bee (Vol. ix., p. 205. &c). — I have
carefully read and reread the articles on the
myrtle bee, and I can come to no other conclu-
sion than that it is not a bird at all, but an insect,
one of the hawkmoths, and probably the hum-
ming-bird hawkmoth. We have so many inde-
fatigable genuine field naturalists, picking up every
straggler which is blown to our coasts, that I can-
not think it possible there is a bird at all common
to any district of England, and yet totally un-
known to science. Now, insects are often ex-

ceedingly abundant in particular localities, yet
scarcely known beyond them. The size C. Beown
describes as certainly not larger than half that of
the common wren. The humming-bird {H. M.)
is scarcely so large as this, but its vibratory motion
would make it look somewhat larger than it really
it. Its breadth, from tip to tip of the wings, is
twenty to twenty- four lines. The myrtle bee's
" short flight is rapid, steady, and direct," exactly
that of the hawkmoth. The tongue of the myrtle
bee is " round, sharp, and pointed at the end, ap-
pearing capable of penetration," not a bad popular
description of the suctorial trunk of the hawk-
moth, from which it gains its generic name, Ma-
croglossa. Its second pair of wings are of a rusty
yellow colour, which, when closed, would give it
the appearance of being "tinged with yellow about
the vent." It has also a tuft of scaly hairs at the
extremity of the abdomen, which would suggest
the idea of a tail. In fact, on the wing, it appears
very like a little bird, as attested by its common
name. In habit it generally retires from the mid-
day sun, which would account for its being " put
up " by the dogs. The furze-chat, mentioned by
C. Beown, is the Saxicola rubetra, commonly also
called the whinchat. Wm. Hazel.

Mousehunt (Vol. ix., p. 65. &c). — G. Tenny-
son identifies the mousehunt with the beech-
martin, the very largest of our Mustelidce, on the
authority of Henley " the dramatic commentator."
Was he a naturalist too ? I never heard of him as
such.

Now, Mb. W. B. D. Salmon, who first asked
the question, speaks of it as less than the common
weasel, and quotes Mr. Colquhoun's opinion, that
it is only " the young of the year." I have no
doubt at all that this is correct. The young of all
the Mustelida hunt, and to a casual observer exhi-
bit all the actions of full-grown animals, when not
more than half the size of their parents. There
seems no reason to suppose that there are more
than four species known in England, the weasel,
the stoat or ermine, the polecat, and the martin.
The full-grown female of the weasel is much
smaller than the male. Go to any zealous game-
keeper's exhibition, and you will see them of many
gradations in size. Wm. Hazel.

Longfellmu1 s " Hyperion'''' (Vol. ix., p. 495.). —
I would offer the following rather as a suggestion
than as an answer to Moedan Gillott. But it
has always appeared to me that Longfellow has
himself explained, by a simple allusion in the
work, the reason which dictated the name of his
Hyperion. As the ancients fabled Hyperion to be
the offspring of the heavens and the earth ; so, in his
aspirations, and his weakness and sorrows, Flem-
ming (the hero of the work) personifies, as it were,
the mingling of heaven and earth in the heart and

June 24. 1854.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

603

mind of a man of true nobility. The passage to
which I allude is the following :

" Noble examples of a high purpose, and a fixed
will ! Do they not move, Hyperion-like, on high ?
Were they not likewise sons of heaven and earth?" —
Book iv. ch. 1.

Seletjctjs.

Benjamin Rush (Vol. ix., p. 451.). — Inquirer
asks " Why the freedom of Edinburgh was con-
ferred upon him ? " I have looked into the
Records of the Town Council, and found the fol-
lowing entry :

" 4th March, 1767. The Council admit and receive
Richard Stocktoun, Esquire, of New Jersey, Council-
lour at Law, and Benjamin Rush, Esquire, of Phila-
delphia, to be burgesses and gild brethren of this city,
in the most ample form."

But there is no reason assigned.

James Laurie, Conjoint Town Clerk.

Quakers executed in North America (Vol. ix.,
p. 305.). — A fuller account of these nefarious
proceedings is detailed in an abstract of the suf-

ferings of the people called Quakers, in 2 vols.,
1733; vol. i. (Appendix) pp.491 — 514., and in
vol. iii. pp. 195—232. E. D.

fiotkti to C0rrej*p0ntoit«.

For the purpose of inserting as many Replies as possible in
this, the closing Number of our Ninth Volume, we have this
week omitted our usual Notes on Books and Lists op Books

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

W. W. (Malta). Received with many thanks.

R. H. (Oxford). For Kentish Men and Men of Kent, see
" N. & Q.," Vol. v., pp. 321. 615.

Mr. Long's easy Calotype Process reached us loo late for in-
sertion this week. It shall appear in our next.

" Notes and Queries " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels,
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

" Notes and Queries " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the
convenience of those who map either have a difficult!/ in procuring
the unstamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly.
While parties resident in the country or abroad, who may be
desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, may have stamped
copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription for
the stamped edition of'1 Notes and Queries " (including a very
copious Index) is eleven shillings and fourpence for six months,
which may be paid by Post. Office Order, drawn in favour of the
Publisher, Mr. George Bell, No. 186. Fleet Street.

D

R. DE JONGH'S LIGHT

BROWN COD MVER OIL. Prepared
for medicinal use in the Loffoden Isles, Nor-
way, and put to the test of chemical analysis.
The most effectual remedy for Consumption,
Bronchitis, Asthma, Gout, Chronic Rheuma-
tism, and all Scrofulous Diseases.
Approved of and recommended by Berzei-.ius,

LlEBTG, WoEHXER, JONATHAN PeREIRA, PoO-

qcier, and numerous other eminent medical
men and scientific chemists in Europe.

Specially rewarded with medals by the Go-
vernments of Belgium and the Netherlands.

Has almost entirely superseded all other
kinds on the Continent, in consequence of its
proved superior power and efficacy — effecting a
cure much more rapidly.

Contains iodine, phosphate of chalk, volatile
acid, and the elements of the bile — in short,

all its most active and essential principles

in larger quantities than the pale oils made in
England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly
of these by their mode of preparation.

Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, la-
belled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp and Signa-
ture, by

ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand,
Sole Consignees and Agents for the United
Kingdom and British Possessions ; and by all
respectable Chemists and Vendors of Medi-
cine in Town and Country, at the following
prices : _

Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d. ; Pints,
4s. 9<Z.

BENNETT'S MODEL
WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX-
HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and
Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANU-
FACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19
guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold ,
50euineas ; Silver. 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance
guaranteed. Barometers, U.,3l., and U. Ther-
mometers from Is. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of
Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.

Patronised by the Royal
Family,

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS
for any person producing Articles supe-
rior to the following :

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREY-
NESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is

acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strength-
ening when weak and fine, effectually pre-
venting falling or turning grey, and for re-
storing its natural colour without the use of
dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is
the admiration of every person. Thousands
have experienced its astonishing efficacy.
BottleB, 2s. 6d. ; double size, 4s. 6(7. ; 7s. 6rf.
equal to 4 small ; 1 Is. to 6 small : 21s. to
13 small. The most perfect beautiiier ever
invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT
does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by
royalty and hundreds of the first families.
Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effec-
tual remover of Corns find Bunions. It also
reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an asto-
nishing manner. If space allowed, the testi-
mony of upwards of twelve thousand indivi-
duals, during the last five years, might be
inserted. Pnckets, Is. j Boxes, 2s. 6(7. Sent
Free by BEETIIAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRTNG, 30. Westmorland Street ;
JACKSON. 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
& EVANS, Dublin ; GOULDING, 108.
Patrick Street, Cork : BARRY, 9. Main
Strret. Kinsale : GRATTAN, Belfast :
MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow : DUN-
CAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SAN-
GER, 150. Oxford Street ; PROCTT, 229.
Strand : KEATIN'G, St. Paul's Churchyard :
SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street ; HAN-
NAY, 63. Oxford Street; London. All
Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

ROSS & SONS' INSTANTA-
NEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell,
the best and cheapest extant. — ROSS & SONS
have several private apartments devoted en-
tirely to Dyeing the Hair, and particularly re-
quest a visit, especially from the incredulous,
as they will undertake to dye a portion of their
hair, without charging, of any colour required,
from the lightest brown to the darkest black,
to convince them of its effect.

Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6rf„ 10s., 15s., and
20s. each case. Likewise wholesale to the
Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.

Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bi-
shopsgate Street, Six Doors from Cornhill,
London.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price,
and Description of upwards of 100 articles,
consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS,

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, "WRITING-DESKS,
DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re-
quisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by
Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-
box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag
with the opening as large as the bag, and the
new Portmanteau containing four compart-
ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the
kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

ONE THOUSAND BED-
STEADS TO CHOOSE FROM. —
HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises handsomely
Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads,
Children's Cribs and Cots of new and elegant
designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufac-
ture, many of them fitted with Furnitures,
complete. A large Assortment of Servants
and Portable Bedsteads. They have also every
variety of Furniture for the complete furnish-
ing of a Bed Room.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND
PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS
AND BEDDING, sent Free by Post.

HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.

604

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[No. 243.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
TUS. MATERIALS, and PURE CHE-
MICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.
GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

THE EXHIBITION OF PHO-
TOGRAPHS, by the most eminent En-
glish and Continental Artists, is OPEN
DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.

£ s. d.
A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent

Process - - - - -110

Additional Copies (each) - - 0 5 0

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(small size) - - - . . - • 3 "

A Coloured Portrait, highly finished

(larger size) - - - - 5 ~ 8 0

Miniatures. Oil Paintings, 'Water-Colour and
Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured
in imitation of the Originals. Views of Coun-
try Mansions, Churches, &c, taMn at a short
notice.

Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Pho-
tographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are sup-
plied, tested, and guaranteed.

Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers
of Sets of Apparatus.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF
PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.
_At this Institution, Ladies and Gentlemen
may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and
Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Ap-
paratus for Five Pounds. No charge is made
for the Instruction.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLO-

L DION— J. B.HOCKIN& CO., Chemists,

289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of
Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion
equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness
and density of Negative, to any other hitherto
published ; without diminishing the keeping
properties and appreciation of half-tint for
which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the re-
quirements for the practice of Photography.
Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND Po-
sitive PAPER PROCESS. By J. B.
HOCKIN. Price Is., per Post, Is. 2d.

WHOLESALE PHOTOGRA-
PHIC DEPOT : DANIEL M'MIL-
LAN, 132. Fleet Street, London. The Cheapest
House in Town for every Description of
Photographic Apparatus, Materials, and Che-
micals.

*** Price List Free on Application.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE MAT-
TING and MATS, of the best quality.
— The Jury of Class 28, Great Exhibition,
awarded the Prize Medal to T. TRELOAR,
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Manufacturer, 42. Ludgate
Hill, London.

COLLODION PORTRAITS

\J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest
ease and certainty by using BLAND &
LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; cer-
tainty and uniformity of action over a length-
ened period, combined with the most faithful
rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
most valuable agent in the hands of the pho-
tographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass
or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de-
tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per
Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra-
phical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

THE SIGHT preserved by the
Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit
every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S
OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents
Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im-
proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
Street, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S

Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
Caledonian Road, Islington.

OTTEWTLL'S Registered Double Body
Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
Portraits, may be had of A.ROSS, Feather-
stone Buildings, Holborn ; the Photographic
Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu-
factory as above, where every description of
Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
Trade supplied.

PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE
& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from
three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy
of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes,
specimens of which may be seen at their Esta-
blishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Che-
micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—
123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas
each. — D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho
Square (established a.d. 1785), sole manufac-
turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
Guineas each. Every instrument warranted.
The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
are best described in the following professional
testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead-
ing musicians of the age: — "We, the under-
signed members of the musical profession,
having carefully examined the Royal Piano-
fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL-
MAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
appears to us impossible to produce instruments
of the same size possessing a richer and finer
tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem-
perament, while the elegance of their construc-
tion renders them a handsome ornament for
the library, boudoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed)
J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blew-
itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H.
Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen
Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H F. Hasse\
J.L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes,
W.Kuhe, G.F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G.Lanza,
Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
Montgomery, S.Nelson, G.A.Osborne, John
Parry.H. Panof ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar,
E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rpdwell,
E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We-
ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
and Designs Gratis.

WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
». PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbndge.Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

H. E. BicknelI,Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq

M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

Trustees.

W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. ;

T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.— Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co.,

Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not be-
come void through temporary difficulty in pay-
ing a Premium, as permission is given upon
application to suspend the payment at interest,
according to the conditions detailed in the Pro-
spectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring
100Z.. with a Share in three-fourths of th«
Profits : rf

Age

£ s. d.

Age

£ 8. d.

17 -

- 1 14 4

32-

- 2 10 8

22 -

•

- 1 18 8

37-

-

- 2 18 6

27-

.

- 2 4 5

42-

-

-381

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S.,

Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition,
with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN-
VESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a
TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO-
CIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of
Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
Sic. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com-
pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR-
THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to
the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia-
ment Street, London.

A LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER

J\ ALE. - MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP fc
SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they
are now registering Orders for the March
Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of
18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWkKX,
Burton-on-Trent ; and at the under-men-
tioned Branch Establishments :

LONDON, at 61 . King William Street, City.

LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.

MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.

DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.

GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.

DTIBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.

BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. .

SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the
opportunity of announcing to FKIVAih
FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly
recommended by the Medical Profession, may
be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES
GENUINE from all the most RESPECT-
ABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS,, on
"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label
can be ascertained by its having ALLbOi"r
& SONS " written across it.

nHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the

\j recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of
sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard,
London ; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool ; 16. Mar-
ket Street, Manchester ; and Horseley Fields
Wolverhampton.

Printed by Thomas Cab* Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish °^ St. Mary, Islington, at fjA^gfgg^gSfS the WeS?tatkJ
St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Geobok Bull, ot No. 186. Fleet Street, in the fansa ot si. uunsiau
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid— Saturday, June 24. 18o4.

INDEX

TO

THE NINTH VOLUME.

[For classified articles, see Anonymous Works, Notices of New Books, Epigrams, Epitaphs, Folk Lore, Inscriptions, Photo-
graphy, Proverbs, Quotations, Shakspeare, and Songs and Ballads, Articles with an asterisk (*) prefixed denote un-
answered Queries at the date of Publication.]

SUBJECTS.

A.

Abbott families, 105. 233. 458.
Aberbrothock, or Arbroath, 519.
Abigail, a lady's maid, 359.
Abscond, its primary meaning, 347.
Aches rhyming with artches, 351. 409. 571.
Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent, 146.

on Johannes Glanvill, 322.

Addison and Watts, 373. 424
jEtna, journey to the crater of, 563.
Ague, charm for the, 242.
Aiuy, its derivation, 192.
Alderley, the old clock at, 269.
Alfred (king), pedigree to his time, 233.
338. 552.

* Alibenistic order of freemasons, 56.
Alison (Sir Archibald) in error, 196.
Almanacs, books of, 561.

Altar, reverence to, 565.

Alva ( Duke of) noticed, 76. 158.

Ambiguity in public writing, 52.

Ambry, its meaning, 459.

American languages, ancient, 194.

poems imputed to English authors,

377.
Amontillado sherry, 222. 336. 474.
Ampers and, its meaning, 43.
Anachronisms, 367.
Anagram on Charles Stuart, 42.
" Ancien Riwle," MSS. of, 5.
Andre (Major) noticed, 111. 520.
♦Andrews (Bishop), puns in his sermons,

350.
Annandale (the last Marquis), 248.

* Anne of Geierstein, noticed, 36,
Anne (Queen), her motto, 20. 78.

Anonymous Works : —

♦Adventures in the Moon, 245.
♦Athenian Sport, 350.
•Austria as it Is, 542.
Bruce, Robert I., his Acts and Life,

452.
Christabel, the Third Part, 18.
Cobler of Aggawam, 517.
*Cow Doctor, 246.
*Ded. Pavli, 302.
*Es tu Scolaris, 540.
♦Gentleman's Calling, 175.
♦Historical Reminiscences of O'Byrnes,
O'Tooles, and other Irish chieftains,
11.
♦Innocents, a drama, 272.
Les Lettres Juives, 160.

Anonymous Works : —

Letter to a .Member of Parliament, by

W. W., 515.
Liber Passionis Domini nostri Jesu
Christi, 447.
•Lite of Lamenther, 173.
•Lights, Shadows, and Reflections of
Whigs and Tories, 245.
Lounger's Common-place Book, 174.
258.
•Lydia, or Conversion, 76.
Lyra Aposrolica, 3C4 407.
Marriage in High Life, 590.
Merciful Judgment of High Church,
97. 160.
♦Negro's Complaint, 246.
•New Holland, Account of an Expe-
dition to, 271.
Obsolete Statutes : A Letter to a
Member of Parliament, 562.
•Original Poems, by C. R., 541.
•Outlines of the History of Theology,
803.
Pinch of Snuff, 408.
•Posthumous Parodies, 244.
Rodondo, or the State Jugglers, 589.
Salmon's Lives of English Bishops,
175.
•Shipwrecked Lovers, 450.
•Soomarokoffs Demetrius, its trans-
lator, 246.
Trevelyan, 590.
Turks in Europe, 542.
♦Village Lawyer, 493.
Whitelocke's Memorials, 127.
Whole Duty of Man, 551.
Wilkins (Peter), 543.

Ansareys on Mount Lebanon. 169.
Antipodes, what day at our ? 288.
Antiquarian documents, 513.
Antiquaries, Society of. annual meeting,

410 ; their collection of portraits, 138.
Apocryphal works, 542.
Apparition of the White Lady, 431.
•Apparition which preceded the Fire of

London, 541.
Arabian Nights' Entertainments, omission

in, 44.
Arabian tales and their sources, 319.
Archaic words. 491.

Arch Priest of Exeter, 105. 185. 312. 508.
Aristotle on living Law, 373. 457. 529.
Armorial queries, S98. 421.
•Arms, French or Flemish, 541.

Arms, royal, in churches, 327.

•Army lists for seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries, 589.
•Aimy, scailet regimentals of, 55.
Artesian wells, 222. 283. 499.
Arthuriana, 371.
•Arundel ^Richard Fitz-Alan, ninth earl),

516.
•Ascension-day custom, 9.
•Ascham ( Hoger). his letters, 588.
Asgill on Translation to Heaven, 376.
Ashmans, pictures at, 86.
Ashtnn (Kalph) the commander, 272. 325.
Asku or Asca, 488.
Asteroi. s, or recently discovered planets,

36. 129.
•Atchievement in Yorkshire, 349.
Athens, a violet-crowned city, 496 575.
•Atherstone family, 221.
Atonement, its theological use, 271- 503.
Atterbury (Bishop), his portrait, 163. 395.
Augustine on clairvoyance, 511.
Authors and publishers, hint to, 31.
Authors, remuneration of, 404.
Authors' Trustee Society, 269.
Awkward, its etymology, 480.
Awkward, or awart, a provincialism, 209.

B.

Back, Bristol localities, 517.

Bacon(Lord) and Bishop Andrews, 466.

•Bacon (Lord) and Sir Simon D'Ewcs, 76.

Baker (Thomas), letter to Humphry Wan-
ley, 7.

Balaam box, 483.

Bale (John), Bishop of Ossory, 324. 407.

•Bale (John), his work on libraries, 589.

Ballina Castle. Mayo, 311.

Barbour (John), Scottish metrical his-
torian, 453.

Barmecides' feast, 543.

Barrels regiment, 63. 159. 545.

Barrett (Eaton ttannard), poem on Wro-
man, 17.

Barristers' gowns, 323.

•Bart (Jean), his descent on Newcastle,
451.

Barton (Mrs. C.) and Lord Halifax, 18.

