Z.X 7' vv

NOTES AND QUERIES:

j^letrium of Jnter-'Communuatwn

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

" When found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttlk.

SECOND SERIES.— VOLUME EiaHTH.
July — Decembek, 1859.

LONDON:
BELL & DALDY, 186. FLEET STREET.

1859.

2"d s. VIII. Jolt 2. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON. SATURDAY. JULY 2. 1859.

No. 183. — CONTENTS.

NOTES: — The Vulture in Italy, by Sir G. C. Lewis.'l — Verstecan's
" Restitution," 4 _ New Catalogue of Shakspeariana, 76. — Oleau-
inK8 from Writers of the Seventeenth Century, Illustrative of Pro-
verbs, Words, &c., 6.

Minor Notks : — Squaring the Circle — Oxfordshire Proverb — Bartho-
lomew Thomas Duhigg — King James's Army List — "Memoirs of
Gen. Thomas Holt " — Provincial Words : " Pishty," " Cess-here," 8.

QUERIES : -Abigail Hill, by H. D'Aveney,9. - Zachary Boyd, 10.

MiNon i<icKHiES ! — Rev. P. Rosenhagen : his literary Reputation —
Family of Watson, Yorkshire — Lambert : Geering — " Urban," as a
Christian Name — "Night, a Poem "— Randolph Fitz- Eustace —
Mrs. Jane Marshall — Publishing before the Invention of Printing —
Heraldic Query — Ephraim Pratt — Thelusson the Banker at Paris

— Robert Emmett's Rebellion in 1803 — Cromer, Archbishop of Ar-
magh Arms of John de Bohun — Antient Portrait, &c., 10.

Minor Queries with Answers: — " Horae Subsecivse," by Lord Chan-
dos, 1620 — Woodroof — Edwards' " Palsemon and Arcyte " — Edward
Wright — " udcomby an" — Edward Chandler, Bishop of Durham, 13.

REPLIES : — Ghost Stories, U — Attack on the Sorbonne, 15— Price
of Bibles, 16.

Replies to Minor Qderies : — " Signa " of Battel Abbey— Queen
Anne's Churches — Barrymore and the Du Barrys — Cromwell's
Children — The Cromweilian Edition of Gwillim's Heraldry— The
Arrows of Harrow — Vergubretus, &c. — Smokers — Guns, whenfirst
used in India — " The Bells were rung Backwards " — Sale of Villeins

— Knights created by Oliver Cromwell — Scala Cell — " History of
Judas, &c., 16.

Notes on Books, &c., 19.

iSiatt4.

THE VDIiTUEE IN ITALY.

The vulture is frequently mentioned in Homer,
vrho was familiarly acquainted with its habits of
devouring dead bodies. The symbolical punish-
ment of Tityus in Hades, for the rape of Latona,
as described in the Odyssey, consists in his liver,
the seat of desire, being perpetually mangled by
two vultures (xi. 578., imitated by Virgil, JS«,,
vi. 595.).

The natural history of the vulture is given by
Aristotle, who makes two species of this bird, dif-
fering 9s to size and colour. He was aware that
the vulture builds its nest on inaccessible rocks,
and states that the female lays two eggs at a time
(Camus, Notes sur THist. des An. d'Aristote, p.
820.). In the pseud- Aristotelic work de Mirab.
60., it is affirmed that no one ever saw the nest
of a large vulture. A steep and inaccessible rock
•is called a "yvinas irerpa by ^schylus, Supp. 796.
Theophrastus relates the fabulous story that vul-
tures are killed by the smell of ointments (Caus.
Plant., vi. 5. 1.) ; and a mixture of fact and fable,
respecting the same bird, may be seen in ^lian,
N. A; ii. 46. Dio Cassius mentions that in Mace-
donia, before the battle of Philippi, a large num-
ber of vultures and of other birds which fed upon
dead bodies hovered over the army of Cassius,
making hideous screams (xlvii. 40.). See also,
Flor. iv. 7. 7. ; Obsequens, c. 69. Lucan likewise
introduces vultures on the field of Pharsalia, vii.
834. Aristotle mentions that the sudden appear-
ance of many vultures, following an army, was
used by Herodorus, the father of Bryson, as an
argument that they came from another earth
above our heads (^H. A. vi. 5. ; ix. 11.).

With respect to the presence of the vulture in
Italy, our attention must first be directed to the
celebrated story of the augury of Romulus and
Remus. The earliest account is that of Ennius,
who says that the questions to be decided were,
whether Romulus or Remus should be the ruler,
and whether the city about to be founded should
be called Roma or Remora. As soon as the sun
rises, twelve sacred birds come from the sky, and
fly on the left hand of Romulus : this sign shows
that he is to be king. Nothing is said of six
birds seen by Remus, or of the twelve birds being
vultures. Romulus is described as standing on
the Aventine : the station of Remus is not men-
tioned. (Ap. Cic. de Div., i. 48., where sol albus
evidently means the moon ; see Blonif. ad JEsch.
Ag. 81., Gloss.)

The next most ancient version appears to be
that of Ovid. He states that the brothers propose
to decide by augury which is to be the founder of
the new city. One takes his station on the Pala-
tine, the other on the Aventine. Remus sees six
birds, and Romulus twelve. This omen is ad-
mitted by Remus to be decisive in favour of his
brother. Ovid makes no mention of vultures.
(^Fast. Iv. 809—818. ; compare v. 149—152.)

According to Livy (i. 6, 7.), the twin-brothers
contend for the supremacy, and for the honour of
giving bis name to the future city. Romulus
takes his station on the Palatine, and Remus on
the Aventine hill. Remus first sees six vultures,
and Romulus afterwards sees twelve. A dispute
arises whether the priority of the omen, or the
superiority of the number of birds, is to prevail ;
and the dispute leads to a combat, in which Re-
mus is killed. Livy reports an opinion that the
number of the twelve lictors, as attendants on the
king, instituted by Romulus, was derived from
the twelve vultures. The same origin for the
number of the twelve fasces is mentioned by
MVi&n, N. A., X. 22. Livy himself thinks that it
was borrowed from the Etruscans, who derived it
from their twelve populi.

According to Dionysius (i. 85 — 6.) the jealousy
of the brothers broke out in a difference respect-
ing the choice of a site for the new foundation.
Romulus preferred the Palatine hill ; Remus pro-
posed a hill on the Tiber, at a distance of about
30 stadia, or 3f miles, named Remoria. Upon the
advice of Numitor, they agree to decide their dif-
ference by an augury. The station of Romulus
was the Palatine hill ; that of Remus was the
Aventine, or, as some said, Remoria. Remus first
sees six vultures on the right hand, and Romulus
afterwards sees twelve : but a quarrel arises, in
consequence of a deceit which Romulus attempts
to practise on his brother. The interpretation of
the omen is also questioned on the ground stated
by Livy ; a fight arises, and Remus is slain.

A similar account is briefly given by Plutarch,

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°<» S. Vlir. July 2. '59,

Rom. 9. He mentions tbe attempted deceit of
Romulus as one of tbe versions of the story.
From this occurrence the Romans, he remarks,
make great use of vultures in augury. He ac-
counts for this custom partly by the harmless
qualities of the bird, which destroys no living ani-
mal and no vegetable, and does not even feed on
the dead of its own species ; and partly by the
rarity of its appearances. The same remark and
solution are repeated in Qucest. Bom. 93. Victor
de Orig. G. R. 23. has a similar account, but he
omits the attempt at deceit, and merely states
that the interpretation was disputed. It may be
inferred from Ce^sorinus (7). N., 17.) that the
identification of the twelve birds seen by Romu-
lus with vultures was as early as Varro.

The vul(ure appears in another omen of the
regal period. Dionysius (iv. 63.) relates that
the downfal of Tarquinius Superbus was pre-
ceded by the following prodigy. Some eagles
built their nest at the fop of a tall palm tree, near
the king's palace. While the eaglets were still
unfledged, a large flight of vultures attacked the
nest and destroyed it ; killed the young birds, and
assaulted the parent birds on their return to the
nest, striking them with their beaks and wings,
and drove them from the palm tree. The prodigy
is briefly adverted to by Zon. vii. 11.

The vulture likewise appears during the his-
torical age in connexion with auguries in Italy.
Dio Cassius states that when Augustus, after
the death of Julius (43 b. c), appeared at the
Comitia in the Campus Martius, for his election
as consul, he saw six vultures, and that he after-
wards saw twelve, when he addressed the soldiers.
He is said to have compared this augury with
that of Romulus, and to have recognised in it an
omen of his future greatness (xlvi. 46.). Sueto-
nius (^Oct. 95.) and Appian (b. c. iii. 94.), de-
scribing the same event, mention only twelve
vultures ; Obsequens (c. 68.) speaks of six on
each occasion. Dio Cassius relates soon after-
wards, among other prodigies, that numerous
vultures alighted upon the temples of Genius
Publicus and Concord at Rome (xlvii. 2.) He
likewise declares that when Vitellius was sacri-
ficing and haranguing the soldiers, shortly before
his death (69 a.d.), many vultures fell upon the
victims, scattered them in various directions, and
nearly threw him down from the tribunal (Ixv.
16.). Julius Obsequens (c. 42. 49.) mentions
vultures among the prodigies of the years 105
and 95 b.c. His account is that some vultures
were killed by lightning upon a tower * ; and that
vultures, devouring a dead dog, were killed and
eaten by other vultures. He appears to refer to
Italy, though the places are not mentioned.

* It was the belief of the ancients that the eagle, the
bearer of Jove's thunderbolts, was never killed by light-
ning. (Plin. X. 4. ; Serv. JEn., i. .394.)

Plutarch, as we have already seen, states that
the Romans made a great use of the vulture in
auguries, which seems to imply its frequency in
Italy ; though he proceeds to account for the
sanctity attached to the bird by the rarity of its
appearance (^(nrdviov Olafxa). According to Pliny
(x. 7.), Umbricius, the most skilful aruspex of his
own time, stated that the vulture laid thirteen
eggs ; that with one egg it purified the others and
its nest, and afterwards threw it away ; and that
it flew lo the place where dead bodies were to be
found three days beforehand. Umbricius is men-
tioned by Tacitus (^Hist. i. 27.) as an aruspex
who warned Gsilba of his death. The reference
of Pliny to a celebrated aruspex of his own time,
as an authority for facts in the natural history of
the vulture, seems to imply that the vulture was
then used in augury. The following birds are
enumerated by Festus (alites, p. 3. ; oscines, p.
197.), and after him by Servius (on JEn., i. 394.),
as affording auspicies, not by their voice, but by
their flight ; viz. the buteo, the sanqualis, the im-
musculus, the eagle, and the vulture. The buteo,
according to Pliny, was a species of hawk used in
auguries. It gave its name to a family of the
Fabian gens ; because a bird of this species settled
on. the general's ship, and afforded a lucky omen.
The sanqualis and immuseulus were birds in great
request by augurs, allied to the eagle and the
vulture. Pliny mentions that these birds were
reported not to have been seen at Rome since the
time of Mucius the Augur ; but he is inclined to
attribute the fact of their not having been ob-
served to the recent neglect of taking auguries
(N. H. X. 8, 9.). Q. Mucius Scsevola, the person
here referred to, was pra;tor in 121, and an old
man in 88 b.c. Livy makes a similar complaint
with respect to the remissness in recording prodi-
gies which had grown up in his time (xliii. 15.).
The Romans do not seem to have been consistent
in their views respecting the auspiciousness of the
vulture : for, in the Thebaid of Statins (iii. 496 —
509.), the prophet, taking an augury, complains
that no propitious bird has come in view, but that
the hawk and the vulture have alone been seen.

Livy, describing a great pestilence at Rome in
the year 174 b. c, and a murrain of the cattle in
the preceding year, states that many bodies re-
mained unburied in the streets, but that they
wasted away, and were not devoured by dogs or
vultures ; and that notwithstanding the great
mortality of cattle and men in these two years,
no vulture was ever seen (xli. 21.).

Plutarch, in his Life of Marius, c. 17., relates
a strange story, on the authority of Alexander of
Myndus, a Greek writer on zoology ; namely, that
two vultures frequently appeared to the army of
Marius, before its successes, and were therefore
considered a good omen ; they were known by
brazen chains, which the soldiers had fastened
round their necks.

2"d S. VIII. JciA- 2. '59.]

KOMS AND QUERIES.

Ill an epigram of Catullus against a certain
Cominius, the vulture is mentioned in a manner
which might be understood to imply that the bird
was then common in Italy ; —

"Non equidem dubito, quin primuni inimica bonorum
Lingua exsectaavido sit data vulturio.
Eftbssos oculos Yoret atro gutture corvus,
Intestina canes, cetera membra hipi." — Curm. 108.

The Romans were, however, so familiar with
the Greek poets, that this image may have been
derived from their works, and not from nature.

The great Bearded Vulture, or Lammergeier,'
inhabits the Alps and Pyrenees, the mountains of
Greece, and of the Tyrol ; but even in these ele-
vated regions is now a rare bird. According to
Tschudi, in his work entitled Das Thierlcben
der Alpenwelt, this vulture frequents in summer
the highest levels of the Alps ; in winter he de-
scends to the lower ranges, but never, like the
eagle, visits the plains. He builds on precipitous
rocks, and never perches on trees, except for the
purpose of collecting wood for his nest. As to
the presence of the Lammergeier in the mountains
of Greece and Roumelia, see Lenz, Zoologie der
Alien, p. 275. The Vultur cinereus occurs more
frequently in Europe; it is found in Spain and
Sicily ; it is common in Sardinia ; in Italy it is
rare, and never found in the forests. (Penny
Cyclo. vol. xxvi. p. 470.) Cetti, Gli Uccelli di
Sardegna (1776), p. 1 — 27., enumerates four
species of vultures in Sardinia. He says that
they are often killed by the shepherds when gorged
with food, and unable to rise quickly from the
earth ; and that they build their nests on the
most inaccessible rocks. Brydone states that the
vulture inhabits Etna (Tour in Sicily, vol. i. p.
236.), and Ford mentions that it is common in
Spain. (^Handbook of Spain, vol. i. p. 349.)

The original version of the augury of Romulus
and Remus seems merely to have mentioned
twelve birds : their conversion into vultures was
doubtless a later embellishment, in order to give
effect to the story. The prodigy which prefigured
the expulsion of the Tarquins — the eagles which
built their nest on a palm tree in the royal gar-
dens, and the attack of the vultures on the nest,
followed by the slaughter of the young and the
expulsion of the old birds — is a manifest fiction.
Both these narratives belong to the pre-historical
age of Rome : but the stories -of the flights of
vultures which appeared to Augustus ; of those
which settled on the two temples at Rome ; and
of the vultures which attacked Vitellius while he
was sacrificing, likewise betray evident marks of
fiction. It is difficult to explain the statement of
Plutarch that the Romans made much use of this
bird in auguries, except by supposing that he re-
fers to the practice of the Romans in countries
where it was more often seen than in Italy. The
circumstances in the natural history of the vul-

ture reported by the aruspex Umbricius, are
imaginary, and imply no personal knowledge of
the habits of the bird. The story of the two vul-
tures with brazen necklaces, which appeared to
the army of Marius before a victory, is not fixed
to any locality, and is moreover a manifest fable
in the form in which it is related to us. Livy's
account of the non-appearance of the vulture at
Rome during the murrain and pestilence of
174 — 5 B.C., implies that its appearance was natu-
rally to be expected on such an occasion. Never-
theless, if there had been any vultures in the
country near Rome, they would doubtless have
devoured the dead bodies, without caring for the
cause of their death.

It may be considered as tolerably certain
that the vulture was as rare a visitant of the
plains of Italy in ancient as it is in modern times.
The ancients were not always precise in distin-
guishing species in natural history; thus they
confounded the cat and the weasel, two species
which seem to us very different ; and it is proba-
ble that they may have sometimes confounded the
eagle or other large carnivorous bird with the
vulture. Some vestiges of this confusion are visi-
ble in Pliny, N. H. x. 3., and it appears to occur
in some passages of the Old and New Testament.
(See Winer, B. R, W., art. Abler.) Aristotle, H.
N. ix. 32., describes the percnopterus as a spe-
cies of eagle, which in its habits resembles the
vulture ; and JElian, N. A. ii. 46., states that the
EBgypius is between the vulture and the eagle
(compare Camus, ib. p. 65. 622.). Modern natu-
ralists have likewise established a species of gypaii-
tus, intermediate between vultures and eagles. G.
Cuvier, in his notes to the French translation of
Pliny (tom. vii. p. 366.), remarks that the de-
scriptions of bii'ds given by the ancients are less
intelligible and exact than their descriptions of
quadrupeds and of fish ; and he thinks that this
difference is owing to the fact that their Informa-
tion respecting birds was principally derived from
the augurs, who were not agreed as to the names
of the different species which they observed for
the purposes of their superstitious craft.

The vulture, like other rapacious birds, is in
general solitary in its habits ; and the stories
of large flights of vultures on the site of Rome,
before its foundation, and afterwards among its
buildings, are quite incredible. It seems, how-
ever, that the vulture has certain habits which
give it the appearance of being a gregarious bird.
The condors sometimes haunt the same cliff in
South America to the number of twenty or
thirty ; and five or six sometimes roost on the
same tree. The Sociable vulture, a South African
bird, is so called from its habit of packing toge-
ther (Penny Cycl. ib. p. 466. 474.). Gesner, Hist.
Nat. vol. iii. p. 712., lays it down, on the autho-
rity of Belon, that the vulture is the only

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"^ S. VIII. July 2. '59.

raptorial bird which is gregarious. " Vultures soli
uncunguium gregatim degunt, ita ut aliquando
quinquaginta in uno grege appareant, ut in
^gypto se observasse scribit Bellon." Belon in-
deed states (Histoire des Oiseaux^ 1585, p. 86.)
that he had wondered at seeing troops of vultures
in the plains and deserts between Cairo and the
Ked Sea; but he explains this circumstance by
remarking that this district is traversed by camels,
many of which die there, and the vultures col-
lect around their dead bodies. Temminck, Oi-
seaux, vol. i., states of the vulture : " lis vivent
par paire, mais se reunissent en grandes troupes
It la curee autour des cadavres qu'ils eventent de
tres-loin." This habit of the vulture is alluded to
in Isaiah, xxxiv. 15. : "There shall the great owl
make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and gather
under her shadow. There shall the vultures also
be gathered, every one with her mate." Vul-
tures are attracted from various quarters to the
same spot by the presence of dead bodies ; they
are not properly birds of prey, though they feed
on carrion : hence they assemble wherever car-
rion is to be found : but the vulture is not a gre-
garious bird, and does not fly in troops like the
swan, the goose, the duck, and the rook.

In the Oneirocritica of Artemidorus, who lived
in 140 — 180 A.D., mention is made of an ancient
custom in Italy, not to kill vultures, and to con-
sider it impious to hurt them : efiadov Se n kuI eV
'iToA^a v6fii.iiJ.ov •iraKai6v' "yvvas oxik avaipovai, koI Touy
iviQefxivovs ahrots afff^eiy vo/j-i^ovaiv, i. 8. No Roman
writer alludes to this ancient custom, and it ap-
pears to be altogether unsuited to Italy. On the
other hand, we know that the native Iberian
tribes are related to have considered it an hon-
ourable and holy mode of sepulture to be de-
voured by a vulture. iElian, N. A. x. 22., says
that the Vaccaei, a Hesperian tribe, burn the
bodies of those who die a natural death, in order
to stamp their effeminate end with ignominy ; but
honour those who die in war by casting their
bodies to the vultures, believing the vulture to be
a sacred bird. In this passage, BaKKoioi for BapKcuoi,
is evidently the right reading (compare Menage,
ad Diog. Laert. vi. 79.). The Vaccsei were a
large tribe in the interior of Hispania Tarraco-
nensis. Silius says of the Celtiberians : —

" His pugna cecidisse decus, corpusque cremari
Tale nefas : coelo credunt superisque referri,
Impastus carpat si membra jacentia vultur."

iii. 341—3.

In another passage he characterises this mode
of burial as common to all Iberians : —

•' Tellure (ut perhibent) is mos antiquus IberS,
Exanima obscoenus consumit corpora vultur."

xiii. 471—2.

Concerning a similar custom of the Caspians in
Asia Minor, see Strab. xi. 11. 8.

Hence it seems probable that for 'iToAi'a, in Ar-

temidorus, we should read 'iffvavta or 'l/Srjpia. Even
at the present day the vulture occurs frequently
in Spain. G. C. Lewis.

VBESTEGAN 8 " BESTITUTION.

I have a good copy of the edit, princeps of Ver-
stegan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, 1605.

In the title-page is the name " Will. Walker,"
with the canting motto : " W^ill and Walke aright."
The initials highly ornamented, and the hand-
writing fine, about the date of Charles I. or the
Commonwealth.

The engravings are very fine. Who is the en-
graver ? No name, or initial, or mark appears
on any one of them.

The last leaf contains the arms of the Verste-
gans, inscribed at the foot : " Insignia vestustas
familisB Versteganorum," etc. Upon the back of
this leaf is the following manuscript note, in a
very difficult running secretary hand of the reign
of James I. The Latin is not first-rate : the tran-
script is perfectly accurate.

If Verstegan was the author of the acrostic on
"Elizabeth" (2°'* S. vii. 45.), he must have
changed his views a good deal after his abode at
Brussels. W. P. P.

" Verstegan was one of that devillish traytor Parsons
his agents at Bruxells in the dayes of Q. Eliz., who
being a base fellow, and haveing no more gentleman's
bloude in his bodie than in a coupeir's son, nor scant so
much of high breed may the couper be, yet toke uppoa
him to cotize the English nobles and gentles there,
affirming that there were not past 3 or 4 in those coasts
of all 0"" nation y* were of anie noble or generous blood,
coat armo' or ancestrie, viz. The Erie of Westmorlande,
the E. Dacres, and as I rememb'' the next was himself or
S' Will'm Stanley, I know not whether, but either S'
Knight or S"" Knave was in the 3<^ place. Whereuppon
followed a foule adoe in the Flemish Court for awhile,
sundrie of noble and genrous bloud being mightily dis-
graced by this base companion's information giuen to the
prince in derogation of o"^ Englishe gentrie. And this
untriall gentleman was one of that nobleman ffa'' Par-
sons spies, intelligencers, and blazoners of what infamyes
as were to be conveyed thence abroad into Italie, Spaine,
France, &c. It Theis are the wordes of W. Watson, the
Preist, in his Quodlibets of State and Religion, Quodlibet
3d, Art. 7, pag. 257.

" Where allso in the next wordes he showed how
Parsons delt seriously with the Pope about the ex-
co'icateing of the K. of Scots, James the G, o'' now
dread Sovereigne being by Parsons his traytorous
sentence denounced an obstinate hereticke, &c.

" Hsec ad insignia vetustae familiae Versteganorum
appendant' remnisci isto tenebrione et Nebu-
lone dignissimi," etc.

NEW CATALOGUE OF SHAKSPEARIANA.

{Continued from 2"'> S. vii. 438. 490.)
In continuation of the list, so well begun by
Mb. Wylib and Mb. Reid, I send the following ;

2''d S. VIII. July 2. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

none of which appear in the catalogues supplied
by those gentlemen, nor in Mr. Halliwell's Shak-
speariana, published in 1841. The arrangement
followed will facilitate reference to that work.

Single Plays.

The Merchant of Fewice.— Altered and very much im-
proved by Lord Lansdowne. 8vo. T. Johnson at the
Hague. 1711.

The Taming of the Shrew. — Cobler of Preston ("an al-
teration of The Taming of the Shrew). By Mr. Johnson.
Front. 1716.

Macbeth. — French, par J. F. Ducis. 8vo. Paris. 1816.

1623, with the variations of 1632, 1664, and

1687, with notes (in German). By DeUus. 8vo. Bre-
men, 1841.

Henry /F. — With the Humors of Sir John Falstaff, a
Tragi-Comedy. London. 1710. Unique, probably printed
abroad.

Henry VI. — The Roses, or King Henry the 6th, al-
tered by Dr. Valpj'. 8vo. Reading. 1795.

Richard III.— ^io. London. 1605. Printed by Tho-
mas Creede, and are to be sold by Mathew Lawe.
Copy in the Bodleian library [Unique?].

. Newly altered by Bridgman. 8vo. 1820.

Coriolanus. — Italian. 8vo. Florence. 1834.

Juliui Ccesar. — 4to. London. 1684.

4to. London, n. d. [1696 ?].

Italian. Florence. 1829.

Latine redditam, a Henrico Denison. 8vo. Lon-
don. 1856.

Translated into French Verse with the English

Text at the foot of the pages ; preceded by a Study, and
followed by Notes. By C. Carlhaut. Paris. 1856.

King Lear. — Collated with the old and modern editions
[by C. Jennens]. 8vo. 1770.

French. 8vo. Paris. 1783.

English and German. 12mo. Leipzig. 1794.

Romeo and Juliet. — French. Paris. 1772.

French. Par J. F. Ducis. 8vo. Paris. 1813.

— Italian. Rome. 1826.

Hamlet. — 4to. London. 1676. The first 4to. edition
after the Restoration. The text is very depraved, but it
was reprinted many times, even so late as 1737.

An Opera, as it is performed at the Queen's

Theatre in the Haymarket, London. 1712. — Founded,
not on Shakspeare's Play, but upon the old " Historie of
Hamlet."

French. Par J. F. Ducis. 8vo. Paris. 1816.

Othello. — German. Leipzig. 1802.

German. Jena. 1806.

French. Par J. F. Ducis. 8vo. Paris. 1817.

Commentaries, Essays, S^c.

Antient and Modern Stages Survey'd. By J. Drake,
1699.

(Contains curious early specimens of Shakspearian criti-
cism.)

Hypolitus Earl of Douglas, with the Secret History of
Mack-beth King of Scotland, taken from a very ancient
MS. 8vo. 1708.

Of Verbal Criticism, an Epistle to Mr. Pope, occa-
sioned bv Theobald's Shakspeare, and Bentley's Milton.
Fol. 1733.

(A satire on the Shakspearian commentators.)

Essay on Wit, Humor, &c., aild on the Character of
Sir John Falstaff and others. 1744.

Falstaff's Wedding, a Comedy written in imitation of
Shakspeare, by W. Kerrick. London, 1773.

Letters of Literature, with Critical Remarks on Shak-
speare. By J. P. Heron (Robert Pinkerton). 8yo. 1786.

lago displayed, showing how Cassio accused lago of
corruption, n. d.

Essays by a Society of Gentlemen at Exeter [on lago,
Shylock, &c.]. 8vo. Exeter. 1796.

Precious Relics ; or the Tragedy of Vortigern rehearsed.
A dramatic piece in two acts. London, 1796.

Letters from an English Traveller, and a Fragment of
Shakspeare. By Rev, Martin Sherlock. 2 vols. 8vo.
London. 1802.

Essay on Henry V. when Prince of Wales. By Alex,
Luders. 8vo. London. 1813.

Literary History of the 18th Century. By J. Nichols.
8vo. London. 1817. The second volume.

(This volume contains pp. 189-654., the Shakspearian
correspondence of Lewis Theobald, Dr. Thirlby, and Mr,
Warburton.)

Essav on the Genius of Shakspeare, By H, M, Graves,
12mo. 'Lond. 1826.

An Appendix to the Works of Shakspeare, containing
his Life by Skottowe; his Poems, a critical Glossary
compiled from Nares and others. Roy. 8vo, Leipzic,
1826.

The Life and Humors of Falstaff. A Comedy, com-
piled from Shakspeare. 12mo. Lond. 1829.

Catalogue of the various Articles contained in Clara
Fisher's Shakspearian Cabinet. 8vo. 1830.

Shakspeare and his Commentators, from Lowndes'
Bibliographical Manual. Post 8vo. Lond. 1831.
(Only 52 copies printed.)

Da Ponto (Luigi) Giulietta e Romeo, Novella Storica,
la Novella di Baudello, il Poemetti di Clizia ed altre,
con lUustrazioni Storiche e Bibliographiche. A. Torri.
Pisa, 1831. Plates.

Lectures on Shakspeare. By R. B. Hardy. 18mo.
1834.

Oration on the Life, Character, and Genius of Shak-
speare. Bv George Jones. 8vo. 1836.

Chefs d'CEuvre de Shakspeare, Othello, Hamlet, Mac-
beth, Richard III., Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Ve-
nice, in French and English on opposite pages, with
Notes critiques et historiques par D. O'Sullivan. 2
vols. 1837.

Proposal for erecting a Monument to Shakspeare. 8vo.
1837.

Falstaff, a Shakspearian Tract. By J. H. Hackett.
1840. Privately printed.

Essay on English Tragedy, with Remarks on Shak-
speare. By — Guthrie. 8vo.

What does Hamlet mean ? 8vo. Lond.

Commentaries on the Historical Plays of Shakspeare.
By the Hon. T, P. Courtenay. 2 vols. 8vo. London,
1840.

Letter to John Murray upon an aesthetic Edition of
the Works of Shakspeare. By Spencer Hall. Roy, 8vo.
London. 1841.

Shakespeare AfFe oder Leben un Lieben ein Lustspiel,
Bern, Brummer. 8vo. Amberg. 1841.

A House for Shakspeare, a Proposition for the Con-
sideration of the Nation. By W. Wilson. 8vo.

Omtrekken eener Algemeene Litteratuur oder William
Shakespeare en Deszelf Werken door J. MouUn,
(Tweedstuck). 8vo. Te Kampen. 1845.

(A very useful Bibliography, as it points out the
various Essays, &c. that have been published in periodi-
cals, English as well as foreign.)

Hamlet, an Attempt to find the Key to a great moral
Problem. By E. Strachey. 8vo. London. 1848.

Shakespeare, von G. G. Gervinus. 8vo. Leipzig. 1849.

(A Biography of the Poet, and Remarks on his Works.
4 vols.)

Account of the Chandos Portrait of Shakspeare. 8vo.
London. 1849.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[a^'i S. VlII. July 2. '^0,

Prize Essay on the Historical Plaj's of Shakspeare.
8vo. London'. 1850.

A new Boke about Shakspeare and Stratford-upon-
Avon. By J. O. Halliwell. 4to. London. 1850.
(Printed for private circulation.)

Sentiments and Similes of William Shakspeare, illu-
minated in the ancient iMissal Style. By H. N. Hum-
phrey. 4to. London. 1851.

Truths illustrated by {rreat Authors. A Dictionary of
nearly 4000 Aids to Reflexion, Quotations, &c., from
Shakspeare and other great Writers. 8vo. London.
1852.

Chasles (Philartte) Etudes sur Shakspeare, Marie
Stuart et Aretin. 8vo. Paris

The Text of Shakspeare : an Article in North British
Review, December, 1853. [By G. L. Craik.]

The Wisdom and Genius of Shakspeare, comprising
Moral Philosophy, Delineations of Character, &c. 12rao.
London. 1853.

Collier, J. P., Alte Handschriftliche Emendationem
zum Shakespeare gewilrdigt von Dr. Delias. Bonn.
1853.

Leo, F. A., BeitrUoje und Verbesserungen zu Shake-
speare's Dramen. Berlin. 1853. [On J. P. Collier's
Folio, 1G32.]

New Readings in Shakspeare : in Blackwood's Maga-
zine for .August, September, and October, 1853.

Der Perkin's Shakspeare. By T. Momnisen. 8vo.
Berlin. 1854.

The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakspeare unfolded.
By Delia Bacon, with a Preface by Nat. Hawthorne.
8vo. London. 1857.

The Beauties of Shakspeare; a Lecture delivered at
Stratford-on-Avon, 23rd April, 1857. By John Wise.
London. 1857.

Shakspeare's Sonnets : an Article in the Westminster
Review for April (?) 1857.

L. A. B. W.

C8. Bolsover Street, W.

GLEANINGS FROM WEITBKS OF THE SEVENTEENTH
CENTUKY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF PKOVERBS, WORDS,
ETC.

(Contviued/rom 2"<» S. vi. 321.)
Words : —

" We live in a stupid age. The greatest stroakes of
God, if any whit remote, scarce make the least dint :
those that cut to the quick usually be doft too soon." —
Remains of Mr. Richard Capel. London, 1658. Prefatory
Address.

" We may be left to green heads, to those that be little
better than children." — lb.

" He would bolt out that, out of the holy book of God,
that would not come into another man's consideration."
—lb.

" 'Tis no wonder, then, that the cream of the whole
country . , . would hang on his ministry." — lb.

"He would be far front those battohgies and miserable
extravagancies," &c. — lb.

" Sometimes in such dumps," &c. — lb.

" Get we then to God, He can stablish the shuttle
heart." — lb.

" Again, gingle not with termes that be improper in
matters of Religion. " — lb.

" Learn to be more above board in all our dealings."
— lb.

"Not to the half nor quarterth part of a common apo-
tliecarie's bill." — lb.

"Erasmus hurt the Pope more by his jesting than
Luther by his ruffling," Sic. — Reviams of Mr. Richard
Capel. London, 1658. Prefatory Address.

" Age creeping one" — lb.

" These and his other eminencies would be laid in oule
&nd lime by him that hath a better pencil." — lb.

"There's an immanent wheres not a transient power
to edifie." — lb.

" Some scapes in the printing," p 80. of the following
Treatise on the Translation of the Holy Scriptures ; —

" That we may not leave any rubb in the consciences of
the weak. — lb., p. 19.

_ (In this treatise the word sith occurs twelve
times.)

" In this universal scare-fire." — The Balm of Gilead.
A Sermon preached by Anih. Tucknerj, D.D., Aug." 30, 1643,
London, 1654, p. 11.

" Like a wruckt man," &c. — lb., 13.

"Be a means that she (i. e. vour native countrv),
which hath suckled you with lier milk, may not "be
slocken in her own blood." — Jb., 44.

" You shall find all hopes and expectations dasht, all
ankers coming home," &c. — lb., 56.

"Anker, shipicrack." — lb., 62.

"If circumstances can i((?i?e» them of the largest size."

— lb., 74.

" Death's sting can pierce, even to the quick, through
such a callous brawnynesse." — A. Tuckney's Sermon on
Death disarmed, p. 25.

"He thinks he is still raiding and tossing in the tem-
pest."—76., 109.

" Then all vizards will be laid aside, all black patches
and beauty spnts that covered foul sores will he pluckt off."

I' No more is a true godly spirit hindered in his way by
this scorn (or reproach), then one riding on with strength
in his journey, hindred by the barking of ivhappets at his
horse heeh." —r Burroughs on the Excellency of a Gracious
Spirit. London, 1638,"p. 64.

"The child that thou snibbedst and reprovest." — Bur-
roughs on Hosea. London, 1652, vol. i. p. 52.

" Bewetted with the tempest." — lb , bb.

I' Because God revealeth such rich grace in the middest
of judgment, let this engage your hearts to the Lord for
ever." — lb., 72.

" It hath been matter enough for a godly, painful, con-
scionable minister to be outed of all he hath in an in-
stant."—/6., 82.

" Many times in dark corners in the country where
they never had the knowledge of Jesus Christ, but were
nuzled up in Poperj', and all kinds of superstitious
vanity." — lb., 85.

" A dead luskish spirit is liable to a thousand tempta-
tions."—/A., 92.

" We shall have nothing but braUlng and divisions ;
what shall every man be left to do what he list?" —
lb., 98.

"They have wide, checker, lyiher consciences, and hav-
ing ends of their own, they will yield to anything for the
attaining of those ends." — lb., 102.

" What kind of dangers did inviron the Church, and
do inviron it." — lb., 116.

"Those on ship-board shoot out to have them come to
helpe,"&c. — 7A., 149.

"The^' (children) should be very carefull in keeping
their due respect to their parents, and not speak malla-
perlly." — lb., 152.

"Pride, arrogancy, mallapertness." — lb., 159.

" We have already met with as tickle points as can be."

— 7^,161.

Sb-JS-VIII. Jt)LY2. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

" They did batten themselves, and suck out the Egyp-
tifin manners." — Burroughs on Hosea. London, 1C52,
vol. i. 172.

" If this affliction that thou dost so riggle to get out of,
and thinkest thyself so miserable under it, had not be-
faliie. thee, thou mightest have /a/n into the pit, and been
"lost." — lb., 240.

"They keep a rigllng and a stirre." — lb., 246.

" Now I have no heart to pray ; vea, I must be haled to
it."— /&., 250.

" Conscience hales them to duty." — lb., 463.

" The i>f '■• of the feast himself came in." — lb., 258.

" The English word lewd comes from loed, an old Saxon
•word, which signifieth one that is of a servile disposition,
of an under spirit," §-c. — lb., 277.

" When afflictions come on the wicked they are all
Amort." — lb., 283. ; also vol. iv. 200.

"Their hearts were put all a^ojr with their feasts." —
lb. 287.

" When you hear oi Incomes of riches flowing in upon
you,"&e. — 76., 317,

" To draw them aside from the clutter of the world."

" They had some incklings of while thev were here." —
lb., 359."

"You have/e/cAes because you meet with difficulties in
yonr way." — lb., 424.

" Much adoe there is before our hearts can be gotten to
work towards God in good earnest." — lb., 443.

" They are very hot about a very poore, sorry, cold
businesse." — lb., 452.

" We lay it (a filthy garment), soaking a great while,
and a frosting many nights, the Jews have lyne a soaking
and frostning many hundred yeeres." — lb., 500.

" Not long since . . . what sumptuous things and
fine knaclis had they, and all to set out a pompous super-
stitious way of worship." — lb., 412.

" One that hathe beene acquainted with the free grace of
God in Christ, will serve God for himself without indent-
ing with Him : he will be willing to go into God's vine-
yard, and not indent for a penny a daj'." — lb., 206.

," This is the reason that your Bride-well or Gaole-
birds seldome or never come to good; why? because
they have no bridle to keep them in; they have lost all
their honour, and they can loose no more." — lb., 215. ;
and vol. iv. 35.

" The word that signifies detractor in the Hebrew is
Rachil, and some think our English word Rake-hell
comes from that word, one that makes no conscience to
speak falsely." — lb., ii. 44.

" Those were a company of Promoters, Apparitors, and
Baylifs."— 76., ii. 47.

" Many young men that have lived in good families,
and had good governors, then their sin was restrained ;
but afterward, when they come to live at their own hand,
then they break out, erumpunt then." — lb., 59.

" You shall find them by their very gate, they walk
so peartley abroad. — lb., 112.

" It is your fault you have bezelled it away." — lb., 212.

" But presently lay in a wanzeing, languishing, sence-
less condition, and so died. — lb., 645.

" There is a sullen dumpish sighing of spirit and de-
jection of soul that is as unpleasing to God as it is to
men."— Vol. iii. 168.

" A wicked swearing deboist officer that hath a spight
against godly men in an arm}', will set them on the most
desperat service," &c. — lb., 257.

" Tradesmen oppress their debtors, when they have
gotten poor men into their debts, then thej' will make
them that they shall buj' of them, and of none other, and
so will put off any of their braided ware to them, and
put it off at a deer rate." — Vol. iv. 314. .

" You that have good voiages abroad." — lb. 328.

"Oh! how ridged are they." — Burroughs on Hosea.
London, 1652, vol. iv. 301.
" He is severe and he is ridged." — lb., 170.
" Some, behave themselves so ridgedlg." — lb., 341.
" Roughues-s and ridgedness, and cruelty." — lb., 390.

(Query. Do these last quotations suggest a
different origin of the word from the Latin rigidus,
from which rigid is usually derived ?)

Proverbs and Sayings, ^c. —

" The country proverb is Hear as hogs in harvest. . . .
When they are gotten into good shach, when they at
home call them and knock at the trough, the hogs will
lift up their heads out of the stubble and listen, but fall
to their shack again." — Giles Firmin, Bcal C'iristia}i,1670.
p. 11.

" It is a terrible proverb, but I believe too true, ' Hell
is paved with the sculls of great scholars, and paled in
with the bones of rich men." — 76 , 30.

" We say of a man, ♦ I will winter him and summer
him, eat a bushel of salt with him, before I can trust him
as a bosom friend.' . . . We say of some men, ' The}' aro
such subtle deceivers they will cheat a man though he
stand, and look on them." — lb., 242.

" A short .':purt doth not tire me, the length and hard-
ness of the w^ay will at last tell me what leg 1 halt on." —
Anth. l\ckney's Sermon on Balm of Gilead, p. 65.

" Death (if nothing before), will break many a knot of
good fellows." — A. Tuckney's Serm. Death Disarmed, p. Ii.

" I am not so strait-laced or superstitious." — lb., 35.

" It seemeth that he had his faith at his finger's ends."
—lb., 50.

" A believer in the outlet of his life hath his out-gate
from all which in this life most troubled and wounded
him."— 76., 81.

" They that ha.\e feathered their nests in the world," &c.
—76., 123.

" He who in a course of mortification hath done the
greater will not stick at the lesse ; will not stick to part
Avith his dear life, who by the grace of Christ hath al-
ready parted with his dearer lust." — Jb., 137.

" Too fierce we be against such as close not with our
notions. It was Bell, Book, and Candle once, 'tis not
much better now. . . We cannot all cut to a thread, there
will be some variation in the compasse ; but whilest we
aim at the white, the oddes is to be passed by without
bitterness." — Cupel's Remains, Prefatory Address.

" Whilst we be so sharp in our contests,- Satan makes
his markets; Religion goes to wrack, our differences
widen." — 76.

" He charged his servants to do what few men prac-
tice ; never to set in corn, nor to bring home cattle, but
to take as the market would afford." — 76.

" It is an usuall thing when men are in the height of
their pride and their ruffe, like the wild asse's colt, to
scorn and condemn all that comes against them." — Bur-
roughs on Hosea,i. 13.; also, iii. 135.

" We say, that which commeth from the heart, will go to
the heart." — 76., 16.

f> " How many have j'ou known who have been willing
0 part with that which they had, and to put out, as it
were, to the wide world? — 76., 76.

" You are exceedingly gulled with this argument many
times."— 76., 80.

" I were as good hold my peace, sleepe in a whole skin,
and be quiet." — 76. 156.

" God accounts those who have never so mnch know-
ledge, yet if it do not sanctifie the Heart so as to give
Him the glory, they are blinde, blinde as a beetle." — 76., 264.

" Perhapsmany of you have been kind to your friends,
and made them, as we say." — lb., 267.

8

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. July 2. '69.

" Rich men who are full-handed do not understand
what a burthen it is for men to hang on every bush." —
Burroughs on Rosea. London, 1652, vol. i. 303.

" If there be no peace in the heart, though you should
live to see outward peace, your sins would dog you, would
pursue vou, the terrors of the Almighty would he on you,"
&c. — ib., 427.

" In that they have staid, and born the brunt." — lb., 457.

" It was wont to be a phrase, brown bread and the gospel
is good fare." — lb., 499. Also, vol. ii. 217.

"You often tell your lavish wasting servants, they
will be glad of a crust before they die." — JR>., 276.

" These people have Gunpowder spirits, that a little
spark of fire can so quickly blow them up." — lb., vol.
ii. 22.

" Those things that one would think were as plain (as
we saj') as the nose on a man's face." — Ib. 25.

" How diametrically cross is the language of Scripture,
and the doctrine of Papists ! Ignorance is the mother of
devotion, say they : * Ignorance is the mother of destruc-
tion,' saith God, * they perish for the waixt of knowledge.' "

— /'•., 90.

" Like your Chancellors and Commisaries Courts that
were wont to be, they cared not what offences there were,
they rejoiced at long presentments, all brought giist to their
mill." — lb., lOQ.

" Ministers were oppressed in their estates, their liber-
ties, but especially in their consciences, if they would not
be like the fiddler's boy, be ready to dance after every pipe."

— 76., 466.

" Wise discerning men can see day at a little hole, as we
use to say." — R., 562.

" You put me to a stand, you even non plus me in this
thing." — lb., 568. Also, vol. iii. 263.

" They boulstered up themselves." — lb., 598.

" We use to say, ' Well, you shall never be a peny the
better for me.' " — Ib., 605.

" They had a proverb in Germany, that the monks
were so wicked, there was nothing so bad which they
could think of, but they would dare do it." — lb., 632.

" They /afAered their errors on me." — J6., 686.

" Now, their hearts are like to dead beer, all their spirit
and life is quite gone." — lb., 128.

" Many have very fair pretences, they think they have
this, and that warrant out of the Scripture for it, but all
the while there is a pad in the straw, there is their living
and trading, and estates and friends that they have an
eye upon, and it is that which byasses their hearts and
spirits." • — Vol. iii. 153.

" If the worst come that can, I hope we may have time
enough to get one way or other to make shift to live, and
these back doors that their eyes are upon, have made them
less solicitous about, and less helpful in the great things
that God calls all together to joyn together with al their
strength," &c. — lb., 182.

" No men or women have their hearts sink in despera-
tion more than those that, in ruffe of their pride, are the
most bold and presumptuous against God, and His ser-
vants." — lb., 360.

" Justice should be like the water in the Thames, that
the poorest of all, may have it, for the very fetching ofH0

— Ib., 374.

" Oh ! what foul souls many of them have, their beauty
is but skin deep." — lb., 434.

" We use to say, ' it's a woman's reason to say, I will
do such a thing because / wil it.' " — Vol. iv. 80.

" They leave them in the lurch many times." — lb., 172.

" If those who are the dear Saints of God, that worship
Him in truth and sincerity, and have evils among them,
but yet they sh nil not escape scot free, Oh! then, what
will become of thee." — lb., 215.

"Ofgoodsillgot,
The third heir joyeth not."
Burroughs on Hosea. London, 1652, vol. iv. 819.
" We call rich men substantial men, such a man (we
saj') is a substantial man, for indeed all the substance
that the world looks after is riches, they account it sub-
stance."— lb., 325.

" Having got himself warm in the nest," &c. — lb., 423.
" As we speak of some, ' Give them line enough, and
they will quickly hang themselves." — lb., 517.

" They are presently upon the merry pin," — lb., iii. 139.

S. M. S.
(Zb he continued.')

Sqimring the Circle. — Of course you and many
of your readers are acquainted with the game of
" squaring " a given word, which has of late been
current in society. I do not know whether any
notice of this ingenious amusement falls within
your field. If so, you will perhaps put upon
record the " squaring of the circle " which I send
you. It is as follows : —

c

I

B

C

L

E

I

c

A

E

U

S

K

A

B

E

S

T

C

R

E

A

T

E

ESTEEM.

The condition of this squaring is that every
line, horizontal and vertical, shall be a known
word.

There are very probably other ways of " squar-
ing the circle :" if so, I should be glad to see them.

I may remark that the reason why the circle is
especially difficult to square in this way is, that
in it three consonants come together, r c l ; and
these of course, in making the other words, must
each be followed by a vowel or a liquid. W. W.

Oxfordshire Proverb. — In Fuller's Worthies of
Oxfordshire, I find the following proverb among
the old county sayings, and forward it with a por-
tion of the author's comment. Let me add that
the large sweeping dress, at present in fashion,
has been a subject of reproof and satire whenever
It has appeared, from the time of Latimer to this
day. Farthingales^ or verdingales, are defined by
Johnson as " circles of whalebone used to spread
out the petticoat to a wide circumference" : —
" Send Verdingales to Broad Gates * in Oxford.

" This will acquaint us with the female habit of former
ages, used not only by the gadding Dinahs of that age,
but by most sober Sarahs of the same — so cogent is a
common custom. With these verdingales, the gowns of

* The allusion is to Pembroke College, in Oxford,
which at one time " received the name of Broad Gates
from the wide form of its entrance, ' Aula cum lata portS.,'
or ' Aula latfe portensis.' "

2'"» S. VIII. July 2. '59.'^

NOTES AND QUERIES.

women beneath their waists were pent-housed out far
beyond their bodies; so that posterity will wonder to
what purpose those bucklers of paste-board were em-
ployed These by degrees grew so vast, that their

wearers could not enter (except going side- long) at any
ordinary door ; which gave the occasion to this proverb.
But these verdingales have been disused these forty years ;
whether because women were convinced in their con-
sciences of the vanity of this, or allured in their fancies
with the novelty of other fashions, I will not {^termine."

Fbancis Trench.
Islip.

Bartholomew Thomas Duhigg. — Mr. Duhigg,
Librarian to the Honourable Society of King's
Inns, Dublin, devoted no small portion of bis
time to legal study and publication ; as proved by
his Letter to the Right Hon. Charles Abbot, on the
Arrangement of Irish Records, Sfc. (8vo. Dublin,
1801); his King' s Inns Remembrances (8vo. Dublin,
1805); and his more comprehensive work, en-
titled History of the King's Inns, or, an Account
of the Legal Body in Ireland, from its Connexion
with England (8vo., Dublin, 1806).

Mr. Rohn, in his edition of Lowndes's Manual,
informs us that the History of the King's Inns is
"in three Parts, two Parts published;" but this
is an inaccuracy. I have Part III., as well as the
other two, at this moment before me.

The pamphlet, entitled King's Inns Remem-
brances; is " an Account of Irish Judges on the
Revival of the King's Inns Society in 1607 ;" and
in a note appended to Part III. of his History, the
author states that " he is anxiously determined to
complete King's Inns Remembrances, or an ac-
count of eminent legal men fi'om the earliest sera
in Irish annals, and also an History of the late
Union." Did Mr. Duhigg carry his intentions
into effect ? When did he die ? And has any
biographical sketch appeared in print ? Abhba.

King James's Army List. — Mr. D'AIton (at p.
728.) says that Colonel Rochfort was tried in
1651 for being a Royalist. Mason, in his History
of St. Patrick's, Dublin, gives the details of the
court martial ; from which it would appear that
he was tried 9th March, 1651, for the murder of
his major — a very different offence. He was
found guilty, and sentenced to death ; but the
sentence was not executed for upwards of a year.
Mr. D'AIton has also fallen into mistakes about the
creation of sundry baronetcies, which he says were
granted before in reality the order was in exist-
ence. Y. S. M.

" Memoirs of General Joseph Holt." — In p. xxii.
of the Preface to the Memoirs of Joseph Holt, it
is stated that " the manuscript of these volumes
[2 vols. 8vo. London, 1838] was procured by Sir
William Betham from Joseph Harrison Holt, the
son of the writer, not long after his father's
death." And in the Catalogue of the late Mr.
Thos. Crofton Croker's library, which was sold by

Messrs. Puttick & Simpson in 1834, there ap-
pears, amongst other MSS., the following item: —

« 592. Memoirs of Holt, General of the Irish Rebels,
edited from his original MSS. by T. Crofton Croker, the
MS. in Mr. Croker's hand." •

I have this MS. in my possession ; and it is
curious, containing much more than what has
been printed, and showing the many alterations
made by the editor. Where is the original MS.
at present ? I may add what is not mentioned
by Mr. Croker, that Holt and his wife lie buried
in the old churchyard of Monkstown, near Dub-
lin ; and that there is a headstone to their me-
mory, " erected by their eldest son, Joshua Holt
of Sydney." Abhba.

Provincial Words : "Pishty," " Cess-here." — In
parts of Gloucestershire a young dog is called a
pishty, and is invited to come by the words ^'pishty,
pishty." In like manner a dog is invited to come
to his food thus, "Cess-here, cess-here." Is either
of these words used elsewhere ? and whence are
they derived or corrupted ? P. P. Q.

^ntvitg.

ABIGAIL HILL.

It will be admitted by everyone who has given
much attention to the four last years of Q. Anne's
reign, — when, more than at any other period of
English history, since the Revolution of 1688, the
succession to the throne trembled in the balance, —
that the ruling spirit of that eventful period was
Abigail, Lady Masham. The comparative obscu-
rity into which her name has since fallen may be,
in a great measure, attributable to that unobtru-
siveness, — not the least singular point in her very
remarkable character, — which led her to content
herself with the reality of power, and avoid its
parade. Hence, while Sir Walter Scott styles
her truly " the patroness of Tories," less discern-
ing writers have spoken of her as a creature or
tool in the hands of that party : a supposition,
one would think, sufficiently refuted by the plain
facts, that, after rescuing her royal mistress from
the intolerable yoke of the Marlboroughs, Abigail
Hill removed Lord Treasurer Gndolphin to make
room for her cousin Harley ; and, again, removed
Harley with as little ceremony when it appeared
that he hesitated to go the required lengths to-
wards the restoration of the Queen's brother.

There can be no reasonable doubt that the
character of Lady Masham (naturally in her
own time the butt of political squibs and ribaldry
from the opposite party) is not in the present day
fairly appreciated. Miss Strickland, however,
writes : —

" Lady Masham wrote in a better style than Secretary
Harley or any of the courtiers of the era ; as any one

10

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2««» S. Till. July 2. '69.

may ascertain who compares their respective composi-
tions. It is liltewise undeniable that her letters surpass
those of the authors and poets among whose correspond-
ence they are found."

I subjoin a genealogical scrap, and shall be glad
if any of your readers can throw light on a point
of which I have hitherto met no elucidation, — the
connexion between Abigail Hill and the Harley
family. Harley's mother, it is well known, was
A-bigail Stephens of Essington, in Gloucestershire ;
on the other hand, the mother of Abigail Hill was
a grand-daughter of Sir J. Jennings, — a cousin,
therefore, of the Duchess Sarah.

(Of the family of De la Hill, Kilininton, Devon,

Sj» Robert Hill. < Judge of Common Pleas under Hen. IV., Hen.

I (. v., and Hen. TI., High Sheriff of DeTon, 1437.

Bobert.

I

Richard, settled at Truro about 1600.

Richard, Treasurer to the "Long Pari., 1G12-49,
Abraham, First Treasurer to the R. Society.
Richard, died without issue.

Thomas.

I
Francis.

I
Abigail, William.
Lady Masham. |

William.
Peter.

Samuel Lord Masham,
died without issue,
1776.

Anne, married
Henry Hoare,

Esq., 1736.

William=Anne Vivian.

^1

Capt. Thos. HiU=P. Grenfell.

ReT.Pascoe Grenfell Hill, present representative of the family.

H. D'AVENEY.

Norwich.

ZACHABY BOYD.

Believing that a correspondent of " N. & Q."
can resolve most questions relating to the literary
productions of the Rev. Zachary Boyd, I beg to
inquire if he can furnish any precise information
regarding the dates and peculiarities of the several
editions of The Psalmes of David in Meeter, by the
Minister of the Baronie Church ?

I have a copy of that Prirded at Glasgow hy the
Heires of Geo. Anderson, 1648, where the author,
in an address To the R. Rev. the faithfull Minis-
ters of God's Word of Britain and Ireland, says,
in 1644 he put his hand to this work of the
Psalmes, "whereof I give you now the last edition."
Again, "I hope the judicious reader shall finde
this last edition mended in many things ; and, if
any thing hath been observed by any in former
editions, let them consider it to bee mended in
this last;" which several passages indicate at least
a third impression; but as Mr, Neil, and others,
specially name a third edition under date 1646, I
suppose I must consider mine the fourth, and
most probably the final completion of the travells
of Mr. Zachary in this line.

In my book the prose alternates with the meeter,
and there is subjoined "The Songs of the Old
and New Testament," with the same imprint, pre-
ceded by an address, dated Glasgow, 27th Feb.
1648, wherein he states that he had been ex-
pressly charged with this work by the General
Assembly in 1647. I have in vain tried to make
up a Note of the several impressions of this re-
markable version, and I shall be glad if your cor-
respondent's extensive diggings in this old field
enables him to supply what is wanting in this re-
spect in Laing, Holland, Cotton, and others.

J. O.

Rev. P. Rosenhagen — his literary Repidation. —

" The Revd. Philip Eosenhagen is lost because he pub-
lished nothing with his name. But he was very well
known in the literary world, and better still in the con-
vivial world ; this, however, must have been more ajter
1774 than before. He had the sort of reputation to which
Theodore Hook should attach a name, as the brightest
and most enduring instance of it." — Athenaeum, 1858,
p. 268.

Can any of his writings or wit be now traced ?

J. Md.

Family of Watson, Yorkshire. — Can any of
your readers who are learned in Yorkshire gene-
alogies clear up the following for me ? In a His-
tory of the Family of Baird of Auchmedden, Sj-c.
recently published in Edinburgh, I find it stated
that a James Baird married " Jane Watson of
Bilton Park, Yorkshire." It is about this Jane
Watson that I wish information, as I can find no
notice of any family of this name in connexion
with Bilton Park, near Aynsty, which is, I be-
lieve, the only Bilton Park in Yorkshire. It is also
stated in the work quoted that the family to which
Jane Watson belonged afterwards took the name
of " Wood- Watson," and resided at " Malton Ab-
bey ; " but here again I can find no trace of the
name. I am inclined to believe that Bilton and
Malton must be misprints or errors of some sort.
I may state that in an old MS. vol., in the hand-
writing of the above Jane Watson, I find inscribed
the names " Elizabeth Watson," "Eliz. Holcombe,
her Book, 1703," and "Thos. Dalrymple," and
" John Dalrymple," who were in all probability
relatives of the Jane Watson in question.

Sigma Theta.

Lambert: Geering. — The Rev. Thomas Lambert
of Drogheda died in 1661, leaving four children :
1. James ; 2. George (father of Ralph, Bishop of
Meath) ; 3. Anne, wife of Mathew Geering ; 4.
a daughter, wife of John Brunker. Wanted,
Mr. Lambert's pedigree. Was he of the York-
shire family ? What was his daughter, Mrs.
Brunker's name ? and who was Mathew Geering ?

Y. S. M,

2"<> S. VIII. July 2. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

11

" Urban" as a Christian Name. — This has been
a family name amongst the Vigers of the co. of
Carlow for about 250 years, but I am not able to
mention its origin, or any other family in which
it has been borne ? Can any of your correspond-
ents assist me? Y. S. M.

" Night, a Poem." — Can any reader tell me the
niime of the author of Night, a poem, 8vo. Glas-
gow, 1811 ? The book was cut up in the Monthly
Review, and the critics received back some of their
abuse in a second work by the author, entitled
Peter Faultless, and other Poems, 8vo. Edinburgh,
1820. J. 0.

Randolph FitZ'Eustace. — Who is the author of
7'he Brides of Florence, a play in five acts, illus-
trative of the manners of the Middle Ages, by
Randolph Fitz -Eustace: published by Hurst,
Robinson & Co., London, and A. Constable & Co.,
Edinburgh, 8vo., 1824 ? The volume is dedicated
to Lieut.-General and Mrs. Mclntyre. Sigma.

Mrs, Jane Marshall. — Can any of your readers
give me any account of Mrs. Jane Marshall [Mari-
shall ?], authoress of Sir Harry Gayglove, a
comedy, 8vo. (Edinb. ?), 1772? She is also the
authoress of Clarinda Cathcart and Alicia Mon-
tague. The two works last mentioned I suppose
are novels. Sigma.

Puhlishing lefore the Invention of Printing. —
How did authors set about publishing their writ-
ings before the invention of printing ? Where
can any detailed answer to this question be found,
or any information on its subject ? W. P. P.

Heraldic Query, — Arms in an old carved
Jacobean mantelpiece at Winchester. Quarterly,
1st and 4th, a cross bottonnee ; 2nd, a fret ; 3rd,
two bars. Crest. Over a squire's helmet, a
goat's* head, rising from a ducal coronet. Motto.
A foy et e B. B. Woodward.

Ephraim Pratt. — In Kirby's Wonderful Mu-
seum, vol. v., is given a long list of persons who
have been remarkable for longevity. Amongst
the number appears

'' Ephraim Pratt, born in 1687, and living in Philadelphia
in 1802, at the age of 115 ; he married in his •26th year,
had six sons and daughters, and 1500 descendants in
North America. He had never been ill, never taken
physic or been bled ; his intellectual faculties and his
memory were still unimpaired."

If this account be true, Mr. Pratt's progeny
far exceeded Lady Temple's (1" S. ix.468.). I
am anxious to know something more of his his-
tory, particularly the place of his birth, and whe-
ther he was of the family of Pratt of Shotswell,

* I am not cnnJideM that the head is that of a goat ;
but it is more like it than any other heraldic beast of my
acquaintance.

Warwickshire, and Edgcott, Northamptonshire.
He may have been a son of Ephraim Pratt who
died in 1709, aged seventy- two, and whose tomb-
stone is in Edgcott churchyard. Y. S. M.

Thelusson the Banker at Paris. — An ancestor of
mine, an Englishman, resided for upwards of forty
years in Paris, and, at the age of eighty-one, died
there in the midst of the French Revolution, 1793.
He was an ecclesiastic of the Roman church, and,
therefore, could have no legal descendant except
the child of his bi'other, the only member of the
family who married. That child, my grandmother,
obtained possession after her uncle's death of some
property in the Bank of England, left by the
abbe's sister to him. So little intercourse was
there between the family, that, although he sur-
vived his sister for three years, he died uncon-
scious of this legacy, which was a considerable
one. The change of religion had estranged the
abbe from his heretic brother and child, and the
latter only heard of her uncle's death by chance
some years after it occurred.

I find it stated that Peter Thelusson, by his
will, dated 1796, purposely tied up his property for
sixty years to give the unfortunate descendants
of his customers an opportunity of claiming their
own. It is most probable that the abbe, a fellow-
countryman, trusted his property to Thelusson's
care, for none can be traced in any of the French
funds. The only record of him was the " Acte
du Dec^s," still at St. Cloud, in which it is written
that " Citoyen Luce Hooke, natif d'Ireland," was
found dead, " gitant sur un lit," by the authorities
called in on the occasion ; and there is no indica-
tion of the place in which he died, except the
general words " dans ce lieu."

I have heard it stated that Thelusson ordered
that his books should be open to the inspection of
all, but I have never been able to discover where
they were deposited. Perhaps some of your readers
can inform me ? The time has now elapsed to
make or substantiate a claim to any of his pro-
perty, and the matter has settled down into a
literary curiosity. N. H. R.

Robert Emmetfs Rebellion in 1803. — It will be
recollected that on Saturday, 23rd July, 1803, an
infuriated mob of assassins, in Dublin, murdered
Viscount Kilwarden, then Lord Chief Justice of
the King's Bench in Ireland ; and also Col. Lyde
Browne of the 21st Foot. At the same time an
officer, Cornet Henry Robert Cole, of the 12th Light
Dragoons, was shot at and severely wounded, but
escaped with life. These offences were committed
during the administration of the Earl of Hard-
wicke. Permit me, through the medium of " N".
& Q.," to inquire if this Col. Lyde Browne were
of the family of one of the most distinguished
vii'tuosi of this country, which claim will be indi-
cated by reference to the following publication :

12

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. VIII. JcLY 2. '59.

" Catalogo del Marmi, eccetera, del Signre. Lyde
Browne, Londra, 1779, 4to."

The coincidence of the Christian name suggests
to me that there was some relationship between
the two. The colonel I believe began his military
career in the North Gloucester Militia, as lieu-
tenant in 1793 ; but soon after entered the regu-
lar army, and arrived at the rank above-mentioned.
The worthy officer, Mr. Cole, so barbarously
treated by the villains, is, I have heard, still liv-
ing at Kew, near Richmond. 2.

Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh. — George Cro-
mer, an Englishman, was appointed Archbishop
of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland in 1522,
and died 16 March, 1543. Neither Ware nor
Harris in their Bishops of Ireland give any ac-
count of his family, where born or educated, or
of his previous appointments. I understand his
name does not appear in the registries of Oxford
or Cambridge; it is therefore probable he may
have been educated in some of the great schools
of London, and enjoyed some employment about
the court of Henry VIII. Would some of your
correspondents kindly afford me some information
as to his early life, and more of his after history
as Primate than is contained in Harris, or point
out where it could be found, either through your
columns, or by letter addressed to the Editor?

T. V. N.

Arms of John de Bohun. — In the Harl. Collec-
tion is a charter (83. D. 44.) of John de Bohun,
dated 22 Edw. III. To it is attached the seal
(elegant, and in good preservation,) of his mother,
Johanna, daughter and coheir of Wm. de Braose.
The seal has a central shield (crusuly a lion ram-
pant, Braose,) between three, all alike. Barry,-
nebule of six ; a bordure crusuly. Were these
arms borne by John de Bohun, husband of
Johanna ? Anon.

Antient Portrait. — At Brickwall, Northiam, is
a portrait on panel of a middle-aged lady, which,
from the dress and style of painting, is supposed
to be of the date either of Philip and Mary, or
early in Elizabeth's reign. On the upper corner
is a shield, bearing a coat of arms as follows :
sable, on a chevron between three saltires couped
argent, five ermine spots of the field : on the other
side of the lady's face, and corresponding in posi-
tion to the shield, is an inscription in white letters,
but, a portion of the panel having been broken off
and lost, only a part of the inscription is left ; it
is as follows, viz. : —

" Pulchrior eflSgie fac
cffisare uirgo uiro . . ."

" Viro," in the second line, is immediately un-
der "fac" in the first, and the termination of both
lines appears to have been broken off. " Fac" is
probably a portion of " facies."

Can any of your correspondents inform me
from the arms what family the lady belonged to ?
She is supposed to have been a Greenwood of
Oxfordshire or Worcestershire. Also, can you
complete the lines, or throw any light on their
meaning ? The first is, probably, " her face is
more beautiful than the effigy," which may be
hoped, otherwise she was ugly enough. But what
can the second mean ? T. E.

Thomas Randolph. — Some short time since I
was favoured with a communication from the
Marquis of Kildare, in which he mentions that he
was informed by the late Mr. Holmes of the Bri-
tish Museum, that, at the end of an old family
Bible in the possession of Mr. Shirley, at Eating-
ton Park, Warwickshire, is a note of the family of
"Thomas Randolph, Esq., Master of her Majes-
ties Portes, and Chamberlaine of the Exchequier,"
who " married Mrs. Ursula Copinger," and had a
son Ambrose, " and a daughter Frances, who mar-
ried Thomas Fitzgerald." Was this the same
person as " Sir Thomas Randolph" mentioned in
the 1st volume of Historical Notes as ambassador
from Queen Elizabeth to Scotland and France
between 1572 and 1586, and died in 1590 ? He
was ancestor of the Duke of Leinster, and I am
very desirous to ascertain something of his family,
and his armorial bearings. Y. S. M.

Drunkard's Corpse Burnt. — In the parish re-
gister of Iken, Suffolk, it is recorded that, on
Nov. 10, 1669, Edward Reeve, "nuperde Iken
Hall," returning from Saxmundham " impletus
fortioribus liquoribus," fell from his horse and
broke his neck on the spot ; " et proximo die,
vespertine tempore, in ignem posihis.^' Are any
other instances on record of this mode of dispos-
ing of the corpse of one whose death was the effect
of drunkenness ? Ache.

" Englishry " and " Irishry." — What authority
has Lord Macaulay for these words ? {Vide His-
tory of England, vol. iii. pp. 132, 133.) They
are not to be found either in Johnson or Walker.
Permit me to suggest to his Lordship the pro-
priety of translating the extracts from Spanish,
Dutch, and other foreign works inserted in his
notes, in his next edition. N. H. R.

The Qulf -stream and Climate of England. —
Can any correspondents of " N. & Q." direct me
to any recent periodical or other publication con-
taining an account of the change of the course of
the Gulf-stream, and its supposed probable influ-
ence on the climate of Great Britain ?

Jas. Dixon.

Old Bells. — I have lately seen a pair of curious
old bells : they are brass, spherical, similar in
shape to the small bells now used for ferrets, and
measure 3f inches in diameter. They are very

2n'iS. VIII. July 2. '59.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

13

neatly cast, with a projecting rim round the
centre, and a stamped pattern on the lower half,
with the letters " R. W." or " W. R." They con-
tain a loose metal ball about an ounce in weight,
and have two circular apertures in the upper part,
and a long narrow opening in the lower, and give
out a pretty loud sound when shaken ; they are
suspended by an iron link 1^ inches, through
which runs a- 2-inch iron ring, and weigh about
a pound each. Can any of your correspondents
throw a light on the use to which they were ap-
plied ? Jas. Coombs.

German Silver. — When and where was the
mixed metal, called albata, argentane^ or German
silver, first made in Europe ? B.

iWttt0r ^wtxizi Juttlb ^niiiatxi,
^^ Horw SubsecivcB," by Lord Chandos,, 1620. —
I have recently purchased, at a book- stall, a book
bearing the above title on the outside, but within
the publisher says : —

" The Author of this Booke I know not, but by chance
hearing that a friend of mine had some such papers in
hand, and hauing heard them commended, I was curious
to see and reade them ouer ; and in my opinion {which
is also confirmed by others iudicious and learned) sup-
posed if I could get the Copie, they would be welcome
abroad. My friends courtesie bestowed it freely upon
me, and my endeuour to giue you contentment, caused
mee to put it in print." He adds, "If the Book please
you, come home to my shop, j^ou shall haue it bound
ready to your hand, where in the meane time I expect
you, and remaine At your command Ed. Blovkt."

The title-page runs thus : " Horce Subseciuce ;
Observations and Discovrses. London : printed
for Edward Blount, and are to be sold at his Shop
in Paul's Churchyard, at the signe of the Black
Beare, 1620."

It is difficult to reconcile the assertion in this
letter with the endorsement of the book. Can
you tell me who this Lord Chandos was ? In the
fly-leaf is written, " By Grey Bridges, Lord
Chandos, J. P." N. H. R.

[The author of this work is supposed to have been
Grey Brydges Lord Chandos, styled "King of Cots-
would," who died August 20, 1620. A full account,
and long extracts from this book, will be found in
Brydges's Memoirs of King James's Peers, p. 384. et sea,,
and in Park's edition of Lord Orford's Royal and Noble
Authors, ii. 184., ed. 1815. Mr. Park has the following
note respecting its authorship : " The bookseller (Edward
Blount) in his address to the reader says, ' He knew not
the author of the book : ' but the late Dr. Lort had seen
a copy of it ascribed to Lord Chandos, and so had Lord
Orford. It must, however, be observed that Wood as-
cribes a book with this title to the Rev. Joseph Hen-
shaw, printed in 1631 and 1640; and assigns the above,
in 1620, to Gilbert Lord Cavendish, who died before his
father, the first Earl of Devonshire, in 1625. Mr. Brydges
thinks that Wood had little reason for ascribing the
book to Gilbert Cavendish, since, by the internal evidence
of the publication, it seems more probable to have been

written by Lord Chandos than Gilbert Cavendish, who
died too young to have had the experience which it dis-
plays. Mr. Brydges, however, adds, that those learned
antiquaries, Mr. Thomas Baker and Dr. White Kennett
(of whom the latter, from his connexions with the family,
had a particular opportunity of ascertaining the point if
well founded), considered it at least to be very doubtful.
Lord Orford professes to have introduced Lord Chandos
with great diffidence of his authority ; and Mr. Malone,
whose copy of Horce Subsecivce was obligingly imparted
to the editor [Thomas Park], conceives it likely to have
been written by William,the brother of Gilbert, if the pro-
duction of any Cavendish. It is probable, he adds, who-
ever was the author, that the book was composed about
1615, from concurring notices of time in six or seven
places."]!

Woodroof. — Could you kindly inform me whe-
ther the plant called in Germany Waldmeister,
and used there to perfume and spice, wine grows
anywhere in England, and if so, where ? I find
the word translated in dictionaries as Wood-roof.
I am not myself an Englishman, or perhaps I
ought to know this ; yet none of my English
friends know it. J. C. C.

[The German Waldmeister appears to be the same
plant as the English Woodroof, according to the descrip-
tion as given by Rhind, in his History of the Vegetable
Kingdom, p. 592, edit. 1855. He states that the " Wood-
roof (^Asperula odorata : natural^family Rubiacece ; tetran-
dria, monogynia, of Linnaeus,) is a plant which grows wild
in woods and thickets, and has been admitted into the
garden from the beauty of its whorled leaves and simple
blossom, but chiefly from the fragrant odour of the leaves.
This odour is only perceptible when the leaves are
crushed by the fingers ; but when dried, they give out
their peculiar odour very strongly, and for a long
period. They are used to scent clothes, and also to
preserve them from the attack of insects. This plant
will grow under the drip of trees, or in very shady places,
and thus may become a pleasing ornament in situations
where other flowers will not thrive. It is also frequently
planted in rock works." Gerard adds, that " Wood-roof
is reported to be put into wine to make a man merry, and
to be good for the heart and liver."]

Edwards' Palcemon and Arcyte. — Mr. Bohn, in
his edition of Lowndes, mentions Edwards' play
of " Palsemon and Arcyte " in a way which makes
one infer that there is an edition of 1566. Chet-
wood asserts " that it was published with ' Songs '
in 1585." Never having had the luck to meet
with it, or to meet with any one who had, I should
like to know whether my ignorance is the result
of my want of diligence, or whether the play re-
mains non est. G. H. K.

[Our dramatic writers do not appear to have ever seen
this comedy in print. Warton {History of English Poetry,
iii. 238., ed. 1840) says, " I believe it was never printed."
It would seem that Chetwood's statements must be re-
ceived with caution, as he is styled by George Steevens,
" a blockhead, and a measureless and bungling liar."

Edward Wright. — Sir Joshua Reynolds painted
the portrait of Mr. "Wright, who wrote a book
of travels in Italy and elsewhere, which he dedi-
cated to Lord Parker, and which went through
two editions. Can any of your correspondents

14

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2*<t S. VIII. JutY 2. '59.

give any farther information as to the history of
Mr. Wright ? G.

[Mr. Edward Wright, of Stretton in Cheshire, born Aug.
25. 16*^0, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge,
was a gentleman of refined and elegant taste in useful
knowledge and polite literature. He set out on his travels
in company with the Earl of Macclesfield (then Lord Par-
ker) in 1720, and spent three 5'ears in a tour, of which he
published an account entitled. Some Observations made in
travelling through France, Italy, ^c, in the Years 1720,
1721, and 1722, illustrated with several prints from his
own accurate drawings. Lond. 1730, and 2 vols. 4to.,
1764. Several of his papers appeared in the Fhilosophical
Transactions. He was married to Elizabeth, daughter of
.... Lej', on May 2, 1709. Mr. Wright died on May 7,
1750, and was buried at Tilston, in Cheshire. A pedigree
of the family is printed in Ormerod's Cheshire, ii. 389.]

" Odcombyan." — Taylor, the water poet, dedi-
cates his Three Weeks', Three Days', and Three
Hours' Observations and Travel from London to
Hamburgh, to " the odcombyan decambulator, per-
ambulator, amblei*, trotter, or untyred traveller,
Sir Thomas Coryat."

What is an " odcombyan decambulator ?"

Ache.

[Sir Thomas Coryat was a native of Odcombe, in
Somersetshire: hence Odcombyan decambulator, or more
correctly deambulator, a walker abroad. Decambulator,
in Taylor's days, inay have been classical slang for
" Bayard's ten toes." Supposing the coiner, whoever he
was, of the word decambulator to have designed this
jocose allusion to the number ten {Stxa), is it not possible
that he may have had in view the old Italian word rfe-
cameron, a volume in ten parts, or of tales related in ten
days?]

Edward Chandler, Bishop of Durham. — Wanted
his arms. Y. S. M.

[Cheeky G. and A., on a bend engrailed S., three
lioncels passant of the second. — Hutchinson's Durham.'\

GHOST STOEIES.

(2"« S. V. 233. 285. 341. 386. 462.)

The Wynyard ghost-story is thus alluded to in
the tenth of Sir Walter Scott's Letters on Demon-
ology and Witchcraft : —

'_' The story of two highly respectable officers in the
British army, who are supposed to have seen the spectre
of the brother of one of them in a hut or barrack in
America, is also one of those accredited ghost-tales which
attain a sort of brevet rank as true, from the mention of
respectable names as the parties who witnessed the vision.
But we are left without a glimpse when, how, and in
what terms, this story obtained its currency ; as also by
whom, and in what manner, it was first circulated ; and
among the numbers by whom it has been quoted, although
all agree in the general event, scarcely two, even of those
who pretend to the best information, tell the story in the
same way."

As it has been revived in the above pages of
"^ N. & Q.," I will endeavour to throw alittle
light upon it.

_ On the 23rd of October, 1823, a party of dis-
tinguished^ big-wigs were dining with the late
Chief Justice Sewell, at his house on the esplanade
in Quebec, when the story in question became a
subject of conversation. Among the guests was
Sir John Harvey, Adjutant-General of the forces
in Canada, who stated that there was then in the
garrison an officer who knew all the circum-
stances, and who, probably, would not object to
answer a few queries about them. Sir John im-
mediately wrote five queries, leaving a space op-
posite to each one for an answer, and sent them
to Colonel Gore, who, if my memory serves me
rightly, was at the head of either the Ordnance
or the Royal Engineer department. The following
is a copy of both the queries and the answers, which
were returned to Sir John before he, and the other
guests, had left the Chief Justice's house : —
" My Dear Gore,
" Do me the favour to answer the following

Queries.

" 1. Was you with the 33rd Reg', when Captains
Wynyard and Sherbrooke believed that they saw the
apparition of the brother of the former officer pass through
the room in which they were sitting ?

" 2. Was you not one of the first persons who entered
the room, and assisted in the search for the ghost.'

" 3. Was you not the person who made a mem" in
writing of the circumstances by which the singular fact
of the death of Wynyard's brother, at or about the time
when the apparition was seen, was established ?

" 4. With the exception of Sir J. Sherbrooke, do you
not consider yourself almost the only surviving evidence
of this extraordinary occurrence ?

" 5. When, where, and in what kind of building did
it take place? "(Signed) J. Hakvey."

" Thursday morn?,
23d Ocf. 1823."

Answers.

" 1. Tes, I was. It occurred at Sydney, in the Isl* of
Cape Breton, in the latter end of 1785 or 6, between 8
and 9 in the evening. We were then blocked up by the
ice, and had no communication with any other part of
the world. " R. G."

" 2. Yes. The ghost passed them as they were sitting
before the fire at coffee, and went into G. Wynj'ard's
bed-closet, the window of which was putted (sic') down.*

« R. G."

" 3. I did not make the memorandum in writing myself,
but I suggested it the next day to Sherbrooke, and he
made the mem". I remembered the date, and on the 6">
June our first letters from England brought the account
of John Wynyard's death on the very night they saw his
apparition. " R. G."

" 4. I believe all are dead, except Colonel Yorke, who
then commanded the regiment, and is Depy. L'. of the
Tower, — and I believe Jones Panton, then an ensign- in
the reg». " R. G."

" 5. It was in the new barracks at Sydnej', built the
preceding summer, one of the first erections in the settle-
ment. " (Signed) Ralph Gore.

" Sherbrooke had never seen John Wynyard alive ; but
soon after returning to England, the following year, when

• Query, puttied down, to exclude the cold ?

2nJ S. VIII. JOLY 2. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

15

walking in Bond Street with W"". Wynj^ard, late D. A.
Gen*., and just after telling hiin the story of the ghost,
[he] exclaimed — My God! and pointed out a person —
a gentleman — as [being] exactly like the apparition in
person and dress. This gentleman was so like J. VVyn-
yard svs often to be spoken to for him, and affected to
dress like him. I think his name was Hayman.

'♦ I have heard W"'. Wynyard mention the above cir-
cumstance, and declare that he then believed the story of
the ghost. " (Signed) R. G."

The above is taken from a copy made from the
original queries and answers, and given to me,
only a few weeks after the date affixed to the
queries ; and to it is added, in the handwriting of
the copyist, the following : —

" A true copy from the original. The queries are
written in black ink in the hand-writing of Sir John
Harvey, Depy. Adj'. Gen', of British America, and signed
by him ; — the answers are in red ink, written and signed
by Colonel Gore. The original paper belongs to Chief
Justice Sewell. Sir J. Sherbrooke was lately Gov^
Gen', of Lower Canada.* It is said that Sir John Sher-
brooke could not bear to hear the subject spoken of."

The copyist was a near relative of the Chief
Justice, and died in 1832. He was one of my
most intimate friends. Eric.

ATTACK ON THE SOBBONNE.

(2"'^ S. vi. 346.)

The lines show that G. C. had more back and
current reading in foreign theology, and a better
appreciation of the difference between Zeus and
Jupiter, than could have been expected here in
the middle of the last century. He is not, how-
ever, quite correct in imputing to the Sorbonne
the scornful expression " one Arnald." Arnauld
withdrew from France in 1679. He may be said
to have been " driven out " by the Sorbonne, but
it was at Liege, in " the land of dykes," that si.K
superiors of the University issued the decree
which Bayle thought worthy of preservation for
its exquisite latinity : —

" Nos infra script! superiores cohventuales regularium
in civitate Leodiensi, certiorati de conventiculis, quje
habentur apud cerium Arnaldum, doctrinam suspectam
spargentem, censemus D. Vicarium charitative certioran-
dum, ut similia conventicula dissipere et prohibere non
dedignetur, etiam cum dicto Arnoldo conversationes.
Datum in conventu uiinorum, hac 25 Aug. 1690."

_ On Nov. 18, 1751, the Abbe de Prades offered
himself for the degree of bachelor, and maintained
before the Sorbonne a thesis on the question, Quis
est ille in cujus facicm Deus inspiravit spiraculum
vit& ? He followed Locke in denying innate ideas,
and slightly resembled Hobbes on the origin of
justice; but the doctors approved and granted
his licence unanimously. Objectionable matter
was soon discovered, for on Dec. 17, the king's

* From July, 181G, to July, 1818.

advocate applied to the Parliament, and on the
22nd the abbe's licence was suspended, and the
Sorbonne ordered to reconsider its decision. It
did so, and " ate its words " most ungracefully on
Jan. 27, 1752, censuring the thesis as horrible
(Jiorrendum), and feebly excusing its own inad-
vertent approbation : —

" Conscivit hoc grande nefas per thesim die 18 Nov.
anni proximi elapsi, in Sorbona propugnatam. Thesim
artificiosa prolixitate, literarum fusilium temiitate digestam,
qiuB legentium attentionem fatigando distrafieret, locutioni-
bus ambiguis, poeticis, metaphoricis, compositam, quibus
error sub quadam larv^ veritatis insinuaretur, ipsa vero
Veritas pesumdaretur," &c.

De Prades was a man of ability, and had clever
friends. Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists were
on his side. He printed in 1753, Recveil de Pieces
concernant la These de M. VAbbe de Prades, in
which he gave the writings of his adversaries
fairly and stood up against them manfully. The
ablest were Beaumont, Archbishop of Paris, and
the Bishops of Montauban and Auxerre. I have
not read all the 270 quarto pages of small type
and double columns, but have seen enough to say
that they must have been instructive and pleasant, '
when books were fewer and leisure was more.

I do not know what share the "mistresses" took
in the bullying, but no doubt under Louis XV.
they were as important in theology as in politics.
Probably some of them were for De Prades, as he
gives an allegorical frontispiece to the second part
of his book, with an ample explanation, in which
a female figure is called " La Religion soutenuc
par le Roy, quelle regarde avec confiance." A
light from above, described in language which
would savour of profanity if quoted, falls upon
her and " le fils aine de TEgllse," who is appro-
priately dressed as an ancient Roman.

There is a book on the other side. La Religion
vengee des Impietes de la These et de fApologie,
Montauban, 1754, for which I have made diligent
but fruitless inquiry.

Those who wish to go farther into this matter
than the space which can be spared in " N. & Q."
allows, will find enough, and directions to more,
in Bayle's Diet., art. Arnaidd ; Causa Arnul-
dina, Leodici Eborunum, 1690; D'Argens, Lcttres
Juives, vii. 158. ; Voltaire, Siecle de Lotiis XIV.
c. 37. ; Reuchlin, Geschichte von Port Royal, Ham-
burg, 1839; and Bouillier, Histoire de la Philoso-
phie Cartesienne, Paris, 1854.

Allow me to correct what appears to be a mis-
print in the third of the lines quoted : —

" Knocked down Titians, burnt-out Semele."

For " Titians " read " the Titans," which sets the
metre right, and removes the anachronism and
auctioneering. H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

16

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°^ s. VIII. July 2. '69.

PRICE OF BIBLES.

(2°'> S. vii. 373. 483.)

The following is an extract from a MS. letter,
date 1664, from the Rev. Joha AUin in London,
to his friend at Rye : —

" I cannot yet gett a bible for y* old woman, but one
printed 1661, 12s. price, and 6d. if claspt, but I count y*
too deare, and not of y* edition she desire with Beza's
Annotations."

From the catalogue of a private library of the
date of the latter part of the seventeenth cen-
tury, in which all the books are methodically
described, with their cost prices, I transcribe the
following list of Bibles, &c. : —

" 8vo. Hebrew Bible contaiiig all y* Old Testament.
Amsterdam. — English Singing Psalmes. London. 1631.
6s.

Fol. Latin. Old Testament and Apocrypha, with mar-
gent. Imanuel Tremellius and Ffrancis Junius. — New
Testament, both of Tremellius and Beza, with notes. St.
Gervase. 1607. 12s.

4to. English Service and Psalmes. — Old Testament
and Apocrypha with Margent, New Testament with
Margent, 1686. — Two Tables. — Singing Psalmes. London.
1584. 6s.

8vo. French. Old Testament and Apocrypha, New Tes-
tament with Tables (Rochell, 1616, Church of Geneva).
— Singing Psalmes, fForme of Ecclesiastique Prayers, &c.
6s.

4to. Latin. Old Testament and Apocrypha, — New
Testament with Tables. Basil. 1578. Vulgar edition. 5s.

8vo. English Service and Psalmes. London. 1640.
— Old Testament and Apocrj'pha. Imanuel Tremelius,
Francis Junius, Amsterdam. 1639. — New Testament.
Theodore Beza. — English Singing Psalmes. London.
1641. 6.».

8vo. Latin. Old and New Testament. London. 1640.
— English singing Psalmes. London. 1648. 4s.

8vo. Old and New Testament and singing Psalmes.
Cambridge and London. 1647. 4s.

8vo. New Testament with Beza's Notes. L. Tomson.
London, 1582. — English singing Psalmes. London.
1613. 2».

16mo. Greek. New Testament ; Epistle of Hen. Ste-
phens, and Notes of Isaac Casaubon. Oliva. 1617. Is. 6c?.

16mo. Greek. New Testament. Amsterdam. 1632. —
English singing Psalmes. London. 1632. Is. 6d.

16mo. Dutch. New Testament. — Singing Psalmes. —
Catechisme. — Christelicke Gebeden, &c. Amsterdam.
1652. Is. 6d.

8vo. Latin. New Testament. Vulgar edition. 4d.

16mo. Italian. New Testament. Antony Bruciclus.
Lyons. 1549. Is. 6d.

12mo. Psalmes and Hymmes and Spirituall Songes
inMeeter. New English Church. London. 1652. 6d.

8vo. Old and New Testament. John Came. 1662.
35. 9(2.

8vo. Hebrew Bible cent, all y^ Old Testam'. Edition
of Menasseh ben Isr. Amsterdam. 1639. — Greek New
Testament, edition of Rich. Whittaker. London. 1633.

168.

8vo. Latin. Old Testament, Apocrypha, New Testa-
ment, with Tables, &c. Lugduni. 1663. Vulgar edi-
tion. Is.

Fol. Greek and Latin. New Testament in 2 versions,
ye one old, y« other of Beza, with large Annotations on
the Greeke and 2 Tables. 1598. 4s.

4to. Syriac. Psalmi Davidis, &c. lingua Syriaca, &c.

in vers Latin. Lugduni. Thomas Erxenius. 1625. —
Marci Evangelistae Evangelium, Syriac^ Cothenis. 1622.
— Divi Johannis Epistola Cathol. 1» Syriack Martinus
Trostius Cothenis. 1621. Is.

W.S.
Hastings. ,

3^tif\iti to Minat ^xiexiei.

" Sig7ia" of Battel Abbey (1»* S. ii. 199.) —
Mr. M. a. Lower asked for assistance to inter-
pret the designation of one of the tenants of.
Battel Abbey about the year 1170, who occurs as
" J^dricus qui signa fundebat." At p. 237. of
the same volume answer was made by the Rev.
Dr. Rock, that the word signum was frequently
used for a bell ; but I now venture to suggest
that the signa in question were the tokens or
brooches cast to give or sell to the votaries at
Battel as memorials of their visits, — like those
which are known to have been distributed at
Canterbury, Walsingham, and other celebrated
shrines. Since the year 1850, when Volume II.
of " N. & Q." was printed, much has been col-
lected respecting these Signs of Pilgrimage.
Many of the most curious have been engraved
from the collection of the Rev. Thomas Hugo,
F. S. A,, to illustrate a paper in the forthcoming
volume of Archceologia : and I am inclined to
hope that, upon the suggestion I now make, either
Mr. Lower, Mr. Figg, or some other of the
able antiquaries of Sussex, will detect the signa
of Battel Abbey either in those plates or in their
own cabinets. John Gough Nichols.

Queen Anne's Churches (2°^ S. vii. 513.) —
Another chapel of ease made a church by Queen
Anne's commissioners was Aylesbury Chapel, St.
John Square, Clerkenwell, which on the 27th
December, 1723, was consecrated by the name of
the church of St. John, Clerkenwell, and bad a
parish assigned to it. For particulars, vide Hone's
Every Day Book, pp. 1475—80. W. J. Pinks.

Barrymore and the Du Barrys (2°'^ S. vii. 362.)
— Horace Wal pole, in a letter to the Miss Berrys,
dated " Berkeley Square, Feb. 26, 1791," has the
following passage : —

«* Madame du Barry is come over to recover her jewels ;
of which she has been robbed, not by the National As-
sembly, but by four Jews, who have been seized here, and
committed to Newgate. Though the late Lord Barry-
more acknowledged her husband to be of his noble blood,
will she own the present Earl for a relation, when she
finds him turned strolling player?" — Letters of Horace
Walpole, by Cunningham, vol. ix. p. 291.

L.

CromwelVs Children (2""^ S. vii. 476. 507.) —
The Protector had five sons and four daughters, of
which the following is a correct list. His two
first male children died in infancy ; his fifth died
on the day subsequent to his birth. By his wife

2nd s. VIII. July 2. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

17

Elizabeth Bourchier he had Robert, b. Oct. 13,
1621; died young. Oliver, bap. Feb. 6, 1622 ; died
young of the small-pox. Richard, b. Oct. 4, 1626 ;
died at Cheshunt, co. Herts, July 13, 1712, £Et. 85.
Henry, b. at Huntingdon, Jan. 20, 1627 ; died
March 23, 167f, aet. 47; buried at Wicken,
CO. Cambr. Bridget, bap. Aug. 5, 1624 ; buried at
Stoke Newington, co. Mid., Sept. 5, 1681. Eliz.
bap. July 2, 1629; died Aug. 6, 1658. James,
bap. Jan. 8, 1631 ; buried Jan. 9. same year.
Mary, bap. Feb, 9, 1636 ; died March 14, 1712-13.
Frances, d. Jan. 27, 1720, set. 84.

The entries in the pedigree from which this list
is taken give those of Robert, Oliver, Richard,
Henry, and Elizabeth, as extracts from Hunting-
don registers. Cl. Hopper.

Oliver Cromwell had five sons : 1. Robert; 2.
Oliver ; 3. Richard ; 4. Henry ; 5. James. The
first three appear to have been educated at Fel-
stead school, Felstead being the residence of their
maternal grandfather, Sir James Bourchier.

Robert was buried at Felstead on the 31st of
May, 1639, ast. seventeen. Probably he died
while at school. Oliver was killed in battle at
the age of twenty-one. I believe his burial-place
is unknown. If it be at Felstead, the Rev. R. B.
P. Stanley will be doing a public service by pub-
lishing a copy of the register in the columns of
" N. & Q." Richard was buried at Cheshunt,
where he died. Henry was buried in Wicken
church. James, who died the day after his birth,
was buried at Huntingdon.

The correspondent of the Kentish Mercury is,
no doubt, in error in stating that three of the sons
of Oliver Cromwell were buried at Felstead.
Probably Robert was the only one buried there,
as it is scarcely likely that Oliver, who was killed
near Knaresborough, would be buried in Essex.

J. G. Morten.

Cheam.

The Cromwellian Edition of OwillinCs Heraldry
(2°'* S. vii. 180.) — A. A. speaks of a great num-
ber of the coats of the Cromwellian families being
in " the early editions of Gwillim," but it is only in
one edition of Gwillim that those coats occur ; and
where is a copy of it to be found ? J. G. N.

The Arrows of Harrow (2""* S. vii. 463.) — Your
correspondent states that Dr. Butler, head mas-
ter, introduced the adoption of two crossed ar-
rows as the arms of Harrow School.

This is an error. I have in my possession three
prize books which I received while there, and all
those (and they were very numerous) which I
saw with other boys were similar ; viz. stamped
with two crossed arrows on the back, as the arms
of Harrow. And I left Harrow before Dr. But-
ler became head master. I apprehend the custom
to be coeval with the establishment of the school.

E. L.

Vergubretus, &fc. (2"'^ S. vii. 424.) — In the
present nebulous state 'of Keltic literature, it is
hazardous to attempt any etymologies, but the
following are submitted in illustration of M. Phi-
LARETE Chasles' 'Note of the 6th May, e. g.,

Vercingetorix, the celebrated chieftain of the
iEdui (Cass. B, O. 7.) has been resolved into
" Fear cean go turus," literally, the head man of
the expedition.

Vergesllaunus, " Fear or feer go saelan," or
the man of the standard, i. e. the standard bearer.

" Liscus (says Caesar in his Comment, b. i.), qui summo
magistratui praeerat, quem Vergobretum vocant JEdui,
qui creatur annuus et vitae necisque in suos habet potes-
tatem," &c.,

is quite in accordance with the explanation of
" V ergobretus," or " Fear go braith," i. e. " The
man that judges."

To this may be added —

" Cartismandua," "Caer ys maen du," or "Caer
(t)ys maen du ; " " The wall or city of the black
stone."

" The Brigantes," from Braighe, braighe acan,
elevated grounds.

The words (or as we now have them, proper
names) of Viriathus, Viridomarus, or Virduma-
rus (Caes. B. G. vii. 38.), Eporedorix {Id.) and
Veredovix are compounds requiring elucidation.
The prefix, ver, vir, or " fear," may be considered
as ascertained to mean man : quaere tamen de cse-
teris. The old Scholiast on Juvenal, Sat. vii. v.
214. interprets AUobrox as meaning a stranger or
barbarian.

" Rufum qui toties Ciceronem Allobroga dixit."

L. M. N.

Smokers (2"^ S. vii. 512.) — The appellation of.
" Smokers " to a voter in Preston was not gene-
ral, if indeed it was ever used. The only quali-
fication required before the passing of the Reform
Act was to be twenty-one years of age, to have
lived in the town six months, and to have received
no parochial relief for twelve months before the
election. Your correspondent Ithuriel has been
misinformed as to people taking apartments to
acquire the right to vote. W. D.

Guns, when first used in India (2°^ S. vii. 523.)
— Your correspondent Eric asks, " When, and
from what source, was artillery first brought into
use in and among the natives of India ?"

See the Hon. M. Elphinstone's History of India,
vol. ii. p. 90. The Emperor Baber from Cabul in-
vaded India, the last time in a.d. 1526, on the 21st
of April. He defeated Sultan Ibrahim, Emperor
of Delhi, who had 100,000 men. Baher had only
12,000 men, including followers. " On the ap-
proach of Ibrahim, Baher took up a position,
linked his guns together by ropes of twisted lea-
ther, and lined them with infantry, farther pro-
tected by breast- works. He likewise strength-

18

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2ni S. Vlll. July 2. '59.

ened bis flanks with field-works and fascines."
Ibrahinis troops had only arrows (no guns).
The Indians reported that not less than 40,000
perished in the battle and pursuit."* The battle
lasted from soon after sunrise till noon.

The introduction of artillery into India by the
French and English is not much beyond one
hundred years. W. H.

Oriental Club.

" The Bells were rung Backwards " (2""* S. vii.
375.) — This custom is of very ancient date with
the Scots, although no authority I have consulted
fixes the exact period. In the boisterous days of
Prince Charlie, their practice was, after a defeat
in battle, to muffle the bells, and this they called
" backward ringing," rendered by Scott in the
words of Minnie's Query. Minnie will do well
to consult a work by the Messrs. Chambers on
the Scottish manners and customs, &c., which
contaiiis much that is interesting. Frank Lamb.

Sale of Villeins (2"« S. vii. 497.) — I extract
the following article from S. Collet's Relics of
Literature, 8vo. London, 1823, p. 260. : —

"In the township of Porthaetliwj', the power of a
feudal proprietor to sell bis vassals or villains, as well
as his cattle, was exemplified to so late as tbe reign of
Henry VII., as appears from tbe following translated
document : —

« ' Edfrj-ed Fychan ap Ednyfed, Dafydd ap Griflfyd,
and Howell ap Dafj'dd ap Rj'ridd, free tenants of our
Lord tbe King, in the township of Rhandirgadog, have
given and confirmed unto William ap Griffyd ap Guilj'ni,
Esq., free tenants of Porthmael, seven of our natives,
viz. — Horsell Matte, and Llewellyn ap Dafydd dew ;
Dafydd and Howell ap Matto, ap Dafydd dew ; Llewellyn
ap Evan goch, and Jevan ap Evan ddu, with their suc-
cessors procreated, and to be procreated, and all their
goods,' &c. Dated at Rhandirgadog, June 20'i», Hen. VII."

However, the above document does not seem
to me to afford evidence that this transfer of vil-
leins was by way of sale. Ache.

Christian in his notes on Blackstone (ii. 96. n.
5.), says, " The last claim of villenage which we
find recorded in our courts, was in the 15th Jas. I.,
Noy, 27 ; 11 Harg. St. Tr. 342." T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Kniglits created by Oliver Cromwell (2"^ S. vii.
476.) — In reply to Ithuriel's Query I can fur-
nish him with the name of another person who
was knighted by the usurper Oliver Cromwell. This
person was Thomas Dickenson, a merchant who
was knighted in 1657, while Lord Mayor of York.
This was the second time he had served the office,
having been lord mayor for the first time in 1647.
I have not succeeded in finding in the British
Museum the list referred to by your corresi)on-
dent. J. A, Pn.

* See translation of Baber's Memoirs, by Erskine of
Bombay.

Scala Celi (2"^ S. vi. 111. 179. 238.) — 1529,
May 23. Richard Sykes of Stainton, co. York, by
his will of that date, gave to the Grey Friars in
Doncaster d>d. to say two masses at Scala Cele.

As this bequest is so small in amount, and the
locality of the Scala Celi is not mentioned, it is
probable that these Grey Friars had a chapel of
that name within the precincts of their own house
in Doncaster. J. S.

"History of Judas'' (2"'* S. vii. 455.)— The title
of the German original is —

"Judas der Ertz-schelm fiir eberliche Leuth, oder
eigentlicher EntwurfF und Lebensbeschreibug dess Isca-
riotischen Bosswicht, vorinnen underschiedliche Discurs,
sittliche Lehrs-puncten, Gedicht, und Geschicht, auch
sehr reicher Vorrath Biblischer Concepten, welche nit
allein einem Prediger aufF der Canzel sehr dienlich fallen,
der jetzigen verkehrten, bethorzten, versehrten Welt die
Wahrheit under die nasen zu reiben ; sondern es kan sich
auch dessen ein privat und einsamber Leser zur erspriess-
licher Zeitvertreibung, und gewiinschten Seelen-hayl
gehauchen. Zusamen getragen durch Pr. Abrubama h
S. Clara, Augustiner Baarfiisser, Kayserlichen Prediger,
&c. Erster Theil, Saltzburg, 1686, 4to. pp. 708.

I have not seen the second part, but this carries
the history of Judas farther than the translation.
I cannot say how far, for the legends of Judas are
so scattered and mixed with pious exhortations,
points, platitudes, and good and bad jokes, that
the biography is swamped. The book is an excel-
lent manual for preachers of Fray Gerundio's
school, and might be studied with advantage by
our contemporary pulpit humourists, whose facetice
are wearing threadbare. Under this bufibonery
there is good store of practical sense and sound
morality.

I do not find the Life of Jiulas in any account
of Diego Hurtado de Mendoza's works, and sus-
pect that his name was added to the title-page
because he wrote Lazarillo de Tormes.

FiTZHOPKINS.
Garrick Club.

Sir James Adolphus Oughton, K. B. (2"*^ S. vii.
516.) — Sometimes Sir Jas. Adolphus Dickson
Oughton, who had served in the 55th foot, was in
1762 appointed colonel of the 3Ist foot, commonly
called the " Young Buffs," from the regiment
having buflf facings. He was major-general in
August, 1761, and lieut.-general in April, 1770.
The time of his decease was probably about 1780.
I am not aware whether he were married, or not.
The most convenient references I can give your
correspondent for the above particulars are Beat-
son's Political Index (edition 1806), vol. ii. 135 —
229. ; vol. iii. 433. Amicus.

This officer was a member of the Oughton fa-
mily who resided at Sutton Coldfield. Mr. Joseph
Oughton, who was High Sheriff of Warwickshire
in 1792, was descended from an ancient family in
Warwickshire, and one of its members was raised

2oJ S. VIII. July 2. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

19

to the degree of baronet in 1718. The baronetcy
is, however, now extinct.

The only information which I can give as to
Sir James Adolphus Oughton is as follows : —
He was appointed Lieut.-Col. of the 37th regi-
ment, August 7, 1749; was promoted July 20,
1759, to the Colonelcy of the 55th (previously the
57th} regiment ; was promoted to Major-general
August 15, 1761 ; and was transferred August 20,
1762, to the Colonelcy of the 31st regiment on the
death of Lieut.-General Henry Holmes. Major-
General Oughton was raised to the rank of Lieut.-
General April 30, 1770, and was honoured with
the Order of the Bath between 1771 and 1775.
He died In April, 1780, and was succeeded In the
colonelcy of the 31st regiment by Major-General
Thomas Clarke, who, like nearly all the colonels
of infantry regiments, was promoted from the
Foot Guards.

The Gentleman s Magazine for I\Iay, 1780, pro-
bably contains a biographical notice of Sir J. A.
Oughton. G. L. S.

Curved Form of ancient Inclosures (2"'^ S. vli.
373. — The following citations, very hastily fur-
nished, will help, it is hoped, to throw a little
light on your correspondent's (G. A. C.'s) in-
quiry as to the curved form of ancient inclosures.
The Etruscans were great " Agrimensores" and
in the choice and foundation of a city observed a
number of ceremonies.

" Urbs dicitur ab orbe quod antiquue civitates in orbein
fiebant." — Servius ad JEn. i. v. IG.

Again :

" Urbs ab urbo appellata est, urbare est aratro defmire,
et Varus ait, urbum appellari Curvaturam aratri quod in
urbe condenda adhiberi solet." — Pompon. 7>/fl. ult. tit.
leg. 239.

Again, Varro lells us (1. iv. clc L. L. c. 32.) that
Etruscans marked out the boundaries of their
towns thus : —

" Junctis bubus. tauro et vacca interiore aratro circum
agebant sulcum. Hoc faciebant religionis causa, die
auspicato, ut fossa et mujo essent munita. Terrain unde
excalpserant, fossam vocabant ; et introrsum factum
murum : postea quod fiebat orbis urbs."

The transition to a similar practice in the first
and earliest inclosures from the waste was easy
and natural, but the whole archaeology of the
subject is too important and Interesting to be
passed over thus superficially, and I have not
time for more at present. L. M. N,

Patrick Hannay (2"'^ S. vli. p. 495.)—

" Songs and Sonnets, 15 copi« printed. Privately
Printed from the rare edition of 1022, at the expense of
E. V. Utterson for presents. Beldornie Press, 18il."

Belater-Adime.

Fusils in Fesse (2"-^ S. vll. 375.)— In reply to
Meletks, the following families bear fusils in
fesse : — Cheney (Devon), 5 or 4 ; Denham or

Denant, 4 ; Carteret, 4 ; Pennington, 5 ; Monta-
cute, 3 ; Bull (Sussex), 5 ; Jones (MIdd.), 5 ;
Percy, 5 ; Newmarch, 5 ; Daubigny, 5 ; Raleigh,
3 ; Cokenay, 3 ; Aslacton, 5 ; Dawtrcy, 5 ; Bos-
vill, 5 ; Blomfield, 3 ; GIfford, 3 ; Tuckfield, 3 ;
Johnson, 3 ; Pygott, 3 ; Percy, 3 ; Pavyer, 3 ;
Thorne, 3 ; Chasbon, 3 ; Acre, 3 ; Champney, 3 ;
Payne, 3 ; Crowmer, 5 ; Camayll, 3 ; Gargan, 3 ;
Gramore, 3 ; Sowelling, 3 ; Caysterton, 4 ; Fal-
conbrldge (Essex), 6 ; Knotford, 4 ; Aungell, 4 ;
BlonvIUe, 4 ; Formans (Norf.), 5 ; Plompton, 5 ;
Corby, 5 ; Wycliff, 5 ; Nevlll, 5 ; Harpden, 5 ;
Pinckney, 5 ; Poynton, 5 ; Knatchford, 4.

From the above list, which might be much ex-
tended, it would seem that families bearing fusils
in fesse are not all clearly of Norman origin,
although many here mentioned would be con-
sidered as undoubtedly so. The numerals refer
to the number of fusils. , Cl. Hopper.

Clapping the Prayer-hooks on Good Friday (2"*
S. vil. 515.) — I conjecture that where this cus-
tom exists, it is parallel to that which all who
have heard the "Miserere" sung in the Sistine or
Pope's chapel at Rome, on Wednesday, Thursday,
or Friday of Passion Week, have heard ; namely,
at that period of the service when, out of thirteen
lights previously burning, one only is left, the
others having been extinguished one after another
at certain Intervals, a stamping of feet is heard
within the choir. Strangers commonly ask, "what
is that ?" and they are told it is meant to signify
the abandonment of our Saviour by his disciples.

E. L.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

IVie Life and Contemporaneous Church History of An-
tonio de Domiyiis, Archbishop of Spalatrn, afterwards Dean
of Windsor, §-c. in the Reign of James I. By Henry New-
land, D.D., Dean of Ferns. (J. H. & J. Parker.)

In our last volume the attention of our readers was
directed, by several notices of Father Paul and Bishop
Bedell, to the eventful history of the Venetian Interdict.
The work, of which we have here given the title, is some-
what connected with that memorable transaction. Al-
though the author has made no additions whatever to
our stock of information respecting either the subject of
his Memoir, or his illustrious contemporaries and friends,
Paul Sarpi and Bishop Bedell, he has constructed out of
the limited materials at his command an interesting
piece of biography. We regret, however, to find that the
Dean has perpetuated (p. 80.) Burnet's fabulous story
respecting the refusal of Sir Henry Wotton to present
King James's " Premonition " to the Venetian senate in
1G07 ; whereas this work of the King's did not appear
until 1609! Again (p. 94.), it is not true, as stated by
Burnet, that Bedell accompanied De Dominis to England.
It is certainly to be regretted that, before committing his
work to the press, the Dean did not make use of the
several important letters and documents in reference to
the Archbishop which are to be found in the lately pub ■
lished Domestic Calendars for the Reign of King James I.
These would have considerably enhanced the value of his

20

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<i S. VIII. July 2. '69.

book, without adding proportionally to the bulk of it.
After making due allowance for the undisguised aversion
and consequent opposition of Archbishop Abbott — for the
exasperated feelings of the Puritans — and for the durable
spite of Tom Fuller (which breathes in the pages of his
Church History^, there can be little doubt that, through-
out his chequered career, the predominant passion of De
Dominis was avarice. But, in justice to the memory of this
distinguished ecclesiastic, while we admit his failings,
we must acknowledge how faithfully he discharged, to
the close of his life, those solemn obligations into which
he entered with the ministry of the Church of England,
upon the eve of bidding an eternal farewell to our shores.

The Naval History of Gi'eat Britain from the Decla-
ration of War by France in 1793 to the Accession of
George IV. By William James. A New Edition with
Additions and Notes, In Six Volumes. Vols. I. and II.
(Bentley.)

The loud expression of public feeling called forth by
the rumour, that for fiscal purposes it was the intention
of the present Government to interrupt the exertions now
making for putting our Navy into a state of eificiency,
shows that old England's love (or her blue jackets has not
waxed cold. We fhall therefore be surprised if Mr.
Bentley's judgment in putting forth at the present mo-
ment this new and cheap edition of so popular a His-
tory of our Naval Triumphs be not richly rewarded.
Two out of the six volumes (of which it is to consist)
are now before us. These, after a brief sketch of our
navy up to 1792, narrate its history from the breaking
out of the first French Revolutionary War in 1792-3 to
the close of 1800, and will be read with pride by every
Englishman, who must sympathise with the daring, en-
durance, and skill evinced during that eventful period by
our naval commanders and their gallant crews.

Mary Stuart. By Alphonse de Lamartine. (A. & C.
Black.)

We have here a most touching and admirable sketch
of the life of one, beautiful as she was unfortunate — and
whose biography therefore is one of romantic and sur-
passing interest. It may well be imagined how M. de
Lamartine would write on such a theme : and this little
volume possesses not only the interest arising from a
well-considered subject treated by a man of unquestion-
able genius, but is remarkable as being the only work of
M. de Lamartine which has appeared solely in an Eng-
lish form, having been expressly translated from the
original unpublished MS. J. M. H., the translator, has
executed with considerable skill the task of rendering
into English the poet's highly wrought and elaborately
finished narrative.

Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland. Fourteenth
Edition. (A. & C. Black.)

This is certainlj' a most admirable Guide to the Beau-
ties of Scotland, pointing out as it does, not only the
localities most deserving a visit and the means of reaching
them, but also their historical and literary interest. A
work which has reached its fourteenth edition — each of
which successively has been improved — can need no com-
mendation from us.

What is Homceopathy ? And is there any, and what
Amount of Truth in it? By J. T. Conquest, M.D., F.L.S.
(Longman.)

A very important question asked by " a man who has
attained his three score years and ten, and whose prac-
tice has been very extensive during half a century," and
in which he shows the probability that in Homoeopathy
is to be found such a law in therapeutics as Sydenham,
Hunter, and others of great name in medical science long
desired to see.

The Handel Festival has proved a success far beyond
expectation. As a musical performance it was unparal-
leled, and honour was done to the great musician in a
way worthy of his genius, and of the country which
nourished him. That the admiration of that genius is
still on the increase may be inferred from the following
comparative statement: —

The numbers present at the Festival in 1857 were as
follows : —

Saturday .
Monday
Wednesday
Friday . .

Rehearsal . , .
Messiah . . .
Judas Maccabaeus
Israel in Egypt .

8,344
11,129
11,649
17,292

Total . . 48,414
On this occasion the numbers have been as follows : —
Saturday . . . Rehearsal .... 19,680
Monday . . . Messiah .... 17,109
Wednesday . . Te Deum .... 17,644
Friday .... Israel in Egypt . . 26,827 ■

Total . . 81,260
thus showing an increase of 82,846 persons in 1859 over
1857.

The receipts amount on the present occasion to about
thirty thousand pounds !

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &e.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

New Whig Guide,

Robison's MEcnANicAL Philosophy. 4 Vols.
Miss EooBwoftTH's Early Lessons. 4 Vols. First edition.
T>E Pauthe. 3 or 4 Vols, folio.

Stirling's Annals of the Artists op Spain. 3 Vols.
Athen^cm. a set from the commencement, or the first 4 Vols.
Wanted by C. J. Sheet, 10. King William Street, Strand, W. C.

Bemains of WiiLiAM Fhelan, D.D. 2 Vols. 8to. London. 1832.

Vol. II.
Remains op Samdel O'Sdllivan, D.D. 3 Vols. 8vo. Dublin. 1853.

Vol. III.
Mb. Parlan's Statistical Sdrvky op Leitrim. 8vo. Dublin. 1802.
Wanted by Sev. B. H. Blacker, Rokeby, Blackrock, Dublin.

An Universal History of Arts and Sciences, by the Chevalier Denis
de Coetlegon. 2 Vols, folio. London, printed by John Hart. 1745.
Wanted by N. H. li. 9. Parliament Street, Westminster.

fiatictS ta €avveSj^antsmtS.

_ N. H. R. LuttrelVs Diary was published by the University of Oxford
in 1857, in six handsome Svo volumes.

L. T. C. (Hersham) will find in our 1st S. ii. viii. and ix. mtich infnr-
mation respecting ampers and &.

P. W. C. (Oxford) who inquires respecting the use of the letters M or iV
in the church services is also referred to oiir 1st S. i. ii. and iii.

Dexter. The Earl of Warwick, a tragedy, 1767, is by Dr. Thomas
Francklin, Rector of Brasted in Surrey.

3. Md. No more than two series appeared of Warner's Epistolary
Correspondence.

Abhba. Edmund Borlase only published three worhftifilating to Ire-
land.

Ache. Respecting the nt^ordination of an English bishop, see our 1st
S. X. 306. 393.

T. G. L. For the misprint in Psalm Ixviii. 4., Prayer-Book version,
see 1st 8. x. 105. 133.

" Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
yearly Index) is \\s. id., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of Messrs. Beli. and Daldv,186. Fleet Street, E.C; to whom
all Communications fob the Editor thovXd be addressed.

2»* S. VIII. JoLY 9. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

21

LONDON, SATURDAY, JVLY 9. 1859.

No. 184. — CONTENTS.

NOTES ! — English Actors in Germany, by William J. Thorns, 21 —
Gleanings from Writers of the Seventeenth Century, illustrative of
Proverbs, Words, &c., 22 — "The Light of other Days," 23— Celtic
Kemoins in Jamaica, by S. R. Pattison, 24 _ The Prisoners' Basket
Carrier, by John Brent, lb.

Minor Notes : — Lord Erskine and Rev. Wm. Cockin —The Hanove-
rian Jewels - A Lover of Matrimony— Old Jokes — Michelet on
English Literature and on Shakspeare, 25.

MiNoK Queries: — Vertue's Draughts _ Sophocles — John de Baalun —
Cardinal Virtues — Sir William Sutton — Cartulary of Buttele —
Graham: Newton — Countess of Stalford — Sir Walter Scott —
Witches worried at a Stake — " A Letter to a Clergyman, See." — " Le
Bas Bleu" — Rue in Prisoners' Dock — Sir John Gascoigne — He-
raldic Query — Sir Edward Lovett Pearce — " Musomania, or Poets'
Purgatory —Bryan Robinson, M.D. _ Quotation — Herbert Knowles,
26.

Minor Qdebies with Answers ; — College of Christ at Brecon- Bib-
liographical Queries — II Sepolchro del Santo Sangue — Pregnant
Women Pardoned _ Spot's " History of Canterbury," 28.

REPLIES: -Ussher's Britaunicarum Ecclesiarum Antiqultates, 29

— Knights created by Oliver Cromwell, 3 1 —The Origin of the curved
Form of the old Divisions of Land, by Henry Thomas Riley, 32 —
Clapping Prayer-Books on Good Friday, 76.

RiptiEs TO MiNoii Queries: — Antonio de Dominis — Fresco in the
Record Room, Westminster Abbey — Who wrote Gil Bias ? — Coffins

— Randolph family — The Arrows of Harrow — Woodroof— Min-
strels' Gallery in Cathedrals — British Anthropophagi. 33.

Notes on Books, &c.,39.

ENGLISH ACTORS IN GERMANY.

As I was, I believe, the first person to call the
attention of English men of letters to the fact
that at the close of the sixteenth and commence-
ment of the seventeenth centuries, Germany was
visited by a company of English players* — a
curious point of literary history which Mr. Albert
Cohn has since illustrated in various articles in The
Athenceum, I trust I may be excused for occupy-
ing the columns of " N. & Q." with an extract —
a long one certainly — from a communication from
that gentleman which appears in l^ke Athenceum
of June 25th (No. 1652.), and which throws much
new and important light upon this subject : —

" Should the facts that have been brought to light by
others and myself not be deemed a sufficient proof that
those plaj-ers were really Englishmen, the following
document, addressed to the authorities of the Netherlands,
will definiteh' settle at least this part of the question : —

" ' Messieurs, comme les pre'sents porteurs, Robert
Browne, Jehan Bradstriet, Thomas Saxtield, Richard
Jones, ont delibere de faire ung voj'age en Allemagne,
avec intention de passer par le pais de Zelande, Hollande
et Frise, et allantz en leur diet voj'age d'exercer leurs
qualitez en faict de musique, agilitez et joeuz de comme-
dies, tragedies, et histoires, pour s'entretenir et fournir il
leurs despenses en leur diet voyage. Cestes sont partant
vous requerir monstrer et prester toute faveur en voz
pais et jurisdictions, et leur octroyer en ma faveur vostre
ample passeport soubz le seel des Estatz, afin que les
Bourgmestres desvilles estantzsoubs- voz jurisdictions, ne
les empeschent en passant d'exercer leur dictes qualitez
par tout. En quoy faisant, je vous en demeureray ^ tous
oblige, et me treuverez tres appareille h me revencher do
vostre courtoisie en plus grand cas. De ma chaiubre'h, la

* See New MonthlyfMagazine for January, 1841, and
«N. &Q.,"2"<»S. vii. 21.

court d'Angleterre ce x'"e jour de Febvrier, 1591. Voatre
tres afFecslonn^ a vous fayre plaisir et sarvis,

«'C. Howard.'

" This document proves a great deal more than the
English nationality of the players. It has been supposed
hitherto — and I cannot deny that I entertained the same
opinion — that those companies of players originally only
intended to visit the Netherlands, an opinion founded
upon certain documents mentioning the Low Countries
onlj'. It is true, that as early as the last decennium of
the sixteenth centurj-, traces are to be found of their ap-
pearance in Germany, but this is not conclusive as to
their original intention of visiting Germany. On this
point the foregoing passport sets the matter at rest.

" There is another point of difference : it is alleged that
our players cannot have performed in English, consider-
ing the scantj' knowledge of the language which must
have prevailed on the Continent in those times. But the
English origin of certain old German plays has been dis-
tinctly traced. They were composed at the time when the
' English comedians ' displayed their art in Germany, and
it is universally admitted that the German authors of
those plays got acquainted with their English prototj-pes
through the medium of the ' English comedians.' Is it
probable that the latter performed their plays in the Ger-
man language? Is it probable that itinerant players
were sufficiently conversant with that language to speak
it from the stage? Is it not much more probable that
they performed in their mother-tongue, tru.sting to their
mimic art to succeed with a public which at that time
was very modest in its pretensions, and most likely was
sufficiently attracted by the novelty of the thing ? More-
over, a fragment of an English moral-play which, from
the character of its type, appears to have been printed
abroad, is preserved (see Athen., No. 1506.), and it may
be fairly conjectured that it is connected with our Eng-
lish actors — a connexion which, it is true, will have to
be placed on a firmer basis than has hitherto been esta-
blished, and to which I shall revert at a more favourable
occasion.

" As to the duration of the stay of the company alluded
to in the Netherlands, and as to the time of their arrival
in Germany, I am not now in a position to give any re-
liable data. Perhaps their performances in Germany
have some connexion with the coeval theatricals of the
Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick, who began his dramatic
career with his play of Susanna, printed in 1593. For
various reasons, it is evident that he worked under the
influence of the ' English comedians.' Here we will only
mention that the names of his clowns, such as Jahn
(Jack, Jenkin), Jahn Clam (Clown), &c., are identical
with those used by Jacob Ayrer, who, as is well known,
borrowed his from contemporary English designations.
A stronger evidence perhaps is to be found in the simi-
larity one of the Duke's plaj'S — Tragedia von einer
Ehebrecherin — bears to the plot of The Merry Wives of
Windsor. The Ehebrecherin y^RS first printed in 1594;
The Merry Wives of Windsor only in 1600 ; but all the
modern commentators agree that this play must have
been written, and probably was performed, at a much
earlier date, on account of the allusion in Act IV. to the
Duke Frederick of Wurtemberg, who visited Windsor in
1592, and other evidences. To this subject also we will
have to revert in a more detailed manner than your
valuable space admits.

" In conclusion, I shall say a few words on the players
mentioned in the above document.

"A Richard Jones, on the 3rd of Januarj', 1588-9, sold
to Edward Alleyn his theatrical property for 37/. 10».
(See Memoir of E. A., pp. 4. 198.) Again, in Henslowe's
Diary (edited by J. P. Collier for the Shakspeare So-

22

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«-i S. VIII. July 9. '5?.

ciety), a Richard Jones, avIio evidently belonged to the
company of plaj-ers connected with Henslowe, is fre-
quently mentioned between 1593 and 1601. The question
arises whether these two and the one mentioned in the
passport are identical. It maj* be conjectured that a man
who sold his theatrical property in 1589 might have
done so with a view to go abroad, and that in 1593 — the
year when his name first occurs in Henslowe's Diary — he
may have returned. We find in the Alleyn Papers (edited
by J. P. Collier for the Shakspeare Society), p. 19., a
curious document, of some importance, as it throws addi-
tional light on the matter in hand. It is a letter from
Richard Jones — evidently the one mentioned in the
passport — to Edward Alleyn, to the following effect: —
" ' Mr. Allen,— I commend my love and humble duty
to you, geving you thankes for j'o'' great bounty bestoed
upon me in my sicknes, when I was in great want : god
blese you for it. Sir, this it is, I am to go over beyond
the seeas w' Mr. Browne and the com pan j', but not by
his meanes, for he is put to half a shaer, and to staj' hear,
for they ar all against his going : now, good Sir, as A'OU
have ever byne my worthie frend, so helpe me nowe. I
have a sute of clothes and a cloke at pane fo"" three pound,
and if it shall pleas you to lend me so much to release
them, I shall be bound to pray fo' you so longe as I leve ;
for I go over, and have no clothes, I shall not be esteemd
of; and by god's help, the first mony that I get I will
send it over unto you, for hear I get nothinge: some
tymes I have a shillinge a day, and some tymes nothinge,
so that I leve in great poverty hear, and so humbly take
my leave, prainge to god, I and my wifie, for yo"" health
and mistris Allene's, which god continew. — Yo"^ poor
frend to command, Richard Jokes.'

" Unfortunately, no date is affixed to this letter. There
can be no doubt, however, that the writer and the person
mentioned in the passport are identical, nor yet that the
* Mr. Browne ' alluded to is the same person mentioned
first in the passport. Mr. Collier, in his preliminary re-
marks to that letter, informs us that Malone was in pos-
session of a copy of it, but that he was not aware of its
importance in connexion with the history of the early
English stage ; and, further, Mr. Collier regrets having
no clue to a date, nor to the identity of ' Mr. Browne.'
The clue to both will be found in the above passport.
' Mr. Browne,' who was up to this day a mysterious per-
son, and whom Mr. Collier supposes to have been 'some
connexion of Alleyn,' now turns up as Richard Browne,
the principal of a company of English players going
' over beyond the seeas.' It is probable that he was one
of Henslowe's players. Richard Jones, as it appears from
his letter, left England ' in great poverty,' in the hope of
bettering his circumstances abroad. If we may suppose
that he succeeded in doing so, it is not improbable that
he returned to England, and that he might be the person
mentioned in Henslowe's Diary, from 1593 to 1601. If
so, it is probable tliat he was in some way acquainted
■with Shakspeare, as the company of plaj'ers to which
Shakspeare belonged, and that connected with Henslowe,
were acting, if not in concert, in the joint occupation of
the same theatre for two whole years, from June, 1594, to
July, 1596, -while the ' Globe ' was in the course of con-
struction,

"As to the two remaining names mentioned in the
passport, Jehan (John) Bradstriet and Thomas Saxfield,
hitherto I have not been successful in identifying their
persons. Albeet Cohn."

I trust that in thus directing the attention of
the readers of "N. & Q." to this very interesting
question, I shall not only promote the object of
Mr. Cohn's communication — "namely, to induce

English writers to investigate this remarkable
phenomenon hitherto so insufficiently illustrated"
— but also lead to the identification of " Thomas
Saxfield (who will probably turn out to be a
Thomas Sackville) and John Bradstriet."

William J. Thoms.

GLEANINGS FROM WRITERS OF THE SEVENTEENTH
CENTURY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF PROVERBS, WORDS,
ETC.

(^Concluded from p. 8.)

Miscellaneous. —

" I have seen a practise at many dinners made at mar-
riages, after the offerings are made, the Brides gloves are
thrown on the table, and then two of the young men who
will show their gallant spirits, offer for the gloves : one
offers so much, the other more ; the other offers again,
and out-bids him ; so they go on till one layes down so
much that the other will not out-bid him, then he that
offers most carries away the gloves in triumph, the stan-
ders-by applauding him ; the gloves not worth a quarter
of the money that he hath layed down, only he hath
shown his gallantry, got some credit — a friend to the
Bride; this contents him." — Firmin's Real Christian,
p. 176.

" As it is a thing familiarly used among those goers
about which do use the art of Jugling, and present merry
plays and sights to the people for money, to place in a
Cauldron an iron needle, between two loadstones, which
they carry hid in their hands, that it runs here and there
uncertainly, wavering between both, one while following
the stone which draws it unto it at first," &c., &c. —
Ward on the Wonders of the Loadstone, London, 1640.

" It is also a usuall thing with Couseners of plain
Country people, and for Mountebancks, under pretence of
the vertues and effects thereof, to seek earnestly for credit
and estimation to that plaister which in Latin is tearmed
Armarium, and is commonly called the weapon salve,
having sympathy with other things, and wrought upon
by the Stars." — lb., 250.

" You have heard of the weapon salve, that it cures
wounds at a distance ; such a kind of salve is Hope." —
Gurnall's Christian in Armour, iii. 34.

(See Notes and Queries, 2'»'» S. vii. 231.)

"An ill complexion may have a painted face; and
prosperity is no other to a wicked man, than a painted
face to a foul woman." — Burroughs on Hosea, i. 278.

" I make use of this hour to preach in ; though I make
use of it in a holy duty, I make it no further holy than a
man doth his spectacles that he useth to reade the Scrip-
tures by."— 76., 292.

" As the paper and thread in a shop is given in to the
commodity." — lb., 332.

" Those kind of fruits, as your Apricocks and your May
cherries, that grow by a wall in the open sun shine, and
have the hot reflection of the sun, come to be sooner ripe,"
&c. — J6., 462.

" Some, not contented with ordinary plain letters, make
such flourishes about them that you can scarce tell what
they are." — Vol. ii. 37.

"" If possibly there could be imagined any use for them
(t. e. ceremonies in worshipping God) at the first, the
best is that they were but as Horn-books and fisticues for
the childhood and infancy of the Church. And is it
seemly always to learn upon them? What knowledge
shall you get if, when you set your children to learn to

2nds. VIII. July 9. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

23

read, they shall be kept ten, twenty, thirty years to their
Horn-books? — Burroughs on Hosea, vol. ii. 38.

" It is noted of some, who are of poor servile spirits,
and whose greatest means comes in by burials, that they
ar€ glad and rejoyce when they hear the bell ring." — lb.,
109.

" There is great difference between the rebukes of God
on the godl^' and the wicked, though perhaps rebuked
both in one and the same affliction ; as the Apothecary
breaks Bezar stones to powder, but is very carefull of it,
and will not loose the least grain of it : So the Lord's
people, even in the furnace, ai'e as dear to Him, and have
the most experience of God's love, that ever thej- had." —
lb., 451.

" 'Tis reported of the Cristal, that it hath such a vertue
in it, that the very touching of it quickens other stones,
and puts a lustre and beautv on them. This is true of
faith." — /i., 543.

" As in blind Alehouses [query, what are thej' ? *], there
is abundance of disorder," &c., &c. — lb., ii. 33.

" We know, heretofore, what abundance of advantage
there was gotten by Funerals: scarce could you bury a
child under three or four pounds, such kind of fees there
were." — lb., iii. 169.

" You know in times of war men will hide their silver

and I make no question but another generation

may find treasures of silver in the countrie in the midst
of nettle bushes and thorn bushes. It's a lamentable
spectacle to see places where fair buildings have been,
that now nettles and thorns should grow." — lb., iii. 185.

" We know that we prize fruit that is first ripe, as
cherries when they are first of all come, when they come
it may be two or three into the market — and pease . . .
how they are prized . . . We say, when Cherries come
at first, that thev are Ladies' Meat, or longing Meat." —
lb., iii. 212.

" Tou perhaps can look on poor people carrj'ing Tank-
ards, earning dearly ten pence or twelve pence a daj-." —

" See how white they are, what fair skins they have,
and put black Patches likewise to set out their beautj',
and the whiteness of their fair skins ; and if that will not
serve, even laying over a^ paint to make it fair if it be not
otherwise so." — lb., iii. 433.

Reference was made (2"* S. vi. 322.) to the
substitution of / for Aye. It is a somewhat curi-
ous circumstance that, in vol. iii. oi Burroughs on
Hosea, this substitution appears repeatedly, I
think fourteen or fifteen times ; also six times in
vol. iv., though scarcely, if at all, in the two for-
mer volumes does the interjection appear. Can
any correspondent, versed in literature of that
period, say whether this form of the expression
was then universal ? or, as one friend has sug-
gested, supplied by the printer, and peculiar to
books from the same office. Volumes iii. and iv.
were printed " by Peter Cole, at the sign of the
Printing Press, in Cornhil, near the Royal Ex-
change." S. M. S.

THE LIGHT OF OTHER DAYS.

The Rev. John Dun, Y. D. M., minister of the
parish of Auchinleck, Ayrshire, in two 8vo. vols.

. [* Obscure, concealed alehouses; hence Holinshed
speaks of " a blind village," and " a blind ditch."]

of Sermons, printed in 1790, by J(ohn) Wils on
Kilmarnock (the " wee Johnny " of the epitaph
by Burns), notices the two following instances,
which, in point of longevity, gives an almost ante-
diluvian aspect to the narrations (vol. ii. p. 38.) : —

" It was no small gratification to the Convivial Meet-
ing at a respectable Tavern in the City (London), on
Tuesday evening, for the celebration of the Centenary of
the Revolution, that a person was present who remem-
bered that glorious event, being 112 years of age. This
venerable old man was chaired on the occasion. He is
said to be a resident in the French Hospital in Old-Street-
Eoad, where there are ten persons who were born about
that period, their ages making together one thousand
years (London Newspapers of Nov. 7, 1788)." — Vol. i.
p. 230.

" Stop, passenger, until my life 3-ou read,
That living may have knowledge of the dead :
Four times five years I liv'd a virgin's life,
Ten times five years I was a wedded wife ;
Ten times five j'ears I liv'd a widow chaste,
Now tired of this mortal life I rest.

" Four times five years a Commonwealth I saw ;
Ten times the subjects rose against the law ;
Twice did I see old Prelacy pull'd down,
And twice the Cloak was humbled by the Gown :
An end of Stewart's race — I'll say no more —
I saw my Country sold for England's ore :
Such desolations in my time have been.
An end of all perfection I have seen."

" T7tis is the Elegy of Princess Mary Scott, Dutchess of
Buccleugh, who died at Pall-Mall in London, 1728."

" The above Elegy Mr. Dun has kept since a boy play-
ing on the banks of the Esk. He remembers not whence
he had it, nor knows the hand in which it is written.
He, in Spring 1788, sent a copy to the present Duke, and
wrote his Grace as follows : ' I did not chuse to insert it
until I should have your Grace's permission ; at least I
will give 3'ou some months to forbid me before it be
printed, and shall thank you for correction or advice.' "

•' It contains a short history and some instruction,
which (as curious too) induced Mr. Dun to publish it."

At the time the reverend divine issued his Ser-
mons and the notes appended to them, Robert
Burns, as a poet, was in the hey-day of his popu-
larity. It now becomes somewhat interesting to
hear the opinion this Ayrshire clergyman enter-
tained of the bard, which may be learned from his
words: —

" A LATE author indeed, who has abused his God and
his King, has ridiculed the Communion in the parish
where he lived under the sarcasm of a Holy Fair. He
pretends to be onlj' a ploughman, though he mixes Latin
with his mixture of English and Scottish, and is not like
' thresher Duck who kept at flail.' .

" He published inter alia a profane poetic address to the
Devil, which occasioned what follows — in language simi-
lar to his — (This (foot-note) may be suited to him and to
other deistical writers of incoraparabl}' more wit,)"

" The DeeVs Answer to his verra Friend R. Burns.
1. "So! zealous Robin, stout an fell.

True Champion for the cause o' Hell,
Thou beats the Righteous down pell mell,

Sae frank an forthj%
That o' a seat where Devils dwell,
There's nane mair worthy. ,

24

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2->-« S. VIII. July 9. '59.

2. "Giff* thou gang on the gate thou 's gann,
Ilk fearless fieu' shall by thee stan',
That bows aneath my high comman'j

Sae be na frightet,
For I sail lend my helping han'

To see thee rightet."

And in a similar style proceeds to verse viii. : —

" Now, Rob, my lad, chear up th}' saul f,
In Goshen thou shalt tent thy faul J,
An gifF thou's ay as stout an haul §,

As I'm a Deel,
Thou's no give up, till thou's right aul |t,
Sae fare thee weel."
' "Anatoer a Fool according to his Folly, Prov. xxvi. 5."

Mr. Dun acknowledges that it was rather hard
work getting on with this poem, having "ham-
mered it out something like Pope's poet," "who
strains from hard-bound brains nine lines a year."
It is no wonder Burns complained of the great
" spawn " of imitators that his lays had brought
forth. G. JST.

CELTIC BEMAINS IN JAMAICA.

A West-Indian friend, on whose accuracy full
reliance may be placed, has brought to me two
stone implements found in the superficial soil of
the island of Jamaica. They are celts of the ordi-
nary description, and of medium size and careful
workmanship, undistinguishable from the common
types of the later stone period in Europe. The
material is a hard greenstone, unlike as I am in-
formed any rock found on the island. Both bear
traces of the lateral attachment of a haft, made
probably by bending a supple stout wand horizon-
tally round the middle of the tool, and tying it on
with fibres ; just as the granite quarrymen on the
Cornish moors now do with their small steel chisels.
A third implement of larger size, but of the same
kind, has also been exhumed. I have not heard
of any pottery or other objects of art. The fact
and fashion of the tool connect it with the abori-
ginal tribes of western Europe, or rather with the
first traceable wave of the Indo-European migra-
tion. Will one of your correspondents who is
gifted with leisure for the investigation follow up
the subject by noting the vestiges of the westward
course of the great original stream of Celtic popu-
lation ? I have some recollection of the occur-
rence of similar implements in the United States
being recorded, but have not time to pursue the
inquiry, though it assumes the more interest at
present from the analogous, though different, phe-
nomena of the flint implements now under such
copious discussion among antiquaries and geolo-
gists. No reasonable doubt can be entertained
by anyone who sees the articles found near Amiens
and Abbeville, and in the Sicilian and-Brixham
caves, that they are of man's workmanship, and

intended for different uses : in fact, that we have
the cutlery of the early stone period. At St.
Acheul, as at the former jftnd in our own country,
the abundance of these remains within a narrow
space points to more than a settlement, and shows
the existence of a manufactory. Just as future
archaeologists will find at Brandon proofs of the
fabrication of gun-flints for the million. The oc-
currence of the bones of extinct mammals inter-
spersed with the implements, and of undisturbed
beds of brick-earth with land shells above, and
intercalated with implement-bearing drift, are
phenomena so remarkable that I prefer waiting
for farther facts in confirmation before attempting
either to found conclusions or alter present land-
marks. There is a well-endowed band of ex-
plorers on the quest, and they will doubtless
unkennel the truth, which is always well worth
the hunting, I recollect a collection of flint im-
plements in the museum at Beauvais, which should
be examined. An arrow-head of flint has been
found in a Cornish stream-work. S. R. Pattison.

If.

t Soul. X Fold. § Bold.

Old.

THE prisoners' BASKET CARRIER.

^ An officer bearing this name exercised his func-
tions in Canterbury for many years. His duties
consisted in perambulating the streets with a
basket, into which the charitable dropped their
contributions for the poor prisoners. The con-
dition of prisoners, more especially of the hum-
blest class of debtors, was often very deplorable.
Incarcerated by the local court for weeks, and
even for months, for the most trifling debts, the
amounts sometimes scarcely exceeding a shilling,
they remained at one time almost solely depend-
ent on the charitable for their daily food. The
court by whose judgments they were cast, some
years previous to the establishment of the County
Court) was denominated by one of those anomalies
in our language which have such strange humour
in them, the Court of Conscience !

The duties of "prisoners' basket carrier" not
being sufficiently remunerating, the functionary
received, a.d. 1707, the additional appointment of
" swine driver," whereby he acquired official au-
thority to drive to pound, or elsewhere secure, all
these and other animals found wandering at large
in the streets and public places. The jury pre-
sentments two hundred years since give a vivid
picture of the then state of the thoroughfares in
Canterbury, which doubtless applied to many
other towns In the kingdom. One man, a car-
penter or builder, returning from the woods at
" Nether Hardres," coolly shoots down a load of
timber before his door, for want of a timber yard.
Another drives posts Into the footway before his
house, on which to display his merchandise. A
third keeps a whole team of pigs, which live at

2''d S. VIII. July 9. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

25

large in happy freedom in the streets, like the
dogs that prowl through an Eastern city ; while a
fourth makes an invasion on the narrow street, of
a porch or of a shed, or perhaps of a bay window,
within which to drink or smoke, and otherwise
enjoy himself. In some places ponderous signs,
swung across from house to house, and overhang-
ing stories above and covered ways beneath, as in
the ancient " Mercerie," made it a marvel that
anyone who entered s^t one end of these " thoro-
fares " should ever make his exit at the other.

But to return to the prisoners' basket carrier :
A.D. 1711, he is ordered to have a new coat.
Thirty-five years later, to his other duties is
added the Augean duty of keeping clear the
great sewer at King's Bridge. Doubtless such a
duty was not very repugnant to an individual in
his humble capacity, when we find that in the
preceding year Alderman Blotting received two
guineas for making the gallows and cofBn of a
man named William Hulke,who was hanged in
the city. The shaft of a gibbet, probably one of
Alderman Blotting's manufacture, still lies on the
under floor of the Guildhall.

A.D. 1707, a practice obtained of certain pri-
soners from Westgate being allowed to go at
large. This was afterwards prohibited, except
under special licence from the mayor, whose
jurisdiction, with that of the sheriff, seemed to
be conflicting, or not properly defined in respect
of the prisoners and the gaol.

The executions in Canterbury, judging by the
number of gibbets, must have been numerous ;
and among the individuals who suffered we may
note, A.D. 1661, two reputed witches. The she-
riff''s expenses on this occasion were 38^. The
ancient corporation of Canterbury, in connexion
with the administration of the laws, had a power
to admit parties to act as'attorneys. a.d. 1665,
this privilege was restricted to those persons who
had been brought up as clerks under the Re-
corder and the Town Clerk, or had served under
attorneys.

Law was conrparatively cheap, a.d. 1636, the
town clerk was paid 65. Sd. for engrossing every
lease, and 6*. 8c?. for enrolling the same ; the mayor
and aldermen being allowed 12d. conjointly for
wine on the sealing of each lease.

A.D. 1640, Isaac Bond is appointed bellman, and
one department of his duty consisted in perambu-
lating the city of a night to look out after the
fires and candles of the inhabitants, and to knock
at every one's house " who had gone to bed with
his doors open." Also, " to inform Mr. Mayor, or
the master of the family, of all such servants as
he should find in the streets at unseasonable
hours."

A few years later, a.d, 1660, the bellman was
allowed a coat of green cloth at the city's ex-
pense ; a perquisite not badly earned, if he faith-

fully reported all he saw. The night watch about
this period consisted of twelve persons, four of
whom had to stand at St. Andrew's Church as a
corps de reserve. The old church stood then in
the centre of the main street. The remainder of
the watch (eight) were divided into two com-
panies, who walked up and down throughout the
city. The watch was set at ten o'clock by the
constable of the watch, and continued until four
o'clock of the morning. Aldermen of the watch
were appointed. John Brent.

iHitior ^aXzi.

Lord Erskine and Rev. Wm. Cochin. — In Re-
collections of Samuel Rogers, Lond. 1859, 12mo.
under reminiscences of Thos. Lord Erskine, by
the poet, at p. 167., is an anecdote related by the
former, after dinner at Lord Holland's, which
states that he was employed to establish a will by
which a clergyman came into a large property
bequeathed to him by two old maiden ladies, from
some small courtesies which they were pleased to
value so highly. No place or names are particu-
larised ; but as the date of the events is now at
least seventy years, there can be no objection to
stating that the reverend gentleman was Mr.
William Cockin, then curate, but afterwards rec-
tor, of Minchinhampton *, a clergyman of the
highest respectability, and the name of the ladies
(sisters) was Penfold. The trial took place at
Gloucester Assizes, and Mr. Erskine came down
specially, with a fee of three hundred guineas. I
should thank any reader of " N. & Q." who would
point out to me where I can find a detailed re-
port of the said trial, or even the speech delivered
by Mr. Erskine on the occasion. S.

TTie Hanoverian Jewels. — From a political
letter of 1717 I extract the following : —

" S* that King George declares peremptorily ag* these
three things, ever to let Prince Fred come over, to bring
over the Hanover Jewels, or to part with any of his
numerous studd of horses in Hanover."

Cl. Hoppbk.

A Lover of Matrimony. — The following extract
from the Public Advertiser of July 17, 1792, if
true, records the most determined pursuer of
wedded bliss I have ever heard of. Can you
spare a corner for it ?

" On Thursday se'nnight [July 5] was married, at
Billingborough, after a courtship of one hour and fifteen
minutes, Mr. Nicholas Wilson, of Five Willow Walk, in
the parish of Hetkinson, to Mrs. Pepper, of the parish of
Billingborough ; this being his eighth wife, and he her
third husband. The number of relations that celebrated

* The Rev. William Cockin was of Brasenose College,
Oxford, M.A. 1790, and was presented to Minchinhamp-
ton cum Rodborough in 1806, and to Cherrington,
Gloucestershire, in 1814. Ob. Mardi 3, 1841.

26

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«'<i S. VIII. July 9. '60.

this wedding amounted to 83, who, together with the
bride and bridegroom, paraded the streets with colours
flying."

Can it be true ? It looks very suspicious.

Tee Bee.
Old Jokes. —

" SxoAaTTiKo? ixaBuv on 6 Kopa^ vtrep to. Siaxdo-ia errj f^,
dyopa(ras KopaKa ets airoireipaj' erpei^e." — Hieroclis FaceticB,

XX. p. 402., ed. Lond. 1673.

Whatever may be the date of the 'Affnia, it is
unquestionably the most ancient jest book extant.
I hoped that the old bird was dead, but as Figaro
is trying to pass him off under a new name, allow
me to nail him against your wall. As a raven he
was game, as an owl he is carrion : —

" Un paj'san de la basse Normandie, aussi spirituel que
ceux de la' haute, trouva dans le trou d'un viel arbre, un
hibou, qu'il emporta chez lui,

" ' Es tu fou,' lui dit sa menagere, ' c'te vilaine bete fera
peur a nos geuisses.'

" ' Ma fine,' repondit le campagnard, 'j'ons entendu dire
h m'sieu le maitre d'ecole, qu'un hibou vivait deux cent
ans, et j'voulons m'en assurer par moi-meme.'" — Figaro,
25 Juin, 1859.

FiTZHOPKINS.

Garrick Club.

Michelet on English TAterature and on Shak-
speare. — Michelet (Jeanne d' Arc, 1856, p. 129.),
speaking of" English literature, says that it is
" sceptique, judaique, satanique." In a note he
says, " 1 do not recollect to have seen the word
' God ' in Shakspeare. If it is there at all, it is
there very rarely, by chance, and without a sha-
dow of religious sentiment." Mrs. Cowden Clarke,
by means of her admirable Concordance to Shak-
speare, enables us to weigh the truth of this emi-
nent French writer's remarks.

The word "God" occurs in Shakspeare upwards
of one thousand times. In the Holy Scriptures,
according to Cruden, it occurs about eight hun-
dred times. It is true that the word often occurs
in Shakspeare without a reverential sentiment :
but M. Michelet says it never occurs with a
religious feeling {un sentiment religieux). This
statement is almost as erroneous as that regarding
the absence of the word. It would be quite out
of place to attempt to quote passages in point ;
but if an Englishman were challenged, I think he
might safely promise to produce from Shakspeare
more passages indicative of deep religious feeling
than are to be found in any French writer that I
have ever met with.

The word "heaven" occurs in Shnkspeare up-
wards of eight hundred times. S. Blackcombe.

Ve-rtue's Draughts. — In a valuable paper which
I find in your P' S. xi. pp. 380-1., there is a re-
peated reference to '-Vertue's Draughts, or Draw-

ings from Ancient Statues," as a document well
known and accessible. But at the British Mu-
seum the ofEcers neither have it, nor can give any
information about it.

Such a document, however, ought to be in some
public institution, and probably is so, although to
me unknown. I should feel greatly indebted to
any correspondent who could furnish me with any
clue to it. Sheen.

Sophocles. — Erotian, in his collection of words
used by Hippocrates, cites a passage from the
Clytmmnestra of Sophocles, and Hesychius the
lexicographer is thought to refer with approval
to the same drama. It has been conjectured,
however, that Erotian's quotation belongs to the
part of Clyta^mnestra in the extant Electra of
Sophocles, wherein it would supply a deficiency.
In the year 1804, a remarkable announcement
was made that Professor Mattha3i, of Moscow,
had found in the Library of Augsburgh a large
fragment of this lost tragedy, containing about
300 lines, commencing with Tisiphone alone speak-
ing, and ending with the Chorus. Matthaei was
well known in the learned world, on account of
his discovering the Homeric Hymn to Ceres, and
his many other successful researches in Greek
literature. But of this alleged Sophoclean trea-
sure trove, I have not met with any other
mention than what is contained in the literary
intelligence of 1804. (See the North British
Magazine and Review for September, 1804, p.
165.) In the copious collections of the Fragments
subjoined to the editions of Oxford, 1826, and
of Paris, 1844, nothing is said of Matthaei's dis-
covery. Perhaps some among the readers of
" N. & Q." may be able to trace this matter in
the foreign literary journals. I have only looked
into the Amsterdam Bibliotheca Critica, which
does not even allude to this alleged discovery. Is
it a mistake ? or is it a literary fraud ? Akterus.

Dublin.

John de Baalun, one of the barons in arms
against Henry IH. in the year 1217. Wanted,
information respecting him and his descendants.
His arms were, gules, 3 bars dancettee argent.

Y. S. M.

Cardinal Virtues. — In what period was ifc that
the cardinal virtues were introduced to the
world under that designation ? And further,
were Justice, Fortitude, Prudence, and Temper-
ance brought forward at the same time as Faith,
Hope, and Charity ?

Truth, Mercy, and Self-denial do not seem to
have been held in high estimation in those days.

H. E. B.

Sir William Sutton. — Is anything known of
Sir William Sutton beyond the fact he was a pro-
genitor of Robert Lord Lexington, who died in

2»d S. Vlll. July 9. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

27

1688 ? The following curious epitaph to his me-
mory was copied a short time ago from Averhara
churchyard, and is, I think, deserving of a corner
in"N. &Q.:" —

" Sir William Sutton corps here toombed sleepes,
Whose happy soul in better mansions keepes ;
Thrice nine yeares lived he with his ladye faire —
A loveh', noble, and Ij'ke vertuous pa3're.
Their generous offspring (parents joy of heart).
Eight of each sex : of each an equal part
Ushered to Heaven their father, the other
Eemained behind him to attend their mother."

Stuffynwood.

Cartulary of Buttele. — Can you inform me
where the MS. thus described in Dugdale is
now? —

" Chronicon sive Cartularium Prioratus de Buttele,
quod incipit tempore Augustini Rivers prioris, scil. anno
1509, et desinit anno 1536. MS. paper in folio contin.
fol. 72. penes v. cl. Petrum Le Neve, Norroy."

In Sir Thos. Phillipps's List of Chartularies the
vol. passed from Le Neve's hands to those of Ives.
Where it is now he does not say. A. T. Paget.

Kirkstead Rectory, Norwich.

Graham : Newton. — Alderman John Graham
of Drogheda married Charity, sister to Alderman
William Newton of Drogheda and Major- Gene-
ral John Newton, and had, with other issue, a son,
the Eight Hon. William Graham, M.P., and a
daughter, Sarah, wife of Sir Thomas Taylor, Bart.,
ancestor of the Marquess of Headfort. Alder-
man Graham died in 1717. He had a brother
Arthur (father of John Graham) and three sisters,

Catherine, wife of Singleton, Kachel, and

Sarah, wife of Johnston. Who were these

Grahams and Newtons ? The General was a
burgess of Londonderry, and I think M.P. for
that city. Sir William Betham, I know, made
Alderman Graham descended from a family set-
tled in the co. Down or Armagh, I forget which,
but as far as I can discover without a particle of
proof, as was the case in too many of his pedi-
grees. Y. S. M.

Countess of Stafford, daughter of Philibert
Count de Grammont. Her letters are mentioned
in the preface to Grammont's Memoirs. I should
be glad to know where and when these letters
were published. Q. R.

Sir Walter Scott. — The only descendant of
this eminent individual now alive is the youthful
daughter of Mr. Hope Scott, Queen's Counsel.
Can any of your readers inform me who is next
heir to the Abbotsford estate, failing this girl? J

Witches worried at a Stake. — In 1679, Anna-
pie Thompson and others, being convicted of
witchcraft, were condemned " to be taken to the
west end of Borrowstoness, the ordinary place of
execution there, upon Tuesday the twentie-third

day of December current, betwixt two and four
o'clock in the afternoon, and ther to be wirried at
a stench till they be dead, and therafter to have
their bodies burned to ashes."

Was this barbarous penalty usual in cases of
witchcraft, or on other occasions ? Ache.

" A Letter to a Clergyman, ^c." — Please tell me
the name of the author of a 12mo. volume, pp.
118., published in London in 1746, and entitled,
A Letter to a Clergyman, relating to his Sermon
on the 30th of January. It is dedicated to the
Bishop of Winchester ; and, containing some par-
ticulars of Irish affairs, professes to be " a com-
pleat Answer to all the Sermons that ever have
been, or ever shall be, preached, in the like strain,
on that Anniversary." Abhba.

" Le Bas Bleu." — Can any of your Edinburgh
readers give me any information regarding the
authorship of the following play ? Le Bas Bleu,
or the Fall of the Leaf a farce in two acts,
performed at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, for
the first time 30th March, 1836, Edinburgh. 50
copies printed for private circulation by the Edin-
burgh Printing Company. Sigma.

Brie in Prisoners^ Dock. — In Mr. Dickens's new
tale of " The Two Cities," allusion is made to the
custom of placing herbs in the dock in front of a
prisoner arraigned for treason. The scene is laid
at Newgate in the year 1775. Query : how long
previous to that period dates its origin ? and is it
now used on trials for any but capital offences ?

The custom in early days seems in a great
measure to have been one of precaution, herbs
sprinkled with vinegar being strewn about the
court as a preventative of jail fevers.

This, however, cannot be the motive for its
continuance in days of sanitary improvements.
At the trial of Manning and his wife for murder,
it will be remembered that at the conclusion of a
speech by one of the counsel, Mrs. Manning
gathered some of " the sprigs of rue placed on
the dock," and threw them vehemently over tlie
wigged heads of the " learned gentlemen." *

Frank Lamb.

Sir John Gascoigne. — Can you inform me
where I can obtain any particulars about Sir
John Gascoigne, the father of George Gascoigne
according to Wood ? Is there any known proof
of his having any connexion with the county of
Essex ? G. H. K.

Heraldic Query. — Can anyone assist me in
identifying the following arms?— Parted per pale
baron and feme two coats : first, az. a cross be-
tween four eagles displayed ar. ; second, gu. on a

[* See "N. & Q." 2nd g. ii. 351. 479. ; iv. 198. 238.—
Ed.]

28

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2od &. VIII, July 9. '59.

chevron between three trees erased or, three
martlets, the colour of which I cannot make out,
but they are probably sa. Crest, a doe courant.

I have an idea that the arms are those of White
impaled with those of Antram or Antrim, but am
not at all certain. J. A. Pn.

Sir Edward Lovett Pearce. — In the year 1733,
Sir Edward Lovett Pearce, "a celebrated archi-
tect, and the builder of the Irish parliament-house
of his day," departed this life, and was buried in
the old churchyard of Donnybrook, near Dublin.
Are any particulars of his life and professional
engagements to be found in print ? He is men-
tioned (as I am aware) in Harris's History of
Dublin, p. 410., Whitelaw and Walsh's History of
Dublin, vol. i. p. 529., and D' Alton's History of
tlie County of Dublin, p. 805. ; and his interment
is duly recorded in the register of burials in the
parish of Donnybrook. Abhba.

"Musomania, or Poets' Purgatory," 12mo. 1817.
— Can any of your correspondents tell me the
name of the author of the above work ? Pub-
lished with the pseud. Jeremiah Jingle. I have
got the MS. of it in my possession. I am also
desirous of ascertaining the author of Sketches of
Irish Political Characters (London, 1799). At p.
193. the author refers to himself as a graduate
of Trinity College, Dublin.

W. J. Frrz-PATRicK.

Bryan Robinson, M.D. — Where may I ascer-
tain particulars of Bryan Robinson, M.D., the
author of a posthumous publication, entitled An
Essay on Coin ? (Svo. pp. 104., Dublin, 1757).

Abhba.

Quotation.— 'Who is the author of the following
lines ? —

"Why every nation, every clime, though all
In laws, in rite, in manners disagree,
With one consent expect another world
Where wickedness shall weep.!* why Punjuin bards,
Fabled Elysian plains — Tartarian lakes,
Styx and Cocytno — tell why Hali's sons
Have feign'd a paradise of mirth and love,
Banquets and blooming nj'mphs ? or rather tell
Why on the banks of Orellana's stream,
Where never science reared her sacred torch,
The untutor'd Indian dreams of happier worlds
Beyond the cloud-topt hill ? "

Dexter.
^ Herbert Knowles. — Can any of your readers
give any information about Herbert Knowles,
who wrote some beaxitiAil " lines in Richmond
Churchyard, Yorkshire," on the words, " It is good
to be here," and beginning thus : —

" Methinks, it is good to be here,
If thou wilt let us build — but for whom .» "

Also, are there any other poems by the same
author, and if so, where are they to be found ?

H. E. Wilkinson.

Sir Henry Calverley. — Can you give me any
information about Sir Henry Calverley, or Cal-
verly, Knt., M.P. for Northallerton from 1678 to
1685, or tell me where I am likely to find it ?

C. J. D. Ikgledew.

Davenanfs Place of Confinement. — Was Dave-
nant's place of confinement Cowes Castle, or
Carisbrooke Castle ? When Davenant was on
his way to Virginia his vessel was captured by
a Parliamentary man-of-war, and he was lodged
in prison. Aubrey says at Carisbrooke, others
say Cowes ; which is the truth ? Was Gondibert
written in either place ? V.

Early Law Lists. — Will any kind reader of
" N. & Q." tell me where I can procure or get a
sight of a list of the gentlemen practising in the
Law Courts from 1695 to 1705, or any year during
that period ? J. F. C.

Ancient Localities near London. — I am at a loss
as to the identification of the following places
mentioned as being in the close vicinity of Lon-
don, temp. Henry III. : Sandford, apparently to--
wards the north of London ; Bolkette, apparently
on the south ; Anedethe, "near Westminster;" and
the ^^New Wear," situate somewhere probably be-
tween the Tower and the Pool (la Pole). I shall
esteem it a favour if any of your correspondents
will assist me by way of information or suggestion.

I am inclined to identify Sandford with the
present Stamford (Hill), as being more to the
north than Stratford, which is evidently men-
tioned in the passage in question as being the
eastern boundary. The western boundary is
Gnichtebrigffe, the earliest mention of Knights-
bridge that I remember to have seen.

Henry Thomas Rilet.

Minor ^utviti tottS ^niStDcrtf,

College of Christ at Brecon. — Any information
respecting this collegiate church, and particularly
where the muniments belonging to it are deposited,
will be esteemed a favour. A. M.

[Our correspondent will find the information he desires
in Theophilus Jones's History of the Counti/ of Brecnock
(4to. Brec. 1809), vol. ii. pt. ii. pp. 726—760. inclusive.
In the Appendices (Nos. IX. & X.) are contained the
charter of Henry VIII. for transferring the College of
Abergwili to the house or priory of the Dominicans at
Brecon ; and an exemplification of a decree in the Court
of Exchequer (temp. William and Mary) establishing the
right of the prebendaries of this collegiate chapter to
their possessions. The muniments belonging to the col-
lege are deposited, no doubt, at Abergwili, the episcopal
residence of St. David's, whose bishop is also Dean and
Treasurer of Brecon. The college, as well as the beau-
tiful chapel, has almost entirely disappeared. About
three years ago. Lord Llanover (then Sir B. Hall) called
th& attention of parliament to the condition of both, which
led to an angry correspondence between the Bishop of St.

2*^ S. VIIL July 9. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

29

David's and himself; but whether any immediate prac-
tical good resulted to the college, or is likely to do so, we
are unable to say.]

Bibliographical Queries. — Who 'were the re-
spective authors of the following anonymous pub-
lications ? —

I 1. An Impartial Consideration of the Speeches of the
five Jesuits lately executed. 4to. London. 1679.
[By Dr. John Williams, Bishop of Chichester. ]

2. Histoire de I'lnquisition et son Origine. 12mo.
Cologne. 1693.

[Par rAbb(J MarsoUier.]

3. The Rights of the Christian Church Asserted, &c.
8vo. London. 1706.

TBy Dr. Matthew Tindal. See «K & Q.," 1" S. vi.
11.]

4. Popery against Christianity ; or, an Historical Ac-
count of the Present State of Rome, &c. 8vo. London.
1719.

[By Parenthenopeus Hereticus, i. e. William Gordon.]

5. The Cries of Royal Blood. 12mo. London. 1722.

6. A Critical Review of the Political Life of Oliver
Cromwell. 12mo. Dublin. 1739.

[By John Bankes ( ?). See " N. & Q.," !■' S. iv. 180 J

Abhba.

II Sepolchro del Santo Sangue. — At some town
in the northern part of Italy there is a church
which contains a shrine in the centre of the build-
ing, intituled " II Sepolchro del Santo Sangue,"
the legend being that the Roman soldier who
pierced the Saviour's side, caught the blood as it
flowed, preserved it, and brought it to his native
town, where he, having become a believer, con-
secrated it, and deposited it, and that this church
was erected on the spot.

The memory of the inquirer as to the locality
fails him. C.

[The shrine is in the Basilica di Santa Andrea at
Mantua. " In a crypt beneath the high altar is a shrine
to contain the blood of our Lord collected by the centu-
rion." (Murraj''s Hand- Book of Northern Italy, 6th edit,
p. 226.) According to Zedler (vol. xxxiii. col. 2028.),
" Sanguis Jesu Christi is the name of a Mantuan order of
knighthood, instituted in 1608 by Vincent IV., Duke of
Mantua, in honour of Our Saviour's blood, of which it is
maintained that they have at Mantua a few drops."
(Then follows a description of the collar of the order.)
" At its extremity is suspended an oval, whereon are two
angels holding a coronated chalice, with three drops of
blood and this postil : Nihil isto triste recepto."^

Pregnant Women pardoned. — In the case of
Johan Norkett, who was murdered in the fourth
year of King Charles I. by her husband, aunt,
and grandmother, " Judgement was given, and
the grandmother and the husband executed, but
the aunt had the privilege to be spared execution,
being with child." (Quoted from some notes on
the case by Sir John Maynard in Collet's Relics
of Literature, 1823, p. 163.)

Was such exemption usual in similar cases ?

Here, in Norfolk, there is a popular belief (qu. a
vulgar error ?), that if a woman in this condition
be guilty of theft, and her state at the time be
known to the judge, he " can't punish her nohow."
The ground of this exemption is referred to the
" woman's longing " at such periods, which is sup-
posed to render her absolutely incapable of ab-
staining from any means of gratifying her desires,
however unlawful in other circumstances. I have
been told of more than one case of acquittal on
these grounds, said to have occurred in this
county ; but I have had no opportunity of veri-
fying, or disproving them. Ache.

[It is a " vulgar error," that women, upon a capital con-
viction, and being in a state of pregnancy, are on that
account not amenable to the utmost demands of the law.
Under such circumstances, the Court is, and ever has
been, bound to grant a reprieve, until such time as she
is delivered of a child, or it is no longer possible in the
course of nature that she should be so delivered. The
fact of pregnancy is generally determined by a jury of
matrons, impanelled for that purpose. The reprieve, in
these cases, is usually followed by a commutation of the
original sentence; hence, no doubt, the popular notion
alluded to by our correspondent.]

Spoils '■'■History of Carderburyr — Somner, in
his preface to his Antiquities of Canterbury, al-
ludes to a work entitled " Spot's History of Can-
terbury, mentioned byBalaeus," as a book "which,
if he had but gotten, he should perchance have
brought the work to more perfection." Can any
of the readers of " N. & Q." give any information
in respect of Spot's History ? It must have been
extremely scarce, even if extant in Somner's time,
A.D. 1640, or he would doubtless have succeeded
in obtaining it. John Bkest.

[This work was published by Heame in 1719, entitled
Thorns Sprotti Chronica, from a MS. in the library of
Sir Edward Dering, of Surrenden. Thomas Sprot, or
Spott, was a monk of St. Augustine's at_Canterbury, and
flourished a.d. 1274.]

^ei^liti.

USSHER's BHITANNICARUM ECCLESIAE0M ATiTTIQUI-

TATES.

(2'"i S. vii. 121. 523.)
Agreeing with Lancastrtensis as to the " na-
tional" character of Ussher's great work, written
in compliance with a royal command, I also admit
that it is desirable to trace out the source of the
text given in Dr. Elrington's edition. But I
cannot agree with him that there is reason^ to
doubt what I had asserted, of that edition being
" at most but a reprint," although it might not be
difficult to prove that it is even somewhat less.
It was undertaken, as the reverend and learned
editor informs us, at the request of the Provost
and Senior Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin,
who defrayed all the expenses of printing and
publication. The Horatian precept, " nonumque

30

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«<« S. VIII. July 9. '59.

prematur in annum," may have been in this in-
stance more than observed. For, so far back as the
year 18*29, the work was advertised by MiUiken,
the University bookseller, as being then " in the
press" (Mill'iken's Catalogue, p. 273., Dublin,
1829). Late in tlie year 1847, or early in 1848,
appeared the first volume, entitled : —

" The Whole Works of the Most Reverend James
Ussher, D.D., Lord Archbishop of Armagh .... with a
Life of the Author, and an Account of his Writings. By
Charles Richanl Elrington, D.D., Regius Professor of
Divinity in the University of Dublin. In Sixteen
Volumes. Vol. I. Dublin .... mdcccxlvii. 8vo."

The title is immediately followed by an " Ad-
vertisement," dated " Trinity College, Dublin,
Nov. 1, 1847 ;" in which "The Editor deeply re-
grets that he has been compelled to delay for so
long a period the publication of the Works of
Archbishop Ussher." Much professorial and other
public business, long and successive attacks of
illness, and consequent necessity for going abroad,
are adduced not unreasonably to account for the
delay, though they might have equally prompted
a resignation of the work to another editor. The
most important part of this "Advertisement" is
the following : —

" In editing the works of Archbishop Ussher, the great
difficulty arose from the unusual number of quotations to
be found in them. The Editor has endeavoured to verify
all these quotations, and he has changed the references to
the more modern and more generally used editions. The
numerous quotations from the Fathers he has referred to
the Benedictine editions, whenever they existed, unless,
as it sometimes happened, the Archbishop quoted a pas-
sage from spurious writings, which they [t. e. the Bene-
dictine editors] rejected altogether. In other cases he
has named the edition in the place where the quotations
from an author first occurred."

I regret that, so far as I have examined those
references, I have found little to commend. They
are by no means remarkable for minute accuracy,
and they give but trifling assistance towards trac-
ing the tlsserian citations. They should have
been carefully distinguished by being placed within
brackets, from those originally given by Ussher,
and the editions should have been carefully indi-
cated. Not infrequently are the citations better
marked in the old editions of the Brit. Eccles.
Antiquitates than in the new. Thus in Ussher's De-
dication to King Charles there occurs an adapted
quotation from St. Matthew (Matt. xiii. 47, 48.)
In the new edition it is marked as an exact cita-
tion, and the additional information given in the
improved reference consists of two syllables, which
any reader could have supplied (Matt. xiii. 47,
48.), and which would have been wholly unneces-
sary if only the Roman numerals had been used
to express the chapter. Again, in his Preface,
Ussher had cited two lines from the fifth Act of
the Helena of Euripides. The late editor strikes
out the reference to the Act, and substitutes one
to the number of the lines, which does not agree

with the editions extant in Ussher's time, and is
not described as belonging to any of more recent
date. Even a cursory review of this edition of
Ussher would occupy more space than could be
afforded to such a subject in " N. & Q." I there-
fore abstain from here attempting it, only observ-
ing that the edition itself still remains incomplete.

The first volume alone has a title page, and
the fourteenth volume has not yet appeared,
although this printed slip, without date or signa-
ture prefixed to the fifteenth volume, would lead
one to expect it : " The publication of the four-
teenth volume is unavoidably postponed." But
did that deserve the magnificent title of The
Whole Works, from which is excluded not only
The Body of Divinity, which Ussher did not de-
sire to have published, at least with his name ;
but also the Bibliotheca Theologica, " which had
(says Dr. Elrington) from an early period of his
life formed the great object of the Archbishop's
attention," yet is permitted by his editor still to
remain an unpublished manuscript ? At the be-
ginning of the thirteenth volume, "the Editor
feels considerable reluctance in publishing this
volume of Sermons, as if it contained the genuine
writings of Archbishop Ussher."

In the fourth volume (pp. 235—381.) is "A
Discourse of the Religion anciently professed by
the Irish and British. First printed in 1631."
Yet notwithstanding this averment of a first pub-
lication in 1631, Dr. Elrington had already stated
(vol. i. p. 131.) that it "had appeared before, in
nearly the same form, appended to a Treatise of
Sir Christopher Sibthorpe," to whom " the new
edition is dedicated" by Ussher himself. The
first edition of that work was at Dublin, 1622,
the second, of London, 1631.

The fifth and sixth volumes contain the Brit.
Eccles. Antiquitates, of which they form the third
and as yet the most convenient edition. Probably
the merit, like that of Combe's Horace, consists
much, if not altogether, in the paper and print.
To each volume is prefixed an incomplete copy of
the title of the first edition ; from which, and from
the date at the end of Ussher's Preface (vol. v.
p. 9), Lancastriensis, if I have not mistaken his
argument, intimates that I was wrong in sup-
posing Dr. Elrington's edition to have been re-
printed from that of 1687, which, however, I had
neither stated nor supposed. When I said that it
was at most but a reprint, I did not intend to assert
that it was even so much ; nor am I now able to
determine which of the preceding editions was
followed, or on what grounds a preference was
made. The date at end of Ussher's preface
throws no light on this difficulty, for it would
be preserved by every editor. But the title with
the date 1639 may fairly be presumed to indicate
a preference for that edition. Now, on compari-
son, I cannot find that Dr. Elrington has exactly

2'»dS. VIII. July 9. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

31

reprinted that original edition ; and besides other
deviations from it, I can show where he some-
times agrees with the second edition, in a typo-
graphical or literal error, from which the first
edition was free. Thus vol. vi. p. 348., line 3.,
" ex vita S. Albani" which exactly agrees with
the text of the London edition of 1687, p. 414.,
but is certainly wrong, while in the edition of
1639, it is " ex vita S. Albani" which is right,
the passage cited being from the Life of St. Ab-
ban, an Irish abbot, who lived some centuries
later than the English proto-martyr St. Alban.
The Life itself, here used by Ussher, was after-
wards published by the learned and zealous
Franciscan Father John Colgan (^AA. SS. Hi-
bern. Lovan. 1645, ad diem xvi Martii), with
whose publications an editor of Ussher should
not be unacquainted. In the old MS. version of
Ussher, which I have already described (2°^ S.
vii. 121.), this passage is thus rendered : — "To
which wee may adde this out of the Life of S.
Abban, The holy Bishop Ibar inhabited more in
his famous monastery called Beck-erin than in
any other place." From this and other circum-
stances, I am convinced that this inedited version
was made from the edition of 1639, and probably
about the time that Stillingfleet's Origines Bri-'
tannicce appeared (Lond. 1685), which being in
English may have suggested the idea of trans-
lating Ussher's work on the same subject.

Vol. vi. p. 478., lines 10. and 11., Laeogarii, as
in the London edition, p. 473., while in the Dub-
lin edition, p. 913 , it is in each place Laogarii.

Vol. vi. p. 272. note" N''D1ptJ>X, which differs
from the reading of both the preceding editions.
The first (p. 727.) has what is manifestly wrong,
N''21p5i'X ; the second (p. 380.), what is more pro-
bably right, N^D1|X'K. But Dr. Elrington's read-
ing agrees witb what Gagnier, in his Latin version
(Oxon. 1706, p. 293.), cites from the Hebrew
text of Josippon, but disagrees with what he has
in another place (p. 371.) which tends to confirm
the London edition of 1687, which is described
as being "Autoris manu passim aucta etnusquam
non emendata," a statement confirmed by the
learned Dr. Thomas Smith in his Life of Usshe?'.

Dr. Elrington has not given any index to this
work, although at least one of Subjects, and an-
other of Authors quoted, may be regarded as
indispensable. Neither has he supplied any in-
formation as to authors cited by Ussher from
MSS. which since his time have been published.
Thus (vol. vi. p. 275.), where Ussher cites the Irish
geographer Dicuil, who is said to have flourished
under the younger Theodosius, in the fifth cen-
tury, a note might have informed the reader that
nearly two centuries after Ussher's so writing, the
text of that old author had been published, and
subsequently made the subject of a diffuse com-
mentary. But for this, and all other pertinent

and requisite illustration, the student will search
in vain through Dr. Elrington's edition.

In the editions of 1639 and 1687, the Preface is
immediately followed by a copious Table of Con-
tents, entitled Conspectus Capitum totius Operis;
but in Dr. Elrington's this, divided into two por-
tions, is placed just after the 1639 title, and is
headed Contents of the Fifth Volume., and Con-
tents of the Sixth Volume, which is clearly awk-
ward and inappropriate. It would have been
sufficient to have stated that the fifth volume
contained the first thirteen chapters of the Bri-
tannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates, and that the
sixth contained the remainder of that work. The
distinct enumeration of the contents In the Con-
spectus Capitum was an Integral part of the ori-
ginal work, and should not have been so placed
and headed that it might be readily mistaken for
the editor's.

If It be objected that these are merely trivial
matters, I reply that It is only by such careful
examination that the accuracy of a reprint can
be estimated. The ostentatious parade of the
1639 title at the beginning of Dr. Elrington's two
volumes leads the reader to expect an exact re-
print of that edition, which, if he proceeds to col-
late, he finds he has not received. The latest
edition Is thus shown to fall short even of the
merit of a faithful reprint, which Is the utmost
that I thought It could have attained. Arterds.

Dublin.

KNIGHTS CREATED BY OLIVER CROMWELL.

(2°^ S. vii. 476. 518.)

Dr. Doran, quoting the substance of a passage
In his own book, Knights and their Days, says that
the Protector created one peer, Viscount Howard
of Morpeth, and ten baronets and knights, but
that he cannot lay his hand on a reference to the
authority which he found at the British Museum.
In a small 8vo. vol. in my possession, entitled The
Perfect Politician, or a Full View of the Life and
Actions {Military and Civil) of O. Cromwel, the
2nd edit., Lond. 1680 (the 1st edit, was In 12mo.,
1660), there is a catalogue given of all the honours
conferred by him during the time of his govern-
ment, comprising —

" His Privy Councill.

" The Members of the other House, alias House of
Lords (sixty-two in number, nine only being peers, viz.
the Earls of Warwick, Mulgrave, and "Manchester; Vis-
counts Say and Seal, Lisle, and Howard ; and the Lords
Wharton, Faulconbridge, and Evers).

" Commissioners of the Great Seal and their officers.

" Judges of both Benches.

" His Barons of the Exchequer.

" Sergeants at Law, called bj' him to the Bar.

"Viscounts. Charles Howard of Glisland in Cumber-
land, created Baron Glisland ; and Lord Viscount Howard
of Morpeth, the 20th of July, 1657.

32

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. JuM 9. '59.

" Baronets.

" Knights, when and where made."

The baronets are nine in number : —

"John Read, created in 1656.
John Cleypole,
Thomas Chamberlayn
Thomas Beaumont
John Twistleton,
Henry Ingoldsby,
Henry Wright,
Edmund Duneh,
Griffith Williams,

]

Vin 1658.

in 1657 and 1655.

The knights are twenty
6,7,8:-
"Sir Thomas Viner.

John Copleston.

John Reynolds.

Christopher Pack.

Thomas Pride.

John Barkstead.

Richard Combe.

John Dethiclc.

Greorge Fleetwood.

William Lockhart.

James Calthrop.

Robert Tichborn.

Lislebone Long.

James Whitlock.

Thomas Dickeson.

-nine, created 1653, 5,

' Sir Richard Stainer.
John Cleypole, Bart.
William Wheeler.
Edward Ward.
Thomas Andrews.
Thomas Foot.
Thomas Atkin.
John Huson.
James Drax.
Henry Pickering.
Philip Twisleton.
John Lenthal.
John Ireton.
Henry Jones."

" Sic transit gloria mundi," well concludes the
catalogue.

Sir Peter Coyett, mentioned by Ith0eiel, is not
in this printed list. L. H.

[^Belater-Adime will perceive that the name of Sir
Oliver Fleraming is not included in the above list of
Crom well's knights. — Ed,]

THE OBIGIN OF THE CUBVED FOBM OF THE OLD
DIVISIONS OF IiAKD.

■ (2"'» S. vii. 373.)

It seems to me not improbable that some light
may be thrown on this question by the following
extract from the treatise De Househondria (folio,
159 &.), belonging to the time of Edward II., and
contained in the Liber Horn, which forms part
of the archives at Guildhall.

From this it would appear, that it was the cus-
tom in those times to plough round and round the
long strips of land that constituted their parcels
or acres, gradually approaching the centre, and
not up and down, as at present. That there
would be a tendency to cut off corners is obvious,
and in lapse of time, by dint of gradual curtail-
ment, the parcel of land would be not unlikely, on
one side at least, to lose its angular form, and
assume a curvilinear one. I make the suggestion,
however,^ with diffidence, and hardly anticipate
that it will give any new information to your cor-
respondent G. A. C.

" Cumbien des Acres une oharne poet sustenir par an. —
" Ascune gents dient qe une charue ne poet mye sus-

tenir par an clxxxx acre?, ne clxxx acres ; e jeo vous
monstray, par deus resouns, qe cy poet. Bien savetz
vous, ke une acre de cotoure deit estre de xl perches de
lunge, e iiii perches de lee ; e la perche le Roy deit estre
de xvi pees e demy, e done ert lacre delxvi pees deleesse.
Ore, en arraunt, aletz xxxiii feetz entour, e princes le
reon de un pee de lee, adonc yert lacre arree ; mes aletz
xxxvi feetz entour, pur fere le reon plus estreit. E quant
lacre j-ert arree, a done estes alee Ixxii cotoures, ke sunt
vi liwes ; cestassavoir, ke xii cotoures font une liwe. E
mout serroit povere le cheval ou le boef ke ne poet aler
du matyn belement le pas treis liwes de voye de sun
rescet, e retourner a noune."

The reon here mentioned seems to include in its
breadth the furrow and its accompanying ridge.
The liwe is evidently the ancient leuca of 480
perches or 2640 yards ; the cotoure or culture
being 220 yards in length. Though probably not
required by the great majority of the readers of
" N. & Q ," the following translation, it is be-
lieved, will convey the meaning of the passage;—

" Some persons say that one plough cannot serve 190
acres each year, nor yet 180; and I will show you, by
two modes of proof, that it can. Be it well known to
3'ou, that one acre of plough-land ought to be 40 perches
long, and four perches in breadth ; the King's perch too
should be 16 feet and a half [long], and then the acre
will be 66 feet in breadth. Then, in ploughing, go 33
times round, and, taking the reon at one foot in breadth,
the acre will be ploughed ; but go [in this case] 36 times
round, so as to make the reon still more narrow. And
when the acre is ploughed, you will have gone 72 cul-
tures, or six leuca ; for be it known, that 12 cuUurce make
one luctB. And very poor must the horse or ox be, that
cannot easily go in the morning three leucw from its
home without stopping, and at noon-tide be on its re-
turn."

In farther elucidation of this subject, it may be
worth enquiry whether the word reon is not akin
to the old French adjective reond (from the Latin
rotundus) owing to its curvilinear form. Possibly,
however, the "word raditcsmaj have been its root.
Heitrt Thomas Bilet.

CLAPPING PBATEB-BOOKS ON GOOD FBIDAT.

(2"'i S. vii. 515. ; viii. 19.)

This custom must be a remnant of the Catholic
ceremony in Holy Week. It is not necessary to
go to Rome, or out of our own island, to witness
it. In every Catholic church where the ceremo-
nies of Holy Week can be properly carried out,
this will be found duly observed at the end of
Tenehrce, not only on Good Friday, but on Wed-
nesday and Maunday Thursday evenings also.
The triangular candlestick then used holds, not
thirteen candles only, but fifteen, which corre-
spond with the number of psalms in the office of
Matins and Lauds then recited. At the end of
each psalm one candle is extinguished, and at the
end the one at the top of the triangle is taken out
still lighted, and concealed behind the altar, while
the canticle Benedictus is said, followed by the

2»<i a Vm. July 9. '69.]

NOTES ABTD QUERIES.

33

f)salm Miserere, and the prayer Respice in a very
ow tone. At the conclusion of the prayer, the
officiatincr priest and the clergy in the choir alone
make a slight noise by clapping on their books or
desks. This is the signal for the light to be
brought forth from behind the altar, and replaced
on the top of the triangular candlestick. Originally
this clapping was done by the superior priest
only, as a signal for all to depart : but when the
attendance in the churches was more numerous,
the clergy in the choir joined, that the signal
.might be better heard. The rubrical direction
runs thus : " Finita oratione, fit fragor et strepitus
aliquantulum." The Church, however, attaches
a mystical meaning to all her ceremonies. The
office of these three evenings is called Tenehrce,
because at the end all the lights are extinguished
to express the darkness at our Saviour's cruci-
fixion ; and the noise made by beating the books
or desks, represents the earthquake, the rending
of the rocks, and the other signs which followed
the death of the world's Redeemer. F. C. H.

This is evidently an allusion to a part of the
ceremonies of the Catholics in the Holy Week.
For, in the rubric of the Tevebrce office we read,
after the prayer Respice, "Finita oratione fit
fragor et strepitus," etc. An explanation of
which is given by several writers, and particularly
by Francesco Cancellieri, in his Description of
the Ceremonies of Holy Week in the Pontifical
Chapel at Rome. Of that work the third edition
was published at Rome in 1802. He adopts as
most probable the opinion of Mazzinelli, that this
noise expresses the dreadful disturbance and con-
fusion of all nature which happened at the death
of our Lord. (^Descrizione^ etc., pp. 34, 35.)

Abteeus.
Dublin.

3K«pIte^ to ;^iit0r <lBMttiti,

Antonio de Dominis (2"* S. viii. 20.) — In the
" Notes on Books," at the above reference, occurs
the following sentence concerning this person-
age:—

" We must acknowledge how faithfully he discharged,
to the close of his life, those solemn obligations into
which he entered with the ministry of the Church of
England, upon the eve of bidding an eternal farewell to
our shores."

The reader would Infer from this that the " dis-
tinguished ecclesiastic " in question had remained
a member of the Church of England, not only to
the period of quitting our shores, but even to the
close of his life. Now, without any intention, or
desire, to raise discussion, or provoke controversy,
it is only fair and just to state the undeniable
facts, that before he left England, Antonio de Do-
minis mounted the pulpit, and in the face of a

large congregation, solemnly retracted whatever
he had written or preached against the Catholic
religion. This excited the displeasure of King
James I., and he was commanded to leave the

fountry in three days. He repaired to Rome,
egged pardon for his past conduct, retracted his
late opinions, and composed a treatise entitled
My Motives for Renouncing the Protestant Reli-
gion, a new edition of which was published ia
London, by Keating and Brown, In 1827.

F. C. H.
[Just before De Dominis quitted England, James I. de-
puted several bishops to wait upon him, who put to him the
following question: "What he thought of the religion
and Church of England, which for so many years he had
owned and obeyed, and what he would say of it in the
Roman court ? " To this query he gave in writing the
memorable answer, " I am resolved, even with the dan-
ger of my life, to profess before the Pope himself, that the
Church of England is a true and orthodox church of
Christ." " This," says Bishop Cosin, " he not only pro-
mised, but faithfully performed." (^Treatise against Tran-
substantiation, Works, vol. iv. p. 160., edit. 1851.) Few
persons were better acquainted with the uncomfortable
history of De Dominis than the learned Bishop of Dur-
ham, and here he has given his deliberate judgment on
this particular point. We also beg leave to submit to our
able correspondent, that there are other and equally
weighty reasons, besides those urged by Dr. Newland in
his recent Life of De Dominis, for concluding that the
archbishop died in the faith he professed whilst a minis-
ter of the Church of England; and none stronger, we
conceive, than the fact of the barbarous treatment to
which his remains were exposed in the Campo di Fiori,
according to the sentence of the Sacred Congregation.
If the Church of Rome cannot convict the unhappy arch-
bishop of final " apostacy," it then becomes impossible to
account for, much less extenuate, the cruel practices of
her agents on that memorable occasion. We can do no
more than refer our correspondent to the 4th vol. of our
1* Series (p. 295.) ; and also to a Relation sent from Rome
of the Processe, Sentence, and Execution done upon the Body,
Picture, and Bookes of Marcus jLntonius de Dominis,
Archbishop of Spalato, after his Death. Published by
Command. London, 1624, 4to., and reprinted in the first
collection of Lord Somers's Tracts, vol. iv. p. 575.]

Fresco in the Record- Room, Westminster Abbey
(2"* S. vli. 515.) — I have no doubt but that the
"white doe" described by M. C. H. is a royal badge,
and is probably a white hart, couchant under a
tree proper, gorged with a crown and chained, or,
which was one of the badges of Richard IT., who
rebuilt the neighbouring hall ; or it may be an
antelope gorged and chained, or, which was borne
as a badge by Henry V., and also by Henry VL
Your correspondent can easily perceive which of
these animals is Intended ; a hart would have
antlers, while an heraldic antelope would have its
horns serrated in an upward direction.

On the brass lectern In King's College Chapel,
Cambridge, is a figure of the founder, Henry VI.
He has at his feet an antelope couchant, chained
and gorged. I have also lately met with a figure
of the same king, painted on the wall of a Norfolk
church. He holds the sceptre and orb : at his

34

NOTES AND <iUEmES.

[2"« S. VIII. July 9. '59.

feet is a white antelope sejant, gorged and chained,
or. I am therefore inclined to think that the
antelope when found alone is the badge of
Henry VI.

I shall be glad to hear of examples of this (0
any other king, not a saint, being painted on the
walls of a church, as I believe such figures are of
rare occurrence. The parish where the example
I have quoted was found was held of the Duchy
of Lancaster, which accounts, I think, for this
Lancastrian prince being set up in the church ;
or it may have been placed there for devotional
purposes by some of those who were favourable
to his canonisation, which was not however ef-
fected, either through lack of testimony to his
piety, or through unwillingness on the part of
Henry VII. to pay the cost, the sum of which,
according to Fuller, amounted to " fifteen hun-
dred duckets of gold."

" Tantse molis erat Romanam condere sanctum."

G. W. W. M.

Who wrote Gil Bias ? (2"* S. v. 515.; vii. 525.)
— It is singular that neither of your correspon-
dents, Uneda nor Eric, refer to or appear to
know of an able article, " Who wrote Gil Bias?"
which is in Blackwood's Magazine^ No. 344. G.
Edinburgh.

Coffins (2"'» S. vii. 516.) — The coffin of Joseph
is exceptional as regards the Jews, who for forty
years carried it in their wanderings (Gen. 1. 26. ;
Exod.xiii.l9.; Josh.xxiv. 32.). The Hebrew ptX,
aron^ means not only a coffin, but any other chest,
as the ark of the covenant (Gen. 1. 26. ; Exod.
XXV. 14.). " A box or coffin for the dead wg,s
not used," says Jahn {Bib. Antiq. s. 205.), " ex-
cept in Babylon and Egypt." And not more than
one in ten, according to Belzoni, were buried in
coffins in Egypt {Egypt. Antiq. ii. 128. L. E. K.).
The wood thereof was Egyptian fig sycamore {Id.
ii. 129.). " The last covering for the body [in
addition to the coffin] was a sarcophagus of stone,
which, as it would cause an additional and heavy
expense, could only, we suppose, be used for kings
and wealthy people" {Id. ii. 133.). The sole
covering of the Jewish corpse was the oOouta,

grave-clothes ; "" •<", kefen, in Arabic (John

xix. 40.). The Babylonian Gemara on the
Mishna (Beracoth iii. 1.) speaks of the bones of
the dead removed from one place to another as
not being allowed to be carried in a sack or on
the back of an ass, to be sat upon, except in case
of apprehension from the Goim (gentiles) or bri-
gands {W^D7=\ricral). Compare 1 Kings xiii.
29. The corpse was to be conveyed on a {(rophs)
bier, or open chest (Luke vii. 14.), similar, pro-
bably, to those in use by the modern Egyptians,
as described and figured by Lane (ii. 290. 296.).

To the Egyptians may be ascribed originally our
embalmments, grave-clothes, coffins, and sarco-
phagi.

Sir Gardiner Wilkinson thinks our word coffin

is derived from the Arabic ^, kef en, grave-
clothes ; but this cannot be whilst we find in
French coffin, a round high basket, and coffre, a
chest; in Italian, cofano, a basket, chest, or trunk,
derived immediately from the Latin cophinus and
Greek K6(t>ivos, a basket of twigs. The art of
basket-making probably preceded in England •
and elsewhere the art of carpentry. The ancient
mode of preserving our writs was in a hamper, as
in the hanaper office of the Court of Chancery.
The English word basket and the thing itself were
borrowed by the Romans : — r

" Barbara de pictis veni bascauda Britannis :
Sed me jam mavult dicere Roma suam."

3Iartial, xiv. 99.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

Randolph Family (2°* S. viii. 12.) — To the in-
quiries of your correspondent J. S. M. after the
family of Randolph, the few following particulars
of the Norfolk branch may be of some assistance,
and which it is not improbable may, by a strict
investigation, be discovered to have been the
founders of that noble race.

From Blomefield we learn Rannulf was prior
of Norwich in 1160; and on the same authority
we find Ranulf was Dean of Thetford in 1175.
During the four succeeding centuries there are
numerous references to the livings and manors
possessed in the county by that family.

Thomas, who died about 1680, appears to have
been the last of the family in Norfolk : he was
possessed of the manors and lands in Pulham St.
Mary. Henry, his son, went to Ireland, where
he probably joined his relatives, and was there at
the time of his mother's death, Jan. 2, 1692.

Elizabeth, his daughter, married under the
Commonwealth ; and as the then existing forms
have not been noticed in your pages, the following
extract from the registers of the parish of St. Cle-
ment's Fye bridge, Norwich, is subjoined. Mar-
ried : —

" Henry Daveney and Elizabeth Randolph, both single,
in the Clttie of Norwich. Their contract being published
at the Market Cross in the Cittie aforesaid, and no objec-
tion made against the same, were married by Thos.
Toftes, Esq', the 15 of May, 1659.

" Testis — Johannes Scamber."

Another daughter married Sayer Sayer, from
whom descended the late celebrated antiquary.
Dr. Sayer of Norwich.

It has been observed, Elizabeth Randolph, the
mother, died while her son was in Ireland. In his
absence the grandson, Charles Daveney, took
charge of the funeral at Pulham ; the particulars

2nas.Vin. July9. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

35

of her interment remain in existence, and some
extracts, in which are included "sugar, rawles,
sack, and horse-meats," were published in the
Norfolk ArchoEology, vol. iv. p. 364.

H. D'AVENET.

The Arrows of Harrow (2"* S. viii. 17.)— With-
out condescending to comment upon the nonsen-
sical supposition of one of your querists, who
" hoped that it was no disregard to the letter h ! "
which induced the adoption of the crossed arrows,
or arrows in saltire as the heralds have it, as the
arms of the school, I am tempted to endeavour to
trace the origin of that device, and to submit
what are the facts in support, as far as may be, of
my theory.

Your correspondent E. L. tells us that he was
at Harrow long before Dr. Butler's day, and that
he has prize books, obtained by himself, stamped
with the crossed arrows. The theory, there-
fore, of your correspondent H. (2"'' S. vii. 463.),
that the practice was introduced by Dr. Butler,
falls to the ground. I can confirm this statement
of E. L. In 1788 an uncle of mine gained several
such prizes, all stamped with the arrows. In 1778,
an elder uncle of mine gained several similar
prizes, all stamped in a similar manner. Now my
impression is (and there may yet be living some
older Harrovians who are able to support this
theory), that, on the suppression of the archery
meetings in 1771, and the substitution of the
speeches, the arrows were adopted in allusion to
the abandoned custom. At the same time if
prize books were given for exercises contempo-
raneously with the practice of the archery (and
which is as old as the foundation of the school),
this heraldic bearing may be coeval with the
school itself. Query, then, are there any prize
books in existence, the bindings of which are so
stamped, and which can be shown to be of a date
anterior to 1771 ? C. E. Long.

Woodroof (2""* S. viii. 13.)— Is it worth while
to inform S. C. C, that if he contemplates indulg-
ing in that seductive beverage, Mai-trank, or
Mai-wein, he must take the youngest greenest
shoots of the woodroof when it first shoots up
under the shade of trees in the spring. I saw it
" advertised" in a window in the Hay Market last
week, but I should think that at this time the
Waldmeister is rather too old. At the same time,
the German plant seems to my unbotanical eye
somewhat difierent from our woodroof. Some
German botanist could settle the Query. „

G. H. K.

Woodroof is found wild in many parts of Eng-
land, and does not differ from that commonly used
in Germany to make the refreshing Mai-tranh, or
May-drink, so well known both in Germany and
Belgium. If it could be proved that the old
English name of woodrufTe, or woodroof, was

wood-reeve, this would be a literal translation of
its German name, Waldmeister, or master of the
wood : so called probably because, when it has
once taken possession of the soil in shady places,
it spreads to a great extent. Reeve, as your
readers doubtless know, is a word still in use,
particularly in Scotland ; where it is applied to
an overseer or bailiff. From the word reeve comes
sheriff, shire, reave.

In making the May-drink the leaves of black-
currants, balm, and peppermint, are sometimes
mixed in less proportions with the woodruffe.
A handful of the mixture is amply sufficient for a
quart of white Rhine wine, mixed to taste with
white sugar and water.

Many salutary plants are found among the
Rubiaceee, to which order woodruflFe, or Asperxda
odorata, belongs : Rubia tinctorium, or madder,
still in great repute in Germany as a cure for dis-
eases of the bones, and all the varieties of Cin-
chona, from which preparations of bark and
quinine are made, belong to this useful class of
plants. N. D.

Minstrels' Gallery in Cathedrals (2"* S. vii.
496.) — At the west end of the north aisle of
Winchester Cathedral is a gallery, filling up a
whole bay, under the arch, but not projecting into
the central part of the nave. It was built by
Wykeham, as it would seem, from his arms in the
spandrils and bosses. And it is now used as the
consistory court and record ofBce of the diocese.
Milner calls it a " tribune." It may be interest-
ing to R. J. K. to know that the gallery at Exeter
is not the only example in England.

B. B. Woodward.

Haverstocji Hill.

It dolPnot exactly answer the inquiry made
by R. J. K. to state, that the easternmost portion
of the cathedral-church of Lincoln has commonly
obtained the name of the Angel Choir, from the
spandrils of the triforium arches being adorned
with figures of angels, many of which are sound-
ing or playing musical instruments. But the re-
semblance of these figures to those described by
R. J. K. in the Minstrels^ Gallery in Exeter
Cathedral, suggests an idea that both may have
been originally dedicated to the same purpose.
The Angel Choir at Lincoln is supposed to have
been erected about 1282. There is in Worces-
ter Cathedral a contemporaneous work of similar
arrangement, but which has been lamentably
effaced by the iconoclasts of the seventeenth cen-
tury. The figures in Lincoln Cathedral are in a
state of nearly perfect preservation ; they are
thirty in number, all of very excellent workman-
ship, and some of them of great energy of position,
action, and expression. A full description of this
beautiful work of art, with engravings of the
thirty figures of angels, is given in the proceed-

36

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<» S. VIII. July 9. '59.

ings of the meeting of the Archaeological Institute,
■which was held at Lincoln in July, 1848.

PisHEY Thompson.
Stoke Newington.

British Anthropophagi (2""^ S. vii. 497.)— With-
out going back to the remote days of St. Jerome
to seek proof for his assertion, " che gli Scozzesi
vsauano in cibola carne dell' huomo nel suo
tempo," or in other words, that the Scots ate
human flesh either at home or "in Gallia" as they
could get it, reference may be made to the follow-
ing instance ; which, if the garrulous chronicler,
Lindsay of Pitscottie, can be believed, seems to
corroborate the fact that there existed in the na-
tion at least one reprobate character who indulged
in the practice, a thousand years after the saint
was sleeping in the dust.

" About 1440 (says he) thair was ane briggant tane
with his hail familie, quho hauntet ane place in Angus.
This mischievous man had an execrable faschion to tak
all young men, and children aither, he could steal away
quietlie, or tak away without knawledge, and eat thame,
and the younger thcj' war, esteemed them more tender
and delicious. For the quhilk caus and dampnable abuse,
he, with his wayff and bairnis, were all burnt, except ane
young wench of ane yeir old, wha was saifed and brought
to Dundie, quhair shoe was broucht up and fostered, and
quhan shoe cam to ane vomanes yeires, shoe was con-
demned and brunt quick for that cryme. It is said, that
when shoe was coming to the place of execution, thair
gathered ane hudge multitud of people and speciallie
of vomen cursing her, that shoe was so unhappie to com-
mitt so damnable deides. To whom she turned about
with an ireful countenance, saying, ' Quhairfoir chyd yea
me, so as if I had committed an vnworthie act. Give
me credence and trow me, if yea had experience of eating
men and vomenis flesch, yea would think it so delitious
that yea would nevir forbeare it agane.' So bot onj'
signe of repentance this vnhappie traitous died in the
sight of the people {Chronicles, i. 164., 8vo. Mlit. 1814).
This execution is said to have taken placeiifcfore the
old Town-house in the Seagate" {History of Dundee, by
James Thomson, p. 3G., 8vo., 1847.)

Are there any examples in ancient lore of John
Bull being classed among the Anthropophagi?

G.N.

[Anthropophagy is also noticed in the Historical Triads
of the Isle of Britain, xlix. and I. ; and, strange to add,
in connexion with a Northern British chieftain named
Aeddau, who traitorously allied himself with the ma-
rauding Saxons, and was defeated and slain by Rhyd-
derch in the battle of Arder3'dd in Scotland, circa a.d.
577. The name of Aeddau, the cannibal, also figures in
the Godolin. — Ed.]

The Rev. Meredith Townsend (2"'* S. vii. 375.) —
The Rev. Meredith Townsend, of Stoke Newing-
ton, near London, married May 10th, 1748, Mary
the 4th and youngest daughter of John Basnett,
Esq., of Matthew Green House at Oakingham,
Berks, and likewise of Dye House and Wellands,
in that parish. By this marriage there was one
son, the Rev. Josiah Townsend, and one daughter,
Mary, who married her cousin Sir William Bas-
nett, who lived at Bath. The Rev. M. Townsend

was born at Poole, in Dorsetshire, Aug. 16th, 1715 ;
and from 1742 to 1746 was an assistant at Bury
Street chapel in the city to the celebrated Dr.
Isaac Watts, and where he was highly esteemed
for his talents and piety (see Wilson's Dmewitn^g'
Church). He afterwards resided at Hull, but
finally settled at Stoke Newington early in the
spring of 1751, at which time he became pastor of
the Independent chapel there, and so continued
till the middle of 1789, when he quitted the
ministry, and went to preside with his son, the
Rev. Josiah Townsend, at Fairford in Gloucester-
shire ; but subsequently removed to Bath, to be
near his daughter, and there died, Dec. 13th, 1801,
beloved and respected by all who knew Lim.

He was buried in Weston churchyard, near
Bath, with this inscription : —

" The Rev. Meredith Townsend, late of Stoke New-
ington, Middlesex, died at Bath, the 13tb Dec. 1801.
Aged 86."

With respect to letters and documents left by
the deceased gentleman, I would advise S. W.
Rix to apply to Charles Basnett, Esq., 3. Brock
Street, Bath, who I have no doubt would give
every information respecting his relative.

Julia R. Bockett.

Bradnej', near Burghfield Bridge, Reading.

Catch-cope Bells (2°<> S. vii. 4G6.) — I am
obliged by the suggestion offered by the Rev.
J. Eastwood. The following extracts from the
churchwardens' accounts of S. Martin's, Leices-
ter, showing the number and size of these bells
belonging to that church, will, however, tend, I
think, to show that his supposition as to the
meaning of the word is not a correct one : —
"1549 and 1550. Itm. rec. of Willm. Tayllor .... in
ernest of the iij. catche coppe bells,
after xxv» a hundryth . . xij*
1550 and 1551. Itm. rec. of M' Lamb't (?) and M-- Herek
for the leyst Catche cope bell

xxvij' xj<'.
„ Itm. rec. of Willm. Tayllor and Willm.

Syngylton for tow of the same bells

iij" xj' viijd."

It thus appears there were three catch-cope
bells. The least bell, which produced 27s. llrf.,
would, at the price mentioned in the first ex-
tract, weigh rather more than one hundredweight.
Would not this weight be far too little for a bell
used for the purpose suggested by Mb. East-
wood ? Thos. North.

Leicester.

Winterly Thunder (2'"^ S. vii. 450.)— The Dutch
have a somewhat similar proverb to the one
quoted by R. E. B. They say, " Vroege donder,
late honger ;" which means, "Early thunder, late
hunger." The English proverb, however, is more
full, and still promises "rich man's food." Per-
haps, because the winter-thunderstorms, though
prejudicial to the most necessary things of life,

2n>» S. VIII. July 9. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

37

are deemed favourable to the vine. So, in Reve-
lation vi. 6., it is said :

" A measure of -wheat for a pennj^, and three measures
of barley for a penny [the labourer's daily wages], and
see thou hurt not the oil and the wine."

The poor will have a bare sufficiency of barley
and wheat, whilst the rich will see their luxuries
cheapened by an abundant growth.

J. H. VAN Lennep.

Zeyst.

" The Style is the Man himself" (2"<> S. vi. 308. ;
vii. 502.) — "Le style est I'homme meine" (Dis'
cours prononce a VAcudemie Franqais par M. De
Buffon, le Jour de sa Reception, 25 Aout, 1753.)
M. riourens, in his very handsome edition, with
learned and valuable notes, of Buffon's (Euvres
Completes, Paris, (12 vols, royal 8vo., 1853, &c.),
which is now esteemed the best edition, inserts
the following note to the phrase quoted above : —

" Mot c^lfebre, et chaque jour repete, ' Le Style est
I'homme m^me, et BufFon nous en donne la vraie raison ;
c'est que les autres choses sont hors de I'homme, et peuvent
lui etre enlevees."

There can be no doubt, therefore, that your
Philadelphia correspondent is right in vindicating
the accuracy of the phrase in the form now
quoted. J. Mac eat.

Oxford.

Old Prooerh (2"^ S. vii. 88.) —The answer (2»'>
S. vii. 183.) gives :

" If that j'ou will France win,
Then with Scotland first begin."

Hen. V. Act I. Sc. 2.
Compare farther Henry Chicheley's speech in
Hall, 2 Hen. V., pp. 50—54., with the Archb. of
Canterbury's in Shakspeare, Act I. Sc. 2. To
which Raufe, Erie of Westmerland, replies :

"... I thinke, yea and litle doubt, but Scotland shalhee
tamed before Fraunce shalie framed." — Hall, p. 54. (ed.
4to., 1809.

" No q'^ the Duke of Excester, uncle to the Kyng
(whiche war well learned and sent into Italy by his
father entendj-ng to have been a prieste) : ' He that will
Scotlande win, let hvm with Fraunce first begin.' " —
Hall, p. 55.

Shakspeare, no doubt, quoted from memory,

J. M. N.

^^ Perhaps it ivas right to dissemble your love" ^-c.
(2°* S.vii. 177.)— Mr. Fkebe says authoritatively
that, though / presume these lines to be Kem-
ble's, they certainly are not his. Notwithstanding
I submit that the entire probability is in favour of
Kemble's authorship. They are shown to be not
Bickerstaff's, and it is unlikely that Kemble would
have deliberately appropriated the composition of
another without acknowledgment. J'he Panel was
altered from Bickerstaff's play ; therefore what
was not in Bickerstaff's original must be put down
to Kemble. Hence the fair conclusion to be ar-

rived at is, that Kemble contributed these lines
to the " Asylum for Fugitive Pieces," and three
years afterwards introduced them into The Panel,
on the principle of a man's right to do what he
likes with his own. W. T. M.

Hong Kong, 5th May, 1859.

^ Old Bells (2°^ S. viii. 12.) — The bell in ques-
tion may or may not be old : the form is as ancient
as any, and such are called erotals, often found in
barrows. When linked together in the way which
had excited the admiration of Mk. Coombs, they
are called by country people jinglers, rattlers, ear-
bells, — being attached to the bridles of horses
universally in the days of narrow roads and pack-
saddles. I remember them in common use, but
now they are rare ; so much so as to be con-
sidered " curious." H. T. Ellacombe.

Botnbs (2"^ S. vii. 521.)— In Mr. Boys's paper
on the " Ballad of Sir Andrew Barton," he says,
" Bombs are said to have been invented in 1495."
In a little work alluded to by Abhba (2"^ S. vii.
517.), i. e. The Tablet of Memory, I find it stated
that bombs were not invented till 1588, by a man
at Venlo, and that they were first used by the
French in 1634, in which year they were fired
from mortars. T. C. Anderson,

H. M.'s 12th Reg. Bengal Army.

[We are aware that the date of this invention has been
disputed; and it is not clear that bombs were thrown
from mortars before the sixteenth century. But they are
said to have been first invented towards the close of the
fifteenth, as stated by Mk. Boys, and by Haydn in hia
Diet, of Dates. — Ed.]

Drowning as a Punishment for Women (2"^ S.
vii. 445.) — The following passage occurs in Lord
Coke's Third Institute, p. 58., from which it ap-
pears that the right of pit and gallows was alsa
known to the ancient law of England : —

"The judgment in all cases of felony is, that the per-
son attainted be hanged by the neck until he, or she, be
dead. But in ancient times in that case the man was
banged, and the woman was drowned, whereof we have
seen examples in the reign of Eichard I. And this is the
meaning of ancient franchises granted de furcd et fossa,
' of the gallows and the pit,' for the hanging upon the
one and drowning in the other ; but fossa is taken away,
and/ttrca remains,"

L.

Cockade (2"* S. vii. 522.)— Certainly I think
the servant of any non-commissioned officer or
private of any rifle or other volunteer corps, is
not entitled* to the decoration of a cockade. _ Of-
ficers of the regular army and embodied militia^
or when on retired pay, or halfpay, may place
the cockade in their servants' hats, but even these
should doff it, if they altogether retire from the
service. Still perhaps it is much a^ matter of
feeling, and should any one assume it, it is not
very likely that there may be any question about
it, or the pretension inquired into. H.

38

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'>'» S. VIII. July 9. '59.

Chandos Place, sometime the Abhot of Reading's,
and Chertsey House, London (2"^ S. vii. 516.) —
Among the Records of the Court of Augmenta-
tion, are the particulars for a grant to Sir Richard
Long, Knt., of the farm of a messuage called
" Redyng place," with other farms in the parish of
St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, London, late of
the Monastery of Redyng ; and it appears by the
description of the property, that Sir Richard
Long held Redyng Place, with the gardens and
stables, abutting south on Thames Street and east
on Addyng Strete (Addle Hill ?), and on the west
to my Lord Burghi's house : and William Doun-
ing held a messuage and wharf under a lease to
him from the Abbot and Convent of Reading ;
and Robert Hamond held two tenements and a
wharf, under a lease granted to him by King
Henry VIII. in the 30th year of his reign.

Redyng Place was, therefore, situate at the
south-west corner of Addle Hill, on the north side
of Upper Thames Street ; and the site is now oc-
cupied by " The Acorn" public-house and other
houses.

There are also the particulars for another grant,
to Sir Anthony Kingston, Knt., in the 37th Henry
VIII., of a messuage or tenement called " The
Chertesey House," in the parish of St. Peter,
near Paul's Wharf, London, late belonging to the
Monastery of Bustleham, or Bisham, Berks ; but
no farther description of the premises.

Chertsey House was, however, situate on the
east side of Baynard's Castle, and had been the
residence of the Abbots of Chertsey from a very
early period, but was granted by King Henry
VIII. to his monastery of Bustleham, or Bishani,
which he refounded in the 27th year of his reign
as a mitred abbey, but which was dissolved three
years afterwards.

Reading House, with the wharf belonging to it,
was on the west side of Baynard's Castle. So that
it is clear they were distinct residences.

I have not yet been able to ascertain whether
either of those houses was granted to Sir Richard
Long or Sir Anthony Kingston, in pursuance of
the particulars and surveys in the Augmentation
Office, nor to connect with either of them Lord
Chandos or Lord Sandes ; but I am inclined to
think that Stow is correct, and that Fleetwood
must have made a mistake between the two, as
he says he went to Chandos House, formerly the
abbot of Reading's, and that he went on to the
river to survey the house from the water, which
he might have done as to Chertsey House, which
was next the river, but not as to Reading Place,
which was on the north side of Thames Street.

Sir Richard Long was Gentleman of the Privy
Chamber to King Henry VIII. His son and
heir, Henry Long, of Shingay, Esq., who died
15 April, 1573, was buried at St. Peter and Paul's
wharf, and the inscription on his monument tells

us that his father. Sir Richard, was third son of
Sir Thomas Long, Knt., of (Wraxall) Wilts.
In the same inscription it is stated that Henry
Long married Dorothy, the daughter of Nicholas
Clarke, of Weston, Esqr., and Elizabeth Ramsey,
his wife, sole heir of Thomas Ramsey, of Hicham,
Esq., her father ; by whom he had issue one son
and three daughters, of whom only one daughter,
Elizabeth, survived her father and became his
sole heiress. Who did she marry ?

I find from Dugdale's Baronage that William
Lord Sandes married for his second wife, Cathe-
rine, daughter of Edward Lord Chandos. and
died 29th September, 1623. So that there was a
connexion between those two families.

Sir Anthony Kingston was, as I collect from
Mr. Lemon's Calendar of State Papers, one of the
gentlemen implicated in Wyatt's rebellion against
Queen Mary, who were pardoned and set at li-
berty in 1555 ; but in the following year he was
accused with a great many of the Western gentle-
men of a conspiracy to depose Queen Mary, and
for making the Lady Elizabeth Queen, and that
she should marry the Earl of Devonshire.

I shall be glad of any farther information re-
specting these monastic residences, and their
owners and occupiers after the Reformation.

Geo. R. Corneb.

Oah Bedsteads and Oak Furniture (2"* S. vii.
69. 114. 203.)— Your correspondent C. W. Bing-
ham mentions having ar, old oak chest with the
date 1676, which he terms " a dignified old age."
We have had, however, in our family, from time
immemorial, an oak chest, beautifully carved and
inlaid, bearing the following date : " 1665, A.G.,"
inclosed in a circle : consequently this can boast
of ati age " more dignified " still.

We have also in the family an oak chair, in
excellent preservation, with the date 1576, and
the initials M. T. and J. B. It is very plain, with
an upright back. Most of the old oak chairs I
have seen have leaning backs, and are much
carved. I should like to know if any of your
correspondents possess any oak furniture of an
older date ? H. E. Wilkinson.

Tutenag (2""* S. vii. 476. 519.) — Tintenaig,
Tutenag, is properly neither Portuguese nor Chi-
nese, but Indian, as its derivation shows : lite-
rally, a compound of two or three inferior metals :
as of tin or nickel, and of zinc or iron, or possibly
lead, also, — all with copper. It is loosely applied
to pinchbeck, &c.,* and strictly to laminated
metals. Nemo.

Lateen Sails (2°^ S. vii. 516.)— If you are thank-
ful for light, it is found in the East. Latteen in
that Archipelago means trilateral ; from Lat, a
line or side (latus), and teen, three. Nemo.

As an alloy of copper, tiinbach.

2°dS. VIII. JcLY 9.'59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

39

Blowing from Cannon (2"^ S. iv. 365. ; vii. 523.)
— Eric alludes to a case of some mutineers having
been blown from guns in 1764, and quotes a pas-
sage from Malcolm's Life of Lord Clive. He says
" that the sentence was that of a native court mar-
tial." Of course it was, as all natives have been
tried by native courts-martial until the great
mutiny of 1857, although they are presided over,
and generally led and ruled, by the superintending
officer, whose duty, however, is merely to tran-
scribe the evidence, and assist the native officers
with advice and counsel.

I think it is probable I shall be able to send
him and your readers some information in answer
to his Queries. T. C. Anderson,

H. M.'s 12 th Reg. Bengal Army.

8. Warwick Villas, Maida Hill, W.

Grave-diggers (2°'> S. vii. 475.) — The following
record of the decease and ready wit of a vetefan
grave- digger, from an old newspaper, may prove
of interest to Mb. Piesse and others : —

" Yesterday (March 31, 1758) died in Clerkenwell,
aged 90, Mr. Stevens, for 55 years grave-digger of that
parish. It is related of him that being asked once on
examination at one of the courts of Westminster Hall
who he was, he replied, ' I am grave-digger to the parish
of St. James's Clerkenwell, at your honour's service.' "

W. J. Pinks.

Vale of Red Horse (2"'> S. vii. 28. 485.)—

" Every Palm Sunday, the day on which the battle of
Touton was fought, a rough figure, called the Red Horse,
on the side of a hill in Warwickshire, is scoured out.
This is suggested to be done in commemoration of the
horse which the Earl of Warwick slew on that day, de-
termined to vanquish or die." — Roberts's York and Lan-
caster, vol. i. p. 429. (Note in the Last of the Barons
(Bulwer), p. 193. ed. 1853.)

Belateb-Adime.

Thurneisser and Turner (2°* S. vii. 468.) — •
However remarkable the apparent coincidence in
the name of the two great contemporary botanists,
who both published their works at Cologne, it
does not appear that any relationship or family
connexion existed between them. Thurneisser is
a common surname at Basle, and in other parts of
Switzerland. The Parisian bankers of the same
name were originally from that country. M. (1.)

Alleyne in Sussex (2°* S. vii. 513.) — It may
serve as a clue to this family in Sussex, if I men-
tion that, in the Visitation of Sussex, 1633-4, it is
stated that " Franc' Hooke, of Chichester, married
Secunda, da. of William Shortred, widow of
Richard Alleyne." Was Richard a brother of
Edward Alleyne ? N. H. R.