Bateman (Christopher^, bookseller, 585.

Bathurst (Dr.), Bisliop of Norwich, 422.

Battel at the universities, 326.

•Battles, description of, wanted, 246.'

Baxter (Richard) on apparitions, 12. 62.

606

INDEX.

B.'.xter (Richard), inscription on his pulpit,

61.
B. C. Y. characters, 149.
Beattie (Dr.) on the English liturgy, 466.
Bee, the wandering, 370.
Bees, legends respecting, 167.

on bartering for, 446.

Belgium ecclesiastical antiquities, 386.

Bell inscriptions, 109. 592.

Bell at Rouen, 233. 529.

Bell literature, 240. 310.

Bell, why tolled on leaving church, 125.

311.567.
Belle Sauvage, its derivation, 44. 89.
Bellman at Newgate, 565.
•Berkhampstead records, 56.
•Bersethrigiimnue, its meaning, 373.
Bible, an illustrated one of 1527, 352. 504.
Bible, Breeches, an imperfect one, 273.
Bible Society of the Human Catholics, 41.

111.
Bibles, errata in, 391.

reprints of earlv, 487.

Bickford (Win.), letter to Rev. Mr. Amory,

7.
B'got, its derivation, 560.
Binding of old books, how polished, 401.
Bingham's Ai.tiquities, queries in, 197- 308.
*Biugham (Sir John) noticed, 450.
•Birds, marvellous combat of, 303.
Birm-bank, its derivation, 12.
Bishops' kennel of hounds, 247. 432.

tombs, 146.

*Black cap of the judges, 399.
Blackguard, its original meaning, 15. 153.

503.
Blase (St.), his festival at Norwich, 353.
*Blechenden family, 422.
Blessington (Countess of), her letter to Sir

Wm. Druminond, 268
B. L. M., Italian subscription, explained,

43.
Bloater or herring, explained, 347.
151oet (Robert) noticed, 105. 181.
Blue Bell and Blue Anchor, sign, 86.
Blue Bells of Scotland, 209. 600.

* Board of Trade in seventeenth century,

562.

* Bohemia (Queen of) and a foreign order,

10.
Bohme (Jacob), 151.
Bolle (Sir John) of Thorpe Hall, 305.
Books burnt by the hangman, 78. 226. 425.
Books in parts not completed, 147. 258.

Books, Notices of New : —

Ackerman's Remains of Pagan Saxon-

dom, 313.
Ada's Thoughts, or the Poetry of

Youth, 21.
Addison's Works, by Bishop Hurd, *J0.

313. 458.
Arundel Society publications, 289.
Autograph Miscellany, 90.
Banrield's Statistical Companion, 458.
Beauties of Byron, 21.
Bell's edition of the British Poets, 138.

554.
Brav's Peep at the Pixies, 21.
Bristol, Curiosities of, 210.
Brook's Russians of the South, 90.
Conde's Arabs in Spain, 410.
Conversations on Geography, 289.
Croker's Correspondence with Lord

John Russell. 210.
Custine (M. de) upon Russia, 289.
D'Arblay's Diary and Letters, 289.

410. 433. 505,
Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographica,

66. 234 313. 339. 458. 554.
Dod's Peerage for 1854, 46.
Dryden's Works, by R. Bell, 66. 458. .
Durriew's Present State of Morocco,

433.
Essays from The Times, 410.
Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, 21.
Foster's Elements of Jurisprudence,

210.
Gibbon's Rome (Bonn's), 163. 387.
Gibbon's Rome (Murray's), 234. 338.

Books, Notices of New : —

Giffard's Deeds of Naval Daring, 433.
Gothe's Novels and Tales, 66.

Goldsmith's Works, by Peter Cunning-
ham, 45. 138. 4 >8. 554.

Hailey (Lady Brilliana), her letters,
210.

Hunt's Manual of Photography, 458.

Journal of Classical and Sacred Philo-
logy, 289.

Journal of Sacred Literature, 66. 339.

Keightley's Mythology of Ancient
Greece, 288.

Lanman's Adventures in North Ame.
rica, '23 1 .

Lardner's Museum of Science and Art,
162.

Lloyd on the Shield of Achilles, 338.

Locke's Works, 505.

Lower's Contributions to Literature,
162.

Lushington's Points of War, 505.

Macaulay's Critical and Historical
Essays, 234. 339. 433. 554.

Macaulay's Speeches on Parliamentary
Reform, 21.

MacCabe's Catholic History of Eng-
land, 504.

Mantell's Geological Excursions, 162.

Marley's Life of Girolamo Cardano,
313.

Munch's Scandinavian History, 410.

Museum of Science and Art, 66.

Netherclift's Autograph Miscellany,
289.

Pepys's Diary and Correspondence,
2J4.

Petit's Architectural Studies in France,
313. •■

Pryce's Memorials ofthe Canynges, 138.

Pu'lman's Book ofthe Axe, 387.

Retrospective Review, 162. 458.

Reumont's Carafas of Maddaloni, 210.

Roll of the Household Expenses of
Richard de Swinfield, 458.

St. George's Visitation of Northumber-
land, 21.

Scott's Poet's Children, 505.

Smee on the Eye, 338.

Smith i Sydney), his writings, 554.

Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Ro-
man Geography, 66.

Southey's Works and Correspondence
of Cowper, 313. 339.

Stratford Shakspeare. by C. Knight, 90.

Strickland's Lives of the Queens, 162.
313. 339. 458. 554.

Tieck's Midsummer Night, 289.

Timbs's Curiosities of London, 21.

Trollope s Illustrations of Ancient
Art, 162.

Ure's Dictionary of Arts, &c, 288.

Waagen's Treasures of Art in Great
Britain, 433.

Wadnington on John Penry the
martyr, 410.

Wiff'en's Tasso's Jerusalem, 387.

Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Mythologie
und Sittenkunde, 505.

Books, on mutilating, 585,

varnish for old, 423.

Booty's case, 137.

Bosvill (Ralph) of Bradbourn, Kent, 467.

Botanic names, their derivation, 537.

Bothy system, 305. 432. 527.

Botiller (Theobald le), 336.

Bourbons, the fusion ofthe, 323. 431.

Bowly (Devreux), horologist, 173. 285.

*Bovle family, 494.

•Braddock (Gen.) noticed, 11. 562.

Bradford (John) the martyr, his writings,

449. 552.
*Bragge (Dr.) noticed, 126.
Braithwait (Richard), 163.
Branks, or gossips' bridles, 149. 336. 578.
Brass in All Saints, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,

273.
Brasses, monumental, on their destruction,

268. 326.

Breeches Bible, an imperfect one, 273.

*Brerewood (Edward), his portrait, 173.

Bribery, the first instance, 447.

•Brighton old church, hand in chancel,
148.

Brill near old St. Pancras Church, 288.

*Bristol compliment, 541.

•Britons, works on the early, 399.

Brooks (Rev. Joshua) noticed, 64.

Broom at the mast-head, 518.

Brothers of the same christian name, 43.
185.

Brown (Robert) the separatist, 494. 572.

Brown iSir Adim and Sir Ambrose), 564.

Browne (Francis) noticed, 41.

Browne (Sir T.) and Bishop Ken, 220.

Bruce, Robert I., his acts and life, 452.

Brydone the tourist, his birth-place, 138.
255. 305. 4j2. 496.

Buckle, its meaning, 576.

•Bunn's Old England and New England,
451.

Bunyan (John), his manuscripts, 104. 125.

descendants, 223.

Buonaparte's abdication, 51. 183.

Burial in erect posture, 88. 279. 407.

Burial service tradition, 451. 550.

Burke (Edmund), his domestic letters, 9.
207.

Burnet (Bishop), his character, 448. ; no-
ticed, 175.

Burton family, 19. 183.

Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, 191. 333.

•Butler (Colonel) noticed, 422.

Butler's Lives of the Saints, various edi-
tions, 360.

•Button Cap, his legend, 272.

" -by," as a termination, 136. 522.

Byron and Rochefoucauld, 347. 553-

Byron's Childe Harold, 481.

Byron, the fifth Lord, noticed, 18. 232.

Cabbages, when introduced into England,
424. 578.

Calchanti, its meaning, 36. 84. 183.

Caldecott's Translation of the New Testa-
ment 600.

Calves'-head club, 15. 88.

Cambridge Mathematical Questions, 35.
184. 338.

Cambridge Supernatural Phenomena So-
ciety, 150,

Camden Society Annual Meeting, 433.

Memorial on the Prerogative Office,

215.

Came, its early use, 82. 112.

Campbell (Thomas) quoted, 73.

Canaletto's views round London, 106. 288.
337.

Canne's Bible of 1756, 563.

Cant, origin ofthe word, 103.

Canterbury see, its privileges, 286.

Canting arms, 1»6. 256.

Caps at Cambridge, 27. 130.

Captain, Latinized, 543.

" Captivate," its original meaning, 8.

Carausius, his supposed coin, 148. 287.

Carcases, productions of different, 227.

Caricature : A Canterbury Tale, 351. 433.

•Carlos (Sir Wm.), his arms and motto, 10.

Carlos or Careless (William), monumental
inscription, 305.

Card of the kings, 53,

Carronade,,its derivation, 246. 408.

Cash, its derivation, 66.

Cassie, a corruption of Causeway, 396. 574.

Cassiterides, origin ofthe name, 64. 111.

Cassock ofthe clergy, 101. 337. 479.

Cattle, disease among, 445.

Cawley the regicide, 247. 361.

Celt, its derivation, 86.

Celtic and Latin languages, 14. 137. 356.
492.

Celtic etymology, 40. 136. 205.

•Celtic in Devon, 373.

Cephas, a binder, and not a rock, 368. 500.

INDEX.

607

Centum sign, 451.
•Chadderton ol' Nuthurst, 303.
*Cliair, or char, a provincialism, 351.
Chamisso's poem quoted, 395.
Chapel Sunday, 527.
Charles I. at Little Woolford, 219.
•Charles I., his commission at Oxford, 495.
— • his officers, 74. 286.
Charles II., his letters to the Grand Mas-
ters of Malta, 263. 2fi6. 442.
Charles (Prince), his attendants in Spain,

272. 334.
Charming in Hampshire, 446.
Charteris (Col.) noticed, 115.
Chattel property in Ireland, 394.
Chauncy, or Chancy, noticed, 126. 286.
Chess, antiquity of the game, 2-<!4.
Children by one mother, 18ri. 572.
Children crving at their birth, 343.
" Children 'in the Wood," the scene of,

305.
•Chintz gowns, 397<
Chisels, stone, 321.

* "Chopping the tree" at Oxford, 468.
Christ-cross row, 162. 231.
Christ's or Cris-cross row, 457.
Christian names doubled, 45. 232. 359.
•Christmas ballad, 325.

Chronograms, 11. 60.

Church porch, right of refuge in, 325.597.

Church towers detached, 20.

Church usages, ancient, 127. 257. 566.

Churches in Domesday Book, 355.

Churches in the City of London, a plea
for, 51.

Churchill's grave, 123. 234. 334.

Churcning custom in Hampshire, 446.

Cicero quoted, 111.

Ciss, cissle, &c, 148.. 334.

Clairvoyance noticed bv St. Augustine, 511.

Clare legends, 73. 145. 490.

Clarence dukedom, 45. 85. 224.

Clarendon (Lord) and the tubwoman, 45.

Clarke (Dr. E. D.), his Charts ot the Black
Sea, 132. 456.

Classic authors and the Jews, 221. 384. 478.

•Clendon (John) noticed, 56.

Clito, its meaning, 459.

•Clock, an ancient one, 302.

Clubs, origin of, 311. 383.

Clunk, its meaning, 208.

Cobb family, 272. 409.

Cock-and-bull story, 209.

Coincidences, 466.

Cold- Harbour, 107.

Cole (J. W.), his edition of Othello, 375.1

Coleridge's Christabel, 455. 529.

unpublished MSS., 496. 543. 591.

Coleshill, ancient custom at, 376.

•Collis (Thomas) noticed, 56.

•Columbarium in a church tower, 541.

Commin (Faithful), 515. 578.

" Commons of Ireland before the Union,"
35. 160.

Conduitt and Sir Isaac Newton, 195.

Conjunctions joining propositions, 180. 279.

Consilium novein delectorum Cardinalium,
&c, 127. 252. 380. 518.

•Consolatodel Mare, 271.

•Constable of Masham, 198.

Convocation and the Propagation Society,
574.

•Convocation, perpetual curates not repre-
sented in, 351.

•Convocation, the position of suffragan
bishops in, 35.

Cook (Capt.), his pedigree, 423.

Copernicus, inscription on his tomb, 447.
553.

•Corbet, a Scottish family, 515.

Cornwalls of London, 304. 576.

Coronation custom, 453.

stone, 123 328.

Coroner's inquests, 483.

Corporation enactments, 300. 528. 553.

" Corporations have no souls," See., 284.

431.
Corpulence a crime, 196.
Cotterell (Sir Charles) noticed, 19. SOS.

Cottoner (Ralph), Grand Master at Malta,

264.
•Courtney family, 450.
•Cowperiana, 421.
•CrabbofTelsf'ord, 125.
•Crabbe (Rev. Geo.), his manuscripts, 35.
Crampetle, in heraldry, 459.
Cranmer's Bible, 111. 334.

martyrdom, 392. 547. 590.

Crecy, the Irish at the battle of, 517.
Crenellate, licences to, 220. 276.
•Crewkerne ( Henry) of Exeter, 467.
Cromwell (Bridget), her children by

Fleetwood, 36.
Cromwell (Oliver), his carriages, 87. 306.
Croinwellian documents in Lambeth Palace,

386.
Cromwellian gloves, 538.
Cross, its anticipatory use, 360.
Culet explained, 36.
•Cunninghame (Mr. P.) noticed, 75.
Curiosities of Literature, some recent ones,

31. 136. 475.

D.

Dannocks, its derivation, 272.

•Dante in Latin, 467.

•D.rcy ofPlatten, 247.

Dartmouth (first Lord), his monument, 51.

Darwin on Steam, 271. 408.

•Dates of published works, 148.

Daughters taking their mothers' names,

20. 230.
David's mother, 42.

D'Aye( Robert), Cromwell's descendant, 88.
Dead, society for burning the, 76.
Death-warnings in ancient families, 55. 114.

150. 335.
De Beauvoir pedigree, 349. 596.
Defoe (Daniel) on apparitions, 12. 62.
•Degrees in Arts at Edinburgh, 304.
•De Gurney pedigree, 324.
•De la Fund, inscription on his engraving,

272.
De Lauragnois (Due), a marvellous story

of his wife, 538.
Dennis and Pope, 223.
•Denny ( Honoria, daughter of Lord), 451.
Dereham manor alienated, 304.
•Dc Rous family, 222.
Despatches, sententious, 171.
Devil Tavern club, 327.
•Dilamgabendi, its meaning, 516.
•Dtnteville family, 198.
Diseases, non-recurring, 38.
Divining rod, 386.
Divinity professorships, 585.
Dixon of Beeston, 221. 27L
•Dixon's Yorkshire Dales-, 148
Dobbs, Francis, a prophet, 71.
Dobney's Bowling-green, 375. 572. /
Docwra (Sir Thomas), grand prior, 298.
Dog Latin, 601.

Dog-whippers in churches, 349. 499.
Dog- whipping in Hull, 64.
Dogs in monumental brasses, 126. 249. 312.
D. O. M. explained, 137. 286.
Domestic architecture, 220.

chapels, 219.

•Dominus, the title, 222.

Dorset, a beverage, 247. 311.

Dosa (George and Luke), 57.

Dragons' blood, 242.

Drainage by machinery, 183.

•Dramatic and Poetical Works, 173.

Dress of the ancient Scottish females, 271.

502.
Druidism, materials for a history of, 219.
Drummond (Sir Wm.), the Countess of

Blessington's letter to him, 26S.
Dryden (John) on Shakspeare, 95.
Dryden and Luke Milbourne, 563.
Dublin maps, 174. 287.
•Dublin volunteers, print of, 541.
Ducking-stool, 2-52.
•Dumfries, lithographed view of, 516..

5>

Duncon (Dr. Eleazar), his death, 56. 184.

359.
Dutch East India Company, 93,
Dutch, high and low, 132.
Duval family, 285.

K.

•Eastern church, the episcopal insignia of,

222.
Eastern question, 241.
Echo poetry, a dialogue, 51. 153.
Eclipse in the year 126 >, 17. 359. 480.
Eden pedigree and arms, 175.
Eden (Robert), Prebendary of Winchester,

374. 653.
•Egger moths, 148.
Electric telegraph, its inventor, 274.

at police stations, 270. 360.

Eliminate, its original signification, 119.

Elizabeth (Queen) and the Earl of Essex,
175.

Elstob (Elizabeth', her burial-place, 7. 200.

Elstob family, 553.

Embust, in hunting, 459.

Enareans, 101. 337. 479.

Encore, 601.

Encyclopaedia of Indexes, 371. 527.

Enfield Church, 287.

Engravings, early German, 57. 565.

Epigrams : —

falsely ascribed to Herbert, 301.

four lawyers, 103.

Garrick's funeral, 529.

Greek, 89.

Handel and Bononcini, 445. 550.

how D.D. swaggers, M.D. rolls, 504.

Pope's on Dennis, 223.

Epitaphs : —

Chambers, a dancing-master, 54.
Churchill the poet, 123.
epitaphium Lucretiae, 112.
Garter King at Arms, 122.
Henbury. in Gloucestershire, 492.
Howleglass, 88.
Kelly (Patrick), 54.
Kingston-Seymour, in Somersetshire,

492.
Lavenham Church, 369.
Morwenstow churchyard, 481.
" Myself," 270. 430.
Pisa, 368.
Politian's, 62.
Prior's on himself, 283.
Shoreditch churchyard, 369.
Tellingham Church! Essex, 9.
Whittlebury Churchyard, 122.

Eternal life, 122.

Etiquette, origin of the word, 106.
Euler'8 analytical treasures, 75.
Exposition bv Cornelius a Lapide, 512.
Eyre (Capt. John), his drawings, 207. 258.

Fairfax (Lord), inquiries respecting, 10.

156. 379 572.
Families, large, 419. 422.
•Farrant's anthem, " Lord, for thy tender

mercies' sake," 9-
•Farre (Captain), noticed, 32.
•Farrington s views, 467.
Fata Morgana, 267.

Faussett collection of antiquities, 386. 554.
• Fawell arms and crest, 374.
Felbrigge (Sir G. ), inscription on his brass,

326.
•Female aide-major, 397.
Female parish clerks, 162. 431.
Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma,

417.
FielB's Bible of 1658, 563.
Fifteenths, or fystens, 176.
Fire-arms, antiquity of, 80.
•Fitzgerald (Edward), 494.

608

INDEX.

Fitzherbert (Sir Anthony), not Chief Jus-
tice, 285.
♦Flasks for wine-bottles, 304.
Fleet prison officers, 76. 16:).
Fleurs-de-lys, three, 35. 84. 113. 225.
Floral Directories, Catholic, 568.
Florins and the royal arms, 59.

Folk Lore, 73. 242. 344. 446. 536.
Devonshire, 34k
Hampshire, 416.
Herefordshire, 242.
Somersetshire, 536.
newspaper, 29. 84. 276. 523.

•Foreign orders, 10.

Forensic jocularities, 538.

Forlorn hope, explained, 43. 161.

Forms of Prayer, Occasional, 404.

* " Forms of Public Meetings," 174.

Forster (Dr.), and his Floral Works, 569.

Fountains in foreign parts, 517.

Fox-hunting, 307.

*Fox (Sir Stephen) noticed, 271.

Foxes and Firebrands, 96.

Francklyn Household Book, 422. 575.