Balthasar Regis (2"^ S. vii. 358.) — Balthasar
Regis, B.D. of Dublin, was incorporated at Cam-
bridge, 1717, and was created D.D. at Cambridge,
as a member of Trinity College there, 1721.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

" The Brute Chronicles " (2»* S. ii. 128. ; vii.
526.) — After the reference made to me by Y. S.
M., I can do no less than inform your correspon-
dent, William Henry Hart, that there are two
copies of The French Prose Chronicles of England
called the Brute in the library of Trinity College,
Dublin, one of which (E. 2. 33.) ends at the year
1332, and has the introductory chapter, in verse,
though written in prose, just as in the copies in
the British Museum described by Sir Frederic
Madden (2"* S. i. 1.). The other (E. 5. 5.) is
imperfect, and concludes also at the year 1332.

'AXievs.

Dublin.

Halls of Greatford (2"* S. vii. 497.) — The
founder of the hall was a Fitzwilliam or Fitz-
williams of the elder branch of the earl's family.
The present representative of the family is said to
be E. C. L. Fitzwilliams, Esq., Barrister-at-Law,
of the Inner Temple, who resumed the ancient
family surname on the death of his father, the
late Benjamin Edward Hall, Esq., of Paddington,
Middlesex, about 1849 or 1850. P.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Popular Music of the Olden Time: a Collection of An-
cient Songs, Ballads, and Dance Tunes, illustrative of the
National Music of England. With Short Introductions to
the different Reigns, and Notices of the Airs from Writers
of the I6th and Yith Centuries; also a Short Account of
the Minstrels by W. Chappell, F.S.A. The whole of the
Airs harmonised by G. A. Macfarren. 2 Vols. 8vo.
(Cramer & Co.)

By the publication of the 16th Part of his most pains-
taking and instructive work, Mr. Chappell has brought
to a close his great labour of love. The two goodly oc-
tavos, of which The Popular Music of the Olden Time
now consists, form a work not less interesting to the lover
of music — for a larger collection of beautiful melodies
it would be difficult to find, though one should search
the wide world through — than to the student of social
progress and the professed antiquary. There is a vulgar
error — that the English, as a nation, are devoid of musical
taste. No charge can be more unfounded. We once
heard Pasta declare that she sang more good music in
England than in all the rest of Europe put together.
The result of the late Handel Festival is another evi-
dence of the existence of true musical feeling in the great
mass of the people : and Mr. Chappell's amusing volumes
afford in every page unquestionable evidence of the early
use of music in this country, of the fondness with which
its study was pursued, and of the great skill and success
with which it has long been practised among us. Nor is
Mr. Chappell's book without special value for its illustra-
tion of our early literature ; ballads, broadsides, chap-books,
in short, all classes of our popular literature, are quoted and
illustrated by Mr. Chappell — who, to make his book all
that can be wished, has crowned his work by that essen-
tial to completeness— a capital Index — we should rather
say two capital Indexes, for such there are : one of Bal-
lads, Songs, &c., the other of Miscellaneous Subjects. The
book is indeed one which the ladies will delight in for its
music, and graver readers for its curious learning.

40

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«i S. VIII. Jdly 9, '59.

The National Cyclopedia of Useful Knowledge. Vol. XIII.
Abaddon — Zwinglians. Supplement. (Routledge & Co.)

Those who have on their shelves the twelve volumes
of the National Cj'clopsedia, and know its usefulness, will
appreciate the value of this supplementary volume, which
comprises under a distinct alphabetical arrangement all
the accumulated new information of the past tenor twelve
years.

Christianity contrasted with Hindu Philosophy. An
Essay in Five Books, Sanskrit and English. With prac-
tical Suggestions tendered to the Missionary among the
Hindus. By James R. Ballantyne, LL.D. (Madden.)

This able Essay from the pen of the Professor of Moral
Philosophy and Principal of the Government College at
Benares, and which is in some measure a Prize Essay,
deserves the serious attention not only of the mission-
aries to whom it is more immediately addressed, but of
all who feel an interest in the great question of the evan-
gelisation of India.

JPoems. By Thomas Ashe. (Bell & Daldy.)

An unpretending little volume, in which the lover of

poetry will find ample evidence that the writer is imbued

with the true poetic feeling.

The Golden Rule; or, Stories Illustrative of the Ten Com-
mandments, by the Author of " A Trap to Catch a Sun-
beam," Sj-c. (Routledge & Co.)

A collection of stories illustrative of the Ten Com-
mandments, so told as to enforce that Golden Rule " of
doing unto others as we would they should do unto us."
They are alike amusing and instructive, and every way
worthy of Miss Planche.

Heroes of the Laboratory and the Workshop. By C. L.
Brightwell. Illustrated by John Absolon. (Routledge
& Co.)

A work undertaken in a Christian spirit, and executed
with good taste. We shall be greatly surprised if this
little volume does not prove eventually a favourite prize
book in all those schools in which our honest hard-handed
workmen are educated.

Books Receiyed. —

The Servants' Behaviour Book ; or. Hints on Manners
and Dress for Maid Servants in Small Households. By
Mrs. Motherly. (Bell & Daldy.)

Mrs. Motherly has done a good work in putting to-
gether these useful hints ; and her book is an admirable
one to place in the hands of a young girl when first going
out to service.

Tales from Bentley. Part I. (Bentley.)

This promises to be a very amusing collection. Bentley
has in its day given to the world some capital stories ;
and a selection of them can scarcely fail to be popular.

The History of the Great French Revolution. By M. A.
Thiers. With Illustrative Notes from the most Authentic
Sources. With upwards of Forty beautiful Engravings.
Parts I. and II. (Bentley.)

A new issue, in Sixpenny Parts, of a work which de-
rives additional interest just now from the comparison
which is forcing itself upon men's minds between the
France of 1792 and 1859.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Cbandler's Hymns of the Pbimitive Church. Complete edition.

•»♦ Iietters, staling particulars and lowest price, carriac/e free, to be
';initam^s%iis.BEi.i.Si Daldy, Publishers of " NOi'BS ANU
UUBRIES," 186. fleet Street .

Particulars of Piice,&c.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Mxnton's THEorootcAi. ■VVoBKs. Last vol. (sometimes bound in two,
called V. and VI.)

"Wanted by J. Hames, 18. Alexander Street, Westbourne Grove,
London, W.

Comic Times. Complete Bet.
DiooEXEs. Ditto.

Puppet Show. Ditto.
Illostrateo London News. Ditto.

Wanted by Maxwell 4- Co., 9. Bell Square, Finsbury, London .

Collier's Shakspeare Library. 2 Vols. Several copies.

Lady Hamilton's Secret History of Geo. IV. 2 Vols. Several

copies.
Toutel's Voyaoe to the GrtPH op Mexico.
Kahn's Travels in America. 3 Vols.
Knioht (,R. p.), the Worship of Priapcis. 4to.
Ben Jonson's Work*, by Gilford. 9 Vols. Boaijls preferred.
Trials for Adultery.. Vol. I.
Mante's History of tbk American War. 4to.
Shakspeare. Folio Reprint of 1st edition.

Wanted by C. J. Sheet, 10. King William Street, Strand, W. C.

Tbk Index to Volumb Seven ofmtr Second Series, will be issued with
our next week s number.

3. Phillott. How can we address a letter to this correspondent?

Ajmekwillno dovht receive all the information he desires respecting
the Genealogical and Historical Society, upon application to the Secre-
tary, Mr. Seeve, Jfo. 208. Piccadilly.

_ "Notes and Qoeribs" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (.inducting the Half-
yearly Index) is lis. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
famnir of Messrs. Beli. and Daldy, 186. Fleet Street, E.C.; to whom
all Communications for the Editor shoulil be addressed.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

gt Ptbiran of |nttr-Commanitati«tt

for

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTiaUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price 4id. unstamped ; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 183. — July 2nd.

NOTES :_The Vulture in Italy, by Sir G. C. Lewis _ Verategan's
"Restitution" — New Catalozue of Shakspeoriana — Gleanings from
Writers of the Seventeenth Century, lUuttrative of Proverbs,
Words, &c.,

Minor Notes ! — Squaring the Circle — Oxfordshire Proverb _ Bartho-
lomew Thomas Duhigg — King James's Army List -"Memoirs of
Gen. Thomas Holt " — Provincial Words : " Pishty," '• Cess-here."

QUERIES : —Abigail Hill, by H. D'Aveney— Zachary Boyd.

Minor Queries : — Rev. P. Rosenhagen : his literary Reputation —
Family of Watson, Yorkshire — Lambert : Geering — " Urban," as a
Christian Name — "Night, a Poem"— Kandolpli Fitz-Eustace —
Mrs. Jane Marshall — Publishing before the Invention of Printing —
Heraldic Query _ Ephraim Pratt — Tlielusson the Banker at Paris

— Robert Emmett's Rebellion in 181)3 — Cromer, Archbishop of Ar-
magh— Arms of John de Bohun— Antient Portrait, &c.

Minor Queries with Answers: — *' Horos Subsecivaj," by Lord Chan-
dos, 1620 — Woodroof — Edwards' " Paliemon and Arcyte " — Edward
Wright —"Odcombyan"— Edward Chandler, Bishop of Durham.

REPLIES : — Ghost Stories —Attack on the Sorbonne — Price of
Bibles.

Replies to Minor Queries : —"Signa " of Battel Abbey— Queen
Anne's Churches — Barrymore and the Du Barrys — Cromwell's
Children — The Cromwellian Edition of Gwillim's Heraldry— The
Arrows of Harrow — Vergubretus, &c. — Smoktrs —Guns, when first
used in India — " The Bells were rung Backwards " — Sale of Villeins

— Knights created by Oliver Cromwell — Soala Cell — " History of
Judas," &c.

Notes on Books, &c.

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : _

First Scries, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 6?. 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 37. 13». 6d. cloth ; and

General Index to First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

2''dS. VIII. Jolt 16. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

41

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 16. 1859.

N». 185. — CONTENTS.

NOTES - — Archbishop T.eishton's Works, 41 —faxton : Pinson, &c.
bv B H. Cowper.44— RobKerandtheFashionsof 17I9.45--1 robntion
Lists of vlercliant Taylors' School, by Rev. Charle< J. Robinson, M. A .
lb — Henry IV., hy Philip Phillipson, lb. — A Mus^'Ulman s \ lew of
iCneiand : A Fragment, 47 — Andrew Marvell's Letter to John Mil-
ton, by CI. Hopper, 76.

Minor Notes :_ Gat-toothed — Nomination of a Member of Parlia-
ment by a Bishop _ A Snuff box of the First Napoleon —Dutch GuQ-
founts for a Kins of England in 1413 — Kiding-coat : "Redingute —
Eliot Warburton,48.

QUERIES : — Elizabethan Poems in Sion College, 49.

Minor •.Iukkifs : — Meanin? rf "Cadewoldes" — Harpoys et Fysshe-
ponde " — Antiquities at Wrexham— Nostrad»mu8 — Miller's " Lec-
tures on the Greek Lancruage " — " Kem aeu tetisisti "-Irish Stamps

— Chaltertoh Manuscript — Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery _ James
Thomson — Ad. nborou^h— Birth and Death-years of British and
American Authors— The Pretender — Saclieverell, 49.

Minor Queries with A nswfrs : — Cardinal Howard, Sic — "To sleep
like a top " — Kev. Richurd l.ufkin —Coal, when first used in England
for Domestic Purposes — Elizabeth Woodville, S3.

REPLIES : — " The Style is the Man Himself," 54.

Repmbs to Minor QrnRiEs : — Fisures of King Henry VI. — Herbert
Knowles— Wife of Archbishop PuUiser — The Gulf-Stream and Cli-
mate of England _ Cromwell's Ciildren—Catnlogue of Shakspeariana

— Barnstapli-: Barum — Elizabeth Long _ Hill; Harley; Jennings

— Spicial Licences— John Jones- Aldrynton, &c.,55.

Notes on Books, &c.

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON's WORKS. "

Few men have been so loved and honoured by
all who knew them as the saintly Robert Leigh-
TON ! "And indeed our Author go lives in his
Works" (to use the e.xpression of Dr. Fall, his
first editor), that he still inspires a personal re-
gard, and fascinates alilce a Burnet and a Cole-
ridge.*

Dr. Fall declares : —

" The Author was the deh'ght and wonder of all that
knew him; his Thoughts were noble and hi.s Expressions
beautiful ; his Gesture and Pronunciation (peculiar to
himself) had a Gravit}', a Majesty, and yet a Sweetness
in them, that manj' severe judges have often said, were
bej'ond all that they had ever seen at home or abroad."
— Fref. to Eighteen Sermons. 1G92.

He is happy and thankful to be among the
number of those —

" Who do, and must own, to their great comfort, that
they find a Sweetness in this divine Author's Thoughts
and way of Writing, peculiar to him, which make these
Scriptures, thus treated by him, drop sweeter to their
Souls than Honey and the Honej"-comb. While they

* Coleridge's celebrated (one cannot say well-known)
work. Aids to Reflection, Lond. 1824, is for the most part a
Commentary on passages selected from Leighton's Works.
See also Coleridge's Notes 071 English Divines, Lond. 1853,
vol. ii. pp. 120 — 144. His Notes on Leighton commence
thus : —

"Surely if ever work not in the Sacred Canon might
suggest a belief of inspiration, — of something more than
human, — this it is. When Mr. Elw\-n made this asser-
tion I took it as the hyperbole of affection ; but now I
subscribe it seriously, and bless the hour that introduced
me to the knowledge of the evangelical, apostolical Abp.
Leighton. April, 1814.

"Next to the inspired Scriptures stands Leighton's
Commentary on the 1st Epistle of St. Peter."

Who was " Mr. Elwyn ? "

enlighten their Understanding, at the same time they
purify and rejoice their Hearts; while they make wise
the Simple, they convert their Soul." — Fref. to Com. on
St. Feter, 1st vol. 1st ed.

Dr. Miles writes to the same effect :

" There is a spirit in Archbishop Leighton I never met
with in any human writings; nor can I read many lines
in them without being moved." *

Bp. Burnet's admiration for him was un-
bounded ; he constantly speaks of him as " that
anjjelic man," or " that apostolical man Leigh-
ton ; " and records that he " was accounted a
saint from his youth up." I may extract part of
the portraiture Burnet has given in the Hist, of
His own Time : —

" He had great quickness of Parts, a lively Appreben-
sion, with a charming Vivacity of Thought and Expres-
sion. He had the greatest command of the purest Latin
that ever I knew in anj' man. He was a master both of
Greek and Hebrew, and of the whole compass of Theo-
logical learning, chiefly in the study of the Scriptures.
But that which excelled all the rest was that he was
possessed with the highest and noblest sen.se of Divine

things that I ever saw in any man Ihere was a

visible tendency in all he said to raise his own mind, and

those he conversed with, to serious reflection His

Thoughts were lively, oft out of the way and surprising,
yet just and genuine. And he had laid together in big
memory the greatest treasure of the best and wisest of all
the ancient Saj'ings of the Heathens as well as Christians,
that I have ever known any man master of; and housed
them in the aptest manner possible."

We may sum up all criticism on the works of
Abp. Leighton, with Mr. Pearson's remark, that
" There are not many theological writers in whose
volumes are more of ' the Seeds of Things.' "

The above passages may suffice to show that
Leighton's rare merit has been 4ipprecialed, and
that by not a few ; and yet, strange to say, there
is not (so far as I am aware) a really satisfactory
edition of his Works to be had. Abp. Leighton
has not been particularly happy in his editors
from first to last — from Dr. Fall to Mr. Pearson.
The only attempt at a careful editing of Leighton
that I am acquainted with, is to be found in the
second edition of the Eighteen Sermons. At the
same time, few writers stand more in need of a
careful and learned editor, — and that, because
none of his MSS. were intended for tlie press.
His diffidence was so great that throughout his
lifetime he steadily resisted the most urgent in-
treaties of his friends who importuned him to
publish. In fact —

" Some words that dropt from him occasionally, some
time before his death, against the publishing of his papers,
put those in whose hands they were, under no small diffi-

* Dr. Doddridge, in his Preface to Leighton's Exposi-
tory Works, Edinb. 1748, extracts this from a letter
written to him in April, 1740, by " The Rev. Dr. Henry
Miles, F.R.S. ; " whom he styles " A considerable philo-
sopher and eminent divine." Query, Who was this Dr.
Miles? [A dissenting minister at Tooting. See Gent's
Mag. for June, 1793, p. 497., for some account of him, —
Ed.J

42

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2'>'i S. VIII. July 16. '59.

cullies what to do with them ; till they maturely con-
sidered the difference there ought to be made between a
settled resolute purpose, and an humble answer to a ques-
tion put to him concerning them." — Epistle to the Header
prefixed to. the First Edition of the Sermons.

Of these MSS., some have been irrecoverably
lost, and the rest have been published at different
intervals, from 1692 to 1808.* It may be con-
venient to give here the title of the received and
standard edition of Leighton's complete works,
viz. Mr. Pearson's edition :

" The Whole Wokks of the Most Reverend Father in
God, Robert Leighton, D.D., Archbishop of Glasgow.
To which is prefixed A Life of the Author, By The Rev.
John Norman Pearson, M.A., of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. A New Edition. In Four Volumes. London :
Printed for James Duncan, Paternoster Row. mdcccxxv."

Mr. Pearson's bibliography of these Works is
meagre in the extreme so far as it goes, and that
is only as far as the year 1708, after which he
curtly remarks, " The later editions of his works
are sufficiently known." — Vol. i. p. clxxvii. He
does not even give any account of the editions of
his immediate predecessors, Jermentf and Mid-
dleton.J Moreover, Mr. Pearson gives us no
clue as to his own mode and plan of editing : as
to whether he simply reprinted Leighton's Works
as he found them, — and in that case, what edi-
tions he followed; or whether he attempted to
revise and correct them, and in that case, how
far.

Dr. Fall was the original editor of Leighton's
Works, and very carelessly he did his work. The
first of them which appeared was a volume of
Eighteen Sermons, London, 1692. 8vo. Dr. Fall's
Preface is an excellent one, and ought to be re-
printed in any 'careful edition of Leighton ; as
also his prefaces to the Comment on St. Peter,
Posthumous Tracts, &c., none of which Mr. Pear-
son gives.§

One of my chief objects in writing this note is
to direct attention to the second edition of these
sermons. It is thus entitled : —

" Eighteen Sermons Preached by the Most Reverend
Dr. Robert Leighton, formerly Archbishop of Glas-
gow. First Published in 1692. At the Desire of his
Friends, from his Papers written with liis own hand :
And now Reprinted : Wherein all obvious Errors of the
Press are amended : Some Notes added for the sake of
the common Reader : And an Account of his Life pre-

* The Lectures on the First Nine Cliapters of St. Mat-
thew's Goapel were first printed in Dr. Jerment's Edition
of the Works published in 1805—1808.

■j- Leighton's Whole Works, with Life, §t., hi/ Rev. Geo.
Jerment. Lo7id. 1820. 4 vols. 8vo. Jerment's first edition
was ill 5 vols. 8vo. 1805, 6, 8.

J Leighton's Works by Rev. Erasmus Middleton. I^ond.
1818. 4 vols.

I have never seen either of these works, but thej' seem
to have been completely superseded by Pearson's edition.
Middleton's first edition was in 4 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1805.

§ Some account of Dr. Fall is given by Mr. Pearson at
p. civ. The Editor of Rivington's edition calls him '' A
Scottish Divine and a Prebendary of York," — P. xvii.

fixed. With an Appendix at the end, containing Expli-
cations of the Disputed Points of Justification, Assurance,
&c. And an Index of the most material things. . . .
London : Printed for J. Rivington, in St. Paul's Church-
yard. M.D.cc.xLV." 8vo. pp. 347. numbered, and pp. 57.
unnumbered.

Though I call the above the second edition, it
would appear from Dr. Fall's preface to the 1st
vol. of the Comment on St. Peter, printed in 1693,
that the Sermons were reprinted either the same
year in which they first appeared, or the following
year ; —

" Thou mayest remember, in publishing some of this
Author's Discourses [i. e. the Sermons'] about t^vo years
ago, a promise was made, that if they happened to be well
received, more of them should see the light. The gene-
ral acceptance they have met with, and the necessity the
Sooksellers found to make a secotid edition (though, by the
Printer's oversight, very incorrect) are sufficient grounds
to oblige me to the making good that promise," &c.

The third edition of the Sermons, if I mistake
not, is thus entitled : —

" Abp. Leighton's Select Works, containing Eighteen
Sermons, Exposition on the Creed, Lord's Prayer, and
Ten Commandments, with Ten new Sermons, &c. Edin-
burgh. Printed for David Wilson, m.dccxlvi."

Dr. Doddridge, in the preface to the edition of
Leighton's Expository Works, published by D.
Wilson in two vols. 8vo., Edinburgh, 1748, speaks
of the third edition of the Sermons, as " that valu-
able edition of them published by Mr. Wilson at
Edinburgh two years ago, in comparison of which,
nevertheless, it is certain that neither of the for-
mer are to be named." By this it is evident that
Dr. Doddridge knew of only three editions of the
Sermons at the time he wrote. So I must make
a Query * with regard to the "second edition"
Dr. Fall speaks of, and meantime ignore it till
better informed.

Wilson's " valuable edition " of the Sermons I
have never seen, but have good reason for doubt-
ing that it equals, much less surpasses, that of
Rivington. This latter, which I call the second,
is indeed a valuable edition. In it we can see at
a glance both the text as it stood in the first edi-
tion, and the corrections which are necessary ;
obscure passages are explained, and quotations
verified in many excellent notes ; moreover, there
are useful prefaces, &c., and a very good index.
In fact, as a critical edition, it will be found indis-
pensable.

The editor of this edition (whoever he bef)
observes of the Sermons : —

"Ashe [Abp. Leighton] did not publish them in his
lifetime, so we may presume from the form he left them
that he had no thought of ever letting them see the light :

[* In a fly-leaf of the Commentary on St. Peter, 1701,
the Eighteen Sermons are advertised as having been
printed in 1691. The edition of 1692 would thus seem to
be the booksellers' reprint that Fall speaks of]

[t It is ascribed to Wm. Wogan, Esq., of Ealing,
the learned commentator upon the Proper Lessons of the
Church of England. See " N. & Q." 1'* S. xi. 245.]

2°'iS. Vlll. JuLvl6.'690

NOTES AND QUERIES.

43

it appears very plainly by the Composition, they never
had his linishing hand. Whatever inaccuracies or defects
were in the Original Copy, it is evident they have been
increased by the mistakes of the Transcriber or Printer :
The many obvious Errors of Words, and especially in the
Pointing, and even in dividing the Paragraphs, do mani-
festly prove this. But still the Substance, like pure gold,
loses nothing of its intrinsic value: so that, with all their
imperfections, a serious and attentive Reader cannot,
in its worst dress, but find many Beauties, and a rich
Treasure of Divine Knowledge. What gave the Editor
the first favourable opinion was the high regard which
two great and wise men *, now with God, always ex-
pressed for these Discourses. The very frequent perusal of
them since, and still discovering some new Beauties, and
(through Grace) some new Instruction and spiritual
Advantage, put him upon correcting the many literal
faults (of which a long list might be produced), and sup-
plying such defects and gaps as seemed to injure the
sense or break the connexion. But although the whole
will not appear with that advantage which the Author's
own hand would have given it ; yet as the Book is grown
so very scarce, and has always bore a high Character,
among all good men who had ever read it, especially as
it is chiefly levelled to oppose some unsound Doctrines
now reviving amongst us, it is hoped that the present
Edition will be received with no less Favour and Appro-
bation. The Preface to the First Edition will speak the
rest : To which are prefixed some Extracts from the Pre-
faces to his Grace's other Works." f

Subsequent editors, taking occasion from the
many errors of the first edition, have made some
unwarrantable changes, and have in some places
corrupted the text still farther. This may be
seen by comparing the text of the standard, or
Pearson edition, with Rivington's reprint of 1745 :

" The chief Mourners, the Precentors to take up the
Tune of these Threnes," Serm. vii. p. 123. Pearson has
themes, vol. iii. p. 177. " Disgregate," p. 23. ; Pn. dissi-
pate, p. 102. " Inordinacies," p. 32. ; Pn. corruptions, p.
109. " Ingrate," pp. 42. 69. ; Pn. ungrateful, pp. 115. 219.
"Moyling," p. 63.; Fn. turmoiling, p. 131. "Reduction,"
pp. 70. 289. ; Pn. restoration, pp. 137. 296. " Superfice,"
p. 124. ; Pn. surface, p.. 177, " Elogy," p. 155. ; Pn. eu-
logi/, p. 200. " Peculiar," p. 156. ; Pn. prerogative, p. 201.
" Persuasives," p. 165. ; Pn. motives, p. 206. " By-past,"
p. 186. ; Fn.past, p. 123. " Evil Tidings," p. 201. ; Pn.
evil things, p. 234. " Erabase," p. 215. ; Pn. debase, p. 244.
" Poor moment," t6. ; Pn. moment, p. 245. "Prejudicate
differencing," p. 225. ; Pn. prejudicial distinguishing, p.

251. "A verv lovely Song," p. 227. ; Pn. a fine song, p.

252. " Boggle\" p. 255. ; Pn. bog, p. 273. " Charactered,"
p. 259, ; Pn. characterized, p. 276. " Greatened," p, 291. ;
Pn. aggravated, p. 298.

" Xot only do they by the smell of his Garments, or such
imposed Rights, obtain the blessing." — Serm. VIII. p. 146.

In Pearson, the word Rights is altered to rites,
p. 193, — See an excellent Note on the passage in
Rivington's edition.

" He commands thee to roll thj'self on Him." — Serm.
XII. p, 218.

* « Sir R. Southwell and Sir F. Philips. The last of
whom often expressed his desire to see a new and more
correct edition."

t The few uncorrected errors I have observed in this
2nd edition are: p. 117. 1. 2. "casually" for causally; p.
156. 1.2." is " for are ; p. 179. 1. 34. « and a combination "
for and NOT a combination ; p. 204. " strait " for straight ;
p. 205. 1, 1. " to " for with.

This phrase, taken from the original in Ps.
xxxvii. 5., occurs before in the same Sermon, p.
209., and also in Serm. XXVI. ; Pn. p. 397. But
at the first reference it is altered in Pearson, to rely
on Him, p. 246.

" The most [Hearers] are presentany Mushroom Chris-
tiana ; soon ripe, soon rotten." — Serm. XIII. p. 227.

Is there such a word as " presentany ? " It is
altered in Pearson (p. 252.) to present, which does
not mend the matter much.

" Humility is an odoriferous Grace, it is a decoring
Grace, and adds a Kind of sweetness to all other Graces ;
yea it serves singularly as a Character [i. e. test or crite-
rion] for the trial of the truth of all other Graces. As
Balsam, which is the chief of precious ointments {Baal
Shemin), is the truest and best, which, put into any
liquor, goes to the bottom ; that but slight [i. e. of little
worth] which swims above. So," &c. — Serm. VIII. p. 137.

In Pearson, " decoring Grace " is changed into
gracing Grace ; "used to be tried " is inserted after
ointments (as perhaps is necessary) ; but '* Baal
Shemin" is omitted, pp. 186-7.

From the Sermon (XII.) on Psalm cxii. 7. I
give the following passage, brackets and all, as I
find it in Eivington, and then the same in Pear-
son : —

"This Blessedness ^is] unfolded [in this Psalm] as a
rich Landskip, so that we may view the well mixed
Colours, the Story and Tissure of it. [It is] the whole
Alphabet in Capital Letters : take all and set them toge-
ther, it is a most full and complete Blessedness; not a
Letter wanting to it

"The first words fof this Psalm are very remarkable;
the}' serve] as the Inscription [to the whole, u/z.] The
Blessednesses of Man : Then follow the particulars,"
&c., pp. 201-202.; cf. Note.

" The blessedness is unfolded, like a rich landscape,
that we may view the well mixed colours, the story and
tissue of it, through the whole alphabet in capital letters.
And take all and set them together, it is a most full and
complete blessedness, not a letter wanting to it

" The first words are the inscription, The blessedness of
that man, §-c. So the particulars follow," &c. — Pearson,
pp. 234-5.

In Sermon VI. pp. 99-100., compare the pas-
sage relating to Horace's Rich Miser with that in
Pn. p. 159. ; and again, with regard to Horace's
Just Man, the words, " And a Heathen could say
of a good man," p. 207. are not in Pn. p. 238.
In Sermon XII. p. 217., a passage from Lucan is
given, which in the first edition was erroneously*
ascribed to Horace. The error is corrected in the
2nd edition, but not In Pearson, p. 246. A little
farther on a similar error occurs, Caligula taking
the place of Adrian, Pn. p. 247. In Sermon X.
" Concordia discordia," an erratum of the 1st edi-
tion, is noted in the 2nd, p. 164., but repeated by
Pearson, p. 206. In Sermon II., p. 22., irapfyn<ria, is
omitted in the modern edition, Pn. p. 101. Com-
pare the following passage with that in Pearson : —

"Thus all these [conflicts] do but increase the Vic-
tories and Triumphs of Love, and make it move glorious.
As they tell us of [Hercules's Mistress :] her multiplying
labours to that Champion, [added to the number of his

44

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2»<i S. VIII. July 16. '59.

Atchievements; the case of Christ's Votaries is the
same:] They are not only Conquerors, but more than
Conquerors, by multiplied victories." — Serm. XVII. p. 277.

The editor observes in a note : " The words
above insertetl, or words to the same effect, ap-
peared necessary to perfect the sense." The above
passage stands in its original obscurity in Pearson.

It will suffice to compare one other passage : —

" Here is the best Elogy the Apostle will bestow upon
the best of natures, [that it is] Enmity against God.
Nay, all the sparkles of Virtue and Moral Goodness in
Civil Men, and Ancient Heathens, are no better. Besides
many other things to be said of the Virtues of those Phi-
losophers, their Ignorance of Christ, by Whom alone this
Enmity is removed, [was an essential Defect]." — Serm.
IX. pp. 1.55-6.

" Here is the best eulogy the Apostle will bestow upon
the best of natures. Enmity against God. Naj', all the
sparkles of virtue and moral goodness in civil men
and ancient heathens are no better ; besides many other
things to be said of the virtues of these philosophers, as,
ignorance of Christ, by whom alone this enmity is re-
moved."—Pn. p. 200.

Abp. Leighton, as Burnet tells us, " spent some
years in France, and spoke that language like one
born there;" and the editor of Rivington's edi-
tion has several Notes on the "Gallicisms" to be
found in the Eighteen Sermons. Thus, at p. 12.,
Trait is noted as a French word. Johnson, by
the way, declares it to be "scarce English" in his
time; and even though now completely natu-
ralised, I cannot find it in Richardson. Finesse
occurs in Serm. XIII., with a Note, p. 229.; and
Tissure in Serm. XII., p. 201.: but the modern
editions read Fineness and Tissue. See also a
Note on Diligences, Serm. XVIII. p. 281. I give
three examples with the Notes at length : —

" He never intended to banish Sin, but to retire it to his
innermost and best room." — Serm. I. p. 14.

" To retire it, &c.] The verb Retire, in an active sense,
is a Gallicism ; and the Author abounds with such French
Idioms, being a great master of that language ; and sig-
nifies to Harbour or Entertain, according to that French
Phrase, Retirer chacun chez soy, to harbour or receive one
into his house." — Note.

Retire, in its active sense, signifying to withdraw,
is again used by Leighton in Serm. XXXI. : —

" I will retire My favourable Presence from them." —
Pn. p. 435.

# But surely it was an established English, word
long before Leighton's time ; Shakspeare, Bacon,
and many others use it. Thus the latter says in
the Dedication of his Essays, dated 1597 : —

" I did ever hold there might bee as great a vanitie in
refyring and withdrawing men's conceites from the
worlde, as in obtruding them."

" The Wisdom from Above is pure ; this their Engage-
ment to Heaven for it, excludes vaunting and boasting."
— Serm. 1. p. 15,

" Their Engagement to Heaven for it.'] Another Gal-
licism, and means the conscious sense thej' have of their
being obliged or beholden to Heaven for it." — Note.

" If all our love must go to God, what remains for our

Neighbour? Indeed all [must] go upwards, and be all
placed on Him ; but from thence it is refunded and regu-
lated downwards to men, according to His Will." — Serm.
X. p. 182.

" Rfgulated."] Seems to be a coined word from the
French recule, which signifies derived or poured down." —
Note.

In the above passage, "refunded" is changed
into resounded by the modern editors. (Pearson,
p. 220.)

"Interpretative," in the sense of declared,
avowed, occurs in Serm. IX. p. 156.: "Practical,
and, (as they call it). Interpretative Enmity."

ElBIONNACH.

(To he concluded in our next.)

CAXTON ; PINSON, ETC.

Looking over some works in a library contain-
ing a good many specimens of early printing and
a few manuscripts, I have just met with the fol-
lowing, of which I think a Note may be made. A
small 4to. volume, in very old binding, contains
the following items : —

1. Octavo Idus Augusti fiat Servic. de tranS'
figuracione Jhesu Xpi. dni. nostri. This consists

of ten leaves printed in red and black, with a
figurative representation of God, &c. at the be-
ginning. It ends, " Caxton me fieri fecit."

2. Feslum dulcissimi nominis iesu fiat Septimo
idus Augusti, consists of twenty-four leaves,
printed in red and black. It ends, " Per m©
Ricardura Pinson." A blank page follows, and
the last page is occupied with the monogram of
"R. P."

3. Incipit Augustinus de virtute Psalmorum.
Ten folios. A device of Hercules with his club,
and a lion on a shield upon the last page. No
printer nor date.

4. Alberti Magni de virtutibus Animce. Thirty-
two leaves. Ends with a device of a fortified city.
Text is followed by "Inipressum Antwerpias per
me Gerardum leeu. Anno dni M°cccc°lxxxix'',
xiiij. die Mensis Marcij."

5. Johannis Nider, de Morali lep?'a. About
ninety leaves. At the end " Impressus per me
Johanem de Westfalia." No date nor place.

Perhaps some of these items may furnish sug-
gestions for a note or two from some of your
bibliographical correspondents, who may have
some information concerning these tracts which
I am not now able to give. I have no doubt that
a few hours in many similar almost unvisited
collections of books would be abundantly re-
warded. What I have myself already met with,
both in print and in MS., has very much inter-
ested me. I will mention, among such as now
occur to my memory, a volume of Treatises by
St. Augustine, in a nicely- written MS. of the
tenth century ; a similar volume of Origen's Ho-

2°* S.'.VIII. July 16. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

45

milies on Leviticus in Latin, followed by a re-
markable letter from one French bishop to another
against ordaining presbyters for money. A small
volume of the thirteenth century, containing a
long Poem on Alexander the Great in Latin hexa-
meters; a poem on a religious subject, attributed
to Ovidius Naso! sometliing about the Theodosian
Codex; a treatise relating to the Calendar; a
poem on a similar subject, and other matters.
A volume containing MS. lives of various saints
in English ; to each of them is prefixed a few
lines in rhyme. A small volume giving sundry
statutes relating to the Dean, Sfc. of Hereford,
given by Charles L, and other matters ; two
MSS. of the Latin Bible; a printed treatise in
a volume containing others, stating in the colo-
phon that the work was completed at Paris in
1423, which requires explanation. Two volumes
of the Grans Chroniques de France, with curious
illustrations. Book-covers which would gladden
the heart of our well-known friend in Abchurch
Lane, &c. &c. Lest, however, my Note should be
metamorphosed into a catalogue of the store to
which I have now had access, let me in conclusion
express a hope that we may some day secure, by
means of a parliamentary commission or private
enterprise, a catalogue of all the more remarkable
manuscripts and the most precious printed books
to be found in this country, — at least of all such
as are not personal property. We are here far
behind our French neighbours, but it is not too
late to mend. B. H. Cowpbr.

BOB KER AND THE FASHIONS OF 1719.

While the Times and Punch are inveighing
against the preposterous bulk of the fair sex of our
day, allow me to bring to the notice of your
readers a little book in my library, to show that
our forefathers in the reign of Geo. I. laboured
under a similar social visitation. Here it is : —

"A Short and True Discription of the Great Incum-
brances and Damages that City and Country is like to
sustain by Women's girded Tails, if it be not speedily
prevented. Together with Robert Ker's Dedication to
those that wear them.

" The Dedication of this Book
Calls for Ten Shillings from each Hoop.
Printed in the year 1719. "

Mr. Ker was a small prophet in his way, who
wrote divers tracts in prose and verse against the
Defections of the Times, — in religion, politics, and
manners, — which he seems to have hawked about
the streets of Edinburgh and Glasgow. His
denunciations against ordinary sinners, and the
traitors who consented to the Union, appear to
have fallen harmless ; but poor Ker ventured upon
dangerous ground when he attacked the girded
tails of the ladies : the incensed dames of Glas-
gow would not stand this, and working upon the

Nicol Jarvies of that day, the luckless reformer
was incarcerated in the Tolbooth by Provost
Aird, " for," as he says, " decrying against their
Women's Pride ; " and in another tract, A Missive
Letter and Petition to the magistrates for enlarge-
ment, he sharply rebukes the authorities for their
tame submission in sacrificing him to the malice
and vanity of their wives.

Ker's attack is in both prose and verse — " A
Short Discourse of Fashions of Apparel," in the
former; and "A Poem against Farthing-gales,"
in thejatter : —

" Oh ! how immodest a thing it is to see," says the in-
dignant moralist, " so many women with Girds at their
Tails, that men are put to a difficulty how to walk in the
streets, but are every day in great hazard of breaking
their shin-bones, and called ill-bred forbye. And more,
if a man were upon the greatest express that can be, if
he shall meet them in any strait stair or entry, you can-
not pass by them without being stopped and called im-
pertinent to boot; forbye many other confusions and
cumbrances that are made both in churches and coaches
and everywhere they come."

The author goes on to say, if these troublesome
steel tails are not laid aside, churches, doors, stair-
cases, carriages, &c. must be enlarged to admit
their monstrous girded fats. Mr. K.'s poetry is
below mediocrity. Following up his point, he
ungallantly couples it with a wholesale sneer at
the sex : —

" And let not men be over-trod,

With snares that lie now in our rod.

Women to men have been great snares,

As may be seen in former days."

Again, —

" Oh ! the great sums now that are ward
By many gentleman and laird,
And all upon our women's tails :
At last Death will bring down their saih."

But enough of this. Let me now say, in justice
to Ker, that he by no means confined his refor-
matory strictures to the softer sex. There lies
before me also —
' " A Glass, wherein Nobles, Priests, and People may see
the Lord's Controversies against Britain. By R. K.,
Fewer in Gilmertoun. Printed in the year 1719 " —

in which the shortcomings of all classes are over-
hauled in his peculiar fashion; but I fear the
moral force of his teaching was neutralised by the
following unhappy admission : " that bitter expe-
rience is the best teacher of fools, among which I
do esteem myself to be inferior to very lew " (!)

J. C/.

PROBATION LISTS OF MERCHANT TATLOBs' SCHOOL.

I have been recently engaged in examining the
Probation Lists of Merchant Taylors' School, and
I think that the results of my researches may be
interesting to your readers, while at the same

46

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>«» S. VIII. July 16. 'biK

time tbeir publication may assist me in identify-
ing the names and obtaining farther information
about those that bore them. In most cases the
date of the boy's birth is given in addition to that
of his admission into the school, but the earliest
registers are generally much more exact in this
particular than the later.

I give the names, with date of birth if contained
in the registei", and append a few notes of my
own, where I have been able to gain any inform-
ation relating to them : —

1. Neheiniah Eogers, born 1593.

(Afterwards Sl.A. and Fellow of Jesus Coll. Giim-
biidge. Preb. of Ely, 1G36. Deprived in 1643.
Died at Messing, 1660.)

2. Christopher") - - b. 1593.

3. Gerrard V Gore - b. 1694.

4. William J - - b. 1598.

(Sous of Gerard Gore, an eminent merchant, and
brother of Sir Joiui Gore, Lord Mayor of London,
22 James I.)

5. Sebastian White, b. 1591.

(Probably connected with Sir Thomas White, the
founder of the school.) .

6. Martin Pindar, b. 1594.

(A Sir Paul Pindar was born in 1566, and died 1650.
See Stow, b. 90.)

7. Thomas Ducket, b. 1594.

(Perhaps son of Sir Thos. Ducket.)

8. William Quarles, b. 1594 ; and John Quarles, b. 1596.

9. Nathaniel Munck, b. 1597.

(One of these names was patron of Little Birch in
Essex in 1608.)

10. Humphry Shalcross, b. 1595.

11. John Hoare, b. 1594.

(Probably uncle of Sir Richard Hoare.)

12. Humphry Offley, b. 1597.

13. Anthony | ^ _ • | b. 1597.

14. Cornelius j ^^'^^^ j b. 1599.

(Probably connected with Bishop Wren, who was
also at M. T. S.)

15. Gore Bond, b. 1596.

(Son of William Bond, an eminent mei'chant, and
cousin of Sir William Bond.)

16. Rowland Swinnerton, b. 1599.

(A name well known in civic annals.)

17. Peter Heylin, b. Nov. 1599.

(He appears to have been at Merchant Taylors' for
a few months only.)

18. John Evelyn, b. Aug. 11, 1601.

19. Eleazar Spead, b. 1601.

(Of the family of the Chronologist.)

20. Thomas Juxon, b. Dee. 21, 1601.
^ (Connected with the Archbishop.)

21. George Paulet, b. Feb. 14, 1603.

22. Roger Heyrick, b. May, 1608.

(Afterwards Fellow of All Souls', Oxford. He was son
of Sir William, and brother of Richard Heyrick,
the Presbyterian.)

23. William Kennet, b. 1589.

24. John Heyling, b. Feb. 7, 1600.

(Was he brother to Peter IL?)
25 William Chillingworth, b. Aug. 8, 1602,

(Was this the great divine? I am aware that, ac-
cording to Wood, he was born at Oxford in October
1602, and not as above, but Wood is not infallible.
The above W. C. left scliool in 1615. I should be
glad to identify him with his great namesake.)
26. William Seagar, b. April 24, 1604.
(Son of Sir William, Garter- King.)

27. James Gresham, b. 1599.

28. Matthew Delaune, b. July 6, 1603.

(Perhaps grandfather of Dr. William Delaune, Pre-
sident of St. John's, Oxford.)

29. Richard Mulcaster, b. Aug. 1602.

(A son of the eminent schoolmaster of that name.)

30. Nathaniel Ward. b. Jan. 2, 1605.

(Afterwards Prebendary of Lincoln, died 1668.)

31. John AUington, b. Mar. 27, 1607.

32. John Huit, b. Jan. 3, 1604.

(Afterwards of Pembroke Coll., Cambridge, D.D.,
adm. of Oxford, 1643. Executed witli Sir Chas.
Slingsbv for high treason on Tower Hill.)

33. John Jacob, b. Dec. 2. 1606.

(Perhaps Sir John Jacob, of Bromley.)
.-34. Dudley >phT<, -fb. June 10, 1610.

35. Chichester j ^°"'P^ " (b. Mar. 16, ICil.

36. Richard Ingoldsbv, b. Sept. 16, 1609.

37. Francis Walwyn,'b. 1616.

(Father of Dr. Will. Walwyn, the divine.)

38. Daniel Oxenbridge, b. June 17, 1614.

(Afterwards of Ch. Ch., Oxford.)

39. Benedict Honywood, b. Feb. 10, 1614.

(He was fourteenth child of Robt. Honywood and
Alice Barnham.)

40. William Wollaston, b. 1618.

41. Thomas Atterbuiy. (No date given.)

42. Tristram Conyers, b. 1619.

(Afterwards Serjeant-at-Law. Of an eminent fa-
mily seated at Walthamstow. Essex.)

43. William Conyers, b. Mar. 8, 1622.
(Afterwards of St. John's, M.D., brother of above.)

44. Thomas Kenn, b. Sept. 24, 1621,

45. John St. Lowe. (No date.)

46. John Redmayne, b. Nov. 1625.

47. Edward Ouzley.

(No date of birth given. Admitted into the school
1638.)

48. Francis Conyers.

(Admitted at the same time.)

49. Edmund Canninge, b. 1630.

(A member of the eminent merchant-family of that
name.)

50. Charles Coquaine, b. 1638.
(Was this Alderman Cockaine?)

51. Stephen Bradshaw, b. 1635.

52. Edmund Lenthall, b. 1633.

53. Francis Lenthall, b. 1634.

(Curiously enough, these three names follow one-
another in the Probation List. Dr. Good, the
Head Master from 1644. was suspended in 1649 by
Bradshaw for printing Salmasius Defensio Regia.)

54. Richard Pepys, b. 1636.

55. Richard Pep\'s, b. 1643.

(Qic. B..\. of Pembroke, Cambridge, 1662.)
66. Richard Pepys, b. 1721.

I should add that none of the foregoing names
are given in any history of the school. I shall be
glad to "ventilate" a few more at your conveni-
ence. Charles J. Robinson, M.A.

28. Gordon Street.

HENRY IV.

There are many sayings and doings fathered
upon certain persons, of which they are either
totally innocent, or the fact has been misrepre-
sented. From being, however, so often repeated
with assurance, and no trouble having been

2»«S.VIII. JULTie. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

47

taken to ascertain with what degree of truth, and
upon what authority the assertion was in the first
instance made, they have been generally received
as bond fide productions of the individual to whom
they are ascribed. Of this description the words
attributed to Henry IV. of France, "La cou-
ronne vaut bien une messe," is a case in point.

It is current!/ repeated that the king made the
above reply in reference to his reconciliation with
the Church.

The impression which would naturally be made
upon the mind of anyone reading for the first
time these words would be, that the king had ut-
tered them lightly, and with the intention of
insinuating that his conversion to Catholicity had
been more the effect of policy than conviction.

Surely this would not have been a very wise
course, or one which so politic a monarch as
Henry would, under the existing state of circum-
stances, have been likely to have pursued ; nor is
there any reason, from the king's subsequent con-
duct, to suppose that his reconciliation with the
Church was not sincere.

In the Caqxiets de V Accouchee another version of
the story is given, and which would appear to be
the correct one : —

" Je vous s^ay bon gre, dit la maistresse des requestes,
de parler ainsi h, coeur ouvert ; car il est vray, la hare
sent toujours le fagot, et, comme disoit un jour le Due de
Eosny au feu roy Henry le Grand, que Dieu absolve, lors-
qu'il luy demandoit pourquoy il n'alloit pas ^ la messe
bien que lui : Sire, Sire, la couronne vaut bien une messe ;
aussi une esp^e de connestable donne ti un vieil routier de
guerre merite bien de desguiser pour un temps sa con-
science et de feindre d'estre grand catholique."

Here the reply is applicable, and coming from
the mouth of de Rosny is probable, and much
more reasonable than had it been uttered by the
king himself.

The Caquets de T Accouchee was first printed in
1622. Henry was reconciled to the Church in
1593 : therefore, allowing the longest possible
period, this relation is made within 29 years after
the words could possibly have been spoken.

What I wish to know is, whether any earlier
authority for the usually-received version of the
story is known ; and if not, by whom, and at what
date, was it first put into circulation?

Philip Phillipson.

A MUSSULMAN S VIEW OF ENGLAND : A FRAGMENT.

Among the most amusing, and, if read aright,
sometimes not the least instructive literary pro-
ductions are foreigners' opinions of the manners and
customs of our noble selves. While in them we
frequently find plenty to gratify our self-love, our
foibles and weaknesses are often laid bare before
us with vigour and truth. A curious fragment of
this nature now lies before me, which has all the

appearance of genuineness, and would seem to be
the production of a true believer, who, I take it,
was about to proceed to Persia in the train of Sir
Gore Ouseley, who had been appointed ambassa-
dor to the Persian court in March, 1810. I am,
however, unable to give more of the history of
this MS. than that it was picked up in some street
by a member of our family. The orthography
and punctuation are copied exactly : —

" Coat, Every thing Very good — Sir Gore he

tell me King Charles and King James, I say Sir Gore
they not Muzzle Men but I think God Loves them Very
much, I think God he Loves the King Very well for
keeping up that Charity there I see one small Regment
of Children f o to Dinner, one small Boj' he say thanks to
God for Eat for Drink for Clothes, other Little Boys they
all saj' Amen ; then I Cry a Little, my heart to much
Pleased, this all Very good for two things — one thing
God very much please, tAvo things Soldiers fite much bet-
ter, because see their good King take Care of old wounded
fathers and Little Children, Then I go to Greenwich that
two Very good place Such a fine Sight make me a Little
Sick for Joy all old men so happy, Eat Dinner so well
fine House fine beds, all Ver}' good, This Very good
Country English Ladies Very Handsome Very beautifull
I Travel great Deal I go Arabia ; I go Calcutta, — Hi-
derabad, Ponali Bomba}- Georgeia Areminia, Constanti-
nople Gibralter, I See best Georgian Circassion Turkish ;
Grick ladies, but Nothing not so Beautifull as English
Ladies all Verj' Clever Speak French Speak English Speak
Italian play Music very well, sing very. good, very glad
for me if Persian Ladies Like them, but English Ladies
Speak such sweet Words, I think tell a Little Stor3% that
not A'ery good, one thing more I see but I not understand
that thing good or bad. Last Thursday I see some fine
Carriges fine Horses Thousand people's go to look that
Carrige I ask why for. They say me Gentlemen on Boxes
they Drive their own Carriges, I say why for, take so
much Trouble, they say me he Drive Very well, that
Very good thing, it Rain'd Very hard, some Lord some
Gentleman, he got Very Wet, I say why he not go inside,
they tell me, good Coachmen not mind get wet Every
Day, will be much ashamed if go inside, that I not un-
derstand —

" Sir my Lord good night

" Aboo A L Hassan

« 9 Mansfield Street,

«' May 19«h 1810."
« Tee-Bek.

ANDREW MARVELLS LETTER TO JOHN MILTON.

In the year 1654 Milton forwarded to Cromwell
a copy oih.\s Second Defence by the bearer, Andrew
Marvell, together with a letter, the subject of
which does not transpire. The attention of the
Protector was so taken up with a despatch for-
warded by the same messenger, that while the
latter was present he neglected to open it. In
the subjoined epistle from Marvell to the poet we
have a detailed account of the interview. A
former letter from Milton to Cromwell is alluded
to, as it would seem, recommending Marvell to
some employment, and probably similar to that
written to Bradshaw, preserved among the State
Papers. This letter of Marvell's has been pub-

48

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd g. Yiii. jpLY 16. '69.

lished in Dove's Life of Andrew Marvell, but in
such a mutilated form, that I am induced to re-
print it from an attested copy of the original : the
words in Italics being the omitted paragraphs or
other alterations. It would seem that not only
the Protector, but the writer, and Mr. Oxenbridge
also, had presentation copies of the book referred
to. This Mr. John Oxenbridge was born in Da-
ventry, co. Northampton, Jan. 30, 1608; was
pastor of a church at Beverley in Yorkshire, in
1664 ; went to South America, and, eventually,
in 1669, to New England, where he became pas-
tor of a church in Boston, and died there in 1674.

" Honoured Sir, — I did not satisfie my self in the
account I gave you of presentinge your Book to my Lord,
although it seemed to me that I "writ to you all which
the messenger's speedy returne the same night from
Eaton would permit me ; and I perceive that, by reason
of that hast, I did not give you satisfaction neither con-
cerninge the delivery of your letter at the same time.
Be pleased therefore to pardon me, and know that I ten-
dered them both together. But my Lord read not the
letter while I was with him, which I attributed to our
despatch, and some other businesse tendinge thereto,
which I therefore wished ill to so farr as it hindred an
affaire much better and of greater importance, I mean
that of reading your letter. And to tell you truly mine
own imagination, I thought that he would not open it
while I was there, because he might suspect that I, de-
livering it just upon my departure, might have brought
in it some second proposition like to that which you had
before made to him by your letter to my advantage.
However, I assure myself that he has since read it, and
you, that he did then witnesse all respecte to your person, and
as much satisfaction concerninge your work as could be ex-
pected from so cursory a review and so sudden an account
as he could then have of it from me, Mr. Oxenbridge, at
his returne from London, will I know give you thanks for
his book as I do with all acknowledgement and humility
for that you have sent me. I shall now studie it even to
the getting of it by heart: esteeming it, according to my
poore judgment (which yet I wish it were so right in all
things else) as the most compendious scale for so much to the
height of the Roman Eloquence, when I consider how
equall}' it turnes and rises with so many figures it seems
to me a Trajan's columne, in whose winding ascent we
see imboss'd the severall monuments of your learned vi^
toryes. And Salmatius and Morus make up as great^
triumph as that of Decebalus, whom too, for ought I
know, you shall have forced, as Trajan the other, to
make themselves away out of a just desperation. I have
an affectionate curiosity to know what becomes of Colonell
Overton's businesse. And am exceeding glad that Mr.
Skj-nner is got near you, the happinesse which I at the
same time congratulate to him, and envie there being
none who doth, if I may so say, more jealously honour
you then,

" Honoured Sir,

" Your most afifectionate humble servant,
" Andrew Marvell.
" Eaton, June 2nd,

« 1654.
(Addressed) " For my most honoured freind,

John Milton, Esquire, Secretarye
for the Forrain aifaires,
at his house in Petty France,

Westminster."

Cl. Hopper.

Minax flattio

Gat-toothed. — Have you had the following,
which I think will help us to understand the
expression gat-toothed ?

" I pray you do not tell it unto my maister, and I will
never call you hard-favoured, wrinkled, neither tooth-
gaper." — Hollyband's Frenche Littleton, 1566.

It may be gate -toothed, as wide apart as the
bars of a gate ; or gap-toothed, teeth with wide
gaps between them, an unlovely thing, producing
an expression of coarseness. G. H. K.

Nomination of a Memher of Parliament hy a
Bishop. — The following are extracts from the
proceedings of the corporation of Wells on the
occasion of the death of King James I. and the
accession of King Charles I., when a new parlia-
ment was summoned.

\st April, 1625 (meeting of the corporation) : —

" This day it was agreed by the Company abouesaid
that forasmuch as it was certainly informed of the death
of o'r late souraigne Lord Kinge James, who dved on
Sunday last. That therfore the Company do appoint to
meet at the pallace by the desyre of m)' Lord Buishoppe
that now is, to take such further direction as shalbe then
considered of."

The corporate body, no doubt, went to the
palace according to appointment, and then comes
the following entry, under date 6th April, 1625 : —

"This day was pclaimed the pclamacon, that the
high and mighty Prince Charles is now, by the death of
o'r late Souraigne of happie memorie, become o'r lawfull
lyneall and rightful! liege Lorde Charles by the Grace of
God Kinge of Great Britaine, France, and Irelande, de-
fender of the Faith, &c."

The writ for electing members for the city was
received from Thomas Windham, the sheriff, on
the 11th April, and a meeting of the corporation
immediately convened ; the following notice of it
is recorded : —

" Those that are pposed vnto this house for Burgesses
of the pliament for this Cittie : —

S-^ Edw. Eodney. ( M' Pawlett.

S"- Tho. Lake. | M' Henry Southworth.

" It is agreed that the Mayor, w"> two or three of the
rest of his brethren, shall goe vnto my Lord Bpp, and
certifie that it is concented that his Lo'pp shall com-
raende one discrete and sufficeent worthj' Burges to s've
in the next P'liament, w'ch man soe by him tobenolated,
the Company here p'sent will make election of, soe that he
come and take his oath of a Burges for the observacoa of
the Lib'tie of this Cittie."

The election took place on the 22nd April, 1625,
when Sir Edward Rodney and Sir Thomas Lake
were elected, the latter being the bishop's (Dr.
Arthur Lake) brother and nominee. Ina.

Wells, Somerset.

A Snuff-hox of the First Napoleon. — Perhaps
the following may be found worthy of a " nook "
in " N. & Q." A young friend of mine, Barry

2»<i S. VIII. JirtY 16. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

49

O'Mara Deane (if alive now, the Rev. B. O'M.
Deane), who was connected with the literary
department of a daily paper in Dublin, used to
show me and his friends a snuff-box that belonged
to the first Emperor Napoleon. Mr. Deane had
the box left him by his uncle, the late Barry
O'Mara, who was surgeon to the emperor at
Saint Helena ; the box having been given to that
gentleman (along with many other things) by the
emperor. It was a silver box of rather more
than an ordinary sized snuff-box, with a crown
and the letter " N " on the lid, and was the last
box used by the emperor. It will be remem-
bered that Surgeon O'Mara was the author of a
work called A Voice from Saint Helena. He
made special bequest of this box to his nephew,
who after some time relinquished literary pur-
suits and entered the Church. He married a
Swiss lady, and went to reside in Switzerland,
but I have not heard of him for a dozen years or
more. Would it not be interesting to "note"
things of this description, so as to prove their
identity, beyond dispute, in time to come ?

S. Kedmond.
Liverpool.

Dutch Gun-founts for a King of England in
1413. — ;The Archives of the Realm at the Hague
contain, amongst other interesting documents, the
Grafelijke Rekeninge (^Accounts regarding the
County) of August 23, 1413—1414. In these
Accounts we read under the head Bodeloonen
{Messenger's Fees), p. 99. : —

" Item, the 26th day in augusto 1413, sent with letters
to Utrecht to Gerrit van Vruethen, the gunmaster (busse-
meester), ordering him to betake himself without delay
to the Hague, as the King of England had directed his
messenger to that place, commanding him to found, with
this Gerrit af Oresanty, all kinds of blunderbusses {don-
rebussen) for the King's behoof." — See Tijdschrift voor
Geschiedenis, Oudheden en Slatistiek van Utrecht (Utrecht,
N. van der Monde, 1839), vol. v. Part II. p. 433.

J. H. VAN Lennep.
Zeyst, June 4. 1859.

Biding - coat : '■^ Redingote." — I find in the fa-
mous Journal de Burbier, the time fixed when the
article and the word "Redingote" were intro-
duced into France. Barbier is speaking of the
Due de Gesvres. This nobleman had endeavoured
to enlighten the young King (Louis XV.) on the
misery into which the French people were rapidly
sinking. The minister, the Due de Bourbon,
angry at this interference, sent to M. de Gesvres
(without the knowledge of the King) a lettre de
cachet, ordering him into exile. The banished
Duke pretended to obey : —

" But," sa3-3 Barbier, " he put on a Redingote (a costume
which comes to us from the English, and which is now
commonly worn here, in cold or rainy weather, and par-
ticularly for riding in on horseback). He ascended to
the King's chamber, to take leave ; threw himself at the
King's feet, and expressed his great sorrow at having

given his Majesty offence. . . . The King, who did not
expect to see him at court in such a dress, and astonished
too at the speech, broke out into a mad fit of laughter
made fun of the Duke, and then bade him go and dress
properly, and return to court."

The date of this entry in Barbier's remarkable
Journal is September, 1725. J. Doean.

Eliot Warhurton. — The real name, as I am
informed, of this celebrated and lamented author
was Bartholomew Elliott Warburton. He dropped
the first name, and altered the second. Y. S. M.

«aucrtcjS.

ELIZABETHAN POEMS IN SIGN COLLEGE.

I want to know who was the author of some
poems of Queen Elizabeth's time, of which there
is a contemporary MS. copy in the Sion Colleo'e
Library. The volume contains —

1. Venus and Anchises.

" Thissil poore ladd whose muse yet scarcely fledged,
Soft!}', for feare, did learn to sing and pipe,
And sitting low under some court hedge.
With chirping noyse gauue tune his noates unripe,
Sighing those sighs which sore his hart did gripe,
Where lovelie Came doeth lose his erring mayd,
While with his barkes the wanton waters playe,
Which still do stay behind, yet still do slippe awaye,"
&c.

2. Epithalamium.

" Hark gentle shephearde that on Norwiche plaines
In daintie verses sing your loves desiring," &c,

3. Non invisa cano.

" Dumbe swannes not chattering pyes do lovers prove,
They love indeed who dare not say they love," &c.

4. Fishing Eclogues.

5. Thelgon and Chromis.

" Th. Chromis, my joye, why drop thy rajmie ej'es.
And sullen clouds flagge on thy leaden browe,"
&c.

6. Thomasin and Thersill.

7. Algon, Daphnis and Nicaea.

J. C. J.

Meaning of " Cadewoldes." — Toll was taken,
temp. Edward I., for cadewoldes brought over
London Bridge. I am somewhat inclined to think
that a kind of prepared wool is meant : perhaps
some of your correspondents would kindly favour
me with their opinion on the subject.

Henry Thomas Riley.

" Harpoys et Fyssheponde." — Custom was levied
at Billingsgate, temp. Henry III, upon certain
articles so called. It seems to me not improbable
that the fish-hooks and nets with which a fishing-
vessel was equipped are meant ; but as this sola-

50

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''<> S. VIII. JcLY 16. '59.

tion is at best but very doubtful, any assistance
rendered me on this point would be thankfully
received. Henry Thomas Kiley.

Antiquities at Wrexham. — Are any of your cor-
respondents aware of the existence of a curious
stone, in an ordinary stone wall at Wrexham,
Denbighshire, bearing the date 665 ? Some have
supposed it to be 1665 ; but I think a closer in-
spection would remove this supposition. Also, I
should like to know something more of a square
ornament over a doorway in the same town. Two
grotesque figures are carved upon it, and the
words Ptolemy and Euclid may be discerned be-
neath them. The whole is surrounded by a cable
moulding. An Enquirer.

Nostradamus. — In De Vigny's novel of Cinq
Mars, mention is made of the following prophecy
of Nostradamus : —

" Quand bonnet rouge passera par la feiietre,
A^ Quarante onces on coupera la tete,
Et tout finira."

Can anyone inform me by what kind of pun
Quarante onces can be understood to mean Ginq
Mars ? It is easy to understand the rest of the
prophecy. F. L.

Miller s " Lectures on the Greek Language.^^ —
I have a MS. 8vo. volume, written probably sixty
years ago, by the late George Miller, D.D. (then
a Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin), and entitled
Lectures on the Greek Language., pp. 152. Can
you inform me whether any such lectures by Dr.
Miller have at any time appeared in print, in
whole or in part? His edition of Longinus de
Sublimitate (8vo. Dublin, 1820) is held in repute.

Abhba.

^^ Bern acu tetigisti" (From the Navorscher, i.
p, 54.) — In Bulwcr's Caxton Family the words
rem acu tetigisti are ascribed to Cicero, as if ut-
tered by him in reply to a Senator, whose father
h^d been a tailor. Where did the English novelist
find this ? We always supposed the phrase to
have originated in Plautus, Rud. v. 2. 17. : —

" Num medicus, quaeso, es.' La. Imo una litera plus
sum, quam medicus. Gr. Tu mendicus es ? Za. Tetigisti
acu."

Haan van Pythagoras.

Irish Sta7nps. — I have a MS. 4to. volume,
richly bound in old scarlet morocco, beautifully
written on vellum, by John Bourke, Esq., Re-
ceiver-General of the Stamp-Duties, Ireland, and
entitled " A Collection of the Impres.sions to he
made on every Skin, or Piece of Vellum or Parch-
ment, or every Sheet of Paper, in manner and
form as hereinafter expressed" (Dub. 1774).* This
volume contains samples of Irish stamps from 6^.

[* According to Haydn's Diet, of Dates, the stamp-
duties in Ireland commenced in 1774. — En.]

to one half-penny ; and, having been written for,
and presented to, the Commissioners of His Ma-
jesty's Revenue In Ireland, forms an interesting
document in the commercial history of that part
of the British Empire. Is there any publication
from which I may learn particulars of the history
of stamps, more particularly as connected with
Ireland ? Abhba.

Chatterton Manuscript. — I wish to ascertain if
a MS., in my possession, in the well-known auto- .
graph of Chatterton, has ever been noticed by any
of his editors ? It is the first sketch for the tra-
gedy of yElla ; and although the published work
is extended and altered, many passages are verba-
tim, particularly In the " Mynstrelles Songe bie a
manne and womanne;" which in the sketch i.s
headed, "A Shepherd and Shepherdess act and
sing the following dialogue Song." The " chai-ac-
ters" are : —

" Eldred, Governour of the Castle at Bristol.

" Celmonde, an Officer under him.

" Cornyke, ditto.

" Elmar, Attendant on Eldred.

" Magus }Da"'"«'>I^^^^^'-«-

" Chief Bard, and other Bards. (First written High

Priest and other Priests.')
" Knights, Minstrels.
" Danish Priests and Soldiers.
" Birtha.
" Egwina, her Friend.

•' Scene Ij-es partly at Bi-istol and partly at Wat-
chette, or Weddecester, in Somersetshire."

The MS. Is written on one side only of twelve
leaves of foolscap quarto paper, with corrections
and additions on some of the opposite pages. The
water-mark — Britannia, a lion crowned holding a
sword, and "Pro Patria"; Interleaved with blank
paper of the same water-mark and similar tex-
ture. This MS. exhibits the Interesting fact, that,
In the first composition of his forgeries, Chatterton
did not fetter his imagination by using an anti-
quated orthography. H. Owen.

BoydeWs Shakspeare Gallery. — The most dar-
ing attempt to found a school of historical painting
in this country was that of Alderman Boydell
with his Shakspeare Gallery ; and yet I believe
that there Is no one single specimen of the pic-
tures painted for that collection in any public
gallery. I think It would be a matter of Interest
to have a list of the artists he employed and the
subject each Illustrated. A list of this nature
must exist, though I know not where to turn for
it. V. H. Q.

James Thomson, — Was the English poet Thom-
son ever married ? If so, to whom, and had he .
any descendants ? And can any one furnish me
with the genealogies of his eight brothers and
sisters ? (Navorscher, ix. p. 162., Qu. 243.)

De Maccabeer.

2"« S. VIII. JutY 16. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

51

Adenhorongh. — In a pamphlet, entitled Whig
Reform^ London, 1831, much abuse is bestowed
upon the leading Whigs, and Sir James Mackin-
tosh comes in for his full share. The writer says :

" The constituency of Adenborough, at which Jamie
affects to turn up his nose, is almost as numerous, quite
as discriminating, rather cleaner, and much more inde-
pendent than that of Knaresborough. Adenborough
w^ld not have been proud of such a mayor."

This probably relates to something which Sir
James said about that time, but I cannot find it
in his speeches. Can any of your correspondents
tell me when and what he said ? or what place is
meant by "Adenborough ?" E. E.

Birth and Death-years of British and American
Authors. — Wanted, the precise dates of the births,
and, for as much as necessary, of the deaths of the
following British and American prose-writers and
poets, viz. : —

C. C. Colton, author of Lacon, or Many Things
in Few Words, published in 1820, and of some
Satires ; Washington Irving : the statements about
his birth differ ; Pinnock, author of a History of
England ; G. Long, the translator of Tacitus ;
W. H. Preseott, born in 1796 ; W. Carleton, born
in 1798; F. B. Head, Leigh Hunt, and Barton,
born in 1784; T. Ilaynes Bayley : the statements
diverge ; Wilson, born in 1789 ; R. Montgomery,
about whose birth-year my informants disagree ;
Croly, born in 1790. (Navorscher, ix. p. 130.,
Qu. 177.) X2.

TTie Pretender. — C. D. E. would be greatly
obliged by any information respecting the au-
thenticity of a tract bearing the following title :

" Mrs. Frances Shnf foe's Narrative, containing an
account of her being in Sir Theophilus Oglethorpe's Family ;
where hearing many treasonable things, and among others
that the Pretended Prince of Wales was Sir Theophilus'
Son, she was trickd into France by Sir Theophilus's
Daughter, and barbarously us'd to make her turn Papist
and Nun, in order to prevent a Discovery ; but at last
made her Escape to Suisserland, and from thence arriv'd
in England, in December, 1706. London: Printed for
H. Hills, in Black-fryars, 1708."

The narrative, which is very minute and cir-
cumstantial,, extends in small type over 22 octavo
pages, and is supplemented by an affidavit of
Estiana Rossir, sworn before " J. Holt ; " and a
certificate signed by nine of the justices of Nor-
thumberland as to the character of Mrs. Shaftoe,
who "did, about the space of 18 years, live in
the town of Newcastle, where she behav'd herself
Discreetly, Modestly, and Honestly."

The Querist would also be obliged by being
informed of the titles of any printed books where
information might be found respecting the sub-
ject-matter of this tract. Bishop Burnet, in the
History of his Oion Time, vol. i. p. 754., states
that Bishop Lloyd had a " great collection, most
of them well attested," of the " reports that were

both then and afterwards spread of this matter."
Are these recorded in any known MS. ? Lloyd is
so well known to have exhausted every subject
to which he applied his great powers of investiga-
tion, that if his notes, always well arranged, on
this subject could be found, probably little more
could be desired.

Sacheverell. — Francis Sacheverell, " Esq." ob-
tained from King James T. in the eighth year of
his reign, a grant of lands in the co. Armagh,
and amongst others of Legacovry, now called
Rich Hill. He married Dorothy, one of the
daughters and coheirs of Sir John Blennerhassett,
Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, by whom he
iiad two sons, Francis and Henry, both named in
a deed made by their father, 8th Oct., fourteenth
James I. He died between 20th May, 1637, and
21st Oct. 1641, and was succeeded by his elder
son, who died 30th Jan. 1649, leaving an only
child Anne (born in 1632), who afterwards married
Major Edward Richardson, whose lineal descend-
ants have ever since been the owners of the
Sacheverell estates. Mrs. Richardson survived
her husband, and died, I think, in 1703, leaving
two sons, William, who married, but died s. p.,
and John, from whom the present owners are
descended. Amongst the MSS. depositions in
Triu. Col. Dublin, concerning the rebellion of
1641, are two giving a melancholy account of the
sufferings of Francis and his brother Henry, with
their wives and children, during that fatal period.
I wish to obtain infcymation respecting the family
descent of Francis, the elder ; the wives' names of
his two sons ; the parentage of Sir John Blenner-
hassett; and the name of John Richardson's wife.

Y. S. M.

De Foes Descendants. — I shall be obliged to any
of your correspondents who can inform me who
are the present representatives of Daniel De Foe
by the Baker line. The Rev. Henry De Foe
Baker, Vicar of Greetham, Rutlandshire, who
parted with the manuscript of Defoe, " The Com-
pleat Gentleman," and the correspondence of
Henry Baker, De Foe's son-in-law, to Mr. Daw-
son Turner, and which were lately sold at his
sale, was living in 1830.

James De Foe, in favour of whom as a male
descendant of Daniel De Foe, a subscription was
raised by Mr. Dickens and other gentlemen, died,
it appears, in May, 1857. What family did he
leave ?

Are there any other known descendants of
Daniel De Foe in the male or female lines now
living ? C. iM.

Knights of Yorkshire. — In the "Booke of En-
trances " made at the first Visitation of the County
of Yorkshire by Robert Glover, Herald, in 1584-5,
there is a list of the knights of that county and
their arms, under the following title : — " Nomina

52

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2'»«» S. VIIL July 16. '69.

et Arma illorum Equitum de Comitatu Eboracensi
qui cum Edwardo Primo Rege Stipendia mere-
bant in Scotia et alibi."

Can you refer me to any similar List of the
Knights of other counties of the date of 1290 to
1300 ? N. H. R.

Knights of the Royal Oak. — Collins, in his
Baronetcy (1741), gives the names of 787 knights
of this order. Pie states in a note that it was in-
tended that the knights of the order should wear
a silver medal with a device of the King (Charles
II.) in the oak, pendant to a ribbon, about their
necks ; but, he adds, it was thought proper to lay
it aside lest it might create heats and animosities,
and open those wounds afresh which at that time
were thought prudent should be healed." It ap-
pears that each member of the order was required
to possess a certain amount in land, and the value
of the estate of each knight in 1660 is annexed to
his name. Collins states that he obtained " the
list from the MS. of Peter le Neve, Norroy, now
among the collection of Mr. Joseph Ames."

Can you give me any farther information rela-
tive to this order ? I do not remember to have
read of its establishment in any history of the
reign of Charles II. N. H. R.

[See"N". &Q."2°dS. i. 455.]

Marat in Edinburgh. — In the 8th edition of the
Encyclopcedia Britannica, now in the course of pub-
lication, (vol. xiv. p. 294.), it is said of the noted
French revolutionist, Marat — the victim of Char-
lotte Corde — " We find him in Edinburgh, in 1774,
supporting himself by giving lessons in French."
The same statement is made, but less positively,
by Lord Brougham in his notice of Marat. And
the circumstance is alluded to by Lamartine in
his History of the Girondists. Can any of your
correspondents supply decisive evidence on this
matter ?

Lord Brougham, and the writer in the Encyclo-
padia, mention that about the same time Marat's
first publication. The Chains of Slavery^ made its
appearance : I observe that this came out anony-
mously in London in 1776. See Watt's Biblio-
theca Britannica, voce Slavery. The title is very
illustrative of the author's subsequent history and
character : —

_ " The Chains of Slaverj', a Work wherein ^e Clandes-
tine and Villainous Attempts of Princes to ruin Liberty
are pointfed out, and the dreadful Scenes of Despotism
disclosed, to which is prefixed an Address to the Electors
of Great Britain, in order to draw their timelj'' Attention
to the Choice of proper Representatives in the next Par-
liament."

G.

Edinburgh.

Buratariana. — Some time since a Query was
inserted as to the authorship of this political
satire (1" S. x. 185.), when a correspondent
kindly promised (ibid. 353.) at some future time

to communicate particulars as to the writers of
several of the articles in it. That promise not
having been fulfilled *, will you permit me to ask
from some of your Irish correspondents materials
for a history of this very curious volume ? M. S.

Ten and Tenglars, vjhat are they ? — In the ac-
counts of the churchwardens of Eltham, under
the date 1600, is the following charge : — JHf

" The carrying the great bell to be new cast Mr. Morse,
bell founder, dwelling in Whitechapel without Aldgate,
being agreed with all for 5/., and to deliver it at the ■
weight that he received it, that was 9 hundred and a
half. And at the receiving of the bell back again it
weighed 3 score and 7 lb. more than it did before. There
was 3 score and 3 lb. at 8d. the lb., and 3 lb. at 2s. &d.
the pound, being called ten and tenglars. The whole
sum is . . . . . .71. 10s."

By " ten " perhaps tin is meant ; but what can
" tenglars" mean ? It must have been something
of unusual value to be charged at 2s. 6^. per lb.
and of unusual virtue, when 3 lbs. was consi<lered
a sufficient alloy for 63 lbs. Was the Mr. Morse
named an ancestor, or only the predecessor, of the
present celebrated firm of Mears at Whitechapel ?

A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Royal Chapel of St. Matthew, Ringsend. — Can
anyone tell me in what year of the reign of Queen
Anne this church, situated in the neighbourhood
of Dublin, was erected? At what cost? and
from what funds ? A reference to Brooking's
very curious " Map of the City and Suburbs of
Dublin, and also the Archbishop and Earl of
Meath's Liberties, with the Bounds of each Parish,"
published in 1728, will show the great changes
that have taken place in this neighbourhood dur-
ing the last century. Trishtown and St. Matthew's
church are represented as almost surrounded by
the sea, from which no small extent of ground has
been since reclaimed ; and the desolate appear-
ance of the country along the south-east side of
the bay of Dublin, now so thickly inhabited, is par-
ticularly striking. Sandymount, Merrion, Kings-
town, and others, were then unknown. Abhba.

Bishopric of St. David's. — In the year 1718,
Adam, Bishop of St. David's, made a return of all
livings under a certain value in his diocese, with a
view to augmentation by the governors of Queen
Anne's Bounty. Unfortunately the bishop's cer-
tificate does not embody the most important and
necessary information, namely, the source of the
certified income. Any information as to the
probable depository of the original data which
governed the bishop's return will be thankfully
received by A. M.

* The writer of the reply in question was the late Rt.
Hon. J. Wilson Croker. Mr. Croker probably never re-
covered the copy of the Baratariana alluded to in his
Note.

Z-d S. VIII. July 16. »69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

53

Minor ^uetiti tofft ^nitotrS,

Cardinal Howard, Sec. — On a former occasion
(2°** S. iv. 328.) I communicated some inscriptions
in the church of S. Marco at Florence, and I now
transmit you an inscription from the cloisters of
a convent adjoining that church, hoping some
reader of " N. & Q." may favour me with some
information of the person commemorated: —

"F. Filippo Tommaso Hovard di Norfolck, Inglese,
creato Cardinale da Clemente X., il di xxvii. Maggio al
1675. Viva quest' anno mdclxxvii."

A p«(rtrait of this Cardinal Howard is affixed,
who it appears lived in the time of our Charles II.
There is also another Englishman so honoured
named Walter, in 1304, time of Edward I., and
an Archbishop of Canterbury in 1280. This last
must have been John de Pecheham, or Peckham,
the "Index" of whose "register" was published
in 2 vols, by Dr. Ducarel in 1756. Delta.

[Philip Howard, generally styled the Cardinal of Nor-
folk, was the third son of Henry Howard, Earl of Arundel,
who died in 1652. He was made a cardinal by Clement
X. in 1675, and was Lord Almoner to Catherine of Bra-
ganza. Queen Consort of Charles 11. He died at Home
in 1694. Our amusing diarist, Samuel Pepys, paid him a
visit on the 23rd January, 1666-7 : " To St. James's, to
see the organ Mrs. Turner told me of the other night, of
my late Lord Aubigney's ; and I took my Lord Brouncker
with me, he being acquainted with my present Lord Al-
moner, Mr. Howard, brother to the Duke of Norfolke ; so
he and 1 did see the organ, but 1 do not like it, it being
a bauble, with a virginal joining to it: so 1 shall not
meddle with it. The Almoner seems a good-natured
gentleman : here I observed the deske which he hath
made to remove, and is fastened to one of the armes of
his cha^'re. He discoursed much of the goodness of the
musique at Rome, but could not tell me how long mu~
sique had been in any perfection in that Church, which I
would be glad to know. He speaks much of the great
buildings that this pope [Alexander VII. ], whom, in
mirth to us, he calls Antichrist, hath done in his time."]

" To sleep like a fop." — Can any of your
readers inform me what is the derivation of the
common English expression, " to sleep like a
top ? " sxnd has it any connexion with the French
saying " Dormir comme une taupe? "

E. M. Fodder.

[We sometimes adapt foreign phrases to our English
vernacular by a change of a peculiar kind. For foreign
we substitute English words similar in sound, but very
different in meaning ; j'et so that the general sense of the
foreign phrase is retained. Thus the French expression,
"faire un faux pas," becomes in familiar — perhaps it
should be said in vulgar — English, "to make a fox's
paw," 3'et "still with .the original idea of committing an
indiscretion. So the French idea of sleeping like a dor-
mouse (taupe), in English becomes "sleeping like a top;"
the two phrases being alike employed to express pro-
found sleep. Some have derived this saying from the
Italian topo, the generic name applied indiscriminately
to the common mouss, the field mouse, or the dormouse :
hence the proverb " Ei dorme come un topo ; " He sleeps
like a top!" or, "Dorme come un ghiro," "He sleeps
like a dormouse !" We may add, that topo is also Spanish
for a mole.]

Eev. Richard Lufkin. — " IT. & Q." has occa-
sionally favoured us with instances of longlived
clerical incumbents, among others that of the
Rev. Peter Cole of Hawkesbury, near Tetbury
(P* S. xi. 407.) ; but in England's Gazetteer, by
Stephen Whatley, Lond. 1751, vol. ii., there is a
remarkable instance of a rector, not only holding
a benefice for a long period, but attaining a most
amazing age, as appears from the following ex-
tract : —

"Ufford, Suffolk, near Woodbridge. Richard Lufkin
was rector of this parish 67 j'ears, and buried in 1678,
a3tat. Ill, having preached the Sunday before he died."
I shall be obliged to any reader of your miscel-
lany who will give me some particulars of the
Rev. Richard Lufkin, confirmatory, jf he can, of
this statement. <!>.

Richmond, Surrey.

[The Rev. Richard Lufkin was inducted to the Rectory
of Ufford in 1621, ;' and held the living fbr fifty-seven
years, except that in the time of the Great Rebellion
he was sequestered, and one Isaac Wells, a true blue Pro-
testant, served the cure. Mr. Lufkin died in Sept. 1678,
aged 110 years, and his son-in-law, the Rev. Stephen
Kimball, succeeded him, who, having continued rector for
forty-four 3'ears, died Nov. 9, 1722.

Master bowsing seems to have found plenty of work
for his sacrilegious hands in Ufford church. In his Jour-
nal is the following entry : — " Ufford, Jan. 27, 1643. We
brake down thirty superstitious pictures ; and gave direc-
tion to take down thirty-seven more ; and forty cherubims
to be taken down of wood, and the chancel levelled.
There was a picture of Christ on the cross, and God the
Father above it. I left thirty- seven superstitious pic-
tures to be taken down^and took up six superstitious
inscriptions in brass." OT Aug. 31, 1644, this Iconoclast
pursued his work of destruction : " Some of the thirty-
seven superstitious pictures we had left, we brake down
now. In the chancel we brake down an angel; three
Orate pro anima in the glass ; and the Trinity in a tri-
angle; and twelve cherubims on the roof of the chan-
cel ; and nigh 100 Jesus-Maria in capital letters, and the
steps to be levelled. We brake down the organ cases,
and gave them to the poor. In the church there was
on the roof above 100 Jesus and Mary in great capital
letters, and a crosier staff to be broke down, in glass;
and above twenty stars on the roof. There is a glorious
cover over the font, like a Pope's triple crown, with a
pelican on the top picking its breast, all gilt over with
gold."]

Coal, when first used in England for Domestic
Purposes. — In An Historical Account of Charter-
House, 4to. 1808, p. 147., occurs a letter from Sir
John Haryngton to Mr. Sutton, dated 21st Dec.
1608, in which he says, "I will provyde yo' lodg-
ing at Bath, warm and clenly, good dry wood for
yo' fyre." When was coal first used in England
for domestic purposes? Most probably it was
much earlier used in this country than wood for
fires in kitchens, furnaces, &c. W. H.

Oriental Club.

[Coal was first discovered and worked at Newcastle-
upon-Tyne early in the thirteenth century; but being
supposed prejudicial to health, its use was prohibited in
and near London, A.r>. 1306. According to Rymer's Fadera,

54

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»* 8. YIII. JuLT 16. '59.

it was first made an article of commerce from the North
to the metropolis in 1381 (4 Rich. II.) The consumption
of the mineral, so far South, must nevertheless have
been very limited ; for we find that in the time of Henry
VIII., it was only allowed in the private apartments of
" the king, queen, and Lady Mary." (Vide Archceologia,
iii. 156.) Coal was not in common use in England until
the reign of Charles I., 1625. Consult "N. & Q." !»' S.
y. 513. 568.; vi. 147.; 2nd g. yij. 24. 303.]

Elizabeth Woodville. — In the picture gallery
at Hampton Court is a small contemporary por-
trait of Queen Elizabeth Woodville, with this
inscription upon the ledge on which the hands
rest: "Elizabeth MuQnms Grdmdrmrshi." Can
any of your numerous readers enlighten me as to
the meaning of these words ? The initial letter of
the last word, may be c or g ; the last letter but
two is like the letter e placed upside down. Zz.

[Elizabeth MiiQnms Grdmdr|mr|'3 |hi.
=Elizabeth Magnmi Edvrdi|mr|&|hi.
=EI)zabeth Magnanimi Edwardi mulier et hasres.

Observe 1. ^ an old form of &. The Germans still
write 3t' ^*

2. In words connected with the Latin haeres, an i was
sometimes substituted for the diphthong se. Thus, in old
French, iretg (a heritage), iretaulement (h^reditairement,
haereditabiliter).

3. There is a peculiar reason why her Majesty should
be stj'led the hares as well as mulier of King Edward.
He made a will in which, " with man}' affectionate ex-
pressions," he bequeathed to her " all the furniture,
jewels, and other moveables she had used at various
places." (Strickland's Queens of England, ii. 353.) If
she knew of the king's intentions before his death, this
may account for her being styled " mulier et hseres," not
"ri'rfua et haeres."] •

"the style is the man himself."
(2"<» S. vi. 308.; vii. 502.; viii. 37.)

The object of my Note on this dictum was not
only to deny its fitness, but also to show that
Buffon was not its utterer. Exception was taken
to both positions by the Philadelphia correspon-
dent C. J. B.; and Mb. J. Macray somewhat
authoritatively now pronounces for the Philadel-
phian " vindication." Nevertheless I am com-
pelled to believe that BufFon himself never uttered
nor wrote that dictum, and that nothing but "le
style est de Vhomme " can accord with the passage.
Here is the whole paragraph : —

" Les ouvrages bien ecrits seront les seuls qui passeront
k la posterity La quantity des connaissances, la singu-
larite des faits, la nouveaut^ meme des decouvertes ne
sont pas de surs garants de I'immortalite ; si les ouvrages
qui les contiennent ne roulent que sur de petits objets,
s'ils sont ecrits sans goiit, sans noblesse, et sans genie, ils
pdriront, parceque les connaissances, les faits et les de-
couvertes s'enlevent aisdment, se transportent, et gagnent
meme h, etre mis en oeuvre par des mains habiles. Ces
choses sont hors de Vhomme ; — le style est de Phomme meme.
Le style ne peut done ni s'enlever, ni se transporter, ni
b'alterer," &c. &c.

Here is, evidently, as before pointed out, a
contradistinction between the subject and its treat-
mejit by the writer. The whole of the continu-
ation insists upon the necessity that the writer
must be able to adapt his style to the subject —
embracing it at all points : — Uii beau style n'est tel,
en effet, que par le nombre injini des verites qiCU
presente. His meaning is, that the subject alone
will be no guarantee of immortality to the writer:
this depends entirely upon his treatment of it, and
must result from his adequate genius: — Le style
ne peut done ni s'enlever, ni se transporter, ni s'en-
lever ; — s'il est Sieve, noble, sublime, Vautewr sera
egalement admire dans tons les terns.

Is there the slightest ground in the passage to
uphold the idea conveyed by the dictum, " the
style is the man himself?" If this means any-
thing, as applied in the original paragraph to which
I drew attention, it means that an author's style
is the very representative of the man himself;
so that in reading his book we cannot be mistaken
in the " what manner of a man " he is, and this too
in the face of the notorious fact of almost con-
stant disappointment in the estimate we have
made of the men whose works we have admired.
Undoubtedly there are and have been forceful
characters who write as they speak, — speak as
they write, — and do both as they think, unmis-
takeably ; — but even here Buffon's dictum is the
only true expression of the fact — le style est de
I'homme — style results from the mental organisa"
tion of the man himself.

C. J. B. says that "le style est de I'homme "
"may seem an obvious truism, unlivened {sic) by
any vivacity or sententiousness (sic) in the ex-
pression of it." This is a very queer phrase, but
I pass it by, and farther submit the opinion that
le style est Vhomme meme is not good French —
certainly not of the age when Buffon wrote, al-
though it may pass current in that of Flourens —
as quoted by Mr. Machat — in its present degra-
dation. Had Buffon spoken or written it he
would have said le style, c'est Thomme. Clearly it
was but a printer's omission of the preposition de
which suggested the thoroughly modern French
concoction — " The style is the man himself."
The context proves that Buffon could not even
say le style, c'est Thomme meme.

C. J. B. upholds his opinion by quoting Words-
worth's dictum that language is " the incarnation
of thought." I submit that this expression is even
far more objectionable than the one" in question.
Cicero advises us to contemplate our tropes and
metaphors before we adopt and apply them. Ap-
ply this phrase — translate it — and what does it
say ? Why, that language is thought " made
flesh ! " Is it not a monstrou^dictum ? And is
it palliated by the use of the Latin woi*d " incar-
nation ? " It is akin to that other horrid excla-
mation of Wordsworth to the Deity — " Yea.

2°dS. Vlll. July 16. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

55

Carnage 13 thy daughter " {Thanksgiving Ode), for
which he was twitted by Byron, who adds in a
note, " This is perhaps as pretty a pedigree for
murder as ever was found out by Garter-King-at-
Arius : — what would have been said had any
free-spoken people discovered such a lineage ? "
(Doti Juati, canto viii. s. ix., which see.)

The absurd tropes, metaphors, and comparisons
with which certain modern writers, copying an
eminent offender in this line, startle us, and set
our hairs on end, may be excused on the plea that
they sound well, if they signify nothing : but we
mu=it be excused if we decline to sanction what
we cannot understand, and refuse to adopt what
will not bear examination. Andrew Steinmktz,

P.S. It is but fair to state that Wordsworth, in
his subsequent editions, suppressed the pedigree
of " Carnage " as above given.

Mtifliti ta Minav akuttUi,

Figures of King Henry VI. (S""* S. viii. 33.) —
Though I have not met with the figure of this
king painted on the wall of any church, I know
instances of his appearing on roodscreeus in
company with saints, though without any num-
bers round his head. At Gately, in Norfolk,
there is a painting of him on the south side of
the roodscreen, with the inscription Rex Hen-
ricus VI. Also at Ludham, in the same county,
he is painted on the north side of the roodscreen,
next to St. Edmund K. M., holding a sceptre and
globe. Though never canonised, he was much
venerated by our forefathers, and in some books
of Hours there are prayers in his honour. There
would have been no room for the sneer conveyed
in the Latin quotation, more worthy of Gibbon
than of your respectable correspondent G. W. W.
M., if he had considered the long and arduous
process of canonisation, and that the subject for
canonisation in this case was a king, as well as
the applicant. F. C. H.

Herbert Knoioles (2'"» S. viii. 28.) — The fol-
lowing extract from a local guide-book (to ijtch-
mond, Yorkshire, and its vicinity) may afford
your correspondent H. E. Wilkinson the inform-
ation he seeks ; —

" Herbert Knowles was a poor boy of the humblest
origin, without father or mother, yet with abilities suf-
ficient to excite the attention of strangers, who sub-
scribed 20Z. a year towards his education, upon condition
that his friends should contribute 30/. more. The boy
Avas sent to Kichmond school, Yorkshire (theu under the
able management of the late Eev. James Tate) prepara-
tory' to his proceeding as a sizar to St. John's College,
Cambridge ; but when he quitted the school, his friends
were unable to advance another sixpence on his account.
To help himself, Herbert Knowles wrote a poem, sent it
to Southey, with a history of his case, and asked permis-
sion to dedicate it to the Laureate. Southey, finding

the poem ' brimful of power and promise,' made inquiries
of Herbert's ' kind and able instructor,' and received the
highest character of the youth. He then answered the
application of Knowles, entreated him to avoid present
publication, and promised to do something better than
receive his dedication. He subscribed at once 10/. per
annum towards the failing 30/., and procured similar sub-
scriptions from Mr. Kogers and Lord Spencer. Herbert
Knowles receiving the news of his good fortune, wrote to
his protector a letter remarkable for much more than the
gratitude which pervaded every line. He remembered
that Kirke White had gone to the University counte-
nanced and supported by patrons, and that to pay back
the debt he owed them, he wrought day and night, until
his delicate frame gave way. Knowles felt that he could
not make the same desperate efforts, and deemed it his
first duty to say so.

" The poor youth promised to do Avhat he could, as-
sured his friends that he would not be idle, and that if he
could not reflect upon them any extraordinarj' credit, he
certainh' would do them no disgrace. Herbert Knowles
had taken an accurate measure of his strength and capa-
bilities, and soon gave proof that he spoke at the bidding
of no uncertain monitor within him. Two months after
his letter to Southey, he was laid in his grave. The fire
consumed the lamp even faster than the trembling lad
suspected."

Knowles died February 17th, 1817, aged nine-
teen years. The " lines in Richmond Church-
yard, Yorkshire," were written October 7th, 1816.
I never heard of any other poems of his that were
published. J. F. W.

Wife of Archbishop PalHser (2""> S. v. 31.) —
The Archbishop, who was son of John Palliser,
was born in Yorkshire in 1645, and educated at
Northallerton. He entered Trhi. Coll. Dublin,
13th Jan. 166a, He'married, first (licence 20th
Feb. 168^) Elizabeth, second daughter of William
Hoey, of Dunganstown, co. Wicklow, Esq. She
died 20th Sept, 1683, and was buried the follow-
ing day at St. Werburgh's, Dublin. The Arch-
bishop married, secondly, Mary, third daughter
and eventually co-heir of Jonah Wheeler, of
Greenane, Queen's Co., Esq. She was widow of
William, son of Valentine Greatrakes of Affane,
CO. Waterford, Esq., and died in June, 1735.
Their son William Palliser, Esq., of Ratbfarn-
ham, was born in 1695, entered Trin. Coll. Dublin,
1st July, 1709 (Ti'ot 1708, for like the college
clock, the college books were, and for aught I
know are, behind the age, the " annus academi-
cus " commencing on the 9th July in each year),
and married (licence 27th May, 1721), Jane,
eldest daughter and co-heir of Lieut.-Colonel
Mathew Pennefather, Accountant-General of Ire-
land, but had no issue. His wife died 7th April,
1762, and he himself 4th Oct. 1768. Y. S. M.

The Gulf-Stream and Climate of England (2"'»
S. viii. 12.) — The great authority at present on
the Gulf-Stream is Mr. Maury, who in his work
on the Physical Geography of the Sea, ascribes
the mild climate of England to the Gulf Stream.
That theory was ably challenged this year by Dr.

56

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''<> S. VIII. July 16. '59.

Stark of Edinburgh, in a paper read by him
before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and since
printed, along with a chart, for private circula-
tion. In that paper Dr. Stark proved that the
mildness of the winters in Britain was not de-
pendent on the Gulf-Stream, but on the Anti-
trade or south-west and westerly winds, which
are the prevalent aerial currents during winter.
Dr. Stark also showed good cause for believing
that the Gulf-Stream never approaches the coasts
of Britain, but is deflected to the south by the
strong Arctic current which encounters it to the
east of the banks of Newfoundland. The writer,
however, showed that the higher temperature of
our seas is kept up by a return branch of the
Arctic current, which, having got its temperature
raised as it crosses the Atlantic in warmer lati-
tudes, passes to the north along our western shores.
•We are led to believe that copies of Dr. Stark's
pamphlet were sent to many of the public libra-
ries, and if he has still spare copies, I feel assured
that any public library would receive a copy were
the librarian or directors to apply to him for one.

H. M. C.
The principal authorities are, Humboldt (Ex-
amen Critique, ii. 250—257. ; iii. 64—109.), Ren-
nell {Currents in the Atlantic) ; Wittich {Phys.
Geog. i. 78—99.), and Maury (Phys. Geog. of
the Sea). The last work is reviewed in the British
Quarterly Review (July, 1859, 130— 152). The
long prevalence of westerly winds recently has
had a tendency to bring the warm water of the
Gulf-Stream in greater force towards the coasts
of Europe. {Phys. Geog. by Lloyd, p. 29. L. U.
K.) In reference to climate, the effect of ice-fields
must be considered. (Wittich, i. 59.)

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

Cromwell's Children (2"'^ S. viii. 17.) — Your
correspondent, Cl. Hopper, states : " Oliver, bap.
Feb. 6, 1622 ; died young of the smallpox." While
J. G. Morten, on the other hand, says : " Oliver
was killed in battle at the age of twenty-one."
Might I ask your correspondents what are their
respective authorities for statements which differ
so widely? Libya.

Salford.

Catalogue of Shdksperiana (2°* S. viii. 4.) —
Thanks are due to L. A. B. W. for his good in-
tention in contributing to this list ; but a little
more caution may be recommended to him. He
seems to have consulted no authority of earlier
date than Mr. Halliwell (1841), and to have in-
ferred that titles which he has not recorded had
not been previously noticed. Mr. Halliwell's
plan probably was to extend sound criticism in
connexion with our national dramatist ; and, con-
sequently, he must have known of many publica-
tions to which the name of Shakspeare serves as a

passport, but which for all the worthy purposes
of literature are undeserving of notice. Mr. Wil-
son's intention was different ; and his plan em-
braced a wider range of publications. Accordingly,
L. A. B. W. will find that —

No. 11. is An Essay towards fixing the True
Standards of Wit, §-c.

No. 126. is Precious Relics, 1796.

No. 130. is Essays, Src, Exeter, 1796.

No. 174. is Luders's Essay on Henry F., 1813.

But it is still more important to notice that
lago Displayed is in no respect a Shakspearian
pamphlet. It is a libellous allegation of certain
malversations in the War Office, the adaptation of
the names of lago, Cassio, and Roderigo to the
parties concerned being the only apparent con-
nexion with the tragedy of Othello. It is not
worth while now to attempt to identify the real
offenders. The effort might be attended with
some trouble, as the pamphlet is without date.
I presume L. A. B. W. has transferred the article
from some catalogue in which he found it, without
inquiring farther into the subject. As the pam-
phlet is not common, he might thus have occa-
sioned Shakspearian collectors an anxious search
for that which, when found, would prove worth-
less. ■ R. S. Q.

Barnstaple: Barum (2"'i S. vii. 467. 521.) — If
Mr. Skene should happen to visit Barnstaple, he
would find Barum very generally inscribed on
carts and other vehicles belonging to Barnstaple,
as a well-understood name of the town. What-
ever may have been the origin oi Barum, the use
of the word is no novelty. Westcote, in his View
of Devonshire, written in 1630, and published by
Dr. Oliver and Mr. Pitman Jones in 1845, thus
notices the two names : —

"Barnstaple, or Barstaple, is a very ancient borough,
near the mouth of the Taw, and thereof ma}' be said to
derive name. In the British speech, Aber Taw, the
mouth of the Taw, Leland will have the word Barn-
staple, a chief mart town upon Taw: others will deduce
it from Barum (the ancient name, taken from the bar at
the river's mouth) ; and Stapolia, which should signify
a fair, market, or place of trade and merchandising," p.
294.

X. A. X.

Elizabeth Long (2°'* S. viii. 38.) — Elizabeth,
the sole surviving daughter of Henry Long of
Shingay (some call him Sir Henry Long) married
Sir William Russell (fourth son of Francis second
Earl of Bedford), Governor of Flushing and Lord
Deputy of Ireland, ultimately created Lord Rus-
sell of Thornhaugh. The marriage settlement is
dated 30th May, 1583. The only issue of the
marriage was Francis, who became fourth Karl of
Bedford. — Collins's Peerage ; Gage's Thingoe,
104. 184. ; Wiffen's House of Russell, i. 506.)

C. H» Cooper.

Cambridge.

2'»'» S. VIII. July 16. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

67

Hill; Hurley ; Jennings (2°* S. viii. 9.) — Per-
haps the subjoined table will satisfy Mr. D'Ave-
ney's inquiry, and also show how Lady Mashatn
stood connected with that bitter and proud
duchess whom (if the latter is to be believed) she
first toadied and then supplanted, or, as might
better be said, toadied only to supplant.

Edward Barley^Ablgail Stephens.

Sir John Jenninea.<:

Sarah, D. of
Marlborough.

— Hai=Abigail Harley.

Mary=Edward Hill.

Abigail, Lady Masham.

Edward
Harley,
Earl of
Oxford.

If this pedigree be correct, and it has been in-
vestigated with some care, Harley was Abigail
Hill's great-uncle. If, however, the Edward
Harley, son of Edward and Abigail Stephens,
was his father, he would then have been her
father's cousin- German, while the Duchess stood
in the same relation to her mother ; and I think
I have heard that she stood in the same degree of
relationship to both. A. B. K.

Belmont.

Special Licences (2""* S. iv. 89.) — By an order
from his Grace the tord Primate, dated 30th Oct.
1817, special licences were to be granted by the
Judge of the Prerogative Court to the persons
following only : —

1. Prelates of the church and their children.

2. Peers and Peeresses, their children and

grandchildren.

3. Privy Councillors and their children.

4. Members of Parliament and persons who

have been such and their children.

5. Great Officers of State.

6. Baronets and their children,

7. Knights, including Knights Companions of

the Bath, and persons having an honour-
able appellation by patent or warrant
from the Crown for services performed.

8. Judges Spiritual and Temporal and their

children.

9. King's (Queen's) Counsel.

10. Deans of Churches.

11. General Officers and Admirals.

12. State Physicians and Physicians and Sur-

geon-General.

13. Officers of the King's (Queen's) House-

hold.

14. Officers of the Lord Lieutenant's House-

hold, that is to say : Private Secretary ;
Chaplains ; Aides-de-Camp ; Steward of
the Household ; Comptroller of the
Household ; Chamberlain ; Gentleman-
Usher.

15. Doctors in Divinity.

This order, I need scarcely say, does not pre-
vent his Grace granting such licences to any other
person under special circumstances. Y. S. M.

John Jones (2'"^ S. vii. 467.) — Your correspond-
ent G. L. S. has made a slight mistake as regards
the publicati(m of " Attempts in Verse, by John
Jones, an old Servant." The book was published
by subscription, Southey contributing " An Intro-
ductory Essay on the Lives and Works of our
uneducated Poets," which extends over 168 pages
— more than one-half the volume. In winding-
up this Essay, Southey makes this proclamation :

" Before I conclude, I most, however, in my own be-
half, give notice to all whom it may concern, that I,
Robert Southey, Poet Laureate, being somewhat ad-
vanced in years, and having business enough of my own
fully to occupy as much time as can be devoted to it,
consistently with a due regard to health, do hereby de-
cline perusing or inspecting .any MS. from any person
whatsoever, and desire that no application on that score
may be made to me from this time forth."

It would appear that John Jones, residing at
Kirkby Hall, near Catterick, applied to Southey,
who, in the summer of 1827, had come to Harro-
gate with his family, for leave to send him for
perusal, and his opinion, a book of verses, which
Southey was good-natured enough to allow him
to do. The result was that Southey recommemled
their publication for the gratification of those
" gentle readers " who, having escaped the epi-
demic disease of criticism, are ever willing to be
pleased. \V. H. Logan.

Berwick-on-Tweed.

Aldrynton (2"^ S. vii. 455.)— The deed in E. B.'s
possession undoubtedly refers to Aldrington, now
Alderton, about nine miles from Chippenham, in
North Wilts, anciently belonging to the family of
Thomas Gore, Esq., the Wiltshire antiquary. I
have now before me a fine MS. register of the
old title-deeds of Aldrington, alias Alderton, in
the handwriting of Mr. Gore : and on referring
to the year 1393, I find '■'■ Reyner's Tenement"
was then the property of " John and Isabella
Hardyng." Many of these old title-deeds are
still in good preservation : and if E. B. is dis-
posed to restore the one he has to the box in
which it must once have lain, his courtesy will
be duly acknowledged by the Rev. J. E. Jack-
son, Leigh-Delamere, Chippenham. J. E. J.

"Night: a Poem" (2°^ S. viii. 11.) — Referring
to your correspondent's inquiry as to the author
of Night : a Poem, I recollect such a poem being
published in Glasgow upwards of forty years ago.
I cannot speak to the exact year, but it was pro-
bably in 1811. The author was a Mr. George
Martin, who was a bookkeeper to Messrs. Flem-
ing and Strang, solicitors. He has been dead for
more than thirty years. I was not aware that he
had published any other poem than the one re-
ferred to. A. D.

Witches worried at a Stake (2°* S. viii. 27.)-;- 1
hope I do no injustice to Ache in suspecting him

58

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«"» S. Vlll. July 1G. '69.

not to be aware that the sentence " to be wirried
at a steack till they be dead," &c., means in old
Scotch, " to be strangled at a stake," &c. The
worrying was merely to destroy life with as little
pain as could be, previous to the body being
burnt.

The Scottish Criminal Trials published by the
Maitland Club, show that what Ache calls " this
barbarous penalty," ^as very common in cases of
condemnation for witchcraft in Scotland. Z.

Pi'ovincial Words : " Pishty" " Cess-here " (2"'' '
S. viii. 9.) — The term *^ pishty" which your cor- [
respondent finds employed in calling a young dog, I
is given by Hallivvell in a more general sense as I
" a call used to a dog," without reference to age. !
It is also worthy of observation that a dog is in
Basque potzoa, and a bitch in German Petze.
Are not potzoa, petze, and pishty near akin ? It |
is possible that pishty, even if originally feminine |
from petze, may in time have come to be used in- '
discriminately for any individual of the dog kind,
female or male.

With respect to the expression " cess-here,"
used in inviting a dog to come to his food, cess or ;
sess is a call to feed, and so also is suss ; only with j
this difference, that the former is addressed to the '
canine race, thfl latter to the porcine. " Cess, to ;
call dogs to eat. South ; " " Sess, invitation to !
a dog to eat something. Dorset ; " " Suss, suss, a
call to swine to eat their suss, or hog-wash. East."
(Halliwell.) Suss is so much like the Latin for
pig that one might be inclined to suppose it the
original term, and sess or cess only a modification,
.extended to dogs. But perhaps it will be safer
to conclude that all three, suss, sess, and cess, are
from the A.-S. ceosan, cisan, to take. "And
hath hym by the bridell sesed; " "Possession and
sesenynge." (Gower and Froissart.)

Thomas Boys.

A Letter to a Clergyman, ^c. (2"^ S.,viii. 27.)—
I have both editions of this spirited Letter ; the
first (1746) bears upon the title by a Lover of
Truth ; and the second (1747), by G. Coade,
Jun., Merchant at Exeter.

Mr. Coade addresses his book, in a highly com-
plimentary strain, to the Bishop of Winchester,
the famous Hoadly of Bangor, who preceded him
in battling against arbitrary government in Church
and State. There appears to have been a heredi-
tary hatred to tyranny on the part of this pa-
tronymic of Coade. See A Memorandum of the
Wonderful Providences of God to a Poor unworthy
Creature, Sfc, by John Coad, published in 1849,
from the original MS., in consequence of being
favourably noticed by Macaulay. This Sufferer
joined Monmouth in his attempts to preserve the
religion and liberties of this kingdom, and falling
into the hands of Jeffries was banished to Jamaica.
Like most religious enthusiasts, the Puritan sol-

dier and convict is scant under the head of what
he calls his temporals, which to us moderns would
have been the most interesting part of the jour-
nal. J. O.

Negro Slaves sold in England (2'"^ S. vi. 267. ;
vii. 153.) —Mr. Salmon will find the following in
the Quarterly Review (vol. xcvii. No. cxciii. pp.
209—210.), and he will do well to consult this
article for other facts regarding Blackamoors, and
the sale of them.

" In the Tatler of 1709 we find one oifered to the pub-
lic in the following terms : —

" ' A black boy, twelve years of age, fit to wait on a
gentleman, to be disposed of at Denis's Coffee-house in
Finch Lane, near the Royal Exchange.'

" Again, in the Daily Journal, of Sept. 28th, 1728, we
find another : —

" ' To be sold, a negro boy, aged eleven years. Enquire
of the Virginia Coffee-house in Threadnee'dle Street, be-
hind the Koyal Exchange.' "

In the same paper there is an advertisement of
a runaway black boy, who had my " Lady Brom-
field's black in Lincoln's Inn Fields," engraved
on a collar round his neck : " for," says the writer,
" the notion of property in fhtse boys seems to
have been complete."

T. C. Anderson,
H.M.'s 12th Regt. Bengal Array.

The Game of Sqtiaring (2""* S. viii. 8.) —Your
correspondent W. VV. asks for some other ways of
" squaring the circle." I never have happened to
meet with the one he sent to " N. & Q.," but en-
close a few squares of words, v/hich may be what
W. W. wishes for : —

D I o M
I E V E

L O
E M

TREES

C K E W

c

R

E

S

T

R

K

A

<;

U

K

A

G

E

K

S

O

E

N

E

T

H

K

E

E

CUBE

E R
R E

H. E. P.

Stuffvnwood.

Publishing hefore the Livention of Printing (2'"*
S. viii. 11.) — Consult The Origin and Progress
of Writing, by Thomas Astle, Esq., F.R.S., F.A.S.
4to., Lond. 1803 (2nd edit.); and The History of
English Poetry, bv Tom Warton, edited by Rich.
Price, 3 vols. 8 vo.' Lond. 1840. i3.

Clapping Prayer-Boohs on Good Friday (2"''
S. viii. 32.) — Allow me to rectify a small mistake

2"* S. VIII. July 16. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

59

which occurs in my Note on this subject. The
topmost candle of the triangle is not taken out till
the canticle Benedictus is finished. During that
canticle, the six candles on the altar are extin-
guished, one at each alternate verse. Then the
sole remaining light is removed from the top of
the triangular candlestick, and concealed behind
the altar, as before described. F. C. H.

The Arrows of Harroio.—ln "N. & Q." (2"« S.
vii. 463.) you did me the favour to insert a com-
munication of mine on this subject, and as two
replies to J. M.'s Query have appeared in your
paper since which might lead many of your
readers to think that I was in error, I trust I
may be allowed to repeat that " The device or
ornament of the crossed arrows over thn arms was
added by Dr. Butler when Head Master of Har-
row School."

A device consisting of crossed arrows with a
broken how was placed at the head of some of the
lists of the speakers on the speech days, instituted
after the discontinuance in 1771 of the shooting
for a silver arrow, and probably "before Dr.
Butler was Head Master. But what I contend
is, that neither these crossed arrows, nor those
added to the backs or sides of prize-books, were
considered as forming any part of the school
arms. I think it would be impossible to bring to
light any prize books before Dr. Butler's time
with the arms of the school, viz., " a lion ram-
pant," surmounted by two crossed arrows, stamped
on them. No one, I think, would doubt the
correct taste, in such a matter as this, of Mr.
Decimus Burton. He is the architect to the
governors of the school, and designed the present
Head Master's house, over the porch of which are
prominently displayed the school arms. They are
simply a lion rampant on a shield, with the motto
" Donorum Dei Dispensatio Fidelis " on a scroll
underneath. H.

JEagle and Arroio (2"'' S. vi. 178. ; vii. 118.) —

" Like a young eagle who has lent his plume,
To fledge the shaft by which he meets his doom ;
See their own feathers pluck'd, to wing tlie dart,
Which rank Corruption destines for the heart."
Moore's Satire, Corruption, published 1808.

English Bards appeared in 1809.

T. C. Anderson,
H. M.'s 12th Reg. Bengal Army.

" Sketches of Irish Political Characters. (Lond.
1799.) (2"" S. viii. 28.) — The author was Henry
M'Dougall, B.A., of Trinity College, Dublin.

'A\l6l5s.

Dublin.

Salaries to Mayors (2"'* S. vi. 311.)— The
mayor of Berwick-on-Tweed is paid 100/. a-year,
and is expected to give four dinners, i. e. at the
quarter sessions. H* farther receives a sum of

11. to defray the expenses of a fifth dinner given
to those who accompany his worship in " the
riding of the bounds" on the 1st of May.

W. H. Logan.
Berwick.

Celtic Remains in Jamaica (2"'* S. viii. 24.)

The term celt, as applied to a bronze axe-head or
chisel, was first given by Hearne, 150 years ago;
and Wright {Celt, Roman, and Saxon, p. 73.),
advises adherence to this name in the proper
sense of a Roman chisel (celtis*), cautioning his
readers not to confound the Roman chisel with
the Celtic peoples. The stone implements men-
tioned by your correspondent may be compared
with Wright's engraving (p. 70.) ; and may be
illustrated by the passages in Joshua (v. 2.), and
Exodus (iv. 25.). The universality of stone im-
plements in ancient and modern times, over most
parts of the world, amongst people gradually
emerging out of barbarism f, precludes us from
considering the discovery of such in Jamaica as
any proof or indication whatever of the existence
of Celtic tribes there, which must be established,
if at all, by other proof more peculiar and appro-
priate to that race. T. J. Bcckton.
Lichfield.

Stocks (2"'' S. vii. 485.) — The stocks here are
stationary, ranged by the side of the flight of steps
leading to the Town Hall. They have not been
used for seven or eight years. The last offender
on whom they were exercised was a woman.

W. H. Logan.

Berwick-on-Tweed.

NOTKS ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Fabric Rolls of York Minster, with an Appendix of
Illustrative Documents. (Surtees Society.)

In this volume, for which the Surtees Society and the
public are indebted to the able Secretary of the Society,
the Rev. James Raine, we have materials of the greatest
interest alike to the antiquary and to the architect. The
Fabric Rolls, which commence about 1300, and end with
the accoinpte of the then clerk of the works in 1639, oc-
cupy the lir^t 120 pages of the volume. These are fol-
lowed by an Appendix, containing no less than sixty-two
illustrative documents, many of them of the twelfth and
thirteenth centuries. These, like the rest of the volume,
are accompanied by notes full of most varied and valu-
able information, and are followed bj' a Glossary, an
Index of Names, and one of places. The volume is one
most creditable to the Surtees Society and to its Editor ;
and every reader of it will look forward with great in-
terest to the time when Mr. Raine will be enabled to
realise the pleasant hope which he holds out to us, of
weaving out of these materials a history of York's noble
Minster in a more popular form.

* I am not aware, however, of any Latin authority for
this word.

t Herodot. ii. 86. ; Ovid, Fasti, iv. 237. ; Juven. vi.
513. ; Ludolf, Ethiopia, iii. 1, ^

60

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d s. VIII. July 16. '59.

Historical and Statistical Account of Dunfermline. By
the Rev. Peler Chalmers, D.D , &c. Second volume, illus-
trated with numerous additional Engravings. (Blackwood
& Sons.)

It is now fifteen years since Dr. Chalmers gave to the
world the first portion of his History of Dunfermline.
Daring that period he has gone on accumulating fresh
materials to illustrate the historical and statistical facts
connected with the sphere of his ministerial life. These
he has now given to the public in the form of a second,
or, as we should rather call it, a supplemental volume;
and so arranged that the two ma}' be read either con-
secutively in portions, or the second may be read through-
out separately. A vast amount of curious materials, which
is of more than mere local interest, is accordingly here
gathered together; and if the men of Dunfermline feel
as strongly as Dunfermline men, as they do as Scotch-
men, Dr. Chalmers may be sure his painstaking volume
will meet, as it deserves, with a hearty welcome from his
fellow townsmen.

Telescope Teachings. By the Hon. Mrs. Ward. (Groom-
bridge & Sons.)

In this admirable little book, in which the accomplished
authoress attempts " to relate a few of the discoveries of
the Iciirned, in words which the unlearned can under-
stand, and to tell how much of the heavenly bodies may
be seen with a small telescope," we have a great deal of
practical information as to the best means of observing
the wonders of the heavens which are available to ordinary
people. The instructions given are plain and intelligible;
and illustrated as they are by numerous characteristic
and effective plates form a little volume well calculated
to promote a more general study of the rudiments of as-
tronomical science.

Books Eeceived. —

Rifle Clubs and Volunteer Corps. By W. H. Russell,
The Times' Special Correspondent. (Routledge & Co.)

Although we will hope that the Peace, so recenth'
signed at Villafranca, may give the world assurance of a
long future of quiet, we cannot but welcome a volume on
the subject of Rifle Clubs from one so well qualified to
speak of their utility as the historian — day by day — of
the Crimean and Indian Wars.

The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore. Complete in
Ten Parts. Part the Fourth. (Longman & Co.)

The Fourth Part of this new and cheap collected edi-
tion of Tom Moore contains his Juvenile Poems and his
Poems relating to America.

Lord Byron's Poetical IVorks. Murray^s Complete Edi-
tion. Part VI. (Murray.)

This contains Hebrew Melodies; Domestic Pieces; Mor-
gante Maggiore ; Prophecy of Dante ; Vision of Judg-
ment; Age of Bronze, and Occasional Pieces. What a
mass of poetry for one poor shilling !

BosweWs Life of Johnson. Edited by Right Hon. John
Wilson Croker. Part V. (Murray.)

This Part contains that portion of Boswell which nar-
rates the Life of the Great Moralist between 1773 and 1776.

Routledge's Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev.
J. G. Wood. Part IV. (Routledge & Co.)

This Part, which is devoted to the various animals of
the Feline tribe, is as admirably illustrated by Wolf,
Weir, and Harvey as its predecessors.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Hengstenbero o.v the Sunday and Sabbath, translated by James

Martin.
•«• Lietters, stating particulars and lowe»t price, carriage_free, to be
seat to .vIkssrs. Beix & Daldt, Publishers of " JNOXJBS AMI)
UUBBIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
tue gentlemen by whom they are required, ami whose names and ad-
'iresses are eiven tor that purpose.

Pathick, Ix)wth, and Whitbv's Commentary. 4 Vols. Imp. 8vo.

vol. r. London. 1814.
Macknioht on thk EprsTtKs. 4 "Vols. 8vo. Vol. III. Edin. 1889.
(Advernser has a duplioite of Vol. I., which he would be willing to
dispose of.)
Weslev's Works. 32 Vols. Vol.1. Bristol.n.d.

Wanted by Rev. Johnson Bailu. 123. Russell Terrace, Cross Lane,
Salford. •

The EccLESTASTicAr, Supremacy op the Crown Vindicated, by Basili-
cus. London. 1813 or 1814.

"Wanted by iT. H. R., 9. Parliament Street , Westminster.

JoNins' Letters. We have received a very interestinq communication
on tins subject, which shall appear in our next or following number.

St. Padl's Clock strikino Thirteen. — Adiior will find articleson
this tradition in the 3rd vol. of our \st Series, and in the 7th irol. of our
2nd Sei les, just comphteu.

F.Phillott; — Frank Lamb. We have letters for these correspond
dents. Where can we forward them ?

A. M. The.fir.it letter of Sir Benjamin Hall to the Archbishop of Can -
terburu on the collegiate church i>f Breron, appeared in Tne Morning
Chronicle of Dec. 4, 1850. Bp. ThirlwalCs Reply to it is dated Dec. 27,
1850, and wns published by Sidgway. Sir Benjamin Hall replied to the
Buhirp in a Second Letter, probabli/ in the same paper, which elicited from
the Bishop A Second Letter, dated Feb. 17, 1851.

C. J. Ale-draper is explained in our 1st S. ii. 310. 360. 414. See aUo
Bailey or HalliwelVs Dictionary.

Abrba will find an answer to his Queri/ in The Litursry and other
Divine Offices of the Church The less said about the "fig " Query the

better.

Errata. — 2nd S. viii. p. 32. col. ii. 1. \7. for "culture" read" cn\-
tura;" 1. 33./or " leuca " read " leucse; " 1. 34. /or " luc» " read " leuca."

** Notes and Qubkibs" is piibliskeii at noon on t'riflay, and is also
issued in >1onthlv Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Honths forwarded direct from the I'ubHskers (.inctuilinQ the Ilalf-
venrly Index) is lis. 46^., which mai/ be paiil by Post Oihce Order in
favour of VIei^rs. Beli, and DALDy,186. Fleet Street, E.C; to whom
all Coif MuwicATTONs FOR THB Gditor ttbouhi tiP oddressed.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

§1. .|Hcbtmn of lutcr-Comimriutntioit

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price 'id. unstamped ; or bd. stamped.

Contents of No. 184. — July 9th.

NOTES : —English Actors in Germany, by William J. Thorns —
GleaninM from Writers of the Seventeenth Century, illustrative of

Proverbs, Words, &c 'The Light of other Days " — Celtic Ke-

mains in Jamaica, by S. R. Fattison — The Prisoners' Baslcet Carrier,
by John Brent.

Minor Notes : —Lord Erskine and Rev. Wm. Coekin — The Hanove-
rian Jewels — A Lover of Matrimony — Old Jokes — Michelet on
English Literature and on Shakspeore.

Minor Queries: — Vertue's Draughts— Sophocles — John deBaalun —
Cardinal Virtues — Sir William Sutton — Cartulary of Buttele —
Graham: Newton — Countess of Stafford — Sir Walter Scott —
Witches worried at a Stake — " A Letter to a Clergyman, &c." — " Le
Bas Bleu" — Rue in Prisoners* Dock — Sir John Gaseoigne — He-
raldic Query — Sir Edward Lovett Pearce — "Musomania or Poets'
Purgatory — Bryan Robinson, M.D. _ Quotation — Herbert Knowles.

Minor Qoertfs with Answers : — College of Christ at Brecon _Bib-
liosraphical Queries — II Sepolchro del Santo Sangue — Pregnant
Women Pardoned — Spot's " History of Canterbury."

REPLIES : — Ussher's Britannicarum Ecelesiarum Antiquitates —
Knights created by Oliver Cromwell^ The Origin of the curved
Form of the old Divisions of I^anil, by Henry Thomas Riley — Clap-
ping Prayer-Books on Good Friday.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Antonio de Dominis — Fresco in the
Record Room, Westminster Abbey — Who wrote Gil Bias ? — Cofflus
— Randolph family — The Arrows of Harrow — Woodroof— Min-
strels' Gallery iu Cathedrals — British Anthropophagi.

Notes on Books, &c.

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : _

First Series, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 6^ 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 3/. 13s. &{, cloth ; and

General Index to First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

2nd S. VIII. July 23. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

61

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 23. 1859.

No. 186. — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Archbishop Leighton's "Works, 61 — Prohibition of Prophe-
cies, 64 — Memorials to the Treasury, by William Henry Hart, 65 —
Inedited Letter of Bishop Patrick, 60— Witchcraft in Churning, &c.,
67.

MiKoR Notes : — Dr. Johnson's Chair — A long disputed Point settled

— OiirNavy Two hundred Years ago — The "Minerva" Library, 68.

Minor Qoeries : - Lyster Family — Richard Woodroffe — Early Eng-
lish Printing andPresses — Old Graveyards in Ireland — Barum Top
_ Stonehenge — Quotation wanted — Le contrat Mohatra — Residence
within the Tower of London — Sir Thomas Lawrence: Linley —
Cromwell and Scotland — Shelley and Barhamwick — Shooting
Soldiers — "An History of British Worthies"— MS. Question in
Paraphrase of Erasmus — County Voter's Qualification —Wink-
James Read, D.D., 69.

Minor Queries with Answers : — Paintings at Vauxhall — Henry
William Bunbury —" Scraping an Acquaintance " — Wrotham, co.
Kent — Places in Surrey — English Translations of" Don Quixote"

— A Pair of Gloves preferred to the Bible, 70.

REPLIES : _ British Anthropophagi, by T. Stephens, &o., 71 — Lilac,
Syringa ; or Philadelphus, 73 — Cambridge Costume, 74.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Michael Drayton's Poems, Lj-rick and
Pastorall — Cardinal Howard — Watsou Family — Gravediggers —
Nathaniel Ward — "Urban" as a Christian Name— Scotch Para-
phrases—Knights made by Cromwell — Richard Pepys — Woodroof
(Asperula odoratal — Inn Signs by Eminent Artists— "Englishry"
andt" Irishry," — Watermarks in Paper — John AUington — Tooth
and Egg Metal, Tutenag, &c., 75.

Notes on Books, sc.

Haiti*

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON's WORKS.

(^Concluded from p. 44.)

In considering Leighton's language, I may ob-
serve that he never uses the corrupt phrase averse
to, sometimes used in his day, and almost univer-
sally at the present day, but always writes " averse
from."

Abp. Leighton, from his learned and allusive
style, and the imperfect state of his MSS., pecu-
liarly requires annotation. While this want is
admirably supplied, as regai'ds the Eighteen Ser-
mons, by the second editor ; Mr. Pearson, on the
other hand, does not attempt to verify the quota-
tions, develop the allusions, or explain what is
obscure. While directing attention to the Notes of
Rivington's edition, I do not include the Appendix
or Addenda, which extend from p. 297. to p. 347.
inclusive, and contain a number of separate trea-
tises, which, however excellent in themselves,
would doubtless be considered as undesirable in a
reprint.

Having thus tested the modern standard edition
of Abp. Leighton's Works, so far as the Eighteen
Sermons go, by a comparison with the original
text, I must leave it to others, who have the ne-
cessary books within reach, to apply a similar test
to the remaining works.

Mr. Pearson gives thirty-three Sermons, but
does not inform us when the last fifteen were first
published. Along with an Exposition on the
Creed, &c.. Dr. Fall published, in 1701, two Ser-
mons (Nos. 29. and 30. in Pearson) : one on
Matt. xxii. 37—39., the other on Heb. viii. 10.
A third Sermon, viz. one delivered " before the
Parliament at Edinburgh," was published in 1708

along with Leighton's Rules for a Holy Life, and
Short Catechism — this is No. 28. in Pearson.
Ten- new Sermons were published by Wilson in
1746 : two Sermons then remain which I cannot
account for.

On the last fifteen Sermons, as they stand in
Pearson, I shall make a few Notes and Queries.

_ " As that luxurious King who caused to be painted on
his tomb two fingers as sounding one upon another, with
that word. All is not worth so much, Non tanti est." —
Serm. XIX. p. 304.

Who was "that luxurious King," who thus
snapped his fingers at the world he had to leave ?

" That Rabbin who lived twelve years in a dungeon in
Francis's time, called a book he wrote The Polar Splen-
dour ; implying that he had then seen most intellectual
light when he had seen least sensible light." — Serm.
XXXII. p. 448.

Who was that illuminated Eabbi ? Again, Who
was Zopyrus ? *

" If that Persian Prince could so prize his ZopjTus,
who was mangled for his service," &c. — Serm. XXXIII.
p. 473.

Whose words are referred to in the following
passage ? —

" As he said of ' golden cups and wooden priests,' so we
may say of that Church which values them so much,
They are well looked to, neatly adorned, but their priests
grossly ignorant." — lb, p. 464.

To be at a point with, meaning I suppose to he
at daggers drawn, as we may say, is a phrase
I have not met before. It occurs in Sermon
XXVI., '■''that thou art at a point with all the
world, and hast given up all to wait on Him," p.
399.

To run the back-tt'ade is another phrase new to
me : —

" But that we may imitate Him in his Life, we must
run the back-trade, and begin with His Death, and must
die with Him."— Serm. XXVIII. p. 416.

" Brangled," meaning shaken, occurs in the same
Sermon : —

" Will the pillars be brangled, because of the swarm of
flies that are about them ? " p. 414.

"As shuffles and hot quarrels." — Serm. XIX. p. 306.
Is not " shufiies " a misprint for scuffles ?
" Distorted or violented." — Serm. XXIV. p. 367.

Is the latter word genuine, or a misprint for
violenced ? Should not " affront " in the following
passage be assent ; implicit obedience (even though
the consequence be injurious), being preferred to
and contrasted with " a profitable breach " of
orders ?

" We know how heinously Kings take the presumption
of their Ambassadors in this kind ; though reason be pre-
tended, and perhaps justly, yet even thet/ account Obedi-
ence better than Sacrifice : yea, some of them have been
so precise and tender of their Prerogative, that they have

[* See the story of Zopyrus in Herodotus, iii. c. 153., &c.]

62

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"i S. VIII. July 23. '50.

preferred a damagealle affront to their commands before
a profitable breach of them." — 5erm. XXXIII p. 469.

If affront be the right word, the author's mean-
ing must be that kings prefer the open defiance
of their enemies, however injurious, to the disobe-
dience of their servants, however profitable. Or,
could affront be used in a good sense, viz. a meet-
ing their wishes, a compliance with their com-
mands ?

In Serm. XXII. p. 340., a "pile of grass" is
used to mean a blade or spear of grass.

Whence is the aphorism so frequently quoted
by Leighton — Summa Religionis imitari quern co-
lis ? It occurs twice in the Sermons, and once
in the Prselections : —

•' It is the substance of Religion to be like Him Whom
we worship. Man's end and perfection is, likeness to God.
, . . He became like us that we might become like Him.
God first put on Man, that Man might put on God." —
Senn. XIX. p. 309.

"This is the substance of Religion, to imitate Him
Whom we worship. Can there be a higher or nobler de-
sign in the world, than to be God-like, and like Jesus
Christ ? He became like us, that ^ve might be the more
like Him. He took our nature upon Him, that He might
transfuse His into us." — Serm. XXVIII. p. 416.

" In subordination to these [the Scriptures] you may
also use the writings of pious men that are agreeable to
them, and particularly that little book of a Kempis, Of
the Imitation of Christ, since the sum and substance of
Religion consists in imitating the Being that is the Ob-
ject of your worship." — Valedictory Oration, sub fin.,
Trans., p. 350.

This Aphorism would make a good motto for
the De Imitatione, but is not taken from it as I
at first thought.

Mr. Pearson tells us, " One of his favourite
Axioms was, that ' All things operate according to
the disposition of the subject.'" — Life, p. cxxxix.
I do not remember where this occurs in Leigh-
ton's Works, but it is obviously the same as that
quoted by Dr. H. More in his Introduction to the
Defence of the Threefold Cabbala : —

"That saying in the Schools is not so trivial as true,
Quicquid recipitur, recipitur ad modtim recipientis, Every-
thing is as it is taken, or at least appears to be so. The
tincture of our own natures stains the appearance of
all objects." — Conjectura Cahhalistica, London, 1653, p.
95.

Coleridge was fond of quoting a similar aphorism.
Quantum sumus, scimtci, Such as we are, such is
our Knowledge, or rather. Such as we are, such is
our Capacity and Power of Knowing.

Dr. Doddridge, in the Preface before referred
to, thus comments on the labours of the first Edi-
tor, Dr. Fall : —

" The numberless errors which I had observed in the
First Edition of all his English works, by which the sense
of many passages is absolutely destroyed, and that of
scores and hundreds very mucli obscured, made me the
more ready to .ittempt the paying this little tribute of
respect to his memory, which no words or actions can
fully express . . . The quarto edition of the incompara-

ble Commentary upon the First Epistle of Peter, I may
venture to pronounce the most faulty piece of printing "l
ever remember to have seen in any language."

Dr. Doddridge tells us he supplied with his pen
what he thought deficient, and "here and there
exchanged a Scots word or phrase for an Eng-
lish one." He adds : —

"I thought that to have distinguished all these correc-
tions by different characters, crotchets, or inverted
commas would have injured the beauty of the impres-
sions If any are curious enough to desire exactly

to know it, thej' may get surer information by comparing
this edition with the former, by which they may judge
of the little, but, as I thought, very necessary freedoms
taken with the manuscript pieces."

It is devoutly to be hoped that the next Editor
will prove "curious enough" to make this com-
parison, and give us as exactly as possible Leigh-
ton's own words, " Scots phrases " and all.

The Pralectiones Theologicos, or Theological
Dissertations, were published by Dr. Fall, Lon-
don, 1693, 4to.* From the Editor's preface, one
is led to suspect that the Latin text is probably as
faulty as that of the English works.f He ob-
serves : —

" The Lectures I now present thee with, I caused to be
copied out fair from a MS. in the Author's own handwrit-
ing; which was a work that required great care and at-
tention, on account of the blots and interlineations of that
original MS. ; for the Author had written them in haste,
and without the least thought of ever publishing them."

These Incomparable Lectures ought to take
such a position in theological, as Bacon's Essays
take in general, literature. They are worthy of
an Aldine Edition, and an Editor to match.

Mr. Pearson asserts that the Latin Prelections
have been translated by Dr. Fall, vol. i. p. clxxiii.
This I am inclined to doubt. In the translation
before me, dated 1763, years after Dr. Fall's death,
no allusion occurs to any former translation, and
It is evidently by another hand. The title is as
follows : —

" Theological Lectures, Read in the Publick Hall
of the University of Edinburgh. Together with Ex-
hortations to the Candidates for the Degree of I\Iaster
of Arts. By Robert Leighton, 'D.D. Principal of that
Universit}', and afterwards Archbishop of Glasgow.
Translated from the Original Latin. To which are added
Rtdes and Instructions for a Holy Life, and other Re-
mains of the same excellent Author. London, Printed by
D. Wilson, at Plato's Head, in the Strand, m.d.cclxiii."
—Pp. 410. 8vo.

The " Other Remains" are eight " Letters from

* In the same vol. were published Meditations in Latin
on Psalms iv., xxxii., and cxxx., which were afterwards
translated under the superintendence of Dr. Doddridge,
and published in 1748.

t Since writing the above I have seen Professor Schole-
field's valuable edition of Leighton's Latin Works ( Can-
tab. 1828, 8vo.), which confirms my distrust of all the
previous editions. It ought to be incorporated for the
future in all complete editions of Leighton's Works ; and
the Old English translation ought to be corrected by it.

2nd S. VIII. July 23. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

63

Abp. Leighton," and his Defence of Moderate
Episcopacy .

Some other time I may send some Notes on
these Lectures, but now one must suffice : —

" The Holy Scriptures descend to the weakness of our
capacities, and, as the Hebrews express it, Lex Dei loqui-
tur Ungziam Jilioruni hominum, ' The Law of God speaks
the language of the children of men.' " — Lect. i. p. 9.

Dr. H. More, in the above cited Introduction,
quotes the same aphorism — " Loquitur lex juxta
Unguium humanam., that the Law speaks according
to the language of the sons of men ; " and he
illustrates it at length — p. 102. Cf. also More's
Second Lash of Alazonomastix, Cambridge, 1651,
pp. 108 — 120., where he shows that "Scripture
speaks according to the outward appearance of
things to sense, and the vulgar opinions of men ;"
— i.e.KU,T ofX(pa(Tiv nal Kar avd pwizoirQ eiav.
• The Rules for a Holy Life, which may be called
the English a Kempis, was first printed by Joshua
Downing, London, 1708, 12mo. In the edition of
1763 occurs this passage : —

" Ihiite thy heart from all things, and unite it only to
God." — Sect. vi.

Is the original word Un-knit or Uu-unite ?
In Pearson it is Disunite.

With regard to the Lost MSS. of Abp. Leigh-
ton, Mr. Pearson writes : —

" It is greatly to be deplored that some of his produc-
tions, which came into the hands of his earlier editors,
are since irrecoverably lost. I allude particularly to his
Discourses on that master!}' summary of Christian doc-
trine and practice, composed for the Ephcsicais by St. Paul,
on which the powers of Leighton's congenial rnind could
not fail of being happily exerted. In an advertisement
prefixed to the 1" edn. of the 2"^ vol. of his Commentary
on Peter, published in London in 169J:, Dr. Fall says that
these Discourses are in his possession, and he holds out a
prospect of their being hereafter printed : and Mr. Wilson
in his preface to the edition of 1748 speaks of trying to
recover them. Mention is also made by Dr. Doddridge
in his preface to Wilson's edition, of a large collection of
the Abp.'s Letters, communicated by Dr. Latham of Derb}',
and by the Rev. Mr. William Arthur of Newcastle, which
were meant to be inserted in a future and more extended
life. But the hopes thus raised have melted away, as the
foam upon the water." — Pp. vi — vii.

The Editor of the second edition, writing in
1745, says that he has seen some MS. Sermons,
and A Comment on the cxix"'' Psalm, by Leighton.
— p. xvii.

It is worth while registering these losses in
" N. & Q.," as some of the MSS. might yet turn
up.

Thirty-four years have elapsed since Mr. Pear-
son's book appeared, and meantime many much
improved editions of far less important works
have been published ; but Leighton, our Fenelon
and a Kempis, as well as one of the noblest of our
glorious School of English Platonists — Leighton
seems forgotten, at least as far as Editors are con-
cerned. Would that some congenial mind who

had the necessary time and opportunities, could
be stirred up to the pleasant task of preparing a
new edition of the works of this great and good
man.* These few and imperfect notes and hints
of mine will not have been in vain, should they
induce some more competent hand to follow them
up, were it only so far as to assist in preparing-
the ivayfor a new and improved edition. I need
scarcely suggest, in conclusion, that without over-
loading this proposed edition with annotations,
some of the most striking and appropriate of
Coleridge's comments would doubtless be ap-
pended by a discerning Editor.

Mr. Pearson seems to have devoted himself
chiefly to the Life, and taken less pains about
the Worhs. In the former the materials are in-
dustriously collected, and well worked up into a
very interesting whole. Two things, however,
will show Mr. Pearson's tone — viz. his elaborate
strictures on, and apologies for, the " blemish "
or " disease " of " Mysticism " in Leighton, es-
pecially as exhibited in his Rules for a Holy Life :
and his declaring that Leighton's conduct in re-
ceiving the Orders of Deacon and Priest from a
Bishop previous to being consecrated a Bishop
himself, and thereby Ignoring the Orders of the
Presbyterians, "is open to just exception." — See
the Life by Pearson, pp. vi. clxx. xlvi.

With regard to Abp. Leighton's Library, Bp.
Burnet tells us that —

" He had gathered a well chosen library of curious as
well as useful books; which he left to the diocese of
Dunblane, for the use of the clergy there, that country
being ill provided with books."

And Mr. Pearson tells us that —

" His French Bible, now in the Library of Dunblane,
is marked in numerous places ; and the blank leaves of it
are filled with extracts made by his own pen from Jerome,
Chrysostom, Gregory Nazianzen, and several other Fa-
thers. But the Bible which he had in daily use gave yet
stronger testimony to his intimate and delightful ac-
quaintance with its contents. With the Book of Psalms
he was particularly conversant . . . ' Scarce a line in.
that sacred Psalter (writes his nephew) that hath passed
without the stroke of his pencil.' " — P. cxx.

Perhaps some one in the neighbourhood of
Dunblane, at once a lover of Leighton and a lover
of books, would give us a glimpse into this " li-
brary of curious and useful books," note some of"
the most remarkable, and glean up some of Leigh-
ton's stray annotations ? Perhaps, too, some future
Editor would find it worth while to publish the
Notes and Extracts from the Fathers in the two
Bibles referred to by Mr. Pearson.

[ * Our correspondent will be glad to hear that a gen-
tleman of congenial mind," and well qualified for the task,
has been for some time engaged — if not in the prepara-
tion of a new edition of Leighton — at least in annotating
his Works, and tracing his authorities and allusions.
These are such important steps towards a new edition,
that we venture to hope they will eventually lead him to
undertake one. — Ed. " N. & Q."]

64

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'i S. VIII. July 23. '69.

Mr. Pearson gives what to ordinary eyes would
seem a very unpleasing Portrait of Leighton,
though be seems to think very differently of it
(p. civ.) : it is " Engraved by A. W. Warren from
a Portrait by White." Is there any other authen-
tic Portrait known to exist ? * Mr. Pearson says
the Archbishop had always a strong objection to
have his portrait taken, and that it was taken
clandestinely (p. cxlii.)

With regard to Abp. Leigh ton's Death, it is to
be regretted that Mr. Pearson did not give Bp.
Burnet's exact words, instead of paraphrasing
them : —

" He used often to say that if he were to choose a place
to die in, it should be an Jnn. It looked like a Pilgrim's
going Home, to whom this World was all as an Inn, and
who was weary of the noise and confusion in it. He
added that the officious tenderness and care of friends
was an entanglement to a dying man ; and that the un-
concerned attendance of those that could be procured in
such a place would give less disturbance. And he ob-
tained what he desired ; for he died at the Bell Inn in
Warwick-lane."

To Burnet's account, I may append that of Dr.
Fall, who also was well acquainted with Leighton.
After a glowing eulogy on his holy Life and
" Heavenly Converse," he proceeds : —

" Such a Life, we may easily persuade ourselves, must
make the thought of Death, not onlj' tolerable, but de-
sirable. Accordingly it had this noble effect upon him.
In a Paper left under his own hand [since lost] he be-
speaks that day in a most glorious and triumphant man-
ner: his Expressions seem rapturous and ecstatic, as
though his Wishes and Desires had anticipated the real
and solemn celebration of his Nuptials with the Lamb of
God .... He sometimes expressed his desire of not
being troublesome to his friends at his Death ; and God
gratified to the full his modest humble choice : he dj'ing
at an Inn t» his sleep. ... So kind and condescending a
Master do we serve, who not only enriches the Souls of
His faithful servants with His best Treasures, but often
indulges them in lesser matters [and giveth to His beloved
even in their Sleep.] " — Preface to Tracts, Lond., 1708.

It will be remembered that Abp. Leighton
resigned his See in 1673, and retired to Broad-
hurst, a demesne in the parish of Horsted Keynes,
near Cuckfield, Sussex, belonging to his sister,
the widow of Edward Lightmaker, Esq. ; and
with her he continued till his death, in 1684. His
remains were conveyed to Horsted Keynes, which
is described as a picturesque village nestled in hills
and woods, in the rich country bordering the
South Downs, and were interred in an ancient
chancel, which has since been taken down. About
three years ago an Appeal was made for funds to

* Lowndes mentions a Selection from Leighton's Works,
Lond. 1758, 8vo., which has a portrait, aet. 40. 1654, by
E. Strange. I may remark that in Mr. Pearson's edition,
as published by H. Bohn in two vols., Lond. 1846, there
is a much more pleasing portrait than that in the library
edition : the former was " Engraved by H. Adiard from a
Portrait by White ; and published bv James Duncan, 37.
Paternoster Row, March, 1829."

raise a Memorial to Abp. Leighton. Those who
issued the Appeal proposed to erect a plain tomb,
bearing the original inscription, on the spot where
Leighton is interred ; as the slab which covered
his grave was broken, and the pieces built into
the adjacent wall.* Their next object was to raise
a fund for the support of the Horsted Keynes
Schools, which had been reduced by the loss of an
endowment which came from the Lightmakers.
I have never heard how this Appeal prospered, or
whether the thousand pounds solicited were col-
lected. EiRIONNACH.

P. S. Since this paper has been in the Edi-
tor's hands I have had an opportunity ©f seeing
Lowndes. His bibliography of Leighton is very
imperfect, and, I trust, will be improved in Mr.
Bohn's reprint. I was surprised to find that,
though he places Mr. Pearson's Edition first, he
does not take the popular estimate of it. After
enumerating the editions of Pearson, Middleton,
and Jerment, he remarks of the last, viz. Dr. Jer-
ment's edit, of 1820, "By far the best Edition of
these most valuable Avorks. The former Editions
are extremely incorrect." By " former editions "
Lowndes refers not to time, but to the order in
which he places them. Let me ask in conclusion.
Is Dr. Jerment's " by far the best edition ? " and,
if so, is it a really good one ?

PROHIBITION or PROPHECIES.

Prophecies upon declaration of arms, fields,
names, cognizances, or badges, were made felony
without benefit of clergy by 33 Hen. VIII. c. 14.
The 5thEliz. c. 15. was directed against the same
mischief, but was less severe in its punishment,
which was only imprisonment. The latter statute
prohibited prophecies by writing, singing, or other
open speech or deed, by the occasion of any arms,
fields, beasts, badges, or other like things accus-
tomed in arms, cognizances, or signets, or by rea-
son of any time, year, or day, name, bloodshed, or
war, to the intent thereby to make any rebellion,
insurrection, dissension, loss of life, or other dis-
turbance within this realm, or other the Queen's
dominions. Upon these enactments Lord Coke
remai'ks, (3 Inst. p. 128.) : —

" He that hath read our histories shall find what
lamentable and fatal events have fallen out upon vain
prophecies carried out of the inventions of wicked men,
pretended to be ancient, but newly framed to deceive true
men : and withal, how credulous and inclinable our coun-
trj'men in former times to them have been."

Some instances of punishment inflicted on ac-
count of prophecies occur in history. Thus Do-
mitian put Metius Pomposianus to death, for
having an imperatorial nativity (i. e. an astrologi-

r* S«e"N.&Q."l'tS. ix. 8.]

2'HiS. Vm. July23,'o9.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

65

cal prediction that he would be emperor), and for
carrying about a map of the earth on parchment,
and speeches of kings and generals extracted from
Livy. (Suet. Dom. 10.) The latter offence con-
sisted in a supposed ambition to be a king or
general. Vespasian had been cautioned against
the same person, in consequence of his having
this nativity. (Suet. Vesp. 14.) Bentivoglio, the
lord of Bologna, likewise subjected the celebrated
astrologer, Luca Gaurico, to five inflictions of the
torture called the strappado, for having predicted
that he would be expelled from his states. See
" N. & Q.," 2""^ S. iv. 353. L.

MEMOBIALS TO THE TREASURY.

The early correspondence and papers of the
Treasury now deposited at the Public Record
Office contain information of so varied and mis-
cellaneous a description, that there are but few
features of English History, either in its state or
diplomatic relations, or in its less important, but
not the less interesting incidents, which may not
meet with ample illustration from these docu-
ments.

From a perusal over any extended period of the
correspondence addressed to the Treasury, or the
memorials and petitions presented to that Board,
it would appear that the community were in the
habit of asking the advice and assistance of the
Treasury upon all occasions, even the most tri-
vial ; hence arises the great mass of papers con-
taining detailed narratives of many private
grievances, and altogether forming a curious and
valuable illustration of. the domestic life and man-
ners of the English people.

A large portion of the memorials consists of
applications for places under government, in which
the petitioners' claims, if any, are set forth, such
as the following : —

" To the Rt Hono''i« the Lords Com" of their Maj«'«'
Tieasury.
" The humble Peticoa of Joha Baskett,
" Sheweth

" That your Pef being the first that undertook to

serve his Maj*'<= with Parchment Cartridges for his

Maj*'" Fleet, by which meanes he saved his Maj"«

severall thousand pounds, And there being now severall

places to be disposed of by the late duty upon Paper, &c,

" Your Pef therefore humbly prays yo"' LordPP^

to grant him the place of one of the Com'"%

Comptroller or Eeceiver of the said Duty.

" And your Pef^ shall ever pray."
(In dorso)
" The Peticon of John Baskett.
" Recommended hy my L"! Privy Seale.
" Paper, &e."

Or we may look at a humbler sphere of^ action :
a woman advanced in years has a scaffold erected
before her house in Westminster to view the coro-
nation of one of the kings ; but the erection gives

' way, and the old dame pays for peeping by a
broken thigh, while her mother, an aged person, is
nearly killed. This is a case where the charity of
the Treasury may be tried, so off we start to the
Cockpit at Whitehall with the following tale of
distress : —

"To The R* Honi'ie The L^' CoDaissioners of His Ma-
jesties Treasury.
" The Humble Petition of Ann Ansell, Spinster,
1 " Sheweth,

" That j'our Petitioner had her Thigh broke at the
Coronation of his Late Majesty, at her House in the
Sanctuary, by the Fall of a Scaffold, and it was so much
bruised that it could not be set, wherebj' she continues
very lame ever since, which has render'd her incapable
I of her Business, being now in the 60"' year of her Ag^,
her Mother also was almost killed at the same Time.

" Your Petitioner therefore most humbly prays
your Honours to take her distressed condition
i into your Consideration, and in regard to the

I Great Losses she has sustained thro' this mis-

fortune to grant for her relief, She may be
thought a proper object of his ]Maje8tj''s Com-
I passion and Charity in what manner your

Honours shall think fit.

" And your Petitioner as in Duty bound
shall evepjwray," &c.

We now come to a repentant blasphemer, who
for disseminating his unseemly writings was com-
pelled to flee from the vengeance of an ex-officio
information of the Attorney- General. This is
illustrated by the following curious petition. It
is undated, but there is plenty of internal evidence
whereby the period may be approximately deter-
mined : —

" To the most Noble Thomas Holies, Duke of Newcastle,
First Lord Commissioner, and the rest of the Lords
Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury.

"The Petition of Elizabeth Cannon, Widow and
Relict of the Revi D"" Cannon, late Dean of Lincoln,
deceased, and of Thomas Cannon, her Son, and of Ed-
ward Brooman and Redshaw.

" Most humbly Sheweth,

" That about five years since j-our PetitS Thomas
Cannon, was taken into the Custody of a Messenger upon
the Information of one Purser, a Printer (who was like-
wise taken into Custody at the same time), Your said
Petif being charged with the heinous Offence of Compo-
sing, as Purser was of Printing and Publishing, a certain
Tract or Pamphlet, containing the most detestable Prin-
ciples of Impurity, not fit to be even remembred in the
Title.

"That after a short Confinement at the Messenger's
house, j'our said Petif and the Printer both obtained
their Enlargement, upon Bail given for their Appearance,
to Answer to any Information or Charge which the Oifi-
cers of the Crown should be pleased to Exhibit against
them. Your said Petif being bound in a Recognizance of
£400 penaltj-, together with your other Petit" Brooman
and Redshaw as his Suretvs. who severally engaged
themselves in the Penalty of £200 each, but with the
Precaution of taking a previous Indemnity, by Counter
Bond, from your Petif Elizabeth Cannon.

" Thjit an Information was afterwards exhibited in the
Court of King's Bench in the Name of his Majesty's At-
torney General against the Printer, who appeared, and
took his Tryal, and underwent one part of the Sentence

66

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2''<i S. VIII. Jlly 23. '59.

inflicted upon him by the Law, but, as your Petit" are
informed, was pardoned the infamous part of it.

" That your Petif Thomas Cannon, upon the first re-
flectiou, Stung with tlie utmost remorse of Conscience at
the Iieinousness of his guilt, and not daring to throw
himself upon the Justice of his offended Country, whilst
the Jlemory of his Crime was j'et recent, and his Contri-
tion wanted the opportunity of time to approve its Sin-
cerity, Did withdraw himself from the weight of so heavy
a Prosecution into Foreign i)art3, where he resided near
three years, and then returned to England, partly;.'con-
s!rained by Necessity (having neither property nor any
other means of subsisting himself), but principally in
Order to make the only Atonement in his power to the
Publick, by Printing and Publishing his Retraction or
Kecantation, in which j'our said Petif has in a Short
Treatise, drawn up by him during his Exile, and Sub-
scribed with his name, from a due Sense of Eeligion, and
other Conscientious Motives, endeavoured to obviate the
Mischiefs arising from his former Publication, by I>e-
canting and abjuring in the most solemn manner the
Principles there broached.

" That since your said Petit" return to England, he
has lived the most recluse life at Windsor with your
other Petif his Mother, abstracted from Society, and
almost wholly dedicated to Religious Offices ; and to the
constant Tenor of his life and Conversation, from the first
hour of his Exile to the present period, and to his future
Conduct and behavior (to Mguarded and secured in such
manner as your Lordships snail think proper). Your said
Petit'' begs leave to Appeal for the Sincerity of that Re-
cantation which he has upwards of two years since
(without any other Constraint than from the pure Mo-
tives of Conscience) made in his Publication from the
Press, most humbly Imploring your Lordships that the
same, together with his long Sufferings for a Series of
five years past, attended with a Disappointment in every
View of Life in consequence of his offence, may be now
accepted in some degree of Satisfaction and Attonement
to the Justice of the Publick, and that the memory of his
Crime (which it is hoped hath been long since buried in
Oblivion) shall not be again revived by further Prosecu-
tion against your said Petif, who cannot reflect upon his
past Offence without Horror and Detestation.

" That in consequence of j-our said Petit^' having De-
clined to take his Tryal, by withdrawing into foreign
parts. His Majesty's Attorney General was pleased to
give directions for prosecuting your said Petif to an
Outlawry, and for Estreating his Recognizance against
his Bail ; upon which some proceedings have been had,
and will, as all your Petit" have too much reason to ap-
prehend, be too soon perfected, unless prevented bj* your
Lordships' Indulgence and favourable Interposition.

" For after your Petif, Thomas Cannon, had returned
to England, and been two years resident at your Petif
his Mother's house at Windsor, with a Security which
the Sincerity of his repentance could only give him,
Your said Petit" received an Alarum from your other
Petit" the Bail, who, with all the terrors ofan imme-
diate Levy of their Security under the Crown process.
Have lately' applyed to your Petif, the Mother, for an In-
demnity upon her Counter Bond, and insisted upon her
immediately paying down the whole Caution monej'.

" That your Petit", the Bail, are in verj' Indigent Cir-
cumstances, and with all the Substance they have in the
World Incapable of Satisfying the Levy to be made upon
them in the first Instance. And your Petif, the Mother,
is equally Incapable of Satisfying either the Crown or the
Bail, being reduced to a small Pension or Annuity for
life only for the Support of herself and two Daughters, as
well as her unhappy Son, who have no other dependance
whatever; Nor is your other Petif, Thomas Cannon, in

the power of your Petit" his IMother and Bail, having
again withdrawn himself into retirement to avoid the
impending Danger ; So that the further Prosecuting the
Recognizance must inevitably' terminate in the utter ruin
of j-our Petit"^ Elizabeth Cannon.

"That 3'our said Petif is descended from a Stock
which hath bom the Publick better fruit ; and, having
already lost her Eldest Son in the Service of his Country
at the Battle of Fontenoy, humbly hopes that the Ser-
vices of her father, the late Bishop Moore, and of her late
Husband in the Cause of Religion and Virtue, and of her
Eldest Son in the Cause of his Countrj-, will be weighed
against the Demerits of her now only Surviving Son, thiit
herself and the other Innocent branches of her family
shall not be involved in the same common ruin, and that
her once offending and now Penitent Offspring shall
learn hereafter to Revere that Government whose Lenity
and Clemency he has Experienced, and shall not be de-
prived by the Severity of the Law from an Opportunity
of giving the Publick further fruits of his Repentance iu
a future course of Life Expressive of his utter abhorrence
and detestation of the Principles which have unhappily
fallen from his Pen, but never yet descended into his
heart.

" Wherefore Your Petitioners mosthumblj- Pray
Your Lordships out of j-our Great Goodness
and Compassion, and more Especially out of
tenderness to your Petif the Mother (now
declining in the Vale of Years), That your
Lordships will be pleased to Issue your War-
rant or Directions to his Majesty's Attorney
General to put a Speedy and Effectual Stop to
all further Proceedings in the premisses upon
the said Information, Outlawry, and Estreated
Recognizance, And to grant Your Petit^' Tho-
mas Cannon such Remission of his Offence, or
Relaxation of the Proceedings thereon as to
your Lordships shall seem meet. Or that your
Lordships will be pleased to give such further
or other Orders and Directions in the Pre-
misses as the Nature and Circumstances of the
Case may seem meet.

" And your Pet" (as in Duty bound)
shall ever pray, &c.

« Euz. Caxnok.
" On behalf of herself and the
other unhappy Petif*.
" Ordered (In dorso),
" Be pleased to get a Constat made out by
the Clerk of the Estreats on w"^'' the
Lords of the Treasury will sign a Warr'
to the Remembrancer to strike the Re-
cognizance out of the Roll."

The title of the work written by Thomas Can-
non is unfortunately not given in the foregoing'
petition ; but it can doubtless be discovered from
the bundles of indictments, or the Crown or Con-
trolment Rolls at the Public Record Office.

WiLiJAM Hesey Hart.

Folkestone House, Roupell Park,
Streatham, S.

lyEDITED LETTER OF BISHOP PATRICK.

I am permitted by its possessor to send you a
copy of the following original letter of Bishop
Symon Patrick, written when he was Rector of

2°d S. VIII. July 23. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

67

Tempsford, Bedfordshire*, and forwarded to a
friend together with a " Dugdale : " —
" My Good Friend,

" I have sent you Master Dugdale, in
which I hope you will find both pleasure and satis-
faction, and I hope you will leave the Monkish
Storys as I do, that is, as I find thim so I leave
thim, (as Saul did his father's Asses) for Indeed
I have very little faith in those Legendary Tales.
S"^ I can compare myself not much unlike Shake-
spears Rich^ the third when he says I have nothing
to do but to view my shadow in the sun, &c. So
if you shoud have any Jobb fall, if its only for
Imployment, I shall gladly accept it, and with
Comp" to ffriends,

" Your most sincere ffriend
"&h''"=SerS

" Tempsford,
Tuesday, 18 May, 79."

" S. Patrick."

CUTHBERT B£D£.

WITCHCRAFT IN CHURNING, ETC.

" The following document (published about 1832) from
jMr. Manning of Halstead, is preserved in the British
Museum : —

" ' Siii, — The narrative which I gave j'ou, in relation to
witchcraft, and which you are pleased to laj-- your com-
mands upon me to repeat, is as follows : — There was one
Mr. Callet, a smith by trade, of Havingham, in the
county of Suffolk, formerly servant in Sir John Duke's
family in Benhall in Suffolk. As it was customary with
him assisting the maid to churn, and being unable, as
the phrase is, to make the butter come, threw a hot iron
into the churn, under the notion of Avitchcraft in the
case, upon which a poor labourer then employed in carrj'-
ing manure in the yard, cried out in a terrible manner,
* the}' have killed me, they have killed me,' still keeping
his hand upon his back, intimating where the pain was,
and died upon the spot. Mr. Callet, with the rest of the
servants, took off the poor man's clothes, and found, to
their great surprise, the mark of the iron that was heated
and thrown into the churn stronglj' impressed upon his
back. This account I had from Mr. Callet's own mouth,
who being a man of unblemished character, I verily be-
lieve. I am, Sir, &c.

"'Samuel Manning.

« ' Halstead, August 2, 1732.' "

We are informed by Professor Sinelar (in Sa-
tan's Livisible World Discovered, edit. 1769, p. 101.),
that "another old woman taught her neighbour
this charm when the butter would not come : —
" Come butter come.
Come butter come,
Peter stands at the gate
Waiting for a butter'd cake.
Come butter come ! "

The superstition on this head had therefore run
pretty parallel in England and Scotland, only the
" old woman's " enticing charm was decidedly of a
more innocent kind than Mr. Callet's " hot iron "

[* Has our correspondent any authority' for stating that
Bishop Symon Patrick was Rector of Tempsford ?— Ed. ]

that frightened the "poor labourer" to death.
Such matters are now scarcely credible, and yet
we cannot blame either the " smith " or the " old
woman " for having adopted the notions of the
age, seeing both were in the company of many
eminent men of a like belief; even in that of the
church of Rome herself, who professedly had her
exorcisms " pro lacte " and " pro butyro." It ap-
pears, however, worthy of remark that the learned
Mr. George Sinelar, no less designated than a
professor of philosophy and ^mathematics in the
celebrated college of Glasgow, had not been aware
that butter will not " come " unless the cream to
be churned is at a certain heat which any ordinary
dairy-maid now understands, and, regulating the
degree of heat required by that little useful in-
strument the thermometer, at once puts to flight
both magic and magicians. Mr. Callet, with his
" hot iron," was near upon the principle, but he
unfortunately imputed it to a wrong cause. The
'* mark " on the back of the " poor labourer " had
likely arisen from the suddenness of his death, re-
ceiving injuries or otherwise, through perhaps
violently falling on the ground, and leaving on
his skin what are called "blue or bruised marks,"
which may accidentally have assumed the resem-
blance of Mr. Callet's " iron ; " but, be that as it
may, a warm imagination and high credulity
could scarcely fail to trace something answering
the purpose-
In modern times a few shreds and patches of
these " beggarly elements " are to be seen in vari-
ous forms, though gradually wearing out. A West
Country medical practitioner used many years
since to amuse me with a number of similar anec-
dotes to the preceding, well told in the vernacular
of the district, one among which I happen to have a
note of. An old woman, a specimen who, in Mr.
Sinclar's days, if not good for burning as a witch,
would at least have been strongly suspected, waited
upon the doctor, who heard a gentle tap at his
door.

D. Who's there ? Come in.

O. W. (Peeping in very slyly). I see ye're en-
gadg'd, doctor. I was wantin an unco canny
word 0 ye, but I'se come back again.

D. O, you need not go away.

O. W. warily steps in, and drawing him to a
corner inquires if he had onie Skaith Saio (salve).

D. What are you going to do with it ?

O. W. Na, Sir, ye ken it's no for raysel, I mean
it was no me that was thinkin about it ; but a
neebor o mine thocht my dochter had gotten
Skaith, for she has never been richt sin Hughoc's
house was brunt, an she said if I wad get ti^pence
worth 0 Skaith saw an rub ier a' oer wi't she
wad grow better soon. Now, Sir, as I kent ye
was a sober man, an up to heaps o things, I thocht
ye cud tell me whether it wud do guid or no.

D. Indeed, I think it will not do any good

68

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. July 23. '59.

though you would rub a pound sterling worth of
it upon your daughter.

O. W. Dear me, Doctor, do ye think there's
nae sic a thing as Skaith saw ?

D. I have no doubt of there having been a
thing called by that name, but I believe it pos-
sessed no better qualities than our common oint-
ment.

O. W. O, Sir Doctor, na, na, ye need na tell
me that, for whan Willie's bairn was ill, tho' it's a
gey while sin now, he gaed to Glasco to Droggie
Wrichts * an gat thripence worth o't, an rowet it
in ane o the bairn's mutches whan he cam hame,
but tellt nabody whar he had been, nor what he
had dune, an after that he rubbet the bairn wi't
frae head to fit, an in the mornin it was as swamp
an supple as e'er it was a' its days.

D. What was the child's complaint ?

O. W. Nae doubt witched Sir, for it was a' that
stiff ye micht a taen't by the feet an held it out
like a pin.

D. But are ye a believer in witchcraft ?

O. W. Deed, Sir, let me tell ye, that frae what
I hae seen an heard, I canna get it vera weel de-
nied. Just let me gie ye twa or three instances :
there was in the days o my grandfather whan
ane o his kye twint ill ae nicht an diet i the
mornin •

Here the doctor was interrupted, and the con-
versation broke off.

From rustic maidens with backward swains
applications were sometimes made for " tippence
worth 0 Stan to " (stand to), which was given out
in the harmless form of bread pills, with the ad-
vice, that when she happened to be in the pre-
sence of the much-loved object of her affections,
to swallow a pill herself, and at the same time to
endeavour to put one into his mouth. This was
an ingenious stratagem of the nature of a charm
to bring the parties into a more friendly and closer
communication. It was frequently attended with
matrimonial consequences, and not unusually re-
warded afterwards to the son of Galen by a couple
of fat hens or some produce of the dairy. G. N.

Minax ^atsi.

Dr. Johnson's Chair. — Some letters have re-
cently appeared in the papers regarding the cele-
brated easy chair of Dr. Johnson. Now it is a
well-ascertained and acknowledged fact that the
original favourite easy chair of our immortal author
and moralist was, upon his death, removed from
the chambers in Inner Temple Lane once occu-

* A Highland-born apothecar}-, famous in the city
about forty-five years ago, who, in dealing out his medi-
cines, accompanied them with the advice — "If they will
do j-ou no harm, they -will do j'ou no good," reversing
what he intended to express.

pied by him, to those now occupied by myself, at
No. 2. Churchyard Court, second floor, where it
has remained ever since, passing as a sort of heir-
loom from one occupant of the chambers to ano-
ther, and where it at this moment remains. It
is a large, old-fashioned, horsehair chair, brass
bound, and somewhat the worse for wear, but
nevertheless still strong and serviceable, and has
with it the identical crimson velvet cushion upon
which he delighted to sit, and which is said to be
the identical crimson cushion upon which Mary
Queen of Scots knelt at her execution. At any
rate the marks of three drops of blood (undoubt-
edly human blood) are still clearly discernible
upon it.

In consequence of the approaching demolition
of the chambers, it is much to be feared that this
celebrated chair may be obliged to pass into un-
worthy hands. However, while it remains there,
and in my possession, I shall be happy to show it
to the curious in these matters of antiquity.

Rich. Paternoster.

A long disputed Point settled. — I query if a note
is worth making of the following cutting from a
local newspaper : —

" The long disputed question of the authorship of the
Letters of Junius, was a short time ago settled by an auc-
tioneer residing within fifty miles of Bishop Auckland.
Among the miscellaneous lots of books which came under
his hammer, a copy of the ' Letters of Junius ' happened
to turn up, in announcing which the auctioneer said,
' This, gentlemen, is a copy of the Letters of Junius, one of
the old Roman icriters.' "

W. J. Stannard.

Our Navy Two hmdred Years ago. — The fol-
lowing may be deemed worthy of a corner in
"N. &Q.:" —

" In the year 1641, the navy of England consisted of
forty-two ships, the aggregate tonnage of which was
22,411 tons. In 1858, Scott Russell launched one vessel
— the Great Eastern — of 22,500 tons, or of greater bur-
then by 89 tons than the whole British fleet two hundred
years ago."

Abhba.

ITie ** Minerva" Library, — The improvements
now going on in various parts of London, and
especially within the bounds of the City, are fast
depriving us of all examples of our ancient do-
mestic architecture. To the genuine antiquary,
perhaps, this may occasion little regret, as he will
argue that edifices dating only from the Fire of
London present none of those striking peculiari-
ties on which it would be his pleasure to ruminate.
To some portions of these modern antiques, how-
ever, cer.tain associations connect themselves ; and
as one fact towards our literary history, you may
perhaps not disdain to record in the pages of
" N. & Q." that the above-named library (or
rather the premises once occupied by the well-
known A. K. Newman, the Maecenas of many of
our inferior novelists of the last and present cen-

2»dS. VIII.JuLr23. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

69

turies), is now In course of demolition, to make
way, no doubt, for some of those palatial sets of
offices on which it is the fashion of the day for our
tradesmen to waste their profits. R. S. Q.

Minat ^uevitS.

Lyster Family. — Walter Lister, of Milltown
Pass, died in 1622. His monument remains in
the church of Camm, co. Roscommon. He left a
widow, Deborah, and two children. From his
only son Anthony are descended the Lysters of
Lysterfield, Grange, Corkip, Rocksavage, &c., &c.
I suspect this Anthony (a family name, by the
way, to the present day) married a daughter of
Chief Justice Osbaldeston, who, with his two sons,
Edward and Talbot, were named overseers in
Walter's will, and witnessed its execution. AValter
had considerable property in Roscommon. Can
any one give me particulars of the family during
the seventeenth century ? Y. S. M.

Richard Woodroffe. — Who is the representa-
tive of Richard Woodroffe of Woolley near Wake-
field, in Yorkshire, by his wife, Lady Elizabeth
Percy, eldest daughter and coheiress of Thomas,
the 7th Earl of Northumberland ? " Sir T. C.
Banks's/' version will obviously not satisfy the in-
quirer. (Vide Baronia Anglic. Concentrataf vol. iii.
p. 369.) B. C.

Early English Printing and Presses. -^ In the
article " Printing," by Mr. J. C. Hansard in the
newly-issued vol. (xviii.) of The Encyclopcedia
Britannica, it is stated (p. 536.), " that some of
the letter used by English printers less than a
century ago are from matrices cut by Wynkyn
de Worde : nay, that the punches are still in exist-
ence." And again (p. 538.), " that the identical
press at which Milton's Areopagitica was printed
is still in existence, and was lately in the posses-
sion of Mr. Valpy, the well-known printer of the
Variorum Classics."

Can any of your correspondents state where
these interesting relics now are ? Typo.

Old Graveyards in Ireland. — I have heard it
stated that in some of the old graveyards in Ire-
land distinct portions are set apart, not only for
Tinbaptized children, but for persons who had died
of consumption. Is it the case ? And if so, in
what parts of Ireland is this strange distinction
observed amongst the dead ? Abhba.

JBarum Top. — Allow me to offer another bone
of contention to Messrs. Nichols and Skene !
At Halifax, in Yorkshire, is a street named
" Barura Top." Query, Whence derived in this
northern latitude ? N. S. Heineken.

Sidmonth.

Stonehenge. — At p. 29. of the late Rev. P.
Hall's account of Sarum (printed, 1834, as a se-
quel to his Picturesque Memorials of Salisbury,) is
the following note : —

" A curious work, comprising an account of the British
Islands prior to the invasion of Julius Caesar, has lately
been discovered in the possession of the Brahmins of
Benares. In this valuable treasure of antiquity, Britain
is called by a name which signifies the Holy Land : the
Thames, the Isis, and other rivers, bear similar titles
with those of the present day : and Stonehenge is de-
scribed as a grand Hindoo Temple! The Asiatic Society
of Calcutta are said to be preparing for publication a
translation of this interesting manuscript."

Can any of your readers supply information
upon this subject, or is it all fudge ? J.

Quotation wanted. — Tillotson, in his Sermon on
2 Peter iii. 3., writes : —

" I remember it is the saying of one, who hath done
more by his writings to debauch the age with Atheistical
Principles than any man that lives in it ; ' That when
reason is against a man, then a man will be against
reason.' "

To whom does Tillotson here refer ?

Salford.

Le Contrat Mohatra. —

Libya.

" Le contrat Mohatra est celui par lequel on achete des
etofies chferement et a credit, pour les revendra au mgme
instant a la meme personne argent comptant et h, bon
marchd" — Les Provinciates. Huitieme Lettre.

The following is the note of M. I'Abbe May
nard on the pass.age : —

" Le mot Mohatra est un mot barbare, ainsi que ses
synonymes Barata ou Stoco, mais fort usite en Espagne."

Could any of your correspondents throw any
light on the derivation of " le mot barbare"
Mohatra and its synonyms Barata and Stoco f Is
the word to be met with anywhere save in the
writings of Escobar and other "casuistes cele-
bres " of the Society of Jesus ? Libya.

Salford.

Residence within the Tower of London. — I shall
be glad to be informed whether, about the year
1700, a commissioner of the navy, or any officer
of the Mint, had ex officio residence, or apart-
ments, within the Tower. F. C. A.

Sir Thomas Laivrence : Linley. — I have in my
possession a light pen-and-ink sketch, which I
was told by my mother was done in her presence
when a girl by Sir Thomas Lawrence when he
was young and used to give lessons 'in drawing.
It is of a very stout lady, seated, with spectacles
on, and a fan in her hand. My informant stated
that it was a very good representation of a Mrs.
Linley, as she used to appear in her box at the
theatre. Can any one say, from the foregoing
description. If this was Mrs. Linley, wife of Mr.
Thomas Linley, formerly one of the proprietors

70

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d s. VIII. July 23. '69,

of Drury Lane Theatre? and if she was the
mother of Mr. Linley, the eminent violoncellist ?

C.J.

Cromwell and Scotland. — In Carlyle's Crom-
well (vol. ii. p. 245.) is an extract from Whit-
locke to the following effect : —

" I. William of the Wastle,
Am now in my Castle ;
And aw the dogs in the town
Shanna gar me gang down."

It appears that this was the reply, by the
governor of Hume Castle, to a summons by
Colonel Fenwick, one of Cromwell's officers, to
surrender.

Little Scotch boys of the present day play at
" King of the Castle," and sing —

"Hey! Willie Wastle !
I'm in your castle," &c.

Allow me to conclude with a Query. Was the
above message the original of the children's song?
or did the governor of Hume Castle parody a
rhyme used by the boys of the seventeenth cen-
tury in their games ? J. G. Morten.

Cheam.

Shelley and Barhamwick. — In the 23rd year of
the reign of Queen Elizabeth an action was
brought by one Nicholas Wolf against Henry
Shelley of Barhamwick in the county of Sussex.
In this action there was laid down by the counsel
a rule of law which was acquiesced in by the
Bench, and which, amongst le^al men, is known
as " the rule in Shelley's case, ' and is as familiar
in their mouths as " household words." I have
reason to believe that the defendant Henry Shel-
ley, who was a gentleman of large property in
Sussex, was an ancestor of the poet Percy
Bysshe Shelley, whose family belonged to that
county. Can any of your readers inform me if I
am right in my conjectures ? and also where-
abouts in Sussex is the manor of Barhamwick,
of which hitherto I have found no trace ?

w. o. w.

Shooting Soldiers. — In Rocque's Map of Lon-
don, published 1745, on the spot where the Marble
Arch now stands, is a small mark, and this in-
scription : " The stone where the soldiers are
shot." It seems to throw strange light on the
fondness of our ancestors for capital punishments.
Can any of your readers give farther information
on the subject ? and particularly why such a spot
should be ntarked by a stone ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

^'- An History of British Worthies.^* — In Bara-
tariana, 2nd edit., Dublin, 1773, p. 321., occurs
the following note : —

" To preserve the imperishable infamy of these de-
tested names (amongst many others equally illustrious,)
and to hand down to posterity in their native colours,

without diminution or impair, an ingenious gentleman is
now [1773] preparing for the press a work entitled, An
History of the British Worthies of Our Own Times. In this
will appear a full display of tho hallowed mysteries of the
monks of Bedmenham (^sic) Abbey, and some anecdotes
of the Beef -steak Club, never before published."

Was this work ever published ? and is the au-
thorship known ? W. B.

MS. Question in Paraphrase of Erasmus. — In
the church chest at Bacton, Norfolk, is a black-
letter copy of The Paraphrase of Erasmus upon
the Newe Testament, London, 1548. On the title-
page is written, in a handwriting nearly as old as
the book, —

" Man cam into the worlde

To ask that was not in ye worlde.

He gave yt him that had it not,

And God himself cam for it."

Then in a later writing, —

" You that can and will this reison showe,
I pray ye set it downe, that men may it knowe.
This was the question of a learned man ;
Wherfore I pray you all shew it yt can."

J. L.

County Voter's Qualification. — When was forty
shillings fixed as the annual value of property to
qualify a county voter ? and what proportion of
its then value does that sum bear to the like
amount now ? X. N".

Winh. — One of your contributors would oblige
me by explaining the meaning of the word loink,
as applied to the following names of places, viz.
Winkbourne, Winkfield, Winkhill, Winkleigb,
and Winkton ? E.

James Read, D.D. — Who was James Read,
D.D,, the author of an 8vo. volume published irt
London in 1737, and entitled An Essay on the
Simony and Sacrilege of the Bishops of Ireland,
pp. 221. ? and was he the author of any other
works? He speaks of himself as one of " the in-
feriour clergy." The book begins with a "Letter
to Primate Boulter," and is rather scarce.

Abhba.

Paintings at Vauxhall. — What has become of
the paintings which decorated the alcoves at Vaux-
hall, and which were said to have been, some the
work of Hogarth, others of Hayman ? Were they
ever engraved ? If not, does there exist any full
description of them ? M. N. S.

[From Timbs's useful Curiosities of London we learn,
" that the Gardens are well described in The Ambulator
(12tli edition, 1820), where the paintings by Hogarth
and Hayman are enumerated." And at p. 748., we are
told, that at the sale of the movable property in October,
1841, twenty-four pictures by Plogarth and Hayman pro-
duced but small suras : they had mostly been upon the

2nd s. VIII. July 23. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

71

premises since 1742; the canvass Avas nailed to boards,
and they were much obscured by dirt. The folIo^vi^g
are some of the prices which Mr. Timbs has recorded :
By Hogarth — Drunken Man, 41. 4s. ; A Woman pulling
out an Old Man's Grey Hairs, 31. 31. ; Jobson and Nell in
The Devil to Patj, 41. 4s. ; The Happy Family, 31. lbs. ;
Children at Play, 41. lis. Gd. By Hayman — Children
Birds -nesting, 5Z. 10s.; Minstrels, 3^. ; The Enraged
Husband, 41. 4s. ; The Bridal Day, 6/. Gs. ; Blindman's
Buft; 31. 8s. ; Prince Henry and Falstaff, 71. ; Scene from
The Rake's Progress, 9/. 15s. ; Merry-making, 1/. 12s. ;
The Jealous Husband, 41. ; Card Party, 6/. ; Children's
Party, 41. 15s. ; Battledore and Shuttlecock, U. 10s. ; The
Doctor, 41. 14s. Cd.; Cherry-bob, 21 15s. Two other
pictures, viz. The Storming of Seringapatam, and Nep-
tune and Britannia, sold for 8/. 10s. and 8/. 15s.3

Henry William Bunbwij. — There are occasion-
ally to be met with engravings (dated about the
middle of last century) of humorous sketches by
Bunbury. I may notice in particular the " Coun-
try Club," " Symptoms of Eating and Drinking,"
*' The Progress of a Lie," and " A long Story."
Who was this artist ? when and where was he
born ? and when did he die ? T.

[Henry William Bunbury, born July, 1750, was the
second son of the Rev. Sir William Bunbury, Bart., of
Mildenhall in Suffolk. He was distinguished at a very
early age by a most extraordinary degree of taste and
knowledge in the fine arts. The productions of his pencil
have, from his childhood, been the admiration and de-
light of the public. But though he possessed in this re-
spect a peculiar genius, he neglected no branch of polite
literature. He was a good classical scholar, and an
excellent judge of poetry. In 1771 he married Catherine,
daughter of Kane William Horneck, Esq., lieut.-colonel
in the armj' of Sicily, by whom he had two sons. Mr.
Bunbury died on May 7, 1811. See a short notice of him
in the Gentleman's Mag. for May, 1811, p. 501.]

" Scraping an Acquaintance.^^ — Could any of
your numerous readers inform me of the origin of
the phrase " scraping an acquaintance." I have
met with it in Irish stories very often, and have
also heard it used in familiar conversation ; hence
I presume there must be some peculiar origin
from whence it is derived. C. H. H.

[This low phrase no doubt originated from the practice
of scraping in bowing, so as to curry favour by obsequi-
ousness.]

Wrotham., co. Kent. — In the first part of the
Triie and Honourable History of the Life of Sir
John Oldcastle, the good Lord Cobham, ^c, 4to.
1600, an historical play " written by William
Shakespeare " (?), occurs the following remark-
able passage concerning the extent of this parish.
The parish priest and Harpoole, Lord Cobham's
serving man, are the interlocutors : —

" Priest. Wrotham, 'tis better then the Bj'shoppricke
of Rochester : there's nere a hill, heath, nor downe in all
Kent, but it is in my parish, Barham downe, Chobham
downe. Gad's hil, Wrotham hil. Black heath, Cockes
heath. Birchen wood, all pay me tyth,"

W^as the parish above mentioned ever so exten-
sive, or is this utterance mere braggadocio on the

priest's part, to Impress Lord Cobham's servitor
with a notion of his wealth and importance ?

W. J. Pinks.

[The parish of Wrotham is certainly very large, in-
cluding almost the whole hundred to which it gives
name. It is in the diocese of Rochester and deanery of
Shoreham, being one of the Archbishop of Canterbury's
peculiars. For farther particulars of this extensive parish
consult Hasted's History of Kent, the Bibliotheca Topogra-
phica Britannica, No. VI., Thorpe's Registrum Roffense,
and the Custumale Roffense,'}

Places in Surrey. — Can you tell me where
Eaton or Eton, Dunfold, and Flanchford respec-
tively are situate in this county ? N. H. R.

[We can spot two of them. Flanchford is in the dis-
trict of Santon, about two miles from Reigate to the
south-west. (Manning and Braj^'s Surrey, i. 304.) Duns-
fold is a parish near the borders of Sussex, adjoins on
the east to Bramlej', Alford, and Cranley; on the west
to Chiddingfold ; on the north Godalraing and Hascomb ;
on the south Alfold. — lb. ii. 59.]

English Translations of'''' Don Quixote" — X 2.
wants the titles of the English translations of
Cervantes' masterpiece. (^Navorscher, ix. p. 131.,
Qu. 178.)

[The list is too long for insertion : it will be found in
Bohn's ne^v edition of Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual,
art. "Cervantes."]

A Pair of Gloves -preferred to the Bible. — In
Bailey's Antiquities of London, 18mo. 1734, p. 153.
is a very curious notice of the parish church of
St. Benet Grasschurch : —

" At this church were the pictures of the nine worthies,
and amongst them King Henry VIII. standing with the
Bible in his hand, and verbum dei written upon it.
All these figures, anno 1555, were new beautified and
painted. But the Bible in King Henry's hand gave great
offence, and commandment was given that it should be
put out, and a pair .of gloves was pictured in the room of
the Bible."

Bailey's Antiquities Is a very Interesting book ;
but is this alteration in the portrait of King
Henry VIII. confirmed- by any other historian ?
Who were the " nine worthies ? "

George Offor.

[Three of the Nine Worthies of the World were Jews,
viz. Joshua, David, and Judas Maccabteus. Three were
heathens, viz. Hector of Troy, Alexander the Great, and
Julius Cassar. And three were Christians, viz. Arthur
of Britain, Charles the Great (Charlemagne) of France,
and Godfrey of Bouillon.]

BRITISH ANTHROPOPHAGI.

(2"^ S. vll. 497. ; viil. 36.)

You will pardon me for correcting your

Note on this subject. The Aeddan, not Aecldau,

of the ttymric Triads, and the Gododin of the

British bard Aneurin, was Aeddan ab Gavran,

72

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°«» S. VIII. July 23. '59.

King of the Dalraiad Scots, a J>. 607. He fought
at the battle of Arderydd (probably Alrdrie, near
Glasgow) in 577, as the ally of Gwenddoleu ab
Keidio, against Rhydderch Hael, King of Strath-
clyde. That battle was one of principles, and the
last eflfort of expiring Druidism to resist the ad-
vances of Christianity. Gwenddoleu represented
the old religion, of which the bard Merddin was
also one of the chief supporters, both in arm and
song. Rhydderch the Generous, with Drywen, son
of Nudd the Generous, and the sons of Eliffer (or
Oliver) "the large retinued," supported the Chris-
tian cause, and achieved a decisive triumph.

Neither the Triads nor any other Kymric docu-
ments attribute cannibalism to Aeddan ; but the
Triads connect something of the kind with the
North British chief Gwenddoleu, or rather with
two birds kept by him, and called Adar Llychwin.
Mr. Humphreys Parry (^Cambro- Briton, i. 441.)
translates this name brown birds ; but the words
mean rather " the birds of the White Lake ;" and
there is an independent legend connected with
them, which I send you herewith.

But though the Triads do not impute canni-
balism to Aeddan, nor directly to Gwenddoleu,
they do expressly impute it to Ethelfrith and the
Angles of Northumbria. I subjoin translations
of two of them : —

"Three heroes who were Bards performed the three
beneficent slaughters of the Isle of Britain, The first
was Gall, the son of Dysgyvedawg (literally Learning-
drinker), who killed the two Ederyii Llychwin of Gwend-
doleu ab Ceidio : there was a yoke of gold upon them ;
and they devoured daily two bodies of the Kj-mry at
their dinner, and two at their supper. The second was
Ysgavnell, the son of Dysgyvedawg, who killed Edelfled
(lege Ethelfrith), King of Lloegria, who required every
night two noble maidens of the nation of the Kymry,
and violated them, and the following morning he slew
them and ate them. The third was Difedel the son of
Dysgyvedawg, who slew Gwrgi Garwlwyd (literally the
Rough Grey Dog-man), that was married to the sister of
Edelfled, and committed treachery and murder conjointly
with Edelfled upon the nation of the Kymry ; that Gwrgi
killed a male and female of the Kymry daily and de-
voured them ; and on the Saturday he killed two of each,
that he might not kill on the Sunday. And these three
men, who achieved the three beneficent assassinations,
were Bards." — Historical Triads, Third Series, No. 46. ;
Myv. Arch. ii. 65.

This Sabbatarian cannibal was a degenerate
Briton. He had probably been taught by his
countrj'men to „" keep holy the Sabbath day ; "
but he became a cannibal in consequence of his
having associated with the Angles, as we are told
in another Triad, in which the names of Gwrgi
and Aeddan are conjoined : —

" The three arrant traitors who were the cause that the
Saxons took the crown of the Isle of Britain from the
Kymry. One was Gwrgi Garwlwyd, who, after getting
a taste for human flesh at the court of Edelfled, King of
the Saxons, liked it so much that he would eat- nothing
but human flesh ever afterwards ; and, therefore, he and
his men united themselves with Edelfled, King of the

Saxons, so that he used to make secret incursions among
the nation of the Kymry, and took male and female of
the young, as many as he ate daily. And all the lawless
men of the nation of the Kymry hastened to him and the
Saxons, where they obtained their fill of prey and spoil
taken from the natives of this Isle.

" The second was Medrawd (Modred), who with his
men became one with the Saxons, to secure himself the
kingdom against Arthur ; and by reason of that treachery
many of the Lloegrwys (i.e. the British Ligures) became
Saxons.

" The third was Aeddan the Traitor, of the North, who
gave himself and his men, within the limits of his do-
minions, to become Saxons, so as to be enabled to main-
tain themselves in usurpation and depredation under the
protection of the Saxons. And because of these three
arrant traitors, the Kymry lost their land and their
Crown in Lloegria (England) ; and if it had not been for
these treacheries the Saxons could not have gained the
island from the Kymry." — Triads, Third Series, No. 45. ;
Myv. Arch. ii. p. 65.

Your readers must form their own conclusions
as to the historical value and credibility of these
cannibal statements ; but the imputation against
Aeddan ab Gavran is erroneous. He certainly
was no partisan of the Angles ; and though he
sided with one party of Britons against another
at the battle of Airdrie, it is but justice to his
memory to bear in mind that he assisted the
Britons at the battle of Cattraeth (Catterick,
Yorkshire), in the great attack upon Ethelfrith
in A.D. 603.

It should also be observed that the third series
of Triads is the latest, and cannot claim a higher
antiquity than the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries.
The two other series, one probably as early as
the fourteenth century, present several variations.
Neither of them imputes cannibalism to Edelfled
or Ethelfrith (c/. No. 37., Myv. Arch. ii. p. 9.,
and No. 28. p. 13.) ; both reduce Gwrgi's allow-
ance to one-half; and the oldest doubles the
supper allowance of " the Birds of Gwenddoleu,"
which guarded his gold and silver. And indeed
there seem to be good grounds for absolving
Gwrgi also from the charge of cannibalism. He
is probably the same person as the " Twrch, a
grey-headed counsellor," named (v. 39.) by Aneu-
rin the contemporary of Ethelfrith. The bard
speaks of him in favourable terms, and commends
him for having come from Ethelfrith's camp to
ofler terms of conciliation, which were injudi-
ciously rejected. He also attributes to Twrch a
high reputation as a warrior, and implies that he
was more sinned against than sinning; and that
forcible dispossession of his lands by his coun-
trymen was the cause of his alliance with the
Angles.

These considerations weaken the force of the
Triadic statements, and render it necessary for us
to have much more conclusive testimony before
the imputation of cannibalism can be accepted.
Ethelfrith's depredations rendered him and his
memory, as well as that of his ally, justly hateful

2n* S. VIII. July 23. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

73

to the Britons ; but they lost the battle of Cat-
traeth through their own lamentable imprudence
in feasting the night before, and in having gone
to battle the next morning so helplessly intoxi-
cated that, as Aneurin says, " they fell headlong
from their horses ;" and the imputation of canni-
balism is probably only an indication of the bitter
hatred and intense chagrin of the descendants of
the vanquished Britons. The ghost of Ethelfrith
and Gwrgi may safely call Aneurin into court,
and appeal to the Gododin for their vindication.

The Cattraeth campaign was admirably planned,
and the battle would, I have no doubt, have been
fought successfully, more Romanoriim, but for
" the yellow, sweet, ensnaring mead." This battle
of Cattraeth is also the historical fact that under-
lies the reputed massacre at Stonehenge, with
which locality, however, the massacre, or rather
utter defeat, was in no way connected.

T. Stephens.

Merthyr Tidfil.

G. N., if he wishes for a series of works in
which this custom, and other degraded ones, are
alluded to, would do well to consult the fol-
lowing : —

Anderson's "Mission to Sumatra." (Blackwood &
Sons.) 184G.

" Anthropophagy amongst the Baltacks of Sumatra "
(reply to a critique in the Quarterly Review (No. 67.) on
the above work.) Q3Ialaeea Gazette, 17th and Slst July,
and 14th and 28th Aug. 1827.)

" Blackwood's Magazine," Aug. 1826.

" Quarterly Eeview," Nos. 67. 56. 26. 55.

Marsden's " Sumatra."

Humboldt's " Personal Narrative."

Rees's " Cyclopsedia."

Hawkesworth's "Voyages to the Southern Hemi-
sphere."

Myer's " Geography."

Finlayson's " Mission to Siam."

Lyon's " Private Journal."

Gamble's "View of Society and Manners in the North
of Ireland."

Good's " Book of Nature."

Field's " Geographical Memoir of N. S. Wales."

Gregoire, " des Sectes Religieuses."

Bowdich's " Asliantee*"

Mr. Ellis's " Sandwich Islands."

Rev. Mr. Marsden's " Mission to New Zealand."

Capt. Forrest's " Voyages."

Capt. Cook's ditto.

Bruce's, Salt's, and Pearce's " Abyssinia."

Mariner's " Tonga Islands."

Mi^Leod's "Voyage to Africa."

Crawfurd's " Indian Archipelago."

Works of Nicolo di Conti, 1449; Odoardus Barbosa,
1516 ; De Barros, 1563 ; Beaulieu, 1622 ; and Ludovico
Barthema, 1505.

" Researches into the Physical History of Man," by J.
F. Pritchard.

Miss Hamilton's " Popular Essays."

Heyne's " Letters on Sumatra."

Sir S. Raffles's " Minutes on the Singapore Institution."

Dr. Leyden, on the Languages, &c., of the Indo-
Chinese.

Maj, Canning, Envo3' to the States on the W. Coast of
Sumatra.

Messrs. Burton and Ward's " Mission to the Baltacks
in 1824."

Andrew Steinmetz's work on " Tobacco." (P. 124.)

" Fiji and the Fijians."

" Asiatic Journal " vol. xix. p, 94., Jan. 1825 ; and vol..
ix. pp. 457-8.

" Ledlie's Magdikine " (Agra), July, 1853.

I shall be happy for references to any other
works.

" The Andamans," Penang Gazette^ April, 1819^
is another reference.

T. C. Andehson,
H. M.'s 12th Regt., Bengal Army.

The writer of Biogi'aphical Memoir of the late
Charles Macintosh, F.R.S., Glasgow, 1847, refers
to the testimony of St. Jerome on the above sub-
ject, in a quotation from Gibbon, 8vo., London,
1797, vol. iv. p. 298., as follows : —

" There seems to be little reason to doubt that in more
remote times in this forest (which occupied the eastern
part of the present city of Glasgow) was situated the
capital of the ' Attacoti,' alluded to by Gibbon as a valiant
tribe of Caledonia, the enemies and afterwards the soldiers-
of Valentinian, accused by eye witnesses (Jerome, &c.)
of delighting in the taste of human flesh. When they
hunted the woods for prey, it is said that they attacked
the shepherd rather than his flocks, and that they curi-
ously selected the most delicate and brawny parts, both
of males and females, which they prepared for their
horrid repasts. If in the neighbourhood of the commer-
cial and literary town of Glasgow a race of cannibals has
really existed, we may contemplate in the period of
Scottish history the opposite extremes of savage and
civilised life."

And we may venture to add that nowhere
would the contrast appear more conspicuous.

G.N.

LILAC, STEINGA ; OR PHILADELPHUS.

(2"^ S. vii. 385. 460.)

Although the Rev. T. Boys and Mr. Gutch
have both replied to Mr. P, Thompson, the infor-
mation they have given, although quite correct
so far as it goes, may not perhaps be deemed
quite satisfactory by that gentleman.

In tracing the history of these names, it is only
necessary to refer to John Ray's Historia Planta-
rum, published in 1688 (vol. ii.). From it we
learn that both the Lilac and Mock-orange were
known by the name of Syringa, the former being
called Syringa ccerulea, the latter Syringa alba.
Also that the first was by some called Lilac, from
the Persian ; the other Philadelphus, a name given
to it by Athenaeus, a writer of the Alexandrian
school. Tournefort, in 1700, in his Institutiones
Rei Hei-baria, perceiving that these belonged to
different parts of his system founded on the corolla,
divided them into two genera, giving to one the

74

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d s. VIII. July 23. '69.

name Lilac^ to the other that of Syringa. This was
not judicious, as the last of these names appears to
have been originally given to the Lilac. Tourne-
fort gave figures, but botany was not then suffici-
ently advanced to enable anyone to draw up correct
distinguishing generic characters. Linnaeus, in
his Genera Plantarum, in 1737, restored the name
Syringa to the lilac, actuated partly by the word
lilac or lilag being Persian, and therefore, in his
estimation, barbarous and inadmissible in Latin ;
and the name PhiladelpTius to the mock- orange.
Lamarck and a few other French writers, adhered
to Tournefort's nomenclature ; but Jussieu, in his
Genera Plantarum (1 789), and De Candolle {Proclr.
jRegni Veg.) have abandoned it and followed Lin-
naeus. Everywhere else, in botanical works, Sy-
ringa is given ^to the lilac, and Philadelphus to the
mock-orange, which now forms the type of a na-
tural order (PhiladelphacecB), Syringa also becom-
ing the type of the Syringece, a group of the order
Oleacece. In England, and indeed in most Euro-
pean countries, the vulgar or florists' names are,
however, still modifications of those given by
Tournefort, probably from the plants being ob-
tained by cultivators chiefly from France.

In Bailey's Dictionary no such colour as lilac is
mentioned, but only " Lilach Tree, a shrub which
bears blue, white, or purple flowers." In Johnson's
Dictionary, and even in Walker's of 1823 (perhaps
in still later editions), lilach or lilac is applied
solely to the plant, not to any colour. The shrub,
therefore, cannot be held responsible for those
who have improperly restricted its name to one
only of the colours it exhibits. W. A.

CAMBHIDGE COSTUME.

(2"^ S. vil. 74. 384.)

I have read with much interest the carefully
compiled lists which have appeared in " N. & Q."
relative to the several hoods as worn by Cam-
bridge graduates, and the letters of remark and
correction thus called forth. I wish, in the hope
of obtaining farther information, to miention the
liberty I consider a large majority of Cambridge
men must possess, of continuing the white lining
of the M.A. hood, where the party never was a
member of the Senate, and consequently has never
been entitled to vote, either in the White or the
Black-hood House. Many members of the Uni-
versity, as soon as they have taken their Bache-
lor's degree, remove their names from the college
boards ; replace them when they incept, and as
soon as admitted M.A. take them off again ; nor
can such persons thenceforth be members either
of the Regent or the Non-regent House, without
residing three consecutive terms, to regain a right
to vote in the Senate. Those M.A.s therefore

who have never been non-regents seem to have
no title to the black hood denoting non-regency,
even at the expiration of five years from their
commencing M.A.; and surely in such case may
(as many do) retain the white lining : and even
with greater reason ; such being not only sig-
nificant symbolism, and a beautiful relief to the
black of the M.A. habit, but also in many locali-
ties a very desirable distinction between regularly
educated graduates and the ten years' men, who
on becoming B.D. assume the black hood, such
as regent iM.A.s wear.

I am familiar with matters of Cambridge cos-
tume from frequent conversation on that subject
with my old vicar, whose experience as tutor of
his college and proctor in his day, will take ray
notices back nearly a century, and therefore I
venture to mention a few Cambridge "Notes"
referring to the subject under discussion ; they
may interest some of your readers, and obtain
for us additional information.

The rose-coloured lining is peculiar to the de-
gree of D.D. when the ermine cope is not re-
quired to be worn ; the shot silk you describe
(though the difference has been sometimes ig-
norantly overlooked) to the Doctors of Law and
Physic. A velvet cap, called a " Monmouth cap,"
with band and tassels of gold cord, appertains
also, and exclusively, to these lay doctors. Their
ordinary silk gowns differ in shape from the gowns
of Divinity or Arts ; that of L.L.D. is plain ; that
of M.D. trimmed at the sleeve with figured velvet
binding. In the University the Doctors, if divines,
wear the scarf, and in consequence chaplains who
may be resident there are understood to refrain
from using this special mark of their position, out
of courtesy to the higher degree. I recollect one
exception, when a chaplain preached in his turn
at St. Mary's, and appeared in a scarf; it was
considered irregular, and called forth remarks.
Your correspondent does not enlarge upon the
hood " flourished," though he well explains the
hood " squared." The latter is a sort of full
dress worn by any M.A., Vice-Chancellor, Proc-
tors, and I believe Taxors. T^e hood " flourished"
signifies not merely that it is pendant in chance
folds, but that the peaked position of iho. lines is
folded over till it touches the flat half of the hood
which covers the back ; so that if the hood were
applied to its original use, the frontlet of the
*' head gear " would be the white edging. The
shape of the Oxford M.A. hood does not admit
of being " flourished " thus ; and the too common
practice of putting on a Cambridge hood after
the Oxford fashion produces an unseemly depth
of material issuant from the back of the wearer,
assuming the appearance of a pair of wings, or
else a perfectly flattened pendant, to speak he--
raldically, " party per bend argent and sable."
London clergy dressers arrange all hoods thus.

2°<iS.VIII. July23. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

75

Cambridge men of llie old school " flourish the
hood " before it is put on.

As regards another point : B.A. and S.C.L.
wear the same liood (sheep skin the trimming,
and the material not silk, is the " regulation pat-
tern ") ; the latter the full-sleeved gown. L.L.B.
the white-lined hood ; in this case certainly without
any change to black, because an L.L.B. never can
be a Non-regent, and has no vote in either house ;
the distinction of Regent and Non-regent cannot
apply to him. My old friend was a coteraporary
of Powell, and Farmer, and Beadon, Waring,
CoUignon, Cole of Milton, &c. &c. I will men-
tion a few more n,otes I can supply from the
winter evening's chat round the vicarage study
fire of the days long past, in reference to these
matters I am writing upon. The slit in the
sleeve of the Cambridge B.A. gown was by suf-
ferance, and for the convenience of dining ; not,
as now, the distinctive mark whereby to discern
the Cambridge man from the like grade at Ox-
ford. No B.A. would, in days of yore (had the
Proctor been of his college) have appeared with-
out gown looped up at the elbow, either in hall
or at chapel. The person to whom I have al-
luded was the originator of a move which per-
mitted all undergraduates to wear the square ca2)
as at present. Up to that date (probably about
1770) some of the colleges used " the Monmouth
cap " till the undergraduate took his B.A. degree.
This explains the allusion in the Gradus ad Can-
tahrigiam : —

" My head with ample square cap crown.
And deck with Hood my shoulders."

This privilege was obtained by a petition. The
collegians met, summoned by a circular from one
of the Monmouth cap undergraduates. The silk
gown now so generally assumed was then con-
fined to noblemen graduates, honorary M.A.s,
and the Public Orator ; all others used only
prince's stuff, fine cloth, or bombazine.

The B.D., wearing a non-regent habit, was yet
distinguished as of superior grade, by his cassock
as a divine, fifty years back at the chancellor's
levee, or on presenting an address to the throne ;
this peculiarity was carefully observed.

To revert to the former portion of my paper.
If the white lining cannot with propriety be re-
tained by those who so habited were admitted
M.A., and have never become Non-regents or
black hoods, it follows that every Cambridge
M.A. of five years' standing may be confounded
with an Oxford B.D., a Cambridge B.D. (if I am
a cassocked priest), a Cambridge ten years' man,
a Durham B.D., a Dublin B.D., and should Mr.
GuTCH be correct (but that I doubt in this case),
a Cambridge L.L.B. These remarks may call
attention to this-anomaly ; if habits are to be in-
telligible, indications of a man's rank and univer-
sity, he does not indeed lie under the imputation

of " wearing garments to deceive ; " but if any
one desires to know the truth, he must ask the
wearer of the plain black hood, in shape and
material common to six or seven different gradua-
tions.

If Oxford gives the D.C.L. crimson lining to
her masters, why should not our Alma Mater
concede to us either our unpretending white in
perpetuity, or the brighter rose-colour betokening
our university fraternisation with the divinity
colours of Cambridge. Distinctions of regent and
non-regent are unknown beyond Trumpington :
why should the difference of habit be obligatory
upon any who are anxious to escape the in-
consistency of a " discrimen obscurum " so evi-
dently confessed on all hands, and which, to a
certain extent, the continuation of the regent
white lining would correct ? E. W.

3Sit}flitS to :^m0r ^xxtvit^,

Michael Di'uytons Poems, Lijrick and Pastorall
(2""^ S. vii. 457.). — In Bibliotheco Heheriana, part
4., No. 629., a copy of this rare work occurred,
with the following note : —

"It seems to have been printed in or about 1G05, to
complete the reprint of Drayton's Works which still
wanted his Pastorals, first printed in 1593, under the title
of Idea. Here they are found, though altered and im-
proved most materially, and by way of novelty Drayton
added twelve Odes, and a Poera called the Man in the
Moon. But one other copy of this edition is known, and
it was sold recently among Mr. Caldecott's Books. He
supposed it to be the only copy extant."

In Caldecott's Sale Catalogue (No. 321.), the
note to the article in question runs thus : —

" First Edition of these Poems, and probably the only
copy extant : they were evidently printed about the year
1605 ; but they were all omitted in the subsequent col-
lected Octavo Editions of the author's Poems, appearing
for the second time in the folio edition printed by W.
Stansby (1619). The edition appears to have been un-
known to Eitson, Warton," &c. &c.

Although perfect copies of this edition of Dray-
ton's Poems are of the greatest rarity, imperfect
ones seem to be comparatively common. The late
Mr. Singer possessed one ; I am the owner of an-
other, and your correspondent J. H. W. C. has a
third. Mr. Singer's copy wanted a great portion
of the latter part ; my copy ends abruptly before
the conclusion of " The Eight Eglog ; " but the
copy possessed by your more fortunate correspon-
dent, wants only a leaf or two at the end of " The
Man in the Moone." Edwakd F. RiMBAfLX.

Cardinal Howard (2"^ S. viii. 53.) — Philip
Howard, afterwards cardinal, was admitted a fel-
low commoner of S. John's College, Cambridge,
4 July, 1 640, but took no degree.

C. H. & Thompsois Coop£R.
Cambridge.

76

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n'i S. VIII. July 23. '59.

Watson Family (2""^ S. viii. 10.)— Although I am
unable to answer your correspondent 2. ©., the
following Information may be new and interesting
to him and to other of your readers.

1. Watson of Malton, co. Ebor, claimed to be
of the Rockingham family. He had issue

II. 1. John Watson. 2. Pleasance Watson.
John Watson, a solicitor, is buried at Malton.
He married Hannah Bagwith of Whitby, coheir of
a good Yorkshire stock. Her father was a lawyer,
and his picture was, and probably is, at Bilton.
They had

III. 1. George Watson of Bilton Park, near
Knaresborough, where he is buried. He married
Clementina Sobieski, daughter of Sir Thomas
Kennedy, and niece to the Earl of Cassilis. They
died s. p.

2. John Watson died unmarried, buried at
Knaresborough.

3. Elizabeth Watson, coheir, died 4th Nov.
1798, set. eighty-nine. Buried at Beverley. Mar-
ried the Rev. W. Ward, A.M.; educated at Thorn-
ton Grammar School and Sidney Sussex Coll.,
Cambridge; fifteen years master of Thornton,
and seventeen years of Beverley ; resigned 1768 ;
died 5th Nov. 1772, set. sixty-three; buried in
St. Mary's church, Beverley. He was also rector
of Scawby and perpetual curate of Yeddingham,
and the author of an English Grammar, and of

translations from Terence. His mother, Pen-

nuch, was heiress of Broughton, a small estate sold
by his son John Watson to his brother-in-law
Robinson of Houghton-Ie-Spring. Their children
were numerous. The eldest representative I be-
lieve to be Charles Ward of Chapel Street, Lon-
don. In one of Mr. Ward's letters he speaks of
his " cousin Baird."

4. Jane Watson married Dixon of Bever-
ley.

5. Hannah Watson married Wingfield of

Hull, and had issue.

6. Margaret (or Mary) Watson married John
Farsyde of Fylingdale, co. Ebor. She had Bilton,
and left Issue. " One-eighth a Watson."

Athenasum Club.

I beg to inform 2. 0. that Bilton Park, Bilton-
wlth Harrogate, in the parish of Knaresborough,
is the seat of the family. I cannot give him any
precise information respecting " Jane Watson,"
but have no doubt the registry at Knaresborough
will give the information he requires.

The following extract from Hargrove's History
of Knaresborough, 5th edit., 1798, maybe inter-
esting to him : —

" From the family of Stockdale this estate (Bilton
Park) passed by sale to that of Watson, John Farside
Watson being the present possessor. This gentleman is
descended from John Farside of Farside, in Scotland,
who came into England in the reign of James the First,
and was made bow-bearer in the forest of Pickering, in

the county of York ; he chiefly resided at Filingdale in
Whitby Strand, and bore for his arms, gules, a fess or,
between three bezants."

The mansion is at present the residence of Miss
G. Farside Watson. Chas. Forrest.

Lofthouse, Wakefield.

Grave Diggers (2"'^ S. vii. 475.; viii. 39.) —Mr.
PxESSE will find the following In a work called
Marvellous, Rare, Curious, and Quaint (Ward &
Lock, 1 859), edited by Edmund Fillingham King,
Esq. M.A., at p. 211.: —

" Frances Barton of Horsley, Derbyshire, died in 1789,
aged 107. She was a midwife for eighty years. Her hus-
band had been seventy years sexton of the parish. They
used to say that she had twice brought into the world,
and he had twice buried (or taken out of the world, I
suppose,) the whole parish."

Probably some reader of " N. & Q." knows the
sexton's age. It must have been an advanced one.
T. C. Anderson,
H.M.'s 12th Regiment, Bengal Army.

NatJianiel Ward (2''^ S. viii. 46.) — Nathaniel
Ward, born 2 Jan. 1605, was of King's College,
Cambridge, but not on the foundation. He pro-
ceeded B.A. 1623-4, and commenced M.A. 1627 ;
was vicar of Staindrop in the county palatine of
Durham, and was slain fighting for the king at
Milium Castle in Cumberland, 1644. He was a
very learned and estimable person. See as to
him, Darrell's Life of Basire, 25-35. ; Surtees's
Durham, iv. 139, 140.; Raine's North Durham,
351.

Nathaniel Ward, the prebendary of Lincoln,

was of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, B.A.

1631-2, M.A. 1635, D.D. by royal mandate, 1661.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

" Urban" as a Christian Name (2°* S. viii. 11.)
— The origin of this name is evidently Roman.
We find it, indeed, in the Greek Testament,
'Affirdaacrde Ohpfiaviv. But the Apostle Paul is here
writing to Rome, and the Vulgate gives us the
same name In its Latin form : " Salutate TJrha-
nuni" (Rom. xvl. 9.) As In baptism the surname
of the sponsor sometimes becomes the Christian
name of the child, this may account for the use
of Urban as a Christian name, without looking
farther. But even If this were not the case, the
mere fact of our finding the name in the New
Testament, especially as It is apparently employed
to designate a believer, would account for Its use
in Christian baptism, just as in the case of Mat-
thetv, Peter, Timothy, Tabitha, Lydia, 8fc. As a
surname. Urban is Illustrious In Its connexion with
Sylvanus, which began with the year 1731 ; Ur-
ban also occurs in the London Directory for 1858
and 1859. . Thomas Boys.

Scotch Paraphrases (2"^ S. vii. 358.) — Mr.
Husband (2°" S. vii. 483.) does not seem to be

2'>'' S. VIII. July 23. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

77

aware that, although some of the paraphrases
claimed by the Rev, Dr. Mackelvie for Michael
Bruce may have been written by him, and only
altered by Logan, others were composed, as I
have been informed, before either of these were
born, and only slightly modified by each in his
own way. The late Itev. Principal Lee of Edin-
burgh, I believe, satisfied Dr. Mackelvie of this,
but not till after he had published his Life of
Bruce in 1837. Had another edition been called
for, Dr. M. would in all probability have modified
some of his statements. The late Principal Lee
had acquired more correct information on such
points than any other of the present century ; and
although willing to communicate when requested,
has, it is understood, left behind him little to afford
a clue to others. W. A.

Knights made hy Cromwell (2"^ S. viii. 18. 31.)

— In Harl. MS. (6146.) is a trick of the arms of
one of Cromwell's knights : " Collonell S"" Tho.
Pryde knited per y^ Protector Oliver, 1657."

Gu. on a chev. between 3 lions' heads, erased
arg. two eels naiant respecting each other. Crest.
A lion's head erased or, between two palm
branches disposed in orle vert. Cl. Hopper.

Richard Pepys (2'"i S. viii. 46.) — The Richard
Pepys born 1643 was no doubt son of Richard
Pepys of Ashen in 4he county of Essex, by Mary,
daughter of John Scott of Water Belchamp in the
same county. He is said to have been a student
at Cambridge, but his college has not been as-
certained. He ultimately settled at Warfield,
in Berks, and died at Hackney in May, 1722.
The Pepys of Pembroke Hall, B.A. 1662, was
named Robert. C. H. & Thompson Coopee.

Woodroof {Asperula odorata) (2""^ S. viii. 13. 35.)

— Having carefully compared a specimen in my
herbarium, gathered at the Okelei Lake, in the
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, province Eutin, with
a British one gathered at Brixton, I find that there
is no material difference in them, except that the
German Waldmeister grows in general a little
larger than our British woodruff. S. K.

Inn Signs by Eminent Artists (2"*^ S. vii. 522.) —
The city of Norwich affords another instance in
addition to that given by Mb. Woodward. The
elder Crome, who commenced life as a house-
painter, painted a sign for " The Sawyers" in St.
Martin's. After doing duty for several years, it
was taken down by the owner of the house, the
late Peter Finch, Esq., and by him carefully pre-
served till the time of his death, some seven or
, eight months since. Mr. Finch's personalty being
dispersed on that event, the present writer has
lost all farther traces of it. T. B. B. H.

"■Englishry" and '^ Irishry" (2"-^ S. viii. 12.)—
These words, employed by Lord Macaulay and

queried by your correspondent, are terms recog-
nised in our language ; and both of them may be
found in Wright's excellent Universal Pronouncing
Dictionary. " L-ishry, the people of Ireland."
" Englishry" is the modern representative of a
very old word. "Englecarie, Englicherie, Engle-
seyre. [Old law term] the being an Englishman."
(Bailey, Die. Britan.) In Cowel's Law Dic-
tionary may be found a full account of the word
in its legal sense, under the various forms of
" Englecery, Englechery, Englechire, or Eng-
lishery, in Latin, Engleceria." Thomas Boys.

Rev. Richard Lu/kin (2"* S. viii. 53.) — AVe
doubt not that he is identical with Richard Love-
kin of Jesus College, Cambridge, who commenced
M.A. 1615. The statement that he lived to 110
seems to us highly improbable.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Water7narhs in Paper (2"^ S. vi. 434. 491.; vii.
110, 265.) The Illustrirtes Familien- Journal
(Ister Band, No. 276. s. 159.) brings home to
Suabia the invention of making paper from linen
rags, and says it was first put into practice by the
Hollaein family of Ravensburg. The oldest docu-
ment on this kind of paper is dated a. d. 1301.
Now, as the Holbein arms bore a bull's head, we
find this symbol imprinted as watermark in all
the paper from the old Ravensburg mill. And
in Pomerania, in Friesland, in Paris, in Bohemia,
records are extant, written on this so-called bull's-
head-paper, the oldest linen paper existing, Faust
and Schoeffer used it to their first impressions.
On many sheets we also find a clapper or rattle,
such as, in olden time, the lepers carried, to warn
the approaching wayfarers of their dangerous
neighbourhood. Tliis symbol is related to the
Holbein Hospital for Lepers at Ravensburg, to
which a part was assigned in the Flatterbach
papermill. From the identical family sprang the
two painters Holbein, of whom the last became
one of the greatest ornaments of the German
School. The town of Ravensburg to this time
has kept on with paper-making.

From the Navorschers Bijblad* for 1853, pp.
xiv. and xv., it however appears that linen-paper
was already known in the twelfth century. Thus
the question arises, does the paper from before
1301 exhibit a watermark ? and, if not, does not
the mark only denote a progress in paper-making ?
For, if the first query could be replied to aflirm-
atively, we should have the means at least to guess

* The Navorsclier's Bijblad, or Appendix to the Navor-
scher, was started in 1853, in order to receive the subse-
quent answers to questions which had already been treated
in the Navorscher. Thus more room was given in the
mother-paper for going on with fresh subjects, and, at
the same time, an opportunity was opened for once more
reverting to an old subject and more fully elucidating
what had been said.

78

KOTES AND QUERIES.

[2^'i S. VIII. July 23. 'of

the dates of such documents as are on water-
marked paper, but are dateless. The honour,
ascribed to the Holbein family, seems to deserve
clipping in so far that its members have only
been the inventors of maldvg ivatermarks in paper.
Did I guess aright ? J. H. van Lennep.

Zeyst, July 14 1859.