♦Frankincense in churches, 349.

Fraser (General), 161. 431.

♦Freemasonry, on the eligibility of deaf and

dumb persons, 542.
•Freemasons, the alibenistic order of, 56.
Freher (Dionysius Andreas). 151.
French refugees in Spitalfields, 516.
French season and weather rhymes, 9. 277.
•Fresick and Freswick, 174.
Friends, their longevity, 243.
•F'roissart, passage on the Black Prince,

374.
Funeral customs, 257. 566.
— in Middle Ages, 89.
Fynnon Vair, or the Well of our Lady, 376.

G.

Gage (Gen. Thomas) noticed, 12.

Gale of rent, 408.

Garble, its present corruption, 243 359. 407.

Garlands, broadsheets, &c, 347.

♦Garlic Sunday, its origin, 34.

Garrick's funeral epigram, 529.

Gay (John), his Acis and Galatea, 12.

Gazette de Londres, 86.

Geering (Richard), 337.

•Genesis iv. 7., 371.

Geneva arms, 44. 110.

Geometrical curiosity, 14.

George (Chevalier dc St.), his medal, 105.

311.479.
George III. baptized, married, and

crowned by one prelate, 447.
George IV. and Duke of York, 244. 33S.

431.
Gerard (Charles) temp. Charles II., 483.
German tree, bo. 136.
Gerson (John), supposed author of De

Imitatione, 87. 202.
Gibbon (Edward) and his father, 511.
Gispen, a leathern pot, 459.
♦Glass quarries, initials in, 515.
♦Glencairn (Earl of) noticed, 452.
♦Glossaries, provincial, in MS., 303.
" Gloucester." wrecked, 87.
Glutton and Echo, dialogue between, 51.
♦Gnats, battle of the, 303.
" God's acre," 492.

Goldsmith (Oliver), translation from, 59.
Goloshes, origin of the name, 304. 470.
Gosling family, 82.

Gossip, or sponsor, examples of its use, 399.
Gossiping history, 239.
Government patronage, its abolition, 465.
Governor-General of India, his official

style, 327.
Gowcr (John) the poet, his marriage li-
cence, 487.
Grafts and the parent tree, 327. •

Grammar in relation to logic, 21. 180. 279.
Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt, its

master in 1728, 590.

Grammars for public schools, 8. 81. 209. 478.

Grammont's Memoirs, 3. 204. 356. 5S.J.

Granby ( Marquis of), popular sign, 127. 360.
574.

♦Graves of the Anglo-Saxons. 494.

Greek denounced by the monks, 467. 600.

Green eyes, 112. 432. .

•Green stockings, 398.

Greenock fair, custom at, 242. 338.

Gresebrook, in Yorkshire, 285.

Grey (Henry), Duke of Suffolk, his head,
51.

♦Grey (Lady Jane), her burial-place, 373.

•Griesbach arms, 350.

Griffin s Fidessa, and Shakspeare's Pas-
sionate Pilgrim, 27.

♦Grose (Francis) the antiquary, 350.

Gutta perchd made soluble, 350. 527.

•Guye, or Gye, of the Temple, 35.

H.

Haas (Mr.) the sand-painter, 217.

Haddon Hall, the heiress of, 452.

Halcyon days, its derivation, 249.

Hale (Sir Matthew), his descendants, 77.
160.

Halifax (Lord) and Mrs. C. Barton, 18.

♦Hall iKev. Robert), temp. James II., 76.

Hallsal, its salubrity, 495.

Hamilton (Comte Anloine) noticed,'3. 356.
584.

Hampton Court pictures, 19. 85.

Handbells at funerals, 478.

Handel, hymn attributed to, 303. 573.

Handwriting, works on, 283.

Hanging, has execution by hanging been
survived ? 174. 280. 4-3.

Hardman's Account of Waterloo, 176.-355.
529.

•Harington (Lady), her pedigree, 76.

Harington (Lord) noticed, 336.

♦Harrison the regicide, 350.

Hatherleigh Moor, Devon, 538.

•Haviland family, 399.

♦Hay-bread recipe, 325.

Hayes (Dr. Philip) noticed, 542.

Haynau (Gen.), his corpse, 171.

♦Hay ware (Richard) noticed, 373.

Hebrew music, 242.

Henry of Huntingdon's letter to Walter,
371.

Henry I., his arm the yard measure, 200.

Henry IV. of France, his title to the crown,
100.

Henry VIII., his letters to the Grand Mas-
ters of Malta, 99.

Heraldic anomaly, 29a 430. 578.

Heraldic queries, 271. 325. 352. 480.

Heraldic Scotch grievance, 74. 160.

Heralds, a puzzle for them, 513.

Heralds' College, 46y. ; its first members,
248.

Herbert (George), epigram ascribed to him,
301.

Church Porch, 173. 566.

Helga, 273.

on Hope, 541.

Hervie (Christopher) noticed, 272.

Hiel the Bethelite, 452.

Highland regiment, 493.

Hint by a blacksmith of Tideswell, 197.

" Hip, hip, hurrah ! " 386.

History, impossibilities of, 392. 547. 590.

Hobbes (Thomas), his Behemoth, 77. 322.

Hoby family, their portraits, &c, 19. 58.

Hodgson's (Rev.F.) translation of the Atys
of Catullus, 19. 87.

Hoglandia, 362.

Hogmanay, its derivation, 495.

♦Holland, its derivation, 421.

Holy-loaf money, 150. 256. 568.

♦Holy Thursday rain-water, 542.

Holy Trinity Church, Minories, 51.

Hooker (Richard), queries in, 77.

♦Hooper (Bishop) on the veotment contro-
versy, 221.

♦Hopson (Admiral) noticed, 172.

Hour-glass stands, 64. 135. 162. 252.

" Hovu maet of laet," its translation, 148.

257.
Hoveden, mistranslation in, 113.
Howleglass's epitaph, 88.
Hue's Travels, 19.
Huntbaeh manuscripts, 149.
♦hunters of Polmood, their pedigree, 198.
Hydropathy, 395. 575.
Hydrophobia, cure for, 322.

I.

Iceland, communications with, 53.
Imp, used for progeny, 113. 527.
Imprints, remarkable, 143.
Indexes, or Tables of Contents, Encyclo-

pa;dia of, 371.
Infant school, inscription for one, 147.
Inglis ( Bishop) of Nova Scotia, 527.
lngulph's Chronicle, an error in, 301.
♦Initiative, when first used, 271.
♦Ink, fading, 199.
Inman or lngman family, 193. 353.
Inn signs, 148. 251. 35a 494.

Inscriptions on Bells, 109. 592.
book, 122.
buildings, 492. 552.
Carlos, or Careless (William), 305.
curious one, 3fi9.
door-head, 89.

Homerstield, in Suffolk, 270. 430.
Lindsey Court-house, 492. 552. 602.
Llangollen, North Wales, 513.
pulpit, 31. 135.
St. Stephen's, Ipswich, 270.

Insects in the human stomach, 523.
Irish law in the eighteenth century, 270.
427.

legislation, 244.

records, 536.

" Isle of Beauty," by T. H. Bayly, 453.
Isolated, its modern use, 171.

Jacobite club, 300.

garters, 528.

Jacob's stone, 124.

James II., his army list, 30. 401. 544.

♦Jewish names from animals, 374.

Jews and Egyptians, 34.

Job xix. 26. literally translated, 303. 42S.

John (King) in Lancashire, 453. 550.

John of Gaunt, his descendants, 432. 676.

John of Jerusalem, Order of, 80. 99. 26a 333

417. 442.
•John of Jerusalem, proceedings of the

Hospital, 451.
•Johnson (Or.) and the mad bull, 467.
Jonson (Ben), epigram " Inviting a friend

to supper," 440.
•Judges practising at the bar, 450.
Judicial rank hereditary, 311.
Juniper as a cant phrase, 224.
Junius, Bohn's reprint of Woodfall's edi-
tion, 584.

the vellum-bound, 74.

Justice, Russian, 74.

K.

Kalydor, Italian, 537.

Keate family, 19.

♦Keats (John), his poems, 421.

•Kemerton Church, its dedication, 271.

•Kemp (Richard) noticed, 373.

Kempis (Thomas a), De Imitatione, 87.

203.
Ken (Bishop) and Sir Thomas Browne, 220.

258.
Kennington Common, 295. 367.
•Kieten (Nicholas) the giant, 398.
♦Killigrew family, 199.
King's prerogative, 247.

INDEX.

609

Kirkpatrick's MSS. of Norwich, 515. 561.
* Kitchen (Anthony), his arms, 350.
Knight's Quarterly Magaziue, contributors

to, 103. 334.
Knight's numismatic collections, 9.
Knightlow Cross in Warwickshire, 448.
" Knobstick," as used by trades' unions,

373.
Kutchin-kutchu, 304.
*Kynoch families, 148.

L.

Ladylift, a clump of trees, 53.

*Lamb (Charles), his birthplace, 562.

Largesse, a provincialism, 209. 408.

La Rochefoucauld, 3'20.

Launch of the " Prince Royal" in 1610,

464.
Laurie on Finance, 42.
*Lavidian, a fish, 398.
Law (Edward), lines on his being made

Chief Justice, 396.
Lawless Court, Roehford, Essex, 11.
Lawyers' bags, 20. 41.
Lawyers, epigram on four, 103.
*Leapor (Mary), tragedy by, 104.
Le Compere Mathieu, 480.
*Leeming Hall, near Liverpool, 351.
Legal customs, 20. 41.
Legend, its use defended, 44.
*Leger (Col. St.) noticed, 76.
Legh (Sir Urian) of Adlington, 305.'
Leicester as ranger of Snowdon, 125.353.
Leicester (Robert Dudley, eleventh Earl

of), 105. 160. 354.
Leighton (Abp.), his burial-place, 8.

• Lemying (Christopher) of Burneston, 325.
Leslie (Charles) and Dr. Middleton, 324.

575.
Lessius (Leonard), his Hygiasticon, 52.
Letters, Irish, Anglo-Saxon, &c., 246 361.
Letters of eminent literary men, 7. 28.
Lewis family, 86.
•Lewis (Jenkin), his Memoirs of the Duke

of Gloucester, its editor, 542.
" Liber Passionis Domini nostri Jesu

Christi," 446.
Lichfield Bower, or VVappcnschau, 338.
Life and death, 226. 481. 592.
Life-belts, 348.

Life, on living over again, 591.
Lightloot (Anna), '.'S3.
Lignites, what ? 422. 477.
Lincoln episcopal registers, extracts from,

513.
Lindsey Court-house, inscription on, 492.

552. 602.
*Linna;aii medal, 374.
*Lipyeatt family. 349.
Literary curiosities, 31.
Literature(Euglish), its components, 244.
*Liverics, red and scarlet, 126.
*Loike (John), his pedigree, 493.
J.ode, its meaning, 233.
Lodge (Edmund) the herald, 453.
Logan or rocking stones, 561.
London Churches, a plea for, 51.

* London Corporation, custom of, 34.
*London Corporation, query for, 77.

fortifications, 174. 2 7. 258.

Longfellow families, 174. 255. 424.
Hyperion, 495. 602.

originality, 77.

Reaper and the Flowers, 63.

Long Parliament, lists of its members, 423.
Lovelace (Richard), his Lucasta, 208.
*Lowle family, 350.
*Lowth of Sawtrey, 374.
Lucifer, palace of, 'ids.
*Ludwell (Thomas) noticed, 373.
" Luke's iron crown," 57.
*Lunsford (Sir Thomas) noticed, 373.
Luther ( Martin), his bust, 21.
Lyon (William), Bishop of Cork, 192."
" Lyra Apostolica," its authors and motto,
304. 407.

Lyra's Commentary, 323. 503.
Lysons' manuscripts, 57.

M.

M. A. and A. M. degree, 475. 599.
Macaulay (T. B ) in error, 196.
*MacGregor (Helen) noticed, 350.
Machyn (Henry) noticed, 483.

* Mackerel, blind, 245.

Mackey (Samson Arnold), 89. 179.

Mackli'n and Pope, V39.

Madden's Reflections and Resolutions, 199.

* Maid of Orleans, 374.
Mairdil or mardle, 233. 336.
*Maisterson's Lords* descents, 76.
Majority, the attainment of, 18 8.5.
Maltese knights, 80. 99 263. 313. 417. 442.
Mammet, its derivation, 43. 82.

Man in the moon, 1H4.

Mantel-piece, its origin, 302. 385. 576.

*Manuscript catena, 33.

Maps, dates of, 396. 553.

Market crosses, 2()9.

Marmortinto, or sand-painting, 217. 327.

Marriage agreement, a curious one, 193.

ceremony in the fourteenth century,

33. 84.

Marston and Erasmus, 513.

*Maityrs feeling pain, 846. 590.

*Mary Queen of Scots at Auchincas, 325.

Mathew, a Cornish family, 222. 2.S9. 551.

Mattaire (Michael), letter to Earl of Ox-
ford, 28.

Matthew of Westminster, Bohn's edition, 8.

Mawkin, a scarecrow, 303. 385. 601.

* May-day custom, 516.
*Maydenburi, 516.

Mayor of London a Privy Councillor, 137.

158.
Mazarin (Duchess of), her monument,

2+9.
Medal of Queen Anne, 399.
*Medicine, Eastern practice of, 198.
Meols, name of a parish, 4/09* 553.
•Mereworth Castle, Kent, 124.
Mermaid Tavern club, 327.
Merryweather's Tempest Prognosticator,

273.
Middleton's Tragi-Comedy, the " Witch,"

its music, 196.
Milhourne (Luke) and Dryden, 563.
Miller (James) noticed, 496.
" Milton Blind," a poem, 395.
Milton's correspondence, 504.

widow, 38. 225.

Minshull (Richard) noticed, 38. 225.
Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouchfe, their

Memoirs, 542.
Miser, its original and present meaning,

12. 161.
Mob, its derivation, 601.
Monaldeschi, 233.

Money, its value in the seventeenth cen-
tury, 375. 478.
Monicke (Dr.), his Notes and Queries on

the Ormulum, 465.
Monster found at Maidstone, 106.
Monteith bowl, 45.'. 599.
Monumental brasses in London, 200.
•Monumental figures, cross-legged, on the

Continent, 77.
Moon superstitions, 410.

* Moral philosophy, writers on, 351.
*Morant (Rev. Philip), his lineage, 34.
Morant (Sir John), his pedigree. 56. 250.
More (Sir Thomas) and equity suitors, 420.
Morrice (Sir Win.) his papers, 7.
Morivenna, lines on the Minster of, 17. 83.

135.
Mother Russet's post, 299.
Motto on an old damask, 1 1.
Mount Mill and London fortifications, 174.

207. 256. 288.
Mousehunt described, 65. 135. 385. 477. 602.
Muffins and crumpets, origin of, 77. 2>J8.
Muffs worn by gentlemen, 90.

* Mummy chests, 422.

•Mustard, proclamation for making, 450.
Myddleton (Sir Hugh), his burial-place,

495.
Myrtle bee, 205. 602.

N.

*Nails, the master of the, at Chatham, 36.

Namby-pamby, 161.

Names assumed, 32.

long, 312.

reversible, 184. 285.

Napoleon's spelling, 203.

Narbrough (Sir John) noticed, 418.

Nash (Beau), lines on visiting his palace,
146.

Nattochiis, its meaning, 36. 84. 183.

*Naval atrocities, 10.

" Ned o' the Todding," 36. 135.

Nelson (Lord), inedited letters of, 241. 337.
344.

his death, 297.

" -ness," as a termination, 522.

Newman (Professor) on the CeUic lan-
guage, 355.

Newspaper folk lore, 29. 84. £76. 5Z3.

Newspaper (foreign) leaders, 218. 463.

Newton and Milton, 122.

New Zealander and Westminster Bridge,
74. 159. 361.

Niagara, its pronunciation, 573.

Nicholas, emperor, anagram on, 561.

Nicholas (St.) Cole Abbey, 107.

Nichols's Collectanea, errata in, 371.

•Niebuhr's " ingenious man," 56.

Nightingale and thorn, 162.

*Noctes Ambrosianas, 397.

Nonjurors' motto, 87.

*Norman towers in London, 222.

North-west passage, 516.

•Norton, origin ot this local name, 272.

Nowell (Dean), his first wife, 300.

Nugent (Earl), his poems, 149.

Nugget, its meaning, 232.

O.

Oaths, 61.45. 402.

Objective and subjective, 170.

O'Brien of Thosmond, 125. 328.

*" Obtains," its conventional meaning,
589.

Odd Fellows, origin of the union, 327. 578. ;

•Odevaere's history of an ancient clock,
302.

Odoherty (Morgan), 209.

Offices, the sale of, in the seventeenth cen-
tury, 562.

Ogbome's History of Essex, MSS. of, 322.

•Ogden (John), noticed, 511.

Oglander (Sir Wm ), his chapel, 17.

* " Old Dominion," or Virginia, 468.

Olympic Plain, &c, 270. 526.

Orange blossoms, 386. 527.

Orchat, or orchard, 400.

*Order of St. David of Wales, 125.

*' Ordericus Vitalis," Bohn's edition, 512.

Ordinary, a provincialism, 219.

Oriel, as applied to a window, 400.

*Orme, aide-de-camp to General Brad-
dock, 562.

Ormulum, edited by Dr. White, 465.

Orrerv (Earl of), his letter to Dr. Thomas
Birch, 29.

Osmotherley in Yorkshire, 152.

*Otterburn, battle of, 348.

Oufle (M.), his history, 57.

Ought and aught, 419.

Ox lord Commemoration squib, 113.

Oxford jeu d'esprit, 168.

" Oxoniana," a desirable reprint, 300.

Page, its derivation, 106. 255.
Painting, the English school of, 220.

610

INDEX.

Paintings of Our Saviour, 270. 550.

Palaeologi, the last of, 312. 572.

Paleario (Aonio), " Of the Benefit of the

Death of Christ," 321.
Paley's plagiarisms, 64.
Palindrome verses, 343.
Pamphlet, curious old one, 391.
Pandras, its derivation, 334.
Paper water-marks, false dates on, 32. 41.

75.
Papyrus, specimen wanted, 222. 529.
Parallel ideas from poets, 121. 466.
Parallel passages, 345.
Parliament, a member electing himself,

285.
Parma (Ferdinand Charles III., duke of),

417. 598.
Parochial libraries, 186.
— registers, 590.
Party-similes of the seventeenth century,

96.
Paschal eggs, 483.

Passion of Our Lord dramatised, 373. 528.
Patriarchs of the Western Church, 384.
Paul's (St.) school library, 65.
Pax pennies of William the Conqueror,

562.
♦Peckham — "All holiday at Peckham,"

its origin, 35.
Peckwater quadrangle, 400.
Pedigrees forged, 221. 271.
Pelham (Sir John), his monument, 51.
Pepys's letters on Christ's Hospital, 199.
Perspective, 300. 378. 577.
*Petley (Elias) noticed, 105.
Pettifogger explained, 287.
Philip's (St.), Bristol, priory, 150.

Photography : —

albumenized paper, 332. 502.

albumenized process, 206. 254.

box sawdust for collodion, 358.

calotype on the sea-shore, 134.

calotype process, 16. 40. 134. 230. 502.

cameras, 571.

cameras, light in, 525. 548.

cautions, 525.

ceroleine process, 382. 429. 526.

chlorides and silver, their proportions,

358.
collodion, 156. 158. 206. 254. 406. 525.

5*9.
collodion negatives, 282.
collodion plates, 429.
Cotton made soluble, 548. 571.
Crookes (Mr.) on restoring old collo-
dion, 206.
Crystal Palace photographs, 571.
cyanide of potassium, 230. 254.
experiences in photography, 429. 456.

501.
ferricyanide of potassium, 549.
glass rod, how to be used, 62.
gun cotton, 283.
history of photographic discovery, 524.

549.
Hockin's Short Sketch for the Tyro,

16.
Hunt's specimens, 41. 182. ; his letter,

524.
hydrosulphite of soda baths, 230.
iodized paper, 62

iodized solution, 182. 230. 254. 310.
light in cameras, 525. 548.
Lyte on collodion, 156. 333.
Lyte's new instantaneous process, 570.
Mansell (Dr.), his operations, 134. 182.

207.
manuscripts copied, 83.
mounting photographs, 310. 381.
negatives multiplied, 83. 110. 502.
nitrate of silver adulterated, 111. ; test

for, 181.
photographic excursions, 407.
photographic litigation, 598.
photographic queries, 207. 282. 406.
Photographic Society's exhibition, 16.

83. 181.
positives mounted on cardboard, 332.

Photography : —

printing positives, 406.

Rembrandt, photographic copies of, 359.

sensitive collodion, 158.

silver, its recovery, 476.

slides for the magic lantern, 332.

splitting paper for photographic pur-
poses, 61.

spots on collodion pictures, 310.

stereoscopic note, 282.

tent for collodion purposes, 83.

Talbot's patents, 83. 526. 599.

Townsend's wax-paper process, 598.

Turner's paper, 41.

Towgood's paper, 110.

wax negatives, 456.

waxed-paper pictures, 182. 381. 382.
429.

Pickard family, 10. 87.

Picts' houses, 208.

*Picture queries, 198.

Hicrns , unde deriv., 324. 551.

* " Plain Dealer," original edition, 303.

Planets, recently discovered, 36.

Plantagenets, their demoniacal descent, 494.
550.

♦Plants and flowers, 421.

Plants of the months symbolised, 57.

♦Piaster casts, 126.

*Pliny's dentistry, 467.

Plowden (Edmund), his portrait, 56. 113.

*Plowden (Sir Edmund^ noticed, 301.

*Plumley (Mr.), dramatist, 516.

Plymouth calendar, 585.

Poets Laureate, notices of, 335.

Pocklington (Dr. John) noticed, 24".

Political predictions, 559.

Polygamy, 246. 329. 409.

Pope (Alex.) quoted, 469.

Pope and Dennis, 223. 516.

Pope and Macklin, 239.

Popiana, 445. 568.

Portionisls at Merton College, 301.

Portrait painters of the last century, 563.

Postage system of the Romans, 3.30. 549.

Postmasters at Merton College, 304.

Prayer, occasional forms of, 13.

Precedence, 327. 541.

Precious stones, emblematical meanings of,
37. 88. 284. 408.

♦Prelate noticed by Gibbon, 56.

Prerogative office, its exclusive constitu-
tion, 215.

Pretenders, their births and deaths, 177.
230. 572.

Pricket, its meaning, 434.

Primers of the reign of Elizabeth, 170.

" Prince Royal ' launched, 464.

♦Prints of London before the fire, 348.

♦Prints, on repairing old, 104.

Prior's epitaph on himself, 283.

♦Pronunciation of foreign names, 222.

Property, right of redeeming, 601.

Prophesying before death, 550.

♦ Prospect House, Clerkenwell, 375.

Prospectuses of works, 45.

Prototype, its misuse, 44.

Proverbs ano Phrases: —

All Holiday at Peckham, 35.

As snug as a bug in a rug, 322.

As dead as a herring, 317.

Bath : " Go to Bath," 421. .577.

Begging the question, 136. 281. 359.

Chip in porridge, 45.

Corruptio optimi est, 173.

Cui bono, 76. 159.

Cutting off with a shilling, 198.

Deus ex machina, 77.

Feather in your cap, 220. 378.

Fig : " A fig for you ! " 149.

Flea in his ear, 322.

Good wine needs no bush, 113.

Hypocrisy the homage, &c, 127.

I put a spoke in his wheel, 45. 601.

Jump for jov, 466.

Kick the bucket, 107.

Obs and sols, 176.

Paid down upon the nail, 196. 384.

Proverbs and Phrases : —

Service is no inheritance, 20. 41.
Spoke in his wheel, 45. 601.
♦To pass the pikes, 516.
♦Turk : " A regular Turk," 451.

Proverbs, unregistered, 392. 527.

♦Proxies for absent sponsors, 324.

Psalm cxxvii. 2., its translation, 107.

Psalm, the great alphabetic, 121. 376. 473.

Psalms for the chief musician, 242. 457.

♦Psychology, when first used, 271.

Publican's invitation, 448.

Publishers, a hint to, 146.

Pulpits, stone, 79.

Punctuation, errors in, 481.

Pure, its peculiar use, 527.

♦ " Purlet de Mir. Nat.," 126.

Put, its pronunciation in Ireland, 432.

Q.

Quacks, 345.

Quakers' Calendar, 589.

Quakers executed at Boston, 305. 603.

Queenborough borough debts, 448.

Quotations — in Cowper, 247. 402.

A fellow feeling makes us wondrous

kind, 301 . 402.
AH Scotia's weary days of civil strife,

589.
All went merry as a marriage bell, 399.
Bachelors of every station, 301. 402. 477.
♦Condendaque Lexica mandat Dam-
natis, 421.
Convince a man against his will, 107.
Corporations have no souls, 137.
Could we with ink, &c, 179. 256. 482.
Days of my youth, 601.
De male qua;sitis gaudet, &c, 600.
Extinctus amabitur idem, 421. 552.
Firm was their faith, »c, 17. 135.
For he that fights and runs away, 137.
Forgive, blest shade, 542.
♦He no longer shall dwell, 301.
Hie locus odit, amat, 552.
Homo unius libri, 89.
♦Had I met thee 111 thy beauty, 374.
♦Ill habits gather by unseen degrees,

301.
Man proposes, but God disposes, 87.

102. 384.
Marriage is such a rabble rout, 184-.
Offwith his head! so much for Buck-
ingham, 543.
Of whose omniscient and all-spreading

love, 301. 402.
One New Year's Day, 467. 526.
One while I think, 76. 184.
Perturbabantur Constantinopolitani,
452 576.
♦Poeta nascitur, non fit, 398.
Quid facies, facies Veneris, &c, 18. 161.
Quid levius calamo ? 301. 402.
Re* erat Elizabeth, sed erat Regina

Jaccbus, 421.
Sat cito, si sat bene, 137.
♦Sir John once said a good thing, 301.
♦Sometimes, indeed, an acre's breadth

half green, 301.
♦The clanging trumpet sounds to arms,
301.
The knights are dust, 301. 402.
The spire whose silent finger points to
heaven, 9. 8.5. 184.
♦Then what remain?, but well our
pirts to chuse, 301.
Vita crucem, et vivas, &c, 505.
Wise men labour, good men grieve, 463.
5i>3.

R.

Rain, sign of, 53.

♦Raphael's pictures, symbolism in, 589. '

Rapping no novelty, 12. 62. 200.

Rat, black, 209.

INDEX.

611

Rathlin island, in Ireland, 589.
•Rebellion of 1715, trial of the prisoners,

349.
Records, Irish, 536.
Red Cow sign, 87. 306.
Regiment, 10th, or the Prince of Wales's

Own, 85.
Registers, parochial, 590.
Reprints suggested, 171.
Repton ( Humphry), landscape-painter, 400.
*Restall, its meaning, 539.
Reversible names, 285.
•Review, designation of works under, 516.
Rhymes, French season and weather, 9.

277.
— — Irish, 575.

Rich (Lieut.. Colonel) noticed, 546.
Richard, abbot of St. Victor, 352.
Richard I. noticed, 44.
Richard III., his burial-place, 400.
Richard, King of the Romans, his arms,

185.
Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge,

493. 601.
Ridings and chaffings, 370. 578.
•Ridley (Bp.), his reply to lip. Hooper, 221.

university, 538.

Rigby correspondence, 369.
•Rileys of Forest Hill, 398.
Robinson (Lady Elizabeth) noticed, 148.

234.
Roche (James) of Cork, 217.
Rocking-stones, 561.
Roland the brave, 372. 475.
Roman roads in England, 325. 431.
Romanists conforming to the English

Church, 98.
Romford jury, 396.

Rosehill ( Lord), who was he ? 422. 519.
Rous ( William) the Scottish Psalmist, 440.

his will, 441.

•Rowe (Owen) the regicide, 449.

Rowley, Old, 235. 457. 477.

•Rubens query, 561.

Ruffins, a fish, 106.

Rush (Dr. Benjamin) noticed, 451. 603.

Russell, or Du Rozel, the house of, 416.

Russia (Emperor of) and the Order of

the Garter, 420.
Russia and Turkey, 103. 132.
Russian emperors, 222. 359.

manifesto, 463.

maps, 433.

Russians, their religion, 86.
•Rutabaga, its etymology, 399.

•Sacheverell (Dr.), his residence in the
Temple, 562.

Sack, its qualities, 272. 427.

St. Asaph, ruin near, 375.

Saladin, as described by Scott, 76. 257.

•Sale of offices in seventeenth century, 562.

•Saltcellar, its derivation, 10.

Salutations, 420.

Salutes, royal, 245.

Sanctius (Rodericus) noticed, 530.

•Sandfords of Thorpe Salvine, 303.

Sangarede, its meaning, 495.

•Sanxon (S.), the fee of, 222.

Satin, its derivation, 17.

Savage and Dennis, 223.

•Sawbridge and Knight's numismatic col-
lections, 9. ■

Saw-dust recipe, 148. 255.

"Sawles Warde," suggested to be printed,
6.

•Scarlet regimentals of the army, 55.

Schindler (Valentine) noticed, 530.

School libraries, 65.

Scotch heraldic grievance, 74. 160. 284.

•Scott (Rev. Dr.), inquiry respecting, 35.

Scott (Sir Walter) and Sir W. Napier, 53.

quoting himself, 72. 162.

Scottish airs, original words of, 245.

Screw propeller, 394. 473.

•Scroope family, 350.

Seamen's tickets, 452.

Seeker (Abp.) and George III., 447.

Selah, its meaning, 423.

Selleridge, 146.

" Semper eadem," origin of the motto, 78.

Sepulchral monuments, 514. 539. 586.

•Sermon, a short one attributed to Swift,
589.

Seven Sisters Legend, 465.

Sewell family, 86.

Sexes, their separation in church, 336.
566.

Sexton office in one family, 171. 502.

Seymour (Elizabeth), daughter of Sir Ed-
ward, 174. 313.

Shakspeare, on his descent from a landed
proprietor, 75. 154. 479.

digest on critical readings, 540.

Othello annotated, 375. 577.

Passionate Pilgrim and Griffin's Fi-

dessa, 27.
— — portrait, 571.

Rime which he made at the Mytre,

439.

Stratford Shakspeare, 90.

Sharers at theatres, 199.

•Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, letter by

him, 373.
Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, 351. 481.
Sheridan (Richard Brinsley), his patri-
mony, 447.

translation of a song in his Duenna,

59.
•Sheriff of Somersetshire in 1765, 173.
•Shippen family, 147.
Shropshire ballad, 320.
Shrove-Tuesday customs, 65. 223. 299. 324.

504.
•2/*i{«, 126.
Silo, its derivation, 42.
Simmels, a Viennese loaf, 322.
•Simmons (B.) noticed, 397.
•Skin-flint, its derivation, 34.
Skipwith (Sir Henry) noticed, 326.
Slavery in England, 98. 421.
Slaves, names of, 480.
Slow-worm superstition, 73.
Smith (Col. Michael), his family, 222. 575.
Smith families, 148. 234.
Smith (Ferdinando) of Halesowen, 285.
Smith (John), hydropathist, 395. 575.
Smoke-farthings, 513.
Snake escapes from a man's mouth, 29.

523.
Sneezing, 63. 250.
Snub, antiquity of the word, 219.
•Snush, or snish, S24.
Soldier's Discipline, 218.
Sollerets, armour for the feet, 459.

Songs and Ballads :

Barrels regiment, 63. 159. 545.

Blue Bells of Scotland, 209. 600.

Christmas ballad, 325.

Fair Rosamond, 163. 335.

Horam coram dago, 58. 186.

I could not love thee, dear, so much,

125. 208.
Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre, 56.
One New Year's Day, 467.
Shropshire ballad, 320.
Syddale's execution, 105.
Three cats sat by the fireside, 173. 286.

574.
Truth, an Apology for speaking the,

56.

Songs of Degrees, 121. 376. 473.

Sophocles, passage in, 42.

Sotades, notice of, 18.

Sounds heard at great distances, 561.

South's (Dr.) Sermons, queries on, 515. 578.

verses upon Westminster School, 28.

Souvaroff's despatch, 20.
Sovereigns dining in public, 120.
" Spanish Lady's Love," its hero, 305. 573.
Spellings (false) from sound, 113.
Spence(W. S.), his factitious pedigrees, 221.
271.

Spencer (Edward) of Rendlesham, his mar-
riage, 273.

*2^<Sij, its meaning, 541.

•Spinning-machine of the ancients, 515.

Stael (Madame de) noticed, 451. 546.

Standing at the Lord's Prayer, 127. 257-
567.

•Star and Garter, Kirkstall, 324.

Star of Bethlehem, 103.

Starvation, an Americanism, 54. 151.

•Stationers' Company and Almanac, 104.

•Stock-horn, 76.

•Stoke and Upton, 421.

•Stokes (General), his parentage, 34.

Stone-pillar worship, 535.

Storms, ominous, 494.

Stornello, 299.

Stound, as used by Spenser, 459.

Stradling (John), epigrammatist, 483.

Strawberry-Hill gem, 3.

•Suffragan bishops in Convocation, 35.

Sunday, its commencement and end, 198.
284.

Surrey Archaeological Society, 21. 433.

Swedish words current in England, 601.

Swift (Dean) and Trinity College, 244. 311.

— — an unpublished letter of, 7.

•Syddale (Thos.), ballad on his execution,
105.

Table-turning, 39. 88. 135. 201. 502. 551.

Tailless cats in the Isle of Man, 10. 111.
209. 479. 575.

Talfourd (Mr." Justice), notices of, 393.
497.

on Lamb's Elia, 269.

* " Tarbox for that," its meaning, 324.

Tavern signs, poetical, 58. 330.

Taylor (Dr. John) noticed, 137.

Teddy the Tiler, 248.

Te Deum in the Russian Church, 325. 498.

Teeth superstition, 64.

•Temperature of cathedrals, 56.

Temple (Dame Hester), her descendants,
468.

Tender, a curious one, 196.

Tenure of lands, 173. 309. 448.

Teonge (Henry), his Diary quoted, 418.

Terms, misapplication of, 44. 361. 554.

•Texts preliminary in church service, 515.

Thackeray's anachronisms, 367.

" That," a grammatical puzzle, 300.

Theodore de la Guard, 517.

Thorn's Irish Almanac, 219.

Thornton Abbey, 161.

"Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf" sign, 350.
481.

Three maids tradition, 299.

Three Pigeons inns, 331. 423. 528.

Thumb-biting, 88.

•Thurstan (Abp.), his burial-place, 172.

•Tilly, of the Westminster Courts, 35.

Tin, its early use, 64. 111.

Tippet, its derivation, 370. 430.

Tobacco-pipes, their history, 372. 546.

Tom-cat, tortoiseshell, 338.

Tonson (Mons.), its author, 530.

Tooke (Home) on the meaning of libel,

398. 575.
Tooth, on burning one with salt, 345.

the golden, 337.

Trafalgar battle, 297.

•Tremesin ( Dompe Peter) noticed, 375.

Trench on Proverbs, 107.

Trinity, the secunde Person of, 56. 114.

Triolet explained, 483.

Trogloditas, interment of, 278.

Trojan horse, 96.

•Truth, an Apology for speaking the, 56.

Truthteller newspaper, 569.

" Try and get," a vulgarism, 76. 233.

Turkey and France, 397.

and Russia, 348.

Turkish language, 352. 456.
•Turlehydes, sea-fish, 10.

612

INDEX.

v.

Uhland, the German poet, 147.

Universities, foreign, 150.

•University College, Oxford, custom at,

468.
Usher (Sir William) noticed, 576.

Vagrancy, order for its suppression, 6.

Vallancey's Green Book, 347.

Vandyke in America, 228.

Vandyking, its meaning, 452. 599.

•Vane (Lord), his collection of pictures,

171.
" Vanitatem observare," 247. 311. 385.
Varnish for old books, 423.
Vault interments, 278.
Vellum-cleaning, 17.
Vends, or Wends, 434.
Ventilation, an encyclopaedia of, 415. 524.
" Verbatim et literatim," 348. 504.
*Vere (Arthur de) noticed, 35.
*Verelst the painter, 148.
Veronica, its derivation, 537.
Verses, satirical, on the French revolution,

538.
Vessel of paper, its meaning, 401. '
Villers-en-Couche, battle of, 208.
*Villiers (Geo.), Duke of Buckingham,

scandalous letter written to, 56.
Vossioner, its meaning, 224. 334.

W.

Waestart, a provincialism, 349. 571.
Wafers, their antiquity, 376. 409.
*Wagers, celebrated, 450.
•Wallace (Albany) noticed, 323. '
•Wallace (Sir J.) and Mr. Browne, 105.
Walpole and Macaulay, 74. 159. 361.
Walters (Lucy), 171.
Walton (Joshua), clerk, 420.

Walton, the son of honest Izaak, 397.

Wandering bee, 370.

Wanley (Humphry), Baker's letter to, 7.

Wappenschau, or Lichfield Bower, 338.

Ward (Dr. John), letter to Bishop Cary,28.

Ward (Rev. Nathaniel), 517.

Wardrobe House, or the Tower Royal, 6.

Warner (William) the poet, 453.

Warple-way, its meaning, 125. 232. 478.

Warville, its derivation, 112. 209. 335. 480.

Warwick (Henry Beauchamp, Earl of ),'517.

•Warwickshire badge, 398.

Water-marks on paper, false dates on, 32.

41.
Watson (Bishop), passage in, 43.

his map of Europe, 513.

•Watson (Charles) noticed, 57.

Waugh family, 20. 64.

Waugh of Cumberland, family arms, 272.

482.
Weather-rules, 307.
Weather, social effects of the late severe,

103.
Weckerlin (George Rudolph), German

poet, 420.
Weekly Pacquet from Rome, 211. 259.
Wellesley, or Wesley, 576.
Wellington, the late Duke of, 396.
Welsh consonants, 271. 471.
Wentworth (Sir Philip), 161.
•Wesley and Wellington, their relation-
ship, 399.
Weyland Wood in Norfolk, 305.
Wheelbarrows, the inventor of, 77.
Whichcote (Dr.) and Dorothy Jordan, 351.

383.
Whipping school-boys, Latin treatise on,

148.
Whipping a lady, 419.
White (Blanco), sonnet bv, 469. 552.
•White (John) of Philadelphia, 147.
White (Samuel), his Commentary, 469.
Whitefield and Kennington Common, 367.
Whitelocke (General), 87. 201. 455.
Whitlocke's Memorials, 127.
Whitewashing in churches, 148. 286.

Whittington's stone on Highgate Hill, 397.