John Allivgton (2"'' S. viii. 46.) — John Ailing-
ton was of Queen's College, Cambridge, B.A.
1625-6, M.A. 1629, rector of Uppingham, and
vicar of Leamington, a good preacher, and author
of several works. We know not the date of his
death, but hope through the medium of your co-
lumns to obtain it. C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Tooth and Egg Metal, Tutenag (2'"^ S. vii. 478.
519. ; viii. 38.) — The transmutation oHutenag into
tooth-and-egg, as recently sot forth in the pages of
" N. & Q.," is a very amusing instance of what
our vernacular can effect ; but what is the word
tutenag itself? Some say it is Portuguese, some
Chinese, some Indian.

If your correspondent, who tells us that tutenag
is " Indian, as its derivation shows," will only
trace this derivation to our satisfaction, and tell
us to what Indian language he refers it, we then
can convince ourselves, and of course there will
be no room for farther controversy upon the sub-
ject ; but whether this can be done remains to be
seen. As to the Chinese origin of the word tu-
tenag, this is so far from according with the
views of Dr. Morrison, that in his English- Chinese
Dictionary that learned lexicographer gives us
tutenag as an English word, for which the Chinese
is pih-yiien.

My reasons for preferring, in the present state
of the question, a Porfo^yese .derivation for tute-
nag, are briefly these. What we now call Ger-
man silver, which is one of the many alloys that
have been termed tutenag, does not appear to
•have been made in Europe till about the com-
mencement of the present century ; and some
of us may well remember its inti:oduction into
this country under the name of albata. But
various alloys, resembling in their appearance
German silver, and known by the name of white
copper (Weiss-Kupfer} were made in Germany
long before. The Portuguese, meeting with a
similar article in their early commerce with India
and China, would at once be struck with the re-
semblance ; and, speaking in their own language,
would naturally call it prata I'eutonicu (German
.silver). Teutonica thus becomes the trade name
of the eastern article ; and in due time comes
back to Europe, transmuted into tutenag.

Tutenag is also called tiitenago (Encyc, and
Beckmann) and tutenaga (Moraes). These last
two forms represent the Portuguese masculine
and feminine : — metal Teiitonico, m., (German

metal) ; prata Teutonica, f., (German silver).
Teutonico, Teutonica; hence Tutenago, Tute-
naga — Tutenag.

The Chinese pih yuen, already mentioned, has
experienced in its passage to Europe the still
more extraordinary transmutation into pachjyn
and pakfong ! Thomas Boys.

Orchestra at Handel's Commemoration : the
Bassoon (2"'' S. vii. 370.) — It seems surprising,
in looking over the list of instruments, to fiiul
such a predominance of bassoons — 2.5 to 21 vio-
loncelli — while at the Philharmonic at the pre-
sent time we have but 2 bassoons to 8 celii ; or
four times the number. At the Sociele des Con-
certs at Paris there are 4 bassoons to 8 celli,
and the quality of the bass is much improved, and
the reeds of the oboe and clarinet better balanced.

Still stranger is the list of the orchestra given
by Mr. HcsK (p. 290.), where they are 7 bas-
soons to only 2 " violinchelloes." It would be
very interesting to the musical antiquary if the
readers of " IST. & Q." would, from time to time,
contribute lists of the orchestras on different great
occasions ; the comparison would, I believe, turn
out to be very curious. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

" Night: a Poein' (2"^ S. viii. 11.) — A. D. is
doubtless correct as to the matter of fact ; but I
suspect the poem, the authorship of which was in-
quired after by a previous correspondent, was one
bearing the same title, and published anonymously
by the' late Ebenezer Elliott, and will be found
among his collected Works. '■'Night," said the
Monthly Reviewer, " is in the very worst style of
ultra-German bombast and horror." A dictum,
which, like some of the earlier criticisms on
Wordsworth — if read by the light of subsequent
productions — few, if any, of the admirers of the
" Corn Law Rhymer," will consent to indorse.

J. H.

Nostradamus : " Cinq Mars" (2""* S. viii. 50.)
— In the Middle Ages the French word marc^ was
not unfrequently written mar. The word signi-
fied, too, not only a certain amount of money, but
a weight, of eight ounces: consequently Cinq
Mars (five marks) will be equivalent to Quaranta
onces (forty ounces). Hekbt T. Riley.

In answer to the question of F. Z., the pun,

Quarante onces, consists in the fact that the old

French " marc d'argent" being equivalent to eight

ounces, '■'■cinq mar(c)s" was or were equal to

forty ounces. Gustave Masson.

Harrow.

PegTankard (2"'^ S. vii. 434.)— This peg tankard
evidently belonged to a Pomeroy, but, as to date,
who can assign one without ocular inspection ?

V. R.

2n<> S. VIII. July 23. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

79

Pregnane}] a ground of Reprieve (2"'' S. viii. 29.)
— The ground for the "reprieve" under the cir-
cumstances respecting which Ache inquires, was
that bare humanity forbade the extinction of a
guiltless life, along with that of the criminal. But
the following, from Hudibras (Part iii. canto i.
11. 883, 884.), will show that the " vulgar error"
(if it be one, in the strict sense of the term), is of
wide spread and long standing : —

" Who, therefore, in a strait, may freely
Demand the clergy of her belly."

B. B. WOODW^KD.
Haverstock Hill.

Bull and Bear (2"^ S. vii. 585. &c.) — Your
correspondent has probably mistaken ray mean-
ing. I do not say that the terms were not known,
but he will pardon if I doubt still whether they
were very generally used. Swift, it is true (loc.
cit.), says Curll sold the Thirty-nine Articles to
the Jews, who converted him " for a Bull ; " but
here it is evident the phrase applies to the trans-
action, and not to the person. Again, it is very
curious that in Foote's Mayor of Garratt (written
in 1763), although one of the principal characters
is a stockbroker, and though, on account of his
bearishness, he is called Bruin, yet there is not
the slightest allusion to Bulls and Bears in con-
nexion with the Stock Exchange throughout the
piece ; and, when we think how irresistible a
pun always was to Foote, it seems impossible to
believe that these phrases were familiar to him.
I hope your correspondent Mr. Wylie will not
lose sight of the subject. It is not only curious
in itself, but, as he suggests, it may assist us much
in judging how far to rely on Horace Walpole's
knowledge, or rather affected ignorance, of things
of the day. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

John Bedmayne (2""* S. viii. 46.) — John Red-
mayne was of Caius College, Cambridge; B.A.
1644-0, M.A. 1648, D.D. by royal mandate, 1661.
In the printed Graduati he is called Redman, and
his college is not given.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Herhert Knowles (2°* S. viii. 55.) — Herbert
Knowles was born at Gomersall, near Leeds, in
1798. Brother of J. C. Knowles, an eminent
barrister on the Northern Circuit, and Q. C.
Destined for the ledger at Liverpool ; was placed
in the Grammar School at Richmond ; lauded by
Montgomery in " The Christian Poet." Died at
Gomersall, Feb. 17, 1817. He left behind him a
manuscript volume of poems, the earliest of which
was published in the Liteixiry Gazette for 1824.
His " Three Tabernacles " is a fine composition. —
Carlisle's Hist, of Endoxved Grammar Schools.

J. S.

John Heylin (2"* S. viii. 46.) — John Heylin
was of Emmanuel College, Cambwdge, B.A.
1622-3, M.A. 1626. C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Sflt3cenauc0tiS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Camden jUiscellany, Volume the Fourth. (Camden
Society.)

The volmnes of The Camden 3Iiscellany have always
been among the most popular of any issued by the
Society; and our readers may judge from the curiosity
and interest of the contents of the present volume how
far it is likely to equal its predecessors in the favour of
the Members. It contains seven articles : — I. A London
Chronicle during the Reigns of Henry VII. and Henry
VIII., edited from the Original 3fS. in the Cottonian Li-
brary by Mr. Hopper. II. The Expenses of the Judges of
Assize riding the Westerri and Oxford Circuits temp.
Elizabeth, 1596^1601, from the MS. Account Book of
Thomas Walmysley, One of the Judges of the Common
Pleas, edited by Mr. Durrant Cooper. III. The Skryce-
ner's Play : The Incredulity of St. Thomas ; from a MS,
in the Possession of John Sykes, MI)., of Doncaster,
edited by Mr. Collier. IV. The Childe of Bristow, a Poem
by John Lydgate, edited, from the Original MS. in the
British Museum, by Mr. Hopper. V. Sir Edward Lake's
Account of his Interviews luith Charles I., edited by Mr.
Langmead. VI. The Letters of Pope to Atterbury ichen
in the Tower of London, edited by Mr. J. G. Isichols.
And the last article is, VII. Supplementary Note to the
Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell in March,
1627-8, edited by Mr. J. G. Nichols, who contributed the
original paper on the subject in the second volume of
The Caniden Miscellany.

Diary of the 3Iarches of the Royal Army during the
Great Civil War, kept by Richard Symonds; now First
Published from the Original MS. in the British Museum.
Edited by Charles Long, M.A. (Camden Society.)

This Diary of an officer who, at the outbreak of the
Civil Wars, joined the Royal standard — and who, during
the various operations in which he was engaged, seems
never to have lost sight of his ruling passion — the love
of topography, genealogy, and heraldry — but to have
marched, note-book in hand, ready to jot down whatever
he saw in old churches or mansions illustrative of his
favourite studies, has long been known to antiquaries as
a valuable record of much that is now lost, and which but
for Symonds' notes would be altogether forgotten. Parrj-,
Shaw, Hutchins, Nichols, L3'sons, and Walpole, have all
made use of the original MS. This is now placed at the
service of all interested in the pursuits which occupied
the attention of Richard Symonds ; and their thanks are
due to the Camden Societj' for undertaking the publica-
tion of this curious volume, and in an especial degree to
]Mr. Long for the trouble bestowed on its editorship. We
ought to add, that it is accompanied by that great essen-
tial to a work like the present — a full and well-compiled
Index of Names and Places.

The Quarterly Revieiv, No. 211., July, 1859. (Murray.)
The present Quarterly, if somewhat less political than
usual, is, if possible, more varied and amusing. Its only
political article. The Invasion of England, is devoted to
the important subject which is at last engaging, as it
ought to have done long since, the attention of all par-
ties, the defences of the country. The Progress of Geology,
and The Islands of the Pacific, are articles calculated to
interest the man of science. Two capital biographical

80

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2n«» S. VIII. July 23. '59.

sketches are furnished on the subject of Erasmus and
Burgon's Life of Tytler. A pleasant gossipy paper on
Annals and Anecdotes of Life Assurance balances another
on Mr. Chappell's valuable history of Popular Music of
the Olden Time, and the number is completed by one of
those graphic and well-written sketches of the English
counties which have formed features of the later Quar-
terlies — Berkshire, " the royal county,", forming the sub-
ject of the present paper.

Bentley^s Quarterly Review. No. IL July. (Bentley.)
Bentley's Quarterly flushes its crimson banner boldly
before the whole army of litterateurs, as if ready to break
a lance with all or any of them. The present number is
strongly political, having no less than three articles on
subjects of political interest — The Faction Fights; France;
and The Campaign in Italy. The interests of Art also re-
ceive especial attention in the present number, in two
articles devoted to The Dramas of the Day and The Art
Exhibition o/1859. The Rev. Mr. Bellew, Mr. Spurgeon,
and the Rector of Winchilsea furnish materials for an in-
teresting paper on Popular Preaching. Philosophical
minds are catered for in an article on Modern German
Philosophy. Mr. Ross's excellent edition of Lord Corn-
wallis's Correspondence is the subject of a capital article
as much on Ireland as on Lord Cornwallis ; nor must we
omit to notice a well-written paper on Adam Bede and
other recent Novels.

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Histort op Zoophytes.

Porcopine's Works, 12 Vols.
Barlow's Coldmbiad. ■Ito., witli plates.

BURCKHARDX'S ARABIA. 4t0.

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Howell's State Trials. Vols. XXII. to

Drayton's Works. 8vo. Vol. III.

Fox's Speeches. 6 Vols. Boards.

Fielding's Works. 10 Vols. 8vo. 1821. Boards.

Smollett's Works, by Moore. 8 vols. Boards.

MoRERi, Grand Dictionnaire. 10 Vols. 1759.

Wanted by C. J. Skeet, 10. King William Street, Strand, W. C.

Robert Nelson's Works Epitomized. 2 Vols. 12mo. 1715.

Christian Sacrifice. The 17th and 18th editions.

Practice op Tbde Devotion. Any edition before

1716.

Instructions for them that come to be confirmed

BT WAY op Qdestion AND Answbb. Any editiou beforc 1712.

. Earnest Exhortation to Housekeepehs to set up

the Worship of God in their Families. The 1st edition (the 2nd
was in 1702).

Whole Duty of a Christian, by way op Question

and Answer ; exactly pursuant to the Method of the Whole Duty of
Man. 1st edition. 1704.
PuTTicK and Simpson's Catalogue of the Collection op the Auto-
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Moore, Esq. On fine paper, 24 plates. 1856.

Wanted by Rev. C. F. Secretmi, 10. Besborough Gardens, Westminster.

Among other articles of interest lohich will appear in our next or fol-
Imting number, we may mention Sir O. C. Lewis on The Lion in Greece;
List of Wrtters in Foreign Quarterly Review! Molly Mog; and a Paper
on Junius.

E. L. in the 2nd vol. of our Ist Series, Mr. Singer suggested that " tJte
Bar of Michael Angela alluded to his protuberant brow, which seen in
profile projected almost beyond tlie nose.

X. N. Our correspondent has overlooked an aHicle on the use of the
word" Reverend" in our 1st S. vi.246.

Mslnotte. for a mode of computing cousinship, see 1st 8. v. 342.

Erratum. — 2nd S. viii. p. 55, col, i, 1, 24. for " numbers " read " nim-
bus.''

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TOR

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Contents of No. 165. — July 16th.

NOTES : — Archbishop Leighton's Works — Caxton : Pinson, &c., by
B. H. Cowper — Rob Ker and the Fashions of 1719 _ Probation
Lists of Merchant Taylors' School, by Rev. Charles J. Robinson, M.A.

— Henry IV., by Philip Phillipson— A Mussulman's View of Eng-
land : A Fragment — Andrew Marvell's Letter to John Milton, by
CI. Hopper.

Minor Notes : — Gat- toothed — Nomination of a Member of Parlia-
ment by a Bishop — A Snuff-box of the First Napoleon — Dutch Gun-
founts for a King of England in 1413— Riding-coat : "Redingote" —
Eliot Warburton.

QUERIES : —Elizabethan Poems in Sion CoUege.

Minor Queries : — Meaning of " Cadewoldes " — Harpoys et Fysshe-
ponde " — Antiquities at Wrexham — Nostradamus — Miller's " Lec-
tures on the Greek Language " — " Rem acu tetigisti " —Irish Stamps

— Chatterton Manuscript — Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery — James
Thomson — Adenborough — Birth and Death- years of British and
American Authors — The Pretender— Sacheverell.

Minor Queries with Answers:- Cardinal Howard, &c. — "To sleep
like a top " — Re v. Richard Luf kin — Coal , when first used in England
for Domestic Purposes —Elizabeth Woodville.

REPLIES : - " The Style is the Man Himself." .

Replies to Minor Queries : — Figures of King Henry VI. — Herbert
Knowles — Wife of Archbishop Palliser — The Gulf-Stream and Cli-
mate of England — Cromwell's Children—Catalogue of Shakspeariana

— Barnstaple: Barum— Elizabeth Long —Hill; Harley; Jennings

— Special Licences — John Jones — Aldrynton, &c .
Notes on Books, &c.

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Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 3/. 13s. 6d. clotli ; and

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Now Complete.

POPULAR MUSIC OF THE OLDEN TIME.
ACollectionof Ancient Songs, Ballads, and Dance Tunes, illus-
tratmg the National Music of England. The Airs arranged chrono-
logically, and in modern notation, with notices from Dramatists and
other writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Also Introductions to the
various Reigns, and a short account of the Minstrels, by W. CHAP-
PELL, F.S.A. The Airs harmonised by G. A. MACFARREN. In
Two Vols., imp. 8vo., hot pressed, with fac-similes of Manuscripts, SiC,
■21. 8s. ; also Parts 16 and 17 (double part), 6s.

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2»* S. VIII. July 80. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

81

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 30. 1859.

N». 187. — CONTENTS,

NOTES : — The Lion in Greece, by Sir O . C. Lewis, 81 _ " Molly Moe,"
34 — Kelp, 81 — Napoleon '8Esear)e from Elba, by H. D'Aveney, 86.

Minor Notes: — Lord Howe — Harry-Sophister- Errors in Debrett

Original of the Faust Legends — Faber v. Smith, 86.

QUERIES: -Letters of Cranmer and Osiander: Richard Smith's Book
Sale, 1632, 87— Ulphilas, 76.

Mmon QtTKBiEs : — Gloucestershire Churches — Dundalk Accommoda-
tion— Harding Family — Scutch Mills in Ireland— Story of Marshal
Turenne — Revivals of 1810 — Brathwaite — Sir Stephen Jenins, Lord
Mayor of London in 1508 — Booksellers' Lists — Greek Word — Lady
Arabella Denny— Earldom of Melfott - St. Patrick's Ridsies — En-
caustic Paintings at Pompeii— "The Parliament of Pimlico" and
"The Olio"— Aborough or Borough Family — Gilbert Burnet, M.A.
_ Othello by Hauff, &e., 88.

Minor Qiteries with Answers: — Pandy — Rev. Thomas Hanison

Route Map of Switzerland— R. Roxby and J. Shield, 89.

REPLIES :— Dean Conybeare's "Elementary Lectures," by J. H.
Markland, 90- "Andrew Marvell's Letter to John Milton," by K.
Carruthers, 7?j. — Classical Cockneyism, 91— Celtic Remains in Ja-
maica, by J. H. van Lcnnep, &c., 91.

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in England- Calverley Family —" Baratariana " — Rev. George
Holiwell — Inn Signs by Eminent Artists — John St. Lowe — County
Voters' Qualification- " The Dance of Death," &c., 93.

Notes on Books, &c.

THE LION IN GREECE.

9

The lion is frequently mentioned by Homer in
descriptive similitudes; in such a manner as to
show that he was well-acquainted with the habits
and appearance of the animal ; whether his know-
ledge was acquired in Asia Minor, in Northern
Greece, or in the Peloponnesus (see Heyne, vol.
vii. p. 265. ; Lenz, Zoologie der Alien, p. 126.).

The Greek mythology on several occasions re-
presents the lion as an inhabitant of Greece. The
Nemean lion inhabited a cavern with two mouths,
in Mount Treton, between Mycense and Nemea.
Its destruction was one of the twelve labours of
Hercules (Pans,, ii. 15. 2.; ApoUod., ii. 5. 1,;
Diod. iv. 11.), who is related to have accomplished
this feat by the unaided strength of his arms, and
without the aid of any weapon (Eur. Here. Fur.,
153. ; Nonn., xxv. 176.). Admetus, king of
Pherae, loved Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias : her
father promised to give her to the man who should
harness lions and wild boars to the same chariot.
Apollo enabled Admetus to fulfil this condition,
and Admetus married Alcestis (Apollod., i. 9. 15.).
Adrastus, king of Argos, in obedience to an ora-
cle which ordered him to marry his daughter to a
wild boar and a lion, gave Deipyle to Tydeus, and
Argea to Polynices, because they bore respec-
tively the images of those animals on their shields
(ApoUod., iii. 6. 1.).

It seems that the Macedonians, unlike the other
Greeks, had the custom of not erecting a trophy
after a victory. This custom was explained by a
story that Caranus, the mythical king of Mace-
donia, erected a trophy in commemoration of a
victory over Cisseus, a neighbouring king; and

that it was overturned by a lion which descended
from Mount Olympus (Pans., ix. 40. 4.). It
was also related^ that the son of Megareus, king of
Megara, was slain by a lion from Mount Cithaeron ;
whereupon the king promised his daughter, and
the succession of his kingdom, to whoever should
kill the Cithaeronian lion. This feat was accom-
plished by Alcathous, son of Pelops; who, when
he succeeded to the throne, built a temple at
Megara to Diana Agrotera and Apollo Agrseus
(Paus., i. 41. 4.). A similar sacred legend related
that Diana caused Phalaecus, tyrant of Ambracia,
to be killed by a lioness when he was hunting.
In memory of this benefaction, by which they re-
covered their liberty, the Ambraclots erected a
statue, with a brazen lioness, to Diana Agrotera.
(Antonin. Lib., c. 4.) This story is repeated,
with variations, under the name of Phayllus, in
^lian, N. A., xii. 40. ; Ovid, Ibis, v. 504.

Tame lions and wolves, who had been meta-
morphosed from their human forms by the art of
Circe, likewise guarded the palace of the en-
chantress (Horn. Od., X. 212.).

The story of a lion in the island of Ceos is a
mere etymological fable, intended to explain the
local name Leon (Heraclid. Pont., Pol., 9.). A
gigantic statue of a lion is still preserved in this
island. The lions on the gate of Mycenae are of
great antiquity ; but the occurrence of this ani-
mal in works of early art cannot be considered as
evidence of his presence in the country : sculp-
tured lions occur more than once in connexion
with Etruscan tombs, and there is no reason to
believe that the lion ever existed in Italy, except
when, in the imperial period, he was imported
from Africa for the combats of the amphitheatre
(Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. pp. 49. 251.).

With respect to the presence of the lion in
Northern Greece in the year 480 b.c, Herodotus
gives the following precise account, in describing
the advance of Xerxes through Thrace and Mace-
donia, before the battle of Thermopylse : —

" Xerxes and bis army marched from Acanthus
through the interior to Therma; and while he was on
his way through the Pseonian and Crestonian territories
to the river Echidorus, his camels, which carried corn,
were attacked by lions. These animals, leaving their
usual haunts, came at night and preyed on the camels,
but touched no man and no other beast. It appears mar-
vellous that the lions should have abstained from other
animals, and should have selected the camel, which they
had never seen or tasted. In this region there are nu-
merous lions, as well as wild oxen, whose horns, of im-
mense size, are imported into Greece. The country in
which the lion is found, is bounded by the river Nestua,
which runs through Abdera and the river Achelous in
Acarnania. Lions occur between these two rivers; but
they are never seen in the portion of Europe to the east
of the Nestus, or on the continent west of the Achelous "
(vii. 124-6.).

The country where the camels in the army of
Xerxes were attacked by lions is clearly desig-

82

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<» S. VIII. July 30. '59.

nated by Herodotus. It is the upper part of the
Chalcidic peninsula, between the maritime towns
of Acanthus and Therma. Though near the sea,
several high mountains, fitted for harbouring wild
beasts, adjoin it. JElian states that the prefer-
ence of the lion for the camel's flesh is known to
the Arabs : he conjectures that it is an instinctive
desire, independent of experience, and thus at-
tempts to obviate the difficulty suggested by
Herodotus (Nat. An., xvii. 36.).

For purposes of scientific 'reasoning, it would
be necessary to know the facts respecting the
attack of the lions on the camels of Xerxes with
greater detail and precision than they are re-
ported by Herodotus, or could indeed have been
ascertained by him after an interval of thirty or
forty years. But there seems no reason (with
Col. Mure, Hist, of Lit. of Gr. vol. iv. p. 402.) to
discredit the account altogether ; and still less to
disbelieve his distinct statement that in his own
time the lion was found in the wild and moun-
tainous region of Northern Greece, extending
from the river Nestus in Thrace, through Mace-
donia, Thessaly, and iEtolia, to the river Ache-
lous. Aristotle makes precisely the same state-
ment, in illustration of the rarity of the lion,
(H. A. vi. 31.) and he afterwards repeats it in
illustration of the local distribution of species, {ib.
viii. 28.) The scientific character of Aristotle's
researches en natural history gives great weight
to his testimony. As he was a native of Stagira,
and had resided in Macedonia, he may be sup-
posed to have had opportunities of verifying it ;
and we cannot assume that he blindly followed
the account of Herodotus, although at an interval
of about a century he defines the range of the
lion by the same two rivers. Aristotle corrects
a physiological error of Herodotus in //. A. iii.
22. ; Gen. An. ii. 2., and an error in the natural
history of fish in Gen. An. ii. 2., in which latter
passage he calls the historian 'HpSboros 6 ixvdo\6'yos.
It is therefore highly improbable that this in-
quisitive, sceptical, and accurate philosopher
should have taken the other fact upon trust.
(See Rawlinson's note on Herod, il. 93.) The
statement of Aristotle as to the occurrence of
the lion between the Nestus and Achelous is
repeated, with full belief, by Pliny, N. H. viii.
17. It is likewise reproduced by Pausanias, vi. 5.
3. in connexion with the exploits of Polydamas, an
athlete of immense strength, who was victor in
the pancratium in the 93rd Olympiad (408 b.c).
Pausanias states that lions were at that time
found on Mount Olympus ; and that Polydamas,
emulating the achievement of Hercules at Nemea,
slew a lion on that mountain without any weapon.*

* Curtius (viii. 1.) states that Lj'simachus, while
hunting in Syria, had an encounter singl_v with a lion,
and succeeded in killing it, though he was sevei'ely
wounded in the left shoulder. This occurrence, he thinks,

Other marvellous feats of this Polydamas are
recounted by Pausanias, on the truth of which no
reliance can be placed ; but they were inscribed
on the base of his statue at Olympia by Lysippus.
(See also Suidas in noXuSa^of.)'

A fabulous story of two parent lions punishing
a bear for the slaughter of their cubs, by the as-
sistance of a woodman, on Mount Pangasum in
Thrace, is told by ^lian (N. A. iii. 21.) on the
authority of Eudcmus. It is uncertain to what
writer of this name .^lian refers. It may be ob-
served that Pangaeum, though an uninhabited
mountain region, fitted for the abode of wild
beasts, lies east of the Nestus, the limit fixed for
the lion, in this direction, by Herodotus and Ari-
stotle.

Xenophon, writing about 380 b.c, states In his
treatise on Hunting, that lions, leopards, lynxes,
panthers, bears, and other similar beasts, are
caught in wild districts near Mount Pangjeum, on
Mount Cissus to the east of Macedonia, on Mount
Olympus in Mysia, on Mount Pindus, on Mount
Nysa beyond Syria, and on other mountains
capable of supporting them. (Cyneg. c. xi. § 1.)
From the manner in which different sorts of wild
annals and different places are thrown together
in this passage, it is impossible to assign any one
animal to any one locality. There is no reason
to suppose that the leopard or panther was ever
found in Europe ; but it may be fairly inferred
that Xenophon intended to describe the lion as
occurring in some of the mountains of Northern
Greece. Mount Cissus was close to Therma, and
lies exactly upon the line of march followed by
Xerxes, when his camels were, according to
Herodotus, attacked by lions. The extent of
wild country on the- Myslan Olympus is men-
tioned by Strab. xii. 8. 8. Of a Mount Nysa-
beyond Syria nothing is known except from this '
passage. It may be observed that, in point of
time, Xenophon is about halfway between He-
rodotus and Aristotle. Herodotus was born in
484, Xenophon about 444, and Aristotle in 384

B.C.

Some poetical allusions confirm the idea that
the Greeks of the historical age believed in the
existence of the Hon in their northern highlands.
Thus Pindar, in his third Nemean Ode, repre-

gave rise to the fable of Lysimachus having been ex-
posed to a lion by the command of Alexander. The
fable of his having been shut up with a lion, and having
mastered it, is related by Plin. N. H. viii. 21. ; Paus. i.
9. 5. Justin saj's that Lj'simachus thrust his arm into
the lion's mouth, and killed the animal by tearing out
its tongue (xv. 3.). According to Plut, Detn. 27., L}'si-
machus showed the marks on his legs and arms, of his
supposed encounter with the lion, when he was shut up
with it by order of Alexander. M.-inius Acilius Glabrio,
who was consul with Trajan in 91 n.c, was compelled
by Domitian to fight as a gladiator with a large lion,
and succeeded in killing it. (Die Cass. Ixvii. 14.)

2««» S. Vlil. July 30. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

83

sents the youthful Achilles as hunting lions and
wild boars in Thessaly (v. 46,), and in his ninth
Nemean, he describes the nymph Cyrene as
wrestling unarmed with a lion on Mt. Pelion (v.
26.) Euripides, in a choral passage of the Al-
cestis (v. 580.), speaks of Apollo when he became
the slave of Adraetus, and tended his flocks,
being accompanied by the lynxes, which came to
hear the music of his lyre, and by the lions from
the woods of Othrys. Callimachus also mentions
lions on Mount Pelion, and on Mount Tmarus
near Dodona in Epirus. (Del. 120., Cer. 52.,
where see Spanheim's notes.)

The presence of the lion in ITorthern Greece,
during the historical period, appears likewise to
be indicated by those writers who expressly re-
mark that it was not found in Peloponnesus, as
Theocrit. Id., xxv. 183., and iElian, N. A., iii. 27.
The argument of the latter, founded upon Od.
vi. 104., is, however, of no force, as is remarked
by Nitzsch, Od., vol. ii. p. 102. Polybius, in cor-
recting the mistatements of Timseus respecting
Africa, says that the elephant, the lion, the leo-
pard*, the antelope, and the ostrich, abound in
Africa ; but never occur in Europe (xii. 3. 5.).
Whether the lion was extinct in Northern Greece
in the time of Polybius (204 — 122 b.c), or whe-
ther he was ignorant of its existence in that re-
gion, is uncertain. Dio Chrysostomus, however,
states that in his time (about 80 — 100 a.d.) there
■were no lions in Europe, and that this apimal had
become extinct in Macedonia and other parts of
Europe, where it had formerly been found. (Or.
xxi. § 1.) Agathion, a man of great height and
strength, who lived in the time of Herodes Atti-
cus (104 — 180 A.D.), and was popularly called his
Hercules, complained that he could not emulate
one of the exploits of that mighty hero, because
"there were no longer any lions in Acarnania"
(Philostrat., Vit. Soph,, ii. 1. 15.). It will be ob-
served that the territory designated by Agathion
as the former home of the lion agrees nearly with
the determination of Herodotus and Aristotle,
who carry it as far as the river which bounds that
country to the east. It may be added that the
piythical story respecting Phalsecus, or Phayllus,
tyrant of Ambracia, represented him as having
been killed, when hunting, by a lioness.

The Italian mythology contains no allusion to
the lion, and there is no reason to suppose that
he ever was an inhabitant of the Italian peninsula,
not even of the Alps. The boast of Virgil with
respect to Italy may be taken as the expression of
a certain fact from the earliest times.

" At rabidse tigres absunt et soeva leonum
Semina." Georg. ii. 151.

* Leopards were called by the Romans Africans, from
tlie country which furnished them to the Roman amphi-
theatre. (See Plin. viii. 17., and the commentators on
Suet. Calig. 18.)

The extirpation of the lion in Northern Greece
may be compared with its extirpation in Palestine
(see Winer, Bibl. R. W. in Lowe), and with the
extirpation of the wolf in the British Isles. The
mention of the " Caledonian bear " in an epigram
of Martial (Z)e Spect, 7.), is not however suffi-
cient to prove that the bear was ever a native of
Britain. The ideas of the ancients respecting the
origin of wild animals brought from foreign coun-
tries were often vague and inexact. Thus the
tiger is frequently called Hyrcanian ; though he
never was a native of the shores of the Caspian,
and in ancient as well as in modern times was not
found to the west of the Indus. Mr. Paley (ad
Prop., iii. 10. 21.) states that the lion was once
found in our island : but there is no reason to
suppose that this animal ever inhabited any part
of central or western Europe ; although the iVi-
belungen lied represents Siegfried as hunting the
lion on the banks of the Rhine.

The lion appears to have become extinct in
Syria, Asia Minor, and Northern Greece. In
other regions this animal, though not extinct, has
become rare, where he was anciently common,
Buffon says that the race of lions is daily dimin-
ishing in Northern Africa. The Romans, says
Shaw, derived from ^Libya, for the use of the
games, fifty times more lions than could be found
there at present. Lacepede remarks that the liou
has much diminished since twenty centuries iu
Southern Asia, in the mountains of Atlas, in the
forests near the great desert of Zaara, and in the
different countries adjoining the north of Africa
(see NouD. Diet. d'Hist. Nut., tom. vi. pp. 82-3.)

The abundance of lions in Northern Africa in
antiquity is proved by numerous testimonies. Thus
Diodorus describes the multitude of lions in Ethi-
opia, and he states that many cities of Libya had
been depopulated by lions from the desert (iii. 23.
30. 43.) .^lian represents a Libyan nation, called
the Nomajans, to have been extirpated by lions
(ZV. A., xvii, 27.). The abundance of lions and
panthers in Mauritania is remarked by Strabo
(xvili. 3, 4.), who states that the Nomads of
Northern Africa were originally prevented from
cultivating the soil, and driven to a wandering
life, by the multitude of wild beasts (ii. 5. 33.).
Horace characterises Africa as the nursing mother
of lions : —

" Nee JubiB tellus generat, leonum

Arida nutrix." — Carm. i. 22.

The large number of lions exhibited at the
games of the Roman amphitheatre, which must
have been almost exclusively procured from Africa,
proves the comparative frequency of this animal
in ancient times in that country. It will be ob-
served that the wild beasts exhibited at these
artificial hunts *, or combats, were all killed, and,

* Concerning the venationes in the Roman circus, see
Panvinius de Ludis Circensibus, ii. 3, in Groev. Thes,

84

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. VIII. July 30. '5P.

therefore that the same lion did not appear on
successive occasions. Pliny informs us that Sylla,
when Praetor, exhibited 100 lions with manes in
the fiji;hts of the circus ; that afterwards, Pompey
exhibited 600, of which 315 had manes ; and
Caesar, 400. (JV. H., viii. 16.) The number of
lions exhibited by Pompey is stated by Dio Cas-
sius at 500 (xxxix. 38.) It seems that Sylla was
the first to exhibit the lions loose in the arena ;
previously to his time they had been tied up, and
had been killed without any risk to the assailant.
The lions in question were despatched by javeli-
neers, who had been sent by Bocchus, king of Mau-
ritania, from which region the animals themselves
had probably been procured (Sen. de Brev. Vit.,
c. 13.). Strabo likewise mentions that the Ro-
mans procured the slayers of wild beasts from
Mauritania, on account of their experience and
skill (ii. 5. 33.). Gerraanicus exhibited fights of
200 lions in the Hippodrome (Dio Cass., Ivi. 27.) ;
300 lions were slain with javelins by the body-
guards of Nero (7&., Ixi. 9.) ; 100 lions and 100
lionesses were slain in the time of Adrian (/&.,
Ixix. 8). The emperor Marcus Antoninus ex-
hibited 100 lions in the amphitheatre, all of which
were killed by arrows (Jul, Capitol, in M. An-
tonin., c. 17. ; Eutrop., viii. 6.). In the time of
Gordian there were sixty tame lions at Rome (Jul.
Capitol, in Gord, 33.). The emperor Probus
exhibited 100 lions and 100 lionesses in the games
of the circus (Vopiscus in Prob., 19.).

Other accounts describe the total number of
animals killed ; but without specifying the species.
Thus Titus is stated, at the dedication of his am-
phitheatre, to have exhibited in one day 5000
-wild animals of all sorts (Suet. Tit. 7. ; Eutrop.
vii. 14.). Dio Cassius describes 9000 tame and
wild animals as being slain on this occasion (Ixvi.
25.). At the games celebrated by Trajan in 107
A.D., after the termination of the Dacian war,
1100 tame and wild animals are stated to have
been killed (Dio Cass. Ixviii. 15.). Seven hun-
dred animals of all sorts, including lions and
lionesses, were slain at an exhibition of Severus
(Dio Cass. Ixxvi. 1.). The number of panthers
exhibited on different occasions is likewise worthy
of notice, as these animals were procured from
Africa. Thus Augustus is reported to have ex-
hibited 600 panthers at the dedication of the
theatre of Marcellus, all of which were slain for
the amusement of the people (Dio Cass, liv. 26.).
Augustus himself states, in the Monumentum
Ancyranum, that he had given twenty-six exhibi-

Bom. Ant., vol. ix. p. 375. ; Becker, Handbvch der Rom.
AH., vol. iv. p. 522. 6G6. ; Rheinisches Museum, vol. x.
(1856) p. 563.

The combatants, who despatched the wild beasts, were
called "confectores feravum " (Suet. Oct., 43.). The first
venatio of )ions and panthers was exhibited in the Roman
circus iu 186 b.< . (Livy, xxxix. 22.)

tions of panthers in the circus or forum or amphi-
theatres, at which about 3500 were killed (p. 34.,
ed. Zumpt). It may be true, as Dio remarks
(xliii. 22.), that these numbers are likely to have
been exaggerated : but after all due allowance for
exaggeration has been made, it must be admitted
that the number of lions and panthers exhibited
at a single festival by the Romans far exceeds the
number which could be procured from the same
countries at the present day. Zimmermann, cited
by Camus, in his notes to Aristotle's History of
Animals (p. 482.), attributes the diminution of
lions in Northern Africa to two causes. 1. The
large number killed by the Romans. 2. The use
of fire-arms.

The wild animals in the Roman provinces were
preserved, in order that they might be taken alive,
and transported to Rome for the sports of the
circus. A law of Honorius, of the year 414 a.d.,
addressed to Africa, permits Romans to kill lions,
but not to hunt or to sell them (Cod. Theod. xv. 1 1 .
1. ; Cod. Just. xi. 44.). Claudian, in his poem on
the Second Consulship of Stilicho (vv. 237. sfjq-),
describes at length the process by which wild
animals were collected from various regions for
the fights of the amphitheatre, and conveyed to
Rome. Africa is specified as the country from
which lions are procured, and these animals are
described as brought in ships across the Etruscan
sea.

Grimm, Reinhart Puchs, p. xlvi., remarks that
the importance of the part played by the Hon, as
king of beasts, in the w^sopian fable, renders the
European origin of this class of fiction suspicious.
But it is to be remembered that the lion was
a native of Syria, and of the interior of Asia
Minor; that in the age of iEsop he was still found
in Northern Greece ; and that his name and habits
were familiar to the Greeks from the Homeric
poems. On the other hand, the tiger, which was
unknown to the Greeks until the age of Alexan-
der, never appears as a character in the ^sopian
fables. The most ancient fable in which the tiger
bears a part is that of Avianus (Fab. 17), who
probably lived about the fifth century.

G. C. Lewis.

MOLLY MOG.

The Quarterly Review has, of late years, usually
had a pleasant article on one or other of the coun-
ties of England; and, in the number jifst issued,
Berkshire is celebrated. On the traveller's pre-
sumed arrival at Wokingham, the writer ob-
serves : —

" Of course he will put up at the Eose Inn, and order
his dinner in the parlour where Swift and Gay and
their company caroused one wet da}', and wrote the song
of 'Molly iMog' in tiieir cups. John Mog, the father of
the fair maid of the Inn, was then landlord of the Ro.se,
and had two daughters, Molly and Sally, of whom Sally

2°'» S. VIIL July 30.

.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

9S

was in fact the cruel beauty, and the subject of the song.
But the wits were too far eone to distinguish ; and so the
honor, if honor there be, nas clung to Molly, who, after
all, died a spinster at the age of 67."

All this is very pleasant; but the Rose Inn at
Wokingham, kept by the Mogs, bad more tradi-
tions than the writer seems to have been aware
of; it had its room called Pope's room, its chair
called Pope's chair, and there was an inscription on
a pane of glass in Pope's room said to have been
written by Pope. But when I was at Wokingham,
two or three years ago, what had been the old Inn
was the great mercer's shop ; and in the necessary
process of adaptation, had been so dismantled and
changed, that a cupboard only could be found
which had once stood in Pope's room ; and the
mercer, in answer to inquiries after the pane of
glass, said there was some of the glass taken out
of the old window still in a garret, but he was not
aware that there was any writing on it.

The true old Rose Inn — the present mercer's
shop — was situated next door to the Bush Inn,
and was last kept by the sister of Mrs. Lane of the
Bush. An old inhabitant told me that she re-
membered that " Molly Mog," with some verses
underneath, was written on the old sign. What
had become of Pope's chair, or of the old sign, I did
not learn ; but it strikes me as probable that they
passed as a part of the stock-in-trade to the new
Rose, which is situated on the opposite side of the
market-place.

The assertion that Sally was the beauty, and
that the " wits were too far gone to distinguish,"
and thus Molly became the immortal, was told
half a century since by Lysons ; but no authority
was given, and it is contradicted, I think, inferen-
tially, by the announcement in the Gentlemanti
Magazine — Deaths, 1766, March 7 — " Mrs. Mary
Mogg, at Oakingham : she was the person on
whom Gay wrote the song of ' Molly Mogg.' "
Farther, one at least of the wits must have known
the sisters intimately, and was not likely to fall
into such an error. Wokingham, or Oakingham,
was the nearest town to Pope's residence : his
letters were addressed to Binfield, near Oaking-
ham. The Rose was the inn he must have fre-
quented, whether he went there on foot or on
horseback, on pleasure or on business ; and that
he did go there frequently might be inferred from
these circumstances, and is confirmed by the tra-
dition which gives us Pope's room and Pope's
chair. Lysons farther tells us that Edward
Standen, of Arborfield, " is said to have been the
enamoured swain' to whom the song alludes."
Lysons must mean, I suppose, that the poet wrote,
or affected to write, in the character of Standen.
Was Standen the curate of Wokingham, or of
some adjoining parish? — a mere inference from
one touch of the humility of the " enamoured" : —
" To be sure she's a bit for the Vicar,
And so I shall lose Molly Mog."

Is there any evidence that Swift, whom the
writer in the Quarterly makes one of the party at
the Rose, was ever either at Wokingham or at
Binfield ? M. M.

Barilla or Barrilla was a Spanish name given
to several species of the genera Salicornia, Sal-
sola, Suceda, Chenopodina, and their allies, some of
which were at one time extensively cultivated in
Valentia ; their ashes, after being burned, yield-
ing the Barilla of commerce. Some countries
preferred one species ; others another.

Kelp, on the other hand, is obtained solely by
burning sea-weed : the best for soda being the
"cut-weed," and principally Fiicus vesiculosus;
the best for iodine being the " drift-weed," such
as the species of Laminaria. Can any of your
correspondents inform me when, where, and by
whom the idea of manufacturing kelp arose, and
what gave rise to the name itself? It is useless
to consult such incorrect compilations as Loudon's
various works, or any modern popular works,
where Kelp and Barilla are often confounded on
account of the similarity of produce after combus-
tion ; nor can I rely on any modern works on
Materia Medica, except Pereira'a and Christison's,
and these throw no light oo the precise point.
Algological books, although alluding to the manu-
facture during last century, are also silent as to
its origin. The late Dr. Patrick Neill of Edin-
burgh, under the article " Fuci," in the Edinburgh
Eiicyclopcedia, edited by Brewster, states as fol-
lows : —

" The making of Kelp from sea-weed was practised in
France and England for more than half a century before the
manufacture was introduced into Scotland. Mr. James
Fea of Whitehall in Stronsay was the first person in
Orkney who (about 1722) exported a cargo of Kelp;
he sailed with it himself to Newcastle ; and his success
in the enterprise soon aroused the attention of the Orca-
dians."

Is there any evidence that kelp (i. e. the article
from sea- weed) was ever manufactured on the coasts
of England as above stated ? or that it has been so
in France before the present century, when iodine
was prepared from it ? * From Dr. Neill using
the tautological expression, " kelp from sea- weed,"
I have reason to suspect that he has confounded
the French Barilla or Soude with kelp ; but as to
England Barilla could not be meant. What, then,
was it which was manufactured in England half
a century prior to 1722 ? Under the influence of

• As soda is now prepared almost entirely from sea-
salt, " cut-weed" kelp, which was so much valued during
last century, is rarely to be see% in the market at the
present day ; while "drift -weed kelp is still, on account
of the iodine it yields, manufactured in thenorth of Ire-
land and west of Scotland, whence it is imported into
Glasgow to a large amonnt.

86

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'» S. VIII. July 30. '59,

the Gulf-stream, Fucus vesiculosus could have been
obtained in suflBcient abundance in the North and
West of Ireland, although I do not know that it
was burned there for kelp till the beginning or
middle of last century. Is there then a mistake
as to England ?

As to the name, I am aware that celp is now a
Gaelic word for kelp, but I cannot trace its root
to that language, and it seems to be merely the
English appellation with a Gaelic orthography (c
being pronounced as k in English) : the genuine
Gaelic expression is luath feamnach^ literally, ashes
of sea-weed. Can kelp be connected with the
name of the person who first discovered it ?
Perhaps some of your readers about Newcastle
may be able to unravel the subject, as kelp seems
to have been first or principally used there.

W.A.

NAPOLBOM S SSCAFE FROM ELBA.

The following short sentence from Rogers's Re-
collections is, in the absence of the vol., extracted
from the Athenccum for June 18, 1859, p. 799. : —

" When Buonaparte left Elba for France I (the Duke
of Wellington) was at Vienna, and received the news from
Lord Burghersh, our minister at Florence. The instant
it came I communicated it to every member of the Con-
gress, and all laughed ; the Emperor of Russia most of
all."

This, coupled with the manifest desire of your
correspondents to obtain the exact time at which
the tidings detailing the particulars of the crown-
ing victory at "Waterloo arrived in England,
prompted the desire to forward the following ver-
sion, though differing in many essential points
from the one quoted above. It may not have ap-
peared in print, but it has a wide circulation in
England as well as upon the Continent.

It is well known that, at the time Napoleon
landed, the monarchs of Europe were assembled with
their ministers at Vienna. The King of Saxony,
who had too closely allied himself to the fortunes
of the falling Emperor, and for his own interest
too closely adhered to that alliance, was forbidden
to approach that capital ; but, as circumstances
rendered it necessary that some conferences should
be held with him, he was directed to -take up his
abode at Presburg.

To this city the ministers "of the three great
powers repaired, probably to decide on that mon-
arch's future destiny. The chateau assigned for
their residence was small ; the Prince of Rohan,
who was attached to the French minister, could
only be accommodated with a temporary bed in
the large salle. At one end of this salle was a
room in which slepfc the Duke of Wellington ;
at the other end was the apartment occupied by
the Prince Metternich, and beside the salle was
the dormitory of the Prince Talleyrand.

The arbitrators had retired to rest on the night
of the memorable lltli of March, — a rest fated to
be both suddenly and violently disturbed by an
event pregnant with the destinies of the world.
The Prince of Rohan, an early sufferer, was
aroused from his sleep by the words — " Rohan^
take this to Talleyrand." Unable for a moment to
shake off his lethargy, the words were repeated
! with increased emphasis. "Take this to the Prince
\ Talleyrand, he must see it directly." By this time
j the astonished attache was enabled to collect him-
' self sufficiently to discover the Duke of Welling-
ton standing only in his night apparel by his bed-
side, holding a letter in his hand, which he had
just received from Lord Burghersh, announcing
the landing of the notable prisoner from Elba at
Cannes on the 3rd inst., upon the scene of his for-
mer sovereignty. Talleyrand received his dis-
patches about two hours later, and last, though in
his own country, and after a lapse of nearly the
same time, the Prince Metternich received his
packet. Rest and sleep were instantly banished,
all immediately rose from their beds, and by six
o'clock were at the breakfast-table.

The preliminaries of a hasty treaty were then
arranged with the King of Saxony, and by eleven
o'clock they were in their carriages, and retraced
with all possible expedition the route for Vienna.

Henbt D'Avenet.

Lord. Howe. — The remains of George Augustus,,
third Viscount Howe (who was killed at Ticon-
deroga in 1758) we»e brought to Albany, N. Y.,
and interred under the episcopal church there.
The old church having been pulled down, a new
building is now in progress of erection. It is in the
principal part of the city, which is the capital of
the state. This seems to be, therefore, a fitting
opportunity for the erection of a mural tablet to
the memory of that brave officer and nobleman.

O'C.

Harry- Sophister. — Fuller and Ray both give
this phrase as a Cambridge proverb ; but their
solutions have not been considered satisfactory
either by Grose {Provincial Antiquities) or others..
In Urquhart and Motteaux's translation of Rabe-
lais (bk. ii. chap. 17.) we find the phrase "Arrian
Sophisters." On reference to the original it \s
simply "les artitien sophistes," the graduates in
arts. Is it probable that the corruption of artis-
tian to Arrian, and thence to Harry, is the true-
solution of the phrase ? A. A»

Poets' Corner.

Errors in Dehrett. — In the edition of Debrett's
Peei-age, revised and corrected by Henry Collen,.
Esq., Lond., 1849, the name of the 2nd Viscount
Falkland, who was killed at Newbury, is printed

2nd S. VIII. July 30. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

87

■"Henry." His name was Lucius, according to
the Rolls Office, Beatson, Burke, and Walpole's
Royal and Noble Authors.

Under the title " Hastings," p. 399. of the same
■work, George, 3rd Baron Hastings, is represented
as having been created Earl of Huntingdon 8th
Dec. 1523. Per contra, on p. 436., under title
" Huntingdon," we have " George, Lord Hastings
(the same nobleman) created Earl of Huntingdon
In 1529. These discrepancies are not commend-
able. O'C.

Original of the Faust Legends. — Mr. Dasent,
in the very interesting introduction prefixed to
his Popular Tales from the Norse (Edinb. 1859),
has the following Note : — •

" About the same time (the middle of the thirteenth
century) began to spread the notion of formal written
arguments between the Fiend and men who were to be
his after a certain time, during which he was to help
them to all earthly good. This too came with Chris-
tianity from the East. The first instance was Theophilus,
viccdominus of the Bishop of Adana, whose fall and con-
version form the original of all the Faust Legends. See
■Grimm, D.M. 969, and 'Theophilus in Icelandic, Low
German, and other Tongues, bj' G. W. Daseut, Stockholm,
1845,' where a complete account of the literature of the
Legend may be found." — P. cxi.

As I have neither of these works within reach,
perhaps some correspondent will kindly favour
me with an outline of the life of this Theophilus,
and an abstract of Mr. Dasent's "complete account
of the literature of the Legend," at least of such
part of it as is not generally known amongst
Faust Editors ? Even so accomplished a scholar
as Mr. Hayward is not aware of " the original of
all the Faust Legends ; " and, in the " Historical
Notice of the Story of Faust, and the various Pro-
ductions in Art and Literature that have grown out
of it," which is appended to his admirable Transla-
tion oi Faust, he makes no mention of Theophilus.

EiRIONNACH.

P.S. It were much to be wished that Mr. Da-
sent would reprint his " Introduction " in a sepa-
rate form.

Faber v. Smith. — A friend of mine, who is no
mean scholar, tells me that he believes that the
English surname Faber is only another attempt
to struggle out of Smith, by turning it into Latin.
What Is the verdict of "N". & Q." on this deriva-
tion ? John G. Talbot.

ikueviei.

LETTEHS OF CRANMER AND OSIANDER : BICHABD
smith's BOOK SALE, 1682.

Strype (Memorials of Abp. Cranmer, b. i. c. iii.
-vol. i. p. 15. ed. 8vo. Ox.), says that "a great cor-
respondence was maintained by letters between
■Cranmer and Osiander 'long after ' 1539."

" A parcel of these letters in manuscript," he goes on

to say, " the Right Rev. the Bishop of Sarum mentioned
in his History of the Reformation, which he met with in
the exquisite library of Mr. Richard Smith, as he told a
friend of mine. But notwithstanding, my inquiry after
them, I had not the good fortune to see them, nor to find
into whose hands they were come, after the selling of that
library by auction."

1. I desire to be helped to the place where Bur-
net speaks of this correspondence. I do not re-
collect, and cannot find it.

2. I learn from "N.& Q.," 2°« S. ill. 112, 113.,-
that Richard Smith's library was sold by auction
in May and June, 1682, and that " a copy of the
Sale Catalogue, with manuscripts prices, is now in
the British Museum." Does that copy, perad-
venture, contain entries of jmrchasers as well as
prices ? Might we by Its help ascertain what be-
came of papers of such exceeding interest?

3. If not, is there any other mode of finding
out whether the letters are yet in existence, and
if so, where? I am extremely anxious to obtain
some trace, and, if possible, use of the letters in
question, and shall therefore be much obliged by
any attention to this Query. W. M.

Baltimore, U. S.

[These Letters do not occur in the list of MSS. con-
tained in Smith's Catalogue, which only gives the prices,
not the purchasers. Burnet (Hist, of Reformation, edit.
1829, vol. i. pt. i. p. 186.) alludes to Grineus's letters in a
M!^. in B. Smith's library.]

VLPHILAS.

In Butler's flbr« Biblica, p. 133., 5th edit.,
it is stated : — " Ernesti, In his Institutio, says,
that Ulphilas, Bishop of the Goths, translated
the New Testament Into the Gothic language, in
the fourth century ; " and the Chevalier Bunsen,
In his Signs of the Times, letter ill. pp. 69. 71.,
London edition, 1856, speaks of a translation
made, about a.d. 370, by Ulphilas, " the first and
greatest apostle of the Germans," and Inventor of
the Gothic alphabet, of " the whole Bible, ex-
cept the books of Kings, from the Greek into his
own noble language — a language that owns the
same ancient origin with, and is the most closely
allied to, their primitive tongue." Was Ulphllas's
a translation of the New Testament only, or of
the whole Bible, except the books of Kings ?

Butler also states (J. c), that " this version is
supposed to be the version of the Gospels which
was published at Dordrect ... in 1665 .... at
Amsterdam in 1684 ; at Stockholm in 1672 ; . . .
and at Oxford In 1750." Was this version limited
to the four Gospels, or did Butler commit an over-
sight In using that limited term ? If the version
was not so limited, did it, or did Ulphilas's orlginsil
translation, contain the verse of the three heavenly
toitnesses, 1 John, v. 7. ? Is it beyond question
that that verse* is in the old Vatican MS. Greek

-88

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

C2«d S. Vm. July S0. '£9.

Testament, the recent publication of which is
mentioned in the British Quarterly Review for
October," 1858 ? It will be interesting also to
learn, whethef it is to be found in the old MS.
Bible which Professor Tischendorf, of Leipsic, in
a letter addressed to the Saxon Minister of Public
Instruction in March last, announced as having
been by him discovered at Cairo, and as being as
old as, if not older, than the Vatican MS. Eric.
. Ville Marie, Canada.

^{nor €L\xniti,
Gloucestershire Churches. — J. W. G. Gdtch
would feel very grateful for any information,
architecturally or otherwise, connected with any
of the Gloucestershire churches, which he is at
present engaged in photographing. He has to
thank several correspondents who have kindly
responded to his request in a former number of
" N. & Q.," but still seeks for farther memoranda
from those more conversant with the county than
himself. A line addressed, 6. Norfolk Terrace,
Gloucester, will be duly acknowledged.

Dundalk Accommodation. — An ofBcer serving
in William III.'s time says, he lodged in his
clothes with Dundalk accommodation, at one of
the villages. What was " Dundalk accommoda-
tion," and whence the origin of the term ? * O'C.

Harding Family. — Can any of your readers
inform me from what branch of the family James,
a schoolmaster residing in the neighbourhood of
Lanercost Priory, Cumberland, was descended?
He was interred there in 1788, aged seventy-four
years, and is, I apprehend, the same James who
was christened there in 1714, and described as a
son of Christopher Harding. Alpha.

Scutch Mills in Ireland. — I have a very well-
executed MS. volume by Peter Besnard, with
pen-and-ink drawings of several mills, and en-
titled " Front Views of Mills appropriated to the
use of Scutching Machinery in the Provinces of
Leinster, Munster, and Connaught" (1819). It
contains likewise ground plans and descriptive
particulars ; and it is dedicated to the " Trustees
of the Linen and Hempen Manufactures of Ire-
land." Is any similar volume relative to Ulster in
existence ? Abhba.

Story of Marshal Turenne. — What is the story
alluded to by Pope, in his " Epilogue to the Sa-
tires," in the passage beginning —

" It angered Turenne ooce upon a day " ?
I have looked into the notes to several editions,
and do not find the anecdote. Perhaps some of
your readers will kindly refer me to it. A. A.

[* Will our correspondent furnish the reference where
this term occurs ? — Ed. ]

Revivals of 1810. — Can anyone refer me to an
account of the great Methodist revival which took
place in or about 1810 ? E. H. D. D.

Brathwaite. — Can any of your readers inform
me of the authority for the following Brathwaite
coat of arms ? " Or, a horn sable, with a ban-
derick of the same." I have found it in vol. xv.
of the Beauties of Ev gland and Wales, fol. 218,
It was published by Sherwood, Neely, and Jones,
and written by the Rev. Mr. Hodgson. He states
" from whom {i.e. Brathwaite of Ambleside) the
Brathwaites of Warcop and Burneshead were de-
scended." From the Harl. MSS. the Brathwaites
of Ambleside, Warcop, and Burneshead had for
•their coat of arms, "Gules, on a chevron argent,
three cross crosslets, fitchee sable." Joseph.

Sir Stephen Jenins, Lord Mayor of London in
1508. — The pedigree of this city worthy's family,
or any particulars of him or his family, from 1500
to 1700, would much oblige a constant reader.

J. F. C.

Booksellers' Lists. — When did the practice of
booksellers printing, at the end of books, lists of
the various works published by them first com-
mence ?

Would it not be doing a good work for English
Bibliography to print some specimens of the ear-
liest of these lists in " N. &^Q. ?" If accompanied
by brief notes illustrative of the books — the
authors — peculiarities of editions, &c., such arti-
cles, it is obvious, would add greatly to the value
of " N. & Q." as a Bibliographical Repertory.

B.L.

Greek Word. — *' That Greek word which sig-
nifies that which will endure to be held up to and
judged by the sunlight," writes Trench {On the
Study of Words, 7th edit., p. 6.) What is the
Greek word alluded to ? Vryan Rheged.

Lady Arabella Denny. — It appears from the
Dublin Freeman's Journal (July 20, 1765) that —

"The Eight Hon. Ladj' Arabella Denny was compli-
mented with her freedom of said Guild [of Merchants],
as a mark of their esteem for her Ladyship, for her many
great charities and constant care of the poor foundling
children in the City Workhouse ; and [that] Friday
being Assembly Day, her Ladj'ship was ordered to be
presented with the freedom of this City [of Dublin] in a
silver box."

My object in sending these particulars is, to
ascertain whether any other females, in Dublin or
elsewhere, have been similarly honoured. Lady
Arabella Denny (2''* S. i. 190;) appears to have
been a real philanthropist. Abhba.

Earldom of Melfort. — Beatson's Political Index,
part ii. p. 170., states that the Scotch earldom of
Melfort was forfeited in 1G90. In CoUen's ed. of
Debrett, 1849, p. 889, the year is 1695. Which
is correct ? O'C.

2»'» S. VIII. July 30. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

m

St. Patrick's Ridges. — Where may I find full

and satisfactory information respecting St. Pa-
trick's ridges ? Abhba.

p Encaustic Paintings at Pompeii. — These decora-
tions have been so designated, and • yet on ex-
amination they appear to have been executed in
tempera. There is a sort of glaze on them, which
is not unlike encaustic, but does not penetrate
far enough into the plaster. On excavating the
colour-shops, each was found to contain a very
large quantity of what we commonly call resin.
At the time of my sojourn there it was suggested
that a sort of varnish might have been made of
oils and resins ; applied to the painting with a
brush ; and, when dry, that irons might have
been passed over them sufficiently hot to melt
the resin, and so form a semi-encaustic glaze.*
In true encaustic painting the colours are mixed
with wax and oil, and hot irons passed over the
painting when executed, so as to melt the wax,
and cause the colours to sink into the plaster, in
a manner analogous to fresco vero. Experi-
ments were undertaken at the time, but I have
not heard the result. Can any of your readers
afford information on this curious subject ? A. A.
Poets' Corner.

" The Parliament of Pimlico " and " The Olio."
— Two political periodicals, printed in Dublin
shortly before the Union of Great Britain and
Ireland, and respectively entitled Proceedings and
Debates of the Parliament of Pimlico, in the Last
Session of the Eighteenth Century^ and The Olio ;
or, Anythingarian Miscellany, attracted a very
considerable shai'e of public attention. They
were published by Vincent Dowling, the latter
being a continuation of the former ; and the de-
bates of the Irish Parliament were paraphrased
by him with much ability, and contain numerous
local allusions applied with admirable wit and
propriety. Dowling, who finally, after many vi-
cissitudes, became connected with The Times
newspaper. Issued a large number of ballads and
jeux d'esprit against the proposed union with
Great Britain.

For the sake of those who may wish to be in-
formed respecting these clever publications, I
have made a Note, referring for some interest-
ing particulars to Gilbert's History of the City
of Dublin, vol. iii. pp. 34—36, Abhba.

Aborough or Borough Family. — Information is
requested relative to the family of Aborough or
Borough, supposed originally to have been De
Burgh, resident at Calais during the reign of Hen.
VIII. Are any Calais papers known to exist be-
side the large collection of letters of the Lords
Lisle and Cobham, the last governors of that
colony, the State Papers, and The Chronicle of
Calais, by the Camden Society ? Is anything

known of the papers of Richard Turpyn, who was
"pursuyvant of armes in Caleys at the losse thereof,,
and there dwelled and inhabyted ? " Camsian.

Gilbert Burnet, M.A Was the Rev, Gilbert

Burnet, Vicar of Coggeshall in Essex, and minister
of St. James's, Clerkenwell, 1743 — 46, in any way
related to Bishop Burnet ? Watt, in the Biblio-
theca Britannica, erroneously states that he was
" the bishop's second son," and confounds the
literary productions of Gilbert Burnet, vicar of
Coggeshall, with those of Gilbert Burnet, M.A.,
second son of the Bishop of Salisbury, chaplain to
King George I., and rector of East Barnet, who
died a bachelor in 1726, and was buried in the
chancel of the parish * cliurch of Ea«t Barnet,
(^Burnet Papers, Addit. MS. 11,404. f. 120.)

His contemporary, the vicar of Coggeshall, sur-
vived him many years, but died suddenly of
apoplexy at Clerkenwell, Jan. 28, 1745-6, aged
forty-eight, leaving two young children orphans,
and almost unprovided for. Two volumes of
Practical Sermons by the Rev. Gilbert Burnet,
M.A., 8vo. 1747, were published by subscription
for their benefit. W. J. Pinks.

Othello by Hauff. — Has Othello by Hauff been
translated from the German into English ? and
is the right of translation reserved to the author's
executors or others ? Q.

Ralph Rokeby, of Rokeby, co. York, married

, daughter and heiress of Danby ofYaf-

forth, near North AUerton, Can any of your cor-
respondents give their names? From him is the
house of Skyers, of a fourth brother. Who is the
present representative of the Rokeby family ?

C. J. D. iNGIiEDEW.

Mlnar Outvies tnftfi ^n^toeri.

Pandy. — This was the name given to the rebel
Sepoys during the late mutiny. Whence is it
derived? It can scarcely be from Pandya, be-
cause these principalities are in the south of India,
and the mutinies took place in the north. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

[The name is derived from one Mungal Pandr, aSepoy
in the 34th native infantry, who at the time of the out-
break was stationed at Barrackp'ore. On the 29th March,
1857, Pandy, roused to a state of excitement by the use
of intoxicating drugs, armed himself with a sword and a
loaded musket, traversed the lines, and called upon his
comrades to rise. Lieutenant Baugh, hearing of this
man's conduct, rode hastilj' to the h'nes. Mungal Pandy
fired, missed the officer, but struck the horse. _ The lieu-
tenant, in self-defence, fired his pistol, but missed aim ;
whereupon the sepoy attacked him sword in hand. The
dark feature in this transaction was that many hundred
men in the regiment looked on quietly without offering
to protect the lieutenant from his assailant. With much
difficultj', Pandy was eventually secured by Major-
general Hearsey, and executed on the 8th of April. See

90

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. JuLTf 30. '59.

The History of the Indian Hevolt, by VV. & R. Chambers,
1859, p. 42., and The Sepoy Revolt, hy Henry Mead, 1857,
p. 57.]

Eev. Thomas Harrison. — Wanted information
regarding Thomas Harrison, author of Belte-
sJiazzar, a dramatic poem, also of Sermons. What
was the date of his death ? Z. A.

[Nichols (^Leicestershire, iii. 382.) has the following
note: "Mr. Harrison had been a dissenting minister,
but conformed. He was inducted into the vicarage of
Katcliffe, April 15, 1729, and was buried in St. Peter's
churchyard, St. Alban's, with the following epitaph:
* Here lieth the body of the Rev. Mr. Thomas Harrison,
late Vicar of RatclifFe in Leicestershire, who departed this
life 30 March, 1745, aged 62. Mrs. Mary Harrison, his
mournful relict, who died 29 August, 1747, aged 53.' "]

RoideMap of Switzerland. — I shall be glad to
learn through the medium of your pages what
map of Switzerland is to be preferred by an in-
tending pedestrian, in point of accuracy and com-
pleteness, the size of course not being such as to
encumber the pocket or knapsack. T. M.

[Our correspondent will of course provide himself with
Murray's Handbook for Switzerland, and from that he
■will learn that " the New Map of Switzerland, scale xooW>
published by the Federal Government, under the direc-
tion of General Dufour, and sold by all the booksellers, is
by far the best. This map contains not only every road
and every path of importance, but even every single
house and barn, but is too large for pedestrians." Mur-
ray's Handbook is accompanied with a Clue Map of Swit-
zerland for travellers.]

R. Roxby and J. Shield. — Could you give me
some account of these two Newcastle poets, and
the titles of their works ? Z. A.

[Robert Roxby was born at Needless Hall, Reeds-
dale, Northumberland, and led a rambling kind of life
imtil his twenty-fifth year, when he became a banker's
clerk. In 1808, he published The Lay of the Reedwater
Minstrel, a ballad poem. In 1822, in conjunction with
Mr. Doubleday, he published a series of lyrics, entitled.
The Coquetdale Fishing Songs. Several copies of verses,
contributed by him, will be found in Richardson's Table
Book, and other local works. He died on July 30, 1846,
in Newcastle, aged 79. There is a portrait of him, exe-
cuted in 1838, by Nicholson, from a sketch by Train.

John Shield was formerly an extensive grocer in
Newcastle. His local songs have considerable excellence
for their humour and imagination, especially his comic
production " My Lord 'Size," written on the accidental
fall into the Tyne of Mr. Baron Graham. Of a serious
character his song of " Poor Tom, the Blind Boj'," and
the verses he addressed to Greathead, one of the inven-
tors of the life-boat, sufficiently prove the versatility of
his talent. Mr. Shields died on Aug. 6, 1848, at Broom-
haugh, near Hexham, aged 80. See Latimer's Local
Records, pp. 217. 249., 1857.]

3Siepliti*

SEAN CONTBEAEE's "ELEMENTARY LECTURES."

(2"" S. vii. 505.)
Your correspondent R. C. asked whether a
work, entitled an Elementary Course of Lectures on

the Criticism, hUerpretation and Leading Doctrines
of the Bible, by the late Dean Conybeare, first
published in 1834, had been reprinted?

A note to that Query gives a reply in the nega-
tive ; but that statement I am glad to contradict,
agreeing cordially in opinion with your corre-
spondent as to the value of this little volume.
Some time ago I made inquiries as to the exist-
ence of a second edition, but unsuccessfully ; and
I therefore concluded with the editor of "N. &
Q." that the work had not been reprinted. At
length I ascertained that it had been republished
in 1836. The work appeared to me to be well
adapted for the use of readers of a humbler class
than the students to whom the Lectures were
originally addressed, viz. the intelligent, acute,
deep-thinking artisans, of whom a certain M.P.,
intimately acquainted with them, remarked, " that
with much natural talent they are, alas ! too often
unbelievers." For such readers, portions of this
work are admirably suited, as it is indeed for men
in all ranks of life who are beset with religious
doubt — " doubt as to the reality of truth, or
doubt as to its application to ourselves."

The excellent and learned author concurred in
this opinion ; and on the very eve of his death, he
expressed his willingness to revise the work with
the especial view of placing it in the hands of
those to whom allusion has been made. After his
death, and before the 2nd edition had been disco-
vered, the work was committed for revision to an
able divine and classical scholar, who has also gone
to his rest ; and the publication of the work, in
another form, has, for the present at least, been
abandoned. I may add that the later edition of
1836 was enlarged to the extent of nearly 200
pages. A lecture is prefixed, " On the right
Application of Classical and Scientific Education
to the Purposes of Theological Instruction." To
this lecture four Appendixes are subjoined : one
from the pen of the late Professor Blunt, " On the
probable History of the Successive Production of
the several Evangelical Narratives, and on the
undesigned Coincidences which they exhibit."
This masterly paper the Professor possibly ex-
panded into one of those admirable volumes for
which the Church of Christ is so deeply indebted.

I have replied thus fully to the Query of your
correspondent R. C, believing that the work in
question may not be so generally known as it
deserves to be. As the production of a learned
divine — one also famed for his scientific know-
ledge— this manual is deserving a careful perusal,
and a wide circulation. J. H. Markland.

"ANDREW MABVELl's LETTER TO JOHN MILTON.

(2'"> S. viii. 47.)
This letter is given correctly in Symmons' Life
of Milton. Mk. HorPEE assumes, with Symmons

2°* S. VIII. JuM 30, '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

91

I

and others, that Cromwell was the person to whom
Milton sent a copy of his Defensio Secunda by
the hands of Marvell. I have no doubt that Brad-
shaw, not Cromwell, was the party. Compare
this letter of Marvell, June 2, 1654, with a letter
written by Milton to Bradshaw, Feb. 21, 1652-3,
published by Todd in his Life of Milton. An-
drew Marvell, it appears, had occasion to wait
upon Bradshaw (who lived at Eton) on some
matter of business ; and the poet availed himself
of the opportunity to recommend his friend Mar-
vell as a fit person to be employed by the State,
— particularly to assist himself, then blind, in the
duties of Latin Secretary. The recommendation,
it is well known, was successful, though no ap-
pointment took place at that time. In the sum-
mer of 1654, about fifteen months after his former
visit, Marvell was again with Bradshaw at Eton,
and at this interview he presented the Lord Pre-
sident with the copy of the Defensio which Mil-
ton had sent, accompanying the book with a
letter. Marvell briefly intimated to the poet that
he had fulfilled his mission ; but this intimation
not giving satisfaction to the sensitive poet, who
wished to know how his letter to Bradshaw had
been received, the faithful Marvell wrote again,
stating that he had delivered the letter along with
the book. " To tell you truly mine own imagina-
tion," he says, " I thought that he would not open
it (the letter) while I was there, because he might
suspect that I, delivering it just upon my depar-
ture, might have brought in it some second pro-
position, like to that which you had before made
to him by your letter to my advantage." The
reference here is evidently to the letter of Feb.
21, 1652-3. The poet and Bradshaw were dis-
tantly related*, and it is very probable that it was
through Bradshaw's recommendation or sugges-
tion that Milton became Latin Secretary. There
is no trace of any personal intercourse between
Cromwell and Milton, nor do I think there could
be much cordiality. The poet had broken off" from
the Long Parliament and the Puritans, and Oliver
would look with some distrust on the high-minded
Latin Secretary, who had written the Treatises on
Divorce and the Areopagitica. Have any portion
of Bradshaw's papers been preserved ? I hope
Mr. Masson, the able biographer of the poet, will
make inquiry. R. Cabruthers.

CI-ASSICAIi COCKNETISM.

(2»'i S. vi. 89.)
The epigram of Catullus, quoted by your cor-
respondent, particularly the point in the last two
lines, has always been a puzzle to scholars. When
we remember how brilliantly, although not always
delicately, his Carmina end, we must not suppose
this quiz on Arrius fell pointlessly on the ear at

~ ~~[*"See "N. & Q." 1" S. viii. 318.]

its conclusion. As even Doering, in his late ad-
mirable edition (Altonae, 1834), has not ventured
to hint an elucidation, it may appear presump-
tuous in me to attempt to do so ; but I always
think the domestic affairs of the Romans best un-
derstood by a reference to those of the modern
Italians, and probably a custom *of the present
day will explain the allusion of the past.

I must entreat my readers quite to forget our
own notions as to "poor letter H," and to believe
that in Latin, as in modern Italian, it had no
aspirate effect at all analogous to ours. In Tus-
cany alone is there anything like an aspirate
sound, and this has a strong mixture of the gut-
tural with it, something like the Arabic pronunci-
ation. Casa, for instance, is sounded k'Hasa : the
k, however, is nearly silent. So cuoco is very
nearly huoco, with the slightest sound of our k.
Now we know from the 3rd Satire of Persius,
the 8th of Juvenal, the 6th of the First Book of
Horace, and many other passages, that in the
days of the Emperors it was the fashion for the
Romans to boast of being descended from the
Etruscans, and to affect their manners, and even
their superstitions. If Arrius were one of these,
his Tuscan pronunciation of commoda would be
KHommoda (not our ch, which we usually pro-
nounce as if written tcli) ; and his insidias, VHin-
sidias. Exactly as we should hear it at Florence
at the present time.

Let us now turn to the end of the epigram.
The poet says were he, Arrius, sent into Syria,
and began to talk in his affected way, " suddenly
a horrible news would be spread abroad, that the
Ionian waves had become Hionian." Now there
is no such place or people as Hionia ; and surely
the mere cockney misapplication of "poor letter
H," Anglice, could convey no idea of horrible
news. But if we give it the modern Tuscan pro-
nunciation Khionios, which is very nearly the
Greek Xioviovs, and remember the rivalry between
the people of Ionia and those of the important
isle of Chios close on their shores, we see the
point. The Ionian waters would become Chio-
nian, which would be something like the English
Channel becoming a French Channel, or St.
George's being called St. Louis' Channel ; and we
could understand it as horrible news indeed.

A. A.
Poets' Corner.

CELTIC REMAINS IN JAMAICA.

(2'^'^ S. viii. 24. 59.)
I fear the remains mentioned by Mr. Pattison
are neither Celtic nor celts. They are only stone
implements, such as are found all over the world ;
and bearing testimony to the truth that every-
where the individual members of mankind, when
placed in the same circumstances, must take to

92

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. July 30. '59.

the same resources and come to the same results.
It was necessity taught them, and taught them to
use ^rst, what was within their immediate grasp.
The human race indeed (and in deeds) is one !

I have now before me a Report, made up by
Dr. C. Leemans, the Director of the Leyden
Museum of Antiquities. In it he refers to the
several acquisitions made, in the year 1858, by
the collection under his care. Under the heading
" Asiatic Monuments," he writes : —

" Our division of Javanese Antiquities was greatly en-
riched with a present, offered by Mr. J. A. Kraijenbrink,
and sent by him from the Tegalwaru-lands, Krawang
Residence, in Java, to the Ministry of Inland Atfairs.

" This gift is the more important, because it was
accompanied by an exact account of the circumstances
and particulars which attended the sundry discoveries. A
farther illustration was also given in a minute sketch of
one of the sites, where some of the antiquities were found.

" The collection contained nine stone wedges of differ-
ent forms and sizes, and consisting of quartz, chalcedonj',
agate, green jasper, flint, and brown jasper. These wedges
or hatchets were long from 4 (Dutch or French) centi-
metres, 5 millimetres, to 11 centimetres; broad from 2-1
to 6 centimetres, and thick from 8 to 30 millimetres;
they were discovered in 1853 — 1856 at Pangkehan, Sirba
Telukdjambee, Tegahwaru, Tjeehaskana, and Ulekkam,
all places situate in the Tegalwarulands.

" But of particular importance are six objects, which,
in 1851, were dug up near the dessa Tjilledock, not far
from the river Lossaree in the Residence Cheribon.
Though at different depths under the trodden soil, the
pieces of antiquity I am going to describe were found
lying in each other's vicinity. They afford us the first
instances, as far as our knowledge goes, of stone and
metal implements of this kind discovered contiguouslj',
and thus seemingly descending from the same period.
Thej' are: a flat, oblong wedge, neatly and smoothly
worked and ground, and apparently' never used, long 16,
broad 6-5, and thick 1 centimetre : and a second chisel-
shaped wedge, outside convex, inside concave, also of
very neat, smooth, and sharp workmanship. This second
implement, as the first, is of lava, and was, it seems,
never used. Its dimensions are, length 22, breadth 55,
thickness 4 centimetres. In the third place : a finely
preserved bronze spear-head, 18 centimetres long, and
6'5 wide. These three objects were found at about the
same depth. Xearly four yards above lay a fourth object,
being part of an iron sword, still 35 centimetres long, 5
wide, and 1 thick."

Farther : —

" For the division American Antiquities, we received
three objects, whose relative value is heightened by the
circumstance that they came from the soil, trodden by
the earlier inhabitants of Guyana, now in part the Dutch
colony Surinarti : and thus afford us the first opportunity
for opening in our Museum a subdivision of antiquities
from the Dutch West-Indian possessions. They consist
in a beautifully polished wedge of yellowish quartz,
grooved at both sides of the upper end, in order to admit
of its being fastened to a handle. This implement has a
length of 13 centimetres: its breadth, at the upper part,
is of 9, and its thickness of 3 centimetres. Together with
another wedge, — about which presentlj', — it was found
nnder one tree, and was presented to Lieutenant Jonkheer
C. A. van Sj'pesteyn, then adjutant to the Governor of
the Colony, by the director of the plantation Berg en
Dral, the place where the hatchets were discovered. The
second wedge, of which a plaster cast was made for the

Museum, is 6 centimetres high, and has from 6 to 8 centi-
metres breadth. It is made out of peculiar kind of quartz,
in Dutch kwartsiet, and differs in form from the instru-
ment just mentioned, by looking more like a battle-axe.
In fact, the narrow sides diverge towards a fan-like edge.
For the rest, the implement has, like the other hatchet, a
groove at both sides, to facilitate the fastening of the
handle.

" The third object is a flat-round grinding-stone of
quartz, 6 centimetres, 5 millimetres by 5 centimetres, 4
millimetres : it was obtained by Mr. van Sypesteyn from
the plantation Bleijendaal, where it was stated to have
fallen from the skj' after a meteorical explosion. To this
kind of implements, which the natives distinguish from
the stone hatchets or wedges by the name of thuuderstones
(^dondersteenen), the barbarians of Guyana ascribe a great
medical power."

Mr. Leemans farther supposes (though to us It
seems improbable) that the aborigines may have
translated into their language the name of donder-
steenen, which perhaps Dutch settlers gave to such
stones in their hearing : and he then infers that,
also from the Dutch, the natives may have adopted
their belief in the healing properties of this kind
of antiquities.

" It is remarkable," saj's he, " that, as well in the East
as in the West-Indies, the same appellation and super-
stition are found to exist, which still are prevalent
amongst our illiterate countrj'folks. It is well known
that, in Holland, the stone wedges are called donderbeiteh
[^thunder-chisels'], whilst, in Java, they are named light-
ning-teeth \bUksem-tanden'\."

Now, to us, this is no cause of v/onder at all.
Man wants always to assign a cause for everything,
and, rather than confess his ignorance, he will in-
vent a cause. For instance : how lightning can
split a gnarled oak, the illiterate do not under-
stand. But if near this oak is found a stone
wedge, of course to this wedge is ascribed the
phenomenal destruction. The hatchets are mostly
found near trees : for to fell trees they no doubt
were most used. And, of course, near very olE
trees, which already existed in the stone period ;
and these, as highest, are most subject to being
struck with lightning. The stone implements were
either forgotten or left there, because, in our age
of unsafety, man has often suddenly to leave his
peaceful occupations never to come back, or even
sometimes is killed over his instruments of peace.

In the north of Europe the name of donderheitel
perhaps still echoes a faint reminiscence of Thor's
mighty hammer, and not less mighty thunderbolts,
whilst, almost everywhere, the memory of the
stone period has vanished, and more civilised
mankind is hardly able to represent to itself an
age in which iron was not known.

But in the current belief, spread all over the
world, that the stone implements of antiquity are
the ivedges of lightning, we again see a proof of
the individuality of the human race !

The healing power, assigned by the natives of Su-
rinam to the ancient grinding-stones, may perhaps
be a faint reminiscence that once medicaments

2«<» S. Vill. JWY 30. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

9a

were ground with them, instead of with pestle and
mortar. But, may be, I ascribe too much civilisa-
tion to an uncultivated period !

In conclusion I may as well note down that a
German haymaker once told me, that he remem-
bered having seen a thunder-chisel which always
sweated when a thunderstorm was approaching.

J. H. VAN Lennep.

Zeyst.

With reference to Mr. Pattison's inquiry con-
cerning the discovery of stone celts in Jamaica, I
beg to state that I have in my possession one that
I brought from that island some years since. I
obtained it from a negro woman, who kept it in a
porous water-jar ; informing me that the fluid
was much cooler in consequence of the charm of,
this peculiar shaped stone, and I had some diffi-
culty in persuading her to give it to me. She
could not give any account as to how she became
possessed of it : she had never remembered it
being anywhere else except in the water-cooler.

It is precisely similar in shape (pyriform) to
similar implements that I have seen in museums.
It is two inches nine-tenths in length, and one
inch six-tenths in the widest part, where it has a
cutting edge. It shows no mark of having been
attached to a handle, like those described by your
correspondent. The stone is dark green (por-
phyry ?), and apparently of precisely the same
kind as some New Zealand war clubs (pata-patoos)
that I have. R. Heward.

Kensington.

The Legend of Bethgellert (2°^ S. vii. 452.) —
Mb. Girdlestone has been anticipated, as will be
seen from the passage I subjoin from Mr. Dasent's
Introduction to the second edition of his Popular
Tales from the Norse, published in March last.
After resolving Tell's Mastershot into a mere
myth, Mr. Dasent proceeds to perform the same
feat for poor Gellert : —

" Nor let any pious Welchman be shocked if we ven-
ture to assert that Gellert, that famous hound upon
whose last resting-place the traveller comes as he passes
down the lovely vale of Gwynant, is a mythical dog, and
never snuffed the fresh breeze in the forest of Snowdon,
nor saved his master's child from ravening Wolf. This,
too, is a primaeval storj-, told with many variations.
Sometimes the foe is a Wolf, sometimes a Bear, sometimes
a Snake. Sometimes the faithful guardian of the child is
an Otter, a Weasel, or a Dog. It, too, came from the East.
It is found in the Pantcha-Tantra, in the Hitopadesa, in
BidpaVs Fables, in the Arabic original of the Seven Wise
Masters, and in many mediaeval versions of those origi-
nals. (See Pancha-Tantra, v. ii. of Wilson's ^noZys/s,
quoted by Loiseleur Deslongchaipps' Essai sw' les Fables
Indiennes, Paris, Zechener, 1838, p. 54, where the animal
that protects the child is a Mangouete ( Viverra Mungo.
See also Hitopadesa, Max Milller's translation, Leipzig,
Brockhaus, p. 178, where the guardian is an Otter. In

both, the foe is a Snake). Thence it passed into the La-
tin Gesta Bomanorum, where it may be read as a .service
rendered by a faithful hound against a snake." — Pp.
xxxvi. — ix.

I cannot help remarking that though William
Tell and Gellert may be fictions, it does not neces-
sarily follow that they are such, merely because
they have counterparts in universal mythology.
By-the-way, between the labours of MM. Grimm
and such disciples as Mr. Dasent and Mr. Keight-
ley, &c., we may soon look for a classical work on
a large scale on Comparative Popular Mythology ;
or at least a new edition of Mr. Keightley's ad-
mirable work, Tales and Popular Fictions, their
Besemhlance, amd Transmission from Country to
Cmintry. Eirionnach.

Medical Tract by Marat : Marat in Edinburgh
(2"* S. viii. 52.) — G. inquires whether any addi-
tional proof can be given of Marat having been
in Edinburgh ? Such proof is to be found in a
medical tract, now before me, which I have never
seen attributed to the Marat of infamous memory,
although his name stands on the title-page. Ma-
rat does not figure as a medical writer in Dezei-
meri's Diet. Historique de la M^decine Ancienne et
Modeme, 1836. In the Biographic Universelle no
mention is made of this medical tract, but Marat's
residence in Edinburgh is briefly mentioned, and
the Chains of Slavery, and also several treatises
on electricity, are attributed t» him. In the me-
dical tract the subject of electricity is again al-.
luded to. The title is as follows : An Enquiry
into the Nature, Cause, and Cure of a singular
Disease of the Eyes, hitherto unknown, and yet
common, produced hy the Use of certain Mercurial
Preparations, by J. P. Marat, M.D. : London,
printed for W. Nicoll, in St. Paul's Churchyard,
and J. Williams in Fleet Street, 4to., pp. 19. A
preliminary address to the Fellows of the Royal
Society is dated " Church Street, Soho, January
1st, 1776." The whole tract is sad trash. At the
end (p. 19.) is a note, which mentions his having
been "at Edinburgh last August" (1775). The
concluding paragraph of the tract is worth quot-
ing, as showing how the same man could write
like a philanthropist, and afterwards act like a
monster : —

« If one cannot always be the happy instrument of
alleviating the misery of the unfortunate, it is, however,
a sort of service tendered to them to prevent their being
made worse."

Jatdbe.

Vertue's "-Draughts" (2°^ S. viii. 26.) —Your
correspondent Sheex, who inquires respecting
Vertue's Draughts, or Drawings from Ancient
Statues, appears to have been misled. There is no
record of any such work. In the first place, the
assurance which he has received is quite correct,
that there is no mention of such a publication in
the Catalogues of the British Museum. In the

94

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. July 30. '59.

second place, it is not to be found in the published
lists of Vertue's works. And thirdly, more mar-
vellous still, it is nowhere mentioned in the valu-
able paper in your 1" S. xi. pp. 380-1. ("Re-
marks on Crowns," &c., from MS. of S. M.
Leaks, Es^., Garter), in which, according to
your correspondent's statement, he finds "re-
peated reference" to it !

The learned papers " on Crowns," in your first
series, contain various references, especially in the
notes, to draughts by Vertue ; but these must be
sought for in another quarter, and under a differ-
ent title. When the Knaptons determined to
publish their edition of Rapin's History of Eng-
land, " they engaged Vertue to accompany it with
effigies of Kings, and suitable decorations" ("Life
of Vertue," appended to H, Walpole's edition of
Vertue's Catalogue of Engravers, p. 198.). Ver-
tue accordingly executed a " large set of heads of
the Kings, for Rapin" (folio edition), and a
" smaller set, ditto," octavo (see Walpole's " List
of Vertue's Works," ut supra) . However, as the
Knapton editions, which were originally published
in numbers, are not always complete in respect
to the prints, your correspondent Sheen, if he
wishes to verify Garter's descriptions by Vertue's
Draughts, will perhaps best effect his object by
the aid of Vertue's Heads and Monuments of the
Kings of England. This work he will find in the
British Museum under "Vertue," in the Cata-
logue of the King^s Library. It is a noble folio,
containing the " Heads and Monuments," with a
moderate amount of letter-press, but without the
text of Rapin. The accuracy of Garter's de-
scriptions, as referring to the " draughts" of Rapin,
your correspondent will find most exemplary.
But there is some room for suspicion, as to the
accuracy of Vertue himself; although", in his day,
he was run down for his stubborn fidelity.

Thomas Boys.

VAcademie Frangaise (2"'^ S. viii, 37.) — The
mention of the French Academy is only sugges-
tive to most Englishmen of Johnson's great Dic-
tionary, and of Garrlck's witty epigram respecting
it, as a task which the doctor accomplished uu-
aided and alone; while a similar laborious under-
taking was assigned in France to forty literati —
the number of members of the French Academy.
The merits and services of the Academie Fran-
<jaise, however, far transcend the utility, great as
it is, arising from the compilation of a national
dictionary. Instituted by Cardinal Richelieu, the
Academie speedily became a centre for the most
distinguished literary merit and talent in the na-
tion ; and showed that a new and independent
power had arisen in the world of letters — a power
which still subsists, and whose favourable and un-
biassed opinion crowns the works that are sub-
mitted to its decision with an award which is
considered of the highest distinction.

The new edition, by M. Livet, of the Histoire
de r Academie Francaise, par Pellisson et D'OlIvet,
will give the reader ample information on a very
interesting subject. J. Macray.

Chatterton MS. (2"^ S. vill. 50.) — Is your cor-
respondent quite sure this MS. is 7'eally "in the
well-known autograph of Chatterton ? " My rea-
son for asking the question is, that in December,
1853, one precisely similar was knocked down to
my agent at auction as genuine, but afterwards
rejected on having been pronounced by the
highest authority not to be Chatterton's. It was
utterly unlike anything I had ever seen of the ill-
fated poet's in my own possession or in the British
Museum, and had I inspected it before the sale, of
course, I should not have sent a commission to
purchase. As far as I remember, the water-mark
was as described by Mr. Owen, and that the last
line of the twelfth page was —

" Defend thee from the flying shafts of Death."

Upon comparison I came to the conclusion it
was a modernised fragment of " ^Ua," from the
pen of Mr. Leger (author of Memoi?'s of Bristol),
and one of your many readers will probably be able
to inform Mr. Owen if paper with such water-mark
was manufactured in Chatterton's time ?

On looking over some letters from Mary New-
ton (Chatterton's sister) in my possession, in reply
to a question, I find she stated Chatterton gleaned
the "Argument" from the old Redcliff church
parchments, and that he " versified " it probably,
first of all in modern, and afterwards in antiquated
orthography. Bristoliensis.

De Foe's Descendants (S'"^ S. vHI. 51.) — I
copied from the fly-leaf of a Pocket-Bible in the
possession of a friend the following entries, which
I intended to have placed in " N. & Q." some
time ago. I was reminded to do so by the in-
quiry of your correspondent CM.: —

" Henry Baker and Sophia De Foe were married 30"'
April, 1729.

"David Erskine Baker was born at London in the
Parish of S«. Dunstan in the West, on Friday, 30'h Jany,
1729-30, about three o'clock in the afternoon. He was
baptized in the same Parish. The R'. Hon. David Er-
skine, Earl of Buchan, and John Forster, Esq. being his
Godfathers, and M". Hj-de his Godmother.

" Henry Baker was born at Enfield in the county of
Middx. on Sunday', W^ Feby. 1733-4, between nine and
ten in the morning. He was also baptized there, M^
Thomas Pritchard and M"'. John Stillingfleet being his
Godfathers, and M". Jane Forster his Godmother."

I observe a note in the Neto England Genealo-
gical Register for July, 1858, which states that
James De Foe was the father of eight children,
two of whom, James and Priscilla, were surviving.

W. St.

Watson, Yorkshire (2"* S. viii. 10,) — There are
two Bilton Parks In Yorkshire : one between York
and Wetherby, long the seat of the Plumers ;

2«d S.VIII. JvLY 30. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

95

and one between Harrogate and Knaresboroiigh,
where I believe a Mr. Farside Watson did reside ;
but I am not aware of any connexion between him
and the family of Watson who for some genera-
tions held Malton Abbey at a nominal rent of
Hemsworth Hospital. The last of this family,
Mr. George Watson — who, from his being a ma-
gistrate, was always called "Justice Watson" —
died between 1800 and 1810, leaving his property
to a nephew in London, William Wood, who took
his uncle's name, and became William Wood Wat-
son, who died many years ago without leaving any
descendants. H. W.

Halls of Greatford (2'«» S. vii. 497. 526.)—
Your correspondent S. H. will find a pedigree of
the Halls of Greatford in Blore's Rutland,pp. 131.
and 225.

In the hall, over the fireplace, at Gretford are
carved the arms of Edmund Hall, arg. a chevron
engrailed between three talbots' heads erased
sable, impaling those of his wife, Anne, daughter
of Christopher Willougbby of Parham. Above is
the coat of Hall, out of ducal coronet, or, a plume
of feathers, arg., thereon a demi-lion rampant, or.

On the dexter side of the atchievement is a
complex merchant's mark, possibly having refer-
ence to the comptrollership of Calais, held by Hall's
father. On the sinister, a friar's head hooded,
with a rosary round his neck, in compliment to
Willoughby.

The grandson of this couple was Henry Hall,
•who left three daughters coheirs in 1692.

1. Elizabeth, married Sir Hugh Middleton of
Pall Mall, Bart.

2. Frances, married John Weston of Ockham.

3. Margaret, married Thomas Babington of
Rothley, Temple, whose issue by her still remain
extant. Various documents relating to the Halls
are preserved at Rothley.

The estate seems to have been sold. It is now
the property of Lord Latimers, and \vas long
tenanted by the celebrated and skilful Dr. Willis.

C.

Athenaeum Club.

Coals, when First used in England (2"'* S. viii.
53.) — The present Seacoal Lane, near Snow
Hill, is mentioned under that name {Secollane)
so early as 1253. It derived its name, there can
be little doubt, from the fivct that the coal was
brought in barges up the Fleet River, and there
stored for domestic purposes. R.

Calverley Family (2"^ S. viii. 28.) — C. J. D.
Ingledew may perhaps not be aware that a Mr,
T. Calverley (who is, I believe, of the old Calver-
ley family) now resides at Oulton Hall, near
Leeds. Your correspondent may be able to ob-
tain information concerning Sir Henry Calverley
from him. S.

" Baratariana" (2"<»S. viii. 52.)— The following
extract, from Gilbert's History of the City of
Dublin (vol. i. p. 294.), may perhaps prove inter-
esting to your correspondent : —

". The Freeman's Journal [started by Henry Brooke ia
1763] became the organ, in 1770, of Flood, Grattan, and
the other opponents of the administration of Lord Town-
shend, who was defended by Jephson and Simcox ia
Hoey's llercwy. Flood's letters to the Freeman appeared
under the signature of 'Syndercombe'; and the various
essaj's and jettx d'esprit published in this journal against
Lord Townshend were collected and reprinted in 1773^
under the title of Baratariana, to which Grattan contri-
buted his celebrated character of Pitt."

The Freeman s Journal, in literary ability and
arrangement, was incomparably superior to its
Dublin contemporaries ; and (according to Mr.
Gilbert) had the merit of being, with the excep-
tion of the Censor, the first Irish newspaper which
published original and Independent political essays.
I have at this moment before me the first four
volumes, 1763-67. Abhba^

Your correspondent, who asks for information
regarding the authors o^ Baratariana, may care to
know that " Sir Hercules Langrishe, Mr. Grattan,
then a young barrister not in parliament, and
Mr. Flood," were, according to the Memoirs of
Flood (p. 79.), the principal writers of that poli-
tical miscellany. In Grattan s Life (vol. i. p. 185.)
there is an account of a visit to Sir Hercules in
1810; and the octogenarian is found repeating
with enthusiasm some of his flash passages in,
Baratariana. Sir Hercules's contributions to this
bundle of political pasquinades are noticed in
Grattan's elegy on the death of the patriot baro-
net (vide vol. i. p. 188.) The articles written by
Grattan were, as his son informs us (vol. i. p.
185.), "Posthumous," "Pericles," and the Dedi-
cation of Baratariana, He read them to his
friends, and they were struck by his description of
Lord Chatham. Gilbert's Dublin (vol. i. p. 294.)
tells us, what the Life of Flood does not, that the
articles signed "Syndercombe" were from Flood's
pen. The volume of Public Characters for 1806
(p. 64.), in noticing the family of General Sir J.
Doyle, observes : —

" William was a King's Counsel, and Master in Chan-
cery, and universally admired for his brilliant wit, which
obtained him the friendship of Edmund Burke, Lord
Charlemont, &c. He contributed largely to that ad-
mired political publication called Baratariana."

The information regarding the authors of Bara-
tariana, which the late Right Hon. J. W. Croker
promised (1" S. x. 353.) but failed to adduce, is
much to be regretted. A tolerably accurate key
to the characters which figure in this book might,,
if desirable, be furnished.

William John FitzPatrick,

Stillorgan, Dublin.

Bev. George Holiwell (2"'' S. vii. 455.) — In
answer to the Query of P. R., I have to state that

96

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«<i S. VIII. July 30. '69.

Mr. George Holiwell (who came from Selkirk)
was admitted minister of the parish of Polwarth,
Berwickshire, in 1664, and died in 1704. I do
not know his wife's name, but she was not a
daughter of the family of Marchmont. His son
Walter was bound apprentice to a perriwig-maker
in Dunse ; this sc*n married Janet Duns, and their
descendants are still living in that town. At the
time his sou was bound, he borrowed five pounds
from Lord Marchmont to pay the apprentice fee.
(MS. letter in library of Sir Hugh Hume Camp-
bell of Marchmont.)

Mr. Holiwell was the episcopal minister of Pol-
warth during the persecutions of Charles II., and
was aware that Sir Patrick Hume (afterwards
Earl of Marchmont) was concealed in the vault
under Polwarth Kirk ; he also knew of the visits
of Sir Patrick's daughter every night with food to
her fathei'. He was a great favourite with Sir
Patrick. His portrait is still at Marchmont
House. M. G. F.

Anvalonnacu (2"* S. vii. 206. 266.)— Dr. Pughe,
under '■'■afalach" (from afall, an apple, pi. efyll
and afallori), says " an orchard, hence Ynys Wyd-
rin, or Glastonbury, was originally called Ynys
Afallach and Ynys Afallon, also a proper name of
men." Cf. Avalon, or Afalon and Aballo^ with
the Isle of Abalus (one of the Glessarias men-
tioned by Pliny as dispersed over the Baltic), on
whose coast amber was found. There is also
Avallon, or Aballon, a province in Newfoundland.

R. S. Charnock.

Inn Signs by Eminent Artists (2"* S. vii. 522.)
— As coming, perhaps, fairly under the foregoing
designation, may be mentioned the sign of " The
Mortal Man " over the little public-house in the
picturesque valley of Troutbeck, about four miles
from Ambleside, in Westmoreland. The local
tradition is that the late J. C, Ibbetson, author
of a work on painting in oil, while residing at the
pleasant town above named, used often to ramble
as far as Troutbeck to indulge in the double en-
joyment of the sweet scenery around and the
" liome-brewed " within the humble alehouse ;
and that, in acknowledgment and commendation
of the latter, he painted a sign with two faces,
each " looking the character " admirably, and with
labels from their mouths, thus inscribed : —
" Thou mortal man, who livest by bread,

What is it makes thy nose so red? "
" Thou silly oaf, with nose so pale,

It is with drinking Birket'a ale ! "
The painting has, I am sorry to say, been sup-
planted by its title in plain letters ; but old peo-
ple say they remember and admired it. The
landlady herself told me that the Blrkets carried
it away when they left the house, and she thought
it was now at Carlisle (?). I know not what the
ale may have been in Ibbetson's time, but I must
say that a dear niece and myself thought a glass

of it very good, about a fortnight since, after walk-
ing from Ambleside to Troutbeck on one of the
hottest days of this summer, when Windermere
was more shrunk, and the waterfalls of the Lake
District generally more diminished than they were
almost ever before known to be. J. H.

I noticed the other day, at the White Lion,
near the parish church, Doncastei', a sign, con-
sisting of a rather artistic representation of a white
lion facing the spectator, and in the corner the
words, " Painted by Herring." H. W.

Add "The Royal Oak," painted by the late
David Cox, and now covered with glass, and
fastened to the wall of the little inn of that name,
at Bettws y Coed, Denbighshire.

W. J. Bebnhaed Smith.

Temple.

County Voter's Qualification (2»^ S. viii. 70.)
— By the disfranchising statutes 8 Hen VI. c. 7.
(a.d. 1430), and 10 Hen. VI. c. 2., the minimum
of forty shillings by the year was first fixed ; which
was estimated by Bishop Fleetwood to have been
equal to 12^. per annum in the reign of Queen
Anne, and by Blackstone (i. 173.) as equivalent
to 20Z., which latter is shown to be correct in *' N.
& Q." (2'"i S. iv. 293.) ; that is, prices from 1350
to 1520 are to be multiplied by 2^ for deteriora-
tion in the coins, and by 4 for deterioration in the
price of silver since the discovery of the Ameri-
can mines (2 X 2^ X 4=20). T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

" The Dance of Death''' (P* S. viii. 76.)— The
following may perhaps prove worthy of " a local
habitation" in " N. & Q."

Nicolai Karamsia, a Russian, made some travels
in the eighteenth century, through Prussia, Ger-
many, Switzerland, France, and England. In
1803, an anonymous translation appeared, im-
printed by J. Badcock of the " Row."

At Erfurth our traveller visited Martin Lu-
ther's cell. In one of the cross-aisles of the
Orphan House, he observed some curious pic-
tures : —

" One represents an Emperor, to whom Death ap-
proaches with a low bow, and most humbly informs him
that it is time to leave this earthly life to go to another.
In a second picture, friend Nick, in regal attire, stands
behind an actress, and takes from her the dagger and
mask. A third represents a printer, in a stuff morning
gown and large wig, together with his foreman. Death
cuts down the former with his scythe, and, underneath,
are the following words ' Even Printers must die.' " —
Vide vol. i. p. 195.

T. C. Anderson,
H. M.'s 12th Regt. Bengal Army.

Warwick Villas.

Wink (2°^ S. viii. 70.) -- Perhaps from A.-S.
wincel, a corner ; cf. Winksley. R. S. Charnock.

2»'» S. VIII. July 30, '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

9t

BoydeWs ShaAspeare Gallery (2"^ S. viii. 50.)—
With reference to the observations and inquiry of
V. H. Q. (p. 50.), I have before me : —

" A Catalogue of that Magnificent and truly Valuable
Collection of Pictures, the Productions of the Great
Artists of the British School, known as the Collection of
the Shakspeare Gallery, formed under the spirited Di-
rections, and with unbounded Expence, by those dis-
tinguished Promoters of the Fine Arts the Messrs.
Boydells," &c.

" The whole will be sold by Auction by Mr. Christie
on the Premises, on Friday 17th May, 1805, and
two following days (Sunday excepted) at 12
o'clock. By order of the Pi'oprietor,, without
reserve."

Tlie prices at which the pictures, &c., were
severally sold, are inserted in figures, evidently by
an attendant of and purchaser at the sale : —

Guineas.

Total, 1st day's sale, added up as - - 1,135^

„ 2nd day's sale .... 1,633^

„ 3rd day's sale . - - . 3,068^

5,837i
Premises . . - - 4,400

10,287i
Two of the pictures, viz. " Richard the Second's
Return from Ireland" (2 ft. 7iin. by 1 ft. 9J in.),
by Hamilton, and "Falstaff in Disguise led out
by Mrs. Page" (Merry Wives of Windsor, Act IV.
Sc. 2.), (7 ft. by 5 ft. 2^ in.), by J. Durno, are
now in the collection at Sir John Soane's Museum,
where they and the catalogue referred to may be
seen by V. H. Q. whenever it may siiit his con-
venience to call there for the purpose.

George Bailey, Curator,
Sir John Soane's Museum.

The required list of this gallery, pictures and
engravings, with the names of engravers as well as
of painters, may be seen by your correspondent at
p. xix., &c., of Boydell's Catalogue of Plates, SfC,
J 803, a copy of which is in the library of the
British Museum.

Your correspondent has opened an interesting
subject. Hideous reproductions of some of Boy-
dell's pictures are to be seen occasionally in Lon-
don shop-windows; but I well remember the
profound veneration with which in my younger
days I more than once visited the gallery itself.
The Boydells resolved to publish an edition of
Shakspeare, illustrated by our best artists. It
was a spirited undertaking, and their list includes
many distinguished names: — Opie, Fuseli, Sir J.
Reynolds, &c. Surely the original paintings are
not all lost. Ought we not to have a Shakspeare
Gallery now ? Thomas Boys.

William Kennet (2"« S. viii. 46.) — William
Kennet of Kent was admitted of Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge, 1610, proceeded B. A. 1614-5,
and commenced M.A. 1618.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Longevity (2°'^ S. viii. 23. 39.) — In the week
ending July 2nd {Vide Registrar- General's Re-
port, and Lloyd's Newspaper abstract, July 17,
1859, p. 11.): —

"A widow died at the age of 95, and a man, formerlj' a
private in the Scots Grej's, died on the 2nd inst., whose
age is stated to have been 104 j-ears.

" Dr. Winterbottom, father of the Doctor, died on
Thursday evening the 5th, aged 95 j-ears.

"On the 28th ult., at Daneliy, aged 104, William
Kirby. He was a Scotchman, and a gardener by trade.
He was married at Daneliy Church last year, being 103
on his wedding day. (Vide Swansea Cambrian.y

T. C. Akdebson,
H. M.'s 12th Regt., Bengal Army,

CromwelTs Head (2"* S. vii. 495.) — My con-
nexion with the county of Kent and Kentish
matters during a third of a century, exhibited tt)
me the mistakes in the names and details made
by the Parisian correspondent of the New York
Express in his account of Cromwell's head. Im-
mediately after perusing it I commenced a corre-
spondence with one of the gentlemen named
therein, and a friend likely to be acquainted with
the subject, and I am happy to furnish " N. & Q."
with the result. The Rev. Geo. Verrall (jiot Ver-
rill), who had the Bromley Chapel, Kent, built
A.D. 1835 by Mr. Bromley, in Widmore Lane,
writes to me, that " a head which had been em-
balmed and afterwards placed on a halbert on
Westminster Hall, is in the possession of A.
Wilkinson, Esq.*, Shortlands, Beckenham, late
member for Lambeth." Mr. Verrall farther says
that he has " seen it more than once, and that its
appearance and the history given of it satisfies "
him " that it is the head of Oliver Cromwell."

Alfred John I>unkin.
Dartford.

Cromwell's Children (2"* S. viii, 17.5.6.) — Your
correspondent Libya is referred to Bihliotheca
Topographica Britannica, No. XXXI., where he
will find a genealogical view of the family of Oli-
ver Cromwell, with a copious tabular pedigree.
The entry of Oliver, the second son, runs thus : —
" Oliver, ba. Febru. 6, 1622, di. young of the small
pox during the Civil War." Cl. Hopper.

" To sleep like a Top" (2"^ S. viii. 53.) — The
answer appended to this Query, though ingenious,
is not satisfactory. The expression seems to be
quite intelligible without having recourse to any
language but the English. Every one who has
spun a top has seen it sleeping, and in this fami-
liar object I find the origin of the phrase in ques-
tion. I am all the more satisfied that I am right

* The title of " Hon." is a pure Americanism, whilst
the substitution of " Buckenham " was, evidently, be-
cause " Shortlands," the name of the seat of Mr. Wilkin-
son, is equidistant from Bromley and Beckeuham.

98

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«'<i S. VIII. July 30. '59.

■when I hear our French neighbours making use
of expressions of precisely the same import. The
French schoolboy exclaims " Mon sabot dort,"
and hence the common phrase " Dormir coram e
un sabot," the exact equivalent of what we say in
English. S. H.

Edinburgh.

Tliomus Jiixon (2"'' S. viii. 46.) — Thomas
Juxon of London was admitted pensioner of
Queen's College, Cambridge, 22 June, 1619, and
proceeded B.A. 1622-3.

C. H. & Thompsos CoopfiR.
Cambridge.

Meaning of " Cadewoldes" (2"^ S. viii. 49.) —
Perhaps you will accept of a conjecture, which is
offered with the hope that other correspondents
may be able to contribute something more defi-
nite. Mb. Rilet is inclined to think that by
" cadeu'oldes" a kind of prepared wool is meant ;
and there are some considerations which decidedly
favour this opinion. Caddis was a coarse article
in common use, — worsted ribbon used as trim-
ming for servants' dress, or woollen stuff (Halli-
well and Wright) ; and to caddis corresponds the
Fr. cadis, a kind of low-priced woollen serge
(" sorte de serge de laine d'un bas prix," Landais).
Again, wolder is an old East-country word, signi-
fying to roll up. May not "cadewoldes," then,
have been the woollen (serge or stuff) rolled up
into hales? Cadi-woldes, literally woollen hales,
i. e. bales of woollen stuff. Thomas Boys.

Words adapted to Beats of the Drum (2"" S.
i. 94. ; ii. 39. : vi. 250. 336. 419.) — The Gene-
ral : —

" Don't rou hear the general say,
Strike your tents, and march away."

Coverer's Call : —

" Coverers won't you turn out, turn out,
Coverers won't you turn out."

The words, I think, generally used to the
"Rogue's March," will be found in English and
Scotch Song Book, published by Nathaniel Cooke,
1853. T. C. Anderson,

H.M.'s 12th Regt. Bengal Army.

Moldwarps (2°'' S. vii. 296.) — Your correspon-
dent, I suppose, is not aware that moldwarp, or, as
it is pronounced in Yorkshire, mowdiwarp, is a
provincial name for the mole. What is the ety-
mology of the word ? Is it that which warps or
throws up the mould ? H. W.

John Evelyn (2°'^ S. viii. 46.) — John Evelyn
of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, B.A. 1618-19,
was, we presume. Sir John Evelyn, Knight, M.P.
for Blechingly, who died 1643.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

"Ze Style est Vhomme meme" (2"^ S. vi. 308. ;
vii. 502. ; viii. 37. 54.) — Having access to many
French works in the library of Sir. R. Taylor's
Institution, I consulted them for the purpose of
verifying the accuracy of the phrase quoted from
Buffon, and found that in all instances the form
of expression was the same. If any error has
crept into the text, the fact might be ascertained
by referring to the original " Discours," as printed
in the Memoires de VAcademie Franqaise ; in
which, I suppose, Buffon's "Discours" first ap-
peared. Into the arguments by which Mr. Stein-
METz ingeniously seeks to prove the accuracy of
his reading, I have no wish to enter. ^

The following are the titles of the works con-
sulted : —

1. De Barante, Tableau de la Littcrature rran9aiser
7bme edit. Paris. 1847.

2. Villemain, Cours de Litterature Fran9aise, tome ii.
Paris. 1846.

3. Chapsal, Modeles de Litterature Francaise, 2de edit.
Paris. 1848.

4. Feugere, Morceaux Choisis de Classiques Francjais k
rUsage des Classes Superieures, 7^me edit. Paris. 1858.

5. Chrestomathie Franpaise, ou Choix des Morceaux
tires des meilleurs E'crivains Fran9ais, par A. Vinet.
3 vols. 8vo., 4feme edit. 8vo. Bale. 1850.

What would your correspondent M. Phila.-
BBTB Chasles reply to this question, and to the
asserted "present degradation" of the French
language ? John Macbay.

Oxford.

Sir William D'Avenant (2'"i S. viii. 28.) —
D'Avenant was confined in Cowes Castle. This
appears from his own postscript to part of the
third book of Gondibert. About half of the third
book was written whilst he was a prisoner in Cowes
Castle. See Kippis's Biog. Britan. J. Y.

Ten and Tenglars, what are they ? (2"'* S. viii.
52.) — The phrase " ten and tenglars," standing
as it does in the passage cited by your correspon-
dent A. A., is evidently connected with bell-me-
tal ; and I am quite disposed to concur with your
correspondent's conjecture, that by '' ten" we are
to understand tin ; especially as tin is^ tenn in the
Swedish language, and in the composition of bell-
metal tin was extensively used.

If, then, in the phrase under consideration^
" ten " is tin, what are we to understand by "ten
and tenglars ? " May it not be " tin and ting-
lers," or " tin and tinklers ? " But, if so, what is
the meaning of " tinglers " or " tinklers ? "

Bell-metal, as we are well aware, is a mixtur&
of two or more metals. To effect a combination
of metals, it is customary to employ a flux ; and
the flux commonly used was borax. But borax
in its natural or crude state was called tincal.
May not the " ten and tenglars," then, or " tir>
and tinklers," have been tin and tincal; the "3 lb."
of tincal or borax having been used for fluxing.

2»4 S. VIIL July 30. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

99

the " 3 score and 3 lb." of tin, which were added
by the founder, in recasting the Eltham bell, to
the original " 9 hundred and a half ? "

The prices specified would accord with this
view : " 8d. the lb. " for the tin, an indigenous
production, and "25. 6d. the pound" for the tincal
imported from abroad.

With the phrase " ten and tenglars," cf. Beau-
mont and Fletcher, as cited by Richardson : —

" Here is such a tinkle tankl'mgs that we can no're be
quiet." „

Thomas Boys.

John St. Lowe (2°* S. viii. 46.) — John St. Lowe
was of Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A. 1654-5.
C. H. & Thompson Cooper.
Cambridge.

The Pretender (2'^^ S. viii. 51.) — Your corre-
spondent C. D. E. will find the subject of the al-
leged substitution of a son . of Sir Theophilus
Oglethorpe as a son of James II. (the first Pre-
tender), entered into at considerable length in
Manning's Surrey, under the article of West-
BBOOK. Heney T. Riley.

Inedited Letter (2'"» S. viii. 67.) — It is evident
from the date that this letter was not written by
Bishop Patrick, who died in 1707. Sunday was
the 18th of May in 1679 ; Tuesday in 1779.

Joseph Rix.

John Huit (2"* S. viii. 46.) — His fellow sufierer

was Sir Henry, not Sir Charles Slingsby. Sir

Henry Slingsby was admitted a fellow-commoner

of Queen's College, Cambridge, 11 Jan. 1618-19.

C. H. & Thompson Coopee.

Cambridge.

NOTES ON books, ETC.

A History of the City of Dublin. By J. T. Gilbert,
Member of the Committee of Antiquities of Boyal Irish
Academy, and Hon. Sec. Irish Archceological and Celtic
Society. Vol. III. (M^Glashaa & Gill.)

This third volume of a work which is doing for Dublin
what Pennant did for London, but doing it even more
fully and more admirably, exhibits the same character-
istics of patient research and useful illustration which
made Mr. Gilbert's preceding volumes so interesting and
valuable. Those who have seen these volumes, and
know how well Mr. Gilbert contrives to mi8gle pleasant
anecdote and historical information, will readily believe
that as, in his third volume, he has to treat, inter alia, of
the College of Physicians, College Green, the Statue of
William the Third, Chichester House, the Parliament
House, the Old Exchequer, the Royal Irish Academy,
Leinster House, &c., it will not be found deficient in
those points of excellence which have already won for the
author the reputation of a most successful local historian,
— and will, with us, rejoice to hear that the fourth
volume is already at press. When completed, Mr. Gil-
bert must give us an Index to the whole work worthy of
it and himself.

A Handbook for Travellers in Devon and Cornwall,
Fourth Edition, Revised, with Maps. (Murraj'.)

If Mr. Murray's charity in providing intending travel-
lers with useful and intelligent guides did not begin at
home ; now that it is extended to home it is found to be
so doubly blest that we have here before us the fourth edi-
tion of one of his home handbooks ; and if, as is possible,
the state of the Continent may tend.to keep many roving
Englishmen during the present season within our own
sea-girt island, who can doubt that this new edition of
an admirable Guide to the counties of Devon and Corn-
wall will find a ready welcome among them ?

llie Memorials of the Hamlet of Knigktsbridge, with
Notices of its immediate Neighbourhood. By the late Henry
George Davis. Edited by Charles Davis. (J. Eussell
Smith.)

Neither in town, nor out of town, the hamlet of Knights-
bridge exhibits to a certain extent the characteristics and
interesting features of both; and we can believe that the
collecting the materials for this pleasant little volume
may have gone far to soothe the painful life of its author —
a gentleman to whom the readers of " N. & Q." have
been indebted for many valuable pieces of information —
who died on the 30th Dec. 1857, not having completed
his 28th 3'ear. The book is one of interest, not only to
those who dwell within the district, but to manj' others,
from its curious and copious extracts from the Registers
of Knightsbridge Chapel.

Things not generally Known, familiarly Ex-plained. A
Book for Old and Voting. Second Series. By John
Timbs, F.S.A. (Kent & Co.)

We are afraid we have left Mr. Timbs's pleasant little
Handbook of Things not generally "Known too long un-
noticed : but the fault is not ours. He writes such
pleasant books that thej' are spirited away from our
reading desk before we ourselves can get a glance at
them. Tlie present volume, which is devoted to Old
English Planners, Ceremonies, and Customs, and to many
other pleasant things besides, is another evidence of Mr.
Timbs's extraordinary talent in appreciating what will
please a multitude of readers. Here is something to
gratify all tastes, from the learned antiquary to the mere
lover of pleasant gossip.

A Dictionary of Modern Cant, Slang, and Vulgar
Words, used at the Present Day in the Streets of London,
Sfc., preceded by a History of Cant and Vulgar Language
from the Time of Henry VIIL, showing its Connexion with
the Gipsey Tongue; uxith Glossaries of Two Secret Lan- .
guages spoken by the Wandering Tribes of London, the
Costermongers and the Batterers. By a London Antiquary.
(Hotten.)

The " London Antiquary " has certainly taken up a
verj'' curious and interesting branch of linguistic research.
He has given us in his reprint of the " First Canting Dic-
tionary," " the Bibliography of Cant and Slang," and
" the Vagabond's Map," some valuable materials ; but he
has still much to do to make his book bear a fair propor-
tion to its title-page. We should, judging from the st3'le
of the original information to.be found in its pages, pro-
nounce the author to be rather a man about town, than a
bookish pedant, — and to make a complete history of
Slang requires a combination of the two.

Jahrbuch fur Romanische und Eriglische Literatur unter
besonderer Mitwirkung von F. Wolf. Herausgegeben von
Dr. Adolf Ebert. 1'' B* Heft ii. und iii. (Berlin, Dumm-
ler).

We cannot better show how well this journal, lately
started at Berlin ibr the illustration of the Romance and
English Literatures and Languages, deserves the attention

100

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2»d S. \1II. July 30. '59.

of all engaged in the study of them, than by glancing at
the contents of the two numbers now before us. Besides
critical notices from the pens of Ferdinand Wolf, Pey,
Ebert, Dietrich, Delius, and Diez, we have articles on the
English Mysteries, \>y Ebert ; on the Rhythmical System of
theTroiibadours, by Bartsch ; on Le Voyage de Charlemagne,
by Paulin Paris ; on tlie Realistic Romances of Spain, by
Ferdinand Wolf; on Cintio degli Fabrizij, by Lemcke;
and on Doon de Maytnee, by Pey. These will satisfy our
readers what good service Ferdinand Wolf and Ebert are
doing us by the publication of this valuable journal.

Books Received —

Rub and his Frieiuis. By John Brown, M.D. (Con-
stable & Co.)

This is a genuine little " study from nature," and is
full of pathos and beauty, although but the story of an
old grey-brindled mastiflf, and his honest master and lov-
ing wife.

Poems of Eliza Cooh. A New Edition, in One Volume.
(Routledge & Co.)

If not poetry of the very highest order, there is so
much of homely and English feeling in the harmonious
verses of Eliza Cook, that Messrs. Routledge may well
anticipate a wide popularity for this compact and prettily
illustrated edition of her collected works.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

IlKvasTENBERo ON THE SaNDAY AN'D Sabbath, translated by Jftiiies
Martin.

»»• Lettera, stating partioulara and lowest price, cama(7e/Ve«, to be
sent to Mkssrs. Bkli. & Daldt, Publisliers of " JNOTBS AND
QUERIES," 188. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &o., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Tub Historv of Infamods Impostors. 12mo. London. 1683.
The Universal Advertiser. 12rao. Dublin. 1754.

Co.\STITUTIONF.S PHOVINCIAiSS ET SyNOOALES EcCLfcSI.ffl METROPOj:.lTAN-ai
ET PllIMATIALtS DuBI-I.VIKNSIS. 12m0. 1770.

The Case OF Trinity Cjilkoe, Dublin. 8vo. Dublin. 1791.
Miller's (George, D.D.) Two Letters to Da. I^osey. 8vo. London.

1810-41.
Calsm>ab OF Qceen's C01.LEOE, Belfast, 1851. 12mo. Dublin. 1851.

Wanted by Rev. B. II. Blacker, Bokeby, Blaokrook, Dublin.

The Freemasons' Maoazinb ok flENERAi, and Complete Library.
8to. London. In monthly parts, or 6 Volumes. 1793—96.

Wanted by Mattheio Coohe, 78. George Street, Euston Road, N. W.

. KicHOX^s's Literary Anecdotfs. Vol. VII. (Index.)

Wanted by William .7. Thorns, Esq., 40. St. George's Square,
Belgrave Road, S. W.

The promised article on Junius, which has been delayed for the purpose
of ascertaining certain precise dates, willappear in our next number.

Rbferenck'. We have again to beg our correspondents who reply to
Queries, to add to their kindncts by rifening to the precise volume and
page in which such Queries appeared. What is but a small trouble in
each case, becomes a wnrk of great labour when thrown upon one indivi-
dual; and manii Replies are necessarily postponed until we can find
time to hunt out such references, and sometimes, we fear, by that means
are eventually altogether overlooked.

Jaydeb's Heraldic Query appears to have been overlooked. Will he
kindly repeat it ?

Z. A. It seems that thegifted'youfh, T. W. Malkin, made'several in-
coherent attempts at dramatic composition, and had also begun a comic
opera, entitled The Entertaining Assembly.

" ^foT«» AND Q'.-KHiKs" ts piMishcd at noon on Friday, and is also
iisueil in Montily PAiiTa. The subscriptton for Stamped Copies for
Six ifonths forwarded direct from the Publishers (inclwiing the llalf-
Veitrhi Index) 13 lis. 4rf.. which, mat/ be paid by Post O'hce Order in
favour 0/ MEtfRs. Bell and Daldy.MS. Fleet Street, E.G.; to whom
an Coxmunicatioks for the Editos should be addressed.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 Vols.

A LIFE FOE A LIFE.

BY THE

AUTHOR OF " JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN," "A WOMAN*

THOUGHTS ABOUT WO.\IEN." ETC.

HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great Marlborough Street.

NOTES AND QUERIES^

gl ^Hrbium of Inlrr-CommuinQtion

for

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price id. unstamped ; or bd. stamped.

Contents of No. 186. — July 23rd.

NOTES : — Archbishop Leighton's Works — Prohibition of Prophe-
cies — Memorials to the Treasury, by William Henry Hart— In-
edited Letter of Bishop Patrick — Witchcraft in Churning, &c.

Mi.voB Notes ! — Dr. Johnson's Chair — A long disputed Point settled

— Our Navy Two hundred Years ago — The "Minerva" Library.

Minor Qoeribs : — Lyster Family — Richard Woodroffe — Early Eng-
lish Printing and Presses— Old Graveyards in Ireland — Barum Top

— Stonehenge — yuotation wanted — Le contrat Mohatra — liesidence
within the Tower of London — Sir Thomas Lawrence: Linley —
Cromwell and Scotland — Shelley and Barhamwick — Shooting
Soldiers — "An History of British Worthies"- MS. Question in
Paraphrase of Erasmus — County Voter's Qualification —Wink —
James Raad, D.D.

Minor Qderies with Answers : — Paintings at Vauxhall — Henry
William Bunbury —" Scraping an Acquaintance"— Wrotham, co.
Kent — Places in Surrey — English Translations of" Don Quixote"

— A Pair of Gloves preferred to the Bible.

REPLIES : — British Anthropophaai, by T. Stephens, &c.-LUac Sy-
ringa ; or Philadelphus — Cambridge Costume.

Replies to Minor Qoeries: — Michael Drayton's Poems, Lyrick and
Fastorall — Cardinal Howard — Watson Family — Graveriiggers —
Nathaniel Ward — "Urban" as a Christian Name— Scotch Para-
phrases—Knights made by Cromwell — Richard Pepys — Woodroof
(Asperula odorata) — Inn Signs by Eminent Artists — " Engliahry"
and " Irishry," — Watermarks in Paper — John Allington — Tooth
and Egg Metal, Tutenag, &c.

Notes onBooks, ic.

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : _

First Series, 13 vols, cloth, bds., price 61. &>.

Second Series, Yo\s. I. to VII., 3?. 13s. GeZ. cloth ; and

General Index tp First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

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NOTES AND QUERIES.

101

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 6. 1889.

No, 188. — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Junius and Henry Flood, 101 — A General Literary Index,
103 _ How the Lord Hi«h Chancellor goes to Westminster, 104 — So-
Intion of a Biblioeraphical Puzzle, 105 — M. Sullacombe, and the
Streets of London, lb.

Minor Notes : — Alexander Pope's Cliair — Illustration of " Boswell's
Johnson "—Sir Walter Raleigh— Preservation of Monumental Brasses
— Smoking Anecdote — Handel's Hallelujah Chorus, 106.

QUERIES : — Medireval Architecture of Venice, 108.

MmoR QoERiEs : — Bacon on Conversation — A Charity-box for Dis-
tressed Gentlemen — Prayer on setting forth an Expedition, probably
in the Reign of Elizabeth — " Liberavi animam meam "— Chambers
for the Duke of Mantua's Dwarfs — Scotch Genealogies — Bishop Po-
cocke's " Tour through Ireland " — Major Duncauson and the Massa-
cre of Glencoe — Mr. Wells —Life is before ye, &c., 108.

Minor Qderies with Answers: — Dr. Latham's Theory of Indo-Euro-
pean Lansuagcs — John Gilpin— -S. John the Evangelist —Mount St.
Michael, 110.

REPLIES: —On Style in General, Bibliography. Typography, Trans-
lation, and several other Things, by Philarfete Chasles, U 1 — Arch-
bishop Leighton's Works, by Sir J. Emerson Tennent, &c., 113 — Ti-
tles conferred by Oliver Cromwell, 1 1 4 — Adenborough, by Rev. T.
Boys, &c., 114 — Lord Erskine and Rev. Wm. Cockin, 115 — "Harpoys
et Fissheponde," by Rev. T. Boys,/6.

Replies to Minor Queries: —Osmunda Regalis — Slielley and Bar-
hamwick — Herbert Knowles — Designation of Works under Review
—Passports — Mence or Mense Family —Torture : S. Dominic — Dates
of Birth and Death of British and American Authors — Ulphilas —
Gravediggers — Faber v. Smith, 116.

Notes on Books, Sec.

fiatti.

JUNIUS AND HENRY FLOOD.

In 1814 a Tory friend, on whose veracity I had
and have full reliance, informed me that himself
and another partisan had, by the death of a third
person, become the sole depositaries of a tradi-
tional secret — the authorship of Jtmius's Letters ;
and he proposed that I should replace the de-
ceased trustee. Under this successional obliga-
tion he communicated to me a name, which,
during nearly forty-five years, has never passed
my lips or my pen. •

The name did not surprise me. It was of one
who, though he had died in my childhood, had
lived in men's thought and sp#ech beyond my
maturity. My only wonder was — and among the
multitude of Junian conjectures still is — that the
social and political position of its bearer, his re-
solved spirit, his fervid eloquence, had not, long
since, placed him among the foremost designates
of the Junian laurel — him, in whom were so nota-
bly combined the Achillean attributes — "Impiger,
iracundus, inexorabilis, acer."

Time passed. Toryism declined into Conser-
vatism : family cares and duties withdrew me
from hopeless politics : my informant quitted Lon-
don, and our associate in the secret died. He
himself has since departed to that world whither
the " Magni Nominis Umbra " had long preceded
them, and whither I — now more than octoge-
narian — must soon follow.

Thus, in the lifetime yet remaining to me, I am
left to deal with the trust which, so oppositely to
its own provision and purpose, has devolved on
myself alone. Selected to carry on its trans-
mission with another survivor, how can I act

singly upon it ? And, should its secret die with
me, will not the disclosure be frustrated, which
had evidently bee» intended at some date or
under some contingency, one or other whereof
must, in the forty-five years of my trusteeship,
have surely eventuated ?

Taking counsel with mine own conscience, I
have arrived at the conclusion, that my duty will
be most reasonably fulfilled by an immediate dis-
closure. It is no fault of mine that I am put to
elect between the literal infraction of a trust and
its practical defeasance : but I am thus far re-
lieved in the dilemma : my personal interests are
unconcerned in the matter ; and he, over whose
tomb more than seventy years have passed, can-
not suffer in his reputation, nor can his family in
their fortunes. I speak herein with an hereditary
warranty : " The Drapier " wrote with the acri-
mony, and published with the mystery, of " The
Junius ; " but the authorship of his Letters has
neither discredited his name nor prejudiced his
kindred.

Proffering this communication to the pages of
" N. & Q., — the centre-point from whose peri-
phery converge the lines of inquiry and of solu-
tion,— I ask its readers' fair construction of my
motive, and — whatever credence they may give
to my informant — their full belief that I was thtis
informed.

The author of Junius's Letters was Henet
Flood. Valeat Quantum.

[We are greatly indebted to our correspondent
for his communication. All who read it — cer-
tainly all who could read the correspondence
which preceded its publication — must feel as-
sured, not only of the truth of our correspond-
ent's statement, as to the information contained in
it having been communicated to him in the way
which he relates, but of the propriety of feeling
which has induced him now to make it public.

Our correspondent will, we feel assured, in the
same way do justice to the motives by which we
are actuated in pointing out the objections which
exist to the theory of Henry Flood having written
the Letters of Junius. We are acting in the spirit
of his own communication, viz. that of doing our
best to establish the truth with regard to a point
of considerable literary and historical interest.

Our correspondent does not seem to be aware
that Henry Flood has already been named more
than once as the author of these celebrated Let-
ters. We do not exactly know^where or when
his claim was first advanced, but it was previous
to the publication of Woodfall's edition in 1812,

i where it is mentioned and disposed of in the fol-

I lowing terms : —

i " Another person who has had a claim advanced in his

I favour upon the same subject, is the late celebrated

I Henry Flood, M.P., of Ireland. Now, without wander-

! ing at large for proofs that Mr. Flood could not have

#

102

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<» S. VIII. Aug. 6. '59.

been the writer of the Letters of Junius, it is only suffi-
cient to call the reader's attention to the two following
facts, Avhich are decisive of the subject in question : —

" First, Mr. Flood was in Ireland throughout a great
part of the summer of 1768, and at a time when Junius,
whoever he may have been, was perpetually correspond-
ing with the printer of the Public Advertiser, and with a
rapidity which could not have been maintained, not only
in Ireland, but even at a hundred, and occasionally at less
than fifty, miles' distance from the British metropolis.
This fact may be collected, among other authorities, from
the following passage in Mr. Campbell's Life of Boyd,
and is just as adverse to the pretensions of the one as of
the other.

" ' In the summer of 1768, Boj'd went to Ireland for a
few months on some private business. During his stay in
Dublin he was constantly in the company of Mr. Flood.'

"Next, by turning to the private letter of Junius,
No. 44., of the date of Nov. 27, 1771, the reader will find
the following paragraph : ' I fear your friend Jerry Dyson
will lose his Irish pension. Say "received." ' The mark
' received ' occurs accordingly in the Public Advertiser of
the day ensuing. Now by turning to the Irish debates
of this period, we shall find that the question concerning
this pension was actually determined by the Irish Par-
liament just two days before the date of the above-men-
tioned private letter, and that Mr. Flood was one of the
principal opponents of the grant, a circumstance which
precludes the possibility of believing him to have written
the letter in question. 'We shall extract the article from
■whence this information is derived, from the Public Adver-
tiser of Dec. 18, 1771.

" * Authentic copj' of the conclusion of the speech which
Mr. Flood made in the Irish House of Commons, on Mon-
day the 25th of November last, when the debate on the
pension of Jeremiah Dyson, Esq., came on before the
Committee of Supplies : —

« ' « But of all the burthens which it has pleased

Government to lay upon our devoted shoulders, that
•which is the subject of the present debate is the most
grievous and intolerable. — Who does not know Jeremiah
Dyson, Esq. ? — We know little of him indeed, otherwise
than by his name in our pension list; but there are
others who know him by his actions. This is he who is
endued with those happy talents, that he has served
every administration, and served every one with equal
success, — a civil, pliable, goodnatured gentleman, who
will do what you will, and say what you please, — for pay-
ment."

" ' Here Mr. Flood was interrupted and called to order
by Mr. ^I., who urged that more respect ought to be paid
to Mr. D3'son as one of his Majest3''s officers, and, as
such, one whom his Majesty was graciously' pleased to
repose confidence in. However, Mr. Flood went on:
" As to the royal confidence reposed in Mr. Dyson, his
gracious Majesty (whom ,God long preserve) has been
graciously lavish of it, not only to Mr. Dyson, but to the
friends of 5Ir. Dyson ; and I think the choice was good.
The royal secrets will, I dare saj', be very secure in their
breasts, not only for the love they bear to his gracious
INIajesty, but for the love they bear to themselves. In
the present case, however, we do not want to be informed
of that part of Mr. Dyson's character — we know enough
of him — everybodj' knows enough of him. Ask the
British treasury — the British council — ask an}' Eng-
lishman who he is, what he is — they can all tell 3'ou, for
the gentleman is well known. But what have we to do
with him? He never served Ireland, nor the friends of
Ireland. And if this distressed kingdom was never bene-
fited by his counsel, interest, or service, I see no good
cause why this kingdom should reward him. Let the

honourable members of this House consider this, and give
their voices accordingly. For God's sake let every man
consult his conscience. If Jeremiah Dyson, Esq., shall be
found to deserve this pension, let it be" continued ; if not,
let it be lopped off' our revenue as burthensome and un-
necessary'." ' "— Woodfall's Junius (ed. 1814), pp. 156—9.

Flood's name was again brought forward in
1838 bj Warden Flood, in his Memoirs of the
Life and Correspondence of the Rt. Hon. Henri/
Flood, M.P., who tells us (p. 81.) that —

" Mr._ Flood had pretensions to the authorship of Junius.
And, without more than recording a few anecdotes on the
subject, he may have had as well-sustained pretensions
as some who have been put forward ; since hypothetical
arguments, however lengthened, in support of a parti-
cular and popular personage, do not give greater cer-
tainty to the fact.* A literary inquirj' so curious as the
authorship of the celebrated Letters of Junius, has bafllied
for years the most ingenious conjectures. The nearer we
approach the object of our inquisitiveness, when we are
about to place the chaplet of immortal ba3'S on the head
of the supposed author, he eludes the completion of our
labour, like a delightful delusion of nature which pictures
to our vision an imaginary object that we pursue with
confidence till nearness informs of its unreality. It ia
fortunate Junius has left no certain trace of his personal
distinctness, no clue to saj' he was the man.

" Mr. Flood, however, possessed much of the peculiar
genius of that writer, and a classic commentator re-
marked, when the political warfare was carrying on, that
his satire had much of the epigrammatic point of Achi-
locus. The time Mr. Flood flourished, his politics, his
compositions, and his position in society gave a sort of
colouring to the supposition that was hazarded by many
of his acquaintances, regarding his identity with Junius.
The following anecdotes, however, are all the materials
with which the biographer has to sustain the fact. Colo-
nel Luttrel (the first Lord of Carhampton) was a great
stickler for abuses, particularlj' in the army and pension
estimates ; he gave bitter and unmitigated opposition to
any measure suggested by Mr. Flood for their diminu-
tion. In one of the letters of Junius the colonel is exhi-
bited in no very enviable position. He happened to visit
the house of a friend, whom he found attentively perusing
a paper : ' What arc you reading ? ' inquired Luttrel. ' A
letter of Junius,' responded his friend. 'Who do you
think is he? ' * Why,' said the colonel, ' to be sure that

d d fellow, Harry Flood.' .The conjecture of Colonel

Luttrel operated as a well-attested fact, and gave an
acerbity to his observations, within and without the doors
of parliament, when opposed by his Junius.

" When Sir Lawrence Parsons was on a visit at Farm-
le3', one evening the conversation turned on Junius. Mr.
Flood, who had been in his stud}', entered the room just
as Lady Frances said that Junius ought to make his real
name known. Mr. Flood sat down and looked fixedl}'
at Lady Frances; the conversation on the authorship
dropped, and afterwards Mr. Flood turned it to some
other subject. Sir Lawrence Parsons thought he traced,
in the manuscript of the letters at Woodfall's, the small
cramped handwriting of Lady Frances Flood.

" The question he put to a'connexion of his is charac-
teristic enough of the man, and of Junius. ' What is
your definition of a secret?' 'A circumstance only
known to two persons.' 'No,' replied Mr. Flood, 'it
ceases to be a secret the moment it is known to anj' one
but yourself.' "

* Lord Eosse has been mentioned as strongly of opinion
that Mr. Flood was Junius.

2»'i S. Vlir. Aug. G. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

103

But Mr. Warden Flood's own book, if it were
not so imperfect as it is with rejfard to precise
dates, would furnish evidence that Flood could not
have been Junius. Mr. Warden Flood tells us of
Flood's duel with Mr. Agar, in which the latter
was shot. This took place on 25th August, 1769,
and Mr. Flood quotes letters from Lord Lifford
and Lord Charlemont upon the subject, dated re-
spectively the 6th and 10th of September. From
this time then, — the end of August, 1769, until
the 16th of April, 1770, when he was tried at the
Kilkenny Assizes, and acquitted, the verdict be-
ing, as we are told in the Life of Grattan *,
" manslaughter in his own defence," Flood is be-
lieved to have been imprisoned in Ireland.

Let us see how Junius was employed during
the same period ; and we shall then be enabled to
judge how far it is possible that Flood and Junius
can be one and the same person.

Now, referring to Junius' own edition of his
Letters, namely that published by Woodfall in
1772, — the only edition which should be referred
to when it contains the information of which we
are in search, — we find that between the begin-
ning of Sept. 1769, and April, 1770, there appeared
the following letters : —

1769, 4th Sept. Philo-Junius to Printer of the Public
Advertiser.

19th Sept. Junius to Duke of Bedford.

25th Sept. Junius to Sir VV. Draper.

13th Oct. Junius to Printer of Public Advertiser.

20th Oct. Ditto ditto.

19th Oct. Ditto ditto. .

17th Oct. Ditto ditto.

14th Nov. Ditto ditto.

loth Nov. Ditto ditto.

29th Nov. Junius to Duke of Grafton.

12th Dec. Ditto ditto.

19th Dec. Junius to Printer of Public Advertiser
(the celebrated Letter to the King).
1770, 14th Feb. Junius to Duke of Grafton.

19th Mar. Junius to Printer of Public Advertiser.
3rd Apr. Ditto ditto.

But the inference to be drawn from the fact of
the appearance of these fifteen letters from the
pen of Junius during the period of Flood's im-
prisonment,— namely, that Flood could not be the
writer, — is converted into something like certainty
when we come to the Private Correspondence

• In this work, also, we find Flood's claim considered
and negatived. " Mr. Flood was supposed to have been
the author of the Letters of Junius ; but the comparison
of the letters of Syndercombe, which he certainly wrote,
with those of Junius, will go far to disprove the probabi-
lity ; and, on reference to two of the letters, this is esta-
blished beyond doubt ; for one of the letters of Junius to
Sir William Draper was written on the 21st of February,
1769. and appeared but a few days after the publication
of Sir William Draper's letter, dated the 17th, and to
which it was a reply. At that time Mr. Flood was in
Ireland, and it would not have been possible for a reply
to have been made by him, and published in London, in
the short space within which that letter of Junius ap-
peared." {Life of Henri/ Grattan, i. 157-159.)

which Junius held with Woodfall during the same
period.

Junius must have been in London on " Fx-idny
Night, Sept. 15, 1769," when he wrote to Wood-
fall : " I beg you will to-morrow advertise Junius
to another duke in our next."

Again, in his private letter, No. 13., dated 16th
Nov. 1769, he says: "As I do not chuse to an-
swer for anybody's sins but my own, I must desire
you to say to-morrow, — 'We can assure the
Public that the letter signed A. B., relative to
the Duke of Rutland, is not written by the au-
thor of Junius' " But Junius's presence in Lon-
don on Dec. 19, 1769, is conclusive, inasmuch as
he corrects in a private letter to Woodfall of that
date an important error in his celebrated Letter
TO THE King, which appeared in the Public Ad'
vertiser of that day. It is No. 16. of the Private
Letters : —

• "Dec. 19, 1769.

" For material affection, for God's sake read maternal;
it is in the sixth Paragraph. The rest is excellently
done."

This appears to us to be conclusive evidence
against Flood. That Flood was the author of
many political articles, the secret of whose author-
ship was for a long tiine sedulously concealed —
perhaps, among others, the Letters of Syndercomie
— we cannot doubt. Known to have written ar-
ticles of this character, the more celebrated
epistles of Junius have been perhaps confounded
with them by over-zealous friends, who, fully be-
lieving Flood to be Junius, took those measures
for handing down to posterity what they believed
to be the fact which have been already clearly
explained by our correspondent Valeat Quan-
tum, who has with so much good feeling and good
taste told the readers of " N. & Q." the story as it
was told to him, — namely, that the author of the
Letters of Junius, who is generally believed to have
been an Irishman, was no less a person than tho
Hibernian Demosthenes Henet Flood.]

A geneeal liteeaey index.
(2"'» S. i. 486., &c.)
My last contribution to a General Literary In-
dex was in July, 1857. With your permission, I
shall continue it shortly. Meanwhile, I send for
your inspection contributions for the Companion
Index — An Index of Authors. Knowing by ex-
perience how much time and labour are lost by
inaccurate references, I specify not only the
volume, but the page in which the information is
to be found.

Part I. — An Index of Authors.

" Abffilardi (Petri), Filosofi et Theologi Abbatis Royen-

sis et Heloisse Conivgis Eivs Prima? Paracletensis

Abbatissffi Opera. Nvnc primvm edita ex MMS.

Codd. V. lUvstr. Francisci Amboesii Equitis, etc.

104

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<i S. VIII. Aug. 6. '59.

Cum eiusdem Proefatione Apologetica et Censura
Doctorum Parisiensium. 4to. Paris, 1616.

la eodem volumine, Alias Mag. P. A. Nannetensis et
alioruin. eiusdem temporis Epistolse, quibus adjectae
sunt et Innocentii II. Papaa, S. Bernardi Clareuall.
Abbatis, Heloissaj, Berengarii Scholastici, Fulconis
Prion's de Diogillo, itemque Petri Venerabilis Abba-
tis Cluniacensis ad illius seculi Ilistoriam maxime
pertinentes.

Item, Expositiones in Orationem Dominicam, In Sym-
bolum Apostolorum, in Symbolum S. Athanasii : et
Heloissae Paraclitensis Diaconissje Problemata, cum
eiusdem Petri Aba>lardi Solutionibus.

Item, Adversus Haereses Liber.

Item, Commentariorum super S. Pauli Epistolam ad
Eomanos Libri v.

Item, Sermones per annum legendi, ad Virgines Para-
clitenses in Oratorio constitutas.

Item, Introductio ad Theologiam, divisa in III. Libros.

Item, Andreae Quercetani (Duchesne) Turonensis Notas
ad Historiam Calamitatum Petri Abaelardi: Quae
scripserit Petrus Abaelardus apperietur et demonstra-
bitur in Notis." '

This edition is described in the General Dictionary',
Historical and Critical, s. v. Amboise. Very rare, accord-
ing to Ebert, on large paper as this copy is. See also
Clement, Niceron. De Bure.

In Ranken's History of France, vol. iii. Append., there
is an original Translation of the two first Epistles of
Heloisa and Abeilard, " in which Heloisa dwells with
such touching and passionate truth on her yet unextin-
guished affection, but the springs of Abelard's love had
been frozen by age, sorrow, his great calamits', his perse-
cutions," &c. Milman's Latin Christianity, iii. 369. Com-
pare Hallam, i. 32., and Notes and Queries, vi. 407. Other
editions and versions : Abelardi et Heloisa Epistolce, ed.
Eawlinson, 8vo., Lond., 1718. John Berington, The
History of tha Lives of A. and H. ; comprising a period of
eightj'-four j'ears from 1079 to 1163 : with their genuine
Letters from the collection of Amboise. Birm. and Lond.,
1787. Sec. ed. 1788, 4to. See also Notes and Queries, xi.

188. Tennemann, who observes, " The epistolary corre-
spondence of Abelard and Heloise, which has been pre-
served, bespeaking the painful reminiscence of their past
happiness, and overflowing with a spirit of sublime me-
lancholy, is a glorious monument of romantic loVe."
Warton, in his Essay on the Genius arid Writings of Pope,
points out what passages are borrowed, and how much
improved (in his unrivalled Epistle) from the original
Letters, vol. i. 304—35.

Bernard's letters, condemning Abelard's Theologia, or
Introductio in Theologiam, his Sententice, S<Mo teipsum,
and Epistola ad Romanos, pp. 270 — 96., will also be found
in Bernardi Opera, together with others, vide Epist. 188,

189, 190, 191, 192. 193. : of all of which Dupin, in his
History of Ecclesiastical Writers, gives an analj'sis (torn.
X. 56.). He also inserts, pp. 111-12., the collection of
propositions extracted from Abelard's works, which was
read and pronounced heretical at the Council of Soissons.
The errors imputed to him will also be found.in Posse-
vinus, ii. 232., and Ranken's History of France, iii. 183.
That he believed in the doctrine of the Satisfaction of
Christ is shown from his Apology, or Confession, ad-
dressed, " universis Ecclesiae Sanctae Filiis " (pp. 330 — 3.)
by Dupin, ut supra, and by Prideaux in his Lectiones,
p, 295. Cf. Epist. 21., and his Epistle, or Confession, ad-
dressed to Heloisa, prefixed to their Letters, and inserted
in Epist. 17. " Quae est Berengarii Scholastici Apologe-
-ticus, contra B. Bernardum," &c., p. 308-9. "Nolo," says

Abelard, " sic esse Philosophus, ut recalcitrem Paulo.
Non sic esse Aristoteles, ut secludar a Christo. Non enim

aliud nomen est sub coelo, in quo oporteat me salvum
fieri."

Dupin gives an account of all the works of Abelard
which were published in his time ; Neander an analysis
of the most important, those very remarkable treatises in-
cluded which were published by Rheinwald in 1835, and
by M. Cousin in 1836. (See Sir James Stephen's Led.
on the Hist, of France.) Milman states {Latin Chris-
tianity, iii. 380.) that Cousin has only printed parts of
the Sic et Non, but that the whole has now been printed'
by Henke and Lindenkohl, Marburg, 1851. For his
maxims of Theology Giesler (vol. iii. 283.) refers to In-
troductio ad Theologiam, lib. ii. c. 1. (0pp. p. 1046.), cap.
ii. p. 1047., cap. iii. pp. 1058, 59, 1060, 61. Leyserus no-
tices the verses de B. Virgine in p. 1136. 0pp., and men-
tions Hymns in MS. in the Cottonian Library. Heloisa
was so celebrated for her attainments, that among her
romantic countrymen, the Bretons, she furnished a subject
for a ballad, in which she is represented as a sorceress.
Voy. Chants Populaires de la Bretagne, recucillis et publiis
avee une Traduction frangaise, §•<;., par Th. Hersart de la
Villemarqu^, Paris, 1846.

Part II. — Collections and Anonymous Works.

Abaelardus, Saec. XI. Ethica seu Liber : Scito Teipsum.
V. Pezii Thesaur. iii. part 2. 626-88. Neander remarks
in his General Church History (viii. 318.), that Abe-
lard's notions of vice and virtue ai'e answered with
great clearness by Thomas Aquinas in his sensible in-
quiry into the relation of the actus exterior and the in-
tentio and perfect will, as the will energetic in act. An
analysis of this, " the first particular work on morals
among the men of the new scientific direction," will be
found in Neander, vbi supra, pp. 127-132. — Theologia
Christiana; w. Marten e et Durand. Thesaur. v. 1139-60.
This "Introduction to Theology" (which he intended
to be "sacrse eruditionis summa quasi divinae scripturae
introductio," but which did not extend beyond the
doctrine of the Trinity) he sent forth under another
shape, in his work on Christian Theology, but without
softening the harshness of those passages which, in the
first edition, had given offence to many. — E.xpositio in
Hexameron; v. Martene et Durand. Thesaur. v. 1361-
1416. Abelard was strongly opposed to an aristocracy
of knowledge in Christianity, and accordingly, although
he points out the distinction between "formare" and
" creare," he does not show that creation, in the proper
sense of the word, was not admitted by the Greek or Ro-
man philosophers. He notices the significancj' of the
plural name, Elohira. For a long list of works on the
Creation, see Darling's Cyclopcedia Sibliographica, vol. iii.
151. et seq. ; Rithmus, de S. Trinitate; v. Martene et Du-
rand. Collect, ix. 1092-96. This abounds in antitheses
and paradoxes. In addition to the references given in
Part I., it may be remarked that Launoy in his treatise,
entitled Z>e Varia Aristotelis Fortuna in Academia Pari-
siensi, has given a collection of citations from different
authors who have reprobated the Scholastic method of
theology, &c.

BiBLIOTHECAB. ChGTHAM.

HOW THE LORD HIGH CHANCELLOB GOES TO
WESTMINSTER.

Among the muniments of a noble family which
numbers a Lord Chancellor in its ancestral roll of
worthies, I have found a paper in the handwriting
of Charles II.'s reign, but undated, purporting to

■2"^S. VIII. Aug. G. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

105

be an account of "The Usuall manner of the Lord
High Chancello" his goeinge to Westm' the first
(lay of everye Terme, whither on Horse or in
Coach, and how Attended." I presume, from ex-
ternal and internal evidences, that the document
is genuine, and the writer an authority on the
subject. I send you some extracts from the
paper, on the chance that there is no printed ac-
count of the ceremony which^it describes. It
commences thus : —

" His LordPP the first day of every Terme, about eight
of the Clocke ia the morning, is Attended att his owne
house by the Lord Cheife Justice, the M'' of the Rolles,
the Cheife Justice of the Comon Please and the Cheife
Baron of the Excheq'", together w*i> all the Judges, the
Attorney and SoUicitor Generall, w^^ the rest of the
Kinge and Queene's Councill and the Sarjeants at law,
and w"! all the Officers belongeinge to the High Court
of Chancerye, where they are treated vr^^ Biskett Wafers,
round Cakes, and Mackeroenes, and w*'' brewed and
burnt wyne served after this manner."

The following extract will suffice to show what
manner this was : —

" Thirdly, The brewed Wyne in a faire great Cupp
conteyninge a Galloon, brought in by the Usher of the
Great Chamber and p'sented to the Lord ChancellC,
whoe drinkes to the M"^ of the Rolles and Lord Cheife
Justice of the Common Please, and soe goes about to the
Judges and the rest of the Officers in[that roome."

" Which Cerimonye Ended his LordPP sets forward for
Westm'" Hall in manner followeinge. If his LordPP goes
in a Coach, then the M"^ of the Rolles sitts in the Coach
by him, and the two Lord Cheife. Justices sitts at the
other End of the Coach, the Sarjt at Armes sitts alone in
one Boot, and the Seale Bearer alone in the other Boote.
The Lord Cheife Baron and the rest of the Judges, King's
Councills, and Sarj«» at Law, and Officers of the Chancery
followe in their Coaches, everyone in their order and de-
gree, to Westm"^ Hall doore, where his LordPP takes
Leave of the Lord Cheife Justice and the rest, and soe
passing by the Court of Common Please, there finds the
Sarj'* at Lawe placed before the Barr of that Court,
p'senting themselves to his LordPP according to theire
Seniority, his LordPP shakeing them by the hand as hee
passes alonge, w<=^ Ceremonye Ended his LordPP goes up
to the Chancery Court. But if his LordPP rides on horse-
backe Foure footmen goes by his LordPP, two of one side
of his LordPP' Horse and two of the other — hee rides
foremost alone w*'' a small wand in his hand, and his
Gent" of his horse walkes by his Stirrup — next his
LordPP rides the Lord Cheife Justice and the M' of the
Rolls, &c. &c. But before his LordPP there first walkes
the Sarj' at Armes, and the Seale Bearer, and first Gent.
Usher; before them his LordPP' Secretary and all the
rest of his retinewe in order, all bare. Next before them
walke the Officers of the Chancerj'e in their Orders and
degree, all coverd. Before all goe the Tipstaves of the
Court and the Constables, whoe cleare the way for his
LordPP passage through the Streetes to Westm"" Hall
doore, where his LordPP allyghtinge delivers his Wand to
his Gent" of the Horse, soe takes leave of the Lords
Cheife Justice as before, and receives the Sarj" at Law at
the Common Pleas Barr, and soe goes to the Chancerye."

Is any, and what, part of this ancient ceremony
still observed ? H.

SOLUTION OF A BIBIilOGBAPHICAL PUZZLE.

" The First Catalogue of the most Vendible Books in
England, Orderly and Alphabetically digested, the like
Work never j'et performed bj' any. Varietas Deleetat.
London, 1658. 4to."

Among the many difficulties which doubt has
originated, as regards old books and their real
authors, few have puzzled the English bibliogra-
pher more in affixing the " pal mam qui meruit
ferat" than the volume named above, which Dib-
dln, in the Bibliomania (edit. 1811, pp. 397-8.),
strongly recommends in the following terms : —

" Whenever you can meet with the small volume,
purchase it, Lisardo, if it be only for the sake of reading
the spirited introduction to it. The Author was a Man,
whoever he may chance to be, of no mean intellectual
powers."

See also his edition of More's Utopia (vol. ii.
pp. 260 — 264) ; The Athenceum, edited by Dr. J.
Aikin (1807, vol. ii. pp. 601-4.), and other notices
of this volume.

Darling, in his recent Cyclopcedia Bibliogra-
phica (art. London, Wm.), therein supposing the
editor to have been a bookseller in Yorkshire,
says " the authorship has often been attributed to
Archbishop Juxon : the signature (William Lon-
don), at the end of the Dedication, having been
taken for his official signature, who was then (1658)
Bishop of London." In looking recently over some
old books, I came across a small but well-known
school-book (Hoole's), Ph'aseologia Anglo- Latina
in usum ScholcB Bristoliensis, 12mo. This volume
bears the imprint of " London, printed by E. Coles
for William London, bookseller, Newcastle, 1655.
It is in this direction, therefore, that information
must be sought relative to one of the first English
essay writers " on the use of books," and " upon
the value and benefits of learning and knowledge."
I trust that as the fingerpost Is now set up, that
the spirit of research among your friends will be
aroused to this " new northern worthy," and they
will shortly present you some interesting details
as to his circumstances, &c., though none is to be
found in the Rev. John Brand's History of Neic-
castle-upon-Tyne. N. T.

[See «N. & Q." 1" S. vi. 515. 592. ; vii. 390.]

M. SULLACOMBE, AND THE STREETS OE LONDON.

The attention of Londoners is so forcibly and
painfully directed just now to the sanitary condi-
tion of the metropolis, that I have read with a
personal feeling of interest a curious MS. me-
morial or letter (which has recently come into my
possession), written by a Hollander to some un-
known English correspondent during the reign of
Charles II., on the subject of cleansing the streets
of London and Westminster. I submit some ex-
tracts from the letter, for the edification of your

106

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''<' S. VIII. Aug. 6, '5&.

readers. The paper is endorsed, " Monsieur Sul-
lacombe's Proposition for cleansing y" Streets of
London," and is dated at the close» " London, f 4-
Dec. 1670." The author sets out by assuming as
an indisputable fact the foul condition of the me-
tropolitan streets, and then proceeds to answer by
anticipation the arguments which would be urged
against his sanitary reform by the Tory legisla-
tors of the period : —

" It is ti-ue," he observes, " that when I begin to repre-
sent this matter publiquely, it may be replyd to me, That
if too day y« Streets were all made clean, too morrow you
shall see them as bad as before ; But as this was y" same
Objection w"'* with great heat was made to me at Paris, so
I have still sufficient Reasons to gain this Point. I have
said it there, and I saj' y« same now here, That this Ob-
jection is not at all available : for should we say. If you
wash your hands your Feet and your Linnen too day
they shall be dirty too morrow, ought not they therefore
to be washd at all ? The Reason is quite contrary, for
ever}' one is obliged to make clean every day that w^"* is
subject to be fowle, if they would not have all to be
stinking and unclean."

So much for the objectors to our reformer's
project, which is briefly this : — He proposes that
the same plan should be adopted in London as in
Holland —

" Where every Family makes clean y^ street before his
House, and that w'='> this People doe by natarall Inclina-
tion, and without Constraint, ought to be introduced
here bj- Sovereign ord"", because it concerns y^ Common

good By this I intend. That in all y^ great

Streets this ord"^ may be observd, That as farr as y" front
of each house extends the Inhabitants shall keep a Pave-
ment neat and clean of three paces in Length before y"
^ House to the Street, which is as much as those that
walke on foot can desire. And that for seeing this fully
elFected, som officers may be appointed daily to goe y^
rounds in their severall quarters at a certain houre every
morning, according to the Season of the year, uppon a
penalty to be inflicted on them as it is now in Practise at
Paris, where that Town is in this kind greatly accommo-
dated."

Our modern district boards and street orderlies
are not improvements greatly in advance of Mons.
Sullacombe's suggestions. He proceeds to throw
out another hint, which has since been adopted in
our workhouse system, namely, that if domestic
servants cannot be employed in street-cleaning, it
would be easy and advantageous to supply tbeir
place by some of the " stout and sturdy Beggars,
■who swarm in these two Cities in such vast num-
bers, that a man can scarsely save himselfe from
their Importunity — and there wants nothing else
but to furnish them with Water and Brooms."
He illustrates this suggestion by " a pleasant ex-
ample in a modern Town of y^ Low Coiintries
{Spanish Netherlands), which finding itselfe over-
whelmed by an insufferable number of these
Rogues within y® Town and without, very much
incommoded by a high Mountain that hindred
their Fortifications, they made a great part of
those Eogues worke by force, fastning them with
Chaines of Iron to y" Wheelbarrowes, and this for

5 solz a day well payd ; By vi"^ meanes it not
onely came to pass that they that workd were in
a short time freed from the disgrace they lay
under, but y^ Town was freed of all y" rest ; for
they, flying from worke as from y" mouth of a
Cannon, and being still disposd to Idleness,
quitted this Quarter as if they had bin drove
away by the Plague." The dirt and refuse re-
moved from the pavement, Mons. Sullacombe
suggests, should be regularly carried away by "y"
Dungcarts appointed for that end ;" and the pro-
fit arising from the sale of " these Imraundities
may in some measure serve for gratifying the said
officers." He proceeds to enlarge upon the ad-
vantages of his project at some length, and closes
with a suggestion that the " old ill kind of Pave-
ment, with small sharp stones," then used in the
streets, should be changed for a regular paving,
with " stones well cutt for this purpose as is par-
ticularly seen at Anvers," &c. Such a pavement,
he is glad to observe, is occasionally seen in Lon-
don, " in severall places about Whitehall, and par-
ticularly all along y" King's Garden between y®
two Gates over against y" Cockpitt." In reply to
an anticipated objection that a sufficient quantity
of suitable paving-stones cannot be obtained in
England, he recommends the adoption of " that
sort of Bricke which wee call Clinchart, that is to
say sounding Brick, because, if you throw it on
y® ground, its great hardness makes it resound as
a clock of which wee are capable to fur-
nish successively a great quantity." The dura-
bility of this material he considers amply proved
by its use "at y^ Court of y« Palace of y'= Hague,
where it hath continued above 60 yeares, millions
of Coaches passing over it, and is at this day in a
very good condition." The language of the let-
ter is unusually idiomatic for a foreigner, but the
last sentence is unmistakeably of French con-
struction : —

" In all that is above said there is nothing impossible,
if you will ; and, for my part, I know not why j'ou Avill
not. But I well know y^ Reasons why you shuld doe it,
when that thing shall be y« last difficulty of w<^'' I think
I have shewn you y" contrary."

The interest of the subject, and the quaintness
of its treatment, must form my apology for the
length of these extracts.

Is anything known of Mons. Sullacombe as a
■practical sanitary reformer ? H. G. H.

Raymond Buildings, Gray's Inn.

Alexander Pope's Chair. — Having occasion to
visit Audley End in December, 1852, the late
Lord Braybrooke directed my attention to a
notable relic of Alexander Pope standing in the
library, namely, a narrow-backed arm-chair of
curious workmanship, containing a central medal-

■2n'J S. VIII. Aug. G. '59.]

NOTES AND. QUERIES.

107

lion of Venus, armed with an arrow and a burn-
ing heart. On tbe back is a brass plate with the
following inscription : —

" This chair, once the propcrtj' of Alexander Pope, was
cjiven as a keepsake to the nurse who attended him in his
last illness. From her descendants it was obtained by
the Rev. Thomas Ashle}', when curate of the parish of
Binfield, and kindly presented by him to Lord Braj--
brooke in 1844, nearly a century after the poet's de-
cease."

J. Yeoweix.

Illustration of " BoswelVs Johnson." — I am
struck with the coincidence between the follow-
ing passages. The first occurs in Mr. Boswell's
Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides (2nd edit. p.
505.): —

" At Sir Alexander Dick's, from that absence Of mind
to which every man is at times subject, I told, in a
blundering manner. Lady Eglintoune's complimentary
adoption of Dr. Johnson as her son, for I unfortunately
stated that her ladyship adopted him as her son, in con-
sequence of her having been married the year after he
was born. Dr. Johnson instanth' corrected me. . ' Sir,
don't you perceive that j-ou are defaming the Countess ?
For supposing me to be her son, and that she was not
married till the 3'ear after my birth, I must have been
her natural son.' A j'oung lady of qualitj', who was pre-
sent, very handsomely said, 'Might no't the son have
justified the fault?' 'My friend was much flattered by
this compliment, which he never forgot. When in more
than ordinary spirits, and talking of his journey in Scot-
land, he has called to me, ' Boswell, what was it that the
young lady of quality said of me at Sir Alexander
Dick's?' Xobody will doubt that I was happv in re-
peating it."

Now I put in juxta-position with [this the fol-
lowing from the first scene in King Lear (slightly
abbreviated) : —

" Kent. Is not this 3'our son, my Lord?

" Gloucester. Sir, this young fellow's mother had in-
deed. Sir, a son for her cradle ere she had a husband for
her bed. Do 3'ou smell her fault ?

" Kent. I cannot wish the fault undone, the issue of it
being so proper."

Might not the young lady of quality have bor-
rowed the compliment from this passage ? G. J.

Sir Walter Raleigh. — Whilst searching amongst
some MSS. in the State Paper Office, I found the
following document relating to Sir Walter Raleigh,
which perhaps may be interesting to some of your
historical readers. It is dated 1606, and was pro-
bably written during the month of March. It
throws some light on the sufferings Sir Walter
underwent during his imprisonment in the Tower.

" Sir Water Ealeghs complayning is in this manner.
All his left sj'de is extreme cold out of sense or motion
or num. His fingers on the same syde begining to be
contracted and his tong taken in sum parte in so mj'che
that he speketh wekely and it is to be fered he may ut-
terly lose the use of it.

" peter Turner, D. of Phisick.

" in respect of these circumstances to speke lyke a
phisition it were good for him if it might stand with
your Honores lyking that he were removed from the cold

lodging where he lyeth unto a warmer that is to say a
little room w"''* he hath bilt in the garden adjoining to
his stilhouse."

W. 0. w.

Scarborough.

Preservation of Monumental Brasses. — At one
of the late meetings of the Society of Antiquaries,
it was stated that these noble and interesting ob-
jects are still frequently disappearing. The faci-
lities afforded by the marine store shops, and
ignorance of their value in other respects, are the
chief causes. Would it not assist their preser-
vation if a complete list were made and printed
in the form of a Handbook, so that every traveller
might know what brasses there were in each
church, and inquire for them accordingly ? The
fact of this species of registration, and the chance
of their being often asked after, would operate as
a great check against their being removed. A. A.
Poets' Corner.

Smoking Anecdote. — Probably this anecdote
may be acceptable to Mr. Andrew Steinmetz
and other smokers, if they do not already possess
it. I take it from vol. iii., French Anas, Chev-
rceana, p. 51.: —

" A gentleman told me, who had studied under (Pro-
fessor) Baxhorne (he succeeded Heinsius as Professor of
Politics and History at Leyden in 1633. His works are
learned and numerous) at Leyden, that this learned pro-
fessor was equally indefatigable in reading and smoking.

" To render these two favourite amusements compatible
with each other, he pierced a hole through the broad
brim of his hat, through which his pipe was convej-ed
when he had lighted it. In this manner he read and
smoked at the same time. When the bowl of the pipe
was empty, he filled it, and repassed it through the same
hole ; and so kept both his hands at leisure for other em-
ployments. At other times he was never without a pipe
in his mouth."

Being a smoker, I conceive the above may
prove interesting as a note to Mr. Steinmetz's
valuable little work on Tobacco.

How old was the bishop when he died ?
T. C. Anderson,
H.M.'s 12th Regt. Bengal Army.
8. Warwick Villas, Maida Hill, W.

Handel's Hallelujah Chorus. — The following
cutting from a recent newspaper deserves perhaps
a place in " N. & Q." : —

"The Origin of Standing at Handel's Halle-
LULAH Chorus. — From an anecdote in the Biographia
Dramatica, we discover the origin of the custom of the
audience standing during the performance of the Halle-
lujah Chorus. VVhen this piece was first performed, the
audience were exceedingly struck and affected by the
music in general, but when the chorus reached the pas-
sage, ' For the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth,' they were
so transported that they all, with the King, who was
present, started up and remained standing till the chorus
was concluded : and hence it became the practice in Eng-
land for the audience to stand while that part of the music
is performing."

Abhba.

108

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°<i S. VI II. Aug. 6. '59.

MEDIiEVAIi ARCHITECTUKE OF VENICE.

Most travellers are disappointed on entering
those houses in this city which have elevations of
mediaeval character. The interior in almost every
case is of Italo-classic architecture ; in fact, ex-
cept on the fronts, there is scarcely a vestige of
that of the middle ages throughout the city : and
yet the houses do not appear to have been rebuilt.
Some of these fronts are executed in a sort of
cement, and many appear comparatively modern.
On inquiring as to this peculiar feature, I found
there was a tradition that when any member of a
Venetian family had distinguished himself in the
wars that were always raging between the Re-
public and the Turks, he or bis relatives imme-
diately, as a sort of trophy, caused the front of
the house to be " Saracenised," as my informant
called it — much as our old Indian officers, some
years ago, used to build pagodas in their gardens,
or old captains of whalers to put up a pair of
whale's ribs over their gates. The plan, or rather
design, of the fronts of the Venetian houses, whe-
ther mediseval or not, is just the same ; a triple
arcade in the centre of each story, and one or
more isolated windows on each side of this. The
transformation would be very easy ; the substitu-
tion of a pointed ogee arch, and some tracery, more
or less elaborate, for the old circular arch. There
would be no need to pull down anything, nor to
alter the inside. Can any of your readers refer
me to written authorities in support or explanation
of this tradition, which certainly puts Venetian
architecture in a different light to that in which
it has lately been regarded ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Bacon on Conversation. — Speaking of conver-
sation, in his Advancement of Learnings Bacon
says : " But this part of knowledge has been ele-
gantly handled, and therefore I cannot report it
for deficient." To what author or publication
does he refer ? Having myself ventured to write
an Essay on the subject, and wishing for addi-
tional information, I should be obliged for the
notice of these or any other references. With
Swift's and La Bruyere's observations I am ac-
quainted, and mention this to save the trouble of
alluding to them. Francis Trench.

Islip.

A Charity-box for Distressed Gentlemen. — In
the Dublin Freeman s Journal (Oct. 13, 1764) the
following notice may be found : —
" To the Pvhlick.

"By permission of the Right Hon. Benjamin Geale,
Esq., Lord Mayor of the City of Dublin, a Charity Box,

with the City Arms thereon, is now carried in such parts
of this City as shall be judged most expedient, for the
sole benefit and relief of three distressed gentlemen, now
confined in the City Marshalsea, which it is humbly
hoped will engage the attention and tender consideration
of the humane and benevolent.

"I certifie the above gentlemen are in real distress.
" Wm. Dklamain, Marshal."

Was this a common mode of raising money for
debtors in Dublin and elsewhere during the last
century ? And can you refer me to any notices
similar to the one I send ? Abhba.

Prayer on setting forth an Expedition, probably
in the Reign of Elizabeth. —

',' Most Omnipotent maker and guider of all the world's
mass, that only searchest and fathomest the bottom of all
hearts' conceits, and in them seest the true original of all
actions intended, Thou, that by thy foresight dost truly
discern, how no malice of revenge, nor quittance of in-
jury, nor desire of bloodshed, nor greediness of lucre, hath
bred the resolution of our now set out army, but a heed-
ful care and weary watch that no neglect of force, nor
over surety of harm, might breed either danger to us, or
glorj' to them. These being grounds, Thou that didst
inspire the mind, Ave humbly beseech Thee with bended
knees prosper the work, and with best fore- winds guide
the Journey, speed the victory, and make the return the
advancement of thy glory, the triumph of their fame, and
suret}' of the realm, with the least loss of English blood.
To these devout petitions, Lord, give thou thy blessed
grant."

I have copied this prayer from a contemporary
manuscript, written by one who lived in the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, as well as in those of her two
successors ; but I suppose it to belong to the for-
mer period. I have not followed the spelling, as
it is peculiar to the writer, and the composition
appears to better advantage without it : and, as
he was certainly not the author, but only a tran-
scriber, there is no good reason in this case for
retaining his orthography. I am desirous to ask,
1. Whether any other copy of it is extant, either
in print or manuscript ? 2. If so, whether its oc-
casion is known? and 3. Its probable author?

John Gough Nichols.

"Liberavi animam meant.'" — This phrase occurs
at the end of a letter addressed by the late Mr.
Justice Alderson to a friend about to be per-
verted (Life, p. 229.), and the sense in which he
used it is the same as that of his biographer (p.
160.), who says of the learned baron, —

" In talking on a matter which interested him, he was
not careful so much to pick and choose his words as to
give free vent to the current of his thoughts — lilerare
animam."

Here it is evident that he intends liberare ani-
mam to be the equivalent of sedulb dixisse, as
Terence : —

" Ego, seduld hunc dtxisse credo. Veriim ith. est,
Quot homines, tot sententiae. Suus cuique mos."
Phormio. ii. iii. 13.

The expression liberavi animam meam does not
occur in the Latin Vulgate in the first person, but

2»<i S. VIII. Aug. 6. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

109

in the second, libera animam meam (Ps. cxvi. 4.,
cxx. 2.), and its equivalent e7-ipe animam meam
(Ps. vi. 4., xvii. 13.) are addressed to Jehovah,
and the sense has reference to the soul or indi-
vidual, and not to his opinions or thoujihts deli-
vered or enunciated. So Aufjustin (^Civit. Dei,
X. 32.), whose latinity is generally approved, —

"Haec est religio, quae universalem continet viam
animce liberandcB, quoniam nulla nisi in hac liberari
potest."

The phrase as used by Mr. Baron Alderson,
although common enough, appears to be merely
schoolboy's Latin for " I have delivered my opi-
nion ;" but I shall be glad to know if there be
any authority, classical or otherwise, for it ?

T, J. BUCKTON. ■

Lichfield.

Chambers for the Duke of Maniun's Dwarfs. —
There are in the ducal palace at Mantua a few
very small apartments, perhaps six or seven, lead-
ing one into another. They are not, I should
think, six feet high, and may be alaout eight
square. They are now bare whitewashed rooms,
with no doors or furniture, though in one, called
the kitchen, is a raised platform with steps. You
ascend to these rooms by one or two proportion-
ately diminutive flights of steps. Murray's Hand-
book gives no information about them ; but the
young man who shows the building says they were
built by some Duke of Mantua for his dwarfs.
Can anyone give me any information on the sub-
ject ? Perhaps some of your correspondents may
have met with similar apartments elsewhere. S.

Scotch Genealogies. — Before the commence-
ment of the present century it was an almost
invariable rule to baptize the eldest son by the
name of the father's father, and the eldest daugh-
ter by the name of the mother's mother. In
making out pedigrees I have repeatedly been as-
sisted by keeping this Tact in mind. Was there
the same rule in England or Ireland ? 2. 0.

Bishop Pocockes " Tour through Ireland." — In
a biographical sketch of the Rev. Mervyn Arch-
dall, in the Anthologia Hibernica, vol. iii. p. 274.,
the following passage occurs : —

"It was there [at Attanagh] he [Bishop Pococke]
improved some of his works, and there he planned his
tour through Ireland and Scotland; which the writer of
this has been informed are in the British Museum."

Can you tell me whether the documents in
question are in the British Museum ? * Anything
from Bishop Pococke's pen must be good; and,
therefore, I shall be glad to learn particulars, es-
pecially of his " Tour through Ireland." Has any
portion of it appeared in print ? Abhba.

[* There are two volumes of letters relating to Bishop
Pococke's Continental travels in the British Museum,
Addit. MSS. 19,939, 19,940.— Ed.]

Major Duncanson and the Massacre of Glencoe.
— The article in this month's Blackwood on the
Massacre, suggests the following queries to me : —
What connexion was there between the following
personages: Captain Duncanson, who accompa-
nies Archibald, 9th Earl of Argyle, in his unfor^
tunate expedition to Scotland in 1685, and who
behaves with great gallantry, and appears to have
been one of the earl's most trusted servants (see
Wodrow's History), and the Major Robert Dun-
canson who is in 1692 " Major of My Lord Ar-
gyle's regiment," and who takes a leading part in
the horrible affair of Glencoe (see article in Black-
wood) ?

This Major Duncanson receives a grant of
arms from Heralds' College in Edinburgh in 1692,
the very year of the massacre. In the register he
is termed " Major to the regiment of Foot, com-
manded by the Earl of Argyle, and descended of
the Family of Fassokie in Stirlingshire." I much
desire information respecting this family.

In Douglas' Baronage, voc. " Mayne of Powys,"
two brothers, James Duncanson (of Kiels), who
resides at Campbelton, and John Duncanson at
Inverary, marry two sisters, daughters of William
Mayne of Powys, about the middle of last century.
Were they connected with the Major Duncanson
of the massacre ? Finally, in one of Burke's
genealogical works I find mention made of a
" MS. History of the Family of Campbell of Ar-
gyle, by James Duncanson of Inverary." Where
is this MS. preserved, and who was the author ?

2. 0.

Mr. Wells. — Can you give me any information
regarding Mr. Wells, author of Joseph and his
Brethren, a sacred drama ? Some account of the
author is to be found in an anonymous poem hav-
ing the title of " The Contention of Death and
Love," a poem, London, 1837. Z. A.

Life is before ye ! — The subjoined was quoted
in a speech to the students of the London Uni-
versity on the 11th May. Can any reader of" N.
& Q." inform me where it is to be found ?

" Life is before ye !
A sacred burthen to the life ye bear;
Look on it, lift it, bear it solemnly.
Stand up, and walk under it steadfastly.

" Fail not for sorrow, falter not for sin,
Onwards and upwards till the goal ye win,
God guard ye and God guide ye in the way,
Young pilgrim warriors who set forth this day."

T. W. WONFOR.

Brighton.

Lilac. — In the articles on the lilac which have
lately appeared in the pages of " N. & Q.," I ob-
served the word is said to be Persian. In the
south of Scotland it is called by the peasantry the
" lily aik," or " lily oak." Is there no doubt about
the Persian origin of the word ? 2. 0.

110

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°-! S. VIII. Aug. 6. '59.

Device. — I remember reading somewhere of a
device representing a crown as a ship in gala trim.
I think it was on a medal or banner at the re-
storation of Charles II. I shall feel greatly
obliged by anyone giving me information on the
subject. T. S.

Cespoule. — In a diary of the seventeenth cen-
tury a journey from Durham to Shropshire is
described through Kendal, Preston, Cespoole, and
Chester. What is Cespoole? Can it be Liver-
pool ? or anything but a mistake ? W. C.

Ministers of St. James's, Clerkenwell. — I am
<3esirous of obtaining information respecting the
following ministers of this church, which occur
in Newcourt's list {Repertorium, i. 657.) : —

" Lib. Visitat. loGl. Ric. Weston.
Stanhope Pars 11. Thomas Price, cl. licentiat. 15 Nov.
1583.
Ibid. Henry Fletcher, cl. licentiat. 12

Feb. 1585.
Lib. Visitat. 1607. John Preston, A.M.
Ibid. 1612. John Andrews.
Ibid. 1637. Henry Goodcole.

Jac. Sibbald, S.T.P. licentiat. 19 Nov. 1641.
William Sclatter, A.M., „ 17 Sept. 1666."

John Preston, A.^f., I am inclined to think,
was the celebrated Dr. J. Preston, Master of
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, " the greatest
pupil-monger in man's memory, having sixteen
fellow commoners admitted in one year to Queen's
College," of which he was a Fellow, 1609.

" John Andrews," says Wood {Athena Oxon.
ii. 493.), was entered a student in Trinity Col-
lege, 1601, aged 18 ; took one degree in Arts, left
the university, and became a painful preacher of
God's word " — probably the above-mentioned. I
shall be greatly obliged if any reader of " N.
& Q." will confirm these inferences. W. J. Pinks.

Tun Glass. — Mr. Hastings, of Woodlands,
described by the first Lord Shaftesbury in a
well-known character, is said there to have " had
always a tun glass without feet by him, holding
a pint of small beer, which he often stirred with
rosemary." (See Martyn's Life of Shaftesbury,
i. 311.) What is a tun glass? Would it have
been so called from its being tun shaped ? Or has
the word anything to do with the beginning of
tumbler ? W. C.

John Bunyans Chapel, Bedford. — Can any of
your readers who are collectors of prints, en-
gravings, or drawings, inform me if there is a
print or drawing of John Bunyan's Meeting-
house or Chapel in Mill Lane, Bedford. It was
taken down in 1707, and a new chapel built on
the site. R. W.

Lo7-d George or Gorges. — More information
than can be found in Burke's Extinct Peerage is
desired about a nobleman of the above name (his

Christian name believed to be Richard), livin"' in
the reign of Charles I. A son of his was'^re-
turned for Downton to the Long Parliament.

W. C.

Meaning of Motto. — The following motto is

appended to the arms of an ancient Irish family :

"His calcabo gartos." What is the meaning of

it ? Ducange affords no assistance. W. J. D.

Angell Cray. — Information is requested about
a gentleman of this name, living in Dorsetshire
in 1638, near Dorchester, or about the family.

W. C.

Dr. Latham's Theory of the Indo-European iMn-
guages. —

1. Has any ethnologist of eminence publicly
supported Dr. Latham's opinion respecting the
origin of the so-called Indo-European languages ?

2. Has Dr. Latham explained his views on this
subject more fully than they are set forth in hia
prolegomena to the Germania of Tacitus ?

Ingib.
[The school of glossologists to which Dr. Latham be-
longs includes, amongst other illustrious names, those of
Sir Wm. Jones, Professor Bopp of Berlin, and Dr. J. C.
Pritchard. The classification of many languages, as well
European as Asiatic, under one common bead (and called
indifferently Caucasian, Indo-Caucasian, Indo-European,
Indo-Teutonic, Sarmatic, Japhetic, and Arj'an) dates
from the year 1784, when Sir Wm. Jones delivered his
inaugural Discourse as first President of the Asiatic So-
ciety of Bengal (vid^ Asiat. Res. vol. i.). The most
important contribution to this department of literature is
undoubtedly Professor Bopp's Comparative Grammar of
the Sanskrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic,
German, and Sclavonic Languages, which has been most
ably translated from the German by Lieut. Eastwick
(3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1856), and been frequently reprinted
in England. See also Edinb. Rev., vol. xciv. pp. 297.,
et seq., and Dr. Pritcliard's Eastern Origin of the Keltic
Nations, the last edition of which'is edited by Dr. Latham
(8vo. Lond. 1857). For a particular application of Dr.
Latham's Indo-European theory of tongues, consult his
elaborate work on TheEiiglish Language {8vo. Lond. 1850,
Slc"), and more particularly Part I. chaps, iv. to viii.
inclusive.]

John Gilpin. — What is known of the worthy
memorialised by Cowper in The Diverting History
of John Gilpin. Did he ever form part of the
human family, or was he only a mythical wag ?

Edmonton Bell.

[Southey informs us, that "Lady Austen's conversa-
tion had as happy an efi^ect upon the melancholy spirit of
Cowper as the harp of David upon Saul. Whenever the
cloud seemed to be coming over him, her sprightly
powers were exerted to dispel it. One afternoon, when
lie appeared more than unusually depressed, she told him
the story of John Gilpin, which had been told to her in
her childhood, and which, in her relation, tickled his
fancy as much as it has that of thousands and tens of
thousands since, in his. The next morning he said to her

2°J S. VIII. Aug. 6. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Ill

that he had been kept awake during the greater part of
the night by thinking of the story and laughing at it, and
that he had turned it into a ballad." This occurred -in
October, 1782. The ballad was sent to Mr. Unwin, and
was first printed in The Public Advertiser on November
14, 1782. Mr. William West, formerly a bookseller in
London and Cork, who died in the Charter House, Nov.
17, 1854, in his eightj'-fifth year, relates as a fact not
generally known, that the distinguished personage im-
mortalised by the poet, was no other than Mr. Beyer, an
eminent linendraper, superlatively polite, who figured in
the visible order of things at the top of Paternoster Row,
or rather at the corner of Cheapside. Quoth Mr. John
Gilpin —

" I am a linen-draper bold
As all the world doth know."

West adds, writing in 1839, "I had the assurance fifty
years ago, from John Annesley Colet, who knew Beyer
better than I did, and also Mr. Cowper and some of
his connexions." (Aldine Magazine, p. 19.) Mr. Beyer
died on May 11, 1791, at the good ripe age of ninety-
eight]

S. John the Evangelist. — Why is S. John the
Evangelist sometimes represented in pictures as
holding a chalice, from which a serpent is issuing?

F. L.

[Mrs. Jameson informs us, that " St. John is always, in
Western Art, young, or in the prime of life, with little
or no beard ; flowing or curling hair, generally of a pale
brown or golden hue, to express the delicacy of his na-
ture ; and in his countenance an expression of benignity
and candour. His drapery is, or ought to be, red, with a
blue or green tunic. He bears in his hand the sacramen-
tal cup, from which a serpent is seen to issue. St. Isidore
relates, that, at Rome, an attempt was made to poison St.
John in the cup of the sacrament : he drank of the same,
and administered it to the communicants without injury,
the poison having by a miracle issued from the cup in
the form of a serpent, while the hfred assassin fell down
dead at his feet. According to another version of this
story, the poisoned cup was administered by order of the
Emperor Domitian. According to a third version, Aris-
todemus, the high-priest of Diana at Ephesus, defied
him to drink of the poisoned chalice, as a test of the
truth of his mission: St. John drank unharmed — the
priest fell dead. Others say, and this seems the more
probable interpretation, that the cup in the hand of St.
John alludes to the reply given by our Saviour, when the
mother of James and John requested for her sons the
place of honour in heaven, ' Ye shall drink indeed of my
cup.' As in other instances, the legend was invented to
explain the symbol. When the cup has the consecrated
•wafer instead of the serpent, it signifies the institution of
the Eucharist." — Sacred and Legendary Art, i. 159. edit.
1857.]

Mount St. Michael. — Where will the best ac-
count be found of this curious monument on the
coast of Cornwall, and of the corresponding Mount
St. Michael on the coast of Brittany ? Are there
any separate works on the subject of either of
them ? A. D. C.

[The most complete account of Mount St. Michael off
the coast of Cornwall, will be found in a supplementary
paper (pp. 28.) to vol. iii. of Polwhele's History of that
county (4to. Lond. 1816). See also Borlase's Antiquities
of Cornwall (fol. Oxf. 1754), pp. 350-51, for a briefer de-
scription of the same spot, and an admirable illustration

of the Mount; and Murrav's excellent Hand-Book of
Devon and Cornwall, 4th e'dit. 1859, pp. 191—194. We
are not aware that any separate work has been published
on the subject. Perhaps some correspondent will be able
to refer to works relating to the corresponding Mount off
the coast of Brittanj'. ]

SRcplteS.

ON STYLE IN GENERAL, BIBLIOGEAPHY, TYPOGEA-

PHY, TKANSLATION, AND SEVE^gf, OTHER THINGS,

(^Apropos of Buff on' s popular axiom " Le style," etc.')

(2"" S. vi. 308. ; vii. 502. ; viii. 37. 54. 98.)

What are the true meaning, the wording, and
the general import of Buffon's axiom — "Le style
est I'homme mcme" — is a mooted point, on which
your several learned correspondents, now four in
number — an American gentleman; M. C. J. B. ;
Mr.Macray, whose name is evidently Scotch; Mr.
Andrew Steinmetz, whose name is German ; and
another one — entertain different opinions. To
complete the bibliographic council, I beg leave to
add ray modest French name to the list of the
debaters.

The point is one of literary, and even philoso-
phical interest ; and let it be said, to the great
honour of the " N. & Q," it is absolutely new,
even in France. Your correspondents started the
question, and proposed the problem, which they
had no chance to settle and to solve, wanting the
necessary elements, and proceeding as they did
from false or inexaot " premisses." Allow me to
state the facts.

In the year 1753, the Count of Buffon was
elected one of the members of the French Aca-
demy. His reception took place in the month of
August. It was solemn, rather than popular.
That Monsieur de Buffon, a most pompous gen-
tleman of the Johnsonian or rather Porsonian
school, possessed great talents, an admirable and
harmonious flow of language, large mental and
scientific acquirements, nobody gainsaid. Vol-
taire's free and easy manner, Montesquieu's
pointed and shining epigrams, were much more in
accordance with the general current and the new
desires of the rising generation. Literature has
its flow and reflux. One felt cloyed with Fonte-
nelle's elegance, and Massillon's honeyed and
magniloquent diction. Some even approved of
Baculard's slip-shod style ; and Diderot's senti-
mental frenzy had many admirers. A particular
group of literati contended that in facts, not m
style, resides the true value of books : these dis-
dained all order, care, arrangement, method, or-
namentation, and even the artistic development of
thought, as being mannered, rhetorical, useless,
and boyish. Natural parts were all in all, said
the Diderotians. Facts, realities and experiments,
give us nothing else, cried the Lamettrians and

112

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Aug. 6, '59.

Holbachists ! Against the barbarous invasion
Monsieur de Buffon arose, and Scattered with the
one thunderbolt of his Academic Discourse the
whole host of the anti-stylists. So at least he
thought ; and so thought his friends at Montbar.
But the while, the Attilas and Gengiskhans of the
French language, the Mercier?, Retifs, and others,
continued their inroads, and paved the way to the
more modern affray of the Romanticists, which
took place between 1815 and 1840.

Buffon was no|y;he man to defend his cause on
rhetoric or pedantic grounds only. He clung re-
solutely, bravely, as a man of genius could not fail
to do, to the very same Platonic principle of
spiritual unity advocated by Coleridge and De
Quincey, by Fenelon and Mallebranche ; made
light of the external facts and the dry documents
which could be treasured up in the mind of man ;
asserted the supreme empire of the mind, as being
the true and only source of illumination ; and
from the very depths of the egoite — the '■^Ichheit"
as German philosophers express it, from *he very
essence of man — of the spiritual, not the bodily
man — he drew the power, essence, and colour of
what he called "style." Nothing can be more
perspicuous, more striking and masterly, than the
exposition of his principles as contained in the
following well-rounded and marvellously poised
period. I copy it literally from the first genuine
text*, printed some months only after his Aca-
demic speech was uttered, under Buffon's own
eyes : —

" Les ouvrages bien ecrits serontJes seuh qui passeront a
la posiSritS : la multitude des connaissances, la singularity
des faits, la nouveautS meme des decouvertes ne sont pas de
surs garans de Viinmortalite ; si les ouvrages qui les con-
iiennent ne roulent que sur de petits objets, s'ils sont Scrits
sans gout, sans nobfense et sans ginie, Us pSriront parceque les
connaissances, les faits, les decouvertes s'enlevent aisement, se
transportent et gagnent meme a etre mis en ceuvre par des
mains plus habiles. Ces chases sont hors de Vhomme, le style
EST i/homme m£me."

The contradistinction between man and nature ;
between the Egoite, having its peculiar utterance
in " Style," and the non-moi, considered as sub-
dued by that egoite ; between external facts and
the plastic power of the mind, grasping at objects
and taking hold of, dominion over, and possession
of them ; between the Objective and the Subjective ;
appears in bold relief, most clearly, under the
most genial light, in the celebrated phrase of Buf-
fon. The accomplished writer never wrote le
style est de Vhomme ("style comes from man"), at
once a truism and a barbarism ; he did not print
le style, c'est Vhomme ; the ambiguous vulgarity of
the expression could never have flowed from his
correct and elegant pen : such is the awkward
position of the particle ce in that sentence, that it
may signify two things at once — either Vhomme,

* Recueil de I'Academie Frangaise, torn, xxxvi. de 1747
a 1753 (Paris, Bernard Brunet), pp. 337, 338.

CELA. est le style, or le style, cela. est Vhomme,
two substantives and two subjects for one single
verb ! Buffon would have shuddered at the
thought.

At all events, neither critic nor caviller can
weaken the authority of the standard-text, revised
by Buffon himself, and published with his own con-
sent, a few months after he took his seat among
the Academic brotherhood. The axiom passed
current Qe style est Vhomme meme) through ten
subsequent editions ; was so quoted by the Abbe
Maury, Mirabeau, Madame de Stael, and became
one of the standing apophthegms and favourite
commonplaces, so dear to conversationalists and
metaphysicians. Rapet's, Bernard's, Richard's,
Pourrat's, Duthillceul's, Floureus's editions are
unanimous in that respect. Two only differ —
Bastien's edition (an. viii. vol. i. p. 148.), and
Didot's (1843, vol. i. p. 28.)

Bastien, or his corrector of the press, commit-
ted a strange blunder, or rather two blunders at
once: he wholly omitted the sentence — le style
est Vhomme meme ; which words " tomberent dans
la casse," as French typographers use to word it.
The result was a nonsensical compound, of which
the beginning flatly contradicts the rest, and
which no French detective literary officer ever
until now denounced to the competent authorities.
The error was quite involuntary. For Bastien
himself reinstalled the omitted incise in its true
place, when he chose the whole period of Buffon
for an epigraph to his entire edition. However,
he managed to insert a new couple of fresh blun-
ders in that very same quotation : sont instead of
seront ; quantite instead of multitude.

We are far from having exhausted the annals
of that single erratic phrase. As, in 1842,
M. Didot prepared for the press his new edition
of Buffon's Works, the gentleman who was en-
trusted by him with the correction and revisal of
the sheets, probably (but I do not vouch for the
fact) a native from the Rhenish French provinces,
or perhaps a German, felt the same scruples as
the learned Mr. Steinmetz, about Buffon's axiom,
which indeed by the subtle delicacy of the shades
may be, and must ever be, a very hard stumbling-
block to any foreigner. He thought, too, that a
printer's omission of the preposition de had spoiled
and subverted Buffon's prose ; so he took the un-
warrantable freedom to fill up the phrase, which
to his eyes was incorrect, and wrote le style est de
Vhomme. As error ever fosters error, he admitted
a second fault in the text, Bastien's qvMntite for
multitude — a vulgar for an elegant, a vague in-
stead of a precise expression.

Nobody stirred : Buffon was maimed in Didot's
edition. Tlie publishers of the following editions,
getting rid, every one of them, of the pretended
amelioration introduced by the Edition Didot,
only reverted to the true old version, and printed

2»'i S. VIII. Aug. 6. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

113

the small sentence whole — such as we gave it
just now. It flew all over the world, and was
often quoted, sometimes misquoted — le style c'est
Vhomme , . . Le style estThomme, etc., etc. Plaving
passed through the fiery ordeal of editorial inac-
curacy, blindness and over-accuracy, it had yet to
sustain a still more trying process.

This be the last.

A writer of the London Times, anxious to
quote in English the famous axiom, translated it
literally (as he thought) in the following words :

" THE STYLE IS THE MAN HIMSELF."

His quotation had little success. It was not
applauded, but criticised ; and rightly too. How
often does it happen that the very words of a
literal translation convey to the reader's mind a
meaning quite different from that of the original
text! Mistranslation here originated misquota-
tion. Never did Buffon think indeed to introduce
in his phrase the man himself, viz. the living and
bodily being of man, with all his external and
inborn, physiologic and worldly, psychic and
anatomical elements — including even accessories,
gestures, eccentricities, oddities, and so on — all
which constitutes the self of man, the whole
personality of his life and his soul. Buffon,
wishing to inforce the power, the essential na-
ture and deep personality of " style" wrote and
said, " Externals are not man" :

" Style is the very man."
Which is quite another thing, as any Englishman
may see : " You are the very man I sought for "
— " Vous etes I'homme mkme que j'ai cherche."
" Meme," an adverb, not an adjective, is the only
possible substitute for very — a word of great pith
and emphasis, which I would rather think etymo-
logically allied to the K.e\tic guerg, and the Teuto-
nic gerti, than to the Latin word verus. Lui-meme,
a compound adjective, is rendered by himself.
The difference between himself and very is broad
and clear.

Hence all the combats, exceptions, objections,
disquisitions, controversies, metaphysical misgiv-
ings, bibliographic uncertainties, which started
your correspondents ; and here ends that little
Comedy of Errors, which you may call Everyone
in the Wrong, or Everyone in the Right, after your
own pleasure. It may furnish to some Disraeli,
or rather to a Thackeray or a Doran, a very
choice bit of literary chit-chat ; which I do dismiss,
bequeath, and entrust to their own excellent taste,
spiritual care, humoristic whim, and philoso-
phical minds. Philarbte Chasles, Mazarinseus.

Ecouen, prfes Paris, 2 Juillet, 1859.

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON S WORKS.

Presentany (2°^ S. viii. 43.) — The victories of
the French Emperor have been presentany in the

sense in which Pliny and other Latin writers used
prcesentaneus, but time only can show whether
they will or not in their effects be presentany in
Leighton's acceptation of the word — ephemeral.
When Sutrium, a city of Tuscany was besieged,
Camillus marched to its assistance, ordering his
soldiers to carry three days' provision and all ne-
cessaries with them. This enabled him to come on
the besiegers unawares, and to relieve the city ;
from which circumstance arose the proverbial ex-
pression, Eo Sutrium. It is at present uncertain
whether Eo in Sardiniam will long be synony-
mous with presentany succour.

BiBLIOTHECAR. ChETHAM.

EiRiONNACH, in his interesting note on Arch-
bishop Leighton's Worhs, says " Is there such a
word as presentany ? " Without attempting to
decide whether it may be legitimately used as an
English term, I reply that it is merely an Angli-
cised form of the Latin prcesentaneus, a word used
by Suetonius (in Nerone), the elder Pliny, and
other writers about the same period. Instances
are quoted by Scheller, in his Lexicon totius La-
tinitatis, as well as by Gesner and Facciolati.

Arterus.

Dublin.

Sardanapalus and Archbishop Leighton (2"'^ S.
viii. 61.) — EiRioNNACH inquires whence Leigh-
ton drew his reference to " that luxurious king "
on whose tomb was inscribed the emblem of two
fingers one upon the other in the act of sound-
ing, with the legend "iVbre ianti est." The story
refers to the monument of Sardanapalus, and is
told at length in a fragment of Aristobulus pre-
served by Athenaeus (xii. 39.), to the effect that
Alexander when marching across Cilicia discovered
a tomb at Anchiale on which were carved two
fingers crossed, as if making a fillip —

poTovvra,"

And below them the inscription —

" SapSaf otTraA-Oj, AvaicvvSapa^ov Trais Ayxia.Kii)v Koi Taparov
eSeifjLev ^jiiepij juijj. 'EffOie, nive, nal^e, <os roAAa toutov ovk
afio."

This has been thus translated by Byron in his
tragedy : —

" Sardanapalus,

The King, and son of Anacyndaraxes,

In one day built Anchialus and Tarsus.

Eat, drink, and love, — the rest's not worth aJUlip."

The incident is repeated by Athenaeus in two
other passages ; once on the authority of Amyn-
tas, a companion of Alexander the Great (i&.),
and elsewhere (viii. 14.), on that of Chrysippus.
It is also related by Strabo (xiv. 672.). Calli-
sthenes, in a fragment preserved by Suidas, says
the monument was at Nineveh (v. SctpSw.), but
Arrlan adheres to the story of Amyntas (Anab. ii.
5.), J. Emerson Tbknent.

114

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''d S. VIII. Aug. 6. '5P.

TITI-ES CONFERRED BY OLIVER CROMWELL.

(2"^ S.vii. 476. 518.)

From various sources I am enabled to furnish
PrHURiEL with the names of the following Baro-
nets and Knights created by the Protector.
JBaronets.

25 June, 1656. John Read, of Brocket Hall.i

16 Julj', 1656. John Claypole.2 JA.*6^t6t?,/ J*2,v,
6 October, 1657. Thomas Chamberlaj'ne of \\ ickham.'
5 March, 1657 — 8. Thomas Beaumont of Stoughton
Grange.*
24 March, 1657—8. John Twisleton.
31 March, 1658. Henry Ingolsby, of Lethenborow.^
31 March, 1658. Henry Wright of Dagenham.^

26 April, 1658. Edmund Dunch Baron Burnell,
28 May, 1658. Griffith Williams of Penrhyn.7

K7iights.
1653. Thomas Vyner, Lord Mayor of London, 1653.8
Christopher Pack.

liichard Tichborne. Sl,'^ (^HcrUwf- ~ h 3<S'^>v.
Richard Combs.
Edward Ward of Bexley.^
Thomas Andrews.
Thomas Atkifis.
Thomas Foote.io
Henry Ingolsbj-.^i

Richard Chiverton, Lord Mayor of London, 1657.
Henj)' Pickering of Whaddon.i"
John Barksted.
John Dethick.
James Drax.
Henry Wright.^s

1655. Andrew Ramsay, Lord Provost of Edinburgh. i*
Colonel William Lockhart, Resident in France.'^

1656. Peter Coyett, Resident in France.
Bulstrode Whitlocke.

Thomas Widdrington. Speaker, ^i-o . /> \31 »i
JolTn Reynolds.

1657. John Lenthall.16

Rear A.dmiral Richard Stayner.^^

Although Cromwell, towards the end of his
life, instituted a House of Lords, he did not assign
the members any titles of peerage, those who
were not previously Earls, Viscounts, or Barons,
having merely the prefix oiLord attached to their
surnames. It is remarkable that the only Peer
created by him (20 July, 1657), Charles Viscount
Howard and Baron Gilsland, was on the Restora-
tion elevated to the Earldom of Carlisle (30 April,
1661), receiving at the same time the titles of Vis-
count Howard of Morpeth and Baron Dacre of
Gillesland. Sc^ /, i^^\. R. R.

* He had been created a Baronet by Charles I., 16
March, 1641 — 2, but being according to Cromwell's Act
of Parliament, 4 Feb. 1651, which annulled all patents
granted subsequent to 4 Feb. 1641, prohibited from as-
suming the title, he seems to have accepted a similar
honour from the Protector.

2 He was father of Cromwell's son-in-law, John Lord
Claj-pole.

2 He also had been created a Baronet by Charles I.,
4 February, 1642—3.

* Created Baronet by Charles II. after the Restora-
tion, 21 February, 1660 — 1.

* Created Baronet 80 August, 1C61.

ADENCOROUGH.

(2"'J S. viii. 51.)

The question respecting " Adenborough " re-
sembles some other historical matters of the nine-
teenth century, which are already passing into
obscurity. We now know of no such thing as any
"constituency of Adenborough." With a view
to the solution of the difficulty, we should in the
first place bear In mind that the year 1831, when
London gave birth to the pamphlet upon Whig
lieform which your correspondent cites, was the
identical year when a Beform Bill, not unlike
that which passed in 1832, was first brought for-
ward.

Your correspondent asks, " What place is meant
by Adenborough? " I would suggest Aldborough;
either Aldborough in Suffolk or Aldborough in
Yorkshire, both of which returned members to
Parliament. Aldenburgh in Anhalt is also spelt
Adenburgh (Wright's Gazetteer). So Aden-
borough may have been used as a way of spelling
the English, in conformity with the foreign name.

Secondly, we must take note that in the Re-
form Bill of 1831, as well as in that of 1832, both
our English Aldboroughs stood in Schedule A. (to
be disfranchised).

Your correspondent (citing the aforesaid pam-
phlet, which exalts Adenborough above Knares-
borough, and represents Sir James as speaking
contemptuously of the Adenborough constituency),
asks what Sir James said, and whe7i. After some
search, I can only say with your correspondent,
" I cannot find it." Possibly, however, the whole
is resolvable into a mistake, and in the following
manner.

In the adjourned debate on the Reform Bill of

* Created Baronet 11 June, 1660.

7 Created Baronet 17 June, 1661.

8 Created a Baronet by Charles II., 18 June, 1661.
8 Created Baronet 19 December, 1660.

10 Created Baronet 21 November, 1660, with remainder
to his son-in-law Arthur Onslow, ancestor of the Earl
Onslow.

" Vide anih.

12 Created Baronet 2 January, 1600—1. He was a
relative of Sir Gilbert Pickering of Tichmarsh, Bart,
Cromwell's Lord Chamberlain, but in what degree does
not appear in any pedigree of the family that I have

13 Vide antfe.

1* Knighted by Charles IL, 17 Jul}', 1600. His son
Andrew Ramsay of Wauch ton [ Abbots-Hall ? ] was created
a Baronet of Scotland 23 June, 1069. *

15 He was son and heir of Sir James Lockhart of Lee,
Knt, Lord Justice Clerk, and married a niece of Cromwell.

16 He was son of Speaker Lenthall, and was degraded
from his knighthood by parliament, 12 Maj', 1660.

17 He was knighted by Charles II. in September 1660,
along with Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson, who probably
had also received that honour previously from Cromwell.
It is not improbable that Sir Edward Montague, the
great Admiral, afterwards Earl of Sandwich, K. G., was
also knighted by the Protector.

-l^oU<

-^'3<f2 -h

2°'! S, VIII. Aug. C. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

115

1831 (Hansard, Commons, Mar. 8, col. 225), Sir
James refers to some comments by the right hon.
member for Aldborough (Mr. Croker) on the ex-

Srcssion of another member respecting Tavistock.
Tow some of the newspapers of that day report
Sir James's speech with (assuming Hansard to be
correct) extreme inaccuracy. May it not have
been so loosely reported somewhere, that Sir
James's reference to what had been said by the
right hon. member for Aldborough concerning
Tavistock may have been mistaken by the author
of Whig Reform for a reflexion on Aldborough
itself?

Incredible as it may now appear, the sum-totals
of electors in the four places specified, when the
Eeform Bill was passed, are stated to have been,
respectively, Aldborough, SufF., about 40, Ald-
borough, Yorksh., about 60, Knar esboro ugh 28,
Tavistock 27 ! Thomas "Boys.

" Hinc Hadenbergam sera sub nocte venimus,
Ridetur nobis veteri mos ductus ab £evo
Quippe ubi deligitur revoluto tempore Consul,
Barbati circum mensam statuunter acernani,
Hispidaque iniponunt attenti mente Quirites :
Porrigitur series barbarum desuper ingens,
Bestia, pes, mordax, sueta inter crescere sordes,
Ponitur in medio. Turn cujus numine Divum
Barbara adiit, festo huic gratantur murmure Patres,
Atque celebratur subjecta per oppida Consul."

Huetius de Rebus ad eum, pertinentibus, p. 77.
Amst. 1718.

The editor, to prevent mistakes, says in the
preface, —

" Hardenberga oppidum est Transisalaniaj, hunc autem
morem in illo oppido, nee vigere nee unquam viguisse
liquido constat ; sed ex vano fortasse rumore, vel animi
laxandi gratia, hos versus efTectos esse facile crediderim."

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

I presume that Adenhorough represents
" Jamie's " pronunciation of Edinborougb. Sir
James must have alluded to the smallness of the
constituency of the Scotch capital, which was, in
]o3], less than that of Knaresborough.

E. H. D.D.

LORD XRSKINE AND REV. WM. COCKIN.

(2"'^ S. viii. 25.)

On this subject the editor of the Gloucester
Journal inserted the following notice in his journal
of the 16th July: —

" To Correspondents : — To tbe inquirj' of a ' Constant
Reader' we reply, that the trial he refers to occurred at
the Gloucester Summer Assizes in 1801. At that time it
was not the custom, as it is now, to give a detailed ac-
count of the proceedings in the provincial Courts of Law,
&c., and we are not aware of any other report of the trial
in question than what is contained in the following brief

paragraph, which appeared in the Gloucester Journal of
August 10, 1801 : —

" • Among the trials at Nisi Prius, before Mr. Baron
Thomson, was an action of ejectment, in which Mr. West-
ley, wine merchant, of Bristol (as heir-at-law of Mrs.
Pinfold, late of Minchinhampton,) was plaintiff, and the
Rev. William Cockin, curate of Minchinhampton, as de-
visee in the will of the said Mrs. Pinfold, defendant.
The leading counsel employed bj- Mr. Cockin was the
Hon. Mr. Erskine, who, in an able speech of two hours
displayed that .... consummate skill in his profession
which he never fails to testify. This gentleman, never
having been before . . . engaged as counsel in this place,
the court was unusually crowded, and the curiosity ex-
cited was amply repaid by his extraordinary eloquence
and peculiar humour. After an examination of two wit-
nesses, the counsel for Mr. Westley gave up the cause,
and a verdict was of course returned by the jury (which
was special) for the defendant.' "

Among the "small courtesies which" "the two
old maiden ladies " " were pleased to value so
highly," I was told that one, and probably the
first, was the curate's furnishing them with an
umbrella on going from church on a rainy Sunday.

I was present in court at the trial; and for
some time after was able to report to others the
whole line of argument which Mr. Erskine took
for the defence. But, at this distance of time,
I cannot venture to restate it with certainty or
precision. I think, however, it was founded
chiefly on the impression which those " courtesies"
(continued through life) were calculated to make,
— and was marked by the very skilful way in
which Mr. Erskine proceeded to draw out, and to
heighten and deepen the effects of the curate's
attentions, on the minds of the two solitary
" maiden ladies," who were sisters. P. H. F.

" HAEPOYS ET riSSHEPONDE.

(2°o S. viii. 49.)

There is some choice of derivations, for both
these terms. First, for " harpoys," the med.- Latin
name for a harpoon, harpo ; and harpuis, a mix-
ture of pitch, tar, and resin ; and secondly, for
" fyssheponde," vischbeun, the well of a Dutch
fishing-smack, and fysshe-pund, of kindred mean-
ing ; — all supply tempting etymologies.

But your correspondent finds the two words
linked together, " harpoys et fyssheponde ; " and
where articles, in an old Customal, stand thus
united, ought we not to suppose some measure of
affinity between them ? And is not that explana-
tion to be preferred which maintains the con-
nection between the two ?

" Harpoys et fyssheponde." It may be sug-
gested, then, that in these two terms the last syl-
lables of each, poi/s and poncfe, mean the same
thing. Any stated quantity of a given article
was, in the old French employed by our fore-
fathers, called poi/s, poyse, or pois. " De chascun
poi/se de formage et de bure jd." {Costumal of

116

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

C2«»d S. VIII. Aug. 6. '69.

Sandwich, a.d. 1301, in Boys's Collections.') Cf.
in Cotgrave " A weigh of cheese " (that is, a cer-
tain conventional quantity, 256 pounds). More-
over, this weigh, or poys, had its corresponding
term in med.-Latin. Any thing made up into a
package, bundle, or lot, of a certain fixed amount,
was in med.-Latin called a pondus. " Pondus.
lies quagvis in fasces collata . . . . ' Tria pondera
de mostayla' " (Du Cange). So that ponde and
pot/s mean the same thing. Such seems to be
the affinity of "har/jo^s" and '^ fjssheponde."

As to " fyssheponde," then, there can be little
difficulty. Fyssheponde was a certain conven-
tional amount or " weigh " of fish made up into
a lot, say a bundle of saltfish, each such lot paying
" temp. Hen. III.," as your correspondent inti-
mates, a stated " custom " " at Billingsgate." —
" H&rpoys," (" poys " answering to weigh or
pondus) was, I would submit, a certain amount
or weigh of herrings, subject to a similar pay-
ment.

Herring was in those days harang. " Harang
ffresch," " harang soor or salce " {Costumal of
Sandwich, p. 556). Look sharply at " harpoys,"
and you will perhaps detect in it a contracted
form, two words run into one, harang-poys, har-
poys, harpoys.

All the three articles which your correspondent
specifies* paid " toll '"' or " custom." Each was in
transitu; and each was made up in the usual
form in which it- paid duty. The harpoys and
the fyssheponde were herrings and fish (probably
codfish) imported from abroad, and therefore
liable at " Billingsgate " to a certain " custom,"
so much upon each pondus, poys, or weigh. The
homespun " cadewoldes " were woollen in bales,
of a stated quantity, each bale subject to a stated
toll, when " brought over London Bridge."

Thomas Boys.

Osmunda Regalis (P' S. ii. 199.) — Having oc-
casion a few days since to look at the description
of " Osmunda regalis " in Moore's Poprdar History
of British Ferns, I there found at p. 141. an an-
swer to the Query proposed by J. M. B., and
which I cannot find has been at present answered.
The legend is to the following effect : —

"Legend of Osmund the "Waterman. — At Loch
Tyne dwelt the waterman old Osmund. Fairest among
maidens was the daughter of Osmund the waterman.
Her light brown hair and glowing cheek told of her
Saxon origin, and her light steps bounded over the green
turf like a young fawn in his native glades. Often, in
the stillness of a sunyner's even, did the mother and her
fair-haired child sit beside the lake to watch the dripping
and the plashing of the father's oars, as he skimmed
right merrily towards them on the deep blue waters.
Sounds, as of hasty steps, were heard one Aay, and pre-
sently a company of fugitives told with breathless haste
that the cruel Danes were making towards the ferry. Os-

mund heard them with fear. Suddenly the shouts of furi-
ous men came remotelj' on the ear. The fugitives rushed
on, and Osmund stood for a moment, when, snatching up
his oars, he rowed his trembling wife and fair child to
a small island, covered with the great Osmund Roj'al,
and, assisting them to land, enjoined them to lie down
beneath the tall ferns. Scarcely had the ferryman
returned to his cottage, when a company of Danes
rushed in ; but they hurt him not, for they knew he could
do them service. During the day and night did Osmund
row backwards and forwards across the river, ferrying
troops of those fierce men ; and when the last company
was put on shore, you might have seen Osmund kneeling
beside the river's bank, and returning heartfelt thanks to
Heaven for the preservation of his wife and child. Often
in after years did Osmund speak of that day's peril ; and
his fair child, grown up to womanhood, called the tall
fern by her father's name."

T. W. WONFOR.
Brighton.

Shelley and Barhamwick (2°'^ S. viii. 71.) —
May not this refer to Barnham parish (the village
is six miles from Chichester, and four from Bog-
nor), "where the family of Shelley of Michel-
grove at an early period possessed considerable
property" (Horsfield, i. 414.). There was a
family named Barham in Wadhurst parish. "Of
the ancient family of Barham, who for upwards of
two centuries resided here, Mr. Michael (after-
wards Mr. Sergeant) Barham gained the most no-
toriety " (Horsfield). Percy Bysshe Shelley, the
poet, was born at Field Place in the parish of
Warnham. It is more than probable, however,
that the Shelley family were originally from
another county. There is the parish of Shelley
(scene-leag) in Ongar hundred, Essex ; the parish
of Shelley {Shelli, Shelleighe) in Samford hundred,
Suffolk ; and the township of Shelley in the parish
of Kirk-Burton, co. York : cf. Dallaway.

R. S. Chabnock.

Herbert Knowles (2°* S. viii. 28. 55.)— J. F. W.
is not quite correct in his reply to the inquiry of
H. E. Wilkinson respecting Herbert Knowles.
He left some poems of considerable merit; but
which his friends, acting, I believe, on the advice
of Southey, declined to publish. Some extracts,
however, appeared in the Literary Gazette not
long after his death, and will be found in the
volume for 1817, 1818, or 1819, if your corre-
spondent wishes to see them.

I have before me, as I write, one of the original
copies of the " Lines written in Richmond Church-
yard," as well as manuscript copies of two short
poems, which I think are not the same as those
published in the Literary Gazette.

Is J. F. W. certain about the year of Knowles's
death ? I was a schoolfellow of his, and should
have thought that he died a year later than is
stated. C. H.

Leeds.

P.S. In the obituary of The Times of the 9th
May, 1859, appears a notice of the death, on the

2"^ S. VIII. Aua. G. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

117

3ril May, aged ninety-two, of William Chanter,
curate and incumbent of Hartland, in the diocese
of Exeter, for a period of seventy years. This
seems worthy of record in the pages of " N. & Q.,"
as well as the more extraordinary fact that the
incumbency of the last three perpetual curates of
Heptonstall, in the county of York, has extended
over 150 years.

Designation of Works under Eeview (!"' S. ix.
245. 516., x. 473., xi. 111. ; 2»'J S. vii. 505.) —As
the American word "caption," in the sense of
head or tide, is objectionable, and the word "ru-
bric" is only a suggestion of an addition to its
received use, we may be content with the word
" title " for the heading of our article. Thus
Article viii. of the Quarterly Reviev:, 1859, has
the running title " Bread," whilst the proper title
of the article is " [Review of] (1.) The English
Bread- Book ; (2.) Rapport sur le Frocede de
Panijication" and so on to the enumeration of
nine distinct works. Filling in the blank in the
example furnished in "N. & Q," (1'' S. xi. 111.),
we may say, " the subject is elaborately treated
in the second work [enumerated in the title] of
our Article viii.. Rapport sur le Frocede de Fani-
fication" Instead, however, of referring to the
number of the book in the title, it is usual to refer
to its author, and by name, if known. Sometimes
thus : " Of the works enumerated at the head of
this article, the second is, &c.," where head is the
synonym oi title.

The title of an article in a review may comprise

the titles of many books, but the same custom

which furnishes the word title to a book, supplies

it also to an article in a review. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Fassports. — In 2"^ S. v. 233., several questions
were asked respecting the origin of passports.
Now, without answering those questions, I for-
ward a copy of a document placed in my hands a
short time since for translation, which being a
passport granted by Queen Anne to her chief
harbinger Peter la Roche, a few months before
her death, proves that as late as 1713 permission
to leave the country was necessary before travel-
ling on the Continent. Thinking it might prove
as interesting to some of your readers as it did to
me, I made a copy of the original document, and
now forward it to you : —

"Anna, Dei Gratia, Magnae Britanlas, Francije et Hi-
berniijs regina, Fidei defensor, &c. Omnibus et singulis
ad quos prtesentes Literae pervenerint, Salutem. Quan-
doquidem Fidelis et Dilectus Subditus Noster Petrus la
Roche Generosus, qui per plurimos annos sese servitio
nostro addixerit et jam munere Primi Prfecursoris Hos-
pitij Nostri perfungitur, mala vero laborans valetudine a
nobis petierit, ut ei libertatem concederemus in Galliam
Sanitatis recuperandae gratia proficiscendi, nos ejus preci-
bus annuentes quo tutius commodiusque iter institutum
tarn eundo quam redeundo peragat his nostris comme-

atus Literis eum munire volulmns, rogandosque duximus
omnes et singulos Reges ac Principes cujusque Dignitatis
atque ordinis, Status Respublicas Liberasque Givitates
Amicos Nostros et Foederatos per quorum Ditiones transi-
turus sit, necnon Provinciarum Gubernatores Exercituum
Classiumque Duces, Prasfectos Limitaneos Arciumque
Custodes reliquosque ipsorum Officiales ac Ministros (id
quod subditis nostris quorum ullo modo intersit, firmiter
injungimus) ut praBfato Petro la Roche una cum uxore
sua, Famulis et Sarcinis quibuscunque non solum ubique
Locorum liberam et securam eundi transeundi commo-
randique, prout utris postulaverit, potestatem faciant,
verum etiam omnibus humanitatis et benevolentiae of-
ficiis excipiant adjuventque, ac novis insuper Commeatus
Literis, sicubi opus fuerit, communiant; Quod nos pari
vel alio studiorum genere prout occasio tulerit, grate
agnoscemus, rependique curabimus. Dabuntur in Arce
Nostra Windesoriensi vicesimo nono die Augusti, Anno
Domini Millesimo Septingesimo decimo tertio, Regnique
Nostri Duodecimo.

" Ad mandatum Serenissimse Dominae Reginse,

" BOLINGBROKE."

It was countersigned " Anna R.," in a very
shaky hand, and seemed as though she had
written " Anne," and then changed the final e
to an a. Bolingbroke's was a very bold signa-
ture. T. W. WONFOB.

Brighton.

Mence or Mense Family (2°** S. vii. 514.) — We
have received from the editor of The Barnsley
Chronicle a copy of that journal of 23rd July,
into which Rainhill's Query had been trans-
ferred. The editor had, in so transferring it,
added the following valuable scraps of informa-
tion, which we gladly transfer to our columns, as
they may be the means of enabling our corre-
spondent to trace the pedigree of which he is in
search : —

" We are told the late Mr. Charles T. Mence, solicitor,
of this town, used to speak of an ancient pedigree of their
family being in existence and in his possession. Can it
be the one referred to ? Rainhill is wrong about the
Rev. John William Mence being the last male descendant
of the family, as at the time of his decease (which took
place at Hoton, Leicestershire) he had two brothers
living in the neighbourhood of Barnsley, viz. Mr. B. H.
Mence (since deceased) and Mr. G. C. Mence. The last-
named gentleman still lives at Boggart House Farm,
Ardsley, near -Barnslej', and either he or his sisters, the
Misses Mence, of Barnslej-, would be able, if so minded, to
answer Rainhill's Query."

Torture : S. Dominic (2""^ S. vii. 406.) — From
the concluding lines of Bertrand du Guesclin's
reply, it would appear to be inferred that S. Do-
minic was the first Grand Inquisitor, or that at
one period he held that office. That he was so is
the commonly received, but I think erroneous,
opinion. I should be obliged if any of your cor-
respondents could point out where I could find
evidence to prove that S. Dominic held that ap-
pointment, or that he acted, while in the southern
provinces of France, in any other capacity than as
a missionary employed for the conversion of the
Albigenses. Philip Philippson.

118

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"» S. Vlir. Aug. G, 'c9.

Dates of the Birth and Death of British and American Authors (2""' S. viii. 51.) —

Name.
Caleb Colton -
Washington Irving
George Long -
William H. Prescott
William Carleton -
Sir Francis Bond Head
Leigh Hunt -
Bernard Barton
Tho. Haynes Bayly
Professor John Wilson
William Pinnock -
Robert Montgomery

George Croly

Date of Birth

- Not known.

- April 3, 1783.

- 1800.

- May 4, 1796.

- 1798.

- Jan. 1, 1793.

- Oct. 19, 1784.

- Jan. 31, 1784.

- Oct. 13, 1797.

- May 19, 1785.

- 1781.

- 1807.
ri780,

" i About 1783.

I believe the above account will be found cor-
rect, as far as ascertainable from the best published
authorities. 'A\ievs.

Dublin.

Ulphilas (2°'^ S. viii. 87.) — Ernesti, writing on
the New Testament, refers to Ulphilas only as the
translator of the New Testament in Moeso- Gothic
or old German. Chev. Bunsen, following Philo-
storgius, says Ulphilas translated both the Old
and New Testament, excepting the books of
Kings. Knittel does not admit of such excep-
tion; neither does Michaelis, nor Hug. Never-
theless all that has hitherto been discovered of
this translation consists of the four Gospels, with
a few lacunce, and some fragments of the Epistle
to the Romans, first published by Knittel in 1762,
and others of all St. Paul's epistles, with the ex-
ception of the two to the Thessalonians and that
to the Hebrews, discovered by Angelo Mai in
1817, and published in 1819.* See Michaelis,
translated by Marsh (ii. vii. s. 31 — 36.), and
Hug, translated by Wait (i. s. 129—139.). This
version therefore is silent as to 1 John v. 7., on
which the Greek Testament published by Bohn
has this note : —

" These words are found in no Greek manuscript older
than the fifteenth century, in no Latin older than the
ninth century ; in none of the ancient versions, in none
of the Greek fathers, in none of the Latin fathers."

A facsimile of this verse in a Greek MS., pre-
served in Dublin, is given by Bruns (Eichhorn's
Repertorium, iii. 260.). But it is excluded by
Tischendorf from his text. Had the MS. re-
cently found at Cairo contained this verse, Tis-
chendorf would not have omitted to announce a
fact of so much interest to Biblical students. To
the editions mentioned by Butler must be added
that of Zahn, 4to., Weissenfels, 1805. All these
contain only the four Gospels. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

P.S. Many words of this version resemble Eng-
lish, e.g. thein namo=thy name, ^^M=thou, airthai
:=earth, hriggais (pron. 6nwn'ais)=bring, 7<6j7ih=

* Including small portions of Esdras and Nehemiah.

Date of Death. Authority.

April 28, 1832. Notes and Queries, 2°'i S. v. 238.

Still living. Allibone, Engl. Cyclop., Men of tho Time.

Still living. Engl. Cj'clop.

Jan. 28, 1859. Athenajum, Lit. Gazette.

Still living. Allibone.

Still living. Burke's Peerage.

Still living. Engl. Cyclop., Allibone, Men of the Time.

Feb. 19, 1849. Memoir" by his daughter.

April 22, 1839. Memoir by his widow.

April 3, 1854. Engl. Cvclop.

Oct. 21, 1843. Gentl. Mag.

Dec. 3, 1855. Engl. C^'clop.

Still living. M "''T/k'^"^- • ^'''^°P-'

^ Men of the Time.

evil, driggkith (pron. d7-inJdth)=dnnketh, gaggis
(pron. g-ang-is)=gangest, or goest, so^jYA=seeketb,
twalib 2tJ2nf?'M?j5= twelve winters (Mai. ix. 20.}.

Grave-diggers (2°"^ S. viii. 39.) — The following
is the substance of a letter preserved among Dr.
Rawlinson's MSS. in the Bodleian Library, de-
tailing an accident which happened in 1739 to the
sexton of All Saints' Church, Kingston-upon-
Thames, who, with his son and daughter, were
employed together in digging a grave, when part
of the ancient chapel of St. Mary's adjoining the
church fell in upon them, killing the sexton and
another man on the spot, and wounding several
others. After being buried for more than th^ee
hours in the ruins of tlie fallen chapel, the son
and daughter of the sexton were both extricated
alive. The daughter survived this sad catastrophe
fifteen years, and was her father's successor. The
memory of the accident is preserved by a mezzo-
tinto-print of this female-sexton, engraved by
James M'Ardel, from a painting by J. Butler, in
which she is represented as of masculine form and
stature, in a waistcoat and hat, with the imple-
ments of her business upon her shoulder, and her
band upon a skull.

The sexton's name was Hammerton, and in the
parish register of All Saints, Kingston, are these
entries : —

" Abram Hammerton and Richard Mills, killed by the
fall of the Church; buried. Mar. 5, 1730-1.
"Hester Hammerton, buried Feb. 28, 1745-6."

An original portrait of the female grave-digger
is in the possession of Sudlow Roots, Esq., of
Kingston. For fuller particulars, vide Manning
and Bray's Surrey^ i. 371.; Bray ley's Siirrey, iii.
30,31. W.J. Pinks.

Faher v. S^nith (2"-^ S. viii. 87.) — Faher and
Aurifaler occur as surnames in many old docu-
ments. (See Cal. Hot. Chart, f. 40. ; Cul. Inq. ad
quod Damnum, f. 360. ; Cal. Inq. p. Mortem, i.
116.; also Gorham's Hist, of St. Neots (Suppl.),
pp. Ixxxil. Ixxxviii.) Can there be any reason-
able doubt that these names stood for Smith and
Goldsmith respectively ? Christiana Uodierna, of

2n'» S. VIII. Alg. 6. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

119

S. Neot's Cartulary, was certainly C. Thoday ; and
Rogerus Decanus, of the Buslimead Cartulary, is
called in some charters Rogerus le Deen.

Joseph Rix.

Luther and Wesley (2"« S. vii. 475.) —

" Sanct Paulus hat nicht so hoche prachtige Wort als
Demosthenes und Cicero, aber eigentlich und deutlich
redet er, und hat Wort, die etwas grosses bedeuten und
Anzeigen. Er hat Recht gethan, dass ers nicht sebr
kraus und bund gemacht hat, sonst wollte jdermann so
hoch reden." — Luther's J'ischreden, ii. 410., ed. Leipzig,
1845.

Dr. Koller quotes the following from Luther,
but does not refer to the book : —

" Man muss nicht die Buchstaben in der Lateinischen
Sprache fragen, wie man soil Teutsch reden, wie die Esel
thun, sondern man muss die Mutter im Hause, die Kinder
auf der Gassen, den gemeinen Mann auf dem Markte
darum fragen, und denselber auf das Maul sehen, wie sie
reden, und darnach dolmetschen, so verstehen sie es denn,
und merken, dass man Teutsch zu ihnen redet." — Faust
Papers, p. 9., London, 1835.

•' ' Clearness,' he says to one of his lay-assistants, ' is
necessary for j'ou and me, because we are to instruct peo-
ple of the lowest understanding : therefore we, above all,
if we think with the wise, must yet speak with the vul-
gar. We should constantly use the most common, little,
easy words (so they are pure and proper) which our
language affords. When first I talked at Oxford to plain
people, in the castle or the town, I observed they gaped
and stared. This quicklj' obliged me to alter my style,
and adopt the language of those I spoke to, and yet there
is a dignity in their simplicity which is not disagreeable
to those of the highest rank." — Southey's Life of Wesley,
i. 310., London, 1858.

The " lay-assistant" is not named, nor is it said
whence the extract was taken. I know few books
so slovenly in references as Southey's Life of
Wesley. H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

Coals, when First used in England (2""* S. viii.
95.) — The conjecture of R. respecting the early
introduction of sea-coal into the port of London
is not borne out by any historiographer of that
city. The export trade in Newcastle coals, which
were the first to be brought into London, dates
subsequently to the year 1357, when Edward III.
granted his famous licence to the burgesses of
Newcastle to extend their mining operations con-
siderably beyond the walls of their town. The
charters previously granted by King John (1213),
and by his son Henry III. (1234), only permitted
them to dig coal " for their own use, in the Castle
Moor" (vide Anderson's Origin of Commerce,
4 vols. 8vo., 1787; vol. i. pp. 206. 273. 340.; and
Northwick's History of London, 4to., London,
1773, p. 61.) Bishop Fleetwood also testifies to
the fact that coal was not in common use in Lon-
don 150 years before the publication of his Chro-
nicon Speciosum (fob, London, 1707.) It may be
doubted, too, whether the Fleete-ditch was really
navigable for barges, so far at least as Sea-coal
Lane, prioi* to the year 1606 ; when, as Pennant

relates, " it was scoured and kept open at vast
expence," and many valuable Roman and Saxon
antiquities were discovered. Vide his Account of
London, 4to., London, 1793, pp. 229 — 230. /3.

Watson (2°^ S. viii. 10. 94.) — John Farsyde,
afterwards John Watson of Bilton Park, acquired
that estate in 1755, under the will of his maternal
uncle George AVatson, of Bilton Park, Esq., who
died that year, and was son of John Watson of
New Malton, and grandson of George Watson of
Old Malton, who died 1732. The nephew, then
John Farsyde, assumed the name of Watson by
licence.

The grandson of this gentleman, John Farsyde
Watson, died 1833, leaving an only daughter and
heir, the present owner of Bilton.

Mr. Wood, who in 1813 took the name of Wat-
son, was grandson of Pleasance Watson, who was
an uncle of the said George Watson, who died in
1755. Upon the death of William Wood Watson
without issue, his cousin, Richard Baker of Eb-
berston, assumed the name of Watson by licence
dated 15 th August, 1817.

These particulars are forwarded to " N. & Q."
to prevent any errors arising from the statement
of H. W., who says, " he believes a Mr. Farsyde
Watson did reside at Bilton," but that he is not
aware of any connexion between him and the
family of Watson who for some generations held
Malton Abbey at a nominal rent. Genealogical
questions should be answered with caution. D.

Quotation Wanted (2"i S. viii. 69.) — Tillotson
alludes to Hobbes in the passage quoted by Libya.
I cannot give the reference, but the saying —
" When reason is against a man, a man will be
against reason" — is quoted by Rogers in his ar-
ticle on Anglicanism in the Edinburgh Review for
April, 1843, as Hobbes's. See "Essays" from the
Edinburgh Review, vol. iii. p. 77. David Gam.

Halls ofGreatford (2"'' S. viii. 95.) — Will C.
state who is Lord Latimers, now possessing the
estate as mentioned in his reply. D.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Archceologia Cantiana ; heing Transactions of the Kent
Archceological Society. Volume I. (Printed for the So-
ciety.)

Prevented from mingling with the great gathering of
belted earls and blue-eyed ladies, learned clerics and
profound antiquaries, who assembled at Rochester on
Wednesday last to celebrate the Annual Meeting of the
Kent ArchcBological Society, we were fain to content our-
selves with pondering over the handsomely printed and
beautifully illustrated volume of Transactions which that
Society has just issued. We must say that a volume
better calculated to vindicate the propriety of establish-
ing the Society, by showing the richness of the district
in matters of archasological interest, it would be hard

120

NOTES AND QUERIES.

2nd s. Yiii. Aug. 6.

to produce. Let us glance at its contents. What a pic-
ture of the state of a powerful lady in the good old times
may we gather from the Inventory of Juliana de Leybonie.
What light is thrown on the history of a man who
boasted at once the friendship of Erasmus and the jea-
lousy of Wolsey by the Letters of Archbishop Warham.
How well has Mr. tloach Smith described, and how beau-
tifully has Mr. Fairholt illustrated, the Kentish Anglo-
Saxon Remains. What an agreeable sketch have vre of
the manuscript riches of the county in the paper on The
Surrenden Charters, with its admirable facsimiles; and
Mr. Wykeham Martin's pleasant supplement on the Letter
of William of Wyheham. The learned biographer of the
Judges gives us, with special reference to Hackington, a
capital and well illustrated dissertation On the Collar of
SS. But we must not enter into the particular merits of in-
dividual papers, where all are good. On Ccesar's Landing
in Britain, by Mr. Hussey ; Cowden and its Neighbourhood,
by Mr. Blencowe; The Probatio ^tatis of TVtlliam de
Septvans ; Mr. Latter's paper On Early Pottery found in
Camden Park ; St. Mildred's, Canterbury, by Mr. Hussey ;
Queen Elizabeth Woodville ; Faversham Church, by Mr.
Church; Roman. Maidstone, by Mr. Post; Brasses in
Dover Castle, Sfc , by Mr. Herbert Smith; and lastly,
Sir Roger Twysden's Journal and the Pedes Finiiim re-
lating to Kent, by the learned and indefatigable Secre-
tary, the Rev. Lambert B. Larking, to whose influence,
from the respect for his learning and regard for his cha-
racter, felt by all who know him, the Society owes its
origin — complete a volume not only creditable to Kent,
and to all who have contributed to its production, but
which will — to use the words of Professor Stanley —
" render good service not only to Archajology, but to the
History of England."

TTie Trilogy of Dante's Three Visions. Inferno, or the
Vision of Hell, translated into English in the Metre and
Triple Rhyme of the Original, with Notes and Illustrations.
By the Rev. John Wesley Thomas. (Bohn.)

A volume highly creditable to Mr. Thomas for the ac-
curacy of the translation, and the easy flow of his triple
rhymes; and of great interest to readers who are not
familiar Avith the Italian language, from the notes with
which the translator has accompanied his version of this
portion of the Divina Commedia.

Spiritual Songs, by the Rev. John Mason ; and Peni-
tential Cries, by the Rev. Thos. Shepherd. (Sedge-
wick.)

This collection of Sacred Poetry first appeared in the
years 1683 and 1694. It is well worth reprinting, and
will supply most valuable additions to our modem
hymnals. Mr. Mason's hymns in particular have some-
times all the pathos of Watts, with greater elevation of
dignity.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PUECHA8H.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Wren's Parentalia. Folio.

DiBDIn's TtpOORAPHICAI, ANTICiOITIES, 4to.

Dk Foe's Works. 20 Vols. 12mo.

Romilly's Speeches. 2 Vols.

Wood's Athene Oxoniepjses, by Bliss. 1 Vols. 4to.

Waipoi.b's Anecdotes of Paintino. 5 Vols. 4to. Strawben'y Ilill.

Webster's Works, by Dyce. 4 Vols.

Marsden's Oriental Coins. * 2 Vols. 4fo. •

RooKBs' Poems and Italy. 1830-34. Uncut.

Wanted by C. J. Skeet, 10. King William Street, Strand, W. C.

Tap. Opkba ov La Sohnambola. Bishop's Edition.

Wanted by Mr. Wood, 34. Leaze's Terrace, Newcastle- on-Tync-

De Louie (J, L.) on the Constitction op Ekoland. 2nd EdI

Dated between 1775 and 1781.
Nichols's Literary Anecdotks. Vol. VII. (Index.)

Wanted by WtUiam J. Thorns, Esq., 40. St. George's Square,
Belgrare Road, S. W.

j?0ttccs" in €Qvxti]^an^tnt^,

In our we.it number, among other articles of interest, will appear The
Laird of Cockpcn; Mr. Macray's List of Wnters in Foreian Quarterly ;
and Mr. Sainsbury's Quarrels of Artists in the Reign of Charles I.

Centurion. JfMalone had not had the bust at Stratford-upon-Avon
whitewashed, xoe miuht have known, what v:e believe is now unknoivn,
namely, the colour of Sliakspeare's eyes.-

Delta. Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk are generally attributed to
Lockkart,who was no doubt the chief writer; but,inJnsJAfeof Scott,
" takes the opportunity of adding that they were not all the work of one
hand,

KiLooBBiN. There can be >«> dotibt that in the lines

" What can ennoble Knaves or Fools or Cowards,
Alas I not all the blood of all the Howards,"
the last words are to be pronounced as dissyllables.

Scrotator will .find in our \3t Series {more particularly in the ith vol. »
Much curious matter illustrative of the or igin o/Pic-Nics, and also qf the
etymology of the word, for which an English, French, Italian, Swedish,
-Sc. origin is claimed by different writers.

Mb. Asher's interesting Paper on Shakspeare shall appear ver>i
shortly.

A Constant Reader is thanked for liis suggestion, which shall receive
our best attention.

Errata. — 2nd S. viii. p. 49. col. ii. 1. 20. /or " Thissil " reat/i'SThirsil;''
1. 22. /or "court" rearf " covert ; " 1. 23. fee ." gauue " read " gannc;"
p. 94. col.ii. line 23. for "Leger" read" Rev. Samuel Seyer."

"Notes and Qi;eiiii«" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Montbly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six MorUlia forwarded direct from the PiMishers (.including the IJalf-
yearly Index) is lis. 4({., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of Messrs. Bell and Daldy,18C. Fleet Street, E.C.; to whom
all Communications por the Editor shouZd be addressed.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

51 IHebunn of lirirr-Commmrifntiiju

VOB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price id. unstamped ; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 187. — July 30th.

NOTES : — The Lion in Greece, by Sir G. C. Lewis _ " Molly Mog "

— Kelp — Napoleon's Escape from Elba, by H. D'Aveney.

Minor Notes : _ Lord Howe — Ilarry-Sophistcr — Errors in Debrett —
Original of the Faust Legends — Faber v. Smith.

QUERIES: — Letters of Cranmer and Osiander: Richard Smith's Book
Sale, 1682 — Ulphilas.

Minor Queries : — Gloucestershire Churches — Dundalk Accommoda-
tion — Harding Family _ Scutch Mills in Ireland — Story of Marshal
Turenne — Revivals of 1810 — Brathwaite — Sir Stephen Jenins, Lord
Mayor of London in 1508 — Booksellers' Lists— Greek Word — Lady
Arabella Denny— Earldom of Melfort — St. Patrick's Kidgcs — En-
caustic Paintings at Pompeii— " The Parliament of Pimlico" and
" The Olio " — Aborough or Borough Family — Gilbert Burnet, M. A.

— Othello by Ilauff, &c.

Minor Queries with Answers: — Pandy — Rev. Thomas Harrison —
Route Map of Switzerland— R. Roxby and J. Shield.

REPLIES : —Dean Conybeare's "Elementary Lectures," by J. H.
Markland — " Andrew Marvell's Letter to John Milton," by R. Car-
ruthers — Classical Cockneyism — Celtic Remains in Jamaica, by J.
H. van Lenncp, &c..

Replies to Minor Queries:- The Legend of Bethgellert — Medical
Tract by Marat: Marat in Edinburgh — Vertue's "Draughts" —
L' Academic FranSaise — Chatterton MS. — De Foe's Descendants —
Watson, Yorkshire — Halls of Greatford — Coals, when First used
in England- Calverley Family — " Baratariana " — Rev. George
HoUwell — Inn Signs by Eminent Artists — John St. Lowe — County
Voters' Qualification— " The Dance of Death," &c..

Notes on Books, &c.

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : —

First Series, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 6?. 6».

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 3/. 13s. 6d. cloth ; and.

General Inde^ to First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

2"d S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

121

LONDON. SATURDAY. AUGUST 13. 1859.

Xo. 189. — CONTENTS.

NOTES: — Artists' Quarrels in Charles I.'s Reign, by W . Noul Sains-
bury, 121 —Mr. James Payne, by Bolton Comey,122_The Laird
of Cockpcn: Brose and Butter, 123 — I^ist of Writers m "Foreign
Quarterly Review," by John Macray, 124.

Minor Notbs : — Strange Derivation — Supporting the Clergy — Mean-
ing of Toy— Basingstoke Reckonings — Sir Joshua Reynolds s House
in Leicester Square, 127.

QUERIES:- Bibliographical QuDriea, 128 — "Then Pusli about the
Flowing Bowl," lb.

Minor Qukries : — '• Molly Mog"—Patroclus — Archery Club Motto
-W.Dimond — Tower-crowned Arch — Orthograplucal Peculiarity

— Donnybrook, near Dublin — Grotesques in Churches — " The Young
Travellers; or, a Visit to Oxford " — Heraldic Query — Jaraes Aik-
inan — Sir "Wm. Petty's Letters —Dorchester House, Westminster —
Origin of the Judge's Black Cap — Law and Poison, &c., 129.

Minor Qoebies witB Answers:- '.' The English Spy " — Sheridan's
Speech on Warren Hastings' Trial— John Lord Cutts — Gauntlope —

. Cfanbury, 131.

REPLIES: —Cromwell in Scotland, 132— LeContratMohatra,byRev.
Thomas Boys, 133 — Milton's Correspondence, by CI. Hopper, 134 —
Dr. Latham s Theory of the Indo-European Languages, lb.

Replies to Minor Queries :— Robert Nelson — Cromwell's Children

— St. Dominic and the Inquisition— Moldwarp— Eminent Artists who
have been Scene-painters — Hearing through the Mouth — Scraping
an Acquaintance — Preservation of Monumental Brasses — Fawnes
Family — " Kaiserlicher GekrOnter Dichter " — Haxey Hood — A Pair
of Gloves preferred to the Bible — Brathwaitc,&c., 135.

Notes on Books, &c.

artists' QUARRELS IN CHARLES I.'s REIGN.

I send you a transcript of a curious letter from
Horace Gentilescbi to King Charles I. So widely
spread was this artist's reputation that in 1626 he
was invited to London by that monarch, who
granted him an annuity of lOOZ. per annum, fur-
nished his house " from top to toe," at an expense
of more than 4000^., and treated both him and his
family with the greatest liberality and distinction,
Balthazar Gerbier, an artist himself, under the
protection of the Duke of Buckingham, and who
had "lived in England since the year 1617," ap-
pears to have been little pleased at the favours so
lavishly bestowed upon Geutileschi and his family.
In the letters printed in the Appendix to the lately
published Original Papers of Rubens, pp. 311.
et seq., there is evidence of Gerbier's antagonistic
feeling to his Italian rival. He estimates four
pictures painted by Gentileschi, which now form
part of the ornaments of the Hall at Marlborough
House, at 270Z., which he makes out was all the
return Gentileschi gave for 7,500?. received by
him from the king and the Duke of Buckingham.
Beyond attributing to Gerbier great jealousy and
dissatisfaction, I was unable to trace the cause of
his apparently revengeful and pertinacious con-
duct. I think, however, the following letter, which
has lately turned up in the State Paper Office,
clears up this doubt, and proves the "head and
front" of Gentileschi's offence : —

[Indorsed.]

♦' Sig''. Gentileschi's paper delivered to his Ma"* touching

M^ Gerbiere, 29 Jan. 1628-9.

" Maj' it please your most Excell' Ma''".
" Longe since I had many particular occasions given
to informe yC Highnes upon some discontentment be-

tweene my self and M'. Gerbier, wherein I was loathe to
be querelous or troublesome to your Ala**®, had I not now
been enforced by this last occasion, by way of justificacon
of my self and my sonnes, whoe all of us are ready to ap-
prove by oathe or by probable testimony That whatsoever
is heerein conteyned is true.

" The first distaste betweene M"". Gerbier and my selfe
was That I would not accorde with him in the mayn-
teyneinge and approvinge the goodnes of such Statues
and Pictures as hee woulde have mee, out of which I was
promised a benefitt, but refused to condiscende unto or
accept of.

" The seconde cause for not approvinge some of those
Pictures which were already in Yorke howse, to be of that
merritt and valine as hee hathe reported, whereupon
bearinge this spleene in his mynde, not knowinge how to
expresse it otherwise, bee invited mee to his howse to
supper. Att which tyme hee tooke occasion to give mee
bad language, w''* I distastinge departed to my owne
howse. Since that hee hathe toulde a Gent whoe will
verify it That whatsoever I shall propounde eyther to
your Ma"« or others in this Kingdome, hee woulde crosse
mee in it ; And the same Gent informed mee that all the
Dutchmen had combyned togeather to weary mee, and
make mee leave the Kingdome, As by theis foUowinge
passages may appeare.

" For M'. Gerbier hathe caused one John Bons his ser-
vaunte to arrest my sonne Frauncis on a Sonday Mome-
inge in service tyme uppon a feyned Action of money he
pretended to be owinge him, whereas no such debte is
due. And therfore not able to maynteyne his Action, hee
lett the Suite fall. And this hee did to disgrace him,
and out of apprehension that hee was not able to fynde
suertj'es eyther not at all, or not very readily, beinge a
stranger, and as his servaunt stylde him a Fugitive.
And in the tyme of his suite John Bous beinge advised
by twoe Gent to desist, both in respect hee wanted matter
and meanes to follow it, hee replyed that hee had a freind
whoe woulde maynteyne him with the expence of a hun-
dred powndes.

" In a shorte tyme after Mr. Gerbier his comeinge out
of Italj'e hee caused his sayde servaunte to arrest my
sonne Marke, servaunt to the Dutches of Buckingham,
uppon a pretence hee stoode in feare of his life. And
presently after that the sayde John Bous tooke out a
speciall SuppUcavit against both my sonnes ; whereuppon
by some advise given them, and out of their desire to
shew all conformity, they forthwith repayred to the
Crowne Office, and there voluntarily bounde themselves
to your Ma''®.

" The sayde Mr. Gerbier in a few dayes after, not satis-
fied with theis molesting courses and vexacons against
mee and my sonnes, caused my sonne Frauncis uppon
New Yeares Day in the morneinge to be arrested uppon
pretence of a debt feyned to be due, And gave spe-
ciall direccons that the officers should not accept of
Bayle nor lett him remayne in any howse, but to carry
him to prison and soe to begynne the yeare with
Captivity. But the sayd officers by the earnest per-
swacon of a Gent late servaunt of my Lo. Dukes carrj'cd
him to a howse and tooke Baj-le, whoe was not un-
gratefull for their favor. Moreover the sayde Mr. Ger-
bier hathe cast out such scandalous speeches of mee and
my sonnes which I doe forbeare (as unfittinge your
sacred eares) to putt to writeinge, which a Gent will jus-
tify to whome hee spake them. Hee hathe besides j'm-
peached my credditt and my sonnes, in sayinge wee
would pay no Tradesmen or others their debts, which is
most untrue, because both I and my sonnes have given
satisfaccon for all debts due to any without delay or ill
language ; And that all my sonnes are of a peaceable
and quiett disposicon, of a ciVill behaviour to all, it wilbe

122

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.

witnessed and approved by diverse gent of woorthe.
Whereas on the other parte M''. Gerbier about six
monethes since offerred to kill a man Avith a poclvett
pistoll att the Tower, a priviledged place, yf^^ beinge duly
considered, my sonnes have more occasion to stand in
feare of their lyves by him, hee beinge a man of that
desperate condition to carrj' such dangerous and una-
voydable -weapons about him in prohibitted places.

" And whereas it hathe been reported That my sonnes
fihoulde offer some harde measure to M"'. Laneere abroade,
and that some distast was growne between them, there
■wilbe authenticall witnesse to prove the contrary. Be-
cause that Mf. Laneere alwayes used them respectively,
and the3' ever were reputed to be of quiett disposicon in
the places where they have lived, which beinge prsemised
I humbly beseech your Ma*'" to observe the coherence of
this last accident.

" On Monday the 19* of this January, Julio ray sonne
appointed aboute 6 of the clock att night to visitta freind,
and raeetinge M'. Gerbier in the Strande they fell into
expostulations, and uppon some ill woordes given it is
confessed thatm}- unadvised sonne Julio strooke him once
or twise with his swoorde in the Scaberd over the heade,
and the Scabberd beinge broken John Bous, M''. Gerbier
his man, layinge houlde on the swoorde to wrest it out of
my sonnes hande, cutt his hande. Whereuppon, M"".
Gerbier and his man crj-inge out, a multitude of people
came about them, and my sonne was forced to leave his
swoorde and be gone.

" Imediately after it happened That Marco my sonne
retourneinge home from the Towne where hee had been,
seeinge a multitude of people in a shopp, he went (it
seemes out of vaine curiosity) to know the cause of that
Assemblj". And beinge discovered by M'. Gerbier, he
assaulted him, and drew him into the shopp, where they
•would have disarmed him of his swoorde before hee knew
or suspected any thinge, for his Brother was then gone ;
whereuppon my sonne defended himself as well as hee
coulde. But intendinge no matter of quarrell, his swoorde
beinge in the hanger by his side, he was willinge to de-
Ij'ver it upp to the Shopkeeper, neverthelesse they vio-
lentlj' tooke it away and his cloake alsoe, which is yett
detained.

" Complainte beinge made against my sonnes to the
Right Ho'"'" the Earle Marshall, thej' were comitted and
doe yett indure imprisonment, havinge now cont3'nued
under their punishmentes tenne daj-es.

" And this punishment uppon mj' sonne Julio vf"^ of-
fended, I acknowledge to be just, and am not sorry for it.
For howsoever the Provokements by Mr. Gerbier his in-
juries have been great, j'ett it shalbe farre from mee to
defend any of them when they doe amisse. And now hav-
inge taken the boldnes to declare unto your Ma''« this
perplexed condicOn wherein I and myne have lived a good
while, and have just cause to conceave that the Animosity
of M'' Gerbier against us is not yett att a Period unlesse
by your Ma*<" gratious favor we be protected, I take the
confidence to make your Ma"^ my Refuge, whoe (under
God) doe relye uppon your goodnes alone, havinge no
other freinde, and lookinge for no succor from any otlier
hande. And therefore doe humbly beseech your Ma"« to
take such order on your peticoners behaulf as hee and his
ma}- live and serve you without disturbaunce and vexa-
con, And that he may ende his oulde age under your
Ma'" Countenaunce, without discomforte, and that his
sonnes after soe longe a sufferrance may be enlarged.
But if it be your pleasure that his sayd sonnes shoulde
leave this kingdome uppon this occasion, your Ma*"
within a convenient tyme shalbe obeyed. And (as in
duty bounde) I and myne shall pray for your Ma'«' most
happy and prosperous Raigne."

York House, formerly the episcopal residence
of the Archbishops of York, was purchased by the
crown from Cardinal Wolsey, and thenceforward
became better known by its ancient name of
Whitehall, as the chief royal residence in the me-
tropolis. Buckingham had a residence in a part
of the palace, which retained the old name of York
House, probably as being a portion of the original
fabric. Many of Buckingham's letters are dated
"from York House." After Buckingham's death,
Gerbier was its keeper, and it was there that he
entertained Rubens during his stay in England.
In July, 1629, writing to Sec. Lord Dorchester,
Gerbier says that be had " received no other re-
compense and livelihood for twelve years' service,
than an annuity [the amount is not stated], the
old house in which he is lodged, and the Keeper-
ship of York House., which is but servitude with-
out profit." The Privy Gardens of Whitehall are
part of those formerly attached to York House.

Pilkington, in his Dictionary of Painters, speaks
of a son Francesco Gentileschi, who excelled in
historical subjects, and died at Genoa in 1660;
and also of a daughter, Artemisia, who, while in
England, painted portraits of the principal nobi-
lity, and a fine picture, " David and Goliah," for
Charles I. There are warrants in the State Paper
Office for payment of various sums of money to
Gentileschi in January, 1629-30, and June, 1631.
He died in London in 1647, so that we do not
suppose his interest, or favour at court, was in
any degree affected by Gerbier's conduct, and " all
the Dutchmen combyning togeather to weary
him." In May, 1631, Gerbier was appointed " H.
M. agent at Brussel?," which put an end to the
disputes between the Italian and Dutch artists.

W. Noel Sainsbubt.

MR. JAMES PATNE.

The Catalogue cle livres pricieux, manuscrits et
imprimes sur peau-velin, du cabinet de M. * *, is
one of the richest ever issued. The date of its
publication is 1811, and the proprietor of the books
described in it was M. Chardin. A copy of it has
been many years in my possession.

Another copy falling in my way, I was induced
to examine it in order to ascertain its beauties or
defects as compared with my previous acquisition.
It proved to contain, in addition, 1. A descriptive
list of 283 classical works cum notis variorum ; 2.
A similar list of 182 works printed by the Elze-
viers ; and 3. A similar list of 95 works printed
on vellum by P. Didot I'aine and other Parisian
printers. I therefore purchased it.

The Avis prefixed to the first of the three lists
furnishes me with the lines which I am about to
transcribe : —

" Dire que les exemplaires ont e'te choisis par M. Char-

2"'« S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

123

din, amateur eclaire, dont le gout pour les beaux Hvres
est connu depuis long- temps, c'est assez faire entendre
que leur conservation ne laisse rien a desirer. Trente
annees ont h peine suffi h cet amateur pour r^unir un
ensemble aussi parfait ; et peut-etre menie ne fiit-il ja-
mais parvenu h, se procurer les beaux exemplaires en
grand papier des editions anglaises qui jettent un si grand
lustre sur sa collection, s'il n'eut pas et^ seconde par
I'amitie constante de M. James Payne, libraire de Lon-
dres triis-renomme (1.), qui se faisait un plaisir d'enricbir
nn cabinet qu'il jugeait digne de toute son attention.

" La connaissance de cette derniisre circonstance ex-
pliquera pourquoi Ton trouve dans une collection formee
h Paris, des editions d'Oxford et de Cambridge en grand
papier et magnifiquement reliees h Londres, qui sont de-
venues tellement rares qu'on les chercherait inutilement
aujourd'hui cliez les libraires de Londres.

(L) " M. James Payne, dont la perte nous a ete si
sensible, est movt h Paris le 2 mars 1809, a peine age de
quarante-trofs ans.

" II n'etait pas moins recommandable par I'amenit^ de
son caract^re et par sa probite que par I'etendue de ses
connaissances bibliographiques. Passionne pour les livres
precieux, il avait vu tons ceux que I'Angleterre renferme ;
il avait parcouru presque toutes les bibliothfeques publiques
de I'Europe, et il en connaissait les richesses aussi-bien
que les personnes auxquelles la conservation de ces ^tab-
lissemens e'tait confiee. Ses voyages en France, en Alle-
magne et en Italie, lui procurferent un grand nombre de
manuscrits precieux et d'editions premieres qu'il envoya
en Angleterre, au lord Spencer, dont la biblioth^que fut
toujours I'objet de sa predilection, et qu'il se plaisait h
citer comme la plus magnifique qu'aucun particulier ait
jamais formee. — J. C. Bkunet,"

Dibdin may have noticed the above biographi-
cal scrap, but it is new to me and may be so to
others. Bolton Cobney.

Fontainebleau.

THE LAIRD OF COCKPEN : BROSE AND BUTTER.

A friend of mine has handed to me the enclosed
version of the story on which the well-known
Scotch ballad " The Laird of Cockpen" is founded,
with a request that I would ascertain through you
when this anecdote first appeared in print, with a
view to discover who " the Laird of Cockpen "
was. I believe it is generally admitted that Lady
Nairn was author of the words of this song, and
I think there can be no doubt that it refers to the
lands of Cockpen, situated about seven miles to
the south of Edinburgh, which now form part of
the estate of Dalhousie.

This property belonged in 1635 to Mark Carss,
W.S., who was succeeded by his son and grandson
of the same name. The last Mark Carss sold
Cockpen to Mr. Archibald Cockburn, merchant
in Edinburgh in 1731, whose son, Baron Cock-
burn (father of Lord Cockburn), sold it in 1 785
to the Earl of Dalhousie, whose ancestors had held
it as a portion of their family estate of Dalhousie
from the earliest times.

The family of Dalhousie, although parting with
the property, retained the superiority of Cockpen
down to the year 1720, when it was purchased

from them by Mark Carss of Cockpen. They
might, therefore, as crown vassals, be called "the
Lairds of Cockpen " in the time of Charles IL,
but the actual proprietors of Cockpen at that
period were the Carsses.

The -Earl of Lothian as heir of the last com-
mendator of New Battle had some claim to the
patronage of the kirk of Cockpen, and also to the
ecclesiastical lands connected with it, which he
made over to Mark Carss in 1635, and these may
have occasioned a dispute between him and his
superior in the days of Charles IL

There was a house on the property in 1785,
which, from its appearance as sketched on the
plan, was probably erected by Mr. Archibald
Cockburn, or by the last Mark Carss.

I will feel greatly obliged if any of your corre-
spondents can furnish an answer in your columns
to the above. T.

The licentiousness and thoughtlessness of King
Charles IL have become proverbial, and his good
nature, which qualifies these, but ill atones for his
ingratitude to those who suffered foi-feiture and
persecution in his cause. When he remained in
Scotland, suffering the rebuke and censure of
austere Presbyterianism, before the battle of Wor-
cester (1651), his chief confidant and associate
was the Laird of Cockpen, called by the nick-
naming manners of those times, " Blythe Cock-
pen.

Cockpen followed Charles to the Hague, and by
his skill in playing Scottish tunes, and his sagacity
and wit, much delighted his merTy monarch.
Charles's favourite tune was "Brose and Butter."
It was played to him when he went to bed, and he
was awakened by it. At the Restoration (1660),
however, Blythe Cockpen was forgotten, and he
wandered upon the lands which he once owned in
Scotland poor and unfriended.

Cockpen wrote to the court, but his letters were
never presented, or were not regarded. Wearied
and incensed he travelled to London, and placed
himself in all public places, thinking the eye of his
majesty might reach him. But he was never no-
ticed, and his mean garb did not suit the rich and
embroidered doublets of court ; so he was insulted
and pushed away from approaching the king's
presence.

Cockpen at length attempted by cunning what
he could not accomplish by plain dealing : he
ingratiated himself with the king's organist, who
was so enraptured with Cockpen's wit and powers
of music that he requested him to play on the
organ before the king at divine service. Cockpen
played with exquisite skill, yet never attracted
his majesty's eye. But at the close of the service,
instead of playing the common tune used, he played
up " Brose and Butter," with all its energy and
characteristic merriment.

The organist in a moment was ordered into the

124

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. VIIL Aug. 13. '59.

presence of Charles. "My Liege, it was not me,
it was not me ! " he cried, and dropped upon his
knees. "You! " cried bis majesty, in a delirium
of rapture, "you could never play it in your life.
Where's the man ? Let me see him." Cockpen
presented himself on his knee. "Ah! Cockpen,
is that you ? L — d, man, I was like to dance
coming out of the church ! " "I once danced too,"
said Cockpen ; " but that was when I had land of
my own to dance on." " Come with me," said the
king, taking him by the hand, " you shall dance
to Brose and Butter on your own lands again to
the nineteenth generation," and he was as good as
his promise.

LIST OF WRITERS IN " FOREIGN QUARTERLY RE-
VIEW," VOLS. I. XIV., A CONTRIBUTION TO LI-
TERARY HISTORY.

Vol. I. Xo. 1. Art. 1. R. Southey, Esq.

2. Sir W. Scott.

3. Rev. G. Gleig.

4. — Mac Naughten, Esq., Calcutta.

5. G. Moir, Esq., Edinburgh.

6. W. Maginn, Esq.

7. Dr. R. Ferguson.

8. E. P. Gillies, Esq.

9. Dr. Ant. Todd Tliomson.

10. Dr. Statele, and J. G. Cochrane,

Esq.

11. A.Vieusseux, Esq.

[The Miscellaneous Literary Intelligence was chiefly
drawn up, from 1827 till 1834,'by Mr. John Macraj'.]

No. 2.j^rt. 1. J. Merivale, Junr, Esq., Oriel.

2. G. Moir, Esq.

3. Dr. R. Ferguson.

4. T. Hodgkin, Esq.

0. B. Keene, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.

G. Dr. (novf Sir D.) Brewster.

7. W. Taylor, Esq., Norwich.

8. T. Keightley, Esq.

9. C. Maclaren, Esq.

10. G. Moir, Esq.

11. Rev. Hugh James Rose.

12. R. P. Gillies, Esq.

13. J. G. Cochrane and VV. Smirnove,

Esqrs.

14. Rev.T. J. Hussey.

15. R. P. Gillies, Esq.
Vol. II. No. 3. .\rt. 1. R. Chenevix, Esq

2. Mrs. Busk.

3. S. D. Whitehead, Esq.

4. J. H. Merivale, Esq.

5. Dr. (now Sir John) Bowring.

6. James Murray, Esq. (one of the
editors of The Times.)

7. Thos. Keightley, Esq.

8. W. D. Cooley, Esq.

9. Rev. Hugh J. Rose.

10. Sir W.Scott.

11. Leitch Ritchie, Esq.

12. Dr. Ferguson.

13. W. Taylor, Esq., Norwich.

14. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

15. J. Jlacray.

16. T. Hodgkin, Esq.

17. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

Vol. II. No. 3. Art. 18. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

19. R. P. Gillies, Esq.

20. J. G. 'Cochrane, Esq.

21. Rev. T. Hartwell Home.

22 — 4. Dr. De Santis, translated and
revised by J. G. C.

25. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.
No. 4. Art. 1. G. Moir, Esq.

2. Rev. G. Waddington, Trin. Col.
Cambridge.

3. Don Telesfero de Trueba y Cosio.

4. T. Keightley, Esq.

5. Rev. Henry J. Rose.

6. Capt. Monk (Translator of " Son-
nini's Travels.")

7. L. Ritchie, Esq.

8. S. D. Whitehead, Esq.

9. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

10. T. Keightley, Esq.

11. R. P. Gillies, Esq. .

12. Capt. Staniforth.

13. Dr. T. Young.

14. Dr. De Santis.

15. T. Keightley, Esq.

16 — 18. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

19. L. Ritchie, Esq.

20. Dr. Ferguson.

21. T. Hodgkin, Esq.

22. John Macrav.

23. T. Keightley, Esq.
24 — 5. Dr. Ferguson.

26. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.
Vol. III. No. 5. Art. 1. W. D. Cooley, Esq.

2. Dr. J. Bowring.

3. J. Merivale, Junr., Esq.

4. Henry Roscoe, Esq.

5. Thos. Galloway, Esq.

6. J. D. Whitehurst, Esq.

7. Dr. R. Ferguson.

8. Rev. H. Drury, Harrow.

9. Henry Southern, Esq.

10. Mrs. Busk.

11. Moore, Esq.

12. Rev. T. H. Home.

13. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

14. Rev. T. J. Hussey.

15. S. D. Whitehead, Esq.

16. H. Southern, Esq.

17. A. Vieusseux, Esq.
18—19. R. P. Gillies, Esq.

20. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

21. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

No. 6. Art. 1. John Ward, Esq. (son of J. Ward,
Esq., Inspector of Customs.)

2. Charles McKenzie, Esq. (late Con-
sul at Hayti).

3. J. H. Merivale, Esq.

4. A Vieusseux, Esq.

5. Edw. Holmes, Esq. (Prof, of Mu-
sic, Islington).

6. H. Southern, Esq.

7. Mrs. Busk.

8. H. Southern, Esq.

9. Dr. J. Bowring.

10. C. Maclaren, Esq.

11. J. R. M'Culloch, Esq.

12. John Ward, Esq.

13. Mrs. (Anon.)

14. Rev. T. J. Hussey.
15—16. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.
17. John Macray.

18—19. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

2"<i S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

125

Vol. III. No. 6. Art. 20.

21,
22.

Vol. IV. Xo. 7. Art. 1.

2,

3.

4,

6.

6.

7.

8.

9,
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
N.X 8. Art. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18-
20.

Vol. V. No. 9. Art. 1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.

12.
13.

14.
15.
16,
17.
18.
IP.
Xo. 10. Art, 1.
2.

H. E. Lloyd, Esq. (Foreigu Post
Office).
. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

J. Macray and J. G. Cochrane.
. H. Hallam, Esq.
, Dr. J. Bowring.

S. D. Whitehurst, Esq.
. T. Keightle3', Esq.

Leitch Kitchie, Esq.
, C. Mackenzie, Esq.
, H. Southern, Esq.

W. D. Cooler, Esq.
, Rev. Hugh J. Rose.
, H. Southern, Esq,

Rev. T. H. Home.

Rev. T. J. Husse\-.

Mrs. Busk.

A. Vieusseux, Esq.

Rev. T. J. Hussey.

Sir W. Scott.

E. Holmes, Esq.
Dr. James Brown.
Chas. Barker, Esq.

J. R. M'CuUoch, Esq.
Mrs. Busk.
Rev. Hugh J. Rose.
W. D. Coolej", Esq.
L. Ritchie, Esq.
T. Keightley, Esq.

F. Prandi, Esq. (ex-Military Offi-
cer of Ital. Army).

Rev. T. H. Home.
Mrs. Busk.
L. Ritchie, Esq.
W. D. Coole.v, Esq.

G. Moir, Esq.
Mrs. Busk.

—19. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

H. Lloyd, Esq. (Foreign Post
Office).

H. Southern, Esq.

G. Moir, Esq.

J. R. M«Culloch, Esq. (principally
from the communication of Mr.
Buchanan, a commercial traveller).

L. Ritchie, Esq.

George Long, Esq. (Greek Prof.,
London University).

A. Vieusseux, Esq.

J. Conder, Esq.

T. Keightle„v, Esq.

Dr. J. Bowring.

T. Galloway, Esq.

T. Jefferson Hogg, Esq. (Barris-
ter).

laKOTOs £6 MopavLa,

Sir J. Mackintosh.

A. Vieusseux, Esq.

Mrs. Busk.

L. Ritchie, Esq.

A. Vieusseux, Esq.

Mrs. Busk.

H. Southern, Esq.

John Ward, Esq.

C. Lj'ell, Esq. of Kinnordy (re-
vised by F. Prandi, Esq.).

G. Cornewall Lewis, Esq. (now Rt.
Hon. Sir G. C. L., Bart.).

T. Prandi, Esq.

J. A. St. John, Esq.

H. Southern, Esq.

Don Antonio Galiano (ex-Mem-

ber of the Span. Cortes, Prof,
of Span, in the London Univ.
Vol. V. Xo. 10. Art. 8. Thos, J. Hogg, Esq.

9. James Bacon, Esq., Barrister
Authorof " Hist, of Francis L")

10. T. Keightley, Esq.

11. H. Southern, Esq.

12. laKOTTOs £e Mopavio.

13. Dr. John Bowring.

14. Rev. T. H. Home.

15. Don Antonio Galiano.

16. Mrs. Busk.

17. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

18. Rev. T. H. Hussev.
Vol. VI. Xo. 11. Art. 1. G. Moir, Esq.

2. Dr. Bowring.

3. Rev. J. J. Hen slow.

4. Rev. T. J. Hussey.

5. Mrs. Busk.

6. G. C. Lewis, Esq.

7. Thos. Campbell Robertson, Esq.

8. Swann, Esq.

9. Edw. Holmes, Esq.

10. H. Southern, Esq.

11. G. C. Lewis, Esq.

12. Mrs. Busk.

13. Rev. T. J. Hussey.

14. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

15. F. Prandi, Esq.
16—17. Rev. T. H. Home.

No. 12. Art. 1. P. Fraser Tytler, Esq., Author of
the " Hist, of Scotland."

2. G. C. Lewis, Esq.

3. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

4. G. Austin, Esq., brother of Prof.

of Jurisp. in London Univer.

5. Rev. T. J. Hussev.

6. G. Moir, Esq.

7. G. C. Lewis, Esq.

8. John AVard, Esq.

9. H. Southern, Esq.
10—12. Mrs. Busk.

13. Rev. T. J. Hussej^

14. T. Hodgkin, Esq.

15 — 16. A. Vieusseux, Esq.
17. Dr. John Bowring.

Vol. VII. No. 13. Art. 1. H. Southern, Esq.

2. G. C. Lewis, Esq.

3. Dr. J. Conolly, Prof, of Med. in

London University.

4. Wm. Daunej', Esq., Advocate.

5. H. J. Hogg, Esq.

6. J. R. M«Culloch, Esq.

7. Mrs. Busk.

8. G. Moir, Esq.

9. G. C. Lewis, Esq.

10. Henry Tufnell, Esq., co -trans-

lator of MuUer's " Dorians."

11. G. Moir, Esq.

12. John Ward, Esq.

13. G. C. Lewis, Esq.
14—15. Mrs. Busk.

16. Edw. Holmes, Esq.

17. Dr. John Bowring.

18. (?)

Xo. 14. Art. 1. T. Galloway, Esq.

2. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

3. G. Moir, Esq.

4. J. R. M<=Culloch, Esq.

5. J. Stevenson, Esq., Berwick,

(now Rev. J. S.)

126 NOTES AND QUERIES. [2««> ?. viii. Aug. 13. '5&.

Vol. VII. No. 18. Art. 6. Geo. Taylor, Esq., Walton-le-

Vol.

IX. No. 18. Art. 8. H. Southern, Esq.

Weir.

9. T. Keightley, Esq.

7. Edw. Tufnell, Esq.

10. G. Moir, Esq.

8. W. H. Leeds, Esq.

11. J. R. M<=Culloch, Esq.

9. Dr. David Irving, Librarian to

12. H. Southern, Esq.

Faculty of Advs., Ediuburgli.

13—14. J. Ward, Esq.

10. W. Daunev, Esq.

15. Rev. T. J. Hussev.

11. S. D. Whitehead, Esq.

16. Mrs. Busk.

12. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

17. C?)

13— U. Mrs. Busk.

18. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

15. H. Belinaye, Esq., surgeon,

19. G. Moir, Esq.

Berners Street.

Vol.

X. No. 19. Art. 1. T. Carlyle, Esq.

16. Mrs. Busk,

2. T. Galloway, Esq.

17. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

3. Right Hon. T. P. Courtenav.

Vol. YIII. No. 15. Art. 1. G. Moir, Esq.

4. Dr. W. Cooke Tavlor.

2. Right H[on. Thos. Peregrine

5. T. H. Lister, Esq.'

Courtenay, M.P., Ex-Secre-

G. G. Cornewall Lewis, Esq.

tary of Board of Control, &c.

7. G. Moir, Esq.

3. Dr. Bowring.

8. W. D. Coolev, Esq.

4. Thos. Keightlev, Esq.

9. Mrs. Busk. '

5. W. H. Leeds, Esq.

10. (?)

6. G. Cornewall Lewis, Esq.

11. G. Moir, Esq.

7. Dr. James Brown.

12—13. Mrs. Busk,

8. Edw. Tufnell, Esq.

14. John Ward, Esq.

9'. H. Southern, Esq.

15. H. Belinave, Esq.

10. Dr. 'Ihos. Banfield of Got-

No. 20. Art. 1. T. H. Lister, Esq.

tingen, translator of "W.

2. (?)

Tell."

3. J. M. Kemble, Esq.

Notice to Correspondents, G. C.

4 — 5. H. Southern, Esq.

LeAvis, Esq.

G. Mrs. Busk.

11. G. Moir, Esq.

7. J. Scott Russell, Esq.

12—14. Mrs. Busk.

8. Arthur Hallam, Esq. (son of

No. 1&. Art. 1. G. Moir, Esq.

H. Hallam, Esq.)

2. T. Galloway, Esq.

9. II. Southern, Esq.

3. R. A. Roebuck, Esq., Gray's

10. W. D. Coolev, Esq.

Inn.

11. G. Moir, Esq.

4. T. Carlyle, Esq.

12. Rev. T. H. Home.

5. Right Hon. T. P. Courtenav.

13—14. Mrs. Busk.

G. John Ward, Esq.

Vol.

XL No. 21, Art, 1. — Mark, Esq.

7. Edw. Holmes, Esq.

2. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

8. Dr. James Copland, editor of

3. Mrs. W. Busk.

" ]Med. Repository," &c.

4. Chas. Buller, Esq., Jun. M.P.

9—10. Rev. T. H. Home.

6. Dr. Henry Wheaton, American

11. Mrs. Busk. '

Minister at Copenhagen.

12. John Ward, Esq.

6. Rt. Hon. T. P. Courtenay.

13. Mrs. Busk.

7. A Vieusseux, Esq.

14. John Ward, Esq.

8. G. Moir, Esq.

15. Rev. T. J. Hussey.

9—10. H. Southern, Esq.

Vol. IX. No. 17. Art. 1. H. Southern, Esq.

11. A Vieusseux, Esq.

2. Dr. J. Bowring.

12. Jlrs. W. Busk.

3. G. Moir, Esq.

13. J. M. Kemble, Esq.

4. T. Grimes, Esq., Colchester (a

14. John Ward. Esq.

Quaker).

15—16. Mrs. W. Busk.

5. Mrs. Busk.

No. 22. Art. 1. T. Carl vie, Esq.

6. Dr. James Browne.

2. Dr. W.' Cooke Tavlor.

7. T. Galloway, Esq.

3. Prof. Henslow.

8. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

4. W. H. Leeds, Esq.

9. John Ward, Esq.

5. J. R. M<;Culloch, Esq,

10. W. H. Leeds, Esq.

6. T. Keightley, Esq.

11. C. C. de Pollon, Copenhagen,

7. John Ward, Esq.

editor of the " Danske Bie."

8. Dr. W.C. Tavlor.

12. G. Moir, Esq.

9. Mrs. W. Busk.

13. Mrs. Busk.

■ 10. G. Moir, Esq.

14. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

11. T. Galloway, Esq.

15. G. Moir, Esq.

12—13. Mrs. W. Busk.

No. 18.- Art. 1. Right Hon. T. P. Courtenay.

14. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

2. Chas. Buller, Jun., Esq.

15. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

3. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

Vol.

XII. No. 23. Art. 1. T. Galloway. Esq.

4. G. Moir, Esq.

2. (?)

5. Dr. D. Irving.

3. II. Southern, Esq.

G. W. H. Leeds, Esq. *

4. Abram Hayward, Esq.

7. Mrs. Busk.

5. Dr. John Conolly.

2"^ S. VIII. Aug. 13. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

127

Vol. XII. Xo. 23. Art. C. T. Keightley, Esq.

7. H. Belleiiden Ker, Esq.

8. W. J. Thorns, ]i:sq.

9. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

10. Thos. J. Lister, Esq.

11. G. Moir, Esq.
12—13. M*s. W. Busk.

14. (?)

15. A. Vieiisseux, Esq.
Xo, 24. Art. 1. Mrs. Austin.

2. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

3. P. H. Lister, Esq.

4. J. Culliuiore, Esq.

5. Mrs. W. Busk,
C. G. Moir, Esq.

7. Dr. Percy B. Lord.

(A most amiable and pro-
mising young Irishman ; after-
wards killed in India in an
affray with the natives.)

8. (?).

9. C. Buller, jun., Esq.

10. Mrs. W. Busk.

11. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

12. Mrs. W. Busk.

13. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

Vol. XIII. Xo. 25. Art. 1. Kt. Hon. T. P. Courtenaj'.

2. Archd. Alison, Esq. (now Sir

A. A., Bt., the Historian).

3. Dr. David Irving.

4. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

5. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

6. George Taylor, Esq , (father of

Henry T., Esq., author of
" Philip von Artevelde,"
&c.)

7. Mrs. W. Busk.

8. Edw. Villiers, Esq.

Xo. 2G. Art, 1. Edmund W. Head, Esq. (now
Sir E. \V. H., Bart.)

2. Prof. J. P. Nichol, Glasgow.

3. S. D. Whitehead, Esq.

4. Mrs. W. Busk.

5. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

6. (?) .

7. Mrs. Austin.

8. (?)

9. Humphry Devereux, Esq. (son

of Lord Hereford).

10. (?)

11. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

12. W. J. Thoms,"Esq.

13. Mrs. W. Busk.

14. A. Vieusseux, Esq., and J. G.

Cochrane, Esq.
Vol. XIV. No. 27. Art. 1. T. H. Lister, Esq.

2. Herman Merivale, Esq., Prof.

of Polit. Econ. Oxford.

3. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

4. W. H. Leeds, Esq.

5. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

6. A. Hayv.-ard, Esq.

7. W. J. Thorns, Esq.

8. G. Austin, Esq.

9. T. Keightley, Esq.
10. J. G. Cochrane, Esq.

Xo. 28. Art. 1. Herman Merivale, Esq.

2. Mrs. Busk.

3. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

4. Dr. J. Conollv.

5. Dr. VV. C. Taj-lor.

6. John Crawfurd, Esq.

Vol. XIV. Xo, 28. Art. 7. Mrs. Busk.

8. Dr. Friedlander, of Dorpat.

9. Mrs. W. Busk.

10. A. Vieusseux, Esq.

11. — Pote, Esq.

12. VV, J. Thorns, Esq.

13. Dr. W. C. Taylor.

It was originally intended that Mr, R, P. Gil-
lies should be the editor of the F. Q, R. ; but
other occupations having prevented that gentle-
man from devoting adequate time and attention
to the arduous duties connected vrith a new pe-
riodical from which so much was expected, Mr.
Cochrane (who combined, in no ordinary degree,
the necessary tact and talent), stepped forward,
and saved the infant periodical from threatened
delay and difficulty, Mr, Cochrane, afterwards
Librarian to the London Library, was at that
time the active manager of Messrs. Treuttel &
WUrtz's foreign bookselling house, who had un-
dertaken to publish the Review ; and the writer
of this was associated with him for many years
in the same firm. John Macbay.

Oxford.

Minax '^atei,

Slrange Derivation. — The following strange
derivation presents an amusing specimen of eccle-
siastical assumption in days of old : —

" The Schoolmen (a modest race, all Clergymen.)
thought it was doing the laj'men too much honour to de-
rive their name from Aaos, populus. It suited their no-
tions better to deduce it from Aaa«, lapis, a stone. Take,
for instance, a few things advanced on this subject by
some celebrated doctors, as quoted by Altensfaig in his
Lexicon Theologkiim : ' Capitur Clericus pro viro docto,
scientifico, perito, scientia pleno, repleto et experto.
E contra, Laicus capitur pro viro indocto, imperito, in-
sipiente et lapideo. Unde laicus dicitur a Aaas Graece,
quod est lapis Latin^.' " — Campbell's Ecclesiastical Hist,
Lecture ix.

Fbancis Tkench.

Islip.

Svpporting the Clergy. — In 1662, the inhabit-
ants of Eastham, Barnstable County, Massa-
cliussetts, resolved in town meeting that a part
of every whale cast on shore should be appro-
priated for the support of the ministry. Uneda.
Philadelphia.

Meaning of Toy. — The word toy, I suppose, is
now restricted to one meaning, viz. a plaything, I
know not when its other meanings fell into disuse.
I see it defined as " humour, an odd fancy." In
this sense it was used by Latimer. In a sermon
before King Edward in 1550 he says, introducing
the well-known reason for the existence of Good-
win Sands, viz. the erection of Tenterden Steeple,
says, "And here, by the way, I will tell you a
merry toy.''' Now this use of the word continued,
at least till 1618, as it occurs in The Spanish

128

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. YIII. Aug. 13. '50.

Mandevile of Myrades. Introducing a wonderful
story, the ■writer says, " •where taking a toy in his
head."

I know not whether these Notes may be of any
use to the Philological Society. S. S. S.

Basingstoke Reckonings. — Is this worth the
noting?

" Mr. Seargeant Harris said, * These merchants' books
are like Aaron's rod, ever budding, and like Basingstoak
Keckonings : over night. Five Shillings Sixpence ; if you
pay it not it is grown in the morning to a just Noble.' "
— Megalopsyey, 1682.

G. H. K.

Sir Joshua Reynolds s House in Leicester Square.
— In the new edition of the Town, ^-c, by Leigh
Hunt, dated October, 1858, occurs the following
at p. 353. : —

" Sir Joshua's house in Leicester Square was on the
eastern side, four doors from Sydney's Alley."

And at the foot of the page is the following
note: —

" * The house was, probably, on the site now occupied
by the south-east corner of New Coventry Street."

Both text and note are strangely inaccurate;
for it is well known that Sir Joshua Reynolds
lived at No. 47., on the west side of the square,
from 1761 till his death in 1792. The house re-
mains, and has lately been entered upon by Messrs.
Puttick & Simpson, the well-known book-auc-
tioneers. How vexatiously such mistatements as
the above unsettle localities, and disturb pleasant
associations ! Leigh Hunt's Town is a charming
book of gossip, but lacking accurate identification
of localities, &c. ; and, unfortunately, this new
edition has been annotated by a less scrupulous
hand than that of the author himself. T. (1.)

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL aUERIES.

Some time ago I dug out of the neglected dust
of a provincial bookshop a copy of the Vulgate
edition of the Scriptures. I am desirous to know
what is the comparative rarity of it. I append a
note of its salient features, which will enable some
of your learned contributors to enlighten my ig-
norance. Living in a country district, I have no
access to likely sources of information, nor to the
Bibl. Sussex., or Lea Wilson's Catalogiie, and
therefore fly to " N. & Q.," the ready friend of
the ignorant.

The volume commences with part of the 5th
section to the " Prologus in Bibliam" (sigs. A 1.
A 2. being absent), which appears to be an Epistle
of Jerome to (Bishop) Paulinus. Each Book of
the Old Testament, except Judges, Ruth, Nehe-
miah, and 2 and 3 Esdras, has one or in some in-
stances two Prologues of St. Jerome preceding it.

The New Testament commences with an Epistle
of Jerome to Damasus. Each of the Gospels is
preceded by a Reglstrum showing the contents of
each chapter. The whole of the Epistles of St.
Paul follow the Gospels ; then Acts, the Canonical
Epistles, and the Apocalypse. At the end of the
New Testament is a metrical Ordo of the Books
in both Testaments. And following it are some,
verses in praise of the work : appended is the date
1482. Bound up with it is a list of passages
marked as suitable to particular Occasions, and
scripture proofs. The volume concludes with In-
terpretations of the Hebrew Names complete to
" Thaassar." The volume is of large 4to. size,
printed in double columns of forty-seven lines in
excellent preservation. The initial letters are all
rubricated, and first letter in Gen. i. ornamented
with colour.

The same question as to the work of Martinus
de Temperantia, imprinted at Paris by Wolfgang
Hoppyl, 1490 ?

Where can I find a list of the works of Bona-
venture ? I have his Itinerarius Mentis in Deum ;
Tractatus Lignum Vitm; and the Centiloquium.
Judging from the signatures, these are parts of a
larger work, of late years separately put into paper
covers. The initials are rubricated, and the minor
ones patched with yellow. The volumes are well
printed in black-letter, very contracted Latin.
One of the portions is stated to have been finished
by Bonaventure in the year 1484, on the vigil of
St. Peter and St. Paul. J. C. G. L.

" THEN PUSH ABOUT THE FLOWING BOWL.

I send you the following song, requesting the
favour of any particulars concerning it that may
be known. When I first came in possession of
the words, I was told it was one of Tom Moore's
" unpublished" Melodies. If such is really the
case, its publication in your pages will be valuable.

Its peculiar wildness of words and music, which
by the way is entirely in a minor key, has given
it to. me a double interest. And I should feel
indebted to any of your correspondents who would
give me any information about the song, its au-
thor or composer.

" Then push about the flowing bowl,
And broach the foaming ale.
And let the merry merry maidens sing,
The beldame tell her tale.

" And let the sightless harper sit
The blazing faggot by :
And let the jester vent his wit,
His tricks the urchin try.

Then push about, &c.

" Who knocks so loud with angry din.
And would admitted be?
No gossip lingers here within,
We'll find no place for thee.

Then push about, &c.

2'"i S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

129

" Go send it o'er Killarney's Lake,
And strip the willow bare :
The water elves their sports then take,
you'll find a comrade there.

Then push about, &c

" The Will o'the Wisp glides o'er the dell,
The owl hoots in the tree ;
They hold their nightly vigils there,
And so the while will we.

Then push about," &c.

^Yhat is meant by stripping the willow bare ?
A Constant Reader.

Geelong, 12th May, 1859.

Minov €ixxtvitS.

'■'■Molly Mog." — Your correspondent M.M. {ante
p. 84.) has touched on a subject which I should
like to see discussed in " N. & Q." — who was the
writer of " Molly Mog," and when, and where was it
first published ? In the announcement of Molly's
death, as quoted, 1766, it is said to have been writ-
ten by Gay, and I believe it; it overflows with
his genial, cordial, good-nature ; but it was not, I
think, published among his works in his lifetime.
Neither was it published in Faulkner's edition of
Swift's Works, 1735, which the Dean, it is be-
lieved, superintended ; nor, so far as I know, in
any authorised edition of Pope's Works published
before 1744. It appeared, indeed, in Pope and
Swift's Miscellanies, 1727, but this proves nothing
as to authorship ; for that collection contained,
not only works written by Swift and Pope, but
works written by them " in conjunction " with
Gay and Ai'buthnot, and " all of this sort com-
posed singly by either of those hands." " Molly
Mog " had, however, been published before. It
appeared, with a " Burlesque " on it, in the Weekly
Journal of 1st Oct. 1726. The newspaper writer
speaks of it as " the famous Crambo ballad of
' Molly Mog,' which, as Mr. Mist observes, has set
all the polite company in town to the game of
crambo." It is obvious from this notice that
" polite company," at least, were already familiar
with " Molly Mog : " subsequently several paro-
dies appeared. Can any of your readers refer to
an earlier publication ? and is there any contem-
porary mention of the author ? M, M. (2.)

Putroclus. —
" With grimy tears and dust from Sellian urns,
Unwashed Patroclus stale Dodona mourns.
Who daily sought Ilyssus's flowery brim,
Worshipped the crystal stream, but never plunged
therein."

From The Fleet, a poem, London, 1720, pp. 24.

What is the meaning of this censure on Patro-
clus, who, according to Homer, was rather a clean
person ? P. B.

Archery Club Motto, — Some of your ingenious
and learned correspondents gave, some time ago.

mottoes suitable for a library, a common-place
book, &c. May I request any of them to suggest,
through your columns, a motto for an archery
club ? The motto of the Irvine Toxopholite So-
ciety is, "Ob posteros jaculamur;" that of the
Saltcoats Archery Society is, " Arte et valida
manu;" and Mr. Hargrove, in his interesting
Anecdotes of Archery, gives several others.

KOBYN HODE.

Kilgripagain.

W. Dimond, author of " Petrarchal Sonnets,"
dramas, &c. What is the date of this author's
death ? Z. A.

Tower-crowned Arch. — May I ask, tbrough the
medium of your valuable periodical, whether there
is any other example known throughout England
of the " tower-crowned arch," so gloriously dis-
played in the steeple of the magnificent church of
St. Nicholas in this town (Newcastle-upon-Tyne).
I am aware of the existence of the same feature
in St. Dunstan's church, London ; but I cannot
think Sir Christopher Wren had ours in view
when he designed St. Dunstan's steeple — as it is
so much inferior in many particulars, especially in
the lantern at the crown of the arches, which is
here of large dimensions, and possesses an airy
lightness altogether wanting in its London rival.
Was Sir Christopher Wren ever known to be in
this town ? Edward Thompson.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Orthographical Peculiarity. — Did the late C. J.
Hare, in any of his publications, give his reasons
for deviating from the usual mode of spelling
words, e. g. " preacht," " usurpt," &c. ?

Did Horsley, also, ever say why he adopted the
antique form of the preterites of " to lead, to
read," &c., viz. "ledde," " redde" ? S. S. S.

Donnyhrook, near Dublin. — What is the origin
and meaning of the name of this far-famed vil-
lage ? And where may I find the earliest mention
of it ? In Registrum Priorutus Omnium Sancto-
rum juxta Dublin, edited by Dean Butler for the
Irish Archseological Society, mention is more than
once made of Donnybrook. Of the documents
in the Registry — No. i. "Confirmacio Gregorii
[IX.] spiritualium et temporalium cum certis pri-
vilegiis et aliis immunitatibus," a.d. 1234, speaks
of " quadraginta acras sitas in territorio de Done-
nachbroc [recte Dovenachbroc] versus aquilo-
nem"; No. lxxv. " De Donabroke," ante 1234;
No. Lxxvi. " De triginta novem acris apud Dona-
brok," ante 1234 ; No. lxxvii. "De eadem terra,"
A.D. 1298 ; and No. Lxxviii. "De aqua de Dodyr
[Dodder] ducenda," etc., a.d. 1307. No. 1. in
the Appendix, from the archives of the city of
Dublin, is " De tenemento de Donenachbrok."

How very absurd is the derivation given by
Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall, in their Ireland, its

130

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. Vlir. Aug. 13. '69.

Scenery, Character, ^c , vol. ii. p. 338. : " ' Donny-
brook,' the little brook, is so called from a moun-
tain stream, ' the Dodder,' which runs through the
suburb." Abhba.

Grotesques in Churches. — Where may one find
an explanation of grotesque figures often seen in
old churches, both in carved stone and painted
glass, viz. the head of a man, with lolling tongue.
Why called the grin of Arius ? And why repre-
sented in a sacred edifice ? Querist.

" The Young Travellers ; or, a Visit to Oxford."
— In the Preface to this book (published in 1818),
it is stated that the notes (Appendix 1. to 29.)
" refer to a little work, which it is in contempla-
tion shortly to publish ... It will contain correct
likenesses of the curious characters here referred
to, with some biographical or other accounts of
them. The plates given in this little volume may
be considered as specimens of those which will
accompany the other." Now, the only plates in
my copy of the work are a view of Oxford, and a
portrait of "Mother Goose." Were any other
plates published ? And, did the projected volume
make its appearance ? Cuthbekt Bede.

Heraldic Quei-y. — I am very anxious to know
to what family the following crest belonged, if
crest it be ? It is on a defaced impression of a
very rudely cut seal, appended to a Cheshire will,
of the date 1667. My description is, I fear, un-
heraldic ; but I forward a sketch, which maybe
more intelligible : " On a crescent a griffin's (?)
head erased, all between two stars." *

Another will of the same county (dated 1760)
is sealed with a " griffin segreant in a lozenge."
To what family does this armorial bearing be-
long ? J.

James Aikman. — Wanted information regard-
ing James Aik ran, author of a volume of Poems,
Edinburgh, 1816. Is he the author of a History
of Scotland, published in 1824 ? Z. A.

Sir Wm. Petty s Letters. — In the sale cata-
logue of Mr. Austin Cooper's library (Dublin,
1831), of which I have a copy, with the prices
and purchasers' names, there are eighteen lots of
" Copies of Letters " written by, or by order and
on account of, Sir William Petty, 1666 — 1700.
" These Letters are necessary to the proper un-
derstanding of the Survey made by Sir Wm.
Petty," and were purchased by Mr. Cockran, of
London, for \50l. Having a particular object in
view, may I ask some one of your correspondents
to tell me where the Letters are to be found at
present? They are not mentioned, I think, in

[* From the sketch we should describe it as " an eagle's
head erased between two mullets, issuing from the horns
of a crescent." Will not the names appended to the
wills help to identify the families? — Ed.]

Larcom's edition of Petty's History of the Down
Survey, printed in 1851 for the members of the
Irish Archaeological Society. Abhba.

Dorchester House, Westminster. — Where was
this house situated, and what is its history ? W. C.

Origin of the Judges Black Cap. — Is it known
when it became customary for a judge to put on a
black cap whilst passing sentence of death, and
why that custom arose ? W. O. W.

Tmw and Poison. — In the Theatrical Observer,
May 8, 1819, in a notice of a new farce by Mor-
ton, A Roland for an Oliver, is the following : —

" Fixture, finding his wife in Sir Mark's arms, repeats
his point with little variation, and rushes out, exclaiming
'I'll have law and poison — an attorney, an apothe-
cary!' The thought is on records of more than two
thousand j'ears old, and must have been repeated more
than two thousand times, yet Emery's acting carried it
through with applause."

A reference to any old use of the joke will ob-
lige. A. A. R.

The Family of Bentivoglio. — There seems to
be a connexion between this family and the House
of Swabia, more romantic perhaps than can be
found elsewhere in any history — more romantic,
possibly, than is consistent with truth.

Shortly before the downfal of that House of
Swabia, when its enemies were searching for Hein-
sius, the fugitive son of Frederick II., a lock of
his golden hair unfortunately escaping from under
his disguise rendered his discovery inevitable.
" No one," they said, on seeing it, " no one in
the world but King Heinsius has such beautiful
fair hair." With his fate when captured we have
here little to do ; but we read that before his
death a young girl visited him in prison to com-
fort him, and that they had a son, who was called
Bentivoglio (I wish thee well). Tradition asserts
that he was the founder of the illustrious family of
that name.

I should like more information on this subject
than is to be met with in Michelet and other his-
torians. W. O. W.

"7i is not heautie 1 demanded — Who is the
author of the poem commencing with this line?
It has been assigned to Carew. F. R. D.

Qttalitied : Fau^ens. —

" Besides all this, he was well gualitied,
And past all Argives, for his spear."

Chapman's Iliad, xiv. 104.

Is not this word qualitied peculiar to Chapman ?

" Thus pluck'd he from the shore his lance, and left the

waves to wash
The wave-sprung entrails, about which fuusens and

other fish
Did shoal." Chapman's Iliad, xxi. 189.

Can any of your correspondents throw any

2"J S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

131

light on the derivation of this word, or give any
other authority for it than this passage ? I have
of course seen the note in the edition of Chap-
man's Iliad published by Russell Smith. Libya.
Salford.

Mutiny at the Nore. — Can any of your corre-
spondents kindly refer me to any work which will
give me the names of the killed and wounded in
the mutiny at the Nore in 1797. James Delano.

Ephemeral Literature. — Can any reader of "N.
& Q." oblige the subscribed by telling him the
author of " Universal Languages and Empires,"
&c. (No. 737.), " Education " (No. 739.), " Scien-
tific Heirlooms and the Price of them" (No. 757.)
in Family Herald for 1857; but more especially
any other articles or works by the same hand ?

J. J.

A Lost Cornelian. — In the dark ages, long be-
fore " N. & Q." was born or thought of, I found at
Weymouth a cornelian, v/ith a well-engraved
crest, viz. a stork bearing in her beak a cross
flory (?), with the motto, " Semper paratus." Can
you help me to its owner ? C. W. B.

Tennyson^s " Enid." — Can you or any of your
readers tell me where to find the original story of
"Enid," the first of Mr. Tennyson's four Idylls?
I find no traces of it in Sir Thomas Malory's edi-
tion of King Arthur. Cantab.

Francis Moult, Esq. — Any information respect-
ing this gentleman, an eminent chemist in London,
who died May 17, 1733, will oblige J. Y.

Character of Mr. Hastings. — Dr. Rimbault
mentions in " N. & Q." (2"^ S. vii. 323.) that this
piece is printed in Peck's Desiderata Cw-iosa.
This has been stated before him by Horace Wal-
pole, Mr. Martyn in his Life of Shaftesbury, and
others. I have searched carefully through both
editions of Peck's book, and cannot find it. Can
Dr. Rimbatjlt or any one else refer me to the
page of Peck's volume, specifying the edition ?

" The English Spy." — I should be glad to know
if this work is complete in twelve numbers, as,
at the end of p. 147. is printed "Conclusion of
Volume One;" and "the next volume" is re-
ferred to in the preface. Was a second volume
ever published, and who was the author ? Is
" Bernard Blackmantle," a pseudonym for Mr. P.
Egan ? CuTHBEBT Bede.

[This work makes two volumes: the second volume
was published ia 1826, pp. 400. It was written by Charles
Molloy VVestmacott, and continued by the same editor
under the title of The St. Jameses Royal Magazine. ]

Sheridan's Speech on Warren Hastings Trial. —
Allow me to call attention to a singular inaccu-
racy in the 8th edition of the Encyclopcedia Bri-
tannica now in the course of publication. It occurs*
in vol. xi. p. 239., where, alluding to the trial of
Warren Hastings, it is said —

" The prosecution was opened by Burke in a speech of
extraordinary eloquence and power, which extended over
three days. He was succeeded by Fox, who in his turn
gave place to Sheridan. The speech of that brilliant wit
was said by the ablest among those who heard it to have
been the best that was ever delivered in the English
House op Commons. It certainly was one of the most
telling, for it caused so much excitement that no other
speaker could obtain a hearing, and the debate was ad-
journed."

Now all the world knows that this celebrated
speech of Sheridan's was made by him, not in the
House of Com7nons but in the House of Lords,
when, as one of the managers appointed by the
House of Commons to conduct the impeachment,
he opened one of the articles of charge ; and the
notion of there being any debate or a competition
to obtain a hearing in the case is absurdly out of
the question. It is to be regretted that, in a work
of authority, such inaccuracies should appear.

G. J.

Edinburgh.

l_The writer in the eighth edition of the Enajdopadia
Britannica has confounded the two celebrated speeches
delivered by Sheridan on the same subject, namely, the
spoliation of the Begums of Oude : the first in the House
of Commons on Feb. 7, 1787, when it was proposed to
impeach the great Indian minister; and the second
in Westminster Hall, on the 3rd and three following
daj'S of June, 1788, when Hastings was arraigned before
the Lords. Upon the conclusion of the first speech in •
the Commons, which occupied five and a half hours in
the delivery, fcfir William Dolben immediately moved an
adjournment of the debate, confessing that, in the state
of mind in which Mr. Sheridan's speech had left him, it
was impossible for him to give a determinate opinion.
Mr. Stanhope seconded the motion, and Pitt concurring,
"the debate was adjourned a little after one o'clock."
(^Annual Register, ViWI, p. 150.)

In the absence of verbatim reports of the two celebrated
oratorical efforts in question, it is now impossible to state
which was the better or more famous of the two. Burke
declared the first to be " the most astounding effort of
eloquence, argument, and wit, united, of which there was
any record or tradition." Fox said of the same speech,
" AH that he had ever heard, all that he had ever read,
when compared with it, dwindled into nothing, and.
vanished like vapour before the sun." And Pitt acknow-
ledged " that it surpassed all the eloquence of ancient
and modern times, and possessed everything that genius
or art could furnish, to agitate and control the human
mind." (_Vide Moore's Life of Sheridan, 4to. 1825, p.
324.)

The second speech, which was delivered in Westmin-
ster Hall, was, in the judgment of Fox and others, much
inferior to the first on the same subject. Burke, however,
appears to have been of a contrary opinion, declaring of
this second master-piece of eloquence, that " the various
species of eloquence that had been heard, either in an-
cient or modern times, whatever the acuteness of the bar,
the dignity of the senate, or the morality of the pulpit,

132

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Ave. 13. '59.

could furnish, had not been equal to what that House
had that da}' heard in Westminster Hall." Mill, the
historian of India, who was an auditor, both in the Com-
mons and in the Hall, was also decidedly of opinion that
Sheridan's second effort was grander than the first.
" When doctors disagree," &c.]

John Lord Cutis. — To what circumstance in
his history was this brave soldier indebted for the
name of "Salamander?" He was one of the
Lords Justices of Ireland, and Commander of the
Forces in that kingdom, in the year 1705, and
died, I believe, not long after his appointment.
Where is the best account of bis career ?

Abhba.
[At the siege of Namur, in 1695, Lord Cutts com-
manded a bodj' of English employed as a storming party,
and displayed such cool intrepidity amidst a most tre-
mendous fire of artillery and musketry, that he was com-
plimented with the name of the Salamander, as if the
scene of flame and terror had been his proper element.
Swift, no admirer of military merit, and unfriendly to
Lord Cutts in particular, employed his wit in deducing
from his vices and follies the name bestowed on him for
his intrepid braverjs and published in 1705 a satirical
piece, entitled The Descnption of a Salamander:—^
"Would you describe Turenne or Trump?

Think of a bucket or a pump.

Are these too low ? then find out grander,

Call my Lord Cutts a Salamander."

These very bitter, or rather scurrilous verses (says
Sir Walter Scott), were highly resented by Lord Cutts
and his relations. For a brief account of Lord Cutts, see
Gentleman's Magazine, xlix. 150., and Nichols's Poems, ii.
327.]

Gauntlope. — In a MS. diary of the Civil Wars
I read of soldiers being punished by being made
to run the gauntlope (so spelt). I should be
obliged by information as to the history of this
punishment in England, and as to this spelling
of the word. W. C.

[Phillips in his World of Words, informs us that
Gantlop, or Gantlope, as " To run the Gantlope," is a
punishment among soldiers : the offender having to run
with his back naked through the whole regiment, and to
receive a lash with a switch from every soldier. It is de-
rived (he adds) from Gant, a town of Flanders, where
this punishment was invented, and the Dutch word lope,
i.e. running.]

Canhury. — It is stated in Martyn's Life, of
Shaftesbury, vol. i. p. 43., that Shaftesbury, after
his marriage with the Lord Keeper Coventry's
daughter, lived at Durham House and Canbury.
What or where is Canbury ? W. C.

[Canbury is a corruption of Canonbury, in the centre
of "merrie Islington." From 1627 to 1635 Canonbury-
house was rented by the Lord Keeper Coventry. In the
Strafford papers is a letter from the Earl of Derby, dated
Jan. 29, 1635, from Canbury Park, where he was staid
from St. James's by the greatest snow he ever saw in
England. All that remains of this once-famed mansion
is a venerable tower, 17 feet square and 58 feet high,
where poor Goldsmith often lay concealed from his ere -
ditors. He is said to have moved here to be near New-
bery the bookseller, who lodged at this time in Canon-

bury tower. The old hostess, Mrs. Tapps, used to affirm
that Goldsmith here wrote his Deserted Village ; but Sir
John Hawkins says it was the Vicar of Wakefield, which
"a pressing necessity " compelled him to write at Isling-
ton. Even now this venerable relic of olden time is well
worthy of a visit, for the sake of the extensive panoramic
view from the roof.]

CROMWELL IN SCOTLAND.

(•2'^i S. viil. 70.)

The game of " Willie Wastle," as practised long
ago by Scotch boys, was in the following manner
— and I have often been a party in these con-
flicts. One stood upon a high stone with a long
handkerchief in his hand, firmly knotted at the
end, and proclaimed in a defiant strain to his
companions : —

" I, Willie Wastle,

I'm in my castle,

A' the dogs in the town

Winna ding me down.*'

It was then their business to bring him down from
his position after he had dealt out many severe
blows, which being accomplished, another took
his station ; and so on did the game proceed, with
much fun and jollity.

The story is thus mentioned in The Perfect
Politician, 1680 : —

" After the fatal battle of Dunbar, Oliver Cromwell
sent Col. Fenwick with two regiments to reduce Hume
Castle. A singular man, called Thomas Cockburn, com-
manded the castle, and he was ordered to surrender.
Cockburn returned a scoffing answer, with the following
lines: —

' « ' I, William of the Wastle,
Am now in my castle ;
And a' the dogs in the town
Winna gar me gang down.'

" Fenwick immediately raised a battery, and returned
the Governor hard bullets for his resolute rhj'mes, whereby
Cockburn was very soon obliged to capitulate and march
out with his men."

We find it also rather curiously noticed for a
religious purpose in Scotch Preshytei-ian Eloquence
Displayed, edit. London, 1786, p. 110. : —

" Mr. William Veitch, preaching at Linton, in Teviot-
dale, said : ' Our Bishops thought they were very secure
this long time, like

" Willie, Willie Wastle, ■
I am in my castle ;
A' the dogs in the town
Dare not ding me down."

Yea, but there is a doggie in Heaven that has dung them
all down.' "

The time of this noted Presbyterian preacher
was, born 1640, died 1720; respecting whom his
biographer remarks (Scots Worthies, edit. 1796,
p. 551.) : —

" Xor is it any disparagement to him that that black-

2°J S.VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

133

mouthed calumniator, in his Presbyterian Eloquence Dis-
played, has published to tlie world, 'That he murdered
the bodies as well as souls of two or three persons with
one sermon, because,' says he, preaching in the town of
Jedburgh, he said, ' There are tioo thousand of you here,
hut I am sure eighty of you will not he saved,' upon which
three of his ignorant hearers despatched themselves soon
Bfiter."

I think therefore, in reply to the Query of J.
G. Morten, that the legend may be considered as
of very old date, and in its origin refers to some
event the history of which is now lost — that it
was widely popularly known in the country, and,
as in the foregoing instances, adapted by the par-
ties using it from their juvenile reminiscences, as
applicable to the circumstances in which they
happened to be placed. G. N.

LE CONTRAT MOHATRA.

(2"* S. viii. 69.)

The contrat mohatra, which consisted, as shown
by your correspondent, in selling goods dear on
credit, and buying them back cheap for ready
money, was an evasion of the laws against usury.
" Permutationem fingebant, ut hoc nomine usurse
darentur."

Covarrubias tells us in his Tesoro, 1611, that
" El Brocense " thinks mohatra is properly moJia-
fra, from mofa, a jest or mockery. This is not
very satisfoctory ; but the difficulty which the
learned find in determining the true origin of
mohatra seems owing to their not having duly
perpended an etjmology suggested, though per-
haps without sufficient explanation, by Covarru-
bias himself. Covarrubias simply proposes to
derive mohatra from the Heb. "inn, hathar, to dig,
adding that the m of mohatra is formative. This
does not seem to promise much. But when we
consider that the Heb. verb means not only to
dig in the ordinary sense of the word, but to dig
or break through as a rohher, and that in this
meaning it corresponds to the Swpva-a-w of the N.
T. (Matth. vi. 19., "where thieves break through
and steal "), we may perhaps feel less difficulty in
viewing hathar as a very likely origin of a word
which designates an usurious transaction, that in
fact is little better than a rohhei'y. It is also to
be observed that the " formative m " appears, not
only in mohatra, but in the rabbinical mahtarta,
which is indubitably derived from hathar.

On the word barala and its congeners, barato,
baratum, baratto, barrator, barrateria, barratar (to
barter), baratillo, baratador, &c., one might write
a volume. But your correspondent's inquiry re-
lates to barata as a synonym of mohatra. (" Mo-
hatra .... Idem barata interdum dicitur." Du
Cange.)

Some would derive the Spanish and Portuguese
adj. barato, which signifies cheap, from the Latin

paratus ; but this does not accord with the old
forms which we find in Romance, &c., such as
baran, baraz. The oldest instances of the word
barata itself, as a substantive, which I find with a
fixed date, a.d. 1270, 1226, are in the sense of a
debt (Raynouard). This, out of many, appears to
be the meaning of barata which best accords with
mohatra; as the same party who sold back the
goods for a small price dow?i became, by the very
nature of the transaction, a debtor for the larger
price at which he bought.

Is not stoco, as synonymous with barata and
mohatra, a comparatively modern term ? Perhaps
your correspondent will have the kindness to state
where it may be found. I have never met with
or heard it except among workmen, as a verna-
cular pronunciation of stucco. Stoco, probably
any worthless lot of goods; "rubbish" used in
those sham transactions of fictitious trade, which
we are now considering. Cf. in Ger. stocken, to
grow fusty, and in Ital. stucco, surfeited, crop-
sick.

The exact nature of the contrat mohatra may be
thus explained. The Duque de Blasas sends for
Seiior Ysaaco, and requests an immediate loan of
1000 crowns, for which he will be happy to pay
2000 a year after.

"That cannot be," exclaims Ysaaco ; " for, should
the Holy Office once smell out such a transaction,
I might be summoned away some night, to answer
as a suspected heretic. Therefore all the Saints
forbid it ! "

" Nevertheless," says the Duke, " I must have
the money."

" Yery good," answers the cunning Ysaaco.
" Then let us see whether we cannot make it a
matter of business, and settle the affair that way.
I have at home a lot of stoco. Buy it of me."

" I don't see how that settles the affaic any way,"
says the Duke.

" Nothing more simple," replies Ysaaco. " Your
Excellency purchases the goods on credit, for
2000 crowns, giving your bond to pay me a twelve-
month hence. I buy them back now, on the spot,
for 1000 crowns cash. — All in the regular way of
trade."

The Duke executes the bond ; Seiior Ysaaco
disburses the 1000 crowns ; and the contrat mo-
hatra is completed.

Perhaps, also, we may venture to conjecture
lohy the particular word mohatra comes to be
used in this connexion. There is another and
somewhat similar word, rnoharka, which really sig-
nifies a contract (Buxtorf, Lex. Chal. Tal. Rabb.')
Contrat mohatra, then, is a play upon a word, such
as is by no means unknown in Jewish literature.
A virtuous and learned Rabbi, hearing of such a
transaction as we have just described, indignantly
exclaims, "This is no rnoharka, but a mohatra"
(no bargain, but a burglary). Hence the expres-

134

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Aug. 13. 'o9.

sion, " contrat mohatra" i. e. a contract which is a
robbery, not a moharka, a proper and legitimate
contract. In the Old Testament, two instances of
such a paronomasia may be seen in the Hebrew
text of a single verse, Is. v. 7., " He looked for
mishpat, but, behold, mispuh! for tsdahah, but,
behold, is'aA«A/" Thomas Boys.

Milton's corkesposdence.
(2"" S. viii. 47. 90.)

With Mb. Carbuthers I also entertained some
slight misgivings as to whether the person alluded
to in Andrew Marvel's letter might not have been
Bradshaw instead of Cromwell, and feel inclined,
notwithstanding what former biographers have
asserted, to coincide with his opinion. The copy
of the letter in the Sloane MSS. is accompanied
ty another letter from M. Wall to Milton, dated
Cansham, May 26, 1659, which has been printed
among the poet's prose works by Symmons (vide
vol. ii.), and both are attested by J. Owen, who,
it appears, was the Rev. James Owen of Rochdale
in Lancashire ; and it would be curious to trace
the depositary of the originals, presuming them
to be still in existence. I have little doubt but
^t the time these copies were made- the originals
were in the possession of Elizabeth the widow,
nee MinshuU, then resident at Nantwich, or her
representatives. An extract from this latter epi-
stle is quoted both by Symmons and Birch, and
(i7i extenso) is on the subject of the peculiar views
held by Milton upon civil and religious liberty,
&c. My present inquiry is to know who was Mil-
ton's correspondent M. Wall ? and if any of the
readers of "N. & Q." can point to the present
■whereabouts of the originals of these two lettei's ?

I append a Note relating to Milton, written by
that indefatigable and gossiping writer W. Cole:

" Mr. Francis Peck, in his new memoirs of the life of
ililton, says that his first disgust against the king and
the clergy and universities was on account of a Royal
Mandate to Christ's College to chuse Mr. Edward King
Fellow of the college in preference to him, which was
further heightened by his expulsion or rustication from
the college. He afterwards became a zealous Puritan,
and joyned with the Presbyterians, but soon grew tired
of them and turned Independent, Anabaptist, and then
■Quaker, and is supposed to have died a Deist. In the
Northampton 3Iercury of May 19, 1760, is the following
■extempore distich wrote by Dr. Young, author of the
Night Thoughts, in answer to a Billet sent by Monsieur
de Voltaire, to enquire what the company thought of him
after some loose remarks which he had made upon Mil-
ton. Dr. Young and Voltaire were then both at Mr.
Doddington's seat at Eastbury : —

" Thou'rt so ingenious, wicked, and so thin.

That thou art Milton, and his death and sin."
Thus translated into Latin bj' the Rev. J. N.*, A.M. : —
" Ingenio Scelere et Macie praecellis, in uno

Jungi Miltonus Peccatura Morsque videntur."

* Query, if not Mr. Nixon ?

But whatever were Voltaire's remarks and sentiments
when he was in England in relation to Milton, he has
exercised a very severe, yet perhaps a very just, criticism
upon the Paradise Lost in his Candide, ou VOptimisme, p.
240, 241, 242. edit. 1759, 8°, if that dangerous book was
wrote by him, and not by Mr. Hall of Yorkshire, whom
I remember a Fellow Commoner of Jesus College in Cam-
bridge, and who by some, tho' I believe very falsely, was
said to be the author of it."

Cl. Hopper.

DR. Latham's theory of the indo-european

LANGUAGES.

(2"* S. viii. 110.)

The following extract from an article attri-
buted to Professor Max Miiller on " Comparative
Philology," in the Edinburgh Revieiv, Oct. 1851,
is intended as a reply to Ingir's inquiry : —

"This gentleman (Dr. Latham), to whom we owe al-
ready a history of the English language, embodying the
results of Grimm's celebrated Teutonic Grammar, has
also thought it necessary in his present work (On the
Vaneties of Mail), to avail himself of the results of Com-
parative Philologj', and to bring them to bear on the
natural history of man. But instead of following Dr.
Prichard's excellent work, Researches into the Physical
History of 3Ian, which is hy no means antiquated. Dr.
Latham has adopted a division of languages which seems
to be entirely his own. He divides all the languages of
the world into four classes, which he calls aptotic, aggluti-
nate, amalgamate, and anaptotic. He admits, however, of
onlj- three methods of grammar — the Classical, EngUsh,
and Chinese. All the languages, dead or living, are re-
ferred to one of these languages with astonishing rapidity.
There remains but one family of languages which Dr.
Latham considers hypothetical — the * Arian Indo-Ger-
mans.' Sanscrit is to him a very doubtful language, still
more its modern descendants — Hindi, Bengali, Mahratti,
&c. According to him ' the nation that is at one and the
same time Asiatic and Indo-Germanic remains to be disco-
vered.' This prejudice against Sanscrit is not peculiar to
Dr. Latham. It is, or at all events it was, shared by
manj' who found it troublesome to learn this new lan-
guage. Sanscrit was called a factitious idiom concocted by
the Brahmins after the expedition of Alexander into In-
dia ; a theory which Schlegel considers as ' happy as that
which would account for the Egyptian pyramids as natu-
ral crystallisations.' There is another point, however,
where Dr. L. seems to have a fair claim on originality.
We must quote his own words, because Are might be sus-
pected of misrepresenting his opinions. * The criticism,
or rather scepticism,' he says, ' which has been extended
by others to the ludo-Gangetic languages of Hindostan,
is extended by the present Avriter to the Persian.' He
afterwards maintains that the language 'of the arrow-
headed inscriptions is Sanscrit.' Colonel Rawlinson, Bur-
nouf, and Lassen, might have saved themselves their
trouble if they had been informed of this before. But Dr.
Latham has allowed himself to be misled into a still
greater mistake. Colonel Rawlinson, Burnouf, and Las-
sen have shown that the Persian branch of the Indo-
European stock has preserved, particularly in its oldest
literary documents, the Zend Avesta, ancient forms,
which occur in the Veda, but have been modified in the
more modern Sanscrit. Dr. Latham, not knowing that
the language of the cuneiform inscriptions differs from
that of the Veda nearly as much as that of Cicero from
Homer, has misunderstood this grammatical observation,

2'"i S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

135

and imagines that the language of Darius approaches so
much to tho Vedic dialect, as to prove that the Veda
cannot be older than Darius. The premisses are wrong,
but still more the conclusion. For if we applied this
principle to other facts of Comparative Philology, we
might say, because the Lithuanian, as spoken at the pre-
sent day, approaches so much to the Sanscrit as to possess
in its declensions Sanscrit terminations, which have been
modified in the other Indo-European idioms; therefore
Sanscrit may not be much older than the Lithuanian,
which any traveller maj' still hear spoken in parts of
Prussia. But there is a Nemesis in every thing ; and in
the only instance where Dr. Latham attempts to give an
authentic specimen of cuneiform writing every letter
stands TorsY-TUEVY."

The above extract is in the form of a note.

I had just risen from a second or third perusal
of Professor Mliller's article, when the inquiry of
Ingir met my eye, and I have lost no time in copy-
ing out the learned writer's remarks, which have an
indirect bearing on one of Ingib's queries.

Philologus.

3^e^litS ta :^tnor iStxittitg.

Robert Nelson (•2"« S. vii. 512.) — A family for-
merly settled in Yorkshire, and who a hundred
years ago bore the name of Nelson, have always
claimed Robert Nelson as of their family, though
they have no documents to prove the relationship.
They still bear, quarterly with their own, the
arms of Nelson, viz. or and sable, parted per pale,
a chevron between three fleurs-de-lis, two and one,
all counterchanged. There is reason to believe
that the or was argent formerly, as emblazoned in
a hatchment in the parish churcli of Kirkby Mal-
ham in Yorkshire, in which parish the family to
which I refer still retain Nelson property. N. R.

CromwelVs Children ("2"* S. viii. 17. 5Q. 97.)—
My authority for stating that Oliver the younger
was killed in battle near Knaresborough is the
Squire Papers.

Whitlocke says (p. 322. 2nd ed.) that Oliver
was killed near Appleby in July, 1648. Noble
repeals this (vol. i. p. 134.) Carlyle told us, be-
fore the discovery of the Squire papers, that, on
ransacking the old pamphlets, Whitlocke turns
out to be " indisputably in error." Cromwell,
writing after the battle of Marston Moor to
Colonel Valentine Walton to express condolence
with the latter on the death of his son, says : —

" Sir, — God hath taken away j'our eldest son by a
cannon-shot. It brake his leg. We were necessitated
to have it cut off, whereof he died. Sir, you know my
own trials this way: but the Lord supported me with
this, that the Lord took him into the happiness we all
pant for and live for."

Squire says, meeting Colonel Cromwell again
after some absence, just on the edge of Marston
Battle, —

" I thought he looked sad and wearied, for he had had
a sad loss ; young Oliver got killed to death not long

before, I heard : it was near Knaresborough, and 30 more
got killed."

Adopt this as true, and how thoroughly do we
understand the before-quoted letter of condo-
lence, and the allusion to Cromwell's " own trials
this way ! " The Cromwell pedigree in the Bih.
Top. Brit, disposes of young Oliver in the loose
way stated by your correspondent Cl. Hopper —
" di. young of the small pox during the Civil
War " — but gives no authority. The weight of
evidence among all these contradictory state-
ments is clearly with Squire.

Will some correspondent kindly search the
register at Felstead, and verify or disprove the
statement in the Kentish Mercury that three of
the sons of Oliver Cromwell are buried there ?

J. G. MOETEN.

Cheam.

St. Dominic and the Inquisition (2^^ S. viii. 117.)
— It has often been debated whether or no this
canonised saint of Rome was an inquisitor — the
controversy turning upon the earliest signification
of that unenviable title. The fact is, the cruel
persecutor of the Albigenses originated the idea
of the Inquisition," but did not live to witness the
establishment of it. Providence having, in 1221,
cut him short in his murderous career. Eight
years afterwards, or in 1229, the Council of Tou-
louse determined to establish a separate tribunal,
In exact accordance with the scheme originally
propounded by Dominic to Pope Innocent III.,
for robbing of their lives, liberties, and properties
all those who refused to acknowledge the supre-
macy of the Romish Church — a mediasval ex-
ample of priestcraft which was quickly imitated
in Italy, Spain, &c. When Innocent constituted
Dominic an Albigensian " missionary," he in-
vested him at the same time with the title of
Inquisitor. In the last-mentioned capacity his
duty was not to punish, but simply to inquire into-
the number and quality of the " heretics," the
nature of their tenets, &c., and to denounce
them to the proper authorities, i. e. the bishops.
Finding, however, the bishops actuated in some
measure by the spirit of Christianity, and unwil-
ling to persecute their fellow creatures with such
rigour as he considered necessary, Dominic sug-
gested the establishment of that tribunal known
so well afterwards as The Inquisition — a tribunal
which, by pandering to the ambition of the chief
pontiffs (Honorius III. and Gregory IX.), soon
ridded itself as well of the control of the epis-
copal bodies as of the secular powers. Cf. Llo-
rente's History of the Inquisition of Spain, Svo.
Lond. 1 826 ; Limborch's History of the Inquisi-
tion, 2 vols. 4to. Lond. 1731 ; and Davie's HiS'
tory of the Inquisition, Svo. Lond. j3.

Moldwarp (2'"» S. vii. 296.; viii. 98.) — Mold-
warp, German maidiverf ; as if from maul and

136

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>"i S. VIII. Alg. 13. 'o9.

w'erfen^ mould-thrower. Can maul be translated
mould? In Devonshire they call him a waut.
What is the meaning of that ? G. H. K.

Eminent Artists who have been Scene-painters
(2"^ S. iii. 46. 477. ; iv. 398. ; vii. 327.) — Under
the above heading and references, I have already
adduced the names of Inigo Jones, Canaletto and
his father Bernardo, P. J. de Loutherbourg, G.
Chambers, David Roberts, Clarkson Stanfield, T.
Sidney Cooper, and David Cox. Of the last-named
great artist interesting memoirs will'be found in the
Birmingham Journal for June 11, and in the Il-
lustrated London Neivs for July 9. It appears
from these two sources of information that, in his
youth, " David Cox became scene-painter at the
Birmingham Theatre, then under the management
of Macready, father of the eminent tragedian, who
was at that time a boy at Rugby school, and for
whom young Cox painted several scenes to adorn
a small toy-theatre which was constructed for the
boy's amusement." David Cox was at first colour-
grinder to the scene-painters. " His rise from
this very subordinate post was rapid ; no long
period elapsing ere he was required to design and
produce the entire scenery for a new play about
to be produced." He did so : the whole credit
was given to a London artist ; and the native ge-
nius had his remonstrances met by a notice to quit
in one week. A compromise was effected ; and,
*' with Macready, he travelled from Birmingham
to Leicester, and other places probably : occa-
sionally, when necessity required his assistance,
trying his hand upon the stage in some subordi-
nate character." David Cox then came to Lon-
don, in 1803, in the twentieth year of his age,
"and for a time obtained employment in the
scenic department at Astley's Theatre, but only
as a temporary resource till other arrangements
more suitable to his homely habits could be
made."

I find that this subject of " Scene-Painters" was
ably treated, twenty-five years ago, in Brayley's
Graphic and Historical Illustrator (pp. 381-3.),
although the names I have above mentioned (with
two exceptions) are not recorded. To complete
my list, it will be sufficient to give this reference
to Brayley, and merely mention the names of the
artists : —

Daniel My tens, Nicholas Lanlere, Winceslaus
Hollar, Signor Fideli, Mons. I'Abbe, Robert Ag-
gas, Streater, Signor Servandoni, Mons. de Voto,
Jack Laquerre, George Lambert, Signor Ami-
coni, Oram, Frank Hayman, Thos. Dall, Hogarth
(for Dr. Hoadly's private theatre), Richards, M.
A. Rooker, Walmsly, French, Catton, Junr.,
Signor Novoslelski, Hodges, Chas. DIbdIn and
son, Wm. Capon. Cuthbbbt Bede.

Hearing through the Mouth (2"'^ S. vii. 170. &c.)
Master Mace, the author of Music's Monument,

availed himself of this mode of hearing after he
had become deaf. He tells us that, having in-
vented a lute which was " absolutely the lustiest
or loudest lute that I ever yet heard," he was
able to hear it " in a very good measure, yet not
so loud as to distinguish everything I play with-
out the help of my teeth, which, when I lay close
to the edge of it, I hear all I play distinctly." {The
Doctor, Sfc, chap, cxcvl.) Vebna.

Scraping an Acquaintance (2""* S. vill. 71.) —
Db. Doean gives a classical origin to this phrase,
but omits to mention his authority. The passage
occurs in an article from his pen in the Gentle-
man's Magazine (N. S. xxxix. 230.), on "The
Masters of the Roman World during the Happiest
Years of the Human Race : " —

" There is an anecdote connected with Hadrian and the
custom of bathing, from which is derived the proverbial
saying of 'scraping an acquaintance.' The Emperor, en-
tering a bath, saw an old soldier scraping himself witli a
tile. He recognised the man as a former comrade — his
memory on such points never failed him — and, pitying
his condition that he had nothing better than a tile for a
flesh-brush, he ordered the veteran to be presented with
a considerable sum of money, and a costly set of bathing
garments. Thereupon all the old soldiers of the Imperial
army became as anxious to claim fellowship with the
Emperor as the Kirkpatricks of Great Britain and Ireland
are proudly eager to establish kinship with the Empress
of the French. As Hadrian entered the bath the day
after that on which he had rewarded his former comrade,
he observed dozens of old soldiers scraping themselves
with tiles. He understood the intent, but wittily evaded
it. 'Scrape one another, gentlemen,' said he, 'you will
not scrape acquaintance with me.' "

Vebna.

Preservation of Monumental Brasses (2""* S. viii.
107.) — It may be satisfactory to A. A. to learn
that I have in the press a work on Monumental
Brasses, comprising such a list as that suggested
by him. An advertisement of the volume may be
seen in "N. & Q." for March 5th, 1859. Any
notices of brasses not generally known to exist,
or that have been recently stolen or mutilated,
will be very acceptable, if forwarded to me at
once. H. Haines.

Gloucester.

Fawnes Family (2°'^ S. vii. 147. 243.) — Your
correspondent J. Ss. may be quite right in his
assertion that there is no family of this name now
residing in Berwickshire ; but it would appear from
Hodgson's NorthumherlaTid, that there was a fa-
mily of Faunes in that shire at a very early period.

From that work I find there is a farm called
Fawns in the parish of Kirkwhelpington, in
Northumberland, which was in the possession of
Sir Gilbert de Umfravllle In the fifteenth century,
and has since belonged to the various families of
Tempest, Swinburne, and Fenwick. There is
mention of a John de Faunes in the reign of Hen.
III., and of a William de Faunes in temp. Edw. I.

2"='i S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

137

From these facts it would seem that there is a
place called Fawns in Northumberland as well as
in Berwickshire ; also, that we find this surname
in both these counties. There is a good deal of
information in Hodgson's Northumberland, and
perhaps some northern antiquary might farther
enlighten your correspondent B. M. B. R. S.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

" Kaiserlicher Gehronter Dichter" (2"'' S. iv.
491 . ; V. 52.) — Since the Query respecting " Poets
Laureate" was replied to in "N". & Q.," I have
met with an Italian work treating expressly on
the subject. Its title is Memorie intorno ai Poeti
Laureati, Milan, 1839 — the author V. Lancetti.
The work contains a very 'numerous catalogue,
beginning with Linus (" Lino, quasi contempo-
faneo di Orfeo, e di mille anni anteriore all' Era
volgare"), and terminating with

" SOUTEY ROBERTO
ANNO 1813."

The list comprises a strange jumble of names,
e. g-. Hesiod, Homer, Menander, Nero (bis),
Dante, David Scot, John Skelton, Ariosto, Tasso,
Cats, ^^ Johnson Beniamino,'" Dryden, Rowe, and
Pye. The work is in the Reading Room of the
British Museum, press mark 2047. d.

Thomas Bots.

Ilaxey Hood (2°^ S. iv. 486., v. 94.) —There is
an interesting account of this custom, evidently
written by an eye-witness, in the current number
of Once a Week, p. 88. I call attention to this
article because it differs in some respects from
the account given by W. H. Woolhouse. The
number of " boggans " are stated at thirteen, not
twelve, and the land left is said to be only thir-
teen acres instead of forty. An additional fact is
stated that the " boggans " do not allow the hood
to leave the ground in which it is first thrown up
till four o'clock, and the story of the origin of
the sport is rather different, and less probable
than that given by your correspondent. The
" smoking " seems not to be confined to the fool,
but is the first step in the initiation into the
" Honourable Company of Boggans : " the second
step, probably intended to counteract the evil
effects of the first, consists in what is technically
called " cobbing " the new member at the nearest
gate. Libya.

Salford.

A Pair of Gloves preferred to the Bible (2""^ S.
viii. 71.) — The fact of the alteration in the por-
trait of King Henry VIII., mentioned by Me.
Offor, is well authenticated.
. A circumstantial account of the occurrences
connected with it, is given in the Chronicle of
Queen Jane and Queen Mary, edited by Mr. J. G.
Nichols for the Camden Society, wherein it is
stated that the event happened on occasion of the

entry of Philip and Mary into London after their
marriage ; and that the representation of the nine
worthies and Henry VIII. and Edward VI., wts
placed on the conduit in Gracious Street. Mr.
Nichols, in a note, gives a slightly varied version
of the story from Foxe, and adds the following
(from Harl. MS., 419. f. 131.), which I take to
be the source from which Bailey's notice, quoted
by Me. Offor, was obtained : —

" This 3-eare the ix worthies at Graces church was
painted, and king Henry the eight emongest them, with
a bible in his hand, written upon it Verbum Dei : but
commaudement was geven immediately that it should be
put out ; and so it was, and a paire of gloves put in the
place."

W. H. Husk.

Brathivaite (2"* S. viii. 88.) — In the first volume
of Nicolson & Burn's Hist, of Westmorland and
Cumberland (p. 190.), is the following under the
head " Brathwaites of Ambleside" : —

" IV. Thomas Brathwaite of Ambleside, son and heir
of James. This Thomas, in the last year of Queen Eliza-
beth, obtained a grant or confirmation of a^ms b}' Wil-
liam Segar, Norroy King of Arms on the North of Trent ;
setting forth —

" ' That whereas Thomas Brathwaite of Ambleside,
son of James, son of Robert of the same place, who bore
for their ancient seals of arms (to very many old deeds
before him the said Norroy produced), a horn within an
escutcheon, having inscriptions of their name thereabout,
and not knowing certainly what colour the said horn or
shield should be, had requested him the said Norroy as
well to blazon and set forth the same in colours, as to
appoint him a crest ; therefore he, the said Norroy, grants
to him for his coat of aims. Or, a horn sable, with a
banderick of the same ; and for his crest, on a wreath of
his colours, a greyhound jacent argent, collared sable,
studded or.'

" It is remarkable that this coat of arms is the same
with that of the Brathwaites in Yorkshire, which may
seem to argue that the horn upon the seal came from
that family, though these Westmorland Brathwaites at
that time were not aware of it. And Sir Thomas Brath-
waite of Warcop, great uncle to this Thomas, twenty
years before this had a grant and confirmation of other
arms, which the Brathwaites, both of Warcop and Burnes-
head, always bore ; and which the said grant sets forth
to be the ancient arras of their families, viz. Gules, on a
chevron argent, three cross crosslets fitchee sable."

C. L. B.

Ephraim Pratt (2"" S. viii. 11.)— Ephraim
Pratt, remarkable for longevity, the grandson of
John Pratt, who settled at Plymouth in 1620,
was born at East Sudbury, Nov. 1, 1687. At
the age of twenty-one he married Martha Whee-
lock, and before his death he could number about
1500 persons among his descendants. In the year
1801 four of his sons were living, the eldest of
whom was 90 years of age, and the youngest 82.
Michael Pratt, his son, died at S. in December,
1826, aged 103 years. He was always remark-
able for temperance. For the last sixty years he
had tasted no wine nor any distilled spirits, and
he was never intoxicated in his life. His drink

13S

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»"i S. YIII. Aug. 13. '59.

was water, small beer, and cider. Living mostly
on bread and milk for forty years before his death,
he did not eat any animal food. Such was his
uniform health, that before 1801 he had never
consulted a physician, and it is not known that
he consulted one afterwards. (Cf. Wm. Allen's
American Biographical and Historical Dictionary,
2nd edit. Boston (U. S.), 1832, p. 656, 7.) D. B.
18. Regent Square.

Encaustic Paintings at Pompeii (2"'* S. viii. 89.)
— A. A. (Poets' Corner), after some excellent ob-
servations on the encaustic and pseudo- encaustic
paintings at Pompeii, as he conceives, and with
great probability, inquires, " Can any of your
readers afford information on this curious sub-
ject?" If he has not already seen it, and will
refer to " N. & Q." (2'^'^ S. vii. 254.), he will find
an article " On Encaustic Painting," with the re-
sults of many experiments both ancient and
modern. Philotechnon Londinensis.

Irish Scutch Mills (2"'' S. viii. 88.) — Your cor-
respondent Abhba may feel an interest in the
following account of the MS. of" Front Views of
Mills," &c., now in his possession. The author,
Peter Besnard, was descended from a Huguenot
family who settled in Cork about the commence-
ment of the last century. Shortly after they ap-
pear to have established a hemp manufactory at
Doughlas in the south liberties of the city, to
which, before the close of the century, was added
a linen factory, at that time the most extensive in
this part of Ireland. Mr. Besnard's intimate
knowledge of this branch of trade procured for
him the appointment of Inspector General to the
Linen Board of Ireland for the provinces of Mun-
ster, Leinster, and Connaught : the duties of this
office caused his absence from home for at least
ten months of the year. Some lime before the
date of the MS. in question, Mr. Besnard's notice
was called to a lad named John Harty, who was
educated in the Foundling Hospital at Cork, and
who exhibited a remarkable skill in drawing,
though he never received any instruction in the
art. This lad Mr. Besnard employed in the capa-
city of a clerk to accompany him on his yearly
tour of inspection, during which the materials
were c6llected and subsequently embodied in the
MS., which is altogether the work of John Harty.
In 1820 Mr. Besnard was appointed by the same
Board to proceed on a deputation to Holland, for
the purpose of inducing some Dutchmen to visit
Ireland, with a view to instruct the inhabitants
how to save the seed of hemp, &c. For heretofore
it was customary to deposit the seed with the stalk
during the process of decomposition, so that the
seed had to be imported. Mr. Besnard's mission
was attended with success ; he returned with two
intelligent Dutch agriculturists named Booz and
Lindoch : the former returned to his native coun-

try, the latter died in the co. Tipperary, and was
buried at the abbey of the Holy Cross, where a
neat monument marks the stranger's grave. Peter
Besnard was sheriff of Cork in 1804, and filled the
office of mayor in 1835. The above narrative I
had from his son John Besnard, Jun., J. P., who
was well acquainted with both the MS. and its
writer. To this intelligent magistrate's zeal and
energy the city of Cork is indebted fcr a Police
Court, which, for architectural beauty and inter-
nal arrangements, is not to be equalled in the
kingdom. I may also mention that Mr. John
Besnard has in his possession many books con-
nected with the linen trade in the south of Ireland,
and I am quite certain that he will feel great
pleasure in giving any information in his power.

li. C.
Cork.

Bull and Bear of the Stock Exchange (2"^ S.
vii. passim, viii. 79.) — Invited by your corre-
spondent A. A. to continue this subject, I beg to
offer a few remarks in reply to his last communi-
cation.

The question is now " when were these terms
generally current beyond the precincts of the
Stock Exchange ? "

On this head I am not prepared to offer an
opinion, but I can show that your correspondent
is mistaken in supposing they were unknown to
Foote, — an inference he rather hastily, I think,
draws from the fact that the quibble he suggests
is not to be found in the Mayor of Garratt.

In the prologue to the Maid of Bath, written
by Garrick, and spoken by Foote, are these lines : —

"Nay even 'Change Alley, where no bard repairs,
Deals much in fiction to pass off their wares,
For whence the roaring there ? — from Bulls and

Bears.
The gaming fools are doves, the knaves are rooks*,
'Change Alley bankrupts waddle out lame ducks.
But ladies blame not you your gaming spouses,
For you, as well as they, have pigeon houses."

The words, I apprehend, made their way gradu-
ally into use : but, to have furnished matter for a
prologue, addressed to so miscellaneous an as-
sembly as the audience of a theatre, the allusion
must have been perfectly familiar in 1771, when
the Maid of Bath was produced.

Charles Wylib.

Smoking Anecdote (2"'^ S. viii. 107.) — The
anecdote furnished by your correspondent, ex-
tracted from the French Anas, Chevrceana (ii.
p. 51.), is similar to one related of the celebrated
Bishop Burnet by the Kev. Mark Noble, in his
Biographical History of England (i. 84.) : —

" Dr. Burnet was extravagantly fond of tobacco and
writing; to enjoy both at the same time he perforated

* Variation. " The gambling fools are /jjj'eons, knaves
are rooks." — Foote's Works, 1830, vol. iii.

2'>d S. VIII. Aug. 13. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

139

the broad brim of his large hat, and putting his long
pipe through it, puffed and wrote, and wrote and puffed
again."

W. J. Pinks.

"jBaratanawa " (2"0 S. viii. 95.) — Mr. Fitz-
Patrick, I hope, will be induced to furnish us
with " a tolerably accurate key to the characters
which figure in this book." Adiiba.

Eev. Thomas Harrison (S"'^ S. viii. 90.) — The
Rev. Thomas Harrison, son of Mr. Thomas Har-
rison of Lorimers' Hall, and a member of the
church under the care of Mr. Joseph Maisters
at Joiners' Hall. He first began to preach at
Little Wild Street, April 14, 1714 ; and continued
as the stated preacher there till January, 1729,
when, through the influence of his relations
(though a Baptist) he conformed to the Church
of England. He was author of a small volume of
poems and hymns, some of which have appeared
in many collections. The writer possesses a copy
of the first edition of this scarce volume : Poems
on Divine Subjects, in Tioo Pai'ls, by Thos. Har-
rison, 12mo., pp. 84., London, 1719. For farther
information, see Ivimey's History of the Baptists,
vol. iii. p. 568. D. Sedgwick.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Catalogue of Antiquities, Works of Art, and Historical
Scottish Relics exiiibiied in the Museum of the Archaological
Instittite of Great Britain and Ireland during their Annual
Meeting held in Edinburgh, July, 1859 ; comprising Notices
of the Portraits of Mary Queen of Scots exhibited on that
Occasion, §-c. (Edinburgh, Constable & Co.)

We had last week to call attention to an antiquarian
volume of considerable beauty produced by a Local So-
ciety, that of Kent. We have now to point to one of
equal beaut}^ with a somewhat wider scope, being national
instead of local. The Collection of Scottish Antiquities
formed in Edinburgh in July, 1859, by the Archceological
Institute, was one of such surpassing interest to all true
lovers of archaeology, that it would indeed have been
something more than a pity had it been allowed to pass
awaj' and leave no sign. But a better fate awaited it.
The accomplished antiquarj' to whose zeal and judgment,
aided by the liberality of the possessors of objects of na-
tional interest, the Museum owed its formation, has be-
come the editor of the Catalogue, and produced under
that title a volume full of most instructive details
upon all points of antiquarian and artistic learning, — a
work rich in materials for the social history of our
northern brethren, full of curious and recondite lore on
every class of objects exhibited, from the rude stone celt
to the Lennox Jewel, and the portraits of Mary Queen of
Scots ; the whole being profusely illustrated in a manner
worthy of the text, and calculated to satisfy even one so
particular in all such matters as Mr. Way himself. It is,
in short, a model of what such a Catalogue should be, and
no antiquarj', certainly no Scottish antiquary, should be
without it. Had Monkbarns seen it, he would have gone
daft with delight.

The Life and Theatrical Times of Cliarles Kean, F.S.A.,
including a Summary of the English Stage for the last
Fifty J^ears, and a detailed Account of the Management

of the Princess's Theatre from 1850 to 1859. By John
^Villiam Cole. 2 vols. (Bentle.y.)

Mr. Cole's work divides itself very naturally into two
perfectly distinct branches. The one, the theatrical times
of Charles Kean, which, abounding as it does with gos-
siping and anecdotical matter respecting Kemble, Ed-
mund Kean, Dowton, Listen, Munden, and others of the
great actors whom we are old enough to have seen and
admired, will be read with great delight by all old play-
goers, who will find in it many pleasant reminiscences of
their favourites of bygone days. The other, devoted more
particularly to the life of Charles Kean, will, we think,
make many among the warmest admirers of tliat accom-
plished actor's dramatic talents and high personal cha-
racter, regret that he has not exercised the influence
which " years of uninterrupted private friendship and pro-
fessional association " with the author ought to give him, to
have curtailed the book of much that is calculated to make
the judicious grieve. The last chapter, the account of the
dinner given to Mr. Kean on his retirement, and the com-
pliments so deservedly paid on that occasion by the Duke
of Newcastle both to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean, and espe-
cially for the interest with which they have both watched
over all those connected with their establishment, is the
best in the book. By-the-bye we must correct Mr. Cole
in one of his facts. Mrs. Charles Kean did not make her
first appearance in Edinburgh. We saw her play in
Edinburgh, but we had previously had the pleasure of
seeing her play in London, Olivia in Twelfth Night, to her
sister's Viola;' and admirably she did play it.

The Sonnets, Triumphs, and other Poems of Petrarch,
now first completely translated into Englisli Verse by various
Hands. With a Life of the Poet by Thomas Campbell.
With Sixteen Engravings on Sted. (Bohn.)

To Wright's Dante, Wiffen's Tasso, W. S. Rose's Ari-
osto, Mr. Bohn has now added a very fitting companion-
volume in this series of translations from Petrarch ;so that
excellent English versions of " I quattro Poeti Italiani "
are now easily obtainable by readers who are not familiar
with the Italian language. The volume is the work of
many hands, and owes its completeness to the liberality
with which Major Macgregor, who. has lately translated
nearly the whole of Petrarch with great closeness, both as
to matter and form, has permitted Mr. Bohn to make use
of his labours.

Books Received. —

An Alphabetical Dictionary of Coats of Arms belonging
to Families in Great Britain and L'eland, forming an ex-
tensive Ordinary of British Armorials, upon an entirely
New Phin. By John W. Papworth. (Part III. for 1859.)

We are glad to record the appearance of the third part
of Mr. Papworth's Ordinary of British Armorials, and
sincerely hope that each successive part brings him an
addition to his list of subscribers, so that this most useful
work may the sooner be brought to its completion.

Lord Byron's Poetical Works (Murray's Complete Edi-
tion.) Part VII.

Containing the remainder of the Occasional Pieces, and
the first four Cantos of Don Juan.

Boswell's Life of Johnson. Edited by the Right Hon.
J. W. Croker. Part VI., with Illustrations. (Murray.)

Carries on the Life during the years 1770, 1777, and
1778, with a portrait of the Doctor 'from a miniature said
to have been worn in a bracelet by Mrs. Johnson.

The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore. Part V.
(Longman.)

Contains The Summer Fete, Evenings in Greece, Legen-
dary Ballads, and Miscellaneous Poems.

Tales from Bentley. Part II.

Contains Tlie Two Butlers of Kilkenny ; A Tale of
Grammarye ; Richie Baxter ; The Devil and Johnny

140

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d s. VIII. Aug. 13. '5f.

Dixon; The Good- for -Nothing; and Old Morgan at Pa-
nama.

Thiers's Histori/ of the French Rtvolution, with itlustru-
tive Notes from the most Authentic Sources. Part IV.
(Bentley.) Illustrated with a portrait of Lafayette.

Moutledge^s Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev.
J. G. Wood. Part V. (Routledge & Co.)

Treats of cats, hyenas, civets, and various allied ani-
mals, and is, as usual, admirably illustrated.

Wool and Woollen Manufactures of Great Britain. A
Historical Sketch of its Rise, Progress, and present Position.
(Samuel Brothers.)

This volume afFoixls a curious illustration of the man-
ner in which literary information is made to bear upon
commercial enterprise. It contains a rapid review, ap-
parently compiled with great pains, of the commercial
history of wool and its manufacture, and is published by
Messrs. Samuel, the well-known tailors of Ludgate Hill ;
and is to be followed by two others, viz. one on the
Natural History of Wool — the third on the Mechanical
History of its Manipulation and Manufacture.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PDECUASB.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
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Life oe Sik William Wallace, in Eivglisb Verse, by Blair. 12mo.
£dinb. 1701. Any Life of Sir Wm. Wallace that ia at all above a
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Wanted by liev. J. S. Watson. Proprietary Grammar School,
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Among other Papers of interest which will appear in our next number,
ice may mention Mr. Asher's on Autobiographical Passage in Shak-
gpeare's Tempest ; Mr. Corner's List of Inhabitants of Old London
Bridge ; Articles on Archbishop Leighton, by Rev. J. iV. Pearson, 4-c.

J. C. F. Pierce Egan tlie Younger published in 1840, in demy 8i>o.
Robin Hood and Little John, accompanied with Bobin Hood Ballads in
a separate volume. On reflection our correspondent will see the pro-
priety of the course we have adopted in not reprinting in our 2nd Series
the information contained in our 1st ; but, instead of so occupying our
space, referring Querists to the volumes in which the irformation of which
they are in search is to be found.

G. The new edition of Wood's Athenae Oxon. was stopped owing to the
dissolution of the Ecclesiastical History Society. See " N. & Q., 1st S.
xii. 205. 292.

Erhatum.— 2nd S. viii.p. 118. col. ii. 1.3. /br"Mal. ix.20." recKi"Mat.
ix. 20."

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Contents of No. 188. — August 6th,

NOTES : — Junius and Henry Flood — A General Literary Index —
How the Lord High Chancellor goes to Westminster — Solution of a
Bibliographical Puzzle — M. Sullacombe , and the Streets of Loudon.

Minor Notes : — Alexander Pope's Chair — Illustration of "Boswell's
Johnson "—Sir Walter Raleigh— Preservation of Monumental Brasses

— Smoking Anecdote — Handel's Hallelnjah Chorus.

QUERIES : — Medieval Architecture of Venice.

Minor Queries : — Bacon on Conversation — A Charity-box for Dis-
tressed Gentlemen — Prayer on setting forth an Expedition, probably
in the Reign of Elizabeth— "Liberavi animam meam "— Chambers
for the Duke of Mantua's Dwarfs — Scotch Genealogies — Bishop Po-
cocke's " Tour through Ireland " — Major Duncanson and the Massa-
cre of Glencoe — Mr. Wells — Life is before y e, &c.

Minor Queries with Answers: — Dr. Latham's Theory of Indo-Euro-
pean Languages— John Gilpin — S. John the Evangelist —Mount St.
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REPLIES: —On Style in General, Bibliography, Typography, Trans-
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No Charge for Stamping A rms, Crests, 4'c. from own Dies.
Catalogues Post Free; Orders over 20s. Carriage paid.
Copy Address, PARTRIDGE & COZENS,
Manufacturing Stationers : 1. Chancery Lane, and 192. Fleet Street

2»"» S. VIII. Aug. 20. '69.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

141

LONDON, SATURDAY. AUGUST 20.1959.

No. 190. — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Autobiographical Passage in Shakspeare's " Tempest," by

D. D. Asher, 141 —Patron Saints, 76 — Old London Bridge, by G.

E. Comer, H2_ Miltoniana, by CI. Hopper, lb.

Minor Notes : — Sundial with retro^ading Shadow — Aged Bride and
Bridegroom '— Fowling and Matrimony — Mode of celebrating a
Birth — Jews in Oxford, and Halls named after them — Bonded
Warehouses, lu.

QUERIES !— Gay, 145— j|||ron Wratislaw's Ca_pti_yitj; in Turkey, by

A. H. Wratislaw, lb.

■Iters in the Quarterly Review, lb.

Minor Qderies : _ Cokam or Coxam House: Mr. Crewe's Wyrwail,

Chideok or Chadwick — " The Traveller" — John Van Lewen, M.D

St. Andrew's Parish, Dublin — Illoqucs — London Antiquities " The

Complete Irish Traveller" — Dr. Samuel Pegge— Sir James Flower,
Bart. -Sir Robert Peel, Bart., &c., 146.

Minor Qoeries with Answers: — Sir Charles Bawdin — Admiral Had-
dock — Nevinson — Dr. Hoadly's Private Theatre— Hanged, drawn,
and quartered, 148.

REPLIES: — Archbishop Leighton's Works, by John N. Pearson, &c.,
150 ,- Henry Smith, Lecturer of St. Clement Danes, by C. H. & Thomp-
son Cooper, 152 — Herbert Knowles, 153 — How the Lord High Chan-
cellor goes to Westminster, by Edward Foss, lb. — Mont St. Michael,
Normandy, 154.

RjiPLiEs TO Minor Queries: — Vincent Dowling, and the Parliament
of Punlico- The Hill Family: Abigail Hill— Tennyson's " Enid "_

Vertue's " Draughts "— Shooting Soldiers — Greek Word— Motto

Liberavi animam meam, &c., 155.

Monthly Feuilleton on French Books, 157.

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PASSAGE IN SHAKSPEARE's
" TEMPEST."

While attempts are being made in some quar-
ters to shake our belief, if not in the existence of
Shakspeare, at least in his authorship of the dra-
mas ascribed to him, every glimpse they afford us
in elucidating the question ought, I believe, to be
carefully searched for and welcomed ; provided,
of course, it prove indeed a light, and not a mere
" Will o' the wisp." A similar conviction may
have induced the celebrated judge to examine all
the passages in support of his own hypothesis, and
testifying to Shakspeare's legal knowledge. Whe-
ther the judge has in this instance shown himself
to be a good pleader in his own case, it is not for
me to say. What I have to bring forward will
not aid us, indeed, in ascertaining the original
calling of Shakspeare, but is intended with more
moderate pretension to point out what appears
to me an autobiographical fragment in the writ-
ings of the great dramatist. ' Of the few facts
known to us of his life, the one touching the mo-
rality of Shakspeare has, like the rest, given rise
to a good deal of discussion among the commen-
tators. I am referring to the premature birth of
his child after six months' marriage. Among
others, Charles Knight has defended Shakspeare's
morality on the plea that in the poet's age the
troth- plight was equivalent to the nuptial cere-
mony of the present day. Whether this plea be
valid or not, I leave others to decide : my know-
ledge of the matrimonial rites of those times not
enabling me to pronounce an opinion. But if my
interpretation of the passage in The Tempest,
Act IV. Sc. 1., be correct, I am afraid Knight's

plea cannot stand : for that passage, to my mind
at least, shows the culprit himself to be at vari-
ance with his advocate, and to reject his defence.
Indeed, he comes forward to arraign himself and
pleads guilty in the face of all the world. I have
unfortunately access to but a few commentators,
none of whom have any remark on the passage in
question ; and I am, therefore, not in a position
to say how far my interpretation is already sup-
ported by others, or whether it is entirely new.
The passage alluded to runs thus : —

"• But

If thou dost break her virgin knot before
All sanctimonious ceremonies may
With full and holy rite be minister'd,
No sweet aspersion shall the heavens let fall
To make this contract grow ; but barren hate,
Sour-eyed disdain, and discord, shall bestrew
The union of your bed with weeds so loathly,
That you shall hate it both. Therefore take heed,
As Hj'men's lamp shall light you."

Now, I am bold enough to maintain, that, how-
ever marvellous Shakspeare's insight into the
human heart in all conditions and ranks undoubt-
edly wasj none, who had not himself experienced
this particular state of mind — in short, none who
had not himself been so situated — could ever
have penned these lines. And Shakspeare was so
situated. For, assuming the facts to be well as-
certained, he was not happy in his conjugal life,
and abandoned wife and home a few years after
marriage. Farther comment would, I believe, be
superfluous. The lines quoted speak for them-
selves. However we may regret it, both for the
sake of Shakspeare and his advocate, they upset
Knight's plea, and assign a valid reason for the
poet's removal to London. If then my interpre-
tation be accepted, a new autobiographical frag-
ment would have been gained; and by diligent
research additional ones may perhaps be dis-
covered, corroborating other incidents of his life
resting as yet on but a dubious basis.

D. D. ASHEB.

TLeipsic, July, 1859.

PATRON SAINTS.

I have never seen a list of patron saints set
forth anywhere. Perhaps, therefore, the follow-
ing, though incomplete, may be acceptable, and
will be increased or perfected by the contributions
of your correspondents.

To begin with the countries of Europe : —

England - - St. George, native of Cappadocia.

Scotland - - St. Andrew „ Judaea (Apostle).

Wales - ■• - St. David „ Wales.

Ireland - - St. Patrick „ Scotland,

France - - St. Denis „ Paris.

Spain - - - St. James „ Judaja (Apostle).

Italy - - - St. Anthony „ Egypt.

Russia likewise, I believe, claims St. Andrew,

142

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n«« S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.

and Portugal St. George. In a complimentary
poem on the marriage of Charles II. and Cathe-
rine of Braganza written at the time, we are told
that

" the Portugueses vaunt
Saint George, their patron and tutelar saunt."

( Vide Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens of
England.')

Next we have —
St. Cuthbert, Patron Saint of Durham Diocese.

St. Chad
St. Werberge
St. Prides wide
St. Mungo
St. Genevieve
St. Peter

Lichfield City and Diocese.

Chester City.

Oxford City.

Glasgow City.

Paris City.

Corporation of London.

Lastly, we come to arts, professions, and gene-
ral matters —

St Anthonj-, Patron
St. Benedict
St. Dunstan
St. Blaise
St. Hubert
St. Crispin and )>
Crispian j

St. Barbara

St. Catharine
St. Cecilia
St. Giles
St. Boniface
St. Margaret
St. Walston
St. Leonard

St. Julian

St. Martha

St. Michael

St. Augustine

St. Eligius

St. John Colombine

St. William, Archb.

St. Anne

St. Nicholas

St. John Evangelist
St. John Baptist
St. Mary Magdalene

Hongkong, June 2, 1859.

of Monks and Monasteries.
„ Monks.

„ Monks also.

„ Woolcombers.

,, Hunting and Dogs.

„ Shoemakers.

r Knights and Chivalry, and
„ 4 in later times Fire-arms

( and Gunpowder.
„ Learning and Education.

„ Music.

„ Cripples and Beggars.

„ Innkeepers.

„ Women in Child-birth.

„ Farmers.

,, Prisoners and Captives.

f Travellers, Ferrj'men, and
" ( wandering Minstrels.
„ Housekeeping.

„ The Church Militant.

,, Theologians.

„ Blacksmiths and Farriers.

„ Honest Workmen.

„ Tailors. ( Vide Doran's jHa-

bits and Men, p. 229.)

f Ostlers, Grooms, and Stable-
" I boys ; also of Wells. '

f Sailors, Fishermen, <yid
" \ Schoolboys.
„ Knights Templars.

„ Missionaries.

Penitents.

W. T. M.

OLD LONDON BRIDGE.

The following list of inhabitants on that part of
Old London Bridge which was in the parish of
St. Olave, Southwark, viz. from the bridge foot
to the drawbridge, is from a poor rate made for
the parish of St. Olave, 23rd Sept. 1735. And
it is to be noted that the whole of the bridge, in-
cluding the houses on each side of the bridge-foot
on the Southwark side, as far as Tooley Street on
the east and Pepper Alley on the west side of the

Borough High Street, was part of Bridge Ward
within the City of London : —

"LONDON BKIDGE.

David Langton

George Hayward - - - -

Henry Wickenden - - - -

Jacob Foster - - - -

Michael Thomas - - - -

John Davis . - - - -

Basil Denn - - - - -
Jonathan Cotton (House and#Varehouse),

101. 10s.

Amos Wenman - - - -

Brandiston Weld - - - -

John Stone - - - - -

Richard Carter . _ - -

Thos. Bickham _ - - -

Cornelius Herbert - - - -

Thomas Wright - - . -

Henry Barber . . . _

Thos. Churcher . - . .
James Brooke, Esq., and Partner

Edmund Den . . _ -

Mary Harrison . . - -

Wm. Strange ....

Thos. Bickham - . . -

Saml. Austin . . . -

Thos. Doughty . - . -

Piggott Wm. West - - - -

Nathl. Gladman . . . -

s. d.

6 6

6 6

6 G

10 10

4 4

8 8

8 8

8 8

4 4

8 8

4 4

8 8

6 6

10 10

4 4

4

6

17

Lewis Dymoke ...

Mark Carpenter ...
Richd. Coart - - - -

Wm. East - - - - - 8

Joseph Luke - - - - - 4

Thomas Stapleton - - - - 4

Robept Cocker - - - - 4

" Assessed by

" Cornelius Herbert,
" James Brooke,

" Ancient Inhabitants.
" Allowed by Sir George Champion,
Alderman of London."

Any information respecting these old inhabit-
ants of London Bridge, their trades and oc-
cupations, families or connexions, or in any way
note-worthy concerning them — especially as to
Jonathan Cotton, who I believe was of the same
family as Sir Allin Cotton, Lord Mayor, 1625,
viz. from Whitchurch, Salop, — will be acceptable
to Geo. R. Coenee.

MILTONIANA.

Pursuant to my former proposition, I now print
a series of papers passed over by Todd relative to
John Milton's composition for the Powell estates,
supplying material to fill up the various hiatuses
which occur in the volume issued by that gentle-
man in 1 826. Notwithstanding Todd's researches
among the original papers in the State Paper
Office, I have reason to believe that much remains
to be discovered, not only there but elsewhere,
by any zealous and painstaking historian : —

« 1650, Aug. 22.
" Uppoa the peticon of Anne Powell, late wife of Richard

2«-» S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

143

Powell of Forest Hill, in the county of Oxon, Esq., shew-
ing that the pet" said husband having a fyne sett uppon him
for his delinquency dyed before payment thereof made, and
having di vers great incumbrances charged uppon his Estate,
and the Com""" of Oxford disposing of his p'sonall Estate,
the pef desires deduccOns and abatem*' accordingly. It
is ordered that his case be referred unto M'' Brereton,
who is to make report thereof unto this Com"**. Upon
the peticon of John Milton desiring to compound for
extent upon the estate of the late above said Richard
Powell, it is ordered that he be admitted to composicOn
accordingly, and that it be referred ut supra."

" Die Martis, d'o Martij, 1650.
" Upon the report of M'. Brereton in the case of John
Milton desireinge to compound upon the Act of 1» Au-
gust!, 1650, for certaine messuages, lands, and tythes in
the said report raenconed, beinge late the lands and pre-
misses of Richard Powell late of Forest Hill in the co. of
Oxford, gent'., deceased, and extended by the s'^ John
Milton upon a statute of five hundred poundes acknow-
ledged to him by the said Rich*! Powell and W" Heme,
Citizen and Goldsmith of London, as by the s<i report of
M"" Brereton and particuler thereunto annexed appeares
(coppies whereof are hereunto annexed and attested by
our Reg""), it is resolved and soe ordered that the pef be
admitted to compound for the premisses att the fine of
one hundred and thirty pounds now set, and that upon
payment of one moiety of the s"* fine within fourteen©
dayes into the Trery att Goldsmiths hall, and producing
his acquittance for y« same, the seq":"" of y» premisses
shall then be suspended, and y* he doe pay in y* other
moiety w'l'in 6 weekes after, and thereupon y" seq«o" shalbe
discharged, and the pef, his exo""', ado""", and ass" shall
have and enjoy the before menconed premisses soe com-
pounded for as well till the said fine of 130' as his owne
just debt is fully satisfied according to the Act of 1" Au-
gusti, 1650, aforesaid."

« 4*0 Martij. 1050.
" Ordered — That John Milton doe pay into the Trefy
att Goldsmiths Hall as a fine imposed according to the
late Act of Parliam' of the first of August, 1050, touching
Extents, Mortgages, &". the sume of one hundred and
thirty pounds, being for an estate belonging to Richard
Powell, late of Forest Hill, in the county of Oxford, gent,
deceased, and extended by the said John Milton, the one
moiety of the s'^ fine w'^in 14 dayes, and the remainder
w">in 6 weekes after."

«' 120 Martij, 1650.
"Whereas wee ordered the fowerth of this instant
March that John Milton should compound for certaine
messuages, lands, and tythes lately belonging to Richard
Powell, late of Forest Hill, in the county of Oxford, Gent°.
deed, menconed in the report of M^ Brereton to y» s"^
order annexed, and y* he should pay as a fine for y* same
the sume of one hundred and thirty poundes, and y* he
should pay in a moiety of the s*! fine w'Mn 14 dayes then
next, and upon his produceing of an acquittance of his
paym« of the s^ moiety the seq'^o" should be suspended,
w<='' s<i acquittance is now produced to us. It is therefore or-
dered that the s*! soq<^on be accordingly suspended, and y ' the
8*1 M'' Milton or his ass«* be permitted to receive the rents,
yssues, and proifits of the aforesaid lands and premises
accordingly, he having given security for paym* of the
second moiety w'Mn the tyme lymitted."

"27 Martij, 1651.
" Whereas wee ordered, 4 Martij, 1650. that John Mil-
ton should bee admitted to compound according to the
Act of 1"'° Augusti last for certaine messuages, lands, and
tythes menconed in the report of M' Brereton and parti-
culer thereunto annexed, extended by the s<* John Milton

upon a statute of 500" acknowledged unto him by Richard
Powell, late of Forest Hill in the county of Oxford, gent.,
deed, and W" Heme, Citizen and Goldsmith of London,
and that hee should pay as a fine for the s* premisses
the sume of one hundred and thirty poundes then sett,
and that upon payment of one moiety of the s"i fine w*Ma
14 dayes the seq«o" of the premises should be suspended,
and upon paym» of the other moiety within 6 weekes
after the seq<=o" of the s^ premises should be discharged.
Now, for that it appeares to us by two sev'all acquittances
under the hands of the Trefs att Goldsmiths hall, that
the s"i John Milton has paid in the full fine. It is there-
fore ordered that the s^ John Milton, his executo"'', ad-
ministrato", and assignes shall have and enjoy the before
menconed premises soe compounded for, as well till the
sd fine of 130" as his owne just debt w*'' due interest is
fully satisfied and paid according to the s'' act of the 1st
of Aug' last, 1650, afores*, intituled An Act touchinge
extents, Mortgages, &c., all w<='» the Com''' in the coun-
trey, and all others whom it concernes are to take notice
of, and see performed accordingly."

"7 Junij, 1653.
" In compliance to an ord"" from y* Court of Aides ( ?)
of y 26th of May, 1653, in the case of M" Ann Powell,
whereby wee are directed to certifie unto sev'all particu-
lers set downe att the bottome of y® s'^ ord' touching the
Estate late of Richard Powell, Esq., her late husband,
deed. Wee doe hereby certifie that M"^ John Pj-e, second
Sonne of S"' Robt. Pj'e, Knight, and John Milton, Esq.,
have compounded for parcell of the Estate of the said
Richard Powell according to y" Act of 1" Aug. 1650i
(viz*), the said John Pye for lands of y« yearly value of
272' 15', it being a lease for 31 yeares, and his clayme
was by vertue of a mortgage thereof made unto y* st* S''
Rob' Pye, and since by him assigned unto the s"* John,
upon w'^'' mortgage there was oweing to him the sume of
1238', for w^'' estate (respect being had to his s'' debt and
damages) the fine was 576' 12« S** w<='» he hath paid into y«
Trefy att Goldsmiths hall. And the said M"" Milton hath
likewise compounded for an other part of y« s"* M"" Powells
Estate upon the said Act, w^i* he valued in his particuler
att 80'y poundes per ann. in fee, out of w^"" he was allowed
the thirds w'^'' he paid to M" Powell for her dower, and
his clayme was by vertue of an extent upon a statute of
500' acknowledged unto him by the s"! Richard Powell,
for w'l^ (after allowance made for his debt and damages)
his fine was 130' which he hath paid into the Trei^y att
Goldsmiths hall as by y" severall papers annexed and at-
tested by o'' Reg"" more fully appeares.

" S. M. J. B.

" A. S. R. M.»

In the year 1653 this property was released
from sequestration; for in one of the Council
Books, under the subjoined date, we find the fol-
lowing resolution entered : —

« 26 Oct. 1653.
" Upon mocon of M'' Martyn of Councell in the behalfe
of M" Anne Powell, widow, relict and administratrix of
Richd Powell, late of Forest Hill in the county of Oxford,
Esq. deceased, and Richard Powell, sonne and heire of the
said Richard Powell, moveing that according to judge-
ment of the Court of Articles given the 15"> of July last
the lands and estate late of the said Richard Powell may
be discharged from sequestracon, and upon reading the
certificate made by us to the said Court of Articles the
seaventh of June last touching the composicons made
with us for the said Estate by, John Pye and John Mil-
ton, Esq", upon the Act of the 1*' of August, 1650, and
upon consideracon had of the whole matter. Resolved,
that the freehold lands formerly morgaged to the said M'

144

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Aua. 20. '69,

Milton, and the leasehold lands morgaged to S'' Robert
Pye, and by him assigned to his second sonne, the s*
John Pye, be forthwith absolutely discharged from seq<>o»
whereof the Comis" for seq«<»" in the said County of Ox-
ford are to take notice and discharge the sequestracon
accordingly, this being first entered with o'^ audito'.

« E. C. R. M.

»R. W. J. V."

Cl. Hoppeb.

Minat iBoUS.

Sundial with retrograding Shadoiv. — A short
time since I had an opportunity of observing a
sundial constructed by a mathematician well
known in this city and neighbourhood (Mr. Patter-
son), on which the shadow " returned backwards "
or retrograded more than twelve degrees.

I confess that until I made the observations
which I will describe to you, I believed it to be
impossible for the shadow of an object like the
gnomon of a sundial to go backwards and forwards
at the same time, or that the shadow of one part
of the gnomon should go backwards whilst that
of another went forwards continuously, pointing out
the hour of the day. I have no longer, however,
any incredulity on that point.

The dial was on a very large scale (24 inches
by 20), thus admitting of the angles being mea-
sured with great exactness, and being firmly fixed
in its place, the retrogradation could not by any
possibility be caused by the shifting of the plane
of the dial.

My observations commenced at noon, from which
time till halfpast six in the evening, when the
shadow left the dial, I continued to observe it at
intervals of a quarter of an hour or less, carefully
drawing a line the full length of the shadow each
time I observed it, and numbering the lines to
prevent confusion or mistake.

The shadow advanced gradually towards the
east till a few minutes past two, when it became
stationary, and then began to " return back-
wards," continuing to do so till it left the dial ;
the whole angle of retrogradation being rather
more than twelve degrees.

Mr. P., in a paper containing the mathematical
construction of the dial, speaks of the retrograda-
tion as well known. It may be well known to ma-
thematicians, but I cannot think that it is generally
well known ; whilst the number of those who have
actually seen it must, I think, be small indeed.

Now, Sir, the object of my addressing you is, if
possible, to obtain from some of your very able
correspondents a popular explanation of the cause
of the " returning backwards " of the shadow. I
think, too, that the subject will be one of intense
interest to many of your readers.

Permit me also to make the following Queries :
What is known respecting the dial of Ahaz alluded
to in the Scriptures (2 Kings, xx. 10, 11.) ?

Are there in any other parts of England sun-
dials on which the shadow retrogrades or goes back-
wards, and where are they ? W. Taylok.

York.

Aged Bride and Bridegroom. — In the Dublin
Freeman's Journal (Nov. 10, 1764) is the follow-
ing entry : —

" The Banns of Matrimony have been published these
three Sundays past in the church of Dunshaghlin, in the
county of Meath, between Mr. Bagnel Bentley, tailor, of
said town, aged 97, and Mrs. Catherine Sheppard of
Skreen, aged 99 ; and the ceremonj' has been solemnised."

Abhba.

Fowling and Matrimony. — In 1667, the town
of Eastham in Massachussetts voted that every
housekeeper should kill twelve blackbirds and
three crows, which did great damage to the corn,
— a vote which was annually renewed for some
years ; and in 1695 it was farther voted that
every unmarried man in the township should kill
six blackbirds or three crows while he remained
single ; and, as a penalty for not doing it, he
should not be married until he obeyed the order.

Uneda.

Philadephia.

Mode of celebrating a Birth. — Morus, in a
Sermon preached at Charenton in 1660 on the
festival of S. John the Baptiste, from Luke i. 76 —
79,, says to his audience : —

" AUume que voudra des feux devant sa maison, et
dans les places publiques, pour se r^jouir, et pour celebrer
la naissance de S. Jean .... qui croyez-vous qui hono-
rassent le plus la naissance d'un homme ? De ceux qui
allumoient quelques pieces de bois a ce dessein par une
tradition ancienne ; ou, de ceux qui portoient son berceau
au soleil levant et I'engloutissoient, pour ainsi dire, des
rayons du soleil, par une tradition encore plus ancienne."

Does the preacher refer, in the latter part of
the extract, to old customs of the French people,
or to any other nation ? G. N.

Jews in Oxford, and Halls named after them. —

" About the year 1075, the Jews began to come much
to Oxford. After they were settled, thej' procured a
great many houses, particularly in the Parish of St.
Martin, St. Edward, and St. Aldate, and heaped up vast
wealth. Their dwellings in St. Edward's and St. Aldate's
were so considerable as to be stiled the Old and New
Jewry ; and in St. Aldate's Parish they had a Sj'nagogue,
where they had masters, and taught the Hebrew tongue,
to the great advantage of the University ; as there were
scholars that afterwards taught in Jewish houses, stiled
from thence Lombard Hall, Mossy Hall, Jacob Hall, &c.,
having their names, without doubt, from Jews to whom
they had formerly belonged." — Reliq. Heamiancs, vol. ii.
p. 663.

Fbancis Trench.

Islip Rectory.

Bonded Warehouses.-^

"It is reported, that the better to encourage Trade,
Warehouses will be built at the Government's Expence,

2»« S. VIII. Aug. 20, '59,]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

145

■where Merchants will have the Privilege of leaving any
Goods they import, without being obliged to pay the
Custom till they dispose of the same."— 7%e London
Journal, Saturday, March 2, 1722-3.

If not before known, this is an important ascer-
tained date in the history of commerce. W. P.

ahVLtnti,

The question of your correspondent (ante,
p. 84,), whether Gay was the author of " Molly
Mog," reminds me of other questions relating to
this genial and gentle poet, which may perhaps be
solved through the pages of " N, & Q," Did Gay
write "Wine?" Aaron Hill says so (Works, i.
339.), iand " Wine" is inserted among Gay's
Woi'ks in Johnson's edition of The Poets. But
Johnson, it is understood, was in no way re-
sponsible for the selection of the works therein
printed ; indeed he appears not to have known of
the insertion of " Wine," for he makes no refers
ence to it in his Life of Gay, which assuredly he
ought, and I think would have done ; for, if writ-
ten by Gay, its publication preceded that of any
other of his known works by three years, being
published in 1708, and not in 1710 as stated by
Hill.

Gay was born near Barnstaple, and educated at
the Free School in that town. Was his master,
or his master's son, or bis master's successor, the
author of A Miscellany, or New Poems on several
Occasions, by K, Luck, A.M., Master of Barn-
staple School, London (Cave), 1736 ?

The work was published by subscription, and
Alexander Pope was a subscriber for two copies.
There is no mention in it of Gay. There is, how-
ever, a poem " On Mr. Pope's Translation of
Homer," the substance of which is contained in
the two last lines : —

" Had Pope and Homer countries chang'd and date ;
So Pope had writ ; so Homer would translate."

Before I conclude I will remind your readers
that no answer has appeared to C.'s question (2"'*
S. iv. 89.), when and where was first published
Gay's Welcome from Greece ? In the notice pre-
fixed to Lord Hervey's Memoirs (p. xxiii,), Mr,
Croker expresses himself as having no doubt of
publication in 1720. This is no proof. I would
add to this inquiry, where is the MS. copy, or the
copy from which the Welcome was printed in the
" Additions to Pope's Works?" The draft, said
to be in Gay's handwriting, in the British Mu-
seum, is imperfect. Where and when was that
draft obtained ? G. T. Q.

BARON WBATISLAW S CAPTIVITY IN TURKEY.

Can you, or any of your coi'respondents, inform
me who were the Enjjlish and French ambassa-

dors at Constantinople between 1591 and 1599 ?
I have just finished translating Baron Wratislaw's
Captivity from the original Bohemian, and am
anxious to know the names of the two ambassa-
dors to whom he was greatly indebted for his
liberation.

As I believe this singular and interesting work
to be entirely unknown in England, except pos-
sibly through the medium of a most unfaithful
and disagreeable German translation, some ac-
count of it may perhaps not be unacceptable to
yourself and your readers. Baron Wenceslas Wra-
tislaw, when quite a boy, was entrusted to the
care of Herr von Kregwitz, ambassador extraor-
dinary from the Emperor Rudolph II. to Sultan
Amurath III., in the year 1591. After a very
pleasant residence in Constantinople, the ambas-
sador was detected in a treasonable correspon-
dence, and put to death. His suite spent more
than three years in various prisons, the galleys,
and the Black Tower, but were at length liber-
ated mainly through the intercession of the am-
bassadors of the English queen (Elizabeth), and
the French king (Henry IV.). Baron Wratislaw
wrote an account of his journey to Constantinople,
residence at Constantinople, captivity, and return
home, in four books, in 1599. The work relhained
in manuscript till 1777, and was republished in
1807. The German translation, which differs so
much from the original that it is scarcely to be
called a translation. Is dated 1786. The Bohemian
has long been out of print, and is very scarce. I
obtained my copy, with great difficulty, through
the kindness of Mr. Paul Aloys Klar, the editor of
the beautiful Prague annual, Libussa.

Whether I decide on publishing my own trans-
lation or not, it will be interesting to know the
names of the two ambassadors, if they can be
ascertained. A. H. Wkatislaw.

School Hall, Bury St. Edmund's.

[" Hernacher sind wir von denen Tiircken nach Galata
gef Uhret, und dem Englischen Herrn Ambassador! Uber-
antwortet worden. Der Englische Herr Ambassador, so
rait Nahmen Eduartus Berthon hiess, und ein fromiyer,
Christlicher, freundlicher, audi gelehrter .und schbner
Herr gewesen, empfing uns gar gnftdig und freundlich, lo-
giret uns unter etliche Zelten in einem Garten bey seiner
Wohnung, und liess uns allda Essen und Trincken vollaufF
vortragen." (Seidel's Denckwurdige Gesandtsmafft an
die Ottomanische Pforte, edit. Haussdorf, Gorlitz, 1711.)
The name of Wratislaw appears in this work at pp. 30.
and 34.— Ed.]

WRITERS IN THE QUARTERLY REVIEWS.

I have for some time been in the habit of
marking the names of the authors of the various
essays in the margins of my copies of the several
Quarterly Reviews.

I find, from Cockburn's Life of Jeffrey (2nd ed.,
vol. i. pp. 300, 301.), the following included in a

146

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Aug. 20. '5&,

list of contributors to the Edinburgh Review :
Malcolm Laing, Lord Melbourne, Coleridge,
Daniel Ellis, Dr. John Gordon, Robert Grant,
Thomas Campbell, Phillimore, Sir H. Parnell, and
Sir W. Napier.

In some other portion of the same work Sir H.
Davy is mentioned as having been a contributor
to the Edinburgh. And in Blachvood (vol. x.
p. 669.) it is stated that it is believed that John
Wolcot (Peter Pindar) wrote an article on the
fine arts in one of the early numbers of the
Edinburgh.

The late Justice Talfourd is always understood
to have been a contributor to the same periodical.

The object of my Query is to ascertain if any of
your readers can assist me by information of ar-
ticles contributed by any of the above writers,
more especially any by Coleridge, Thomas Camp-
bell, Sir W. Napier, Sir H. Davy, John Wolcot,
and Justice Talfourd.

I of course presume that by Coleridge is meant
Samuel Taylor — there is but one " Coleridge."
If any other of the family were meant, he should
have been distinguished by his initials. J. B.

Melbourne, Australia, IGtli May, 185P,

Cokam or Coxam House : Mr. Crewe's Wyr-
wail, Chideok or Chadwick. — Shute and Coxam
Houses in Devon are mentioned in a Diary of the
seventeenth century in connexion with the siege of
Taunton, 1644. Shute was the seat of the Poles
near Axminster. Can anyone give me informa-
tion about Cokam or Coxam? Vicars (Parliamen-
tary Chronicle, iii.82.) speaks of Mr. Crewe's house
as near to John Pole's. What was the name of
that house ? Wyrwail and Chideok are also
named in the same Diary in the same connexion.
What were these houses or places ? Vicars speaks
in the same connexion of Lord Pawlett's house
and of Mr. Arundell's, called Chadwick, which, I
suppose, is the same as Chideok. W. C.

" The Traveller." — Who is the author of a
drama called The Traveller ; or, the Marriage in
Sicily, 6vo. 1809? Z. A.

John VanLewen, M.D.— Where may I learn any
biographical particulars of Dr. John Van Lewen,
who was the son of a Dutch physician, and settled
in Ireland at the close of the seventeenth century ?
Mr. Gilbert, in his History of the City of Dublin,
vol. iii. p. 262., supplies the following informa-
tion : —

" Van Lewen studied at Leyden under Boerhaave, and
became very eminent in his profession, being the only ac-
coucheur in Dublin during the early part of the last century.
[How matters are changed in the Irish metropolis !] He
was elected President of the College of Physicians in

1734, and died at his house here [Molesworth Street] in
1736 ; his daughter Letitia, who became the wife of the
Kev. Matthew Pilkington, was well known in the last
century by her misfortunes and her writings."

Abhca.
St. Andrew's Parish, Dublin. — Why is the
parish of St. Andrew, in the city of Dublin, en-
titled to the unusual privilege of having three
churchwardens ? Is there any parallel case else-
where ? Abhba.

Illoques. — Our hare-hunters, when they view
their game, cry illope ! illope ! as the fox-hunters
cry tally-ho ! In the famous Bohe of St. Albans,
Dame Julian Berners directs them thus : —

" And yf j-our houndes chace well at your wyll :
Then thre motes shall ye blowe bothe lowde and shvll,
There one and there a nother, there he pasturyd hath ;
Then saye (Illoques, illoques) in the same path."

Is our modern phrase a corruption of this ; if
so, what -is the derivation of it ? The word oc-
curs again a few lines farther on, and in Wynkyn
de Worde's edition (1496), it is always printed in
red letters. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

London Antiquities. — From an old magazine,
published in May, 1751, I extract the follow-
ing:—

" As some boys were playing in King Henry's Yard by
East Smithfield, they observed near a gravestone some-
thing like the head of an image, and the ground being
dug up, two large stone images of curious workmanship
were found there, which by the inscription appears (s/c)
to have been there ever since Henry the Vlth's reign."

Can any London antiquary point out other re-
ferences to this discovery, and say what these
images of curious workmanship were? T. B.

" The Complete Irish Traveller." — Two 8vo.
volumes, entitled The Complete Irish Traveller,
and "illustrated with elegant copper-plates," were
published anonymously in London in the year
1788. Who was the author ? Abhba.

Dr. Samuel Pegge. — In whose possession are
the poetical MSS. of Dr. Samuel Pegge, author of
Ano7iymiana, Sfc. ^c? Mr. Pegge died in 1800,
[ob. Feb. 14, 1796.] Z. A.

Sir James Flower, Bart. (M.P. 1841-7.) —
Can any of your readers acquaint me with the
burial-place of the above-named baronet, who
died at Mill Hill, Hendon, Middlesex, May 17,
1850? His epitaph also would be acceptable.
The first baronet. Sir Charles, according to the
Gent's Mag., Feb. 1835, was buried in Aldgate
churchyard, and has probably a tomb there or a
tablet in the church. F. G.

Sir Robert Peel, Bart. (M.P. 1809-50.) — The
title and date of any publication relating to the life

2'"J S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

147

and character of the above-named distinguished
statesman, other than the under-mentioned, is re-
quested : —

Gentleman's Magazine, 1850.

IJlaekwood's Magazine, 1850.

Christian Guardian, July, 1850.

Christian Kemembrancer, vol. xx.

Memoir published by the Trustees of Sir Robert Peel's
Papers. 2 parts. London, Murray, 1856.

Sir Robert Peel, a Type of Statesmanship, by Jelinger
Symons, Esq. Longman, 1856.

Memoir by Guizot. London, Bentley, 1857.

D. F. Jarman, B.A., F. F. Statham, 13. A.,

and Wm. Brock.

In December, 1856, a prayer called the " States-
man's," attributed to Sir R. Peel, went the round
of the newspapers, but I cannot now recollect if it
was ever proved to be Sir Robert's own composi-
tion. Any light that can be thrown upon it would
be acceptable. F. G.

Occasional Forms of Prayer, when first used. —
Many very interesting lists of occasional forms of
prayer have appeared in " N". & Q." from time to
time, but I do not remember to have seen any in-
formation respecting their origin. The following
extract from Strype's Memorials ofAhp. Cranmer,
book I. ch. xxix., may throw some light upon the
subject : —

" Occasional prayers and suffrages, to be used through-
out all churches, began now [1543-4] to be more usual
than formerlj'. For these common devotions were twice
this 3'ear appointed by authority, as they had been once
the last ; which I look upon the Archbishop to be the
great instrument in procuring: that he might by this
means, by little and little, bring into use prayer in the
English tongue, which he so much desired ; and that the
people, by understanding part of their prayers, might be
the more desirous to have their whole service rendered
intelligible ; whereby God might be served with the more
seriousness and devotion."

He then goes on to specify an instance in 1543,
remarking : —

" It is not so evident that these prayers were in the
English tongue: but in the year following, viz. 1544,
there were, without controversy, certain suffrages drawn
up in the mother-tongue by the Archbishop's means;
which he intended to be universally observed every-
where."

The whole chapter, which is entitled Occasional
Forms of Prayer and Sufjfrages, may be consulted.
». Archibald Weib.

Enfield.

" Gestes of Guarine." — In Leland's Collec-
tanea, vol. i. p. 230., occur some pages of
"Things excerptid oute of an old Englisch boke yn
Rj'me of the Gestes of Guarine, and his Sunnes."

And at p. 236., the author adds —

"Here lakkid a Quayre or ii in the olde Englisch
Booke of the nobile actes of the Guarines; and these
thinges that folow I translatid owte of an olde French
Historic yn Rirae of the actes of the Guarines onto the
DeathofFulcothe2."

Is anything known of these two old " Bookes in
Rime," except what Leland has preserved ? He
has taken the heads of the story, and set them
down in a dry antiquarian way; but it would
seem that the English and the French were two
versions of the same romantic poem. In the mar-
gin of p. 237. Leland adds a reference to the
" Englisch historic " of the Fitzwarines. Does he
mean the same Englisch poem from which he had
made his excerpts, or is there any other history of
this family ?

The name, in its latter form, is appended to that
of a parish in Somersetshire (Norton Fitzwarren) ,
where there is a fine British earthwork. W. P. P.

James Stirling. — Having lately read with high
satisfaction this gentleman's Letters from the Slave
States, may I ask of what other works, if any, he
is author, &c. ? T.

Mediceval Burials, Sj-c. — I should be much ob-
liged to your correspondents for information di-
rected to me, 17. Sutton Place, Hackney, upon
mediseval burials. I want references to original
sources, such as MSS., paintings, illuminations,
&c., especially of the funerals of great pers(his.

J. C. J.

Oliver Cromicell. — One of J. Dury's letters,
dated July 22, 1654, states : —

" The weeklj' sheete of newes printed at Genoa, July
1-11, by Farroni, tells us that the L. Protector hath
changed the Great Scale of England, setting upon the
new one his owne Effigies on horse-back, with this in-
scription: ' Olivero il grand Imperatore d' Inghil- terra, di
Scotia, Hibernia e Francia : e Prottetore de protestanti, e
delle chiese rifomiate ' . . ."

Is there any corroboration of this statement ?
Another letter, dated Zurich, 30 April, 1655, gives
an account of an Irish friar reported to have a de-
sign against the Protector's life. Ithubiel.

Family of Ferrers. — Can you inform me whe-
ther William, second Lord Ferrers of Groby, who
died in 18 Edw. II., had any issue besideg Henry,
his son and heir, who succeeded him in the barony ?

Who was the Thomas de Ferrers to whom King
Edw. III. in the 9th year of his reign gave licence
to hold the manor of Caldore, of the grant of Dun-
can, Earl of Fife ? Meletes.

Mummy of a Manchester Lady. — Many years
ago I recollect seeing in the Manchester Museum
of Natural History the mummy of a female, sus-
pended in a case, with a glass door, and was told
that the figure represented a lady of the last cen-
tury, well known in Manchester, whose life estates
had been devised, after she was "dead and buried,"
to some relatives who treated her whilst living
with great unklndness. To prevent their succeed-
ing under this conditional devise of an eccentric
father or brother, she bequeathed her estates to

U8

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.

her friend, Charles White, Esq., F.R.S., the emi-
nent surgeon, along with her body, which was
embalmed, and kept by him, but never buried.
The condition of this singular devise being ful-
filled, Mr, White enjoyed the property, which
descended to his son, and the original remainder-
men dying issueless, this female benefactor of the
White family was quietly buried in the Museum
of her native town. Mr. De Quincey, when a boy
at Manchester School at the beginning of the
century, became acquainted with the mummy,
and in one of his works mentions its removal from
the case, and the body of a notorious highwayman
being substituted ! I wish to ask what portion of
truth exists in the above traditional statement,
and what are the precise facts ? F. R. R.

Hypatia and St. Catharine. — It has been often
stated that Hypatia, the celebrated Alexandrian
Neo-Platonist, whose murder is so foul a blot on
the name of St. Cyril, is the origin of the myth of
St. Catharine of Alexandria : that in fact the
memory of the beauty, the learning, and the
wrongs of the murdered philosopher clung to the
minds of the people, and that as they became
Christisn the legend of St. Catharine shaped
itself. I am anxious to know what grounds there
are for this statement. K. P. D. E.

O whar got ye that auld crooked penny. — Can
any admirer of the songs of Scotland afford any
information regarding the following ballad, which
I found in MS. amongst some old family papers,
and which, I believe, does not exist in any pub-
lished collection ? —
" 0 ! whar got ye that auld crooked penny ?

For ane o' bricht goud wad ye nifFer wi me ?

Richt fou are baith ends o' my green silken wallet.

And high are my wa's, ower in Bonny Dundee.

" 0 ! gin I saw the dear laddie that had it,
Wha, when we were bairnies twa, geid it to me,
For a' the bricht goud in j'our green silken wallet,
I never wad niffer my crooked bawbee.

" 0 1 whar got ye that auld worsted plaidie ?
A mantle o' satin is fitter for ye.
I'll dead ye in satin, and mak j'e a lad\%
Gin ye'd gang wi' me to Bonnie Dundee.

" Ye may dead me in satin and mak me a lady
And tak me ower heartless to Bonny Dundee,
But my heart neither satin nor goud can procure ye,
I sell't it lang syne for this crooked bawbee."

Yemen,
Aden, 10th July, 1859.

Buchanan Pedigree. — Geo. Buchanan, the his-
torian and poet, had five brothers and three sisters
(JBiograph. Brit., in nomen.) Were these sisters
married ? and to whom ? And are there any of
their descendants known ? James Graves.

Kilkenny.

A Bear Hunt on the Thames. — In King Ed-
ward VI.'s journal, printed in Burnet's History

of the Reformation, book il. vol. ii. p. 14., it is re-
corded by that youthful monarch that, on the
29th of May, 1549, the French ambassadors after
they had supped with the Duke of Somerset "went
into the Thames and saw both the bear hunted in
the river, and also wild- fire cast out of the boats,
and many pretty conceits." How was this appa-
rently dangerous sport managed ? Are there any
other instances on record of bear hunts upon the
Thames ? W. J. Pinks.

Thomas Talbot. — A well-carved oak press in
my possession has on one of its panels the fol-
lowing : — .

« THOMAS *

TALBOTT,

E . T . 1636."

I shall be obliged to any of your correspon-
dents who can inform me who this Thomas Tal-
bott was ? and what is intended by the letters
E . T . ? R. W.

Leominster.

Ocean Cable Telegraphs. — Could any of your
correspondents furnish me with name, date of lay-
ing, length, and cost of any of the ocean cable
telegraphs ? J. W, G, G.

Sir Charles Bawdin. — Could you give me any
information respecting Sir Chas. Bawdin, whose
death forms the subject of a ballad by the boy-
poet Chatterton ? And which is the best edition
of his works ? H. G. V n.

[The person celebrated under the name of Sir Charles
Bawdin, was probably Sir Baldewj'n Fulford, Knt., a
zealous Lancastrian, who was executed at Bristol in
the latter end of 1461, 1st Edward IV. He was attainted,
with many others, in the general act of attainder, 1 Edw.
IV., but he seems to have been executed under a special
commission for the trial of treasons, &c., within the town
of Bristol. — See The Worlis of Thomas CTiatterton, 3 vols.
8vo,, 1803, edited by Dr. Robert South ey, with Life by
Dr. G. Gregory, which is considered the best edition of
this poet's works. 3

Admiral Haddock. — In a letter of West to
Horace Walpole, dated "Temple, Dec. 31st, 1739,"
.occurs this passage : —

" Handel has had a concerto this winter. No Opera,
no nothing. All for war and Admiral Haddock."

Can your correspondents favour me with any
particulars as to the family or doings of the said
" Admiral Haddock ? " J. N. H.

[Admiral Nicholas Haddock was a worthy descendant
of an ancient Essex family residing at Leigh in that
county. He was the third and youngest son of Sir
Richard Haddock, Knt., Comptroller of the Navy, and
for some time joint-admiral of the fleet. On the 6th of
April, 1707, Nicholas being then little more than twenty
years old, was appointed Captain of Ludlow Castle. He
distinguished himself veiy conspicuously in the well-

2''<i S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

149

known action with the Spanish fleet off Sicily. On the
4th May, 1734, he was promoted to be rear-admiral of
the blue; on the 16th Dec. of the same year, rear-admiral
of the white ; and moreover on the 2d March, 1735, to be
rear-admiral of the red. In 1739, Mr. Haddock was or-
dered to make reprisals on the Spaniards, in which spe-
cies of warfare he was remarkably fortunate. On the
11th March, 1741, he was promoted to be vice-admiral of
the blue. After having attained the elevated rank of
admiral of the blue, he died on the 26th Sept. 1746, in
the 60th year of his age. — Charnock's Biographia Navalis,
iii. 383—392.]

Nevinson. — Can you give me any information
concerning a divine of the Elizabethan era of the
name of Nevinson ? Was he ever at the head of
?iny known grammar school ? or was he ever a
Cambridge don ? G. H. K.

[A reference to Cooper's most useful Athena Cantabri-
gienses makes us acquainted with two divines of this name,
viz. Christopher Nevynson, a native of Wetheral, Cum-
berland, LL.B. 1635, LL.D. 1539, who in 1547 was in a
royal commission for visiting certain dioceses, and in
1549 one of the royal visitors of Oxford ; and Stephen, his
cousin, a native of Carlisle and a Fellow of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, who was tutor to George Gascoyne the
poet, and, after holding many appointments, became
Canon of Canterbury about 1570. He died about Oc-
tober, 1580.2

Dr. Hoadly's Private Theatre (2"'» S. viii. 136.)
— In his article on "Eminent Artists who have
painted Scenes," Me. Ctjthbert Bede states, in
an extract, that Hogarth was so engaged for "Dr.
Hoadly's private theatre." I shall be glad if any
of your correspondents can give information about
this private theatre, the existence of which I dare
say many of your readers, as well as myself, now
hear of for the first time. Charles Wtlie.

[[The gentleman alluded to in Cuthbert Bede's arti-
cle is Dr. John Hoadly, the Bishop's youngest son, and
Chancellor of Winchester, who appears to have resided at
Winchester House, Chelsea. The following notice of this
mansion occurs in The History of Chelsea, by Faulkner,
8vo. 1829, p. 295. : " Upon pulling down the palace a sin-
gular discovery was made. In a small room, to the north
front, and at the north-west corner, were found on the
plaster of the walls nine figures of the size of life, viz.
three men and six women, drawn in outline with black
chalk in a bold and animated style. Of these correct
copies have been taken by an ingenious artist, who
intends to publish them. Concerning these spirited
sketches conjecture has been busy, and various are the
opinions hazarded on the subject; but. both the time
when they were draw^n, as well as the transactions to
which they allude, must ever remain in obscurity and
doubt. They display much of the manner of Hogarth,
who, it is well known, lived on intimate terms with
Bishop [?Dr.] Hoadly, and frequently visited his
Lordship [ ? ] at this palace : and it is supposed that
these figures apply to some domestic incident in the
Bishop's [ ? ] family, or to some scene in a play." Faulk-
ner has confounded the Bishop with his son. It is well
known that Dr. John Hoadly's fondness for theatrical
exhibitions was so great, that few visitors were ever long
in his house before they were solicited to accept a part in
some interlude or other. He himself, with Garrick and
Hogarth, once performed a laughable parodj' on the
scene in Julius Caesar where the ghost appears to Bru-

I tus. Hogarth personated the spectre ; but so unretentive
i was his memorj', that although his speech consisted only
\ of two lines, he was unable to get them by heart. At
[ last they hit on the following expedient in his favour.
i The verses he was to deliver were written in such large
\ letters on the outside of an illuminated paper lanthorn,
j that he could read them when he entered with it in his

hand on the stage. Hogarth painted a scene on this oc-
j casion, representing a sutling booth, with the Duck of

Cumberland's head by way of sign. He also prepared
; the play -bill, with characteristic ornaments. Vide Ho-
i garth's Works, by Nichols and Steevens, 4to., 1808, and

Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, iii. 141.]

Hanged^ drawn, and quartered. — I notice that
this sentence is found in different books to differ
slightly in form : in some we find it as above, in
others it is written '■^ drawn, hanged, and quar-
tered."

In cases of treason the sentence passed was
that the offender should be drawn at a horse's
tail to the gallows ; that he should be there hanged
by the neck ; that he should be cut down alive ;
and that, after other barbarities not necessary to
mention, his entrails should be taken out and
burnt before his face.

In this form, then, the word " drawn " must be
interpreted " embowelled." But the other form^
namely, " dratvn, hanged, and quartered " occurs
very frequently : for instance, we read in the Dis-
course of the Manner of the Discovery of the Guw
powder Ti'eason, published by authority in 1609,
that Henry Garnet was sentenced to be " drawn,
hanged, and quartered" for his participation in
that plot ; and in this form, " drawn," I suppose,
would mean the drawing on the hurdle to the
place of execution. Yet Henry Garnet was not
only drawn on a hurdle to the gallows, but was
also eviscerated ; no part of the usual sentence in
cases of treason being omitted or varied, with the
single exception (if we may accredit the official
account) of his being allowed to hang until he was
dead.

When we see, then, the words " hanged, drawn,
and quartered" to a person who has been sentenced
to death, is that the right way of expressing it ?
or should it be written " drawn, hanged, and quar-
tered ? " In other words, does the word " drawn "
mean that such person was embowelled, or that he
was drawn on a hurdle to the scaffold. W. O. W.

[With the exception of decapitation after hanging, all
the revolting practices formerly performed upon the bodies
of persons convicted of high treason are now dispensed with
by the statute 54 Geo. III. c. 146. The phrase " drawn "
originally meant that the convict should neither walk
nor be carried to the place of execution, but dragged thi-
ther. By the statute just referred to, it is enacted that
the sentence in future shall be that "the ofi'ender shall be
drawn on a hurdle," &c. A proviso is added, that after
sentence the king may by warrant, under the sign ma-
nual, direct that the traitor shall not be drawn to the
place of execution, but taken thither as may be directed.}

150

NOTES. AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON's WORKS.

(2°*S. viii. 41.)

It is seldom discreet in an author to break a
lance with his Reviewer. I certainly should not
have asked leave to reply in your columns to the
strictures of Eirionnach, had they been confined
to what I am really answerable for, which is, the
Memoir of Archbishop Leighton. There is no-
thing in those strictures uncandid or uncourteous,
— nothing unbecoming the pen of a Christian gen-
tleman ; and this is all we may fairly claim from
the literary critic.

Accordingly, I should have deemed it inexpe-
dient to bestir myself against your correspondent's
animadversions on the Memoir^ especially as I am
well aware of its many imperfections. Since its
first appearance — now between thirty and forty
years ago — I have entreated the publishers to
give me an opportunity of revising and improving
it, but, for whatever reasons, these reiterated en-
treaties have been vain.

The mistake into which Eirionnach has fallen,
and which draws this letter from me is, that he
represents me as the editor of the volumes in
which the biographical sketch first appeared.
Hence the whole mass of those grievous inaccura-
cies which disgrace the edition in question is
heaped upon my head, although I am as innocent
of them as Eirionnach himself. Not one proof-
sheet of the four volumes, with the exception of
the Memoir, ever passed under my eyes.

The case is simply as follows. A very dear
friend of mine, the late Hon. and Rev. R. L.
Melville, had promised Mr. Duncan to compile a
Life of Leighton for his projected edition of the
Works. For this, as my preface states, some new
and invaluable materials had been obtained. It
pleased God, however, that before my friend had
girded himself to the work, an illness came upon
him which obliged him to leave England, with the
prospect of being long away. He, therefore, re-
quested me to undertake the " labour of love "
which he was forced to relinquish ; and I could
not but yield to his instances, though grieved on
his own account, as well as for the public, that a
substitute had not been found more gifted than
myself with his own eminent qualifications.

Now the task which he devolved upon me was
entirely restricted to the preparation of the Me-
moir. For the faults and deficiencies of that pro-
duction I am open to your correspondent's criti-
cisms, for which there would, I think, have been
less foundation, had I been permitted to amend
and enlarge my first sketch. But, while willing
to bear my own burden, I shrink from the re-
proach of being in any degree implicated in this
slovenly and unscholarlike edition, so justly cen-
sured by Eirionnach, of the great and good pre-

late's works. I had, however, been made aware of
the existence of these blemishes; and was enabled
by a learned friend to place a long, though incom-
plete, list of them in the publisher's hands about two
years ago ; and I have reason to hope that when a
new edition issues from the press, it will bear the
marks of careful revision.

I am able to inform Eirionnach that the at-
tempt to raise a sum of money, first for the pur-
pose of restoring Leighton's tomb, and then to
support and perpetuate the schools of Horsted
Keynes, had but partial success. The first object
indeed was achieved, and there is now a monu-
ment to the revered saint in the parish church-
yard, with an inscription from the elegant pen of
the present rector. I regret to add that, after
this inexpensive work was paid for, there remained
but a trifle for the schools.

The more pleasing portrait of Leighton to which
Eirionnach alludes, is copied from an engraving
for which I was indebted to the kindness of Mr.
Perceval White, and which he satisfied me was
an authentic likeness. John N. Pearson.

Eirionnach, in his able and careful review of
the various editions of the works of the worthy
and learned Archbishop of Glasgow, seem* to
speak as if he was in doubt as to the exact title of
one of them. That referred to is in my possession,
bearing to be '■'Select Wo7'hs of Archbishop Leigh-
ton, some of which were never before printed,
To which is prefixed an Account of the Author's
Life and Character. Edinburgh, Printed for Da-
vid Wilson, and sold by him and the Booksellers
of Edinburgh and Glasgoio, mdccxlvi." 8vo. pp.
600., with twenty-three additional pages of preli-
minary matter, and a portrait in an oval inscribed
" The Most Reverend Rob'. Leighton, D.D. late
Arch-bishop of Glasgow, EtatAO, 1654, R. Strange,
Sculp" The contents of the volume (on a sepa-
rate page) are

" Some Account of the Author's Life and Character —
Eighteen Sermons — An Exposition on the Creed, Lord's
Prayer, and Ten Commandments, with Two Discourses,
and Short Catechism, In which the Errors of the former
Edition are corrected — Ten Sermons never before pub-
lished."

As this edition is seldom to be had, and as the
Preface of " the Publisher to the Reader " com-
municates a little rather interesting information
in regard to the position of some of the bishop's
printed works and certain of his MSS. at the
above date, when Wilson published, it may be
worth a reprint, as follows : —

" I here offer to your Perusal some of the Practical
Works of that eminent and worthy Divine, Dr. Robert
Leighton, viz. Eighteen Sermons, an Exposition on the
Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Ten Commandments, both
which were formerly published ; but the former Edition
of these being very scarce and but rarely' to be met with,
it was by the Desire and Advice of several judicious and

2»d s. VIII. Aug. 20. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

151

learned Gentlemen, that this new Edition was under-
taken.

" In reprinting of these, great care has been taken to
rectify several gross mistakes and errors that were in the
former Edition.

" You have also here Ten Sermons of the same Author,
never before published: Any who has read his other
pieces will easily discern them to be his, as they are wrote
with the same Spirit of Devotion and Piety which ap-
pears in the whole of his writings.

" I was favoured with the Manuscript of Nine of these
from a worthy and learned Gentleman, who saj's, as far
as he remembers, he copied them Iwith his own Hand
from the Bishop's originals about sixty years ago.

" I was obliged to another Gentleman who communi-
cated the Tenth one to me who had it in his possession,
taken from the Bishop as he delivered it.*

" I have been greatly obliged to two worthy, learned,
and judicious Ministers (?) who took the charge of cor-
recting this Work, and think myself highly indebted to
them for the Pains and Labour they took on it.

" I take this public Opportunity of returning my grate-
ful Acknowledgments and sincere Thanks to all the
Ladies and Gentlemen who have been the Encouragers of
my Undertaking. I would have printed a List of Sub-
scribers, but I thought it was a Piece of Ostentation few
are fond of.

" I have got in my Possession some more Writings of
this valuable Author, which never were pi'inted, and have
a View of procuring some others which probably may be
communicated to the Fuhliclt, along with that very de-
serving and justly esteemed Work, his Commentary on
Peter, which is now become very scarce and seldom to be
met with.

" You have prefixed to this Work a Print of the Author
for a Frontispiece, as also some Account of his Life and
Character.

" In short, no care nor pains has been spared to make
this Book as correct and beautiful as possible.

" As for the Discourses themselves of our pious and
worthy Author, I doubt not but thej^ will give full satis-
faction to every serious and impartial Reader : And their
meeting with a kind and favourable reception from the
Publick will give great Pleasure to your most humble and
most devoted Servant, David Wilson. Edinburgh, March
13, 1746."

I Lave compared a good deal of the eighteen
sermons of this edition with that (also in my pos-
session) of

" Sermons preached by Dr. Robert Leighton, late Arch-
bishop of Glasgow, Published at the desire of his Friends
after his Death, from his Papers written with his own
hand. S. John v. 35., Heb. xi. 4. London, Printed for
Sam Keble, and are to be Sold at the Great Turk's-Head
iu Fleet Street, over against Fetter-Lane -End, 1692," 8vo.
pp. 292.

And from the Address to which Eiripnnach
quotes so liberally ; but I cannot find any difl'erent
readings in the text between the two editions.
Wilson appears to me to have followed as his rule
the edition of 1692, correcting its typographical
blunders, in some places to fall into others of a
similar kind, and making such slight alterations as
" it is " for " its," &c., generally modernising the
spelling, throwing in more capitals and italics, and

* Preached before my Lord Commissioner and the Par-
liament, 14th November, 1669, John xxi. 22.

in a few cases new arranging the mode of para-
graphing. Upon the whole, I think, both editions
are creditable as books of the day, more particu-
larly in the great run of that description of reli-
gious literature published in Scotland, which was
then often in very coarse type and paper.

It may be stated that much curious information
relating to the bishop's bursaries will be found in
^^ Deeds instituting Bursaries, Scholarships, and ,
other Foundations in the College and University
of Glasgow, George Richardson, Printer to the
University, mdcccl.," 4to. pp. 299., — a work un-
derstood to have been privately printed at College
expence, and drawn up by the late Dr. William
Thomson, Professor of Medicine (see pp. 84. 91.
and 292. 296.). In the latter pages, the original
Deed of Mortification, under the bishop's hand,
dated " Bradhurst in Sussex, Aug. 1, Anno Do.
1677," is given at length from the Burgh (of Glas-
gow) Archives. Through the want of this docu-
ment, only " obtained by the kindness of the civic
authorities " at the time of the above-mentioned
publication, there formerly existed an " uncer-
tainty (on the part of the College Faculty) relative
to the conditions of tenure of Bishop Leighton's
Bursaries whichhad proved a source of annoyance."
These in " State of Bursaries in the University of
Glasgow as at 1st Nov. 1858," are represented as
"Patrons, Town Council of Glasgow, 18Z.; Patrons
present two, of whom the College select one ;
the Bursar may be continued for two or three
years in Divinity by Patrons, if he has good cer-
tificates from the Professors ; commences in Greek ;
course of Study Philosophy ; amount of Burse, £9,
4 years." " 1857," one student of " Moral Philo-
sophy," and another of " Logic." " In the ' Memo-
rabilia of the City of Glasgow, selected from the
Minute Books of the Burgh, 1588-1750' (printed
for private circulation, Glasgow, 1835), p. 305., of
date, 8 Sept. 1677, may be found a letter of thanks
addressed on this occasion to Bishop Leighton by
the Magistrates and Council."

In the foregoing deed, as well for the purposes
of learning as of charity, it is narrated in respect
to the latter

« That I, Dr. Robert Leighton, late Archbishop of Glas-
gow in Scotland, upon grave and serious considerations,
by the tenor hereof, Mortifie, dote, and appoint for ever
the soumes of money following to the ends and uses iin-
derwr'en. To witt .... Item, to the Hospitall in y« said
Burgh of Glasco, called y« Hospital of S'. Nicolas, or y«
Bishop's Hospitall, one hundr. and fifty pounds sterl. for
y« standing maintenance of two poor men yearly in y* s*
Hospitall .... v« Magistrates and Town Conseil of
Glasco or to whom they shall appoint to receit it in their
names .... to v« two poor men in y« Hospitall ....
And I hope they both will be carefull to chuse such as
upon whom that litle charity may bee best bestowed,
both in respect of their indigency and good conversation,
which is to be testified by y« Minister of y* Barony, or
some of y« Ministers of y« Burgh respective," &c.

This act of beneficence, so congenial to the

152

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2»d S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.

bishop's feelings, might also be so far thrust upon
his notice from the vicinity of the " Hospitall " to
the cathedral, the seat of his spiritual functions,
and from its lying in the way of his daily walks.
As a visible institution it has now ceased to exist,
along with the several religious fluctuations under
which it had passed. Various accounts of the
building are to be seen in the different histories
of Glasgow ; perhaps the most accurate and con-
densed is the description by " Wade, Glasgow,
1821," p. 60., as " a neat little structure of free-
stone, the interesting, although shattered, remains
of which were removed in 1 805, because they stood
in the way of opening St. Nicholas Street. They
were in the style usually denominated Gothic."

Attached to the hospital, on the northwest, was
originally a set of apartments for the accommoda-
tion of a priest, who officiated to the inmates of
the building in a small neat chapel, also con-
structed of freestone, adjoining'to the apartments
in question on the east. In McUre's time (1736) :

" The font " (he means, we suppose, a piscina or stoup
for containing holy water) was " yet to be seen, as were
also the founder's arms (three alcorns in the seed upon a
bend dexter within, a crosier behind the shield sur-
mounted of a salmon fish, with the ensign or arms of the
episcopal see, Mc Ure,'^. 67.) upon the building in several
places. The hospital was founded and provided with
every requisite for divine service about the j-ear 1450 by
Bishop Muirhead, the same who founded the Vicar's Cof-
lege. The original foundation was for twelve poor old
la3'raen and a chaplain. Its revenues are supposed to
have suffered greatly at the Reformation. By the pious
and primitive Bishop Leighton they were, however, in a
small degree augmented. In 1736 they were neverthe-
less so scanty as only to afford about 60 merks Scots
(3/. 6s. 9d. sterlg.^ to each of four brethren. An improve-
ment has since taken place ; for in 1815 ten pensioners
were on the foundation, and received 31. a j'ear each.
The Magistrates and Town Council are patrons of the
Hospital ; but they appoint a Preceptor, in whom is
vested the immediate management of its affairs."

There are no traditionary particulars connected
with the bishop while he filled the see of Glasgow
that I could ever ascertain. It is probable that
he occupied as a residence the archiepiscopal pa-
lace or castle adjacent to the cathedral, the last
portions of which were removed about 1792 as a
site for the erection of the Royal Infirmary. This
noble ancient edifice was shorn of its glory after
the Reformation, and is said to have been allowed
gradually to fall into disrepair, till it finally be-
came nearly a ruin. There are, however, evi-
dences that some years prior to the incumbency
of the bishop certain parts of it had been in a
habitable condition, meetings of the College Faculty
taking place therein, their Minutes dated " At the
Castell of Glasgow." If too lordly a dwelling-
place for the humble-minded bishop there would
be no difficulty at that period in obtaining one of
the numerous prebendary houses or manses of less
ostentation, which were so thickly planted in the
neighbourhood of the cathedral, and which may

be deemed the most in consonance with the cha»
racter of the man who was such a strict follower
of " Him who had not where to lay his head."

A new, accurate, well-printed, and reasonably-
priced edition of Leighton's Life and Works would,.
I think, be a great boon to the public. Many have
a prejudice against him, in the sectarianism of the
North, as not of "their communion," which an
acquaintance with his writings would undoubtedly
to a great extent remove. The rich, lofty, and
magnificent ideas in his Sermons, all so beautifully
traced out and applied, and combined with so
much of the intense spiritual feeling, cannot fail
to make it to be perceived that the writer's whole
mind and soul were engaged, and that while upon
earth he lived in and breathed a celestial atmo*
sphere. G. N.

HENEY SMITH, iECTUEER OF ST. CLEMENT CANES.

(1" S. iii. 222. ; vi. 129. 231. ; vii. 223.)

We believe that we are enabled to add to and
correct the accounts of this justly celebrated
divine by Dr. Fuller, and in Wood's Athence Oxo'
nienses, Nichols's Leicestershire, Brooks's Lives of
the Puritans, Chalmers's Biog. Diet, and ojher
works.

He was admitted a fellow commoner of Queen's
College, Cambridge, 17th July, 1573. As he was
not matriculated at Cambridge, the probability is
that he did not continue there long.

Fully believing his identity with Henry Smithy
matriculated at Oxford in 1575 as a member of
Lincoln College, we doubt whether he took a de-
gree at Oxford, or elsewhere. It seems that one
Henry Smith, of Hart Hall, proceeded M.A. at
Oxford, 9th July, 1579 ; and that another of the
same name and house took that degree 3rd May,
1583. Wood states the latter to have been our
Henry Smith, and describes him as of Hart HalJ,
lately of Lincoln College ; but our Henry Smith,
although he refers to his having been at a Univer-
sity, never calls himself M.A., nor do we find him
so called by his contemporaries. He indeed terras
himself Theologus, and is so described by others.
Richard Greenham, in a letter to Lord Burghley,
1587, laments that Mr. Smith had not tarried in
the University until his gifts were grown into
some more maturity, and says that neither he nor
the Lord Treasurer could obtain that favour of
his father.

In consequence of his temporary suspension by
Bishop Aylmer, he has been ranked with the
Puritans ; but he wrote well and warmly in de-
fence of the Church of England against the Brown-
ists and Barrowists.

Without the least desire to detract from Mr.
Marsden's encomium on Lord Burghley for his
successful exertions in procuring Mr. Smith's

2^-1 8. VIII. Aug. 20, '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIED

153

restoration to his lectureship, we may be allowed
to point out that his lordship's sister was the
second wife of Mr. Smith's father.

It has been said that Mr. Smith resigned his
patrimony to his younger brother. The fact that
he died many years before his father seems to
have been overlooked.

Joshua Sylvester turned Henry Smith's Latin
Sapphics and epigrams into English verse.

Mr. Collier's note (p. 100.) of his edition of
Nash's Pierce Penniless, satisfies us that it is hope-
less to expect that the English poetry of Henry
Smith can now be recovered or identified. We
marvel, however, that Mr. Collier could have
failed to recognise in silver-tongued Smith the
greatest preacher of the age. Mr. Hunter, in his
Illustrations of Shakspeare, twice refers to him.

Fuller (whom others follow) conjectured that
he died about 1600. Wood says : " This person
was in very great renown among men in fifteen
hundred ninety and three, in which year, if I mis-
take not, he died." Dr. Bliss, from the allusion
to him in Nash's Pierce Penniless, came to the
conclusion that Wood had dated his death some-
what after its occurrence. Seven of his sermons,
published in 1591, are stated to have been perused
by the author before his death. It is curious that
Fuller, who collected his works, did not see that
this was conclusive proof that he died in or before
1591. All doubt upon the subject is disposed of
by the statement in the parish register of Hus-
bands Bosworth, Leicestershire, to the effect that
Henry Smith, theologist, son of Erasmus Smith,
Esq., was buried there 4fh July, 1591. This en-
try is given in Nichols's Leicestershii'e (ii. 468.) ;
but Mr. Nichols (whose labours we can never
name without the highest respect and commenda-
tion) did not comprehend its significance, and
actually contended (p. 889. of the same volume)
that Mr. Smith must have been living in 1597,
because a work under his name appeared in that
year.

His mother was daughter of .... .

Bydd. Can any of your correspondents enable
us to fill up these blanks ?

C. H. & Thompson Coopeh.
Cambridge.

HEEBERT KNOWLES.

(2""iS. viii. 28. 55. 116.)

I recollect Herbert Knowles in my first half-
year at Richmond School. I am not able to speak
of him from personal acquaintance, for I was
much his junior ; but I may here mention a tri-
vial matter which has long lingered in my me-
mory, and which may perhaps be some slight
evidence of a retiring and meditative disposition
as characteristic at that time of the youthful bard.

Some of us were returning at dusk of evening

from the well-known field which was then our
play-ground, by the side of the river. Herbert
Knowles was walking in the contrary direction,
towards Easby, when some remark was made play-
fully by one of the scholars, about his own stand-
ing, as to Herbert liking a late and solitary walk.

After the Christmas vacation he returned not
to the school. Shortly after his death his " Lines
written in the Churchyard of Richmond, York-
shire," were printed on letter-sheet paper, and
circulated far and wide. There is, I believe, little
doubt of his having written some other pieces. I
find a memorandum of my own that " H. K. wrote
some lines which appeared in The Literary Sou-
venir for 1825."

The " Lines in Richmond Churchyard," and a
brief account of their author, may be found in
Carlisle's Grammar Schools, 1818, vol. U. p. 880.;
Quarterly Review, vol. xxi. p. 39^. ; Life of
Southey, 1850, vol. iv. pp. 221-7.; Clapperton's
Poetical Scrap-Book, 1824, p. 77.; Robinson's
Guide to Richmond, 1833, p. 60. ; Bowman's Guide
to Richmond, 1853, p. 34. ; Black's Guide to York-
shire, 1858, p. 248.

In the Saturday Mag. (vol. xvi. p. 206.) are
the following lines, to which Knowles's name is
appended. I remember having a copy of them
given to me as the production of Herbert
Knowles : —

" Forgive thy foes ; nor that alone ;
Their evil deeds with good repa}' ;
Fill those with joy who leave thee none,
And kiss the hand upi'aised to slay.

" So does the fragrant sandal bow,
In meek forgiveness to its doom ;
And o'er the axe, at every blow,
Sheds in abundance rich perfume."

In the Literary Gazette for Dec. 26, 1818, was
copied the well-known poem of Herbert Knowles,
on the " Three Tabernacles," with a notice that
the author died, aged nineteen, Sept. 17, 1818.
In the subsequent number for January 9, 1819,
appeared a " Fragment of an unfinished Poem "
by the same author, with a correction of the
former date, stating that Knowles died in April,
1818. How this is to be reconciled with the date
given by J. F. W., February 17, 1817, is beyond
the ken of F. C. H.

HOW THE LORD HIGH CHANCELLOB GOES TO
WESTMINSTER.

(2"^ S. viii. 104.)

Your legal readers will be grateful for H.'s
communication headed as above, and be glad to
receive farther information relative to forensic
ceremonies, many of which have been wholly dis-
continued, and some of which have only the sha-

154

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[^•"i S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.

dows of them left. One of these is the ceremony
on the first day of Term. The Lord Chancellor's
reception of the judges still continues, but I be-
lieve is now limited to two of the Terms. I am
not able to say what entertainment his Lordship
gives them ; but probably some dignified corre-
spondent, who has the privilege of entree, will
condescend to tell your readers whether the
" brewed wine" and " biskett wafers" now form a
part of it ? We have still the procession to West-
minster Hall, though somewhat curtailed in its
grandeur ; but I am not certain whether the
friendly greeting of the Serjeants at the door of
the Common Pleas — which "many a time and
oft" I have witnessed in the days of my youth —
still takes place, for it is many and many a year
since I was present on the occasion.

The extract given by H. shows that the manner
of the procession, " whither on horse or in coach,"
was then in a transition state ; and therefore most
probably in the reign of Charles IL, as will pre-
sently appear. But if H. would inform us the
name of the Lord Chancellor in whose family this
record exists, we should then have a better means
of confirmation.

How soon these processions began, history does
not communicate. That previously to the reign
of Queen Mary the judges were mounted on
mules we learn from Dugdale (Origines, p. 38.),
who tells us that Mr. Justice Whiddon, in 1 Mary,
" was the first of the Judges who rode to West-
minster Hall on a Horse or Gelding, for before
that time they rode on Mules."

Horses, we may presume, were henceforward
adopted for the next century ; for we find the fol-
lowing entry in Pepys's Diary (ed. 1854, vol. i.
p. 116.) on October 23, 1660 : " I met the Lord
Chancellor and all the Judges riding on horse-
back, and going to Westminster Hall, it being the
first day of Term."

And yet in January, 1673, not thirteen years
after, Roger North {Exameti, p. 56.) speaks of
the procession on horseback as the revival of an
old cuxtom, leaving one to ^nfer that there was a
much longer interval since it was practised. It is
too entertaining and picturesque to omit :^ —

" His Lordship (Lord Shaftesbury) had an early fancy,
or rather freak, the first day of the Term (when all the
ofiicers of the Law, King's Counsel and Judges, used to
wait upon the Great Seal to Westminster Hall) to make
this procession on Horseback, as in old time the way was
when Coaches were not so rife. And accordingly the
Judges were spoken to, to get Horses, as they and all the
rest did bj' borrowing or hiring, and so equipped them-
selves with black foot-cloaths in the best manner they
could : and diverse of the nobility, as usual, in compli-
ment and honour to a new Lord Chancellor, attended also
in their equipments. Upon notice in Town of this Caval-
cade, all the shew Company took their places at Win-
dows and Balconies, with the Foot Guard in the Streets,
to partake of the fine sight ; and being once settled for
the March, it moved, aa the design was, statelily along.

But when they came to straights and interruptions, for
want of gravitj' in the beasts, or too much in the riders,
there happened some curvetting, which made no little
disorder. Judge Twisden, to his great affright and the
consternation of his grave brethren, was laid along in the
dirt ; but all at length arrived safe, without loss of life or
limb in the service. This accident was enough to divert
the like frolic for the future; and the very next Term
after, they fell to their Coaches as before."

And so for two hundred years they have pro-
ceeded without change. AVhether coaches were
ever used in procession in the reigns of Elizabeth,
James I., or Charles I., and whether there was
any procession in the time of the Commonwealth,
I must leave to others to record. Edavaed Foss.

Churchill House, Dover.

MOUNT ST. MICHAEL, NORMANDT.

(2"'' S. viii. 111.)

In answer to your correspondent A. D. C, I
can refer him to the following works, in which he
will find the information he desires : —

" Histoire de la c^lfebre Abbaye du Mont Saint-Michel,
par Dom. Haynes." (This writer quitted the monastery
for the Abbey of St. Germain des Pr^s, where he died in
1651.)

" Histoire abr^g^e du Mont St.-Michel avec les Motifs
pour en faire le P^lerignage, par un Religieux de la Con-
gregation de St. Maur, in 12., Avranches, Lecourt, 1661."

" Le Voyage au Mont Saint-Michel, fait avec M.
Chamboi, fils du Gouverneur de Caen, qui fut nomme
Capitaine de deux cents jeunes gens qui furent dans le
Voj-age." M. de Saint-JMartin (the famous Abbd de Saint
Martin) fut nomme du Pelerignage. (This visit oc-
curred in 1647.)

" Voyage en Basse Normandie et Descript. Hist, du
Mont Saint-Michel, par De la Roque. Mercure de 1726
et 1733."

"Notice Hist, et Topog. du Mont Saint-Michel, de
Tombelene et d'Avranches, par M. Blondel. Edit, de
1813."

" Voyage au Mont Saint-Michel, au Mont Dol, et k la
Roche aux Fees, par La Houssaye."

" Architectural Antiquities of Normandy, by Cotman
and Turner, 1822."

" Le Mont Saint-Michel, par Charles Nodier, dans les
* Annates Romantiques,' 1825."

" Recherches sur le Mont Saint-Michel, par M. de
Gerville, 1828."

" De I'Etat Ancien et Actuel de la Bale du Mont Saint-
Michel, by I'Abb^ Manet, 1829."

" Histoire Pittoresque du Mont Saint-Michel, par Maxi-
milien Raoul, 1834."

"Le Mont Saint Michel, Sonnets, par M. Julien Tra-
vers, 1834."

" An Architectural Tour in Normandv, by Gaily
Knight."

" Du Mont Saint-Michel en peril de Mer, par M.
Maudhuy, 1835."

" Histoire du Mont Saint-Michel, par M. Desroches,
1839."

« Le Mont Saint-Michel,' par M. Ephrem Houel, 1839."

" Notice Historique sur le Mont Saint- Michel, par M.
Boudent-Godelinifere."

" Le Mont Saint Michel au peril de la Mer, par M.
Tre'butien, 1841."

2»'i S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

155

«< A Short Historical Account of Mount St. Michael, by
J. Hairbv, 1841."

Miss Costello's " Snmmer Amongst the Socages and
the Vines," contains several chapters on the Mount St.
Michael. Also, Trollope's " Summer in Brittany," 2 vols.
Bentley.

" Essai Archaeologique et Artistique sur le Mont Saint-
Michel, par M. de Clinchamp, 1842."

" Notice sur les Canons du Mont Saint-Michel, par M.
Maugan Delalande."

" Mem. des Aut. de I'Ouest, Histoire du Mont Saint-
Michel, par M. Fulgence Girard, 1843."

" Histoire et Description du Mont Saint-Michel, texte
de M. Le Hericher, Secretaire de la Societe d'Archajo-
logie d'Avranches, dessins par M. Bouet, publiees par M.
Ch. Bourdoir." (This fine work is in folio, and contains
sixteen beautiful lithographs.)

" Avranchin, Monumental et Historique, par Edouard
le Hericher," 2 vols.

" Histoire du Mont St.-Michel et de I'Ancien Diocbse
d'Avranches, par I'Abbe Dcsroches," 2 vols.

" Dix Ans de Prison au Mont Saint-Michel et h la
Citadelle de DouUens, par Martin Bernard, 1854."

An article on the " cachots" of Mont Saint-Michel, in the
New Monthly Magazine for 1855, by William Jones, F.S. A.
Poetry has also illustrated this romantic mountain : " Le
Siege (Roman de Rou), par Wace, xii. sifecle ;" " Le Prinse
du Mont Saint-Michel, par J. de Vitel, 1588;" «'Le3
Sonnets de M. Travers; " "Legende du Mont Saint-
Michel, par Madame Colet ;" " Fleurs du Midi ; Mes
Nuits, par M. Mathieu."

I have given a somewhat lengthened list of
works on the Mount St. Michael, thinking it
might interest those persons who, like myself,
have been charmed with that beautiful and ro-
mantic spot. There are, no doubt, other books
which may be found in the bibliotheque at
Avranches. W. J.

^tpXitg ta Minav €iuttltg.

Vincent Dowling, and the Parliament of Pimlico
(2"^ S. viii. 89.) — Those who, with Abhba. and
Mr. Gilbert, attach some importance to Vincent
Dowling, and to his son Vincent George Dowling,
may have no objection to be referred to the Dublin
Evening Post of June 26 and July 9, 1817, where
an interesting correspondence and controversy
with which the Dowlings are mixed up may be
found. Old Vincent Dowling repudiates his son
for appearing as evidence against Dr. Watson,
and trusts that the public may not confound him
(the Senior) with Vincent George Dowling, Jun.
In the Evening Post of July 9, 1817, the latter
vindicates his conduct in a long letter, notices the
circumstances which led to his departure from
Dublin in 1800, and alludes at some length to the
horsewhipping which he gave Peter Finnerty a
short time before. The editor of the Post, the
late Frederick William Conway, replies to Dow-
ling's letter in an editorial article. Conway had
previously given offence touV. G. Dowling by ap-
plying to him the sobriquet of " Castle Dowling."
The phrase is calculated to convey the idea that
Dowhng had been corrupted by "the Castle" —

the seat of Irish government ; but I rather think
that the editor merely meant to compare him to
Castles, who also. gave evidence on the trial of Dr.
Watson. In the papers of the day an epigram
appears, suggested by^ reading the evidence of
Castles : —

" I happily have lived to see
The fall of perjured infamy,

By British jury rare.

" And now I hope, witl\out a trope,
For peace, for plenty, and a rope.
And Castles in the air."

William John Fitz-Patrick.

The Hill Family : Abigail Hill (2""> S. viii. 9. 57.)
— In reply to Mb. D'Avenet, an'extract from a
letter of the Duchess of Marlborough, said to have
been written to Bp. Burnet, will serve to show
her connexion with the Hills : —

" You enquire into the ground of favour to the Hills. I
can only tell you that I did not know there were such
people till about 20 j'ears ago, when I was told by an
acquaintance that 1 had relations that were in want, and
that this woman was a daughter of my father's sister.
My father had in all two-and-twenty brothers and sisters,
and tho' I am very little conceited about pedigrees or
family, I know not why I should not tell j'ou that his
was reckoned a good one ; and that he had in Somerset-
shire, Kent, and St. Albans, 4000Z. a year. However, it
was not strange, that when the children were so many,
their portions were small ; and that one of them married
this Mr. Hill, who had some business in the city either
as a merchant or projector, and was some way related to
Mr. Harley, and by profession an Anabaptist. From the
time I knew their condition, I helped them every way as
much as I could, to which I had no motive but charity
and Relation, having never seen the father."

In another letter, the Duchess styles her —

" A woman that I took out of a garrett, and from a
starving condition, put her and all her family, which were
six, in ease and plenty. And the great General Hill I
bred at Dr. James's at St. Albans, and brought him by
degrees to enjoy 1800Z. a j'ear, purely by my interest,"
&c. &c. — Vide Private Correspondence of the Duchess
of Marlborough.

The History of the Doivager Duchess of Marl'
borough has the same version : —

" Our grandfather. Sir John Jenyns, had two-and-
twenty children ; by which means the estate of the family,
which was reputed to be about 4O0OZ. a year, came to be
divided into small parcels. Mrs. Hill had only 500/. to
her portion."

Again : —

" Afterwards I sent Mrs. Hill more money, and saw
her. She told me that her husband was in the same rela-
tion to 3Ir. Harley as she loas to me, but that he had never
done anything for her."

Consequently, as she was cousin to the Duchess,
her husband must have been cousin to Harley.

Ithuriel.