501.
Widderington family, 375. 550. '
Wight, the Isle of, its king, 517.
Wilbraham Cheshire MSS., 135.
Wildman (Daniel) noticed, 375. 572.
•Willesdon in Middlesex, families at, 422.
William III., works on his life and times,

542.
Williams (Griffith), Bishop of Ossory, 421.
Willow- bark in ague, 452. 571.
Wills, depository required for, 215.
Wilson (John), doctor of music, 440.
Wingfield (Sir Anthony), 86.
Wither (George), poet, 483.
Witherington (Ralph) family, 375. 550.
•Wolfe (Major-General), his MSS., 468.
Woman, lines on, 17.
Wood (Anthony a), his birthplace, 304.
Wood (Geo.) of Chester, 430.
Wooden tombs and effigies, 17, 62. 111. 457.
Word-minting, 151. 335. 529.
Worm in books, 527.
Wotton (Henry Earl of), 85.
Wotton ( Sir Henry) on the Character of a

Happy Life, 420.
Wren (Christopher) and the young carver,

20.
Wurm, its meaning in German, 63. 154.
Wylcotes' brass, 19.
Wyseman (Sir Robert), his judicial opinion,

263.

Y.

Yard measure taken from the arm of

Henry I., 200.
Yarke, its meaning, 459.
Year 1854, 197.

Yew-tree at Crowhurst, its age, 274.
York (Cardinal) noticed, 178.

Z.

Zeuxis and Parrhasius, 322.

INDEX.

613

NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS.

A. on ciss, cissle, &c, 148.

— — photographic manuscripts, 83.

A. (1.) on cassie, 574.

dates of maps, 353.

Abbott (J. T.) on Abbott families, 105.458.

grammars for public schools, 478.

A. (B. H.) on classic authors and the Jews,

385.
Abhba on An Account of an Expedition to
New Holland, 271.

Asgill on Translation to Heaven, 376.

Bibles, errata in, 391.

bribery, its first instance, 447.

— — Coleshill, custom at, 376.

Commons of Ireland, 160.

corporation enactments, 300.

Darcy of Platten, 247.

divinity professorships, 585.

equity suitors, good times for, 420.

errors of Mr. Macaulay and Sir A.

Alison, 196.
— — Irish law in the eighteenth century,

270.
— — Irish legislation, 244.
Lyon (Wm.), bishop of Cork, 192.

— Madden's Reflections and Resolutions,

199.

mutilating books, 585.

occasional forms of prayer, 406.

" Paid down upon the nail," 196.

parochial registers, 590.

— print of Dublin volunteers, 541.
Rathlin island, 589.

. Ridley's university, 538.

— separation of sexes in churches, 566.
— — Swift's antipathy to Trinity College,

244.

Thorn's Irish Almanack, 219.

Turks in Europe, &c, 542.

— vessel of paper, 401.

wafers, their antiquity, 376.

A. (C. B.) on Liber Passionis Domini nos-

tri Jesu Christi, 446.
Adams (6. E.) on Abbott families, 233.
Adams (S.) on burial service tradition, 451.
Admirer on proclamation for making mus-
tard, 450.
Sacheverell's and Lamb's residences,

562.
Advocatus on burial service tradition, 550.
A. (E. H.) on anticipatory use of the cross,
231.

Atterbury's lines on Guiscard, 395.

Burton family, 19.

curious tender, 196.

— Dr. Eleazar Duncon, 359.
Eden (Robert), 553.

fusion of the Bourbons, 323.

king of the Isle of Wight, 517.

Lodge the herald, 453.

marvellous story, 538.

Salmon's Lives of English Bishops,

175.

standing at the Lord's Prayer, 567.

A. (F. S.) on nattochiis and calchanti, 36.
Agares on Colonel Butler, 422.
A. (J. S.) on Russian Te Deum, 498.
sententious despatches, 171.

A. (L.) on green stockings, 398.

Alford (B. H.) on dogs in monumental

brasses, 126.
'AXiiu; on atonement, 504.

Chauncy, or Chancy, 286.

Crawley (Rev. John), 361.

David's mother, 42.

Defoe's quotation from Baxter, 62.

Dudley (Robert), Earl of Leicester,

160.

Faithful Commin, 578.

Hawker's Echoes from Old Cornwall,

83.

" Hovd maet of laet," 258.

Merciful Judgments of High Church,

161.

perspective, 379.

postal system of the Romans, 549.

Sir Charles Cotterell, 19.

work on ants, 528.

Allcock (Trevet) on Major Andre, 111.

Mackey (S. A.), 89.

Allcroft (J. D.) on numbers, 492.

Stoke and Upton, 421.

Alpha on abolition of government patron-
age, 466.

authors and publishers, 31.

English diplomacy v. Russian, 448.

leading articles of foreign newspapers,

218. 463.

Olympic plain, &c, 270.

Oxoniana, 300.

wheelbarrows, 77.

Alphege on inn signs, &c, 148.

A. (M.) on custom at University College,
468.

Eyre (Capt.), his drawings, 258.

pictures at Hampton Court, 20.

Shakspeare's Othello, 375.

Walpole and Macaulay, 74.

Amateur on a caution to photographers,
283.

coloured photographs, 359.

proportions of chlorides and silver, 358.

Anat. on Brown the Separatist, 573.

Lady Harington, 76.

Andreef (Dmitri) on SouvarofFs despatch,
20.

Andrews (Alex.) on remuneration of au-
thors, 404.

Irish law in the eighteenth century,

428.

A. (N. J.) on Fox (Sir Stephen), 271.

— repairing old prints, 104.
"Warville, 112. 335.

Annandale on the last Marquis of Annan-
dale, 248.

degrees in Arts, 304.

— — Mary Queen of Scots at Auchincas,

325.
Anon, on iEtna, 563.

Andre (Major), 522."

anonymous poet, 589.

assuming names, 32.

Bohn's Ordericus Vitalis, 512.

custom at Preston in Lancashire, 562.

Dinteville family, 198.

— Druidism, its history, 219.
Holy Thursday rain-water, 542.

Anon, on King John, 550.

— Laurie on Finance, 42.
longevity, 231.

— — Newton and Milton, 122.

" Service is no inheritance," 20.

screw-propeller, 394.

— — society for burning the dead, 287.
Soldier's Discipline, 218.

— Virgilian inscription, 147.

— Walpole and Macaulay, 74.

Wentworth (Sir Philip), 161.

Antiquary on Warwickshire badge, 398.
Aquarius on fountains, 516.

A. (R.) on impe, a progeny, 527.

Madame de Stael, 451.

wooden effigies, 457.

Ardelio on postal system of the Romans,
350.

prints of London before the Fire, 348.

Whitelocke (Gen.), 202.

Arterus on corporation enactments, 553.

Arthur on the Highland regiments, 493.

A. (S.) on college battel, 326.

Courtney family, 450.

inn signs, 494.

Ashton (B.) on the introduction of chess
into Britain, 224.

Aske (Philip) on Latin Dante, 467.

Atkinson (N. C.) on arch-priest in the An-
glican Church, 568.

A. (W.) on Hale's descendants, 77.

St. Paul's school library, 65.

Ayre (John) on Paleario's suppressed
work, 321.

Azure on royal arms in churches, 327.

B. «

B. on Mathew, a Cornish family, 222. 551.

— Palasologus, 572.

Sheridan's Duenna, song translated,

59.

— Smith of Nevis and St. Kitt's, 575.
B. (A.) on Elizabeth Seymour, 313.

O'Brien of Thosmond, 125. 328.

Talbot's patents, 83.

three fleurs-de-lis, 113.

wandering bee, 370.

B. (A. E.) on attainment of majority, 83. I
B. (A. F.) on De la Fond engraving, 272.

Pepys's original letters, 199.

Baker (Thomas) on Rebellion of 1715, 349.

Taylor (Dr. John), 137.

Balch (Thos.) on Fairfax (Lord), 379.

Harrison the regicide, 350.

Hayware (Richard), 373.

Ludwell : Lunsford : Kemp, 373. 1

— names of slaves, 480.

Shippen family— John White, 147.

Skipwith (Sir Henry), 326.

— Vandyke in America, 228.

Wolfe (Major-General), 468.

Balivus on ancient church usages, 567.

— view of Dumfries, 516.
Balliolensis on distances at which sounds

have been heard, 561.

— epitaph on Sir Henry St. George, 122.
Hatherleigh Moor, Devon, 538.

Logan, or rocking-stones, 561.

614

INDEX.

Balliolensis on Niagara, 573.

— Plymouth Calendar, 585.
Barnard (R. Cary) on forlorn hope, 161.
isolated, 171.

Barry (C. Clifton) on fading ink, 199.
Lament her, 173.

— medicine practice in the East, 198.
wagers, celebrated, 450.

Bass (E. G.) on inedited letter of Lord

Nelson, 344.
Bates (Wm.) on " Cui bono," 159.

— emblematic meanings of precious

stones, 88.

— execution survived, 454.

Le Compare Mathieu, 480.

" Pinch of Snuff," 408.

precious stones, 408.

B. (B.) on General Whitelocke, 455.

B. (C.) on quotation in Byron, 399.

B. (C. W.) on Cornelius a Lapide's moral

exposition, 512.
— — grammar for public schools, 81.

— Hobbes' Behemoth, 77.

Rogers's poem, " A Wish," 85.

Talfourd (Judge), his letter, 269.

B. (E.) on gutta percha made soluble, 350.
Beal (Wm.) on etymology of pettifogger,

288.
Bealby (H. M.) on Mr. Justice Talfourd,
393.

— Whitefield and Kennington Common,
367.

Bede (Cuthbert) on anachronisms, 367.

— ague charm, 242.
bothy, 432.

hour-glass stand, 64.

— inscriptions on bells, 593.

— inscriptions on old pulpits, 31.
literary curiosities, 31.

— parallel passages, 346.

sexton office in one family, 502.

Bee (Tee) on errata in Nichols's Collec-
tanea, 371.

— heraldic anomaly, 430.

— Fowe the regicide, 449.

— Whittington's stone on Hieheate-
hill,397.

Bell (J.) on Shakspeare's inheritance, 479.
Betula on Latin treatise on whipping 148
B. (F. C.) on Roland the brave, 476.
B. (F. R.) on origin of clubs, 327.
B. (G. M.) on Dr. Johnson, 467.
B. (H.) on echo poetry, 51.

ridings and chaffings, 578.

B. (H. F.) on mantel-piece, 385.

saltcellar, a corruption, 10..

warple-way, 479.

Bibliothecar. Chetham. on Bradford's writ.

ings, 552.
— - Cassiterides, 111.

— Celtic and Latin languages, 356.
Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium

252. 518.

" De male quaesitis," &c, 600.

vault interments, &c, 278.

Billington (G. H.) on tavern signs, 330.

Bingham (C. W.) on Greek denounced bv
the monks, 600.

sneezing, 250.

Bingham (Richard) on literary queries.
197. '

B. (J.) on ancient tenure of lands, 173.

Chadderton of Nuthurst, 30a

" Cant," its origin, 103.

Sandford of Thorpe Salvine, 303.

B. (J. B.) on numismatic collections, 9.

B. (J. C.) on Gen. Fraser, 161.

B. (J. H.) on atonement, 271.

— — brass in All Saints, Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, 273. *^

«— ■ coincidences, 466.

— — coronation custom, 453.

Herbert's Church Porch, 566.

holy-loaf money, 256.

wooden tombs and effigies, 111.

B. (J. M.) on arm of Edward I., 200.

Coleridge's Christabel, 529.

Fair Rosamond, 335.

■ Juniper letter, 224.

B. (J. O.) on Brougham and Home Tooke,
575.

— false spellings from sound, 113.

Leslie and Dr. Middleton, 575.

Petley (Elias), 105.

B. (J. R.) on Lewis's Memoirs of the Duke

of Gloucester, 542.
B. (M. A.) on Atherstone family, 221.
B. (N.) on table-turning, 135.
Bobart (H. T.) on Crabbe manuscripts, 35.
Bockett (Julia R) on anecdote of George

IV., 244.

" Bachelors of every station," 477.

clock at Alderley, 269.

— — female dress, 502.

Hale (Sir Matthew), his descendants,

160.

" Three cats sat," &c, 173.

Boole (G.) on conjunctions joining propo-
sitions, 180.
Borderer on Sir Walter Scott's quotations,

72.
Bowmer (C.) on yew-tree at Crowhurst, 274.
B. (P.) on books on bells, 310.
Braybrooke(Lord) on Hoby family, 58.

Old Rowley, 477.

Breen (Henry H.) on " Corporations have

no souls," &c, 284.
— — English school of painting, 220.

*' Les Lettres Juivee," 160.

" Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre," 56.

— Napoleon's spelling, £03.
Obs and sols, 176.

political predictions, 559.

Prior's epitaph on himself, 283.

— - Prophets : Francis Dobbs, 71.

— reversible names, 285.
Warville, 209.

Brent (Fras.) on acrostic in Ash Church,
146.

tavern signs, 331.

Brent (J.) on Churchill's grave, 123.

B. (R. H.) on epitaphs, 54.

Bridger (Charles) on Edward Spencer's
marriage, 273.

Bristoliensis on " Paid down upon the
nail," 384.

Briton (A.) on burial of Richard III., 400.

Brockie (William) on Jean Bart's descent
on Newcastle, 451.

Broctuna on Geneva arms, 44.

Henry, Earl of Wotton, 85.

Brookthorpe on mediaeval furniture, 80.

— — " Good wine needs no bush," 113.

— — stone pulpits, 79.

Brown (Charles) on myrtle-bee, 505.

Brown (J. W.) on monumental brasses in
London, 200.

Norman towers in London, 222.

Browning (Oscar) on the Emperor of Rus-
sia and the Garter, 420.

Bruce (John) on order for suppressing
vagrancy, 6.

B. (R. W.) on " All holiday at Peckham,"
35.

Bryce (J. P.) on Bruce, Robert I., 452.

B. (S.) on Manx cats, 575.

Buckton (T. J.) on the alphabetic psalm,
121.

Artesian wells, 283.

Regging the question, 136.

Celtic language, 492.

— Cephas, a binder, and not> rock, 500.
eternal life, 122.

Lichfield bower or wappenschau, 338.

money, its value in the seventeenth

century, 478.

polygamy, 329.

psalms for the chief musician, 242.

Russian " Justice," 74.

Russian Te Deum, 498.

Songs of Degrees, 473.

" JZipitiri," its meaning, 541.

standing at the Lord's Prayer, 567.

star of Bethlehem, 103.

Talfourd (Mr. Justice), 394.

— ventilation, 524.

B. (W. S.) on B. L. M., 43.

C. on fusion in France, 431.
George IV., anecdote of, 431.

— King James's Irish Army List, 544.

— Lord Mayor not a privy councillor,

158.

Nelson's inedited letter, 337.

Roman roads in England, 431.

screw propeller, 473.

— Swift (Dean), his suspension, 311.
Warville (Brissot de), 480.

C. de D. on blackguard, 503.

double christian names, 359.

goloshes, 471.

C. (A.) on hand in Brighton Church, 148.
C. (A. B.) on Genesis iv. 7., 371.
Camelodunensis on three fleurs-de-lys, 225.
Cantab on Buonaparte's abdication, 54.

" violet-crowned" Athens, 575.

Cantianus on Lovelace's Lucasta, 208. '

old Mereworth Castle, 124.

Carnatic on " Cui bono," 159.
Carruthers (R.) on Popiana, 568.
Causidicus on lawyers' bags, 20.
C. (B. H.) on Aristotle, 529.

Charles I. at Little Woolford, 219.

Cephas, a binder, and not a rock, 500.

Cicero quoted, 111.

classic authors and the Jews, 221.

epitaphs, 369.

goloshes, 470.

— — Greek denounced by the monks, 600.

— page, its derivation, 106.

Passion of our Lord dramatised, 528.

— psalms in the Syriac version, 457.

— Stationers' Company and Almanac,

104.

table-turning, 201. 551.

termination "-by," 136. 523.

Whole Duty of Man, its author, 551.

" Wise men labour," 553.

C. (E.) on willow-bark in ague, 452.
Celcrena on " to try and get," 233.

Verelst the painter, 148.

Cervus on burial in erect posture, 279.

— custom of the London corporation, 34.

standing at the Lord's Prayer, 127. i

Cestriensis on Lord Bacon, 76.

Geo. Villiers, Duke of Buckingham,

56.
Ceyrep on door-head inscription, 89.
pretenders, their births and deaths,

177.

weather rhymes, 9.

C. (F.) on Cornwalls of London, 304.
C. (G. A.) on factitious pedigrees, 275.

gravestone inscriptions, 270.

Chadwick (John Nurse) on J. Farrington,

R. A, 467.
Charlecote on inheritance, 155.
Chateau (J. H.) on " cutting off with a

shilling," 198.

" Fig for you," 149.

C. (H. B.) on aches, 409.

American poems imputed to English

authors, 377.

Barrel's regiment, 63.

— ■ Cranmer's martyrdom, 392. 590.
demoniacal descent of the Plantage-

nets, 494.

German coloured engravings, £65.

gossiping history, 239.

Hardman's account of Waterloo, 176.

impossibilities of history, 392. 590.

Leslie and Dr. Middleton, 324.

Mackey's Theory of the Earth, 179.

Madame de Stael, 546.

C. (H. C.) on Hoby family, 19.

Hodgson's translation of the Atys of

Catullus, 19.

— Keate family, 19.

three fleurs-de-lys, 84.

Cheverells on " abscond," 347.

right of refuge in church porch, 325.

Cid on armorial queries, 398.
canting arms, 146.

— Fawell arms and crest, 374.
Griesbach arms, 350.

INDEX.

615

Cid on Smiths and Robinsons, 234.

— — Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf, 350.

C. (J.) on Bishop Atterbury, 395.

lavidian, a fish, 398.

■ saw-dust recipe, 255.

C. (J. T.J on Merry weather's Tempest Prog-

nosticator, V73.
Clarus on ambiguity in writing, 52.
Clazey (James O.) on tent for collodion

purposes, 83.
Clericus on Captain Latinized, 543.
Clericus (D.) on Burton family, 183.
Clericus Rusticus on nuggets, 232.
C. (L. S.) on illustrated Bible, ar»2.
C. (M. J.) on General Whitelocke, 456.
C. (N.) on recovery of silver, 476.
Cokely on splitting photographic paper,

61.
Cole (Henrietta M.) on May-day custom,

516.
Coleman (F.) on " Ded. Pavli," 302.
Collis (Thomas) on T. Collis and J. Clen-

don, 57.
Collyns (W.) on lines on Edward Law,

396.
Comes Stabuli on constable of Masham,

198.
Conder (Alfred) on Quakers executed at

Boston, 305.
Constant Reader on London fortifications,

207.
Cook (J.) on collodion, 525.
Cooper (C. H.) on books burnt by the

common hangman, 226. 426.
— - caps at Cambridge, 130.

i Hobbes' Behemoth, 332.

Cooper (Thompson) on Irish letters, 361.

— — Three Pigeons inn, 528.

Cooper (Wm. Durrant) on Rev. John

Waugh, 64.
Corbie on Corbet family, 515.
Corner (G. R.) on Robert Brown, 494.
Corney (Bolton) on Conduitt and Newton,

195.
— — Dryden on Shakspeare, 95.

Encyclopaedia of ventilation, 415.

— . Strawberry-Hill gem, 3.
Cowley (H. C.) on spots on collodion pic-
tures, 310.
Cpl. on bell at Rouen, 529.

— binding of old books, 401.

Greek denounced by the monks, 467.

survival of execution, 455.

Theodore de la Guard, 517.

word-minting, 529.

C. (R.) on marriage ceremony in fourteenth
century, 33.

C. (R E.) on Lowth of Sawtrey : and Ro-
bert Eden, 374.

C. (R. E. G.) on Leicester as ranger of
Snowdon, 353.

Crookes (Wm.) on restoring old collodion,
206.

Crosfield (Thos.) on Russian emperors,
222.

Crossley (Francis) on Button Cap, 272.

cassiteros, its etymology, 64.

— Celtic etymology, 136.

— Silo, its etymology, 42.