Tennyson's ''Enid'' (2"'* S. viii. 131.) — Pro-
bably the poet-laureate has taken his story of
" Enid" from the French metrical version of Geraint
ab Erbin (" Geraint the son of Erbin "), one of

156

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<» S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.

the Welsh Mabinogi, which has been adapted and
slightly altered by the trouveur, Chrestien de
Troyes, and entitled by him " Erec and Enide."
A translation of the original will be found in the
second volume, of Lady Charlotte Guest's Ma-
hinogion (8vo,, London, 1849). Her ladyship has
also given, in the same volume, a brief analysis of
Chrestien's version, as well as copious extracts
from it ; and intimates that the entire work was
about to be republished, under the auspices of the
Count de la Villemarque, the eminent French
antiquary. There are also German and Icelandic
versions of the same story, avowedly borrowed
from Chrestien de Troyes. )3.

Vertue's ^'■Draughts" (2"'^ S. viii. 26. 93.)— Me.
Boys was not aware that I had exhausted all the
means which the British Museum afforded. I
believe that when Mr. Leake wrote (1^' S. xi.
380.) "Vertue's Draughts,^' he did not mean
"Vertue's Engravings'* His descriptions of
crowns, though generally corresponding with the
engravings, do not always do so. Hence I feel
confident that he had seen the draughts. And
these latter are what I want to discover.

It is matter of history that Vertue travelled
over England to make drawings from tombs and
statues. It is quite evident that these drawings
from existing remains would be of infinitely more
value than his engravings, vamped up for the
booksellers. Now his drawings, on his death,
were sold by auction. Many of them went into
Lord Besborough's collection. But Lord Bes-
borough's collection is elsewhere spoken of as
having been "dispersed." Still, such valuable
remains as these could hardly be lost or destroyed.
And my impression, from Mr. Leake's papers, is,
that he had had access to them. Sh£EN.

Shooting Soldiers (2°* S. viii. 70.) — As I do
not find the Query made by A. A. on July 23,
answered in your number for August 6, I beg to
offer the following scraps of information on the
subject of military executions in Hyde Park.

I remember an upright stone in the Park near
Cumberland Gate, which was said to mark the
spot where soldiers were shot. In fact, for there
is no question about it, they stood in front of the
stone itself. When Mr. Hope's new gates were
erected, the ground was raised, and, as the stone
was firmly set in the earth, it was simply covered
over and not removed. The executions were
usually on account of repeated desertion ; — a
purely military offence met a military penalty,
and the delinquent suffered a soldier's death. In
1747, however, an exception presents itself in the
case of Serjeant Smith, who had deserted to the
French, returned, was pardoned, re-admitted to
the army, and subsequently went over to the
Pretender. In the latter service Wade captured
him. He was brought to London, tried by court-

martial, and being sentenced to be hanged, he
was marched from the Savoy, through St. James's
to Hyde Park, where he was gibbetted, and late
in the day buried. Comrades and recruits were
always present, under their respective officers, to
witness these executions.

Wearing oak-apples — not yet quite extinct —
on the 29th of May, became a military offence
under the first Georges. For a soldier to "sport"
this emblem was to manifest a love for the Stuarts
and a hatred for the House of Brunswick. As a
military offence, soldiers who ventured to show
but an oak-leaf in their fingers were flogged al-
most to death in the bloody corner of Hyde Park.
Civilians were also amenable to the law if they
thus offended on the anniversary of the Kestora-
tion. Imprisonment, whipping, and fine punished
their lingering loyalty for the helpless race. I
fancy the regular military executions at the stone
which lies near the Marble Arch commenced after
the downfall of the Stuarts, and continued till the
younger Pretender had ceased to have preten-
sions. Pepys, at all events, records the hanging
of two soldiers in the Strand, but they had been
concerned in a mutiny at Somerset House.

J. DORAN.

Greek Word (2"« S. viii. 88.) — My learned
friend, the Rev. A. S. Thelwall, Teacher of Public
Reading at King's College, London, suggests that
the Greek word required can be no other than
elxiKpivijs, which lexicographers derive from (Iki]
(splendor solis) and Kplvofiui : —

*' Impermixtus, Purus, Sincerus, Merus, Veras, Non
fucatus : item et Apertus, Manifestus, Perspicuus : et
quasi dicas rp eUjj Kpivofievot, quoniam ad splendorem
solis, i, e, TTiv eiK-qv, to, fie;u,i.y;aei'a Kal ra afny^ facile SiaxpC-
vtTM." (Steph. Thes.)

Thomas Boys.

The Greek word in question is elKlKptv-fiSf exa-
mined (say Liddell and Scott) by ike sun's light,
and so found genuine. C. W. Bingham.

Motto (2°^ S. viii. 110.) — Your correspondent
W. J. D. asks the meaning of the following motto
appended to the arms of an ancient Irish family :
" His calcabo gartos." Though, as your corre-
spondent observes, Ducange has afforded him no
assistance in the elucidation of this quaint sen-
tence, the Irish language may afford some aid.
Gartos is a latinised form of ceart (in composition
g-ceart) and the latter means a right. As the
Irish word is used, it clearly means a native Irish
right, like those of which the leabhar na g-ceart
treats. The motto therefore shows that the family
which uses it, or the family from which it may
have been taken, at some period subverted the
power and occupied the territories of some fierce
Gathelian chief or sept, and gloried in so doing.
The family referred to has escaped me. Its his-
tory may bear out my etymon. H. C. C.

-2n<i S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

157

Liberavi animam mcam (2^^ S. viii. 108.) — Is it
possible that Mr. Buckton can have overlooked
this phrase as used in the Vulgate, Ezek. iii. 19.
21., and xxxiii. 9. ? I have not the Life of Al-
derson before me ; but I should think it probable
that the learned Baron used the expression accu-
rately, in the sense of the prophet, i. e. " I have
warned you, and whatever course you may take,
at any rate I have delivered my soul ; your blood
will not be required of me" His biographer,
perhaps, has rather misapplied it, if he means it
to be equivalent to the words, " to give free vent
to the current of his thoughts," however indifferent
he might be to the graces of language.

C. W. Bingham.

There is a quotation which runs thus : " Dixi :
et salvavi animam meam." If the late Baron Al-
derson had not those words in his mind, I cannot
doubt that he intended to convey their meaning
at least, when he wrote " Liberavi animam
meam." The sentence to which I allude is fa-
miliar to me, and I have often quoted it. I be-
lieve it comes from one of the Fathers, and I
think from St. Bernard ; but at this moment I
cannot recollect its author. It is no passage of
Holy Scripture. Its meaning is, "I have spoken :
and by so doing have delivered my soul from all
responsibility, which I might have incurred by
silence." I have no doubt that it was in this
sense that Baron Alderson appended to his letter
the words " Liberavi animam meam." We are
told that he was writing to " a friend about to be
perverted." He gave him advice according to his
own ideas ; and thus, as he conceived, delivered
his own soul from the responsibility which he
might have incurred by withholding his opinion
and counsel. F. C. H.

I cannot agree with Mr. Buckton as to either
the meaning or derivation of this common phrase.
I should say that it was ordinarily used to express
that the speaker had relieved himself of his own
responsibility by speaking or bearing testimony.
Thus no doubt Baron Alderson, in writing to his
friend under the circumstances mentioned, wished
to enter his protest against the contemplated step,
careless of the precise way in which it was worded.
As to the part of the Vulgate from which it is
taken, I think there can be little doubt but that
It is Ezek. iii. 19. : —

"Si autem tu annunciaveris impio, et ille non fuerit
conversiis ab impietate sua, et a via sua impia : ipse qui-
dem in iniquitate sua morietur, tu autem animam tuam
liberasti."

This appears exactly to meet the point. The
meaning then will be, not " I have delivered my
opinion," but " I have delivered my soul."

Vebna.

Inn Signs hy Eminent Artists (2"* S. vii. 522.) —
Among the curious inn signs painted by eminent

artists, may be mentioned that of the Queen's
Head, near the corner of New Inn Lane, Epsom,
which was painted by the celebrated Harlow
while on a visit to the family of the Rev. Mr.
Thomas of Epsom. It represented the head, I be-
lieve, of Queen Caroline ; and one side of the sign
showed the face, while the other side depicted the
back of the head.

On a late visit to Epsom I found that this
whimsical sign had disappeared, and I should be
glad to know what has been its fate.

Geo. E.. Corner.

At a small tavern, situate at Cottage Green,
Camberwell, known by the sign of the " Flying
Dutchman," is a spirited and large sign, depicting
the before-mentioned celebrated racer winning
the Derby, ascribed to Herring, the proprietor of
the hostelry being alive to its value, as he removes
it in bad weather. Cam.

I'aber v. Smith (2'^'> S. viii. 87. 118.) — The
Latin Faber may have occasionally been used for
the purpose indicated by your correspondent; but
there are two reasons for doubting whether Faber
can be properly employed as an equivalent for
the name of Smith. First, because Smith has its
own latinised form, Smithus, Smitheus, Smythius.
Thus Sir Thomas Smith, the able and learned au-
thor of the tractate Dc Republica Anglorum, 1584,
appears as Smyth, Smith, Smithus, Smythius.
And, secondly, because "Faber" is bespoke, hav-
ing long since been adopted as the Latin repre-
sentative of the old French or Norman name
Fevre, Faur, which is not exactly identical with
Smith. It is thus that Faber does duty in Dio-
nysius Faber, Guido Faber, Petrus Faber ; offi-
ciating respectively for D. le Fevre, G. Fevre,
and P. Faur.

We all know *' Smith," and we all have a
great regard for him. A most excellent fellow
is " Smith," but such a Proteus ! Think of
" Smith," and twenty individuals are presented
to your mind's eye at once, — Smith the soldier.
Smith the sailor. Smith the country clergyman.
Smith the engineer in the Russian service. Smith
with whom you made acquaintance at Naples,
Smith that never goes out of London, Smith of
Cmwrlr Castle, North Wales, and your old col-
lege friend Smith. There is something nebulous
in the very name — you are mystified. The
learned Jesuit Matthew Wilson, who could not
lie concealed under the assumed name of Edward
Knott, found an effectual incognito as Nic. Smith.

Is there, then, no way in which a man bearing
the name of Smith may possess individuality and
identity ? Surely it rests with the parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Smith : and the place where the object
may best be secured is the baptismal font. If the
name of Smith be no identification, at least let the
sponsorial name be distinctive. Beware of "John"

158

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. VIII. Aug. 20. '5?.

and "William :" a man mip[ht as well be anony-
mous at once, as "John Smith" or "William
Smith." Such names are legion. Rather select
some Christian name of more rare occurrence.
Let it be Protheroe Smith, Aquila Smith, Eger-
ton Smith. In short, Horace, Sydney, Harry,
Albert, Rowland, Herbert, Frank, Hugh, Lau-
rence, Caleb, Adam, all answer the purpose of
specification : each identifies a Smith. Yet, while
securing individuality, avoid peculiarity. " Seth
Smith " is a combination which breaks the teeth.

Thomas Boys.

Ifarat at Edinburgh (2"'^ S. viii. 52. 93.) — I
have looked into several French biographies of
Marat, and find the circumstance mentioned by
all of them of his having resided for some time in
Edinburgh. The BiograpMe Universellc states
that he gave French lessons in that city in 1774 ;
where also, according to Querard {La France Lit-
teraire), he published a work in that year in the
English language, under the title of The Chains
of Slavery. An edition of this work in French
was published by the author in 1792 ; and a new
edition appeared in 1833, with a preliminary dis-
course by M. Havet, and a portrait of Marat. In
La Litterature Frangaise Coniemporaine, by MM.
Bourquelot and Maury, which is a continuation
of Querard, it is farther stated respecting Marat's
work, that —

" On a pretendu re<jemment que Les Chaines de VEs-
clavage n'^taient point, comme on I'avait era, un ouvrage
de sa composition, soit en Anglais, soit en Fran9ais,
mais line traduction faite par lui d'un Manuscrit Anglais
que lui avait ^te communique par son auteur."

Perhaps M. Havet's Discours Prelim, may
throw additional light on Marat's alleged stay in
Edinburgh, in which city itself, one would think,
where your querist resides, the best evidence
might be traced out, from contemporary news-
papers or magazines, of the information required.

J. MACRAr.

Oxford.

Ancient Localities near London (2"^ S. viii. 28.)
— Henry Thomas Riley is probably correct in
his conjecture respecting Sandford being identical
with Stamford Hill, as at Stoke Newington, which
is close to that place, there are several places
bearing that name ; i. e. Sandford Lane, Sandford
Place, &c. Possibly inquiry into the old history
of Stoke Newington may throw some light on this
subject.

An OT.D Inhabitant op the above Locality.

Titles conferred by Oliver Cromwell (2"^ S. vii.
476. ^i seq.) — A complete list of these, and none
such has yet appeared in " N. & Q.," is given in
the second volume of Noble's Memoirs of the
Cromwell Family. Mine is the Birmingham edi-
tion of 1784, and the reference is vol. ii. pp. 534.
to 544. I have already sent a Note to this effect,

but omitted to give the page; thinking, perhaps
somewhat carelessly, that no one with the book in
his hand could fail at once to find it. It may save
trouble if I add that this list concludes the second
volume, as all the editions may not be paged
alike. It may surprise some of your readers to
find that Oliver created three peers, though one
of them, Bulstrode Whitlock, seems never to have
made any use of his patent ; or rather Thurloe,
in whose hands it was to be passed, did not think
fit to pass it. This was a viscounty. The third
peerage was a barony conferred on Edmund
Duncho, a cousin of the Protector's — the title,
Baron Burnel. H. C.

Workington.

Knights made by Oliver Cromwell (2°'^ S. viii.
114.) — Sir Richard Chiverton, Lord Mayor of
London, 1657, who, as stated by your correspon-
dent R. R., was knighted by the Protector in
1653, appears to have had the honour conferred
upon him a second time, of which there is the fol-
lowing record in " The Pedigrees of Knights made
from Carolus II. to Queen Anne, by Peter Le
Neve" (Harl. MS., 5081. f. 81.): "Sir Rich-i
Chiverton, aid. Lond., knf* at Whitehall, 12 Oct.
1663." I shall be obliged to R. R. for a reference
to the first grant of this distinction by Cromwell,
and the occasion of it. h^SQ ^' ^' ^^^^^

CromwelTs Head (2°^ S. viii. 97.) — Lord Coke,
describing in October, 1754, the Florentine Gal-
lery, mentions among other curious things : —

" An head in wax of Oliver Cromwell carries on it all
the marks of a great wicked man. It bears the strongest
characteristics of boldness, steadiness, sense, penetration,
and pride. It is said to have been taken off from his
face after his death. I cannot yield to that assertion.
The muscles are strong and lively, the look is fierce and
commanding. Death sinks the features, renders all the
muscles languid, and flattens every nerve. I dare say,
the Duke of Tuscany then reigning (Ferdinand II.)
thought it an honour to ask and receive so valuable a
present. The face was certainly finished durante vita,
the succeeding times rendered the avowal of such a gift
impolitic, and the instance of so strict a personal friend-
ship shameful."

It appears from another letter that Cromwell's
skull was also exhibited at this period (1754) at a
museum of one of our Universities in England,,
for Lord Coke remarks on the Academy at Bo-
logna : —

" I could not help wishing that we had some similitude
to it in either of our English Universities. We have
there a picture galler}', but no painters; an anatomy
school, but no surgeons. We abound in trifles, and are
proud of showing Oliver CromiveU's scull. President Brad-
shaw's hat, and a Chinese pack of cards."

N. H. R.

Hastings' Trial and John Mill (2"^ S. viii. 132.)
— It is altogether a mistake to say that Mill was
present in the Commons in 1787, and in Westmin-

2- "1 S. VIII. Aug. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

159

ster Hall in 1788, on the occasion of the trial of
Warren Hastings. Mill was born in 1773, and was
a tutor in Sir J. Stuart's family ; and afterwards, in
1793 and 1794, at the college in Edinburgh. In
1798, he was a preacher, and first came to London
in 1800. It is impossible he could have been in the
gallery of the House of Commons in 1787 when
Sheridan made his great speech, for he was not in
London until many years afterwards ; and if he
had been, the judgment of a boy of fourteen
would have signified nothing.

The opinion of all the good judges was clear
and decided that Sheridan's speech in Westmin-
ster Hall was almost a failure from being over-
done, and too ambitious ; and they used to cite
Burke's praise of it as an evidence that, on things
relating to the impeachment, his mind was be-
wildered. E. C. B.

MiittXlKntaui,

MONTHLT FEtJlLLETON ON FRENCH BOOKS.

The Bihliotheque Cliarpentier is a collection of works
quite as well known now as the Aldine Classics, or as
Bohn's Standard Library. Since it was first established
it has been gradually made to Include the best produc-
tions both of modern and ancient literature ; and amongst
the various items of which it is composed we would
number especially a series of memoirs on the history of
France. Critics have already remarked frequently the
importance of French memoir literature. Beginning with
the chronicle of Gregoire de Tours, down to the volumi-
nous narrative of Saint Simon, it embraces an inexhaust-
ible fund of interesting reading : it brings before us
characters and facts with which we are more or less
intimately connected, and it throws upon the mysteries
of politics a light which we fruitlessly seek from the of-
ficial wording of state papers.

In some former communications we have already no-
ticed various reprints of French memoirs ; our object
to-day is to take up this review where we left it, and to
ofl'er a few observations on the additions lately made by
M. Charpentier to his Btbliotkeque.

I. Mimoires du Cardinal de Retz, adressis a Madame
de Caumartin, sutvis des Instructions inedites de Mazarin
relatives aux Frondeurs, nouvelle edition, revue et colla-
tionne sur le Manuscrit original, avec une Introduction, des
Notes, des E'claircissements tires des Mazarinades et un
Index, par Aim€ Champollion-Figeac. 12o, 4 vols.

The beginning of the reign of Louis XIV. is one of the
most curious periods in French history. It appears to us
full of confusion, of turmoil, of corruption both political
and social. The attempts of the nobility to destroy Riche-
lieu's work, and to reconstitute the feudal system ; the
endeavour on the part of the magistracy represented by
the parliament to arrest the encroachments of the exe-
cutive power, and to obtain on behalf of the nation some
kind of guarantee ; the intrigues of Cardinal Mazarin and
the turbulence of the Frondeurs; such are the several
causes which give to that epoch a character full of ori-
ginality. The dramatis personm who figured during its
course stand out in bold relief; they are energetic, enter-
prising, violent both in their affections and in their
hatred ; and their individuality, strongly marked, forms a
perfect contrast to the insignificant, tedious, monotonous

puppets which we see crowding the saloons of Versailles
after the majority of the king. Amongst the striking
personages of the Fronde period. Cardinal de Retz is un-
doubtedly the most prominent : unprincipled, loving in-
trigue for intrigue's sake, rather than for the results that
might accrue to him from it, gifted with abilities of the
highest order, he is as it were the hero of the civil war, ^
the star of the barricades ; and his ecclesiastical costume,
either in the galleries of the Palais Royal or the streets
of Paris, is a kind of rallying-point around which gather
together all Mazarine's enemies, whether they belong to
the aristocracy or to the more patriotic parliamentarians.
The memoirs of Cardinal de Retz are remarkable for a
variety of qualities which are seldom found combined
together, and which have secured to them a conspicuous
position amongst the masterpieces of French literature.
In the first place the Cardinal is generally verj' impar-
tial. Mazarine is the only person whom he uniformly
depreciates ; Conde, MoM, the men who were most op-
posed to him, are judged with great fairness in the me-
moirs, and their undoubted qualities put in their true
light. This sense of justice forms so striking an excep-
tion to the common tone of memoir writers that it should
be specially noticed here. It resulted, we believe, from
another merit to which Cardinal de Retz might justly
lay claim, namely, the consummate skill with which he
unravelled and explained the most difficult affairs, the
thorough acquaintance he possessed of the various co-
teries, their origin and their motives, the clear insight
he had into the defects of the government at the time
when he was called upon to plaj'^ so brilliant a part as a
political leader. We have already alluded to De Retz's
merits as a writer ; they are of no common order. His
stj'le is not that harmonious, limpid, but too polished one
which we find in Racine, Massillon, and F^nelon; it is the
picturesque idiom handled bj' La Rochefoucauld, Molifere,
and Pascal, full of originality and of real strength.

The memoirs of the Cardinal de Retz begin with the
year 1628 and end in 1655 ; that is to say twenty-four
years before the prelate's death. Of this epoch the pre-
sent editor truly remarks: "C'est I'^poque la moins
connue de I'existence du Cardinal, et elle n'est point pour
lui privee d'interet ni d'honneur. II eut toute la confi-
ance de Louis XIV., et, dans trois missions successives h
Rome, il fit, dans trois conclaves, trois Papes selon les
voeux du grand Roi." To supply the blank thus left by
the Cardinal himself, M. Champollion-Figeac has com-
piled from various official sources a kind of supplemental
notice, which completes the biography of the great Fron-
deur. The other important features of this new and
excellent edition are the following : 1°. Critical opinions
borrowed from the writings of Saint Evremond, La Roche-
foucauld, Tallemant des Re'aux, and other authors. 2'>. A
bibliographical list of various editions. 3". Copious notes ;
and 4°. An alphabetical index. The printing, paper, and
other material arrangements are unexceptionable.

II. Memoires du C/ievalier de Grammont, d'apres les
meilleures E'ditions Anglaises, accompagnSs d'uti Appendice
contenant des Extraits du Journal de Samuel Pepys et de
celui de John Evelyn sur les Faits et Personnages des Mi-
moires de Grammont, des Depeches du Comte de Comminges,
Ambassadeur Frangais a Londres, d^une Inti-oduction, de
Commmtaires, de Notes et d'un Index, par M. G. Brunet.
12".

The memoirs of Grammont are not, like those of the
Cardinal de Retz, important in a political point of view ;
but as a description of society during the seventeenth
centurv thev are full of very curious, though not always
very edifying, details. At the time when Hamilton
wrote this amusing book, the connexion between France
and England was almost closer than it is now. The re-

160

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"^ S. VIII. Aug. 20. 'o&.

volution, which terminated with tlie death of Charles I.,
had obliged many Englishmen to seek an asj'lum on the
other side of the Channel; these refugees had subse-
quently taken back with them the habits, the frivolous
tastes, and the literature of their new friends ; the policy
of Charles II. was identified with that of Louis XIV., and
the court of* London aimed at being as near as possible
an imitation of that of Versailles. Hence it is that Gram-
mont's memoirs, though originallj' written in French, are
considered by many almost as an English book ; for they
contain a description of English life and London society,
and we find there the adventures of those fair ladies who
still stare at us in the apartments of Hampton Court
from the canvass of Sir Peter Lely. We need not there-
fore dwell at any length on the merits of the present edi-
tion, except just for the purpose of stating that, like the
other work noticed above, it is got up in the most scholarly
manner.

III. Correspondance de Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy,
avec sa Famille et ses Amis (1679 — 1686), nouvelle E'dition
revue sur les Manuscrits et augmentee d'un tres grand Nom-
bre de Lettres inidites, avec wie Preface, des Notes et des
Tables, par Ludovic Lalanne. 12". vol. 5.

This is not the first time that we meet with the name
of Bussy Rabutin. We have already noticed M. Lalanne's
edition of his correspondence. The fifth volume, recently
published, contains 586 letters from the pen either of Ra-
butin himself or of some of his very numerous friends. A
great many of these documents relate to important events
in the reign of Louis XIV. Thus the mysterious poison-
ings with which the Duchesse de Bouillon, the Countess
of Soissons, and other high personages were connected,
are discussed, and difierent incidents relating to the trial
form the topic of three or four letters. Madame de Bouil-
lon's character was one which might well give rise to
suspicions against her ; but she made up by her wit what
she wanted in principle, and one of Bussy's correspond-
ents. La Rivifere, alluding to the manner in which she
had undergone her examination, says, "Je trouve que
Madame de Bouillon a soutenu son interrogatoire comme
une grande dame innocente et spirituelle." This reminds
us of the following passage in Voltaire's Siecle de Louis
XIV. : " La Reynie, I'un des presidents de la chambre
ardente, fut assez malavis^ pour demander h, la Duchesse
de Bouillon si elle avoit vu le diable. Elle repondit
qn'elle le voyoit en ce moment, qu'il etoit fort laid et fort
vilain et qu'il ^toit d^guise en conseiller d'etat."

Bussy's correspondence, however, in this as well as in
the preceding volumes, is chiefly full of complaints about
his disgrace, and of expostulations which are neither dig-
nified nor always correct. He had been, it is true, ba-
nished from court ; but his sarcastic disposition was the
cause of this. He could not resist the temptation of say-
ing a sharp or biting word ; and it is not likely that a
monarch such as Louis XIV. would allow to pass unno-
ticed and unpunished remarks which were often directed
against the most influential persons of the court. It is
rather singular that Bussy had sent to the King the MS.
of his memoirs and of his correspondence; he hoped
they would be placed before him, and we find him con-
stantly inquiring, " si le roi est content des manuscrits
que vous avez pr^sent^s de ma part h. Sa Majesty, et si
elle souhaite que je lui en envoie la suite." Now, it is
after having read these MSS. that the King said one day
to Father La Chaise, who was speaking on behalf of
Bussy Rabutin, " Savez vous bien qu'il n'a fait toute sa
vie que d&hirer tout le monde." In fact, the very me-
moirs which Bussy thought so admirably calculated to
obtain for him the favour he had lost were full of the
bitterest satire, and the President Briilart, to whom he
lent them, had felt it his duty to give him a hint in the

following gentle manner : " Je sais bien que la

verity ne connoit personne ; mais vous vivez, monsieur, et
vous avez une famille qui a et aura besoin d'amis, et nous
ne^ sommes plus au temps des philosophes. Je consens
meme a de plus fortes verites que celles que vous avez
ecrites, pourvu qu'elles ne voient k jour que cinquante ans
apres que vous ne le verrez plus."

With so honest a declaration before his eyes, if Bussy
Rabutin could still believe in the propitiatory qualities of
his memoirs, we have only to say that he had absolutely
lost all sense of what an ill-timed joke really is. At all
events he was made to suffer for it. Gustaye Masson.

Harrow-on-the-Hill.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO FURCHASB.

Particulara of Price, &e., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Gav's Poems. 3 Vols. 1773. London: or the Supplemental Volume

separately.
De Lolme ox tbe CoMsTimiox. 2nd Edition, dated between 1775 and
1781.

Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 40. St. George's Square,
Belgraye Road, S. W.

Mcjrbat's Hand-book op Tuhkbi- and Asia Minor.

Wanted by Hatchard ^ Co., 187. Piccadilly.

Tindai.e's Testament, by Tille. 4to.

Testament (Latin and English), by Redman. 4tO. 1538.

Authorised Version, by Young. 8vo. Edinb. 1633.

Authorised Version. Fol. 1811.

Cranmer's Version. 4to. 1550, and any Folios, 1539, 1540,

1541.

Bibles, Printed by Fry or Moore about 1770 to 1780.
Life of Sib John Barnard.

Common Prater, 1559. Folio, and any early editions.
Tomson's Testament, 1676, and any other Bibles and Testaments.

Wanted by Francis Pry, Cotham, Bristol.

Robert Nelson's Works Epitomized. 2 Vols. r2mo. 1715.

Christian Sacrifice. The 17th and 18th editions.
Practice op True Detotion. Any edition before

Instructions for them that come to be confirmed

Question and Answer. Any edition before 1712.

Earnest Exhortation to Housebeeprrs to set up

THE Worship of God in their Families. The Ist edition (the 2nd
was in 1702).

Whole Duty of a Christian, by way op Question

AND Answer; exactly pursuant to the Method of the Whole Duty of
Man. 1st edition. 1704.
Puttick and Simpson's Catalogue op the Collection op the Aoto-
GRAPH Letters and Historical MSS. formed by the late Francis
Moors, Esq. On fine paper, 24 plates. 1856.

Wanted by Rev. C. F. Secretan, 10. Besborough Gardens, Westminster.

Among other Papers of interest which will apijear shortly, we may
mention Dr. Rimhaiilt on Bartholomew Fair; Mr. Yeoiocll on "Molly
Mogi " a continuation of the Journal of the Siege of Quebec; conclusion
of the Stray Notes on Edmund Curll ; De Lolme and his Essay on the
Constitution, &c.

A Devonian vnU, ive believe, get any strap nwnlers o/London Labour
and London Poor, and the infoi-mation which he luants, on application to
Mr. Kewbold, 1. llohjwell Street, Strand.

T. C. Surely the lines quoted by Richardson shoiv our correspondent
that he is wrong —

" View all the canine kind with equal eyes,
I dread no mastitf, and no cur despise."

Joseph. The copper coin is simply a common Irish token.
A7iswers to other correspondents in our next.

_ "Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
iisued in .Monthly Parts. The subscription fur Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers iincludiTig the Half-
yearly Index) is Ws.id., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of Messrs. Beix and Daldy,136. Fleet Street, E.C.i to whom
allQmiiivmcKTiotii for the Editor ihould be. addressed.

2»'» S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

161

LONDON. SATURDAY, AUGUST 27. 1859.

No. 191. — CONTENTS.

NOTES ! — Gleanings for the History of Bartholomew Fair, No. 2,
by Dr. Rirabault, 161 — General Wolfe at Quebec, by J. Noble, 163 —
An Irish Junius, by S. Kedmond, 166 — Probation Lists of Merchant
Taylors' School, ^fo. 2., by C. J. Robinson, 167.

Minor Notbs: — The Skull of Robert Bruce — A Curious Advertise-
ment, March, 1717 — Books burned and whipped by the Hangman —
A novel Race — The Handel Centenaries, 167.

QUERIES: — The Red Ribbon of the Order of the Bath, by W. J.
rinks, 168.

Minor Qorries : — Editha Pope — Portrait of Archbishop King — Pro-
vincial Words: "Shim " — Last Wolf in Scotland — Bishop Murphy's
Irish MSS. — Dr. Maginn and Mr. Harrison Ainsworth — J. Ander-
son—Journal of the First Earl of Bellomont — Capt. Cobb and
Lieut.-Col. Fearon — Ballad on Sir John Eland, of Eland, co. York
-Beer and its Strength — Thomason's " Memories " — Innismurray—
Winkley Family— Dr. Donne's Seal — the Skeletons at Cuma with
Wax Heads, &c. 168.

Minor Queries with Answers : — Lady Rous — Sing si diderum —
Sir John Dan vers — Song — Blewman — Lady Capel, 171.

REPLIES: -" Molly Mog," by J. Yeowell, &c., 172 — 1 John v. 7., by
T. J. Buckton, 175.

Replies to Minor Queries ; — C. J. Hare's Orthographical Peculiari-
ties — Torture — Blodins — Qnalitied : Fansens— " Then push about
the flowing bowl "— St. Dominic— John Lord Cutts- '"The Young
Travellers, or a Visit to Oxford " — Bacon on Conversation — Biblio-
graphical Queries — Gauntlope — Etoccutum — Quotations Wanted —
Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, Bart., M.P., &c., 176.

Notes on Books, &c.

GLEANINGS FOB THE HISTORY OF BARTHOLOMEW
FAIR.
NO. II.

In glancing over Mr. Mobley's Memoirs of
the Bartholomew revels, one cannot but regret
many important omissions. If, when he under-
took the history of the Smithfield saturnalia, Mr.
MoRLEY thought it beneath him to make re-
searches among the lives and chronicles of "rogues
and vagabonds," he should have left the task to
other hands.

Among the books which Mr. Morley most
certainly ought to have seen are the two fol-
lowing, but no mention of them is to be found in
his pages : —

1. " The Wits, or Sport upon Sport : being a curioas
Collection of several Drolls and Farces acted at Bar-
tholomew Fair. 8vo. 1660."

2. " The Stroller's Pacquet Open'd, Containing Seven
Jovial Drolls, calculated for the Meridian of Bartholomew
and Southwark Fairs. 8vo. 1741."

These two little volumes are invaluable to the
historian of the fair ; and there are many other
works, perhaps equally important, unknown or
at least unmentioned by Mr. Morley. I may
name at once —

1. " Smithfield Groans, or the horrid Wickedness com-
mitted and connived at in Bartholomew Fair. (In
rhyme.) 4to. 1707."

2. « Bart'lemy Fair, or an Enquiry after Wit. 8vo.
1709."

3. " The Cloister, a Poem on Bartholomew Fair. 12mo.
1707."

4. " Judith and Holofemes, as Acted at Bartholomew
Fair. To be sold in the Booth of Lee and Harper, &c.
n. d."

5. " The Suppression of Drolls at Bartholomew Fair.
(Contained in A Pacquet from Will's. 8vo. 1701.)"

&c.

Having in my first paper given some curious
notices of actors at the Fair, I shall proceed to
name a few of the dancers, harlequins, posture-
masters, &c., either imperfectly described or
omitted in Mr. Morley's volume.

About the year 1689 a Dutch woman made
her appearance in this country :

" And when," says Granger, " she first danced and
vaulted upon the rope in London, the spectators beheld
her with pleasure mixed with pain, as she seemed every
moment in danger of breaking her neck."

She was speedily engaged for the Fair, and,
as one of the hand- bills has it, —

" You will see the famous Dutch Woman's side-capers,
upright- capers, cross-capers, and back-capers on the tight
rope. She walks too on the slack rope, which no woman
but herself can do."

Gildon says : —

" Oh, what a charming sight it was to see Madam
what d'j'e call her, the High German woman, swim it
along the stage between her two gipsy daughters ; they
skated along the ice so cleverly, you might have sworn
they were of right Dutch extraction."

This was the Dutchwoman whom the author
of the London Spy saw at a somewhat later date.
Two prints of her, by Lawson and Tempest, are
extant, one representing her dancing on a strained
rope, the other vaulting on a slack rope.

Another of Mb. MorlSy's omissions is Cad-
man, the famous " flyer " on the rope, immor-
talised by Hogarth, and who broke his neck
descending from a steeple in Shrewsbury. He
was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary Friars.
The following homely l^^es on a little tablet let
into the church wall over his grave perpetuate
the event : —

" Let this small monument record the name
Of Cadman, and to future times proclaim
How, by an attempt to fly from this high spire.
Across the Sabrine stream, he did acquire
His fatal end. 'Twas not for want of skill,
Or courage, to perform the task, he fell :
rNo, no, — a fault}' cord, being drawn too tight,
•< Hurried his soul on high to take her flight,
(.Which bid the body here beneath, good night."

Poor Cadman was a constant exhibiter at Bar-
tholomew and Southwark Fairs from 1720 to
1740, the period of his death. I have several of
his handbills, but they are too long for quotation
in the present paper.

Under the year 1688, Mb. Mobley says : —

" The most famous of the Merry Andrews of that day
was William Phillips, of whom there are several en-
gravings. It would be pleasant if we could identify this
jester with the unknown William Phillips, by whom a
tragedy was written. It was published in 1698 as ' The
Eevengeful Queen.' "

Under the following year, after attempting to

162

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.

identifjr Phillips as the hero of a poem of Prior's,
the writer goes on to say : —

" If Phillips was indeed the subject of the whipping
and the actor of the jest crystallized by Prior into coup-
lets, it is not difficult to believe that the prince of the
Merry Andrews may have been the man who, at the
same period, and under the same name, by which no
other man has been identified, is known as the writer of
two tragedies, a comedy, and the Bartholomew Fair
farce Britoiis Strike Home. If he be really their author,
the plays probably were all written for a booth to which
be was attached, since it was in the dramatic companies
that Merry Andrews served."

Now for all this there is not the slightest foun-
dation. Poor Phillips, the Merry Andrew, was
certainly innocent of the authorship of two trage-
dies, a comedy, and a farce ! Grander tells us, no
doubt upon good authority, that this Phillips was
" some time fiddler to a puppet-show, in which
capacity he held many a dialogue with Punch, in
much the same strain as he did afterwards with
the Mountebank Doctor, his master, on the stage."
He adds, which is the highest praise that can be
awarded to the subject of his notice, " This Zany
being regularly educated, had confessedly the ad-
vantage of his brethren."

William Phillips, the author of the Revengeful
Queen (a tragedy founded upon a passage in
Macbiavel's History of Florence), and perhaps of
several other plays, was a native of Ireland, and
for some years attached to the Customs in Dublin.
He was a scholar, at least, if not a successful
dramatist. He died Dec. 12, 1732. A glance at
the plays attributed to him will convince the
most sceptical that they are bona fide plays,
written for a regular theatre, and not drolls
acted in a booth.

As regards the farce J^ritons Strike Home, Me.
MoRLEY is more correct. It certainly was written
for the Fair, but unfortunately not by William
Phillips, but by Edward Philips, whose name is
printed in full in the title-page to Watts's edition
of 1739.

It is worth knowing that Kitty Clive was an
actress in the Fair, and played in this very farce :

" At the Booth of Fawkes Pinchbeck, &c. will be per-
formed Britons Strike Home; Don Superbo Hispaniola
Pistole by Mr. Cibber [Theophilus] ; Donna Americana
by Mrs. Clive, the favourite of the town ! "

Concerning Harlequin Phillips, of whom Mr.
MoRLEY merely quotes a bill, a few words ought
to have been said. Gilliland tells us, " he was
originally in the company of a Mrs. Lee, who fre-
quented Bartholomew and Southwai'k Fairs."
Chetwood informs us that " he was a pupil of the
stupendous Mr. Fawkes, and out-did his master
in naany tricks." He was the projector of the
Capel Street Theatre in Dublin, and afterwards
became the celebrated harlequin at Drury Lane
Theatre when under the management of Fleet-

WO'.d.

There are scores of Bartholomew celebrities
whose names we vainly look for in Mr. Morley's
volume — actors, mummers, tumblers, conjurors,
and exhibitors of various grades. Where is Hans
Buling and his " famous monkey " ? — William
Joy " the English Sampson"? — Francis Battalia
" the Stone Eater " ? — Topham " the Strong
Man"?— Hale " the Piper " ? — " The Auctioneer
of Moorfields " who regularly, for a series of years,
transferred his book-stall to Sinithfield-Rounds ?
— James Spiller, the original Mat o' the Mint of
the Beggar's Opera, at one time the " glory of
the Fair " ? — Higman Palatine, and Breslau,
" the surprising Juglers," &c. &c. ad infinitum.

Of the latter a capital joke is told. Being- at
Canterbury with his troop, he met with such bad
success that they were almost starved. He re-
paired to the churchwardens, and promised to
give the profits of a night's conjuration to the
poor, if the parish would pay for hiring a room,
&c. The charitable bait took, the benefit proved
a bumper, and next morning the churchwardens
waited upon the wizard to touch the receipts.
" I have already disposed of dem," said Breslau ;
" de profits were for de poor. I have kept my
promise, and given de money to my own people,
who are de poorest in dis parish ! " " Sir ! " ex-
claimed the churchwardens, " this is a trick." — " I
know it," replied the conjuror, — "I live by my
tricks!"

But what shall we say to Mr. Morley's omis-
sion of all mention of Punchinello, that most im-
portant feature of the Smithfield revels ? —
" 'Twas then, when August near was spent,
That Bat, the grilliado'd saint.
Had usher'd in his Smithfield revels,
Where Punchinelloes, popes and devils
Are by authority allowed.
To please the giddy, gaping crowd."

Hudibras Eedivivus, 1707.

Powell too, the " Puppet-show man," was a
great card at the Fair, especially when his pup-
pets played such incomparable dramas as Whit-
tington and his Cat, The Children in the Wood,
Dr. Faustus, Friar Bacon, Robin Hood and
Little John, Mother Shipton, "together with
the pleasant and comical humours of Valentini,
Nicoliui, and the tuneful warbling pig of Italian
race." No wonder that such attractions thinned
the theatres, and kept the churches empty.

Steele makes mention of "Powell's books."
If they were books of his performances, what a
treasure they would be in our day ! A representa-
tion of his puppet show is given as the frontispiece
to A Second Tale of a Tub, 1715, which would
have afforded Mr. Morley a legitimate illustra-
tion for his Memoirs. This would have been far
better than the portrait of Jacob Hall, which is
well known to be " efiigies " of somebody else.

After thus briefly pointing out a few of Mr.
Morley's shortcomings, I shall conclude (for

2°* S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

163

the present) with some notice of a celebrity, the
omission of whose name in Mr. Morlet's Memoirs
is a blemish not easily effaced, — I mean the great
Egyptian explorer Giovanni Battista Belzoni.
First a barber, next a Capuchin monk, then a
student in hydraulic science, this extraordinary
man was afterwards compelled to earn his liveli-
hood as a posture-master and " strong-man " !
Arriving in London in the year 1803, he walked
into Smithfield during Bartholomew Fair time,
where he was noticed by the master of a show,
who, it is said, thus questioned his Merry Andrew :
— " Do you see that tall looking fellow in the
midst of the crowd ? he is looking about him over
the heads of the people as if he walked upon stilts ;
go and see if he is worth our money, and ask him
if he wants a job." Away scrambled Mr. Merry-
man down the monkey's post, and, " as quick as
lightning," conducted the stranger to his master,
who being satisfied of his personal attractions,
immediately engaged, plumed, painted, and put
him up.

The late J. T. Smith, in his Book for a Rainy
Day — a charming bit of gossip — gives us an in-
teresting account of his visit, in company with a
friend, to Bartholomew Fair in 1803. After men-
tioning several subjects of interest, he goes on to
say : —

".The next object which attracted our notice was a
magnificent man, standing, as we were told, six feet six
inches and a half, independent of the heels of his shoes.
The gorgeous splendour of his Oriental dress was ren-
dered more conspicuous by an immense plume of white
feathers, which were like the noddings of an under-
taker's horse, increased in their wavy and graceful mo-
tion by the movements of the weai'er's head.

"As this extraordinary man was to perform some
wonderful feats of strength, we joined the motley throng
of spectators, at the charge of ' only threepence each,'
that being vociferated by Flockton's successor as the
price of the evening admittance.

" After he had gone through his various exhibitions
of holding great weights at arm's length, &c., the all-be-
spangled master of the show stepped forward, and stated
to the audience that if any four or five of the present
company would give, byway of encouraging the ' Young
Hercules,' alias ' the Patagonian Sampson,' sixpence a-
piece, he would carry them altogether round the booth,
in the form of a pyramid.

" With this proposition my companion and myself
closed; and after two other persons had advanced, the
fine fellow threw ofi" his velvet cap surmounted by its
princely crest, stripped himself of his other gew-gaws,
and walked most majestically, in a flesh-coloured elastic
dress, to the centre of the amphitheatre, when four chairs
were placed round him, by which my friend and I as-
cended, and after throwing our legs across his lusty
shoulders, were further requested to embrace each other,
which we no sooner did, cheek by jole, than a tall skele-
ton of a man, instead of standing upon a small wooden
ledge fastened to Sampson's girdle, in an instant leaped
on his back, with the agility of a boy who pitches him-
self upon a post too high to clear, and threw a leg over
each of our shoulders ; as for the other chap (for we could
only muster four), the Patagonian took him up in his
arms. Then, after itir. iJ/enymaw had removed the chairs,

as he had not his full complement, Sampson performed
his task with an ease of step most stately, without either
the beat of a drum, or the waving of a flag.

« I have often thought that if George Cruikshank, or
my older friend Kowlandson, had been present at this
scene of a pyramid burlesqued, their playful pencils
would have been in running motion, and I should have
been considerably out-distanced had I then off'ered the
following additional description of our clustered appear-
ance. Picture to yourself, reader, two cheesemonger,
ruddy looking men, like my friend and myself, as the
sidesmen of Hercules, and the tall, vegetable-eating,
scare-crow kind of fellow, who made but one leap to
grasp us like the bird-killing spider, and then our fourth
loving associate, the heavy dumpling in front, whoea
chops, I will answer for it, relished many an inch-thick
steak from the once far-famed Honey-lane Market, all
supported with the greatest ease by this envied and
caressed Fride of the Fair, to whose powers the fre-
quenters of Sadler's Wells also bore many a testimony."

In a note the author adds : —

" In the year 1804, Antonio Benedictus Van Assen
engraved a whole-length portrait of this Patagonian
Sampson, at the foot of which his name was thus an-
nounced, ' Giovanni Baptista Belzoni.'' This animated
production was executed at the expense of the friendly
Mr. James Parry, the justly celebrated gem and seal
engraver, of Wells Street, Oxford Street.

" After the close of Bartholomew Fair, this Patagonian
was seen at that of Edmonton, exhibiting in a field be-
hind the Bell Inn, immortalised by Cowper in his
• Johnny Gilpin ; ' and I have been assured that so late
as 1810, at Edinburgh, he was during his exhibition in
Valentine and Orson, soundly hissed for not handling
his friend, the bear, at the time of her death, in an affec-
tionate manner."

Years rolled on, and the mountebank was for-
gotten. In 1820 a deep feeling of interest was
created for a renowned Egyptian traveller, and
then many persons recognised in Giovanni Bat-
tista Belzoni the poor Italian who made his first
appearance in England at a booth in Bartholo-
mew Fair ! Edward F. Rimbaclt.

GENERAL WOLFE AT QUEBEC.

{Continued from 2"^ S. vii. 390.)

The continuation of the Officer's " Journal of
Transactions during the Siege of Quebec " would
have appeared sooner, but for the MS. having
been mislaid. With permission of the editor, it
will be completed shortly in the columns of " N. &
Q." To those readers of this periodical who have
written to me requesting me to proceed with the
publication, the above cause of delay will be suffi-
cient apology for not replying to their communi-
cations.

I beg to acknowledge the kindness of G. Gal-
loway, Esq., Inverness, in allowing me the use of
the MS. to copy for publication. J. N.

" July 19th, 1759. At 10 o'clock last night the General
came to our cantonments in order to see the shipping
pass the to-svn ; at 10 o'clock the Sunderland and Squir-

lU

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»* 8. Vm. Adg. 27. '59.

rell men-of-war with two transports passed the batterj'S ;
31 shott fired at them, none of which touched.

" Marched to escort the General, who went on board
the Sunderland in a whaleboat ; at 3 o'clock in the morn-
ing Captain Garden and Eraser's compannys with some
Kangers marched to a settlement about 7 miles up the
river above the town, to endeavour to take prisoners.
We crossed a river near it with not the proper precau-
tion ; discovered two or three straggling fellows who got
off; it seemed by the fires in the houses they had been
inhabited lately. Found a note on the door of a house
begging that we should not sett it on fire. Returned to
our cantonments by 10 o'clock at night, and on our arrival
marched with the General 4 miles back ; the same com-
niinication we came by, where we remained all night.
About 1 1 o'clock the enemy sett up the Indian hoop, and
fired small arms; most probably occasioned to a small
alarm.

" 20th. Last night the General went on board the Sun-
derland ; at eight o'clock this morning marched to our
cantonments ; on our way we took a Canadian and his
boy about 12 years old prisoners ; one of our men fired at
him, and notwithstanding his seeing it impossible to es-
cape, being surrounded by 100 men, he returned the fire,
and killed the soldier, a Highlander belonging to Capt.
Fraser's company. It was with great difficulty his life was
suffered from the fury of the men who were exasperated
at the scoundrel's action. He seemed to know little ex-
cepting the haunts of the straggling inhabitants.

"20th. This evening an intelligent deserter from the
enemy confirms that the 13th curt. 1500 men having
crossed the river in order to attack our battery and post,
but on landing a false alarm made them fire on each
other ; two Canadians were killed, the Indians fled then,
and the detachment returned without presuming to look
at one of our sentinels.

"21st. Rainy weather; marched to escort Admiral
Holmes to Capt. Goram's post, being 2 miles from our
post. He greatly difficulted how to get on board the
shipping as they lay 6 miles above Goram's.

" Arrived the General from on board the Sundei'land,
who informed us he had ordered Colonel Carleton to land
at Point au Tramble with Amherst's and Fraser's Grena-
diers, and a small detachment of the 3rd B. of R. Ameri-
cans, which order was put in execution at daybreak in
the morning of the 22nd. They were opposed by some
Canadians and Indians, who gave way soon. Fraser's
Grenadiers pursued too far, killing two Indians, and ob-
liging the remainder to flj', leaving everything behind.
Major Prevost, L" M<'Doawel, and one volunteer wounded,
with 14 men killed.

" Made a Jesuit, a militia officer, and some peasants,
with 150 ladys prisoners. Among which is the Mar-
quis de Beauport. Remained at Goram's post this
night.

" Two soldiers of Capt. Simon Fraser's Coy. wounded by
a pistol accidentally firing.

" 22nd, Marched from Goram's post as an escort to the
General; on our return to our cantonments received
orders of marching. At night the town much bombarded,
set on fire, and burnt the most of the night. The enemy
fired during the night a good many shot and shell ; two
ships, endevouring to pass the batterys sustained most of
the fire, was obliged to set back with contrary winds,
without which they could pass.

" The ladj-s taken yesterday returned this day ; Capt.
Smith, Aide de Camp to Gen. Wolfe, not politely used by
the French in town.

"23rd. Remained in our cantonments all day under
orders for marching ; detained for want of a guide. At 1
o'clock this night marched the whole detachment of
Light Infantry, with 30 Rangers, under the command of

Major Dalling. At the time of our departure the town
sett on fire, and burnt most of the night.

" 25th. Arrived this morning on the lower settlements
of the north side, the River en Chemin, Capt. Fraser's
Co. having the van. Seized about 300, including men,
women and children, 150 head of cattle, some horses, and
several sheep. When we came near camp the above
forage was forwarded with Capt. Delaune's Company, as
also the prisoners.

" Major Dalling marched to Capt. Goram's house,
where the detachment took post till further orders.

" 26. Marched from last night's post to our canton-
ments, where we were informed of Capt. Delaune's send-
ing last night a corporal and six men with orders to
Major Dalling, who were attacked on the communication
by twenty Canadians (as the corporal said). One Rigbj-,
our surgeon's mate, who accompanied the corporal's party
was kill'd with 2 men, 3 taken prisoners, only one es-
caped with the corporal, who confirmed the above, as
also that on returning the corporal killed one of the Ca-
nadians.

" Three of the prisoners escaped from Capt. Delaune's
Co. of those taken and sent to camp, recommended to the
particular case of the captain,

" The evening of the 24th curt. Colonel Fraser set out
with 300 men of his regt. to take prisoners, and bring
in cattle; as they were marching some miles east of
Beaumont, they were fired on by one man onl}' (as is
said) which wounded the Colonel in the thigh, and broke
Capt. McPherson's arm.

"After arriving in camp we learnt that the Colonel's
van guard was fired on before day, who, according to or-
ders, retired into the wood, and he stepping to some small
eminence to give directions to a part of his detachment
to move on in a manner formerly directed, his voice mak-
ing it known to the enemy where the commanding offi-
cer stood, three of them directed their fire up the way,
which wounded the Colonel and Capt. McPherson in the
right thighs.

" 27th. Remained in cantonments all day ; nothing
done in camp. In the night the enemy set down one fire
raft containing one hundred stages, lined with combusti-
bles (did no harm).

" 28th. A deserter from the enemy to the westward of
Montmorency ; little intelligence.

" Extreme hot weather ; 13 companys under orders all
day ; it was supposed they were to cross Montmorency
Falls, and attack a redoubt ; nothing was done. Capt.
Ross and Lt. Nairn of Colonel Eraser's Regt. fought a
duel this morning, very much to the discredit of the
former.

" 30th. Morning Intelligence. A deserter from one of the
grenadier cos. on the Island of Orleans going over to the
enemy is the reason nothing was done yesterday.

" 30th. A landing was to be endeavoured the 29th,
consisting of two regts. from Point Levj', and 13 cos.
grenadiers from Orleans, under cover of the fire of two
frigates running on shore at high Avater, which time of
the two regts. landing, the troops on the north shore

were to cross Montmorency Falls, Webb's regt. to

march along the south shore the length of Goram's, and
return in the evening to their former post. The reason
of which designing to draw the attention to the quarter.
Major Dalling's Light Infantry and Rangers to remain at
their posts. Posted this night by the battery as usual.

"31st. At 12 o'clock this day, two catts with 6-poun-
ders (in place of the supposed frigates) ran on shore, at
which time the troops embarked in floats and in boats;
the many motions made by them gave the enemy time
to assemble there in force where an attack was most pro-
bable. The two catts and the battery to the eastward
of Montmorency continued firing till about five o'clock

2°'! S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

165

evening, when the 13 cos. Grenadiers from Orleans and
the 2 regts. from Point Levy landed on the beach, at
■which time the Montmorency troops crossed below the
Falls, it being low water. The Grenadiers formed, and
-marched up to attack the intrenchment, but by the
steepness of a hill directly above them it was found im-
practicable, sustained a heavy fire for some minutes with-
out their firing a shot, being obliged to retire. Amherst's
and the Highlanders covered their retreat, which was
done in good order, and without confusion, carrying off
the wounded. The troops to the eastward of Montmo-
rency returned to their camp with Eraser's regt., the
Grenadiers to Orleans, and Amherst's to Point Levy. As
the ships could not be got off there was a necessity of
burning them. Killed, 38 ; wounded, 62 ; missing, 1.

" Faints made. Brigadier Murray commanded Anstru-
ther's regt. and a body of Light Infantry, with orders to
move on as if intending to cross above the aforesaid Falls,
and if possible to effect it ; and Colonel Burton with
Webb's regt. marched along the southern shore in order
to draw the attentioyi of the enemy their way.

"August 1st, 1759. The weather continues to be very
hot ; little done ; posted in a picquetted orchard.

" 2nd. Weather as yesterday. By this day's orders it
appears that the General is not very well satisfied with
the manner the Granadiers attacked, as they went on
with too great precipitation, also before the troops from
the eastward of Montmorency could form to support
them. Advanced in so great a hurry that it was impos-
sible to preserve silence or method, nor pay proper re-
gard to the directions given them by their commanding
officers, which is the very essence of military discipline.
We took possession of a redoubt and a 5 gun battery at
the foot of the precipice, but was obliged to abandon it
without nailing the cannon.

" Some imputes this, as follows, to be the reason of the
Granadiers' mistake, viz. that the sailors who landed
them huzzaed that the Granadiers from Orleans and Mont-
morency had joined. And that a certain captain ordered
his drummers to beat the. march without the desire of
the Commanding Officer, which occasioned the miscar-
riage of the daj'. A flag of truce from town with a very
antick letter from the French governor relating the pri-
soners taken at Montmorency. Also a very intelligent
deserter from the enemy to the westward of Montmo-
rency.

" By intelligence from Admiral Holms, a large body of
the enemy are above the town, and is supposed means to
-cross. This night posted as the former.

"3rd. The weather continues hot; little done; re-
mained at our post this night in order to march in the
morning.

" 4th. Marched at two o'clock this morning from our
•cantonments to Village de Coulenr, where we arrived by
break of day : surrounded several houses, found no per-
son. About 8 o'clock saw a few Cannadians and Indians,
but could not come up with them. Drove horses, cows,
and sheep to camp. On our arrival in camp, was in-
formed of a flag of truce from town with letters for the
French prisoners, which is said were all returned un-
opened. Received orders to hold ourselves in readiness
to march against to-morrow's evening with the 15th regt.
and 200 Marines, under the command of Brigadier-Gen.
Murraj'.

" 5th. All this day under orders of marching. At
twelve o'clock this night marched with the 15th regt. and
200 marines to Goram's post, where we remained from 10
o'clock in the morning to 6 o'clock evening of the 6th
inst. On the beach waiting the return of flat -bottomed
boats, which did not arrive for fear of being discovered,
as our embarkation was to be made with the greatest
«ecresy ; when we thought we were liable to be discovered

we drew off from the beach, and took position some
houses about a mile west of Goram's post.

" 6th. Marched from last night's posts, and crossed the
River Else' Chemin with the 15th regt. and 20O Marines :
about one hour thereafter, embarked on board the Sun-
derland man-of-war, and the remaining part of the troops
distributed to the different vessels proportionate to the
vessels' accomodation, where the whole remained all
night.

" 7th. Remained on board the Sunderland man-of-war
till three o'clock this evening, when Capt. Simon Fraser's
CO. of Light Infantry were ordered to be embarked on
board the sloop Good Intent. A fine open country on
both sides the river, 18 leagues above or west of the
town. At twelve o'clock this night were ordered to be
ready to embark on board the flat-bottomed boats ; coun-
ter-ordered at two o'clock in the morning of the 8th inst.

" Sth. This morning by 10 o'clock were ordered to em-
bark on board our boats (it being tide of flood) to attempt
a landing on the north shore opposite to the church of
Poin au Tremble. The disposition of our landing was
that Major Balling's Light Infantry (being but 3 cos.)
should lead and land first. The Marines to bring up the
rear of the 15th regt. When the signal was made (which
was a wave of the brigadier's hat) a reef of rocks ahead
rendered it impossible to row directly in : Capt. Simon
Fraser ordered two boats to row a little to the left, which
was followed by the boat in which he was, containing
the remaining part of the company belonging to him,
who got clear of the rocks, pushed directly in_, and landed.
We drew up on the beach opposite to a body of the
enemy posted in a copse in our front. Capt. Fraser dis-
covering another body on our left, besides several smaller
parties moving between the copse and the houses of the
village Point au Tremble, he thought it imprudent to
begin an attack before some more men were landed. He
therefore cry'd to Brigadr. Murray (whose boat was then
near our shore) to order more men to land. On which
the Brigadr. landed along with his Brigade Major (Mait-
land), Colonel Carleton, and Capt. Stobo, seeming dis-
satisfied with the slowness of the other two companys at
landing, unfairly attributing the cause to shyness, when
in reality it was owing to two boats running on the reef of
rocks formerly mentioned. So soon as the boats floated
Capt. De Laune pushed in, landing where Capt. Fraser's co.
were drawn up, but as the difference of time twixt Capt.
Fraser's landing and Capt. Delaune's were about 16 mi-
nutes, most of the former company were three feet deep in
water, being tide of flood, which damaged part of their
amunition. Another great obstacle which disconcerted
the Brigadr., that the boats in which the remaining part
of the troops were embarked must row against tide, in
consideration of which the General thought proper to
order a retreat to be beat; the two companys drew off,
reembarked in their respective boats without much con-
fusion, but sustained part of the enemy's fire.

" After drawing off from shore, the General ordered the
killed and wounded on board a sloop who was exchang-
ing some shot with one of the enemy's floating batteries.
As also the dry amunition to be proportionably divided,
and the whole to prepare for a second attack, in the same
order as the former. We accordingly rowed in shore, but
we found all the copse better lined than formerly, and
from our boats could discover a considerable body of the
enemy behind a church, another body on a road about
500 yards from thence, and those in the copse as formerly.
The whole appear'd formidable, as an officer on horse-
back went from one body to another, viz. that posted on
the beach, the other on the road, and the one posted by
the church aforesaid to deliver orders (as may be sup-
posed). However, Major Dalling pursued the directions
given him : when we came within gun-shot of the enemy,

166

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'i S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.

they gave us so heavy a fire of musketrj' that our land-
ing was impracticable, besides, nor could our sailors stand
by their oars for some minutes. Upon seeing the boats
wherein the regts. were embarked pulled about, the sol-
diers seized the oars, backed water, and drew off from the
fire. We learnt that upon the General's seeing these
large bodj's of the enemy in the village, he ordered the
retreat to be beat, which we did not hear, being under the
fire of the enemy. On this repulse, the whole of the
troops reembarked on board their respective ships. The
following is an account of the killed and wounded of the
three companys of Light Infantry : 10 ofiicers wounded ;
36 privates wounded, and 26 killed.

"N.B. Also 10 sailors killed and wounded belonging
to the Sunderland man-of-war."

J. Noble.

Invemess.

AN IRISH JUNIUS.

I Lave a pamphlet of rather a curious descrip-
tion, which I think " a Note of" may perhaps be
recorded in "N. & Q." It is an Svo.'^of 121 pages,
the following being the title and imprint : —

" The Arguments of the Gentlemen who were of
Council for Joseph Cavendish, on his Trial for publishing

a Libel against the late Lord T n, together with the

Letters that appeared in the General Evening Post, under
the Signature of Junius, Junius Secundus, and Junius
Hihernicus. Dublin : printed in the Year m.dcc.i.xxxiii."

It appears, by a short " advertisement," that
Mr. Cavendish was the then printer of the General
Evening Post (Dublin newspaper) ; and, in 1782,
a letter signed "Gracchus" appeared in that

paper, accusing Lord T of partiality in his

decisions, and for this the printer was tried. The
afiair was a political one, and the " arguments of
the two gentlemen" were speeches, very powerful
and eloquent, on behalf of the defence ; but this
is not the interesting portion of the publication.
The letters alluded to are what I consider worthy
of remark, and a note on a fly-leaf at the end.
There were several blanks, which have been filled
up by a pen. In the same hand as the note, —
which is an extremely neat small hand, very clear,
and approaching to feminine. It appears Lord

T was " Tractor," and was a judge of one of

the Irish superior courts. The names of the per-
sons to whom the letters were addressed were
in Initial, but filled up by the same hand and the
same Ink. The first letter Is addressed to the
Right Hon. Baron Power, signed " Junius Secun-
dus," dated 28th May, 1781. The second to
"Frederick, Earl of Carlisle," with the above
signature, dated 26th June, 1781. The third
to the Right Hon. Henry Flood ; same signature,
date Dec. 10th, 1781. (That Henry Flood, the
person whom Valeat Quantum, In " N. & Q."
(2"^ S. vill. 101.) tries to make the world believe
was the real Junius of undiscoverable Identity.)
There are two other letters by the same hand,
addressed to Mr. Flood. The next is a letter ad-

dressed " to the volunteer corps who met at Dun-
gannon on Friday the 15th February, 1782 ;" and
another to the same by " Junius Secundus," dated
10th March, 1782. Then come two more letters
to Henry Flood, between that and Nov. 1782.
The next letter is addressed to the Right Hon.
Henry Grattan, 26th Dec. 1782, signed "Junius."
The next Is a letter to Lord Tracton, signed
" Junius HIbernicus ; " and on the margin of the
first and last pages of that letter are the follow-
ing manuscript notes : — The writer of the letter
says to his lordship : " Your taste for Mr. Shake-
spear — that pretty poet, to use your own words."
Here Is the note on that : —

" Mr. Yelverton, when at the bar, having, in illustrat-
ing a passage, cited our immortal bard, he was inter-
rupted by Lord Tracton, saying ' Mr. Shakespeare was a

pretty poet.' Lord Y '— communicated this to Mr.

Egan, from whom I had it. — W. A."

On the last margin this Is the note : —

" The publication of this letter affected Lord Tracton
to the last degree. He suspected Hoan to be the writer,
and was confirmed in that opinion when H. refused
taking an oath that Lord Tracton tendered him upon the
occasion, as Mr. Egan informed me. — W. A."

There are three other letters ; one addressed to
Lord Tracton, one to the Earl of Shannon^ and
one to Lord Libel (Tracton, I suppose), signed
j "Junius HIbernicus," between July, 1781, and
Nov. 1782. These documents are written with
power, and In a masterly style. There wei-e few
Important personages of the day that are not
alluded to In the letters. The freedom of the
press and many other topics are discussed with a
boldness that astonishes one, when one remembers
what Ireland was at that historical and interesting
period. The following Is the note on the back
fly-leaf of the work : —

" These letters were all written at the time they bear
date by William Fletcher, Esq. (now 4th J. in C. P.),
and my much valued friend John Egan, Esq. The
former wrote under the signature 'Junius Secundus,' and
the latter under that of ' Junius Hibemicus.' Mr. Egan
was furnished with the particulars respecting the late
Mat Parker (as he informed me) by the present Richard
Viscount Longville, as set forth in the preceding letter.

" W. Adams.

« Dublin, December, 1809."

Perhaps the above note may be Interesting to
Irishmen of the present day, and It is a pleasant
thing to have such a publication as " N. & Q.,"
which acts as a sort of mirror whereby we can see
through times past. Qu. Was John Egan the
renowned Irish barrister and M.P. who was called
"Bully Egan"? And, if so, why was he called
by that name ? I understand this pamphlet is
very scarce — is It so ? S. Redmond*

Liverpool.

2'«i S. VIII. A.UG. 27. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

167

PKOBATION riSTS OF MERCHANT TAYLORS SCHOOL.
NO. II.

(2'"' S. viii. 45-6.)

I send another batch of names, with a hope of
eliciting further information than I possess re-
specting their owners. My best thanks are due
to Messrs. Cooper for the valuable aid which they
have kindly afforded me : —

57. Jacob Chamberlain, bom 1598.

58. Lawrence Roe, b. 1593.

59. Richard Roe, b. Dec. 1596.

CO. Abraham") fb. April 1, 159G.

f.l. Peter VChamberlaine, ■{ h. IGOl.
62. Younge j (b. 1601.

(The first two were eminent London merchants ; the
last, I expect, was of a different family.)
G3. James ) yt^Au^^tt- f h. 1596.

64. Richard I ^^^'l''^^*^"' jb. 1599.

65. Christopher Abde3'. (No date given.)

(No doubt a member of the Essex family of that
name.)
G6. Ricbard Kidder, b. Mar. 7, 1601.
(Was he father of the Bishop ?)

67. Thomas Chevnev, b. Mar. 21, 1597.

68. James Skelton, b. July 20, 1600.

69. John Withers, b. Oct. 10, 1602.

70. Rowland Wj'nne, b. Nov. 27, 1607.
(Probably of Nostell Priorj', Yorkshire.)

71. Ralph Holland, b. Oct. 24, 1602.

72. Daniel Harecourt, b. Sep. 14, 1605.

73. Nath. Micklethwait, b. April 19, 1612.

74. Gabriel Tomlinson, b. May 20, 1613.

75. Geo. Fuller. (No date.)

76. Walter Sheldon, b. 1634.

77. Christopher Cope, b. 1634.

(Perhaps ancestor of the baronets of that name.)

78. George Throckmorton, b. 1632.

79. John Wickliff, b. 1632.

80. Philip Nevill, b. 1638.

81. Nath. Langhorn, b. 1638.

82. Benj. Chandler, b. 1647.

83. Peter Neve, b. Jan. 21, 1660.

(Norroy-King. First President of the Society of
Antiquaries, d. 1729.)

84. Charles Cranmer, b. 1660.

(Probably a member of the Archbishop's family.)

85. Roger Burgoin, b. 1659.

(Clerk of the Warrants, Court of Chancery.)

86. William Beckford, b. 1658.

87. Thomas Hearne, b. 1666.
-88. Randolph Stracey, b. 1664.

(Comptroller and Town Clerk of London.)
■89. Thomas Canninge, b. July 26, 1640.

90. Samuel Trevillian, b. 1644.

91. Sir Jemmet Raymond. (No date.)

(He was son of Sir Jonathan R., and was knighted
May 1, 1680, when his father was Sheriff of
London.)
S2. Charles Coningsby, b. 1668.
d3. Beardmore Brereton, b. 1667.
91. Sheldon Mervin, b. 1666.
95. Walter* -,„,,„„ fb. 1663.
1)6. George) '^^'^°" lb. 1661.
•97. Moses Jermyn, b. 1667.

98. Randolph Knife, b. 1666.

(Afterwards Alderman and Sheriff of London.)

99. Peter Gleane, b. 1666.

(Probably son of Sir Peter Gleane, M.P. for Nor-
wich, 1628.)

100. Benjamin Cudworth, b. Jan. 1671.

101. Marmaduke Allington, b. 1671.

(? Afterwards M.P. for Agmondesham.)

102. Edward Leneve, b. 1669.

103. Arthur Evelyn, b. Sep. 1671.

104. William Massingbeard, b. 1677.

(Probably Sir W. M., baronet, M.P. for Lincoln-
shire.)

105. Christopher Anstey, b. 1680.

106. Jeremiah Bentham, b. Aug. 15, 1683.
(Perhaps father of the Economist.)

107. Brabazon Aylmer, b. May 19, 1683.

108. Francis Fortescue, b. Oct. 4, 1683.

(Perhaps Sir Fra. F., Bart, of Salden, co. Bucks.

109. Luke |-v,p,, „ (b. 1684.

110. Edward P^'^^""^^'^^ {b. 1683.
(Sons of the poet, Drj-den's antagonist.)

C. J. Robinson.
28. Gordon Street.

Minav JJatcS.

The Skull of Robert Bruce. — The notice in
your June number of Cromwell's head reminds
me of a circumstance which occurred to myself
nearly forty years ago, concerning the head of
another very eminent prince. The Abbey Church
at Durafernline, belonging to the crown, was at
that time undergoing extensive repairs. It was
known that Robert the Bruce and his queen were
interred there, and in the course of the excava-
tions the remains, which had been carefully de-
scribed in a contemporary record, were easily
identified. At that period the Phrenological So-
ciety of Edinburgh was in full activity, and, on
hearing of the discovery of these remains, they
applied to the crown for permission to examine
Bruce's skull. This was granted, and the skull
was transmitted to Edinburgh. Having occasion
to call at the Exchequer Chambers, I was sur-
prised to observe on a large table covered with
green cloth a human skull, and from deference to
royalty, I suppose, no other article was suffered to
be deposited on the table. The gentleman occu-
pying the chamber assured me it was the skull of
Bruce, and allowed me to handle it. Being no
believer in phrenology, I can say nothing as to its
developement, &c. AH that I remember indeed
at this distance of time is that it was very regu-
larly formed^ but whether materially different from
common-place crania I cannot tell, as it is the only
one I ever had in my hands. I understood that
it was retransmitted to its former resting-place,
and was told at the time that the workman em-
ployed did his part so conscientiously that, on
fastening down the royal remains with pitch, he
exclaimed, " My certy, he will hae sic a job to
win away when the trumpet sounds." T.

A Curious Advertisement, March, 1717.

"Denham Buildings, in Scotland Yard, Whitehall, are
built in different Apartments, with several Stair Cases,
after the same Manner as the Inns of Court, where there

168

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s, VIII. Aug. 27. '59.

are Rooms and Apartments to be Lett, from whence you
may walk clean to Church in the worst Weather. In-
quire at Will's Coffee House, Whitehall."

These buildings, I believe, are now pulled down,
though standing about the beginning of the pre-
sent century. 'W, p.

Booh burned and whipped hy the Hangman.
—The correspondents of "N. & Q." have from
time to time furnished lists of books burned by
the hangman. I am enabled to add the following
from the pages of The Historical Magazine and
Notes and Queries of Amei'ica : —

" A pamphlet, called The Monster of Monsters, printed
in Boston in 1754, was ordered by the General Court of
Massachusetts Bay, 'to be burnt by the hands of the
common hangman in King Street, Boston.'" — Vol. iii.
p. 89. March, 1859.

In the Connecticut Gazette for Nov. 29th, 1755,
printed at New Haven, I find the following ac-
count : —

" Milford (in Connecticut),
Nov. 21, 1755.
" After perusing a false and scurrilous letter, printed at
New York, signed Edioard Cole, it was tho't proper that
the same should be publicly whipt, as tending to beget
111 Will, and brushing a Disunion in the several Govern-
ments in America, the contrary of which at this Time and
present Situation of our Affairs is much wanted : Accord-
ingly it was here, at 4 of the clock this Afternoon, after
proper notice by beat of Drum, publicly whipt, according
to Moses' Law, Forty stripes save one, by the common
whipper, and then burnt. . . . ' .
"J. W.
Middletown, Ct., 1859.'
(Vol. iii. p. 121., April, 1859.)

Edward Peacock.
The Manor, Bottesford, Brigg.

A Novel Bace. — The following amusing para-
graph is from Parker's London Neivs of Monday,
June 8th, 1724 : —

" On Wednesday in the Whitsun, a race was run at
Northampton for 5 guineas between two bulls, four cows,
and a calf; the first were rid by men, and the last by a
boy. The cows threw their riders, and the calf tumbled
down with his, and was thereby distanced, so that one of the
bulls won the wager before a vast concourse of people."

W. J. Pinks.
The Handel Centenaries. — My father was pre-
sent at Westminster Abbey in 1784 at the com-
memoration of the centenary of Handel's birth,
and I was present at the Crystal Palace in 1859, at
the commemoration of the centenary of Handel's
death. How 'many of your readers can say the
same ? A Subsceibeb.

THE BED BIBBON OF THE OBDEB OF THE BATH.

The following lines in ridicule of the red ribbon
from which the badge of the Order of the Bath
is suspended, written upon the revival of that

Order by George I. in 1725, after it had been
dormant for nearly three-quarters of a century,
are to be found in manuscript on the maro^in of
No. 1033 of the Whitehall Evening Post, April
22-24 (newspapers, vol. i. 1725, in Brit. Mus.), be-
neath an advertisement of " Observations Intro-
ductory to an Historical Essay upon the Order of
the Bath, by John Anstis, Garter Principal King-
of- Arms : " —

" Quoth King Robin, our Ribbons I see are so few,
St. Andrew's the Green, and St. George's the blew ;
I must find out a Red one, a colour more gay,
Which will tye up mj' Subjects with Pride to obey.
Th' Exchequer may Suffer by prodigal Donors,
The King has ne'er Exhausted the fountain of Honours ;
Men of more Witt than money our pensions will fitt.
But these will Bribe those of more Money than Witt ;
Who with Faith most implicit obey my commands,
Tho' empty as Young and as saucy as Sandys,
Who will soonest leap over a Stick for the King
Shall be qualified best for a Dog in a String."

Of the revival of the Order of the Bath, the
honours of which the king liberally bestowed,
thirty-seven noblemen and gentlemen being in-
vested with them at the first installation, June
17, 1725, Edmondson gives the following ac-
count : —

" King Charles II. previous to his coronation created
no less than sixty-eight Knights of Bath, from which
time no knights of that degree were created until King
George I. by letters patent .bearing date at Westminster
on the 18th of May in the 11th year of his reign insti-
tuted, erected, and constituted a military order, to be for
ever then after to be called by the name of the Order of
the Bath,"

By whom was this political satire written ?

W. J. Pinks.

Minor ^auertesf.

Editha Pope. — We know so little of Pope's
family, that even a name may be suggestive.
Pope's mother was Editha Turner, and she became
Editha Pope. Pope's father had certainly an elder
brother, as we learn from the poet's letter to Lord
Hervey, of whom we positively know nothing.
Neither the name of Editha nor of Pope are com-
mon. I therefore, when hunting over the regis-
ters at Doctors' Commons, made a note — that
administration of the goods of Editha Pope, of
Crosby Magna, in the county of Wiltshire, was
granted, Feb. 1699, to Daniel Pope of the city of
London. The administration entered in the search-
books has the word "London" at the side; and
this, as explained to me, meant that London was
the last place of abode of the deceased.

As Magdalen, the first wife of Pope's father,
died in 1679, the above Editha, if named after
his second wife, could not have been more than
seventeen or eighteen at her death. At such an
age, it is probable that she would not have made
a will ; although, to obtain possession of any pro-

2»d S. VIII. Aug. 27. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

169

perty she died possessed of, it may have been
necessary for her nearest relation to obtain ad-
ministration. These, however, are but suggestions.
I desire only to direct attention to the fact.

E. A. P.

Portrait of Archbishop King. — I have an old
oval half-length portrait of a prelate, well painted,
I and in good preservation : on the back of which
is a printed label, stating it is the portrait of Arch-
bishop King, by Bindon. Some one has likewise
written the date " 1698." It bears a strong re-
semblance to other portraits of the archbishop,
but represents him at an earlier period of his life.
Can you inform me whether there is any engrav-
ing of such a portrait by Bindon ? and when did
Bindon flourish ? Abhba.

Provincial Words: " Shim" —When I was a
boy I remember, in a part of Gloucestershire, the
word shim, in vulgar talk, used in the sense of
like, or seemeth ; and was told of the posy in a
ring, in which it occurred thus — " shim two
lovers." Perhaps Mr. Bots, who replied to my
last Query, will kindly say whether this word has
a parent, and its descent can be traced home ?

P. P. Q.

Last Wolf in Scotland. — In Mr. Donovan's
sale at the London Museum in April, 1818, there
is the following entry in the Catalogue : —

" Lot 832. Wolf, — a noble animal in a large glass case.
The last wolf killed in Scotland, by Sir C. Cameron."

Could any one inform me what became of this
" lot ? " Geoege Llotd.

Bishop Murphy s Irish MSS. — The very large
■ and miscellaneous library of the late Dr. Murphy,
Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork, was sold in Lon-
don in 1847 and 1848, by Messrs. Sotheby & Co. ;
but in the Sale Catalogue (which consists of four
parts) I do not find any mention of his voluminous
MSS. relative to Ireland. Were they sold ? or
did he bequeath them to a public institution?
I remember seeing his literary possessions in his
house in Cork several years since, when he pointed
out in particular his collection of MSS. They
were, I think, transcripts of old documents ; and
may not, perhaps, in a pecuniary point of view,
have been of very great value. Abhba.

Dr. Maginn and Mr. Harrison Ainsworth. —
Dr. Shelton Mackenzie, in hfs Life of Dr. Maginn
prefixed to the American edition of his works in
five vols. 12rao., says " the best of the flash songs,
and nearly the whole of Turpin's Ride to York in
Mr. Ainsworth's Rookwood, were actually written
by Maginn," p. 109., 1857, 12mo. Assuming this
statement to be correct, it is singular that no ac-
knowledgment shoula ever have been made to
Dr. Maginn in the subsequent editions of Book-
tvood, and that Mr. Ainsworth should have in-

cluded the flash songs in his collected " Ballads,"
printed since Dr. Maginn's death. The point is
of some consequence, as the Ride to York forms
the corner-stone of Mr. Ainsworth's reputation,
and gave him his popularity with the public, and
the flash songs are decidedly the cleverest of the
poetical performances which go under his name.

If Dr. Mackenzie's statement is incorrect, I shall
be glad to see it contradicted from authority.

Philo-Turpin.

J. Anderson. — Who was Anderson, the author
of the learned Diplomata Scotia, the son of? I
should like to know his father's and mother's names,
and the names of his children, if he left any. Has
any life of him been published, and if not, where
can I find information respecting him ? * 2. 0.

Journal of the First Earl of Bellomont. — This
nobleman, whilst Governor of New York and
Massachusetts, kept a journal in which he re-
corded any information he received, and whatever
matter of interest transpired in the course of his
administration. As that MS. may be in the pos-
session of some of the Coote family, this Note is
made in the hope that attention may be directed
to the subject, and the journal published if ex-
tant. E. B. O'Callaghan.

Albany, N. Y.

Capt. Cobb and Lieut.- Col. Fear on. — I am in
want of any information with regard to Captain
Henry Cobb, who was Captain of the "Kent"
East Indiaman when she was destroyed by fire on
March 1, 1825, and also with regard to Lieut.'
Col. Fearon, C. B., who was then in command of
a portion of the 31st foot, on their outward pas-
sage, both of whom so signally distinguished
themselves by their remarkable courage and pre-
sence of mind on that occasion. K. S. C.

Ballad on Sir John Eland, of Eland, co. York.
— Can any of your correspondents give me any
information as to the family of Sir Hugh Quamby,
of Quamby, co. York, and his son, John de Lock-
wood, of Lockwood, Esq., and — Lacy, who
figure in the above ballad, temp. Edw. III.

Being engaged in collecting the " Ballads and
Songs of Yorkshire," with the intention of pub-
lishing a volume under that title, any inedited
manuscript, &c., relating in any way to the work,
will be thankfully received. C. J. D. Ingledew.

Beer and its Strength. — I cannot satisfactorily
dispose of what was the strength of the strong
ale or beer drunk in England during the first ten
or twenty years of the last century. ^ Are there
any data for comparing its strength with that of
wine, brandy, or other intoxicating liquors ? or

[♦ See " N. & Q." 1'* S. viii. 326.]

170

^OTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. YIII. Auo. 27. '69.

means of guessing at this from the quantity al-
lowed as a ratio to servants or workmen, or from
the allusions in dramatic and other writers to its
potency ? These questions are put on the suppo-
sition that it is vain to ask for any standard, or
recipe, or formula (like that for laudanum in a
pharmacopoeia) as recognised by brewers to be
binding upon them. Such a recipe, though not
absolutely authoritative, would outweigh infer-
ential evidence ; but as it is not likely to exist,
your readers of all classes may find room for their
learning in contributing to answer the query pro-
posed. Ubsa Major.

Thomasoiis " Memories." — In a recently pub-
lished little poem, by Mr. G. T. Thomason, en-
titled Memories (which, by the way, combines
much of the rustic simplicity of Bloomfield with
the finished elegiac diction of Gray) occurs the
following stanza in reference to a practice con-
nected with sheep-shearing feasts : —

" Soon as the skies reflect the day's last beam,
And stars illuminate the worlds above.
Young maidens throw bright flow'rs into the stream,
Propitiate offerings to the god of Love."

To what provincial custom does the poet al-
lude ? /3.

Innismurrdy, anciently Innismuiredhy, is an
island in the Western Ocean, about five miles
west from the most northern part of the county
of Sligo, and about six miles west (a little south)
of Donegal Bay.

This island is said to be occupied by persons
all related to each other, and all of one name, in
1830 about eighty-seven in number, who submit
their disputes to the oldest man, who is the head
always according to age.

It belongs to Lord Palmerston, and no English
or Irish landlord besides can boast of such a
primitive possession and tenantry.

Here are three places of burial ; one for
drowned persons and unbaptized children, a se-
cond for males, the third for females.

Can any of your readers help me to any early
ecclesiastical account of this place ? J. W.

Winkley Family. — A tradition exists in the
Lincolnshire branch of this family to the effect,
that an ancestor, who narrowly escaped with his
life, fled from Lancashire during some civil or re-
ligious commotion, and took refuge in Lincoln-
shire. The family have been traced as residing
in Lincolnshire as far back as the year 1541, viz.
at Irby-in-the-Marsh. In 1577 they were at
Frieston and |Whaplode, and after that they ap-
pear to have been scattered over several parishes
in the Wapentake of EUoe. The Winkleys of
Lancashire derived their name from an estate or
hamlet still so called in the township* of Aighton
in the parish of Mitton, which the elder branch

possessed from the time of Edw. I. till within
about 200 years ago.

A desire exists to trace the connexion between
the two' families by something more than mere
tradition, and therefore should any of the readers
of " N. & Q." be in a position to afford any infor-
mation which might tend to further this object,
they will perhaps kindly supply it.

It has been suggested that the occasion of this
younger branch of the family's removal into Lin-
colnshire might have been the Pilgrimage of
Grace, and perhaps some of your readers might
be able to state whether any members of other
families in Lancashire or the northern counties
were dispersed and settled in Lincolnshire at that
period. W.

Dr. Donne's Seal. — In my annotated copy of
The Life of George Herbert, I have made this
note on p. 33., last line, " was by the Doctor
[Donne] given to him " : —

" One of these seals, traditionally the very one given
to George Herbert, was existing in 1807, when a repre-
sentation of it was engraved in the Gentleman's 3Iagazine
for April, 1807, p. 313., which was repeated in the volume
for 1835," Dec. p. 623.

Who is the fortunate possessor of this seal at
the present time ? * B. B.

The Skeletons at Cuma with Wax Heads. —
One of our modern archaeological publications
seems still inclined to think these were bodies of
martyrs, and to doubt whether the assertion
(Archaologia, vol.xxxvii. 323.) that chemical ana-
lysis proved the substance to be ink which was
supposed to be blood, be correct. Would Mb.
AsHriTBi, kindly refer to his authority for this
statement, and, if he can, give the analysis of the
chemists. M. N. S.

An7ie Pole. — Can any of your correspondents
give me any information respecting, Anne Pole,
youngest daughter of Sir Geffrey Pole, and niece
of Cardinal Pole, who was the second wife of
Thomas Hildersham of Stretchworth, Cambridge-
shire, and mother of Arthur Hildersham, vicar of
Ashby-de-la-Zouche, a well-known nonconformist
minister, whose life is in Clarke's Martyrology f
The date of her birth, death, first and second (?)
marriage, or births of her other (?) children, and
place of burial are required. Alex. J. Ellis.

RuhnkeiUs " Dictata." — I happened lately to
discover a MS. of Ruhnken's Dictata in Teren-
tium. It is a beautifully written quarto, and
contains matter not to be found in L. Schoper's
edition of the Dictata (Bonn, 1825), as you will

[* The seal given to Izaak Walton is in the possession
of H. A. Mereweather, Esq., Q. C, of Bowden Hill :
another was in the possession of the late Dr. Bliss of
Oxford.— Ed.]

2«'-i S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

171

see by comparing the enclosed photographic copy
of p. 177- with the printed Dictata to Eunuchus,
Act III. Sc. 3. vers. 3—10.

I am inclined to think that my MS. is not a
copy taken down from dictation ; it is far too well
and carefully written for that. It may be liuhn-
ken's own copy, written by himself or copied for
him by an amanuensis. If you have any means of
comparing the specimen I enclose with any auto-

fraph of Ruhnken to be found in the British
luseum, it would be of great interest to me and
to any future editor of the Dictata, to know if the
MS. is from Ruhnken's own hand. W. Ihre.

Carlton Terrace, Liverpool.

[No autograph of Ruhnken's is to be found in the
British Museum. — Ed.]

Supernaturals at the Battles of Clavijo and
Prague. — A reference to the best account of the
support given to the Spaniards by St. James at
the battle of Clavijo, and to any account of the
phantoms which encouraged the Imperialists at,
and the night before, the battle of Prague, will
oblige T. E.

The Termination Hayne. — In the neighbour-
hood of Sidmouth, Devon, is an ancient earth-
work called Blackberry Castle. Close around it
are names of places ending in " hayne," as
" Wickshayne," " Hornshayne," " Bonehayne,"
" Blamphayne." Perhaps there are a dozen such.
I am not aware that the termination is so common
elsewhere. Query its derivation, and if at all in-
dicative of the former possessors of the camp.

N. S. Heineken.

Tamherlin. — I have in my possession an old
Bible, date 1660, on the first leaf of which is
written this name. Can any of the readers of
" N. & Q." kindly give any particulars of this
family, believed to be of Dorset or Somerset ? C.

Lady Rous. — Who was a Lady Rous, living at
Warwick in 1646, a friend or relation of Lord-
Keeper Coventry's family ? W. C.

[The lady above referred to was Jane, daughter of Sir
John Ferrers, of Tamworth Castle, Warwickshire, Bart.,
and first wife of Sir Thomas Rous, of Rouse -Lench, Worces-
tershire, who was created a Bart, by Charles I., 23 July,
1641. She died in 1656. FVf^e Betham's Baronetage, 4to.
Lond. 1804, vol. iv. 220.]

Sing si diderum. — At York, an angry mother
will tell her offending child that she will make It
" sing si diderum." I could never understand
what was particularly meant by this threat, but
imagined it might originally have borne an allu-
sion to some old penitential psalm or confession

commencing with the words " Si dederim." That
the expression is very ancient is certain. I have
lately met with it, in a slightly varied form, in
the poem •' On the Evil Times of Edward III.,"
contained in The Political Songs of England from
the Reign of John to that of Edward II., pub-
lished by the Camden Society in 1839. The fol-
lowing is the verse containing the words : —

" Voiz of clerk is sielde i-herd at the court of Rome ;
Ne were he nevere swicb a clerk, silverles if he come,
Thouh he were the wiseste that evere was i-born,

i-souht.
Or he shal sing si dedero, or al geineth him noht."

Can any reader of "N. & Q." give me in-
formation respecting the origin or significancy of
" Sing si dedero ? " Ozmond,

[We are quite inclined to agree that si dederim, or
si dedero, may have been the initial words of some longer
composition. Is it not possible that they were the com-
mencement of a legal form ? Dedi is a word of some im-
portance in legal documents, as it amounts in law to a
warrant!/. Then if it be said in a deed or conveyance
that A. B. hath given so and so to C. D., it is a warranty
to C. D. and his heirs (Jacob, Cowel). And again,
Janus Gulielmus, in attempting to explain an obscure
passage in Cicero's Orations, saj'S that covenants occa-
sionauy commenced with the word si. It is possible,
then, that si dedero may have been known in ancient
days as the initial phrase of a legal contract, — a point on
which our friends learned in the law will perhaps give
us farther light. The words of J. Gulielmus are, " Allusit
ad sponsinum et stipulationum formulas, quas certis
verbis concipiebant, et fere ordiebantur a si,_sive, ni,
NIVE." (^Plantinarum Qucestionum Cominentari'is, 1583,
p. 44.)

We take this stipulating or binding force of si dedero
to be the true explanation of the last line of the passage
so appositely cited b^' our correspondent from an old
poem. At Rome, be the clerk never so learned, either he '
must say " I will give so much " (si dedero), or all his
learning profits him nothing.

With regard to the threat which angry mothers ad-
dress in Yorkshire to a naughty child, ""I'll make you
sing si diderum," we apprehend that their great-great-
grandmothers did not use it exactly in the same form, but
kept close to a legal sense. They said, interposing a
comma, " I'll make you sing, si dederim " : — that is, " Si
dederim"— if I give it you, oh! wont I? ("Dedit illi
dolorem," says Cicero), — " I'll make you sing." But in
process of time the two parts of the sentence were run
into one; and " si dederim," no longer significant of the
threatened castigation, came at length to stand for the
outcry which that castigation would not fail to elicit, —
« I'll make you sing si diderum."]

Sir John Danvers. — Any information about
Sir John Danvers, brother (?) of Henry Danvers,
Earl of Danby, living in the middle of the seven-
teenth century, would be acceptable. W. C.

[Sir John Danvers, of Danvers House, Chelsea, the
brother and heir of Henry Danvers, Earl of Danbj', was
a gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to Charles I. After
the death of Lady Danvers (George Herbert's mother) he
was deeply plunged in debt ; and on the breaking out of
the Rebellion identified himself with the rebels, and was
discarded bv his sovereign and his own family. At the
trial of Charles I. he sat as a judge, and affixed his sig-

172

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'>d S. VIII. Aug. 27. '5P,

nature to the death-warrant of the King. He died in
1659, the year before the Restoration. Clarendon's Hist,
of the Rebellion, iv. 636., ed. 1849. Faulkner's Chelsea,
i. 172. ; ii. 143., ed. 1829; and «N. & Q." 2"-» S. ii. 449. ;
iii. 495.]

Song. — In days of yore my father sung some
lines. Where can I find the song —

"The ploughman Avliistles o'er the furrow.
The hedger joins the vacant strain,
The woodman sings the woodland thorough,
The shepherd's pipe delights the plain."

Sen EX.
[This beautiful ballad is by Charles Dibdin the elder,
or, as we may style him, the Dibdin. His name is chiefly
retained in our memories by his inimitable Nautical Bal-
lads; but Dibdin deserves more than that, he was a
universal lyrist and melodist ; in every scene of nature
he poured out his melodies with the spontaneous richness
of the minstrels of the wood. We must quote it, al-
though the words and music are so closely united as to
be almost incapable of separation : —

" The Labouker's Welcome Home.
" The ploughman whistles o'er the furrow,
The hedger joins the vacant strain,
The woodman sings the woodland thorough.

The shepherd's pipe delights the plain :
Where'er the anxious eye can roam.
Or ear receive the jocund pleasure.

Myriads of beings thronging flock,
Of Nature's song to join the measure ;
Till, to keep time, the village clock
Sounds sweet the lab'rer's welcome home.

" The hearth swept clean, his partner smiling.
Upon the shining table smokes
The frugal meal : while, time beguiling,

The ale the harmless jest provokes :
Ye inmates of the lofty dome.

Admire his lot — his children plaj-ing.

To share his smiles around him flock ;
And faithful Traj', since morn, that straying,
Trudg'd with him, till the village clock
Proclaim'd the lab'rer's welcome home.

" The cheering fagot burnt to embers.
While lares round their vigils keep.
That Pow'r that poor and rich remembers,

Each thanks, and then retires to sleep :
And now the lark climbs heav'n's high dome.
Fresh from repose, toil's kind reliever ;
And furnish'd with his daily stock, —
His dog, his staff, his keg, his beaver, —
He travels, till the village clock
Sounds sweet the lab'rer's welcome home."]

Blewman. — What is the origin of the word
blewman, attendants on a sheriff? W. C.

[Blue, says Pliny, was the colour in which the Gauls
cloathed their slaves, and, for many ages, blue coats
were the liveries of servants and apprentices. Hence the
proverb in Ra}', « He's in his better blue clothes," ?. e.
he thinks himself wondrous fine. Nares says, that " a
blue coat, with a silver badge on the arms, was uni-
formly the livery of servants." In fact it was the ordi-
nary livery of javelin and serving-men in the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries.

"A velvet justice, with a long
Great train of blue-coats, twelve or fourteen strong.". .

Donne's Satires.
A bine-coat is also the dress of a beadle. Doll Tear-

sheet, in the Second Part of Henry IV., calls the beadle
" Blue-coat rogue;" and in Nabbes' Microcosmus, 1G37>
it is said, " The whips of furies are not half so terrible as
a blue-coat."Il

Lady Capel. — Who was a Lady Capel, living
at Oxted in January, 1646, and an aunt of Loi'd-
Keeper Coventry's children ? She also lived at
Stubbers (?) in Essex. W. C.

[Under an achievement fixed to the south wall of
Oxted Church is an inscription to Dorothy Lady Capell,
wife first to Sir Thomas Hoskins, of Oxted in Surrey,
knight ; afterwards the wife of Sir Henry Capell, of Had-
ham, in the county of Hertford, knight, died the 23rd
December, 1651, being of the age of sixty-six years and
six months. — Manning and Bray's Surrey, ii. 390.]

" MOLLT MOG.'

(2'"' S. viii. 84. 129. 145.)
The design of " N. & Q." being to_ assist, not to
supersede the literary researches of its readers, it
presupposes that the querist has first consulted
the ordinary works of reference on any particular
subject, before recourse is had to its pages for
farther assistance. It is gratifying to find that
your correspondents, M. M. and M. M. 2., have
duly observed this distinctive characteristic of
your periodical, as their incidental notices of
works likely to afford information respecting the
authorship of " pretty Molly Mog" fully attest.

The publication of this popular song preceded
that of the Travels of Lemuel Gulliver by two
months. It was first printed in Mist's Weekly
Journal, No. 70., August 27, 1726, and prefaced
with the following editorial note : —

" In our last we presented our readers with a short
poem upon Molly Mog : as few have seen that which oc-
casioned it, it having never been printed, we shall give it
the public now, which will make the other better under-
stood. We shall only observe, it was writ by two or
three men of wit (who have diverted the publick both in
prose and verse) upon the occasion of their lying at a
certain inn at Ockinghara, where the daughter of the
house was remarkably pretty, and whose name is Molly
Mog."

In April of this year, 1726, Swift paid a visit to
England, and had brought with him the manu-
script of Gulliver's Travels. For four months,
that is, from April to August, he resided with
Pope at Twickenham, where he was occasionally
favoured with the society of Gay, Arbuthnot, and
Bolingbroke. Pope had quitted Binfield ten years ;
and we can only account for the convivial meet-
ing at the Rose Inn at Oakingham, by supposing
that, in company with Swift and (jay. Pope paid
a flying visit to the scenes of his youthful days-
Mist assures us that the song "was writ by two
or three men of wit;" and this accounts for its
having been severally attributed to Pope, Swift,

2»d S. VIII. Ava. 27. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

173

and Gay, and included in their Miscellanies pub-
lished in the following year, 1727.

That the three poets were residing together at
this time is evident from Lord Bolingbroke's let-
ter, dated July 23, 1726, addressed " To the three
Yahoos of Twickenham, Jonathan, Alexander,
John, most excellent Triumvirs of Parnassus."
During this interval, it is believed, that many ce-
lebrated pieces, well known to the present times,
were either planned or written, and submitted
there to the mutual correction of the parties
(Roscoe's Pope, i. 293.). From a passage in one
of Cowper's letters, we incidentally get a glimpse of
the employment of Mr. Mist's " two or three men
of wit " in the Twickenham villa, and can almost
fancy we see them engaged in decking "Pretty
Molly" for public admiration. Cowper, writing
to the Rev. Wm. Unwin, Aug. 4, 1783, says,
"What can be prettier than Gay's ballad, or
rather Swift's, Arbuthnot's, Pope's, and Gay's in
the What do ye call it — ' 'Twas when the seas
were roaring ? ' I have been well informed that
they all contributed, and that the most celebrated
association of clever fellows this country ever
saw did not think it beneath them to unite their
strength and abilities in the composition of a song.
The success, however, answered to their wishes,
and our puny days will never produce such an-
other."

In the Gentleman's Magazine for June, 1755,
(p. 278.) occurs the following notice of this
song : —

" Mr. Urban. — I suppose few of your readers need be
informed that the original song of Mollt/ Mog was written
by Pope about his seventeenth year, when the fair land-
lady of the Kose was the reigning toast for some miles
round. Oakingham. Th6re is at present in London an-
other Molly Mog, now nineteen, who has all the charms
of her predecessor. With this beauty a certain son of the
Muses is fallen desperately in love ; and if the following
translation of Mr. Pope's song into French finds a place
in your next Magazine, it will gratify many of your
readers, and amongst therest, — A. A. A."

Then follows the song in French. Pope's seven-
teenth year, however, would take us back to 1705,
when Gay was figuring behind a linendraper's
counter, and Swift only known to Pope as the
suspected author of the Tale of a Tub. It was
not till after the publication of Windsor Forest,
in 1713, that Swift and Pope became personal
friends. Besides, as " pretty Molly" died in 1766,
in her sixty-seventh year, she would, in 1705, only
have been a bonnie lass in her sixth year, rather
too tender " a bit for the Vicar," or anyone else.

The traditionary notices of the song, as stated
by Lysons, seem to favour the conjecture that it
was written in 1726. The enamoured swain al-
luded to in it, is said to have been Edward Stan-
den, Esq., of Arborfield, Berks, a young gentleman
of 600/. per annum, who died of apoplexy, Sept.
26, 1730. The allusion to the Vicar in the last

verse is not apparent; but it maybe mentioned
as a singular coincidence, that the Rev. Benjamin
Moody, who had been nearly fifty years minister
of Oakingham, died on August 22, 1726, five days
before the publication of the song in Mist's Journal.
As a literary curiosity it may be as well to
quote the song as it flowed fresh from the pens of
this trio of wits. The words Italicised were al-
tered in the version printed in Pope and Swift's
Miscellanies, 1727, which also contains two addi-
tional verses.

" MOLLY MOG.

1.

" Saj's my Uncle, I pray j^ou discover
What has been the cause of j'our woes,
That you pine and you whine like a lover ?
I've seen Molly Mog of the Rose.

2.

" Oh Nephew I your grief is but folly,
In town you may find better prog ;
Haifa crown there will get you a Molly,
A Molly much better than Mog.

3.

" The school boys delight in a play-day,
The schoolmaster's joy is to flog ;
Fop is the delight of a lady,*
But mine is in sweet Molly Mog.

" Will a Wisp leads the traveller a gadding,
Thro' ditch, and thro' quagmire and bog;
Xo light can e'er set me a padding,
But the eyes of my sweet Molly Mog.

5.

" For guineas in other men's breeches

Your gamesters will palm and will cog ;
But I envy them none of their riches,
So I palm my sweet Molly Mog.

" The hart that's half wounded, is ranging,^
It here and there leaps like a frog ;
But my heart can never be changing,
It's so fix'd on my sweet Molly Mog.

74
'* I know that by Wits 'tis recited,
That women at best are a clog ;
But I'm not so easily frighted
From loving my sweet Molly Mog.

" A letter, when I am inditing,

Comes Cupid and gives me a jog.

And I fill all 7ny paper with writing,

Of nothing but sweet Molly Mog.

* The corrected version is better : —

"The milk-maid's delight is in May day,
But mine is on sweet Molly Mog."

f This line is thus altered : —

" The heart, when half wounded, is changing''
so that the original pun in this verse is lost.
X This is the third verse in the Miscellanies.

174

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[a^d S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.

" I feel I'm in love to distraction,
My senses are lost in a fog ;
And in nothing csmfind satisfaction,
But in thoughts of jny sweet Molly Mog.

10.
" If I would not give up the three graces,
I wish I were hang'd like a dog.
And at court all the drawing-room faces,
For a glance at my sweet Molly Mog.

11.

*' For those faces want nature and spirit.
And seem as cut out of a log,
Juno, Venus, and Pallas's merit
Unite in my sweet Molly Mog.

12.
" Were Virgil alive with his Phillis,
And writing another Eclogue,
Both his Phillis and fair Amaryllis,
He'd give for mi/ sweet Molly Mog.

13.
" When Molly comes up with the liquor,*
Then Jealousy sets me a gog.
To be sure she's a bit for the Vicar,
And so I shall lose Molly Mog."

In the same day's paper, Mr. Mist informs his
readers, that " one of our correspondents sends,
l)y way of advice, the following lines to the gen-
tlemen that are so enamoured with pretty Molly
Mog : —

" ' When to woman you make your address.
Remember the old Decalogue ;
And take heed that you never transgress
With that beautiful toast Molly Mog.' "
The song became exceedingly popular, so that
Mr. Mist found himself overwhelmed with paro-
dies and imitations, which elicited the following
editorial warning in his paper of Sept. 10, 1726: —
" As the praise of the celebrated Molly Mog has set all
the wits in town at Crambo, we shall present the pub-
lick with a few more stanzas upon this ' fair Maid of the
Inn,' after which we shall have done with her, lest the
town should think she grows stale upon their hands.

" Mn. Mist. — Your poetry upon sweet Molly 3Iog has
inspired all the town and country rhymers, yet to my
great wonder, have they omitted one rhyme so obvious,
that I think no real admirer of that charming girl could
have overlooked it, since to see her, and not to toast her
is impossible : —

" Boj', bring us the best in your cellar :
Sir, that is a glass of old Nog ;
Then fill me a bumper ; and tell her.
Here's a health to sweet Molly Mog."

" Sir. — I believe the wits have not thought of these
two stanzas and rhymes (which I much wonder at, they
being so plain to be thought on), therefore recommend
them to your Journal, if you think them worth your while
to insert : —

" Who follows all women of pleasure
In love, has a taste like a hog ;
For no girl can give better measure
Of joj's, than my sweet Molly Mog.

* The corrected version reads : —

" When she smiles on each guest, like her liquor."

" Those who toast all the family Royal
In bumpers of Hogan andrNog,
Can't have hearts more true, nor more loyal,
Than mine is for sweet Mollj' Mog."
[These two stanzas were added to the song in Pope and
Swift's Miscellanies, 1727, as the eighth and thirteenth.]

" Sir. — Since by publishing 3Iolly 3Iog you've set the
whole town to Crambo, I presume you'll not take amiss
the following lines, remembering in excuse of the sense,
what Hudibras somewhere says,

" ' And they who wrote in rhj'me still make
The one verse for the other's sake ;
For, one for sense, and one for rhyme,
I think's sufficient at one time.'

" Sir, your admirer and humble servant,
«'J. C."
" Honest Nat, I prithee review
The poetical decalogue
Between an Uncle and Nephew
On the charms of sweet Molly Mog.

" It was strange when they pump'd for rhyme.
They should miss in their long catalogue
Of a word whose sounding would chime
With the name of sweet Molly Mog.

" I suppose the authors will stare ;
But the word I mean is a hog,
The flesh of which, I dare swear,
Has oft fed vour fair MoUv Mog."

" Mr. Mist. — If the following lines may gain admit-
tance in your next journal, you will highly oblige some
of j'our constant readers, and particularly your humble
servant, T. H.

" ' The lovely fair Phillis I prize,

I'll be bound to be stuck like a hog.
Has charms in her wondrous eyes
That are wanting in fam'd Molly Mog.

" ' Then Phillis my toast shall be still.
In a glass of the best Norwich Nog;
For whatever befal me, I will
Prefer Phillis before MoUj' Mog.' "

Molli/ Mog was printed as Swift's in the edition
of his Worhs edited by Thomas Sheridan and
John Nichols, 1801, vol. xvi. p. 438.; but omitted
in Faulkner's edition, 1735, and Sir Walter
Scott's, 1824. It is not to be found in any edi-
tion of Gay's Wo7-ks anterior to the year 1773 ;
nor can I discover any allusion to him as its author
before its appearance in his collected Works, pub-
lished by John Bell, near Exeter Change, in the
Strand, 1773. On the publication of this edition,
a writer in The Monthly Review (xlix. 337.), find-
ing it contained several poems attributed to Gay
which had never before appeared in his Worhs,
cavilled at the bookseller for having reprinted
these fugitive anonymous pieces. The maledic-
tion invoked on the hapless publisher may be
quoted as a warning to others : —

" The industry of the bookseller, his great love and
affection for whatever was the production of men of ge-
nius, must plead his excuse, while he ransacks, if not
their verj' urns, at least the dormitories of their departed
offspring, and out of the purest and most disinterested
zeal, drags into day- light what they would have wished

2"'J S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

175

to be buried in endless oblivion. May the graves of such
booksellers be for ever danced upon bj- printers' devils !
and may the rage of ten thousand hungry' authors de-
scend upon their heads! May their kitchens be eternally
pestered with Scotch translators, and fifty female authors
pour their novels in their ears ! "

May the worthy Aldine publishers escape this
terrible visitation !

The history of Bell's edition is soon told. lu
1773, Isaac Reed having several pieces by Gay not
found in his collected Works, and wishing to help
a necessitous relative named John Bailey, de-
sired hina to offer them to Mr. Bell, and turn
them to the best account he could. Bell pur-
chased them, and handed them over to the editor
of his edition, who, not content with the additional
pieces furnished by Isaac Reed, appears to have
ransacked the Miscellanies and various Collections
for others supposed to have been written by Gay.
Among the doubtful pieces inserted in this edition
may be mentioned the following: 1. An Elegiac
Epistle to a Friend. 2. A Ballad on Ale. 3.
Gondibert. 4. The Story of Cephisa. 5. The
Man-Mountain's Answer to the Lilliputian Verses.
It is not proved to certainty that the poem en-
titled Wine is by Gay, although it is attributed to
him by Aaron Hill (Works, edit. 1754, i. 325.),
who says that it was printed in 1710. It ap-
peared, as stated by G. T. Q. (ante, p. 145.),
two years earlier: "London: Printed for William
Keble, at the Black-Spread Eagle in Westminster
Hall, MDCCviii." [22 May] fol. 8 leaves, and is ad-
vertised in The Daily Courant of that date. All
these doubtful pieces, as well as Molly Mog, are
omitted in the trade edition of Gay's Poems, 2
vols. 12 mo. 1775 ; but Bell's edition appears to
have been made the text for all the subsequent
editions of the poet's v/orks. J. Yeowell.

Your correspondent M. M. (2.) asks, who was
the writer of " Molly Mog" ? when was it first
published ? and observes that it was not pub-
lished in Faulkner's edition of Swift's Works,
" which the Dean, it is believed, superintended."
Neither M. M. (2.), or the other correspondents
who have discussed the subject in your pages,
appear to be aware that there is the best possible
evidence that the ballad was not written by Swift,
and that the editors who afterwards attributed it to
Gay were right. Swift, In hxsjeu cC esprit on Dr.
Sheridan, called the History of the Second Solomon,
says : —

" Solomon had published a humorous ballad called
' Balyspellin,' " &c. " The ballad was in ' the manner of
Mr. Gay's on Molly Mog,' "

This was written in 1729, three years after
" Molly Mog" was first published. The ballad
attracted more attention perhaps than any other
piece in the Miscellanies of Pope and Swift, 1727,
— indeed, before its appearance there, it had be-

come a fashionable amusement to write imitations
of its peculiar bouts rimes. Arbuthnot writes to
Swift, 8th Nov. 1726, that Lady Harvey was " in
a little sort of a miff about a ballad that was wrote
on her to the tune of ' Molly Mog.' " It is im-
possible with all this to suppose that Swift could
be mistaken as to its authorship.

Some of your correspondents seem to think
that the poem must have been written before
1715, when Pope left Binfield; but Molly must
have been very young then. Pope certainly kept
up relations with the Doncastles at Binfield long
after he left there, and would probably visit them
on some of his frequent journeys into the West of
England, which he generally made in company
with friends. It might have been on one of these
journeys that he stayed at the "Rose" in Oak-
ingham with Gay, and hence the ballad. At all
events, we have no evidence of its existence till
1726, when it suddenly appeared, and had what
we should now call " a great run." Gay collected
and published his poems in two volumes quarto,
in the summer of 1720 ; but "Molly Mog" is not
there. He never, I think, published another col-
lection— certainly not after 1726. Hence no
doubt the honour due to the author of "Molly
Mog" has gone a-begging to this day.

W. MoY Thomas.

There is another obituary record besides that
quoted in M. M.'s Note which strengthens the
inference that the statements of Lysons and the
Quarterly Review are incorrect. It appeared in
llie London Daily Post of Thursday, October 21st,
1736, and is as follows : —

" A few days since died at Oakingham in Berks, Mr.
Mogg, who kept the Eose Inn there several Years with
great Reputation ; he was Father of Molly Mogg, on
whom the famous Song was made."

W. H. Husk.

I, JOHN V. 7.

(2°« S. viii. 87.)

The Vatican MS. mentioned in the British
Quarterly Revieio for October, 1858, is the cele-
brated one which contests with that at Cambridge
the palm of antiquity and authority for the Greek
text of the Old and New Testaments. The latter
is referred to by the letter A, and the term Alex-
andrine, by Griesbach and other critics. The
former is referred to by the letter B, or Vatican,
1209. Amelotte asserted that it contained 1
John V. 7., but falsely. (Michaelis, ii. viii. s. 6.
p. 343., Marsh.)

The following are the only known Greek MSS.
which contain this verse. I. That which is num-
bered 180., and termed Montfortianus and Dub-
linensis ; probably the same as that which Erasmus

176

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°<i S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.

entitled Britannicus, noted 61. in the first part of
Wetstein's New Testament, in the second 40., and
in the third 34. It contains the whole of the
New Testament, but is written in a modern hand,
and is probably of the sixteenth century. The
leaves are of thick glazed paper, which Ycard
mistook for vellum. It is preserved in the library
of Trinity College in Dublin, marked G 97. A
facsimile is given of the verse from this MS. by
Bruns (Eichhorn's Repertorium, iii. 260.), and by
Bishop Burgess, I think. It is justly objected to
this reading that it is ungrammatical, the articles
before the words irar^p, \6yos and Trvev/xa. aywv being
omitted, and the words iv r^ yfi being used instead
of iirl Trjs 77)y, and that it omits the words koI ol
rpus €is rb eV elaiv (and these three are one). II.
The MS. of the New Testament, No. 195., en-
titled Ravii or Berolinensis (No. 110. in Wet-
stein) : —

" The very learned and sagacious La Croze," says Mi-
chaelis (n. viii. s. 6. p. 294.), " who being librarian in
Berlin, had this MS. frequently in his hands, and was
able to examine the subject with the utmost precision,
maintains that it is the work of an impostor, written long
after the invention of printing, even so late as the seven-
teenth century, and copied from the Complutensian Bible.
Even the errors of the press are copied in this MS."

in. A MS. of the First Epistle of John, No. 131.,
entitled Guelpherbytanus D. (Michaelis, ii. viii.
s. 6. p. 263.). Under the Greek text is written,
1. the translation of Castalio ; 2. the Latin trans-
lation of the Syriac text ; 3. the Vulgate ; 4. the
translations of Erasmus, Vatablus, and Beza. It
was written in the seventeenth century, and, in
the opinion of Michaelis, is entitled neither to a
collation nor a description. IV. The Codex Otto-
bonianus, No. 298. in the Vatican library, which
was first collated by Dr. Scholz for his new edi-
tion of the Greek Testament. This MS. is of the
fifteenth century, and has been altered, according
to Scholz, in many places, to make it harmonise
with the Latin Vulgate. Cardinal Wiseman sup-
plied Home with a facsimile for the last edition
of his Introduction (Wright's Appendix to Seller's
Hermeneutics, p. 616.). I will only add that its
existence in the Latin Vulgate dates probably
from the end of the fifth century, and that Vigi-
lius, Bishop of Thapsus in Africa, the supposed
author of the (so called) Athanasian Creed, had a
hand in its introduction either as a gloss or part
of the text (Wright, p. 628.). T. J. Buckton.
Lichfield.

C. J. Hare's Orthographical Peculiarities (2°^
S. viii. 129.) — A correspondent, S. S. S., asks,
^' Did the late C. J. Hare, in any of his publi-
cations, give his reason for deviating from the
usual mode of spelling words, e. g. preacht., v^urpt,
&c. ?"

I answer. Yes, in several places; but most fully,
perhaps, in an article in the first volume of the
(Cambridge) Philological Museum (1832), " On
English Orthography."

The general purport of Mr. Hare's remarks is
this : — That preacht, usurpt, and the like are
really the English preterites of preach, usurp, &c.,
as appears by this, that we pronounce the words
so, even when written preached, usurped. That
the cause of persons so writing them is an igno-
rant propensity to make verbs uniform in appear-
ance which are different in reality, and is a practice
contrary to the authority of our best writers in
former generations. The whole article is able and
interesting.

With regard to your correspondent's other
Query, " Did Horsley ever say why he adopted
the antique form of the preterite of to lead, to
read, &c., viz. ledde, redde ?"

I cannot at present turn to the passage, but the
reason in the case of redde is obvious enough, viz.
to distinguish the preterite from the present read.
In the common spelling there is no possibility of
knowing whether I read is present or past. We
might, indeed, make the preterite I red, like I led;
nor is it probable that any ambiguity would arise
from red the adjective. Lord Byron in his letters
used redde.

Can any of your correspondents suggest a way
of distinguishing, in pronunciation, the preterites
of I ride and I row ? or the vegetables furze and
firs ? W. W.

Conf. Amenities of Literature (D'Israeli), vol. ii.
p. 25., last edition : —

" That a language should be written as it is spoken has
been considered desirable by the most intelligent scholars.
Some have laudably persevered in writing the past tense
red as a distinction from the present read, and anciently I
have found it printed redde. Lord Byron has even re-
tained the ancient mode in his Diarv."

H. S. G.

Torture (2"* S. vi. 432.) — The Query, Was
torture ever allowed by the laws of England ?
admits of a ready answer. It was never allowed
by the laws of England, but it was inflicted in
England from the reign of Henry Vt. to the
reign of Charles I., both inclusive, by virtue of
what was then considered the royal prerogative,
which at that period was also considered to be
above the law.

It was inflicted by order of the Privy Council,
and as the books of the Privy Council commence
in the reign of Henry VIII., no earlier torture
warrants have been discovered. Mr. Jardine, the
Recorder of Bath, and one of the magistrates of
the Police Court at Bow Street, has in his ad-
mirable work, A Reading on Torture, shown fifty-
five instances of the infliction of torture. I say
instances, because in one instance ten persons are
included in one warrant. The warrants bear the

2»-s.viii.,AuG.27.'69.] ^OTES AND QUERIES.

177

signatures of Ministers of State, Lord Chancel-
lors, Lord Keepers, Lord Chief justices, and one
Archbishop (Whitgift) ; and Lord Coke, who, in
Lis Third Institute, denounces torture as unlawful
by the laws of England, signed torture warrants
as a Privy Councillor under the supposed prero-
gative of the Crown.

These warrants were directed in most instances
to the Attorney and Solicitor- General, sometimes
to the Recorder of London, and sometimes to
Doctors of Civil Law.

In Scotland torture was allowed by law until
its abolition at the Union in the reign of Queen
Anne ; and the last torture warrant that I am
aware of is signed with the sign manual of King
William III., and is dated at Kensington Palace,
and is for the torturing of Navill Pain. It is
printed in a note in the State Trials^ vol. x. p. 753.

F. A. Cabbington.
Ogbourne St. George.

Blodius (2°'^ S. vii. 317.) — Blodius or Blodeus,
for it is spelt both ways, is neither gules nor azure,
but the tincture called sanguine. Du Cange de-
rives it from the Anglo-Saxon Mod, the root of
our word blood, and gives several examples of its
use in both methods of spelling. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Qualitied: Fausens (2"* S. viii. 130.) — The
word qualitied, though of rare occurrence, is not
peculiar to Chapman, an example of its use being
cited by Richardson from Hales, 1618 : " He was
not so ill qualitied."

There seems little doubt that the learned editor
of Chapman's Iliads, 1857, is quite correct in ex-
plaining the now almost unknown yvordf auseiis as
a kind of eel ; at least if we may accept the au-
thority of dictionaries, in the absence of any
example save Chapman's.

" Anguilla .... An." [ Anglicfe] ** Eele. Apud eosdem
prcegrandis fausen eele, minima grigge, media scaffling di-
citur." Junius, Nomenclator Oetilinguis, 1619.

"Fausen .... der Meeraal" (the sea- eel or conger).
Hilpert.

" Fausen .... eine Gattung grosser Aah " (a sort of
large eels). Ebers. •

" Fausen. Ridero Prffigrandis piscis h, genere Angvil-
larum." Skinner.

To this we may add that the Homeric word
which Chapman renders fausens is iyx^^ves (eels).

Althougli the derivation of fausen from the
Latin falx, which is suggested by Skinner, may
at first sight appear unsatisfactory, there are
reasons for viewing it with favour. Falx became
in French and in old English fauchon, which is
not very far from fausen. And as fauchon was a
sort of sword (falchion), it should also be borne in
mind that the names of other warlike implements
were formerly applied to eels, &c., e.g. *' Sand-
eels or launces." (Ray, Synopsis Methodica Pis.
cium, 1713, p. 38.) The sword-fish, again, appears

in various languages, as schwerdtfisch, epee de mer,
gladius, xiphias espadon, spuda at Venice, and in
Italy generally pesce spado. And Willughby, as
cited by the learned commentator on Chapman,
" mentions an anguilliform fish found at Venice
called a falx, a worthless kind of eel." So fausen
may very possibly be only another form of the old
ISinglish fauchon, from falx. Thomas Bors.

P.S. May we not conjecture, under all the cir-
cumstances, that the (a^reek tyx^^^h a" 6^1, is
connected with eyxos, a spear, javelin, arrow, or
sword ?

" Then push about the flowing bowl" (2°'' S. viii.
128.) — The song quoted by your Geelong corre-
spondent is a vile version of one of Joanna Baillie's
spirited songs written for George Thomson's
(Burns's Thomson) Collection of Irish Melodies.

The air is very beautiful ; the symphonies and
accompaniments were composed by Beethoven. I
subjoin the correct words : —
1.
" Come form * we round a cheerful ring,
And broach the foaming ale :
And let the merrj' maiden sing,
The beldame tell her tale.

2.

" And let the sightless harper sit
The blazing faggot near ;
And let the jester vent his wit,
The nurse her bantling cheer.

3.

" Who shakes the door with angrj' din,
And would admitted be ?
No ! Gossip Winter, snug within
We have no room for thee.

4.
" Go, scud it o'er Killarney's lake,
And shake the willows bare,
Where water elves their pastime take,
Thou'lt find thy comrades there.

" Will o' the Wisp skips in the dell,
The owl hoots on the tree ;
They hold their nightly vigil well,
And so the while will we.

6.
« Then strike we up the rousing glee,
And pass the beaker round,
Till every head right merrily
Is moving to the .sound."

J. N.
Liverpool.

St. Dominie (2"« S. viii. 117. 135.)— Your cor-
respondent may find the information which he
seeks in a folio De Origine et Progressu Officii
sanctce Inquisitionis, ejusque Dignitate et Utilitate,
by Paramus, or L. a Paramo (Madrid, 1598).
Paramus, who is usually cited as an authority,

* Altered to draic, to suit the music.

178

NOTES AND QUERIE%

[2'xi S. VIII. Aug. 27. '5?.

expresses himself without hesitation on the subject
of S. Dominic, and the fact of his having held and
exercised the office not only of a missionary, but of
an inquisitor. The second chapter of the work
treats expressly " De primo Inquisitore Generali ;"
and amongst the headings of this chapter are the
following: "1. Beatus Dominicus primus Inqui-
sitor Generalis fuit;" and "5. Beatus Dominicus
severe hcereticos punit."

A question, indeed, is raised respecting the date
of S. Dominic's appointment, which another Spa-
nish writer. Doctor J. L. de Salcedo, believed to
have been as early as the year 1200, but which L.
H Paramo makes 1216. " E.x his apparet sanctum
Dominicum anno 1216 fuisse Inquisitorem crea-
tum," p. 95. (B. 1170, D. 1221.)

A question has also been raised, whether the
inquisition began with S. Dominic, or existed pre-
viously. Of this difficulty the following appears
to be the true solution. There was the " delegata
■ Inquisitio," which, coming direct from the Pope,
was also called " Apostolica ;" and which, accord-
ing to Paramus, S. Dominic was the first to
receive; but there were also ^^regidares Inqui-
sitiones" which were of much older date, and
belonged to the Bishops ex officio : " Est enim hsec
potestas inquirendi Episcopali dignitati annexa,"
p. 89. It was found, however, that the official or
regular inquisition was by no means sufficiently
brisk ; it therefore became necessary for the Pope
to appoint his own delegates. " Tamen quibus-
dam Episcopis negligentibus, tam salutiferum hoc
officium exercere, quibusdam autem ob diversa
alia negotia impeditis, Summi Pontifices matura
deliberatione decreverunt viros doctos et Catho-
licos eligi, qui tanquam Apostolicse sedis delegati,
hoc tam sanctum munus exercerent," p. 89. — And
of these delegates, S. Dominic was the first : —
" Hoc autem officium delegates Inquisitionis primus
Generalis Inquisitor Apostolica autoritate exercuit
Beatus Pater Dominicus ordinis Prasdicatorum
djgnissimus institutor," p. 95. Search all autho-
rities, says Paramus; but you will find that S.
Dominic was the first. " NuUam tamen de Apos-
tolico Inquisitore, nuUam de sancto officio fieri
mentionem ante S. Dominici tempus reperietur,"
p. 96. Thomas Boys.

John Lord Cutis (2"* S. vlii. 132.) A large

number of letters from this brave and distin-
guished officer to the second Duke of Ormonde
arepreserved amongst the Ormonde Manuscripts
in the Muniment Room of Kilkenny Castle.

James Graves.

Kilkenny.

" The Young Travellers, or a Visit to Oxford"
(2"^ S. viii. 130.) — I know a copy of this work in
which there are many more plates than two, of
well-known Oxford characters. I cannot say at
present whether the volume alluded to ever ap-

peared; but shall be able to find out in a few
weeks' time, when the library in which I have met
with the above-mentioned work is re-arranged,
when I will take an opportunity of giving ray
friend Cuthbert Bede the information he re-
quires. P. J. W.

Bacon on Conversation (2"^ S. viii. 108.)— The
word conversation has a very extended meaning as
used by Bacon. He says: "Thus have I con-
cluded this portion of learning touching civil
knowledge ; and with civil knowledge have con-
cluded human philosophy ; and with human phi-
losophy, philosophy in general" {De Augmentis,
viii. c. 3.) This is written as a summary of the
three chapters in the Eighth Book on Civil Know-
ledge, or the Ethics of Statesmanship, divided into
(ch. i.) the Doctrine of Conversation, (ch. ii.) the
Doctrine of Negociation or Business, and (ch. iii.)
the Doctrine of Government. Bacon was himself
a great master of rhetoric ; and there have been
preserved to our times splendid examples and ad-
mirable treatises of Greece and Rome in this art,
accessible to Bacon ; and to which, I conceive, he
referred when, on the survey of what arts and
sciences had been well or ill treated, he pro-
nounced that the doctrine of conversation had
" been elegantly handled, and therefore he could
not report it for deficient." He must have had in
his mind Demosthenes, Aristotle, and Cicero (vi.
3.) * ; and could not have excluded oratory from
what he terms " the ethics of statesmanship," and
as preliminary and ancillary to negociation and
government. (Compare vi. c. 2.)

The equivalent to conversation, in its usual
modern sense, is in Bacon " talk, discourse, speech
of conversation," and "speech of interlocution"
{Essays, xxxii. Discourse.) T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Bibliographical Queries (2"^ S. viii. 128.) — An
inquirer, J. C. G. L., wishes to know where he
can find a list of the works of St. Bonaventure.
The following account is given by Alban Butler
in a note to nis Life of that great saint, who so
well merited the title of the " Seraphic Doctor,'*
and whom even Luther styled " praestantissimus
vir." His works fill eight volumes in folio. The
first two contain his Commentaries on the Holy
Scriptures ; the third, his sermons and panegyrics ;
the fourth and fifth, his comments on the Master
of the Sentences ; and the last three his lesser
treatises, of which some are doctrinal, others re-
gard the duties of a religious state, others general
subjects of piety, especially the mysteries of
Christ and the Blessed Virgin. Some of his trea-
tises are the following : Pharetra, a collection of
devout sentiments from the Holy Fathers ; an

* He names Xenophon, Cicero, Seneca, Plutarch, and
Plato, as having adorned philosophy with elocution {De
Avg. i.).

2«'» S. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

179

Office of the Passion of Christ, compiled for St.
Louis ; On the Government of the Soul ; Medita-
tions for each Day in the Week ; Brevioloquium ;
Itinerarium Mentis in Deum ; On the Poverty of
the Lord Jesus ; The Life of St. Francis ; and The
Life of Christ ; Mi?'ror of the Virgin. St. Bona-
venture died during the Council of Lyons in 1274 ;
therefore the statement that a portion of his works
was finished in 1484 is sadly incorrect. F. C. H.

Gaimtlope (2"^ S. viii. 132.) — Mr. Ingram, one
of the survivors of the wreck of the Royal George
in 1782, who died within these few years at
Woodford, near Berkeley, in Gloucestershire,
told me that he had seen sailors on board the
king's ships "run the gauntlope" in several in-
stances. His description of it accorded exactly
with that ante p. 132. ; but he added that, to pre-
vent the patient going too fast, the ship's corporal
walked before him with his drawn cutlas under
his arm, with the point backwards ; and that he
had seen one man, in his too great eagerness to
escape the switches, press too forward, and get a
scratch from the point of the corporal's cutlas.

F. A. Caekington.
Ogbourne St. George.

Etoccetum (2°"* S. vli. 256.) — The derivation of
this name of a Roman station from the Greek
(tokoItohv, " the year's rest," is the equivalent to
071711 quies mentioned by Tacitus (Agricola, 18.) as
the " year's rest " which the Roman soldiers had
assured themselves of, but which he characterises
as " a heavy obstacle, and very discouraging to
one" who, like Agricola, " was commencing war "
("tarda et contraria bellum inchoaturo"). At
this period (a.d. 78) the Greek language was
very common in Rome ; and it is not improbable
that Agricola, the father-in-law of Tacitus, may
have imposed this name, Etoccetum, on the Roman
station at Wall in Staffordshire. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Quotation Wanted (2°'^ S. v. 358.)— The quo-
tation

" Nomina si nescis, perit et cognitio rerum,"
or better —

" Nomina si pereant, perit et cognitio rerum,"

I have seen ascribed to Linnaeus. It occurred in

association with another sentiment of Linnaeus's :

" Primus gradus sapientiaj est res ipsas nosse."

OZMOND.

Quotation Wanted (2°^ S. viii. 69. 119.) — The
passage in Tillotson is taken from Hobbes, who
says, " Setting themselves against reason, as oft
as reason is against them." {Works, iii. p. 91. ed.
1839). And again, "In which as oft as reason is
against a man, so oft will a man be against reason."
(Epistle Dedicatory to Tripos, Human Nature,
Works, iv. xiii.) T. J. Buckton.

Memoirs of Sir Eobt. Peel, Bart., M.P. (2°'^ S.
viii. 146.) — Your correspondent F. G. is referred
to the following biographical works relating to
the late statesman, namely : —

" Life and Times of Sir R. Peel. By Dr. W. C. Taylor.
3 vols. 8vo. London, 1846-8."

" Sir Robt. Peel as Statesman and Orator. 8vo. Lon-
don, 1846."

" Reflections suggested by the Career of the late Pre-
mier. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1847."

" Opinions of Sir Robt. Peel expressed in Parliament
and in Public. With Biographical Memoir. 12mo.
London, 1850."

" A Personal Sketch of Sir Robt. Peel as a Parliamen-
tary Speaker and Party-leader. By Capt. H. Martin.
8vo. Hamb., 1850."

" Life, Political Career and Death of Sir Robt. Peel.
(Authentic Edition.) 8vo. London, 1850."

" The Life of the lit. Hon. Sir Robt. Peel. 8vo. Lou-
don, 1850."

" In Morte di R. Peel, (an Ode) preceduta da al-
cuni Frammenti Biografici, e seguita da una Versione
Letterale Inglese. Bv Luigi Pozzolini. 8vo. Livorno.
1850."

" The late Sir Robt. Peel. A Critical Biography. (Re-
printed with Additions from Fraser's Mag.) By G. II.
Francis. 16mo. London, 1852."

"The Political Life of Sir Robt. Peel. By Thos.
Doubleday. 2 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1856."

There is a

" Life of the Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, Bart.,
as Subject and Citizen, as Legislator and Minister, as
Patron of Learning and the Arts. With a Portrait by
William Harvey."

A new edition, stated to contain " numerous
alterations and additions," was published by Rout-
ledge & Co. in 1853. M.

Edinburgh.

Illoques (2"^ S. viii. 146.) — Hloeqes is Norman
French for "there." Illoques — illoques is "there
— there." Is "Halloo" a corruption of illoques?

L. B. L.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

An Introduction to the Evidences of Cliristlanity. By
J. 0. Halliwell, F.R.S. Second Edition. (Longmans.)

A very thoughtful and well-considered manual ; indi-
cating on the part of its author a careful study of the
most ancient monuments of Christianity, and a just ap-
preciation of those objections to its truth which carry
most force at the present day. We heartily welcome Mr.
Halliwell into this new field of labour.

The Invasion of Britain by Julius Ccesar. By Thomas
Lewin, Esq., M.A. (Longmans.)

That the earliest recorded incident in the history of
these islands — their invasion by Julius Cassar — should
from time to time excite the curiosity and employ the
learned leisure of scholars, cannot be matter of surprise.
VVithin these few j'ears the Astronomer Royal has con-
tributed to the Archaologia a most valuable paper, in
which he sought to show that Cassar sailed from the
estuary of the Somrae and landed at Pevensey ; and we

180

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Aug. 27. '59.

have here before us a learned and ingenious Essay, which
will, we doubt not, carry conviction to the minds of
many readers that Caesar sailed from Boulogne and landed
oii the western side of the Creek of Limne, We ought to
add that Mr. Lewin's Essay is well illustrated, and that
the thanks which he bestows on his relative, Mrs. S.
Lewin, for the time and pains bestowed on such illustra-
tions is very justly deserved.

3farco Griffi, the Italian Patriot. By Mrs. Webb.
(Bentley.)

This tale by Mrs. Webb, which is in itself one of great
interest, possesses an additional interest at the present
moment, when the ej'es of all Europe are watching with
such intense anxiety the progress of events in that fair
country, whose fields have lately been deluged with the
blood of so many brave men — blood which will not
have been altogether shed in vain, if it has contributed,
however indirectly, to procure for the Italians that con-
stitutional freedom which will at once give Italy her
proper place among the nations of Europe, and Europe
one of her best guarantees for future tranquillity.

Geology in the Garden ; or the Fossils in the Flint Peb-
bles, with 106 Illustrations. By the Rev. Henry Eley,
M.A. (Bell & Daldy.)

We cordially welcome whatever tends to make this
fascinating science more generally accessible. We may
now literally study geology in our gardens, for Mr. Eley
shows us that numberless beautiful fossils are to be found
in our gravel-paths, and that we may there find convinc-
ing proofs of many of those vast physical changes which
have prepared this earth for its present inhabitants.

" Under Government : " an official Key to the Civil Ser-
vice of the Crown. By 3. C. Parkinson. (Bell & Daldy.)

What " Burke " is to the Peerage, and " Dodd " to
the politician, this useful compilation, "Under Govern-
ment," will henceforth be to our Civil Service. All can-
didates for Civil emploi'ment under the Crown may now
consult their " Parkinson " with a certainty of finding in
it information on which they may rely ; while those who
have already passed that Rubicon may ascertain from it
their precise position, and their chances of promotion.

The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declara-
tion of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George
IV. A New Edition, with Additions and Notes. By
William James. Vols. III. and IV. (Bentley.)

These, the Third and Fourth Volumes of Mr. Bentley's
well-timed republication of James's national work, contain
the annals of our navy during the eventful period which
intervened between the years 1800 and 1809, when
Strachan, Duncan, Collingwood, St. Vincent, and Nelson,
were achieving those acts of daring and skilful seaman-
ship which rendered the naval supremacy of England for
a while so unquestionable, that it is to be feared we have
since been losing sight of the necessity of maintaining it.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PUSCHASB.

Particulariof Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentleman by whom they are reauired, and whose name and address
are given below.

Timdai.e's Testament, by Tille. 4to.

Testament (.Latin and English), by Redman. 4to. 1538.

Authorised Version, by Young. Svo. Edinb. 1633.

Authorised Version. ITol. 1 B 1 1 .

Cranmer's Version. 4to. 1530, and any Folios, 1539, 1540,

1541.
Bibles, Printed by Fry or Moore about 1770 to 1780.
Life op Sib Juhn Barmard.

Common Pbaykr, 1559. Folio, and any early editions.
Tomsom's Testament, 1576, and any other Bibles and Testaments.

Wanted by Francis Fi-y, Cotham, Bristol.

fiatitti ta CarreSi)0ntr«uW.

T7ieliev. TV. J. DcaTie's Paper On Erasmus' First Visit to Oxford, 3fr.
Hotten'n Old English Booksellers, Mr. Macray's Origin of the Faust
Legends, and other articles of interest in our next,

T. L. Phelps will find dnepraise given to John Philips^ poem oy Cyder
by Johnson. See ?iia Lives of the Poets, edited by P. Cunnvngham, vol. ii.
pp. 26, 27.

O. Llotd will find the probable source of the custom to which he refers
in an article Giottoea on St. James's Day t/i the very first yo. of" N.
& Q." 1st S. i. 5.

C. W. Coioper'a allusion is to the Two Kin^s of Brentford, who, in
Act II. Sc. 2. of The Behearsal, enter " hand m hand, smelling at one
nosegay."

J. R. TJie second volume of the History of our own Times was pub-
lished in 1845. TJie author is unknown.

"Notes and Qcbries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Montblt Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (.including the Half-
yearly Index) is Us. id,, which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of Messrs. Bell and Daldy , 186. Fleet Street, E.C; to whom
aXl Communications pob the Editor sho^\dd be addressed.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

^ ^Ttbhitti flf ^utw-€flmiiuiuualioK

TOB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price 4d. unstamped ; or bd, stamped.

Contents of No. 190. — August 20th.

NOTES : — Autobiographical Passage in Shakspeare's " Tempest," by
D. D. Asher —Patron Saints — Old Loudon Bridge, by G. R. Cor-
ner — Miltoniana, by CI. Hopper.

MrxoB Notes ! — Sundial with retro^ading Shadow— Aged Bride and
Bridegroom — Fowling and Matrimony — Mode of celebrating a
Birth — Jews in Oiford, and Halls named after them — Bonded
Warehouses.

QUERIES : — Gay —Baron Wratislaw's Captivity in Turkey, by A.
H. Wratislaw — Writers in the Quarterly Review.

Minor Qderies ; — Cokam or Coxam House: Mr. Crewe's Wyrwail,
Chideok or Chadwick — " The Traveller" —John Van Lewen, M.D —
St. Andrew'sParish,Dublin—IUoquea — London Antiquities — "Tiie
Complete Irish Traveller" — Dr. Samuel Pcgge— Sir James Flower,.
Bart. — Sir Robert Peel, Bart., &c.

Minor Queries with Answers: — Sir Charles Bawdin — Admiral Had-
dock— Nevinson — Dr. Hoadly's Private Theatre — Hanged, drawn,
and quartered.

REPLIES: — Archbishop Leighton's Works, by John N. Pearson, &c.,
— Henry Smith, Lecturer of St. Clement Danes, by C. H. & Thomp-
son Cooper — Herbert Knowles — How the Lord High Chancellor goes
to Westminster, by Edward Foss — Mont St. Michael, Normandy.

Replies to Minor Qctebies: — Vincent Dowling, and the Parliament
of Pimlico — The Hill Family: Abigail Hill— Tennyson's "Enid "—
Vertue's " Draughts " — Shooting Soldiers — Greek Word — Motto —
Libera vi animam meam, &c.

Monthly Feuilleton on French Books.

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : —

First Series, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 61. 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 3/. 13«. 6d. cloth ; and

General Index to First Series, price 53. cloth, bds. may still be had.

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TRAVELLING BAGS, with SQUARE OPENING i Ladies'
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Writing and Dressing Cases, and 500 other Articles for Home or Con-
tinental Travelling, illustrated in their New Catalogue for 1859. By
Post for Two Stamps.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, Manufacturers of Officers' Barrack Furniture
and Military Outfitters (see separate Catalogue), 18. and 22. Strand.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas. — D'ALMAINE
and Co., sole makers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, 104. New
Bond Street, W. The Royal Pianofortes combine all the latest im-
provements of construction, with richness of tone and elasticity of
touch, are uninfluenced by the varied effects of climate, distinguished
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ranted.

D'ALMAINE & CO. (established 1785), 104. New Bond Street, W.

2»'i a VIII. Sept. 3. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

181

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3. 1859.

No. 192. — CONTENTS.

KOTES : — On the Date of Erasmus's First Visit to Oxford, by Rev. W.
J. Deane, 181 — Abel Uoper and George Kidpatli, by J. Yeowell, 1S2 _
Old English Booksellers, by John Camden Hotten,/6. — The Badge
of Poverty, by W. J. Pinks, 181 —Leigh Hunt's Translation of Walter
Mapes's Drioking Song, 185.

Minor Notes : — Birth-place of Sir Isaac Newton — Matriculation Lists
of Students of the Inns of Court — Sedan Chairs in Dublin — Petrarch
and Lord Falkland — Nugce — The late Duke of Wellington ,185.

MiivoR Qderies : — Society for Assurance against Purgatory — Lord
Fane: Count De Sallis — Marriage Customs — Bartholomew-Cokes —
Side Saddles — Falston House, Wilts — Hampshire Arms — Edward
Underbill the "Hot Gospeller"— Albion Magazine —Dallaway's
"Constantinople"- Vanduiss —Polytheism — Sir Peter Gleane —
Corrected Printers' Proofs, 186.

Minor Qderikswith Answers:— Sir Humphrey May, Chancellor of
the Duchy of Lancaster, teiap. Charles I.— William Wood — Sau
Giovanni Gualbcrto — " Merry Tricks " — Cantankerous, 188.

REPLIES :— Junius and Henry Flood, 189 — Sundry Replies, by Pro-
fessor Do Morgan, 190 — Oriainal of the Faust Legends, by J. Macray,
191 — Tricolor, Origin of, as the Flag of France, 192 — Major Dimcan-
sonand the MassacreofGlencoe, 193— Origin of the Judges' Black Cap,
by Rev. T. Boys, 76. — St. Patrick's Ridges, 191 — Chatterton Manu-
script, by Hugh Owen, lb.

REi>i.TBt TO Minor Queries: — James Moore— York House — Titles
conferred by Oliver Cromwell — Pishty, Cess-here — Christopher An-
stey — A Bear Hunt on the Thames — Family Herald Essayists —
— Shim — " Ligaturas facere"— Peter Gleane, &o., 195.

ON THE DATE OP ERASMUS's FIRST VISIT TO OXFORD.

Writers of the Life of Erasmus have always
found it a difficult matter to settle the*dates of
the chief occurrences in his history. The errone-
ous dates appended to many of the letters, the
diflferent modes of reckoning the year which .he
employed, and his ignorance of his own exact age,
have compelled biographers to resort to conjec-
ture in fixing the events of the first forty years of
his life. Perhaps the most difficult point of all to
settle, is the true date of his first visit to EnglanjJ
and Oxford. Almost all the earlier biographers —
as Gaudin, Knight, Hess, Le Clerc, Bayle, Bu-
rigni, and Jortin — place it in 1497 ; while Miiller
and the writers in Ersch & Gruber's Cydopcedia,
and the new Dictionnaire BiograpJiique, fix it in
the following year. There is no doubt that Eras-
mus was resident in England at the later date ; the
question is, had he paid a previous visit ? The
case stands thus : — Under the date 1497 we have
three letters written from Oxford ; one from Colet,
introducing himself to Erasmus, and congratulat-
ing him upon his arrival at the University ; one
from Sixtinus laudatory of some verses of Eras-
mus, which had been shown to him by Prior
Charnoct, and sending him in return an epigram
of his own ; and the third, a reply of our scholar
to this last, dated " Oxoniae, 28 Octobris, anno
1497." There is a fourth letter, written from
London, Dec. 5th of this same year, wherein men-
tion is made of his acquaintance with Colet,
Grocyn, and More. This is followed on the 14th
by one from Paris. On the other band, the an-
swer of Erasmus to Colet's address is dated 1498 ;
and as it must have been written immediately on

the receipt of the latter (for there could have
been no delay in replying to so warm a greeting
from a resident in the same city), one of the two
dfctes is manifestly wrong. Thus far the rival
signatures destroy one another. But it is argued
that Colet did not reside in Oxford till 1498, the
assertion being sustained by a reference to Knight's
Life of Colet, where it is said that the future
Dean " returned from his travels on the Continent
in 1497, was ordained Deacon, Dec. 17th of the
same year, stayed some months with his parents,
and finally read his theological lectures at Oxford
in 1498," But Miillei', from whose work the
above argument is derived, has trusted too impli-
citly to the German translation of Knight's book.
The English expression is quite indefinite : " he
seems to have been travelling abroad till 1497, or
thereabouts." And there must be some remark-
able error in the date of his ordination, as Knight
mentions that he was admitted to the priesthood
" in festo S. Annas [July 26], 1497," nearly five
months before he was ordained Deacon. Certainly,
the documents from which Knight compiled his
biography may have reckoned the beginning of
the year from Advent Sunday, in which case
Colet would have been ordained Deacon in what
we should call 1496 ; but this would strengthen
the argument for his presence in Oxford in the
following year. It is, farther, nowhere said that
Colet's lectures commenced in 1498 ; indeed,
Wood* notices that he expounded S. Paul's
Epistles in 1497, 1498, 1499, &c. Another argu-
ment for the later of the two dates assigned to
Erasmus's visit must be mentioned. We know
that he spent the first nine months (with the ex-
ception of a week or two in January) of the year
.1497 at Cambrai and Tornhoens ; yet there are
many letters written from Paris, which city he is
supposed not to have reached till the middle of
December. Would he have had time to conduct
such a mass of correspondence in the short space
assigned to his sojourn there? The answer is
plain ; he was a very ready writer, and his year
often extended to March 25th, so that the time
allowed for the composition of these epistles must
be lengthened by three months. Again, one of
these letters t, dated December 14, speaks of his
having resided for some months at Paris. Now
is this consistent with his sojourn in England ?
But there is nothing in the letter which neces-
sarily implies that he is referring to the period
immediately preceding ; and farther, it contains a
distinct allusion to his visit to our island (" quod
apud Anglos, dum istinc abissem, parum sinceriter
egerit,") which indeed may suggest that the Epis-
tle, if wrongly dated, is dated too early, but which
completely refutes the notion of its being written
before any such visit had taken place. Once

Athen. Oxon., vol. i. p. 12.

t Ep. l^:

182

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'i S. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.

more, in a letter to Mountjoy, dated " Oxonio,
aiuio 1498," Erasmus gives his patron his impres-
sions of England and English society ; whence it
is argued that he could not have visited tile
country before. But this is trifling. It was under
Mountjoy's auspices that he first became ac-
quainted with England : what could be more na-
tural than that he should convey to the friend to
whom he owed his introduction the pleasure
afforded him by his increased knowledge of the
country and its literary society ? The chief argu-
ment, however, for Miiller's side of the question,
which the learned German keeps to the last, as
though it were decisive of the controversy, is this :
that in the Compendium Vitce, written by Erasmus
himself, it is said, "Revisit Hollandiam hoc animo,
ut maneret apud suos, sed ipsis ultro hortantibus
rediit Lutetiam." Hence it is argued that, after
leaving Holland, he did not go to England, but
returned to Paris. But I cannot see that this in-
definite statement in the Compendium refers un-
doubtedly to the period of which we are speaking;
nor, if it does, that it proves that Erasmus did not
visit England after his return to Paris. The
above are, I believe, the chief arguments for and
against the earlier date of Erasmus's first visit to
England. If we were quite certain of the time of
More's residence at Oxford, we might perhaps
find another reason for rejecting the opinion of
Miiller and those who have followed his guidance.
It was probably at Oxford that Erasmus became
acquainted with More, who, it is stated*, left the
University early in 1498, while our scholar con-
fessedly did not arrive there till towards the end
of that year. In a letter datedf " Parisiis, 12
Aprilis, 1498," Erasmus himself mentions More's
residence in Lincoln's Inn. His words are : "Nihil
refert utrum ad hunc mittas, an ad Thomam Mo-
rum ; is agit in CoUegio Lincolniensi." In this
Epistle likewise he speaks of having written to
Battus from England, and mentions London
Bridge in a familiar way: "Ejus nomen nemo
toto Londino non novit : habitat in aedibus pater-
nis Eduardi mercatoris super pontem Londinen-
sem." Lastly, if Anthony Wood's authority may
be trusted, there will remain no doubt that the
date of Erasmus's first visit to Oxford is 1497.
In many places of his Athence'l he distinctly states
that the learned Dutchman resided there in that
year. After carefully weighing both sides of the
question, I have come to the conclusion that the
only way to reconcile the seeming contradictions
in the Epistles, is to decide that Erasmus was in
this country during both the years in dispute.
But I say this with the utmost deference to those
who differ from me, and with every wish to give

* Life, by Cresacre More. Edited by Hunter. Ap-
pend., p. 374.
, t Epistle 29.

j E. rj- vol. i. pp. 12, 43., comp. Antig., lib. i. p. 237.

their full weight to any fresh arguments which
may be adduced on the opposite side.

William J. Dease.

Ashen Eectorj-, Aug. 18, 1859.

ABEL HOPER AND GEORGE RIDPATH.

These two worthies, among others, are thus
gibbeted in The Dunciad : —

" Earless on high stood unabash'd De Foe,
And Tutchin flagrant from the scourge below ;
There Ridpath, Roper, cudgell'd might ye view ;
The very worsted still look'd black and blue."
Pope's note informs us that "Ridpath and
Roper were authors of the Flying Post and Post-
Boy, two scandalous papers on different sides, for
which they equally and alternately deserved to be
cudgelled, and were so." Again Swift, in his
Journal to Stella, Oct. 28, 1712, complains, that

" These devils of Grub Street rogues, that write the
Flying Post and Medley in one paper, will not be quiet.
They are always mauling lord-treasurer, Lord Boling-
broke, and me. We have the dog under prosecution, but
Bolingbroke is not active enough ; but I hope to swinge
him. He is a Scotch rogue, one Ridpath. They get out
upon bail, and write on. We take them again, and get
fresh bail ; so it goes round."

It is not, however, generally known that both
Roper and Ridpath died on the same day, viz.
on Saturday, Feb. 5, 1726, as we learn from The
Weekly Journal of Feb. 12 of that year : —

" On Saturday last died Mr. Abel Roper, formerly a
bookseller in Fleet Street, and a proprietor of The Post-
Boy, in which paper he has left such abundant testimo-
nials of his zeal for indefeasible hereditary right, for
monarchy, passive obedience, the Church, the Queen, and
the Doctor, that the public can be no strangers to his
principles either in Church or State.

" And the same day died his celebrated antagonist,
Mr. George Ridpath, proprietor and first projector of The
Flying Post, which he set up in May, 1695, and carried
on without interruption till the year 1713, when several
prosecutions against him for some reflections on the then
administration, forced him to fly to Scotland, his native
countr.v, and from thence to Holland, where he wrote
Parliamentary Right Maintained, or the Hanover Succes-
sion Justified; in answer to Dr. Bedford's Hereditary Right
to the Crown of England Asserted, He returned to England
upon the accession of his present Majesty, and was made
one of the patentees for serving the Commissioners of the
Customs, &c., in Scotland with stationery wares. He
understood the history of his own country as well as most
men, as appears from his Tracts relating to the Darien
Companj', the Union, and several other pieces he wrote
and published in defence of the antiquitj', indcpciidency,
and all the rights and prerogatives of that ancient king-
dom both in Kirk and State."

J. Yeowell.

OLD ENGLISH BOOKSELLERS.

Among the many chapters of unwritten bio-
graphy that remain yet to be jotted down and
recorded in the friendly pages of " N. & Q.,"

2"^ S. YIII. Sept. 3. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

183

none will prove more curious, or elucidative of
the doubts and difficulties which beset the by-
ways of Hterai-y history, than the lives of the
old-fashioned country booksellers. There arc the
cheap publishers of old London Bridge, with their
ballads, and chap-books, and horn-books, and
medicine from the Indies, and printed charms to
drive away all the wicked devils that were so
very troublesome in those days ; — these worthies
we hear of in DnntovUs Life and Errors, and in a
few other odd old books. But of the old country
publishers and booksellers we know nothing, and
can learn but little from direct sources. On a
Civil War tract occasionally we find the name of
a local dealer who was sufficiently loyal or re-
publican to thunder forth another political mani-
festo ; but with the event his courage or his
capital appears generally to have been exhausted,
and we hear nothing more of him until, perhaps,
in the gay days of the restored Charles, we find
his name once more appended to a funeral ser-
mon or a judge's charge to a jury.

Singular lives these bookish old fellows must
have passed in the quiet country towns. Their
parcels of new books would probably reach them
twice or four times a-year, by lumbering waggons
a month or more on the road. Their shops must
have created but little excitement in the matter
of window display, a few sermons or political
pamphlets, probably, alone adorning the small
green glass lattice openings. I imagine these,
because I find their titles more frequently soiled
than other old printed pieces. What a sensation
a New Academy of Complements, or Wits' Recre-
ation, or a volume of Merrie Jests, must have
created when the window should receive one of
these ! What disputations between the village
schoolmaster and the dry old bookseller there
must have been ! But the chyrurgeon of the
neighbourhood, and^the clergyman, and the grey-
bearded, blear-eyed old alchymist — the doubt
and fear of the villagers, and the subject of occas-
sional prayer to the parson — would all hold
friendly chats with him, and would often drop in,
even as they do to this day, to learn if he had
anythingyV-es/j.

Of such an order, although with a larger
audience for his customers, was William London,
bookseller of Newcastle-upon- T^ne, in the days of
the Commonwealth.

Your correspondent N. T. (2"'^ S. viii. 105.),
under the heading of " Solution of a Biblio-
graphical Puzzle," mentions this trade-worthy in
connection with —

"The First Catalogue of the most Vendible Books in
England, Orderly and Alphabetically digested, the like
Work never yet performed by any. London, 1658. 4to."

and states, as is well known to those who are
accustomed to examine bibliographical books, that
the authorship of this interesting work has long

been a difficulty to the explorer in literary his-
tory. N. T. meets with a small work, Hoole's
Phraseologia Anglo-Latina, 1656, bearing at the
foot of the title the names of the well-known
pamphlet and ballad printer in the time of Crom-
well and Charles IL, E. Coles, and the less known
bookseller, William London, of Newcastle. Dib-
din, Aikin, Darling, and other gentlemen in-
terested in this first bibliographical guide * in the
choice of books, have each assigned it to a pro-
bable compiler ; but N. T. now comes forward
with a " solution to the puzzle " in the person of
the Newcastle bookseller, and I am delighted to
be able to confirm his discovery, and place, with-
out the least chance of success attending any
other claimant, the laurel of authorship upon the
brow of the right man.

William Lee, " at the Turk's Head in Fleete
Street over against Fetter Lane," as he styles his
residence, published books as early as 1640.
Like London of the Tyne, and Nath. Crouch of
the Poultry, he occasionally took pen in hand and
turned author. Three- and- twenty years after the
date just mentioned, he informs us in the Preface,
he was prevailed upon by Dr. Hawkins to bring
out another edition of his —

" Youths' Behaviour, or Decencie in Conversation
amongst Men, as also a Discourse upon some Innovations
of Habits and Dressings; against powdring of Hair,
Naked Brests, Black Spots, and other unseemly Cus-
tomes. Lond. 1663."

This contains, he assures us, many passages
not given in the earlier editions. Perhaps the
following, from the Table of Words of Sciences,
was a late addition ; at all events it settles the
dispute about Wm. London and the authorship
of the Catalogue : —

" Catalogue, a roule of names, or Register, a Cataloging
of Books, which Mr. London, Bookseller of Newcastle,
hath published."

Contemporary writers of dignity and name were
above noting the labours of a literary tradesman,
and it remained for a friendly London bookseller
to point out who this Wm. London was, although
years afterwards, so highly was the performance
thought of, that it was accredited to an arch-
bishop.

Dibdin has already told us that the author of

* I say the first Guide, although it was not the first
Catalogue. In the year 1631, appeared " A Catalogue
of certaine Bookes which have been published, and (by
authoritie) printed in England, both in Latine and Eng-
lish, since the year 1626, vntil November, 1631." 4to.
nine leaves. This Catalogue was probably continued for
some years. Then in 1655, there was published " A
Catalogue of the most approved Divinity-Books which
have been printed or reprinted about twenty Yeares past,
and continued down to 1655, Mensis Martii 26. Lond.
12mo." And there may have been others, long since
wasted, as catalogues generally are, by the generation in
whose time they happen to appear.

184

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. VIII. Sept. 3. '59,

the Catalogue, " who ever he may chance to be,"
was a Man; and a little examination into Lee's
volume compiled (or at least edited) by him,
will convince us that he also was " a Man," and
what is often termed a " character." His advice
to youths in the " matter of Decencie " seems
very droll to modern ears.

" 9. In yawning howl not ; but if thou beest con-
strained to yawn, by all means, for that time being,
speak not, nor gape wide mouthed, but shut thy mouth
with thy hand, or with thy handkerchief, if it be need-
full.

" 10. When thou blowest thy Nose, make not thy
Nose sound like a Trumpet, and after look not within
thy handkerchief.

" 14. Hearing thy Master, or likewise the Preacher,
wriggle not thyselt; as seeming unable to contain thy
self within thy skin, making shew thy self to be the
knowing and sufficient person, to the misprice of others."

Lee was partial to a still and immovable de-
portment, and continually requests the yduths —

" 21. Neither to shake thy head, feet, or legs. Rowl
not thine eyes. Lift not one of thine eyebrows higher
han the other. Wry not thy mouth."

He gives a curious piece of information as to
the use of Thee and Thou. You, Lee says, should
be used to persons of lesser rank, and Thee and
Thou to friends and superiors. His ideas of dress
were very precise.

" Carr}' not about tlsee any sweet smell, wear not thy
hat too high on thy head, nor too close on thine eyes,
not in the fashion of swaggerers and jesters."

" Untruss riot thy self in company," Lee es-
pecially requests ; and he farther remarks that
it is proper to " comb one's head once a day, yet
not too curiously,"

A handkerchief, it appears, when clean and
'_' scarcely made use thereof," it v/as quite proper,
indeed fashionable, to present to a friend who
might seem of a sudden to require the use of
one.

« In the time of Mirth, or at the Table, speak not of
melancholick things, of wounds, of sculs, of death,"

Lee very properly remarks ; adding also farther
on —

" Being set at the Table, scratch not thyself ....
Knock no bones upon thy Bread, or trencher ; to speak
better, it is the counsel of the most wise, that it is not
fit to handle bones, and much less to mouth them."

And many other curious sentences does this
odd^ old bookseller give us for our proper be-
haviour. The simplicity of his note upon Printing
is very amusing : —

" Printing, an art invented by John Guttenberge,
and being so usefuU is still much practised."

^ Cotton's Ttjpographical Gazetteer will, probably,
give much information about the old local printers
and booksellers. But there is one who attained a
notoriety far exceeding any of his London com-
peers, — Leonard Lichfield, Printer to the Uni-

versity of Oxford from 1642 to 1680. His cha-
racter as author, bookseller, and weathercock
politician will form the subject of another paper.
John Camden Hotten.

THE BADGE OF POVERTY.

By a rigorous act of parliament, passed in the
year 1697, the 8 & 9 Will. III., it was required that
all persons in receipt of parochial relief should wear
a badge bearing a large roman P, together with the
first letter of the name of the parish or place to
which they belonged, cut, either in red or blue
cloth, upon the shoulder of the right sleeve of the
uppermost garment in an open and visible man-
ner, as by the churchwardens and overseers it
should be directed. If any person refused to
wear this badge, it was lawful for any justice of
the peace to punish by ordering their allowance
from the parish to be abridged, suspended, or
withdrawn. And in extreme cases, in which the
honest pauper, whose mind revolted at the thought
of wearing this ignominious badge, which alike
proclaimed abroad his poverty and dependence,
pertinaciously refused to do so, a magistrate might
commit such an offender to the house of correc-
tion, there to be whipt and kept imprisoned for
any period not exceeding twenty-one days. As
the object of this statute (repealed by 50 Geo. HI.
c. 52.) was that the money raised for the relief of
the impotent and poor should not be consumed by
idle, sturdy, and disorderly beggars, the church-
wardens and overseers were liable to a fine of 20s.
if they administered relief to any one who had not
the badge of poverty upon his shoulder. This
disgraceful mark seems to have been worn by the
out- door poor of one parish at least, before it was
made compulsory by act of parliament; for we
find the vestry of St. James, Clerkenwell, in 1695,
oi'dering " that no pensioners shall have their pen-
sions paid to them unless they wear their badges
upon the outside of their garments so as it may
be seen." If they offended once or twice in this
particular their allowance was suspended, but the
third time the pension was entirely taken away.
The parish beadle turned informer against these
poor culprits ; and for the first offence he brought
to light he received %d., for the second \1d. If
the parish Bumble was not hawk-eyed enough to
discover the missing badge from the shoulder of
some poor pensioner, to make him look out
sharper in future, he was himself mulcted of half-
a-crown for the first oversight, and five shillings
for the second.

Does not the foregoing illustrate and explain a
phrase which has long been in colloquial use, "the
badge of poverty"? W. J. Pinks.

2'«> S. VIII. Sept. 3. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

185

LEIGH HUNT S TRANSLATION OF WALTER MAP£S S
DRINKING SONG.

This pretended drinking song, which has ren-
dered the name of Walter Mapes so popular, forms
a portion of his poem, Confessio Golice, lines 45.
to 52. : —

" Meum est propositum in taberna mori :
Vinum sit appositum morientis ori,
Ut dicant cum venerint angelorum chori,
' Deus sit propitius huic potatori ! '

" Poculis accenditur animi lucerna ;

Cor imbutum Hectare volat ad superna :
Mihi sapit dulcius vinum in taberna,
Quam quod aqua miscuit praesulis pincerna."

The following translation by Leigh Hunt, who,
at a good ripe age, has just been taken from
among us, has not, I believe, ever been printed.
It is copied from his own handwriting, as cer-
tified by Mr. Vincent Novello, and may be seen
in Addit. MS. 14,343, Brit. Museum : —

" I propose to end my days — in a tavern drinking,
May some Cliristian hold for me — the glass when I

am shrinking ;
That the Cherubim may cry, — when they see me sinking,
God be merciful to a soul — of this gentleman's Avay of
thinking.

" A glass of wine amazingly enlighteneth one's internals,
'Tis wings bedewed with nectar, that fly up to supernals ;
Bottles cracked in taverns, have much the sweeter

kernels,
Than the sups allowed to us, in the College journals."

Barnabee, Jun.

Minav ^aUi, •

Birth-place of Sii' Isaac Newton. — Until 1 saw
the following extract in this day's Stamford Mer-
cury, I was not aware that there was any doubt
whatever as to the birth-place of the most illus-
trious of our Lincolnshire worthies. All biogra-
phies that I have seen agree on this head, and
many prints have been issued of the present
Woolstborpe Manor on account of its supposed
interesting connexion with Sir Isaac Newton. It
is highly desirable that as a doubt has arisen on
this matter, it should be set at rest as soon as
possible ; perhaps we may have means of attain-
ing certainty now, which, if not promptly used,
may be denied to our successors ; but however
that may be, " the truth can never be confirmed
enough, though doubts should ever cease."

" In our obituary of this week is recorded the death of
a centenarian, Mr. Samuel Atter, of Woolsthorpe by
Colsterwortb, who completed bis 100th j'ear on the 1st of

April last He lived all his days in close

proximity to the birth-place of Sir Isaac Newton, of
whom he related many anecdotes, which had been handed
down to him by his parents. He used to contend that
Sir Isaac Newton was not born in the present manor-
house, but in a house adjacent, which was taken down
60 or 70 years ago ; and he was accustomed to point to
some beams in his own cottage, and tracery in the walls,

which he said came from the original manor-house in
which the great philosopher first saw the light."

Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg, Aug. 26.

Matriculation Lists of Students of the Inns of
Court. — The Probation Lists of Merchant Taylors'
School suggest the interest that would be taken
in the publication of the Lists of the Members of
the Inns of Court as entered in the books of the
Societies on admittance, especially as all copies of
such entries that I have seen state the parentage.
We have our Lists of Graduates of the Univer-
sities : and if the learned librarians of our Inns of
Court were permitted by the Benchers to edit the
lists of names, with the genealogical notice con-
nected with them, of former members of these
most venerable and ancient institutions, such pub-
lications would be highly esteemed. T. F.

Sedan Chairs in Dublin. — As an illustration of
the state of society in Dublin towards the close of
the last century, I send a copy of a short note ap-
pended to an interesting Biographical Memoir of
Bartholomeio Mosse, M.D. (Dublin, 1846), p.
32.: —

" During the period when this tax [on sedan chairs]
was levied, the [Lying-in] hospital published A List of
the Proprietors of Licenses for Sedan Cfiairs, Sec, together
with A Scheme for Card Assemblies, §-c. From one of
these curious little books, now lying before us, and in
which are likewise given the coats of arms of all the
benefactors of the institution (some of which armorial
bearings are still preserved in the wards of the institu-
tion), we learn that there were 257 private sedan chairs
in Dublin in 1787 ; belonging, besides the ordinary resi-
dent gentry, to one Duke, one Duchess, twelve Earls,
sixteen Countesses, eleven Viscounts, nine Viscountesses,
thirty-seven titled Ladies, one Archbishop, three Bishops,
five Lords, ten Baronets, forty-two Honourables, male
and female," &c.

This tax, which the governors of the hospital
were empowered to levy by an act of 25 Geo. III.,
for many years made a very considerable item in the
resources of the Institution, having amounted in
the year 1798 to 547Z. The sedan chairs in Dublin
at the present day would, I think, fall very far
short of yielding 547 pence; and, with the old
oil-lamps, " Charlies," hackney-coaches, Donny-^
brook Fair, &c., may be reckoned amongst the*
things of the past. Abhba.

Petrarch and Lord Falkland. — Petrarch con-
cludes his 29th canzone with the words: —

" lo vo gridando pace, pace, pace."
Has it ever been noticed that this line may have
suggested to the good and great Lord Falkland
his plaintive cry, when, as Clarendon reports, "sit-
ting among his friends, often after a deep silence
and frequent sighs, he would with a shrill and sad
accent ingeminate the words Peace, Peace " ?

C. W. Bingham.

186

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"'i S. VIII. Sept. 3. '50.

Nugee. — 'In this lack-a-daisical time of the
year, when correspondents are not inclined to con-
tribute nor subscribers to read any abstruse
lucubrations, it may not be inappropriate to ask
whether the following 7iugce, which I found lately
in the common-place book of a friend, are rightly
attributed to the authors whose names are at-
tached to them.
By Lady Hamilton : —

" Mon premier est un tyran ; mon second est im mon-
stre ; et mon tout ensemble est la misfere extreme."

By Charles James Fox : —

"Qaand on aime parfaitement le premier, on ne craint
point le second, et le tout ensemble est la felicite par-
faite."

It would be an insult to your readers, male or
female, to give the word which is the solution of
both; and the amiable feeling that prompts the
latter seems to indicate that the author is rightly
named, especially when we read another which he
is said to have penned : —

" My first does affliction denote,

"Which my second is destin'd to feel ;
And my whole is the best antidote
That affliction to soften and heal."

Perhaps some other correspondent can contri-
bute a few more nugce of the great Whig leader,
in whose elegance and taste all must delight, whe-
ther they concur or not in his politics. D. S.

The late Duke of Wellington. — In the Man-
Chester Guardian of 10th August, 1859, the honour
of the Duke's ancestry in the maternal line is
claimed by Britannicus for Wales, his paternal
descent being admitted to belong to England,
though Ireland is undoubtedly the country of his
birth : —

" By his mother's side he was old British or Welsh,
his mother being a daughter of the house of Trevor, of
Brynkinalt, Denbighshire (Lord Dungannon's residence),
where he spent some years of his boyhood, and where
may be seen the only battle-field on which the ' Iron
Duke' was ever vanquished, and that — pro pudor ! —
by a little Welsh girl not much older than himself, who
thrashed him well for cheating her brother at marbles,
and compelled him to disgorge his plunder; his brother,
the future Marquis of Wellesley, looking on and seeing
fair plaj' between the youthful heroine and hero. The
*Duke himself frequently told the anecdote with a dry
gusto, generally adding ' That was the only pounding 1
ever had, and I deserved it.' In after years he made in-
quiries for his victrix, who reaped from his generosity
substantial fruits of her victory. Picton, Combermere,
and Anglesey, were also of Welsh descent."

This anecdote appears to be worth preserving.

Artekus.
Dublin.

■Minav €Lutviti.

Society /or Assurance against Purgatory. — The
accompanying extract is taken from the current

number of the Quarterly lievieiv (vol. cvi. p.
80.) : —

" Na)', astounding fact, there is even a ' Society for
Assurance against Purgator}',' which, for three-pence per
week, undertakes to have the required number of masses
duly celebrated after the decease of the contributor."

Can the Continent boast of a similar institu-
tion ? W.

Bibliographical Que)-ies. — Can you oblige me
with the names of the authors of the following
publications ? —

1. "An Account of the Transactions in the North of
Ireland, a.d. 1691," &c. 8vo. London, 1G92.

2. " The True Impartial History and Wars of the
Kingdom of Ireland," &c. 18mo. 2nd ed. London, 1692.
( ? my copy wanting the date).

The letters " J. H." are affixed to the former,
and "J. S." to the latter. I may likewise ob-
serve, by way of a suggestion, that the letters "J.
H." are attached to " Coll. Hill's Letter to Mr.
Pottinger, Sovereign of Belfast, May, 1689,"
which is printed in the Appendix (p. 75.) to
Charles Leslie's very scarce .47iszoer to [Abp. King's]
The State of the Protestants in Ireland (4to. Lon-
don, 1692). Lowndes, in his Manual, mentions
these two books by King and Leslie ; but speak-
ing of King's, he makes a strange mistake, which
doubtless Mr. Bohn will correct : " A valuable
work, highly praised by Burnet, NIcolson, and
others. Has been attributed to Charles Leslie."

Abhba.

Lord Fane : Count De Sallis. — In the Gentle-
mans Monthly Intelligencer for January, 17.35,
under the head of "marriages," is the follow-
ing:—

" Mr. De Sallis, a native of Switzerland, to Miss J.
Fane, eldest daughter of the Lord Viscount Fane in the
Kingdom of Ireland."

Who was the Lord Fane, and is the present
Count De Sallis descended from the above mar-
riage ? S. Bedmosd.

Liverpool.

Marriage Customs. — Can any of your readers
enlighten me on a custom pretty prevalent at
marriages in the neighbourhood where I reside ?

When a young couple are starting on their
marriage trip, those left behind of the bridal party
rush to the door or to the windows of the house
and throw a lot of old shoes or boots after the
departing vehicle in which the newly married pair
are conveyed away.

This custom, according to my observation, is
peculiar to the middle class ; but I have observed
another somewhat similar, which is universally
prevalent among the lower class at what is called
" penny weddings," that is, a wedding at which
every one of the invited company is expected to
bear a proportion of the expenses. I have ob-

2»'« S. VIII. Sept. 3. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

187

served then at weddings of this class that on
returning from the place where the clergyman
has performed the marriage ceremony, the bride
and bridegroom, on reaching the doorway of the
house in which the customary dinner and dance
is to take place, are assailed by one or more of
the company discharging over their heads a napkin
full of broken bread and cheese, for which among
the assembled crowd there is an immediate scram-
ble to gain possession of a piece.

In what had these two customs their origin ?
The answer I have invariably received from those
engaged in them has been " it's all for luck."
This is scarcely satisfactory to me. Perhaps
some reader of " N. & Q." informed on this
superstition will furnish the desired enlighten-
ment. J. N.

Bartholomew- Cokes. — In reading the Preface
to Crowne's comedy of City Politiques, ed. 1688,
I found the conjunctive word " Bartholomew-
Cokes," which I do not remember to have met
with elsewhere. It appears, from the context, to
mean " a simpleton, or person easily overcome
with flattery." Perhaps some of your kind
readers may know something of its etymology.

K. B. P.

Side Saddles. Stoyr (i. pt. i. p. 243., ed. Strype,
1720) tells us these were first invented by Anne
of Bohemia, Queen to Richard II,, and the mar-
ginal note says : " Women first riding on side
saddles that were wont to ride astride ; " but on
a seal of Joan Countess of Flanders (given by
Oliver Vredius, page 29.), and by him dated 1211,
that lady is represented on a horse riding side-
ways. Her dress covers the saddle so much that
it cannot be made out. Can any readers of " N.
& Q." give more information on the subject?
Stow is generally a very good authority, but he
certainly seems to be in error here. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Falston House, Wilts. — Where is Falston House,
in Wiltshire, mentioned by Ludlow in his Me-
moirs as garrisoned by the Parliamentary party in
the Civil War ? Was there a house in Wiltshire
called Holston House ? or would this be the same
as Falston ? W. C.

Hampshire Arms. — What is the origin of the
red rose of Lancaster and wreath being the arms
of Hampshire? Was it conferred because the
train-bands of that county accompanied Henry V.
to Agincourt ? C. H. H.

Edward Underhill the " Hot Gospeller.'^ — In
the year 1563, according to a document preserved
in Heralds' College, Edward Undei-hill was resi-
dent at Hunningham in Warwickshire, and had
had eleven children, of whom Guilford, the eldest,
the godson of Lady Jane Grey, had died young.

Particulars are desired respecting the descendants
I of the above-named Edward Underhill, who died
j some time in the reign of Elizabeth. P. Q.

Albion Magazine. — A magazine under this title
was commenced at Liverpool in the beginning of
the year 1829 or 1830. If any reader of "N. &
Q." is in possession of the First Number, the loan
of it for a few days would be considered a favour
by Magal.

Dallaway's " Constantinople" 4to., 1797. — To a
copy I have is annexed an advertisement by the
author of his intention to publish a History of
the Sultans. I never met with such a work by
Mr. Dallaway ; but is it known whether he left
any work in manuscript, or any collections for
such a History ? J. R.

Vandniss. — Who was a Commissary-General
Vandniss, who fought on the side of the parlia-
ment in our great Civil War ? Could he be the
same as Vandrusk, often mentioned by Clarendon
and other writers ? W. C.

Polytheism. — The writer of the second leading
article in The Times of August 24, says that —

".A German philosopher has committed himself to the
idea that polytheism will be revived."

I am aware that in newspaper writing one can-
not always hope for the exact accuracy that is
required in the less hurried branches of author-
ship; and I also know that in Germany, England,
and elsewhere it has been the fashion to nickname
a certain class of thinkers Buddists. Neither of
these facts, however, explain the newspaper state-
ment. Will some one give us the name of the
polytheistic philosopher ? K. P. D. E.

Sir Peter Gleane. — He was of Clare Hall,
Cambridge, B.A. 1582-3 ; Sherifi" of Norwich,
1610; Mayor, 1615; knighted at Greenwich 13
June, 1624 ; M.P. for Norwich, 1628. In 1633
he gave to the church of S. Peter Mancroft in
that city a noble standing cup and cover, oa
which was represented the story of Abigail bring-
ing presents to King David. By his wife Maud
he had a daughter, Mary, married to William
Betters, gent. Arms : Erm. on a chief S. three
lions rampant A. Crest : On a crown a dog pas-
sant. Further particulars respecting him are de-
sired by C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Corrected Printers^ Proofs. — Among the curi-
osities of literature with which our great libraries
abound, can your readers refer me to any examples
of corrected printers' proofs of celebrated works ?
Probably some such exist in the British Museum,
but at present I am not able to call them to mind.

KaL£0.

188

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<i S. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.

Sir Humphrey May, Chancellor of the Duchy
of Lancaster temp. Charles I. — Where did he re-
side? Whom did he marry? What issue had
he ? Was Bab May his son ? A Mayfly.

[From the pedigree of May of Sutton-Cheynell, May-
field, &c., given in Nichols's Leicestershire, iv. 648., we
learn that Sir Humphrey May was the son of Richard
May, Esq., of Mayfield in Sussex, citizen and merchant
taylor of London. Humphrey was knighted in 1612-13 ;
M.P. for the borough of Leicester, 1623 and 1625 ; ob-
tained in 1629 the reversion of the Mastership of the Rolls ;
but died before it became vacant at Coldrey, Hants, June

9, 1630. His first wife was , sister of Sir Wm. Uve-

dale, of Wickham, knight r the second Judith (family
name not stated). He had seven daughters, but only
Philippa is mentioned, as posthumous, baptized at Isling-
ton, Dec. 17, 1630. The parentage of Baptist May has

not been traced, it having bafHed the researches of John
Nichols the Great, as well as those of the noble editor of
Pepys. Lord Braybrooke has furnished an interesting
note on the May family in Pepys's Diary, ii. 242. edit.

William Wood. — Mr. Craik, in his History of
British Commerce, says that a person of this
name, who was afterwards secretary to the Com-
missioners of Customs, wrote a Survey of Trade,
dedicated to George I. Was this the same Wil-
liam Wood as was patentee of the Irish copper
coinage ? Where can a copy of the work be seen ?
and where can a portrait of Wood the patentee be
seen ? Ex Quovis Ligno.

[The two William Woods were different persons. Wood
the patentee, and hero of the Drapier's Letters, died on
August 2, 1730. William Wood, secretary to the Board
of Customs, died on March 25, 1765, aged eighty-six.
There are two editions of his Survey of Trade, 8vo., 1718,
1722, in the British Museum. They are both the same
edition, except that the latter has aiaew title-page.]

San Giovanni Gualherto. — In Machiavelli's tale
of Belfagor, it is said, of one of the damsels pos-
sessed by the demon, " Ne mancarono i parenti di
farvi di quelli rimedii che in simili accident! si
fanno, ponendole in capo la testa di San Zanobi,
ed il mantello di San Giovanni Gualberto."
Who was the saint last mentioned, and when is
his day ? C. L.

[St. John Gualbert, Abbot, was born at Florence, and
founded the religious order of Vallis Umbrosa, Vallum-
brosa, or Vallombreuse — a spot thickly bestrown, ac-
cording to Milton, with leaves in autumn. He died, aged
seventy-four (some sar eighty-eight), at Passignano,
1073 ; his day, Ju>y 12." Particulars of his life will be
found in the Encyc. Cathol., art. Gualbert, and in But-
ler's Lives of the Saints. Both these authorities refer to
an exact life of S. John Gualbert by Blaise Melanisius,
with copious notes of Father Cuper the BoUandist. Seve-
ral distinct biographies of this saint will also be found in
the Acta Sanctorum, July 12, pp. 311 — 458.3

" Merry Tricks." — I have in my possession an
imperfect small quarto play, the remaining title
of which is Merry Tricks; but the title-page

being gone, there is no clue to the author's name
or the date of publication, and I cannot find a
play under that name either in Baker, or Watt,
or Garrick's MS. index to his Collection now in
the British Museum. The type is of the latter
part of the seventeenth century, or perhaps
earlier.

If any of your readers can give a clue to this
comedy, they will oblige R. B. P.

[The play of which our correspondent has a copy is
Ram Alley, or Merrie Tricks, written b3' Lodovick
Barrey, who is said to have been a gentleman of Irish
birth, but of whom nothing is known be3'ond the fact of
his being the author of this play — not even the place or
date of his birth or death. This play was first published
in 1611, and a second edition appeared in 1636. It is re-
printed in Dodsley's Old Plays (Collier's edit. v. p. 361.
et seq.^, the two editions having been carefully collated
for the purpose of making the text as correct as possible.]

Cantankerous. — Can any of your readers refer
me to any dictionary containing this word, or in-
form me in what sense the word is used by any
writer ? or whether it has been long used in the
English vocabulary? F. S.

[ Cantankerous is defined as contentious, in the archaic
dictionaries of Halliwell and Wright. We think the
word is also used in conversation, to signify unmanage-
able, self-willed, unruly. In Ogilvie's Supplement it is
explained as "vile in the highest degree, contentions,
disputatious," and is derived from con and tankerous. We
doubt whether the word has often found a place in writers
of any authority, or whether it is of very ancient standing
in our English vernacular.

Tankerous is fretful, cross, according to Halliwell, who
adds, that " it is sometimes pronounced tanhersome."
Whatever the age of tankersome and tankerous, the
somewhat similar tanglesome (discontented, obstinate,
fretful) appears to be of old English origin : " Tanggyl,
or froward, or angry," MS. cited by Halliwell.

In order to get at the true sense (i. e. the original
meaning) of the word cantankerous, the first question,
seems to be, what is the simpler form, tankerous.' We
believe this latter term to be nautical, and originally
French. Tangage is in Fr. the pitching of a ship ; tan-
guer, to pitch, and tangueux, applied to the ship itself,
one that pitches too much. This, to the crew, is a veiy
serious annoyance ; and the term tangueux, applied to
any very unmanageable, troublesome individual, may
possibly be the origin of our own tankerous. Old " salts "
do not always, in deriving words, observe the strict rules
of etymological propriety, and we have many nautical
terms which are strangely modified from the French.

De cant is also a French nautical term, meaning set on
edge, as a board that is half-raised, and not turned over.
Hence our own nautical word " cant," which, according
to Falconer, expresses the position of any piece of timber
that does not stand square. It then is said to be " on the
cant" {de cant). "Mettre une chose de cant" was a thing
forbidden to shippers, if the article was one which re-
quired to be put flat, and not on its side. We would
take the word cantankerous, then, to be wholly nautical :
cant-tankerous (cant-tangueux), any individual who is
both perverse in character and unruly in conduct. A
friend, however, suggests that perhaps cantankerous is,
after all, only a vulgar modification of contentious. About
our friend's suggestion all we can say is this : To our ele-
gant vernacular nothing is impossible. Some persons
may prefer deriving tankerous from the old Fr. v. tancer.

2»d S. VIII., Sept. 8. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

189

to reprimand, to scold. But on tlie whole we prefer tan-
gueux, as already stated.

It will perhaps be remarked that in the French " de
cant " (something tilted or set on one side) we have in-
advertenth' suggested the origin of our own decant, de-
canter. To decant is, properly, "to draw off or drain from
a vessel iy tHting."2

JUNIUS AND HENBY FLOOD.

(2"« S. viii, 101.)

" Liberavl animam meam : " — my statement
credited, its disclosure approved, its motive justi-
fied, I have nothing more to desire : though, for
the credit's sake of my informant, it would plea-
sure me to see Henry Flood's title to the Junian
honours duly affirmed. I have neither sympathy
with his politics, nor interest in his reputation.
Were my informant living, he would say the like
for himself: he being dead, I say it for him. But,
had he been — what I am sure he was not — zealot
enough to invent a fable in aid of any man's fame,
he was not fool enough to undo his own work by
the appendage of its successional concealment.

Fully recognising the principle asserted in " N.
& Q." — the establishment of a truth — and desiring
nothing else, the position of Henry Flood, his
genius, and his temper, suggest him to me as a
more probable "Junius" than most of his fellow-
designates, and quite as much so as any of their
rather numerous array. Some among them were
bis superiors in station; others equalled him in
talent ; and a few might have been quickened
with his vehement and vindictive spirit : but the
man has not yet been evoked from the grave-dust
of nearly a century, in whose living person were
combined those threefold essentials of a Junius
which met in Henry Flood. And, therefore, when
in 1814 he was named to me as that mysterious
personage, I wondered, not that he had been over-
looked in the conjectural list of the Junii, but
that a high place had not been assigned to him
among its highest names.

Against his authorship of Junius, dates and dis-
tances interject apiei'7-e d'achoppement which can-
not lightly be pushed aside, and may not be
jumped over. I leave those who have more time
and opportunity for consulting Irish records than
are possessed by me to deal with them : for, as
another Hibernian celebrity. Sir Boyle Roche,
observed, "A man cannot aisily be in two places
at once, barrin' he is a bird." So, if H. F., upon
his little affair with Mr. Agar, was actually a jail-
bird in the Kilkenny cage from September '69
to Aprir70, he could not well have been in* Lon-
don during that period. But Irish justice ninety
years ago was not over-particular — in cases of
the Duello especially — with patrician delinquents ;
and few judges then on the Bench knew how soon

Harry Flood's might not be their own turn. It
is not impossible, therefore, that bad was accepted,
and the gentleman homicide uncaged to ply his
beak and talons upon the Junian quarry.*

Colonel Luttrell had experience enough, personal
and parliamentary, of " that d— d fellow, Harry
Flood," to identify him with Junius ; and so had
poor Jerry Dyson — the "fears" of that good-
natured essayist for the loss of Jerry's Irish pen-
sion notwithstanding. Electro-biology might not
have been understood in November, 1771 ; but
assuredly, either Junius's spirit visited Flood in
Dublin on the 2oth of that month, or Flood's
spirit flashed over to Junius in London on the
27th. Let philosophers determine which. Sir
Lawrence Parsons's anecdote (he was Lord Rosse's
ancestor) claims our more serious attention. H.
F.'s "fixed look" at his wife, when he suddenly
entered the room and found her ladyship chatter-
ing away on the propriety of Junius making his
real name known, raises a very distinct inference
from those " ambiguous givings-out" and " tricks
of custom" which pretenders are so apt to prac-
tise. I have heard another of my Tory friends —
John Taylor, of The Sun — tell a pleasant instance
of Sir Philip Francis in this particular. Sir Boyle
Roche's dictum, however, abides unshaken ; and
the gods will not annihilate space and time, even
to make lovers or critics happy. And now, once
mora acknowledging the kindness and confidence
extended to me in "N. & Q..," I leave my com-
munications — subsidiarily to that truth which we
all desire to see established — to their

Valeat Quantum.

[The accuracy of our correspondent's sugges-
tion, that Flood may not have been imprisoned
until his (rial, but out upon bail, is confirmed by
the following cutting from an Irish paper which
has been discovered since our Note {ante, p. 103.)
was written : —

« Dublin, Sept. 26, 1769. Henry Flood, Esq., who lately
accepted a challenge from James Agar of liingwood, Esq!,
who fired the first pistol, which was returned by another
shot from Mr. Flood, and which killed Mr. Agar, is ad-
mitted to bail on a security of 20,000/."

This appears to us to confirm the argument that
Flood could not have been Junius ; for it could
scarcely be supposed that he who had killed Agar
in a duel on the 26th August, had consequently
an indictment for murder impending over him,
and was forced to find bail for 20,000/., would at
that anxious period have written no less -than

* This volucrine metaphor was applied to Henry Flood
in a reciprocation of those charming amenities which in
his daj's delighted the Irish House of Commons, and in
which he sometimes got as good as he gave. An angry
opponent, with allusion to his features, and, it may be, to
some personal mishap, pointed him out as a vulture
hanging over his prey, with "a broken beak and a cada-
verous aspect." — Tantctne animis ccelestibus.

190

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»« S. MIL Sept. 3. '69.

three letters in the character of Junius to the
Public Advertiser.']

I thought people were chiefly disposed to consider
Junius s Letters the production of Sir Philip Fran-
cis, K.B., still not so universally but it may be
considered a moot point, though time perhaps is
advancing to cover the subject with an impene-
trable veil. At p. 102. of " N. & Q." there is
mention made of a " Classic Commentator," who
compared the satire of Henry Flood with the
epigrammatic severity of Archilocus. This "Com-
mentator" was a man of most transcendent talents,
■whose prose compositions have scarcely any rival,
and who was the subject of inquiry under the
name of Delta (P' S. x. 134.). He was the
Rev. John Robt. Scott, D.D., of Trinity College,
Dublin, and was author of a work of 214 pages, en-
titled A Review of the Principal Characters of the
Irish House of Commons., by Falkland, Dublin,
MDCCLXxxix. At pp. 203 — 209. is a character of
Henry Flood; and at pp. 177 — 181. of Warden
Flood, a kinsman of Henry, who was endeavour-
ing to follow in the steps of the latter, but " non
passibus sequis." The description of Henry Flood
is a fine specimen of elegant composition, and in-
clines one to think it not improbable that he
might write such a book as Junius. To curtail
what Falkland has written for your columns is
impracticable; and although the work is ex-
tremely scarce, yet, if it can be found, it will well
repay the perusal. *•

SUNDRY BEFLIES.

The following remarks have been delayed by
press of other business, and may conveniently be
collected in one article.

Eliminate (2°^ S. vii. 234.) — Till very re-
cently this word was used only by mathematicians,
and always in the sense of eliminare, to drive out
of doors, to get rid of When it was said that
Ohm eliminated the laws of the current, the
word was incorrectly used, and made synonymous
with extrahere, instead of expellere, by a person
who supposed himself outside the house. It is to
be hoped that this inverted use will not become
common.

(2"'* S. iii. 272.; vii. 244.)—! attribute the
anathema against the nature of things to Person
merely because I have seen it so attributed in va-
rious places during the last thirty years. The
fitness of things requires that the story should be
told of a metaphysical drink-hard, which Person
was, and Fielding was not. No doubt this kind
of anathema suggested itself to many before either
of the two was born.

Dr. Waits (2'^d S. v. 523. ; vii. 279. 362.) — It is
useless to prove that Watts was of orthodox pro-

fession in the bulk of his life and writings. No-
body doubts it. What is wanted is, first, the
contents of his last pamphlet, which nobody pro-
duces, and secondly, the confirmation or refu-
tation of a story which I have often read, and
which is not, I think, alluded to in the references
above. It is that Watts, towards the close of his
life, wanted to make some'alteratlons in his well-
known hymns, and especially in the doxologies ;
but that his publishers, who held copyright,
would not consent. The narrators of this story
imply that the alterations would have made the
hymns heretical.

It is curious that in the logical example (vii.
364.) of induction. Watts has committed a palpa-
ble paralogism. He might as well have said that
a proposition which cannot |be proved from any
one book of Euclid cannot be proved from Euclid,
that is, from two or more books together.

vTroffTcuns (2"* S. vii. 441.) — The words olala
and vTr6<TTaffis, so different to metaphysicians and to
theologians, have led to a number of things worthy
of note. I am reminded by the article referred to
of the Precepta Doctrinae Logicce, Ethicce, Physicce,
Metapht/sica, Sphericteque of John Stierius, 4to.,
of which I know only London editions. Of these
seven at least were published in the seventeenth
century. The work may be strongly recom-
mended to any one who wishes to have, in a very
small compass, a digest of the mediaeval philoso-
phy. In the logic, Stierius gives the Greek of all
the technical terms and the great maxims : the
pages swarm with quotations from Aristotle. In
the metaphysics there is not a word of Greek. It
is true that Stierius here depends more on Sua-
rez, Mendoza, &c. than on Aristotle : but there
is enough of and from Aristotle to make the ab-
sence of Greek words remarkable. I conjecture
that Stierius thought that o'vaia and inrSffTuffis, used
as they must be in a metaphysical work, would
offend the theological eye. Perhaps some of your
readers may know of other instances ; and these
may suggest other reasons.

Weapon-salve (2°'* S. vii. 445.) — I said that
White's translation of 1658 was a second edition,
because the title-page of my copy has the words
second edition. Probably R. S. Q. and myself
have copies of the same impression with different
title-pages. The French original, now established,
purports to be a lecture given en une celebre assem-
hlee : it is commonly supposed that this was the
Academy of Montpellier. I should be very glad
to know whether the French work mentions this
Academy as the one in question. I have, on the
whole, some doubts that Digby really wrote this
tract : but I cannot make farther investigation at
present.

Natural (2"* S. vii. 475.) — Another use of this
word will serve to illustrate. In law books we

2>"> S. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

191

read of the Sovereign's natui'al subjects and iiative
subjects, meaning born subjects, without any refer-
ence to tlie derived sense of the word nature.
Accordingly, it seems that all the children of a
woman are natural, i. e. born of her, as opposed to
step-children and adopted children : while those
born in wedlock are also laivful. The coarse term
bastard was supplanted by the word natural, in
the sense of no more than natural. To find out
who first thus used it would indeed be looking
for a needle in a bundle of hay ; and to such a
discoverer, should he appear, I would submit the
farther questions, who first used the word Deist in
the sense of no more than Deist? and who first
described a lady who was worse than she should
be as no better than she should be. The same
law of formation runs through all these changes.

The style is the man himself (2^^ S. vi. 308. ;
vii. 502.) — The germ of this idea seems to lurk
in the Greek adage, 'Xvlphs x°-P'^i^'''VP ^« x6yov yvw
pi^erai, which passes, I believe, for a fragment of
one of the comedians.

Squaring the Circle (2"'> S. viii. 8. 58.) — The
conclusion to be drawn about exercises of this
kind is that four letters are nothing at all ; that
five letters are so easy that nothing is worth no-
tice unless the combination have meaning; that
six letters, done in any way, are respectable ; and
that seven letters would be a triumph. I have
seen only one combination of five letters with
meaning, as follows, given me by the friend who
made it : — •

LEAVE
ELLEN
ALONE
V E N O M

EN E M Y

George Sinclar'(2"^ S. viii. 67.) — Though of
Tio less designation than Professor in the Univer-
sity of Glasgow, this worthy was ridiculous in his
day. James Gregory, a better known mathema-
tician, calls him a " pitiful ignorant fellow." One
Sanders, whom he had attacked in print, assisted
by James Gregory, published in 1672, under the
name of Patrick Mathers, archbeadle of St. An-
drews, a satire against Sinclar, entitled The great
and new Art of weighing Vanity. Baron Maseres
reprinted this tract, in compliment to James Gre-
gory's memory, in his Scriptores Optici, London,
1823, 4to. See also the Macclesfield Correspon-
dence, ii. 241. 248. 255. Sinclar was professor of
philosophy, which in his day did not include phy-
sics, and he had been writing on hydrostatics in
the way in which people write who do not know
their subjects. The satire is sometimes entered
in catalogues as the genuine work of Patrick Mat-
thews.

Cambridge Costume (2"'^ S. viii. 74.) ; Squaring the
Circle and the converse; Harry-Sophister (viii. 86.) ;
and Mock Disptdations. — The square cap is rounded

at the edges by wear, so that a Harry-Soph often
has a circular tile. There was never any doubt
about this word when I was at Cambridge, though
it was then almost out of use. The undergradu-
ates of the three years were and are freshmen.
Junior Sophisters or Sophs, and Senior Sophs.
During the fraction of the fourth year in which
the undergraduate passed his examinations and
took his degree, being then of something more
advanced than even senior wisdom, he was kpi<To(po^^
awfully wise, and hence the word Harry-Soph.
I have seen this derivation several times in print
and heard it from old stagers; but I believe it was
only an undergraduate's word.

To return to the circular tile. The Harry-
Sophs used to be subjected to a certain num-
ber of mock disputations in the schools, over
and above the real ones, to make up the sta-
tutable number. I remember that the father
of my college took us all into the schools, as-
sumed the moderator's pulpit, and made a pair of
us occupy the respondent's and opponent's boxes.
The mock respondent then said Recte statuit New-
to7ius, to which the mock opponent answered Recte
non statuit Newtonus. This was a disputation, and
it was repeated as many times as the statutes re-
quired. The parties then changed their sides of
tlie house, and each maintained the contrary of
his first assertion. I remember thinking that it
was capital practice for the House of Commons,
if any of us should happen to get there. It had
been customary to introduce all manner of fun
into this mock proceeding, and the following story
was told in my day. A young gentleman who
was not conspicuous for mathematics was asked by
the mock moderator, in the mock Latin for which
the schools were so famous, Domine respondens,
quid fecisti in Academia triennium commorans;
Anne circidum quadrasti\f To which the respon-
dent made answer, showing his tile, Minime ! Do-
mine eruditissime ! sed quadratum omnino circulavi.

A. De Morgan.

OBIGINAL OF THE FAUST LEGENDS.

(2°'» S. viii. 87.)

Respecting Theophilus, whose fall and conver-
sion are said to form the original of all the Faust
legends, the following account is derived from Die
Geschichte vom Faust in Reimen; Die Deutsche
Volksbiicher von Faust und Werner, being the 4tU
vol. of " Doctor Johann Fav^t" von J. Scheible,
(Stuttgart, 1849). This volume is a reprint of
Professor Reichlin-Meldegg's valuable work on
Faust and Wagner ; and concludes with the lives
of the sorcerers Bacon, Zyto, Rausch, &c. from
Thorns' Early Prose Romances, and from other
works.

Theophilus was Vicedominus (i- ^- the next in
clerical rank to the bishop) in the sixth century,

192

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.

Tinder Justinian I,, in Ada, a city of Cicilia. The
office of bishop fell to him, but he declined it, and
remained vicedominus. The new bishop wished
to depose him, and therefore Theophilus applied
to a Jew, who had the reputation of being a ne-
cromancer. The Jew made an appointment with
him for the next night in order to bring him be-
fore his patron. When he came, the Jew said to
him, " Do not be afraid at what you may hear or
see, whatever it may be ; forbear also from mak-
ing the sign of the cross." The Jew conducted
him to the neighbourhood of the city, and after
he had made the required engagement, the Jew
showed him a multitude of people in white clothes,
and provided with lights, who uttered loud cries,
and with the prince sitting in their midst. This
was the devil, and these were his servants. The
Jew took Theophilus by the hand, and led him
before Satan. Theophilus promised all, and kissed
Satan's feet. " If he will be my servant," said
Satan, " I will help him." Theophilus must, in the
first place, renounce Christ the son of Mary and
then the Blessed Virgin, and bind himself to a
document signed with his own hand. According
to his wish, he was the next day installed by the
bishop in all honour. The good (sic) vicedomi-
nus soon repented of his devilish step. He threw
himself down before a temple to Mary, and fasted
and prayed, in the manner of our Lord, forty
days and nights. At length the Blessed Virgin
appeared to him at midnight. Theopliilus recited
an orthodox confession of faith, and begged she
would intercede for him with her Son. Mary
vanished, and appeared again beaming with radi-
ance. After the bishop (sic) had again fasted and
wept for three days and nights, and she made pro-
mises to him in her Son's name, the repentant
Theophilus vowed reformation once more, and was
so circumspect as to long to get back the docu-
ment which he gave ip the devil. After three
days of prayer the Blessed Virgin appeared to
him the third time with the document, which she
laid upon his breast while asleep. With this
document he went into the church on a Sunday
morning, gave it to the bishop, related, repent-
ingly, his contract with Satan ; and the bishop,
who received him to grace, commanded him, in
the presence of the people, to commit the fatal
contract with the devil to the flames. The face of
Theophilus, on this occasion, beamed like the sun.
The good vicedominus lay three days on the spot
where Mary first appeared to him, took leave of
his friends, and departed. The repentant vicedo-
minus was declared to be holy.* The legend of
Militarius is said to be founded on that of Theo-
philus : a bibliographical work on the literature of
the Faust legends, to the end of 1850, was com-
piled and published in a thin 8vo. hj Franz Peter.

* Vincent. Belluac. Hist. Spec. b. xxi. c. G9, 70.

A 2nd, enlarged, and improved edition appeared
in 1851 (Leipzig). J. Macray.

TRICOLOK, OHIGIN OF, AS THE FLAG OF FRANCE.

(2"^ S. vi. 164., &c.)

I ventured, on the authority of an eminent
Frenchman, to state that the tricolor flag was
originally the colours of the Orleans family, and
adopted by the people at the time Philippe I'Ega-
lite was in the height of his popularity. Several
correspondents denied this, giving the usual story
of the union of the white of Bourbon with the red
and blue colours of the city of Paris : they did
not, however, state the authorities when asked for
them (p. 335.). It always appeared to me most
incomprehensible that the people should adopt
the colour of the monarch against whom they had
rebelled, and of the troops .they were about to
attack. On looking into the interesting Memoirs
of Mrs. Elliott, I find (p. 33.) her account is
exactly that of my friend — that the populace took
the Orleans colours, red, blue, and white, instead
of green, which colour they had formerly adopted.
From the nature of her connexion with the un-
happy Duke of Orleans, and her presence at all
these events, that lady must have known the truth
of all particulars she relates. For my own part I
did not chance to remember that green was ever
the republican colour, and thought it a good point
on which to test her accuracy ; but on consulting
the large work — Tableaux Bistoriques de la Re-
volution, Paris, large folio, 1789, &c, — there is
this account: — On the night of the 11th July,
after the dismissal of Necker, was the first meet-
ing of the populace in the Palais Royal. They
were there harangued by Camille Desmoullns, who
told them " there was no resource but to fly to*
arms, and take a cockade by which to recognise
each other." He was rapturously applauded, and
went on: "What colours will you have? Cry
out ! Choose ! Will you have green, the colour
of hope ? or the blue of Cincinnatus, the colour of
the liberty of America and of democracy ?" The
people cried, " The green, the colour of hope."
This seems, however, to have been in use for a
very short time : for in the same volume, only a
few days after (see p. 44,), a story is told of the
sale of tricolor cockades — "qui venolent d'etre
substltuc 'h la cocarde verte." The truth of
Mrs. Elliott's account being thus confirmed in
one point, is it unreasonable to believe her on the
other, more especially as it is confirmed by the
testimony of a very intelligent Frenchman ? Your
readers must remember it is not a question whe-
ther the National Assembly adopted the tricolor,
or that it was oflfered to the king, or that Lafayette
made a thrasonical speech about it, but whence
was it originally taken ? Perhaps some readers

2''^ S. YIII. Sept. 3. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

193

of " N. & Q.," better versed in the history of the
period, could find something that would confirm
or disprove Mrs. Elliott's account. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

MAJOB DUNCANSON AND THE MASSACEE OF
GLENCOE.

(2"^ S. viii. 109.)

Not having seen Blackwood's Magazine for the
present month, I cannot say what view is taken
by the writer of the article contained therein re-
lative to the conduct of Major Robert Duncan-
son. I am unable to establish Duncanson's identity,
as I cannot trace his military career, but it is cer-
tain that a Robert Duncanson succeeded George
Wade as colonel of the 33rd regiment, February
12th, 1705. He was, I think, wounded May 8th,
same year, at the siege of Valencia de Alcantara,
and probably died in 1717, as he was succeeded
on March 12th of that year by Lieut.-Col. Henry
Hawley, who was promoted to the colonelcy of
the 33rd Regiment from the 4th Dragoons. The
latter officer died March 24th, 1759, being then
Colonel of the Royal Dragoons.

The massacre of Glencoe occurred on February
13th, 1692, and I believe that the regiments, of
which some members committed the massacre,
were commanded by Colonel John Hill and Archi-
bald, tenth Earl, and subsequently first Duke, of
Argyll. Duncanson was Major of the Earl of
Argyll's regiment, which was embodied in April,
1689, and was disbanded in 1697, after the Treaty
of Ryswick, owing to a vote of the House of Com-
mons "that all the forces raised since the year
1680 should be disbanded," and that the standing
army should be reduced to 10,000 men.

At the time of the massacre there was, I regret
to say, a Colonel John Hill in our army, who issued
an order dated February 12th, 1692, from Fort
William in Scotland, to Lieut.-Col. James Hamil--
toune to " march straight to Glencoe with four
hundred men of my regiment, and four hundred
men of my Lord Argyle's regiment under the
command of Major Duncanson, and there put in
due execution the orders you have received from
the Commander-in-Chief."

A Colonel John Hill was appointed to the co-
lonelcy of the 11th Regiment, May 8th, 1705, on
which day Duncanson was wounded at Valencia
de Alcantara. This Colonel Hill was a brigadier
at the unfortunate battle of Almanza, April 27th,
1707, where he led the 11th Regiment, and was
taken prisoner along with fourteen other officers
of that corps. He commanded the same regiment
at the siege of Mons, and was wounded, Septem-
ber 26th, 1709, during the siege, which ended
October 21st, same year, by the surrender of the
French garrison to the British army. He was
succeeded in the colonelcy of the 11th Regiment,

July 30th, 1715, by Colonel Edward Montague;
and Colonel Hill probably died at that period, as
I cannot trace his removal to the colonelcy of any
other regiment.

I refer your readers to Professor Aytoun's Lays
of the Scottish Cavaliers, edition of 1840, pp. 118 to
132. inclusive, and to Brown's History of the
Highlanders and Highland Clans^ for an account
of the cold-blooded piece of state policy known
and abhorred as the " Massacre of Glencoe."

G. L. S.

ORIGIN OF THE JUDGES BLACK CAP,

(2"'^ S. viii. 130.)

Zedler mentions, under Miilze, that certain
priests of N. Africa used to put on a cap before
officiating, in order to stop their ears against every
sound that might interfere with their duties. In
like manner it might be supposed that the judge,
when about to pronounce on a criminal the ex-
treme sentence of the law, puts on the cap as an
intimation that he can now give ear to no one,
and that Justice must for the occasion be deaf, as
formerly represented blind.

With us, however, while the judge wears a cap
when he condemns a prisoner to death, the pri-
soner also wears a cap when he is executed. Both
these practices are of ancient origin.

The practice of covering the criminal's head
when he suffered death was Roman ; e. g, " qui
parentem necassit, caput obnubito, coleoque insu-
tus in profluentem mergitor." (XH. Tables.^ So
in Cicero pro Rob., " caput obnubito, arbori infelici
suspendito." Hence the nightcap of our modern
hangings, though the hanging itself is diflferent.
The ancient Germans employed for a similar pur-
pose a black clothj swarte doc, or schwartze Tuch.
(Grimm, Deutsche Reehts Alter thilmer, p. 684.)

The practice of our judges, in putting on a
black cap when they condemn a criminal to death,
will be found, on consideration, to have a deep
and sad significance. Covering the head was in
ancient days a sign of mourning. " Haman hasted
to his house, mourning and having his head co-
vered." (Esth. vi. 12.) In like manner Demo-
sthenes, when insulted by the populace, went home
with his head covered. " And David . . . wept
as he went up, and had his head covered ; . . . .
and all the people that was with him covered
every man his head and they went up, weeping
as they went up." (2 Sam. xv. 30.) Darius,
too, covered his head on learning the death of his
queen. But, amongst ourselves, we find traces
of a similar mode of expressing grief, at funerals.
The mourners had the hood " drawn forward over
the head.'' (Fosbroke, Encyc. of Antiq. p. 951.)
Indeed the hood drawn forward thus over the
head, is still part of the mourning habiliment of
females, when they follow the corpse. And with

194

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.

this it should be borne in mind that, as far back
as the time of Chaucer, the most usual colour of
mourning was black. Atropos also, who held the
fatal scissors which cut short the life of man, was
clothed in black. When, therefore, the judge puts
on the black cap, it is a very significant as well as
solemn procedure. He puts on mourning ; for he
is about to pronounce the forfeit of a life ! And
accordingly the act itself, the putting on of the
black cap, is generally understood to be significant.
It intimates that the judge is about to pronounce
no merely registered or supposititious sentence ;
in the very formula of condemnation he has put
himself in mourning for the convicted culprit, as
for a dead man. The criminal is then left for exe-
cution, and, unless mercy exert its sovereign
prerogative, suffers the sentence of the law. The
mourning cap expressively indicates his doom.

Thomas Boys.

ST. PATRICK S BIDGES.

(2"0 S. viii. 89.)

In the collection of Letters which Dr. Richard
Parr subjoined to his Life of Ussher (Lond. 1686,
folio) is one " from the Bishop of Kilmore to the
most Reverend James Ussher, Archbishop Elect of
Armagh," dated "March 26, 1624," in which the
writer, complaining of the spoliation of the Irish
Church's^ revenue, says " Impropriators in all
places may hold all ancient customs, only they
upon whom the cure of souls is laid are debarr'd :
St. Patrick's Ridges, which you know belonged
to the Fabrick of that church, are taken away ;"
and he adds, " The more is taken away from the
king's clergy, the more accrues to the Pope's : and
the servitors and undertakers, who should be in-
struments for settling a church, do hereby advance
their rents, and make the church poor." This
letter is numbered LXXX. in Parr's Collections,
and LXXXIV. in Dr. Elrington's. {Works of \
Ussher, vol. xv. p. 272.) The late editor has not
exactly adhered to the orthography of Parr's edi-
tion, from which he professed to print, and he has
omitted to retain the former numeration, which I
think he should have given within brackets in
those instances where the two series did not coin-
cide. Nor has he effected a strict chronological
arrangement, although he thence deduces a rea-
son for changing the order of the Letters pub-
lished by Parr. He has not even remarked the
impropriety of styling Ussher " Archbishop elect"
there not being in Ireland any form of canonical
election and confirmation, consequently no conge
(Teslier, the sees being all donative, conferred as if
they were so many civil offices by letters patent
from the Crown. Of this it might have been ex-
pected that Dr. Elrington would have informed
his readers. In his Life of Ussher, pp. 69, 70., he
has quoted this Letter of the Bishop of Kilraore's

more correctly than he afterwards printed it in
the collected Works, and in a note he says,
"Among the duties reserved in ancient leases,
that denominated Ridges occurs frequently ; it
appears probable that a certain number of days in
harvest to which the lord was intitled became
commuted, and the duty ascertained by the mea-
sure of the pace in reference to that of time ;
hence a Ridge of work in sowing or reaping be-
came by mutual consent a substitute for the ser-
vice of one or more days." And he quotes from
Mason's History of St. Patrick" s Cathedral, p. 71.,
a statement in Ussher's Proctors Book for 1606,
showing that he had in that year received several
payments for St. Patrick's Ridges in several
places.

I would conjecture that the name of St. Pa-
trick's Ridges alludes rather to some ancient mode
of tithing in Ireland.

For an account of Thomas Moygne, Bishop of
Kilmore, 1612 to 1628, whose letter shows that
those " Ridges " had been only recently taken
away in 1624, see Harris' Ware, vol. i. p. 231., and
the very useful, because accurate, work of Arch-
deacon Cotton, Fasti Ecclesice Hihernicce, vol. iii.
p. 157. Abtekus.

Dublin.

CHATTERTON MANUSCRIPT.

(2"d S. viii. 94.)

The description of Bristoliensis leaves no
doubt of the identity of the MS. referred to; and
the librarian of the Bristol Literary Institution
has recognised it, as having been taken there for
comparison with Chatterton's will by some gentle-
man whose name has been forgotten — probably
Bristoliensis himself. If, however, it was pro-
nounced spurious upon comparison with any other
portion of that document than the signature, it
was perhaps a hasty conclusion. The will is writ-
ten in a stiff and formal copying-hand, with no
more character than in the writing of any other
attorney's clerk of the period ; and compared with
the signature (which agrees with my MS.) would,
to the suspicious, furnish evidence against its
authenticity. There is strong internal evidence
in favour of the MS. being an original composi-
tion, in the frequent change of epithets and nu-
merous corrections, contradicting the assumption
that it is only a modernised fragment of JElla by
Seyer. The water-mark in two leaves of the will
is identical with the MS., and the paper is of
similar texture.

Is there any evidence that Chatterton ever ex-
hibited a single scrap of the supposed literary
labours of Rowley, said to have been found in the
Redcllff chest ? That Mrs. Newton should have
been anxious in some degree to lessen the odium
that attached to her brother's long career of de-

2»*S. VIII. Sept. 3. '69.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

195

ception is natural, but her statements on that
account must be taken cum grano salis.

Can any subscriber of "N. & Q." give a clue to
the whereabouts of the original MS. of a fragment
referred to at the end of the first volume of
Grant's edition of Chatterton's Poeins, Cambridge,
1842? It was in the possession of the late Mr.
Richard Smith of Bristol in 1838. Hugh Owen.

James Moore (P* S. xi. 157.) — You had long
since, in reply to an inquiry by the late Mr.
Choker, some gossiping papers about Arthur
Moore and his family ; Arthur being the father of
James Moore Smythe, Pope's antagonist, who took
the name of Smythe, according to the .directions
in the will of his grandfather Wm. Smythe, whose
property he inherited. Arthur Moore, as we there
learn, rose from a very humble position, a foot-
man, it is believed, to be an M.P., a Commissioner
of the South Sea Company, and one of the Com-
missioners of Trade. He had, beyond most men
of his time, a knowledge of the principles of
commerce, and had great weight and influence
in the reign of Queen Anne. Have I hit on
another of the family, after whom his son was
named James ?

In the Memoir prefixed to the Diary of Ed-
mund Bohun (p. xxvi.) mention is made of a
Captain Moore of Charleston, S. Carolina, who is
supposed to have been James Moore, Secretary
under Governor Blake. This is just such an
appointment as Arthur Moore would have within
his influence. I subsequently find mention, in
History of Europe (App. p. 139.) of a Colonel
Moore, Governor of South Carolina. As this
colonel's Christian name was James, it is pro-
bably the same person ; not Arthur's brother.
Colonel Moore of Polyden, whose Christian name
was Thomas. This conjecture as to the relation-
ship of James Moore, the Secretary under Go-
vernor Blake, is strengthened by the fact that
among the bequests in remembrance in the will of
Arthur Moore is one to his friend James Blake.

J. M.

York House (2°^ S. viil. 121.) — One of your
correspondents in this volume (p. 128.) properly
laments over mistatements that unsettle localities;
and it is undoubtedly the peculiar function of
" N. & Q." to correct errors where they occur,
and carefully to avoid giving the sanction of its
authority to those that are apparent. How is it,
then, that I find a statement made under the title
of " Artists' Quarrels in Charles I.'s Reign,"
passed over without any remark ? Surely the
" York House," mentioned by Mr. Sainsbury
as the place from which some of Buckingham's
letters are dated, and which is referred to in Gen-

tileschi's memorial, is not Whitehall, nor any "por-
tion of the original fabric." That noble palace,
after being for three centuries the town residence
of the Archbishop of York, and thence called
York Place, or York House, was acquired, not by
purchase, but by a compulsory and illegal grant
from Cardinal Wolsey at the time of his disgrace
to Henry VIII., and was from thenceforward
known by the name of Whitehall.

The York House alluded to was in the Strand,
before called Norwich House, which was pur-
chased by Archbishop Heath in the reign of Queen
Mary in substitution for Whitehall. From that
time till the reign of James I. it was frequently
let by the Archbishops to the Lord Chancellors of
the day. We find it inhabited by Sir Nicholas
Bacon and Sir John Puckering in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth, and by Sir Thomas Egerton
and Lord Bacon (who was born there) in the
reign of James. Soon after Bacon's disgrace, viz.
in 1624, we find it was transferred to Bucking-
ham.

This, then, is the house mentioned by Genti-
leschi, whose depreciation of the " Statues and
Pictures " in it naturally irritated " Mr. Gerbier,"
who was employed by Buckingham in its decora-
tion. Edward Foss.

Titles conferred by Oliver Cromwell (2nd S. vii.
476. 518. J viii. 114. 158.)— In the second and
third editions of Noble's Cromwell (Birm. 1787,
Lond. 1737), the list of " Persons distinguished
by the Cromwells " will be found at the end of
vol. i.

P. 158. col. li., line 13., for Duncho read Dunch.
Line 14., for Burnel, read Burnell (so in the
Patent).

Sir Richard Chiverton does not occur in Noble's
list of Oliver's knights. Joseph Rix.

St. Neots'.

Pishiy, Cess-he7'e (2"^ S. viii. 9.) — One of your
corre.spondents asks whether the words " pishty "
and " cess-here " are used elsewhere as well as in
Gloucestershire. They are both common in Here-
fordshire. For the former, see Sir G. C. Lewis's
Glossary of Provincial Words (Murray, 1839),
p. 79. : —

" Pishtj-, s. used in calling to a puppy, as puss is used
in calling to a cat. Also used in the Forest of Dean."

Is " cess-here " usually thus spelled ? I have
always heard it pronounced as if it were " ses,"
" ses," and deemed it akin to the imperative of
the verb " seize," i. e. " fall on." A,

Christopher Anstey (2"'' S. viii. 167.) was Fellow
of St. John's College, Cambridge ; B. A. 1699—
1700; M.A. 1703; B.D. 1710; D.D. 1715. He
has Greek and Latin verses in the University
collections on the peace of Ryswick, 1697; the
death of William Duke of Gloucester, 1700; the

196

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 3.

death of George Prince of Denmark, 1708; and
the peace of Utrecht, 1713.

C. H. & Thompson Coopeb.
Cambridge.

A Bear Hunt on the Thames (2"'» S. vili. 148.)
— W. J. Pinks will find an interesting account
of " a bear-baiting on the Thames," a.d. 1539,
and how it involved Archbishop Cranmer in some
difficulty, in Soames's History of the Reformation
(vol. i. part ir., pp. 379-82.) He can also refer
to Strype's Memorials (vol. iii., part i., p. 327.,
A.D. 1554) ; and Annals (vol. i., part i., p. 285.,
A.D. 1559. E. C. Hakington.

Exeter.

Family Herald Essayists (2°^ S. viii. 131.) —
The author of the Es?ays here referred to is Mr.
J. C. Forrest, of 46. Gifford Street, Kingsland, N.

Septimus Piesse.

Vine Cottage, Tumham Green.

Shim (2°* S. viii. 169.) — The idea oi appearing
has a natural connexion with that of shining ; and
this connexion is traceable in various languages.
Thus schein, in old German, is both shine and
semblance ; <f>a&uixai in Greek is both to shine and
to appear; and in Ps. Ixxx. 1., " Thou that dwel-
lest between the cherubim, shine forth " (Heb.
hophia'), the shining forth seems specially to imply
manifestatio7i : "Thou that within the Holy of
Holies dwellest unseen, make thyself gloriously
visible, appear ! " Is it not possible, then, that
the provincial term shim, in the sense of seeming
or appearing, is connected with the old English
word shimmer, to shine, to gleam ?

"Shim. It seems. Wilts;" "Shim. Appear-
ance;" " Shim. A clear bright light." (Halliwell.)
Cf. in Sax. scima, splendour, and sciman, scimian,
splendere. Thomas Boys.

^^ Ligaturas facere" (2"^ S. vii. 437.) has another
meaning beside that given. It was a species of
magic said to be performed by tying a knot in a
cord, or string, exactly at some particular junc-
ture, and reciting some charm at the same time.
Persons were then supposed to be tied, as it were,
and hindered absolutely from performing what
they intended to do. The most common occasion
of making a ligature was by tying a knot at the
moment the words " conjungo vos" were repeated
at a marriage. This by French writers is called
" noiier I'aiguillette." The results were said to be
most serious, and only to be got rid of by a ridi-
culous and disgusting ceremony. The witch, no
doubt, took care to let the parties know what was
done ; and, like most superstitions, fear and men-
tal emotion really did the work. Ligatures to
prevent a joining were also common ; but the
most impudent of all pretensions were charms to
stop running rivers, nay, even to arrest the moon
in its course. These superstitions are of the re-

motest antiquity — your classic readers will re-
member

" Necte tribus nodis ternos, Amarylli, colores,"

as well as the charms of Medea. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Peter Gleane (2°* S. viii. 167.) was of Caius
College, Cambridge ; B.A. 1692-3.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.
Cambridge.

" Wliy every nation, every clime," §-<;. (2°"^ S. viii.
28.) — Dexter will find the lines respecting which
he inquires in a Seatonian prize poem, The Day of
Judgment, by K. Gljnn, M.D., 1757. This poem,
and Death, by Beilby Porteus (two years after-
wards), are the best known of the earlier success-
ful candidates for Mr. Seaton's prize. It is found
in many modern collections, e, g. among others,
in The Sacred Lyre, published at Glasgow in
1834. S. S. S.

County Voters^ Qualif cation (2"* S. viii. 70.)—
The forty-shilling freehold qualification was first
required in 1429. Before that time a sort of
universal sufirage appears to have prevailed, and
the statute 8 Hen. VI. c. 7. was passed to put an
end to such an anomalous and unequal state of
things. After reciting that " the Elections of
Knights of Shires in many Counties had then of
late been made by very great and excessive num-
ber of people dwelling within the same Counties,
of the which most part was of people of small sub-
stance and of no value, whereof every of them
pretended a voice equivalent with the most worthy
Knights and Esquires dwelling within the same
Counties, whereby manslaughters, riots, batteries,
and divisions among the Gentlemen and other
people of the same Counties would very likely
rise and be, unless convenient and due remedy
were provided," the statute enacts, " That the
Knights of the Shires shall be chosen in every
County by people dwelling and resident in the
same Counties, whereof every one shall have free
Land or Tenement to the value of Forty Shillings
by the year at least, above all charges." By the
10 Hen. VI. c. 2. the qualification must be situate
or arise within the county for which the freeholder
claimed to vote : a thing which was not expressly
required by the former statute.

I cannot pretend to offer an opinion as to the
relative value of the qualification ; but it is quite
clear that a forty-shilling freeholder, 400 years
ago, was not deemed a person " of small substance
and of no value." David Gam.

Grotesques in Churches (2°^ S. viii. 130.)— The
only explanation that I can suggest (and I never
heard any from any one else) as to the very com-
mon grotesque, " the head of a man with lolling
tongue," will be found by referring to the 3rd

i

a"*! S. VIII. Sept. 8. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

197

and 4th verses of the 57th chapter of the Book of
the Prophet Isaiah. F. A. Cabkington.

Ogbourne St. George.

Spontoon (2"'^ S. vi. 329. 421.)— The spontoon
carried by officers of infantry was a sort of light
battle-axe, resembling a good deal those of the
gentlemen-at-arms. Specimens can be seen in
the armoury of the Tower, and at the United
Service Museum in Scotland Yard. In the year
1745, the officers of infantry carried " half pikes,"-
which had an ornamental blade nine inches
long, and a light haft of ash six feet long; the
butt being shod with iron, to stick in the ground.
The readers of Rob Roy will recollect that Capt.
Thornton gave his "half pike" to a soldier.

F. A. Caerington.
• Ogbourne St. George.

Dr. Young and Voltah-e (2"^ S. viii. 134.) — I
believe the following is the correct version of Dr.
Young's epigram upon Voltaire, who had made
some very free remarks upon the characters oi
Satan, Sin, and Death, in Milton's Paradise Lost.
These lines are certainly more harmonious and
poetical than those quoted from W. Cole : —

" Thou art so witty, pi-otligate and thin,
At once Ave think thee Satan, Death, and Sin."

Soon after the death of Voltaire, some philo-
sophes having proposed to erect a monument to his
memory, an Englishman, who was staying at
Paris, undertook to compose the epitaph, as fol-
lows : —

" Hie jacet

VoUarius:

Qui

In Poesi magnus,

In Historia parvus,

In Philosophia minimus.

In Religione nullus :

Cujus
Ingenium acre,
Judicium pragceps,
Improbitas sumnia :

Cui

Arri.=ere mulierculae,

Plausere scioli,

Favere profani :

Quern

Dei hominumque irrisorem

Senatus physico-atlieus

Hoc lapide

Donavit."

F. C. H.
Paintings at Vauxhall (2"'* S. viii. 70.) — I re-
member seeing, in 1842, six or seven of the paint-
ings by Hogarth and Hayman, which formerly
decorated this once fashionable place of amuse-
ment, at the house of a picture-cleaner, Mr.
Gwennap of Tichborne Street, Haymarket. They
were purchased at the Vauxhall Gardens' sale in
1841, and had been consigned to Mr. Gwennap
for the purpose of cleaning, repairing, &c.

Most of the Vauxhalv pictures have been en-

graved, and copies are preserved in the extraor-
dinary collection of materials for the history of
the gardens formed by John Fillinham, Esq., of
Hanover Street, Newington.

Edward F. Rimbault.

Character of Mr. Hastings (2"'' S. viii. 131.) —
My reference to this article was derived from Sir
John Hawkins's History of Music (the new edi-
tion), p. 568., where the passage stands :

" The Character of Mr. William Hastings, written by
the First Earl Shaftesbury, and printed in Peck's Collec
tion of Curious Histoncal Pieces, No. xxxiii."

Walpole includes it among the writings of the
Earl in his Royal and Noble Authors, and adds :

" Printed originally in Peck's Desiderata Cwiosa, and
lately in the Connoisseur, vol. iii."

Park, however, in his edition of Walpole's work,
says in a note :

" Dr. Kippis states, and so may the present editor,
that he examined the whole of Evans's edition of Peck's
Desid. Cur. without finding this character of Mr. Hast-
ings inserted. Vide Biog. Brit., vol. iv. p. 263. In the
Connoisseur, however, it may be seen."

It is also printed in Bell's Huntingdon Peerage
(second edition, with additions), 1821, where it is
stated to have been inscribed, in " gold letters,"
under an original portrait of Mr. Hastings, pre-
served at Winbourne St. Giles, the seat of the
Earl of Shaftesbury.

I should add that an engraving from this por-
trait forms one of the illustrations to Mr. Bell's
curious volume. Edwaed F. Rimbault.

De Foes Descendants (2'"» S. viii. 51. 94.) —
David Erskine Baker died without children. His
brother, Henry Baker, died in his father's lifetime,
leaving one child, the Rev. William Baker, rector
of Lyndon, co. Rutland, who died in 1828, leav-
ing three children — the Rev. Henry De Foe Baker,
William Baker, M.D., and Mary Baker. The
Rev. Henry De Foe Baker resigned the vicarage
of Greethara on being appointed Warden of
Brown's Hospital, Stamford, where he died in
1845, leaving two children —the Rev. Henry De
Foe Baker and Harriet Elizabeth Baker. Dr.
Baker died in 1850, leaving four children — the
Rev. William De Foe Baker, Charles Bernard
Baker, Sophia Baker (who died in 1853),. and
Emily Dallas Baker. H. S.

" Le Bas Bleu'' (2»'» S. viii. 27.) — This elegant
little Interlude is from the pen of one of your cor-
respondents, Me. William Hugh Logan, banker,
Berwick-upon-Tweed. Besides two most useful
works, a treatise on the System of Scottish Bank-
ing, and the Law of Bills and Promissory Notes,
Mr. Logan is the author of several dramatic
pieces, by way of delassements from his graver
occupations. Mb. Logan's reputation for a finan-
cier' is held in deservedly high repute on the

198

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[2"d S. Vlir. Sept. 3. '59.

Border. He recently filled (he office of sheriflF of
Berwick, and may be said to be " the leading
man" of that burgh. M. L.

IlandeTs Hallelujah Chorus (2"'^ S. viii. 107.)—
I hope there is a better reason for standing on
.this occasion than that given in the " newspaper-
cutting," namely, the custom of the Christian
church for its members to adopt that reverent
attitude during the singing or saying of a doxo-
logy, at all times. W. J. Bebnhard Smith.

Temple.

Cespoole (2°'* S. vili. 110.) — Before giving a
decided answer to your correspondent's Query,
one would wish to see the "diary" wliich he cites,
or at any rate to know something about it. It
does appear likely, however, that Liverpool was,
as he suggests, the place intended. Passing from
Preston to Chester, a traveller would as probably
as not go via Liverpool. But why should Liver-
pool be called Cespoole ?

1. Chester, originally Deva, because situate on
the river Dee, was afterwards Cesti-ia, or Cestrea,
and Cheshire was Cestre-sJiire.

2. Chester, or Cestrea, had by charter certain
extraordinary privileges : —

" la those tracts are several other ports, all subordinate
to the comptroller of Chester ; and even Liverpool, in the
patent, is styled a creek of the port of Chester.'" — Pennant's
Tour in Wales, ed. 1784, i. 206.

May we not, then, form a fair conjecture as to
the origin of the term Cespoole ? While Liver-
pool, already an infant Hercules, was deemed only
" a creek of the port of Chester " (or Cestria), we
must also bear in mind that a pool was in fact the
original site of the town ; and therefore, while
the inhabitants called it Lever-poole or Lyver-
poole, the men of Chester, zealous for their own
patent rights, might very naturally call it Cestre-
poole, and by abbreviation Cespoole, i. e. the pool
of Chester — as an equivalent to what it was by
the Chester charter, a creek of Chester.

With regard to the supposed shortening of
Cestre-poole into Cespoole, it is worthy of ob-
servation that the old form of " Liverpool " itself,
namely Leverpoole or Lyverpoole, experienced an
abbreviation, and became Lyrpole (Leland), or, as
we find it in an old map, Lerpoole.

It does not, however, by any means follow that
Cespoole was a name ever very generally applied
to Liverpool. The traveller may perhaps have
first picked it up when he got to Chester, where
the inhabitants, seeing nothing in their own trade
but decay, and nothing in that of Liverpool but
progress, might console themselves by locally em-
ploying the term Cestre-poole, and more briefly
though less elegantly Cespoole, as the appellation
of a prosperous rival, and as a memorial of their
own past ascendency. For instance, seeing the
motto on the Liverpool corporation- seal, " Sigil-

lum Commune Burgensium Lever," the Chester
people might exclaim, " No ! Not Zerer-poole,
but CcA'^re-poole ! " Thus Cestre-poole, or Ces-
poole, may have been a nickname of Liverpool
occasionally used in Chester, but seldom heard
anywhere else. Thomas Boys.

Sir Henry Calverley (2"'^ S. viii. 28.) —

Sir VTilliam Calverley of=ElizalH!th, d. of Sir
Calverley, Yorkshire. I William MidUleton.

1. Walter Calverley
of Calverley.

Thomas=l3ab2l, d. of Bertram
I Anderson, of New-
castlc-on-Tyne.

Sir John Calverley. Kt., of Llttleburn,=Ann, d. of Matthew Hutton,
Durham, died 1638. I Archbishop of York.

John (5th son) of Eriholme,=l. Margaret, d. of Thoa. Jenyson,
Yorkihire, born 1002. I of Irctiester, Northampton,

£sn.

Henry • (4th son"), Kt.=Mary, d. of Sir H. Thompson, of
1675-6, died 1631. I E8krick,Kt.

Margaret. Henry.
Both died young.

Marv=Mflrried 1695, Hon. Bennett Sherarrt of
died I Stapleford. Lord Sherard, 1700 ; Earl
1702. ofHarboroush, 1717.

Bennett Henry, born and died 1702.

There is a mezzotint of Mrs. Sherrard from a
portrait by Kneller.

In the before-mentioned volume is a copy of
the " Bill of Fees " paid by Sir Henry " for his
honour of knighthood," and receipt for the same,
amounting to 81Z. 135. Ad., dated 10 Feb. 167|,
and also " a copy of Sir Henry Calverley's letter
to his agent in England, after his travels in Italy,
&c. in '82 and '83," dated " Orleans, 18th June,
'83, Sti. novo."

I have also a common-place book of Henry
Calverley of 1657-8.

If your correspondent wishes for any farther
information about this Sir Henry or his family,
and will apply either through the columns of " N.
& Q.," or by letter, I shall be glad, as far as in
my power, to afford it.

Walter Calveblet Teeveltan.

Wallington, Newcastle- on-Tyne,

P.S. If the date of the letter is correct, it js
probable that the date of the death, as given in
the inscription, is the true one.

Shelley and Barhamwick (2"'» S. viii. 70. 116.)
— On looking into Lord Coke's Keport of^ Shel-
ley's case, I .find the place in question is in the

* Sir Henry, about whom the Query is made, is pro-
bably the above 4th son of John Calverley of Eriliolme ;
but if so, there must be a mistake in the date 1685, as I
find from a MS. volume (principally of genealogical col-
lections) which I possess, and which had belonged to Sir
Henry's grandfather, that he died at Paris, June 14th,
1684. The volume contains a copy of the inscription on
his monument in the south aisle of York Minster, in
which the date of his death is given, "vii. Kal. Jul. an.
dom. MDCLXxxiin. jetatis plus minus quadragesinio."

Sn'iS. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

199

pleadings called Bursam-wicke, alias Barham-
wicke apud Angmeiing." (1 Rep. 88. b.) Per-
haps on the principle " noscitur a soclis," the
enumeration of the lands comprised in the deed
set out in the pleadings will assist your corre-
spondent W. O. W. It is dated 25 Sept. 1 & 2
Philip & Mary, 1554, and contains a covenant by
Edward Shelley of Warminghurst, in the county
of Sussex, Esq., to suffer a recovery of —

" The manners of Wonninghurst, Barhamwicke and
Fj'ndon, with the appurtenances in the said County- of
Sussex, and all other his lands, tenements, possessions,
and hereditaments, with the appurtenances, set, Ij'ing,
and being in Fyndon, VVormiughurst, Barhamwicke,
Patching, Estangmering, Wastangmering, Wj-genholt,
Sterington, Washington, Ashington, Grenestede, Ashe-
hurst, Stening, Wiston, Thackham, and Shipley, in the
said Countj', except onlj' the manners of Sillington and
Cobden, with the appurtenances, in the said County, and
except also all those lands, tenements, and hereditaments
called or known by the names of CobJen, Pulleto, Firses,
and Pahnershcombe, with their appurtenances." — 1 Rep.
00.

Some of these, I believe, are names of parishes.

The special verdict in this case discloses the
following pedigree, of the accuracy of which there
can be no doubt : —

John Shelley, of Mycliel Grove, Esq.

Edward of 'Worminghurst,=Johauna (it does not appear
ob. 9 Oct. 1 & 2 P. & M., who she was).
1554. Qu. whether the
eldest or ouly son.

Henry, ob. vita patris (it does not appear who his wife
I was : her name was ^nn).

Richard,
vlv. 1578.

MaAa.

Heury (the defendant), nat. post ob. patris.

David Gam.

Z. Latimers (2"* S. viii. 119.) — Lord Latimers
is a slip of the pen for the Cavendish of Latimers,
now Lord Chesham. C.

Swiss Maps (2'"i S. viii. 90.) —J. M., if intend-
ing only a general tour through Switzerland,
without attempting any of the more difficult passes,
will probably find Leutholdt's map (Zurich) suffi-
cient. It is certainly the best general map. Stu-
der's map of the valleys between the Simplon
route and the Pennine chain (Karte der sildlichen
Wallisthaler, von G. Studer, Zurich) is, however,
of great value even to the ordinary tourist who
intends to visit the valleys of Saas or Zernatt ;
much more so, and indeed essential, to any ex-
plorer of the high passes in the neighbourhood.
His geological map (on the basis of Ziegler's),
somewhat larger than Leutholdt's, is an excellent
substitute for a general map, though the colour-
ing is of course rather confusing for ordinary
purposes. Though tlie Swiss Federal Survey is
too bulky for general use, I have found single
sheets, cut up and stretched on cloth in the usual
way, quite invaluable and not incommodious.
Sheet No. 17., for instance, includes the district

from Vevay to Kanderstig; and sheet No. 18.
that from the latter village to the Grimsel — the
limit to the north being a line passing close to
Lauterbrunnen ; and to the south, a line drawn a
little north of Martigny and south of St. Nicolas.
The sheets containing the Oberland and the dis-
trict around Zernatt are not yet published. J.
M. will find these published sheets, and I dare say
the other maps I have named as well, at Mr.
Stanford's, Charing Cross.

South of the Alps, two sheets of the six-sheet
Sardinian Survey will give the whole northern
frontier of Sardinia, reaching south beyond Aorta
and Borgo Ticino. There is an excellent one-
sheet government map of Sardinia reduced from
the above. The larger Sardinian Survey, in some
thirty or forty sheets, is of course out of the ques-
tion ; though invaluable for a special district, and
cheap — 4s. per sheet. It is still in course of pub-
lication. The district due south of Monte Rosa
has been issued, but not that in the neighbour-
hood of the Val Pelline.

The Alpine Club have just published the maps
that accompany their Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers,
in a separate form at 3s. 6d. These are of course
local, but most valuable for the districts in ques-
tion, as correcting many errors in the existing
maps.

1 may add that the Practical Guide to Switzer-
land, 2s. 6d. (Longman & Co.), is an admirable
appendix to Murray, and that both should be
taken. A. B. M.

Glasgow.

The Reprint, in 1808, of the First Folio Edi-
tion of Shakspeare (P' S. vii. 47.) — I should feel
greatly obliged to your correspondent F. C. B., if
he would kindly favour me with the loan of Mr.
Upcott's collation of this reprint.

I have the volume, and should very much like
to make notes in its margin of the 368 typogra-
phical errors, having neither time nor opportunity
for making a collation with the original.

If F. C. B. will kindly entrust me with the
document, I can assui'e him that every care shall
be taken of it, and that it should be returned in a
short time. Wm. Wabdlaw Reid.

Peckham Rye.

Benjamin Cudworth (2""* S. viii, 167.) was a
fellow-commoner of Christ's College. He has
Latin verses in the University collection on the
accession of William and Mary, 1689. On King
William's visit to Cambridge, 7th Oct. in the same
year, Mr. Cudworth was created M.A.

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Richard Medlicot (2""^ S. viii. 167.) was of St-
Peter's College, Cambridge 5 B.A. 1618-9; M.A.
1622. C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

200

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'» S. VIII. Sept. 3. '59.

Ocean Table Telegraphs (2"^ S. viii. 148.) — In
Mr. Tho. Allen's pamphlet on his Systems of In-
land and Svhmarine Telegraphy, he gives the fol-
lowing list of the cables which have been laid. It
contains the information which J. W. G. G. re-
quires, with the exception of the cost; and as I
suppose it may be relied upon as ccrrect, I copy
it for his benefit :

Kataes.

Dates.

Distance.
(Milef.)

Lensth of
Cable.
(Miles.)

1 ^

Dover and Calais

I85I

21

25

4

Dover and Ostend

1853

58}

64

6

Portpatrick and Donaghadee

1853

2r

24J

6

Portpatrick - . -
Forth and Tay

1854

25

%

6

1855

6

4

Spezzia and Corsica -

1854

60

9Q

. 6

Corsica and Sardinia

1854

10

13

6

Hasuc - - - -

1853

II4A

119

1

Ditto - - - -

1853

1

Ditto . . - -

1853

123

1

Ditto - - - -

1855

119

1

Holyliead and Dublin

1854

58J

61

1

Ditto - - - -

1854

Prince Edward's Island

1854

ii

13

"i

Varna and Constantinople -

1855

125

150

1

Newfoundland

185S

70

86

1

Cajtliari and Malta -

1857

3S0

1

Malta and Corfu L-

1857

400

40O

I

Channel Islands

1858

80

80

1

Varna and Balaklava

1855

30C

••

Thefollov-inrj were destroyed

in sulmierging.

Holyhead

.1852

58J

64

1

Portpatrick - - -

1852

21

16

6

Newfoundland

1855

63J

42

3

Sardinia and Africa -

1855

125

80

6

Ditto - - - -

1856

125

160

3

Ditto - . - -

1857

147

180

4

Atlantic - - -

1857

380

380

1

Ditto - - - -

1858

2500

1

This list is dated Dec. 1859.

R. E. L.

Bull and Bear of the Stock Exchange (2"* S.
viii. 79. 138.) — The following extracts are from
Gibber's Play of 2%e Refusal, or the Ladies Philo-
sophy, produced in 1720.

This comedy affords ample proof that all the
gambling terms of the day must then have been
very generally understood ; for it abounds in al-
lusions to the doings in 'change alley, and one of
the characters, Sir Gilbert Wrangle, is a South
Sea Director.

" Granger. (To Witling, who has been boasting of his
gain.)

And all this out of 'Change Alley ?
" Witling. Every shilling, Sir, all out of stocks,

Puts, Bulls, Rams, Bears, and Bubbles."

And again : —

" There (in the alley) you'll see a Duke dangling after
a Director ; here a Peer and a Prentice haggling for an
eighth ; there a Jew and a Parson making up differences ;
here a young woman of quality buj'ing Bears of a Quaker ;
and there an old one selling refusals to a lieutenant of
Grenadiers." — Act I. So. 1.

"Puts" I take to be what is styled "put and
call," and thus managed : — Price and time being
agreed on, one party pays down a certain sum ; in
consideration of which he has the power to call
for delivery of the stock, or difference, on the set-
tling day. If the market be against him, he has

the option of closing the transaction by the sacri-
fice of the " put," or deposit.

"Bubble" only meant an undertaking, or
scheme, and was not used ih its present sense.

Does the following, from the same play, offer a
clue to the origin of the term " Bull" ?

" Witling. I raised my fortune. Sir, as Milo lifted the
Bull, by sticking to it every day when it was a Calf."

In conclusion, what was the signification of
"Ram" ? This is the only place in which I have
met with it in connexion with the subject.

Charles Wtlib.

The Etymon o/" ver?j" (2°'^ S. viii. 113.) — The
profound critique and philological acumen of
your correspondent M. Philarete Chasles,
throw doubt on this word being a descendant of
the Latin verus. I am of the same opinion on.
this point, whatever be its real parent — Kymric
or Gothic. For in the East-Anglian counties,
where the pronunciation is pure, and at least
thoroughly exempt from the cockneyism of inter-
changing V and w, the word is always pronounced
wery. And this form of pronunciation is the re-
sult of no confusion of sounds, but is an invaria-
ble error of speech. H. C. C.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.
ScBiPTUBAi, Poems, by John Bunyan.

QPESTIONS ABOUT THE NatURB AND PbRPETCITT OF THE SEVENTH DAY

Sabbath, by John Bunyan.

A DiscooasE of the Building, Natdre, ExcEtLEVCY, and Govern-
ment OP tue House of God : a Poem, by John Bimyan.

A Case of Conscience Resolved, by John Bunyan.

Wanted by II. MarslmV, 294. City Road.

Fielding's Works. Vol. IX. 8vo. 1806.
Ross (A.) Arcana Microcosmi.

Songs of Moses and Deborah Paraphrased (by Cleeve), 1685.
DiGBy (Sir K.), Choice Receipts, 1688, or other editions.
Fray (J. B.) Essai sur l'Orioine des Corps Oboanis£5 et Moroanises.
1817.

Librarian, Leeds Library, Leeds.

We iMve been compelled to postpone otir usual Notes on Books.

G. S. Cliaracteristics of Men of Genius was completed in 2 vols. 1846 ;
but The Catholic Series, of which it formed a portion, was continued by
J. Chapman, 142. Strand, till the year 1850.

A. Z. Samuel Bagnall, Incumbent ofRuncorn,is ofDoivning CoJlege,

Cambridge. Saul and David is 6?/ Edward iJaffnoH The Rev. Richard

Beadon Bradley, Incumbent of Ash Priors, died March 22, 1851.

J, P. Phiu-ips. The term Miss Ims been discussed in our 1st S. iv. 6.
44. 93.

Kotices to other correspondents in our next.

Erratum. _2nd S. viii. p. 114. col. i. 1. 20. for " Richard " read "Ro-
bert " Tichbome.

"Notes and Queries" is pnbiished at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies fM'
Six Montlis forwarded direct from the Publishers (.incluaing tlie IJalf-
yertrly Index) is 11». 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order tn
favour of Messrs. Bell and DALDr,186. Fleet Street, E.G.; to whom
nnCoMMUNioATioi's FOR iHs Ediiqr thould ftc addrctsed.

A

2'>d S. VIII. Sept. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

201

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. 1859.

No. 193. — CONTENTS.

NOTES :_Wa3 Lord Bacon a Calvinist or an Arminian ? by David
Gam, 201 — Indexes to Episcopal Regiaters, "by B. B. Woodward, 202

— Proverbs worth Preserving, by Hubert Bower, /i. — Food of Para-
dise, by T. J. Buckton, 76. _ Snuff-box presented to George IV., by
Capt. Anderson, 203 — Florence Wilson: Erasmus: John Ogilvie,
Parson of Cruden : Forbes of Tolquhon, 76.

Minor Notes :— History of Pews — Fate of three Men ofXietters_The
last of tlie " Shannon " — A modem Giant — Somersetshire Poets, 204.

QUERIES :— Super- Altars in Cathedrals, by John Ribton Garstln,

201 — Calcuith, 20r).
MiNOH Queries : — Vauxhall Punch, &c Translators' Interpolations

— Counsellor Tilly — Sir Henry Killigrew _ Sir Richard Steele's
former Wife — Planet Showers — Beaumont's " Life of Dean Gran-
ville," or Grenville — Sir John Jacob, Bart John Rowe, M.P

Crossley of S. Leonard's, Shoreditch — Mrs. Glasse's Cookery, &c., 206.

Minor Queries with Answers : —Yorkshire Worthies, by Hartley
Coleridge — Vulture Hopkins — Bibliographical Queries — Wiclif's
Testament — " Hallow e'en" : the Wren Song, Sec, 207.

REPLIES :— The Duke of Buckingham's York House, by W. Niiel
Sainsbury, 210 —Handel in Bristol, by Edward F. Rimbault, 210 —
" Baratariana," by William John Fitz-Patrick, 211 —Peter Cunning-
ham, by J. Macray, 212 — Skeletons with Wax Heads at Cuma;, 213

— Patron Saints, by Rev. Thomas Boys, 2U — Abigail Hill, 215 —
Cock and Bull Stories, 76.

Replies to Minor Queries : — Dr. Donne's Seal — Ralph Rokeby, &c.—
Cromwell's Knights — Ring Posies — John de Witt — Ballad : EUand
or Eland— Shooting Soldiers : Oak Leaves— James Anderson, &c.,21fi.

Notes on Books, &c.

WAS LORD BACON A CALVINIST OR AN ARMINIAN ?

This question is suggested by a passage in Lord
Macaulay's well-known Essay. After observing
that controversies on speculative points of theology
seem to have engaged scarcely any portion of
Bacon's attention, — a remark in which few who
are conversant with his writings will be disposed
to concur, his Lordship goes on to say, —

" He lived in an age in which disputes on the most
subtle points of divinity excited an intense interest
throughout Europe, and nowhere more than ^'n England.
He was placed in the very thick of the conflict. He was
in power at the time of the Synod of Dort, and must for
months have been daily deafened with talk about elec-
tion, reprobation, and final perseverance. Tet ice do not
remember a line in his zvorks from which it can be ivferred
that he was either a Calvinist or an Arminian." — Essays,
p. 397., one vol. ed.

These observations must have been written
currente calamo, and without due recollection.
Bacon's general acquaintance with theology was
considerable : he was evidently quite familiar
with the vexed and thorny questions involved in
the great controversy alluded to, and there can-
not be any doubt that he held strong Calvinistic
opinions.

In the second book Of the Advancement of
Learning, near the end, in speaking of the dif-
ferent functions of the several persons in the
Trinity, he says that the work —

" of the redemption in the election and counsel " be-
longs " to the Father; in the whole act and consumma-
tion to the Son; and in the application to the Holy
Spirit : for by the Holy Ghost was Christ conceived in
flesh, and by the Holy Ghost are the elect regenerated in
spirit. This vjork [of redemption] likewise we consider

either effectually, in the elect; or privately [sic, sed qu.
privatively"] in the reprobate" — Works, i. 129. ed. 1765.

In his Confession of Faith, the doctrine of elec-
tion is very clearly asserted. He affirms his be-
lief that God

" chose according to his good pleasure, man to be that
creature to whose nature the eternal Son of God should
• be united ; and amongst the generations of men elected a
small flock in whom by the participation -of himself he
purposed to express the rays of his glory ; all the minis-
tration of angels, damnation of devils and reprobates,
universal administration of all creatures, and dispensation
of all times have no other end, but as the ways and am-
bages of God to be further glorified in his saints, who
are one with their head the Mediator, who is one with
God."— Works, iil 121.

And farther on it is said

" That the sufierings and merits of Christ, as they are
sufficient to do away the sins of the whole world, so they
are only effectual to such as are regenerated by the Holy
Ghost; who breatheth where he listeth of free grace." —
p. 124.

And afterwards, in the same page, we are told
that the means of grace operate in the " vocation
and conversion of the elect" only. And, again,
that the Catholic Church consists " of the spirits
of the faithful dissolved, and of the spirits of the
faithful militant, and of the names^yet to be born,
which are already ivritten in the Book of Life."

These passages, I think, afford a conclusive
answer to the question at the head of this Note.
There are two other passages to which I shall
very briefly refer.

In the Charge against Mr. Oliver St. John,
delivered in the Star Chamber in 1615, Bacon
praises James 1. for " his constant and holy pro-
ceeding against the heretic Vorstius, whom, being
ready to enter into the Chair, and there to have
authorized o?ze of the most pestilent and heathenish
heresies that ever was begun, his Majesty by his
constant opposition dismounted and pulled down."
(Works, u. 587.) In explanation of this it will
be sufficient to remark that Vorstius was the
unfortunate Professor of Theology at Leyden
who was appointed to succeed Arminius, but
against whom a violent outcry was raised by
the Calvinistic party in Holland, and who was
ultimately banished by the Synod of Dort in
1619. James had taken an active and prominent
part against him ; had pronounced his book to be
full of heresies; had caused it to be publicly
burnt at Oxford, Cambridge, and London, and
had recommended the States of Holland not to
tolerate such a heretic within their territory.
He also wrote a tract against Vorstius ; declared
that burning was much too mild a punishment
for him, and threatened to cause all orthodox
Protestants to unite their strength against the
Arminian heresies. — (P. Cye. art. "Vorstius.")
Such was the " constant and holy " proceedings
commended by Bacon.

In the essay Of the Vicissitude of Things, pub-

202

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<» S. VIII. Sept. 10. '59.

lished in 1625, and therefore one of Bacon's
latest works, Arminians and Arians are associated
together, and their peculiar opinions are charac-
terised as " speculative heresies."

One cannot wonder that Bacon was a Cal-
Tinist. Whitgift was his tutor at Cambridge ;
Calvinism was during his time in the ascendant ;
the king was a strong Calvinist, and we know
that royal favour was, unhappily, at all times
much too precious in Bacon's sight. It would,
indeed, have been surprising to find him an
Arminian. David Gam.

INDEXES TO EPISCOPAL REGISTEBS.

The immense value of the registers of insti-
tutions, &c. preserved in the archives of the
several dioceses, is known to all antiquarian in-
quirers, whilst the absence of indexes is, in gene-
ral, too painfully felt. It might, therefore, be
well to note in " N. & Q." the existence of any
such indexes, for the advantage of those who are
interested in the facts. As a first instalment I
can mention two.

In the Registrar's Office for the Diocese of
Norwich there is preserved an index, made by
Bishop Tanner, when he was Chancellor of Nor-
wich, in the beginning of the last century. The
entries are arranged under counties, archdeacon-
ries, rural deaneries, and parishes, and consist of
notices of the dedication of each church ; an ab-
stract from the Taxatio Spiriiualis, called "The
Norwich Doomsday;" the names of all patrons,
incumbents, and principals of religious houses,
with the dates of their institutions, and references
to the registers ; miscellaneous notices of the
greatest curiosity and value from the will-books,
with dates and references ; and additions of the
most varied kind from the Le Neve MSS. and
other authentic sources.

It consists of two thick folio volumes, originally
intended as books of common-places for sermons,
the printed headings of the various subjects in
Latin, and some entries under them, being still
extant, but upside down, at the bottom of the
pages. And it is such a monument of patient
and intelligent Industry as in any case, except
Tanner's, would of itself alone entitle the com-
piler to perpetual renown. In the office its value
is fully appreciated, and it is affectionately named
after its author, " Tanner."

The second is a series of synoptical indexes
to the episcopal registers of the diocese of Win-
chester^ in four small quarto volumes, beautifully
written. An Index is devoted to each volume of
the registers, from the earliest of Bishop John de
Pontlssera to Bishop Gardiner's registers. Each
index is alphabetical, and something more than a
mere reference is given in most Instances.

This invaluable adjunct to the Winton regis-

ters has been suffered, by some extraordinary
accident, to remain in the possession of the ac-
curate and diligent compiler of it, W. T. Alchin,
Esq., the librarian of the Corporation of London,
to whose courtesy I (amongst other literary in-
(julrers) am indebted for permission to consult
it. B. B. Woodward.

Haverstock Hill.

PROVERBS AVORTH PRESERVING.

I think the following pict-up proverbs and pro-
verbial sayings are worth enshrining in " N. & Q."
Some have been met with in print, others only
heard. If not preserved when first found, like
winged seeds, they are often blown away and for-
gotten.

" Hasty people drink the wine of life scalding hot."
" Death's the only master who takes his servants with-
out a character."
" Old age cools hot blood."
" A kind heart often saves a weak head."
" Yesterday's dew and tomorrow's sunshine feed the
hopes of the fool."
" A sour-faced wife fills the tavern."
" Folly jumps into the river, and wonders why Fate
has let him."

" Content's the mother of good digestion."
" Wlien Pride and Poverty marry together, their chil-
dren are Want and Crime."

" Oaks are never grown in hothouses."

" A blazing fire and a smiling wife
Kill temptation, and misery, and strife."

" Want one's housekeeper, and misery one's bedfellow,
bring but few guests to the front door."

" Where hard work kills ten, idleness kills a hundred
men."

" Foll3'' and pride walk side by side."

" He that borrows binds himself with his neighbour's
rope."

" The Devil and his servants never go to sleep at the
same time."

" He that's too good for good advice, is too good for his
neighbour's company."

" Friends and photographs never flatter."

" Dreams by night may give us delight,
But dreams by day must lead us astraj'."

" Wisdom's always at home to those who call."
" A silver tongue and a brazen face cover a heart of
steel."
" The firmest friends ask the fewest favours."

Hubert Bower.

FOOD OF PARADISE.

On the passage " In the sweat of thy face shalt
thou eat bread, till thou return unto the earth,"
the Quarterly Reviewer (No. 209. p. 233.) says,
" originally a curse, it has become in the present
state of the world a blessing." Writing on the
manufacture of bread, the Reviewer has misap-
prehended the words of Moses, in supposing bread
to have been an accursed product. For, first, the

2a<i S. YIII. Sept. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

203

terms of malediction are confined to the words
" in the sweat of thy face," which is equivalent
to a condemnation to hard labour : and secondly,

the word translated bread (QH^ lecheni) in the
Hebrew text, like Spros, its equivalent in Greek,
is by no means confined to cereal productions
(Matt. vi. 11.; Theocritus, xxi. 45.), and in this
particular passage (Gen. iii. 19.) means food ge-
nerally, and elsewhere, both for men and animals
(Lev. iii. 11. ; 1 Sam xx. 27. ; Ps. xli. 10., cii. 5.,
cxxxvi. 25., cxlvii. 9. ; Prov. xxvii. 27.) ; and

fruit has the same name (^p?.) in Jeremiah (xi.
19.) So in Arabic, ^^, lecTim, means ^esh ; the

radical idea being something slain ; hence nionpp,
milchamah, in Hebrew (a formative from lechem)
means n battle, wherein men are slaughtered.
After the art of bread-making had been invented,

the different kinds were also termed DH?, lechem,
and they consisted of thin pancakes or biscuits,
such as our oat-cakes, which were broken, and
not cut, like our loaves of soft bread. (Isaiah
Iviii. 7. ; Lam. iv. 4. ; Mat. xiv. 19., xxvi. 26.)
But there is no ground for the supposition that
such bread was made or known in Paradise, as
the expression of the Reviewer implies.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

SNUFF-BOX PRESENTED TO GEOKGE IV.

As I do not pretend to be acquainted (though I
intend to be) with the contents of all the nineteen
volumes of the two series of " N. & Q.," I apologise
for sending you the following (and thus occupying
your valuable time) if it has appeared before : if
not, it is a relic well worthy of a permanent place
in " N. & Q." In the Historical Account of King
George IV.'s Visit to Scotland (Oliver & Boyd,
Edinburgh, 1822), at pp. 312-3., will be found an
account of the snuff-box presented to him by Mr.
Daniel Craig of Helensburg, through Sir Walter
Scott: —

"Tlie body of tlie box is made of sycamore-tree, with
an invisible hinge of the kind at present (1822) so much
admired, and the lid of it inlaid with authenticated spe-
cimens of several varieties of wood, most of which are
well known in Scotland, and celebrated in Scottish song.
These are so arranged as to shade and relieve each other
by their beautiful diversity of colour. In the centre is a
piece of the Cruikston yew, mentioned in history as the
favourite of the unfortunate Queen Mary. Around this
are the following : the Torwood-oak (of Stirlingshire),
whose decayed trunk afforded shelter from his pursuers
to the brave Wallace ; the Trysting-tree, near Roxburgh
Castle, celebrated in the border feuds, and mentioned in
the novel of Rob Roy ; the Elderslie-yew, which tradi-
tion reports to have been planted by Sir William Wallace
on his uncle's estate of that name in Renfrewshire ; the
Bush above Traquhair ; Birk of Invermav ; Thorn above
the Well ; Broom of the Cowden Knows"; Alloway Kirk

oak, — with all of which the admirers of our Scottish
poetry are familiar j — Elm of Waterloo, under which the
Duke of Wellington stood during the battle; the Victory,
part of the anchor-stock of Lord Nelson's flag-ship of that
name. The whole of these are surrounded by a border of
black oak from the ship Florida, which belonged to the
Spanish Armada, and wrecked off Tobermory in the Is-
land of Mull, 1588. On the bottom of the box, outside,
the words and music of ' Auld Langsyne ' are painted in
a style of uncommon neatness."

His most gracious majesty was pleased to ac-
cept this unique gift, and to request Sir Walter
Scott to convey his thanks to the donor of it.
Is there any account of the subsequent fate of this
box ? T. C. Anderson,

H.M.'s 12th Regt. Bengal Army.

8. Warwick Villas, Maida Hill, W.

FLORENCE WILSON : ERASMUS *. JOHN OGILVIE,
PARSON OF CRUDEN : FORBES OF TOLQUHON.

So little is known of the early history of emi-
nent Scotsmen, that any contribution on the sub-
ject is usually acceptable. Florence Wilson is
known as the author of a beautiful treatise in
Latin, De Tranquillitate Animi. He came from
Aberdeen, and went abroad.* Some letters of his
will be found in the Bannatyne Miscellany (vol. i.),
with a prefatory notice from the able pen of
David Laing, Esq.

Since their publication another letter, now in
the possession of the writer of this notice, has
been discovered written on the fly-leaf of the edi-
tion of Erasmus's Apothegmata, 4to. 1533, pre-
senting the volume to his friend John Ogilvie,
parson of Cruden, in Aberdeenshire. This volume
had been for two hundred and fifty years in the
library of the family of Forbes of Tolquhon, and
bore on the title the autograph of " Williame
Forbes of Tolquhon, 1588."

This gentleman was a great book collector ;
and the very rare and curious volumes which re-
cently came from the north, and were disposed of
in detached portions by Mr. Nisbet in Edinburgh
at various times, make it a matter of regret that
the library was not sold in its entire state with a
proper descriptive catalogue.

Among other curiosities was a beautiful volume
which had belonged to the Earl of Bothwell, the
husband of Queen Mary, in the original admira-
ble binding, with the arms of the owner as Lord
High Admiral of Scotland stamped on the boards.
It was a French treatise on mathematics, and sold
for 13^. 13s. Subsequently the work of Erasmus
above-named was acquired by the writer, who
accidentally had recognised the letter of Wilson,
who presented the work to Ogilvie ; who, in re-
turn, is requested to send a little nag, " eque-
leiim," as Wilson proposes to go to the country,

[* See"N. &Q." P'S.ii. 311.; iii. 29.— Ed.]

204

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 10. '59,

and requires the use of a horse. He reminds
Ogilvie of the pleasure he sometimes had derived
from Erasmus ; and he makes many inquiries
about their mutual acquaintances, and in parti-
cular sends his love to Master Hector Boece. To
those interested in the worthies of Aberdeenshire,
from the cast of names, the letter must be singu-
larly interesting. J. M.

Minav fiattS.

History of Pews. — A very curious addition to
this interesting subject is in Hasted's Kent, vol.
viii. p. 43. : —

" William Philpot of Godmersham by will, anno 1475,
ordered that the making of the new seats called lepewis
in this church [St. James Stowting] should be done at
his expense, from the place where St. Christopher was
painted to the corner of the stone wall on the north side
of the church."

We gather from this extract that pews were
then (temp. Edward IV. and seventy years before
the Council of Trent) a novelty ; but there is
something more curious, — they are called le pewis,
as if of French origin. The general notion has
been that pews are a post-reformation invention ;
and Richardson derives the word from the Dutch
puyde. The former idea is clearly wrong ; in
fact, they are mentioned in Piers Ploughman, and
the latter is based only on conjecture. If the
word be of French derivation, is it possible that
pewis is a corruption of pervis — the parvise or
enclosure of our old writers? See "N. & Q." P'
S. i. 215., &c.

Bale (Image of both Churches, b, b. viii. note)
mentions " all shrynes, images, churchstoles, and
pewes that are well payed for." This is very cu-
rious, as paying for pews is generally thought to
be quite a modern innovation. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Fate of three men of letters. — To the self-named
reformers of the Royal literary fund, and to the
real friends of the institution, the subjoined ex-
tract affords matter for serious reflection : —

" Neceologie. Trois hommes de lettres a I'hopital.

" La quinzaine qui vient de s'&ouler a ete fatale k la
litterature. La mort.qui ne s'arrete jamais dans son
ceuvre de destruction a frapp^ successivement, et a quel-
ques jours d'intervalle :

" M. Alexandre Privat d'Anglemont, le spirituel au-
teur des Industries inconnues — La Childebert — Les oiseaux
de nuit — La villa des chiffonniers. M. Privat avait et^
longtemps I'un des r(^dacteurs du journal Le siecle ;

" M. Gustave d'Avaigny, auteur dramatique et ancien
feuilletoniste du journal L'assemhlee nationale;

" M. J. Bordas-Demoulin, I'auteur du Cartesianisme,
ouvrage couronnepar I'lnstitut, des Lettres sur Veclectisme
et le doetrinarisme. M. Bordas-Demoulin avait aussi ^crit
la notice sur Bl. Pascal, inseree en tete de I'edition in-I2
des Provinciales, publiee par MM. Firmin Didot frferes.

" Plus heureux que Gerard de Nerval, son compagnon et
son ami, M. Privat d'Anglemont est mort h la Maison

municipale de sante du faubourg Saint-Denis. MM.
d'Avrigny et Bordas-Demoulin sont morts h. I'hopital de
la Riboisifere."

The above is from the Bulletin du bouquiniste,
No. 64., 15 August, '59. Bolton Corney.

Fontainebleau.

The last of the '' Shannon:' —In The Times of
Friday the 2nd inst. I read that as* soon as the
breaking-up of the " Tartar " frigate is completed
in Chatham dockyard, the " St. Lawrence," one
of the old 46-gun frigates, " will be taken into the
same dock and broken up." This "St. Lawrence"
is, I believe, no other than that famous old "Shan-
non " which fought and captured the " Chesa-
peake" in the American war. Her name, having
taken an imperishable place in history, was trans-*
ferred some few years since to the large screw
frigate which now bears it (and which has herself
been made memorable by the late gallant Sir
William Peel). The renowned old hull has since
been lost sight of under the name of the " St.
Lawrence." If I am not mistaken respecting
these facts — and I can hardly be — many will
doubtless be glad to learn that a last look may
yet be taken of this famous old vessel. R.

A modern Giant. —

"Last week, near the new church at Rotherliithe, a
Stone Coffin of a prodigious Size was taken out of the
Ground, and in it the Skeleton of a man ten Foot long."
—The Weekly Packet, Dec. 21-28, 1717.

W. P.

Somersetshire Poets. — I think I am not wrong
in stating as a curious fact that Somersetshire has
produced no poet of eminence. Fuller, indeed,
places Daniel in his list of the worthies of the
county ; but if the poet's own epitaph is to be
trusted, "he was borne at Wilmington in Wilt-
shire, nere y^ plaine of Salisbury," and Somer-
setshire can only claim the honour of being his
burial-place. C. J. Robinson.

^xxtxiti.

SUFER-ALTABS IN CATHEDRALS.

What is the origin, use, or symbolism of the
raised ledge or step in the altar, known to ritual-
ists as the super-altar, and which appears to be
peculiar to cathedral churches ?

A reference to the elaborate article on the
Communion Table in Dr. Pinnock's Laws and
Usages of the Church, volume C, and the autho-
rities there quoted, as well as to other works on
the Anglican ritual, has failed to supply the de-
sired information.

I have recently had an opportunity of visiting
very many of the English cathedrals, and in two
only did I notice the absence of the super- altar,
namely, at Bristol and Ripon.

2°<i S. VIII. Sept. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

205

In the latter case it may probably be accounted
for by the fact of the minster having been made a
cathedral on the creation of the see of Ripon in
1836 (by the act of 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 77.), having
been previously only a collegiate church.

Your correspondents may perhaps be able to
mention other instances.

I should add that I have seen the super-altar
in royal chapels, and lately remarked it in some
of the college chapels at Oxford, and even in a
church which was simply parochial.

Is there any definite rule about its being pecu-
liar to any particular class of churches ?

Can it be derived from the Roman Catholic
practice of elevating the host ? If so, what is the
propriety of retaining it in our cathedrals ?

I have been told it is for the purpose of exhi-
biting the communion plate, which now undoubt-
edly is its practical use (thus making a huffet of
the altar), but could not be its original object ;
for if so, it would be just as necessary in most
parish churches. John Ribton Garstin.

Dublin.

CAXCUITH.

The situation of this place has been the object
of great contention among historians and anti-
quaries, and has never been satisfactorily cleared

Collier, in his Ecclesiastical History (vol. i. p.
319., edit. 1852), says : " and as for the synod of
Calcuith, in which Lambert was forced to resign
part of his province," &c. This synod was held
in 785 according to the Saxon Chronicle.^ Florence
of Worcester, Huntingdon, Hoveden, &c.

The Saxon Chronicle (785) says: "this year.
Abbot Bothwin died at Ripon ; and this year
there was a contentious synod at ^ Chalk-hythe ;'
and Archbishop Lambert gave up some portion
of his Bishopric ; and Higbert was elected ; and
Offa resigning, Egbert was consecrated King."

There is a tradition at Chalk in Kent of this
council being held there.

Offa had then conquered Kent, and he is said
" to have, gone out of his own dominions to meet
the high Dignitaries of the Church and the Pope's
legate."

Spelman places this council in 787 ; others think
it was two years earlier. Pope Adrian sent Gre-
gory, Bishop of Ostia, and Theophylact, Bishop of
Vodi, to assist at it, with the character of legates.

On their arrival one of these legates travelled
into the kingdom of Northumberland to King
Oswald. Eanbald was then Archbishop of York ;
and there was a meeting of all the great men of
the kingdom, clergy and laity.

The legates state, in their letter to the Pope,
that from the time of St. Augustine there had
been no prelate or priest sent from Rome into
Britain till now.

They likewise state that they had delivered the
letters of his Holiness to Offa, King of Mercia,
and Kinielph, King of the West Saxons ; the first
of which was present at the synod of Calcuith, and
all declared themselves ready to submit to the
directions of Rome.

In Collier's Eccl. Hist. (vol. i, pp. 320. to 323.,
edit. 1 852) the reader may see the particulars of
the twenty heads or canons of this council or
synod at length.

These canons were first read in the Northum-
brian synod ; where, after they had been sub-
scribed by the king, the bishops, nobility, and
clergy of the province, they were brought by the
legates and presented at the council or synod of
Calcuith in the kingdom of Mercia : this would
hardly imply Kent. And here they were unani-
mously received and signed by King Offa, Lam-
bert, Archbishop of Canterbury, twelve other
bishops, several abbots, and other great men of
the laity. (See Spelman, Condi., vol. i. p. 300.,
&c.)

It would appear that besides Archbishop Lam-
bert, who is said to have signed the canons of the
sy7iod of Calcuith before King Offa, that twelve
other bishops subscribed the roll. Matthew Paris
says that Bishop Lambert resigned part of his
province to the Archbishop of Lichfield at this
synod of Calcuith; and that Offa had his eldest
son Egfrid, a prince of great hopes, crowned here.
(See Collier, Ibid., p. 324.)

On the 26th of July, 816, another council was
convened at Calcuith, or Celichyth. It was com-
posed of the bishops south of the Humber, and
within the respective kingdoms of the East Angles,
Kent, Mercia, and the West Saxons.

Wulfrid, Archbishop of Canterbury, presided,
and twelve of his suffragans. Kenelph, King of
the Mercians, with his nobles, attended it, and
the abbots, priests, and deacons of the province .

Eleven canons were passed at this council, and
very important ones. The reader will find them
set down in Collier's Eccles. Hist. (edit. 1852, vol.
i. pp. 348. to 354.)

The Saxon Chronicle does not mention this
council ; but it is probable that the Celichyth
mentioned here, caused Dr. Lingard to think it
was held at Chelsea, which originally bore that
name.

Will any of your readers be pleased to give any
information they may possess on the situation of
this place, and they will greatly oblige many of
your readers ? J. W.

Birmingham.

Vauxhall Punch, 8fc. — As these celebrated gar-
dens are under rapid demolition, perhaps the
representatives of "the immortal Simpson" will

203

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd g. YIII. Sept. 10. '50.

tell us the composition of their famous "punch" —
as much celebrated for giving headaches, when
taken in excess, as "the Vauxhall sandwich" was
remarkable for its nothingness. Perhaps (as it is
no longer a secret) they could inform us how
many of these " stop-gaps" were made out of one
ham ? Any other particulars as to the sale would,
I should imagine, be acceptable. Centurion.

Translators' Interpolations, —

" The critics who take offence at Achilles because he
does not resemble King Arthur or Louis XIV. may be
excused on the ground of incapacity so long as they con-
fine their impertinence to the notes; not so with the
translators, who, both English and French, have inserted
their moral babblings in the text." — P. 23. (^On the
Study of the Greek CZassjcs, London, 1756, 12mo., pp. 164.)

Examples of such "babblings" are not given.
Are they known to any reader of " N. & Q." ?

S. H. J.
Counsellor Tilly. —

" 1734. IMr. Tilb', son of Counsellor Tilly, to Mr. Best-
man's daughter, of liridewell, with a fortune of 5000/." —
Historical Register.

I shall be much obliged to any reader of " N.
& Q." who will favour me with any information
respecting " Counsellor Tilly" — particularly as to
his marriage. James Knowi-es.

Sir Henry Killigrew. — We shall be glad of any
information respecting this eminent diplomatist,
Avho was a man of great accomplishments, and one
of the early benefactors of Emmanuel College.
We particularly desire to be informed on the fol-
lowing points : —

1. Who were his parents ?

2. When was he born ?

3. When was he knighted ?

4. What were the christian names of his daugh-
ters ? Elizabeth is said to have been the wife of
Sir Nicholas Lower. Another (who is also called
Elizabeth) was wife successively of Sir Jonathan
Trelawney and Sir Thomas Reynell. Ann was
wife successively of Sir Henry Neville and George
Carleton, Bishop of Chichester, and Dorothy was
wife of Sir Edward Seymour.

5. When did he die? He appears to have been
living in 1602, when Carew published his Survey
of Cornwall.

6. Where was he buried ?

7. Is there any monument to his memory ?

8. Is any portrait of him known to exist ?

9. Is anything known respecting his paintings ?
Lloyd refers to him as a good artist, but we have
not found any mention of him in Walpole's work.

Some curious particulars respecting him appear
in " A Remembrance of Henry Kylligrew's Jour-
nyes in her Majesty's Service, and by Commande-
ment from my Lorde Treasorer, from the last
Yeare of Queene Marye" (Leonard Howard's
Letters, 184.). We know not whether this is iden-

tical with " A Note of such Voyages as Mr. Henry
Killegrew made for the Service of the Queen and
her Highness's Realm" (MS. Lansd., 106., art.
31.). C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Sir Richard Steele's former Wife. — Can any
one tell me (what neither Nichols nor any of
Steele's biographers could find out) who the lady
was at whose funeral Steele met Miss Scurlock,
afterwards Lady Steele? Sir Richard's former
wife (I do not say " first wife," for he may have
had more than two wives) possessed an estate in
Barbadoes ; and, as " N. & Q." is read all over
the world, perhaps some of your readers in that
island can enlighten me ? W. H. W.

Planet Showers. — This is a term in constant
use by the vulgar. What does it mean ? Has it
reference to the wandering character of the rain-
bursts, or is it supposed that the precipitation is
caused by any peculiar configuration of the pla-
nets ? John Pavin Phillips.

Haverfordwest.

Beaumont's "Life of Dean Granville" or Gren-
ville. —

" Mr. Beaumont, a clergyman resident in the count}' of
Durham, seems to have composed a narrative of the Life
of Dean Granville. Of this he had read sundry portions
to Sir George Wheler, and received from him the follow-
ing letter upon the subject." — Zouch's Worhs, vol. ii. 167.

Was this work ever printed, or does it exist in
MS.? E. H. A.

Sir John Jacoh, Bart. — I should feel obliged for
particulars (beyond those given in Burke's Baro-
netage) with reference to the life of the first baro-
net of this name. He died in 1666, but I wish to
know at what age and place ? C. J. Robinson.

John Roive, M.P. — Who was John Rowe, Mem-
ber for Canterbury 39 Eliz. ? C. J. Robinson.

Crossley of S. Leonard's, 5AorerfiYc/%.— Informa-
tion is requested respecting this family, which
bore for arms, gules, a fess, or, between 3 cross
molines, or ; crest, a tiger's head. Samuel Cross-
ley married Elizabeth, sister of Sir Matthew
Blakiston, Bart., and died in 1784, aged forty-
sevenr* C. J. Robinson.

Mrs. Glasse's Cookery. — On dipping into a
Biographical Dictionary the other day, I stumbled
on the following paragraph : —

"On his outset in London, he [Astley, the paiuter]
lived in St. James's Street, where Dr. Hill followed him,
and wrote that book which, except the Bible, has had
the greatest sale in the language, the Cookery of Mrs.
Glasse."

I would inquire whether there is any farther

[* See Ellis's Shoreditch, p. 66., for the inscription on
the family vault. — Ed.]

2'">S. VIII. Sept. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

207

authority for thia ; and whether the Hannah
"Glasse of Bridges Street can be shown to be
anything more than an accidental similarity of
name ? To those who are acquainted with the
getting-up of books, it will appear far more pro-
bable to assign that compilation to the " multo-
^ribbling" Dr. Hill than to a dressmaker engaged
in business. Dunics.

Arabic Poem. — A few days ago I was shown a
book which belonged to the King of Delhi, and
which it was reported that he was reading when
taken. It contained a qacidah, or rhj'med poem,
beautifully written in the illuminated style. I
observed that the last word of the first couplet
was hdhid; the last words of the first line of this
•couplet, and of the second line of every other
couplet, rhyming with this.

Can any of your correspondents inform me
■whether there is any known Arabic poem which j
answers to this description ? and, if so, what is its
subject, its age, and the name of its author ? |

E. H. D. D. I

Debating Societies. — Can any of your readers i
supply the following information ? The names |
and principal features of all the "Debating So- |
cleties" which have existed in this country for
the last century ; or the name of any work con-
taining such information ?

We know that Burke, Sheridan, Johnson, and
other celebrities were members of a debating
<;lub, and that many other such societies have
existed, such as the famous " Robin Hood Club,"
but are their histories chronicled ? I should feel
greatly obliged to any of your readers who could
inform me upon the subject. C. J. B.

Whitelock Pedigree. — Can any of your readers
give me the particulars of the marriage, death,
&c. of Bulstrode Whitelock. of Phillis Court,
Henley (great-grandson of Sir Bulstrode), who
was born about 1700, and sold the manor of
Henley in 1723. I wish also to see the act of \
parliament (ante 1675) for settling the estates of
Sir Bulstrode on his three sons, Bulstrode, Wil-
loughby, and Carlton. John S. Bukn.

Henley.

Efford. — Two adjoining fords on a small stream
in Hants bear the names of Efford and Wains-
ford, the latter higher up and the former lower
down the stream. One is obviously " the wag-
gon-ford," the other, I have been informed, means
*' the horse-ford." Can this be substantiated by
its etymolog)', or Is It more probably from Avon-
ibrd ? Edward Kikg.

" The Royal Slave."— W. Cartwrlght's play. The
Royal Slave, was acted by the students of Christ
Church, Oxford, on 30th August, 1636, before
King Charles I. and his queen. Dr. Busby, after-

wards Master of Westminster, performed one of
the principal parts in the play. Have the names
of the other performers been preserved ? A. Z.

George Lesly. — Can you give me any inform-
ation regarding George Lesly, author of Divine
Dialogues, published (2nd edition) in 1C84. The
author was rector of Whittering, Northampton-
shire. What was the date of his death ? A. Z.

Shakspeare. — Can any of your readers inform
me whether any of the plays of Shakspeare have
been translated into the Welsh language ? A. Z.

The Lord Mayor of Dublin, 1764. — In No. 96.
of the Dublin Freemans Journal (Aug. 4, 1764), I
find the following notice : —

" Whereas freqaeiit attempts have been made, by wicked
and evil-minded persons, to deprive the Chief Magistrate
of the City Sword on the day of perambulating the Fran-
chises thereof, I do give this public Notice, that I am
determined to support the rights of this Citj^ and not to
suffer any infringement of my authority ; and do require
the Citizens to be aiding and assisting therein, as I am
resolved to punish the offenders with the utmost severity'.
Dated the 4th day of August, 1664.

" William Forbes."

To what Is reference made ? And where may I
ascertain particulars ? I cannot find any in the
FreemarCs Journal. Abhba.

^tn0r ^uerteiS toft!) Sitdtntr^.

Yorhshire Worthies, by Hartley Coleridge. —
I have in my possession an 8vo. volume extending
to upwards of 700 pages, lettered Wo?-thies of
Yorkshire. It has no title-page, but the Initials
H. C. are at the end of the preface, which mean
Hartley Coleridge, who was the son of the cele-
brated Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Hartley was a
poet as original in his writings as his father, and
he was as original a thinker, and excellent a
prose-writer, without his father's mysticism. I
knew him when a probationary Fellow of Oriel
College, Oxford. He was an eccentric character;
In truth, like Beattie's Minstrel, " he was a wan-
dering, strange and wondrous boy." Tiie value of
these excellent ZiY'es of the Yorkshire Worthies, as
written by the younger Coleridge, have never, I
think, been duly appreciated. My volumes contain
those of Andrew Marvell ; Dr. Bentley ; Lord Fair-
fax; James Earl of Derby; Anne Clifford, Countess
of Pembi'oke; Roger Ascham; John Fisher, Bishop
of Rochester; William Mason, the poet; Sir
Richard Arkwright ; William Roscoe ; Captain
James Cook ; and William Congreve, the drama-
tist. The characters of these Yorkshire Worthief ,
as depicted by Hartley Coleridge, show him to
have been possessed with a singularly compre-
hensive knowledge of History, Politics, Poetry,
and the Fine Arts; and, as in the case of Sir
Richard Arkwright, of the construction and na-

208

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[•i-d S. VIII. Sept. 10, 'oP.

tional benefits of the machinery which he invented.
Such a combination of talent, interspersed with
a variety of entertaining anecdotes, is not excelled
bj' any of our modern biographers, and unfortu-
nately the volume I possess, which has beautifully
engraved portraits of Marvell and Ann Clifford,
states it to be the end of volume one.

Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." inform
me if there was a second volume ever published,
and by whom ? The work seldom appears for sale
in our booksellers' catalogues. J. M. Gxitch.

Worcester.

[The above biographies, by the late Hartley Coleridge,
have been frequently reprinted. They were published
originally under the title of Biographia Boredlis, or Lives
of Distinguished Northerns, 8vo,, Lond. 1833. The second
edition appeared at Leeds (8vo. 1834),. and was entitled
The Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire : being Lives
of the most distinguished Persons that have been born in, or
connected with, those Provinces. ( Vide an admirable re-
view of it in the Quarterly, vol. liv. pp. 330 — 355.) The
third edition, 8vo., Lond. and Hull, 1835, was simply en-
titled Lives of Illustrious Worthies of Yorkshire, &c., and
was an exact duplicate of pp. 1 — 480. of the Biographia
Borealis, with the introductory Essaj', but with two fine
portraits of Andrew Marvell and Anne Clifford, Countess
of Dorset. The fourth and most complete edition was
published so lately as 1852 (12mo. Lond.) in 3 vols, under
the title of Lives of Northern Worthies, with the last cor-
rections of the author, and the marginal observations of
his father, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Our correspondent
Mr. Gutch appears to possess all the Lives with the ex-
ception of that of John Fothergill, BI.D., which closes the
series.]

Vulture Hopkins. — In the south-west corner of
Wimbledon churchyard is to be found a tomb-
stone with this inscription : —

" In a vault under this stone lies interred the body of
John Hopkins, Esq., familiarly known as ' Vulture Hop-
kins,' who departed this life the 25th April, 1732, Aged
69."

Can you inform an old subscriber who Mr.
"Vulture Hopkins" was, and for what he was
"familiarly" celebrated? Miles.

[John Hopkins was a wealthy London merchant, and
resided in Old Broad Street. He was the architect of
nearly his whole fortune, which originated in some highly
fortunate speculations in the stocks, and was considerably
increased at the explosion of the South-Sea bubble in
1720. He obtained the name of Vulture Hopkins from
his rapacious mode of acquiring his immense wealth,
which at his death amounted to 300,000?. On one occa-
sion he paid an evening visit to Guy, the founder of the
Hospital in Southwark, who also was as remarkable for
his private parsimony as his public munificence. On
Hopkins entering the room, Mr. Guy lighted a farthing
candle which lay ready on the table, and desired to know
the purport of the gentleman's visit. " I have been told,"
said Hopkins, " that you, Sir, are better versed in the pru-
dent and necessary art of saving than any man now living,
and I therefore wait upon j-ou for a lesson of frugality ;
an art in which I used to think I excelled, but am told
by all who know you, that you are greatly my superior."
" And is that all you came about ? " replied Guy, " why
then we can talk this matter over in the dark." Upon
this, he with great deliberation extinguished his new-

lighted farthing candle. Struck with this example of
economy, Hopkins rose up, acknowledged himself con-
vinced of the other's superior thrift, and took his leave.*

Unfortunately for Hopkins, he happened to be a Whig,
and was moreover concerned in various loans to a govern-
ment composed of Whigs; this may account for the
exacerbation of Pope in the following lines from Epistle
III. of his Moral Essays : —

" When Hopkins dies, a thousand lights attend
The wretch, who living saved a candle's end :
Should'ring God's altar a vile image stands,
Belies his features, nay, extends his hands ;
That live-long wig which Gorgon's self might own.
Eternal buckle takes in Parian stone."]

Bibliographical Queries. — Where can I find an
accurate description of the leaves which should
precede and follow the text of Coverdale's Bible
of 1553 ? My copy has a perfect title, differing
slightly from Dibdin's Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (iv.
246-7.) The other preliminary leaves do not
agree with the account given by Mr. Lea Wilson
(p. 36.)

I have a " New Testament in Englishe, fayth-
fully traslated accordyng to the Texte of Eras-
mus," &c. " Imprinted ad London, in Flete
strete, at the Signe of y" Rosegarland, by Wyl-
lyam Copland for John Wayly, 1550," 12mo.
(See Dibdin's Ames's Typ. Antiq.., iii. 131.) Does
it occur in any of the printed lists ? And is it at
all rare ? Joseph Rix.

St. Xeots.

[^Coverdale's Bible, 4to., published by Jugge, 1553.
This book was printed at Zurich by Chrystoffer Fros-
chower, 1550. On his title he, by mistake, says " purely
translated into Englische by Mayst. Thomas Mathewe "
[Wm. Tyndale]. This error was rectified when the book
reached England, and Hester put a new title, with " fay th-
fully translated into Englyshe by Myles Coverdale,
1550." My copy of this edition (a very fine one) has
the same number of preliminary leaves contained in the
issue of the same book by Jugge in 1553. My copy of
Jugge is remarkably fine ; it was Dr. GifTord's, and is
bound in old blue turkey, and both this and Hester's
are apparently unsophisticated,- the preliminary leaves
being the same in each, viz. twelve. But I am told
that the Zurich edition had eighteen, Hester's eight,
and Jugge's twelve preliminary leaves — each having
three leaves of table at the end. Dr. Cotton, in his
Appendix to the lists of editions, has an accurate ac-
count of the twelve preliminary leaves to the edition of
1553, under the date of 1550. Dibdin has only perpe-
trated ten errors in reprinting the title-page ! An ac-
curate facsimile of Froschower's title and table has been
recently published.

The 'New Testament from Erasmus, by Copland, for
Wayly, 1550, r2mo., is of very great rarity. The only
account of it that I have met with, is that referred to by
Mb. Rix — the fortunate possessor of this volume. _ I
hope that he will, when coming to London, bring it with
him, and make an appointment with me to meet at the
British Museum, and compare it with a very beautiful
copy of Copland's edition of 1549, which appears to be
very similar. — George Offor.]

Wiclif's Testament.— 1 have lately picked up, at
a bookseller's, a copy of Wiclif's translation of the
New Testament, edited by Lewi?, folio, 1731.

2"dS. VIII. Sept. 10. '50.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

2Ci

Lowndes gives no list of the plates. My copy has
two brilliant mezzotinto portraits — one of Wiclif,
the other anonymous, but I suppose of the editor;
and a facsimile of the title-page to Cranmer's
Bible, 1539. Are these all ?

A MS. note on the fly-leaf informs me that
"200 copies only were printed;" but Lowndes
gives the number as 150. Which is the correct
statement? Bristoliensis, Minor.

[ Wiclif 's Testament by Lewis, with his history of the
translations of the Bible into English (1731, folio), is
scarce, but not high priced ; still a very interesting book.
It was published at one guinea. The directions for plac-
ing the three plates describe the anonymous portrait as
"the Editor's picture." The frontispiece to Cranmer's
Bible is not a facsimile; it omits the sentences on the
scrolls, and both the armorial bearings of Cranmer and
Cromwell, instead of which their portraits are completed.
It was copied, not from the original wood block, but from
the painted frontispiece to the copy of the great Bible,
printed on vellum, presented to Heniy VIII., now in the
British Museum. The third plate is a portrait of Wiclif,
very different from the original published by Bishop
Bale in 1548, the difference being between a handsome
bishop and a poor hard-worked curate. These are all the
copper-plates that were published with the book: the
number of copies printed was very limited : about one
hundred were subscribed for. The advertisement states
that there were but few copies remaining beyond those
that were delivered to the subscribers. The text is in-
correct, but the reprint by Baber in 4to. is much more
so. The only accurate text of this revised version by
Wiclif is in Baxter's Hexapla, in editing which I used
twenty-nine ancient MSS., and was zealouslv aided by
the late Lea Wilson and other friends. The earlier, and
probably the first version by Wiclif, was admirably pub-
lished by my late friend Mr. Pickering from Mr. Wilson's
manuscript, and is just now selling cheap. — Geoege
Offois, Hackney.]

'■^Hallow e'en": the Wren Song. — 31st Oct.
is a remarkable night in Ireland among all classes
of society. Rich and poor have their evening's
amusement in burning nuts, apple snapping,
melting lead, and a hundred incantations to saints,
angels, and devils, as to the future husband
or wife of the young person desirous of such a
consummation of happiness. In the west of Ire-
land (the county of Galway in particular) the
youth go about dressed in fantastic shapes, like
our mumraers, carrying a dead wren, and so-
liciting money from house to house in a chorus,
of which the following is part first : —

" The wran (^sio), the wran, the king of all birds,
St. Stephen's Day was cocht {sic) in the lurch ;
God bless the mistriss of this house,
And if she dies, her soxol in heaven may rest."
The second part I could never learn, as it was
a sorry doggrel composed of English and Irish ;
complimentary, I believe, to the householder, who,
if he was liberal enough to bestow a trifle, was
abundantly rewarded with flattery and a shout ;
but if the deputation was sent away empty, he
was covered with expletives in Irish which made
all the company roar with laughter, and which I
understood was anything but polite.

Can any of your readers give the Eccoml part
of the first song, and state the origin of thig
"wran" expedition? Geokge Lloyd.

[Mr. Halliwell, in his Nursenj Rhymes (2nd ed. 1843),
gives, at p. 180., the English version of the " Hunting of
the Wren ; " and at p. 249., the Isle of Man " Hunting
of the Wran." But this used to take place iu the Isle of
Man on the 24th Dec. ; but formerly St. Stephen's Day
was the day for this observance, as is shown too by the
lines quoted by our correspondent.]

Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. — Where is the
best information to be procured about the family
of the Queen of Bohemia, daughter of our James
I. ? Her daughter, the Princess Elizabeth, ap-
pears to have been living in England, at Hertford,
in 1662 or 1664. W. C.

[Mrs. Green's interesting Life of Elizabeth, Queen of
Bohemia {Princesses of England, vols. v. and vi.), con-
tains some particulars of her family. The notes, too, will
probably afford a clue to the biography of her children.]

Lyric Works of Horace. — There was published,
in 1786, a translation into English of The Lyric
Works of Horace., with other Original Poems, by
an American. Can you give me any particulars
of the translator ? A. Z.

[The translator was John Parke, of whom we learn
from Fisher's notice of the Early Poets of Pennsylvania
{Mems. Hist. Soc. Penns., vol. ii. p. 100.) that he was
probably a native of Delaware, and born about the j-ear
1769, since he was in the college at Philadelphia in 1768 ;
that at the commencement of the war he entered the
American army, and was attached, it is supposed, to
Washington's division, for some of his pieces are dated at
camp, in the neighbourhood of Boston, and others at
Whitemarsh and Valley Forge. After the peace he was
for some time in Philadelphia, and is last heard of in
Arundel County, Virginia. Vide Duj'ckinck's Cyclo. of
American Literature, i. 805.]

THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM'S YORK HOUSE.

(2°« S.viii. 121.195.)

I am greatly indebted to Mr. Foss for cor-
recting my mistake respecting York House. How
I came to confuse the two York Houses could be
explained, but it is not worth while to trouble
you upon the subject.

Mr. Foss remarks that York House in the
Strand " was purchased by Archbishop Heath in
the reign of Queen Mary, in substitution for White-
hall This is not quite accurate. The history
of the transaction appears in Stow and other
writers ; and those who have not access to the
original authors may see the passages from them
extracted in Mr. Peter Cunningham's Handbook
of London. The Archbishops of York being
without a town residence (in consequence of their
loss of the first York House, afterwards White-
hall), Queen Mary gave Archbishop Heath " a

210

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>»«» S. YIII. Sept. 10. '69.

large and most sumptuous house, built by Charles
Brandon, late Duke of Suffolk, in the reign of
Henry VIII., which was called Suffolk House "
or Place. Stow describes this mansion as situate
" almost directly over against St. George's Church"
in Southwark. The locality was probably found
inconvenient even in those days ; and Archbishop
Heath, who was also Lord Chancellor, was soon
able to transfer himself to a more suitable neigh-
bourhood. In August, 1557, he " obtained a
licence for the alienation of this capital messuage
of Suffolk Place, and to apply the price thereof
for buying of other houses, also called Suffolk
Place, lying near Charing Cross." This second
Suffolk Place (which had Ijeen previously a resi-
dence of the Bishops of Norwich, and in conse-
quence was sometimes termed Norwich House),
became, after Heath's purchase of it, the second
York House in Westminster, — that one, namely,
which came into the possession of the Duke of
Buckingham, and, to speak accurately, (which I
am sure Mr. Foss will agree with me that those
who correct others ought to be careful to do,) was
purchased not " in substitution for Whitehall,"
but for Suffolk Place. Mr. Peter Cunningham
has given an enumeration of its distinguished legal
inhabitants somewhat fuller than that printed by
you. He tells us, that Heath was the only Arch-
bishop of York who inhabited this second York
House, and he only for a very short time ; his suc-
cessors from 1561 to 1606 " appear to have let it
to the Lord Keepers of the (jreat Seal. Lord
Chancellor Bacon, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon,
Lord Keeper, was born at York House in 1560-1,
and here his father, the Lord Keeper, died in
1579. Lord Keeper Puckering died here in 1596;
Lord Chancellor Egerton in 1616-17; and here,
in 1621, the Great Seal was taken from Lord
Bacon."

In his Life of Archbishop Heath, in the TAves
of the Judges (v. 382.) Mr. Foss ' describes the
way in which Buckingham procured possession of
York House thus : — " After Lord Chancellor
Bacon's disgrace, the Duke of Buckingham ob-
tained it, giving other lands in exchange."

This is hardly sufficiently precise or accurate,
as Mr. Foss will perceive from the following
circumstances. The history of the transaction
has never been fully developed ; but the facts
stated by Mr. Peter Cunningham, with the addi-
tion of those brought to light in the recently pub-
lished Calendars of State Papers, enable us pretty
well to understand its nature. Soon after Bacon
ceased to reside there, applications were made to
him to part with his interest — whatever it may
have been. The Duke of Lenox solicited per-
mission either to buy the place or to make an
exchange for it. Bacon replied : " For this you
will pardon me : York House is the house where
my father died, and where I first breathed, and

there will I yield my last breath, if it so please
God and the King." Buckingham was more suc-
cessful than Lenox. He got possession upon some
terms, — what they were does not appear, but he
is said not to have been careful in the fulfilment
of them. On 1 July, 1622, Chamberlain writes to
Carleton, "Visct. St. Albans has filed a bill in
Chancery against Buckingham, on account of the
nonperformance of his contract for taking York
House" (Mrs. Green's Calendar of State Papers).
How this was settled has not yet, I believe, been
explained.

Once in possession under Bacon's title, Buck-
ingham set himself, or rather the King did on his
behalf, to persuade Archbishop Matthew to part
with the freehold of the house. On 30 March,
1624, we find that the King wrote to Archbishop
Matthew, soliciting that the inheritance of York
House might be passed to the Duke of Bucking-
ham, at the then present assembly of parliament.
Mrs. Green's Calendar informs us that the King
urged that his compliance could not injure his
own see, as lands of greater profit should be given
in exchange, and the house had not for a long time
past been used as a bishop's residence. The King
added that he had moved Buckingham to take the
house, and wished to have the honour of "settling
such a servant in it." The Archbishop had still
some scruples: perhaps he objected to deal with
the favourite ; but on the 15 May, 1624, we learn*
from Archbishop Laud, as quoted by Mr. Cun-
ningham, that " the Bill passed in Parliament for
the King to have York House, in exchange for
other lands. This was for the Lord Duke of
Buckingham." We have here a glimpse of how
Buckingham "obtained it," and whose lands, not
Buckingham's, were given in exchange.

One other fact in connexion with Buckingham's
buildings on this site, which also appears in one
of the new State Paper Calendars, may be worthy
of note. It is, that Portland stone was extensively
used in the construction of Buckingham's magni-
ficent mansion, and that James I. paid 1800Z. for
2000 tons of that material to be used in Bucking-
ham's building. (Mr. Bruce's Calendar of Chas. I.,
vol. i. p. 541.) W. NoEi, Sainsburt.

HANDEL IN BRISTOL.

(2-«» S. vii. 494.)

The story of Handel's visit to the city of Bristol
is not worthy of the slightest credit. The suppo-
sition " that he was for a little while organist of
St. Mary Redcliff"," is the invention of some needy
penny-a-liner. The article in The Bristol Times
and Felix Farley's Journal goes on to say : —

" We suspect he visited Bristol on his way to Ireland,
or perhaps returning from it, as we know he first pro-
duced the Jlessiah in Dublin, having determined to give

2n<i S. VIII. Sept. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

211

the Irish metropolis the benefit of that genius which was
not at first so promptly recognised in the English capital.
The importance of our citj', and the society at the Hot-
wells, may have tempted him to prolong his stay for a
few months — during which time it was only natural he
might have tried most of the organs here, as in that day
there were some very fine instruments in the Bristol
churches. But however this may be, Bristol can claim
the honour of at least having had him as a visitor."

When, may I ask, did the great musician
honour Bristol with a visit ? Most certainly not
when he was proceeding to or returning from
Dublin. Nor, as far as we have any evidence, at
any other time.

Handel witnessed the performance in London
of Galuppi's pasticcio, Alessandj-o in Persia, on the
1st of October, 1741. About the 4th of Novem-
ber, he set out for Ireland ; but being detained
by contrary winds at Parkgate, did not arrive in
Dublin until the 18th of the same month. He re-
mained in Ireland nearly nine months, leaving it
on the 13th of August, 1742. On the 9th of the
following September, he dates a letter from Lon-
don to his friend Charles Jennens, Esq., of Gopsal
Hall. In this epistle he apologises for not sta^'ing
on his road home to visit Lord Guernsey at Co-
ventry, from which it may be inferred that he
was anxious to arrive in London, which he pro-
bably reached some time before the end of August ;
at any rate he was at home, and writing to his
friend on the 9th of September. When, then, did
Handel visit Bristol ? Edward F. Rimbault.

" BARATAEIANA."

(2°3 S. viii. 95. 139.)

I willingly comply with the request of Abhba,
that I should " furnish a tolerably accurate key
to the characters which figure in Baratai-iana."

To the second edition of the book, published in
1773, there is appended the following so-called
"key"; but the difficulty is to recognise, at this
distance of time, the names which have been ini-
tialed, and to supply them.

1. Sancho - - Lord T d.

2. Goreannelli - - Lord A y.

3. Don Francisco An-"i

drea del Bumpe- >Rt. Hon. F s A s.

roso - - -J

*• ^°l£'°'S'° ^""-j Sir G e M y.

Rt. Hon. A y U e.

Rt. Hon. J— n H y H n.

Rt. Hon. P p T 1.

L. L s, now E. of E v.

Rt. Hon. J— n P y.

R 1 H n, Esa.

carny
5. Don Antonio
(). Don John Alnagero

7. Don Philip -

8. Count Loftonso
y. Don John

10. Don Helena -

11. Donna Dorothea del)

Monroso - - J

12. Don Godfredo Lilly G y L 11, Esq,

13. The Duke Fitz-> ^^ , ..,

royola - .j Dike of G-

14. Cardinal Lapidaro The late Prim. S e.

Miss M-

-n.

15. The Bishop of To-| Dr. J 1 B-

ledo - - -j ofC k.

16. DonEdwardoSwan-"^ ^

zero - - -J

17. DonAlexandroCun- )

ingambo del Twee- > Surgeon C-
dalero - -J

18. Donna Lavinia - Lady St. L

19. Don Ricardo - - R d P-

Ifite Bishop

d S n, Esq.

■r, Esq.

The first named is, of course, George Viscount
Townshend, who became Lord Lieutenant of Ire-
land October 14, 1767, and continued in the
government until succeeded by Simon, Earl of
Harcourt, Nov. 30, 1772,

2. Lord Annaly, Lord Chief Justice of the
King's Bench in Ireland. As John Gore he re-
presented Jamestown in Parliament for several
years; d. 1783.

3. The Right Hon. Francis Andrews. He suc-
ceeded Dr. Baldwin as Provost of Trin. Coll.,
Dublin, in 1758. Andrews had previously repre-
sented Dublin in Pai'liament ; d. 1 774.*

4. Sir George Macartney, Knight f, born 1737 ;
Envoy Extraordinary to the Empress of Russia,
1764, and Plenipotentiary 1767 ; Knighted Oc-
tober, 1764. Received the White Eagle from the
King of Poland, 1766. In July, 1768, he was
elected for the borough of Armagh. In 1769 he
became Secretary to Lord Townshend, Viceroy
of Ireland. In 1776 Sir George Macartney was
raised to the Peerage. In 1779 we find him a
prisoner in France, and subsequently Governor
of Madras. I He married the daughter of Lord
Bute : hence the nickname Buticarny.

5. The Right Hon. Anthony Mai one. For up-
wards of half a century an ornament to the Irish
Bar ; d. May 8, 1776. For a long account of him
see Hardy's Life of Charlemont (vol. i. pp. 133 —
139.; and Taylor's Hist, of the Univer. of Dublin
(pp. 395-6.); and Grattan's Memoirs, passim. §

6. Right Hon. John Hely Hutchinson. In the
Directory of the day he is styled " Prime Serjeant
and Alnager of Ireland, Kildare St." He sub-
sequently became Secretary of State and Keeper
of the Privy Seal. For a long account of Hutch-
inson, see Hardy's Chai-lemont (i. 141.; ii. 185.).
Having obtained a peerage for his wife, he be-
came ancestor of the Lords Donoughmore.|| The
author of Sketches of Irish Polit. Char. (Lond.
1799) observes (p. 60.), " Lord Townshend said
of Hely Hutchinson that if his Majesty gave him

* Taylor's Inst, of the Univer. of Dublin, pp. 251-2.;
Wilson's Dublin Diree. (1770), p. 41.

t Vide "List of Privv Councillors," Dublin Direc.
(1770), p. 41.

J Archdall's Lodge's Peerage, Dub. 1789, vol. vii. pp. 90
—92.

§ In Wilson's Directory for 1770, Malone is styled
"King's 1st Counsel at Law, Sackville Street."

jl Burke's Peei-age (1848), p. 315. For an account of
his regime as Provost of Trin. Coll. see Taylor's Hist, of
Univer. Dublin, p. 253.

212

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'i S. YIII. Sept. 10. '59,

the whoft kingdoms of England and Ireland, he
would beg the Isle of Man for a cabbage gar-
den."

7. Eight Hon. Philip Tisdall, P. C, Attorney
General. He represented the University of Dub-
lin in Parliament, from 1739 until his death in
1777. For a long account and character of Tis-
dall, see Hardy's Charlemont (i. 152 — 156.). In
the Directory of 1770, he is styled " Prin. Secre.
of State, and Judge of the Prerogative Court,
Leinster Street."

8. The Hon. Henry Loftus succeeded his nephcAV
Nicholas as 4th Viscount Loftus * ; b. 11th Nov.
1709 ; advanced to the earldom of Ely, 5th Dec.
I771.t^

9. Right Hon. John Ponsonby, son of Lord
Bessborough, Speaker of the Irish House of
Commons, b. 1713; d. 12 December, 1789. He
was the father of Chancellor, and of Lord Pon-
sonby.J

10. "Robert Hellen, K. C, and Counsel to the
Commissioners, Great CufFe Street ; called to the
Bar Hilary Term, 1755." §

11. A gentleman who has long been intimately
acquainted with Irish pamphlets of the last cen-
tury, tells me that a Miss Munro was said to have
been mixed up with some of the political intrigues
which characterised the Townshend and other ad-
ministrations. Another party informs me that
" Dolly Munro " is traditionally described as a
woman of surpassing beauty and powers of fas-
cination. She was quite a Duchess of Gordon in
the political world of her time.

12. » Godfrey Lill, Esq., Solicitor General,

Merrion Square, M , 1743." || I was at first

disposed to consider that Godfrey Luttrel was the
name indicated. See Lodge's Peerage, vol. iii.
399. 401, 402.

13. Augustus Henry, third Duke of Grafton, b.
1735, filled the offices of Secretary of State, and
First Lord of the Treasury in 1765 and 1766,
and that of Lord Privy Seal in 1771.

14. Primate Stone. George, Archbishop of
Armagh, alliteratively sirnamed the Ambitious,
promoted 1746. He was the great political
rival of Lord Shannon. Death closed the eyes
of both within nine days of each other, in Dec.
1764.1[

* His ancestor, A. Loft-House, accompanied Lord Sus-
sex to Ireland. Various family links subsequently united
the Loftuses to the house of Townshend. General Loftus
married, 1790, Lady E. Townshend, only daughter of
Marquis Townshend. Her daughter Charlotte married
Lord Vere Townshend.

t Burke's Peerage, p. 371. (1848.)

X Burke's Peerage, p. 93. ; Hardy's Charlemont, i. 184.
201. 293.

§ Wilson's Dublin Directories.

II Ibid.

1 DuhUn Direc. 1769, p. 42. ; Hardy's Charlemont, vol.
i. passim.

15. Dr. Jemmet Browne, consecrated Bishop of
Cork, 1743; promoted to Elphin, 1772.*

16. Edward B. Swan, Esq., Surveyor- General
of the Revenue.f The Swan family seem to have
had peculiar claims on the government. In the
Castlereagh Papers there is a letter dated Jan. 7,
1801, mentioning that Mr. J. Swan has been forty
years in the revenue; that his office is worth 900/.
a year, and that he had claims to retire. Was
this the father of the notorious Major Swan who
arrested the thirteen delegates of the United
Irishmen at Oliver Bond's in 1798 (Plowden's
Hist. Ireland, ii. 424.), and who afterwards as-
sisted in the capture of Lord Edward Fitzgei-ald ?
{^Castlereagh Correspondence, vol. i. 463.]

17. " Surgeon Alexander Cunningham, Eustace
Street," figures in the list of surgeons at p. 98. of
Wilson's Dublin Directory for 1770.

18. Lady St. Leger, R. St. Leger (nephew of
Hughes Viscount Doneraile, whose title became
extinct in 1767) represented Doneraile from 1749
to 1776, when his majesty pleased to create him
Baron Doneraile as a reward for parliamentary
services. He married Miss Mary Barry. She died
March 3, 1778.J Can this be the party referred
to?

19. Richard Power, K. C. [at p. '265. of Bara-
tariana, " Counsellor Power " is mentioned]. In
The Directory of 1774, we find him styled "Third
Baron of the Exchequer, and Usher and Accoun-
tant-General of the Court of Chancery, Kildare
Street, Hilary, 1757." Mr. Daunt in his Recol-
lections of O Connell (ii. 145.) narrates an extra-
ordinary anecdote of O'Connell's in reference to
Baron Power, who having failed to take Lord
Chancellor Clare's life with a loaded pistol, walked
to Irishtown to commit suicide by drowning. It
was remarked as curious that in walking off to
drown himself, he used an umbrella as the day
was wet. Baron Power was a convicted pecu-
lator. Died 1793.

The letters from Philadelphus, also published in
Baraiariana, repeatedly mention the name Pedro
Pezzio. Dr. Charles Lucas (b. 1713; d. 1771),
is the party alluded to.

William John Fitz-Patrick.

Stillorgan, Dublin.

PETER CUNNINGHAM.

(P'S. ix. 75.)
Happening a few days since to look into Ni-
chols's Illustrations of the Literary History of the

* Wilson'* Dublin Direc. 1774, p. 52.

t Dublin Direc. YilA: \_Com. Eev."], p. 73. The Viceroy
at p. 228. of Baratariana is made to speak of " his trustj'
friends, Swan and Waller." In the Directory for 1774,
"George Waller, Clerk of the Minutes in Excise," is
mentioned.

X Archdall's Lodge's Peerage, vol. vi. p. 123.

2'"» S. VIII. Sbpt. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

213

I8th Century, I met with a solution of a Query
which I made, and to which, since its appearance in
1854, no reply has been inserted, respecting the
gentleman mentioned above. The following ex-
tract is from vol. vi. pp. 47, 48. of the Illustra-
tions : —

" The Rev. Peter Cunningham. — The ensufcg let-
ters [not those mentioned by me in my Queiy-] were
addressed by the Rev. Peter Cunningham, Curate of
Eyara, near the Peak in Derbj'sbire, to the Rector of that
place, the Rev. Thomas Seward, father of the poetess. I
can add but few particulars of Mr. Cunningham to those
which will be found in these letters. It will be perceived
by them that he was the son of a naval officer (at Deal),
and, adopting the clerical profession rather from his own
studious predilections than from his father's choice, had
no University education ; but having been under the
tuition of a respectable clergyman, was ordained in 1772
by Archbishop Drummond, and for the first two or three
years after was Curate of Almondbury, near Huddersfield ;
where he was honoured by the notice of the Earl of
Dartmouth, who resided at Woodsome Hall in that popu-
lous parish. In 1775, he became Mr. Seward's Curate at
Eyam (celebrated as the scene of Christian heroism dis-
played bj' the Rev. William Mompesson during a great
plague which raged there in 1666), and soon after ad-
dressed to him the letters now printed. How long he
continued at Eyam I cannot say ; but the Eulogium pro-
nounced on him from the pulpit by Mr. Seward, and
printed hereafter, seems to have promised a long con-
nexion. It is surely a very singular document. Mr.
Cunningham's name does not occur in any of the editions
of Living Authors; but a poem entitled Britannia's Naval
Trimnph was the offspring of his pen. In the latter years
of his life he was Curate of Chertsey, in Surrey ; and he
died there at his apartments in that town in July, 1805,
having been a few minutes before suddenly attacked Avith
illness while dining with the Chertsey Friendly Society,
to which he had been in the habit of delivering an an-
nual discourse."

The "Eulogium" is too long for "N. & Q.;"
but a more beautiful tribute of praise to the cha-
racter of a good parish clergyman, in the person
of Mr. Cunningham, will not easily be found.

The writer of the commendatory note, inserted
in the MS. volume of letters mentioned by me,
was the Rev. Robert Finch, formerly of Balliol
College, who died about the year 1830.

J. Maceay.

SKELETONS WITH WAX HEADS AT CUM^.

(2°" S. viii. 170.)

I have very much pleasure In replying to your
correspondent, but must really express my surprise
that any respectable English archaeological paper
should publish such an idea. In Italy everything
dug up is supposed in some way to be connected
with a saint or a martyr that has any trace or
emblem that can be so construed ; but in this
case there was no mark, nor vestige of anything
Christian about the tomb or bodies whatever.
The only thing that existed which could be tor-
tured into such a supposition was that a small

brass coin of Diocletian was found in the tomb.
That emperor was a persecutor, — ergo, they were
martyrs. A small bottle was found containing
some dark dried-up substance, — ergo, that was the
blood collected at the time of the execution by
sorrowing friends. Now, first of all, it seems most
improbable that the Christians should place a coin
of their murderer along with the bodies of the
murdered. In fact, the very existence of this
coin in such a place seemed to infer that it was
the ordinary naulus, or coin, to be given to
Charon as the passage-money across the Styx,
and therefore that the body was Pagan. Again ;
how* came their bodies to be buried in a Pagan
cemetery If they were Christians ? We know the
horror they had of interments among the altar-
sacrifices and other rites of the heathen. At
that period their burials were almost universally
In catacombs, and not In such tombs as these.
Again, the wax heads represented the persons as
living, and having their eyes open : if Christian
martyrs, surely they would have been represented
with their eyes closed in the sleep of death.
Again, near the female skeleton were all the ob-
jects of the lady's toilette, glass scent vases, a
coffer, the fan, the necklace, hair-pins, and even
a mirror. Surely no Christian was ever interred
surrounded by such vanities of the world, though
it was a common practice with the heathen. Be-
sides this, we have the negative evidence of the
absence of any token either of Christianity or of
martyrdom ; — no cross, palm, or holy lamb ; no
emblem of Immortality, nor of the resurrection,
in any shape or form, was found on or about the
bodies.

As to the ink, supposed to have been blood, the
analysis was made by the celebrated SIg. Luigi
del Grosso. Here it is in his own words, as given
me by Professor Minervini : — " Gallato e tannato
di ferro sospesi nella viscoslta di un' allungata
soluzione di gomma arabica ; con nero dl fumo,
che ha dovuto sciogliersi nell' alcool." This may
be translated, " Gallate and tannate of iron held
in suspension by a weak solution- of gum arable ;
with wood soot, which is separable in alcohol."
Professor Guarini discovered traces of copper,
which might be due to the bronze vessel in which
it was found. He did not find the gallic acid,
but he had but half a drachm to experiment upon.
In other respects he fully agreed with Del Grosso
that It was inl^gpot blood.

If your correspondent wishes to refer to any
i published authorities, I would direct him to the
j numbers of the BuUetino Archeologia NapoUtano,
1 1853 to 1855, edited by Garucci and Minervini;
I the Monumenti Cumani, by Florelli, Naples, 1853 ;
\ and Gli Scheletri Cerocefali of the celebrated
Quaranta, also published at Naples. I cannot,
however, refrain from again expressing my sur-
' prise that an English archteologlst should adhere

-214

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'J S. VIII. Sept. 10. '55.

still to so gi'oundless an Idea, especially as it is
now abandoned by all the best scholars of Italy.
Will M. N. S.]i"favour me with the name of the
publication ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

PATRON SAINTS.

(2»« S. viii. 141.)

Allow me to add to your correspondent's list,
"that Portugal also owns as a patron saint S. An-
tony, to whom will be found addressed, in the
Manual de Oracues, Lisbon, 1826, an afFeeting
prayer which, in an abridged form, is here trans-
lated : —

" Illustrious Father S. Autony, thou wlio li oldest the
infant Jesus in thine arms, and who art the special advo-
cate of things lost, — now, upon this day which Portugal
dedicates to thine honour, pray to the Lord that, by his
light and grace, I in&y find myself, and so return, a lost
sheep, to his fold and flock. Amen."

With regard to S. George of England, xnuch
that is curious stands connected with the claim to
this illustrious saint, which Is preferred by the
Portuguese. On their grand annual festival,
Corpo de Deos, S. George, a colossal image, richly
attired, bearing a formidable lance, decked out
■with all the jewelry which the nobility of Lisbon
can furnish for the occasion, and mounted on
the largest and noblest charger that Lisbon can
supply, passes through the main streets of the
city between rows of kneeling multitudes, escorted
by priests, soldiers, and grandees. During a two
years' residence In Lisbon Imposed by my official
duties, 1839-41, I took some pains to ascertain
the grounds on which our Portuguese allies claim
an interest In S. George; and — if you will bear
with a little bit of foreign folk-lore — the result of
my inquiries was this : —

The claim Is a consequence of our ancient al-
liance. A flotilla, bearing English crusaders on
their voyage to the Holy Land, put into the
Tagus just at the time when the insurgent Portu-
guese, having expelled the Moors from the city of
Lisbon, had cooped them up in the castle, and,
high as it stands, were about to assault it. We,
of course, quite as ready to fight Lusitanian
Moors as oriental Saracens, landed forthwith,
took part in the assault, shouted after our wont
" S. George ! S. George ! " and effectually aided
in the capture of the castle. The Portuguese
heard our shouts, and drew the inference, not only
that the English saint was a valuable aid In his
proper line as advocate, but that he himself, S.
George, was actually In our midst, and, as our
Captain, had led us on to the assault. Hence the
distinguished honours which he now receives in
Portugal. The report at Lisbon is, that S. George,
to keep up the remembrance of his prowess, has
since killed a man. That is, on one of those an-

nual occasions when he is borne in procession
through the streets, his lance slipped from his
hand, came down with a run, and wounded an
unfortunate and kneeling spectator, who died from
the injury. I ventured to call this "a sad acci-
dent.''' But my Portuguese informant who nar-
rated the occurrence gravely replied, " Elle o tern
feito" (He didit!)

Another morsel of Peninsular folk lore. A poor
wayfaring man knocked late one night at the door
of a certain Lisbon convent, and was refused ad-
mittance. He then dragged his weary steps to
another convent, where he was hospitably re-
ceived, fed, and lodged for the night. Next
morning the pious Inmates of the convent made it
their first concern to give the poor man an early
meal ; but he was nowhere to be found ! The
gates of the convent, closed at night, were not yet
unbarred ; he had mysteriously disappeared !
They then, as usual, assembled In chapel for
their morning oi-Isons. But there, lo ! a new ob-
ject met their eyes. In the chapel they found
awaiting them, brought there no one knew how,
that noble image of S. George which is now borne
annually through the streets of Lisbon. Doubt-
less it was the gift of the pilgrim they had lodged !
And doubtless that pilgrim was no other than
S. George himself! The same legend, however,
is told of other images.

To your correspondent's list of patron saints
who preside over " general matters," I beg leave
to add my particular favourite Sta. Eufemia, who
is firstrate for all affections of the sight and eyes.
She has a " house" near Cintra, and also a foun-
tain to which my own eyes were much indebted.
On diverging from the road you have to pass
over bare rocks, where your path to the spring
can be traced only like an Indian trail, by the
fragments of pitchers broken by those who go
stumbling along over the uneven ground, to fetch
the healing water on Sta. Eufemia's day.

The Portuguese are exceedingly perplexed by
our introducing a certain saint, to them unknown.
Our sailors have Anglicised the name of Setiibal,
and call it S. Ubes ! No wonder at the change :
for in our nautical geography, Coruila is " the
Groin ;" the Cachopos, a dangerous ledge of rocks
at the mouth of the Tagus, are " the Catchups;"
and the Ilheo, a small island off Funchal, is " the
Loo Island." When we speak of S. Ubes, the
natives earnestly ask : " What saint Is that ? Who
is S. Ubes ? We have no such saint in our calen-
dario." Thomas Boys.

It seems that the work entitled Emblems of
Saints, published by Burns & Lambert in 1850,
has not yet found its way to Hong Kong ; or at
least, that W. T. M. has never seen it. That
work contains a very copious list of patron saints :
first of arts, trades, and professions ; and secondly

2°«» S. VIIL, Skpt. 10. '53.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

215

of countries and cities. These lists include all
those given by this correspondent, with a few
variations, and a great many others. Copious,
however, as they are, they will be very considera-
bly augmented in the new edition which will
shortly appear. This will also contain a very
large number of additional saints and emblems.

F. C. H.

ABIGAIL HILL.

(2"'J S. viii. 9. 57. 155.)

Your correspondent Ithuriel gives no new
light on " the connection between Abigail Hill
and the Harley family." It has been always
known that Lady Masham stood in exactly the
same degree of relationship to Lord Treasurer
Harley and to Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough,
viz. that of first cousin once removed. The
cousinship to Sarah Jennings is traceable enough ;
but I find no trace whatever how a similar re-
lationship had arisen with Harley. Probably the
record is preserved in the Hoare family, who, as
far as I am aware, are the sole descendants of
Lord and Lady Masham.

The Conduct of the Duchess of Marlborough,
written (professedly) by herself, must be pretty
notorious to most readers of " N. & Q." as a work
in which she vents her rancour oa persons and
things in general, and particularly on Lady
Masham and all belonging to her. As Ithuriel,
however, quotes from it as from ^ text-book, it
is only fair, and accordant with your invariable
impartiality, to admit, on the other hand, a few
testimonies illustrating the character of the work
and its noble authoress : —

" For above twenty years she possessed without a rival
the favour of the most indulgent mistress in the world,
nor ever missed one single opportunity that fell in her
way, of improving it to her own advantage. She pre-
served a tolerable court reputation with respect to love
and gallantrj' ; but three furies reigned in her breast, the
most mortal enemies to all softer passions, which were
sordid avarice, disdainful pride, and ungovernable rage.
By the last of these, often breaking out in sallies of the
most unpardonable sort, she had long alienated her sove-
reign's mind, before it appeared to the world. This lady
is not without some degree of wit, and has in her time
affected the character of it, by the usual method of argu-
ing against religion, and proving the doctrines of Chris-
tianity to be impossible and absurd. Imagine what such
a spirit, irritated by the loss of power, favour, and em-
ployment, is capable of acting or attempting; and then
I have said enough." — Four Last Years of the Queen;
Scott's ed. of Swift, v. 27.

Miss Strickland writes (^Queens of England, viii.
104.:) —

" Lady Marlborough's arrogance had become absolutely
maniacal."

"Thwarted ambition, great wealth, and increasing
years (said Lord Haile) rendered the Duchess of Marl-
borough more and more peevish. She hated courts over
which she had no influence, and she became at length

the most ferocious animal that is suffered to go_ loose, — a
violent party-woman."

Dr. Warton (Essay on Pope, vol. ii. 200.) re-
lates that, in the last illness of the Duke, the
Duchess, disliking the advice of his physician, fol-
lowed him down stairs, swore at him bitterly, and
was going to tear off his periwig.

The above may appear sufficient, but, in truth,
no pen could fully paint the Duchess but her own.
Pope's "great Atossa" showed "the ruling passion
strong in death," and, by her own account, de-
parted this life in perfect hatred to all the world.
Almost the last lines which she penned are the
following (1737): —

" It is impossible one of my age and infirmities can live
long; and one great happiness of death is, that one shall
never hear any more of anything they do in this world."

Lector Westmonasteriensis,

COCK AND BULL STORIES.

(1" S. iv. 312. ; V. 414. ; vi. 14G.)

One correspondent refers the origin of this
phrase to the tale of " the painter who drew a
misshapen cock upon a signboard, and wrote
under it, ' This is a Bull.' " (vi. 146.) Your
readers will probably consign such an etymo-
logy to the same limbo as that in which- is shut
up the explanation of the word Cochney, from the-
story of the Londoner and the neighing cock. In
vol. V. 414. we are reminded of Dr. G. S. Faber's
ipse dixit, that the correct form of the phrase is
" Cock-on-a-bell stories," as referring to " the fa-
bulous narratives of Popery." But Dr. Maitlancl
has shown in the same volume, p. 447., that this
learned controversialist has misquoted Reinerius,
whom he adduces as his authority for the asser-
tion that " Gallus- super- Campanam was the ec-
clesiastical hieroglyphic for a Bomish priest ; ""
inasmuch as what Reinerius really does say is,
" Gallus super campanile significat Doctorem," a
simple and intelligible statement of a fact well
known to the merest dabbler in ecclesiology, and
having nothing on earth to do with either bulls or
bells.

I can see little or no difficulty in the phrase.
Is it not drawn from the old-fashioned fables, in
which cocks and bulls, et hoc genus omne, are
made to talk with human voices ? Monstrum hor-
7'endum! Two quotations immediately occur to
me, which seem to show that the phrase has at
least been commonly so understood. Mat. Prior
thus closes his " Riddle — On Beauty :" —

" For this I willingly decline
The mirth offcasts, and joys of wine ;
And choose to sit and talk with thee,
(As thy great orders jnay decree,)
Of cocks and bulls, and flutes and fiddles.
Of idle tales, and foolish riddles."

216

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'»'J S, VIII. Sept. 10. '59.

And Cowper thus commences his Fable, "Pair-
ing Time anticipated : " — .

" I shall not ask Jean Jaques Rousseau
If birds confabulate or no ;
'Tis clear, that they were alwaj's able
To hold discourse, at least in fable;
And even the child who knows no better
Than to interpret, by the letter,
A story of a cock and bull.
Must have a most uncommon skull."

The allusion in the first line is, of course, to
Rousseau's absurd crotchet, that children ought
not to read fables in which " cocks and bulls " are
made to speak, lest they should learn deception.

Qu. How far back does the use of the phrase
go?

I see by the " London Antiquary's " new Dic-
tionary of Modern Slang, &c., that the term cocks
is applied to the " fictitious narratives, in verse or
prose, of murders, fires, and terrible accidents,
sold in the streets as true accounts." He adds,
"possibly a corruption of cook, a cooked state-
ment." I would rather suggest, "a contraction,
for cock-and-bull stories." Ache.

d&t^XitS t0 :^iitnr Cutties.

Dr. Donne s Seal (2"'' S. viii. 1 70.) — In reply
to this Query, I extract the following from a
letter I received from Dr. Bliss : —

" Oct. 1841.

" I send you an impression from my seal, which
is not original, but a fac-simile from an original
in the hands of Mr. Domeville Wheeler of Bad-
ham.

"I have seen two undoubted Donne seals ; one
in the hands of a boy at school with me forty-
five years ago, and of which, boy as I was, I then
sent an account to the Gent's Mag. ; and this of
Mr. Wheeler's. The former, I fear, is lost. You
will see a print of a third in Pickering's ' Life of
Walton,' prefixed to his magnificent edition of
The Angler.

" In great haste, truly yours,

" Philip Bliss."

From the impression above alluded to, Tassie,
of Leicester Square, made me a glass seal, with
which I fasten this letter. No doubt he has the
matrix of that; and Mr. Smith, of 42, Eathbone
Place, has cut a die for envelope seals.

On receipt of postage stamps, I shall be happy
to send an impression to any readers of " N. &
Q." H. T. Ellacombe.

Rectory, Clyst St. George.

Ralph Bokehy, Sfc. (2"* S. viii. 89.) — Mr. In-
GLEDEw will find ample information on the points
about which he inquires in Burke's Extinct Ba-
ronetage. Ralph Rokeby of Mortham and Rokeby
married Margery, eldest daughter and coheir of

Robert Danby of Yafibrd, by a daughter of Sir
Richard Conyers, Knight. Her will and the in-
ventory of her eldest son Thomas Rokeby are to
be found in vol. xxvi. of the Surtees Society's
publications. The present representative of the
family is the Rev. H.R. Rokeby, rector of Arthing-
worth, Northants. C. J. Robinson.

Sevenoaks, Kent.

Ci-omweWs Knights (2°* S. viii. 31.) — Thomas
Dickeson, mentioned in the list given by L. H.,
appears to be the same with Thomas Dickinson,
merchant of York, who was twice Lord Mayor,
and also represented the city in parliament. He
is described as " a mighty man against his royal
master." — Vide Fabric Rolls of York Minster, p.
331. n. E. H. A.

Ring Posies (2°'^ S. vii. 251.) — The following
are given from wills of the seventeenth century in
the glossary appended to Fabric Rolls of York Min-
ster, recently edited for the Surtees Society by
the Rev. James Raine, p. 350.^ —

" Nosce teipsum."

" Think on mee."

" Desire and deserve."

" Keepe faith till death."

" As God hath appointed."

" Soe I am contented."

E. H. A.
John de Witt (2°* S. i. 98.) —I have in my pos-
session an autograph of John de Witt's appended
to an official letter, and having recently seen some
queries in th» first volume of the present series
relating to the proper way of spelling his name,
perhaps I may be excused for again noticing this
subject.

I believe autographs of John de Witt are not
often met witli. Me. Hendricks states (2"* S. i.
98.) that he has only seen one, although he subse-
quently came across a lithographed letter : in both,
however, the name was spelt differently, — in the
Latin with one t, in the Dutch with two. The evi-
dence being thus equally balanced, I take the
liberty of coming forward, and claiming a verdict
for the double t, it being so spelt in my letter;
thus — " Johan de Witt, 1657."

This letter is written in Dutch, on folio paper,
and contains about twenty-two lines very closely
written ; and, being in Dutch, I am desirous of
having it translated. Will any lover of these
matters, through the medium of "N. & Q.," kindly
undertake it for me ? W. O. W.

Scarborough.

Ballad: Elland or Eland (2'>'» S. viii. 169.) —
In reply to your correspondent's inquiry, I beg to
refer him to the 5th vol. of Allen's Histo7-y of the
County of York, p. 398. to 400., where he will find
a narrative of this feud between the Elands and
the Beaumonts. John Nurse Chad wick.

King's Lynn.

2"* S. VIII. Sept. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

217

Shooting Soldiers: Oak Leaves (2""* S. viii. 156.)
— As punishments for wearing oak-leaves cannot
have been inflicted within living memory, I crave
reference to the books in which they are recorded.
Were the soldiers tried by a court-martial on the
specific charge of '■ showing an oak-leaf in their
fingers ? " As to civilians, wearing oak-leaves is
not an offence at common-law, so the infliction of
*' imprisonment, whipping, and fine " could be
legal only by statute. Was there any such sta-
tute ? I think not. I am here without any means
of reference except my Prayer-book, in which I
find the service for the 29th May as appointed by
the Act 12 & 13 Car. II., and which was in full
force till the last session.

I wish to investigate these cases. We know
that sometimes people are convicted of one offence
and punished for another. Probert was found
guilty of stealing a horse, and hanged for killing
Weare; and I have seen at Quarter Sessions very
severe sentences for very small larcenies, when
the convicts were suspected as poachers ; but the
only case which has fallen within my reading of a
civilian punished for wearing the Jacobite symbol
is that of Amos Turner, mentioned in The Me-
moirs of P. P. as. "a worthy person, rightly es-
teemed for his sufferings, in that he had beeft
honoured with the stocks for wearing an oaken

bough." FiTZHOPKINS.

Amiens.

James Anderson (2°'^ S. viii. 169.) — Your cor-
respondent 2. 0. will find some notices of James
Anderson in Mr. Maidment's Analecta Scotica.
But I think every particular may be gleaned from
Anderson's own letters preserved in the Advo-
cates' Library in Edinburgh. Many of these were
addressed to Sir Richard Steele, who was Ander-
son's tenant while acting as commissioner for for-
feited estates in that city. W. H. W.

Mowhray Coheirs (P' S. i. 213.) — Collins, in
his Peerage of England {qA. 1812, vol. i. p. 18.,
art. Howard Duke of Norfolk), says that the
great partition of the Mowbray estates between
Berkeley and Howard as coheirs of Thomas, last
duke of that name, took place in the 15th Hen.
VII., and refers to the Communia Roll of Easter
Term in that year. No. 1. (C. P.), leading to the
inference that the partition-deed would be found
there enrolled. A querist (G.) in the first vol. of
" N. & Q." inquired for the partition, which was
not found upon a casual inspection of the roll re-
ferred to. A recent examination of the whole rolls
of that term induces the conclusion that Collins was
mistaken as to the matter, as the only entry referring
to Berkeley among the deeds (towards the end of
the roll) is a grant and confirmation, dated 20th
August, 13th Hen. VII. (1498), from Wm. Denys,
son and heir of Sir Walter Denys, Knight, of the
half of the manor of Auste, witii lands, &c. in the

county of Gloucester, and half the manor of Lit-
ton, with the patronage of the church of Litton,
and the manor of Northberyton, and patronage of
the free chapel there, and all lands, &c. to Mau-
rice Berkeley, Thomas Berkeley, Robert Green of
Coventry, and Thos. Trye.

The recent search was made in reference to the
manor of Bosham in Sussex, jvhich has remained
in the Berkeleys to this day, and the result may
save future genealogists from repeating the refer-
ence of Collins, which is erroneous in relation to
the partition of the Mowbray estates. W. D. C.

Thomas Talbot (2"^ S. viii. 148.) — I find in my
manuscript collections on this name, a Thomas
Talbot set down at 1630 in Wood's Athence Oxoni-
enses, vol. ii. p. 108. ; and a farther notice of him,
as at Paris in 1635, occurs in the same work, vol.
iii. p. 1224. A reference to this work, which I
have not at present near me, will be lilcely to sa-
tisfy R. W.'s query.

A correspondent of this useful periodical has
accused me (2""* S. viii. 9.) of anticipating James
I. in my Illustrations of James the Second's Irish
Army List by a creation of (I believe he said)
sundry baronets. As a new enlarged edition of
these Illustrations is going to press, I should feel
particularly obliged by a communication of ray
infringements on the prerogative of royalty, to
enable me to correct, in my forthcoming volumes,
errors of which I am as yet unconscious.

John D'Alton.

Dublin, 48. Summer Hill.

Hypatia and St. Catherine (2'"^ S. viii. 148.) —
There are no grounds whatever for the statement
referred to by K. P, D. E. St. Catherine had
flourished and suffered martyrdom more than a
century before the time of the learned lady Hy-
patia. Nor is it just to call her murder a " foul
blot on the name of St. Cyril." The venerable
hagiographer, Alban Butler, assures us that it was
the act of an incensed mob, to the great grief and
scandal of all good men, especially of the pious
bishop." And he adds this judicious note : —

"It is very unjust in some moderns to charge him (St.
Cyril) as conscious of so horrible a crime, which shocks
human nature. Great persons are never to be condemned
without proofs which amount to conviction. The silence
of Orestes, and the historian Socrates, both his declared
enemies, suflSces to acquit him."

F. C. H.

Torture (2°"^ S. viii. 176.) — Mr. Carrington is
strictly correct in saying that " in Scotland torture
was allowed by law until its abolition at the Union
in the reign of Queen Anne," but it is worthy of no-
tice that in the Claim of Rights made in 1689 by the
Scottish Estates of Parliament, it is asserted "that
the using of torture without evidence, or in oi'dinary
crimes, is contrary to law." This is cautiously
expressed, and that it did not imply a protest for

218

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»« S. VIII. Sept. 10. '59.

the total abolition of torture, is supported by the
fact that only ten days previous to the date of the
Claim, the same Estates granted warrant to the
magistrates of Edinburgh to torture John Chislie
of Dairy, the murderer of Lord President Lock-
hart. See Arnot's Criminal Trials, p. 169., 8vo.
edition, 1812. G.

Edinburgh.

John Evelyn (2"* S. vili. 46. 98.) — I think
Messrs. Cooper must be wrong in identifying
John Evelyn, born August 11, 1601, with J. E.
of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, who graduated
B.A. in 1618-19. It is hardly likely that a de-
gree could have been taken at so early an age as
seventeen. Perhaps some correspondent may be
able to supply the date of Sir John Evelyn's
birth, who was M.P. for Blechingly, and died in
1643. C. J. Robinson.

The Rev. John Rob. Scott, D.D. (2"'' S. viii.
190.) — Your correspondent <I> alludes to the
above gentleman, and designating him of Trinity
College, Dublin, attributes to him A Review of
the Principal Characters of the Irish House of
Commons, under the pseiidonyme of " Falkland,"
published in 1789. 1 have succeeded in obtain-
ing the perusal of that work, which contains
descriptions of between seventy and eighty dis-
tinguished orators and statesmen, forming quite a
galaxy of senatorial excellence. Henry Grattan,
Curran, Wm. Brownlow, the Beresfords, &c. &c.
are portrayed in language as elegant and as elo-
quent as those grand and original models could
in the luxuriance of imagination have adopted. I
trust some reader of " N. & Q." will, for the
honour of Ireland, favour us with sonie memoir
of this illustrious author. 2. 2.

Bonaventures Works (2""* S. viii. 128. 178.) —
A complete list will be found in Darling's Cyclo-
padia Bihliographica (Authors), article Bona-

VENTURE. D. (1.)

''Rire jaune" (2"^ S. vii. 172.)— The following
passage may be added to the illustrations of this
phrase given in a previous volume : —

" Rire jaune comme safran, se dit par antiphrase pour
signifier qu'on n'a gufere envie de rire." — Diet. Comiqiie,
in Safran.

The origin of the Greek phrase, aap56vios yeKcms,
which likewise denotes a forced laugh, is equally
obscure. See the curious collection of etymolo-
gical legends invented for the explanation of this
phrase in Zenob. v. 85., with the note In the Got-
tingen edition. L.

Sir Peter Gleane (2"^ S. viii. 187.) — Sir Peter

Gleane was an eminent Norwich merchant. He

' married Maud, daughter of Robt. Suckling, Esq.,

■ of Norwich, and was father of Thomas Gleane,

'' and grandfather of Peter Gleane, M.P. for Nor-

wich, who was created a baronet March 6, 1665-6.
(See Burke's Extinct Baronetage.')

C. J. Robinson.
Captain Cobb (2"" S. viii. 169.) — When I was
in the 31st Regiment quartered at Walmer in
1847, I remember Capt. Cobb of the "Kent" com-
ing over to see us. He is a smart little man, and
was at that time living at Dover.

W. Robertson, Lt.-Col.

CromioelVs Head (2'"^ S. vi. 495., &c.) — Cyrus
Redding, in his Fiftj Years' Recollections, speaks
of having seen this head in the possession of a me-
dical gentleman to whom he was given a letter of
introduction by Horace Smith. After relating
the usual story of its having been placed over the
entrance of Westminster Hall, blown down by the
wind on a stormy niglif, and picked up by the
sentry on duty, who had " a natural respect for
an heroic soldier, no matter of what party," and
probably slightly interested views of his own ; he.
goes on to tell us that the soldier " carried it to
the Russells, who were the nearest relations of
Cromwell's family, and disposed of it to them.
It belonged to a lady, a descendant of the Crom-
wells, who did not like to keep it in her house.
There was a written minute ektant with It. The
disappearance of the liead Is mentioned in some
of the publications of the time. It had been
carefully embalmed, as Cromwell's body Is known
to have been two yeiirS before Its disinterment.
The nostrils were filled with a substance like
cotton. The brain had been extracted by di-
viding the scalp. The membranes within were
perfect, but dried up, and looked like parchment.
The decapitation had evidently taken place after
death, as the state of the flesh over the vertebra
of the neck plainly showed. It was hacked, and
had evidently been done by a hand not used to
the work, for there were several cuts besides that
which separated the bone. The beard, of a ches-
nut colour, seemed to have grown after death.
An ashen pole, pointed with iron, had received
the head clumsily impaled on its point, which
came out an inch above the crown, rusty and
timeworn. The wood of the staff, and the skin
itself, had been perforated by the common wood
worm."

The subject having been so often mentioned in
" N. & C^.," we may hope that Mr. Wilkinson's
attention will be at last directed to the various
articles, and that he will come forward and tell
us what he knows about it. Vebna.

Tricolor Cockade (2'"- S. viii. 192.)— It appears
certain that the French lovolutlonists adopted at
first a green cockade ; but I have read, and the
account seems consistei>.t and most probable, that
this was quickly discarc'ed, from the recollection
that it was the livery of the Count d'Artois. In
adopting a few days after a cockade of blue, red.

2"d S. VIII. Sept. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

219

and white, it seems most likely that they chose
the arms of the infumous Duke of Orleans, but
shorn of the fleurs-de-lys. I may here mention
that I possess one of the original tricolor cockades,
worn by a near relative in Paris in the Champ de
Mars, July 14, 1790. It has an engraving in blue,
on silk, in the centre, representing an angel writ-
ing on an oval these words : " La Federation
Frangaise faite au Champ de Mars, le 14 Juillet,
1790." The oval is surrounded by military en-
signs and trophies, and below is the following :
" Notre union et nos armes nous ont rendu libres."
The cockade has a double circle of tricolor ribbon,
and measures five inches across. F. C..H.

In farther elucidation of this historical subject,
I find a note at pp. 115, 116., torn, ii., in M.
Edouard Fournier's Le Vieux-Neuf, Histoire An-
cienne des Inventions et Decouvertes attribuees aux
Modernes, 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, Dentu, 1859. The
author, whose highly interesting work, written in
the same spirit as that of Louis Dutens' RecTierches
siir VOrigine des Decouvertes atti-ibuees aux Mo-
dernes, published in 1776, which M. Ed. Fournier
himself quotes frequently, says : —

" The tricolor as the national colour is not a new thing.
It seems to have been first adopted in the time of Etienne
Marcel. In one of the chapters of Secousse's Recueil, the
partisans of the provost are mentioned as wearing silver
fermeilles enamelled half red and azure. In most of the
MSS. of that period, the miniatures are surrounded with
a tricolor border. This peculiarity is even sufficient, as
belonging exclusively to that period, to assign an almost
correct date to MSS. in which it occurs : it is known, to
a certainty, that they belong to the reign of Charles V.
(^Bibliotheqiie de I'JScole des Chartes, 1™ Serie, t. ii.
p. 70. ; Paulin Paris, Manuscrit Frangois, t. i. p. 3. ;
t. ii. pp. 9. 291.) Why were these three colours chosen
in those early seditious times? Because they already
figured in the arms of the Hotel de Ville, the focus of the
revolution. • The vessel of Paris was represented on
rouge ground with argent sails, floating on water of the
same metal: a blue band, covered with go\A fleurs-de-Us,
equal in width to the third of the surface of the crest, was
laid across the top of it. In heraldic terms, these arms
were expressed by saying that Paris portait de gueules,
sur vaisseau d'argent, fiottant siir des oiides de meme, le
chef cousii de France.' — Granier de Cassagnac, Le Vais-
seau et les Armes de Paris. (JR^ue de Paris, t, 52. p. 241.)

* In 1789 the same cause led to the same choice. After
having thought a moment of adopting green, which was
rejected on recollecting that it was the colour of the
Count d'Artois, the three colours of the City were finally
adopted.' " (Mercier, Le Nouveau, Paris, t. i. p. 58.)

Gallus.

Brighton.

Buchanan Pedigree (2°'^ S. viii. 148.) — The
following " Note " from Mr. Irving's forthcoming
History of Dumbai-tonshire, may be of use to
your Kilkenny correspondent : —

" The founder of the family seems to have been Gilbert,

* Senescallus comites de Levenax,' who obtained a grant
of the lands of Buchanan, and thereupon assumed that
name. George Buchanan's father was Thomas, the se-
cond son of Thomas Buchanan of Drumikill, and his

mother, Agnes Heriot, of the family of Trabroun in East
Lothian. His Buchanan descent connected him with the
old house of Lennox. George's great-grandfather, Pa-
trick Buchanan of that Ilk, was a grandson of Isabella,
Duchess of Lennox, by her second daughter, Isabella,
who married Sir Walter Buchanan of Buchanan. Ge-
nealogists are not b}' any means at one as to the person
who connects the Drumikill branch with the olden stem ;
but Crawfurd, in indicating in his Baronage the de-
scent of George from Robert second of Drumikill, refers
to other two brothers — Robert and Thomas. Dr. Irving
also mentions that George Buchanan's mother was left
with a family of eight children — five sons and three
daughters ; but the family evidents do not clearly indi-
cate the existence of more than the three mentioned
above — Patrick, Alexander, and George."

One of the historian's sisters was married to a
person named Morrison, whose son Alexander
published an edition of his uncle's paraphrase of
the Psalms. J. I.

Abbreviated Names of English, Counties and
Toivns (2"^ S. vii. 404.) — I cannot understand
that Mr. Nichols has thrown any light upon the
abbreviation Sarum ; but I find a plausible, per-
haps a probable, theory of it in the late Dr. Mil-
lingen's Sketches of Ancient and Modern Boulogne
(Boulogne, 1826). Speaking of Druidical groves,
he says : —

" These sacred Groves appear to have been of venerable
oaks, a tree consecrated to the Supreme Deitj': it was
called Saron, from the name of the Sun, Sar-o7i ; hence
the Druids were by various ancient authors denominated
Saronides; Saron was also a name given to rocky-
places, and we find an assemblage of huge stones, upon
various spots which had been the Theatre of Druidical
Worship : may not the name of our Old and New Sarum,
from their vicinity to Druidical remains, be derived from
Saron ? "

James Knowi.es.

Richard Mulcaster (2"^ S. vi. 50.) — I am en-
abled to furnish R. M. with some farther parti-
culars respecting this eminent schoolmaster. In
the registers of Laurence Pountney parish the
following entries occur : —

« Bapt. 15C|, March 12, Silvan, son of M-^ Mulcaster,
scolemaster.
„ 1572, August 11, Peter do.
„ 1573, Novemb. 20, Kathrine, dau. of do.
Married, 158|, Feby 22, John Mintar and Margery Mul-
caster.
„ 1586, Nov 21, Edward Johnson and Anna Mul-
caster."

In the Probation Books of Merchant Taylors'
School, I find " Richard Mulcaster, born August,
1602," and " Henry Mulcaster, born 1715."

C. J. Robinson.

Winkley Family (2"<^ S. viii. 170.) — If your
correspondent W. will send an outline of the pe-
digree he possesses, and up to the time he can
reach, I may probably be enabled to aid him ip
his inquiries, as I am acquainted with one of the
family. John Nuese Chadwick.

King's Lynn. , V,

220

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2o'i S. VIII. Sept. 10. '69.

SiJtg si diderum (2"* S.viii. 171.) — I agree with
the answer to this Query, so far as concerns the
words being a coi'ruption of si dedei'o ; but it is
very improbable that when employed as a threat
by the common people to their children, it should
have any reference to a term of law. It appears
to me for more likely that they alluded to some-
thing sung at church, and more familiar to their
ears. In the psalm, " Memento Domine David,"
the 131st, and in the Hebrew notation the 132nd,
the words occur in the 4th verse : " Si dedero
somnum oculis meis," etc. How these came to be
applied by angry mothers as a threat, I cannot
exphiin ; but I think this is the most probable
source from whence they were, taken. F. C. H.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Cruise of the Pearl round the World, with an Ac-
count of the Naval Brigade in India. By Rev. E. A.
Williams, Chaplain, R. N. (Bentley.)

The interest which must ever be attached to the im-
portant services, of an unprecedented character, rendered
by the Naval Brigade during the late unhappy mutiny
in our Indian empire, is sufficient to call attention to
this unpretending volume written by the chaplain of the
" Pearl ;" and although the reverend gentleman's story is
narrated in a tone befitting his cloth, yet few will rise
from its perusal without thanking him for his description
of the manner in which the officers and seamen left their
ship, and taking their guns seven or eight hundred miles
into the interior of the country served as soldiers,
marching and countermarching for fifteen months through
extensive districts, took an active share in upwards of.
twenty actions.

The Rose and the Lotus; or, Home in England and
Home in India. By the Wife of a Bengal Civilian. (Bell
& Daldy.)

India, it would .seem, has not yet lost its charm for
English readers; and this little tale, which exhibits in
contrast home in'the two countries, will furnish a plea-
sant hour's reading to those Avho, having relatives in
India, delight in anj'thing that brings before them pic-
tures of the Home in India of those absent dear ones.

A Popular History of British Ferns and the Allied
Plants; comprising the Club Mosses, Pepperworts, and
Horsetails. By Thomas Moore. Third and Revised Edi-
tion. (Routledge.)

Mr. Moore's Popular History of British Ferns has long
been so great a favourite with the admirers of that class
of plants, which have of late years added so much grace
and beauty to many London homes, that we can scarcely
be surprised to find that a third edition of it lias been
called for. It is essentiall)'- the same as the second, but
with a revised text, Avith the addition of descriptions of
some of the more prominent new varieties. Tlie plates
have been redrawn, but not otherwise changed.

Books Received. —

The Handbook of Autographs, being a Ready Gziide to
the Handwriting of Distinguished Men and Women of every
Nation, designed for the Use of Literary Men, Autograph
Collectors and others. Executed by F. G. Netherclift.
Part III. (Netherclift.)

We have already pointed out, at some length, of how

great use this little work is likeh' to be to literary men ;
and must therefore content ourselves by saj'ing that this
Third Part, which contains facsimiles of upwards of a
hundred autographs, seems as carefully executed as its
predecessors.

Devonshire Pedigrees recorded in the Heraldic Visitation
o/'1620 ; with Additions from the Harleian MS S., and the
Printed Collections of Westcote and Pole. By John Tuckett.
Part II. (Ashbee & Dangerfield.)

We hope the appearance of this Second Part of Mr.
Tuckett's ingenious application of lithography to the
publication of Pedigrees is a proof that it is receiving the
patronage which it deserves, at all events from the noble
and gentle men of Devonshire.

Buchan. By the Rev. J. B. Pratt, M.A. Second Edi-
tion. With Illustrations and a Map. (Smith, Aberdeen.)

The rapidity with which Mr. Pratt's first edition has
been exhausted shows that his book was both wanted
and well done: the second edition is also well-timed —
ready for the use of the British Association at Aberdeen.

On the Fundamental Doctrine of Latin Syntax. By
Simon S. Laurie, M.A. (Constable & Co.)

Theory of Compound Interest and Annuities, with Loga-
rithmic Tables. By Fedor Thoman. (Lockwood & Co.)

We are compelled, for obvious reasons, to confine our-
selves to the acknowledgment of the receipt of these two
volumes.

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2nd S. iii. 278.

Walter Mapes's Drinking Song. A corrcsporident informs Yomw
Master Barnabee that Leigh Hunt's translation (ant6, p. 185.) {sprinted
in his Poems, edit. 1844.

G. Lloyd. The Paper is left at the Publisher's, as desired.

W. The trial of Lord de Mos for cheating at cards was on Feb. 10,
1837. See The Annual Register, 1837, p. 13., and the newspapeis of that
date.

J. B. S. The review of the Volunteers on Tower Hill b?/ George III.,
when he was mounted on a lohite charger, was on June 21, 1799. See
Gent. 'a Mag. Ixix. pt. i. p. 521.

W. S. Blowne. The engravings are by John Marietle, whose extensive
collection of prints became the property of his son, Peter John mariette.
See Bryan's Diet, of Painters and Engravers.

"Notes and Qckbibs" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (.including tlie HaU-
vearlu Index) is Us.id.. which may be paid by Post O/hce Order in
favour of Messrs. Bell and Daldy, 186. Fleet street, E.C; to whor!>
all Communications for t!i« Editor should be addressed.

2'xi S. VIII. Sept. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

221

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17. 1859.

No. 194. — CONTENTS,

NOTES : — The Early Editions of Foxe's Book of Martj-rs, by J. G.
Nichols. 221— The Duke of Buckingham, a Ghost Story, 222 — The
Great Exhibition of 1851, by Prof. De Morgan, 223— John Lilly,
Dramatist, by J. Yeowell, 224.

MiNoa Notes : — Diligences — Synonymes — " Masterly Inactivity " —
Suffragan Bishop, 224.

QUERIES : — The Great St. Leger: unde vocatur?—" Syr Tryamoure"
225.

Minor Queries : — Canterbury Registers — Chickens feed Capons —
Curious Prophecy— Roast Lobster — " Anatomy of Melancholy" —
Discountenancing Bills of Exchange —Lieutenant -General Thomas
Pearce — Ballop — Chaumont Church — John Milton : a Latin Poem
against — Glow-worm Light — Cambridge Latin Plays — Legends of
Normandy and Brittany — Publication of Banns — Nonjurors and Ja-
cobites — Rev. Philip Bidpath, &c. — Bradstreet Pedigree —Two Kings
of Brentford— Abigail Hill (Lady Masham) — Cardinal Wolsey, 226.

Mixon Queries WITH Answers : — Heralds' Visitation : Assumption of
Arms — Inscription on a Ring- Leese : ;Lancer3 — " Pull Garhck " —
Mr. John Coleman — " Itacism " — Filleroy, 228.

REPLIES: — Zachary Boyd, 230— Malabar Jews, by J. H. Van Len-
nep, 232— The Pretender, by Rey. W. Matthews, 233 — Chatterton
MSS., 234 — James Moore, 235.

Replies to Minor Queries — Dr. Shelton Mackenzie's Life of Dr.
Maginn— On Buying a Bible — Early Catalogues — Grotesques in
Churches — Kev. Richard Johnson — Inn Signs by eminent Artists —
Lord Fane: Count de Sails— . Bartholomew Cokes — The Termina-
tion " - hayne " — Weapon-salye — Origin of the Judge's Black Cap —
Side-saddles, &c., 235.

Notes on Books, &c.

THE EARLY EDITIONS OF FOXE's BOOK OF
MAKTTRS.

Perhaps no work in the English language has
been more lastingly popular, or has passed through
so many editions, either entire or in an abridged
form, as The Actes and Monuments of the Church,
by John Foxe, commonly called The Book of
Martyrs. But the old copies, by constant use
and in part perhaps from sectarian spite, have so
far disappeared, that it is most remarkable how
few seem to remain ; and, what is more extra-
ordinary, no bibliographer has given a correct
account of them. The first edition was produced
in 1563, but even Strype, in his Memorials of
Cranmer, says that the work was first published
in English in 1566. And again, in the history
which he gives of the work (Annals, vol. iii. chap,
xiv.) he assigns the first edition to 1562, and the
second to " about 1582," — none of which dates, I
need scarcely say, are corrected in the Oxford
edition of Strype's Works, 1812. Mr. Macray, in
his Manual of British Historians, 1845, remarks
that, " Up to this date (1684), Lowndes and
Watt each give only nine editions, but together
they give eleven ; the compiler \i. e. Mr, Macray
himself] has omitted one mentioned by Watt, that
of 1612, and has inserted one of 1610, which is
possibly the one Watt means, and is in Donee's
collection in the Bodleian." Mr. Macray thus
reckons eleven editions; but the edition of 1684
was called the ninth, and I believe correctly so.
The discrepancies of the bibliographers will be
best shown in the following table : —

Watt. Lowndes. Macray.

First - 1563 1562-3 1563.

Second - 1570 1570 1570.

Third - 1576 1576 1576.

Fourth - 1583 1583 1583.

Fifth - 1596-7 1596-7.

Sixth - 1610,

1612 1618 1618.

Seventh - 1632 1632 1632.

Eighth - 1641 1641 1641.

1650 1650.

Ninth - 1684 1684 1684.

It will be seen that the dates 1612, 1618, and
1650 were mistaken. The two former were
clerical errors for 1610. The year 1650 may
appear on some copies ; but if so, it was not a
new edition, but a new title applied to that of
1641.

Now, my present object of inquiry is. Where
do any copies of the old editions exist ? I have
been successful in finding very few. Even the
archiepiscopal library at Lambeth possesses of the
first five editions only the second volume of 1596.
The library at Sion College has no other edition
but that of 1684. At the Athenaeum and at the
London Institution there is that edition only.
The Bodleian possessed only the fourth, eighth,
and ninth editions until the accession of Mr.
Douce's collection, which brought two copies of
the first edition of 1563, one of 1610, and a
second of 1641. Even the national library at the
British Museum wants two of the editions, those
of 1570 and 1583. It possesses duplicates of
1576 and 1641, which were the only copies in the
library of George the Third, whilst that of Mr.
Grenville brought none whatever.

Of the first edition, 1563, there are, then, one
copy in the British Museum, and twa in the
Bodleian, one in th^ library of Magdalene Col-
lege, Oxford, presented by Eoxe himself, and
two, both imperfect, in the University Library at
Cambridge.

Of the Second Edition, 1570, there is a copy
in the University Library at Cambridge, with the
cuts coloured.

Of the Third Edition, 1576, two in the British
Museum, and one at Queen's College, Cambridge.

Of the Fourth Edition, 1583, one in the Bodleian.

Of the Fifth Edition, 1596, one in the British
Museum.

Of the Sixth Edition, 1610, one in the British
Museum, one in the University Library at Cam-
bridge, and one in the Bodleian.

Of the Seventh Edition, 1632, one in the British
Museum, and one in the University Library at
Cambridge (dated 1631).

Of the Eighth Edition, 1641, two in the British
Museum, two in the Bodleian, one at Cambridge
University Library, and one in the library of St.
Paul's Cathedral.

222

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S, Till. Sept. 17. '59.

Of the Ninth Edition, 1684, it is unnecessary to
mention the copies, as they are not uncommon.

Many of the readers of " N. & Q." will re-
member to have seen the assertion, which has been
often repeated, that in the reign of Elizabeth the
Book of Martyrs was ordered to be set up in all
parish churches. If that were the fact, the al-
most entire disappearance of the book would be
marvellous. The statement rests upon the au-
thority of Strype {Annals of the Reformation, iii.
503.) ; but I do not find that it is well-founded.
It appears that by the Convocation of the Pro-
vince of Canterbury, held in 1571, it was in-
joined that every archbishop and bishop should
have the Monuments of the Martyrs in his house ;
that every dean should place the book in his
cathedral church ; that every dean or residentiary
dignitary should have it in his house ; and the
same with every archdeacon. I find nothing as
to parish churches. Still, there must have been
some thousands of copies printed in the sixteenth
century, — the edition of 1596 is recorded to have
consisted of 1200, — and what has become of them
all ? The fate of those exposed to public reading
is obvious: by constant handling, by damp and
decay, they became imperfect, and their remains
have been either destroyed for waste paper, or
cut up for the sake of the woodcuts. I have
seen several such imperfect copies, and two or
three have come into my own hands. But where
are the copies that usually rested on the library
shelves ? I shall be glad to hear of any of them.

It is not unknown that Foxe at first wrote the
work in Latin ; but it is remarkable that the
bibliographers are confused upon this publication
also. Watt mentions four editions : — 1554,
8vo.; 1554, folio; 1559, folio; 1563, folio; and
Lowndes speaks also of an edition, 1556, 8vo.
There were in fact but two jgditions ; one printed
at Strasburgh in 1554, and the other at Basle in
1559. The book was called Commentarii Reriim
in Ecclesia Gestarum. Argentorati, 1554, Svo.
This title appears to have been reprinted with
the date 1556: and the same book was cer-
tainly reissued in 1564 with the fresh title of
dhronicon Ecclesia, &c., as given in full in " N.
& Q," 2'"* S. vii. 83,, from a copy in the possession
of the Rev. Dr. Maitland. This was done to sell
off the remaining copies of the small Strasburgh
book, after the author had inlarged the book into
ii folio volume, which was printed at Basle in
1559. The date 1563 belongs to the Second Part
of the Commentarii, which was compiled, not by
Foxe, but by Henrico Pantaleone, a physician of
Basle. This related to the continental reformers,
and was not translated for the English work. I
should be glad to be told of any copies of Foxe's
Commentarii dated 1556. Otherwise, the history
of this work is tolerably clear. With regard to
The Actes and Momiments, the progress of which

I am nov/ endeavouring to trace, any suggestions
will obli";e me. John Gough Nichols.

THE DUKE OF BUCKIKGHAM, A GHOST STOKT.

Gervase Holies would appear to have been fond
of the supernatural, and to have delighted in a
good ghost story. Scattered among his various
genealogical and topographical collections, we find
noted down several as related to him by persons
of credit, and among others the following, as com-
municated to hira by letter, the introduction to
which let him tell in his own words : —

" Since William Lilly the Eebell's Jagler and JMounta-
banke hath in his malitious and blasphemous discourse
concerning our late martired soueraigne of ever blessed
memory imprinted (amongst other his lies and false-
hoodes) a relation concerning an apparition vv<^i> foretolde
severall events w"^'> should happen to }••= late Duke of
Buckingham, wherein he falsefies both the person to whom
it appeared and y" circumstances, I thought it not
amisse to enter here (that it may be preserved) the true
account of that apparition, as I have receaved it from the
hand and under the hand of M"^ Edmund VVyndham of
Kellesford in y" county of Somerset.

" I shall set it downe (Jpsissimis veibis) as he delivered
it to me at my request, written with his owne hand.

" ' S'', according to y"* desire and my promise, 1 have
written downe Avhat I remember (divers things being
slipt oat of mj- memor}') of yo relation made me b}- M''
Nicholas Towse concerning y« apparition w^'' visited
him. About the yeare 1G27 I and m_v wife (upon an oc-
casion being in London) lay at my brother Pyne's house
w"'out Bishopsgate, ^\•'^^ was y® next house unto M'' Ni-
cholas Towse's, who was his kinsman and familiar ac-
quaintance, in consideration of whose society and freind-
ship he tooke a house in y* place. The sayd Towse being
a verj' fine Musitian, and very good companj', and for
ought I ever saw or heard a virtuous, religious, and well
disposed gentleman.

" ' About y' time y^ said M' Towse tolde me y* one
night being in bed and perfectly waking, and a candle
burning by him (as he usually had), there came into his
chamber, and stood by his bedside, an olde gentleman in
such an habit as was in fashion in Q. Elizabeth's time, at
whose iirst appearance M'' Towse was verj- much troubled ;
but after a little time, recollecting himselfe, be demanded
of him, in y^ name of God, what he was ? whether he were
a man ? and y" apparition replied No ! Then he asked
him if he were a devill, and y^ answer was No ! Then
M"" Towse said, In y« name of God, what art thou then ?
and, as I remember, M"^ Towse told me y* y" apparition
answered him y' he was y" ghost of S' George Villers,
father to y" then Duke of Buckingham, whome he might
very well remember, since he went to schoole at such a
place in Leicestershire (naming y place w<='' I have for-
gotten). And M'' Towse told me y' y" apparition had
perfectly the resemblance of 5"= s<i S'' George Villers in
all respectes, and in y same habit y' he had often scene
him weai-e in his lifetime. The sayd apparition then
told Mr Towse y' he could not but remember ye much
kindness that he,'ye said S'' George Villers, had expressed
to him whilst he was a schoUer in Leicestershire as
aforesaid, and y* out of y* consideration he beleived y' he
loved him, and that therefore he had made choyse of
him, y<= said M'' Towse, to deliver a message to his sonne
y« Duke of Buckingham, thereby to praevent such Mis-

2°<J S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

223

cbeife as would otherways befall y" said Dake, whereby
he would be inaevitably ruined. And then (as I remem-
ber) M"" Towse tolde me y* y" apparition instructed him
•what message he should deliver to y« Duke, unto w«'' M""
Towse replied that he should be very unwilling to go to
the Duke of Buckingham upon such an arrant wherby he
should gaine nothing but reproach and contempt, and to
be assteemed a mad man, and therfore desired to be ex-
cused from y® employment. But y« apparition pressed
bim w"» much earnestnes to undertake it, telling him y'
yo circumstances and secret discoveries w''' he should bo
able to make to y^ Duke (of such passages in y» course of
his life w<=i> were knowne to none but himselfe) would
make it appeare y' his message was not the fancy of a
distempered brain, but a realit}'. And so y« appai-ition
tooke his leave of him for y' night, telling him y' he
■would give him leave to consider untill y" next night,
and then he would come to receave his answer, whether
he would undertake to deliver his message to y® Duke of
Buckingham or no.

" ' Mr Towse past that day w"i much trouble and per-
plexity, debating and reasoning w"» himselfe whether he
should deliver this message to the Duke, or not, but in
conclusion he resolved to do it, and y« next night, when
yo apparition came, he gave his answer accordingly, and
then receaved his full instruction.

" ' After which M"" Towse went and found out S"" Thomas
Bludder and S"' Ralph Freeman, by whom lieM'as brought
to yo Duke of Buckingham, and had severall private and
long audiences of him. I myselfe, by y® favour of a
freind *, was once admitted to see him in private con-
ference w"' the Duke, where (altho' I heard not their dis-
course) I observed much earnestnes in their actions and
gestures. After ■\v'='» conference M'' Towse told me y' the
Duke Avould not follow y« advice y* was given him, w'=''
was, as I remember, that he intimated y« casting of and
ye rejecting of some men who had great interest in him,
and as I take it he named Bishop Laud and y' he, y"=
Duke, was to do some popular actes in y" ensuing Par-
liam', of which Parliam' y« Duke would have had M''
Towse to have been a Burgesse; but he refused it, alledg-
ing that, unles y« Duke followed his directions, he must
do him hurt if he were of y« Parliam'. M'' Towse then
tolde y' y« Duke of Buckingham confessed y' he had tolde
him those thinges w«ii no creature knew but himselfe, and
y' none but God or y" Devill could reveale to him. The
Duke offered M'' Towse to have y^ king knight him and
to have given him prseferment (as he tolde me), but y'
he refused it, saying y', unles he would follow his advice,
he would receive nothing from him.

" ' M"" Towse, when he made me this relation, he tolde
me y* y« Duke would inaevitably be destroyed before such
a time (w<=h he then named), and, accordinglj-, y" Duke's
death happened before y' time. He likewise tolde me y'
he had written dowue all y" severall discourses y* he had
had w*'» y apparition, and y' at last his comming to him
was so familiar y' he was as little troubled w"» it as if it
had beene a freind or acquaintance y' had come to visit
him.

" ' M'' Towse tolde me further y' y^ Archbishop of
Canterbury (then Bp of London), D^ Laud, should, by his
councells, be y^ author of very great troubles to y° king-
dome, by vi'^^ it should be reduced to y« extremity of dis-
order and confusion, y« it should seeme to be past "all hope
of recovery w">out a miracle ; but yet when all people
were in despayre of seeing happy days againe, y^ king-
dome should suddenly be reduced and resetled againe in a
most happy condition.

" ' At this time my father Pyne was in trouble, and
committed to y" Gatehouse by y^ Lordes of y^ Councell,

♦ S"- Ed. Savage.

about a quarrell between him and y" Lord Powlet, upon
■w'='' one night I said unto my cosen Towse, by way of
jest, I pray aske y apparition what shall become of "my
father Pyne's business, yi'^^ he promised to do, and y«next
day tolde me y' my father Pyne's enemies were ashamed
of >•«'"■ malitious prosecution, and y» he would be at liberty
w''"in a week or some few dayes, w"''' happened accor-
dingl}'.

" ' M«' Towse his wife (since his death) tolde me that
her husband and she, living in Windsore Castle, where he
had an office, y* somer y* y" Duke of Buck, was kilde,
tolde hir (that very day y' y« Duke was set upon by y*
mutinous Mariners at Portesmouth), saying then y' y»
next attempt against him would be bis death, w"='> accor-
dingly happened. And at y" instant y' y» Duke was
kild (as shee understood by y® relation afterward), M»"
Towse was sitting in his chayre, out of w'^ he suddainly
started up and sayd, Wife, y" Duke of Buckingham is
slayne.

" ' M' Towse lived not long after y* himselfe, but tolde
his wife y* time of his death before it happened. I never
saw him after I had scene some effectes of his discourse,
-w^^ before I valued not, and therefore was not curious to
enquire after more than he voluntarily told me, w<='» I
then entertained not w'l^ those serious thoughts w'"* I
have since reflected on his discourse. This is as much as
I can remember of this business, w<=i», according to youF
desire, is written by

" « Sir, y, &c.,

" * Edmond Wyndham.
" ' Boulogne, 5 Aug. 1G52.' "

Wanted to know where to find an account of
the affair between Pjrne and the Lord Powlet?

Ithubiki..

THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851.

Among the most successful efforts of this cen-
tury has been the Great Exhibition of 1851. It
pleased everybody, paid its way, and retired with
a large fortune, and made reputation for all con-
cerned in its management. On casually looking
through a volume of the Mechanics' Magazine, I
found the following criticism on the Executive
Committee, to whom so much of the success of
the undertaking is due (Part 326., vol. lii., March
2 — 30, 1850, p. 168). It is but common justice
that it should be reprinted, and preserved in a
journal to the index of which historical inquirers
are likely to turn.

" But, secondly, the Crown has dealt with the sham
nomination by the Society of Arts of certain persons to be
an ' Executive Committee in the premises;' as if it were
an actual matter of fact, and invested these persons with
all the functions and powers of a real executive. It is-
much as if her Majesty had, on the recommendation of
Sarah Gamp, included Mrs. Harris in the Commission of
the Peace. Who are these parties? Are they such as
one might expect to see picked out, to be placed at the
head of a grand public undertaking such as this professes
to be? Men among the most eminent of their day in art,
or science, or letters? Men not only well-known and
highly esteemed in their own country, but of European,
at least, if not of world-wide I'eputation ? Individuals
whose names require but to be mentioned to inspire con-
fidence, ' not only in all classes of our subjects, but of the
subjects of foreign countries ?' Jtisum tentatis, amicif

224

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.

Their names are, Henry Cole, Chaules Wentworth
DiLKE, JuN., George Drew, and Fra>'cis Fuller, with
one Mathew Digby VVyatt for Secretary ; five as obscure
individuals as could well be got together in one group — not
such even as j-ou might impress from the streets, but such
as could only be found out by poking into sundrj' holes
and corners after them, — people distinguished for nothing
whatever in the world, — people whom nobody knows, —
never heard of, either in their own country or out of it.
Persons, too, who if not the very same who falsely passed
themselves off as the representatives of the Society of
Arts, have been put forward to reap the benefits of the
fraud practised on the Crown, — the nominees of impos-
tors, if not impostors themselves! How is it possible
that such an ' Executive ' can inspire either respect or
confidence ? Or how is it to be expected that any great
party in the state would choose to identify themselves
with a pack of such characterless nobodies ?

" We have purposely left out the name of ISIr. Eobert
Stephenson from the Executive batch, because it was
notoriously added at the last moment, for the sake of
garnish merely, and after an express intimation from
that gentleman that he could lend them his name only." *

It is due to^the journal quoted to say that its
management is not now in the same hands as it
was at the time when the above was written.

A. De Morgan.

JOHN LILLY, DRAMATIST.

This Elizabethan dramatist wrote nine plays,
reprinted by Blount in 1632, who in his dedica-
tion to Lord Lumley gives us a specimen of the
wit he admired in Lilly — " the Spring is at hand,
and therefore I present you a Lilly." Lilly was
a candidate for the post of Master of the Revels,
in which he was unsuccessful ; and after many
years of fruitless court attendance, was obliged to
petition the Queen for support in his old age. I
have stumbled on a letter from the late Dr. Philip
Bliss to Joseph Haslewood relating to this dra-
matist, which may be considered worthy of a niche
in your literary athenseum : —

" Dear Haslewood. — Oldys, MS. Notes on
Langbaine, Cens. Lit., i. 161., says that there are
many copies of Lilly's Letters to the Queen (Eliza-
beth) extant in manuscript. These Letters show
that he expected the post of Master of the Revels,
Now where are these many copies ? Do you,
who are so skilled in dramatic biography, know
where to find one ? If so, tell me ; but don't
transcribe it, for I have it now under my roof, in
a contemporary manuscript,

" Yours, almost worn out with proof-
reading and poverty,

" Anthony a Wood, Jun."

It is gratifying to learn from your last volume
(p. 514.) that an improved and enlarged edition,
by a competent editor, of the Athena Oxonienses
by Anthony a Wood, Sen. and Jun. is in prepara-

* " Mr. Stephenson has since resigned, and has been re-
placed by Lieut.-Col. VV. Reid, R. E."

tion. What the two Woods have accomplished
for Oxford, the two Coopers are now honourably
performing for Cambridge. May their united la-
bours be sustained and encouraged by the whole
literary brotherhood ! J. Yeowell.

Diligences. —

Minav ^nXsi,

" ' So down thy hill, romantic Ashborne, glides,
The Derbj' dilly, carrying three insides.'

"When the late Mr. O'Connell applied these celebrated
lines to the present Earl of Derby, he made the Dilly
carry six insides, which had the double advantage of de-
scribing the vehicle more accurately and of giving addi-
tional point to the joke."

{Edinb. Revieio, No. 219. p. 118. July, 1858.)

Public vehicles which carried six insides were
generally called stage coaches, stages, or coaches,
or had some specific name as the Rapid, Telegraph,
Defiance, &c. &c. But there was also a vehicle
whose generic name was Diligence, and which car-
ried three insides only.

Ashbourne Hill is clearly visible from the
windows of Ashbourne Hall, where Canning was
a frequent visitor, and in his days was an object
of peculiar interest ; for, upon the arrival of the
mail at the top of the Hill, the guard, if he had
good news to tell, and our navy supplied him with
numerous occasions, discharged his blunderbuss to
summon all the quidnuncs of the place.

The diligence of those days carried three in-
sides ; two sat with their faces towards the horses,
the third sat opposite upon a seat partly inserted
into a recess in the carriage, but projecting a
i little. Whether such a vehicle ran or rather
crawled between Derby and Ashbourne, I do not
recollect, but I do recollect riding in such a one,
somewhere between Warrington and Liverpool,
once on my way to school : its external appear-
ance I do not remember, but the internal discom-
forts have fixed its form in my memory, though
seventy years have elapsed since that memorable
journey.

I should not have noticed the Edinburgh critic's
mistake, but that it seems to indicate that the
very existence of such a vehicle as a diligence had
passed out of mind. Edw. Hawkins.

Synonymes. — The original edition of Bishop
(then Archdeacon) Nicolson's English Historical
Library, London, 1696, 8vo., has a preface which
was not reprinted. The last paragraph of this
preface Is worth preserving, not only for the con-
sideration of some living authors, but as marking
a time at which the demand for elegant synonymes
was strong : —

" I have but one thing more to Apologize for ; and
that's the frequent Repetitions, the Reader will be apt
to observe, of the same Word, and (perhaps) Expression
and Phrase. I have repeated Occasions to take Notice

2n<i S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

225

of this and the other IMan's Undertaking and Performing,
Penning and Publishing his several Historical Labours:
And possibly a nice Critick in the Finery and Cadence of
the English Tongue would expect that I should have
Collected a good Number of Synonymous Sentences for
this Purpose. I can only saj-, I never intended my
Papers for the View of such Delicate and Curious Judges
of Language and Oratory. If I had but a Word in readi-
ness that would serve my Turn, I never vex'd my Brains
in Pumping for another that could only do as well : And,
being to cloath so many People of the very same Size
. and Shapes, it were too severe (I think) to force me to
provide each of 'em with a different Habit and Fashion."

This archdeacon deserved to be a bishop.

A. De Morgan.

" Masterly Inactivity" — This expression w.as
used by the Lite John C. Calhoun, in a debate in
the senate of the United States upon the acquisi-
tion of Cuba, in which he alleged that when the
proper time came Cuba would gravitate towards
the United States, and that in the mean while the

olicy of the United States was a masterly inactivity.

have lately heard that the phrase was used in the
British House of Commons during the first French
revolution. The idea seems to be found in a sen-
tence in one of the Hebrew prophets : " His
strength is to sit still." Uneda.

Suffragan Bishop. — As an addition to the list of
Suffragan Bishops in Appendix V. of Stubbs's
Re^istrum Sacrum Anglicanum^ will you note the
following from Tanner's MS. Index to the Nor-
wich Episcopal Register, s. v. Mettingham : " xi.
Nov. 1539, Thomas Manning, Suff. Eps. Gype-
wici."* B.B.Woodward.

I

THE GREAT ST. LEGER I UNDE VOCATUR ?

The name of this famous race at Doncaster is
"familiar in our mouths," and especially so at
this time of year, yet I have never been able to
ascertain with accuracy its origin.

Certain it is that it was derived from the cele-
brated Colonel St. Leger (concerning whom in-
formation was requested by a querist in your 1**
S. ix. 76., who elicited replies in the following
volume, pp. 94. 175. 376.), but whether he founded
the Sweepstakes, or it was only called after him
in compliment to such a celebrity on the turf, I
cannot discover. Will your correspondents aid
me ? I should be much obliged for a reference
to any memoir or notices of him.

I have been told that a biographical sketch of
him appeared in one of the Magazines about the
time of his death (1800) ; but I have searched in
vain for it, finding only some incidental notices of
him. Whom did he marry ?

[* Wharton's List of the Suffragans states, "Thomas
Mannyng, Epus Ipswicensis, consecratus 1536," not
1539.— Ed.]

In the Corrigenda appended to Burke's Landed
Gentry (1st edit.), p. 379., I find the following : —

" [Major-] General John St. Leger, commonly called
' Handsome Jack St. Leger,' was appointed Lieut.-Col.
in the 1st regt. of Guards, 5 Sept. 1787 ; he was the in-
timate friend of his late Majesty King George IV. [when
Prince of Wales], and His Royal Highness the Duke of
York. And was subsequently Commander of the Forces
in India [Ceylon?], where he died on service.

" The portrait of this celebrated roue is in the Queen's
Guard Chamber, Hampton Court ; in the Corridor, Wind-
sor Castle ; and at the residence of Anthony B. St. Leger,
Esq., Berkeley Square, London."

The first of these pictures, which is a full-length
by Gainsborough, and one of his best perform-
ances (see Fulcher's Life of Gainsborough), was
engraved by G. Dupont in 1783, and has been
lately lithographed from a copy taken by Mr.
Wales from the original at Hampton Court.

As I am told, the Prince and the Colonel both
had their pictures painted, in the same uniform
and attitude, by Gainsborough, and exchanged
them with each other, — that of the Colonel being
now at Hampton Court — where, by the way, it is
placed in a most unfavourable light ; that of the
Prince being in the possession of A. B. St. Leger,
Esq., of Berkeley Square, who courteously per-
mitted me to see it. Had this picture been placed
among the Gainsboroughs at the late exhibition
at the British Institution it would doubtless have
added to the painter's reputation.

LUCUS A NON LUCENDO.

" SYR TRYAMOURE.

Explanations of the following passages desired
(Percy Society's edition) : —

1. " Ymay evyr after thys

That thou woldyst tyse me to do amys,
No game schulde the glewel " — P. 4. 1. 106.

2. " The fyrste that rode noghtfor thy

Was the kyng of Lumbardy." — P. 25. 1. 736.

3. «* And yf hyt so betyde.

That the knyght of owre syde
May sle yowrj's be wyth chawnce."

P. 35. 1. 1014.
. 4. " For he had a champyone,

In ev^ery o/'londe of moste renowne."

P. 35. 1. 1022.
Is any other instance known of the use of of
after every f

5. " And sche answeryd them there on hye."

P. 22, 1. G42.
Does on hye = in haste f

6. " Syr Asseryn, the kynges sone of Naveine,

Wolde nevyr man hys body warne."

P. 27. 1. 785.

7. " Then swere the fosters alle twelve.

They wolde no weed but hymselfe,

Othur we be hyt noght." — P. 36. 1. 1065.

8. " Tryamowre gaf hym with hert free,

The palmer for hym can arete."

P. 44. 1. 1308.

228

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"'i S. VIII. Sept. 17. '5F

9. " ' A lytulle lower, syr,' seyde hee,
' And let us smalle go wyth thee,
Now are we bothe at con assyse ! ' "

P. 53. 1. 1556.

10. " And the knyght be there assente,

Schulde wayne wj'th the wynde." — P. 9. 1. 246.

Does wayne = swing ?

11. " To mete as (hey were sett in halle,

Syr Marrok was there ferre withynney-wys."
P. 19. 1. 531.

Is withynney-ii'ys for witidn y wis ? E. S. J.

Canterlniry Registers. — In Gorbam'ti Hist, of
Maidenhead CJiopel, p, 7., there occurs the follow-
ing note : —

" The (Canterbury) Registers previous to that j-ear
(1279), were purloined by Archbishop Kilwardby, and
were carried by him to Rome, on his being made a car-
dinal. In Peckham's Regist. (f. 152. b.), there is a
curious record, dated 1283, of an appeal made hy the
Archbishop to the Court of Rome for the return of the
Registers, judicial processes, plate, &c., belonging to the
church of Canterbury, and unjustly detained by his
Holiness ! "

Has an application for these muniments been
repeated in modern times, and might it be alto-
gether hopeless ? A.

Chickens feed Capons; or a dissertation on the

Pertness of our Youth in general Written

by a friend of the person injured. Third edition.
London. 1731. 8vo. (Pp. 24.) Is anything
known of the parties, or of the circumstances ? M,

Curious Prophecy. — In the year 1667, on the
8th of August, in the sepulchre of Bishop Chris-
tianas Ageda, who died on the 2nd of September,
1204, according to a statement made in the Gen-
tleman^ s Magazine of March, 1814, p. 214., was
found the following curious prophecy. The mi-
tred prophet was born at Paris on the 10th of
May, 1172: —

"When these my prophecies shall be found, the sun
shall shine upon my native Kingdom of France, which *t
that lime shall be vinited to the Lion, viz. the King of
England, and shall pluck many feathers out of the
Eagle's wings, which shall then hold her glory, but will
be of no^uration, for in the century following it will
prove to her \itter destruction ; for there Avill be great
shedding of blood by the people of the kingdom ; there
shall be wars and fury which will last long ; provinces
divested of their people, and kingdoms in combustion ;
many strongholds and noble houses shall be ruinated,
and "their cities and towns shall be forsaken of their in-
habitants, and divers places their ground shall be un-
tilled, and there shall be great slaughter of their nobility ;
their sun shall be darkened, and never shine forth more,
for France shall be desolate, and her head person de-
stroyed; and there shall be much deceit and fraud
among her inhabitants, for they shall judge and kill one
another, whereupon shall ensue the aforesaid great confu-
sion among the kingdoms. And near this time there

shall be great mutations and changes of kings arid rulers >
for the right hand of the world shall fear the left, and the
north shall prevail over the south. A great part of Italy
shall be desolate, but Venice shall be preserved. Rome
shall be burned and the Popedom destroyed, and Britain
shall rule that empire. In these times, a mercurial hero,
a son of the Lion, shall inherit the crown of the Fkur-de
Lis by means of the Kingdom of England. He shall be
a lover of peace and justice, and not swerve from the
same, and by his means the nation's religion and laws
shall have an admirable change. When these things
come to pass there shall be a firm alliance between the
Lion and the Eagle, and they shall have lived in peace
between themselves long times. In these times mortals,
wearied with war, shall desire peace. And all tliese my
prophecies shall be fulfilled before the end of the U'th
century from the time of our Blessed Saviour."

I would feel obliged for any hints towards a so-
lution of this prophecy.

T. C. Andehson,
II. M.'s 12th Regt., Bengal Army.

Roast Lohster, — Mandeville, in his Fable of the
Bees, mentions " the cries of lobsters tied to a
spit." Is there any extant receipt for roasting a
lobster ? Dubius.

" Anatomy of Melancholy " (Tegg, London,
1857.) — Democritus Junior aZzas Burton, apolo-
gising for the title of his able and learned book,
quotes the Anatomy of Wit, by Anthony Zara,
Pap. Episc. ; and Democritus Minor (alias un-
known to the writer), editor of this edition, quotes
Anatomy of Popery ; Anatomy of Immortulity ; and
Anatomy of Antimony (note, p. 4.) ; but omits
authors' names or authority : so in this, as in
many other cases, I turn to " IST. & Q." as my vade
mecum.

Query. Should not Anatomy of Antimony be
Analysis of Antimony ? It is more like the nature
of the thing. Geokge Llotd»

Discountenancing Bills of Exchange. — In
Strype's Stow, i. Part 3. p. 33., he gives an ac-
count of Grocers' Hall, and the attacks made on
the Bank of England when first established there,
and quotes a passage from the vindication of that
establishment, of which the following is a part : —

"So far from obstructing Trade, that they had very
much incouraged, and enlarged it, by discountenancing
foreign and inland Bills of Exchange."

Can any readers of " N. & Q." inform me whe-
ther this word was ever generally used, or is it an
error of the transcriber or the press ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Lieutenant- General Thomas Pearce. — Sir Ed-
ward Lovett Pearce, as I stated in 2"'' S. viii. 28.,
was buried in the old graveyard of Donnybrook
in the year 1733. There also was subsequently
interred his brother, Lieutenant-General Thomas
Pearce, who had displayed great courage and abi-
lities in Spain and Portugal, and who, besides
being a Privy Councillor, was at one and the

2na S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

227

same time governor, mayor, and representative
in pailiameut of the city of Limerick. Ferrar
thus speaks of him in his History of Limerick^
p. 83.: —

" Lieutenant-General Thomas Pearce was Governor of
Limerick in the year 172G. He had various disputes with
the Conimoa Council and citizens ; after a very contested
election, he obtained the office of Maj-or, and was at once
Governor, Representative in Parliament, and Mayor of
tiie city. His opponents protested against the legality
of the election, and refused to deliver him the regalia,
nor did he get them until the year following, when they
were necessar}* to proclaim the accession of George II."

I am anxious to learn, for a particular purpose,
whether there is any similar, or nearly similar,
case upon record. Abhba.

Ballop. — In a skit on the Rump, printed in A
Collection of Loyal Songs, Sfc., 1731 (vol. ii. p. 57.),
are these lines : —

" And gouty Master Wallop
Now thinks he hath tlie ballop,
But though he trotted to the Kump,
He'll run away a gallop."
What is ballop ? W. C.

Chaumont Church. — Can any of your readers
refer me to an account of the ancient church of
Chaumont, Department of Upper Marne, France?
Chaumont lies half-way between Basle and Paris,
and would well repay the trouble of a visit to any
student in ecclesiastical architecture. I have seen
i&vf such interesting specimens of the pure Deco-
rated style. K.

John Milton: a Latin Poem against. — Is any-
thing known of the following Latin poem, which
I have seen in MS. ? —

" Iambus in irapurissimum Nebulonem Johannem Mil-
tonem Parricidarura et Parricidii Advocatum a Pttro
Molinao."

It consists of about 24 lines. Has it ever ap-
peared in print ? Ituuriel.

Glow-worm Light. — Has any person produced
a photographic image of the Cicindela by means
of its own light ? I am anxious to learn whether
the Pyrosoma Atlantica, and other phosphorescent
creatures, yield with their light the Actinic ray ?

Septimus Piesse.
Cambridge Latin Plays. — Can you give me any
information regarding the authorship of the fol-
lowing Cambridge Latin plays ? also the date of
their performance? 1. Stoicus Vapulans, 8vo.,
1648. 2. Cancer, 8vo., 1648. 3. Simo, 4to., 1652.
(I am not certain whether these last two are by

'7, Cambridge authors.) 4. Clytophon. 5. Eiiribates.

^\ 6. Parthenia. 7. Zelotypus. (MSS. in the li-
brary of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.) The
MS. copy of this play in Emmanuel College library
contains the names of the performers. The fol-
lowing are a few of the names : — Mr. Rawlinson, j
Henchman, Mr. Grace, Mr. Clifton, Gibson et I

Stow, Walton, Ds. Smith, Ds. Miller, Ds. Powell,
Ds. Maude, Habersley, Mr. Taylour, Jun., Samp-
son, &c., &c. A. Z.

Legends of Normandy and Brittany. — A tourist

I would be glad of any information respecting books

I in which legends of these two provinces of France

may be found. Neither Nodier's work nor Ray-

I mond Bordeaux's contain any. T. W. S.

I Publication of Banns. — Can any correspondent
I mention a church in which the banns of marriage
are still published after the Nicene Creed, as is
the case at Whitwick in Leicestershire ?

P. J. F. Gamillon.

Nonjurors and Jacobites. — Among a number of
books sold by John Marshall, advertised in Bun-
yan's Heavenly Footman, 1700, is, —

"A friendly Conference between the suffering Saints for
Conscience Sake and the Jacobites met together at the

Tavern, particularly R. L. A. S., My Lord Bishop of

Salisbury promised to be so by King James when he re-
turns, and other precious ones there assembled at least to
consult about and Read Praj^ers for the dethroning the
best of Kings and Restoration of the worst."

Can anyone refer me to a copy of this book, or
inform me who was R. L. A. S., or whether the
prayers read were printed ? These inquiries are
peculiarly interesting to anyone employed in writ-
ing a history of the Nonjurors. George OfroK.

Rev. Philip Ridpath, Sfc. — Can any of your
correspondents inform me of the descent, parent-
age, or lineage of the Rev. Philip Ridpath, mi-
nister of Hutton in Berwickshire, author of a
translation J)e Consolat. Philosoph., by An. Man.
Severin. Boethius, Lond. 1785 'f* Did he belong
to the ancient family of Ridpath, of Ridpath in
Lammermoor ? Any particulars relating to him,
or his brother the Rev. George Ridpath, minister
of Stitchill in Roxburghshire, author of the Border
Hislo7-y, will be acceptable to me, as well as to
others of your readers. I believe Philip left no
family, but whether his brother George had issue
I have yet to learn. It has been told me that the
widow of the minister of Hutton died at Eye-
mouth of spontaneous combustion. Menyanthes.
Chirnside.

Bradstreet Pedigree. — Will any Transatlantic
correspondent obligingly transcribe and forward
me (direct by post) the pedigree of the Bradstreet
family, as given in the New England Historical
and Genealogical Register, vol. viii. p. 312., a
favour which I should gladly return in any similar
way (in my power) which he might suggest.

Probably the work named is in the British Mu-
seum Library.

I want to find who were the father and mother

* He was ordained minister on May 3, 1759, and died
on May 18, 1788, in the thirtieth year' of his ministry.

228

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.

(especially) of Major-General John Bradstreet,
Lieutenant-Governor of St. John's, Newfound-
land (1746). He is mentioned in " N. & Q.," 2^'^
S. iii. 396. Any aid in this research will greatly
oblige John Ribton Gakstin.

Merrion Street, Dublin.

Two Kings of Brentford. — There is a legend
relating to " Two Kings of Brentford" with which
no doubt some of the readers of your most excel-
lent work are familiar : it would confer a favour
on one of your earliest subscribers by giving an
epitome of it, or directing me to what book or other
authority to refer for its history.* J. B. Hatnes.

Abigail Hill {Lady Masham). — There is a
work in which the date of the birth, marriage and
death f of Abigail Hill is recorded. Will any of
.your correspondents oblige me with the title ?

H. D'AVENEY.

Cardinal Wolsey. — As everything connected
with the great and good Cardinal Wolsey must be
an object of interest to every real Christian, per-
haps you will be kind enough to give insertion to
the following Query.

Is it the fact that this pious and learned priest
was ever chaplain to Sir John Nanfan at Morton
Court, Worcestershire, which fine baronial seat,
after belonging for many years to the family of
Coote, Earls of Bellamont, is now the property of
John Cam Thackwell, Esq., D.L., and magistrate
for Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, nephew
of the late General Sir Joseph Thackwell, G.C.B.?
Can any of your readers inform me how long
Cardinal AVolsey was an inmate of Morton Court?
and who is the representative of the ancient Corn-
wall family of Nanfan ? Abmiqer.

Heralds' Visitation : Assumption of Arms. —
Will some one skilled in heraldic lore kindly give
me the date of the last Heralds' Visitation in
Britain, and tell me whether it extended to all
cornel's of the kingdom ?

In a country churchyard near the Border there
exists a tombstone bearing a sculptured coat of
arms. The head of the house "departed this life
in 1721, aged 60, and his spouse in 1760, at the
age of 90 years." The tombstone appears to have
been erected shortly after the date first men-
tioned.

I desire to know whether the coat of arms so

[* We have never met with the legend; but the two
Kings of Brentford who figure in TTie Rehearsal, by Vil-
liers, Duke of Buckingham, are probably well-known.
See "is'. & Q.," 1^' S. iv. 3G9.— Ed.]

[t Lad J' Masham died at an advanced age on Dec. 6.
1734.— Ed.]

sculptured must necessarily have belonged of
right to the family? Or, was there in 1720-30
the same laxity in the use of heraldic bearings as
there is in the present day ? Would a man who
then ventured to use arms to which he was not
legally entitled have been guilty of a punishable
offence ? Hopewell.

[The two last Visitations would appear to have been
those of Hampshire in 1686, and London in 1687. Divers
others were taken a.d. 1681-4, which are to be found
only in the College of Arms. Our correspondent having
omitted to furnish us with the name of the family, and
the bearing in question, we are unable to reply to the
latter portion of his Querj'.]

Inscription on a Ring. — I find in an old MS.
note here the following : —

" Inscription on an ancient gold ring found at Wid-
dington, 1771 :

" +• debaicecvidesvitaani"
Can any of your correspondents explain this
inscription, which I have copied exactly ? or in-
form me if this ring is still in existence in any
collection, or elsewhere ?

Widdington is five or six miles distant from
this place. Bbatbrooke.

Audley End, Essex.

[The inscription being on a ring, we are inclined to
suspect that its two ends meet ; and we w^ould accordingly
suggest in the first place that the cross and full stop,
which stand at the commencement of the line, might be
more properly viewed as its termination. The inscrip-
tion will then run thus : —

" DEBAICECVIDESVITAANI -{-."

The C, which occurs twice, we take as an old and not
very unusual form of S. The fourth character, j^. (Gr.
lambda), stands occasionally in old inscriptions for L.
("^. Grsecum pro L. occurrit in aliquot vett. Inscript."'
Du Cange.) The AA towards the close of the line may
be read M (as VV often for W). With these explana-
tions the line becomes ; —

" PEBLISESVIDESVITMNI +."

But the last two letters, NI, are a not infrequent
Roman contraction for Nomine Ipsius; or they may be-
Nomine Jesu. (The former explanation we prefer, /or a
reason which will appear presently.) Substituting, then,
two entire words for the initials Nl, and also introducing
in Italics, for the completion of two other words, two
vowels that are deficient, we have

" DEBrLISESVIDESVIT//MN0iV//A'^EIP5'/£/5 +•"

That is,

" Debilis es ; vides vitam nomine ipsius + ."

Or,

" Debilis es ? vides vitam nomine ipsius + ."

The cross at the end piously indicating in Whose
name we are to see life; and the "vitam [in] nomine
ipsius" being doubtless suggested by the Vulg. version
of John XX. 31., ^^ vitam habeatis in nomine ejus." Ac-
cording to this view the sense would be : " Feeble though
thou art, thou hast the prospect of a better life in Him who
died for thee on the cross."

One would wish, were that possible, to see the inscrip-
tion as it stands or stood on the ring itself; for there seems
reason for suspecting that the character which we have

2°<i S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

229

taken as the S in VIDES is in reality some old-fashioned
contraction, a word crumpled up which might somewhat
vary the sense. For instance, the true reading might
be, —

" Debilis es ; vide tamen vitam nomine ipsius + ."

Of course, however, this is only conjecture.

In the first six letters of this posy (Deblis), we may
possibly detect some traces of the party to whom the ring
belonged. " Debiles personse" were persons who, through
bodily or mental infirmity, were incapable of managing
their own affairs. The purport then might be; "True,
thou art debilis, thou canst not help thyself or take care
of thyself; yet know that in Him who died for thee thou
hast the prospect of a better life hereafter :" on which
supposition the ring may have been affection's gift to the
sufferer ; and let us hope it was not worn as a mere charm
or amulet, as similar articles often were.

But if, as frequently was the case, the posy contains a
verbal reference to the owner's name, Deblis may be a
quaint allusion to the old name De Bles = De Blois, which
we think very probable. Cf. " Henricus de Bles," a pain-
ter ; " Joannes de Blesis," alias J. de Blois ; and " Blesum
Castrum," the town of Blois. The nearest equivalents in
modern English to the old " de Bles," or " de Blois," ap-
pear to be the not very unusual surnames " Bliss," " Bligh,"
« Deeble," " Dibble."]

Leese : Lance?s. — I should be glad to know at
what period, and by what authority, the word
leese was altered into lose in the authorised ver-
sion of 1 Kings xviii. 5. ; and lancers into lancets in
verse 28 of the same chapter ? I find the anti-
quated forms still standing in an Oxford edition
(Basket), a.d. 1727; and in all the preceding
editions to which I have access. If these were
Dr. Blayney's or mere printers' corrections, they
were surely somewhat adventurous.

C. W. Bingham.

[The Holy Bible appointed bj' Royal Authority is
National property — nor ought a word to be altered ex-
cept by the same authority. It has, however, been fre-
quently altered and improved by persons who have
produced no such authority. If these alterations have
been sanctioned by the University and King's Printers
in Bibles to be read in Churches, all editions have usually
followed them. The word " leese " was altered to " lose "
in Bentham's Cambridge edition, large 4to., 1762; and
in Baskerville's Cambridge royal folio, 1763. The word
" lancers " was altered to ," lancets " in John Basket's
London 4to., 1716 ; but restored to " lancers " in his sub-
sequent editions. Blayney, Oxford, 1769, has adopted
" lose " and " lancets," which has been followed from that
time. Much greater care is now, and has been for some
years, taken by the Universities and the King's Printer
with regard to the accuracy of the text, than was formerly
the case. — Geoege Offob.]

"Pull Garlich." — Can any of your readers in-
form me why a person submitting tamely to ill-
treatment is said to " pull garlick ? " whence the
expression "pill-garlick" for a souffre-doulenr.

H. W.

[We are informed by a friend learned in the vernacu-
lar of Wales, that to make a person ""pull his leek " is
equivalent in the Principality to making him "eat his
leek." This may throw some light on the saying " to
pull garlick" in the sense now indicated by H. W. We
think, however, it was sufficiently shown by our corre-

j spondents in l'« S. iii. 42. 74. 150., that by fii7-garlick we
I are to understand one who peels garlick. " Filled- garlick,"
indeed, was one whose hair had fallen off through disease,
as is clear from a citation in Todd's Johnson. But for
j9!7 garlick, a servile person -who peels garlick, see the lines
of Skelton, 1" S. iii. 74., where the pyllers of garlyek are
classed with those who cary sackes to the myll, with
thosd Avho shyll pescoddes, and with those who rost a
stone.

The term pil-garlick, as we now hear it occasionally
used in conversation, has this peculiarity, that it not only
signifies, in a general sense, one who has suffered ill-
treatment, but, specially, one who has been abandoned by
others, and left in the lurch ("a ■poor forsaken wretch,"
Todd's Johnson') ; the speaker, the party who uses the term,
being himself the forsaken sufferer, the pil-garlick. " At
first I was well Unpported ; but in the end all my backers-
up proved to be backers-out, and so poor pil-garlick was
left in the lurch," The "poor pil-garlick" of this mo-
nody is evidently no other than the speaker himself.

Garlick of necessity isolates. The Greeks forbad those
who had eaten garlick to enter their temples. But, con--
nected with our mediaeval therapeutics, there was a pecu-
liar case, in which those who had to do with garlick
were placed in a state of isolation. The leprosy was a
common disease ; lepers were shunned, they dwelt apart ;
and a prime specific for leprosj' was garlick. " Macules
et nsevos, scabriciem cutis, scabiem, lepras et porriginem
capitis emendat," Brunfels, Herbarium, 1540, p. 135. " It
is also good against the foule white scurffe, leprie, and
running ulcers of the head, and all other manginesse,
pound with oyle and salt, and laid thereon," Dodoen,
I New Herbal, by H. Lyte, 1619, p. 458. May we not in-
I fer, then, that the " poor pil-garlick," forsaken by all men,
j and left in the lurch, was originally the hapless leper,
i who peeled his own garlick, to be " pound with oyle and
salt " as a poultice for his own cuticle, and who was thus
doubly cut off from the society of other humans, first by
his malady, and secondly by his remedy? In Latin the
word itself, allium, garlick, is supposed to be derived
from the Gr. a\ia, to keep one's distance ; and as far back
as the time of Moses the leper was required to "dwell
alone." Lev. xiii. 46. '

Qu. Might we not derive L. scortum ("cujus etym.
multum vexatur ") from the Gr. a-KopSov, short for a-KopoSov,
garlick ? Cf. the Fr. putain from It. putire.']

Mr. John Coleman. — What circumstance is re-
ferred to in the following ? —

" Married, in London [April 28, 1791], Mr, John Cole-
man, of Berkeley Square, to Miss Porter of St, James's
Street; and thus Mr. Coleman is rewarded for having
brought the monster to punishment by the lady wiiose
cause he so gallantly espoused."

Uneda.

Philadelphia.

[During the months of May and June, 1790, the streets
of the metropolis were infested by a villain of the name of
Renwick Williams, commonly called The Monster, whose
practice it was to follow some well-dressed lady, and
after using gross language, to give her a cut with a sharp
instrument he held concealed in his hand, either through,
her stays or through her petticoats. Eventually he was
captured by Mr. Coleman, whose friend Miss Porter had
been assaulted by Williams. The Monster was convicted
for an assault and battery, and sentenced to six years'
imprisonment. — Annual liegister, xxxii. 207. 223. 226.
264,]

" Itacism." — I shall feel obliged if any of your
readers will kindly inform me the derivation of

230

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"» S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.

the word itacism. It occurs several times in the
review of the edition of the Vatican manuscript
of the New Testament, by the late Cardinal Mai,
in the last number of Titan. The meaning of the
word appears to be interchange of vowels — such
as a for e, o for o, &c. ; but 1 have not been, able
to discover its derivation. E. D. K.

\_Itacisin. originally signified the pronunciation of tlie
<5reek rj as t, so that eta became ita. This mode of pro-
nunciation is now stated to have been for some j'ears
publicly adopted in France. If we rightlj' understand, it
hrings the French pronunciation of eta to ours, that of ee
in peel. Otherwise, the continental pronunciation of eta
is that of a in liare. But farther, and in a more extended
sense, itacism is the faultj' substitutionn^ ij for ot, ei, i,
V, or of these for that. It appears from our correspon-
dent's communication that, in the publication to which
he refers, itacism is used in a meaning still more com-
prehensive.!

Filleroy. — " He showed me a little square
building surmounted with filleroy." {Connoisseur,
No. 33.) What was this ? Dubius.

[On a careful reference to three editions of the Connois-
seur, namely, 1. the editio princeps, fo. 1755 ; 2. edit. 1788
•(vol. vi. of Harrison's British Classicks') ; and 3. edit.
1823 (vol. XXV. of Chalmers's British Essai/ists') ; we find
that the " little square building " in the citizen's garden
was " sitrrounded with fiileroj'," not " surmounted" with it.
The filleroy, which surrounded the said little building (or
"temple"') was phillerei/, 'L. phyUeria ox pliyllyrhaa, Fr. Jilaria
or philaria, — commonly chilled mock privet. " Ph3'lleria,
phillerey, the name of a genus of plants," Suppt. to Cham-
bers, Cyclop., 1753 ; " Phillyria, mock privet," Webster ;
" Filaria, mock privet .... toujours vert," Flem. & Tibb.
Both the mock privet and the privet proper, from the
density of their foliage, are peculiarly available for sur-
rounding such " little buildings " as tliat in question, and
accordingly one constantly sees them so emploj-ed in
rustic gardens. The evergreen sorts are evidently the
best, as they answer their purpose in winter as well as
summer.]

ZACHARY BOTD.

(2°* S. viii. 10.)

In reply to J. O. it certainly would have been
to me a source of much pleasure to have furnished
him with " any precise information regarding the
dates and peculiarities of the several editions of
*' The Psalmes of David in Meeter, by the INlinis-
ter of the Baronie Churcb," Mr. Zachary Boyd, if
I had been so qualified; but I fear to be able only
in a very inadequate manner to respond to his
inquiries, and particularly to a con*espondent of
" N. & Q." who has formerly shown himself so
enlightened in curious old " Bokes."

As the result of some '■^diggings in this old
field," perhaps it may not be thought altogether
egotistical in me to state that as a kind of "labour
of love" to the memory of a neglected Author so
much respected amongst us, I edited in 1831, for
subscribers, a fac-simile reprint of 300 copies.

Glasgow, Svo., pp. 476 of his "Last Battellof the
Sovle in Death, Printed at Edinburgh by the
Heires of Andro Hart, 1629," a most original, va-
luable volume of 1336 pages, which had become
so scarce as to be on the eve of being lost to the
world. To the new edition I prefixed a Biogra-
phical Sketch of the Author, with some Account
of his Printed Works, prose and poetical, and a
detailed Catalogue of his large collection of MSS.,
as deposited in the Library of the University of
Glasgow, together pp. xlviii. In 1831 little was
known of the author, except through some scat-
tered, incidental notices, and nothing almost of his
MS. works. The former, along with new facts
and information progressively picked up, I
wrought into a more accurate and complete bio-
graphical chain than in 1831, and at a leisure mo-
ment, in 1855, published them in 400 copies, fcap.
4to., Glasgow, Printed by George Richardson, in-
cluding " Four Poems from Zioti's Flowers,^' (his
so-called "Bible"), edited froni his MS. in the
University of Glasgow, in whole pp. 255. The
author has now, in some degree, been restored to
society, and it affords me occasionally much satis-
faction to observe that in several literary produc-
tions of modern times, he has obtained a place
among other celebrated men of his age. It is to
be hoped that the Faculty of the University will
do him more justice than he has hitherto received,
by the printing of his " Workes," for which he
bequeathed funds to be appropriated to that pur-
pose, never applied, so far as has yet been dis-
covered ; and for the Documents connected with
this mysterious subject, see the vjorh last above re-
f erred to, pp. 22 — 28 of "Introduction," and "Ap-
pendix," pp. xxiii. — XXX.

In relation to the "Psalmes" in question, I
heard, in 1831, that he had published three or
four editions of a metrical version, but from the
extreme rarity of his printed books the difficulty
was to find any copy of his Psalter : I, however,
succeeded at last in obtaining one which was ge-
nerally believed to be the third edition (and as
such inserted N° 17 in List of his Printed \Vo7-ks),
12mo., Glasgow, 1646, from which, in the reprint
first above named at p. xliv., I gave a few speci-
mens of the Psalms, and also of " The Songs of
the Old and New Testament." The two editions
of his Psalter, said to have been previous to 1646,
I have never been so fortunate as to see ; nor are
they noted by the Kev. H. Cotton, or any other
bibliographer whom I have happened to examine.
Indeed, from the topic having to some extent
worn out of memory, I have only lately had an
opportunity of consulting the edition of 1648,
with " the Prose interlined," quoted by J. O.,
which latter I'think to be a peculiarity not. of the
1646 edition. This of 1648 may doubtlessly be
concluded upon as the final and crowning work
" of the travclls of Mr. Zachary in this line," ac-

2°^ S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

231

cording to his own declaration, " whereof I give to
you now this last edition." He demitted all his
labours, as indicated by a MS. Note of his, on
'■'■ Qrd March, 1653. Heere the Author loas neere
his end and was able to doe no more." It may now
be regarded as a pretty well ascertained fact, as to
which formerly there were many conjectures, that
he was born in 1585, and died towards the end of
March, or in the early part of April, 1653. The
poetical afflatus had more specially descended
upon him within the last twelve years or so of his
life.

In "The Epistle Dedicatory" of the Psalms
" To the right Reverend, thefaithfull Ministers of
God's Word of Britain and^Ireland. From Glas-
gow, 1648, your humble servant in the Lord, M.
Zachary Boyd," we are informed " At the direc-
tion of the Generall Assembly, A?mo 1644, I put
my hand to the work of the Psalmes," so that it
would appear in the course of four years he had
diligently tasked himself in putting forth four edi-
tions "for the publike service of God in his
Church." These, like others of his printed books,
had probably been so much appreciated as to be
bought greedily and read to tatters, and to such a
cause may be imputed the present scarcity of the
first two editions, and also that of Ihe last two.
The 1646 was in all likelihood the competing
edition he had before the Assembly, as by their
Minute, dated 11 Feb. 1647, "The Commission
appoynts a letter of encouragement to be written
to Mr. Zechariah Boyd for his paines in his Para-
phrase of the Psalmes, shewing that they have
sent them to their Commissioners at London to be
considered and made use of there by those that
are upon the same work." These Commissioners
may also have had the "use" of the 1648 edition,
as the author had time to prepare it before the
close of their labours in 1650. I think every
circumstance sufficiently weighed in reference to
his version, the author, and his auxiliary friends,
that they were all somewhat harshly treated by
Principal Baillie*, who, perhaps, as in some others
of his opinions on affairs, in the heat of his en-
thusiasm had overrated himself. Hear the simple
explanations of Mr. Zachary, in 1648, and so dis-
interested that few authors can speak in the same
tenour : " I desire that no man esteem that in a
mercenary way I am seeking gain by those my
labours, though the work hath been both painfull
and chargeable. I with a most willing mind
offer all in a free will offering to the Lord ; seek
gaines who will, I will have none, nor do I stand
in need, praised bee the Lord. I hope the judi-
cious reader shall finde this last mended in many

* He was a remarkably learned, able servant of the
Church, and an intimate friend of Mr. Zachary, but took
to his heels when Cromwell came to Glasgow, while the
latter remained firm to his ministerial post, and bravely
faced and repritnanded the invader of the city.

things. If any thing hath been observed by any
in the former editions, let them consider it, if it
bee mended in this last, which as I have hitherto
done, I submit in all humility to the judgement of
my Brethren in the Ministry. TAe Spiiits of the
Prophets are subject to the Prophets, 1 Cor. 14. 32."
Rather curiously in the copy before me there
are in several places rifacimenti of the metres
printed on small slips of paper pasted over the
former readings (a practice he adopted also in his
MS. works), in which remaking, in his own idea,
he had striven even for greater improvement.
There are also on the face of the print numerous
pen and ink emendations in an old hand, those
likely of some clerical brother who had carefully
"considered" the version agreeably to the au-
thor's advice. From the version authorised by
the Assembly, in 1650, his did not carry the day;
but he had the honour of sharing in a Minute by
the Commissioners of the Assembl3', " how usefull
their travells have been in the correcting of the
Old Paraphrase of the Psalmes, and in compiling
the New, Doe therefore returne their heartie
thanks for these their labours," &c.

With an equal zeal he had employed much of
his attention in a metrical translation of the "Holy
Songs of the Old and New Testament." The
first edition of them which I find, is " Printed at
Glasgow by George Anderson, 1648 (forming the
last part of the 2nd vol. 8vo. of the "Garden of
Zion," by the same printer, and dated a year
earlier), which he dedicated to the " Royall Lady
Mary, his Majesties Elder Daughter, Princessc of
Orange." " To the Reader," he says : —

" I as yet have known none that in poesie hath turned
all the Songs of Scripture, except llieodore Bezc, who
hath done it very accurately in the French tongue. If
the So7ig of Songs, and the Songs of J}Ioses, DehoraJi,
Hannah, Ezehiah, Mary, Simeon, and Zechariah, and
divers others, be so heavenly as all maj' see, it were to be
wished that in the Church tliey had place to be sung with
the Psalmes of David, unto the which they are not in-
feriour."

He published them also with his Psalms in
1646, and in the subsequent edition, dated "From
Glasgow, 27 of February, 1648," in an Address
" To the right Reverend the faithfuU Ministers of
God's AVord of the Church of Scotland" he notices
" That it pleased You in the Generall Assembly last, at
Edinburgh, Anno 1647, to take to your consideration the
great utility the Church of God may have by the Songs
contained in Holy Scriptures. After due deliberation, it
pleased You to ordain that I should labour in that work :
In obedience to Yon, I have endeavoured to come as neer
to the Text as was possible for me to do. And those my
labours, I in all humility offer to be considered," &c.

And in conformity to his statement in the pre-
ceding, the Assembly, by a Minute of 28th Aug.,
same year, "doth further recommend that Mr.
Zachary Boyd be at the paines to translate the
other Scripturall Songs in meeter, and to report
his iravells also to the Commissioners of the As-

232

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2»* S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.

sembly." Again, on 10th Aug. 1648, "The As-
sembly recommends to Mr. John Adamson and
Mr. Thomas Craufurd, to revise the labours of
Mr. Zachary Boyd upon the other Scripturall
Songs." We hear no more of the subject, till in
this, as in respect to the Psalms, he is thanked by
the Assembly, in the Minute of 1650, above cited.
Were it not that the author has been so distinct
in the Preface to the edition of his Psalms in
1648, in adverting to '■''former editions" of them,
so as almost to preclude our conjecture, I have
sometimes been tempted to think that, by a possi-
bility, through a certain loose form of expressing
himself, he may have meant to include as his
Psalms the two editions of the Holy Songs of
1645 and of 1646, and that the latter may have
led to the supposition held of there being two edi-
tions of the Psalms previous to 1646. It will be
observed, moreover, that he held these Songs in
as high estimation as the Psalms of David.

With regard to peculiarities in his metrical ren-
derings of both the Psalms and the Songs, there
will be seen, on comparing the two different edi-
tions mentioned, as he went along, considerable
variations. Whether that one class of them was
more happy than another, he had at least thought
so. The rules by which he had tied himself down
may here be slightly abridged from the " Epistle
Dedicatory" of 1648, and which are now so pre-
cious and interesting to be perused.

" First. That the interpretation approven and received
by our Church be not changed in the verse by any par-
ticular man's * opinion, &c. Secondly. That all difficile
words be shunned, by reason that many people and chil-
dren must sing that are unlearned. Thirdly. That so far
as is possible no words of the Text be wanting, for in the
Text there be no idle words, or superfluities to be re-
trinched as in men's discourse. Fourthly. If any words
be added, that they be pertinent to make the sense clear,
&c. Fifthly. A special care would be had that the verse
be very clear, and easie to be understood by the most
ignorant, that unlearned people and children may, as
God's Word directs, Psalm 47. 7. Sing with understanding.
It is better pertinently to adde some words for explication,
as we see done in the Text itself, then without them to
leave the matter so obscure that the people and children
should sing they know not what . . . Saint Paul is a
great enemie to obscurity, and all faithfull Pastours must
and will set their face against it in all things that con-
cerne the soules that their Master hath bought with his
bloud, and concredited to them ; Let therefore all difficile
words be shunned that are not in the Bible ; as for the
words of the Bible, all should understand them. Sixthly.
A speciall care would be had that, so far as may be, the
words of the Text be not changed with any other, that
those that have their Bibles before them may read the
words of the Text in the song ; when other words are in
the verse, the Text seemeth uncouth to him that readeth
or singeth. Seventhly. He that medleth with such a
work should have good understanding in the Hebreiu,
which is the Originall and fountaine. The want of this,
or the not taking heed, hath made all English verse that

* Probably he had here in view Baillie, who had a pre-
dilection for the MS. version of Sir William Mure of Row-
alien, also before the Assembly.

I have seen, make a very great fault, in mistaking that
which is said of God himself in the Fsal. 82. 1. where it
is said, God standeth in the congregation of the miqhty, he
judgeth among the gods : All the Psalmes in English verse
that I have seen, by the mighty there understand itiighty
men, which is a very great mistake . . . Our English
version in this verse would be mended ; whereas it hath
God standeth in the Assembly of the mighty, it were better
and more clear to put God standeth in the Assembly of
God."

The foregoing remarks are a few of the more
salient points of Mr. Zachary's travails, but do
not pretend to be any history either of them or of
his books of Psalms and Songs. They may have
a little exceeded the Query of J. O. I, however,
throw myself on the principle of the adage that
" the abundance of the law never breaks it."
From his critical and literary investigations, with
a more enlarged field for information, perhaps he
may excuse me for being so avaricious as yet to
expect to hear some report of his own " ti-avells in
this line," or in any other matter anent the author
and his works in general. G. N.

MALABAE JE^S.

(2"<» S. iv. 429.)

Only a few days ago I discovered a stray
number of the Algemeene Konst-en Letterhode (for
1857, Nov. 14), which, though directed to me,
had been mislaid amongst other papers and had
slumbered there for about two years, only to re-
appear at the very moment when the writer of
the article I am going to translate breathed his
last. It contains a reply to a question put by me
in the same periodical (p. 346), and inserted in
"N. & Q." as an appendix to a Query proposed
to the Navorscher by Dr. Todd of Dublin.

The Konst-en Letterhode says : —

" Mr. S. de Wind, LL.D., writes us as follows from
Middelburg, in reply to the queries of Mr. J. H. Van
Lennep, on p. 346 of this volume :

"'Mr. V. L. will find his inquiries fully illustrated in
the first series of the Works published by the Zealand
Society of Sciences (^Oudere Werken van het Zeeuwsch
Genootschap der Wetenschajrpen), vol. vi. (Middelburg,
1778) and ix. (1782), which thoroughly investigate the
history of the Gochim Jews.

" ' The first-mentioned volume contains a Treatise, en-
titled " Historical Particulars regarding the White and
Black Jews at Cochim on the Coast of Malabar, extracted
from a Correspondence with the Governor and Director of
that Coast, Mr. Adriaan Moens, Counsellor Hn extraor-
dinari' of the Dutch East Indies; collated with the
Accounts of several Writers, by Adrianua 's Gravezande."

" ' This treatise amply discusses Hamilton's account, a
number of statements from Dutch and Portuguese writers,
Mr. Van Rheede's " Extract " ( UittrehseT), and A. Moens's
communications : whilst a fac-simile is added of the two
brass plates mentioned by Hamilton.

" 'In the ninth volume occurs, on p. 515 and following,
a paper, inscribed "Appendix to the Historical Particulars
regarding the White and Black Jews at Cochim, by
A. 's Gravezande," and then comes a "Postscript, re-

2°^ s. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

233

specting the White and Black Jews at Cochim, after the
most recent Advices from Mr. Moens." This last part
includes a full analysis of the Memoir, which Mr. Moens
had had to leave to his successor, when quitting
the JIalabar Coast, and which is dated April 18, 1781,
It is this Memoir Mr. Van Lennep alludes to in his query.
Mr. Moens had communicated his record to the Directors
of the East India Company, and, through the medium
of Mr. C. Kien Van Citters, Mr. 's Gravezande was fur-
nished with a copy of the part referring to the Cochim
Jews.

" ' I do not think it unlikely that 's Gravezande's
treatise, in the sixth volume, was translated into Portu-
guese by order of Moens, and that it was then shown by
him to Ezechiel Rabby.

" ' As for the rest I must add that the several objects
mentioned by "s Gravezande, as : Ezechiel Kabby's por-
trait ; the piece of wood, with the inscription INAZR-
REXIVDE (the letters read from right to left); the
Malabar olla, cset., are to this day preserved in the
Zealand Society's Museum, whilst some manuscripts — as
three letters written by John Collet, one of which is di-
rected to the Cochim Jews, and some papers, descending
from A. Moens, which 's Gravezande made use of — are
also kept in the same repository.' "

J. H. Van Lenwep.

Huis te Leiduin, near Haarlem,
August 31, 1859.

THE PRBTENDEK. '

(2"'' S. viii. 51. 99.)

Mrs. Frances Shaftoe's Narrative is quoted at
great length, and the truth of its statements as-
serted, in a tract, now before me, bearing the
following title : —

" More Memoirs : or, the Pretendek, what He Really
Pretends to be : Some Explications of His Birth Re-
viv'd : and Reasons for Questioning His Title Set Aside.

In a Letter to a Right Reverend L London :

Printed, and Sold by J. Baker, at the Black Boy in
Pater-noster-row. 1713. Price 6c/." — Pp.40.

Besides the above two pamphlets, I have also
the following upon the same subject: —

1. " The Pretender an Ihfoster : Being that part
of the Memorial, From the English Protestants to their
Highnesses The Prince and Princess of Orange, con-
cerning their Grievances, and the Birth of the Pretended
Prince of Wales. Which is more than a sufficient Answer
to the Old Depositions about that Matter lately Pub-
lished. London, Printed and Sold by the Booksellers.
1711. Price Sixpence." — Pp. 40.

2. " The Several Declarations, Together with the
several Depositions made in Council on Monday, the
22d of October, 1688. Concerning the Birth of the Prince
of Wales. N.B. Those Marked with this Mark* were Ro-
man Catholicks. London : Printed, and Sold by the
Booksellers of London and Westminster." Pp. 40. At
the end : " Published by His Majesties special

COJIMAND."

3. " A Full Answer To the Depositions, And to all
other the Pretences and Arguments whatsoever. Con-
cerning the Birth of the Pretended Prince of Wales.
The Intrigue thereof detected. The whole Design
being set forth, with the Way and Manner of doing 'it.
Whereunto is annex'd, A Map, or Survey, Engraven on
Copper, of St. Jameses Palace, and the Convent there :

Describing the Place wherein it is suppos'd the true
Mother was Deliver'd : With the particular Doors and
Passages, thro' which the child was convey'd to the
Queen's Bed-Chamber. Printed in the year 1711."
Pp. 56. The map referred to has been abstracted from
my Copj'.

4. " Some New Proofs, By which it appears that the
Pretender is Truly James the Third. London : Printed
for J. Baker, at the Black-Boy in Pater-Noster-Row.
1713. Price 6d." Pp. 28.

5. " A Full Demonstration that the Pretended
Prince of Wales was the Son of Mrs. Mary Grey, Un-
deniably prov'd by Original Letters of the late Queen
and others; And by Depositions of several Persons of
Worth and Honour, never before publish'd ; and a par-
ticular Account of the Murther of Mrs. Mary Grey at
Paris. Humbly recommended to the Consideration of
both Houses of Parliament. By William Fuller, Gent.
London: Printed for the Author, and sold by A. Bald-
win, at the Oxford Arms in Warwick lane. 1702.** Pp.
40.

6. " The Great Bastard, Protector of the Little One.
Done out of French. And for which a Proclamation, with
a Reward of 5000 Lewedores, to discover the Author,
was Published, London, Printed in the Year 1701."
Pp. 15.

Some of the above tracts are referred to, and
much interesting information, from contemporary
sources, on the subject of them is given, in the
Oxford edition of Bishop Burnet's History of his
Own Time, 1833.

I can scarcely agree with C. D. E. that if Bp.
Lloyd's* "notes on this subject could be found,
probably little more could be desired," because,
equally so with his brother bishop, he was not
only a warm and busy stickler for the interests
of the Prince of Orange, but also a thorough-
paced hater of the Stuart dynasty, and, as it
appears, ever ready to yield a willing ear to, and
spread abroad, the cruel reports that were in
circulation respecting the " pretended " delivery
of James's queen, heedless of the maxims, that
the receiver is as bad as the thief, and the re-
tailer of slander as the inventor of it. But see,
in reference to his " great collection," the note
to Burnet, as above, vol. iii. p. 258. As to the
latter's own private thoughts in this matter, the
editor of his Own Time remarks (Preface, x.) :
that, "notwithstanding the idle stories told by
him, on the authority of others, concerning the
birth of the Prince of Wales, he nowhere, in the
present time at least, explicitly avows an opinion
of his illegitimacy." Wm. Matthews.

Cowgill.

[* As there were two Bishops at this time of the name
of William Lloyd, our correspondents should distinguish
them by their respective sees. Of course, the bishop al-
luded to was William Lloyd, consecrated Bishop of St.
Asaph, and translated to Coventry and' to Worcester, ob.
1717. The other William Lloyd was consecrated Bishop
of LlandafF, translated to Peterborough and Norwich, and
deprived at the Revolution : ob. Jan. 1, 1709-10.— Ed.]

234

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"^ S. VIII. Sept. 17. '5?.

CUATTERTON MSS.

(2"'^ S. 94. 194.)

Your correspondent Mr. Hugh Owen asks
triumphantly, " Is there any evidence that Chat-
terton ever exhibited a single scrap of the sup-
posed literary labours of Rowley, said to have
been found in the Redcliff chest ? " I am not
going to raise a controversy which it is hopeless
should now be ever determined, for poor Chat-
terton in the year 1869 — a period fast coming
upon us — will have gone to his last account one
hundred years ago ; but when his memory is so
continually made the subject of attack, and we
hear " forgery" and "a long career of deception "
charged upon him, there are some considerations
which, I think, in fairness, should be stated ; and
it does not seem to me that they have yet been
sufficiently brought before the public.

Whether Chatterton himself ever obtained any
papers from the chests in Redclifi" church or not,
and whether the parchments now in the British
Museum ever came from the repositories over
Redcliffe porch or not, it seems quite admitted,
on all hands, that his father did abstract both
parchments and papers from Canynge's chests, and
used them for his own purposes. These MSS.
seem afterwards to have been in his son's hands,
and what could have become of them ?

If we refer to Dr. Gregory's Life of Chatter-
ton, the first occasion upon which attention was
attracted to these MSS. was upon the publication
of one in Felix Farley s Bristol Journal, giving an
account of the friar's passing the old bridge. In
consequence of the inquiries of the friends of
Dr. Barrett, who was then writing a History of
Bristol, it was discovered that the transcript was
brought to the Journal Office by a youth named
Thomas Chatterton, who, when questioned and
threatened, refused to enter into particulars. Upon
this statement two questions may be asked, —
"Was the conduct of the youth that of one en-
tering upon a career of deception ? and secondly,
upon what ground comW he have been threatened?
I see none, except that he was in possession of
papers which certainly did not belong to him.

Chatterton was articled to an attorney, and
•would know very well the real bearing of his
case. He had taste enough to find out the
genuine merit of the writings, and sufficient
knowledge of law to be aware that he had no
claim to them. But there was one certain mode
of making them his own, — by transcribing the
poems, and burning the originals. And this, I
suppose, he did.

This will explain a thousand difficulties ; and
doubtless he bitterly repented of what he had
done, and would have given all he had to get the
originals back, so soon as he was made sensible of
their real value, and that his own ignorance and

blunders in transcription had rendered it doubtful
whether there were ever any originals at all. But
it was too late. The parchments in the British
Museum I conceive to be merely attempts to re-
pair his error ; for many of the characters are his,
though imitated from old ones. But the most
serious evil is, that he probably introduced his
own words to make the verse run more smoothly,
and at other times absolutely blundered through
ignorance, as in the verse, —

" Noe, bestoikerre, I will go,"
the second word of which line Bryant has shown
was really heswikerre ; and to any one conversant
with old writing, the mistake of the first part of
the letter w, then carried above the line, for the
letter t, is easy and palpable. Again : it is said
that his forgeries are clear, because he has intro-
duced blank verse, not known until Surrey's time,
into the tragedy of jElla. There are some lines
in blank verse in the tragedy of JElla, which is a
regular and finished poem, and very bad they are,
the worst in the piece. But why should any one
who could write so much better in the other parts
insert these ? Simply, I believe, because some
stanzas of the tragedy there were lost, and Chat-
terton put them in to carry on the story, either
from inability or want of time to write in the
strain of the original.

True it is, that Chatterton was very unpopular
with the corporation of Bristol. He satirised
them, and they hated and persecuted him in re-
turn. But it is time these feelings should rest
in his grave, and his sad story be thought of
only with regret. Railroad improvements have
demolished the little school in which he first re-
ceived the early rudiments of education ; the
curious little sign of the " horse milliner " has
disappeared ; strangers are required to give in
their name before they can be admitted to look at
W. Canynge's chests and boxes ; and the Rowley
stone at St. John's is carefully covered up, though
it is to be hoped not damaged or destroyed. But
the strains, whether Rowley's or Chatterton's,
still survive, despite the art and malice of Wal-
pole, KT%a is aei, an eternal possession. When
we peruse them, let us no longer speak of " im-
postors" or "deceivers," but drop a tear to the
memory of him, who, in whatever capacity, was
the unhappy instrument of introducing them to
the notice of the world. W.

Perhaps I may be allowed in reply to Mr. Hugh
Owen to say I was not the person who took this
MS. to the Bristol Literary Institution for com-
parison with Chatterton's will ; for my knowledge
of his handwriting rendered it unnecessary.

On looking through my two volumes of the
De Bergham Pedigree, in Chatterton's Autograph,
I find some of the Latin paragraphs translated by

2'><« S. VIII., Sept. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

235

Bari'ett's pen, and there seems to be a resemblance
between such translations and Mb. OwE^'s MS. ;
which if Barrett also wrote, being a friend and
patron of Chatterton, paper with a similar water-
mark in it and a portion of the will would be ac-
counted for. Another contemporary, Catcott, has
left behind him some modernised poems of Row-
ley, composed by Chatterton, but in Catcott's
autograph, and possibly Mr. Owen's fragment of
j3^lla, may be one of these.

In answer to the question, " Is there any e^ 1-
dence that Chatterton ever exhibited a single
scrap said to be found in the RedclifF chest?" I
believe there are several such curious and illegi-
ble documents : for instance, " The Account of
Wm. Canynge." And I am sure Sir Frederic
Madden would kindly allow your correspondent
to see them, if he wishes to do so, at the British
Museum, and at the same time satisfy him Chat-
terton never wrote any other than the " stiff at-
torney's clerk copying hand," which is the same
even in his pocketbook taken with him to London,
and now in my possession.

The fragment referred to as having belonged to
the late Mr. Richard Smith was, I think, " La-
myngstone " (I have not Grant's edition of Chat-
terton's Poems at hand) ; and if so, it was pre-
sented by him to the Bristol Subscription Library
at the top of Park Street, where it is still to be
seen. Bristoliensis.

JAMES MOORE.

(2'"i S.viii. 197.)
If any one has doubts about the literary and
historical value of "N. & Q.," let him look into
the history of this obFoure family, which sprung
into existence from a footman, about 1700, and
was extinct before 1750. Mr. Croker, we may
assume, was especially informed on the subject,
for Pope had immortalised the Moores ; yet even
Mr. Croker was compelled to ask, in 1854, for in-
formation ; and already any one of your readers
could write a history of the Moores as full of mi-
nute details as if he had lived next door to them
in Southampton Street, or sat in the same pew at
Fetcham. Still there are obscure points which may
as well be cleared up. Pope, we know, carried on
his battle with his adversaries in the Gi-ub Street
Journal, and we learn from the Preface to the
collected volumes, that he and his friends generally
wrote under the signature "A." It was Pope,
therefore, or one of his friends, but Pope no
doubt, who addressed a letter in that journal, pro-
fessedly from the worm-powder Moore to his ne-
phew, James Moore Smythe, and the nephew's
penitential reply. Was this pure fiction, or
founded on some sort of relationship? It has
always struck me as strange that Pope should
in the Forest have even heard of or concerned

himself about the worm-powder Moore; and I
have attributed the fact of such knowledge to
Lewis the Catholic bookseller, and Pope's first pub-
lisher, being himself a seller of worm-powders,
or rather worm-lozenge seller. The curious may
find his advertisements in the Evening Post for
May, 1712, with all the usual trumpetings about
wonderful success. But Moore Smythe was a boy
at that time, and it is not likely that the Moore
family was even known to Pope. I presume,
therefore, that Pope's attempt to associate them as
blood relations was for the mere purpose of an-
noyance.