Crossley (James) on epigram on Handel

and Bononcini, 550.
C. (R W.) on bell inscription, 593.
C. (S. G.) on coronation stone, 328.

Herefordshire folk lore, 242.

■ inheritance, 155.

oaths, 403.

sexton office in one family, 171.

C. (T.) on quotation from Hudibras, &c.,

107.
C. (T. Q.) on " Myself," 430.
Ctus (1.) on ancient tenure of lands, 309.
Cunningham (Peter) on the black-guard,

15.
Currey (G.) on Admiral Hopson, 172.
C. (W.) on Amontillado sherry, 474.
longevity in the Society of Friends,

243.
Cymro on consonants in Welsh, 471.

D,

D. on dates of published works, 148.

" Plain Dealer," 303.

Quakers' calendar, 589.

Dale (S. Pelham) on ferricyanide of potas-
sium, 549»
D'Alton (John) on James I.'s Irish army

list, 30. 401.
Darling (James) on Encyclopaedia Biblio-

graphica, 526.
Daveney (Henry* on Belgium ecclesiastical

antiquities, 386.
Davies (F. R.) on Clare legends, 73. 145.

490.

cure for hydrophobia, 322.

Dawson (J.) on S. A. Mackey, 179.

D. (B.) on sack, 427.

D. (C. H.) on the " Commons of Ireland,"

35.
D. (D.) on Dr. Eleazar Duncon, 56,
D. (E.) on Anna Lightfoot, 233.
— Chamisso, 396.

Cornwall family, 576.

heraldic query, 325.

John of Gaunt, 576.

Monaldeschi, 233.

Quakers executed in North America,

603.

Walton (Josh ), 4-20.

Walton (Mr. Canon), 397.

whipping a lady, 419.

Deck (Norris) on parallel ideas from poets,

121.
D. (E. H. D.) on Hoby family, 231..
De la Pryme (C.) on Copernicus' inscrip-
tion, 553.

" Perturbabintur," 576.

" Poscimus in vita," &c , 87.

De Mareville (Honore) on Blue Bells of

Scotland, 600.

Clarence dukedom, 85.

Gentile names of the Jews, 374.

Gosling family, 82.

holy-loaf money, 5*i8.

" La Langue Pandras," 334.

right of redeeming property, 602.

slow-worm superstition, 73.

Te Deum in the Russian service, 325.

thumb-biting, 88.

tortoiseshell tom-cat, 338.

Denton (Wm.) on double Christian names,

232.
Lord Brougham and Home Tooke,

575.

Whitelocke (Gen.), 202.

Devoniensis on three fleurs-de-lys, 35.

D. (F.) on Major Andre, 520.

D. (G.) on Herbert's poem on Hope, 541.

saw-dust recipe, 148.

whapple or wappleway, 232.

D. (H. W.) on the Alibenistic order of

Freemasons, 56.

monster found at Maidstone, 106.

paper water-mark dates, 32.

Diamond (Dr. H. W.) on calotype process,

40.

double iodide solution, 230.

mounting positives, 381.

sensitive collodion, 158.

Dixon (R. W.) on Dixon of Beeston, 221.
D. (J.) on Barmecides feast, 543.

Wallace, the dramatist, 323.

D. (J. W. S.) on freemasonry, 542.
D. lL. C.) on arms of Geneva, 110.
D. (M.) on Burton's Anatomy, 333.

Lyra Apostolica, 407.

unfinished works, 258.

D'O. (C. B.) on Longfellow's Reaper, 63.

Paley's plagiarisms, 64.

wurm, in German, 63.

Dobson(Wm.) on churches in Domesday

Book, 355.
D. (Q.) on voisonier, 335.
D. (R. W.) on Dixon's Yorkshire Dales,

148.

D. O. M., 137.

D. (S.) on pedigrees to the time of Alfred,

233.

D. (S.) on pictures from Lord Vane's col-
lection, 171.

Duane (William) on Sheridan's patrimony,
447.

Dunkin (A. J.) on ancient tenure of lands,
448.

Durandus on portrait painters, 563.

Duthus on glass rod, 62.

D. (W. B.) on detached church towers, 20.

Dymond (Geo.) on Longfellow, 425.

Turkey and France, 397.

E

E. (A.) on Pope, 469.

Eastwood (J.) on " Go to Bath," 577.

" Perturbabantur," 576.

Ed. on Turner's paper, 41.
Edwards (H.) on short sermon, 589.
E. (F. E.) on blackguard boy, 154.

quotations, 402.

E. (F. S. B.) on sepulchral monuments,

587.
E. (H.) on Anglo-Saxon graves, 494.

City commission, 77.

Eirionnach on legends respecting bees, 167.

carronade, 408.

Catholic Floral Directories, 568.

children crying at their birth, 343.

Christ-cross row, 162.

" Homo unius libri," 89.

— inscriptions on bells, 595.

— life 591.

life'and death, 296.

man in the moon, 184.

productions of different carcases, 227.

Roche (John) of Cork, 217.

Elcock (B. S.) on pedigree to time of Al-
fred, 552.

Ellacombe (H. T.) on arch-priest in the
diocese of Exeter, 312.

bell at Rouen, 233.

bell literature, 240.

inscriptions on bells, 595.

ecclesiastical usages, 257.

Rous the Scottish psalmist, 440.

Ellfyn ap Gwyddno on Eden pedigrees,
175.

Leicester as ranger of Snowdon, 125.

St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, 107.

Elliot (R. W.) on dog-whipping day in
Hull, 64.

Ellis (Sir Henry) on letters of eminent li-
terary men, 7. 28.

Ellum on Clarke's Charts of the Black Sea,
456

Erica on " Corporations have no souls,"
431.

Eryx on German tree, 65.

Escutcheon on Heralds' College, 248.

Evans (Lewis) on City commission, 84.

E. (W. P.) on Halcyon days, 2+9.

St. Blaise at Norwich, 353.

Teddy the Tiler, 248.

Experto Crede on gutta percha, 527.

F. on Ansareys in Mount Lebanon, 169.
Fairfax Kinsman on Lord Fairfax, 380.
Falstaffon sack, 272.
Farrer (J. W.) on bellman at Newgate, 565.

burial in erect posture, 279.

Duke of Wellington, 396.

— epigram on four lawyers, 103.

" spires, whose silent finger," &c, 184.

F. (C.) on Capt. Farre, 32.

F. (C. E.) on albumenized process, 206. 332.

— calotype process, 16.

— — hyposulphite of soda baths, 230.

— _ printing positives, 406.

F (E) on letters of Irish, Anglo-Saxon,

&c. 246.
Ferguson (J. F.) on chattel property in

Ireland, 394.
Duval family, 285.

616

INDEX.

Ferguson (J. F.) on Irish records, 536.

— Nugent's (Earl) poems, 149.
oaths, 61. 403.

Rigby correspondence, 369.

— " To jump for joy," 46t>.
Ferrey (Benj.) on perspective, 373.
F. (H. B.) on Roland the brave, 476.
Fisher (P. H.) on grammars for public

schools, 8.
Fitch (J. G.) on sneezing, 63.
Fitzroy (Lord John) on Copernicus, 447.
F. (J. F.) on French refugees, 516.
F. (M. R.) on George III., 447.
Fogie (Old) on muffins and crumpets, 77.
Forbes ^C.) on Byron and Rochefoucauld,
553.

classic authors and the Jews, 478.

'• Quid facies, fades Veneris," 18.

. Watson's map of Europe, 513.

Forbes (Edward) on Manx cats, 112.
Foss (Edward) on Edward Bloet, 181.

— clubs, their origin, 383.
legal customs, 41.

Fox (George) on Abp. Thurstan's burial-
place, 172.

Fraser (Archibald) on mousehunt, 385.

Fraser (Malcolm) on the Bristol Backs,
517.

Fraser (W.) on "aches " a dissyllable, 571.

arch-priest at Exeter, 105. 185.

Bishop Atterbury's portrait, 163.

books burnt by the hangman, 227.

Convocation and the Propagation So-
ciety, 574.

— — Dominus, at Cambridge and Oxford,
222.

Herbert (Sir Anthony), 285.

orange blossoms, 527.

perpetual curates in convocation, 351.

proverbs unregistered, 527.

— suffragan bishops in convocation, 35.

symbolism in Raphael's pictures, 589-

Frere(Geo. E) on Garrick's funeral epi-
gram, 529.

rubric in the Holy Communion, 566.

Frideswide on Purlet de Mir. Nat., 126.
Furvus on Bunyan's descendants, 223.
F. (W. D.) on acrostic on John Glanvill,
322.

F. (VV. M.) on the Pax pennies, 562.

G.

G. on canting arms, 256.

Clarence dukedom, 45.

Francis Browne, 41.

Leeming Hall, 351.

prospectuses, 45.

quotations from Horace, 552.

Scotch grievance, 284.

" Semper eadem," motto, 78.

T. on criminals restored to life, 282.

G. (A.) on letter of the Countess of Bless-

ington, 268.
Gantillon (P. J. F.) on ballad on Thos.
Syddale, 105.

Calves' Head Club, 88.

Cambridge mathematical questions,

338.

Cromwellian gloves, 538.

Greek epigram, 89.

quotations wanted, 421.

tavern signs, 331.

Gardner (J. D.) on the conventional term

miser, 12.
Gatty ( Alfred) on " A feather in your cap,"
220.

Amontillado sherry, 222.

heiress of Haddon Hall, 452.

martyrs feeling pain, 246.

polygamy, 330.

Shrove Tuesday, 504.

G. (C.) on coin of Carausius, 148.
G. (C. M ) on Christmas ballad, 325.
George of Minister on the Legend of the

Seven Sisters, 465.
G. (F.) on monumental brasses, 268.

Sir G. Felbrigge's brass, 326.

G. (F. J.) on judges' black cap, 399.

G. (H.) on arms of Richard, King of the
Romans, 185.

— — Lord Fairfax, 156. 572.

Whittington's stone, 501.

G. (H. T.) on forlorn hope, 161.

miser, 161.

nightingale and thorn, 162.

— — starvation, 152.

Thornton Abbey, 161.

Gill (Thomas) on Osmotherley, in York-
shire, 152.

Widdrington family, 550.

Gillott (Mordan) on Longfellow's Hype-
rion, 495.

G. (J) on heraldic bearings, 480.

Plowden's portrait, 113.

G. (J. M.) on Griffin's Kidessa, 27.

G. (J. R.) on book inscriptions, 122.

broom at mast-head, 518.

inscription at Llangollen, 513.

Songs of Degrees, 376.

G. (J. W. G ) on Prospect House, Clerken-
well, 375.

Tremesin's portrait, 375.

G. (L.) on General Whitelocke, 455.

Glan Tywi (Uwilym) on consonants in
Welsh, 471.

Gloucestrensis on the use of pure, 527.

Glywysydd on the Red Cow sign, 87.

Godwin (E. W.) on De Gurney pedigree,
324.

St. Philip's, Bristol, 150.

Goedes de Gruter (Professor) on high and
low Dutch, 132.

Goldencross on Clarence dukedom, 224.

Gole (Russell) on attainment of majority,
18.

inheritance, 154.

Lawless Court, Rochford, 11.

Gondola on Canaletto's views round Lon-
don, 106.

Gordon (G. J. R.) on bell inscriptions, 109,

Gough (H.) on books burnt, by the hang-
man, 227.

hunting bishops, 432.

G. (R.) on Bingham's Antiquities, 308.

Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium,

252.

Grantham on calotype negatives, 502.

Graves (James) on John Bale, Bishop of
Ossory, 324.

De Rous family, 222.

Dutch East India Company, 98.

Griffith (Win.), Bishop of Ossory, 421.

Graves (J. T.) on books burnt by the hang-
man, 227.

table-turning in early times, 88.

Green (E. Dyer) on bell inscriptions, 109.

Green (Joseph Henry) on Coleridge's un-
published MSS., 543.

Grimalkin on nursery rhyme, 286.

G. (R. H.) on Consolato del Mare, 271.

— " Vanitatem observare," 247. 311.
G. (S. C.) on the origin of etiquette, 106.
G. (S. E.) on foreign orders, 10.
Gunner (W. H.) on Gower's marriage

licence, 487.

— queries on Sonth's Sermons, 515.
Gwillim on the Blechenden family, 422.

II.

H. on Caricature ; A Canterbury Tale, 351.

German engravings, 57.

" I could not love thee," &c, 125.

medal of Chevalier St. George, 311.

motto on old damask, 11.

sheriff of Somersetshire in 1765, 173.

H. of Morwenstow on Carol for the Kings,
53.

legend of the hive, 231.

lines on life and death, 481.

Sunday, its commencement and end-
ing, 284.
Halle (Dr. H. F.) on botanic names, 537.
Halliwell (J. O.) on critical readings in

Shakspeare, 540.
Shakspeare a landed proprietor, 75.

Hammack (J. T.) on Longfellow, 424.

H. (A. O.) on mistranslation in Hoveden,

113.
Hardwick (C.) on Consilium Delectorum

Cardinalium, 380.
Harris (John Win.) on the asteroids, &c,

129.
Harry (James Spence) on battle of Villers-
en-Couche, 208.

General Whitelocke, 201.

Hart (Percy M.) on female parish clerks,

162.
Hartley (Leonard L.) on poets-laureate,

335.
Hartly (L.) on Lord Mayor a privy coun-
cillor, 137.
Harvardiensis on anonymous works, 244.
Hassan on the Turkish language, 352.
Hawker (R. S.) on " Firm was their faith,"

135.
Hawkins (Edward) on Scotch grievance,

160.
Hawkins (John) on ominous storms, 494.
Hayes (Geo.) on Pliny's dentistry, 467.
Hayman (Samuel) on corporation enact-
ment, 528.
— — passage in Sophocles, 42.

Roland the brave, 476.

wurm, in modern German, 154.

Hazel (W.) on ancient church usages, 567.

mousehunt, 602.

myrtle-bee, 602.

" jPutting a spoke in his wheel," 601.

H. (C.) on Board of Trade, 562.

Brown (Sir Adam and Sir Ambrose),

564.

cabbages, 424. 57(5.

Dublin maps, 174.

sale of offices in seventeenth century,

562.
Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave's letter,

373.
value of money in the seventeenth

century, 375.

voisonier, 334.

H 1. (C.) on demoniacal descent of the

Plantagenets, 550.

wapple, or whapple-way, 232.

H 2. (C.) on Longfellow, 255.
H. (D.) on Kresick and Kreswick, 174.
H. (E.) on Barrel's regiment, 159.
Dr. Bragge, 126.

— " Had I met thee in thy beauty," 374.

Knight's Quarterly Magazine, 103.

H. (E. C.) on Celtic etymology, 40. 205.
Hele ( Henry) on albumenized paper, 254.
Dr. Mansell's process, 182.

mounting of photographs, 381.

Hesleden (William S.) on the fifth Lord
Byron, 232.

Hewett (J. W.) on columbarium in a
church tower, 541.

ancient usages of the Church, 566. 567.

H. (F.) on Burke's domestic correspon-
dence, 207.

H. (F. C.) on Butler's Lives of the Saints,
360.

Catholic Bible Society, 111.

" Could we with ink," tec., 482.

dogs in monumental brasses, 249.

hour-glasses and pulpit inscription,135.

inn signs, 251.

Kirkpatrick's Norwich MSS., 564.

marmortinto, or sand-painting, 217.

mawkin, 601.

" Ned o' the Todding." 135.

progress of the war, 538.

Roman Catholic patriarchs, 384.

Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, 481.

Three Crowns and a Sugar-loaf, 481.

H. (H.) on Talbot's patents, 83.

Hibberd (Shirley) on gutta percha, 527.

tailless cats in the Isle of Man, 10.

willow-bark in ague, 571.

Higgins (Wm.) on female parish clerk, 432.

H. (J.) on Cranmer's martyrdom, 547.

H. (J. A.) on " What is truth ?" 466. .

word-minting, 335.

Hoare (G. T.) on perspective, 300. 577.

INDEX.

617

Hockin (J. B ) on cyanide of potassium, 230.
Hodges (Geo ) onbranks, orgossips'bridles,

149.
Hooper (Richard) on plea for the City
churches, 51.

reprints of early Bibles, 487.

2/*s«x, 126.

Hospes on Grescbrok, in Yorkshire, 285-
Howlett (VV. E.) on right of refuge in

church porch, 597.
H. (P. A.) on " Perturbabantur," 577.
H. (R.) on papyrus, specimen wanted, 222.

Vallancey's Green Book, 347.

H. (T. B. B.) on tavern signs, 331.
Hu freer on Hunter of Polmood, 193.
Hughes (T. ) on Edward Brerewood, 173.

— brothers of the same Christian name,

43.

— Cobb family, 409.

double Christian names, 359.

. Inman family, 35,3.

— Milton's widow, 225.

parochial libraries, 186.

Wood of Chester, 430.

Hunt (Robert) on photographic studies, 182.
Husenbeth (Dr F. C.) on Lyra's Com-
mentary, 503.

" Vanitatem observare," 385.

Hutchinson (P.O.) on bell Inscriptions, 592.
H. (W.) on anecdotes of George IV., 338.
H. (W. D.) on hour-glass in pulpits, 253.

m ister of the nails, 36.

H. (W. W.) on Henry IV. of France, 106.
Hypatia on translation from Goldsmith, 59.

I. (B. R.) on Culet, 3a
I. (E W.) on Longfellow, 256.
Ignoramus on an imperfect Bible, 273.
Indian Subscriber on coronation stone, 123.
Ingleby (C. Mansfield) on begging the

question, 284.
— Cambridge Apparition Society, 150.
Cambridge mathematical questions,

184.

Coleridge's Christabel, 455.

Coleridge's unpublished MSS., 496.591.

designation of works under review,

516.
— — eliminate, its correct meaning, 119.
■ grammar in relation to logic, SI.

" initiative " and "psychology," 271.

Job xix. 26., 303.

newspaper folk lore, 276.

perspective, 379.

proverbs, unregistered, 392.

Inquest on Humphry Repton, 400.
Inquirer on Benjamin Rush, 451.
Investigator on ruin near St. Asaph, 375.

chintz gowns, 397.

— — Irish law in the eighteenth century,

427.

varnish for old books, 423.

Iota on Cambridge mathematical questions,

Ith. on B. Simmons, 397.

J.

J. on florins and the royal arms, 59.

garlands, broadsheets, &c , 347.

Kynoch as a surname, 1+8.

Jacob (Eustace W.) on battle of the gnats,

303.

folk lore, 299.

Hampshire folk lore, 446.

— - Nelson's inedited letter, 241.

James on a female aide-major, 397-

James (John) on apparition of the white

lady, 431.

domestic chapels, 219.

female parish clerk, 431.

Jarltzberg on party similes of the seven-
teenth century, 96.
Jaydee on blackguard, 503.
Jaytee on Ralph Ashton, 272. 325.

J. (C.) on Granby sign, 360.

John Locke, 493.

Jesson (Augustus) on Honoria, daughter
of Lord Denny, 451.

J. (E. VV.) on hay-bread recipe, 325.

hydrop ithy, 395.

salutations, 420.

tolling bell on leaving church, 312.

J. (G.) on tailless cats, 480.

J. (H.) on survival of execution, 454.

willow-bark in ague, 572.

J. (J. C. ) on the Passion of our Lord dra-
matised, 529.

J. (J. W.) on parallel passages, 346.

J. (L.) on waestart, 571.

John o' the Ford on an anagram, 42.

death-warnings in ancient families, 55.

heraldic anomaly, 298.

Morant family, 250.

publican's invitation, 448.

> termination " -by," 523.

three fleurs-de-lys, 2-25.

Johnson (Goddard) on Cris-cross row, 457.

inscriptions on bells 596.

right of refuge in church porch, 597.