We ought, however, to know something about
Pope's "Moore of Abchurch Lane." I will ask,
therefore, whether he was the same person or the
father of James Moore, described as proprietor of
extensive plantations of medicinal herbs at Mit-
cham, who, subsequent to 1749, bought the
manors of Biggin and Tamworth in Surrey ?
Was he related to Mrs. Bridget Moore, for whom
Woodfall printed labels for Daffy's Elixir (see
"N. & Q.," 1" S. xi. 420.), or was Mrs. Bridget
the widow of A. Moor, the bookseller, near St.
Paul's, or of Moor the "highflyer"-tory, men-
tioned by Negus in 1724? J. M. (2.)

Dr. Shelton Mackenzie s Life of Dr. Maginn
(2"* S. viii. 169.) — I have a very short and very
decisive answer to make to Philo-Turpin. There
is not a word of truth in Dr. Shelton Mackenzie's
statement. I have not seen the piece of biography
in question, and never heard of it before ; but I
take it for granted Philo-Turpin's report is
correct. If so, I repeat, the statement* is false in
every particular. Dr. Maginn never wrote one
line of Rooku'ood, text or ballads. He never saw
any portion of the work prior to its publication,
and for aught I know to the contrary, he never
saw it then. Certain I am that he would have
scorned to claim the credit of any production
which did not emanate from his own pen, while a
proceeding like the present would have filled him
with disgust and indignation. In putting forth,
this unwarrantable statement. Dr. Shelton Mac-
kenzie has committed an act of gross injustice
towards the memory of Dr. Maginn as well as
towards myself, and is bound to make every repa-
ration in his power. W. Harrison Ainsworth.
Brighton.

On Bv7/ing a Bible (2"« S. vii. 434.) — These
verses were in existence and in print more than
seventy- five years ago. They are to be found,
precisely as now printed, in (Dr. Franklin's)
Poor Richard's Almanac for the year 1743.

Uneda.
Philadelphia.

230

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"<» S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.

Earhj Catalogues (2"'^ S. viii. 183.)— In refer-
ence to a footnote at p. 183., I think it will be
found that the first generalised list of publica-
tions in our language was compiled by Andrew
Maunsell, whose sign was the "Parrot" in St.
Paul's Churchyard. It is intitled : —

" The first part of tlie Catalogue of English printed
Boolses. Which concerneth such matters of Divinitie as
have bin either written in oure tongue, or translated out
of some other language; and have bin published to the
glory of God, and editication of the Churcli of Christ in
England. Gathered into Alphabet and such method as it
is, by Andrew Maunsell, bookseller. London : printed by
John Windet, for Andrew Maunsell, dwelling in Loth-
burie, 1595, in folio, with the device of a Pelican and its
offspring rising out of the flames, round which is ' Pro
lege, rege, et grege. Love kepyth the lawe, obe^^eth
the kynge, and is good to the commonwelthe.' "

In the first volume of the Athenceum, pp. 43.
45., an analysis is given of this Catalogue. It is
a curious fact made apparent on some of the old
catalogues whereon the prices are marked, that
the sura of one penny was a very common bidding.
• It may be supererogatory to notice that cata-
logues of books were very early compiled by the
monks. The most extensive example is one
written by Henry de I'>stria, prior of Canterbury
(1285), now preserved in the Cottonian Library.
It occupies no less than thirty-eight treble-
columned folio pages, and contains the titles of
more than 3,000 works. Prlnte4 catalogues were
produced as early as 1574, if not sooner, for the
use of the book fairs which used to be held at
Frankfort, in a street there called Book Street;
and Ggorge Wilier of Augsburg is said to have
been the first who " fell upon the plan of causing
to be printed every fair a Catalogue of all the new
Books, in \jfhich the size and printers' names were
marked." His last catalogue is said to be dated
1597, and printed by Bassaaus of Frankfort. In a
great measure owing to the restrictions placed
upon the publishers at Frankfort, few catalogues
were printed there after 1604, the bookselling
businesses having been carried to Leipsic, and the
shops in Book Street were generally converted
into taverns. It is a singular coincidence that it
was for a very long period the custom for book-
sellers to make all their bargains at these places.

W. J. Stannaed.
Hatton Garden.

Grotesques in Churches (2""* S. viii. 196.) —
F. E. Cabrington's explanation is by no means
satisfactory, though I am not prepared with a
better. Admitting its truth, however, it does
not explain why the grotesque figures so fre-
quently to be seen in our churches were placed
there at all, nor yet for what purpose. Many of
these figures are positively indecent. I know a
sacred building still used for public worship, in
which the misererles (though very beautiful as
carvings) are so filthy and obscene in their refer-

ences, that, they are nailed down by the authorities
that they may not be seen. Perhaps some one
can give a good reason for allowing their admis-
sion into sacred buildings, and the objects intended
to be served. R. S.

Rev. Richard Johnson (2"^ S. vil. 394.) — An
inquiry is made by Delta as to the Rev. Richard
Johnson. If not too late I can supply a little
farther information as to that clergyman. He
remained, I am informed, about twenty years in
New South Wales, and on his return to England
Government presented him (through Mr. Per-
cival) with the living of St. Antholin's, Watling
Street, worth about 200Z. a-year, and which he
held till his death in 1827. I do not know of any
biography of him, but I have no doubt that if
your correspondent requires farther information
respecting him, and would communicate directly
with me, I should be able to supply it.

Jko. Edward Hih.

Halifax.

[We have intimated to Delta, Mr. Hill's obliging
offer to supply him with biographical information re-
specting the Rev. Richard Johnson; but he scarcely
thinks, on his own individual account, he ought to tres-
pass on Mr. Hill's courtesy : still he is of opinion, if it
meet his approbation, the public generally might feel an
interest in some short memoir of the reverend gentleman.

The Rev. Richard Johnson was of Magdalen College,
Cambridge, B. A. 1784, and presented by the crown to
the rectory of the united parishes of St. Antholin and
St. John Baptist in 1810, and was instituted to Ingham,
held by sequestration, in 1817. In the Wilherforce Cor-
respondence, there is a letter in vol. i. at page 15. from
the Rev. John Newton, 15 Nov. 1786 : " Who can tell
what important consequences may depend upon Mr. John-
son's * going to New Holland ? It inay seem but a small
event at present : — so a foundation stone when laid, is
small compared with the building to be erected upon it ;
but it is the beginning and the earnest of the whole," &c.
&c. ; and at p. 61., " Pretty man," writes Mr. Pitt, on
14 Oct. 1788, " has sent me your (Mr. Wilberforce's)
letter, mentionirtg the curate you have found [Mr. John-
son] for New Holland. I will take care of the business,
and let you know as soon as the stipend, &c. is fixed. I
conclude he will be read}', if he takes the charge, imme-
diately." There are several other notices in the Cor-
respondence of Mr. Johnson and the duties of the chap-
lain, but we will onlj' observe that while Mr. Johnson
singly laboured at that time in the vinej'ard, there are
now considerably above three hundred clergymen of the
Church of England officiating in Australia and New
Zealand. Mr. Johnson died on March 14, 1827, aged
72.— Ed.]

Inn Signs ly Eminent Artists (2°'^ S. viii. 77.) —
In the village of Newick in Sussex there is the
sign of a bull of the Sussex breed which was
painted by the late J. H. Hurdis, Esq., and pre-
sented by him to his neighbour, the host of the
" Bull and Butcher " there.

Mr. Hurdis was an intelligent and kind-hearted
man, and an ingenious artist. He studied en-

* " The first chaplain sent to New South Wales."

2°'> S. VIII. Sept. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

237

graving under the celebrated Sharpe, and many
of his works in that line are excellent. The sign
is very well painted, but time and the elements
are telling upon it. R. W. B.

Lord Fane : Count de Sails (2"^ S. viii. 186.)—
A reference to Sir Bernard Burke's Peerage (Ap-
pendix, Foreign Noblemen) supplies the infor-
mation Mr. Redmond desires. He will there find
that Jerome, second Count de Salis, married in
Jan. 1735, the Hon. Mary Fane, eldest daughter
of Charles Viscount Fane, by whom he was an-
cestor of the present Count.

This lady, on the decease, without issue, of her
brother Charles, last Viscount Fane, in 1772, suc-
ceeded to the estates of the Fane family in Ireland,
and her grandson Jerome, Count de Salis (a J. P.
and T). L. for Armagh and Middlesex), obtained
in Dec. 1835 a royal licence permitting him to
assume the name of Fane in addition to that of
De Salis, as the inheritor of the estates and next
male representative of Charles, last Viscount
Fane.

On the same authority we find (vide Cleve-
land) that William, younger son of Sir Chris-
topher Vane, Knight, created Lord Barnard,
"was elevated to the peerage of Ireland, 13 Oct.
1720, as Baron Duncannon and Viscount Vane,
honours which expired with his lordship's son and
successor, William, second Viscount, in 1789."

These two accounts differ both in the Christian
names of the peers (as to the sirname, it is written
Fane or Vane indifferently), and in the date of
the extinction of the peerage.

On the former point I find in the Liber Mune-
rum Hiberniae an abstract of the creation of —

" William Vane, Esq. (younger son of Christopher, the
first Lord Bernard in England) —

" Title — Viscount Vane in Ireland.

" Privy Seal, St. James's, June 12th, 1720 ; Patent,
Dublin, Sept. 13, 1720."

On the other hand, I find it stated in Collins's
Peerage by Brydges, vol. iv., that a sister of
James, first Earl Stanhope, married Charles Fane,
Esq., of Basleton, co. Berks, who was created
Lord Viscount Fane and Baron of Longhuyre
(sic), in the co. Limerick, in 1719.

How are these variations to be explained ? I
believe an account of extinct Irish peerages is
still a genealogical desideratum.

John Ribton Garstin.

Dublin.

Bartholomew Cokes (2"^ S. viii. 187.)— Your
correspondent will find, among the dramatis per-
sonce of Bartholomew Fair, " Bartholomew Cokes,
an Esquire at Harrow." A glance at the play
(e. g. Act I. Sc. 5. ; Act II. Sc. 4. and 5.) would
soon convince R. B. P. that B. Cokes, Esq. is a
very good representative of an empty-headed, vain
simpleton. Probably Crowne borrowed the word
from this play. Libya.

The Termination ^^-hat/ne" (2"* S. viii. 171.) —
Your querist may be assured that the instances of
the termination " -hayne," as applied to the names
of homesteads, is to be found in many other parts
of the county of Devon, as well as around Sid-
mouth. It cannot, therefore, have any reference
to the occupants of Blackbury camp, I take it,
like the termination "-layes," which is equally
common, to be the plural of the word hay, than
which there is no ending to the names of farms
used more frequently in the county. Hay is the
Anglo-Saxon hege, a hedge, fence, or enclosure,
and is in daily use in the more secluded parts of
the north of Devon. A hedge and its two ditches
are there called the " hay and ditchen," J. D. S.

It would have been desirable to know all those
names ending in -hayne. In the few which are
mentioned, this termination appears to be of
Saxon origin ; and I have little doubt that it is
a contraction of the Ang.-Sax. hagan, or hagum,
nomin. or dat. plur. of haga, which means a
thorn, a fence, a fenced piece of land. This de-
rivation becomes more plausible if we bear in
mind that the German Hain, which also occurs
as the second part of compound names of
places, is likewise a contraction of the Middle
High German hagen'=a. thorn, a hedge, an abatis,
which latter signification may perhaps also be ad-
mitted for the Anglo-Saxon haga, being particu-
larly convenient for localities in the neighbourhood
of an ancient castle. G. D,

Weapon-salve (2"'^ S. viii. 190.) — I have much
pleasure in attempting still farther to satisfy
Professor De Morgan on the authorship of the
Discours. The title of the French work does not
in any way indicate the seat of the " celebre assem-
blee" before which the lecture was pronounced.
But, at p. 69., speaking of the amazing ductility
of gold, the author thus expresses himself : —

" II est constant que par ce moyen, ce petit bouton
d'or peut estre tant ^tendu qu'il arrivera de cette Ville de
Montpellier h. Paris, et pourra meme passer au delk"

The translator. White, at p. 49. of my copy,
thus renders the original : —

" Let us do the like to all the rest of the beaten gold,
it will appear by this means this small button of gold
may be so extended, that it may reach from this city of
Montpellier to Paris, and far beyond it."

In the " Information to the Knowing Reader,"
prefixed to the translation, White says, " This
discourse was made lately (&:c.) in one of the most
famous academies of France;" and the passage
above cited would, without farther evidence, jus-
tify the announcement on the title of " Mont-
pellier" as the academy in question. Digby
himself may not have sanctioned the publication
of his lecture ; still less have superintended the
work. White, however, states in the same " In-
formation," that the facts and opinions " were .

238

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2'><« S. VIII. Sept. 17. '59.

delivered by way of oration, and taken in short-
writing upon the place as 'twas uttered." That
the work is genuine can hardly be doubted ; for
the translation is dedicated to Sir Kenelm's son,
" John Digbye, Esq.," which would be an incon-
ceivable impertinence were the original attributa-
ble to any person other than the knight himself."

R. S. Q.

Origin of the Judges Black Cap (2°^ S. viii.
130. 193.) — The meaning of the judge putting on
the black cap when passing sentence of death
will be obvious to every thinking person ; but I
should have asked in my former Query (p. 130.),
When do we first read of an English ]w\ge put-
ting it on ? I cannot believe in England it is a
very ancient custom. Surely when the sentence
of death was as common as it formerly was, it
could not be customary for the judge to go
through this solemnity, there being but little
solemnity about the sentence of death itself. We
cannot imagine Jeffries putting it on when passing
sentence on Sir Thomas Armstrong, or on any of
the miserable persons who perished during the
Bloody Assize, and there is no mention of the
custom to be found in any of the State Trials. It
does not seem likely that the nightcap of the
modern hangings is Ibunded on the Roman jirac-
tice, but more probably it arose wholly in a
civilised and humane age, and was first used to
hide the distortions of the criminal's face, and
for that use alone. Perhaps some of your readers
will be able to throw more light on the subject, —
more especially on the first use of the black cap
in England. W. O. W.

Side-saddles (2"* S. viii. 187.) — Stow's error
Las been constantly reproduced : as by Camden,
JRemaines ; Beckmann, Hist, of Inventions ; Pul-
leyn, Etym. Compend., &c. Mr. F. W. Fairholt,
in the first of his interesting papers on " Ancient
Carriages," in The Art Union Monthly Journal
(No. 106., p. 119., April, 1847), says : "riding on
side-saddles was in use by ladies in England
during the Saxon times." In proof of this asser-
tion he engraves an example (on p. 118.) of a lady
thus riding, copied from an A.-S. MS. ; and adds,
" that this fashion was continuous is shown by
the seal of Joanna de Stuteville appended to a
document dated 1227, who is represented riding
in a similar manner." It is engraved in the "first
volume of the Journal of Bi-it. Archceol. Assoc,
p. 145."

By the bye. Dean Trench says, in his Select
Glossary, p. 23. : —

" I do not know the history of the word * boot,' as de-
scribing one part of a carriage ; but it is plain that not
the luggage, but the chief persons, used once to ride in
the ' boot.' ■'

As so eminent an English scholar confesses his
Jack of information on this point, it may not be

superfluous to mention that the "boots" were the
two projections from the sides of the carriage ;
open to the air, and in which the occupants were
carried sideways. Such a " boot" is seen in the
carriage containing the attendants of Queen Eli-
zabeth in Hoefnagel's well-known picture of Non-
such Palace, dated 1582. Taylor the Water-poet,
the inveterate opponent of the introduction of
coaches, thus satirises the one in which he was
forced to take his place as a passenger ; —

" It wears two boots, and no spurs ;. sometimes having
two pairs of legs in one boot: and oftentimes, against
nature most preposterously, it makes fair ladies wear the
boot. Moreover, it makes people imitate sea-crabs, in
being drawn sideways ; as they are when thej' sit in the
boot of the coach." — C. Knight, Fictorial Half hours,
vol. i. p. 5G.

Ache.

Coham House, Sfc. (2"^ S. viii. 146.) — In
answer to the Query of W. C, I have no doubt
that Cokam House meant Colcombe House or
Castle, in the parish of Colyton, a mansion for-
merly the property of the Courtenay family, and
since of the Poles, Baronets, of Shute Park,
which is about two miles distant from it. The
place will be found mentioned in all the histories
of Devon.

Chideock (no doubt originally Chidwick) is a
village with a mansion-house in Dorsetshire, be-
tween Axminster and Bridport, and was formerly
the property of the Arundels. The castle at that
place, now destroyed, was occupied by the royal
party in 1644, and an unsuccessful attempt to
storm it was made by the parliamentary forces on
the 19th November, on which occasion they had
nine men killed and seven wounded. I cannot
find any place in the neighbourhood as the resi-
dence of Mr. Crewe (probably Carew), unless it
be Mohun's Ottery, seven or eight miles from
Shute. There is no such place as Wyrwail in the
east of Devon. It will perhaps be found in the
west of Dorset, for which I refer your corre-
spondent to Hutchins. " Lord Poulett's " was
Hinton St. George, near Crewkerne in Somer-
setshire. J- D. S.

Chideock (2""^ S. viii. 146.) is a tything, manor,
and hamlet, in the parish of Wliitchurcli-Canoni-
corum, in West Dorsetshire, and was formerly
possessed by the Arundells, ancestors of the pre-
sent Lord Arundell of Wardour. Leland spells
it Chidwick, CMdiock, Chidiok, and Chidioke, al-
most with the same dip of ink ; and Vicars, it
would seem, adds two more modes of spelling^ it,
viz., Chadwick and Chideok. Its identification
may help to ascertain Cokam, or Coxam, and
Wyrwail, of which I know nothing.

C. W. Bingham.

1 John, v. 7. (2"* S. viii. 175.)— Allow me to
correct an error in Mr. T. J. Buckton's article.
He says the "Vatican MS. . . . contests with that

2°'> S. VIII. Sept. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

239

at Cambridge the palm of antiquity. The latter
is referred to hj the letter A, and the term Alexan-
drine." The Alexandrine MS. is the one pre-
served in the Brit. Museum, while the one at
Cambridge is known as " Codex Bezae, sive D."

A.

Harry Sopliister (2"« S. viii. 86.)— There is no
difficulty as to the meaning of this expression. A
student at Cambridge, who has declared for Law
or Physic, may put on a full-sleeved gown, when
those of the same year, who go out at the regular
time, have taken their degree of Bachelor of Arts.
He is then styled a Harry-Soph, i. e. epLcrocpSs.
So says the Cambridge Calendar for the current
year. Wm. Matthews.

Cowgill.

• James Thomson (2"'^ S. viii. 50.) — I remember
reading, about thirty years ago, an article on the
poet Thomson in the (London) Monthly Magazine,
in which it was said that he was married, but
privately, to a woman in what he considered an
inferior station in life to his own. Uneda.

riiiladelphia.

Cambridge Costume (2"^ S. viii. 74. 191.) — It
is not customary, I believe, for any but heads of
Louses to wear the stole in chapel.

P. J. F. Gantillon.

Marriage Customs (2"^ S. viii. 186.) — In addi-
tion to the marriage customs alluded to by J. N.,
there is another yet lingering among the lower
classes in the West Riding of Yorkshire, — that
of throwing the stocking. After the married
couple has retired, or as the common phraseology
is, " got bedded," the guests enter the room, and
standing with their backs to the foot of the bed,
each throw a stocking over the left shoulder at
the bride, who during this ceremony must sit up ;
the first who can hit her is adjudged to be next
married.

This practice must be anything but pleasant to
the more modest damsels ; but so pertinaciously
do the peasantry cling to the custom, that long
and strong has sometimes been the strife for ad-
mission to the bridal chamber when the parties
have refused to submit to it, and many have been
the schemes resorted to (assisted by the elder
dames) to slip ofi' to bed unobserved.

There is yet another, viz. the hen-drinking.
On the evening of the wedding day the young
men of the village call upon the bridegroom for a
hen — meaning money for refreshments; which
having obtained, they have a merrymaking on
that or some subsequent evening in honour of the
occasion, &c. ; but should the hen be refused, the
inmates may expect some ugly trick to the house
ere the festivities terminate — perhaps find the
chimney-top and the door fastened up at the same
time. Hen is by some supposed to be a corrup-
tion of " end," to distinguish this from former con-

tributions levied in the shape of pitcher-money,
given by the swain as a fee to secure the freedom
of visiting his sweetheart at all times without let
or hindrance.

These, and the other practices mentioned by
J. N., are observed here ; but, like him, I never
could come at any satisfactory conclusion as to
their origin.

No doubt the love of fun, frolic, and carousal,
so inherent to the English peasantry, contributes
more than anything to keep up the practices,
though they may have originated in far different
circumstances. C. F.

Wakefield.

Liverpool, SfC. (2"^^. viii. 110. 198.) — The
etymology of Liverpool is a vexed question. It is
noticeable that there is a relationship among the
names in \vh\ch. Liver is a component, — a rela-
tionship which extends farther than the first two
syllables. Thus I find, Li'ivev-mcre, h'wer-more
(probably moor), hher-pool, hiver-sedge, and,
which is the same, hiver-sage. This does not sug-
gest to me any clue to the derivation or origin of
Liver in these cases ; but it is noticeable that it
appears always to stand in a certain class of rela-
tionships,— mere, moor, pool, and sedge. Perhaps
some one can give other examples from the names
of persons or places. B. H. C.

I am much obliged to Rev. Thomas Boys for
his communication, which has led me to inspect
the Diary again carefully, and I am satisfied that
it is Lerpoole, as he has conjectured. It is curi-
ous, however, that so good an argument can be,
made for Cespoole as an old name for Liverpool.
It is said in a petition from Chester of 1602,
printed in Baines's Hist, of Lancashire (iv. 73.),
that " the town of Liverpoole is but a creek of
the port of Chester." W. C.

" Wirried at a steack " (2"^ S. viii. 58.) — I thank
Z. for his explanation of this phrase ; and I frankly
confess the ignorance which he, in his courtesy,
hesitates to impute to me. But I was misled by
Mr. S. Collet, in whose Relics of Litet-ature, p.l58.,
I had met with the report of the case referred to.
To the words above quoted, he has appended the
following editorial footnote : — "Worried like a bull
or a badger by dogs in human shape." My common
sense rejected this figurative interpretation of a
solemn judicial sentence ; and I thus fell into an
error of another kind. I mention this as a warn-
ing to the tyro, how little dependence is to be
placed upon the glosses of some editors ; who,
indeed, often favour us with " comments harder
than the text." Ache.

Theocritus and Virgil (2"* S. i. 472.) — I can

now partly reply to my own Query by referring

to Gebauer, de Poetarum Grcecorum Bncolico7'iim.

Carminibus a Virgilio adumbratis. ^^

P. J. F. Gantillon.

240

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«"» S. VIII, Sept, 17, '59.

MiiceViantaug.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Stones of Etruria and 3Iarbles of Ancient Rome ;
or Remarks on Ancient Roman and Etruscan Architecture
and Remains, the Result of recent Studies on the Spot.
Partly read at the Institute of British Architects. By
George L. Taylor, Architect. (Longman & Co.)

Mr. Taylor, the author of The Aiitiquities of Rome (of
which, by the bye, he announce.s a new edition with the
addition of the antiquities discovered since 1820), gives us
in this nicely illustrated quarto volume the results of a
second visit paid by him to the Eternal City after an
interval of nearly forty years — during which period,
he remarks, the 'monuments which he saw, drew, and
published, have deteriorated much ; but he adds that
during the same period much* has been done in the
way of excavating and bringing to light objects of
the greatest interest and importance. It is impos-
sible, in our limited space, to point out how well Mr.
Taylor shows us page by page how "parlan le tombe
e mura, ove la storia e muta " — but to all who take an
interest in the study of Rome and Etruria, to the scho-
lar who regards Ancient Eome as the cradle of mo-
dern civilisation — to the antiquary who looks upon
Eome as the great centre of all knowledge — to those
who have visited Rome as a pleasant remembrancer of
sunny hours spent among its beautiful ruins — to those
to whom fate has denied that pleasure, as some compensa-
tion for their loss, Mr. Taylor's volume cannot fail of
being very acceptable.

The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, Inventor of
the Spinni?ig Machine called the Mule ; being the Substance
of Two Papers read to the Members of the Bolton Me-
chanics^ Institution. By Gilbert T. French, (Simpkia &
Marshall.)

Called upon in his capacity as President of the Bolton
Mechanics' Institution to make arrangements for the de-
liver^'^ of a series of Lectures to the Members of it, Mr.
French set the example of giving gratuitous Lectures,
and selected for his subject a native and townsman of
Bolton, who by his ingenuity and perseverance had en-
riched, not only his birthplace, tut his native country, to
an unparalleled extent ; and yet who had been by that
town and that country most strangely neglected, most
grievously misused. That the life and times of Samuel
Crompton, the inventor of the Mule, which has been the
means of giving employment to so manj' thousands, and of
creating so many princely fortunes, should be favourably
received by Mr. French's auditors, can be readilj' be-
lieved. For the narrative is one which may be read with
pleasure by all who take an interest in the History of
English Manufactures, and with profit by all for the use-
ful moral which Mr. French draws from the disregard
paid by Crompton to the obvious duty of acquiring a
knowledge of our fellow men.

The Friends, .Foes, and Adventures of Lady 3Iorgan.
(Kelly, Dublin.)

Those who took up the Irish Quarterly Review of last
July will remember the pleasant, genial, and gossiping
paper on that most brilliant of Ireland's daughters,
Sydney Lady Morgan, and be well pleased to learn that
it has been reprinted in a separate form. The writer,
who is understood to be Mr. Fifzpatrick (a gentleman to
whom the readers of " N, & Q." have been frequentlj-
indebted), tells us that his object has been rather to as-
sist the researches of an accomplished English lad^' ^v-ho
is understood to be gathering materials for the life of Lady
^[organ, than to put himself forward as the biographer
^r liis gifted countrywoman : he has, be his motives

what they maj', succeeded in throwing much new and
interesting light upon Lady Morgan's early life and la-
bours, and produced a book creditable to her memory and
to his own talents. Mr. Fitzpatrick's valuable Note on
the Cornwallis Papers gave evidence of the store of curious
materials for the literarj' and political history of Ireland
which he has at his command ; and the present volume
encourages us to hope that we may soon be favoured
with fresh evidence of his readiness and ability to make
use of them.

Books Received. —

Surnames metrically arranged and classified, with an
introductory Inquiry into their Origin and Use. By
Thomas Clark, Esq. (Simpkin, Marshall & Co.)

This may be said to be a versification of Mr. Lower's
admirable Essay on Family Nomenclature, — an endeavour
to tell in homely rhyme

" Whence do our names originate.
And from what era take their date."

Routledge's Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev-
J. G. Wood, M.A., &c. With New Designs by Wolf, Har-
vey, Weir, &c. Part VI. (Routledge, Warne, & Co.)

This Sixth Part — being in a great measure devoted to
the natural history of the Dog, and admirably illustrated
with drawings of the various species — will add to the
great popularity which this work has already attained.

The Poetical Worhs of Thomas Moore. People's Edi-
tion. Part the Sixth. (Longman & Co.)

This Part contains some of the best of Moore's satirical
writings — The Fudge Family in Paris ; The Fudges in
England ; Fables for the Holy Alliance ; and Rhymes on
the Road.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom tliey are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

D. Ivcpton's History op Modern Protestant Divines. London. 1637.
J. Philipp's Gkoroii Regno Honores. 1724.
Diary op Philip Horslowk (Shakspeare Society's Publication.)
"Wanted by Jiev. C. J. Jtobinsbn, Sevenoaks, Kent.

VlEY

I's PoBTUOUESE DICTIONARY. 2 VolS. 8V0.

Wanted by Uichardson Brothers, 23. Comhill, London.

^aiitti t0 Corr0)Sjj0ntfenW.

Among other articles of intcrestwhich we have been compelled to omit
from the present No. are Sir G. C. Lewis on The Lion m Italy ; Mr.
Brent on King John and the Jews in Canterbury ; and Mr. CresicelVs
List of Books printed at Nottingliam.

Mr. John Nurse Chadwick, of King's Lynn, is desirous of finding a
Correspondent willing to make searches in the Registers of Sheffield.

C. J. B. Dorothy Selby'a Epitaph is printed in " N. & Q." 2nd 8. ii.
p. 248. ; and at pp. 314. 415. of same volume is some interesting Cor-
respondence on the subject of lier claim to have " disclosed that plot " —
the Gunpowder Plot.

P. The exhibition and sale of the remaining pictures of the Orleans
Gcdlery {not including those purchased bi/ the Duke of Bridgewater') took
place the latter end of March, \79S. Gent. Mag., Mar. 1799, p. 183.;
and Jameson's Private Picture Galleries, pp. xxx. 82.

W. T. Pelcr Paragraph, dramatised by Footc, was George Paulkner,
the Dublin printer.

J. A. P— N. Most biographical dictionaries (except Knight's) contain
an account ofBisliop John Cosin, especially Kiripis's. See also a Memoir
of him by the Rev. J. S. Brewer, prefixed to The History of Transub-
stantiation, l2mo. 1840. The bishop's sealis Frelty in a bordure. Ash-
mole MS, 8585. gives Az., a fret Or; but Surtees's Durliam, Arg., a fret
Az,

J. H. Van Lennep. The MS. has been sent to the gentleman named by
you.

" Notes and Qoehies" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
iisued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
■Sir Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (.including the Half-
yearly Inobi) is lU. 4(?., which mav be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of -Messrs. Bell and DALDy,lS6. Fleet Street, E.G.; to whom
all CoMMDNicAiioi«5 FOR THE Editob should be addressed.

2n«i S. VIII. Sept. 24. '39.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

241

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24. 1859.

No. 195. — CONTENTS.

NOTES ! — The Lion in Italy, by Sir G. C. Lewis, 241— Folk Lore :
One Magpie ^ Warts — Bees — Cliristmas Eve — Sickening Calte —
Rustic Superstition — Saints' Days — Custom at Farn borough — Eng-
lisli and Foreign Custom of Eating Goose. 242 — King Julm and the
Jews in Canterbury, by John Brent, 243 — County Libraries, by Rev.
S. F. Creswell, 244 — Flyleaf Scribblings, 245 — Charter of Alexander

n., Jb.

Minor Notes : — Rosenfeldians and Mormonites _ Epigram on Coisar
Borgia — Walliing Stewart — Bearded Women, 246.

QXJERIES : —Biblical Conjecture-Notes : the right Date of the Epistle
to the Ilebrews, by I"rancis Barham, 247 — Lady Curloss's Dream,
by Lady I3ulwer Lytton, 247.

Minor Qoeries: — "La Thi^baide: " Remy's "La Pucelle " — Jasper
Runic King — Dr. Thomas Brett — Archiepiscopal Mitre — Baron of
Beef at Windsor — Shawl, at Leybourn — The Frog a Symbol —
Dyche's English Dictionary, by Wm. Purdon — Cran brook Grammar
School — Battens — Bell Metal — Norton Family, &c., 248.

Minor Qokries with Answers: — An Almery — Gog and Magog

" Horn Childe : Child Horn " — Lobster, a Nickname for Soldier-
Heraldic: Arms of Greig — Leslie's Answer to Abp. King, 251.

REPLIES : — Major Duncanson and the Massacre of Glencoe, by T.
Carter, *c., 252 — " Tlie Wren Song," by Sir J. Emerson Tennent, &c.
253 — Henry Smitli, by B. H. Cowper, 254.

Replirs to Minor Queries : — " Life is before ye! " — Eiford — Super-
Altars— Vales of Red and White Horse- John Anderson — Marat
— Ballop- Scotch Genealogies — Extraordinary Birtli — Liverpool,
Cespoole, Lerpoole — The Vulgate of 1 482 — Pill-garUck — Very —
" O whar got ye Siat bonnie blue bonnet," &c., 255.

THE LION IN ITALY.

The prodigies which immediately preceded the
assassination of Julius Caesar are described in the
following passages : Suet, Cces. 81. ; Val. Max.,
i. 6. 13.; ib. 7. 2.; Obsequens, c. 127. (67.);
Plut. Cces., 63.; Appian, B.C. ii. 115.; Dio
Cass., xliv. 17. Compare Virg. Georg., i. 466.
They were: 1. A dream of Csesar himself, that
he had been carried up into the clouds, and had
taken Jupiter by the right hand. 2. A dream of
his wife Calphurnia, that their house had fallen in,
and that he had been wounded by assassins, and
had taken refuge in her bosom. 3. The arms of
Mars, deposited in his house, rattled at night. 4.
The doors of the room where he slept flew open
spontaneously. 5. The victims and birds were
inauspicious. 6. Solitary birds appeared in the
forum. 7. There were lights in the sky and noc-
turnal noises. 8. Fiery figures of men were seen ;
a flame issued from the hand of a soldier's slave
without hurting him. 9. After the murder of
Caesar, it was remembered that the attendant re-
moved his gilded chair from the senate room,
thinking that he would not attend the meeting.

Shakspeare, in the play of Julius Ccesar, intro-
duces Casca relating to Cicero the prodigies seen
on this occasion. He first describes a violent
thunderstorm, and next proceeds thus; —
" A common slave (you know him well bj' sight),
Held up his left hand, which did flame, and burn
Like twenty torches joined ; and yet his hand,
Not sensible of fire, remained unscorched.
Besides (I have not since put up mj' sword),
Against the Capitol J met a lion.
Who glared upon me, and went surly by.
Without annoying me ; and there were drawn

Upon a heap a hundred ghastly women,
Transformed with their fear, who swore they saw
Men, all on fire, walk up and down the streets.
And yesterday the bird of night did sit,
Even at noonday, upon the market place,
. Hooting and shrieking." — Act I. Sc. 3.

Lower down, in the same scene, Cassias alludes
to the prodigy of the lion in the Capitol : —

" . . . . Now could I, Casca,
Name to thee a man most like this dreadful night,
That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars
As doth the lion in the Capitol."

In a subsequent scene, Calphurnia relates other
prodigies to CaDsar : —

" CaBsar, I never stood on ceremonies,
Yet now they fright me. There is one within,
Besides the things that we have heard and seen,
Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch.
A lioness hath whelped in the streets.
And graves have yawned, and yielded up their dead ;
Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds
In ranks and squadrons and right form of war,
Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol.
The noise of battle hurtled in the air,
Horses did neigh, and d3'ing men did groan,
And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the streets."

Act II. Sc. 2.
The prodigies of the lion in the Capitol, and of
the lioness whelping in the streets of Rome, do not
occur in any ancient writer, and were introduced
by Shakspeare himself. Their introduction proves
him to have overlooked the fact that the lion was
never a native of Italy.

Lucretius, in a passage of his fifth book, de-
scribes the nature of men and animals as showing
itself from their birth, and he thus speaks of the
young of leopards and lions : —

"•At catuli pantherarum scj'mnique leonum
Unguibus ac pedibus jam turn morsuque repugnant,
Vix etiam cum sunt dentes unguesque creati."

V. 1034-6.
It may be doubted whether this statement was
founded upon observation, and whether Lucretius
ever saw the young of the leopard and the lion.
Certainly, the lion's whelps which were exhibi'ted
a few years ago in this country appeared tame
and good-natured, and quite devoid of the ferocity
which is the attribute of the full-grown animal.

In a subsequent passage of the same book, he
speaks of the early generations of mankind as
using savage animals for the purposes of war : —
" Tentarunt etiam tauros in moenere belli,
Expertique sues ssevos sunt mittere in hostes.
Et validos partim prae se misere leones,
Cum doctoribus armatis saevisque magistris,
Qui moderarier his possint vinclisque tenere."

V. 1306-10.
In the following verses (v. 1311-27.) he de-
scribes this experiment as unsuccessful, because
these animals turned upon their own men, and
destroyed them. Lucretius states elsewhere in
the same book that his illustrations of primitive
society were not derived from any historical re- '

242

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. Sept, 24. '59.

cord or tradition, but were founded on mere sup-
positions of probability. He represents the arts
of writing and poetry to have arisen simultane-
ously with civil society, agriculture, and naviga-
tion : —

" Carminibus cum res gestas coepere poetae
Tradere ; nee multo prius sunt elementa reperta.
Propterea quid sit prius actum respicere aetas
Nostra nequit, nisi qua ratio vestigia monstrat."

V. 1442-5.

The idea that lions were used in war is doubt-
less one of these hypotheses ; and it is a hypothesis
which probably never had any foundation in
reality.

It may be remarked, in connexion with the
occurrence of the lion in Northern Greece, that
he appears on the coins of several towns in that
region, though otherwise this symbol is only found
on Greek coins in connexion with Hercules. Thus
some of the coins of Acanthus, in Chalcidice, re-
present a lion killing an ox ; of Apollonia, in
Mydonia, a lion's head ; of Cardia, in Thrace, a
lion walking; of Chersonesus, in Thrace, the
head and neck of a lion ; of Lysimachia, in Thrace,
a lion's head. (See Leake's Numismata Hellenica,
"N. & Q,.," 2"« S. viii. 81.)

Dr. Clarke, in his Travels in Greece, Egypt,
and the Holy Land (vol. iii. pp. 170. 172., ed. 8vo.,
1817), describes his ascent of Mount Gargarus in
the Troad, and states that he saw on the snow the
footsteps of an animal, which the guides assured
him were the footsteps of a tiger. He adds that
leopards are likewise found in this wild region ;
and that when they are killed, the inhabitants are
bound to take the skin to the Pasha of the Dar-
danelles. Leopards are still found near the coast
of Asia Minor, and are not rare : but the tiger is
not a native of any country west of the Indus, and
the footsteps seen by Dr. Clarke were certainly
not those of ji tiger. G. C, Lewis.

FOLK LORE.

One Magpie. — An old college friend of mine
invariably took off his hat when one crossed the
road, to propitiate the ill-omened bird ; and a lady
of my acquaintance to this day, under similar cir-
cumstances, makes a cross on the ground with her
foot to ward off the threatened ill-luck.

Warts. — When I was a child I was a good
deal troubled with warts, which were, I fancy,
more common forty years ago than they are now,
and my old nurse, a Kentish woman, directed me
to watch the opportunity when a funeral was
passing, and then wetting the fore-finger with
saliva to rub the wart three times in the same
direction, saying on each occasion, " My wart go
with you," taking care that the incantation was
unobserved. I cannot, however, bear testimony
to its success.

Bees. — An old blacksmith in this county
(Cheshire) lamented to me the other day the ill-
success which attended his beekeeping ever since
the death of his wife, attributing it to his having
neglected to turn the hives round when that event
occurred. Here we see the union of two super-
stitions : the ill-luck said to attend upon not in-
forming the hives of the death, and the still
commoner superstition, that by turning your chair
round you change your fortune at cards.

N.B. The same man refused to sell me a hive.

Christmas Eve. — I have been told in Lanca-
shire that at midnight on Christmas Eve the cows
fall on their knees, and the bees hum the Hun-
dredth Psalna. I am unwilling to destroy the
poetry of these old superstitions, but their origiii
can, i think, be accounted for. Cows, as it is well
known, on rising from the ground get up on their
knees first ; and a person going into the " Ship-
pon " at midnight would no doubt disturb the
occupants, and, by the time he looked round, they
would all be rising on their knees. The buzzing
of the bees, too, might easily be formed into a
tune ; and, with the Hundredth Psalm running in
the head of the listener, fancy would supply the
rest. Wellbank.

Sickening Cake. — In the North Riding of York-
shire, at the birth of the first child, the first slice
of the " sickening cake " is cut into small pieces by
the medical man, to be used by the unmarried as
dreaming-bread. Each takes a piece, places it in
the foot of the left stocking, and throws it over
the right shoulder. She must retire to and get
into bed backways without speaking, and if she
falls asleep before twelve o'clock, her future part-
ner will appear in her dream,

C, J. D. Ingledew.

Rustic Superstition. —

" It 'ud ha' been better luck if they'd ha' buried him i'
the forenoon, when the rain was fallin' : there's no lilce-
lihood of a drop now : an' the moon lies lilte a boat there.
That's a sure sign of fair weather." — • Ada?n Bede, vol. ii.
p. 23., 1st edit.

To what piece of folk-lore does the above pas-
sage refer ? And to what part of the country
does it belong ?

When is the moon said to be like a boat ? A.

Saints' Days. — In various parts of the country
there are still in use certain distichs relating to
saints' days, connecting them with the weather,
and other material facts which occur about the
time of their celebration. Thus we have : —
" St. Barnaby bright ! St. Barnaby bright !
The longest day and the shortest night."

June 11th (Old Style).
" St. Thomas gray ! St. Thomas gray !
The longest night and the shortest day."

December 21st.
" St. Bartholomew,
Bring'st the cold dew."

August 21th.

2"^ S. VIII. Seft. 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

243

In Herefordshire the weather on 6r about St.
James's day (July 25th) is said to influence the
hop, which is largely grown in that county, in
some way ; but 1 forget the distich.

Perhaps some of your correspondents who are
able may be willing to record more of such verses
(of which there are many) as relate to the periods,
if not to the influence, of saints' days, before they
be irrecoverably lost. A. F.

Custom at Farriborough. — I extract the fol-
lowing from the Manchester Courier, July 23 : —

" The stranger who chances to attend divine service in
Farnborough parish church on the Sunday next after
the Feast of St. Peter, has his attention arrested by the
floor of the porch being strewed with reeds. By an ab-
stract of the will of George Dalton, gent., of Farnborough,
dated December 3rd, 1556, set forth on a mural tablet in
the interior of the church, he learns that this gentleman
settled a perpetual annuity of 13s. Ad. chargeable upon
his lands at Tuppendence — 10s. to the preacher of a ser-
mon on the Sunday next after the Feast of St. Peter, and
3s. 4</. to the poor. Local traditional lore affirms that
Mr. Dalton was saved from drowning by reeds, and that
the annual sermon and odd manner of decorating the
porch are commemorative of the event. Keed-day, or
flag-day, as it is indifierently called by the inhabitants
of the village, recurred on Sunday last, July 3rd, and
was duly honoured after the customary mode, which has
obtained for nearly 300 years." — Maidstone Gazette.

LiBTA.

English and Foreign Custom of eating Goose.
— Why do the English eat goose on St. Michael's
Day, and other Teutonic nations on St. Martin's
Day ? And why is Luther (who was born on St.
Martin's Eve) often represented with a goose ?

Fba. Mewburn.

KING JOHN AND THE JEWS IN CANTERBURY.

King John, whose reputation, neither as a
monarch nor a man, had ever a " sweet savour "
in history, possessed nevertheless a certain sort of
popularity among the lower classes of his subjects.
At all events, he holds in the popular songs and
legends a rather more favourable position than he
does in any other records.

No man was fonder of jests and revelry : con-
tinually wandering up and down his dominions
during the whole of his disgraceful reign, it is
possible that he may have become popular among
a class whose humour was not the most refined,
and whose appreciation of character, in a king at
least, was not the most correct.

In him posterity has recognised both a bad man
and a bad king; but the commonalty, in olden
times at least, was not fastidious : and as certain
emperors of Rome once sought to obtain popu-
larity from the " plebs," by exhibiting themselves
as gladiators, so John might not always have
avoided making mirth and amusement for the
people, when he sought recreation for himself, in
practical jokes and in low buSbonery.

This monarch was occasionally at Canterbury.

From this city he proceeded to Dover on his dis-
graceful mission to resign the crown of England to
Pandulf, the Pope's Legate. According to the
itinerary of his journeys, he appears to have pro-
ceeded in a dilatory and tortuous manner, on his
royal road to degradation.

From Canterbury he departed on the 6th of
May, 1213, to Ewell, a hamlet situated about three
miles from Dover. Here he remained a short
time, and on the seventh day he went to Dover,
returning to Ewell the same evening. As the
Knights Templars had a house in this neighbour-
hood, he probably took up his quarters with them,
abiding here twelve days : thence he went to
Wingham, about ten miles across- the country, in
a somewhat retrograde direction ; then back again
to Dover ; thence to Wingham again, and then,
avoiding Canterbury, his degradation being con-
summated, he slunk away round to Chilham Castle.
The next day he went to Ospringe, thence to
Rochester, then back again to Chilham, and thence
to Battle. These peregrinations occupied about
thirty-nine days. The delay at Ewell after his
submission to the Pope was no doubt occasioned
by his waiting for his sceptre, which Pandulf is
said to have retained for five days.

King John addressed many special communi-
cations to his "good city of Canterbury," and
honoured it by levying sundry exactions on its
inhabitants.

A.D. 1205, he gives a mill at Canterbury " to
his beloved clerk, Master Peter de Inglesham."

A.D. 1212, he demands of the Prajpositi and
good men of Canterbury, if they will love him,
eighty men armed, of the best men of Canterbury,
to be sent to him at Westminster.

A.D. 1214, he writes from Rochelle, demand-
ing a special contribution from Canterbury on
account of the Pope's interdict having been re-
laxed.

A.D. 1215, he demands a supply of pike heads*,
as many as possible, to be sent without delay to
Rochester ; and that all the smiths of the city be
taken off all other work whatever, and work night
and day, to expedite this demand.

The same year he demands a quantity of wheels^
or wheeled carriages for his use. -

He takes away certain houses belonging to the
Jews at Canterbury, and among others he presents
to William de Waren, Earl of Surry, " the house
belonging to Benedict, the little Jew, and to Isaac,
his brother of Canterbury, in Jewry, London."

John, it is well known, considered the Jews of
England as his special property, and although he
at times protected them against the encroachments
of others, and even naively observed in reference
to this people, in one of his decrees to the city of
London, " that if it were a dog, and he had taken
him under his protection, he would defend him ; "

[* Ficoisios, i. e. pickaxes ? — Ed. ]

244

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.

he never spared them when his own wants were to
be gratified.

He would give away their houses and chattels
with impunity ; sometimes to the most unworthy
favourites, in liquidation of a gambling debt, or as
a reward for an after-dinner jest. Sometimes one
Jew was robbed for the advantage of another :
thus he bestowed upon Abram, the cross-bowman,
a Jew, the house of one Isaac, son of Jacob, and
Bona his wife, at Canterbury.

Many Jews appear from an early date to have
resided at Canterbury ; the designation " Jury
Lane " suggests the locality they inhabited.

It is not perhaps generally known that the Jews
formed part of the population of England even in
Anglo-Saxon times. In a charter of WitglafF, a
king of Mercia, conceded to the monks of Croy-
land, the Jews are recognised as holding, or having
held, possessions. This charter, if authentic, was
granted a.d. 833. In the "Canonical Excerptions,"
published by Egbricht, Archbishop of York, a.d.
740, Christians are forbidden to be present at
Jewish feasts.

The exact period at which the Jews entered
this country is uncertain. A brick of Roman
manufacture is said to have been found in some
excavations in London, having in relief a repre-
sentation of Sampson driving the foxes into a field
of corn. From this very doubtful evidence it has
been supposed that the Jews, after the destruc-
tion of Jerusalem, -extended their wanderings to
Britain, when under subjection to Rome.

From the time of William the Conqueror to the
18th Edward the First, when the Jews were ex-
pelled the kingdom, they suffered almost every
variety of extortion and oppression, paying for the
commonest rights of mankind, justice and protec-
tion, the most exorbitant sums.

King John for a few years relaxed this cruel
policy, and gave them a charter of protection ; in
the eleventh year of his reign, however, he recalled
this grant, althou^jh he had received for it four
thousand marks, and suddenly ordered all the Jews
in Enifland to be imprisoned until they had made
a disclosure of their wealth.

The Jews were the earliest bankers and money
lenders ; and as from the precariousness of their
possessions, and from the general insecurity of all
property in the Middle Ages, they demanded a
high rate of interest, they might fairly be classed
as usurers.

Henry III. prohibited them from taking more
than twopence a week for every twenty shillings
they lent the scholars at Oxford.

The Jews at Canterbury were probably not
more liberal than their countrymen elsewhere :
Peter of Blois, Archdeacon of Bath, complains of
" being dragged to Canterbury to be crucified by
the perfidious Jews;" he had borrowed money of
them, and he writes to his friend the Bishop of
Ely, begging him to interfere for his protection,

beseeching 'him " to become bound to Sampson,
the Jew, for six pounds," which he says, " I owe
him, and thereby deliver me from this cross." The
figurative cross to which the worthy archdeacon
alluded became a material one with the antiquary,
William Somner, historian of Canterbury, who
believed that the Jews crucified every child they
could get at about Christmas.

King John, whose name we have introduced in
connexion with the Jews of Canterbury, issued
some decrees so extraordinary and unkinglike,
that we are tempted to introduce one or two as
they are recorded in the Close or Patent Rolls.

In one missive he sends to the knights, barons,
and freeholders of Sussex, begging they would
assist in carrying his timber to Lewes, assuring
them " that he asks the same as a favour, and not
as a right, so that it may not be turned into a
custom for their prejudice."

Occasionally he usurped high spiritual powers,
transcending even the attributes of the Pope him-
self. Thus by " letters patent " he gives a licence
to a certain Peter Buillo " to enter into any reli-
gion* he pleases."

He had a most exalted opinion of his preroga-
tive, and in another decree threatens all who dis-
obey him, " that thereby they will incur not only
the anger of God, but every curse by which an
anointed and consecrated king can curse."

The " anointed king " then orders on another
occasion, " that Peter the clerk be exchanged for
Ferrand the cross-bowman, if sound ; but if dis-
membered, Peter be dismembered also." " Men
were fined," says Hallam, " for the king's good
will, or that he would remit his anger, or to have
his mediation with their enemies." Fines were
levied in mere sport, and their exaction was
decreed in the public records of the kingdom.
Thus, as Hume informs us, " the Bishop of Win-
chester paid a tun of wine to King John for not
reminding him to give a girdle to the Countess of
Albemarle," and Robert de Vaux gave his five
best palfreys to the king, " that he would hold
his peace about Henry Pinel's wife."

John Bbekt.

Canterbury.

COUNTT UBBABIES.

" It will also be of advantage — often in more ways
than one — to collect the productions of local printers on
whatever subject, however trivial, especially if the town
or city have been the seat of an early press." — Edwards's
Memoirs of Libraries, vol. ii. p. 574.

Such works give very interesting glimpses of
the spread of feeling and information, and, in this
respect, the study is more profitable than that of
local numismatics.

The list below is one of books and pamphlets in

[* Meaning probably a religious order.— Ed,]

2°d S. VIII. Sept. 24 '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

245

my possession printed at Nottingham up to seventy years ago ; the names, however, of those marked
with an asterisk were those of the sellers only.

Author, Editor, etc.

TiTLB, ETC.

Printer, etc.

John Barret, M.A.

The Christian Temper.

*Samuel Richards, 1678.

Daniel Chadwick.

Sermon. Mai. iii. 16.

*John Richards, 1698.

John Whitlock.

That Great Duty, &c.

♦John Richards, 1698.

John Whitlock and Jo. W., Junior.

The Remahis of Mr. Joseph Barrett.

*John Richards, 1700.

John Barrett, M.A.

A Discourse concerning Pardon of Sin.

* Hannah Richards, 1703.

Edward Clarke, M.A.

Thanksg. Sermon. Ps. Ixiv. 9, 10.

*Gervas Sulley, 1703.

J. Barret.

Legacy of a Dying Minister.

J. CoUyer, 1713.

J. Collyer, 2d ed. 1713.

Fr. Stanley.

Christianity Indeed.

Robert Marsden, B.D.

Assize Sermon. Gal. iv. 18.

*W. Ward, 1713.

A Lover of all hearty and cha-

A Vindication of Presbyterian Ordi-

J. Collyer, 1714.

ritable Protestants.

nation.

Daniel Robinson, Piiilomusic.

An Essay upon Vocal Musick.

J. Collyer, 1715.

Samuel Berdmore, M.A.

Assize Sermon. 1 Cor. x. 10.

*William Ward, 1715.

Samuel Berdmore, M.A.

Arty. Comp. Sermon. Gal. iv. 18.

*John Collyer, 1716.

Richardus Johnson.

Aristarchus Anti-Bentleianus.

Gulielmus Ayscough, 1717.

Jolin Killingbeck, B.D.

Eighteen Sermons.

Will. Ayscough, 1717.

Abr. Jeacock.

Sermon. Acts xvi. 31.

John Collyer, at the Hen-Cross. 1721.

Anon.

A Copy of a Poll .... Co. of Netting.

Anne Ayscough, 1722.

John Disney.

Sermon. 2 Sam. xxiii. 3.

* William Ward, 1724.

Charles Cotton, Esq.

The Wonders of the Peak.

John Collyer, 1725.

R. W., a Lover of Divine Musick.

The Excellent Use of Psalmody.

George Ayscough and *Richard Willis in
Bearwood Lane, 1734.

A Tradesman.

Serious Advice.

Tho. Collyer, near the Hen-Cross, 1734.

John Foss, A.M.

Assize Sermon. Matth. vil. 12.

•William Ward, 1735.

C. Deering, M.D.

Catalogus Stirpium, &c.

G. Ayscough, 1738.

Rev. Mr. Henson.

A New Latin Grammar.

G. Ayscough, 1744.

John Cheshire, M.B.

The Gouty Man's Companion.

G. Ayscough, 1747.

Robert Barber, Castleton.

David's Harp well Tuned,

•Joseph Heath, 1753.

Anon.

Nottingham Poll-Book.

Samuel Creswell in the Market-Place, and
sold by Mr. Ward Bookseller, near the
While-Lion, H-M.

Samuel Hammond.

A new Introduction to Learning.

Samuel Creswell, N D.

John Bunyan.

The Pilgrim's Progress.

S. Creswell, New Change, 31st ed. N. D.

W. Salmon, Gent.

Memoirs of. . . . Frederick III.

Sam. Creswell, and sold by J. Deacres, 17.59.

Matthew Pilkington, LL.B.

Sermon, Genesis xvii. 2.

Samuel Creswell in the New-Change, 1760.

A Scheme .... Navigation fromT

Tetney-Haven to Louth . . . . j-
Report. 3
Rev. Lemuel Abbott.

John Grundy, John Smeaton, engineer.

Samuel Creswell, 1761.

Poems .... A short Essay.

Samuel Creswell, 1765.

Anon.

Nottingham Poll-Book.

Printed by George Burbage, for S. Creswell
and G. Burbage ; also sold by Mr Ward,
and Mr Heath, Booksellers in Notting-
ham, 1774.

John Barrett.

Sermon. Job xix. 25, 26, 27.

•Joseph Heath, 1777.

Anon.

The Methodist.

G. Burbage's Office on the Long.Row, 1780.

A. Goodrick.

Popms.

G. Burbage on the Long-Row, 1780.

John Edwards, Esq.

The Patriot Soldier.

Samuel Tupman, Bookseller, 1784.

H. Rooke.

A Narrative .... Revolution House.

Samuel Tupman, 1788.

Robert Blair.

•The Grave.

W. Gray, opposite the Hen- Cross, 1789.

Mr. Gray.

An Elegy.

W. Gray, opposite the Hen-Cross, 1789.

Badford, Nottingham.

S. F. Creswell.

TLTLBAP SCRIBBLINGS.

1. Exorcism from an English MS. of the
twelfth century, lately in my possession : —
" + In noe patris quesivi te.

+ In noe filii inveni te.

+ In noe sps sci delebo te.
" + Circumcingat_te pater + circumcingat te filius +
circumcingat te sps scs. + Destruat te pater + destruat te
filius + destruat te sps scs. + Crux xpi t. + Viiltus dm.
in. + Super aspidem et basiliscum ajnbulabis et concul-
cabis leonem et draconem. Adjuro te naalum ex quocun-
que genere et per patrem + et fllium + et per spiu scijl et
per sanctam mariam genetricem ejusdem Dei et Dm
nri iHU xpi et per c.xl.iiii. ill innocentes et per vii.
dormientes Maximianum, Malchum, Martinianum, Con-
stantinom, Dionysium, Johm, serapioaem et per oms scos

Dl ne percutias vel afiEligas camem istam, Farce famalo
Dei . t . pater noster . t . Quicunqae vult . t . evangelium.
In principio — Maria Magd. — recumbentibus. Si quia
diligit me — cum yenerit."

2. Recipes from same book : —

" Contra Paralisin.

"Radix canis linguse qu£e vocatur paralisis — radix
Sperepurd (spearv?ort) quae vocatur Dei Gratia, grana
silvestrium pisarum, folia salvias. Hmc omnia siccentur
et in pulverem redigantur et in nocte cum calido vino
potentur. In mane vero hsec eadem et camidreos et poe-
oniam et radices clataB quae vocatur lapacium et radices
levistici, viridia terantur et' in vino ponantur et ita as-
sidue bibant."

" Accipe radices fresgund et lava et tere et accipe Si-
mul Canopum ante festivitatem Sci lohannis et incisum
mitte h«ec duo in cervisa et coque usque tertia pars ait

246

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[2°<» S. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.

excocta. et serva et da bibendum plagato vel qui guttam
fistulam babet et cavo ne aliquid aliud bibat usque quo
sanus fiat."

3. Contemporary epitaph on Henry Purcell in
a large paper copy of the music to the " Pro-
phetess : " —

" Ex Dono

Carissimi desideratissimique Autoris,

Henrici Purcell,

Musarum Sacerdotis,

Qui

Anno Domini 1695,

Pridie Festi S'«= Cseciliae,

Multis flebilis occidit.

NuUi flebilior,

Quam

Amico suo atque admiratori

Jacobo Talbot."

J. C. J.

CHARTER OF ALEXANDER II.

The following entry occurs in the minute-book
of the Faculty of Advocates of Edinburgh rela-
tive to a very ancient charter, by Alexander II.,
to Richard de Moravia : —
" IG July, 1740.

" Mr. John Ker, Professor of Humanity in the College
of Edinburgh, having presented an Original Charter of
King Alexander II. to Richard de Moravia of the Lands
of K3'ngcoreth and Kynlessoch, together with a copy
thereof done in Copper plate, and dedicated bj' him to the
Faculty, to be kept in their Library, the Dean did, in
name of the Faculty, return him thanks for the same."

This letter, of Sir Andrew Kennedy (?) to
James Anderson, Esq., indicates not only the in-
fluence of Lord Pitmedden, notwithstanding his
retirement from the Bench, but the high estima-
tion in which James Anderson was held by his
countrymen : —
" Sir,

" I expected to have had the opportunity yesternight
to wait upon Pittmedden, thinking of going out off
Town this day, and ye know when I first spoke to j'ou
about that Matter ye told me ye found Pittmedden very
frank for continueing my son in his post, and promised
he would willingly do any thing that I would desire of
that kind. My health does not allow me to stay in
Town, and therefore I must entreat you that ye will
speak to Pittmedden this Morning, and let me know
what I am to expect : both My sones I know they can
serve him as well as any other he can emplo}'. But if he
be now otherwise resolved, I will not be uneasj'' to him,
but let my sons take the same fate I had myself,
only I must beg of you that j'e will use plainness with
them and not detain me unecessaryly in Town after ye
have discussed Pitmedden in the affair. I earnestly en-
treat your answer, wherein ye will oblige,

" Sir, your most

" humble servant,
" A. Kennedy.

« Edinburgh, 27. Sept. 1705."

The writer of this letter was probably the indi-
vidual who had a famous lawsuit with Gumming
of Cullen, relative to the commandership at Cainp-
vere ; and which was one of the early cases taken

to appeal after the Union, in which the House of
Peers, in 1714, remitted back to the inferior court.
Sir Alexander Seton, of Pitmedden, had been
a senator of the College of Justice, and, what is
remarkable, was an upright judge — a very un-
common occurrence in those days. He was re-
moved from his seat on the Bench for his stand
against James VII.'s attempt to repeal the Test
and Penal Laws. On the Revolution, neverthe-
less, he refused to be reappointed, from his scru-
ples of conscience as to the oath of allegiance to
the expelled monarch. He was an author of some
meritf collected a curious library, and died at an
advanced age in 1719. Of the sale catalogue of
his books there is a copy in the library of the
Faculty of Advocates. It is very rare. J. M.

Minav 3am,

Rosenfeldians and Mormonites. — I do not know
whether any of the numerous writers on Mor-
monism have noted a striking point of resem-
blance between the institutions of Joseph Smith
and those of the false prophet of North Germany,
Johann Paul Philipp Rosenfeld (1762—1782).
The uncritical and impossible deductions from
Scripture, especially from the Prophets, which
characterise the doctrines of both, are indeed
too prevalent in all communions to suggest a
parallel between any two ; nor are we less
prepared to find religious fanatics proclaiming,
with John of Leyden, an emancipation from mo-
nogamic restraints ; but it is certainly a singular
coincidence that polygamy (or " plurality," if you
will) should twice have been revived under the
sounding title of Sealing. The following extract
from the account of Rosenfeld, in Der neue Pitaval
(vol. vi. p. 243.), might pass for a description of a
critical stage in the development of Mormonism : —

" Plotzlich trat er vor seinen vertrautesten AbhSngem
mit deni Satze hervor; er babe die Schliissel zum ver-
schlossenen Paradiese, er babe das Buch des Lebens, das,
nach der Beschreibung in der Offenbarung Johannis, mit
sieben Siegeln versiegelt sei. Urn das Erlosungswerk zu
vollenden, musse er die Siegel oflfnen, und dazu miisse er
sieben Jungfrauen haben."

J. E. B. Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

Epigram on Caesar Borgia. — The epigram on
Cassar Borgia is well known, and was occasioned
by his having adopted for his motto, " Aut Caasar,
aut nihil." Having never seen any translation of
it, I offer the subjoined attempt at a literal ver-
sion : —

" Borgia Csesar erat, factis et nomine Caesar ;
Aut nihil, aut Caesar, dixit, utrumque fuit."

" Borgia was Caesar, both in deeds and name ;
' Cajsar, or nought,' he said : he both became."

F. C. H.

2«>d S. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

247

Walking Stewart. — The following notice of this
remarkable man appeared in an Albany (N. Y.)
newspaper for August I, 1791 : —

" On Thursda}' last arrived in this city from London,
via New York, and the same evening set off for Canada,
Mr. Stewart, the noted pedestrian — who, we are told,
has travelled over the greater part of Europe, Asia, and
Africa on foot * ; and has come to this country for the pur-
pose of completing his travels, by making the tour of the
American world. Mr. Stewart is a middle-aged man,
about six feet high — and what is particularly remarka-
ble, he is said to eat no animal food, and but one meal a
day:'

Uneda.
Philadelphia. \

Bearded Women. — Some fifteen or sixteen years
ago I remember a hairy woman being exhibited
in London. She had a flowing beard and mous-
tache, of a soft and silky texture, but in all other
respects was perfectly feminine. She was a young
married woman, and was the mother of children.
From Evelyn's Diary I find that a similar prodigy
appeared in the metropolis more than two cen-
turies ago. I transcribe the passage : —

"September 15th, 1657. — I saw the hairy woman,
twenty years old, whom I had before seen when a child.
She was born at Augsburg, in Germany. Her very eye-
brows were combed upwards, and all her forehead as thick
and even as grows on any woman's head, neatly dressed ;
a very long lock of hair out of each ear ; she had also a
most prolix beard and moustachios, with long locks
growing on the middle of her nose, like an Iceland dog
exactlj', the colour of a bright brown, fine as well dressed
flax. She was now married, and told me that she had
one child that was not hairy, nor were any of her parents
or relations. She was very well shaped and played well
on the harpsichord."

This woman's name was Barbara Van Beck.
Two portraits of her, one a line engraving, the
other in mezzotinto, are described in Granger's
Biographical Dictionary. The woman whom I
remember was, I think, an Italian. Are there any
other records of a similar lusus naturcef

John Pavin Phillips.

Haverfordwest.

^nzviti.

BIBLICAL conjecture-notes: THE RIGHT DATE
OF THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS.

I have before me two criticisms on the date of
the Epistle to the Hebrews. The first criticism is
thus stated : —

" Those who believe that St. Paul is the author of the
Epistle to the Hebrews generally suppose that he wrote
it at Rome during his last two years' sojourn in that citj',
about A.D. 63. This ancient opinion is adopted by the
majority of critics, who mainly rely on the subscrip-
tion at the end of the document."

H* Walking Stewart used to saj', that though he had
walked a great deal, it was only when no conveyance was
to be had : he never walked when he could ride. — Ed.
«' N. & Q."]

The second criticism is as follows : —
"It maybe conjectured by some that St. Paul wrote
his Epistle to the Hebrews at Corinth during his long
stay with Aquila and Priscilla, who had lately como
from Italy because Claudius had banished all Jews from
Rome, — a fact recorded in Acts xviii., and dated about
A.D. 52. This conjecture relies on the following reasons :
the Epistle to the Hebrews seems to belong to that
period in the history of St. Paul when his mind was still
mainly exercised in efforts to convert his Jewish brethren
before he left them on account of their unbelief and
turned to the Gentiles, to whom all his other epistles are
addressed. It is stated in this chapter of the Acts that
he was especially employed at this period in efforts to
convert the Hebrews, and it seems probable a prioriVaat
he would give his arguments for their conversion in a
written epistle as well as viva voce. It is said that during
this time Timothy came to him from Macedonia. Now,
as Timothy was probabl}' arrested at Philippi, as well as
his companions, Paul and Silas (whose miraculous delivery
from the prison there is exactly recorded), it seems that
he must have escaped in some way or he could not have
come to Paul. These things being premised, let us turn
to the Epistle to the Hebrews. We find internal evidence
that it was written during the Hebraistic condition of St.
Paul's mind, being very different in its characteristics
from his Gentile epistles, to which it never alludes. More-
over it contains some'specified texts, which indicate the
probability of this conjecture. In Hebrews xiii. 24. it
appears that St. Paul was then residing with Jews
from Italy, as he says ' those (^apo) from Italy salute you.'
Just before he speaks thus: 'know that our brother
Timothy is set at liberty, M'ith whom if he come shortly
I will see you.' As to the subscription to this epistle, it
is of very doubtful authority, and is rejected by Gries-
bach. But, taking it for as much as it is worth, it in-
forms us that the epistle was written to the Hebrews
from Italy. It does not necessarily follow that the epistle
itself was written from Italj- or" from Athens, as other
MSS. state, though the order of the words, both in the
Greek and Syriac, seem to imply as much. The old
theory lies open to this difficulty, 'that it makes St. Paul,
who was a prisoner at Rome, in danger of speedy perse-
cution, talk confidently of visiting the Jews with Timothy
shortly.' And there is no other indication of the impri-
sonment or liberation of Timothy at that period. If this
conjecture be correct, the Epistle to the Hebrews is the
first, or one of the first, of St. Paul's epistles, instead of
being one of the last of them. The question is interest-
ing and important, as materially affecting the mental
and circumstantial history of St. Paul, and it enters into
the right construction of all biographies of this noble
apostle."

Such are the two criticisms before me, and I
venture to send them to the Editor of " N. & Q."
that his intelligent readers may consider their re-
lative probability, and throw new light on the
topic. Francis Barham.

Bath.

LADY CULROSS S DREAM.

Can you or can any of your contributors tell
me whether the old Scotch ballad entitled Lady
Cuirass s Dream is still to be met with in any
antiquarian collection ? and where ? Launcelot
Temple, even at that time (1770), mentions his
fears of its being no longer extant : but as this

248

NOTES AND QUERIES.

i:2»<i s. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.

paper of his, " On Vulgar Errors," is not very
long, and is in his peculiarly quaint style, I will
transcribe it : —

" I have alwaj's considered it " (lie says) " as a self-evi-
dent absurdity to imagine that the Scotch tunes were com-
posed by an Italian Fiddler. But I own that my opinion
on this subject has begun to totter ever since it was disco-
vered that the author of Ossian's Poems was one Korah
Sukkubbit, Esq., an idle drunken fellow, who Ifved some ten
or twelve thousand years ago by making and mending of
Jew's-harps at the Borough of Gomorrah in the County of
Palestine. Good Heavens, how provoking this is ! Bless
your ears, the greatest part of the Scotch, Welsh, and
Irish tunes were composed long before the Italians, or
even the Flemish, knew anything of music. Excepting
Corelli, Pergolesi, and perhaps one or two more distin-
guishable masters of that charming art, the Italian
composers have seldom aspired at anything beyond mere
mechanical harmony, in which any one who has a toler-
able ear may succeed. But to express the passions is a
different affair : it is one of the greatest powers that be-
longs to true genius, which happens to be a very uncom-
mon gift of Nature.

" Handel was in general a noisy overbearing bully in
music ; sometimes indeed, but not often, pathetick, yet
still charming, as far as mere harmony goes. But it was
not in him, still less in David RiSzio, a mere old fiddler,
. who only executed what other people had composed,to have
even imitated with any success the Scottish tunes, whe-
ther melancholy or gayj whether amorous, martial, or
pastoral ; in a style highly original and most feelingly
expressive of all the passions, from the sweetest to the most
terrible. Who was it that threw out those dreadful wild
expressions of distraction and melancholy in Lady Cui-
rass's Dream? an old composition, now I am afraid lost;
perhaps because it was almost too terrible for the ear.
I'll venture to swear that David Kizzio was as innocent
as any lamb of such frantic horrors."

But it would appear from an old ballad that
" Lady Culross's Dream " was a bye-word of ter-
ror, and a symbol of the supernatural, long before
Eizzio's time ; for in the aforesaid old ballad,
printed in Richard III.'s reign, of which a certain
Sir Gawyn is the Don Juan and one "■/aire
Alice" the victim, the following couplet occurs.
I quote from memory, for I regret to say the ori-
ginal very curious document was stolen from me
some years ago at Geneva, with a book of French
autographs of the heroes and heroines of the
Fronde. But the couplet, making mention of
" Lady Culross's Dream," is, as well as I can re-
collect, as follows : —

" It was/n&, Sir Gawyns Culp, that faire Alice now did
seme.
Like the ghost Ladye of Culrosse, in her wilde shreeMng
dreme."

ROSINA BuLWER LtTTON.
Clarke's Castle Hotel,
Taunton, Somerset.

fSiiviax ^Mtviti^

"La ThebaMe:" Remy's ''La Pucelle." — I
should be very grateful for any information ad-
dressed to me here (or at Mr. Molini's, bookseller,

17. King William Street, Strand), about the exist-
ence in England of copies of the two following
dramas : —

" La The'baide, Tragedie. Pont-k-Mousson, Etienne
Marchant, 1584, in 4to."

" Histoire Tragique de la Pucelle de Dom. Remy, aul-
trement d'Orleans. Nancy, 1581, in 4to."

Of the latter work I have a reprint, of a very
limited number of copies, now in the press.

D. D. L.
Pont-Ji-Mousson.

Jasper Runic Ring. — I should be much obliged
to anyone who can inform me as to what has be-
come of a jasper ring inscribed with runes which
was exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries in
1824, and is described In the Archceologia (vol.
xxi. p. 117.) ? It then belonged to George Cum-
berland, Esq., of Bristol. A. W. Fbanks.

British Museum.

Dr. Thomas Brett. — The following inquiry ap-
pears on the wrapper of The Biographical and
Retrospective Miscellany, 1830 : —

" We should be obliged to any correspondent who
would inform us whether a MS. in our possession has
been printed or not. It is a short Autobiography of that
eminent Divine and controversial writer, Dr. Thomas
Brett, written by himself, including a History of his
various works. We ourselves have no recollection of
having seen this article in print."

Is anything known of this manuscript ? J. Y.

Archiepiscopal Mitre. — How is it that the arch-
bishops bear the mitre issuing from a ducal coro-
net f The tombs of those prelates in Canterbury
and York cathedrals exhibit the mitres without
any coronets : their armorial bearings in the win-
dows of those gorgeous ecclesiastical ediBces are
without, and the assumption seems to be of very
modern date. Will some of your readers (amongst
whom it is evident you have those who, ex ca-
thedra, could answer) be kind enough to answer
the Query. These distinctions are only valuable
and honourable as they are duly authorised or re-
cognised. It is to be regretted that the printed
Peerages mislead in such particulars, and too fre-
quently give unauthorised bearings, even though
the title-pages present high-sounding editorial
names. Vebax.

Baron of Beef at Windsor. — I shall feel much
obliged to any of your readers who can tell me by
what contrivance the baron of beef is roasted
every year at Windsor, as probably the grate is
not of a size capable of doing so, without some
contrivance. A Subscbibeb.

Dublin.

Shawl, at Leyhoum. — Can any correspondent
inform me what is the derivation of the word shawl
as applied to a lofty natural terrace at Leybourn

2°'i a VIII. Sept. 24, '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

249

in Yorkshire? Many of your readers will re-
collect the magnificent prospect afforded of Wens-
leydale from that place, perhaps one of the love-
liest views in England. Certainly not the least
interesting object on the shawl is the Queen's Gap,
pointed out by local tradition as the spot where
the unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, was cap-
tured, after her escape from Bolton Castle, in
1568. Could anyone also inform me how many
prisons she was confined in during her captivity
in England, and the duration of her imprisonment
in each ? Bolton Castle, Chatsworth, and Fo-
theringhay were three of them, and at Fothering-
hay the last scene was enacted which closed her
sad and eventful history. Oxoniensis.

The Frog a Symbol. — In the south aisle of the
church of Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, is a
stone effigy representing a cross-legged knight, of
the end of the 13th century, fully armed, with his
shield upon his arm, bearing in modern tincturing
gules, a lion rampant, argent. His sword rests
upon a frog. This creature does not appear to
have been placed merely to strengthen the sculp-
ture, as an arrangement of the robe over the
chain-mail, and of the dog at the feet, would have
done this much better. What idea would the
sculptor wish to convey bycarving the frog in this
instance? T. Nokth.

Leicester.

Dt/che's English Dictionary, by Wm. Pardon. —
1. Can any reader furnish me with information
regarding a " Wm. Pardon, Gent.," editor of more
than one edition of Dyche's well-known Diction-
ary ? I am aware that there is a living writer of
the same name, but whether a descendant or not
I cannot say. I have seen two editions of the
above Dictionary, both edited by the subject of
my Query — one of 1759 (the 10th), and the
other of 1777 (the 16th). I subjoin the two
titles : —

(1.) " A New General English Dictionary, peculiarly
calculated for the use of such as are unacquainted with
the learned languages. Originally begun by the late
Rev. Mr. Thos. Dyche, Schoolmaster of Stratford-le-Bow,
and now finished by Wm. Pardon, Gent. lOth edition.
London : Printed for C. Ware at the Bible and Sun, Lud-
gate- hill. 1759."

(2.) Same title, 16th edition. "And finished by the
late Wm. Pardon, Gent. (Printed for all the leading
booksellers.) 1777."

Worcester, in his Universal English Dictionary,
says of Dyche's, that it is a " work in one vol. 8vo.
which has had an extensive circulation in Eng-
land," but only mentions the 7th edition, that of
1752 ; but above may be seen there were sixteen
editions, if not more. 2. Are there known copies
prior to this seventh edition ? * Surely some-
thing must be reclaimable about the editor of a

[* Two prior editions are in the British Museum; the
third, 1740, and the sixth, 1750.— Ed.]

Dictionary which had exhausted seven editions
before Dr. Johnson's appeared, in 1755. W. J. O.

Cranbrook Grammar School. — Who was the
master of this school in 1665—1667 ? A. Z.

Battens. Slips of deal. Query etymology ? M.

Bell Metal. — As your paper is intended for
procuring general information, I hope you will
not think the following Query inadmissible.

Upon reference to a well-known little work,
Bingley's Useful Knowledge, vol. i. p. 188., I find
that —

" bell metal is usually composed of three parts of copper
and one of tin. Its colour is greyish white, a»d it is very
hard, sonorous, and elastic. Bronze and bell metal are
not, however, always made of copper and tin only. They
frequently have other admixtures, consisting of lead,
zinc, or arsenic. Bell makers sometimes abuse the vulgar
credulity by pretending that they add a certain quantity
of silver to the alloy, for the purpose of rendering the
bells more melodious: but they are better acquainted
with their business than to employ so valuable a metal in
the operation."

Certainly there is an old prejudice in favour of
the melodious sound of silver. We shall all re-
collect the line, —

"And gentle psaltry's silver sound." — Ps. cl.
But silver, I apprehend, has nothing to do with
the subject of my present inquiry, the celebrated
Big Ben, whose doleful sounds can proceed from
nothing but lead. We all recollect the story of
Archimedes and the crown. Will therefore any
of your readers, philosophers or otherwise, under-
take to apply a similar process to .the bell, and
tell us the quantity of alloy in it? Time un-
doubtedly will develope the truth, by its colour;
but it would be a satisfaction to learn the com-
position at once, in order that future bell-founders
may be prohibited from making her Majesty's
subjects unhappy by the farther use of it.

B Natural.

Norton Family. — Can any of your correspon-
dents inform me where I can find a biographical
account of Richard Norton, of Norton Conyers,
Esq., and his *' right good sonnes," who were con-
cerned in " the rising in the Norths" a.d. 1569.
The ballad says, —

" Thee, Norton, wi' thine right good sonnes,
Thy doom'd to dye, alas, for ruth !
Thy reverend lockes thee could not save,
Nor them their faire and blooming youthe."

In reality, though doomed to die, the father
and seven sons escaped abroad.*

C. J. D. Ingledew.

Sovl. — Would you be kind enough to inform
me of the derivation of the (Saxon ?) word soul?
Has it not a similar origin to the Greek ^fvxnt

[* For some brief notices of the Norton family, see
Collins's Peerage, ix. 254., edit. 1784.— Ed.]

250

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"'» S. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.

vviVfMf and the Latin anima, spiritus, all from a
verb signifying to breathe, and hence denoting, as
the Greek and Latin words, breath, and frequently
life, which depends upon breathing ?

Hence in that passage in the New Testament,
"What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole
world and lose his own soul {^^vxn) ? " no myste-
rious spiritual essence is intended, but merely the
physical life.

Also I wish to ask, Has not the word in the
Hebrew Bible translated soul (" man became a
living soul,'' " the soul that sinneth it shall die,"
&c.) a similar derivation, and hence signifies
breath, life, a living person ? F. B. B.

Sofs Hole. — " It would not have cost me
above A^d. to have spent my evening at 'Sot's
Hole." — Connoisseur, 68.

The Green Lamps. — " The same act, which at
the Green Lamps or Pimlico appears low, may
be extremely polite at the Haymarket or at Rane-
lagh." — Connoisseur, 66.

Jenny's Whim. — " The royal diversion of duck-
bunting, with a decanter of Dorchester [ale] for
sixpence, at Jenny's Whim."* (^Connoisseur, 68.)
Mentioned also by Horace Walpole.

Where were these once celebrated localities ?
And, apropos de Mere, is ale served in decanters
anywhere now ? I once saw it so done in Lon-
don. DUBIDS.

''■The History of Ireland," 1784.— Who was the
author of an Svo. volume entitled The History of
Ireland, which forms vol. xlii. of The Modern Part
of an Universal History, London, 1784? Abhba.

American Dramatists. — Can any of your Ame-
rican readers give me any biographical particulars
regarding the following American dramatic au-
thors ? 1. James Forrester Foote (of New
York ?), author of The Little Thief, or the Night-
Walker. 2. Wm. G. Hyer, author of Rosa, a
melodrama, printed 1822. 3. Robert W. Ewing,
author of The Highland Seer and other plays.
4. Samuel B. Judah, author of A Tale of Lexing-
ton (acted in New York) and other plays. There
is a volume by a Mr. Keece, published in Ame-
rica, which I think contains some account of the
dramatic authors of America. A. Z.

Anonymous Plays. — Who is the author of the
following plays, printed or published at Notting-
ham : 1. The Eve of St. Hippolito, a Play. Pub-
lished by G. Stretton, Nottingham. Svo. 1821 ? 2.
Philo, a Drama, 1836 ? 3. Vanity's Victim, a
Comedy. Published by Rawson & Richards,
Nottingham ?■ Z,

[* Jenny's Whim was a tavern at the end of the
wooden bridge Over what was formerlj' a cut or reservoir
of the Chelsea Waterworks, between Chelsea and Piin-
lico. Cunningham's London.'^

Poole Family. — I shall be very thankful for any
information respecting James Poole, who pur-
chased the manor of Bilmore in the parisli of
Old Radnor, in 1781, of Harford Jones, and sold
it again to John Morris, in 1789 ; also reliable
data to supply the numerous gaps in the pedigree
of Poole of Poole, county of Chester (see Burke's
Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England),
especially in regard to the descendants of Reginald
Poole, who married Cecily, daughter of Rev.
Matthew Wood, vicar of Webbenbury, so stated
in Burke ; but I cannot find any such parish in
Ecton's Liber Valorum, 1763. The nearest ap-
proach is Welbury, in the county and diocese of
York, a rectory in the patronage of the duchy of
Lancaster. Similar information is sought re-
specting the descendants of Benjamin Poole, of
London, who died about 1656 ? A. M.

Choyce, Joice, Jocunda. — Can any of your cor-
respondents tell whether Choyce or Joice was the
pet name for ladies who, in the 16th century, were
named Jocunda ? * A.

Heraldic. — Information would oblige respect-
ing the name the following coat of arms appertain
to, the tinctures of which I am unable to give,

viz. " two bars, over all, on a bend ,

three boars' heads erased ," These arms are

impaled by Goulston on the dexter, and are cut
on a tombstone in the chancel of the parish church
of Kingston-on-Thames to the memory of Eliza-
beth, the wife of Morris Goulston, Esq., who ob.
12th April, 1720, set. thirty-five years. Any par-
ticulars relative to this gentleman and his descen-
dants would prove acceptable. He was the only
son of Sir William Goulston, Knt., second son of
Richard Goulston, lord of the manor of Widdyal,
CO. Herts. It is evident he was twice married, as
a daughter, Frediscrida, by his said wife Eliza-
beth, was baptized at Marlow, co. Bucks, 25th
"^ct. 1701 ; and the Kingston registers contain an
entry of the baptism of Joseph, the son of Morris
Goulston and Mary his wife, 24th June, 1723, as
also the burial of a son William in July, 1724.

C. s.

Nicholas Owen. — This individual was one of
the servants of Henry Garnet the Jesuit, and was
apprehended at Hendlip House on the 23rd of
January, 1606, a few hours before the discovery
of his master. We find him a prisoner in the
Tower on the 26th of Feb., when he underwent
an examination, in which he positively denied all
knowledge of his master or of Oldcorne. On the
1st of March he was again examined; this time,
under torture, being hung up to a beam by his
thumbs, and having made a partial confession, he

[* Jocosa, not Jocunda, is the Latin for the baptismal
appellation of Joyce. Joj-ce ig allied with joyous, full of

joy-]

B""* S. YIII., Sept. 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

251

was told that on the next examination the rack
would be applied to him. The following day in
the afternoon, when his dinner was brought to
him, he committed suicide with a knife. An in-
quest was held ; several persons were examined ;
and a A-erdict oi felo-de-se was returned. Can
anyone tell me where 1 can find the depositions
taken on this occasion ? They are not in the
State Paper Office. W. O, W.

The French Massacres. — ,

"An Historical Collection of the most Memorable Ac-
cidents and Tiagicall Massacres of France, under the
raignes of Henry 2, Francis 2, Charles 9, Henry 3, Henry
4, now living. Conteining all the troubles therein hap-
pened, during the said King's times, untill this present
Yeare 1598. Wherein we may behold the WonderfuU
and straunge alterations of our age. Translated out of
French into English. Imprinted at London by Thomas
Creede, 1698."

Who was the author, and who the translator of
this book ? What is its value as a history ? Is
it well-known, or is it rare? Has it been re-
printed ? E. S. J.

John Nicholls. — It appears from the grant in
the Trerogative Court that on the 12th Feb. 1682,
the administration of the goods of Robt. Mossom,
Bishop of Derry, was granted to John Nicholls,
Armig.., the principal debtor. I am anxious to
ascertain who this John Nicholls was, and should
be obliged to any reader who could give rae the
information. J. C. M. Meekins..

Lincoln's Inn.

Lord Lauderdale and Charles II. — Can any of
your contributors inform me if a letter from
Lauderdale to King Charles II., dated Holyrood,
November 16, 1669, and offering Scotch forces to
aid the king in arbitrary measures, has been pub-
lished ? W. C.

Robert Chester'' s " Love's Martyr ; or Rosalin's
Complaint^' (a translation from the Italian), 4t'o.,-'^
London, 1601, contains, besides poems by Shak-
speare, Jonson, Marston, and others, " The True
Legend of famous King Arthur." Is there a copy
(or reprint) of this rare volume to be seen in any
public library in London ? A reply will greatly
oblige )8.

Minor ^utvit^ taitb ^nifuer^. •

An Almery. — In a recent sketch of Words-
worth's house at Rydal Mount, in Once a Week
(vol. i. p. 107.), the writer speaks of " an old
almery carved over with circles," &c. What is an
" almery" ? I think that in the south of Scotland,
and in the north of Ireland, the word ambry is
applied to a store-chest or a cabinet. In Ceylon,
and perhaps in some parts of India formerly held
by Portugal, the term for a wardrobe or press is

almirah, and this appears to be identical with the
Portuguese word almarinho. Query. Is there any
connexion to be traced between the latter word
and the " almery " of Westmoreland ? J. E. T.

[In reply to our correspondent's first inquiry, we think
there can be little doubt that the " almery" of Westmore-
land corresponds to the almaria or almarium (for arma-
rium) of Med.-Latin, in old Fr. aumaire, armaire, auhnaire,
a cupboard, wardrobe, or press (but specially, no doubt, in
the first instance, a place for keeping arms). Cf. in Med.-
Latin, urmariolus, a little armarium, armariolum, a re-
ceptacle for the host; and in Romance, armari='ST.
armoirie.

In Portuguese, almario is a cupboard used whether for
cold victuals or for crockery, and almarinho a little cup-
board. In Spanish the terms almario and armaria are
convertible, and signify a kind of cupboard or press,
whether for rarities, clothes, victuals, or earthenware.

" Into the buttrie hastelie he yeede,
And stale into the almerie to feede."

Heywood's Spider and Flie, 1556.

As the lapse of years, and the suspension of intercourse,
have occasioned a considerable discrepance between the
language of Portugal and its dialect spoken in the East,
we think it by no means improbable that the East Indian
almirah is a corruption of the old Portuguese word alma-
rio or almarinho.'\

Gog and Magog. — At what period were the
great figures called Gog and Magog (now, I be-
lieve, to be seen at Guildhall), first put up on
Temple Bar ? What legend were they intended
to commemorate, and what is their connexion with
those names occasionally mentioned in the Old
Testament ? Information on these points would
perhaps interest many of your readers as well as

Chronos.

[In a description of the procession of Queen Elizabeth
on the 13th of January, 1558, the day before her corona-
tion, the writer says : " From thence her Grace came to
Temple-Barre, which was dressed fynelye with the two
ymages of Gotmagot the Albione, and Corineus the Bri-
tain, two gyantes bigge in stature, furnished accordinglj' ;
which held in their handes, even above the gate, a table
whering was written, in Latin verses, theffet of all the
pageantes which the citie before had erected." (Qaeera
Elizabeth's Progresses, i. 22.) The point which has baf-
fled our antiquaries is, whether these figures formed a
portion of the decorations of Temple Bar, or whether, as
is more probable, they were brought from Guildhall for
this special occasion of the Queen's visit. Mr. Douce
says : " I am inclined to think that some figures of this
kind had, long before the reign of Elizabeth, decorated
not only the City Guildhall, but other such buildings in
different parts of the kingdom, in imitation of a very an-
cient custom on the Continent." If the Guildhall statues
were the actual figures exhibited in the pageant at
Temple Bar, they would be made of pasteboard or
wickerwork, and would be frequently carried about
on public exhibitions. Puttenham (1589) speaks of
Midsummer pageants in London, where, to make the
people wonder, are set forth great and uglie gyantes,
marching as if they were alive," &c. Bishop Hall, too,
compares an angry poet to

" The crab-tree porter of the Guildhall,
While he his frightful Beetle elevates."

Hatton (iV«w View of London, 1708, p, 607.) leads us to

^52

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Sept. 24. '59-.

suppose that these old giants were destroyed when Guild-
hall was " much daranify'd " by the fire of London in
1666. The present giants were carved by Richard Saun-
ders, and set up in the Hall in 1708. We are inclined to
think that these renowned figures are more connected
with Corinseus andGotmagot, or Gogmagog of the ^nno-
rican Chronicle, quoted by Geoffrey of Monmouth, than
the Gog and Magog of the Bible. Mr. Douce informs us,
that " in a very modern edition of the Rovfiance of the
History and Destruction of Troy, it is stated that Brute,
the son of Antenor, made a voyage to Britain, where,
aided by the remaining natives, who had been conquered
by Albion and his brother giants, he made war against
this usurper, whom he slew in a bloody conflict, taking
prisoners his brothers Gog and Magog, who were led in
triumph to London, and chained, as porters, to the gate
of a palace built by Brute on the present site of Guild-
hall . ' in memory of which,' says the Editor of the
Romance, ' their effigies, after their death, were set up as
they now appear in Guildhall.' As this account is not in
the older copies of the Troy book, the Editor has either
invented it, or retailed some popular tradition." (Smith's
Ancient Topography of London, 4to,, 1816.) The name of
Corinaeus has gradually sunk into oblivion, and Gogma-
gog been split, by popular corruption, and made to do
duty for both.]

''Horn Childe; Child flbm." — Where are
there any manuscripts of the old English romance
of Child Horn (translated into German by RUc-
kert), and has this romance been published ? If
any of your readers can give me any Information
on this point I shall feel much obliged. G. D.

[ The Geste of King Home, and the Scottish version
entitled Homchilde and Maiden Rimnild, are printed in
Ritson's Metrical Romances. Of the English romance
three copies are now known to be in existence, — 1. The
Harleian MS. No. 2253, from which Ritson printed the
poem. 2. One found by the late Mr. Kemble in the
Public Library, Cambridge, MS. Gg. 4. 27. 3. A MS.
written about 1300, found by Sir Frederic Madden in
the Bodleian Library at Oxford, MS. Laud. 108. Our
correspondent will find much additional information on
this subject in the notes by Mr. Wright in Warton's
History of English Poetry, i. 41. (ed. 1840), to which we
are indebted for the above particulars. Mr. Wright
there announces his intention to publish an edition of
the English romance, but we are not aware that that
intention has yet been carried into effect]

Lobster, a Nickname for Soldier. — When were
soldiers first called lobsters ? There is a paper in
the Harleian Miscellany (Oldys, vol. v. p. 69.),
intituled " The Qualifications of Persons declared
capable by the Rump-Parliament to elect, or be
elected, Members to supply their House." It is
stated to have been printed in the year 1660, and
appears to be a sort of mock act of parliament.
At p. 73. we have as follows : —

" Qualification XX. No man shall be admitted to sit
in this house, as a member thereof, howsoever duly quali-
fied and elected, except before excepted, until he hath
taken the following oath upon the holy Evangelists : —

_" The oath — 'I, A. B. do swear, in the presence of Al-
mighty God, and by the contents of this book, to be true
and faithful to this present government as it is now un-
established, and to the keepers of the liberties, unsight
unseen ; whether they are of an invisible and internal
natore, as fiends, pugs, elves, furies, imps, or goblins ; or

whether they are incarnate, as redcoats, lobsters, corporals,
troopers, dragoons,' " &c.

The term appears to be applied to a particular
class of soldier. Possibly marines, if there was a
regularly constituted marine force at that period,
which, however, seems doubtful. Perhaps some of
your correspondents can say what a lobster was in
1660. Erica.

[The following is recorded in Clarendon's History of
the Rebellion, iii. 91., edit. 1849, as having occurred in the
year 1643 : " Sir William Waller received from London a
fresh regiment of five hundred horse, under the command
of Sir Arthur Haslerig, which were so prodigiously armed
that they were called by the King's party 'the regiment
of lobsters,' because of their bright iron shells with which
they were covered, being perfect cuirassiers, and were the
first seen so armed on either side."]

Heraldic : Arms of Greig. — Can any corre-
spondent of " N. & Q." favour me with the arms
of the family bearing the name of Greig ?

J. A. Pn.

[Burke's General Armory contains the following: —

" Greig (Edinburgh). Gu. three dexter hands ar.
within a bordure or. Crest : A dexter arm in armour,
embowed, brandishing a scimetar ppr. Motto : Strike
sure."

" Greig. Gu. on a chief ar. three hands of the first.
Crest : A falcon rising, belled and ducally gorged, all
ppr."

" Greig. Gu. three sinister hands apaumee ar. a bor-
dure or."]

Leslie's Answer to Abp. King. — I have a par-
ticularly fine copy of Charles Leslie's very scarce
Answer to a Booh intituled " The State of the
Protestants in Ireland under the late King James's
Government ;" but a friend informs me that a per-
fect copy should have a frontispiece, which mine
has not ; and which I have not seen in any copy
within my reach. Is he correct in his assertion ?

Abhba.

[There is no frontispiece to the copy of this work in
the British Museum.]

MAJOR DUNCANSON AND THE MASSACRE OF
GLENCOB.

(2"'^ S. viii. 109. 193.)

G. L. S. is mistaken in supposing that Colonel
Hill, who led the 11th Reg. at the battle of Al-
manza, in 1707, and was wounded at the capture
of Mons in 1709, and, finally, retired from the
colonelcy of the above regiment, July 30, 1715,
" probably died at that period." He lived twenty
years afterwards, residing with the Mashams at
Otes, in the parish of High Laver, Essex, where
the family monument bears the names : —

" Abigail, Lady Masham - - - 1734
Major-General Hill - - - - 1735
Samuel Lord Masham ... 1758
Alice Hill (sister of Lady M.) - - 1762"

2°d S. VIII. Sept. 24. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

253

Queen Anne, in 1710, signified her intention of
giving the regiment of Dragoons, just vacant by
the death of Algernon Capel, Earl of Essex, to
Colonel Hill, as a reward for his gallant service at
the unfortunate battle of Almanza, where he
mainly contributed to preserve the broken re-
mains of our infantry. The struggle which en-
sued between his friends and those of Lieut.-Gen.
Meredith, to whom the Duke of Marlborough had
promised the same regiment, became the trial of
strength between the Whig and the Tory parties.
As the queen made no secret of her intention in
behalf of the brother of her favourite, the Earl of
Sunderland, son-in-law of the duke, undertook to
procure a vote of parliament for the removal of
Lady Masham from attendance on her majesty.
This was averted by Col. Hill's throwing himself
at the queen's feet, and begging that he might not
be the cause of any uneasiness to her majesty, but
that her majesty would be graciously pleased io
bestow the favour she intended for him upon some
other officer. The queen granted his request,
but speedily visited the double affront to her pre-
rogative on the ministry who had offered it. The
Earl of Sunderland was, first, called on to surrender
the seals of Secretary of State. The Lord Trea-
surer (Godolphin) was next removed, and the
disruption of the whole Whig party followed.

In 1712, Queen Anne made Brigadier Hill
Lieut.-General of the Ordnance. (State Papers,
Domestic, 1712, Sept. — Dec.) During the same
reign, he was sent in chief command of the expe-
dition to Canada, in which he gained no laurels.
But, though no rival to the great Marlborough in
campaigning, "honest Jack Hill" was, from the
testimony of his contemporaries, a general fa-
vourite ; and it is rather hard in G. L. S. to make
him the author of the Glencoe massacre in 1692,
when he was a mere boy. - P. G. H.

G. L. S. has inaccurately stated that " it is cer-
tain that a Robert Duncanson succeeded George
Wade as colonel of the 33rd Regiment, February
12th, 1705." This was not the case, for Wade
succeeded Duncanson on the 9th June, 1705 : the
latter (who was appointed to the 33rd, vice Leigh,')
having been killed at Valencia de Alcantara on
the 8th May, 1705. Major-General John Hill
did not die at the period of his removal from the
colonelcy of the 11th Foot on the 30th July, 1715 :
his decease occurred on the 19th June, 1735.

Two years after the siege of Mons, in 1709,
where Colonel Hill was wounded, an expedition
was fitted out against Quebec, the command of
the land forces being entrusted to him. He was
made a brigadier on the 1st January, 1710, and
promoted to the rank of Major-General on the
2l8t July, 1712. As the fleet was proceeding up
the river now named the St. Lawrence, eight
transports crowded with troops were dashed upon

the rocks, and nearly all the ofiicers and men on
board perished. This Brigadier Hill was brother
to Mrs. Masham, Queen Anne's favourite, to
whose court influence he owed his appointment.

Thomas Carteb.
Horse Guards.

"THE WEEN SONG."

(2"'i S. viii. 209.)

Mb. Geobge Llotd, after quoting a verse of
the wren song as it is sung in the West of Ire-
land, asks for the remaining lines, and an explan-
ation of the origin of the custom. The song is
sung on different days in different parts of Ire-
land. In Galway Mr. Llotd says the 31st of
October is the day selected : why does not appear.
In the South of Ireland, the wren-boys hold their
festival on St. Stephen's Day, the 26th December,
and the words of their carol are thus given in
Crofton Croker's Researches, c. xii. p. 233. : —

« The Wren, the Wren, the King of all birds,
St. Stephen's Day was caught in the furze ;
Although he is little, his family's great,
I pray you, good landlady, give us a treat.

" My box, it would speak, if it had but a tongue,
And two or three shillings would do it no wrong,
Sing holly, sing ivy — sing ivy, sing holly,
A drop just to drink, it would drown melancholy.

"And if you draw it of the best,
I hope in heaven your soul may rest ;
But if you draw it of the small,
It won't agree with the wren-boys at all."

I have never seen any satisfactory account as to
the origin of the custom. J. Emebson Tennent.

The words of the Irish wren song are cor-
rectly given in Gerald Griffin's story of The Half
Sir, chapter i. p. 108. (Duffy's edition, Dublin,
1857.) I remember, when a school-boy, to have
heard them thus sung on a St. Stephen's Day : —

" The Wran ! the Wran ! the King of all birds,
St. Stephen's Day was caught in the furze ;
Although he's little, his family's great.
Get up fair ladies, and give us a trate !
And if your trate be of the best,
In heaven we hope your soul may rest ! "

Your correspondent will find in Griffin's story
(p. 121.) an account of the legend of " the wren,"
and a characteristic explanation of the ancient
custom.

I think your correspondent will discover, upon
further inquiry, he is under a mistake in sup-
posing "the wren song" is ever publicly chaunted
upon " Hallow e'en ; " and also in stating that
there are " incantations to saints " or " angels " on
that evening. There can be no doubt that prac-
tices are then resorted to which may be justly
designated as " superstitious ; " and a very useful
chapter might be added to the " Folk Lore " of

254

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.

" N. & Q.," by giving a minute description of
them. I hope Mr. Lloyd will state precisely
what he knows on the subject. W. B. MacCabe.
Scarth House.Mullinarat.

Mr. Llotd is either mistaken or misinformed
on this point, so far as the wren song is appli-
cable to Ireland. The practice he alludes to, as
occurring in Galway, or any other part of Ireland,
on the 31st of October, is purely chimerical. On
Saint Stephen's Day, the 26th December, it is the
custom for boys to start into the fields early in
the morning to " hunt the wren," and having
caught one (alive, for it is not a hard task for
boys to do that) they dress it up in a holly bush,
with evergreens, artificial and other flowers, and
if near a village or small town, they proceed
there and make collections, singing the following
stanza : —

" The Wren, the Wren, the king of all birds,
Saint Stephen's Day was caught in the furze;
Although she is little, her family's great.
So we pray you, good neighbours, to give us a treat."

The collections are invariably laid out in the
purchase of something for a juvenile party in the
evening. If not near a town or village, the farm-
houses are visited, and the applicants always
obtain bread, butter, eggs, and the like. I have
seen this practised in all parts of Ireland, without
any deviation, but never heard the " expletives"
alluded to by Mr. Lloyd. The origin of this
practice I do not know. I have heard of some,
but so mythical as not worth recording,

S. Redmond
Liverpool.

HENRY SMITH.

(1'* S. passim; 2"'' S. viii. 152.)

I have for many years possessed and admired a
volume of the works of this able divine, and I am
therefore glad to see the valuable note in regard
to him by Messrs. Cooper. Neither they, how-
ever, nor the writer of the Note in P' S. vi. 129.,
have recorded in your pages a complete list of his
works and of their editions. I wish therefore to
say that the volume before me contains —

1. " God's Arrow against Atheists. By Henry Smith.
At London, Imprinted by G. M. for. Edward Brewster
and Robert Bird, 1631, 4to., pp. 96."

This is a treatise in six chapters, the first
against Atheism and Irreligion ; the second and
third against Gentiles and Infidels ; the fourth
against Mahometanism ; the fifth against the
Church of Rome, and the sixth against the
Brownists and Barrowists. It is to this last
chapter that I presume Messrs. Cooper refer
when they say "he wrote well and warmly in
defence of the Church of England against the

Brownists and Barrowists." As, however^ the
chapter consists of but four very small quarto
pages, and but three of them bear against the
parties in question, it is evidently by no means
complete, either as a refutation or an apology.
The whole treatise, however, is very curious and
interesting, albeit not equal to many of his ser-
mons.

2. "Twelve Sermons preached by Mr. Henry Smith,
with Pra5'ers both for the Morning and Euening there-
unto adioyned. And published by a more perfect copy

than heretofore. Prov. xxviii. ver. 13 London,

Printed by John Hauilaud for George Edwards, 1632."

These are dedicated to Edward Earl of Bed-
ford by the editor, who signs himself " W. S.,"
and speaks of the author as "the faithfull dis-
poser of God's truth, was a man linked vnto me
in assured friendship whilst he lined," and adds,
" hauing with care long sithence collected these
hig Sermons together, doe now with singleness of
heart present the same to your Lordship."

The sermons follow, not twelve, as stated on
the title-page, but nine, the three last enumerated
in the table of contents being absent. This is not
all. After the first six sermons come the Morning
and Evening Prayers, and these are followed by a
new title : —
" Six Sermons, preached by Mr. Henry Smith.

1, 2. Of Jonah's Punishment.

3. The Trumpet of the Soule.

4. The Sinfull Man's Search.

5. Marie's Choyce.

6. Noah's Drunkennesse.

Two Zealous Prayers. And published bj' a more per-
fect copy than heretofore. London, Printed by John
Hauiland for George Edwards, 1632."

This is succeeded by two sermons on Jonah,
where another title is introduced, the same as the
last, except that foy " Six " we read " Fovre."
This division of the book really contains but one
sermon, " The Trumpet of the Soule sounding to
Judgement," which I regard as one of the most
striking and original sermons I have ever read.

The three missing sermons on " The Sinful
Man's Search," " Mary's Choice," and " Noah's
Drunkenness," I have seen elsewhere, and I ima-
gine editions were issued which varied in their
contents, although printed from the same types.
I should remark that the sermons in my copy are
not paged. Let me, in conclusion, again call
attention to " The Trumpet of the Soul," from
Ecclesiastes xi. 9., and which was evidently
preached at St. Paul's Cross, and to express a
hope that at least this brief specimen of genuine
homely English pulpit eloquence will be re-
printed. For my own part I should like to see
a new edition of all his sermons. B. H, Cowper.

god s. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

255

3Rc{iltc^ ta Minor ^utvitS,

^^ Life is leforeye!" (2°^ S. vlii. 109.)— I have
been requested to give you the name of the author
of some verses, which I repeated this summer at
the distribution of Prizes at the University of
London.

They are the last lines of a beautiful address by
Mrs. Butler (Fanny Kemble) to the students
leaving a college in the United States, of which
I forget the name, and I have not with me the
small volume of Mrs. Butler's Poems in which the
Address is to be found. Granville.

Paris, Sept. 19.

[Having referred to the volume for the purpose of
completing the information so kindly communicated by
Lord Granville, we are enabled to furnish the precise
title of the poem in question. It is "Lines addressed to
the Young Gentlemen leaving the Academy at Lennox,
Massachusetts," and will be found at p. 130. of Poems, by
Frances Anne Butler, Philadelphia, 12mo. 1844.]

Efford (2"* S. viii. 207.)— The word Eaford is
in Anglo-Saxon the equivalent of Waterford in
English, but ea or ey (running water) often occurs
at the termination of our names of localities as
the abbreviation of ealand, ealond, igland and
iglond, the Anglo-Saxon for island, or more pro-
perly perhaps as the abbreviation of aege, island,
in Anglo-Saxon, the pronunciation of which ap-
proximates to ey-e, contracted to ey and ei in
German.* The Anglo-Saxon aege, island, appears
to be derived from aeg, an egg, as in German also
from ey or ei, egg, comes eyland or eiland, an
island, or egg-shaped-land. It is possible that
EfFord may be a corruption of ebb-/ord=i'ordahle
on the ebb-tide. The locality must determine
whether island-ford or ebb-ford are admissible.
In the same county (Hants) are Axfor(i = Aecs or
Oaks-ford, TvryfoYd=Two-fords, Alresford=/ortZ
of the Aller (a tributary of the Itchin), and Shaw-
ford =:/or^ of the wood. T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Supei'- Altars (2"-^ S. viii. 204.)— What is com-
monly called the " Super-altar " is simply a ledge
at the back of the altar, to support the cross and
candlesticks which are ordered to be placed there
by the Rubric of our present Prayer Book in the
Church of England. It is by no means peculiar
to cathedral churches, and your correspondent
will find this addition to the altar in every pro-
perly arranged church. R. H. Nisbett Browne.

Vales of Red and White Horse (2"^ S. vii. 28.
288. 485.) — Your correspondents have described
two figures of white horses, delineated by re-
moving the turf which is superincumbent on a

* Anglesea, Winchelsea, Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney,
Molesey, Orkney, Ramsey, Romney, Whitney, Ely, &c.
In Norwegian this terminal is oe, in Faroe, Mageroe,
Reenoe, Tromsoe, &c.

stratum of chalk, — one near Calne and the other
at Westbury, both in the county of Wilts. You
have also had a third representation of a horse
pointed out, which is cut in red-coloured earth,
near Tysoe in Warwickshire, and occasions the
district to be called the Vale of Red Horse. There
is I conceive another, or fourth, to be added, of
which I believe there has been a learned disqui-
sition by the Rev. Francis Wise, formerly rector
of Rotherfield- Greys, and vicar of Elsfield (Ox-
fordshire), and which I believe he published,
though I am not aware under what form. This
last figure has given rise to the appellation of the
White-horse Hill and Vale in Berkshire. Would
some correspondent give an account of this last,
or indicate where I may find Mr. Wise's essay on
the subject? Eques.

[Dr. Wise's work is entitled, A Letter to Dr. Mead
concerning some Antiquities in Berkshire, particularly
showing that the White Horse, which gives name to the
Vale, is a monument of the West Saxons, made in me-
mory of a great victory obtained over the Danes, A. d.
871. Oxford, 4to. 1738. This work occasioned a keen
controversy among antiquaries, and elicited the fol-
lowing reply: The Impertinence and Imposture of Modem
Antiquaries Displayed : or, A Refutation of the Rev. Mr.
Wise's Letter to Dr. Mead, concerning the White Horse,
and other Antiquities in Berkshire. In a Familiar Letter
to a Friend. By Philalethes Rusticus [ — Bumpsted,
Esq.] Lond. 4to. 1740. A reply to the latter appeared,
entitled An Answer to a Scandalous Libet, entitled " The
Imperti^ience and Imposture of Modern Antiquaries Dis-
played, §-c." Lond. 4to. 1741. The figure of the White
Horse in Berkshire is engraved in the Gent. Mag. of
Feb. 1796, p. 105., but far more accurately in the Archa-
ologia, xxxi. p. 289., where it illustrates a paper by Mr.
Thorns, in which he enters very fully into the history of
these figures. The Red Horse has long ceased to exist.
Mr. Pye, in his poem of Farringdon Hill, thus describes
the figure on that site : —

" Carved rudely on the pendant sod, is seen

The snow-white courser stretching o'er the green ;

The antique figures scan with curious eye,

The glorious monument of victory !

There England rear'd her long dejected head.

There Alfred triumph'd, and invasion bled."
After this manner the horse is formed, on the side of
an high and steep hill facing the north-west. His dimen-
sions are extended over about an acre of ground. His
head, neck, body, and tail consist of one white line, as
does also each of his four legs. This is done by cutting
a trench into the chalk, of about two or three feet deep,
and about ten feet broad. — Ed.]

John Anderson (2°* S. viiT 435.) — I have not
been inattentive to your correspondent Sigma
Theta's request for information as to the family
of John Anderson, minister of Dumbarton. I
have only delayed answering — as I have but a
meagre reply to make him — to my regret. I
know of no work where he can get information
as to this branch of the family of Anderson. _ All
I have been able to pick up is shortly and simply
as follows, and this ab origine. John Anderson, a
person of some standing and substance, born and
resident in Elgin, was so sorely persecuted and

25d

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Sept. 24 '59.

" harried in his gear and gudes " during the re-
ligious excitements after the victory of the Pres-
byterian party in Scotland, that he, a staunch
Nonconformist, was obliged to leave Elgin. He
betook himself to Edinburgh, and there, in 1670,
(as I understand) his son John Anderson se-
cundus was born ; and there, educated for the
church, was first presented to a parish in the gift
of James Duke of Montrose — I have lost my
" Note " of place and date, unfortunately — and
was afterwards minister of Dumbarton ; — his
son, James Anderson, minister of Rosneath, had
two sons, John Anderson, Professor in the Uni-
versity of Glasgow, and James Anderson, a cap-
tain in the merchant service, who sailed in the
West India trade. Of both these are worthy and
numerous descendants alive. I regret I can give
no more distinct information, but hope what I
have given may be of service to Sigma Theta.

C. D. Lamont.
Greenock.

Marat (2"^ S. viii. 52. 93. 158.)— I extract the
following notice of M. Marat from the Star (Glas-
gow newspaper) of March 4, 1793, which may
prove interesting to your readers, and guide your
correspondent G. in further researches : —

" From an investigation lately taken at Edinburgh, it
is said that Marat, the celebrated orator of the French
National Convention, the humane, the mild, the gentle
Marat, is the same person who, a few years ago, taught
tambouring in this city, under the name of John White.
His conduct, while he was here, was equally unprin-
cipled, if not as atrocious, as it has been since his
elevation to the legislatorship. After contracting debts
to a very considerable amount, he absconded, but was
apprehended at Newcastle, and brought back to this
city, where he was imprisoned. He soon afterwards ex-
ecuted a summons of eessio bonorum against his creditors,
in the prosecution of which it was found that he had
once taught in the academy at Warrington, in which Dr.
Priestley was tutor ; that he left Warrington for Oxford,
where, after some time, he found means to rob the mu-
seum of a number of gold coins and medallions ; that he
was traced to Ireland, apprehended at an assembly there
in the character of a German count; brought back to
this country, tried, convicted, and sentenced to some
years' hard labour on the Thames. He was refused a
eessio, and his creditors, tired of detaining him in gaol,
after a confinement of several months, set him at liberty.
He then took up his residence in this neighbourhood,
where he continued aboyt nine months, and took his final
leave of this country about the beginning of the year
1787.

"He was very ill-looked; of a diminutive size; a
man of uncommon vivacity ; of a very turbulent dispo-
sition, and possessed of a very uncommon share of legal
knowledge. It is said, that while here, he used to call
his children Marat, w^hich he said was his family name."

I presume that the above-named Dr. Priestley
is the celebrated Rev. Joseph Priestley, friend
and correspondent of J. H. Stone, J. H. Tooke,
and many other British sans-culottes. Query,
did the Rev. Joseph Priestley communicate his
revolutionary doctrine to Marat, or did he imbibe

the infection from the latter ? It is" not yet too
late to prove the truth or falsehood of many of
the accusations brought in the foregoing extract
against Marat. In conclusion, I will only add
that, supposing the accusations to be true, Marat
was not singular in his acquaintance with the
internal economy of a British prison, his confrere
Brissot having suffered imprisonment in this
country for pocket-picking; and the intimate
friend of the latter, La Motte, was executed here
for being a spy. "W* B. C.

Liverpool.

Ballop (2°« S. viii. 227.)—" He hath the ballop"
appears to be " He hath the ball up ; " the two
words "ball up" being run into one, and the
second mis-spelt, for the sale of a rhyme with
" wallop." On this supposition the two lines will
be, —

" And gouty Master Wallop
Now thinks he hath the ball up."

I am informed that " having the ball up," and
"getting the ball up," are phrases belonging to
some game resembling fives, tennis, or racket.

G. Y.

Scotch Genealogies (2"^ S. viii. 109.) — The
custom of giving to the eldest son and to the
eldest daughter of a marriage the respective chris-
tian names of their grandparents, is invariably
observed in the West Riding dales, and in the
parts of Lancashire and Westmorland bordering
upon those interesting localities ; as it is, I be-
lieve, generally in the rural districts of the
northern counties. Nor, as far as concerns the
eldest son, has it prevailed only in this portion of
England. The knightly predecessors of the Ba-
rons Stafford of Costessey Hall, for instance, were
for a long series of years known by the designa-
tions of Sir George and Sir William in alternate
succession. With us, the custom is extended be-
yond the point mentioned by your correspondent,
for the second son and second daughter take the
maternal grandfather's and grandmother's names
respectively, whilst those of the uncles and aunts
are usually exhausted before the father's or
mother's name is given to a child. Keeping
this rule in mind, it is easy to discover the degrees
of relationship, in the cases at least of first-
born children, which different members of an
extensive family bear to one another. I have fre-
quently been in a room with some half-dozen
first or second cousins, all having the same bap-
tismal name. But we marry young, are long
lived, and have large families, in these northern
dales. I have more than once seen assembled to-
gether the great-grandfather and great-grand-
mother, the grandfather and grandmother, and
father and mother, of the little one sitting on the
knee of one of them ; and last year a yeoman died
in this chapelry, aged only sixty-nine years, who
had seen seven generations of his family in the

2»"»S. VIII. SEPr.24.'69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

257

direct line. He was born in the lifetime of his
great-grandmother, and had several great-grand-
children about him at the period of his decease.
As the circumstance has some connexion with
these topics, I may here mention that the father
of the late incumbent of a neighbouring chapelry,
the father of whom died below the age of seventy
years, only a few months ago, was ordained (I be-
lieve by Bishop Sherlock of London) in the reign
of George II. And, as to our large families, I
was lately requested by one of my parishioners to
make out his family pedigree ; and, to my great
astonishment, I found that from his great-grand-
father alone had sprung upwards of 250 indivi-
duals. But I have rambled away from the proper
subject of this Note, though I dare say these gos-
sipping details may prove of interest to many of
the readers of " N. & Q." Wm. Matthews.

Cowgill.

Extraordinary Birth (1»' S. ii. 459. ; iii. 64.
192. 347.) — "N. & Q." has from time to time
chronicled many extraordinary births ; perhaps,
however, the following is the most extraordinary
of all. But one other circumstance is required to
render it the most wonderful birth of modern
times. The one thing wanting is, that it should
be true ; for clearly the story is fable from begin-
ning to end.

" On the 2d of August, at Johnson, Trumbull county,
Ohio, Mrs. Timothy Bradley was delivered of eight chil-
dren— three boys and five girls. They are all living,
and are healthy, but quite small. Mr. B.'s family is en-
creasing fast: he was married six years ago to Miss
Mowery, who weighed 273 pounds on the day of their
marriage. She has given birth to two pair of twins, and
npw eight more, making twelve children in six years. It
seems strange, but nevertheless is true, Mrs. B. was a
twin of three ; her mother and father both being twins,
and her grandmother the mother of five pair of twins."
—New York Tribune.

Quoted in the Stamford Mercury^ Sep. 2, 1859.

It may be as well to remark that the greatest
number of children produced at one birth, of
which there is any well-authenticated record, is
five (see "N. & Q." P' S. ii. 459.) ; and of these
five children, three were still-born, and the other
two lived but a few hours. K. P. D. E.

Liverpool, Cespoole, Lerpoole (2"'* S. viii. 110.
198. 239.)— The question respecting "Cespoole"
is of some interest, and much more might be said
about it. Will our correspondent W. C, who
now feels satisfied that the word is Lerpoole, oblige
by sending the best fac-simile he is able of the
word as it stands in the " Diary," under cover to
the Editor of " N. & Q." P G. Y.

The Vulgate of 1482 (2'^'^ S. viii. 128.) — I
happen to possess a black-letter copy of the Vul-
gate similar to that described by J. C. G. L.,
only its date is 1484, and the number of lines in

each column is fifty-six. It is well margined with
manuscript marks and annotations in Latin in a
very old hand. At the close of the Apocalypse
there are these lines : —

" Fontibus ex Grascis, Hebreorum quoque libris
Emendata satis et decorata simul
Biblia sum pns* superos ego testor et astra.

Est impressa nee in orbe mihi similis.
Singula quaeque loca cum concordantibus extant
Orthographia simul quam bene pressa manet."

Then follows the imprint : —

" Exactum est incly ta in urbe Venetiarum sacrosanctum
Bibliae volumen integerrimis expolitusque litterarum ca-
racteribus. Magistri Johannis dicti Magni, Herbort de
Selgenstat Aleraani ; qui salva ocium pace ausum itlud
afiirmare, ceteros facile omnes hac tempestate superemi-
net. Olympiad! bus dominicis. Anno d. mcccclxxxiiii.
pridie Kalendas Maij."

I cannot speak as to the rarity of this edition,
further than that I have found it in no catalogue,
and that it is not noted in the Dictionnaire Biblio-
graphique (Paris, 1790), though no less than six-,
teen editions of the Vulgate (of the fifteenth
century) are given.

I have a small folio edition of the Vulgate, also
printed at Venice, 1542, with brief notes. My
copy contains the preface of Isodorus Clarius,
which is very rare, as it was afterwards struck
out of the impression by order of the Council of
Trent. H. B.

FiU-garlick (2°"^ S. viii. 229.) —The derivation
of this term seems one of those that it is impos-
sible to guess at. The way in which Chaucer
speaks of pulling garlick evidently points to some
popular anecdote which gave meaning to the
phrase.

On the arrival of the pilgrims at Canterbury
the Pardoner is cajoled by the buxom Tapster,
and having made a nocturnal appointment with
her he gives her money to purchase a good supper.
He returns at the appointed time only to find his
place occupied by a more favoured lover, who
eats his goose, drinks his caudle, and beats him
with his own stafi", driving him out to spend the
night under the stairs in fear of the dog. This
Chaucer calls pulling garlick : —

" And ye shall hear how the Tapster made the Par-
doner pull
Garlick all the long night till it was near end day."
Prol Merch. 2nd Tale, 122.

The specific meaning of the term Pilgarlick
seems, one put upon by those from whom better
treatment was to be expected. H. W.

Very (2"^ S. viii. 200.)— Is not this word, at
least in its intensive sense, derived from the
Greek ept- ? In the expression " Very God of
Very God " it must be derived from Verus.

P. J. F. GANTIIiliON.

• This contraction 1 cannot decipher. [It is a contrac-
tion for both penes KoAprasena. — Ed.]

258

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Smtt. 24. '59.

" O wTidr got ye that bonnie blue bonnet " (2"* S.
viii. 148.) — We are indebted to the courtesy of the
editor of the (Glasgow) Morning Journal for send-
ing us a copy of that paper containing the follow-
ing communication : —

" Ir the impression of your journal for Wednesday last,
under the heading « A Lost Flower of Scottish Song Re-
covered in Arabia,' it is stated that a correspondent of
Notes and Queries asks information regarding the ballad
there quoted. I am not aware that the ballad has found
a place in any published collection ; but I heard it sung
in Glasgow more than sixty years ago. I was then a
mere child, and have not heard it since — yet it is fresh
in my memory ; and I recollect an additional stanza with
which the song commenced. It was : —

'O! whar got ye that bonnie blue bonnet? —

Silly, blind body, canna ye see ?
I got it frae a braw Scotch callan,
Between St. Johnstone and bonnie Dundee.

' 0 ! gin I saw the dear laddie that gied me't ;

Fu aft has he dandled me on o' his knee :
But noo he's awa, and I dinna ken whar he's —
0 ! gin he were back to his minnie and me ! '

" If this information be of any interest to • Yemen,' it is
very much at his service. — I am, &c.,

" D. M. I.
" Stockbridge Manse,
Berwickshire, Sept. 9. 1859."

Leigh (2°^ S. v. 266.) — I thank Lancastri-
ENsis for his note, and have only to say that I
copied the spelling of both " Leigh" and " Boethes"
from several of the Harl. MSS., and though the
Lyme branch spelt their name " Legh," all the
other branches of the same family appear to have
used the i. Y. S. M.

Bonaventure's Works (2"'^ S. viii. 128. 178.218.)
— Your correspondent will find a list of Bona-
venture's Works in Fabricii Bibl. Lot. Med. et
Inf. JEtatis (vol. i. p. 692—70. ap. m.). My own
copy of Bonaventure (not his complete Works,
which form eight or nine volumes) is printed at
Paris, 1504, black letter. H. B.

Rire Jaune (2"'^ S. vii. 172.; viii. 218.)— In the
Dictionnaire du Bas-Langage (Paris, 1818, 2 vols.
8vo.), the following articles occur : —

" Jaune. Terme metaphorique et injurieux pour bete,
sot, imbecile."

" Dire des contes jaunes ou hleus. Dire des choses in-
croyables, des mensonges."

The use of rire jaune for a forced, affected, or
foolish laugh, seems to be allied with these appli-
cations of the yfovd jaune. L.

Dr. Shelton Mackenzie QiP^ S. viii. 169. 235.)—
It is now about four^r five years since a gentle-
man who knew Dr. Mackenzie informed me that
an account of his death had then recently ap-
peared in a New York paper, which entered, at
Bome length, into various particulars of Dr. M.'s
literary career, both in England and America.

Dr. M. had left this country for the United States
about two years before his death, of which Mr.
AiNswoRTH must have been ignorant when he
wrote to " N. & Q." J. Macrat.

Wife-selling (P' S. passim; 2"* S. i. 420. ; vi.
490.) — It seems that wives yet remain an article
of merchandise in some parts of England. The
following cutting is from the Record newspaper
of August 26th : —

"Selling a Wife. — The disgraceful exhibition of
selling a wife took place at Dudley on Tuesday night.
Hundreds of people were congregated in Hall Street, the
scene where the shocking spectacle was to be seen. The
first bid was l^d., and ultimately reached 6c?. Her hus-
band, in his ignorance thinks — this repeated three times
— she has actually no claim upon him. — Daily Telegraph."

Very quaint all this certainly is, and an ad-
mirable paragraph Mr. Froude would have written
thereon had he, when collecting materials for his
History of the Reign of Henry VIII., discovered
that such a scene had been enacted in the then
picturesque streets of one of our old county towns.
The vivid picture we should have had of the strong-
willed English people struggling, though some-
times abnormally, to break through the barriers
that had so long retarded their free develop-
ment, would have been worth anything ; but it is
not so pleasant to read of such a transaction in
last week's newspaper. One wonders whether
there are any magistrates in Dudley, and whether
there was a policeman on beat in Hall Street or
among the " large crowd " which another account
says followed the vendor shouting after him. For
the information of magistrates and policemen in
that neighbourhood and elsewhere, it may be as
well to reprint a paragraph that appeared in
" N. & Q." 1^' S. viii. 209. : —

" West Riding Yorkshire Sessions, June 28, 1837

Joshua Jackson convicted of selling his wife, imprisoned
one month with hard labour."

K. P. D. E.

Somersetshire Poets (2°* S. viii. 204.) — I ought
to have stated that, when speaking of Somerset-
shire as the birthplace of poets, I purposely ex-
cluded Bristol from it. Of course the names of
Southey, Chatterton, and others, will occur to the
minds of most people, but it is difficult to ascer-
tain which side of the Avon gave them birth,
and therefore whether the honour belongs to
Gloucestershire or to Somerset. C. J. Robinson.

Side Saddles (2"'^ S. viii. 187.)— See John Rous
in his Historia Regum Anglice (Hearne, 2nd edit.
p. 205.) : —

" Etiam mulieres nobiles tunc utebantur thiaris altis et
cornutis cum togis caudatis et sellis vel sediliis lateralibus
equorum, exemplo venerabilis Annse reginae, filije regis
Bohemia3, quas h£ec primum in regnum introduxit. Nam
prius mulieres de omni statu equitabant ut viri tibiis super
equos divaricatis."

Erica.

2'«i S. VIII. Sept. 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

259

Innismurray (2"'^ S. viii. 170.) — This " Isle of
the Sea," situated at the entrance of Sligo Bay, is
somewhat of a triangular form, containing about
200 acres of a shallow soil, the shore being ex-
ceedingly bold, almost entirely rock. As the in-
quiry of J. W. is directed to its early ecclesiastical
history, the reply must be limited accordingly,
though there is much interest in its cliffs, caverns,
fishery, geology, and above all, the manners of its
primitive population. In his early days, St. Co-
lumbe-kill, whose Life has been lately ably edited
by Dr. Reeves of Ballymena, together with St.
Molaisse, consecrated this island by their resi-
dence ; but the former, anxious to enlarge the
sphere of his Christian labours, sought his harvest
elsewhere. St. Molais^ remaining, built a church
there, one of the few Cyclopean structures now
remaining of the sixth century. St. Dicholla
died Its abbot in 747, as did Mac Laisre " the
learned " in 803. In 807 the island was laid waste
by the Danes. St. Molaisse's foundation is situ-
ated within an octangular area of nearly an acre
of ground, enclosed by a wall of fine workman-
ship, 9 feet thick and about 10 in height, wholly
without cement. The inner part is filled with
odd buildings, tombs, and burial-places, while
in the centre the principal edifice is about 8 feet
long by 4, and this is popularly styled the saint's
grave. There is another more remarkable struc-
ture, nearly round, about 8 feet wide, and roofed
with rough shapeless stones, laid on so carelessly
that everything inside can be seen through them ;
yet in this state, without the help of an arch, has
it lasted for centuries. Innismurray, with all this
northern sea-coast of Sligo, had been the in-
heritance of the O'Connor-Sligo from the thir-
teenth century to the civil war of 1641, when the
territory was swept from that Sept, and the
spoliation was sanctioned by a grant of 1674 from
Charles the Second to William Earl of Strafford
and Thomas Radcliffe, who soon after sold same
to Richard, Earl of Colooney. The greater por-
tion is now vested in Lord Palmerston, who has
done much towards improving the state of the
country and the habits of the people, while he is
not less zealous in preserving the venerable re-
ligious remains that survive over his lordship's
estate. John D'Alton.

Dublin.

Sheridan's Speech on Warren Hastings' Trial
(p.'^^S. viii. 131.) —

" Sheridan's speech on the Begums in the House of
Commons (7 Feb. 1787), admirable, — in Westminster
Hall (3 June, 1788), contemptible. I heard both." —
Lord Grenville (Recollections of Sam, Rogers, p. 181.)

E. H. A.

Rev. Peter Cunningham (2°* S. viii. 212.) — <
— There is an interesting letter from this gentle-
man to the Rev. Thomas Wilson, the learned
High Master of Clitheroe Grammar Sch(^l, in

the Selection from his Poems and Correspondence,,
with a Memoir, by the Rev. Canon Raines,
printed for the Chetham Society, p. 137., 1858.
Mr. Cunningham, in 1788, had been curate of
Eyam thirteen years, and speaks of " the former
variegated and adversity-shaded part of his life;"
but having become " reconciled of obscurity," had
refused Lord Rodney's offer of an introduction
to the Duke of Rutland, when Viceroy of Ire-
land, and also the chaplaincy of the British Fac-
tory at Smyrna.

Mr. C. names his two poems " The Naval
Triumph " and " The Russian* Prophecy." M. P.

" Harpoys et Fyssheponde " (2"* S. viii. 49.
115). — Harpuis is, as Mr. Boys has it, a Dutch
word, signifying " the mixture of pitch, tar, and
resin, used to rub the outside of ships with."
But Fyssheponde most likely means the Dutch
Vischwant, " fishing-nets." J. H. Van Lennep.

Huis te Leiduin, near Haarlem,
August 31, 1859.

Codex A. (2"'^ S. viii. 175.) — Mb. Buckton is
in error respecting the above MS. It is not, and
never was, at Cambridge, but was presented by
Charles the First to the British Museum, and
thve it remains to this day.

Mr. B. has probably confounded this Codex A.
or Alexandrinus, with Codex D., otherwise called
Codex Bezoe, or Cantdbrigiensis. The latter was
published in facsimile by Kipling, and contains
only the four Gospels, Acts, and a fragment of
the Catholic Epistles. The former contains, with
the exception of the first twenty-five chapters of
Matthew, nearly the whole of the N. T., and was
published in facsimile by Woide, folio, London,
1786. Messrs. Williams and Norgate have also
recently announced their intention to issue in a
cheaper form a literal copy of this celebrated
MS. Q.

Junius and Henry Flood (2"* S. viii. 189.) —
Flood's deterrant look at his wife may have been
meant to stop her from disclosing his friend's
secret, not his own. Were Francis and Flood
intimates ? H. C. C.

Primate BramhalVs Arms (2°^ S. v. 478.)— This
prelate bore for his arms " Sa. a lion rampant or,"
impaling those of his wife. Miss Hawley, " Vert,
a saltire engrailed, argent." The primate died 30
June, and was buried 18 July, 1663, in Christ
Church, Dublin. His widow died 24, and was
buried 25 Nov. 1665, at St. Peter's Church,
Drogheda. Y. S. M.

Anne Pole (2°* S. viii. 170.) — There are three
Miss Poles living near Sheviock in Cornwall,
direct descendants of Cardinal Pole. I have no
doubt that they can give Mr. Ellis every in-
formation respecting their ancestor. Notsa.

260

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2n« S. VIII. Sept. 24. '69.

MiictXlKmaui*

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PUBCHASB.

Manning's Sermons. Vol. IV.

Antonio dk Herbera, Historia General del Mukdo. In Three
Parts. Folio. Madrid, 1601.

Walton's Polyglott Bible, Folio. All Vols, except II. IV. V. and
VI. Or the above will be sold to anyone wanting them to complete a
set.

Da vies Gilbert's 8 vo. Pamphlet containing " Christmas Carol " in Cor-
nish. About 1826.

Breeches' Bible, 1611. An imperfect copy might do, but the imperfec-
tion must be stated.

Johnson's Lives of the Poets. 8vo. I?91. Vol. IV.

•«• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to Messrs. Bell & Daldt, Publishers of " NOTES AND
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Particulars of Price, &c.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
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An Arcb:xolooical Epistle to Dean Milles. 4to. 1772.
Wanted by W. H. Norton, Post Office, Lincoln.

' The Owl and the Nightingale (Wright.) Percy Society. No. 39.
The Poems op John Audelev (Halliwell.) Ditto. No. 47.

The Religious Poems op William de Shoreham (Wright.) Percy

Society. No. 85.
The Departing Soul's Address to the IJodv ; a Semi-Saxon Poem

(Sinaer.) 1845.
Guest's Histobv op English Rhythms. 2 Vols. 8V0. 1838.
The Edinburoh Review, No. 188. October, 1850.

Wanted by Mr. Jos. B. Russell, Rutherglen, Glasgow.

The Honour of the Gotjt; or, a rational Discourse demonstrating
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Man. 8vo. Either the 1699 or 1720 edition.
Wanted by E. /Sfater, Bookseller, 129. Market Street, Manchester.

Herman Mebitale's Lectures ok Colonisation. Longmans.
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jJottcfg t0 €axvt&pantsmts.

Anwng other Papers o/ interest which will appear in our next or the
following number, are Sir Walter Trevelyan's Ijist of Early Wynkyn de
Worde Tracts ; Sir O. C. Lewis on Ancient Names of the Cat'; No. 3.
of Founrlation Lists of Merchant Taylors' School: Elegy on Hobbes;
Curious Notes on Johnson's Lives of the Poets; tlie Lord Mayor of Dub-
lin riding the Franchises; and Aphara Behn, ^c.

ire are compelled to postpone until next week our Notes on Books.
Among other works waiting for szich notice is the most useful Catalogue
of Books of Reference in the Library of the British Museum.

We have again to request our correspondents to he precise in their Re-
ferences, both when replying to Queries (in which case the vol. and page of
the Queries can be added by them with very little trouble), and also in ori-
ginal communications. Few can have an idea of the time occupied, and
the labour entailed by the necessity of our verifying, and in many cases
gupplying precise references. We take this opportunity also of reminding
our friends how necessary it is that all Names should be distinctly
written.

Cheroot. The earliest mention of cigars yet recorded in " N. & Q." is
1740. *ee 2nd S. iv. 473.

R. H. N. B. Various explanatioTis ofthephrase " at Sixes and Sevens ' '
will be found in our Ist S. lii. 42S.

R. A. (Dundee.) We do not undertake to solve questions in Whist.
A revoke cannot be claimed after the cards are cut for the next deal, but
may be at any time before that, after the trick has been turned and
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P. G. whose Query respecting Sir James Flower appeared antfe p. 146.,
and Ursa Major, whose Query respecting Strength of Beer was inserted
p. 169., are requested to say how letters may be addressed to them.

A. B. R. " JSxitus acta probat," occurs in Ovid, Epistola, ii. 85.

Erratum — In the article on Z. Boyd, " N. & Q.," 2nd S. viii. p. 231.
col. ii. 1. 28, in the account of the first edition of Boyd's Holy Songs,
printed at Glasgow, the date should be " 1645," not " 1648."

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NOTES AND QUERIES:

gt gltirbm 0f |itifi:-C0imnunitatb«

fob

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price id. unstamped; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 194. — September 17th.

NOTES :_The Early Editions of Foxe's Book of Martyrs, by J. G.
Nichols — The Duke of Buckingham, a Ghost Story— The Great Ex-
hibition of 1851, by Prof. De Morgan — John Lilly, Dramatist, by
J. Yeowell.

Mmra Notes ; — Diligences — Synonymes — " Masterly Inactivity " —
Suffragan Bishop.

QUERIES : — The Great St. Leger: unde vocatur?- " Syr Tryamoure."
Minor Queries : — Canterbury Registers — Chickens feed Capons —
Curious Prophecy- Roast Lobster—" Anatomy of Melancholy " —
Discountenancing Bills of Exchange — Lieutenaut-General Thomas
Pearce — Ballop _ Chaumont Church — John Milton : a Latin Poem
against — Glow- worm Light — Cambridge Latin Plays — Legends of
Normandy and Brittany — Publication of Banns — Nonj urors and Ja-
cobites — Rev. Philip Ridpath, &c Bradstreet Pedigree -Two Kings

of Brentford— Abigail Hill (Lady Masham) — Cardinal Wolsey.

Minor Queries with Answers : — Heralds' Visitation; Assumption of
Arms — Inscription on a Ring— Leese : Lancers — " Pull Garlick " —
Mr. John Coleman — " Itacism "— Filleroy.

REPLIES : — Zachary Boyd — Malabar Jews, by J. II. Van Lennep,
— The Pretender, by Rev. W. Matthews — Chatterton MSS. — James
Moore.

Replies to Minor Queries- Dr. Shelton Mackenzie's Life of Dr.
Maginn — On Buying a Bible— Early Catalogues — Grotesques in

Churches — Rev. Richard Johnson — Inn Signs by eminent Artists

Lord Fane: Count de Sails — Bartholomew Cokes— The Termina-
tion " hayne" — Weapon-salve — Origin of the Judge's Black Cap-
Side-saddles, &c.

Notes on Books, so. ^

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : _

First Series, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 61. 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 37. I3s. 6d. cloth ; and

General Index to First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

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2°^ S. VIII. Oct. 1. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

261

LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1.1869.

No. 196. — CONTENTS.

NOTES :_ Ancient Names of the Cat, by Sir G. C. Lewis, 261 —Rare
Tracts by Wynkyn de Worde and Pynson, by Sir W. C. Trevelyan,
S63— London Sheriffs and Tenure- Services, 264— Shakspeare's House,
lb A phara Behn , 265.

MiNon Notes : — Family Professions — Cromwellian Relic — A Poet's
Vow— Shaving Statute — Mauve — Mary Queen of Scots, her Secre-
tary, 266.

QUERIES : — Hamlet Queries, by Dr. J. Elironbaum, 267.

Minor Qoebibs : _ Metcalf of Searby, County of Lincoln — Lucky
Stones — Danish Forts in Ireland — Louis the Fifteenth — Finsbury
Jail — Sir Francis Drake, his Portrait, &c. — Cibber's "Apology" —
Scire Facias Club — Detached Chapels : Becket's Crown —Sir Robert
le Gry s _ Manuscript Verse Translation of De Guileville's " Pilgrim-
age — Sir John Franklin _" Tale of a Tub " — Dean Swift, &c., 267.

Minor Queries with Answers:- Bocardo — Pensionary — Rev. Joseph
Grigg — Walpurgis — "Beaver" — Gofton, of Fookwell, Surrey —
Vigors — The Apreece Family, 270.

REPLIES : — The Early Editions of Foxe's Book of Martyrs, by Henry
Huth, P. H. Fisher, Lord Foley,&c,271 —Latin Poem against Milton,
by R. Brook Aspland, 272 — The Grotesque In Churches, &c., by H. T.
Ellacombe, &c., 273.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Pyne and Poulet — The Great St. Leger

— Why is Luther represented with a Goose? — Buchanan Pedigree —
Hypatia— Abbreviated Names of English Counties and Towns — Pews

— Sale of a Man and his Progeny : Serfdom — Legends of Normandy
and Brittany — Kentish Fire — Alexander Gordon, &c., 276.

Notes on Books, &c.

ANCIENT NAMES OF THE CAT.

In Greek, aixovpos properly signified the cat,
and 7o\^ the weasel ; but the ancients did not
distinguish accurately between the cat and the
weasel, and sometimes used their names indis-
criminately, as has been remarked by Perizonius
ad ^lian, V. H. xiv. 4., and Beckmann all Aristot.
Mir. p. 33.

The sanctity of the atxovpos in Egypt is de-
scribed by Herod, ii. 66, 67., and by Diod. i. 83.
87. Strabo states that all the Egyptians worship
the ox, the dog, and the aXxovpos, and that the
cit\ovpos of Egypt is tamer than that of other
countries (xvii. 1. 40. and 2. 4.). In all these
passages the cat is meant. See Wilkinson, Mari'
Tiers and Customs of Ancient Egyptians, 2nd S.
vol. ii. p. 161-8. on the worship of the cat, and
the cat-mummies. The sacred Egyptian cat is
called a feles by the Latin writers : " At vero ne
fando quidem auditum est, crocodilum, aut ibim,
aut felem violatum ab iEgyptio." (Cic. N. D. i.
29.) Temples were erected to feles, according to
Arnob. adv. Gentes, i. 28.

In the BatracTiomyomachia, the -yaXri, and not
the (£[\ovpos, is represented as the natural enemy
of mice. Thus, in v. 9. it is said that a thirsty
mouse, having escaped the dangers of a yaXeyi,
drinks water out of a pool. In v. 48. it is de-
clared that the three things which a mouse most
dreads are a hawk, a 70^677, and a trap ; but spe-
cially he fears a yaXeij, which pursues him into his
hole. In V. 131. a mouse complains of his un-
lucky fate in losing his three sons. The first was
killed by a hateful yaXir], catching him outside
M^ his hole. The second was caught by men in a

trap. The third was dragged down by a frog into
the water. In tliis poem the ya\(ri must denote
the weasel, as it is described as pursuing the
mouse into its hole. On the other hand Calli-
machus, in the Hymn to Ceres, v. 111., describes
the visitation of hunger with which Erysichthon
was cursed, by saying that he was driven to
eating mules and horses, " and the aXKovpos, which
the small animals dread." In Theocrit. Id. xv.
28., a proverbial saying is introduced, at 7aA6ai
ixaXuKus xplf<^^otnt KudevSiv, the application of which
is not obvious ; but it appears to refer to the cat,
and not to the weasel.

Aristotle, in his History of Animals, uses alfAow-
pos for cat, V. 2. He remarks that it eats birds,
ix. 6. In vi. 37. he says that wild 7aAar destroy
mice, and that the 70^^ kills birds in an ingenious
manner (jppov((iws) ; it attacks their throat, as a
wolf kills a sheep, ix. 6. (Compare Camus, Notes
sur VHist. des An. d'Aristote, pp. 119. 195.)

The ferret was called by the Greeks the Tar-
tessian yaXri ; this variety of the weasel tribe
having, as it appears, been originally a native of
the north-western region of Africa and the south-
western part of Spain. (See " N. & Q." 2°* S.
vji. 191.) Dureau de la Malle, in his paper on
the domestication of the cat, Annates des Sciences
Naturelles, torn. xvii. (1829), is mistaken in iden-
tifying the yaXft Taprqffia with the civet, Viverra
civetta, p. 188. The Uns of Aristotle, H. A. ix.
6., is, according to Dureau de la Malle, thefouine
.or the marte (the polecat or the martin). Others
have considered it a species of ferret ; Schneider
ad Aristot. H. A. vol. iv. p. 48. The ferret is
called Viverra by Plin. viii. 81.

The Greek mythology had a story of Galanthis
being metamorphosed into a weasel QyaXri). Ac-
cording to this story, as related by Ovid, when
Alcmena is in the pains of the labour which is to
bring Hercules into the world, Juno, from jea-
lousy, seeks to retard the birth, and she j)roduces
this effect by knitting her hands together in a
magic knot. Galanthis, a Theban woman, in-
duces her to relax this position by telling her
that the delivery of Alcmena is completed. The
charm is broken by this false intelligence, and the
infant Hercules is born. Juno, out of revenge,
changes Galanthis into a weasel.

Galanthis is thus described : —

" Una ministrarum, media de plebe, Galanthis,
Flava comas aderatj faciendis strenua jussis."

Her metamorphosis is pourtrayed as follows : —

" Strenuitas antiqua manet ; nee terga colorem
Amisere suum : forma est diversa priori.
Quae, quia mendaci parientem juverat ore,
Ore parit ; nostrasque domos, ut et ante, frequentat."
Met. ix, 306—323.

These verses allude to the mobility of the weasel,
to its flesh-coloured coat, to its being the inmate
of the dwellings of man, and to the fiction, accre-

262

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

(lited among the ancients, of its producing its
young by the mouth.

A similar tale is related by Antoninus Libe-
ralis, c. 29., from the Metamorphoses of Nicander,
a poem in hexameter verse by the author of the
extant Theriaca and Alexipharmaca, who flou-
rished 185—135 B.C. According to this version
it is the Fates and Ilithyia who retard the birth
of Hercules, and the Theban woman who deceives
them is named Galinthias. The latter is punished
by her conversion into a deceitful weasel, which
lives in a hole, and which produces its young, in
an unnatural manner, by the throat.

Other discrepant versions of the story occur in
JElian, Nat. An. xii. 5., where it is said that the
Tiiebans worshipped the weasel, either because it
had been the nurse of Hercules, or because, by
running before Alcmena, when she was in the
pains of labour, it accelerated the birth of Her-
cules. The malicious character and unnatural
habits of the jaKri are further alluded to in
iElian, N. A. xv. 11. Aristotle, Gen. An. iii. 6.
mentions with contempt the popular error that
the weasel produces its young by the mouth ; he
attributes it to the fact that the young of the
weasel are very small, and that It is in the habit
of carrying them in its mouth. A similar error
was prevalent In antiquity, that the goat breathed
through its ears. (Aristot. Hist. An. i. II.; iElian,
Nut. An. i. 53.)

In Latin, mnstela is properly a weasel, a feles a
cat ; but these names seem sometimes to be used
indiscriminately. The confusion was the more
natural as feles originally signified only a thief,
being derived from the Greek ^XrjT-ns. Thus in
Plaut. Pers. iv. 9. 14. the leno Is called " scelesta
feles vlrginaria," and again, " feles virginalis," in
Rud. iii. 4. 43.

Pliny, xxix. 16., says that there are two sorts
of mustela, the wild and the tame. The wild is of
large size, and is called 'iktu by the Greeks. That
which wanders about our houses, and (according
to Cicero) removes its yoxing every day, destroys
serpents. Alost of this passage is transcribed by
Isid. Orig. xii. 3. 3. The enmity of mustelce and
serpents is mentioned likewise by Pliny, x. 95.

Plautus, Stick. Iii. 2. 6., describes a mustela as
catching a mouse In the open air : —

" Auspicio hodie optumo exivi foras :
Mustek murem abstulit praeter pedes."

Palladius, a writer of the fourth century, in his
work on agriculture, in giving directions respect-
ing the cultivation of the carduus, says, " Contra
talpas prodest catos frequenter habere In mediis
carduetis. Mustelas habent plerique mansuetas,"
iv. 9. 4.

The stealthy habits of the feles in surprising
birds and mice, likewise Its habit of covering Its
excrements with earth, are described by Pliny? x.
94., where the cat is meant. Varro, R. R. iii. 11.,

directs that a receptacle for ducks should be so
constructed that a feles or any other animal may
not creep into It. Columella, viii. 15., gives simi-
lar instructions, but mentions the vipera as well
as the feles. Here, as the commentators remark,
a polecat or other animal of the weasel tribe is
signified.

The use of these words in the ancient fabulists
will throw light on their meaning.

In Babrlus, Fah. 17., an aXxovpos, laying snares
for the poultry, hangs himself from a peg, and
pretends to be a bag of flour ; the cock discovers
the trick. A fuller version of this fable is given
in ^sop. Fab. 28. ed. Coraes, where the ai\ovpos
Is described as using the same stratagem against
the mice. In Phgedrus, Iv. 2. it is however told
of the mustela and the mice.

In Babr. Fah. 121. an aiAoupos pretends to be a
physician, and visits a sick hen ; in ^sop, Fah. 6.
an aiKovpos catches, kills, and eats a cock.

In Babr. Fob. 27. a man traps a yaKt], and is
about to drown it. The animal begs its life, on
the ground of having done service by killing mice
and lizards. But the man retorts that it has
strangled the hens, and opened the meat-chest : so
It must die. In Phasdr. I, 21. the same fable is
told of the mustela.

In Babr. Fab. 31. a perpetual war Is described
as existing between yoXal and mice, the former
preying upon the latter. The same fable recurs
in Phajdr. iv. 6. with mustelce and mures.

Babr. Fab. 32. a yaKn, metamorphosed Into a
woman, runs after a mouse. The same word is
repeated in the Greek prose versions of the fable.
In La Fontaine, It is " La chatte metamorphosee
en femme."

wiEsop, Fab. 109. Cor. a bat caught by a laA.^
implores to be released; to which the yaKrt answers
that he is the natural enemy of all winged ani-
mals. The bat replies that he is not a bird, but a
mouse. Being caught by another yaXri, who says
that he is the enemy of mice, the bat replies that
he is a bat, not a mouse.

iEsop, JFah. 261. Cor., a snake and a yaXri lived
together in a house, and fought against one an-
other. The mice rejoiced at the enmity, and came
out to sec them do battle ; whereupon the com-
batants turned upon the mice. This fable alludes
to the supposed enmity of the weasel and the
snake, mentioned by Plin. ubi sup. ; Aristot., H.
A. ix. 5. ; iElian, iV. A. iv. 14.

.SJsop, Fab. 291. Cor., the yaKri complains that
he Is not allowed by his master to use his voice,
like the parrot ; but if he makes a sound, he is
chlded and driven away.

In the fable o^ aguila, feles, and aper, In Phajdr.
II. 4., the feles breeds in a cavity at the foot of a
tree, and climbs up the tree to the eagle.

From these passages it appears that the ancients
were in the habit of keeping some animal of the

2nd S. VIII. Oct. 1. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

263

weasel tribe, tame, in their houses, for the same
purpose for which we use the cat. The habits of
the two animals in destroying birds and mice were
similar, and their names seem to have been occa-
sionally confounded. It is stated by Dureau de
la Malle, in his Dissertation cited above, that the
polecat is susceptible of domestication.

The word catus, as we have already seen, is
used by Palladius to denote an animal kept for
the destruction of moles. This was probably some
animal of the weasel tribe, and not a cat. Isido-
rus, Orig. xii. 2. 38., has the following article :
" Musio [murio ?] appellatus, quod muribus infes-
tus sit. Hunc vulgus catum a captura, vocant."
It has been conjectured that the word is derived
from the old adjective cato,. which signified cun-
ning, wise. On the other hand, caluhis, as well as
catellus, appears to be a diminutive form of canis.
Taros and ydra for cat occur in mediaeval Greek.
Ducange, Gloss. Med. Gr. in v.

The v/ordfeles is lost in the Romance languages,
which use derivatives of caius. The same is the
case with the modern Celtic and Teutonic lan-
guages. Diez, Rom. Wort, in jGatto, p. 166.,
traces these forms to a Celtfc origin, which is im-
probable. G. C. Lewis.

HARE TRACTS BY WYNKTN DE WORDE AND
PTNSON.

The enclosed are notes of five tracts printed by
Wynkyn de Worde, and one by Richard Pynson,
which are either not mentioned in Dibdin's Typo-
graphical Antiquities, or are different editions
from those mentioned ; they are bound up in a
volume which contains also Nos. 169. 192, 193,
194. 370. 380. 405. 413. of Dibdin's list of the books
printed by W. de W., and No. 850. of those
printed by John Rastell. I sent to Dr. Dibdin
an account of the contents of the valuable volume
many years ago, but it was after the publication
of his T. A., and I know not whether he ever
made use of my information ; if not, it may interest
some of your readers to know of these (probably)
very rare tracts of Caxton's successor. The
volume is preserved in the valuable library at
Bamburgh Castle, and was probably previously
in the library of John Sharp, Archbishop of York,
the principal part of which was by his grandson
John Sharp, (one" of the trustees of the charity,)
bequeathed to Lord Crewe's trustees.

1. "In the name of God here begynneth the rule of the
ly vyiige of the bretherne and systers of the order of peny-
tentes." (Below this title is a woodcut of a vision of St.
Francis, &c.)

" Thus endeth the rule of the lyvj'nge of the bretherne
and sj'sters of ye ordre of penytentes. Enprynted at
London in Flete strete, at ye sygne of the sonne by Wyn-
kyn de Worde. In the j-ere of our lorde a.m.ccccc.
& X."

4to. on twelve leaves, to C. 3. At the end is

" Mons perfecciouis otherwyse in Englysshe, the hyll
of perfeccon."

device No. 5. of Dibdin's Typographical Anti-
quities.

2. Under a woodcut of a bishop ;

"Mons perfecciouis otherwyse in En
perfeccon."

On the reverse a woodcut of the crucifixion : —

"Exhortacio facta Cartusientibus et aliis religiosis p
venerandu in xpo patrem et diim dominii Johem Alcok
Eliens. episcopQ."

" Enprynted at Westmestre by Wynkyn the Worth ye
yere of our Lorde M.cccc.lxxxxvi., and in the yere of
the reyne of the moost vyctorj-ous prynce our moost na-
turell sovereyn lorde Henry the seventh, at the instaunce
of the ryght reverende relygyoua fader Thomas pryour
of ye house of saynt Anne the ordre of the Chartrouse,
and fynyshyd the xxij daye of the moneth of Septembre
in the yere abovesayd."

4to. on twenty-eight leaves, to E. 4. At end
woodcut of transfigui-ation.

Dibdin, No. 104., gives two later editions, viz.
May, 1497, and May, 1501.

3. " Here begynneth a lytell treatyse of the dyengc
creature enfected with sj'kenes uncurable with many
sorowfull complayntes." (Woodcut of a dying man ; oii
reverse a dying man with demons.) "Here endeth a
lytell treatyse of the dyenge creature. Enprynted at
London in Flete Strete in the sygne of the sonne by
Wynkj'n de Worde, Anno diii m.ccccc.vi." (Woodcut
of 'pope, cardinall, and kings kneeling to the Vir^jin.)
" O holy Mary, moder of God, praye for us synners."

4to. on sixteen leaves. On reverse of last leaf,
device No. 6. : an edition of the following year
(1507) is mentioned. No. 174.

4. Below the same woodcut of a bishop as in
No. 2.,

"Desponsacio virgini Xristo. Spousage of a virgj'n to
Cryste."

On the reverse, woodcut of crucifixion.

" An exhortacyon made to Relygyouse S3'sters in the
tyme of theyr consecracj-on by the Eeverende Fader in
God Johan Alcok bysshop of Ely."

" Enprynted at Westmjmstre by Wynken de Worde."
(Device, "No. 5. of Dibdin.)

4to, ten leaves, to B. 3.

5. " Here begynneth ye rule of our holy fader S.
Austen y' noble doctour." (Below woodcut of a writer
at his desk.) " Thus endeth ye rule of our blessyd fader
Saynt Austen, bysshop of Yponens, y* noble doctour.
Enprynted at London in Flete Strete at the sj'gne of the
Sonne by Wynkvn de Worde." (Device, No. 7. of Dib-
din.)

4to. six leaves, to A. 6.

6. " The boke of conforte agaynste all tribulacions."
(Above a woodcut of the crucifixion ; on reverse the same
cut. On fourth leaf a woodcut of the judgment of Pilate.)
" Sanguis eius super nos et sup filios nostros." (On leaf
14 the crucifixion again) ; on the 21st leaf, " Here after
foloweth the Prologe of the auctour upon the mater of
the seven mortal synnes and of the doughters or
braunches of them, and wythe theyr remedyes." (On re-
verse cut of author at desk ; on foL 32. cut of David and
Goliah.) " Here folowen the x comaudementes."

4to. fifty-six leaves.

264

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»«i S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

" Thus endeth thys ryght profitable tretj'se, Entyteled
the boke of consolacion or comfort agaynste al trybula-
cion. Enprinted in London by Rychard Pjmson. At the
sygne of the George in flete Strete."

Cut of crucifixion ; on reverse, device as 1. or
3, of Dibdin. W. C, Trevelyan.

Wallington.

liONDON SHERIFFS AND TENURE-SERVICES.

By an act passed in the last Session of Parlia-
ment (13th Aug.), two very ancient and singular
practices (which had long survived the purport of
their original institution) in connexion with the
" Presentation" at Westminster of the Sheriffs of
London and Middlesex, have been abolished.
They consisted in counting so many horse-shoes,
and the nails belonging to them, and of chopping
two pieces of stick with whittles or small knives.
Blount, in his Ancient Tenures (4to. Lond., 1815),
gives the origin of both these curious ceremonies
as follows : —

" Walter le Brun, farrier, in the Strand, in Middlesex,
was to have a piece of ground in the parish of St. Cle-
ment, to place a forge there, he rendering yearly six
horse-shoes for it. This rent was antiently wont to be
paid to the Exchequer every j'ear : for instance, in the
first year of King Edw. I., when Walter Marescellus paid
at the crucem lapideam six horse-shoes, with nails, for a
certain building which he held of the king in capita op-
posite the stone cross ; in the second year of King Edw. I.,
in the fifteenth year of King Edw. II., and afterwards.
It is still rendered at the Exchequer to this day by the
Mayor and citizens of London, to whom in process of
time the said piece of ground was granted." — P. 333.

The chopping with a whittle is thus given : —

"Walter de Aldeham holds land of the king, in the
More, in the county of Salop, by the service of paying to
the king yearly, at his Exchequer, two knives (whittles)
whereof one ought to be of that value (or goodness) that
at the first stroke it would cut asunder, in the middle, a
hasle rod of a year's growth, and of the length of a cubit
(half a yard), &c., which same service ought to be done
in the middle of the Exchequer, in the presence of the
treasurer and barons, every year, on the morrow of St.
Michael : and the said knives (whittles) to be delivered
to the chamberlain to keep for the king's use." — Pp. 317,
318.)

Under the new regulation, the future Sheriffs
of London and Middlesex are not only relieved
from the performance of the above ancient cere-
monies, but also from personal attendance at the
Court of Exchequer, accompanied by the Lord
Mayor, Recorder and Aldermen of London, to be
approved and sworn before the Lord Chief Baron.
Henceforth the Queen's Remembrancer will com-
municate her Majesty's approval of the Sheriffs
elect, and make the necessary records. The rents
and services in respect of the tenure of the waste
piece of ground called "the Moors," in the county
of Salop, and of a tenement called " the Forge,"
in the parish of St. Clement Danes, Middlesex,

may now be rendered by the corporation of
London, or by their authorised agent appointed
for that purpose, at the office of her Majesty's Re-
membrancer. Whether the Shropshire Moor is
still in the hands of the City corporation we know
not; but the Forge has long since passed away,
together with the Stone Cross that faced it at the
period of the original grant of the premises, a.d.
1235, temp. King Henry IH. Gogmagog.

shakspeare's house.

Most of the readers of "N. & Q." are aware
that in 1848 a band of spirited gentlemen (Messrs.
Dickens, Forster, and others) proposed, by means
of amateur theatrical performances, to raise a
fund for " the purchase of Shakspeare's house at
Stratford, and the establishment of a perpetual
curatorship to be held by one distinguished in
literature." This office was, in the first instance,
to be offered to Mr. Sheridan Knowles, who had
then retired from the stage in declining health.
The amateur performances, it will be remember-
ed, took place : Ijut it was said that Mr. Knowles
declined to accept an^ pecuniary advantage from
them, he having been otherwise provided for, by a
government pension.

This latter report, however, I have been told,
has since been publicly contradicted.

I have no doubt that, like myself, many of your
readers will be glad to learn how this matter
stands ; whose property Shakspeare's house now
is *, and to what purpose the funds realised by the
accomplished troop of amateur Thespians have
been appropriated.

I see it stated in the newspapers that a name-
sake of the poet has recently bequeathed a sum of
2500L for the formation of a Museum in the house
at Stratford, with an annuity of 60Z. for a custo-
dier.

But what suggested my Query at present was
the circumstance that a few days ago a friend
placed in my hands the lines which I enclose, and
which were intended to be spoken as Prologue to
the amateur performances in aid of the above
object, at Glasgow, in July, 1848. The verses
had been given to my friend by a well-known be-
nevolent gentleman, not long since deceased, who
had a marine villa at this place, A. S. D. Esq. of
Glasgow. Mr. D. took a leading part in making

[* The house at Stratford is now the propertj' of the
nation, for whom it is held by certain trustees, the Karl
of Carlisle being, we believe, the head of them. Mr.
John Shakspeare, who during his lifetime gave a large
sum, between 2000Z. and 3000/., for the upholding and
restoration of Shakspeare's house, at his death, some two
or three years since, left 2500/. more for the permanent
preservation of the liouse, gardens, &c., and charged bis
estate with an annuity of 60/. for a custodian ; but the
will has been disputed, and the matter is still subjudice.
—Ed. " N. & Q."]

2»d S. VIII. Oct. 1. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

S66

the arrangements for the amateur performances in
that city, principally, 1 believe, from feelings of
personal regard for Mr. Knowles, whose interests
were then supposed to be identified with the suc-
cess of the experiment.

Whether the Prologue was ever offered to the
amateur actors, my friend did not inquire : that it
was not spoken I know, having been myself pre-
sent at all their performances in the Glasgow
theatre.

The original MS. has the initial B. subscribed to
it. This, however, seems to be in the handwriting
of Mr. D., who stated to my friend that it was the
composition of a member of the University; and
the initial will apply to more than one individual
in that learned body.

The verses having never before been published,
should they appear to you deserving of a place in
" N. & Q." and prove the means of eliciting an
answer to the Query I have proposed, or any in-
formation of interest regarding the fortunes and
fate of Shakspeare's house at Stratford, my friend
authorises me to place them at your disposal.

M. (2.)

Helensburgh, 31st August, 1859.

" Lines intended to be spoken as Prologue, ^c.

" In ancient times when glorious Greece bore sway
In arts and arms the Albion of her day,
Could some fond finger, pointing to his hearth,
Proclaim ' 'Twas here Maeonides had birth : —
Here was his cradle : — toils and triumphs by
Here came at last the blind old man to dy,' —
O, with what pride had sage, had poet knelt
Beneath the roof where mighty Homer dwelt,
Worshipp'd each relic as a thing divine.
The house a temple, and the hearth a shrine !

"And lo! from every land, from every sea.
Troop pilgrim crowds to fair Parthenope,
Left unregarded, half thy wonders, Rome,
To gaze and flow at Virgil's honour'd tomb !
Sacred from change see proud Arezzo keep
The home that hush'd her Petrarch's infant sleep, '
From change Ferrara fence the modest cell
Where Ariosto wove his wizard spell !

" And shall thy sons on whose world-circling away
Ke'er sets the summer, and ne'er sinks the day.
Millions in every clime who own the tongue
In which thj' Shakspeare thought, thy Shakspeare sung,
Shall they who know where drew his earliest breath
Our more than Homer, where his last in death,
Profan'd to vulgar uses or forgot
A common ruin yield that hallow'd spot ?

" Britain ! forbid — forbid so foul a brand
Should stamp for scorn thy Shakspeare's father-land.
From Vandal's touch, from time, from tempest's rage.
Be his hearth sacred still, from age to age,
A nation's care, a wide world's pilgrimage !

" There youthful genius where great Shakspeare trod
Shall find his call, and own th' inspiring God ;
There musing mindful of the mighty dead
Shall statesmen, orators, and sages tread ;
And while they ponder on his matchless line.
Where wit with wisdom strives, and both divine.
High thoughts shall trance them, and high fancies feast.
The house a fane, a poet for its priest !

" Ah ! yes — a poet for its priest — how meet !
And needs an actor too ? In both complete
See Nature boon to j'our own Knowles impart
The poet's fancy, and the actor's art I

" Here where kind hearts his merits prompt to scan
Admir'd the poet as they lov'd the man,
Fann'd his first soarings with their fond acclaim,
Nerv'd his young wing and cheer'd him forth to fame,
Not here — not here — fair daughters of the Clyde,
Our plea for genius shall be coldly tried : —
No spur needs here to willing hearts that yearn
To cast their stone on Shakspeare's hallowed calm !

" And O ! count mockery the barren aid
Would starve the living, and endow the dead !
Discreetly generous, be it yours to yield
Due meed to both : — from shameful ruin shield
On Avon's bank that consecrated dome, —
Give Shakspeare honour, and give Knowles a home ! "

APHAKA BEHN.

Glimpses of occult history may not unfre-
quently, like spai'ks from a flint, be struck out of
a neglected petition or a spurned memorial. The
brief story of a life, the notings of family or de-
scent, with other genealogical or biographical
memoranda, recorded truthfully no doubt (for the
writer, being generally in some position of distress
or grievance, would hardly adduce facts unable to
bear the severest scrutiny,) may be gathered from
the few lines addressed to those in power by way
of petition.

Some are written evidently by the elegant quill
of a professional scribe, with every embellishment
of penmanship, as though the prayer would be
entitled to attention by the carefulness of its calli-
graphy. Some are dashed off with an impatient
and careless scrawl — a few are to be found bear-
ing the signatures of the writer; but rarely ever
do we meet with any to which the date is attached.
The rationale of this is dubious. Why not date a
petition ? Many, unread, doubtless have been
tossed among a heap of similar documents, and
unnoticed have been destined to the fire. Papers
of this description, if unresponded to after a long
period, might be considered as too remote to de-
serve attention ; but by undating it, the petition
was preserved as it were evergreen, and ready to
be used on any occasion or presented at any con-
venient season.

Under these circumstances a clue is to be sought
for in the references and reports which are some-
times inscribed upon the memorial itself, but
oftener to be found in an especial book kept for
this purpose. I have met with a few of Mrs.
Aphara Behn ; in one of which she for some pur-
pose curiously appears to have transposed her
baptismal name, and rendered it Fyhare. By
changing the position of letters, we have Afhyre,
which approximates closely to Aphara as she calls
herself in petition No. 2. No. 3. has the initial
only, " Mrs. A. Behn." My inquiry is directed

266

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<i S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

to the transaction herein alluded to, and the debt
of 150/. From her biography I glean nothing,
except that it would appear she was officially em-
ployed, in the reign of King Charles II., as resi-
dent female agent at Antwerp during the Dutch
war : ladles at that period being often similarly
engaged. Can any of your contributors throw
light upon this episode in her history ? This pe-
tition was probably hurriedly written under men-
tal and pecuniary distress, as may be inferred
from the transition from the first to t^he third
person, &c. : —

" The humble peticon of Fyhare Behn,

" Sheweth,

" That after long waiting on M"" Killigrew for y^ loO'i
due to Edward Bultler (for v/'^^ I petitioned j-o'^ Mat'<^
severall times), and being at last ordered to go to my
Lord Arlington (whom he said had order from vo'' Ma''^
to pay it), his Loi' said he had neither monies nor orders,
and M'' Battler being out of all patience hath taken his
revenge in arresting yC petition^.

" Yoi" petic, therefore, most humbly beggs that yo''
Ma'''= will take some compassion upon her condicon, and
not to lett her suffer for what was done to serve yo'' Ma''«
only, and be gratiously pleased to order him his money
that I may not perish here.

" And yo"^ pef, &c."

In another petition she alludes to Mr. E. But-
ler having come to town, and allowed her but one
week's grace to pay tjiis loOZ., after which he pur-
poses to use all imaginable severity. Trusts the
king will not let her languish in prison, but will
order payment of the money which Mr. Hallsall
and Mr. Killigrew know is so justly due.

A third petition excuses her again approaching
the king after two years' suffering. Is threatened
with an execution in this business of Mr. Butler.
Prays an order for payment of this money may be
made either to Mr. May or Mr. Chiffinch.

Ithubiel.

Family Professions. — I extract from Burke's
Peerage., Sfc. the following remarkable statement :
James (xraves, Esq., had two sons, the younger of
these, Rear Admiral Thomas Graves (1.), had a
son, Admiral Thomas Graves (2.), created Lord
Graves ; the elder son of James Graves, Samuel,
had two sons, the younger one was Admiral
Samuel Graves (3.) ; the elder son, the Rev.
John Graves, had four sons, 1. Rear Admiral
Samuel Graves (4.) ; 2. Admiral John Graves
(5.) ; 3. ^''ice Admiral Sir Thomas Graves, K.B.
(6.) ; 4. Admiral Richard Graves (7.). And as a
parallel case, Sir Wm. Rowley, K.B., Admiral of
the Fleet (1.), had two sons ; the elder. Rear Ad-
miral Sir John Rowley (2.) was created a baronet ;
his eldest son, Sir William, had a son. Rear Ad-
miral Sir Joshua Ricketts Rowley (3.), 3rd Bart.
Sir John, had two other sons, Vice Admiral Bar-
tholomew Samuel Rowley (4.) and Admiral Sir

Charles Rowley (5,), created a baronet; three
cousins German (sons of Clotworthy, younger
son^ of Admiral Sir William), were Admiral Sir
Josias Rowley (6.) and Rear Admiral Samuel
Canipbell Rowley (7.). The various baronet
families of Parker, although apparently uncon-
nected with each other, include no less than ten
admirals and a commander R,N. amongst them.

Y. S. M.

Cromtvellian Relic. — On a fly-leaf in the Amer-
sham register^ occurs the following note, written
by the Rev. — Robertsh.aw, who was formerly
rector of Amersham : —
" Oct.
y"' 19. Francis Eussell, Auditor.

" This Francis Eussell lived at y« Hill farm in y®
Parish of Chalfont St. Giles, and on y« confines of this
Parish ; he was one of Oliver's justices, and a fit man for
y^ times. I knew his son, a kind of non. con., who came
to poverty and sold ye farm. General Fleetwood lived at
y" Vache, and Russell on y« opposite hill ; and M'* Crom-
well, Oliver's wife, and her daughter, at Wood-row, High
House, where afterwards lived Captain James Thompson.
So the whole county was kept in awe, and became ex-
ceedingly zealous and very fanatical, nor is the poison
j-et eradicated. Buty® w'^*' persons are gone and y« Hamp-
den s agoin.

"C.(?)R. 1730."
A.

A Poofs Vow. — Many authors have written
their personal vows or aims — their " Hoc erat in
votis," " I've often wished," &c. Perhaps one of
the noblest is that of Pindar. After describing
the wicked, and specially the slanderous, he ex-
claims : —

" Etrj jaij frOTt ^oi TOi-

ovTOv -ijffos, Zev iraTep, 'AAAa (ceAtvfloi?
'AirAdat? fioas i^arrroiixav, Savoiv co?
Hoieri kAc'os /ht) to 5v<T^afXoi' irpocrd'j/u).
Xpuo'bi' evxovrai, mSiov 5' erepot
'AirepavTOV' iyi) S' acrroii aSuiv (cat
X6ovt yv'ia KaKviraL-

p.', alvdiav alvTiTO. p-op,-

^av 5' im(xneCpiav dXiTpois,"

Nem. VIII. 59-G7.

Francis Trench.

Islip Rectory.

Shaving Statute. — In a parliament held at Trim
by John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, then Lord-
Lieutenant, anno 1447, 25 Henry VI., it was
enacted " That every Irishman must keep his
upper lip shaved, or else be used as an Irish
enemy." The Irish at this time were much at-
tached to the national foppery of wearing musta-
chios, the fashion then throughout Europe, and for
more than two centuries after. The unfortunate
Paddy who became an enemy for his beard, like
an enemy was treated ; for the treason could
only be pardoned by the surrender of his land.
Thus two benefits accrued to the king, his ene-
mies were diminished, and his follov/ers provided
for ; many of whose descendants enjoy the con-
fiscated properties to this day, which may appro-
priately be designated Hair-breadth estates. The

^« S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

267

effects of this statute became so alarming, that the
people submitted to the English revolutionary
razor, and found it more convenient to resign
their beards than their lands. This Agrarian law
was repealed by 11 Charles I., after existing two
hundred years. J. Y.

Mauve. — Although, if we may believe the au-
thor of " Perkin's Purple," in All the Yea?' Round
for September 10th, we are not quite correct in
describing the fashionable colour as mauve, yet it
may be interesting to some of the fair wearers to
know that they have beeo anticipated by about
•2000 years. We read, in the Aulularia of Plau-
tus*, V. 468., ed. Hildyard, iii. 5. 40., ed. Weise,
respecting the expenses attendant on being mar-
ried, " Solearii adstant, adstant molochinarii"
dyers of the colour of mallow, on which passage
Hildyard quotes from Par. Lex. Plant. : " Qui
colorera tingunt ad purpuram inclinantem, qualis
in malvccfiore spectatur," P. J. F. Gantillon.

Mary Queen of Scots, her Secretary. — In the
Globe of Sept. 15, 1859, under the French news,
we read : —

" III the churchyard of Hulpe, a village near Brussels,
an obscure tomb is found to bear this inscription: 'Cy
gist S'' Charles Bailley, secretaire delay Royne d'Ecosse,
decapitee pour lay foy Catholiq. qui trepassa 27 X' age
de 84 ans.' Among the numerous biographers of Mary
Stuart none seem to have cognisance of this secretary."

If the Scottish queen's biographers have omit-
ted mention of the octogenarian interred as above,
the Calendar of State Papers (Scotland) might
have been successfully consulted to identify the
individual : for one of its documents records a
Charles Bailly, a papist who lived with the Queen
of Scots when her husband was murdered, and
who was also a prisoner in the Tower of London.
One paper mentions his being in the Marshalsea,
while another designates him as a Queen of Scots'
man, a dangerous fellow, a minister to and
concerned in the ill-doings of the Bishop of Ross,
&c., &c. Cl. HoprER.

HAMLET QUERIES.

You would extremely oblige me if you could
procure the answers to the following questions.
They were sent to me from the Regisseur of the
Royal Theatre at Berlin, who is very anxious to
have them answered as correctly as possible. I
have been informed that the best plan for that
purpose is to address myself to you ; therefore,
you will forgive the trouble which I give you.

1. Is the tale — "The rugged Pyrrhus — he
whose sable arms" — invented by Shakspeare ? If
not, by whom ?

' Born B.C. 258.

2. Does there exist a piece, "The Murder of
Gonzago," of which Hamlet said —

" The story is extant, and written in very choice
Italian."

Who is the author ?

3. Suppose the piece does exist, it is Italian, as
is proved by the names of Gonzago and Baptista ;
nevertheless we find : —

" This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna."

4. " Gonzago is the Duke's name," says Ham-
let, and yet we read, *' the player King." How is
that?

5. " This one Luvianus, nephew to the King."
Why nephew, Claudius being the brother of the
murdered King ?

6. The following words of Hamlet :

" The croaking raven doth bellow for revenge."
Where are they taken from ?

7. Hamlet says to the player :

" You could for a need study a speech of some dozen
or sixteen lines, which I would set down and insert?
Could you not ? "

Which are these inserted lines ?

8. In Germany, Hamlet directs his advice —
"Speak the speech, I pray you," &c. — to that
actor who has already recited " The rugged Pyr-
rhus," and has it done so well that Hamlet says of
him, " A broken voice, and his whole function."
Why then that advice to such an excellent actor ?
Or does he perhaps direct his advice to some
other player ?

9. Is the dumb show acted in England, and by
the same actors who perform " The Murder of
Gonzago," or by others ?

10. Is "The Murder of Gonzago" acted in the
same costume as that of Hamlet ? or in what kind?

J. Ehronbaum, Dr.
Royal Military College, Famborough, Hants.

Metcalfof Searby, County of Lincoln. — Stephen
Metcalf, son of the Rev. Stephen Metcalf, vicar
of Searby, near Brigg, county of Lincoln, married
Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Nicholas Bayly,
Bart., and sister of Henry Bayly-Paget, created
Earl of Uxbridge in 1784. Is anything known
of the Metcalf family beyond the particulars above
stated ? T. R,

Lucky Stones. — The sea-beacb near my resi-
dence is noted for its abundance of " lucky
stones," that is, pieces of gravel or flint stone
with holes through. Some coasts are, as I am
informed, entirely (or nearly so) destitute of
them. Will anyone tell me what is the cause of
their configuration, and of their greater or less
rarity in different localities ? Dubius.

268

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d s. VIII. Oct. 1, '69.

Danish Forts in Ireland. — In the Sale Cata-
logue of Mr. Bradish's library (Dublin, 1829), of
which I have a copy with the prices and pur-
chasers' names, there appears the following item
amongst the MSS. p. 51. : —

« A Conversation, or Colloquy upon the Danish Forts
in Ireland, and various other Curiosities. This MS. ap-
pears extremely antique, and bears the autograph of
Arthur Chichester."

It was purchased by "Mullen" for twelve
guineas. Can anyone tell me where it is now
deposited ? Abhba.

Louis the Fifteenth. — In the report of the curious
trial for forgery of Mr. Humphreys or Alexander,
the pretender to the title of Earl of Stirling on
29th April, 1839, which resulted in his conviction,
at p. xciii. of Appendix to Introduction occurs
the following passage : —

" Louis XV„ a prince who is believed to have written
only two words in his reign, — his own name ' Louis R.,'
and the word ' Bon ' as an approval of any document sub-
mitted to him. His disapproval was marked by a line
deleting the proposal, to save the fatigue of further pen-
manship, which indeed he so carefully eschewed that even
his notes to his mistresses were written by a secretary."

What foundation is there for such a strange
account ? Y. S. M.

Finshury Jail. — In the Diary of William White-
way of Dorchester, 1618-34, Egerton MS. 784.,
mention Is made of the following incident : —

" May, 1621 : Sir Francis Mitchell, being one of Sir
Giles Mompesson's cousins, was sent unto Finsbury Jail,
a place made by him for rogufis, and made to ride on a
lean jade backwards through London, holding the tail in
his hand, and having a paper upon his forehead, whereon
was written his offence."

Taylor the Water- Poet, in The Praise and Ver-
tue of a Jayle and Jaylers, 1630, also notices it : —

" Lord Wen tworth's jayle within White Chappell stands.
And Finsbury, God blesse me from their hands ! "

Can any one spot the precise locality of Fins-
bury Jail ? J. Y.

Sir Francis Drake, his Portrait, ^c. — A con-
temporary pamphlet in MS., entitled An Answer to
a Pamphlet slandering Queen Elizabeth, takes note
that the Duke of Florence placed the portrait of
Sir Francis Drake " in his gallei-y amongst the
princes of that tyme." It tells us moreover, very
gravely, that his very name was a byword, and
employed as a bogie to terrify ill-humoured chil-
dren, — that " hee did so beestirre hym as he
frighted many Jn his passages on the sea-coast.
Insomuch as ihe women, when theire children
cryed, to still them they wold say : ' Howld yo'
peace, Drake comes.' " It relates farther that the
queen knighted him with the sword of the French
Ambassador. Is the portrait above alluded to
known to be at present in existence ?

Abbacasabba.

Cither's ^^ Apology.'" — Would some gentleman,
well up in Fielding, and especially In Tom Jones,
oblige me by mentioning the exact terms used to
describe Colley Cibber's Apology, — a saying that
he had lived the life he did to be able to write such
a book ? F. S.

Scire Facias Club. — A friend has given me
the following, copied, he says, from the original
in the chtirchyard of Dunboyne, co. Meath : —

" This monument was erected by the members of the
Scire Facias Club to the memory of John Hamilton,

Esq., of Ballinacoll in this parish, who died on the

daj' of August, 1784."

I have tried, but hitherto in vain, to trace the
origin and history of this attorneys' club, farther
than that it eventually merged in the Law Club
of Ireland. A society with so singular a name
ought, I think, to have some records of its exist-
ence, even though, as I have heard, it was a
convivial club. Y. S. M.

Detached Chapels : Beckefs Crown. — A rumour
has gone forth that the Dean and Chapter pur-
pose to take In hand the long-delayed restoration
of the east end of Canterbury Cathedral, popu-
larly known as "Becket's Crown." It would
interest me under these circumstances (and might
prove useful also) If any of your architectural
correspondents could recall any similar examples
of a semi-detached chapel at the east end, particu-
larly If they could specify the nature of the roof
in such cases, and the method of juncture with
the main building, whether by flying buttresses
or otherwise. The only analogous eastern ending
I am acquainted with is that of the Marienklrche
at Lubec. Fagus.

Sir Robert le Grys. — Could any of your kind
correspondents give me any Information about
"Sir Robert le Grys, Knight?" He " rendred
English," in two bookes, Velleius Paterculus his
Romane Historie, 12mo., 1632. Also,

" John Barclas' his Argenis, translated out of Latine
into English, the Prose upon his Majesties command by
Sir Robert le Grys, Knight, and the Verses by Thomas
May, Esquire, &c. 4to. 1654."

Belater-Adime.

Manuscript Verse Translation of De Guileville's
" Pilgrimage." — Mr. Gillies, an advocate, who re-
sided at Brechin some years ago, was In posses-
sion of a valuable library, in which it Is said that
there was a MS. verse translation of De Guile-
ville's Pilgrimage of Man, supposed to have been
the identical one which Bunyan had with him In
prison. Can any of your readers give any in-
formation as to what became of this MS. ? as his
library was sold, and probably dispersed. Anon.

Sir John Franklin. — We have now learnt that
Sir John Franklin died in 1847. I remember to

2«* S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

269

have seen, about the year 1848-49, an account
which appeared in various Indian newspapers of a
clairvoyante, a little girl of European parentage,
but who had never been out of Calcutta. She
was represented as saying that Sir John was dead ;
but as she gave various details regarding the ship
and crew, it would be interesting to compare it
with Capt. M'^Clintock's statement, could any
reader of " N. & Q." lay his hands upon this nar-
rative. SiBKAR Ka NaKUK.

''The Tale of a Tub." — It is assumed by the
biographers — by Scott and Mason certainly —
that Thos. Swift set up pretensions to be one of
the authors, if not the principal author, of this
work ; and that he, Thos., was the author of the
" Complete Key" to it, and therefore responsible
for what appears therein. It is certainly stated
in the "Key" that The Tale was written by "a
couple of young clergymen," " generally (and not
without sufficient reason) said to be Dr. Jonathan
and Thomas Swift." From a subsequent state-
ment we must infer that the first part of The
Tale was written solely by Thomas, who is spoken
of as " the author;" and the writer of" The Key"
says that " when he had not yet gone half way,"
his companion. Dr. Jonathan, "carried it with
him to Ireland, and having kept it seven years,
at last published it imperfect, for indeed he was
not able to carry it on after the intended method ;
because divinity (tho' it chanc'd to be his profes-
sion) had been the least of his study." This is
follovved by some details as to the "digressions"
contributed by Jonathan.

This " Key" was published by Curll, 1710 ; not
the very best of authorities, and even thus early
in personal antagonism to Jonathan. What is the
authority for attributing "The Key" to Thos.
Swift ? All I find referred to is Swift's letter to
Tooke, wherein Swift speaks of "The Key" as
perfect Grub Street, which will be forgotten in a
week ; and he thus concludes :

" I cannot but think that little parson-cousin of mine
[Thomas] is at the bottom of this ; for having lent him
a copy of some part * * he affected to talk suspiciously,
as if he had some share in it."

Swift, I think, means merely that the foolish
talk of Thomas had suggested the idea of joint-
authorship to the Grub Street bookseller — not
that Thomas wrote " The Key." T. T. T.

Dean Swift. — Was there any relationship be-
tween the Swifts — through Godwin Swift, or
his sons or daughters — and Colledge "the Pro-
testant joiner," who was hanged. Jonathan was
very early intimate with Mrs. Goodwin, Colledge's
daughter, who, soon after the revolution, had
some appointment about the Court, with apart-
ments at Whitehall. Swift makes honourable
mention of her ; and in his Journal, May 17,
1711, he says: "This noble person and I were

brought acquainted, some years ago^ by Lady
Berkeley." This carries us back to the time when
Lord Berkeley was one of the Lords Justices of
Ireland, and Swift was his chaplain and secretary,
and leads me to infer that the introduction may
have taken place in Dublin. Is there any evi-
dence that the Loudon joiner's daughter was in
Dublin ?

Luttrell twice makes mention of Mrs. Goodwin,
and calls her sister to Colledge. I presume this
is a mistake, as it is not likely that Colledge had
both a sister and daughter of that name.

July, 1682. " Mrs. Goodwin, sister to Stephen Colledge,
lately executed for treason, is committed to Newgate, on
the information of her own husband, for treason,"

4th Sept. 1682. " Mrs. Sarah Goodwin, sister to Stephen
Colledge, was tried for high treason, on the testimony of
her husband, for treasonable words spoken; but there
being no other evidence against her, she was discharged."

D. E. S.

Minshew and early English Dictionaries. — Can
any of your correspondents give me information
of the author of The Guide into Tongues, — " John
Minshew?" A copy of the 2nd edition is in my
possession, dated 22nd July, 1625. Also, whether
there exists any list of Dictionaries of the English
language published previous to the 1st edition of
Johnson ? G. D. Y.

John Baynes. — In the month of December,
1779, a great reform meeting was held at York, at
which meeting one John Baynes, a young barris-
ter, made a speech which made a great sensation
at the time. A copy of this speech is wanted by
a member of his (John Baynes) family, and also
any particulars of the said John Baynes, who was
an intimate friend of Sir Samuel Romilly.*

This gentleman also composed various scraps of
poetry for the London Courant, a paper published
prior to the year 1787. The poems came out
under feigned and various names. A clue is
wanted to these names, and also any of the poems,
if they are to be had. W. H. N".

Nautical Heraldry. — On the gravestone of a
merchant of the sea-coast town of Bridlington,
Yorkshire (who died about two hundred years
since), besides his own family arms, are carved
the following, viz. on a shield, an anchor entwined
with a cable. Crest. Upon helmet and wreath a
single-masted vessel, without sails; supporters,
two mermaids. Motto. " Deus dabit vela." I
imagine these to have been the insignia of some
guild or company of which the deceased may have
been a member, but I have not been able as yet
to discover one. I shall be obliged if any reader
of "N. & Q." can inform me upon the point.
The device on the shield is similar to that used by
the Admiralty on seals, &c. C. J.

[• An interesting a<pount of John Baynes is given in
the Gent. Mag. for August, 1787, p. 742. ; and his epitaph
by Dr. Parr in Dec. 1805, p. 1141. — Ed.]

270

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2»<' S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

Bocardo. — Over and above standing for a cer-
tain mood of syllogism, this word was used in the
seventeenth century as a cant name for some ,
prison. What prison, and why ? All I can make '
out is, that it was not the King's Bench.

A. De Morgan.

[Nares, in his Glossary, edit. 1857, informs us that the
" Bocardo is the old north gate of Oxford, taken down
in 1771. There is a good view of it in the first number of
Oxonia Antiqua Restaurata. Whether it was originally
so named, from some jocular allusion to the Aristotelian
syllogism in Bocardo, I have not discovered. It was used
as a prison ; and hence the name was sometimes made a
general term for a prison. ' Was not this [Achab] a
seditious fellow? — Was he not worthy to be cast in bo-
cardo or little-ease?' — Latimer, Serm.', fol. 105. C. Bo-
cardo was the last prison of that good man himself,
before his shameful murder ; to himself a glorious mar-
tvrdom, Its downfal was celebrated by Oxford wits,
both in Latin and English. One says, —
' Num jam
Antiqui muri venerabilis umbra bocardo
Visitur Oxonii ? Salve hand ignobile nomen ! '

Dialogtts in Theatr., 1773.
The other, —

• Rare tidings for the wretch whose ling'ring score
Remains unpaid, bocardo is no more.'

Newsman's Verses, 1772, by Warton.
Socardo, as a logical term, for a particular kind of syllo-
gism, occurs in Prior's Alma, canto 3. • There are many
in London now adaies that are besotted with this sinne,
one of whom I saw on a white horse in Fleet street, a
tanner knave I never lookt on, who with one figure (cast
out of a scholler's studie for a necessary servant at bo-
cardo) promised to find any man's oxen were they lost,
restore any man's goods if they were stolne, and win any
man love," where or howsoever he settled it.' — Lodge's
Incarnate Devils, 1596."]

Pensionarg. — Can you enlighten me as to the
meaning of "Pensionary " applied to De Witt and
certain other statesmen of Holland. Fagus.

[A pensionarj- is one who receives a pension from go-
vernment for past services, or a yearly allowance from
some prince, companj', or individual. Grand Pensionary
is an appellation formerly given to the chief magistrate
of the republic of Holland, who was a member of the
Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands. The Pen-
sionary was the president of the council of the states or
legislature of Holland, and he was for the time the first
minister of the republic. He was elected for five years,
but was generally confirmed indefiniteh-, and often for
life. Pensionary was also a name given to the first minis-
ter of the regencj' of any city in Holland.]

Itev. Joseph Grigg. — Any information con-
cerning the Rev. Joseph Grigg of St. Albans
(author of some few hymns), who died at Wal-
thamstow, Oct. 29, 1768, would be acceptable;
also the date of his small book of hymns, which
was printed several years after his death. Z. (1.)

[Joseph Grigg was assistant minister to Mr. Bures of
Silver Street, London ; but upon the death of the latter,
Mr. Grigg retired from this serv^. He married a lady
possessed of considerable property, the widow of Colonel
Drew. He died at Walthamstow, Oct. 29, 1768. He

published nineteen hj'mns in a 12mo. volume, entitled
Hymns, bj' the late Rev. Joseph Grigg, Stourbridge.
Amongst these is that well-known hymn, — •
" Jesus ! and shall it ever be,"

which has been ascribed to so many different persons. —
Gadsby's Memoirs of Hymn Writers and Compilers, p. 63.]

Wcdpurgis. — What is the exact meaning and
derivation of this word ? The dictionaries simply
say " the 1st of May." Philologicus.

[Although Feb. 25. stands in Butler as the day of St.
Walburge, a considerable portion of her relics was in-
shrined at Fumes Maj' 1st, whence the name Walpurgis
has become connected with the latter day, not with the
former. Indeed her chief festival is placed in the Belgic
Martyrology on May 1. (Butler.) Respecting the deri-
vation of the name itself (Walburge, Walpurga, Vau-
bourg, &c.), Butler states that the " English Saxon name
Walburge is the same with the Greek Eucharia, and sig-
nifies gracious." St. Walburge was undeniably of English
origin ; but we find what some will probably consider a
more likely derivation of her name (probably assumed
when she entered the monastery of Winbourn, or when
she took the veil), in the Italian name Valpurga. Al-
though Walpurgis-night (Walpurgisnacht) is generally
believed in Germany to be the night of a great muster of
German Avitches, it does not appear that the term Wal-
purgis has any connexion with this gathering, beyond
the fact that the night itself happens to be that which
precedes the 1st of May, on which, as we have seen, the
festival of St. Walpurgis is held. In like manner " Hal-
loween " was supposed in Scotland to be a night when
witches, &c. are all rambling abroad, so that there was
no such night in the year for intercourse with them ; and
to " baud Halloween " was to observe the rites supersti-
tiously or sportively connected with that evening. But
the term Halloween itself had originally no necessary
connexion with these notions or observances, being
simpl}', in its proper signification, the evening preceding
All Hallows, or All Saints Day. So Walpurgis-night,
on which witches assemble, is'simply the eve of St. Wal-
purgis, the night between May 1. and April 80 ; and the
reason for the assembling of witches at that particular
time is said to be just this, that May 1. was formerly the
first daj' of the j'ear. Adelung, W'drterbuch, on Wal-
purgis.]

'■'^ Beaver." — The brickmakers near London, and
perhaps elsewhere, call their three o'clock meal
their " beaver." What does the word mean ?

R. H. A. B.

[Beaver, Bever, or Beverage (Ital. bevere; old
French, beivre), is a name given to the afternoon colla-
tion, or any refreshment taken between the regular
meals, as noticed in the following examples : —

" Drinking between dinner and supper, called beaver.
Antccanum." — Huloet.

"Betimes in the morning they break their fast; at
noon they dine; when the day is far spent they take
their beaver; late at night they sup."— Gate of Lan-
guages, 1568.

" He is none of those same ordinary eaters that will
devour three breakfasts, and as many dinners, without
any prejudice to their bevers, drinkings, or suppers." —
Beaumont and Fletcher, TToman Hater, i. 3.]

Go/ton, of Fockwell, Surrey. — I would feel
greatly obliged to any of your correspondents
who would kindly give me any information of the

2»* S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

271

family of John Gofton, of Fockwell, Surrey. In
the Armorica Binlannica, he is set down as having
the following coat of arms : — " Crest ; Rose d'or,
winged azure. Shield ; 1st and 4th. On shield
azure a unicorn's head erased ducally, gorged
and crowned. 2. and 3. Ermine." Also, by the
information whether Fockwell is a town, village,
or estate, and if so, where situated in Surrey.

E. Barrett.

[Fockwell seems to be a misprint for Stockwell, or
South Lambetli, in Surrey. In Leigh's chapel in Lam-
beth church is the following inscription on a white
marble: "Here lyeth the bodj' of John Goffton, Esq.,
3'ounger son unto Sir Francis Goffton of Stockwell, who,
with his ladj', w^ere bur^'ed in a vault in this angle,
■which does belong unto that Manner House. His elder
brother Francis died in Frans 1642; and he [John?]
departed this life the ninth day of May, being in the
yere of our Lord 1686, in the 71st j'ere of his age. Be-
neath, quarterly, 1 and 4, a unicorn's head erased ; 2 and
3 ermine, and this motto, Feretido et sperando." — Vide
Manning & Bray's Surrey, iii. 608.]

Vigors. — In Martha W. Freer's Life of Eliza-
leth de Valois, Queen of Spain, at p. 371. vol. ii.,
appears the following passages : —

" On the 25th of October, 1568, a service was performed
in Notre Dame in Paris for the repose of the soul of the

Queen of Spain The service was performed by

the Archbishop of Sens, and the funeral sermon was
preached by Simon Vigors, Archbishop of Narbonne
elect."

I shall be very glad to obtain some information
relative to this Simon Vigors. Y. S. M.

[A biographical account of Abp. Simon "Vigor (not
Vigors) will be found in the Biographie Ufiiverselle, tome
xlviii. 483.]

The Apreece Family. — Living in the neigh-
bourhood of Washingley Hall, Hunts, formerly
the residence of the Apreeces, I naturally take
some interest in their family. I am told that the
last of the Apreeces figures in one of Foote's
comedies. " Becky," says this character, "where's
my pedigree ?"

I should feel obliged by a reference to the
comedy wherein this occurs. Cuthbert Bede.

[In The Author, about the middle of the Second Act.
The pedigree of Apreece, or Ap Rees, of North Crawlej',
Bucks, will be found in the Visitations of Bucks, made in
the years 1575 and 1634, Harl. MS. 1533. See also Cole's
MSS., vol. xxxviii. 129.]

THE EARLY EDITIONS OF TOXe's BOOK OP
MARTYRS.

(2"'^ S. viii. 221.)

Mr. Nichols will be rendering a great service
to English bibliography by following up the task
which he has proposed for himself, and which he
Las so well begun. The early history of Foxe's

Book of Martyrs is full of interest, but little
known ; and although of late some light has been
thrown on it, much still remains to be done. In
noticing this work, Dr. Dibdin says in his Library
Companion : —

" The private history of this elaborate work might be
worth knowing, but it is hopeless to enquire after it : —
who were the author's chief authorities, and what artists
he obtained to make the designs and engravings, are,
now, I believe, points upon which no correct information
is likely to be obtained."

Let us hope that the case is not altogether so
desperate as the worthy doctor seems to have
feared.

Mr. Nichols will permit me to point out to
him that he is mistaken in supposing that there is
no copy of any of the early editions in Mr. Gren-
ville's collection, now in the British Museum.
That collection does in fact contain the editions
of 1563 and 1641 ; the former, I believe, slightly
imperfect in the Calendar, but made up in fac-
simile by Harris ; the latter a fine copy on large
paper.

All the copies of early editions enumerated by
Mr. Nichols are in public libraries. There must
be some in private collections. I myself possess
a perfect copy of the first edition, made up of
two imperfect copies, each of which, by a piece of
rare good fortune, happened to have what was
wanting in the other.

It is commonly asserted, and believed, that in
the reign of Elizabeth the Book of Martyrs was
ordered to be set up in all churches. This is
doubted by Mr. Nichols, but what says Dibdin ?

" To the best of my recollection, one of the completest
specimens of a mutilated Fox is (or was) to be seen in
the little parish church near Apethorpe (the seat of the
Earl of Westmorland), in Northamptonshire. In some
other rural parish churches 1 have met with Fox, in an
old vestiy trunk of some three centuries ago manufac-
ture, almost in a state of pulverisation from the united
attacks of mice and moths." — Lib. Com. 1825, p. 113. note.

It may be objected, hov/ever, that this does not
prove that every parish church had a copy of the
work. Henry Huth.

Your correspondent, John Gough Nichols,
asks, " Where do any copies of the old editions "
of the Acts and Monuments " exist ? " and adds,
that he had " been successful in finding very
few." As to the fifth edition of 1596—7, he
mentions only one copy, which he says is in the
British Museum ; and the second volume of the
same edition, as the only one in the archiepis-
copal library at Lambeth. In reply to his in-
quiry, I beg to say that I have a copy of this
edition, " the fift time newly reprinted." It came
into my hands about sixty years ago, from a shop-
keeper who bought it as waste paper. Many
copies of valuable old works have disappeared in
this way, having been torn up for wrappers of

272

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'i S. VIII. Oct. 1. '69.

shop articles. A fevr years ago I picked up, in a
street of this town, a fragment of Coverdale's
Bible, being part of the first chapter of " Wis-
dome," with the ornamental initial letter. It
had been used to wrap up some butter.

My copy of Foxe's Martyrs was in one volume,
in its original binding ; but, being somewhat out
of condition, it was rebound in two vols., rough
calf. I think it is perfect, except that it wants
the last leaf of the " Table of Contents " at the
end. It has the two title-pages, and all the
woodcuts, including the curious folding print, on
a separate sheet of paper, entitled " The Descrip-
tion of Windsore Castle," and showing the burn-
ing of Person, Testwood, and Filmer under the
Castle ; with (in a separate compartment, amongst
others) of Ockham in the pillory at Newbury.
This print is inserted between pp. 1112 — 13.,
which contain the narrative. In my copy, im-
mediately after the title-page of vol. i., is " The
Kalender," in six pages, a remarkable peculiarity
of which is that January 2nd is marked " John
Wickliffe, Preacher, Marter," (rubricated), and
the date 387, instead of 1387, in the col. for the
year of our Lord. Then follow " Ad dominum
Jesum Christum," &c., 2 pages ; Foxe's Address
to Q. Elizabeth, 3 pages ; his " ad Doctum Lec-
torem," 2 pages ; the " Protestation to the whole
Church of England," 5 pages ; " The Utilitie of
this Story," 2 pages ; " Four Questions proposed
to the Papists," 3 pages ; " Four Considerations,"
&c., 1 page ; and the laudatory addresses, 2 pages.
But all these pages and the Table of Contents at
the end, in 25 pages, beginning on the verso of
the last numbered, ending with the second item
under v. a), are wranumbered. The body of the
work is comprised in 1949 pages, all numbered
continuously, except the 1731st page, which com-
mences vol. 2nd, and is not numbered. The sig-
nature or press mark of page 1 949 is zjjjjjJJ.iii.
The letter-press measures 11 J by 8| inches.

Has Mr. Nichols, besides his desire to know
where such " copies exist," any wish for their
being deposited in some public building or li-
brary ? P. H. Fisher.

Stroud.

For the information of Mr. J. G. Nichols
upon the subject of the early editions of Foxe's
Sook of Martyrs, I beg to inform you that I
possess a folio copy in three volumes, large paper,
in excellent condition, of the edition of 1641.

Foley.

Worksop Manor.

I am fortunate enough to possess a copy of the
edition of 1583, in tolerable preservation. The
title-page of vol. i. is missing, and it commences
with the first leaf of " the Kalender ; " but the
title-page of vol. ii., following page 794., iden-

tifies it as ", newly recognized, and inlarged by
the Authour, John Foxe, 1583," and printed at
London " by John Day, dwelling over Alders-
gate." The total number of pages is 2154, be-
sides " a diligent Table or Index," which, with
some lacunce, is complete as far as the letters w — i.
The book is in the original clamped binding,
though the clasps are gone. C. W. Bingham.

The following books were in the " Black
Letter Collection" of the late George Stokes,
Esquire, of Cheltenham : —

" John Foxe, Acts and Monuments - 1576.

„ „ „ - - - 1583.

„ „ „ ... 1596.

„ „ „ ... 1684.

Eerum in Ecclesise Gestarum. Basileae. 1563."

Also : —

" Actea des Martyres deduits en Sept Livres depuis le
Temps de Wiclef et de Hus iusques h. present. Crespin.
1564."

Mb. Stokes compiled with much care and
labour from the Foxian MSS. in the British Mu-
seum the " Memoir of John Foxe " which is
prefixed to the volume of the British Reformers,
containing extracts from the writings of the
Martyrologist. This series was edited by Mr. S.,
and is published by the Religious Tract Society.

S. M. S.

I should not have thought the rarity of editions
of Foxe's Martyrs, after the third or fourth, so
great as described by Mb. Nichols. They oc-
casionally occur in catalogues. I have a fine copy
of the edition of 1596, in the original binding
(second vol. only), which, from its condition, is
certainly one of those which rested on the library
shelves. There can be no doubt that the tempta-
tion offered by the woodcuts has caused the de-
struction of many copies. Only to-day I saw in
a printseller's shop several cuts of martyrdoms
from this work offered at Is. each — a price which,
if realised, would make the piecemeal sale of a
copy pretty profitable. X.-

West Derby, near Liverpool, Sept. 22.

I have in my library a copy of Foxe's Actes,
1st and 2nd vols., of the date of 1596. A few
leaves are wanting, but on the whole it is in fair
preservation. It is in oak boards, at least half an
inch thick, and has raised brass bosses at the
corners. N. S. Heineken.

Sidmouth.

LATIN POEM AGAINST MILTON.

(2"'» S. viii. 227.)
In reply to Ithubiel, it may be stated that in
1670 there was published at Cambridge, from the

2»* S. VIII. Oct. 1. »69,]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

273

press of John Hayes, a 12mo. volume in three
parts, containing the Latin Poems of Peter Du
Moulin, the younger, Prebendary of Canterbury,
and Chaplain to Charles II. The first part, in 68
pp., is entitled "Poematum Libellus Primus," and
contains thirteen Hymns on the Apostles' Creed.
The second book (pp. 48.) is entitled " Ecclesise
Gemitus proximo post piaculare Regicidium
mense, Londini primum editi." Of this and the
following book my copy bears on the title-page
the date 1669. The third book (pp. 151.) has the
title " Sylva Variorum." Then follows (pp. 54.)
" Petri Molinaei P. F. nAPEPrxiN Incrementum."
The lines concerning which Ithubiel inquires
are to be found (pp. 36-42.) in the second book.
They are entitled " In impurissimum Nebulonem
Joannem Miltonum," &c. (not Miltonem), and con-
tain, not 24, but 246 lines. Of this coarse and
discreditable production, the following lines are a
sufficient sample : —

" Ten' sterquilinium, ten' cucurbitae caput
Ausuni Monarchas rodere et Salmasios !
Nunc bufo pardum, bubalum mus verberet,
Opicus leonis vellicet sorex jubas.
Insultet urso eruca, milvio culex :
Scarabaei amicam concacent avem Jovi
Ipsumque raerdis inquinent albis Jovem."

In the third book (pp. 141, 142.) Du Moulin
gives a curious note on this Satire, in which he re-
lates how he had sent the MS. of his book entitled
" Clamor Regii Sanguinis " to Salmasius, and
how Salmasius entrusted it to the editorial care
of Alexander* More. Milton, learning from his
correspondents in Holland the part Alex. More
had taken in conducting the work through the
press, supposed him to be its author, and attacked
him with great bitterness in his Defensio Secunda
pro Populo Anglicano. Du Moulin tells us how,
in silence, and with no little amusement, he be-
held the progress of the controversy, and watched
Milton, blind and full of fury, fighting and strik-
ing the air like the Andabata3 (i. e. Gladiators
who fought in the dark, being blinded by helmets
without any opening for the eyes), knowing neither
whom he struck at, nor by whom he was hit. But
More, growing cold in the royal cause, and un-
equal to the burthen of republican hatred, dis-
claimed the authorship of the " Clamor Regii
Sanguinis," and called two witnesses who knew the
real author. Du Moulin now supposed himself
in great danger, but says he was saved by Mil-
ton's pride, who, having reviled More as the au-
thor of the book, did not choose to expose himself
to ridicule by confessing his mistake, but conti-
nued to treat More as the author. The members
of his party were thus, by regard to consistency,
prevented from proceeding against Du Moulin,
who, however, felt no gratitude for the protection
he thus unexpectedly received through one whom
he had most contumeliously attacked. Ithuriel
will find in Todd's Life of Milton (pp. 160, 161.)

some curious particulars of Du Moulin. Aubrey
mentions that Milton was assured through the am-
bassador (from Holland) that More was not, but
that Du Moulin was, the writer of the " Clamor ;"
but Milton, who had by that time completed his
Defensio Secunda, replied that as he had written
the book, it should go forth, and that More was
as bad as Du Moulin.

Du Moulin's poems contain references to his
friends as well as his enemies ; i. e. the Hon.
Henry Clifford and Richard Boyle, Dr. Peter
Gunning, Wm. Barker, Thomas Fotherby, Nicho-
las Brett, and Thomas Watson, a Fellow of St.
John's College ; Castillo, Archbishop Juxon, and
George Oxinden. A prose composition entitled
" Villa Cambrica " shows that Du Moulin had no
perception of the beauty of wild mountainous
scenery ; and a poem on tobacco eloquently ex-
presses his abhorrence of that seducing weed. I
have only to add, that if Ithueiel has any diffi-
culty in obtaining this curious volume, I shall be
happy to give him the opportunity of seeing my
copy. R. Bbook Aspland.

1. Frampton Villas, South Hackney.

THE GROTESQUE IN CHURCHES, ETC.

(2'"i S. viii. 130. 196. 236.)

This very interesting subject is a very compli-
cate and difficult one ; one, too (it seems to me),
which cannot be settled in an off-hand way, or
explained by any one theory alone.

I. Much of it may be explained by the intense
Realism of the Mind of the Middle Ages, and the
vivid sense of the Unseen World which then pre-
vailed. The ceaseless Conflict between the Powers
of Good and Evil, which rages around and within
the Church, was an ever-present reality. Thus
the Scorn and Hate, the Masques and Mockeries
of Evil Spirits and Heretics (as Arius) ; Human
Nature, fallen and distorted, showing itself in
Evil Passions and False Teachers, &c. &c., — all
these were symbolically sculptured on the outside
of Churches, and sometimes, though not so often,
within.

III. The anthropopathic policy of the Church
in the Middle Ages must doubtless be taken into
consideration ; the Church, absorbing the evils she
could not expel, and hoping to catch corrupt
Human Nature or Paganism by apparent compro-
mise and indulgence, cries Populus vult decipi, et
I decipiatw, and — catches a Tartar.
! III. Much of it is assigned to the disgraceful
{ contests between the Regular and the Secular

Clergy ; but I have never seen this proved.
- Take any view or views we believe true, and yet
j we cannot shut our eyes to the fact that the many
i Scandals and Eccentricities we sum up in this case
I under the word Grotesque, testify to the gross

274

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°<» S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

corruption and fearful degradation of the Church
in the ages which produced them.

A very intelligent writer in the Christian Ee-
membrancer Avho touches on this subject in a reve-
rent way, and is disposed to make the best of it,
is obliged to give up much of the Grotesque as
hopelessly unmanageable. His words are worth
quoting : —

" What is Eidicule ? In a sense, it has been riglitly
deemed the, or rather a, criterion of the holiest essence,
even of Truth itself. If Poetrj' be the relief, the natur.al
discharge, of the overburthened sense of an oppressive
wrong ; or, again, the spontaneous and unsought out-
break of the conscience, and sense of the Beautiful and
the Good ; why should it not be that Ridicule is, after all,
but an expression of the sense of vivid contrast between
right and wrong — of pretence and fact ? The Ludicrous
is but a phase of the poetic mind : the highest writers of
the Ludicrous — and in thus theorizing, we are concerned
but with the highest — are themselves often the truest
Poets. The great comedian of Greece, and, among our-
selves, such an one as Mr. Thomas Hood, are among the
very highest Poets. ...

" There can be no question that the yeXolov in the ab-
stract is anything but the unworthy vehicle which
sciolists and owls among us would maintain : it is part of
the more perfect human constitution ; and the disciples
of Bp. Butler, and of experience, ask no more to assign to
it an office in the great economy of the mind : nor has it
been thought unworthy of classification, though the in-
<}uiry is lost, by the greatest of uninspired philosophers.
We claim of course to be understood, not as vindicating
all the mischievous and profane rubbish which passes
current under the name of the ludicrous: to distinguish
between irony and bomolochy, between satire and buf-
foonery, we ask not Aristotle's aid. We would be the last
to admit the legitimacy of Sarcasm in sacred matters ;
but we contend for it as a principle of truth little under-
stood in philosophy — as, when scientifically analyzed, a
development of the Poetic.Faculty — and therefore an in-
strument to which a province in investigation must be
fairly assigned. . . . May it not be — of course, we only
throw out the thought for subsequent investigation —
that there was more than is at first sight apparent in
certain observances and practices of the Church in other
ages and countries, which from our habits we are not dis-
posed, and that properly, because of present feelings, edu-
cation, and habits, to make the slightest allowance for, but
rather at once, and in the gross, to condemn ? We allude
to such things as the Boy-Bishop in England, the Abbot
■of Unreason, the Feast of Fools, the 3fardi-Gras, the lu-
dicrous Sculpture in wood and stone in Churches, the
grotesque representations of certain scenes in illumina-
tions, the Mj'stery Plays, Processions as sometimes con-
ducted, — all of which form a vast class, in which there
must have been some principle involved. These things
were not accident ; to say that they have been, or are,
absurd, and gave, or give, rise to much profanity and irre-
verence, is not an adequate account of the fact of their
existence and of their origin. Nay, more ; we are not
apologizing for them, still less recommending their revi-
val: perhaps they were false and impolitic applications
of some partially understood, or altogether misappro-
priate, principle; it may be that every one of these
things is totally indefensible; but what then? They
were not accident ; they must have aimed at something,
whether they realised and attained it or not. Ai\d this
something we conceive to have been a desire to recog-
nize, on the part of the Church, all, however various, the
common functions of our Human Constitution, all parts

and objects of the heaven-gifted Human Mind — and, in
some measure, to enlist them into the service of, and in-
corporate them with, the only living; truth, the Church:
to sanctify them by absorbing them, M'hile marshalling
them into her host, to bless and modify them. An in-
stance occurs to us, which ma.y possibly make our mean-
ing clearer. In the beautiful chapel of St. John the
Baptist, forming the north aisle of St. Mary's, Guildford,
are some fresco-paintings on the ceiling; they are imme-
diately over the spot where the altar stood. Some of them
cannot, to our eyes, present other than ludicrous associa-
tions. How is this.' The artists of the fourteenth cen-
tury were not the men to suggest laughing for laughing's
sake, except upon some great principle: we may not
enter into it ; we are not called upon to do so ; but we
must admit the fact, account for it as we can. Cases of
indecent representations we desire not to include in what
we have said : they are as unintelligible as indefensible."
Christian Rem. Oct. 1844, vol. viii. pp. 457-459.

There are many, I fear, who will not accept
this reasoning, but consider it as merely begging
the whole question, — assuming that there must be
some great principle, some good principle, at the
bottom of the grotesque ; like the Neo-Platonists
who attempted to find a method in the madness of
Paganism. Such persons will be better satisfied
with D'Israeli's account of the matter in his article
on " Ancient and Modern Saturnalia," in the Cu-
riosities of Literature. He says : —

"The Saturnalia long generated the most extraordin-
ary institutions among the nations of modern Europe ;
and, what seems more extraordinary than the unknown
origin of the parent absurdity itself, the Saturnalia crept
into the Services and Offices of the Christian Church.
Strange it is to observe at the altar the Rites of Religion
burlesqued, and all its offices performed with the utmost
buffoonery. It is only by tracing them to the Roman Sa-
turnalia, that we can at all account for these grotesque
sports — that extraordinary mixture of libertinism and
profaneness so long continued under Christianity. Such
were the Feasts of the Ass, the Feast of Fools, &c. , . .

" The ignorant and the careless clergy then imagined
it was the securest means to retain the populace, who
were always inclined to these Pagan revelries." — See also
D'Israeli's articles on " Mysteries and ^loralities " and
on " Religious Nouvellettes."

There is much wanting a work treating directly
on the whole subject. Eibionnach.

A good deal about these may be seen in Poole's
Ecclesiastical Architecture, p. 276., though not
enough perhaps to satisfy Querist any more than
Mr. Cabbington's explanation.

Fosbroke, in his Ency. of Aritiquities, says the
lolling tongue is a symbol of contempt, and refers
to Livy, vii. 9., and Aul. Gellius, Ix. 3.

We are all apt to look on these grotesques as
profane and indecent : but may not that arise from
ignorance of their true meaning ? See Symbolism
of Churches, p. Ixi.

In a volume lately published by Mr. Blight,
illustrating the ancient crosses and other antiqui-
ties in Cornwall, there are some valuable and in-
teresting notes by the author of the Echoes of
Old Cornwall. The note on two heads in Mor-

2"^ S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

271

wenstowe church tend to throw some light on
this Query on grotesques : —

" There are two kinds of symbolism in church archi-
tecture, which will often astonish and perplex the un-
learned : these are the grotesque and the repulsive. To the
first of these belongs the lolling tongue and the mocking
mouth of these two corbels of stone. The interpretation
of a face so distorted when it is shown within a church is
called in antiquity- the Grin of Arius ; and the origin of
the name is this. The final developement of every strong
and baleful passion in the human countenance is a fierce
and angry laugh. In a picture of the Council of Nicsea
which is said to exist in the Vatican, the bafHed Arius is
shown, among the doctors, with his features convulsed
into a hideous and demoniac spasm of malignant mirth.
Hence it became one of the usages, amid the graphic
imagery of interior decoration, to depict the heretic as
mocking the mysteries, with that glare of derision and
gesture of disdain which admonish and instruct, by the
very name of the grin of Arius."