J. (P.) on " Luke's iron crown," 57.

J. (T.) on Caldecott's New Testament, 600.

Juverna on brothers of the same Christian
name, 185.

Elstob family, 553.

recent curiosities of literature, 136.

475.

J. (VV.) on the salubrity of Hallsal, 495.

K.

K. on Charta Hen. II., 323.

licences to crenellate, 276.

whitewashing in churches, 148.

K. (C. F.) on hospital of John of Jerusa-
lem, 451.

Kelly (Wm.) on criminals restored to life,
280. ■

inn signs, 252.

whitewashing in churches, 286.

K. (G. H.) on derivation of Silo, 42.

K. (J.) on Berkhampstead records, 56.

Fleet prison officers, 76.

Francklyn Household Book, 422.

Guye, or Gye, of the Temple, 35.

Tilly of the Westminster Courts, 35.

Wil'esdon in Middlesex, 422.

K. (J. M.) on manuscript catena, 33.

K. (L. P.) on Authors' Trustee Society,
269.

Knight (J.) on Cobb family, 409.

L. on Aristotle on living Law, 457.

Cowper, quotations in, 247.

garble, 360.

inscription on Lindsey Courthouse,

552. 602.

mawkin, 385.

Page, its etymology, 255.

paper water-marks, 75.

— UicrTis, its derivation, 551.

polygamy, 409.

postage system of the Romans, 549.

Vandyking, 539.

" Vanitatem observare," 386.

A. on scarlet regimentals, 55.

L. (1.) on Darwin on Steam, 408.

L. (A.) on wurm, in modern German, 154.

I.aicus on sangarede, 495.

Lammin (W. H.) on Grammont's Memoirs,

204. 356. 584.
Lamont (C. D.) on carronade, its deriva-
tion, 246.

Greenock fair, 242,

mantel-piece, 302.

Scottish female dress, 271.

Lancastriensis on Alva^ portrait, 158.

Sir Matthew Hale's descendants, 160.

Lane(Harley) on waxed-paper pictures,

182.

Lathbury (Thomas) on Primers temp.
Queen Elizabeth, 170.

Lawrie (James) on Benjamin Rush, 603.

L. (C.) on Mr. Plum ley, 516.

L. (C. P.) on Lemying of Burneston, 325.

L. (D.) on society for burning the dead, 76.

Leachman (J.) on deepening collodion ne-
gatives, 282.

double iodide solution, 182.

— — nitrate of silver, 181.

Leachman (Francis J.) on classic authors
and the Jews, 384.

L (E. H. M.) on the cassock, 479.

Levton on mother of thirty children, 419.

L. "(G. R.) on Celtic in Devon, 373.

— — Dorset, a beverage, 311.

L. (H.) on Hoglandia, 362.

retainers of seven shares and a half,

199.

L. (J.) on life and death, 481.

L. (J. H.) on Bp. Andrews' sermons, 350.

Politian's epitaph, 62.

L. (L. B.) on wafers, 410.

" Wise men labour," &c, 468.

Llewelyn (J. D.) on photographic expe-
rience, 456.

L. (L. L.) on inscriptions on buildings, 492.

L. (Ma.) on lines on Woman, 17.

Loccan on heraldic query, 271.

Locke (J.) on Russia and Turkey, 103.

Wallace (Sir J.) and Mr. Browne,

105.

Lodbrok on Earl of Glencairn, 452.

Londoner on newspaper folk lore, 29.

L. (R.) on standing at the Lord's Prayer,

257.
L. (T. P.) on Lysons' MSS., 57.

Maisterson's Lords' descents, 76.

Luccus on rutabaga, 399.

Lux in Camera on photographic cautions,

525.
Lyte (F. Maxwell) on collodion, 157.
new instantaneous process, 570.

M.

M. on starvation, 152.

p.. on arms and motto of Col. William
Carlos, 10.

M. (2) on charade on Whitelocke, 458.

Christopher Wren and the young

carver, £0.

newspaper folk lore, 277.

non-recurring diseases, 38.

M. A. (Balio/) on Somersetshire folk lore,
536.

M. (A. C.) on Aska or Asca, 488.

Enareans, 101.

" Feather in your cap," 378.

MacCulloch (Edgar) on De Beauvoir pedi-
gree, 596.

French season rhymes, 277.

hand-bells at funerals, 478.

mantel-piece, 576.

meals, meols, 553.

separation of sexes in churches, 336.

weather rules, 307.

Mackenzie (Kenneth R. H.) on ancient
American languages, 194.

Macrav (John) on Brydofle the tourist,
138. 305.

Cunningham (Mr. P.), 75.

electric telegraph, 360.

Fata Morgana, 267-

La Rochefoucauld, 320.

occasional Forms of Prayer, 13.

Olympic Plain, 526.

Russell, or Du Rozel, the house of,

416.

Russia, Turkey, and the Black Sea,

132.

Turkey and Russia, 348.

table-turning, 39.

Wotton (Sir Henry), his " Character

of a Happy Life," 420.

Madden (Sir Frederick) on the" Ancren
Riwle," 5.

618

INDEX.

Maitland (Dr. S. R.) on Bunyan's MS&,

104.
— — rapping no novelty, 12.
M'AUister (W. G.) on pedigree of Capt.

Cook, 423.
Mansel (H. L.) on conjunctions joining

propositions, 279.

gravelly wax negatives, 456.

Mansell (M. L.) on the calotype on the

sea-shore, 134.
Mansell (T. L.) on double iodide solution,

310.

photographic experience, 501.

Margoliouth (Moses) on Cephas, a binder,

and not a rock, 338.

Job xix. 26., 428.

— — Psalm cxxvii. 2., its translation, 107.
Mariconda on a hint to publishers, 146.

1 reprints suggested, 171.

Markland (J. H.) on Addison's Hymns,

424.
— — Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken,

258.
Marsh (J. F.) on grammars for public

schools, 209.

Milton's widow, 38.

Martin (H.) on the aboriginal Britons, 399.
• Bonn's reprint of Woodfall's Junius,

584.
Martin (John) on Dramatic and Poetical

Works, 173.
— — Historical Reminiscences of O'Byrnes,

&c, 11.

■ Outlines of the History of Theology,

303.
Matthews (Wm.) on John Bale, Bishop of

Ossory, 407.

— fire-irons, antiquity of, 80.
— — Longfellow's originality, 77.

terminations " -by," and " -ness," 522.

Mayor | J. E. B.) on Ascham's Letters, 588.

epigram ascribed to Herbert, 301.

St. Augustine on clairvoyance, 511.

M. (B.) on Three Pigeons inn, 528.
M. (C. R.) on cissle, its meaning, 334.

— stone pulpits, 79.

whitewashing in churches, 287.

McC. on •' that," a grammatical puzzle, 300.
McNab (Kennedy) on branks, 578.

— mawkin, 601.

Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouche,

542.

Odd Fellows, 578.

M. (E.) on " Corruptio optimi," &c, 173.

Fairfax (Lord), 380.

proxies for absent sponsors, 324.

M. (E. J.) on " Man proposes," &c, 203.
Melville (N. L.) on starvation, 151.
Metcalfe (T.) on vellum-bound Junius, 74.
Mewburn (F.) on the king's prerogative,

247.
— — provincial glossaries in MS., 303-
M. (F. R.) on quotation from Wordsworth,

85.
M. (O. R.) on hour-glass stand, 64.
M. (H.) on Richard Fitz-Alan, 516.
M. (H. H.) on General Stokes, 34.
Philip Morant, 34.

Sir John Morant, 56.

Middleton (F. M.) on the bothy system,

305.
— — fox-hunting, 307.

— mousehunt, 385.

Roland the brave, 476.

Selah, 423.

Mills (James) on per centum sign, 451.

M. (J.) on books not completed, 147.

— — church service, preliminary texts, 515.

death-warnings in ancient families,

335.

— English literature, 244.

English liturgy, 466.

Hue's Travels, 19.

— — Notes and Queries on the Ormulum,
465.

— New Zealander and Westminster

Bridge, 159.

— precious stones, 2S4.

Scott (Sir W.) and Sir W. Napier, 53.

M. (J.) on table-turning, 502.

— Talfourd (Justice) and Dr. Beattie,

497.

— Uhland, the German poet, 147.

M. (J. F.) on an edition of Othello, 577.

M. (J. H.) on tolling bell on leaving church,
125.

M'K. (J.) on eclipse in the year 1263, 17.

member of parliament electing him-
self, 285.

vellum-cleaning, 17.

— — wooden tombs, 17.

M. (L.) on M. Oufle's History, 57. ;

M. (L. B.) on funeral customs, 89.

M-n (J.) on consonants in Welsh, 271.

Monson (Lord) on Brydone, 496.

factitious pedigrees, 275.

Morgan (Octavius) on an ancient clock,
302.

Morgan (Professor A. De) on " Book of
Almanacs," 561.

— — geometrical curiosity, 14.

Morris (F. O.) on Braddock and Orme,
562.

Mountjoy on egger moths, 148.

M. (P. M.) on quacks, 345.

M. (S.) on Addison and Watts, 373.

M. (S. R.) on Cranmer's Bible, 119.

M. (S. S.) on " Forgive, blest shade," 542.

Mummery (John) on Haas, the sand-
painter, 327.

M. (W. H.) on Lord Fairfax, 10.

M. (W. M.) on Hervie (Christopher), 272.

" One while 1 think," &c, 76.

M. (W. P.) on Col. St. Leger, 76.

M. ( W. T.) on bell inscription, 593.

cassie, 396.

hogmanay, 495.

judges practising at the bar, 450.

preliminary texts in church service,

515.

satin, its derivation, 17.

tippet, its derivation, 370.

M. (Y. S.) on army lists of seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, 589.

Bishop Bathurst, 42-2.

Bosvill (Ralph) of Bradbourn, 467.

Boyle family, 494.

buckle, 576.

Crewkerne (Henry) of Exeter, 467.

Geering (Richard), 337.

Fitzgerald (Edward), 494.

golden tooth, 337.

grafts on the parent tree, 337.

Harrington (Lord), 336.

heraldic puzzle, 513.

Heralds' College, 469.

Irish rhymes, 575.

John of Gaunt's descendants, 432.

Long Parliament, 423.

" obtains," its conventional use, 589.

" Put," its pronunciation, 432,

Temple (Dame Hester), 468.

Theobald le Botiller, 336.

Usher (Sir William), 576.

Wellesley or Wesley, 576.

N.

N. on the Belle Sauvage, 89.

* origin of the name of Norton, 272.

Narro on tenth regiment of light dragoons,
85.

N. (D.) on French London Gazette, 86.

Neglectus on inscription on Lindsey court-
house, 602.

Newburiensis on quotation, 402.

. Shrove Tuesday custom, 324.

tolling bell on leaving church, 312.

567.

N, (G.) on blackguard boy, 153.

Nelson and Trafalgar, 297.

starvation, 152.

N. (G. E. T. S. R.) on bell inscriptions,
109.

stone pulpits, 80.

Nimmo (Thomas) on disease among cattle,
445.

N. (L. M.) on an edition of Othello, 577.
Notary on dog-whippers, 499.

north-west passage, 516.

Nourse (Wm. E. E.) on communications

with Iceland, 53.
Novice on Governor-General of India, 327.
Novus on archaic words, 491.
Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium,

381.
N. (S.) on " Cow Doctor," its author, 246.

" Innocents," a drama, 272.

— — Scroope family, 350.

Soomarokoff s " Demetrius," its

translator, 246.
N. (T. L.) on " oriel," 400.
N. (T. S.) on Devereux Bowly, 285.

Longfellow, 424.

A. (2125.) on ordinary, 219.
N. (W. M.) on D. O. M., 2i>6.

O.

O. on photographic query, 406.

Oakden on John Ogden, 541.

O'Coffey (Thos.) on consonants in Welsh,
472.

Odd Fish on blind mackerel, 245.

Offor (George) on John Bunyan, 129. 223.

Canne's Bible, 563.

Field's Bible, 563.

O. (Geo.) on licences to crenellate, 276.

O. (J.) on books burnt by the hangman,
425.

curious old pamphlet, 391.

Drvden and Milbourne, 563.

Lord Ro.ehill, 519.

Obsolete Statutes, 562.

remarkable imprints, 143.

" Rodondo, or the .State Jugglers,"

589. •.

O. (J. B.) on Oxford jeu d'esprit, 168.

O. (J. P.) on Secunde Personne of the
Trinitie, 114.

Oldbuck on marriage agreement, 193.

Queen Anne's medal, 399.

O. (N.) on domestic letters of Edmund
Burke, 9.

O. (R.) on Irish law in the eighteenth cen-
tury, 428.

Orde (J. P.) on " Horam coram dago,'
186.

Osmanli on Turkish language, 456.

Oxoniensis on Longfellow families, 174.

teeth superstition, 64.

P. on Monteith, 452.

«« Perturbabantur Constantinopoli-

tani," 452.
Paget (Arthur) on Cobb family, 272.

picture queries, 198.

Paling (E P.) on significant hint, 197.

tailless cats, 209.

tavern signs, 331.

Parker (J. H.) on Domestic Architecture,

220.
Patonce on Amontillado wine, 336.

atchievement in Yorkshire, 349.

bell inscriptions, 594.

fifteenths or fystens, 176.

. Killigrew family, 199.

*. Red Cow — Cromwell's carriages, 306.

Seymour (Elizabeth), 174.

Young Pretender, 230.

Pattison (S. R.) on Arthuriana, 371.

stone chisels, 321.

P. (C. F.) on tolling bell on leaving church,

567- .

P. (C. H.) on A/ay, its derivation, 192.
P. (C. K.) on epitaph in Tillingham

Church, 9. . , ,

P. (C— S. T.) on Cotterell (Sir Charles),
208.

epitaphium Lucretiae, 112.

hour-glass stand, 253.

INDEX.

619

Peacock (Edward) on Calves'.head club, 15.

dog-whipping custom, 65.

Lyra's Commentary, 323.

— newspaper folk lore, 523.

Palajologi, the last of, 312.

Pemberton (Oliver) on criminals restored

to life, 280.
Penn on French or Flemish arms, 511.

" Old Dominion," 468.

P. (E. O.) on Charles II. 's attendants in

Spain, 272.
Perthensis on Richard of St. Victor, 352.
P. (H.)on Aristotle, 373.

— costume of the clergy not Enarean,

337.

— inheritance, 155.

Moral Philosophy, works on, 351.

nattochiis and calchanti, 183.

_ oaths, 45.

Passion of our Lord dramatised, 373.

tenure of lands, 309.

Thomas a Kempis, 87. 384.

4>. on the derivation of rirrit, 551.

<1>. (1) on sovereigns dining in public, 120.

<PiXoumB>h on spinning-machine of the an-
cients, 515.

Phipps (Edmund) on Canaletto's views,
288. 337.

Pinkerton (W.) on emblems of precious
stones, 37.

P. (J.) on " ingenious man," in Niebuhr,
56.

— paintings of Our Saviour, 270.
" Poeta nascitur, non fit." 398.

P. (J. H.) on the launch of the Prince

Koyal, 464.
P. (J. R.) on the antiquity of " snub,"

219.
P. (J. T.) on funeral customs, 566.
P. (M.) on the Irish at the battle of Crecy,

517.
Potter (T. R.) on Bersethrigumnue, 373.

De Beauvoir pedigree, 349.

Lady Jane Grey, 373.

ridings and chaffings, 370.

Powell (John H.) on map of Dublin, 287.
P. (P.) on albumenized paper, 502.

ancient church usages, 567.

imp, its singular use, 113.

. Jacobite garters, 528.

. Monteith, 599.

papyrus, 529.

Pickard family, 87.

- — reversible masculine names, 184.
— — tailless cats, 209.

P. (P. P.) on Robert Hall, temp. James II.,
76.

. Plowden's portrait, 56.

P. (R.) on Dorset, a beverage, 247.
Presioniensis on armorial supporters, 421.
— — " A regular Turk," 451.

— Chapel Sunday, 527.
Holland, 421.

— — King John, 453.

. knobsticks, 373.

—— Meols, a parish, 409.

■ Roman roads in England, 325.

— slavery in England, 421.

Wesley and Wellington families, 399.

Probert (C. K.) on light in cameras, 548.
f. on nirri;, unde deriv., 324.

P. (S. L.) on Ferdinand Charles III., 598.
Pumphrey (W.) on the ceroleine process,
429.

0-

Q. on the early use of " came," 112.

Lord Brougham and Home Tooke,

398.

— starvation, an Americanism, 54.
Q. (S. P.) on Shropshire ballad, 320.
Shrove Tuesday custom, 299.

R.

R. (A.B.) on Bible of 1527, 504.

Caricature : A Canterbury Tale, 433.

R. (A. B.) on epitaph in Lavenham Church,
369.

" Es tu Scolaris," 540.

Rawlinson (Robert) on the social effects of

severe weather, 103.
R. (C.) on criminals restored'to life, 282.
R. (C. T.) on Cawley the regicide, 2+7.
Reader on a photographic query, 41.

prize for best collodion, 254.

Reading on " Hovd Maet of Laet," 148.
Reed (James) on Jacobite club, 300.
R. (E. G.) on A.M. and M.A., 599.

• chair, or char, 351.

mousehunt, 135.

starvation, 152.

Regent M.A. on caps at Cambridge, 27.
Relton (F.B.) on the Eastern question, 244.
Respondens on privileges of Canterbury

see, 286.
R. (F. R.) on Dorset, a beverage, 311.

quotation, " Firm was their faith," 17.

R. (G.), York, on initials in glass quarries,
515.

Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf, 481 .

R. (G. D.) on Rev. Joshua Brooks, 64.
R. (G. W.) on Cranmer's martyrdom, 548.
Riley (Henry T.) on Athenian sport, 350.
barristers' gowns, 323.

— flasks for wine bottles, 304.
Froxhalmi, &c, 304.

Ingulph's Chronicle, correction, 301.

snush, when obsolete, 324.

" Tarbox for that," its meaning, 324.

tobacco-pipes, 372.

Rimbault (Dr. E. F.) on Burton's Anatomy

of Melancholy, 191.

Canaletto's views In London, 288.

" Could we with ink," &c, 256.

Dobney's Bowling-green, 572.

Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 354.

Handel, hymn attributed to him, 573.

Hero of the " Spanish Lady's Love,"

573.

— " Hip, hip, hurrah ! " 386.

Middleton's " Witch," its music, 196.

Passion of our Lord dramatised, 528.

— Prince Charles's attendants in Spain,

334.

pulpit hour glasses, 252.

Shakspeare's portrait, 571.

Shakspeare's Rime at the Mytre, 439.

tavern signs, 331.

Walters (Lucy), Duke of Monmouth's

mother, 171.
R. (I. R.) on children by one mother, 186.

cock-and-bull story, 209.

— • Kemerton Church, its dedication, 271.

largesse, a provincialism, 209.

lode, its meaning, 233.

Maid of Orleans, 374.

market crosses, 209.

Miller (James), 496.

palace of Lucifer, 233.

— reverence to the altar, 566.

Warner the poet, 453.

White (Samuel), 469.

Rix (S. W.) on Sir Anthony WingBeld, 86.
R. (J. C.) on Booty's case, 137.

" Horam coram dago," 186.

■ prophesying before death, 550.

" Sat cito, si sat bene," 137.

tavern signs, 330.

R (J. C. H.) on foreign universities, 150.
R. (J. J.) on stone pulpits, 79.
R. (J. M.) on Rileys of Forest Hill, 398.
R. (L.) on Whitelocke's Memorials, 126.
R. (L. M. M.) on Hiel the Bethelite, 452.
Knightlow Cross, 448.

— Scottish airs, 245.

R. (L. N.) on branks, 336.

R. (M. H.) on dogs in monumental brasses,

312.

door-head inscription, 89.

paintings of our Saviour, 550.

Whitelocke (Gen.), 87.

R. nee F. (H.) on Brydone the tourist,

255.

coronation stone, 329.

Robert (Prior) of Salop on restall, 539.

Robson (W.) on Duchess of Mazarin's

monument, 249.
Ross (C.) on the definition of garble, 407.
R. (R.) on " Go to Bath," 421.

Roland the brave, 475.

R. (R. I.) on derivation of Celt, 86.
R. (T.) on " Cui bono," 76.

" Deus ex machina," 77.

Ruby on weather rules, 308.

Ruding on heraldic query, 352.

Rumbold (W. E. W.) on red and scarlet

liveries, 126.
Rusticus on ashe3 of lignites, 422. 477.
R. ( W. B.) on dog-whippers, 500.
R (W. D.) on Lord Rosehill, 422.
— — seamen's tickets, 452.

S.

S. on awkward, awart, 209.

, Catholic Bible Society, 41.

Fleet prison, 160.

royal salutes, 245.

2. on Arthur de Vere, 35.

— " Horam coram dago," 58.
largesse, 408.

prelate fond of quoting Procopius, 56.

S. (A.) on right of refuge in church porch,
597.

— — Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 105.

riiffin, a fish, 106.

Sage (E. J.) on Romford jury, 396.

St. Aubyn (J. P.) on Enfield Church, 287.

St. Clair (Haughmond) on a Bristol com-
pliment, 541.

— Devonshire superstitions, 344.
Salmon (Robert S.) on execution survived,

454.
Sands (H. C.) on photographic litigation,

598.
Sansom (J.) on antiquarian documents, 513.
arch-priest'at Haccombe, 185.

Robert Bloet, 105.

— Dr. Eleazar Duncon, 184.

daughters taking their mothers'

names, 20.

marriage in the fourteenth centurv,

84.

— — passage in Bishop Watson, 43.

" Perturbabantur," 576.

sonnet of Blanco White, 552.

Saxa on " Firm was their faith," 17.

S. (C.) on the forlorn hope, 43.

S. (C. F.) on Ascension-day custom, 9.

Farrant's anthem, 9.

Scott (Francis John) on Celtic and Latin
languages, 137.

Scott (Jas. J.) on death- warnings, 114.

echo poetry, 153.

Scott (Thos.) on photographic slides, 332.

Scott (W. H.) on coin of Carausius, 287.

curious inscription, 369.

Scribe (John) on " Gentleman's Calling,"
175.

Russian emperors, 359.

tavern signs, 331.

S. (D. W.) on namby-pamby, 161.

" Quid facies," &c, 161.

S. (E. G. F.) on Edward Gibbon, 511.

Seleucus on consonants in Welsh, 472.

goloshes, and kutchin-kutchu, 304.

Herbert's Helga, 273.

— — Longfellow's Hyperion, 602.

mounting photographs, 310.

Serviens on Gen. Braddock, 11.

Campbell (Thomas), 73.

Gage (Gen. Thomas), 12.

S. (G. J.) on London fortifications, 2S8.

Ogborne's History of Essex, 322.

S. (G. L.) on Hardman's account of Water-
loo, 355. 529.

— long names, 312.

Marquis of Granby, 574.

Shadbolt (Geo.) on cameras, 571.
cyanide of potassium, 254.

— improvement in collodion, 406.

mounting positives on cardboard, 332.

multiplying negatives, 110.

620

INDEX.

Shadbolt (Geo.) on soluble cotton, 571.

Tovvgood's paper, 110.

S. (H. E.) on Maydenburi, 516.

S. (H. F.) on Bale's work on libraries, 589.

Marston and Erasmus, 513.

Shirley (Ev. Ph.) on factitious pedigrees,

275.
Sigma on Byron and Rochefoucauld, 347.

Canne's Bible, 563.

life and death, 592.

plants and flowers, 421.

Sigma (1.), on grammar-school at St. Mary

de Crypt, 590.

" Original Poems," by C. It., 541.

" Shipwrecked Lovers," 450.

— — " The Village Lawyer," 493.
Silex on the ceroleine process, 526.
Simpson (W. Sparrow) on burial in erect

posture, 407.
chronograms from the banks of the

Rhine, 60.
Churchill's grave, 234.

— dogs in monumental brasses, 249.
God's acre, 492.

. hourglass stand, 253.

Kennington Common, 295.

— licences to crenellate, 276.

occasional Forms of Prayer, 404.

stone pulpits, 80.

Singer (S. W.) on Dr. Whichcote and
Dorothy Jordan, 383.

Blanco White's sonnet, 469.

Singleton (S.) on Herbert's Church Porch,
173.

Sisson (J. Lawson) on mairdil or mardle,
336.

stereoscopic note, 282.

S. (J.) on New Zealander and Westmin-
ster Bridge, 159.

S. (J. D.) on derivation of mammet, 43.

three flcurs.de- lys, 113.

S. (J. J.) on a Rubens query, 561.

S. (J. L.) on bell inscription, 110.

— dannocks, 273.

— mawkin, a provincialism, 303.
photographic query, 282.

S. (J. L.), sen., on Star and Garter, Kirk-
stall, 324.
— — waestart, a provincialism, 349.
S. (J. P.) on an expression in a Homily, 56.

. Shrove Tuesday custom, 223.

Skyring (G. William) on " One New Year's

Day," 467.
— — ridings and chaffings, 578.
S. (M— a.) on green eyes, 112.
Smith (Alfred) on Luther's bust, 21.
Smith (J. Gordon) on stock-horn, 76.
Smith (J. H. K.), jun., on Smiths and

Robinsons, 148.
Smith (W. J. Bernhard) on clay tobacco-
pipes, 546.

— Nonjurors' motto, 87.

Wilbraham Cheshire MSS., 135.

S. (M. J.) on Spielberg, 302.

S. (M. N.) on multiplying negatives, 83.

Smokejack on nursery rhyme, 286.

Smythe (Wm.) on warple-way, 125.

Sneyd (Walter) on wafers, 409.

Snob on precedence, 327.

S. (N. W.) on hydropathy, 575.

" spoke in his wheel," 45.

S. (O.) on the Young Pretender, 572.

S. (P. C. S.) on commissions by Charles I.
at Oxford, 495.

" Service is no inheritance," 41.

— - tippet, its derivation, 430.

«—• Vandyking, 452.

Squeers on misapplication of terms, 44.
554.

S. (R. J.) on the commencement and end-
ing of Sunday, 284.

S. (S.) on aches, 351.

2. i . on combat ol birds, 303.

— execution survived, 174.

— Grose the antiquary, 350.
Ss. (J.) on mousehunt, 136. 477.
Whitelocke (Gen.), 202.

S. (S. S.) on tolling bell on leaving church,
312.

S. (S. Z. Z.) on " Children in the Wood,"
305.

East Dereham manor, 304.

epigram on Dennis, 223.

hero of " The Spanish Lady's Love,"

304.

Sleinmetz (Andrew) on a collodion diffi-
culty, 549.

Stephens ( llenrv) on artesian wells, 493.

Blue Bells of Scotland, 2C9.

clunk, its meaning, 208.

draining by machinery, 183.

mairdil, 233.

Negro's complaint, 246.

Picts' houses, 208.

standing at the Lord's Prayer, 567.

Stillwell (John P.) on Cranmer's martyr-
dom, 590.

day at our antipodes, 288.

— — Francklyn's Household-book, 575.

Longfellow, 424.

perspective, 379.

Storer (W. P.) on blackguard, 503.

books burnt by the hangman, 227.

Cowperiana, 421.

hymn attributed to Handel, 303.

— — Longfellow, 256.

Mount Mill, 256.

— — Oxford Commemoration squib, 113.

St. John's Gate, arms on, 578.

tolling bell on leaving church, 312.

Strange (Philip) on anagram on Emperor

Nicholas, 561.
Streether (S. F.) on Sir Edmund Plowden,

&c, 301.
Stylites on artesian wells, 222.

polygamy, 246.

Subscriber on Bridget Cromwell, 36.

Inman, or Ingman family, 198.

Waugh of Cumberland, 272.

Suecas on Swedish words in England, 601.
Suum Cuique on precedence, 541.
S. (W.) on apocryphal works, 542.

tolling bell on leaving church, 311.

S. (W. H.) on Lounger's Common-place

Book, 174.
S. (W. R. D.) on " Chip in porridge," 45.

Lewis and Sewell families, 86.

Warville, 112.

S. (Y.) on Dean Nowell's first wife, 300.

T.

T. on temperature of cathedrals, 55-
Taylor (G.) on Manx cats, 111.

pudding-bell, 567.

— — quotation, 402.

.— Three Pigeons inn, 423.

" To pass the pikes," 516.

T. (C.) on bloaters and herrings, 347.

sepulchral monuments, 514. 539. 586.

T. (D. F.) on arms of Anthony Kitchen,

350.

Haviland, 399.

T. (E. A.) on Athens, " the violet-
crowned," 496.
Temple (Harry Leroy) on parallel passages,

345.

Popiana, 445.

Tennyson (G.) on mousehunt, 65.

T. (E. S. T.) on garble, 243.

T. (G.) on " Days of my Youth," 601.

Gay's Acis and Galatea, 12.

— — poetical tavern signs, 58.
T. (G. W.) on New Zealander and West-
minster-bridge, 361.
T. (H. G.) on quotations, 402.
Thinks 1 to myself on battles, 246.

electric telegraph, 270.

— — encyclopaedia of indexes, 371.

life-belts, 348.

pronunciation of foreign names, 222.

Thomas (J. W.) on Arabian Tales and

their sources, 319.

" Could we with ink," &c, 179.

derivation of mammet : came, 82.

Gerson (J.) and De Imitatione, 202.

— misapplication of terms, 361.

Thornbury (G. W.) on inn signs, 251.

Thornton (L. M.) on Bayly's "Isle of
Beauty," 453.

Beau Nash's palace, 146.

Thrupp (John) on nattouhiisandcalchanti,
84.

— — New Zealander and Westminster-
bridge, 361.

Timon on Nicholas Kieten, 398.

T. (J. G.)on Postmaster at Merton Col-
lege, 304.

T. (J. W.) on "The spire whose silent
finger," 9.

T. (N. L.) on charade on Whitelocke, 456.

gossip, 399.

" Go to Bath," 578.

largesse, 408.

mummy-chests, 422.

" Old Rowley," 457.

orchard, 400.

Peckwater quadrangle, 400.

sack. 427.

— — Sir Walter Scott and his quotations,
162.

"verbatim et literatim." 504.

Tomkins (H. G.) on Longfellow, 256.

Tonna (L. H. J.) on " Verbatim et litera-
tim," 348.

Townsend (A.) on Bradford's writings,
449.

Bp. Hooper's argument on the vest-
ment controversy, 221.

Traveller on Brydone the tourist, 432.

Dilamgabendi, 516.

Trevelvan (W. C.) on bothy, 527.

Field's Bible, 563.

T. (R. V.) on garble, 359.

ridings and chaffings, 578.

T. (T. A.) on derivation of" bigot," 560.

children by one mother, 572.

forensic jocularities, 538.

— " Hie locus odit, amat," 552.

Kirkpatrick's Norwich MSS., 515.

palindrome verses, 343.

stone pillar worship, 535.

stornello verses, 299.

" Three cats sat," &c, 574.

T. (T. E.) on Richard I'lantagenet, Earl of
Cambridge, 601.

T. (T. H.) on Cel*> 'd Latin languages,
14.

T. ( W.) on " Ned o' the Todding," 36.

T. (W. J.) on simmels, 322.

T. (W. T.) on ancient tenure of lands, 309.

T. (W. W. E.) on blue bell and blue an-
chor, 86.

cash, its derivation, 66.

Tyro on Lyra Apostohca, 304.

U.

T. on ought and aught, 419.
U. (H.) on soluble cotton, 548.
Umbra on criminals restored to life, 281.
Uneda on ampers and, 43.

birm-bank, its derivation, 12.

"captivate," its old meaning, 8.

— Darwin on Steam, 271.

Devreux Bowly, 173.

Dog Latin, 601.

ducking-stool, 232.

— — encore, 601.

epigrams, 504.1

Fairfax (Lord), 379.

Eraser (General), 431.

— gale of rent, 408.
green eyes, 432.

Inglis (Bishop) of Nova Scotia, 527.

life and death, 592.

" Marriage in High Life," 590.

" Milton Blind," a poem, 395.

— Milton's correspondence, 504.
_ " mob," its derivation, 601.

" Off with his head!" 543.

Queen Anne's motto, 20.

selleridge, 146.

__ tailless cats, 479.
" To try and get," 76.

INDEX.

621

Uneda on " Trcvelyan," 590.

Wilkins (Peter), his Adventures, 543.

Ursus on Huntbach MSS., 149.
U. (U.) on Garlic Sunday, 34.
Turlehydes, 10.

Viator on warplo-way, 4/8.
Vokaros on Clarence dukedom, 224.
V. (P.) on Ferdinand Charles III., 598.

W.

W. on the order of St. David, 125.

— objective and subjective, 170.

standing at the Lord's Prayer, 257.

2KU. on lawyers' bags, 21.

W. (A. C.) on "Hypocrisv is the homage,"

&c, 127.
Wake (H. T.) on epitaph at Whittlebury,

122.
Walcott (Mackenzie) on atonement, 503.

— bishops' tombs, 146.

burial in erect posture, 279.

coincidences between Sir T. Browne

and Bp. Ken, 220.

grammars lor public schools, 81.

Hale (Sir Matthew), his descendants,

160.
— — Hooker quoted, 77.

■ inn signs, 251.

— muffins and crumpets, 208.

muffs worn by gentlemen, 90.

newspaper folk-lore, 84.

— — New Zealander and Westminster-
bridge, 361.

■ stone pulpits, 80.

three fleurs-de-lys, 84. 226.

— tolling bell on leaving church, 312.
Waugh of Cumberland, 482.

word-minting, 335.

Walrond (J. W.) on double iodide of silver

and potassium, 254.
Walter (Henry) on the asteroids, 36.
Warden (J. S.) on Abigail, 359.

— Arabian nights, 44.

, awkward, its e* ogy, 480.
Ballina Castle, ijo, 311.

— " Begging the question," 359.

Bingham (Sir John), 450.

Black Prince, 374.

Byron, the fifth Lord, 18.

. Byron's Childe Harold, 481.

Christabel, the Third Part, 18.

— — Clarendon and the tub. woman, 45.

— divining-rod, 386.

double Christian names, 45.

eclipse of 1263. 480.

Grammont's Memoirs, 584.

Helen MacGregor, 350.

Henry of Huntingdon's Letter to

Walter, 371.

Jews and Egyptians, 34.

judicial rank hereditary, 311.

maps, their dates, 396.

Matthew of Westminster (Bohn's

edit.), 8. ;

Warden (J. S.) on moon superstitions, 450.

naval atrocities, 10.

orange blossoms, 386.

Otterburn battle, 348.

personal descriptions, 76.

punctuation, errors in, 482.

Richard I., 44.

Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cam-
bridge, 493.

Roman Catholic patriarchs, 384.

Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, 351.

Waugh (Geo.) on the Waugh family, 20.

Way (Albert) on Leighton's burial-place, 8.

W. (C. F.) on dog-whippers and frankin-
cense 349.

W. (C.'f. A.) on Odd Fellows, 327.

Webb (Geo. Bish) on pedigree to the time
of Alfred, 338.

Weir (Arch.) on "Corporations have no
souls," 137.

Zeuxis and Parrhasius, 322.

W. (E. S. S.) on Ferdinand Charles III.,
417.

— — medal of Chevalier St. George, 479.

West Indian on Col. M. Smith's family,
222.

West Sussex on " Myself," 430.

W. (G.) on Russian religion, 86.

W. (H.) on conjunctions joining proposi-
tions, £79.

— — table-turning, 201.

Wharton (J. M.) on Granby sign, 127.

Whitborne (J. B.) on William Carlos's
inscription, 305.

Elizabeth Elstob, 200.

sign of rain, 53.

vossioner, its meaning, 224.

wooden tombs and effigies, 62.

Whitworth (Chas.) on box saw-dust for
collodion, 358.

Wiccamicus on " Perturbabantur," 577.

Wilkinson (C.) and Sons on Buonaparte's
abdication, 183.

Wilkinson (T. T.) on Cambridge mathe-
matical questions, 184.

Williams (F. J.) on Scotch grievance, 100.

Willo on saw-dust recipe, 255.

Winthrop (Wm.), Malta, on Fairfax
barony, 156.

■— German song on Truth, 56.

Haynau (Gen.), his corpse, 171.

longevity, 232.

Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 80. 99.

263. 333. 417. 442.

parallel passages, 347.

rapping no novelty, 200.

— - royal letters to Grand Blasters of
Malta, 99. 333. 417. 442.

Saladin, the great Sultan, 257.

year 1854, 197.

W. (J.) on derivation of skin-flint, 34.
W. (J. K. R.) on epitaphs, 492.

" One New Year's Day," 526.

W. (J. M.) on saw-dust recipe, 255.
W. (J. O.) on Sir Hugh Mydiielton, 495.
W. (J. R.) on Lounger's Common-place

Book, 258.
Wmson (S.) on lines attributed to Hudi-
bras, 137.

" marriage a rabble rout," 184.

Wmson (S.) on Noctes Ambrosiana?, S97.
W. (M. T.) on Churchill's grave, 334.

Cranmer's Bibles, 334.

Knight's Quarterly, contributors to,

334.
Woodman (E. F.) on books burnt by the

hangman, 426.

" Hovd maet of laet," 257.

— Linna;an medal, 374.

Woodward (B. B.) on "Consilium novem

delectorum Cardinalium," &c, 127.

519.

Kirkpattick's Norwich MSS., 564.

Wreford (J. R.) on Ferdinand Charles III.,

598.
W. (T. I.) on holy-loaf money, 150.
W. (T. T.) on Queen Elizabeth and the

ring, 175.

Sunday, its commencement and end,

198.
W. ( W. F.) on iodized paper, 62.
W. (VV. S.) on daughters taking their
mothers' names, 230.

X. on reversible names, 285.
H«»0»? on Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy
Jordan, 351.

Keats's Poems, 421.

X. (S.) on Lord Halifax and Mrs. C. Bar-
ton, 18.
X. (W.) on Widderington family, 375.

Y. (B. R. A.) on inscription on Lindsey
Court-house, 602.

Lyra Apostolica, 407.

Mount Mill, 174.

Yeowell (James) on bell mottoes, 109.

Y. (H.) on B. C. Y., 149.

Y. (J.) on Bishop Burnet's character, 448.

— Chauncy, or Chancy, 126.

— cross-legged figures, 77.

— electric telegraph in 1753, 274.

Whitelocke (Gen.), 202.

Y. (K.) on tailless cats, 480.

Y. (Z.) on Forms of Public Meetings, 174.

Z.

Z. on extracts from Registers of Lincoln

see, 513.
Z. (A.) on Leapor's Tragedy, 104.
— — Lydia, or Conversion, 76.

. Watson (Charles), 57.

Zachary (M.) on Hervie's Synagogue, 184.
Zeus on Belle Sauvage, 44.

criminals restored to life, 281.

— — German tree, 136.

— goloshes, 470.

— inn signs, 252.
_— mantel-piece, 576.

muffins and crumpets, 208.

Sotades, 18.

Z. (X. Y.) on Dr. John Pocklington, £47.
Roland the brave, 372. ,

END OF THE NINTH VOLUME.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of
St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by Geobob Bell, of No, 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in th«
City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid,

fi--1