"Si quid novisti rectius istis,
Candidus imperii."

H. T. Ellacombe.
Clyst St. George.

I have always understood that the design of the
grotesques, which are so often seen in churches and
in other old buildings, is to drive away evil spirits.
Many of these grotesques are what have been
called "conventional" representations of savage
animals. That is, our mediseval artists, never hav-
ing seen the animals they sculptured or portrayed,
went on copying one from another, till, for exam-
ple, a "conventional" lion came out at length
very like a quadrumanous monkey or a starved
cat — as may sometimes be seen, not only on coins,
but on the British Arms. I am now writing
within fifty yards of a church (a modern antique),
from around the base of whose spire there stand
forth at least a dozen of these grotesques sculp-
tured in stone, and bearing, whatever their real
design and character, the semblance of conven-
tional wolves, eagles or vultures, hyenas, &c., all
with open mouth, as if breathing fire, challenging
the horizon, and bidding defiance to the four quar-
ters of the compass.

Now it is a well-known fact that these menac-
ing conventionalities have a singular power in re-
pelling all magical and malignant influences.
There is great efficacy, for instance, in the head
of a wolf. So sings Balduinus Ronsasus, as cited
by Delrius in his Disq. Magic, Book vi. p. 56., ed.
1616. "De lupo cecinit, —

" Nee rostrum virtute caret, nam, muuere quodam
Natura; arcano, depellit fascina dira."

But this same Delrius (Rio, Del-Rio, or Delrio,
a Jesuit, and one of the most learned, earnest, and
systematic of all writers on magic), farther in-
structs us that in repelling evil spirits, not only
things terrific, but things derisive, and things /bit/
and offensive, are singularly effective : and this
seems to be the reason why on the outside of some

colleges, and both without and within many
churches, we see not only forms and faces of ter-
ror, but some which express ridicule and contempt
I (like the human heads with lolling tongues raen-
j tioned by your correspondents), as well as others
I which are calculated to oiTend even a not over-
I fastidious taste by their grossness. " Quaecunque
I fiunt circa corpora obsessa, dsemones accipiunt ut
I facta et vergentia in ipsorum dispectum ac ludi-

j hrium, maxime si sint irrisiva item omnia

foeda, et amara et similia ; quare, cum sint intole-
I rantes injurite, maluntfvgere, et a molestia in/erenda
desistere," p. Q5.

Under one or other of the three forms, terrific,
derisive, and indecorous, thus equally repellent of
evil spirits, may be classed most of the grotesques
which we have received or copied from the Mid-
dle Ages. And, though other explanations have
been attempted, I know no satisfactory way, be-
sides this, of accounting for the extraordinai'y ob-
jects belonging to some churches.

Some of the specimens which I have seen
abroad (for instance, in an inner court of the con-
vent of the Penha, near Cintra), are absolutely
and utterly indescribable. One of the very fre-
quent forms in which these grotesques appear in
our own country is that termed in mediaeval archi-
tecture the "gargoyle" or"gurgoyle" (med.-L.
gargoula, gargoullia, gargalia, old Fr. gargoule,
gargouille, all from the Gr. yapyapeuv, or the L.
gurgulio). The original gargouille Avas simply a
water-spout, "lapideum aquae pluviatilis emissa-
rium." But the water-spout in due time assumed
the form of an animal. " Gargouille est le petit
canal de pierre, ou d'autre chose, issant en forme
de couleuvre, ou d'autre beste, hors d'oeuvre, au
dessous des couvertures des Eglises, et tels autres
grands batiments, pour jetter au loing I'eaue
pluviale qui en descend ;" Nicot, cited by Menage,
Diet. Etym. — In plate xiv. of the Glossary of
Terms used in Architecture, Tilt, 1836, may be
seen some curious specimens of these gargoyles.
" Gargoyle, Gurgulio, a projecting water-spout,
frequently formed of the open mouth of some
monster ; but the figure of a man, projecting from
the cornice or buttress, with the water issuing
from his mouth, is also frequently used, as at
Merton Chapel, Oxford." (^Glossary, p. 25.)

The man or monster thus vomiting, though he
vomits nothing but rain-water, is generally so
contrived as to bear an appearance which, on
squeamish stomachs, might almost act sympatheti-
cally ; and if malevolent spirits are to be repelled
by what is certainly no very agreeable spectacle,
it must be confessed that these gargoyles seem
well calculated to answer the purpose. For the
derisive process, what more available than the
lolling tongue ? The "vorgeschlagene Zunge " or
tongue protruded, says Zedler, often occurs in
heraldry, but no one can tell u'hat it means 1

276

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«"» S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

May we not guess ?

These suggestions on "grotesques in churches"
are submitted in the hope that they may elicit far-
ther information from those readers of " N. & Q."
whose knowledge of the subject is more exact and
extensive than the writer's. Thomas Boys.

Once upon a time (as the story books say) when
I was in Normandy, I tarried a week at St. Lo.
One day I was walking through the town in com-
pany with a French gentleman, a resident there, and
I stopped to examine the west front of the cathedral.
Amongst other features, my companion pointed
out to me several remarkable figures sculptured
in stone, at some height from the ground, perhaps
fifty or sixty feet. They were both indecent and
disgusting. If I recollect right there were both
men and women, either eating or drinking to
excess, or by their forms, attitudes, or features
exhibiting the efTects of excess ; or satisfying un-
natural desires, or the like. I expressed my sur-
prise that such things should be represented on
churches, but said that there were instances in
England as well as in France ; and I asked him
if he had ever heard any explanation for such a
practice. The reason, he said, was this : such sub-
jects of excess were depicted in order to hold them
up to reprobation. Thus, a drunkard was repre-
sented in order that all men might see how despi-
cable a wretch he appeared when in that state.
They were examples of the vices personified ;
they were so put before our eyes, in order to dis-
gust us with the sight of them, and in order to
hold them up to derision and to denunciation. I
had not heard this explanation before, and there-
fore I now give it. The intention might be good ;
but when these grotesques generally raise a smile,
the end is certainly not gained. My informant
farther told me that similar sculptures were to be
found on Notre Dame at Paris. When I was
subsequently in Paris, I took an occasion to exa-
mine Notre Dame ; but the figures were so placed
or else so high that I could not make them out.

P. Hutchinson.

The answer given in the latter of the above
passages (2°^ S. viii. 196.) may explain the parti-
cular grotesque referred to, but I for one have al-
ways understood that such figures were connected
with the hatred the secular clergy bore towards the
•' regulars " and mendicant orders. A still better
explanation is given in the following note which
I have just come across in Parker's edition of
Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose : —

" Hatred, Felonj', &c. . . are painted on the outside of
the wall which encloses the garden in which blooms the
Eose, to symbolize the fact that these things are destruc-
tive of Love, and therefore excluded from his dominions.
The same idea is conveyed by the symbolical figures of
grinning demons, sometimes in indecent attitudes, carved

on the gurgoyles and other parts of the outsides of
churches, to show that the passions they represent are
destructive of Christian faith, and are therefore excluded
from the temple."— (P. 28.)

J. Eastwood.

Pyne and Povlet (2°^ S. viii. 223.) — In the
Calendar of State Papers, there is a reference to a
letter, which would give Ithueiel the informa-
tion he wants : —

" June 12, 1627. William Wabrond to John Poulett,
wishes him to know of some speeches dispersed through
the country by Hugh Pyne's son, viz. that it can never
be well with England until there be means made that
the Duke's head may be set ( ?let) fall from his shoulders.
This he was informed by William Collier, who is M''.
Windham's man, and M''. Windham is Arthur Pyne's
brother-in-law."

There are other papers connected with the
matter, among them an opinion of the judges,
given in a letter of Attorney-Gen. Heath, 8 Dec,
that the words testified against Mr. Pyne do Hot
constitute treason ; a petition of Hugh Pyne's,
without date, complaining of " his having been a
long time restrained of his liberty, and held from
his practise in the law ; " and a petition from cer-
tain witnesses, " praying for allowance for at-
tending 28 days Mich, term, and 18 days Hil.
term, 1628, concerning Mr. Hugh Pyne."

MONSON.

Ithueiel will find some useful information re-
specting Pyne and Poulett in Mr. Bruce's Calen-
dar of State Papers (vols. i. and ii.), Charles I.
I have not leisure to make the extracts for him,
but as those volumes contain admirable and co-
pious Indices, there will be no difficulty in the
investigation. John, afterwards Lord Poulett, in
a letter to Nicholas, Nov. 27, 1626, expresses a
wish " that Pyne's tongue were tied, so that he
were not suffered to plead in the King's Courts,
which were a punishment to him, who makes his
living by his tongue, no less grevous than hang-
ing." ROTALIST.

The Great St. Leger (2°'' S. viii. 225.) — The
following extract from the Manchester Guardian
of 15th Sept. answers to some extent the Query of
LucENS A NON LucBNDO, bcsidcs furnishing other
interesting particulars concerning this race.

R. E. L.
" The St. Leger race was instituted in the year 1776, by
the late Colonel St. Leger, of Park-hill, near Doncaster,
but it was not until two or three years afterwards that it
was called the ' St. Leger ' at the suggestion of the then
Marquis of Rockingham, at a dinner at the Red Lion, at
that time the head inn of Doncaster, in compliment to
the gentleman with whom the race originated. When
the contest first came off, there were only six subscribers,
and five horses ran, the winner being Allabaculia, who
was the property of the above-mentioned nobleman, and
was ridden by J. Singleton ; a filly by Trusty coming in

•J'^d S. VIII., Oct. 1. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

277

second. In a few of the succeeding years there was an
increased number of nominations ; but in 1785 the in-
terest in the St. Leger appeared to have considerably
fallen off, as in that year only five gentlemen subscribed,
and four horses went to the starting-post. In 1789, nine
animals were entered, six of whom ran, the Duke of
Hamilton's colt by Laurel coming in first ; but a charge of
jostling having been proved against Mangle (his rider\
the St. Leger was awarded to the second horse (Pewet).
The entries at the succeeding anniversaries were 16 and
14 respectively ; yet it was not until 1792 (sixteen years
after the institution of the race) that the number of sub-
scribers exceeded twenty. During the present century,
however, and especially within the last twenty years, this
important event has gained considerably in interest — for
whilst in Don John's year (1838) the goodly number of
66 horses were nominated, seven of whom ran, in the
following year they were increased to 107, and on that
occasion 14 competed, the race ending in a dead heat
with Charles the Twelfth and Euclid. Since that time,
with the exception of 1850 (when there were 95 subscri-
bers, and another dead heat with Voltigeur and Russ-
borough), and 1853, there have never been fewer than
100 subscribers. For the St. Leger this year there were
167 horses nominated, and eleven contested the event.
For the sixth year in succession the St. Leger has been
carried off by a rank outsider, Gamester starting at 25 to
1. In 1854, Knight of St. George started at 25 to 1 ;
1855, Saucebox, 40 to 1 ; 1856, Warlock, 12 to 1 ; 1857,
Imp^rieuse, 100 to 6 ; and 1858, Sunbeam, at 15 to 1.
In most of these j^ears the favourites were backed at
either odds on or slight odds against; and never since
West Australian's year, in 1853, has a favourite pulled
through. John Scott is truly a wonderful man over the
Doncaster town mooi% Few persons who saw Gamester
beaten bj' Willie Wright, at Newcastle, and subsequently
by Voltaire and Napoleon, at York, recognised in Sir
Charles Monck's colt the winner of the St. Leger of 1859.
Yet such is the fact, and John Scott has safely earned for
himself the title of the ' Wizard of the North,' which,
considering what wonders he works in animals in short
time, he fairly merits."

Why is Luther represented with a Goose f (2""^
S. viii. 243.) — John Huss is represented with a
goose, and Luther with a swan; and the explanation
given in Lutheran churches, where the represent-
ation occurs, is, that John Huss (whose name in
Bohemian signified "goose") used to say, "Though
they kill this goose, a swan shall come after me."

A. P. S.

Buchanan Pedigree (2"^ S. viii. 148.) — I only
know of one family named Dalgleish, or Dalglish,
of Glasgow, who trace their descent through a
female from Geo. Buchanan. They bear an open
book in their arms in token of this descent.

O. D. Y.

Hypatia (2"'»^ S. viii. 217.)— I am afraid Mr.
Alban Butler either was misled by prepossession
in his judicious note, or spoke of Socrates at
second-hand. Socrates explicitly says that the
murder of Hypatia brought no little disgrace upon
Cyril and the Alexandrian church. It may be a
matter of opinion whether we are to think of
the historian as believing that this disgrace was
merited ; but even those who hold that this mention
is insufficient to convict, will hardly maintain that

this " silence " is " sufficient to acquit." As to
Orestes, whom any one would suppose from Mr.
Butler's note to be another historian, he was the
prefect of Alexandria, of whom it is not ex-
pressly recorded that he believed Cyril to be
guilty; which is a very different thing from the
silence of a writer. For that matter, it is not
expressly recorded that Cyril denied accession to
the murder. There are indications enough that
the ages which followed believed Cyril to be
chargeable with some sort of complicity. Having
had occasion, long ago, to look into all that has
come down to us upon this celebrated case, I left
off with the impression that Cyril, otherwise
known for an impetuous and not over- scrupulous
bishop, incited Peter the reader — for it was not
merely the act of an " incensed mob," as Mr.
Butler says — to set the rabble of Alexandria at
the obnoxious lady ; but without intending that
they should go quite so far. In short, that Mr.
Peter was one of those readers who for inch read
ell. I shall be glad if any one can clear Cyril :
but it must be done by some better judgment
than that which Mr. Butler has shown in this
matter. A. De Moegan.

Abbreviated Names of English Counties and
Towns (2"<' S. viii. 219.) —Mr. James Knowles
"cannot understand that Me. Nichols has thrown
any light upon the abbreviation Sarum:^' after
which confession he proceeds to quote an author
who suggests that it is not an abbreviation at all,
but a name of sacred import, derived from a vici-
nity to Druidical remains. I have no wish to
combat with Druidical etymologies, which are far
above ray range : but I write merely to take note
of a third instance in which the contraction y has
been misread rum. I find in the Yorkshire Vi-
sitation of 1665 these words of frequent occur-
rence— in com. Eborum. So that now we have
three examples of this abbreviation, as I shall still
continue to call it : —

Eborum for Eboraci,

Sarum for Sarisburiae,

Barum for Barnestapuli,

all of which I still am of opinion originated with
the clerks who erroneously elongated the con-
tractions Ebor, Sar and Barn, applying to them
their familiar acquaintance with the Latin geni-
tive plural ; and not from any vernacular or po-
pular expression or perversion of the real names,
still less from any distinct derivation or etymo-
logy. John Gough Nichols.

Pews (2"^ S. viii. 204.) — The extract from
Hasted is an interesting addition to the history
of pews, called Le Pewis in 1475. But I would
ask whether this expression will not carry the
name back to a much earlier date ? — to the time
when Norman-French was in general use in all
legal forms and names, which continued in use.

278

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«d S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

. as to names of persons, things, and places, long
after. Such a form of speech may be seen in
many old records, which otherwise run throughout
in Latin. I have one before me dated 1431,
which is wholly in Latin, excepting where any
names of lands occur, and then the old name is
used in the older form, in this way : —

" Unum pomarium vocati k Courte Orchai'd.
Una pastura, les Priests Moores.
Una acra, le Hedelond.
Una grava, le Hyghgrofe.
Una acra, le Black Acre.

„ le lytel vvhete Crofte.

„ le Clyffs.

„ le longe fnrlonge.

„ les white stones.

„ le lytel mede,"

with many others. By degrees, and in the course
of time, the French article gave way to the Eng-
lish the, and so we got " the Devize?," " the
Hague," the Bath," &c., &c. H. T. Ellacombe.
Clyst St. George.

Sale of a Man and his Progeny ; Serfdom (2"^
S. vi. 90. &c.) — A MS. in the Cotton collection
Julius C. 7., p. 139., vo., contains the following
extraordinary deed, which may be translated
thus : —

" Know all men by these presents that I, Katerna
D'Engaj'ne, who was wife of Sir Thomas D'Engayno,
Knight, have given, granted, and delivered for a certain
sum of money to Sir Edward Courtenay Earl of Devon,
Thomas Wattez " [or Watter ?], " my born thrall [nati-
vum meum] of Schaldewell, with all his goods and
chattels wheresoever found, together with all his pos-
terity and progeny [sequela et progenie] by him be-
gotten. Given at Exminster on Sunday next after the
Feast of All Saints. In the 8th year of Richard the Se-
cond, after the Conquest of England."

The unhappy man could not have been a serf,
adscriptus glebce, or a villein regardant, who could
only pass with the land ; but a villein in gross,
who was sold like an ox or a sheep. Is not this
rather late for these sort of deeds ? 150 years
later Sir Thomas Smith tells us there was not a
villain in gross in all England. What was his
property in his goods and chattels, which seems
absolutely to have passed with him ? Could his
new master deprive him of them, or had he only
certain demands upon his time, or his labour ?
His children are sold with him ; could the buyer
separate them from him, and sell them to whom
he pleased, or did the family keep witli him, as
well as the goods and chattels ? Any information
on those points will, I think, be very acceptable
to those who interest themselves in ancient serf-
dom, or modern slavery. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Legends of Normandy and Bi-ittany (2°'^ S. viii.
227.) — An abundant store of veritable legends
are to be found in the pages of the old hagio-
grapher Albert le Grand, whose work was tirst

published in 4to. at Nantes in 1637, and a second
edition, also in 4to. at Rennes in 1640. It is how-
ever to be observed, that great fault is found with
the venerable Albert for his extreme credulity by
the Abbe Tresvaux, who, in his work entitled Les
Vies des Saints de Bretagne (published in Paris,
1836), rejects as fabulous many of the statements
promulgated by his predecessor. In a search for
legends, T. W. S. will find many things to interest
him in the work of F. G. P. B. Manet, Histoit-e
de Petite^ Bretagne, on Bretagne- Armorique depta's
ses premiers Habitans connus (Saint-Malo, 1834).

W. B. MacCabe.
T. W. S. will find in the following works some
of the information he wants : —

1. " Legendes et Traditions de la Normandie, par
Octave F^rc. 8vo. Ptouen, 1845."

2. La Normandie Romanesque et Merveilleuse, Tradi-
tions, Legendes et Superstitions populaires. 8vo. Paris,
1845."

3. " Coutumes, Mj'thes et Traditions des Provinces de
France. Svo. Paris, 1846."

4. The various works of Le Roux de Lincj' and Edouard
d'Anglemont.

5. " Les Romans de la Table Ronde et les Contes des
Anciens Bretons, par H. de la Villemarqud S" edition,
1859."

" 6. Contes Populaires des Anciens Bretons, par Ville-
marque. 2 Vols. Svo. Paris, 1842."

" 7. Barzas-Breis, Chants Populaires de la Bretagne,
avec Notes, etc. Par Villemarque. 2 Vols. 8vo. Paris,
1839."

J. Macray.

Le Foyer Breton, a book written by Emile
Souvestre, and published by Michel Levy Frcres,
contains many of the choicest legends of Brit-
tany. XL F.

Keniish Fire (1" S. vii. 155. ; 2°"' S. i. 182.
423.)^— Shortly before the death of the late Earl
of Winchelsea, I had a letter from his lordship,
in which he said that he introduced into Ireland,
but did not invent, the Kentish fire. The occa-
sion on which it was introduced was at a grand
dinner given to the Earl by the Protestants of
Ireland on the 15th August, 1834, at Morrison's
Hotel, Dublin, the day after the great Protestant
meeting, to attend which his lordship came over.
When proposing the health of the Chairman, the
Earl of Roden, Lord Winchelsea accompanied
the toast with the " Kentish Fire ; " and in pro-
posing another toast, he " requested permission
to bring his " Kentish Artillery " again into
action. The Dublin Evening Mail newspaper,
in its commentary on the proceedings at that
dinner, on the 18th August following, said, " We
can assure his Lordship (Lord W.) that neither
his presence nor the ' Kentish Fires ' which he
was the first to kindle on this side the Channel,
will soon be forgotten."

Having thus traced Its origin so far, I leave
the "Kentish Fire" in your correspondents'
hands. . Y. S. M.

2"* S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

279

Alexander Gordon (2"* S. vii. 514.) — In the
Scottish Journal of Antiquities, No. 12. for Nov.
20th, 1847, we find a letter of introduction ad-
dressed by a Rob. Simson to the Rev. Robert
Wodrow, recommending Mr. Gordon to his no-
tice. It is as follows : —

" Glasgow, August 6, 1725.

"My good friend Mr. Gordon having spent a great
dale of pains in recovering and preserving an3'thing of
antiquity in Scotland and the north of England, is come
to this country to take an exact survey of the Roman
Wall, and hearing that you hade several things worth
notice in j'our collection that may be of use to his design
ia very desirous of seeing them. I know I need not
recommend any lover of antiquity to j'ou, nor by the
favour of allowing Mr. Gordon of takj'ug a copy or
draught of what is for his purpose, &c."

Ill the MS. Index of his letters Wodrow has
described this as from " Mr. R. Simson, about
Mr. Gordon the singer.'' It would seem from this
that he was an itinerant teacher of music, a class
of men formerly, and even still, well known in
Scotland for their peculiarities. According to
Watt he died in Carolina, about 1750. In an
" Ode on the Power of Music," prefixed to Alex.
Malcolm's Treatise of Musick, London, 1730, a
Mr. Gordon is referred to in the following eulo-
gistic terms, from which it would appear that he
had gone to Italy, the land of song, to perfect
himself in the art : —

XII r.
" Who would not wish to have the skill

Of tuning instruments at will ?

Ye powers, who guide my actions, tell

Why I, in whom the seeds of Music dwell,

Who most its power and excellence admire.

Whose ver3' breast, itselfs, a Lyre,

Was never taught the heavenly art
Of modulating sounds.

And can no more, in consort, bear a part
Than the wild roe, that o'er the mountains bounds ?

Could I live o'er my j'outh again

(But, ah ! the wisli how idly vain !)

Instead of poor deluding rhyme

Which like a Siren murders time,

Instead of dull scholastic terms.

Which made me stare and fancy charms;

With Gordon's brave ambition tired,

Beyond the towering Alps, untired
To tune luy voice to his sweet notes, I'd roam ;

Or search the Magazines of Sound

Where Musick's treasures lay profound
With M.{alcohn) here at home.

M , the dear deserving man.

Who, taught in Nature's laws.

To spread his country's glory, can
Practise the beauties of the Art, and show its grounds
and cause."

Query. Can any of your musical antiquaries
assist me in determining if the Gordon mentioned
above was ]5lonkbarns's " Sandie Gordon," author
of the Itinerarium Septentrionale ?

3. A. Peethensis.

Bibliographical Queries (2°'^ S. viii. 208.) —
My best thanks are due to Mr. Offob, whose

Note has enabled me to ascertain that my copy
of Coverdale's Bible, 1553, wants two leaves of
the Kalender, and the Table at the end of the
text.

The New Testament differs from Copland's
edition of 1549. The preliminary leaves are six-
teen ; the first four printed in red and black,
d'he title within a woodcut architectural border,
surmounted by the face and wings of an angel.
*J[The new testament in Englishe faythfuUy
traslated accordyng to the texte of Erasmus,
permitted and authorised by y* kynges maiestie
^ his counsaile (: : :).

*1I Imprinted ad London in Fletestrete at the
Signe of y® Rose garland by Wyllyam Copland,
for John Wayly. 1550. On the reverse of the
title is ^ An almanack for .xxviii. yeares., be-
ginning 1550. Then The kalender, in double
columns ; 6 pages, the first or signature *.ii.
This is followed by ^ A Table for the foure
Euangelistes, wherin thou mayst lyghtly fynde
any story contayned in the, etc. ; 17 pages.
^Here foloweth the Actes of the Apostles ; 5
pages. After which, ^A compendious and brief
rehersall of all the contentes of the bokes of the
newe testament ; 2 pages, the second ending with
FINIS. The text begins on a. i., and the signa-
tures run on (omitting the letters d, e, j, u, and
w) to R in eights, the Apocalypse ending on the
recto of R. iiii. with ^ The ende of the newe
Testament. The volume is not paged. A full
page contains 36 lines. The book is printed in
black letter ; the running titles, chapters, mar-
ginal references and preliminary pages in the
same type as the text. No contents of chapters.
Some of the initial letters are Roman capitals,
cut in wood, 5 to 9 lines deep. The rest are metal
type, of a German character, from 2 to 4 lines
deep. The volume measures 5j inches by 3^,
and is bound in brown morocco. Joseph Rix.

St. Neots.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

A List of the Books of Reference in the Reading Room
of the British Museum. Printed by Order of the Trtistees.

In directing the printing of this most useful volume,
and causing it to be sold at the low price of 7s. 6d., the
Trustees of the British Museum have done a good work —
a work which entitles them to the best thanks of all men
of letters. To the frequenters of the magnificent Read-
ing Room now provided for them in what was once a
vacant quadrangle, a list of the many thousand volumes
arranged systematically around its walls, and to which
they can refer without a moment's delay, is a boon cal-
culated alike to add to their comfort and to facilitate
their researches. These books consist not only of Diction-
aries, Encj'clopffidias, Atlases, Gazetteers, Catalogues,
the leading works in Art, Science, Literature, and the
most important collections in the various branches of
fearning, but also of many works which, although not

280

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Oct. 1. '59.

strictly works of reference, are constantly asked for by
the readers — and of such works those editions have been
selected which are found to be most generally useful.
But though styled simply and unpretendingly merely A
List of the Books of Reference, §-c., this volume is in fact
a great deal more. In the first place we find in it the
contents of the greater number of Collections set out at
length (and the value and utility of this feature of the
List are too obvious to need insisting on) ; secondly, Lista
of the various Catalogues and Indexes placed in the room
for consultation by the visitors ; and thirdly, which is a
most important feature in the volume. An Alphabetical
Index of Subjects, so that the student may see at a glance
what works he can consult on the particular branch of
study which he may be pursuing. When we consider
by whom this selection of books for the Reading Room
has been made, that it has been the labour of a body of
gentlemen whose peculiar business it is to find out what
are the best books of reference, it will be seen that this
Index makes the present volume as useful to all in-
quirers into any of the various branches of human learn-
ing, as we believe it to be indispensable to all the habi-
tual frequenters of the Reading Room — and we heartily
thank Mr. Panizzi, Mr. Winter Jones, and Mr. Rye, for a
volume which no working man of letters should be
without.

The Booke of the Pylgremage of the Soule. Translated

from the French of Guillaume de Guileville, and printed by

William Caxton, 1483. With Illuminations taken from

the MS. Copy in the British Museum. Edited by Katharine

Isabella Gust. (B. M. Pickering.)

The readers of " N. & Q." will probably remember the
notice in our No. for 7th August, 1858, of the valuable
collections made by the late Mr. Hill for illustrating the
literary historj' of those works which resemble in their
character John Bunyan's immortal allegory. The Pil-
grim's Progress. The principal feature of that volume
was the comparison between Bunyan's work and the old
French poem of Guillaume de Guileville, — an author
formerly so popular in this country as to have num-
bered, as was then shown, both Chaucer and Lydgate
among his translators. The present work is a supplement
or completion of the former, and consists of the transla-
tion of the Pylgremage of the Soule, made from the French,
with additions in 1413, and printed by Caxton in 1483.
The translator, as the editor shows, was in all probability
Lydgate. The volume is curiously illustrated, and is a
valuable contribution towards the history of religious
allegorical literature. It is to be regretted, however, that
any parts of the work should have been omitted, Avhat-
ever may be the Editor's views as to the religious doc-
trine contained in them. ITiey were characteristic of the
age, and should have been reproduced.

Shaw's Staffordshire. Vol. XT. Part I.

Wanted by Mr. Hix, St. Neota.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

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Selecta Pokmata Anolohum. Edited by Edward Popham. 3 Vols.
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Bevehlac : A History op Beverley.

Christopuer Smar r 's Poems.

The Metrical Version of the Psalms, by James Merrick.

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Among other Papers which will shortly appear, are Another Note on
the Coruwallis Papers, bu Air. Fitz-Patriclc ; Bishop Bedell, by Rev.
Mr. May or, Kirk Session Records of Hutton, Berwickshire; Tote and
All Fools' Day, by Mr. Myers ; Heralds' Visitations, Stc.

J. R. The report, happily unfounded, of the death of Lord Brougham
was announced in the Morning Post and Morning Chronicle of October
22nd, 1839, but contradicted in The Times oftJie same day.

E. S. J. whose Queries on Syr Tryamoure appeared in " N. & Q." of
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appeared in our last ^o.,are requested to say where letters may be ad-
dressed to them.

Scrutator. Camden, in his Remains, says " Isabel is the same as
Elizabeth, if the Spaniards do not mistake, who always translate Eliza-
beth into Isabel, and the French into Isabeau." See N. & Q." 1st S. i.
439. 488.; ii. 159.264.

A. B. Diphtheria is explained in oar last volume, p. 48.

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NOTES AND QUERIES:

%■ Iftbitttn oi Inta-Cwmmanxtatwrn

for

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price 4ef. unstamped ; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 195. — September 24th.

x\OTES: — The Lion in Italy, by Sir G. C.Lewis -Folk Lore : One
Magpie — Warts — Bees — Christmas Eve — Sickening Cake — Rus-
tic Superstition — Saints' Days — Custom at Farnborough — English
and Foreign Custom of Eating Goose — King John and the Jews in
Canterbury, by John Brent — County Libraries, by Rev. S. F. Cres-
well — Flyleaf Scribblings — Charter of Alexander II.

Minor Notes : _ Rosenfeldians and Mormonites — Epigram on Caesar
Borgia —Walking Stewart— Bearded Women.

QUERIES : —Biblical Conjecture-Notes : the right Date of the Epistle
to the Hebrews, by Francis Barham — Lady Culross's Dream, by
Lady Bulwer Lytton.

Minor Queries : — " La Th^balde:" Remy's "La Pucelle" — Jasper
Runic Ring _ Dr. Thomas Brett — Archiepiscopal Mitre — Baron of
Beef at Windsor — Shawl, at Leyboum — The Frog a Symbol —
Dyche's English Dictionary, by Wm. Pardon — Cranbrook Grammar
School — Battens — Bell Metal — Norton Family, &c.

Minor Queries with Answers: — An Almery- Gog and Magog —
" HornChilde: Child Horn " — Lobster, a Nickname for Soldier —
Heraldic : Arms of Greig — Leslie's Answer to Abp. King.

REPLIES : — Major Duncanson and the Massacre of Glencoc, by T.

Carter, &c " The Wren Song," by Sir J. Emerson Teunent, &c. —

Henry Smith, by B. H. Cowper.

Replies to Minor Queries : — " Life is before ye ! " — Efford _ Super-
Altars— Vales of Red and White Horse — John Anderson — Marat
— Bal lop— Scotch Genealoffies — Extraordinary Rjrth — Liverpool,
Cespoole, Lerpoole — The Vulgate of 1482 — Pill-gar lick — Very —
" O whar got ye that bonuie blue bonnet," &c.

Notes on Books, stc

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES : —

First Series, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 61. 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 37. 13s. 6d. cloth ; and

General Inder to First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

2'»'i S. VIII., Oct. 8. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

281

LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8. 1859.

NO. 197, — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Another " Note to the Cornwallis Papers," by William John
Fltz-Patrick, 281 —Tote: All Fools' Day, &c., by Oustavus A. Myers,
282 — Henry Garnet, 283.

SHAKsrEARiANA: — Shakspeare and Chancer on the Continent — Por-
trait of Shakspeare — Shakspeare: the Homilies— Ducdfime — Galh-
mawfry — Tap — Shakspeare's Latinity, &c., 284.
Elegy on Hobbes the Atheist, by William Henry Hart, 286 — Original
letter of Neile, Bishop of Durham, recommending Buckingham as
Candidate for the Chancellorship of Cambridge University, 1626, by
Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, 287 — Oliver Cromwell, lb.

Minor Notes : — A Merry Question anent the Burning of a Mill — The
Mohawks _ Proverbial Expression — Scott's Lines on Woman-
Belies of the Plague of London, &c., 288.

QTTERIES :— Washington Letter, by Samuel J. May, 289 — Seals of
Officers who perished in Affghanistan, by E. C. Bayley, lb.

MixoB QnsRiEs: — " The Tale of a Tub " — G. Herbert and Theocritus
— Speed of Steamers — Italian Music in England — Schuyler — Epi-
gram — Will. De la Grace (Mareehall), &c., 290.

Minor Qderies with Answers:- The Pope's Title — Mrs. Grundy —
The Ballet in England — Cricket — Cracknells — Quotation, 293.

REPLIES:— Cardinal Wolsey, 294 — The Lord Mayor of Dublin: "Rid-
ing the Franchises," by S. Redmond, &c., 295— Last Wolf in Scotland,
by John Maclean, 296.

Repiies to Minor Queries :_ Sufiragan Bishop — Syr Tryamoure —
Cross and Candlesticks on Super-altar- Bacon's Essay XLV. —Jas-
per Runic Ring — Louis the Fifteenth, &c., 296.

ANOTHER "NOTE TO THE CORNWALLIS PAPERS."

The Cornwallis Correspondence confirms the
allegation that Leonard Mac Nally, the confiden-
tial law adviser to, and eloquent counsel for, the
leaders of the Irish rebellion of 1798, was abso-
lutely in the pay of the unscrupulous government
of that day, and basely betrayed the secrets of his
confiding clients. Mac Nally had been himself a
member of the Whig Club, and the Society of
United Irishmen : he was apparently a staunch
democrat, and enjoyed the most unlimited con-
fidence of the popular party. He survived until
1820 ; and with such consummate hypocrisy was
his turpitude veiled, that men who could read the
inmost soul of others never for a moment sus-
pected him ! The late W. H. Curran, in the Life
of his father (i.^84-5.), pronounces a brilliant
eulogium on " the many endearing traits " in Mac
I^'ally's character, and adds that he (W. H. Cur-
ran) is filled with " emotions of the most lively
and respectful gratitude." We farther learn that
" for three and forty years Mr. Mac Nally was the
friend" of Curran, and that "he performed the du-
ties of the relation with the most uncompromising
and romantic fidelity." Years after, when the
late D. Owen Maddyn urged W. H. Curran to
bring out a new edition of the Life of John Phil-
pot Curran, he replied that it would be impossible
to do so, as he should have to cancel the passage
to which I have referred, and indulge in severe
reflections upon the memory of Mac Nally, a near
relation of whom was practising in the Court
where Mr. W. H. Curran sat as judge. Mr, Com-
missioner Charles Phillips, who practised for many
years at the same bar with Mac Nally, thus no-

tices, in one of the last editions of Curran and
his Contemporaries, the report that Mac Nally had
a pension : —

" The thing is incredible ! If I was called upon to
point out, next to Curran, the man most obnoxious to
the Government — who most hated them, and was most
hated by them — it would have been Leonard Mac Nally,
That Mac Nally who, amidst the military audience, stood
by Curran's side while he denounced oppression, defied
power, and dared every danger ! "

After the death of Mac Nally, his representa-
tive claimed a continuance of the secret pension
of 300^. a year, which he had been enjoying since
the calamitous period of the rebellion. Lord Wel-
lesley, the Viceroy, demanded a detailed state-
ment of the circumstances under which the unholy
agreement had been made ; and after some hesita-
tion it was furnished. The startling truth in a
short time became generally known. O'Connell
announced the fact publicly, and used it as an
argument for dissuading the people from embark-
ing in treasonable projects.

The MS. volume containing " an Account of
the Secret Service Money Expenditure," which
found its way out of the Castle archives some
twenty years ago, and was offered for sale in
Henry Street, Dublin, by a second-hand book-
seller, records* the frequent payment of large
sums to Mac Nally, irrespective of his pension,
during the troubled times which preceded and
followed the Union, This engine of corruption
— as recorded by the same document — invariably
passed through the hands of a Mr. J. Pollock,

It is suggestive of intensely melancholy ideas to
glance over this blood-tinged record. The initials
of Mac Nally perpetually rise like an infernal
phantom through its pages. Passing over the
myriad entries throughout the interval 1797 to
1803, we come to the period of Robert Emmet's
insurrection. In the State Trials we find Mac
Nally, on September 19, 1803, acting as counsel for
Emmet at the Special Commission. Under date
September 14, 1803, '■'■ L. M. lOOZ." appears on

* My friend, Doctor , has given me the following

account of the discovery of this document : " When Lord
Mulgrave, now Marquis of Normanby, was Lord-Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, some official in Dublin Castle cleared
out and sold a quantity of books and papers, which were
purchased in one lot by John Feagan, a dealer in second-
hand books who had as his place of business a cellar at
the comer of Henry Street. I had the opportunity of
examining the entii-e collection, but not being much of
a politician, I only selected two volumes. Wade's Cata-
logue of the Plants of the co. Dublin^ and the Catalogue of
the Pinelli Library, sold in London a.d. 1789, which I
bought for Is. 6d. Thej', and the others of the collec-
tion, had each a red leather label, on which in large gilt
capitals was impressed, ' Library, Dublin Castle.' Among
them was the MS. account of the expenditure of the
Secret Service money, and of which I was the first to
point out the possible value when it was about to be
thrown, with various useless and imperfect books, into
waste paper,"

282

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°<i S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.

record in the Secret Service Money Book. Tliis
retainer, doubtless, was more than quadruple the
amount of poor Emmet's fee. The gifted young
Irishman was found guilty and executed. No one
is permitted to see him in prison, but Mac Nally,
who pays him a visit on the morning of his execu-
tion, addresses him as " Robert," and shows him
every manifestation of affection.* On the 25 th
August, 1803, "Mr. Pollock, for L. M., lOOZ." is
also recorded.

The masterly manner in whicli Mac Nally for-
tified his duplicity is worthy of attention. As I
already observed, persons usually the most clear-
sighted regarded him as a paragon of purity and
worth. Defending Finney, in conjunction with
Philpot Curran, the latter giving way to the im-
pulse of his generous feelings, threw his arm over
the shoulder of Mac Nally, and with emotion
said ; — *

" ' Mj' old and excellent friend, I have long known and
respected the honesty of your heart, but never until this
occasion was I acquainted with the extent of your abili-
ties : I am not in the habit of paying compliments where
they are undeserved.' Tears fell from Mr. Curran as he
hung over his friend." f

Nineteen years after Curran died ; and he died
with the illusion undispelled. From the FreemmCs
Journal of Oct. 13, 1817, we gather that Judge
Burton wrote from London to Mac Nally, as the
old and dear friend of Curran, to announce the
approaching death of the great patriot.

A gentleman who conducted the leading popu-
lar paper of Dublin some forty years ago, in
a communication to me observes : —

" It was in 1811, during the prolonged trials of the
Catholic Delegates (Lord Fingal, Sheridan, Burke, and
Kirwan,) that doubts were first entertained of Mac Nally's
fidelit}'. Mac Nally took a leading part in the counsels
of the Delegates and their friends. We observed that the
Orange Attorney-General Saurin alwaj's appeared won-
drously well prepared next day for the arguments which
we had arranged. Mac Nally, no doubt, used to com-
municate to the law officers of the crown all the secrets
of his confiding clients."

James ]\Iac Guicken, a Belfast attorney, was a
leading and trusted member of the Northern
Directory of the United Irishmen. In the trials
which followed the partial outbreak in 1798, Mac
Guicken constantly figured as counsel for the
rebel leaders of Ulster. This man was also tam-
psred with, corrupted, and eventually pensioned.
He survived until 1817. Exclusive of his pen-
sion he received, as gentle stimulants, between
March 1799 and Feb. 1804, the sum of 1460Z.

The world now knows the guilt of Mac Nally
and Mac Guicken. Their memory has been exe-
crated. But surely the vile seducer of these once
honourable men deserves a share of the obloquy.
Who was the man who first debauched the

• Mad den's Life of Emmet, p. 273.
f Life of Carran, "by his Son, i. 397.

counsel and solicitor of the United Irishmen?
" Thereby hangs a tale," which I must reserve for
a second paper. William John Fitz-Patrick.

Kilmacud Manor, Dublin.

TOTE : ALL FOOLS DAY, ETC.

I am a constant reader of " N. & Q.," and the
fortunate possessor of the whole from the begin-
ning. Every year adds to its value, and I cor-
dially congratulate you on its eminent success.
Permit me now to address you on one or two
subjects which have Interested me.

The word tote, used as a verb, has often at-
tracted the attention of our philologists, and
various have been the conjectures as to its ety-
mology. It is always applied, in the southern
portion of the United States, to the act of carry-
ing an object from one place to another. Webster
in his Dictionary defines it thus : " Tote, v. t. To
carry, to bear;" and accompanies it with this
commentary : —

" A word used in slave-holding countries, said to have
been introduced by the blacks. This word is said also to
be the same as Tolt, which see, the I being omitted. It
is much used in the Southern and Middle United States,
is occasionally heard in New England, and is said also to
be used in England."

The word tolt, to which Webster refers, is of
course familiar to the legal profession, being the
name of a writ by which the proceedings on a
writ of right are removed (carried) from the Court
Baron into the County Court, the precept from
the sheriff being " quia tollit atque eximit causam
e curia baronura." — 3rd Blachst. Com., p. 34.

I have very little doubt that the word really is
derived from the Latin tollo ; that it was not in-
troduced by the " blacks," but by our English
ancestors ; that it is the same as toll, the I being
omitted ; and that it was converted into the verb
to tote, being found a short and convenient syno-
nyme for the verbs to carry, to hear. Is it used in
England, and, if so, in what sense ? If it be, it is
difficult to conceive that it was introduced the7-e
by the blacks, who I suspect are entirely innocent
of the charge. The fact is that among that race
we frequently hear old Saxon words used in their
primitive sense, which are regarded as low, and
excluded from politer circles. For example, I
have heard one of them direct another "to out the
light." So, too, the word tliof is very frequently
used by them, as it is according to Richardson
(Diet, in voce) by the English country folks, in-
stead 0? though, and in precisely the same sense.

My conjecture is, that these words were in
common use by our early English settlers, and
that the blacks caught them up, and have used
them ever since, while among the educated classes
they have become obsolete.

That the verb to tote was not unknown in Eng-

2"'i S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

283

land at a comparatively ancient period, appears
from two passages in the Plowman s Tale, vol. iv.
pp. 73 and 85., Bell's edition of Chaucer, Edinb.
1782.

« Who toteth on 'hem ben untall."— P. 73.

And again : —

"Tliei toteth on the summe totall." — P. 85.

I am aware of the doubt which exists about the
authorship of the Ploionian's Tale, but it matters
not in this case, as it is obvious that the word is a
very old one. It surely is not used in the sense
of carrying or hearing in either of the above lines.
It would rather appear to mean confiding, trusting
to, unless I am mistaken in the signification of the
context. Will some of your correspondents be
kind enough to refer to the passages indicated and
explain them ? The Glossaries, as far as I have
been able to examine them, afford no assistance.

There is another subject upon which I will
trouble you. Numerous have been the conjec-
tures about the oi'igin of the peculiar observance
of the 1st of April, " All Fools' Day." * I do not
know that any of them have satisfied the curious
inquirers. AVill you allow me to add another
suggestion to those which have already been of-
fered, and which, as far as I recollect, has hitherto
escaped observation ? I do so with unfeigned mo-
desty, in the hope of eliciting information, which
I know abounds among your correspondents.

In L. Apulei Metamo?-phoseos lib. ii. p. 41.
1. 29. edit. Pricsei, mdcl., this passage occurs : —

" Solemnis, inquit, dies a primis cunabuUs huju3 iirbis
conditaj crastinus advenit, quo die soli mortalium sanc-
tissimum deum Risum bilaro atque gandiali ritu propi-
tiamua. Hunc tua prsesentia nobis efRciat gratiorem.
Atque utinam aliquid de proprio lepore liBtiticum hono-
rando Deo comminiscaris, quo magis pleniusque tanto
numini litemus."

I have italicised the words " soli mortalium,"
to call attention to the circumstance that the cele-
bration of the festival of the god Risus was then
confined to the Hypatasi, according to Byrrhajna's
assurance. Was the Roman festival called Hi-
laria, or Hilaria Matris Deum, the same ? This,
according to Macrobius {Saturnalia, i. 21.), was
on the 8th day before the Calends (or 1st) of
April, corresponding to the 25th of March, " quo
primum tempore, sol diem longiorem nocte pro-
tendit," and the sports indulged in on that occa-
sion are referred to by Flavins Vopiscus, Div.
Aurel. ]., are commented upon by Salmasius,
upon their authority described by Smith in his
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, under
the head of Hilaeia, and bear a strong resem-

[* Vide Rev. Peter Roberts's Cambrian Popular Anti-
quities (8vo. Lond. 1815), where he traces the custom to
the festival which was held at the time of the vernal
equinox, or "first day of the first month" of the Jews;
on which day Noah sent the raven out of the ark upoii its
bootless expedition. Pp. 113 — 117. inclusive. — Ed.]

blance as well to the ancient celebration described
by Apuleius as to that which prevailed in modern
times. I say prevailed, for I believe the worship
of the god Risus is very generally abandoned in
these matter-of-fact da}'?. The readers of Apu-
leius well know that Lucius having accepted
Byrrhajna's invitation, was made the subject of
as pretty an April-fool's trick as has probably
ever been practised since.

I have already extended this paper to an un-
reasonable length, and must apologise for doing
so ; but really the admirable character of " N". &
Q." tempts me, whenever in pursuit of informa-
tion, to resort to your correspondents with almost
a positive certainty of obtaining that which I seek.
Indeed your periodical may justly be regarded as
converting the world into a literary club.

I observe that most of your correspondents
write under their real names. I give you mine, as
I did in a Query I formerly addressed to you on
the subject of the Washington Eagle, which you
so kindly and promptly replied to.

GusTAvus A. Myeks.

Richmond, Virginia, U. S. A.,
September 8, 1859.

HENRY GARNET.

The columns of "N". & Q." have often been of
great service in rescuing from oblivion many curi-
ous documents, and numerous waifs and strays of
English history, which otherwise, to this day, would
probably have remained unknown.

Lying almost illegible in the State Paper Office,
and becoming if possible more illegible every day,
are many letters of historical interest, dated from
the Tower of London, and written in lemon juice,
all of them in the handwriting, and nearly all
bearing the signature, of Henry Garnet, the
Jesuit.

The following letter, never to my knowledge
before printed, I think worthy of being published
here. The original is calendared in " The Gun-
powder Plot Book," No. 241.

It will be understood that the first part, writ-
ten in ink, was of no moment, but was intended
to be seen by the Officials in the Tower, and meant
to blind them. The pith was contained in the
part written in lemon juice. These letters at-
tracted attention from their wide margins and in-
significant contents.

(7h inh.')

" I pray you lett these spectacles be set in leather, and
with a leather case, and lett the fould be fytter for y"
nose.

« Y" for ever, H. G.

" IIenky Gahnett."
(On the back in lemon juice.')

" This Bearer knoweth that 1 write this, but thinks it
must be read with water. The paper seut with bisket
bread I was forced to burn, and did not read. I pray
write again.

284

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2°* S. VIII. Oct. 8, '59.

" I have acknowledged that I went from Sir Evereds
to Coughton, and stayed 2 or 3 daj'es after my lady went
to London, and then rode away alone.

" Also that Bates and Greenway mett by chaunce, and
Greenway said all Catholicks were undone, not as they
would have it that Jesuits only were discredited. I read
the letter before Bates and Greenwaj-. My Lady Digby
came in. What did shee? Alas, what but cry.

" My answer was to Bates by word of mouth. I am
sorry they haue without advise of frends adventured in so
ivicked an action. Lett them desist. In Wales I neither
can nor will assist them. And if Wales were so disposed
as they require, j^et were all too late.

" I must needs acknowledge my being with the two
sisters, and that at White webbs as is trew, for they are
so jealous of White webbs that I can in no way else
satisfy. My names 1 all confess but that Last. Appoint
some'place neere where this bearer may meete some trusty
frend. Where is M" Anne ? "

No date. No endorsement ; but written ap-
parently in February, 1603-6. W. O. W.

SHAKSFEABIANA.

Shdkspeare and Chaucer on the Continent. —
The Germans boast that they have adopted Shak-
speare as one of their own children, and cherish
a love and veneration for him of corresponding
intensity. The translations of his dramas with
which Schlegel, Tieck, and others have enriched
their native literature, fully entitle them to take
a high tone in their remarks and criticisms on the
great bard of Avon ; and we are not surprised to
hear that Ulrici, one of the most distinguished
among German commentators on Shakspeare, in
a recent review of Tycho-Mommsen's critical
edition of Romeo and Juliet, expresses a hope that
his country's scholars will henceforward bestow
on Shakspeare that philological profoundness and
scientific criticism which they have devoted, with
so much success, to Classical and Oriental litera-
ture. Mommsen's Romeo and Juliet (Oldenberg,
1859), consists of a careful reprint of the first two
4to. editions of the play (1597 and 1599), the first
of which is pronounced clearly to have been a
pirated edition, printed without the knowledge or
permission of the author. The second edition, in
all probability, was the only one in which Shaks-
peare took any part, and is, therefore, entitled to
be considered of decisive authority. Mommsen
has inserted the various readings with a valuable
introduction, containing essays on the structure
of Shakspeare's verse, the syncope of some gram-
matical terminations, &c.

While Germany is occupied with Shakspeare, a
French scholar has devoted an 8vo. volume to an
E'tude sur Chaucer, considere comme Imitateur des
Trouveres. The author is M, E. G. Sandras,
Agrege of the University. M. Sandras states in
his introduction that he was induced to undertake
the work, because the greater part of the writers
who supplied Chaucer with his materials were

Frenchmen, whose rights have not hitherto been
sufficiently established. In inquiring after the
different masters who inspired the muse of Chau-
cer, the author thinks he has written a page in the
literary history of his country : and we are sure
that his researches will be received with respect
and gratitude by English scholars. J. M.

Oxford.

Portrait of Shdkspeare. — In the possession of
Mr. Archer, of the Royal Library, Weymouth, is
an oil painting representing a man apparently of
thirty-two years of age, or thereabouts, with small
pointed beard and moustache, and large rufl'. In
the upper right hand corner (facing the spectator)
is written in yellow paint in an Italic hand, " W.
Shakespeare." I believe Mr. Archer obtained it
from a family at Bath. The picture is apparently
as old as Shakspeare's time. Of its authenticity
I offer no opinion, but merely wish to make a
Note of the circumstance. I shall add that,
speaking from recollection, it has a great simi-
larity to the Chandos Portrait, but represents a
younger man. Arthur Paget.

Cranmore.

Shakspeare : the Homilies. — Read as they were
over and over again in church, the Homilies could
not fail to leave many of their thoughts and
phrases impressed upon the minds of the learners.
But there is a very familiar passage in Shakspeare
which shows their influence upon the poet like-
wise : —

" Who steals my purse," &c.

Othello, iii. 3.

" And many times cometh less hurt of a thief than of
a railing tongue : for the one taketh away a man's good
name ; the other taketh but his riches, which is of much
less value and estimation than is his good name." —
Homily against Contention, p. 137.*

E. Marshall.

Oxford.

Ducddme. — As You like it. Act II. Sc. 5. — Sir
Thomas Hanmer thought this word to be a cor-
ruption of the Latin, due ad me, "lead him to me."
Farmer, Malone, and most others not being satis-
fied with this interpretation, have considered it
" a word coined for the nonce." Is it not lite-
rally as written due da me, " lead him from me ? "
Amiens has been describing the generous soul "who
does ambition shun," &c., and welcomes him with
a " come hither, come hither." Jaques is describ-
ing the opposite character who thinks " a stubborn
will to please," and goes on with his parody, " keep
him from me," instead of " come hither." Da is
the Italian preposition " from," answering to the
Latin a, ab, abs. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

* Preface, p. xxix. ; Homilies, Oxf. 1869. ed. Griffiths.

2"d s. VIII. Oct. 8. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

GaUimawfry, — in the glossaries is interpreted
" a medley," " a confused Leap of things ;" and this
might be the meaning in the Winter's Tale, Act
IV. Sc. 3., did we meet with it in no other passage.
But in the Merry Wives of Windsor, Act II. Sc.
1., Pistol, talking to Ford of his wife, says —
" He loves thy galliniawfry ; Ford, perpend ! "

Of course the word as given above would be non-
sense applied to a lady, and it could not be a term
of reproach, or Pistol would not dare to use it to
Ford's face. Is it not derived from the Anglo-
Saxon gal, light, pleasant, and mauther or maufer,
a provincial term for a lass, derived, says Spel-
mau, from the Danish ? The " gallimawfry of
gambols," in the Winter's Tale (supra), would then
.probably mean such gambols as young girls play.

A. A.
Poets' Corner.

Fap. — Merry Wives of Windsor, Act I. Sc. 1.
— Bardolph, when describing how Slender got tipsy,
and had his pocket picked, says, " the gentleman
had drunk himself out of his five sentences, and
being fap, was, as they say, cashiered." The com-
mentators simply say in a note " fap, i. e. drunk."
There seems, however, to be no word like this in
any language ; besides Bardolph has just said he
was drunk. Is not the true reading " sap," being
silly, weak, sappy, he suffered his pocket to be
picked? The sap or soft part of timber has
always been considered a type of a weak person.

A. A.

Poets' Comer.

Fair lined Slippers. — In the beautiful pastoral
of Chr. Marlowe, " Come, live with me, and be my
love," referred to by Shakspeare in the Merry
Wives of Windsor, occurs a line, the reading of
which appears to me to be capable of emenda-
tion : —

" A gown made of the finest wool,

Which from our pretty lambs we pull :

Fair lined slippers for the cold,

With buckles of the purest gold."

Should we not read " rmV-lined," or '■'•fur-
lined," slippers ? Fair lined seems poor, espe-
cially as we have just had pretty lambs ; and vair
and fair are so similar in sound as to be easily
confounded. Cjbtlonensis.

[Walton's version of this pastoral, in his Complete An-
gler, contains several variations ; among others one in the
third line of the verse quoted above, which reads : —
" A gown made of the finest wool,
Which from our pretty Iambs we pull ;
Slippers, lin'd choicely for the cold,
With buckles of the purest gold."]

Shahspeare's Latinity. — I was reading Bishop
Hall's treatise, Heaven upon Earth, this morning,
when I observed that he there alludes to persons

" of firm and obdurate foreheads," to which ex-
pression a note is subjoined (in Cattermole's edi-
tion), stating that such is a proverbial Latin
idiom ; a person lost to shame being said to be
" duraj et perfricataj frontis." Now, Shakspeare
uses the expression " mdiashful forehead." *" Qy.,
Was Shakspeare therefore acquainted with this
Latin idiom ? John Peat, M.A.

Weald Parsonage.

Allusion to the Play of "Hamlet " in 1596. —

" And looks as pale as the visard of y« ghost which
cried so miserably at y« Theater like an oister wife ' Ham-
let revenge.' " — Lodge's Incarnate Devils, 1596, p. 56.

Ithl'biel.

Early Allusion to Shakspeare. — Amongst a col-
lection of poems, sixteenth and seventeenth cen-
tury, formerly in the possession of Dr. Bliss, and
noted by him as collected by Clement Paman, we
find one called "A Poetical Revenge," which
alludes to the plays of Shakspeare : —
" But ere I farre did gee
I flunge y'' darts of wounding poetrie
These two or three sharpe curses backe. May he
Be by his father in his study tooke,
At Shakespeare's Playes instead of the L<i Cooke."

Ithuriel.

Shakspeare Music. — As everything relating to
Shakspeare has its interest, one would like to see
a list of the musical compositions to his poetry.
Some of bis songs have been set to music several
times, and in those cases where any one of the
composers has been strikingly successful, it would
be very curious to see the less fortunate attempts
at the same words. Thus, Purcell's setting of
"Full fathom five" is famous, but there are at
least two other settings in existence : one by
Banister, in Charles ll.'s time, and one by Han-
del's friend, John Christopher Smith, which has
even attained to the honour of being reprinted
(twice, I think f). Again, Purcell's setting of
" Come unto these yellow sands," is the univer-
sally received one ; there ai-e, however, at least
two other settings in the field : one by Banister,
and one (as a glee) by Sir John Stevenson. Then
there is Dr. Arne's happy conception of " Where
the bee sucks," of which song it may be noted
that there are at least four other settings extant :
one by Pelham Humphrey J, one by Dr. John

* As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 3.

t In Mr. E. Loder's arrangement of J. C. Smith's " Full
fathom five" (1850), the music is transposed from the
original key of E flat, into D. Purcell's chorus, " Sea-
nj'mphs hourly ring his knell," belonging to his own
setting of " Full fathom five," has been added by Mr.
Loder to J. C. Smith's song, but without any intimation
of the authorship.

J Pelham Humphrej' is mentioned several times by
Pepys in his Diary. The printed music of his composi-

286

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'i S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.

"VVilson (as a glee), to be found in Playford's
JSImlcal Companion (1672) ; one by J. C. Smith,
in his opera of The Fairies ; and another by no
less a man than Purcell himself, as Dr. Kimbault,
who possesses the music, has informed us (see
" K & Q.," 1*' S. ii. 496.) Alfred RorrB.

Shakespeare, Sherloch, and Sterne. — In the
parish church of Witton, near North Walsham,
Norfolk, among other monuments to the memory
of the Norris family, who formerly resided there,
is one to the memory of Elizabeth, wife of Jno.
Norris, Esq., the founder of the Divinity Profes-
sorshijj at Cambridge which bears his name. This
monument consists of an oval marble slab, resting
on a Grecian moulding, supported on one side by
a weeping cherub, at whose feet is a shield bearing
Norris and Piayters ; on the other side is a pile
of books surmounted by a lamp kindled. The
volumes, which are four in number, are inscribed
as follows, commencing from the bottom : Sher-
lock, Holy Bible, Shakespeare, Sterne. The fol-
lowing is the inscription : —

"ELIZABETH NORRIS,

Wife of JOHN NORRIS, Esq"-.,

and only Daughter of

JOHN PLATTERS of Yelverton, Esq'"''.,

Left this World on Dec 1st, 17G9,

la the 28lh Year of her Age.

" And 13 your poor Husband reserved to this office?

Ah, that TRUTH now descended to save me from it.

So beautiful, with such a character of meaning, so very

innocent, with so much animation. She look'<^ like Nature

in the world's first Spring. Talents inventive, discerning,

judicious, eloquent : rare combination ! She was always

NEW,

enchanting with Magic all her own, by her heart I felt

myself perpetuallj' reminded of the Picture (13. 1st Cor.)

which 1 once drew of Charity; but there was one feature

more properly the same than like. Seeketh not her own

and as to her religious temper, it was exactly this,

" resigned when ills betide.

Patient when favors are denied.

And pleas'd with favors giv'n,

TRUTH,

Now Truth if thou cmi'st add, this Prize

of Heaven was bestowed upon a man,

u'ho knew its Value,

be that his Epitaph.

JOHN NORRIS

left this World the 5th of Janr,

1777. ^Et43."

The quotations which are used to describe this
truly " rare combination " are doubtless extracted
from the authors whose names are on the books,
the reference to 13. 1st Cor. accounting for the
presence of the Holy Bible.

I shall be glad if any of your readers will in-
form me whereabouts in their works these quota-
tions are to be found ; that commencing, " And is
your poor husband, &c.," I imagine to be from

tion is headed as " A Song in the Machines, bv Ariel's
Spirits."

Sterne, but I do not know which part of this
composition must be assigned to Shakspeare and
Sherlock. G. W. W. M.

" Ptit in the pilie with a vice " (2"'* S. vii. 353.) —
In the article on Shakspeare by Mr. Wiixiam
J. Thoms, as above, he finds a difficulty in the
passage in Much Ado about Nothing,

"You must put in the pikes with a vice."

I may be in error, but the allusion seems to me to
be plain enough. The buckler or target common
at the time was often furnished with a steel pike
in the centre, screwed into the boss or umbo.
In order to secure properly in its place an instru-
ment of this nature, sharp at the point and edges,
a vice or some such tool would be required ;
without such aid the pikes would be " dangerous
weapons for maids" in the literal sense of the pas-
sage alone. W. J. Berkhakr Smitu.
Temple.

ELEGY ON nOBBES THE ATHEIST.

The following elegy on Hobbes, the atheist,
may not be uninteresting to your readers. It is
copied from a volume of broadsides which I lately
had the opportunity of inspecting at the Cathe-
dral Library, Lincoln. At the top of this docu-
ment is a device, consisting of a scroll containing
a death's head in the centre, and the motto " me-
mento niori;" with cross bones, and an hour-glass
on either side. William Henry Hart.

Folkestone House, Roupell Park, Streatham.

" AN ELEGY TPOX Mlt. THOMAS HOBBES OF MAI.:M1;s-
BUKY, LATELY DECEASED.

" Is he then dead at last, whom vain i-eport
So often had feign'd mortal in meer sport ?
Whom we on earth so long alive might see,
AVe thought he here had immortality.
As he, like what he wrote, could not expire,
Whom all that did not love, did 3-et admire.
For who his writings still accus'd in vain,
Were taught by him, of whom thej' did complain.
Some authors vented have more truths ; but so
If truths they be, 'tis more than we can know.
He with such art deceiv'd, that none can say
If his be errours, where his errour la}'.
If he mistakes, 'tis still with so much wit,
He erres more pleasingly than others hit.
For there are counterfeits of truth, w'hich are
In shew more truths than truths themselves appear.
As nature in meer sport hath fram'd some Apes
Neerer to men, than some in humane shapes ;
AH were by him so plausibly misled.
The}- chose to lose the way with such a guide.
And" wander pleasantly rather than be
In the right way with duller companie.

With ill success, some fond disputers strove,
What Doctrines he had planted, to remove ;
And justly are they blam'd : for that Disease
Is ill remov'd, which more than health does please.
And who delightful frenzies entertain.
When undeceiv'd, do of their cure complain.

2n<» S. VIII. Ocr. 8. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

2fi7

With such sweet force he does our tli oughts invade,
That where he cannot teach, he does perswade.
And we that read liis writings wish them true,
If we do not believe them to be so.
If he be in the wrong, we hold it still,
Kecause the right appears not half so well.
Who so would mend his faults must make a blot,
Maj' be more truth, but most will like it not.
Tor though fair vertue Plato wisht to see.
Yet vice as fair will please no less than she.
Why are temptations names for what is ill ?
But that her charms are most prevailing still.
Or vice call'd Pleasures? But to shew alone,
That Vice and Pleasure in effect are one.
Hence came our wit to think there was no Devil ;
Or if he tempter was, he was not evil :
And finding him drest in a different fashion,
According to the humour of each nation,
And that the Indians were in this so civil.
To whiten him we black'ned for the devil.
He thought that he was black or M-hite, and Saint or
Devil, according as it pleased the painter.
And vice and vertue both were our opinion,
And vari'd with the laws of each dominion.
To which who did conform was understood.
As their modes differ'd, to be bad or good."

" EPITAPH.

" Is Atheist-Hobbes then dead ! forbear to cry ;
For, whilst he liv'd, he thought he could not dy.
Or was at least most filthy loath to try.

" Leviathan the great is fain ! But see
The small Behemoths of his Progenie
Survive to duel all Divinitie.

" Whither he's gone, becomes not us to say,
The Narrow upper, or the Broad low way :
For who own'd neither well, may hap to stray.

" Most think old Tom, with a recanting verse,
Must his odde notions dolefully rehearse
To new disciples in the Devil's Ar .

" In fine, after a thousand shams and fobbs,
Ninet}- years eating, and immortal Jobbs,
Here Mattek lies, — and there's an end of Hobbes."

" Aliud,
• Here lies Tom Hobbes, the Bug-bear of the Nation,
Whose Death hath frighted Atheism out of Fashion."

" Finis.
« Printed in the year 1679."

ORIGINAL LETTER OF KEILE, BISHOP OF DURHAM,
I BECOMMEKDING BUCKINGHAM AS CANDIDATE FOR
THE CHANCELLORSHIP OF CAMBRIDGE UNIVER-
SITY, 1626.

The part played by the King and Commons in
tlie contest between the Duke of Buckingham and
the Earl of Berkshire makes it a matter of na-
tional, as well as of local, interest. Your readers
may therefore be pleased to see a letter from
Bishop Neile, proving the exertions made by
Charles in behalf of the impeached favourite. Mr.
Cooper (Annals of Cambridge, iii. 185.) has printed
a letter from Neile to tlie Vice-chancellor, in
which he refers to this, but I believe that it has

never before appeared in print. The original,
with the bishop's seal, is preserved in the Treasury
of St. John's College, together with a large mass
of correspondence of the same date. Dr. Gwyn,
I may notice by the way, appears to have been
very careful in preserving all documents which
might throw light upon the history of the Univer-
sity or College. The letter is addressed " To j^
R' Wor" my very loving good friend Mr. Doctor
Gwyn, M"" of St. John's CoUedge in Cambridge."
" Good Master of S' John's,

" In my love to our Mother y^ Universitie,
yo*^ selfe, & our Colledge, I cannot conceale from
you a passage w"^*" I had yesternight with his
Ma"'-' touching our Chancello''ship by occasion of
my Lord of Suffolk's death. Wherin his Ma""
signified his wishing y' y'' universitie would
choose my L'' Duke of Buckingham, & that it
would well please Him to have it presently ef-
fected ; by w'^'' overture of his Ma*''''' Inclination
herein I doe conceive y' in y^ doing therof we
shall not only gaine an honorable Chaucello"' of
y^ Duke of Buckingham, but in a sort purchase
his Ma""' himself, our Royall Patron & Chancel-
lour, in that we fixe our Election upon Him whom
Himself desireth. This I held it my duty to im-
part unto you, hoping that you will by all good
meanes further it, & you may make y"^ substance of
this my letter knowne to such of o' friends as you
think fitt to soUicite in it. So w*** my very harty
Comendacous to yo"" self, & all o"" friends, nos Deo,
" & I rest

"jo"^ very loving friend,

"K. DUSELM.

" Durham house,
"May29, 1G26."

J. E. B. Mayor.
St. John's College, Cambridge.

OLIVER CROMWELL.

There appear to have been three or four Oli-
ver Cromwells living about the same period, —

Sir Oliver Cromwell of Hinchinbrooke, who
died 1655, a3t. 93.

Oliver Cromwell, son of the preceding.

Oliver Cromwell, son of the Earl of Ardglass.

Oliver Cromwell, son of Sir Oliver, brother of
Sir Philip, living 1646, and died in Ireland.

Oliver Cromwell the Protector.

Oliver Cromwell, his son.

The subjoined letter, copy of which is in my
possession, must be one of the above. Am I cor-
rect in ascribing it to the Protector Oliver ?

" Sir, My Lord Cromwell upon the putting in
of his particuler into Gouldsmiths Hall, knowing
what the whole value of his estate amounted unto
yearely, gave it in att 470" in generall, which was
the true value of the whole lying in severall

288

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. Oct. 8. '5P,

countyes. But not being soe perfect in the par-
ticuler values of the severall parcells of his estate,
haveing trusted it constantly to the mannaging
of others, did give in his lands in Staffordshire,
Derbyshire, and Cheshire, at 350" p ann., whereas
the true value is but 255"; and his lands in
Wiltshire but 120", whereas the true value is
215" p ann., both amounting to the sayd sum of {
470", for which hee compounded. My Lord
desires that hee may have liberty to sett the
severall values upon his severall parcells of land, |
all amounting to the sayd sum of 470". And that
hee may have his letters to the severall countyes
accordingly, what favour you shall shew my Lord
Cromwell heerein you shall obleige

" Yo"" very loveing freind,

" Oliver CBOMWELii.
« 29 Octob. 1646."

[At foot is this note inscribed] : —
" If it appeai'e that there be such a mistake as
is here alleaged, lett it be amended as is desired.

"John Ashe."
[Addressed] " To my very loveinge frend

M' Joinner at Gouldsmiths Hall thes."
Abracadabba.

Minot ifiattg*

A Merry Question anent the Burning of a Mill.
— The following quaint passage occurs in Sir
James Balfour of Pettindreich's Practieks of the
Law of Scotland (p. 509.). It affords besides an
excellent specimen of the old Lowland Scotch
language : —

" A Merrie Questioun anent the Burning of a Miln.

" Gif it happin that ony man be passand in the King's
gait or passage, drivand befoir him twa sheip festnit and
knit togidder, be chance ane horse, havand ane sair bak,
is lying in the said gait, and ane of the sheip passis be
the" ane side of the horse, and the uther sheip be the uther
side, swa that the band quhairwith they are bund tuich
or kittle his sair bak, and he thairby movit dois arise,
and caryis the said sheip with him heir and thair, untill
at last he cumis and enteris in ane miln havand ane fire,
without ane keipar, and skatteris the fire, quhairby the
miln, horse, sheip, and all is brunt ; Qucentur, Quha sail
pay the skaith ? Mesponcktur, The awner of the horse
sail pay the sheip, because his horse sould not have been
lying in the King's hie streit, or commoun passage ; and
the miliar sail pay for the miln and the horse, and for all
uther damnage and shaith, because he left ane fire in the
jniln without ane keipar."

From the references which the author gives at
the close, this case would appear to have been an
actual one. G. J.

The Mohawks. — "I am very much frighted
with the fyer, but much more with a gang of
Devils that call themselv's mohocks. They put
an old woman into a Hogshead, and rooled her
down a hill. They cut of som's nosis, other's
hands, ^nd several barbarass tricks, without any

provocation. They are said to be young gentle-
men. They never take any money from any.
Instead of setting fifty pd. upon the head of a
Highwayman, sure they would doe much better
to sett a hundred upon thear heads." — Letter from
Lady Wentworth to her Son Lord Strafford, 14th
March, 1712. Zz.

Proverbial Expression. — I heard the following
remark used by a man near Merrion, co. Dublin,
on seeing a stupid fellow nearly drive his cart
over an umbrella which a passenger had a few
minutes before accidentally let fall. " Oh ! that's
a Whitsuntide fellow, he can't eat his breakfast
without breaking his plate." Y. S. M.

Scotfs Lines on Woman. — Amongst the many
charges of plagiarism laid against the author of
Marmion was one suggested by the cruel in-
genuity of an anonymous critic, apparently in
residence at Cambridge, who, under the name of
" Detector," accused him of appropriating an
elegiac couplet of Vida's : —

" Ciim dolor atque supercilio gravis imminet angor,
Fungeris angelico sola ministerio."

On reading these lines in Lockhart's Life of
Scott the other day (p. 201., ed. 1845), the jingle
seemed familiar to my ear ; and so it was, for
turning to my Arundines Cami, I found the very
same lines in the translation of " O woman in our
hours of ease," &c. My ignorance might possibly
amuse the upper thousand of the learned world ;
nevertheless, I am anxious to know if " Detec-
tor " and " Henricus Josephus Thomas Drury,
Scholae Harroviensis nuper Deuterodidascalus,"
can be identified. Does the heading, " Splendide
Mendax " of the version in the Arundines contain
an allusion to the hoax successfully played off, as
it would appear, upon the Great Unknown ?

M. L. R.

Stanford-le-Hope.

Relics of the Plague of London. — A few weeks
since the workmen, in digging out the foundation
on the east end of Three Nun Court, by St. Mi-
chael's Church, Aldgate, came to a considerable
quantity, upwards of a cart-load, of human skulls
and bones, about seven feet from the surface. In
some of the papers it has been conjectured that
they formed part of the sweepings of some ad-
jacent churchyard after the fire of London. This
was more likely the great pit, or " dreadful gulf,"
as De Foe calls it, provided for the parishes of
Aldgate and Whitechapel, which, during a fort-
night after it was opened, had thrown into it 1114
bodies, when they were obliged to fill it up. De
Foe adds, " I doubt not but there may be some
ancient persons alive in the parish who are able
to show in what part of the churchyard the pit lay
better than I can ; the mark of it also was many
years to be seen in the churchyard, or the surface

2"d S. VIII. Oct. 8. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

289

lying in length, parallel with the passage which
goes . by the west wall of the churchyard out of
Houndsditch, and turns again into Whitechapel,*
coming out near the Three Nuns Inn." J. Y.

Curious Rent-Charge and Service in Yorkshire,
— The following curious custom formerly attached
to a Yorkshire manor, at all events in respect of
the freehold lands of one Edward Cooper : —

« And also All that free Rent of S^ of lawful Money of
Great Britain formerly payable by Edward Cooper for
his freehold lands and tenements in Brereton, held of the
said Manor of South Stainley, otherwise Kirk Stainley,
which rent is payable on the feast day of the birth of our
Lord Christ yearly, and of the service to be performed on
the same day yearly by the said Edward Cooper, his
heirs and ass', of making the fire in the Hall of the
Manor-house of South Stainley, and the paym* of 1"^ to
be p^ to him or her that shall make the fire for him if he,
his heirs or assigns shall fail to perform the same service
in his or their proper person or persons, and of the ser-
vice also to be performed by the said Edward Cooper, his
heirs and assigns, to wit, of sitting yearly on the same
Feast Day at the same Hall Table at Dinner time, with
a dish of Water before him or them, and a stone in it."

Query, Does this custom still exist ?

Geobge Ttas.
Times Office, Leeds.

WASHINGTON LETTER.

In the year 1834 I became acquainted with the
late Edward S. Abdy, Esq., Fellow of Christ Col-
lege, Cambridge, then on a visit to my country,
the United States of America. I had the pleasure
of his company repeatedly at my house, and be-
came deeply interested in him as a gentleman, a
scholar, and a philanthropist. Just as he was
about to take his leave of me and of our country,
in the earnestness of my desire to give him some
token of my great regard, I presented him with
an autograph letter of our immortal Washington.

It was not only an article of great value, as the
production of the pen of the Father of our coun-
try, but it was especially precious as illustrative
of some of the admirable peculiarities of his pri-
vate character. I ought not to have given it to
anyone, to be taken out of our country. And I
have been severely and justly rebuked by a
number of my countrymen for having done so.

Now, therefore, that my friend Mr. Abdy is
dead, I am anxious, if possible, to recover the
possession of that " Washington's letter," or at
least an exact and certified copy of it.

I have been assured that it is not in the posses-
sion of any of his heirs, and have been led to sup-
pose that he gave it to some public institution,
or to some individual curious in such matters.
Several friends have advised me to institute an
inquiry in the columns of your unique and valu-
able paper.

Do me the favour, Mr. Editor, to make my
wishes known to your readers in the manner you
may think best.

The letter can easily be identified. It was
written by George Washington from Philadel-
phia, in 1794, to Mr. John Custis, who I suppose
was, left in charge of Washington's estates at
Mount Vernon during the President's absence
from home. The letter covers nearly seven pages,
ending a little below the middle of the seventh
page. It relates wholly to the management of his
plantations ; and there is a brief note, on the left-
hand side of the last page, showing his kind re-
membrance of his Dutch gardener.

If any individual who may possess the valuable
letter, or may have the charge of it, in the library
of any public institution, will do me the favour to
inform me where it may be found, I shall be very
grateful to him.

I intend to be in London until the morning of
the 10th of October ; and from the 15th until the
22nd in Liverpool.

Between the present and the last-named day
(Oct. 22.), any communication addressed to me,
care of Messrs. Baring Brothers and Co., will
speedily reach me, wherever I may be in Eng-
land. And after that date my address will be
Syracuse, New York, U. S. A. Samuel J. Mat.

SEALS OF OFFICERS WHO PERISHED IN
AFFGHANISTAN.

The seals described below are believed to
have belonged to officers who perished in Afighan-
istan in 1841-42. The seals themselves are de-
posited with the Editor of " N. & Q.," and will be
restored by him to any relative of their former
owners. Heraldic correspondents are invited to
identify them. E. C. B.

No. 1. On a wreath, a lion passant, over the initials

iT. m. ^.

No. 2. On a wreath, a stag's head erased, pierced in the
neck with a javelin stringed ; over the initials (^^^ ^^

in an oval.

No. 3. On a wreath, a tiger's head affronte', charged on
the neck a chain (or rosarv) and cross, over the initial

J.

[We have had great pleasure in thus complying with
the request contained in the following letter, which we
have thought it right to print at length in justice to the
good feelings of the writer. Impressions of the engraved
stones (for the settings have of course been broken away)
are left at the Office of " N. & Q." for the inspection of
parties who may desire to see them, and we shall be
extremely gratified if this notice should be the means of
restoring these small, but interesting, relics to the families
of their former owners.]

The accompanying three seals formed part of a
batch recently sent to me from the north of India
for sale with some antique gems.

290

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'» S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.

As I had reason to believe that the latter came
from AfFghanistan and Central Asia, I thought it
not improbable (as I had once before discovered
to be the case in a similar instance) that the seals
had once belonged to officers who fell in Aflf-
ghanisfan.

I therefore advertised them in one of - our
Indian papers as well as I was able, and one of
them was recognised and claimed by a relative of
its original owner, who perished in the disastrous
retreat from Kabul.

The three I now send remained unclaimed ;
but as my own heraldic knowledge is limited, it is
very possible that I described them incorrectly.
It has, however, struck me that you might not be
unwilling to give a brief and correct description
of them in " N. & Q.," and I have therefore taken
the liberty of trespassing on your kindness so far
as to transmit them to you for that purpose, in
the hope that if you will do so, some of your he-
raldic correspondents might be able to identify
them.

If recognised and claimed by any of the family
to which their owners belonged, I should be much
obliged by your restoring them. If not, you can
dispose of them as you will. Perhaps some such
note as that given above, with a description of
the seals appended, might serve for tiie required
object. E. C. Bayley, Civil Service.

Futtehgurh, N. W. P., India, August 10, 1859.

" The Tale of a Tub" — Is it among probabili-
ties that Swift took a hint for the inimitable Tale
of a Tub from a song very popular just before he
arrived in England, called a "View of the Reli-
gion of the Town" ? I send an extract : —

" We began at the church of St. Peter,
Whose prebends make many mouths water ;

Religion did here

Like grave matron appear.
Neat, but not gaudy, like courtesan Rome,
Plain, but no slut like your Geneva dame.

Then shifting our protestant dress.
To the Royal Chapel we press,
Where religion was fine indeed ;

But with facings and fringings.

With crosses and cringings,
Entirely run up to seed."

I copy from A Collection of Poems, Songs, Sfc,
against Popery, London, 1689 (Part i., p. 18.)

T. T. T.

G. Herbert and Theocritus. — George Herbert
in modern times, and Theocritus among the an-
cients, l;ave each written a poem which takes its
name from the form the verses assume when
written out : that by George Herbert is called
" Easter Wings," and that by Theocritus " Sy-

rinx." Can any of your correspondents inform
me whether there are any other poems extant that
take their names from similar circumstances ?
and if so, who are the authors ? and where they
may be met with ? P. D.

Speed of Steamers. — What is the fastest speed
(miles per hour) at which steamers have travelled
previous to the sailing of the Great Eastern ?

A. S.

Italian Music in England. —

" Charles R.
" March 1" 16G6. An Establishment of y« yearly- salaryes
and entertainm* of his Ma"" Italian Musicke.

£ s. d.
One Contralto - - - - 200 00 00
One Tenore - - - - - 200 00 00

One Basse 200 00 00

The Poet 200 00 00

The Woman . . - - sjo 00 00

The Eunuch - - - - 200 00 00

Seign^ Vincenzo - - - - 200 00 00
S-- Bartholoes (?) his Brother - 200 00 00

£1700 00 00
Has the foregoing paper, being an official war-
rant for payment, &c., anything to do with the
introduction of Italian operatic music into Eng-
land. I can understand the three first items, but
the poet, the woman, and the eunuch, are an
enigma to me. Can any of your readers afford an
explanation ? Abracadabra.

Schuyler. — Infoi'mation is i-equested respecting
a Dutch family called Schuyler. Was it noble ?
I have never heard of a Dutch peerage ; but if
there be, does this name occur in it ? G. L.

Epigram. — Could you give me the remaining-
lines of this epigram —

" Bright martial maid, Queen of the frozen zone !
The northern pole supports thy shining throne! " —

on or to Queen Christina of Sweden ?

Belater-Adime.
Will. De la Grace (^Mai'esJiHll). — In what man-
ner did William De la Grace (Mareshall) become
possessed of this name ? I can only find it men-
tioned in Fenton's Hist, of Pembrokeshire, upon
the occasion of his marriage with Isabella, daugh-
ter and heiress of De Clare, Earl of Pembroke.
Query, Was it assumed, or a double Christian
name ? Jas. Finlayson.

Greek Version of ^^ King Arthur." — In investi-
gating the subject of Arthur, the first and greatest
hero of medieval romance, I have stumbled upon
a footnote in the Quarterly Eevieiv, xxiii. 153.,
in which the writer observes : —

** We take this opportunity of noticing an error of a
somewhat ludicrous kind in Warton's History of English
Poetnj, i. 350. : ' The story of Arthur,' he saj's, 'was also
reduced into modern Greek. M. Crusius relates that his
friends, who studied at Padua, sent him in the year 15G5,

•2"^ S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

291

together with Homer's lUad, AiJaxai Regis Arthuri.'
The words ia Crusius are ' AtSaxol Rathuri.' The homilies
of this writer are well known to the modern Greeks."

A reference to the particular passage in Crusius
will oblige.

It would appear from tbe above extract, that
the writer of it was disposed to question the ac-
curacy altogether of Warton respecting the exist-
ence of an Arthurian romance in the modern
Greek. If so, the reviewer himself needs to be
corrected. There is now in the library of the
Vatican a fragment of a poem, in a sort of heroic
metre, in that language, supposed to be of the
twelfth century, and in which the Knights of the
Round Table are the heroes. Arthur is called
ApTov^os, Gwalchmai, Taov\^avos, Gwenever Nrfe-

ve^pa, Uther Pendragon Ovrepcc iravrpayopos.

For an analysis of the contents of this curious
old romance, vide the late Rev. Thomas Price's
essay, " The Influence of Welsh Traditions on
the Literature of Europe." (^Literary Remains,
vol. i. pp. 270-71, 8vo., Llandovery, 1854.) j3.

Temple. — How comes the word temple to be
appropriated in Roman Catholic countries to the
place in which Protestant worship is performed ?
I find, in a Histonj of the Republick of Holland of
1705, that the dissenting party in a petition pre-
sented to the Archduke Mathias, hope that they
may not be excluded from their temples and
councils (p. 34.) Fagus.

Squaring the Circle. — Some time ago a friend
gave me the following. It is said to be cut on a
piece of wood about nine inches square fastened
against a pew in the church of Great Gidding in
Huntingdonshire. Besides being read forwards,
it may be read upwards and downwards and
backwards.

As for the true interpretation thereof, that is
another question. P. IIutchikson.

Aerostation. — Can any of the numerous readers
of " N. & Q.," who have given their attention to
this subject, inform me what is usually the aver-
age cost of material used in forming a balloon per
yard, and the cost per cubic foot of the hydrogen
gas used for its Inflation ? and whether any fabri-

cant in London gives his attention specially to their
construction ?

The accounts of the success or misfortune of
early voyageurs is a matter of reference, but it
would also be interesting to know what number
of fatal accidents have occurred to aeronauts
within the last teh years, and the causes of acci-
dent in each case, as far as may be known to your
correspondents ; also the greatest number of
ascents made by any one aeronaut.

I believe no method of descending in a balloon
to the ground without letting off a portion of the
gas has yet been discovered. As the subject of
aerial navigation at present engages the attention
of many scientific men, possibly some recent ex-
periments may have been made not generally
known to the public. H. S.

Mazena's Dog. —

" Lumpentlmin,
" Das Brod ist theuer dieses Jahr,
Jedoch die schiinsten VVorte hat
Man noch umsonst — Besinge gar
Mazena's Hund, und friss dich satt ! "
H. Heine, Romanzero, Hamburg, 1851, p. 173.

Who is Mazena ? Fitzhopkins.

Paris.

Thomas Maude. — I recently met with an in-
teresting poetical description of Wensleydale, in the
North Riding of Yorkshire, written by Thomas
Maude (York, 1816). He seems fully to have
appreciated his subject, and never to have tired
of that lovely and interesting valley. Was he a
native of those parts, or one of the ancient West-
moreland family of Maiide f * Mr. Maude lies
buried on the south side of the sweet village
churchyard of Wensley, hard by the murmuring
stream, the Ure, which his muse has celebrated.
A fitter sepulchre for a poet could not be found,
nor a more appropriate epitaph than that on his
tomb, selected from the " Deserted Village " of
Goldsmith, who loved nature like the historian of
the dale of Wensley : —

" How blest is he who crowns, in shades like these,
A youth of labour, with an age of ease :
Sinks to the grave with unperceiv'd deca3'.
While resignation gently slopes the way."

I said with the Chorus in Sophocles : —

"... ivBa. /SpoTOtj Toi' ae!.iivr)<nov
Taiiov tvpiiiiv-a. Kadc^a."

Ajax, 1167—8.

OXONIENSIS.

Duchess of Bolton. — Can any correspondent of
" jST. & Q." inform me what are the dates of the
birth and death of the once celebrated Lavinia

[* Mr. W. M. Claude states, that Thomas Maude was
born in Downing Street, Westminster, in Maj', 1718 ; but
another correspondent saj-s that he was born at Hare-
wood in 1717. Cf. Gent Mag., June, 1841, p. 597. ; and
July, 1841. p. 36.— Ed.]

292

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'«i S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.

Fenton, Duchess of Bolton, the original Polly of
Gay's Beggars Opera ? *

I wish to have, farther, a complete list, as far
as it can be ascertained, of ennobled actresses.
There were, Lavinia, Duchess of Bolton ; Miss
Brunton, Countess of Craven ; the Countess of
Derby ; the Countess of Harrington, and Lady
Thurlow. Others may be added. Oxoniensis,

John Jones, A.M., Oxon. —

"Considerations on the Illegality and Impropriety of
preferring Clergymen, who are unacquainted with the
Welsh Language, to Benefices in Wales, &c., by John
Jones, A.M., Fellow of Queen's College, Oxon. 1768."

Can any of your correspondents furnish a clue
as to the birthplace of the author of the above
pamphlet, together with his place of residence, his
profession, and the date of his decease ? Was he
the learned friend and executor of the celebrated
author of the Night Thoughts f (See Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. i. 637. &c.) Inquirer.

London in 1558. — Can any of your artist
readers inform me in whose custody the curious
volume described as under by Dallaway, in Dis-
courses on Architecture, Svo., 1833, is now secured,
and if it can be seen, and how ? —

" But a singular curiosity has been brought to light,
which was lately in the custody of Mr. Colnaghi, sen.
(Printseller). It is a series of views and perspectives of
the City of London, its ancient buildings, with St.
Paul's Cathedral, the Tower, &c., upon the north-west
shore, for a considerable extent. Others are taken from
the roof of the Mint (formerly Sufiblk House) in South-
wark, overlooking that side of the river. Of the royal
palaces at Westminster, St. James, Plaisance at Green-
wich, Hampton Court, and Oatlands, there are distinct
elevations and parts, in many delineations of each. It is
of the largest imperial folio size, several of the views
being so long as to require to be folded. They were cer-
tainly taken from the spots mentioned, which are repre-
sented with scrupulous accui'acy, and give a true idea of
London in 1558. The artist's name affixed is Antonio Van
Wyiiergard, and the drawings are tricked with a pen,
heightened with blue."— P. 389.

W. P.

Heraldic Query. — The eldest son of a family,
duly entitled to bear arms, has no male children ;
but his brother, who succeeds to the entailed
estate on his death, has.

Has the husband of the daughter of the oldest
son a right to bear the arms of the family in an
escutcheon of pretence ? and have their descend-
ants a right to quarter them ? C. W. B.

Leigh Hunt and " the Liberal." — Would any
of the readers of " N". & Q." be kind enough to
state what were the papers which Leigh Hunt
contributed to The Liberal ? I believe the preface
to have been written by him. James J. Lamb.

Underwood Cottage, Paisley.

[* Lavinia Fenton was born in the year 1708, and died
Jan. 24, 1760, at the age of fifty-two.— Ed.]

Sigismond and Henry Alexander. — Can you in-
form me where I can find anything about " the
two Alexanders," or Zinzans, of James I.'s time ?
I know what Nichols has to tell.* E. H. K.

Manuscript of William de Shoreham's Poems, —
Can any of your correspondents inform me where
the MS. from which Mr. Wright transcribed W.
de Shoreham's Poems for the Percy Society in
1849 is now to be found? He says in his pre-
face that the MS. was in private hands at the
time his transcript was made ; but that it was
uncertain at the time he wrote (Oct. 1849) whe-
ther it was in a public or private collection. A
recollation of the MS. would probably remove
some, at least, of the numerous difficulties with
which the printed text at present abounds. H. C.

Epigram. — Who was the author of the fol-
lowing beautiful Epigram ? It is printed in the
Anthologia Oxoniensis, accompanied by a trans-
lation into Latin elegiacs by Mr. Booth of Mag-
dalen : —

" To a Female Cupbearer.
" Come, Leila, fill the goblet up,
Reach round the rosj' wine :
Think not that we will take the cup

From any hand but thine.
A draught like this 'twere vain to seek :

No grape can such supply ;
It steals its tints from Leila's cheek.
Its brightness from her eye." — P. 82.

Oxoniensis.

Rubbings of Brasses : Wm. Shakspeare Payton.
— I shall feel obliged if any of your numerous
readers can inform me of a preparation which will
effectually preserve rubbings from brasses and
stones. In a recent visit to Stratford-on-Avon I
obtained from the parish clerk, Mr. Kite, rubbings
from the gravestones of Shakspeare and his wife,
and I wish to ascertain the best mode of preserv-
ing these. I would add for the information of
your readers that these most excellent rubbings
can be had for the small cost of one shilling each.

In strolling through the above churchyard I
came upon the grave of " William Shakspere
Payton, son of John and Eliza Payton of this
borough. He died October 25, 1789, aged 18
years."

I would ask if It is known whether this youth
was a descendant of the poet? and whether any of
this family are at the present time In existence ?

E. Y. Lowne.

Eleu loro. — To the song in Scott's Marmion
beginning " Where shall the lover rest," there is a
burden given thus : " Chorus, Eleu loro, &c."
What Is the meaning of these words, and to what
does the " &c." refer ? A.

[* A brief notice of the family of Zinzan is given in
Coates's History of Reading, p. 445. Consult also Mrs.
Green's Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, between
1603 and 1623.— Ed.]

2"* S. VIII. Oct. 8. *59.^

NOTES AND QUERIES.

293

William Kennedy, author of Fitful Fancies
(1826), — a volume containing the admirable buc-
caneer lyric, " Ned Bolton." Are the dates and
places of his birth and death, or any other parti-
culars of him, ascertainable ? I believe he was
sometime British Consul in Texas. A.

[See "N. & Q." 2"'i S. i. 113. 163. 183. 342. 400.]

Minav &uetiti taitfj ^niiotx^.
The Pope's Title. — When a man is elected
Pope, is the choice of the name by which he is
designated and known, such as Adi-ian, Pius, &c.,
arbitrary on his part, and can he choose any name
he likes ? If so, when did the custom first arise,
and why ? W. O. W.

[John XII., A.D. 956, was the first Pope who changed
his name. " His former name," saj's Moreri, " was Octa-
vianus, and he assumed the name of John, either in me-
morj' of John XI., his uncle, or because some flatterers
used to say to him, what the Holy Scripture says of the
forerunner of Christ, ' That there was a man sent from
God whose name was John.' Be it what it will, since
that time, the Popes have, for the most part, altered their
names." Others, however, state that Sergius IV. (a.d.
1009) was the first who assumed another name, owing to
his surname being Os Ford, or Swine's- snout. Cf.
Bower's History of the Popes, v. 104. 145, ed. 1761.]

Mrs. Grundy. — Will some kind correspondent
or the editor explain who the above personage is
or was. Being apparently of equal fame with
Madames Gamp and Harris, an old subscriber
would be glad to learn something of her. G. C.

[In Tom Morton's clever comedy. Speed the Plough, the
first scene of the first act opens with a view of a farm
house, where Farmer Ashfield is discovered at a table
with his jug and pipe, holding the following colloquy
with his wife, Dame Ashfield, who figures in a riding
dress with a basket under her arm : —

" Ashfield. Well, Dame, welcome whoam. What news
does thee bring vrom market ?

Dame. What news, husband? What I always told
you ; that Farmer Grundy's wheat brought five shillings
a quarter more than ours did.

Ash. All the better vor he.

Dame. Ah ! the sun seems to shine on purpose for him.

Ash. Gome, come, missus, as thee has not the grace to
thank God for prosperous times, dan't thee grumble when
thej' be unkindly a bit.

Dame. And I assure you, Dame Grundy's butter was
quite the crack of the market.

Ash. Be quiet, woolye ? aleways ding, dinging Dame
Grundy into my ears — What will Mrs. Grundy zay?
What will Mrs. Grundy think ? Canst thee be quiet, let
ur alone, and behave thyself pratty."

The phrase "What will Mrs. Grundy say?" has been
frequently applied to Dr. Stanley Lees Giffard, late editor
of the Morning Herald and The Standard (ob. Nov. 6,
1858), who for his sympathies and antipathies in politics
was a man after Dr. Johnson's own heart.]

The Ballet in England. — I wish to know the
date of the introduction of the modern hallet upon
the English stage. I have somewhere read (but
cannot now find the passage) that, on its first re-

presentation, many of the audience quitted the
theatre in (real or pretended) disgust ; and that
for some time the ballet was classed among the
indelicacies of the season. Ellesmere, in the new
Series of Friends in Council, amusingly tells how
his grandmother turned her back upon the "wicked
performance." Cuthbert Bede.

[In the History of Shrewsbury, by Owen and Blakeway,
ii. 152., it is stated, that "tradition saj's that John
Weaver of Shrewsbury was the first introducer of ballets,
which he terms ' scenical dancing,' i. e. a representation
of some historical incident by graceful motions." At the
end of his work, Mimes and Pantomimes, 8vo., 1728,
Weaver has given "A List of the Modern Entertain-
ments that have been exhibited on the English stage,
where the representation and story was carried on by
dancing, action and motion only." The first in his list is
The Tavern Bilkers, composed by Mr. Weaver, and per-
formed in Drury Lane in 1702.]

Cricket. — From a poem "upon a printer that
exposed him by printing a piece of his grossly
mangled and faulty," in 2'Ae Works of John Old-
hant, together with his Remains, London, 1684 : —

" Thou who with spurious nonsense durst profane
The genuine issue of a poet's brain,
May'st thou hereafter never deal in verse, Y

But what hoarse bell- men in their walks rehearse, >-
Or Smithfield audience sung on Crickets hears." J

Can any of your readers tell me what Crickets
means ? The earliest notice of the game of
Cricket I have yet found is in Edward Philips's
Mysteries of Love and Eloquence, 1685.

The Authob of " Twenty Years in the
Church."
Bath.

[In the passage quoted from Oldham, the word cricket
means a low stool with four legs. Cartwright, in his
Lady Errant, 1651, uses the word in the same sense:

" Mach. And what'l j'ou do, when you are seated in
The throne, to win your subjects love, Philenis ?

" Phil. I'l stand upon a cricket, and there make
Fluent orations to 'em ; call 'em trusty
And well-beloved, loyall, and true subjects."]

Cracknells. — Can anyone give the origin of the
term of " cracknells," applied to the biscuits pe-
culiar to the Isle of Wight, if not to Cowes itself?

S. K. K.
[The word cracknel, Fr. craquelin, meaning a hard
brittle cake, is not peculiar to the Isle of Wight. Kitto
says, that " the word nikkuddim, translated cracknels in
1 Kings xiv. 3., doubtless means some kind of small cake
or biscuit ; and, as the word suggests the idea of some-
thing spotted, Harmer fairly enough conjectures that they
were some such sort of biscuit, sprinkled with seeds, as
are still much used in the East." The cakes of this name
were not unknown to Spenser (^Shepherd's Calendar, Jan.) :
" Albee my love he seek with daily suit,
His clownish gifts and curtsies I disdain.
His, kids, his cracknels, and his early fruit."

Swift, also, could boast that
" I have in store a pint or two of wine.
Some cracknels, and the remnant of a chine."

A Town Eclogue, 1710.]

294

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'>'i S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.

Quotation. — Can you inform me who is the
author of the frequently quoted lines, —
" True patriots they, for be it understood.
They left their country for their country's good."

Gdstavus a. Mteks.
Richmond, Virginia, U. S. A.

[These lines occur in the cliaracleristic Prologue com-
posed by the notorious pickpocket, George Barrington,
and spoken on the occasion of opening the first play-
house at Sydney, New South Wales, IGth Jan. 1796,
ivhen the performances were whollj' conducted by the
" best behaved convicts." The price of admission to the
galler}' was one shilling, paid either in money, flour,
meat, or spirits, according to the market rate ! We can-
not refrain from quoting below the first eight lines ; the
entire Prologue will be found in Barringtou's interesting
History of New South Wales, p. lo2. (8vo. Lond., 1802),
the first work, we believe, ever published on the penal
settlements there ; —

" From distant climes, o'er wide-spread seas we come,
Though not with much eclat, or beat of drum,
True patriots all, for be it understood,
We left our country for our countr3''s good ;
No private views disgraced our generous zeal.
What urged our travels was our country's weal ;
And none will doubt but that our emigration
Has prov'd most useful to the British nation."]

CARDINAL WOLSEY.

C2"<i S. viii. 228.)

Your correspondent Armiger has directed the
attention of your readers to a fine old baronial
residence, Morton Court, Worcestershire, as hav-
ing once been the abode of that eminent eccle-
siastic, Cardinal Wolsey : certainly as valuable
historical associations are attached to Morton
Court as to Empson's house in Fleet Street, near
Temple Bar, which was occupied by the cardinal
whilst Dean of Lincoln. At this moment, a painted
board, placed in a conspicuous position over the
house on the right side of the entrance into the
learned region of the Temple, from Fleet Street,
announces that it was once the palace of that great
and good man. Doubtless, there is equal recog-
nition of the honour once conferred by the pre-
sence of the cardinal at Morton Court. Nash's
History of Worcestershire^ published in 1799, re-
cords that " One Nanfan is said to have been
instrumental in the first rise of Cardinal Wol-
sey."

It appears that the cardinal was chaplain to
John Nanfan, Esq., son and heir of Sir Richard
Nanfan, who was sheriff of Worcestershire in the
first year of the reign of Henry VII., Captain of
Calais, and a knight and esquire of the body to
Henry VII. " These Esquires of the body ranked
after all Knights Bachelors, but before all gentle-
men of ancestry. They took place before all
Esquires, except the sons of Barons and Ban-
nerets." This John Nanfan behaved himself va-

[ liantly in the wars, but reduced his estates by

extravagance.
; The manor-house of Morton Court is very
j ancient, moated round. One of the parlours is
wainscotted with oak, and carved. On the walls
i are exhibited the quarterings of the numerous
I families with which the Nanfans were allied. At
'■' the time of Domesday Survey, llobert de Stat-
'' ford held the manor and house. It afterwards be-
longed to John, Baron of Monmouth, then to the
Brute family, then to the Ruyhalls. At length,
in the 9th year of Henry VI., John Nanfan was
Lord of Birtsmorton and Berrow. It continued
i in the possession of the Nanfan family till 1704,
when it fell by marriage Into the hands of Richard
Coote, Lord Coloony, and Earl of Bellamont. It
continued in the possession of the Coote family
till the death of the last Earl, which occurred at
Morton Court in the beginning of the nineteenth
century. It was then purchased, together with
the rectory, by John Thackwell, Esq., of Rye
Court, Worcestershire, lord of the manors of Ber-
row and Birtsmorton, whose ancestors had pos-
sessed a landed estate In the parish of Berrow,
Rye Court, for nearly two centuries previously.
After belonging to William Thackwell. an officer
of yeomanry cavalry, the second son of the said
John, it is now the property of John Cam Thack-
well of Wilton Place, D. L. and J. P. for Glou-
cestershire and Worcestershire, son of the late
John Thackwell, D. L. and J, P. of Wilton Place,
Gloucestershire, and grandson of the John Thack-
well of Rye Court who purchased the estate.

Red Hat akd Stockikgs.

Dr. Nash, In his History of Worcestershire, says
"one Nanfan is said to have been instrumental in
the first rise of Cardinal Wolsey." Sir JRichard
Nanfan, was according to the same authority.
Captain of Calais, made a knight, and esquire of
the body to Henry VII.

Cavendish, in his Life of Wolsey (p. 8.), states :

" He (Wolsey) fell in acquaintance with one Sir John
Nanphant, a very grave and ancient knight, who had a
great room in Calais under K. Henry 7th. This knight
lie served, and behaved so discreetl3' and justly, that he
obtained the especial favour of his said master, inso-
much that for his wit, gravitj*, and just behaviour, he
committed all the charge of his office unto his chaplain ;
and as I understand the office was the treasurership of
Calais, who was, in consideration of his great age, dis-
charged of his chargeable rooms, and returned again into
England, intending to live more at quiet ; and, through
his constant labour and especial favour, his chaplain was
promoted to the king's service, and made his chaplain."

FIddes, who calls Sir J. Nafant a gentleman of
Somersetshire, gives almost the same account of
Wolsey's transactions as Cavendish, and his pro-
motion as king's chaplain through Che interest of
the knight.

It does not appear in any life of Wolsey I have

2nd s. VIII. Oct, 8. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

295

seen whetlier he was attached to the Nan fan esta-
blishment at Birtsmortou Court. Perhaps some
Cornish correspondent may inform you who is the
present representative of that family. The Wor-
cestershire estates passed by an heiress to the
Coote family, Earls of Bellamont, which were
afterwards sold to Colonel Moncton, and by him
to Mr. Thackwell.

The old moated mansion of Eirtsmorton is in
a dilapidated condition, occupied by a farmer.
One of the parlours still contains the arms of the
Nanfans and their alliances painted on oak panels,
with a curiously carved chimney-piece.

Nash calls the treasurer of Calais Sir Richard
Nanfan, while both Fiddes and Cavendish name
him Sir John. Can any one explain the discre-
pancy ? T. E. W.

I imagine that the only connecting link between
this prelate and the county of Worcester, was his
possession of " the Commandery " in the city of
Worcester. Cuthbekt Bede.

THK LOKD MAYOR OF DUBLIN : '' BIDING THE
FRANCHISES."

(2"<» S. viii. 207.)

When I was a small boy at school in Dublin, I
often saw the Lord Mayor and the Corporation,
with the Sheriffs, and other city authorities, " Riding
the Franchises ; " and I am convinced the adver-
tisement quoted by Abhba, and what he requires,
had its origin in the following : — The ceremony
of " Riding the Franchises " (or as it was popu-
larly called the "f7-i7iges'') was one of great im-
port, and took place about every third year. It
consisted of a grand procession on horseback of
the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Common Councillors,
Sheriffs, Recorder, &c., preceded by the corporate
ofScers with the mace, sword of state, &c. The
procession passed along the line of the city and
suburbs, to which the lord mayor had jurisdic-
tion. Without following the line (which was
extensive) it came to a junction between the Old
Pottle corner and Old Three-Stone Alley, at the
south end of the present Coombe. (The Pottle
and Three- stone Alley, consequent on a piece of
" barbarity " called " improvement," have va-
nished.) The line of jurisdiction here joined the
*' Earl of Meath's Liberty " — every one has
heard, and every one who has been in Dublin
knows the " Liberty " — and the boundary line
absolutely went right through a house that stood
between Three-stone Alley and the Coombe, at
the corner of the Pottle. In order to assert the
rights of the chief magistrate, the sword-bearer
had to enter the house by a back window, per-
ambulate a room or two, and come out at the
front door. In process of time it was deemtd

sufficient to throw the sword into the window and
have it brought out at the door. Up to this por-
tion of the proceedings the procession used to be
accompanied by a formidable body of coal por-
ters and other rough characters, who seemed to
possess the especial privilege of " clearing the
way" for the processionists, and this they used
to do very effectually, by breaking the heads, legs,
or arms — they were not particular in their choice
— of any who came in their way. When the
sword was " thrown " through the house men-
tioned, those roughs used to seize it, and bear it
in triumph to the Mansion House, where they
were rewarded with ale, bread, beef, &c. In
course of time the journeymen butchers, slaugh-
ter-house-porters and others engaged about Bull
Alley, Patrick Street, and the adjoining markets,
thought themselves able to cope with the coal-
porters, and have a share, not only in the honour
of carrying the sword to the Mansion House, but
of sharing in the reward that followed this piece
of municipal loyalty. Here then, at this point,
the "black diamonds" — as the coal porters were
called — and the "swabs" (butchers, &c.), met,
and very sanguinary conflicts took place about
the possession of the " sword of state." I have,
myself, witnessed three or four fearful fights be-
tween such parties for the sword. At last it be-
came the fashion to run away altogether with it,
and I have heard that on two or three occasions
it was kept for months. In my own day I have
known it to be retained for two or more days,
and only returned when it was redeemed from
some public-house, where it was pawned for a
couple barrels of porter and a corresponding
quantity of bread and beef. I was informed
that about the time mentioned in the advertise-
ment, that the sword was really stolen, but
whether it was ever restored, I am not able to
say. This, I trust, 'will afford Abhba the inform-
ation he requires. The last time I saw the
"Riding of the Franchises" was in 1840, just
before the Municipal Reform Bill of that year
swept away the old Dublin Corporation, and in-
troduced (in 1841) the late Mr. O'Connell as the
first lord mayor of Dublin under tlie new pro-
visions. Sir J. K. James was the last lord mayor
under the old regime. I have been more elabo-
rate than the mere question asked by your cor-
respondent would warrant, but I think it right to
place on record in " N. & Q." facts that perhaps
might otherwise escape a permanent place of
reference. The municipal bill alluded to abolished
what was called " the good old hospitable customs,"
of course the Jighting included. S. Redmond.

Liverpool.

I have got the following paragraph transcribed
from the second chapter of the Recollections of
John O'Keefe, believing that it may interest your

296

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n<i S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.

correspondent Abhba, who has requested some
information regarding the seizure of the Lord
Mayor's sword as alluded to in the FreemarCs
Jmimal of 1764. O'Keefe died in 1833, aged
eighty-six.

" In the Eaii of Meath's Liberty, the Lord Mayor of
Dublin has no jurisdiction, this quarter of the town hav-
ing a Court of its own. This Liberty consists of some of
the largest and finest streets in Dublin; for instance,
Meath St., Francis St., and the Coombe. In the latter
was the Weavers' Hall : over the gate a pedestrian gilt
statue*, as large as life, of George the Second. The Lord
Mayor walked the boundaries, his sword-bearer before
hini ; but when arrived at the point where the Liberty
begins, he was met by a certain chosen number of people,
who stopped his progress, and in a kind of seeming
scuffle took the sword from the sword-bearer ; if not thus
prevented, and the Lord Maj-or permitted to go on,
wherever he went with his sword of office borne before
him, the power of his warrant would reach; but this
ceremou}' is done without the least riot or ill-will, being
part of tlie business previously well prepared. AH this
affair took place in one day, the first of August, every
third year. To this grand triennial festival people flocked
to Dublin from all parts of Ireland, England, Scotland,
and even from the Continent ; it was always looked to
with great joj'. The Kegatta at Venice was something
in this way. Many years after I wrote a piece, and had
it brought "out at Crow Street, for the express purpose of
introducing the procession, and beautiful pageantry of our
Dublin franchises."

William John Fitz-Pateick.

LAST WOLF IN SCOTLAND.

(2°'^ S. viii. 169.)

The Messrs. Stuart, in their notes to The Lays
of the Deer Forest, in an article of great interest
on the " Extinct Animals of Scotland," give us
some very curious anecdotes relative to wolves ;
and among others notice the wolf killed in Loch-
Aber by Sir Ewen Cameron in 1680, being the
last in that country, which Pennant misunderstood
to have been the last of its species in Scotland.
(Tour in Scotland, i. 206.) I presume that this
ivas the animal to which allusion is made by Mr.
Lloyd as having been sold in 1818. The Messrs.
Stuart, who are learned in wood-craft, observe
that every district has its last wolf, and they
mention several as having been killed later than
that by Sir Ewen Cameron. They say that there
is every reason to believe that the " last " of his
species was killed in the district of the Findhorn,
in the ancient Forest'of Tarnaway in Morayshire,
at a place between Fi-Giuthas and Pall-a'-chro-
cain, according to popular chronology, no longer
ago than 1743. This animal was killed by Mac
Queen of Pall-a'-chrocain, who died in 1797, and
is represented as being a man of gigantic stature,
six feet seven inches in height, and remarkable
for his strength, courage, and celebrity as a deer-

* This statue, which still exists, has been painted, as
long as I remember, black. — W. J. F.

stalker. The following account is given of the
death of this " last wolf," which may be interest-
ing to the readers of " N. & Q. : —

" One winter's day, about the year before mentioned,
Mac Queen received a message from the Laird of Mac
Intosh that a large ♦ black beast,' supposed to be a wolf,
had appeared in the glens, and the day before killed two
children, who, with their mother, were crossing the hills
from Calder, in consequence of which a ' Tainchel,' or
gathering to drive the country, was called to meet at a
trj'st above Fi-Giuthas, where Mac Queen was invited
to attend with his dogs. Pall-a'-chrocain informed him-
self of the place where the children had been killed — the
last tracts of the wolf, and the conjectures of his haunt,
and promised his assistance.

" In the morning the ' Tainchel ' had long assembled,
and Mac Intosh waited with impatience, but Mac Queen
did not arrive; his dogs and himself were, however,
auxiliaries too important to be left behind, and they con-
tinued to wait until the best of a hunter's morning was
gone, when at last he appeared, and Mac Intosh received
him with an irritable expression of disappointment.

" ' Ciod e a' chabhag f ' ' What was the hurry ? ' said
Pall-a'-chrocain.

" Mac Intosh gave an indignant retort, and all present
made some impatient replj'.

"Mac Queen lifted his plaid — and drew the black
bloody head of the wolf from under his arm — * Siti e
dhiiibh ' — ' There it is for you ! ' said he, and tossed it on
the grass in the midst of the surprised circle.

" Mac Intosh expressed great joj' and admiration, and
gave him the land called Sean-achan for meat to his
dogs."

John Maclean.

Hammersmith.

JSiti^liti t0 ;^tnar ^ntxiti.

Suffragan Bishop (2""i S. viii. 225.) — There
can be no doubt that the date of Thomas Man-
ning's appointment as Suffragan Bishop of Ips-
wich is 1536, and not 1539, as quoted by B. B.
Woodward from Tanner's MS. Index to the
Norwich Episcopal Register, if, indeed, the last-
named date is intended to refer to his consecra-
tion. The royal mandate addressed to Cranmer
is in Rymer (vol. xiv. p. 559.), and is dated
March 7, 1536 : —

"Reverendus Pater et dilectus Consiliarius noster
Richardus Norwicensis Episcopus nobis significavit quod
Dioecesis sua Episcopi Suffraganei solatio, qui suaa solici-
tudinis partem sustinere consuevit, destituta est et ex-
istit, et ideo Reverendos Patres Georgium Abbatem
Monasterii Beatae Mariae de Leyston, et Thomam IMan-
nynge Priorem Monasterii Beatae Mariae de Butley, Nor-
wicensis Dioecesis .... praesentavit, humiliter et devote
supplicans &c. Unde Nos, ex gratia nostra speciali
. . . dictum Reverendum Patrem Thomam Mannynge

alterum ex dictis prsesentatis, in Episcopum Suf-

fraganeum Sedis Gipwici, Norwicensi Dioecese antedicta
nominamus . . . requirentes vos, &c. &c."

I have thus partially quoted this document for
the sake of pointing out what appears to me a
remarkable circumstance. This Bishop of Nor-
wich, llichard Nykke, at whose request, and for
whose " solace," this appointment was made, and

•2^^ S. VIII, Oct. 8, '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

297

who had, in fact, for several years before his
decease, been quite blind, was at the date of this
instrument dead, and had indeed been nearly
two months dead, departing this life on January
14. The see of Norwich itself therefore was at
the time vacant, the successor. Repps, not being
even elected until May 31, 1536. By the Act 26
Henry VIII. the suffragan would have no au-
thority but by, and during, commission from his
principal. John Williams.

Arno's Court.

Syr Tryamoure (2°* S. viii. 225.) — I send the
following attempted explanations of the passages
given by E. S. J. : —

1. '■'■ Evyr''' must, I think, be for "aver,"
though I know of no other place in old poetry
where it is so spelt.

2. " Noghtfor thy " signifies " however," " not-
withstanding." Compare

" The lad ne let no with for thi
They he criede nierci ! merci ! "

Havelok the Dane, 1. 2500.

which passage means the lad did not leave off,
although they cried him mercy.

3. " Be wyth chaionce " seems simply pleonastic
for " by chance."

4. " Evei'y of." Compare Coventry Mysteries,
p. 22., 1. 14., Shaks. Soc. ed. ; it is also frequent
in writers of the middle of the seventeenth cen-
tury, in the sense of " each one " of many.

5. " On hye." " Hye " is the substantive of
the verb " hie," to haste, which is now nearly
confined to sporting phrases.

6. " Warne "= " avoid." No man could avoid
his prowess. Compare

" To warne thy dome me ne gaynes."

Chester Flays in Doomsday.

7. The foresters swore they would give him
no pass (" wedd "), but must have his person, and
that there was no other way (" ne") for him; the
last line being in " direct oration," as the context
shows.

8. " Grete " here = " lament."

9. Sir Tryamour says, when he has lopped off
the legs of the giant Burlond, that we little ones
have some chance with you now we have reduced
you to the same size.

10. " Wayne" must mean " swing," I think, as
E. S. J. suggests.

11. " Withiney'wys "= within I wis, as E.S. J.
has it. CoEMELL Price.

Cross and Candlesticks on Super-altar (2^^ S.
viii. 255.) — Mr. R. H. N. Browne states that the
super-altar is a ledge to support " the cross and
candlesticks which are ordered to be placed there
by the Rubric of our present Prayer-Book in the
Church of England."

In The Times report of the judgment in Wes-
terton v. Liddell (Dec. 22, 1856), a Rubric is

cited from the " Institutiones Liturgicce ad usum
Seminarii Itomani" by which it is ordered, —
" Collocetur crux et candelabra saltem duo."
But in inability to find such Rubric in " our
present Prayer-book of the Church of England,"
Mr. Browne would oblige by a reference to it.

Lancastriensis.
Bacon's Essay XLV. (2"^ S. v. 181.) —
" Neither is it ill Air only that maketh an ill Seat ;
but ill Ways, ill Markets ; and, if you will consult with
Momus, ill Neighbours."

Upon this EiRioNNACH, at the above reference,
remarks, —

" An ordinary man would consider this passage so plain
as to require no comment ; Mr. Singer, however, thinks
differently, and appends the following extraordinary
note ; —

" ' /. e. If you are disposed to lead a pleasant life, Motnus
being the god of mirth.' ! !

" I need hardly remark that Momus is not ' the god of
mirth ' (unless Sardonic mirth), but the god of mockery
and ridicule, carping and fault-finding: and that this
most unnecessary note destroys the whole force of the
passage."

I agree with Eirionnach that Mr. Singer's
note is "extraordinary" and "most unnecessary;"
but I think Eirionnach's super-note equally ex-
traordinary, and equally calculated to mislead.
Bacon's allusion is so obvious to the scholar,
that I can only express surprise that either Mr.
Singer or his censor should have missed it : but
for ordinary readers I should think an explana,-
tory note far from unnecessary. " If you will
consult with Momus " is an allusion to the trite
story of Momus deriding Minerva because she
had not made her house movable, which therefore
could not be shifted out of an ill neighbourhood.

Clammild.

Athenffium Club.

Jasper Runic Ring (2"** S. viii. 248.) — In
answer to Mr. Frank's inquiry as to the Cum-
berland runic ring, it may possibly be now in the
Royal Museum at Copenhagen : at least in the
Afbildninger fra der Kovgelige Museum for Nor-
diske Oldsager i Kjoberchaon, at p. 87., No. 342.,
is one with runes very much like it, as far as my
recollection of the former goes, but I have not it
at hand for comparison of the letters. The only
difference would be that the Danish one is said to
be electrura, the Cumberland one cornelian : the
size would be the same. W. B., Ph. D.

Louis the Fifteenth (2"^ S. viii. 268.) — On the
trial of the late Earl of Stirling, Lord Meadow-
bank stated that Louis XV. never wrote but two
words in his life, "bon" and "Louis R." This as-
sertion was disproved by the Baron de Pages, one
of the French witnesses examined on the trial, who
being interrogated as to the writing attributed to
Louis XV., answered, " It is exactly like the speci-

298

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2»o S. VIII. Oct. 8, 'oS

mens of his writing wLich I have brought with me."
This witness then procluced notes written by Louis
XV., which he had brought from collections in Paris.
Lord Meadowbank referred to Voltaire as his au-
thority for the statement quoted above ; but the
fact is, as I believe, that nothing of the kind is to be
found in Voltaire's writings. I would here remark
that before Y. S. M. again ventures to publish state-
ments about a nobleman and gentleman who has
been dead but a very few months, and the greater
part of whose fiimily are still living, he should
thoroughly satisfy himself of the truth of what he
advances. As, therefore, the statement of your
correspondent is not true, I wish the following
facts made public : —

1. Alexander, late Earl of Stirling and Dovan
(c7e jure), previous to assuming his title, obtained
from George IV. the royal licence to assume the
name of Alexander in addition to his patronymic
Humphrys.

2. It is not the fact that the trial of the late
Earl of Stirling, on the 29th April, 1839, resulted
in his conviction : on the contrary, he was ac-
quitted. This is not a place for a history of the
trial ; but one incident, wholly overlooked in the
Crown report, deserves mention. After a few
only of Lord Stirling's witnesses had been heard,
the foreman or chancellor of the jury rose, and,
addressing the court, stated that the jury saw no
necessity for going on with the case, as they had
made up their minds to give a verdict for Lord
Stirling. The presiding judue, however, insisted
on the trial proceeding; which resulted, as I have
stated above, in the acquittal of the defendant. I
trust you will find room for this in an early im-
pression of " N. & Q." J. A. Pn.

Sidney as a Feminine Christian Name (P' S. vii.
392.) In a notice in the 2"imes of Sept. 8th,
of the Very Rev. C. B. Clough, Dean of Asaph,
it is said that he married, in 1817, Margaret
Sidney, daughter of E. Jones, of Wepre Hall,
Flintshire, Esq. P. J. F. Gantit.lon.

Why is Luther represented ivith a Goose (2"* S.
viii. 243. 247.) — Whilst the Bohemian reformer,
John Huss, was lying in the prison of Constance
he had a dream —

" And it seemed as if some pictures of Cnr.iST, that he
had been painting on the walls of his oratory, were ef-
faced by the Pope and the bishops. The dream afflicted
him. But the next night he dreamed again : he seemed
to see painters move in number, and with more of effect,
restoring the pictures of Jesus. He told the dream to
his friends : ' I am no vain dreamer ' (said he), ' but hold
for certain that the image of Christ shall never be effaced.
They wish to destroy it ; but it shall be painted afresh in
the hearts of gospel-preachers better than myself. And
I, awaking as it were from the dead, and rising from the
grave, shall rejoice with exceeding great joy.' " (Merle
D'Aubigny, Hist. i. 79.)

Many see the fulfilment of Huss's prophecy in
the advent of Luther, exactly one century later.

Pope Adrian, in 1523, observes in a Brief ad-
dressed to the Diet at Nuremberg: "The heretics
Huss and Jerome seem to be alive again in the
person of Luther ! "

In a letter of Huss sent from Constance to
Prague, the following passage elucidates the Query
of F. Mewburn : —

" Prius laqueos citationes et anathemata ansen para-
verunt [^Hms is the Bohemian forjroosel ; et jam nonnullis
ex vobis insidiantur. Sed quia anser, animal cicur, avis
domestica, suprema volatu suo non pertingens eorum
laqueos [non] rupit, nihilo-minus aliiB aves, quse verbo
Dei et vita volatu suo alta petunt, eorum insidias con-
terent."

Hence, says Gleseler, the reported prophecy of
Huss, " Hodie anserem uritis ; sed ex meis cine-
ribus nascetur cygmis, quem non assare poteri-
tis." ( Vide Elliot, Horce Apoc. ii. 442, 443., where
may also be seen a facsimile of the ancient medal
of Huss's martyrdom and prophecy.) J. S., k. n.

Quotation f7-om Voltaire (2"'' S. vl. 188.)— Your
correspondent Delta required a reference in the
seventy volumes of the IVoi-hs of the above au-
thor, to a quotation which he subjoined. I am
happy to answer his Quer3', having accidentally
met with the passage.

Delta has rather transposed the sentences,
though the meaning is the same, and there are
two or three words which require correction to
make the quotation agree with the original. Al-
low me to add an amended copy of the words in
question : —

" D'oii vient notre d^licatesse? c'est que plus les mceurs
sont depravees, plus les expressions deviennent mesure'es.
On croit regagner en paroles ce qu'on a perdu en verfu.
La pudeur s'est enfuie des ccenrs, et s'est refugide sur lea
Ifevres." — (Euvres Completes de Voltaire, tome 12'<""S p.
274., edition 1785. " Lettre du Traducteur du Cantique."

Respondens.

Goidston Family (2"'' S. viii. 250.) — I think
your correspondent C. S. will find some account
of the Goulstons in Baker's Northamptonshire.
Di\ Theodore Goulston, the eminent physician,
and founder of the lecture that bears his name,
was a native of Northants. He died in 1632.

C. J. Robinson.

Irish Registry Acts (2»^ S. v. 69.) — Tlie
provisions of the Acts have, I believe, always
been adhered to. In some tolerably extensive
searches in the books I have never met an in-
stance where the names of the grantees were
omitted from the memorials ; and I have never
heard of such an omission. Mk. Meekins cannot
be serious when he asks whether calendars of
those gigantic records, extending in unbroken
succession from the year 1708, and embracing
nearly the entire landed property of Ireland, are
to be published. A proposal to print such calen-
dars would rather startle the House of Com-
mons. Your readers can understand this when

2°3 S. VIII. Oct. 8. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

299

I tell them that in this vast collection are deeds
of all kinds relating to landed property, — con-
veyances, settlements, leases, &c. &c. &c. ; in
short, deeds of every conceivable nature, and
amounting to many hundreds of thousands.

Y. S. M.

English and Fot'eign Custom of eating Goose
(2"'* S. viii. 243.) — In England the custom is
supposed to be derived from the fact of Queen
Elizabeth being at dinner and eating goose (29th
Sept.) when the news arrived of the defeat of the
Spanish armada ; thence the appearance of a
goose at table on that day was perpetuated.

F. K. S., Bibl. Aul. Regis.

Dublin.

The Termination "-hayne" (2"^ S. viii. 171.
237.) — This is doubtless, as has been already
suggested, from the A.-S. haej or heje, a hedge,
or that which a hedge encloses. My object is
not so much to state that as to give an instance
(one out of many that I have met with, but the
only one I can lay my finger upon just now) in
which the very word ha)/7i occurs in an English
poem : —

" All liounderd plows in demaynus
fFayere parkes in-w\'th haynus."

Sir Deyrscant, v. 70. (Cam. Soc.)

It is hardly necessary to say that the modern
hedge, ha-ha (as applied to a sunk fence% and
i^ai«;-thorn (called haigh in Yorkshire) are from
the same root. In mediteval Latin haga meant a
house, perhaps (says Spelman) because houses
were first constructed of twigs wattled together ;
haia meant a park as well as a hedge ; thus, "Do-
minus Rex habet unam capellam in haia sua de
Kingeste." Haga was also applied to a military
fort, such as was otherwise called burgtis, and
from any one of these meanings hai/ne might very I
easily become a local terminal ; just as Rothwell I
Haigh and Thornhill Haigh are the names of j
hamlets in the parishes of Rothwell and Thornhill i
in the West Riding. J. Eastwood. \

De Foe's Descendants (2"* S. viii. 51.) — CM. !
is informed that there are now living six de- I
scendants of Daniel De Foe in the Baker line. !
It is believed that the family of De Foe is extinct
in the male line, his present representative in I
that case being the Rev. H. De Foe Baker, i
Thruxton, Hants, to whom C. M. is recom-
mended to apply, if he desires farther informa- {
tion. M. A. I

I

Abbreviated Names of English Counties (2"^ S. I
vii. 404. ; viii. 219.) — The manner in which the
abbreviated form for Hampshire, Hants, has been
formed may be deemed worthy of a note. The
original Saxon name was Hamtunscir, a combina-
tion of sounds which the Normans altered into
Hanieschire, as we have it in Domesday, — the '■

nasal liquid being preferred by them, a similar
instance of which is found in their mode of spell-
ing and pronouncing Lincolnshire. From Haii-
teschire, Hants is derived by the simplest process
of abridgement by curtailing. This fact is of
more importance than usually attaches to these
abbreviated names ; for Camden, regarding Hants
as an original form, ventured to identify the
Antona of Ptolemy with the Test, and referred to
Southampton, and to Andover, Amport, ^c, in
proof of his hypothesis. The oldest name of the
Test is Tairstan. B. B. Woodward.

Haverstock Hill.

Patron Saints (2"* S. viii. 141.) — The catalogue
of W. T. M. may be enlarged with a few not no-
ticed therein, from the Second Booh of the Mo-
narchy of the famous Sir David Lindsay of the
Mount (edit. Edin, 1776), and in his own graphic
versification : —

" Some to saint Koch with diligence,
To save them from the pestilence.
For their teeth to saiut Appolline.
To saint Trodwel to mend their een.
Some make offerings to saint Eloy,
That lie their horse may well convoy.
They run when they have jewels tint,
To saint Syeth ere e'er they stint :
And to saint Germane to get remead,
For maladies into their head.
Tliej' bring mad men on feet and horse,
xVad binds to Saint Mungo's cross.

For good novels, as I heard tell.
Some take their way to Gabriel.

To saint Anthon to save the sow.
To saint Bride for calf and cow.

Saint Ninian of a rotten stock.
, Saint Dutho horded out of a block.

A thousand more I might declare."

G.N.

Extraordinary Birth (2°'* S. viii. 257.)— On the
subject of extraordinary births, it is worth re-
cording in the pages of " N. & Q." that rather
more than forty years ago the wife of a man in
humble life, near Bromsgrove, had four children
at one birth. They were all girls ; and this in-
stance is, to my mind, the most extraordinary on
record, because all these children lived, I myself
saw them all four together when they were about
eleven years old. They lived near the high-road
to Worcester, a short distance from Bromsgrove.
When I saw them they were all dressed alike, and
I could detect no difference in their features.

F. C. H.

Bell Metal (2"'^ S. viii. 249.) — If B Natukal
will visit any bell founders when they are melting,
and give the men a shilling or two, and throw as
many more as he pleases into the furnace, they
will tell him the proportion of tin they put in ;
and he will have practical knowledge of the pro-

300

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'» S. VIII. Oct. 8. '5?.

portion of silver in the alloy. It is a vulgar error,
long ago exploded, that silver forms any portion
of pure bell-metal. Hand-bells are sometimes
made -wholly of silver : there is a small one for
the use of the President of the College of Physi-
cians, the gift of their munificent benefactor Dr.
Baldwin Hamey, who died 1 676 ; it is Inscribed
" Mortuus est tamen hie audltur Hamseus."

Seven of tin to twenty-two of copper was the
composition of Old Big Ben, according to the
published accounts. H. T. Ellacombe.

At the casting of the tenor bell of Lavenham
various gentlemen of the neighbourhood being
present threw their silver tankards into the melt-
ing-pot, having first drank the loyal toast of
" Church and King." (See Saturday Mag. vol. i.)
F. R. S., Bibl. Aul. Regis.

Dublin.

EtoccBtum (2''* S. vil. 256.; viii. 179.) — Con-
sidering the extent to which the Romans Latin-
ised Celtic local names. It is quite as probable that
EtoccBtum Is from the Celtic as from the Greek.
It may come from Brit. " at a colt," which Baxter
translates "apud sylvas," whence the Attacotti
(the Silures) derived their name. These Attacotti
are in ancient British authors called Argoet and
Argoetdys. R. S. Charnock.

Battens (2"^ S. viii. 249.) — This word Is ap-
parently connected with the A.-S. hat, meaning
staff, club, stick, but none of the Dictionaries at-
tempt a derivation. 5«/ing-=cable, anything that
holds or restrains, which may possibly explain the
sea-term " battening down the hatches." A hatten
in building is a piece of deal about seven Inches
deep by two Inches thick, such as are used for
supporting the boards of the floor of an upper
room. J. Eastwood.

Rustic Superstition (2"* S. viii. 242.) — It is a
usual saying in Norfolk, and probably In many
other parts, that good luck is portended by rain
at a funeral, and by sunshine at a wedding. The
moon does sometimes appear In its wane to lie
almost horizontally In the sky, looking certainly
like a boat; and this appearance in Norfolk is
considered a sign of fine weather. F. C. H.

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trouble to the Seller. Libraries Valued.

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2"* S. VIII. Oct. 15. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

301

LONDON. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15. 1859.

No. 198. — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Book-Markers, by I^^jfessor De Morgan, 301 — Bishop Bedell,

by Kcv. J. E. B. Mayor, 76 Heralds' Visitations, 303 — Jack or

Newbury, 301 — Romance of the Sangraal, lb.

Minor Notfs: — Nell Gwynn's Sister — Great Bells at Westminster
Palace — Old St. Paul's a PaYrng Quarry — Shadows — Bryden's Re-
cantation, 306.

QUERIES : — Jacobite Manuscripts, by John Pavin Phillips, 307.

Minor Qokriks: — Sir John Hart- "Sunt Monachi nequam" — The
First Marquis of Antrim — The Mysterious Cheque- bearer — Mr.
Willett, Purchaser of Orleans Pictures — Queenborough Castle, Isle
ofSheppey — The Mowbray Family— Texts — Fuller's Funeral Ser-
mon—Archbishop Laud — Seven Dates Vacant — Symbolical mean-
ing of a Cloven Foot — Dutch Tragedy, &c., 308.

Minor Qcebies ■wiTa Answers: — Sir John Bankes in 1676 Mrs. B.

Hoole, afterwards Hoiiand — E. H. Keating's Dramas — Seal Inscrip-
tion — Anna Liffey — The Termination " -sex," 311.

REPLIES: —Lady Culros's Dreame, 311 — Boydell's Shakspeare Gal-
lery, 313 — Forged Assignats, by E. C. Robson, 314 — Author of the
Epistle to the Hebrews, by T. J. Buckton, 315.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Eulenspiegel — Charles Bailly, Secretary
to Mary Queen of Scots — The Suffragan Bishop of Ipswich — Scotch
Genealogies : Jerningham Family — Carriage-boot — Cibber's Apolo-
gy — Chatterton Manuscripts — " The Royal Slave" — "Horn et
Rimcnhild I "Childe Home" — Faber v. Smith— John Baynes —
Etymology of the word Battens — Rustic Superstition, &c., 316.

Notes on Books, &c.

^atti*

BOOK-MARKERS.

By a hookmarker I do not mean the baby paper-
knife which is sold in the shops to keep the place
in the intervals of actual perusal, but the little
rectangular slip of paper which is inserted be-
tween two leaves for more permanent use in re-
ference. Every person who requires them should
keep a stock by him, ready to hand. It is a great
mistake to suppose that markers will present
themselves pro re nata : the reader who does not
provide them beforehand will find that on many
occasions it is a harder job to lay hold of a dis-
posable bit of paper than he reckoned on. What
says the old proverb? — For want of a nail the
shoe was lost ; for want of a shoe the horse was
lost; for want of a horse the rider was overtaken
by the enemy — and cut down. And in like man-
ner, for want of a mark the place was lost ; for
want of the place the fact was lost ; for want of
the fact the author was overtaken by the reviewer
— and cut up. Therefore let no man who writes
think lightly of bookmarkers.

A bookmarker will remain in a book for many
years. I have bought books with markers in
them which contained the dates of the letters
which were torn up to make them : 1 7 . . not very
uncommon, 16 . . not quite unknown. Those
who do not make notes will find it sound practice
to let their markers remain in their books : only
a small percentage will be lost under the treat-
ment which books usually receive. And an easy
adaptation will prevent the loss even of this per-
centage.

The greatest danger of losing marks is when the

book is open for use, and the leaves are turned.
Let the marker be made thus. The rectangular
slip is doubled into two, one half over the other :
and this process is repeated on one of the halves.
One half of the whole slip then forms the marker :
the other half forms a pair of legs which bestride
the top of the leaf. There will then be no ten-
dency to fall down when the book is laid open on
a reading desk.

Some enterprising stationer should prepare
markers made in this way, at twopence or three-
pence a hundred, if not less. The whole sheet
should be turned twice in the manner directed
above, and many sheets, each so turned, subjected
to strong pressure in a bookbinder's press. This
is very essential, as any tendency of the legs to
open will give trouble. The markers should then
be cut to size by a bookbinder's tool ; so many
markers of course being cut off at once as there
are sheets in the lot which has been pressed.

When the paper used is thin, the leaf in which
the marker is placed is more difficult to find : when
the paper is thick, the marker is more apt to drop
out. In the plan I propose, thin paper may be
used : for there are three folds at the place, two
on the page to be marked, and one on the page
before or after. And it is one advantage of the
folded markers that it can be settled by them
which page is referred to : the common plan only
indicates one of two pages. This is not a matter
of perfect indifference when the page is that of
Bayle or of the Biographia Britannica.

There is one case in which a much better
marker than the one above can be contrived ; that
is, when the mark is to be made in a set of unbound
sheets, say the numbers of " N. & Q.," inserted
into one of the common portfolios. Let the rect-
angular slip be doubled sideways so as to present
a marker and what we may call a handle, joined at
a bevelled crease. The handle should then be in-
serted between the leaves at the back, the marker
acting as usual. It is next to impossible to keep
the common marker in its place among loose
leaves. This second kind of marker will be better
than the common one even for bound books ; the
handle being made short and thrown well into the
back of the leaf.

Many persons make their markers by doubling
a slip of paper so as to halve the breadth : this is
the worst plan possible. A. Db Morgan.

BISHOP BEDELL.

(2°<* S. \n., passim.')

The following notes are contained in a copy of
Burnet's Life of Bedell (Lond. 1692), now in the
British Museum (Class Mark 489. a. 15).

On the fly leaf : —

"Tho. Birch Febr. 22. 1752. Some of the MS. Be-

302

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"'i S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.

marks & Additions are by Mr. Lewis of jMargate, the
others are mine." *

" P. 4. Extract of an original Letter of S"" Henry
Wottoa to the Earl of Salisburj. Venice, 23 Febr. IGQs.

« < I have occasion at the present of the begging your
Lordship's support and encouragement for one Mr. Bedell,
■whom I shall be very glad to have with me in the place
of chaplain ; because I hear very singular commendation
of his good Gifts and discrete behaviour. It may there-
fore please your Lordship, when he shall take the bold-
ness to present himself before you, to set forward also
this piece of God's service.' S"" Henry's former Chaplain
was Nathanael Fletcher (son of Dr. Richard Fletcher,
Bp. of London,) who having lived with S"^ Henry two
years, returned from thence in the latter end of Sept.
1606 to England."— T. B.

« This Book was first publish'd in 1685."— T. B.

On p. 2., 1. 11., " of Colchester."

Dr Stern, who ordained M'. Thomas Gataker.

Dr. Richard Rogers was Bp. Suffragan of Dovor till he
died A.D. 1597." — J. L.

On p. 3. :

" Whilst he continued in the University, He with M"'.
Abdias Ashton of S*. John's, M''. Thom'as Gataker of
Sydney Sussex Coll., & formerly of S'. John's, & some
others, set on foot a design of preaching in places adja-
cent to the University where there were no pastors able
to teach & lead the people in the waies of truth, peace &
life."— J. L.

On p. 4., 1. 14. " Chaplain."

" The Chaplain, who first serv'd S^ Henry Wotton in
that capacity, was M''. Nathaniel Fletcher, sou to Fletcher
Bp. of London."— T. B.

On p. 4 , 1. 5. from foot. " Religion."

" About Aug. 1605. See VVinwood, vol. ii. p. 109.
119. 131. 136."— T. B,

On p. 11. 1. 18. " Paulo— QG6."

" See Ep. Andrews a.i lib. M. Tortl Resp. p. oGl." —
J. L.

On p. 21. 1. 6. from foot, " Eight."

« Three."— T. B,

On p. 25. 1. 10. " Horingsheath."

" Horningsherth."— T. B.

On p. 69. I. 9. " Archbishop of Canterbury."

" Lord Viscount Wentworth Lord Deputy of Ireland."
— J. L.

On same page. " Right Hon. &c."

" See at the end."— J. L.

At the end of the book Lewis has given the
following portions of the letter omitted by Bur-
net : —

" Right honourable my good Lord !

" ex auto-
grapho.

" That according to mj' duty I have not repaired to
your presence since j'our coming into this kingdom, you
may be pleased to understand the reason, viz. That I have
been informed manj' ways that your Lordship hath so
openlj', and, as might seem, purposely signified your
displeasure to me, yet never calling me to answer, as if
you would advise me to keep out of your sight. No ser-
vant, how faultless soever, hastes to receive a chiding,
especially in that place where he hath been lately sore
beaten. To make excuse before a man be blamed, lacks
little of accusing himself. And although the Integrity
of my own conscience made me confident this would soon
be appeased if I might come to make my defence ; yet I

• I distinguish the notes by the initials " J. L." and
«T.B."

considered, that possibly your Lordship conceived the
exigence of His Majesties affairs did require so, or the
first impression you desired to make of the future form
of your Government: and then Time itself, which is wont
to mitigate even deserved anger, would, after a while,
restore you to your natural goodness, & »ne to your good

opinion. In war (printed in Burnet, p. 69.) I am

glad that I have now some occasion & something of cer-
taintj' whereto I may make answer, holding it better to
be accused without cause than be suspected so. And
albeit neither your Lordship's nobleness, nor the form
itself of the information will consent, that it should pro-
ceed from you, but, as I conceive, from the report of j'our
declaration of 3-ourself towards me ; yet, being to make
my defence both to His Majesty and you, I crave leave
to do it first to j'ou, and through your hands to his
Majesty: to whom, when you shall be rightly informed
of the truth of my Apology, I doubt not, but you will be
pleased to take upon you the patronage of mine Inno-
cency.

" Your Lordship may be therfore intreated to under-
stand, that according to His Majestie's Commission to me
and others directed for the reedifying of the Churches in
the Diocese of Kilmore, after I had personall}' survey'd the
decaj's, and taken minutes of the charge necessarily re-
quired for those in the County of Cavan, I appointed a
general meeting, the day after Lent Assizes last, to give
VVarrant for the levying of the money for that purpose.
At which time, I being in the house of Mi;. Richard
Ashe, my Register, who was himself a Commissioner,
attending till some other of our company should return
from bringing the Judges on their way, there came to me
one Mr. Alane Cook m^' unfriendly Chancellor, being
none of our number, and some other of the Gentlemen of
our Countrey, and craved my hand to a Letter to the
Lords Justices and Council touching the new aplotment
of mone}'s upon the Countrey for the Army, Whether
this Letter were like to that of our neighbour County of
Fermanagh, whereunto my Lord of Kilfanora had sub-
scribed, and that Mr. Cooh being his son in Law la-
boured to join me in the Same cause with him, or else
he would redeem the good opinion of the Country with
such a popular service, I know not: this I maj' truly
confirm to your Lordship, that I was not of counsel, nor
had any participation with any Bishop or Layman, or
any creature thereabout, and that the very presenting it
by" that man made me nothing forward to condescend to
grant my hand to it. I answered them, that it was a
business that concerned not me at all, forasmuch as all
the Land I held was exempted from contributing any-
thing to the Soldiers. For but the Midsummer Assizes
before, when, besides my voluntary contribution, the
Sheriffs and Collectors applotted moneys upon my Men-
sal Land, contrary to the Act of State in that behalf, I
had, with much ado, found remedy by a reference from
the Lords Justices to the Judges of Assize. At which
time the malice of Mr. Cooh towards me well appeared ;
for he affirmed openly, that my Lord primate and the
Lord Archbishop of Dublin enjoyed no such exemption
of their Mensal Lands, which was contrary to truth and
that which themselves had told me. This Exemption,
allowed me contrary to his false suggestion, I now al-
ledged, telling them, that /had no cause to complain.
They urged me still in respect of my tenents and the
Country, and the Ministers. When I had perused their
Letter, I showed them, that I could not concur to it;
for there were some things in it which concerned the
time before my coming into the Kingdom; some per-
sonal imputations to their former Agents which I knew
not to be true, nor thought fit to insert. Besides, the
form, as I conceived, was not fit ; and, in especial, one
phrase there was, that His Majestie's Justice, as I re-

2"* S. VIII. Oct. 15. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

303

member, was appeald to, &c. I told them this was no
manner to treat with His Majesty, but rather to have
recourse to his Goodness. For the former, their Answer
was, that I might well take them upon the trust of their
word ; for the rest, they would needs have me take the
pen and make it as I thought good. I altered the frame
of it to an humble petition, and reduced it to a more
dutiful form. And wheras Mr. Cook would have mine
own Clerk to write it out, pretending, that he had the
fairest hand, they took him aside with them, and brought
it to me the second time; but some things remaining
still uncorrected, I refused to sign it, till they had got it
written the third time in manner as, I suppose, your
Lordship hath it. Who was the man that took upon him
to carry it, or send it about from one Justice or Minister
to another, who brought it up to Dublin, and put it into
the hands of the Gentleman that delivered it, if your
Lordship do count it worth the enquiry, you may soon
find out. You have the true Narration of the framing of
this Petition. Now will you be pleased to examine
wherein I opposed the service of His Majesty thereby.
It may be said, in the maintenance and upholding of the
Army. Indeed " (as in p. C9.)

On p. 69. 1. 4. from foot. * but."

" that of y« highest Majesty, and -- ". — J. L.

On the next line. " Skeans."

" Sean, a net." * — J. L.

On p. 70. 1. 8. " transmitted " underlined, " and "
written above the line. — J. L. '

On p. 70. 1. IG. " to the uttermost of their."
" to their utmost. — J. L.

On p. 70. 1. 3. from foot, " implored."

" imployed." — J. L.

On p. 70. last line, « of."

" to these."— J. L.

On p. 7L, 1. 7., " 7)11/ Lord Armach's."

" the lord Primate's."— J. L.

On p. 71. line 6. from foot, " as themselves stile it."
" as they themselves stile it, holden at Droghedagh."
^J. Li.

On p. 71. 1. 3. from foot, " Doctrine."

" Learning." — J. L.

On p. 72. 1. 4., after " Man," Lewis adds a to

denote an omission.

On p. 72., in the date of the letter, « deliverance."

" jovful deliverance." — J. L.

On p. 445. :

" What is thro out this paragraph containd within the
crotchets, are not the Author's own words, as may appear
from the first edition of these Letters published in K.
diaries 1'' time, 4to., but added by S'' Eoger UEstrange,
who would not permit them to be reprinted without
these alterations for fear it should be observed How
contrary the Doctrine formerly taught was to what was
now so much in vogue, which by this appears to be
very contrary to the sense of the Church of England at
the time when these Letters were written."— J. L.

On p. 446. marginal note :

" This was added by the Licenser, Sir Roger L' Es-
trange."— J. L.

May I be allowed to repeat my inquiry after
the copies of Burnet's book with tbe notes of
Farmer and Le Neve? What I have already
printed proves, I think, the necessity of sub-
mitting every statement of Burnet's to a searching
criticism. J. E. B. Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

* A mistake. A skean or skain is an Irish dagger. See
Nares, s. v. Skain.

HEBALDS VISITATIONS.

I send you a list of the years in which visita-
tions were made by the heralds, and of the coun-
ties visited, so far as can be ascertained from
existing manuscripts : —

A.D.

1530. Cornwall, Dorsetshire, Gloucestershire, Hants, Kent,

Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Surrey, Sussex,
Wiltshire, Worcestershire, Yorkshire. Wales was
visited this year, and again between the years
1586 and 1613.

1531. Berkshire, Devonshire, Somersetshire.
1533. Cheshire, Lancashire.

1552. Essex, Hants, Surrey, Yorkshire.
1558. Essex.

1561. Suffolk.

1562. Lincolnshire.

1563. Leicestershire, Norfolk, Staffordshire, Warwick-

shire, Yorkshire.

1564. Devonshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire, North-

amptonshire.
156.5. Dorsetshire, Wiltshire.

1566. Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Che-

shire, Huntingdonshire, Oxfordshire.

1567. Lancashire.

1568. London.

1569. Cheshire, Derbyshire, Gloucestershire, Hereford-

shire, Nottinghamshire, Shropshire, Worcester-
shire.

1570. Essex.

1572. Devonshire, Hertfordshire, Middlesex, Surrey.

1573. Cornwall, Somersetshire.

1574. Buckinghamshire, Kent, Oxfordshire, Sussex, York-

shire.

1575. Cambridgeshire, Durham, Hants, Northumberland,

Nottinghamshire.
1577. Suffolk,
1580. Cheshire.

1582. Bedfordshire.

1583. Gloucestershire, Staffordshire.

1584. Shropshire, Yorkshire.
1586. Bedfordshire, Herefordshire,

1589. Norfolk.

1590. Cambridgeshire.

1591. Cheshire, Somersetshire.

1592. Kent, Lincolnshire.
1597. Berkshire.

1611. Derbyshire, Suffolk.

1612. Cheshire, Essex, Yorkshire.

1613. Huntingdonshire, Lancashire, Norfolk.

1614. Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire.

1615. Cambridgeshire, Durham, Hertfordshire, Northum-

berland, Westmorland.

1617. Northamptonshire.

1618. Northamptonshire, Rutlandshire.

1619. Cambridgeshire, Kent, Leicestershire, Warwick-

shire.

1620. Cornwall, Devonshire.

1622. Hants.

1623. Berkshire, Dorsetshire, Gloucestershire, Kent,

Shropshire, Somersetshire, Surrey, Wiltshire.

1633. Sussex.

1634. Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Derbyshire, Essex,

Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, Lon-
don, Middlesex, Oxfordshire, Worcestershire.

1662. Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Surrey, Sussex.

1663. Cheshire, Kent, Middlesex, Shropshire, Stafford-

shire.

1664. Berkshire, Essex, Lancashire, London, Norfolk,

Westmoreland.

304

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<i S. VIIL Oct. 15, '59.

1665. Cumberlaud, Yorkshire.

1666. Durham, Northumberland.
1668. Norfolk.

1686. Hants.

1687. London.

Z. z.

JACK OF NEWBURY.

Jack of Newbury, whose patronymic was Winch-
combe, was the greatest clothier of England at the
period when he lived. Some years after the ter-
mination of his apprenticeship, and he had with
unwearied industry got a perfect insight into the
business, his master died, leaving the entire in-
terest in the trade, with some property, to his
widow. The lady strictly observed all the bien-
seances of society during her widowhood, but in
due time, divesting herself of her *' weeds," she
had three suitors : the vicar of Speen, and two
opulent tradesmen, each desiring to lead her to
the hymeneal altar ; our hero also proffered his
suit. It seems the latter was preferred, and they
soon entered the connubial state, and Jack be-
came prosperous and extremely wealthy. Joined
to his great opulence there was an equal stock of
public-spiritedness and patriotism, which he dis-
played in the early part of the reign of Henry
VIII., by equipping at his sole expense one hun-
dred of his followers ; and marching with them,
he joined the Earl of Surrey, and bravely dis-
tinguished himself in the battle of Flodden Field
in 1513. .

John Collet, in his Historical Anecdotes, p. 113.,
Addit. MS. 3890, Brit. Museum, informs us, that
** John Winscombe, commonly called Jack of
Newbury, was the most considerable clothier
England ever had. He kept 100 looms in his
house, each managed by a man and a boy. He
feasted King Henry VIII. and his first Queen
Catharine at his own house in Newbury, now
divided into sixteen clothiers' houses. He built
tlie church of Newbury from the pulpit westward
to the tower."

The above is a sketch of the general history of
the above Berkshire worthy. I have only farther
to state, that some years ago I saw at Chavenage
House, near Tetbury, a portrait which I was told
was that of Jack of Newbury. It was a very old
mansion, which formerly belonged to the family of
Stephens of Eastington andLypiat, owners of many
manors in that county (Gloucestershire). There
was a large hall in the building, decorated with a
great abundance of antique curiosities collected
with no little judgment and taste by the last pos-
sessor of the Stephens family. The authentica-
tion of the portrait should, however, be proved
before it can be put down as an original. Cha-
venage House is now the residence of the Hon.
Mr. Butler, son of Lord Churston. Amicus.

ROMANCE OF THE SANGRAAL.

From the fact of Geoffry of Monmouth making
no allusion whatever to the institution of the
Round Table or the quest of the Sangraal, many
have lightly concluded that those two notable
features of the Arthurian cyclus were added to it
after the appearance of his wonderful history (a.d.
1138). However difficult it may be to account
for such omissions, certain it is that, over-credu-
lous as he was, Geoffry had far from exhausted all
the materials at his command. This is evident
from the compositions of Wace and Layamon (the
one cotemporary with him, and a native of Jer-
sey, the other an Anglo-Saxon priest who flour-
ished half a century after him) ; each of whom,
like their predecessor, had access to independent
sources of information.

For^tbe true origin of the Round Table, of.
Myvyrian Archniology, iii. 363., 8vo. Lond. 1807,
and The Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales
(Venedotian code, b. ii. xi.), published in 1841 by
the Commissioners of Public Records. In his-
torical romance, the earliest mention of it occurs
in the first book of Master Wace's metrical Bnit
d' Angleterre (1150), founded on Geoffry 's Hist.
Britonum.

It is not quite so easy a matter to determine
when the fable of the Sangraal (the hanap or holy
vessel used by our Lord at his last supper) was
invented. The late Mr. Douce referred it to the
eighth century : —

"There are" (he says) « Welsh MSS. of it still exist-
ing, which, though not very old, were probably copied
from earlier ones, and are, it is to be presumed, more
genuine -copies of the ancient romance than any other
extant." (Quoted in Warton's Hist, of Poet. I. iii., Tay-
lor's edit. 8vo. Lond. 1840.)

The oldest Welsh MS. extant, containing any
account of the Sangraal, is in the Hengwrt library,
and is supposed to belong to the age of Henry I.
(1068-1135). It has never been edited. Assum-
ing, with our best modern bibliographers, that
VHistoire, ou le Roman du St. Graal, or, as it is
sometimes called, lioman de Joseph d'Arimathie,
usually attributed to Robert de Borron, and the
Roman de Merlin, by the same, preceded by a feV
years the publication of the Biut d Angleterre
(1150), in both of which Wace is anticipated in the
history of the Sangraal, neither the contents nor
the great antiquity of the Hengwrt MS., in that
case, will excite so much surprise.

In the first-named early prose work (i. e.'Rom.
du St. Gr.), the tradition is briefly recorded in the
following terms : —

" Enfin Joseph (d'Arimathie) avoit eth dans la maison
oil Jesus Christ avoit fait la cene avec ses Apotres, et
y trouva I'escuelle, oil le fiex Dieu avait mangle, il s'en
sesist, il la porta chez lui, et il s'en servit pour remasser
le sang, qui coula du cote et des autres plaies ; et cette
escuelle est appellSe le St. Graal." (Paris edit. 1523. fol.
6°.)

2°d S. VIII. Oct. 15. '69.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

305

De Borron then proceeds to relate some of the
max'vellous properties of the dish in question, which
it was the good fortune of Joseph to secure, and
amongst the rest (like the magic ring of Aladdin),
" it would provide for all, and would grant to all
those who served the Lord Jesus faithfully every-
thing that their heart could desire."

The first Breton trouvere whose lays have come
down to us, and in which the tradition of the
Sangraal appears, is Chrestien de Troyes (1170).
It is found in his Percival le Galois (Biblio. de
TArsenal, Paris MS. No. 195. A, and in Biblio.
du Roi MS., fol. No. 130.), which the poet dedi-
cated to his patron, Count Philip of Flanders, who
died in 1191. Chrestien did not survive to com-
plete this poem. From the 148th fol. of the first
MS. it is continued by Gaultier de Denet ; from
the 180th fol. by Gerbers (probably Gyrbert, min-
strel to the Countess Marie de Ponthie, who died
in 1251), and, finally, by Menessier, at the com-
mand of the Countess Johanna of Flanders, who
died in 1224. In that part of Percival written by
Chrestien de Troyes no mention is made of Joseph.
Menessier by desire of his patroness reduced the
whole of this tedious poem, consisting of near
49,000 lines, into prose, of which one edition only
has been printed (sm. fol. Paris, 1529). Copies of
it are excessively rare. There is one in the library
of the British Museum.

In the German Perceval of Wolfram von Es-
chenbach (1205), and in the Titurel of Albrecht
von Scharfenberg (1350), the fable of the Sangraal
is referred to a common origin ; viz. a poem, which
is now lost, in the northern French dialect, by the
Provencal Kiot or Guiot (not the Guiot de Pro-
vence, who flourished at a later period). Accord-
ing to Kiot, no account of the Sangraal existed, at
the time he wrote, in the chronicles of those coun-
tries that preserved the traditions of Arthur.
" In Anjou he found the story," and also in a brief
and imperfect work, written in a pagan hand
(adds Wolfram), which had been discovered at
Toledo by one Flegetanis, a half-Jew and astro-
loger. The existence of this Hispano- Arabic ver-
sion of the fable fully confirms what Alanus de
Insulis recorded (1096-1142) concerning the wide-
spread popularity of the Arthurian tales. " Quis
inquam Arturum Britonem non loquatur cum
pene notior habeatur Asiaticis gentibus quam Bri-
tannis ; sicut nobis referunt Palmigeri nostri de
orientis partibus redeuntes ? "

The interpretation and etymology of Sangraal
or Savgreal have as much puzzled the learned as
the origin of the extraordinary fable to which it
gave rise. The difficulty of the former is greatly
enhanced by the conflicting applications of the
term by medijeval writers. In the earliest
romances it was used to designate the dish on
which the paschal lamb was served at the Last
Supper ; afterwards it was applied to the sacra-

mental cup used on the same occasion ; and even-
tually to the contents of that cup.

In the Roman de Lancelot it is said : —
" Le St. Graal est, le meme qu le St. Vaisseau, en form
de calice, qui n'estoit de metail, n'y de bois, n'y de come,
n'y d'or, et dans lequel fust mis le sang de nostre Seig-
neur."

And in the Roman de Perceforest the descrip-
tion is so vague, that it may be applied either to a
platter, a chalice, or a ship : —

" Le St. Graal le meesme que le St. Vaissel, dont on lit
ici I'histoire ; les douze Apotres y avait mang^ I'aignal le
jeudi absolu (le jeudi saint) et it fust conserve en Engle-
terre danz una tour bastie exprfes a Corbenicy."

In the Morte d' Arthur, compiled from the French
by SirT. Malorie, and printed by Caxton in 1485,
the several descriptions of the Sangraal (books
xiii.-xvn. inc.) vary so much as to completely
bewilder the reader, who is at a loss to determine
whether it was at any time visible, except to the
initiated few, and then not always. Sometimes it is
altogether obscured by the Shekinah ; at others it
becomes palpable, and is the medium or object of
prayer ; it is openly transported from place to
place, and finally carried up into heaven, with the
disembodied spirit of Sir Galahad, by invisible
agents ; and the romance abruptly terminates with
the equivocal announcement : "Sithence there never
was no man so hardy for to say that hee had scene
the sancgreall ! "

Roquefort, in his Gloss, de la Lang. Rom.
(Paris, 1808), s. v. Graal, Greal, renders it vase
a boire, grand plat, grand bassin creux, propre
k servir des viandes (cf. Ducange, Gloss, s. v. Ga-
rales, and Borel, Tresor des Antiq. Franc. (Paris,
1665), s. v. Grasal.)

Not a few take the term to be a corruption or
contraction of the L. sanguinis realis (sang' real'),
an opinion that is certainly countenanced by
more than one passage in the Morte d' Arthur.

It would be an easy task to multiply references
to writers, who, from the thirteenth to the present
century, have touched incidentally upon the sub-
ject of the Sangraal ; but their explanations of it
would be found to Idc substantially the same as
those already offered.

Of the few, comparatively, who have endea-
voured to trace the fable to an age earlier than that
of Joseph of Arimathea, it must suffice to remark
of them that they severally suppose it to have ori-
ginated in the Heliotrapezon or Sun-Table of
the pious Egyptians ; in the highly-prized Black-
stone of the Kaaba in Mecca; in the Magic Mirror
or Cup of Salvation discovered by Dschemschid,
the hero of Persian romance; in the Egyptian
Hermes-goblet, &c. &c.

We need not, however, travel to the East or
elsewhere to seek for the original of the Sangraal :
like the equally famous Round Table, it is purely
of domestic growth. Wales was the foundry

306

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'« S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.

which supplied the •western nations with the crude
material of romance. This we know as well by
the avowal of the earliest of the Breton bards, as
by the identity of personages and of incidents
celebrated and embellished by them.

There is a very ancient tradition in the Princi-
pality to the eflFect that Merlin Emrys, the accre-
dited sorcerer, once went to sea in a glass vessel,
and at the same time conveyed awa^ "the thir-
teen curiosities of the Island," including the dish
or cup of Rhydderch (dysgyl a gren Rhydderch).
This cup so closely corresponds with that which
figures in medieeval romance (being capable of
furnishing any kind and amount of food desired
by its fortunate possessor), as to force the conclu-
sion that it alone was the true original of the San-
graal.

The late Rev. Peter Roberts was inclined to
suppose that the cup of Rhydderch was originally
a divining cup of the Druids, and, in reference to
its presumed identity with the Sacro Catino, depo-
sited in the cathedral of St. Lorenzo in Genoa,
observes : —

"I am not without some suspicion, that during the
establishment of the Druids at Glastonbury, the Catino
or Sangreal had been preserved there, and that it -was
from the celebrity of this vessel the place took the name
of Ynys Wydrin, or the Isle of Little Glass, and that
Merlin, when he went to Bardsey, sailed, not indeed in
it, but with it — i. e. took it with 'him thither — and that
it was recovered by Arthur, and consecrated to the use of
the Church by St. David." {Caml. Pop. Antiq. 8vo. Lond.
1815.)

For the latest adventures of the Sacro Catino
or Sangreal, see a paper by M. Millin, the anti-
quary, in the Esprit des Journaux (Paris, Avril,
1807), pp. 139-153, j3.

iHtn0u ^aXti.

Nell Gwynn's Sister. — Your correspondent Mr.
PIoppER has directed attention to a fact hitherto
unrecorded, that Eleanor Gwynn had a sister.
Rose *, afterwards married to a Mr. Forster (vide
"N. & Q." 2"^ S. iv. 172.). I would mention
that recently I lighted on a foul draught warrant
entry-book of Charles II., wherein one entry was
made concerning Rose Gwyn, who seems to
have been convicted of an offence (left blank in
the original) at the Old Bailey; and although
convicted, was reprieved by the Bench before
judgment, doubtless owing to some powerful in-
terference. She was afterwards discharged upon
bail, with a view to her ultimate pardon. The
name Rose Gwyn, the period 1663, the extra-
ordinary clemency exercised, form a curious

* Probably this might be the sister alluded to by Pen-
nant, who says, that in her house at Pall Mall a picture
of Nell hung up over the chimney, and one of her sister
Ja another room.

coincidence, and would almost permit of a pre-
sumption that this was none other than the sister
Rose of the beauteous mistress of the " merry
monarch."

I subjoin a copy of the document : —

"Whereas we are given to understand that Rose
Gwynne, having been convicted of at the late ses-
sions held at the Old Bailey, was yet reprieved by y«
bench before judgment, and reserved as an object of our
princely compassion and mercy, upon humble suite made
to us in favour of y« said Eose, we have thought good
hereby to signify our Royal pleasure unto j-ou, that j^ou
forthw"' grant her her liberty and discharge upon good
bail first taken in order to y® sueing out her pardon, and
rendering our gracious mercy and compassion to be effec-
tual. For which, &c., dated 30 Dec, 1663.

" By His Ma*y' Command,
« H. B."

Are there any Old Bailey trials of that period
or other records of offences that I can refer to ?

Ithubiel.

Great Bells at Westminster Palace. — These
bells have followed the fate of the far greater
monster at Moscow in facility of fracture. Euro-
peans generally are largely indebted to the Chi-
nese for the inventions of the magnet, printing,
and paper-money. In the art of bell-ringing the
Chinese are far advanced also ; and if the object
be to get the greatest possible noise out of the
least possible quantity of material and with the
least possible outlay, we may adopt their prac-
tice with advantage, and improve upon it after-
wards. Their bells are not inverted cups, but
hollow cylinders ; and they are not struck by a
hammer capable of breaking them. The material
of which their bells are compounded is well known
as German silver, or Tutenag=:Packfong in Chi-
nese, consisting of 40'4 parts of copper, 31 6 of
nickel, 25'4 of zinc, and 26 of iron in 100 parts.
Specific gravity, 8'432. " In the principal Bud-
hist temples in China a great cylindrical bell of
this metal," says Davis (Chinese, ii. 235.) " is sus-
pended, which is struck outside with a large
wooden mallet. The great bell at Pekin measures
14| feet in height, and nearly 13 in diameter."

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

Old St. PauVs a Paving Quarry. —

" In some parts of London, the incessant traffic occa-
sions frequent renewal of the pavement ; iu others more
sequestered and having no real thoroughfare, the same
pavement may be at times readjusted, but is otherwise
destined to remain in the same locality for centuries. As
an instance how long old pavements may remain, com-
paratively speaking, undisturbed, we may here call at-
tention to the fact that in the locality of Serjeants' Inn,
Fleet Street, have remained, till the present hour, a large
number of blocks of Purbeck stone, which tradition points
to as having formed part of the structure of Old St. Paul's.
These blocks are, however, now in the course of rapid
removal by the contractors to the Commissioners of
Sewers, who have now, for the first time, entered upon
the duty of paving Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street. Mr..

^"d S. VIII., Oct. 15. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

307

Timbs, in his Curiosities of London, alludes to the cir-
cumstance that after the Fire of London Sir Christopher
Wren found the greatest difficulty in removing the im-
mense fragments of remains of Old St. Paul's, prepara-
tory to laying the foundation of the new structure.
Gunpowder was therefore employed by him for the pur-
pose, and many of the adjoining places were paved with
stones thus detached from the remains. Tradition tells
that Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street, being then ecclesiastical
property, was not forgotten in the distribution from the
remains of Old St. Paul's of the materials which had
contributed to its composition centuries long before.
These stones have travelled but a stone's throw during
nearly two centuries, but ere this reaches the reader's
■eye they will have become for ever scattered, and that
tradition which has hung to them so long will know them
no more." — Citt/ Press.

Shadows. — Those who are interested in tracing
ideas apparently original to older sources may be
amused by an instance which occurs in Bewick's
^sop, where, on p. 47. of the original edition, the
fable of the " Thief and the Cock " is illustrated
by the figure of a man decamping with his prey,
und casting behind him, on the ground, a shadow
in the form of the Devil, the body and baggage
of the thief being so arranged as to assume this
form. F. H. P.

DryderCs Recantation. — In lately looking over
the Life of Dryden, by Walter Scott, prefixed to
the edition of his Works^ is the following narra-
tive, which is much to Dryden's credit, especially
when we consider how he was exalted by his
contemporaries and how rare such admissions and
recantations are.

After mentioning Collier's Short View of the
Immorality and Profaneness of the Stage, pub-
lished in 1698, and quoting Johnson, who says,
" the effect was so great that the wise and pious
caught the alarm, and the nation wondered that it
had so long suffered irreligion and licentiousness
to be openly taught at the public charge," the
memoir thus proceeds : —

" Dryden, it may be believed, had, in his comedies,
well deserved a liberal share of the public censure, but
had the magnanimity to acknowledge its justice. In the
Preface to the Fables, he makes the amende honorable :
' I shall say the less of Collier, because in many things he
has taxed me justlj', and I have pleaded guilty to all
thoughts and expressions of mine, which can be truly
argued of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality, and re-
tract them. If he be my enemj-, let him triumph : if he
be my friend, as I have given him no personal occasion
to be otherwise, he will be glad of mj' repentance. It
becomes me not to draw my pen in defence of a bad
cause, when I have so often drawn it for a good one." —

P. 42G.
Islijj.

Francis Trench.

JACOBITE MANUSCRIPTS.

Through the kindness of the Rev. J. H. A.
Philipps I have been permitted to peruse the

contents of a packet of MSS., which have been
carefully preserved among the muniments at
Picton Castle. From the character of the writing
and the frayed condition of the paper, I assume
them to be quite as old as the date which they
bear. They are enclosed in a tattered envelope,
which is superscribed " Papers of consequence."
The MSS. are evidently copies, and consist of
the following documents : —

1st. A Commission of Regency, granted by the
old Chevalier under the style and title of James
R. to " our dearest Son Charles, Prince of Wales ;"
and dated from " our Court at Rome y^ 23'^ day
of December, 1743, in y^ 43^ year of our Reign."
2nd. A Proclamation signed " C. P. R.," and
dated "Paris,^ the IG*'^ of May, 1745," in which
" in His Majesty's name, the King, our Royal
Father," he grants a free, full, and general Par-
don for all Treasons, Rebellions, and Offences
whatsoever, " committed at any time before y®
Publication hereof; " and calling upon all loyal
subjects to flock to the royal standard ; pro-
mising the Army and Navy all arrears, and in
addition, a gratuity of a year's pay. It farther
goes on to pledge the sovereign to call together a
free Parliament, wherein no corruption nor undue
influence shall have been used, to settle the Ec-
clesiastical and Civil Rights of the respective
Kingdoms, and permits " all Civil Oflicers and
Magistrates now in place and office to continue
until further orders."

3d. Two letters from the Young Chevalier to
his Father ; one bearing the date of " Perth, 10"'
Sepf, 1745," and the other that of " Pinkey
House nearEdinb. Sept. 21. 1745." These let-
ters, if genuine, do equal credit to the head and
heart of the young struggler for his father's
throne. The first letter, after some introductory
matter, goes on to say : —

" I have occasion every day to reflect upon Y"" M — ty's
last words to me that I would find power, if it was not
accompany'd with Justice and Clemencj', an uneasy thing
to myself, and grievous to those under me. It's to y®
observance of this Eule, and my conforming myself to
y8 Customs of these people, that I have got their" Hearts
to a Degree not to be easily conceived by those who do
not see it."

He says farther : —

" There is one thing, and but one, in which I have had
any Difference with my faithfull Highlanders. It was
about setting a price upon my Kinsman's Head — which,
knowing Y"" Ma — ' generous humanity, I am sure will
shock you, as much as it did me. When 1 w&a shewn y«
Proclamation setting a price on my Head, I smil'd '&
treated it with y^ Disdain it deserv'd. Upon which they
flew into a most violent Rage, & insisted upon my doing
y<' same by him. As this flow'd solely from y^ poor
Men's love and concern' for me, I did not knoAV how to
be angry with them for it, and tried to bring them to
Temper by representing to them that it was a Mean Bar-
barous practise among Princes, that must dishonour them
in y Eyes of all Men of Honour : that I could not see
how my Cousin's having set me y^ Example, would jus-

508

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n« S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.

tifie me in imitating that -which I blame so much in
him : But nothing I could say would satisfie them. Some
■went even so far as to say, shall we go and venture our
Lives for a Man zvho seems so indifferent about preservitig
his own ? Thus I have been drawn in to do a thing for
-which I condemn my Self. ¥>• Ma — ty knows that in my
Nature I am neither cruell nor revengefull."

The letter dated from Pinkie House details the
success with -which —

" It has pleased God to prosper Y"^ Ma — ' Arms under
my command. On the IT'^ I entered Edinburg Sword
in hand, and got possession of y« Town, -without our
being obliged to shed one Drop of Blood, or commit the
least Violence : And this Morning, I have gain'd a most
Signal Victory with little or no loss."

Farther on the Prince remarks : —

"If I had obtained this Victory over Foreigners, my
Joy -wo'd have been complete ; But as it's over English-
men, it has thrown a Damp upon it that I little imagined.
The Men I have defeated, were y Ma — ' Enemys, it is
true; But they might have become y"^ Friends and Duti-
fuU S — cts when they had got their Eyes open'd to see
y« true Interest of their Country, which I am come to
save, not to destroj'. For this reason I have discharg'd
all publick Kejoicings."

The fourth and last document contained in the
packet is " A Journal of the Marches of His R.
H." Army from the 8*^ of Nov'"', the time he
entered England, till his return to Scotland, the
20**^ of Dec^'."

I have given a sufficient extract from the dif-
ferent MSS. to identify them, if they are known.
The proclamations were, I doubt not, published
far and wide, but where did the letters and
journal come from? Perhaps yourself, or one of
the numberless readers of " N. & Q." may be
able to throw some light on the subject. If the
letters and Journal have not been published, I
have no doubt that Mr. Philipps will allow me to
copy them in extenso. John Pavin Phillips.

Haverfordwest.

^tn0r ©unrtc*.

Sir John Hart. — When was John Harte, or
Hart, elected an Alderman of the City of London ?
and when was he knighted ? Sir John Hart was
Lord Mayor of London in 1589 ; and was, I be-
lieve, M.P. for London from 1593 to 1601. His
epitapii may, I think, still be seen in one of the
churches in London dedicated to St. Swithin.

W. N. S.

'■'■Sunt Monachi nequam." — I shall be thankful
if any of your readers can assist me in tracing the
following Latin epigram : —

" Sunt monachi nequam, nequam sunt unus et alter,
Praeter Petrum omnes ; est sed et hie monachus."

I have seen it attributed to H. Stephanus, but
have not succeeded in finding it in any collection
of his poems, or in the Apologie pour Herodote.

The epigram is imitated from one in the Greek

Anthology, attributed toPhocylides or Demodocus.
There is also an English imitation by Person,
against Hermann. Both these are given in the
Anthologia Polyglotta of Dr. Wellesley (p. 433.) ;
but the Latin is not included in that collection.

H. S. Mamsel.
Oxford.

The First Marquis of Antrim. —

" Murder will Out : or the King's Letter, justifying
the Marquess of Antrim, and declaring that what he did
in the Irish Rebellion was by Direction from his Royal
Father and Mother, and for the Service of the Crown.
London ; Printed 1689."

Can you state whether the above-named small
tract is rare or well known ?

Do you, or any of your contributors, know
where I could find an account of Lord Dunluce,
afterwards Earl and Marquis of Antrim, previ-
ously to his marriage with the Duchess of Buck-
ingham ? G. H.

The Mysterious Cheque-hearer. — The Journal
des Demoiselles (20me Annee, 5me Serie, p. 131.)
contains the following anecdote : —

" A few years before the revolution of 1789, an Amster-
dam house sent advice to a great banker of London, re-
questing him to pay a large sum — say twenty thousand
guilders — to the person who should offer half of a torn-
up card, of which the other half was inclosed in the letter
of advice. When the man of the card presented himself,
the banker addressed to him sundry questions, to which
the stranger obstinately refused an answer. The unknown
only declared, that he insisted upon payment, whereupon
the banker fulfilled his request. Surprised at this mys-
tery, our London merchant hastened to Pitt, to tell him
of what had happened. 'Do you know the name of the
person to whom you have paid out the twenty thousand
guilders?' said the Minister. 'No, I do not.' 'But if
you saw him, you still would be able to recognise him? '
' Indeed I would.' Pitt then opened a drawer and showed
the banker a great many portraits, amongst which the
merchant recognised that of his mysterious visitor. ' Give
him all he asks for,' said Pitt, ' he won't abuse it.'

Query, Who was the man with the card, and
what was his business in London ?

J. H. VAN Lennep.

Manpadt House, near Haarlem,
Sept. 22, 1859.

Mr. Willett, Purchaser of Orleans Pictures. — A
Mr. Willett purchased some of the pictures at the
Orleans gallery sale at the end of last century.
Can you tell me who he was, his address, or
where his collection is or was, or what became of
it ? or can you put me in the way of ascertaining
this, as I am anxious to trace a picture he bought
there ? P-

Queenhorough Castle, Isle of Sheppey. — Can
any of your readers inform me at what date this
castle was completed by Edward III. ? Hasted
states that it was commenced in 1361, and
finished about six years afterwards, and that the
king then paid a visit to it, but he gives no au-

2°<i S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

309

thority for either of these assertions. The first
constable, John Foxley, was appointed in Oc-
tober, 1365, and in the month of May in that
year several patents were dated " apud castrum
nostrum in insula de Shepeye " by the king.
The surveyor of works appears to have been ap-
pointed in 1361. I am anxious to obtain some
clue to the verification or refutation of Hasted's
statements, for upon them depends the assignment
of a limiting date to a passage in a manuscript of
the fourteenth century in my hands, the writer
of which employs the phrase " castellum quod
cedificat (sc. rex) quod dicitur Schepheye," which
must therefore have been written before the
completion of the castle. H. F.

The Mowlray Family. — Curtis, in his Topo-
graphical History of Leicestershire, under " Lind-
ley," says, " Goisfrid's [de Wirce] daughter
married Nigel de Mowbray, and she gave lands
here to Garendon Abbey." Curtis gives no au-
thority for this statement, which, if true, would
account for the fact of the estates of Goisfrid de
Wirce passing into the possession of the Albini
family, and so into that of the English family of
Mowbray. Can the statement of Curtis as to
the marriage be authenticated ? T. North.

Leicester.

Texts. — From a recent number of The Guar-
dian, I see that a clergyman took his text from
the Apocryphal Book of Ecclesiasticus. I should
very much like to know whether clergymen are
restricted in selecting their texts to the canonical
books, or whether it merely depends on the " au-
thority of custom." In early days, preachers were
not so much confined. As far as beautiful apho-
risms and elegance of diction are concerned, the
Books of "Ecclesiasticus" and "Wisdom" are only
second to the productions of the inspired writers.

Bishop Butler quotes largely from them in his
Sermons (e. g. in the one upon the " Government
of the Tongue," and in that upon " Forgiveness of
Injuries," &c.). Oxoniensis.

P.S. I may here note another custom begin-
ning to obtain, namely, that of clergymen select-
ing two or three portions from different passages
of Scripture for their text.

Fullers Funeral Sermon. — Aubrey, in his cha-
racter of Thos. Fuller, the historian, speaking of
his works (see Letters from Bodleian, vol. ii. p.
354.) says : —

" Scripsit amongst other things : ' A Funerall Sermon
on Hen. Danvers, Esq., the eldest son of S' John Dan-
vers, and only son by his second wife, Darteby [should
be Dauntesey], Brother to Henry Earl of Danby, preached
at Lavington, in Wilts. Obiit 19° NoV^.' "

Fuller's intimacy with the family is well known,
and the statement made by Aubrey, who was re-
lated to Sir John Danvers, is no doubt deserving

credit ; but I have sought in vain for any such
sermon in the Library of the British Museum,
and all inquiries addressed to parties most inti-
mate with Fuller's writings have been fruitless.
Queen's College or Sidney College Library may
contain all Fuller's works, as he was a member of
both those colleges, and I should feel greatly
obliged if any of your Cambridge correspondents
would examine farther into a subject in which I
feel some curiosity as holding a situation which
has made me anxious to collect all attainable in-
formation relative to the Dauntesey Danvers,
Lees, and Berties, the former possessors of Bishops
Lavington, Wilts. E. W.

Archbishop Laud. — Is the picture of Arch-
bishop Laud, in the collection of his Grace the
Archbishop of Canterbury, an undoubtedly genuine
and original portrait by Vandyke ? What was
the fate of the series of portraits in the Lambeth
gallery during the time of Cromwell? and how
were they restored ? In what collections are
there other original portraits of Archbishop Laud?

T. B. D.

Seven Dates Vacant. — For a particular kind of
Almanack that I have in hand, relating to births
and marriages of eminent personages, there are
seven days in the year vacant : March 8th, 12th,
17th; April 6th; July 1st; October 6th; No-
vember 26th. Now I shall be grateful to any
correspondent of " N. & Q." who can and will
fill up these dates for me, as I am unable to find
that any one of distinction will either marry or
come into this sphere on the days noted.

G. W. S. P.

Symbolical meaning of a Cloven Foot. — The
Rev. J. Prime, in his Exposition of the Gala^
thians, 1587, calls upon his readers to "examine the
spirits — compare matters and causes — ruminate
and chue the kud — meditate the state of their
salvation, and go the waies thereunto ivith a eleane
and a clouenfoot, that is, as Isichivs saith, with a
wise, a discreet, and a distinguishing understad-
ing." The cloven foot and chewing the cud were
the criterion of clean beasts (Lev. xi. 3.). How
has a cloven foot become an emblem of evil ?
Thus Satan is pictured with cloven feet ; and in
the old altar-piece formerly exhibited in White-
chapel church. White Kennett was painted as Judas
with a cloven foot. In the same preface this godly
puritan says, " If the Bible was indeed deeply im-
printed in the harts of al me, I could have wished
euen Luthers wish, That al bookes els were in a
faire light fiar." In what book has Luther ex-
pressed a wish somewhat like that of Mahomet
and the Koran ? George Opfor.

Dutch Tragedy. —

" Mnch that is good Tragedy at Amsterdam would be
broad Farce in London. In one Dutch Tragedy a lady

310

NOTES AND QUERIES.

['2»d s. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.

has agreed to elope •with her lover at midnight. He does
not come, and she goes to bed ; he enters through the
window at one, and finds her so sound asleep that he is
obliged to shout 'Wake up Elizabeth' several times in a
speech of fourteen lines before he can rouse her. In a
picture (of which there are many in the book) she is in
her night-dress, very fat and sleepy. Afterwards he kills
himself, and appears to her all over fire ; and she turns
nun, and as such is painted thin and graceful. In another
play the hero, Maximin, stabs himself six times, follow-
ing each stab with a comment of ten lines, and those
Alexandrines, except the last, when, after declaring in
the first that the sword has gone through his heart and
he feels it on the other side, he observes that it is no
wonder that the enemy never could kill him as he has
been put to so much trouble to kill himself, and he dies
at the sixth line." — Remarks upon Remarks, chiefly re-
lating to the Stage (pp. 64., London), p. 17.

The date is defaced, but I think it is 1710.

In some instances I observe that the author
prefers facetiousness to accuracy, though I cannot
accuse him of wilful falsification. As some of
your correspondents are conversant with Dutch
literature, perhaps they will inform me whether
the passages quoted above are genuine, and fair
e.\amples of Dutch tragedy. J.F.J.

Memoir of Archbishop Newcome. — Stuart, in his
Historical Memoirs of the City of Armagh (in his
account of William Newcome, D.D., Archbishop
of the diocese), p. 461., informs us that

" It is said there is extant an interesting manuscript
memoir of the archbishop, written by himself, in which
lie details at some length the progress of his studies, and
points out the sources from which he had derived his
theological opinions,"

Can anyone tell me whether this Memoir, re-
ferred to by Stuart in 1819, is extant ? and if so,
where deposited? The archbishop's interleaved
copy of the Bible, in four volumes, is described in
the Catalogue of the Archiepiscopal Manuscripts at
Lambeth. Abhba.

Cleanctus. —

" Stingy Cleanctus *, softened by thy skill,
Of costless viands lets thee take thy fill ;
To other knaves, with visage stern and dull.
He turns, and shews the public tablets full."

The above lines are from Early Verse and
Prose by George H. Dyer, Cambridge (U. S.),
1826, a small volume containing some good lines
and a display of very ordinary learning. The
sketch of a classical flatterer is about the best. I
cannot find " Cleanctus" in the Index to Theo-
phrastus, and shall be obliged by anyone who is
familiar with him saving me the trouble of a
search which may be fruitless. M. E.

Eton.

Biographical Queries. — I should be glad to
obtain any information relating to the under-
mentioned.

* See Theophrastus.

Timothy Willis ^ ambassador to Muscovy in the
reign of James I.

Sir George Wright, Knt., Fellow of S. John's,
Oxford, 1600.

Adrian Dee, Canon of Chichester, son of Bishop
Dee. Of what college ?

Roger Racket, a divine, temp. Elizabeth, second
son of Sir Cuthbert Hacket, Lord Mayor of Lon-
don.*

John Exton, Judge of Admiralty, 1664.

C. J. Robinson.

Sevenoaks.

"Devil-may-care." — What is a "devil-may-
care expression"? And who first used so dis-
gusting a barbarism ?

Job J. Babdwell Workard, M.A.

Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports : Coroner. —
In the State Paper Office, Domestic Series, James
I. (vol. xxviii.) there is the opinion of one Dr.
Newman to the effect that the Lord Warden of
the Cinque Ports can be the only judge to act as
coroner in the case of a man drowned off Dover
pier. Is this the case now ? W. O. W.

Colonel Thwachcell. — The great poet, Sir
Walter Scott, in a letter to his son, Lieut. Walter
Scott, 15th Light Dragoons (Hussars), dated
" Abbotsford, 4th April, 1825," writes : —

" Touching Colonel Thwackwell, of whom I know
nothing but the name, which would bespeak him a strict
disciplinarian, I suppose you are now arrived at that
time of life you can take your ground from your observa-
tion, without being influenced by the sort of cabal which
often exists in our army, especially in the corps where
the officers are men of fortunes or expectations, against
a commanding officer."

With regard to this officer, the editor has ap-
pended a note to the following effect : —

" Sir Walter had misread, or chose to miswrite, the
name of his son's new commandant, Lieutenant-Colonel
Thackwell."

Can any of your contributors Inform me whe-
ther this Col. Thackwell was the same officer who
died the other day, holding the rank of Lieut.-
General in the army, and who was also a Grand
Cross of the Bath and Colonel of the 16th Lan-
cers ? Also, who was his father ? Esquire.

" Platonis Opera," Serrani, 1578, fol. — Brunei
gives 14 inches 8 to 10 lines as the size of
the largest copy he had seen. Query, Do not

[* See Wood's Athena, ii. 317. (Bliss), for some ac-
count of Dr. Roger Hacket. In addition to what is there
stated respecting him, we may add that he was instituted
to the rectorj- of North Crawley, Bucks, April 7, 1590,
and buried in that church Sept. 16, 1621. His will is
dated August 21, 1621, in which are several legacies to
his children; to ^ew College, Oxford, several of his
books ; and a piece of ground to the town of about 40s.,
in case they do not disturb his enclosures. Cole's MSS.
xxxviii. pp. 130. 136. — Ed.]

■2'^^ S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

311

even small paper copies exceed this height ?

Mine measures 15^ inches, but is I think merely

a tall ordinary copy. Joseph llix.

St. Neots.

George Browne, the First Protestant Archbishop
of Dublin, deprived by Q. Ma?'?/ in 1554. — Of
what family was the above prelate ? "Was he mar-
ried*, and if so, to whom? Whom did his de-
scendants marry ? What were his arms and crest ?
A reply to these questions, through the post, will
greatly oblige R. W. Dixon.

Seaton-Carew, co. Durham.

Marrjuis of Argyle and Charles II. — It is
stated in Martyn's Life of Shaftesbury (vol. i.
p. 161.) that in 1650 King Charles II. gave the
Marquis of Argyle, who was beheaded after the
Restoration, " a promise under his hand and seal
to make him a duke, a knight of the garter, and
one of his bedchamber, and likewise to be in-
fluenced by his counsels ; and that, when restored
to his just rights, he would pay to the Marquis
forty thousand pounds which was due to him."
What is the authority for this statement ? Has
such a document been anywhere published ?

W. C.

Sir John Baiikes in 1676. — Who was Sir John
Bankes, living in Dorsetshire about 1676„? The
eldest son and successor of Sir John Bankes, the
Chief Justice, who died in 1644, was Sir Ralph
Bankes, Knt., who died early in the reign of
Charles II. His eldest son is described in the
family histories as John Bankes, without a title.
Was he a knight ? W. C.

[John Bankes, grandson of the Chief Justice, repre-
sented the borough of Corfe Castle in eight parliaments,
and died in 1714, and was buried at Wimborne. Accord-
ing to the pedigree in Hutchins's Dorsetshire, ii. 567.,
he is without a title.]

Mrs. B. Hoole, afterwards Hofland. — Can you
give me any information regarding Mrs. Hoole,
author of a volume of Little Dramas for Young
People, published by Longman. I have not seen
the book, but the title is given in The London
Catalogue of Boohs, 1814—1846. What was the
date of publication, and what are the titles of the
•dramas ? Z. A.

[We are unable to get a sight of Little Dramas for
Young People from English History, 1809. The maiden
name of the authoress was Barbara Wreaks, born at
Sheffield in 1770. Her first husband was Mr. T. Brad-
shawe Hoole; and her second Mr. Thomas Christopher
Hofland. Mrs. Hofland died at Richmond in Surrej',
Nov. 9, 1844 ; and her Life and Literary Remains were
published by Thomas Ramsaj-, 12mo., 1849.

[* Abp. Browne was deprived for matrimony. See E.
P. Shirle}''s Original Letters on the Church in Ireland, pp.
5. 18. — Ed.]

E. H. Keating' s Dramas. — Can you give me
the date of a volume by Miss Keating, entitled
Drawing-room Dramas. What are the names of
the pieces ? Z. A.

[The work is entitled Dramas for the Drawing Room;
or Charades for Christmas. By E. H. Keating. Post
8vo., no date [1856?] It contains four charades: 1. Blue
Beard. 2. Phaeton. 3. Catiline. 4. Guy Fawkes. These
are preceded with directions " How to carry out a per-
formance successfully."]

Seal Inscription. — I have the matrix of a seal
with the following legend : —

" S. THESAUEAE. ET CAPITUI-. ECCESI.E DE
MBNIGDUSTE."

The D in the last word may possibly be an o.
It is of the thirteenth century, with canopy of
three arches ; under centre is Madonna and infant
Saviour ; at the sides are two saints ; underneath
is a kneeling figure, under another arch. Can
you tell me to what church it belonged ? J. C. J.

[The D, as our correspondent suggests, is probably an
o. The church appears to have been that of Menigoute,
a town of 850 or 90O inhabitants in the department of
Deux-Sfevres. (Worcester, Geog. Diet, Bouillet, Diet.")
Menigoute would in old French be Menigouste, as on the
seal, and is so spelt in the Diet. Geog. of Expilly, 1766.
This would be modernised into Menigoute, much in the
same manner that the old Fr. goiist, taste, has in modern
Fr. become gout,"]

Anna Liffey. — How did the river which runs
through Dublin acquire the name of Anna Lif-
fey ? Frances Seymour.

[The name Anna LifFej' is said to be derived from
Awen Luiffa, the black river.]

The Termination " -sex.''' — Can any of your cor-
respondents inform me what is the meaning of the
termination -sex in TSiSsex, Sussea;, Middlesea;, and
Wessea; ? P. D.

[The word is derived from Seaxe, the Saxons, who had
different names according to their locality : 1. East Seaxe,
East Saxons, people of Essex. 2. Middel- Seaxe, Middle-
sex. 3. Suth- Seaxe, South Saxons, or the people of
Sussex. 4. West- Seaxe, West Saxons, or inhabitants of
Wessex. — Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary."]

JLADY CULBOS's DREAME. "

(2"« S. viii. 247.)

Under the impression that I had the materials
at hand to enable me to frame a reply to Lady
Lytton's Query, I have devoted a few hours to
the search, but fear my success in throwing any
new light upon Lady Culros, or her Dreame, has
not been very signal.

To the inquiry as to whether the Dreame is still
in existence, the reply is easy : a reprint of the
earliest known edition of the only work answer-
ing that description, having been published by

312

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Oct. 15. '50.

Mir. David Laing in his Early Metrical Tales,
octavo, 1826, — under the title of Ane Godlie
Dreame compylit in Scottish Meter be M. M. Gen-
telvvoman in Culross at the requeistof her freindes.
Edinbvrgh, printed be Robert Charteris, 1603.

The M. M. is Mistress Melvil, and in all subsequent
editions she is designated as Elizabeth Melvil, Lady
Culros yonger ; while another variety in her de-
scription is furnished by Alex. Hume, who dedicates
his Hymnes or Sacred Songs (Edin, 1599) to Eliz.
Mal-vill, Ladie Cumrie, whom he identifies with
our subject by extolling both her poetry and her
piety. Mr. John Livingston, who has left a MS.
account of Eminent Proffessors in Scotland, also
notices Lady Culros as famous for her Dream
anent her spiritual condition, which she put in
verse, and was by others published. Mr. Laing,
who furnishes these particulars, reconciles the
above descrepancies in her nomenclature by in-
forming us that our authoress was Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Jas. Melvill of Halhill, the his-
torian ; and that by her marriage with John Col-
vill, eldest son of Alexander, Commendator of
Culros (who during his father's life had the de-
signation of Colvill of Wester- Cumrie), she re-
ceived the honorary title, first, of Lady Cumrie,
and subsequently of Lady Culros.

So far, 1 think, we may be satisfied, then, that
the existing Dreame is the work of the Lady Cul-
ros of the seventeenth century; and, judging
from the number of impressions it underwent, and
its consequent great popularity, as one of the
books of the people *, it almost amounts to cer-
tainty that it is identical with the wild wail which
lingered so long in the ears of Lawrence Temple,
i. e. the poet Armstrong, and the religious rhap-
sody of Pinkerton, Campbell, and Leyden. But
here we come to the real point of Lady L.'s
Query, — the singular reference to a like Dreme
by a Dreamer of the same name, in a poem pub-
lished more than a century before the time of our
Lady Culros !

I have not elsewhere met with the quotation
Lady Lytton has furnished from recollection in
support of the existence of the ivilde shriekinge
dreme of the olden time, nor do I find that any of
our poetical antiquaries allude to it when speak-
ing of that extant : considering the evident fami-
liarity of the editor of the reprint of 1826 with
the old Scottish metrical romances, — that of Sir
Gawayne in particular, which he has also edited,
— it does seem impossible to believe but that some
mistake is made in the quotation, or error in the
ascription of it to a ballad printed in Richard IIL's

* The Dreame has its scoffers too : Sam. Colvill, in his
Whig's Supplication written about 1680, and the reputed
son of Lady Culros, has the following rough allusion to
the work, and its detractors : —

" Which sundry drunken Asses flout,
Not seeing the Jewel within the clout ! "

time. Curious enough Campbell, in his History
of Poetry in Scotland, when commenting upon
Pinkerton's jumping to the conclusion that the soi-
disant Lawrence Temple referred to Mrs. Colvill's
Dreame, asks, may it not be possible that Arm-
strong alluded, not to this silly rhapsody, but to
some other piece of poetry of which he had but
a faint remembrance ? With all due respect for
this northern Warton, the doubt started by him
must remain but a very faint probability until the
correctness of Lady L.'s memory is vouched for
by the exact passage, and proof that it is to be
found in a production of the press of the antiquity
indicated.

Having said thus much of the Dreame, it may
not be out of place to add a word or two by way
of description, particularly as neither original nor
reprint are likely to fall into the hands of any but
the curious in old books. Pinkerton, in his Tra-
gic Ballads (London, 1781), strips the Dreame of
its horrors when he says, in reply to Temple,
" this composition is neither lost, nor is it too ter-
rible for the ear. On the contrary a child might
hear it repeated in a winter's night without the
smallest emotion." Viewing our amiable enthu-
siast as the Dreamer, we are struck at the outset
by the Bunyan-like key in which she opens her
wail : —

" Vpon ane day as I did monme full soir
With sindrie things quhairwith my saull was greifit,
My greif increasit, and grew moir, and moir,
My comfort fled, and could not be releifit ;
With heavines my heart was sae mischeifit,
I loathit my lyfe, I xiould not eit nor drink ;
I micht not speik, nor luick to nane that leifit,
Bot musit alone, and divers things did think.

" The wretchid warld did sa molest my mynde,
I thocht vpon this fals, and iron age ;
And how our harts were sa to vyce inclynde,
That sathan seimit maist feirfullie to rage ;
Nathing on earth my sorrow could asswage !
I felt my sin most strangelie to incres ;
I grevit my spreit, that wont to be my pledge.
My saull was drownit into maist deip distress."

In this style, brooding over her sins and the
wretchedness of the world, and longing to be at
rest, in cadences which also remind us of that con-
temporary plaint, the New Jerusalem Hymn, she
proceeds until wearied with the improvisings of a
deeply religious spirit she falls asleep, and in her
Dreame is visited by an angel, who interrogates
her as to the cause of her misery, and finding her
bent upon closing her pilgrimage, and attaining
at once to heaven, notwithstanding the perils of
the way, says : —

" Thou answeirs weill, I am content said hee,

To be thy guyde, bot see thou grip me fast."
Then follows the Dreamer's narration of her
spiritual flight : —

" Up I rais and maid na mair delaj',
My febill arme about his arme I cast ;
He went befoir and still did guyde the waj',
1 Thocht I was walk, my spiiet did follow fast,

2»* F. VIII. Oct. 15.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

313

Throw moss and myres, throw ditches deip we past,
Throw pricking thornes, throw water and throw fyre ;
Throw dreidful dennes, quhilk made my heart agast :
He buir me up quhen I begonth to tyro.

" Sumtyme we clam on craigie montaneig hie,
And sumtymes stayed on uglie brayes of sand ;
They war sa stay that wonder was to sie,
Bot quhen I feirit, hee held me by the hand :
Throw thick and thin, throw sea and eik be land.
Throw greit deserts wee wanderit on our way ;
Quhen I was walk, and had no force to stand.
Yet with ane luik tee did refresh me ay."

A glimpse of the celestial mansions is vouch-
safed by her guardian angel, but she is told that
many difficulties intervene before it can be
reached ; and, as a set-off to its glories, she has,
like Dante, to pass through the regions of dark-
ness. Arrived here, we have the following de-
scription : —

" Into that pit quhen I did enter in,
I saw ane sicht quhilk maid my heart agast ;
Puir damnit saullis, tormentit sair for sin,
In flaming fyre, were frying wonder fast ;
And uglie spreits ; and as we throcht them past.
My heart grew faint, and I begonth to tyre.
Or I was war, ane grippit me at last,
And held me heich above ane flaming fyre.

" The fyre was greit, the heit did piers me sair.
My faith grew walk, my grip was wonderous small ;
I trimbellet fast, my feir grew mair and mair,
My hands did shaik, that I him held withall ;
At lenth they lousit, than they begonth to fall,
I cryit, ' O Lord ! ' and caucht them fast agane ;
' Lord Jesus cum, and red me out of thrall.'
' Curage ! ' said he, ' and now thou art past the
payne ! ' "

At this point excess of fear caused the Dreamer
to awake from what the ancient ballad not inap-
propriately calls her wilde shreehinge dretne, and
the remainder of the book (in all sixty stanzas) Is
occupied with the exhortations of the pious writer
to a godly and devout life. J. O.

This curious old ballad, published originally in
1603, was reprinted in 1826, and forms a part of
that highly valuable collection entitled Early Me-
trical Tales, including the History of Sir Egeir,
Sir Gryme, and Sir Gray Steill, edited with a
preface by David Laing, Esq., Edinburgh, 12mo.
In the introductory notice prefixed to this volume
will be found much interesting information rela-
tive to the authoress (Mistress Elizabeth Melvil)
and her dream. Upon a reference also to Dr. John
Armstrong's (Launcelot Temple) Miscellanies, 2
vols. 12mo., 1770, will be found some little in-
formation in respect to the same. T. G. S.

Edinburgh.

BOTDELLS SHAKSPEAKE GALLERY.

(2"" S. viii. 50. 97.)
V. H. Q.'s Query and Mr. Bots's answer in-
duce me to offer some farther observations. Mr.

Boys mentions two catalogues, both of high ifi-
terest, but it remains to notice that which was in
use during the existence of the Gallery in Pall
Mall. This was a thick 12mo. volume, stitched
in blue covers, according to the fashion of that
day, its bulk being occasioned by quotations of
the passages in each play which the pictures were
intended to illustrate, many of them extending to
a whole scene. Like Mr. Boys, I visited the
Gallery in my younger days, which certainly was
a most interesting and instructive exhibition,
although probably two thirds of the pictures
would not now rank as specimens of high art.

It would be too much to expect that " N, & Q."
should contain what V. H. Q. suggests, — " A List
of the Artists employed, and the Subject each il-
lustrated," — but I will mention a few which I
best remember, by artists whose reputation re-
mains undiminished, as for instance : —

Reynolds. Macbeth, Scene 4. The Incanta-
tion Scene with Macbeth and the Witches.
Henry VI. The Death of Cardinal Beaufort ; and
Puck. Purchased at the sale by Mr. Rogers, and
I believe sold at the disposal of his collection.

West. Lear in the Storm ; and Ophelia in the
Mad Scene, Hamlet, Act IV.

Romney. The opening scene in the Tempest,
or rather, by painter's licence, the first and second
scenes amalgamated. The passengers and crew
of the sinking ship occupy close two- thirds of
the canvass, and Prospero and Miranda the re-
mainder.

Barry. Lear, with the dead body of Cordelia.

Fuseli. Hamlet and Ghost ; Prospero, Miranda,
and Caliban ; and two great gallery pictures of
the Fairy Scenes in the Midsummer Nighfs
Dream. These two pictures were afterwards at
Stowe, and I presume sold on the lamentable
break up of the contents of that noble mansion.

Opie. Talbot at the Castle of the Countess of
Auvergne. Henry VI., Part 1.

Northcote. Richard II. The Entry of Eichard
and Bolingbroke into London. This large and
conspicuous picture was, I believe, purchased by
the Armourers' Company for their Hall, where it
may still be, if the Hall still exists, but which
may be doubtful, as the old halls of the lesser
city companies are fast disappearing.

Hamilton, Westall, and Wheatley, all E.A.s,
were amongst the most numerous of the contri-
butors, but their productions would, I conceive,
be now but little regarded, although Hamilton's
Statue Scene in the Winter's Tale was a very
general favourite at the time.

V. H. Q. rightly observes that this was a bold
undertaking. If it had been merely the engage-
ment of the artists to paint the pictures, the outlay
must have been enormous : but this was only
laying the foundation : the main object was ta
have them all engraved by the first artists in that

314

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»4 S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.

line, in illustration of the splendid edition of the
plays, which was the professed object of the
scheme. The utter impossibility of carrying this
out, in any reasonable time, on a scale commen-
surate with what was held out in the prospectus,
and on the faith of which the subscriptions were
entered into, was the undoubted cause of its
failure as a pecuniary speculation. First-rate
line engravings were promised; there being at
that time but few hands in that line, and but few
of the prints appear to have been executed by
the best of them. Some of the line engravings
were such as would not now be tolerated ; and
the greater part of the large prints were executed
in that inferior style of stipple which about that
time had got into general practice. Some of tlie
worn-out impressions of this class, I apprehend,
are what are alluded to by Mr. Boys as " hideous
reproductions."

To compensate in some degree for this failure,
the Boydells obtained an Act of Pai'liaraent to
dispose of the Gallery by lottery. To the best of
my recollection the tickets were three guineas
«ach ; the great temptation being that there were
no blanks, the holder of each ticket being entitled
to receive prints to that value, by which means
the Boydells got rid of their heavy stock of im-
pressions from the plates, the catalogue of which
is secondly noticed in Mr. Boys's letter. One of
my sisters had a present of a ticket, for which
she got three prints, which together I aiii sure
would not have fetched 5s.

The great prize (I do not think there were any
on an intermediate scale) consisted of the pre-
mises in Pall Mall, with the pictures contained in
them. Mr. Tassie, of Leicester Square, was the
fortunate holder ; and it was on his account that
the sale by Christie took place which is men-
tioned in Mr. Boys's letter ; and it was no doubt
on this account that within a few years after-
wards Mr. Tassie relinquished the business long
carried on by him and his father before him, and
to which he left no successor or representative
that I ever heard of. That is a subject which I
was under the impression had been noticed in
some volume of yours not long since, but I cannot
find it. I should like to make it the subject of
some remarks; but if so, it must be at some future
time in a separate communication, the present
one having far exceeded what I had anticipated.

M. H.

FORGED ASSIGNATS.

(2"^ S. vi. 70. 134. 255.)
I am obliged by the various replies received
through the medium of "N. & Q." to my inquiries
on this subject. Mb. Penstone (p. 134.) thinks
the report of the case tried before Lord Kenyon to
Tae "very insufficient evidence" on which to re-

ceive a charge against the government of the
day. With all deference to his conclusion I would
just remark that the case (Strongi'th'arm v.
Lakyn) did not require to be probed farther as
against the government, inasmuch as the question
at issue was not the bona fides of the English go-
vernment, but a mere question of right or wrong
between the litigants. I take Lord Kenyon's
summing up to be strong confirmation, if not ab-
solute proof of the charge. Sir W. C. Trevel-
yan's assertion (p. 255.) that "the transaction
was managed for Mr. Pitt by Mr. (afterwards)
Alderman Magnay," is conclusive enough, and goes
far to vindicate that much vilified and occasionally
erring personage " it-is-said " from any sin of
invention or exaggeration. Sir W. C. T. states
that the paper was made at Haughton paper-mill
near Hexham ; but it is probable that more than
one manufacturer was engaged in the work, as I
find the following in the Financial and Monetary
History of England by Mr. Thomas Doubleday
of Newcastle. I may premise that Mr. D. is a
north counti'yman by birth, and must have had
ample means of verifying his assertions : —

"When he joined in the war Mr. Pitt had ' predeter-
mined to complete the discredit of the assignats by forg-
ing, and distributing the forgeries over France: which
he did. The consequence was that the assignats became
' waste paper,' and they may to this hour be seen pasted
against the walls of cottages in France as memorials of
tlie time they fell. This act of Pitt has been confidently
denied ; and it has been asserted that, if done, it was not
with the knowledge of the heads of the government.
Both denial and assertion are however false. In conse-
quence of the fraudulent dishonour of a bill of exchange
the whole was divulged in a court of law ; and the paper
of which the forgeries were made is now known to have
been manufactured by direct order ofgovernment at Lang-
ley paper-mill, situated near the city of Durham, a site
chosen probably for this purpose on account of its remote-
ness from the seat of government ; and indeed the whole
transaction was worthj' of the genius of the minister, who
was singularly destitute of militarj' notions excepting in
so far as they were intertwined with the pure question of
ways and means." — Pp. 134-135.

Mr. D.'s remark as to the reason for the choice
of Langley paper-mill for the manufacture will
apply with equal or greater fitness to the secluded
locality of Haughton, on the North Tyne. One
more authority is Dr. Belsham, who (in his His-
tory of England, published in 1805), says of the
failure of the Vendean expedition in 1794 : —

" A considerable sum in specie became likewise the pro-
perty of the captors, together with prodigious quantities
of assignats fabricated in England, and issued under the
mock authority of the infant monarch of France." — Vol.
V. p. 376.

If farther confirmation be needed by the ultra-
sceptical, I may add that I have this day con-
versed on this subject with a veteran naval ofiicer
of undoubted veracity, who tells me that he was
in Quiberon Bay with the ill-fated expedition to
La Vendee, and is perfectly clear as to the fact of

2«<» S. VIII. Oct. 16. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

315

the English fleet landing these forged assignats in
large quantities at dead of night. He says that
one boat's crew was caught in the fact, and gib-
beted in sight of the ships. He has also given
me the name of a brother officer, now or lately
resident in the South of England, as having been
employed in this particular service. I refrain
from giving these names here, as having no per-
mission so to do.

In conclusion, I would remark that it is scarcely
to be credited that any private firm would have
undertaken so extraordinary and dangerous a
business as the forgery and distribution of these
assignats without the complicity or sanction of
government; and not being skilled in Jesuitical
distinctions as to the exact share of blame to be
awards to principal or to agent, I am driven to
the conclusion that the memory of the " heaven-
born" Pitt must remain slurred with all the odium
that must attach to so disi-eputable an artifice.
Meanwhile, it is satisfactory to think that we have
made some progress in the morality of war since
that day. E. C. Robson.

Sunderland.

AUTHOH OF THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBBEWS.

(2"'^ S. viii. 247.)

The absence of an apostle's name, as author of
this Epistle, caused it to be disputed by some
who set it aside as not being one of St. Paul's
Epistles. (Euseb. H. E., iii. 3.) Its anonymous
character deprived it prima facie of claim to a
place in the canon. This objection, however, is
met by Pantaenus (Euseb. II. E., vi. 14.), who
says : —

" Since the Lord, who was the Apostle of the Almighty,
was sent to the Hebrews, Paul, by reason of his inferi-
ority, as if sent to the Gentiles, did not subscribe himself
an Apostle of the Hebrews, both out of reverence for the
Lord and because he wrote of his abundance to the
Hebrews, as a herald and Apostle of the Gentiles."

And Clemens Alexandrinus, the pupil of Pantsenus,
says (Euseb. H. E., vi. 14.) : —

" But it is probable that the title, Paul the Apostle, was
not prefixed to it. For as he wrote to the Hebrews, who
had imbibed prejudices against him, and suspected him,
he wisely guards against diverting them fron< the pe-
rusal, by giving his name."

If there had been an historical tradition on
which Pantaenus and Clement of Alexandria could
Lave relied, this would have been more satisfac-
tory than the reasons above given for the omission
of any apostolic character, or even any declara-
tion that it was written by command or permis-
sion of God or the church. Again, the style of
the Epistle to the Hebrews was early discovered
to vary from that of the thirteen acknowledged
Epistles of the Apostle Paul. To meet this ob-

jection, Origen (a.d. 185 — 253) admits (Euseb.
H. E., vi. 25.) that

" the style of the Epistle with the title ' to the Hebrews,'
has not that vulgarity of diction which belongs to the
Apostle, who confesses that he is but common in speech ;
that is, in his phraseologj-. But that this Epistle is more
pure Greek in the composition of its phrases, every one
will confess who is able to discern the difference of style.
Again, it will be obvious that the ideas of the Epistle are
admirable, and not inferior to any of the books acknow-
ledged to be apostolic. Every one will confess the
truth of this who attentively reads the Apostle's writings.
But I would say, that the thoughts (vo^/iora) are the
Apostle's; the diction, however, and phraseology Qh Se
^pao-ts Koi -i] vvvBea-i^) belong to some one who has recorded
(o.TTOMi'rjuoveuo-ai'Tds) what the Apostle said, and as one-
who noted down at his leisui'e ((rxoXio^pac^^o-ai'Tos) what
his master dictated. If, then, any church considers this
Epistle as coming from Paul, let it be commended for this,
for neither did those ancient men [^four or five generations
previous] deliver it as such without cause. But who it
was that really wrote the Epistle, God only knows ! The-
account, however, that has been current before us is, ac-
cording to some, that Clement, who was Bishop of Rome,
wrote this Epistle ; according to others, that it was writ-
ten by Luke, who wrote the Gospel and the Acts." " But,"'
adds Eusebius, " let this suffice on these subjects."

It was still an open question, then, in the Eastern
church at this period, whether St. Paul was or
was not the author of this Epistle. In the Latin
church, Irenseus and Hippolytus deny that it was
Paul's. (Stuart, i. 147. s. 16.) Jerome and Au-
gustine agree that the predominant opinion of
Christian churches was, that this Epistle was not
written by Paul. (Stuart, i. 154. s. 16. ; 157. s. 17.)
Stuart, who unfortunately omits the important
words above quoted, " the thoughts are the
Apostle's" (i. 127. s. 14.), considers Origen as re-
presenting Clement and Luke merely as amanu-
enses of Paul : but, if Origen so intended, why
did he use so solemn an expression on the subject
as " but who it was that really wrote the Epistle,
God only knows " ? Now the word used by
Origen, aTrofj.vrjfiovfvaai'rSs, is the same as Xeno-
phon uses in reference to Socrates : what we now
call memoirs Xenophon terms airofj.i'rjfj.ovfvfji.aTa.
Very probably Origen had Xenophon's Socratea
in his mind at the time. Xenophon has a just
claim to the diction, phraseology, and composition ;
but the thoughts in the main are those of Socra-
tes. Did Luke then, or Clement of Eome, take
the position of Xenophon herein ? As to Clement,
he has quoted passages from the Hebrews, without,
.however, as is his custom, naming his author.
Quoting from Hebrews then, as the work of an-
other, he cannot be himself the author.

With respect to Luke there is no doubt that,
in writing the Acts of the Apostles, he had op-
portunity of constant reference to St. Paul for his
facts ; and, being a Gentile, he would necessarily
represent to St. Paul the opinions he entertained
of Judaism from the Gentile point of view. There
were five years from the publication of the last

31G

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n* S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.

Epistle written by St. Paul (the Second to Ti-
mothy), prior to St. Paul's death, a. d. 68,
during which this subject might occupy the minds
of both. After the arduous life of the Apostle,
and with his ardent temperament, the thorn iu
the flesh may have brought the Apostle into a
state of bodily infirmity which rendered him in-
capable of extending the series of his Epistles.
But with Luke at hand (2 Tim. iv. 6—8. 11.),
whose style of composition may be estimated by
his introduction to his Gospel and by the latter
portion of the Acts of the Apostles, he had no
want of a writer capable of conveying his senti-
ments, so far as regarded style, in a way superior
to his own. The Epistle evidently wants, how-
ever, the final corrections of St. Paul. In the
parallel case of Socrates we may safely admit that,
but for Xenophon and Plato, we should have had
in the language of Socrates himself the same
thoughts probably, but not the same elegance of
diction or ability of composition. And as the in-
quirer will read Xenophon's Memorahilia to ascer-
tain the thoughts of Socrates, so he will read the
Epistle to the Hebrews, whether the composition
of St. Luke or not, for the opinions of St. Paul on
the important typical relation of the Jewish re-
ligion to the Christian dispensation therein de-
veloped. This opinion coincides generally with
that of Origen, LarduQr, Hue, Stier, Guerike, and
Davidson. The last author has examined the
several claims of Barnabas, ApoUos, Silas, &c.
(Litrod. N. T., iii. 163—259.), with greater ability
and fairness than Stuart, whose work, however,
18 very useful and ample in detail. Kuinoel's
Troleg. to Hehreios is succinct, yet comprehensive.

T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.

Eulenspiegel (2"'* S. vii. 455.) — The book
quoted from is Eulenspiegel im Neunzehnten
Jahrhundert oder Narrenwitz und Gimpelvms-
heit, Deutschland, gedrucht in diesem Jahr, pp.
272. At p. 98. is the chapter " Wie Eulenspiegel
Gesandtschafts-secretar wird." There is nothing
by which its date can be fixed, but from various
allusions I guess it to be about 1820. It is a
clever satire on the minor German courts, and
considering their aversion to be joked with, I
think the author had good reasons for not putting
his name or the printer's on the title-page. His
views in political economy are advanced for that
time, and he has much quiet humour ; but I can-
not discover, either in his matter or manner, any
resemblance to Haliburton. The character of the
well-meaning prince, who makes weak efforts to
break through routine, is capitally indicated. Sup-
posing the book to be little known I offer one
-example. Eulenspiegel, after he has failed to

please in diplomacy, becomes court-jester (Hof-
narr), and awakens the prince's suspicions that
his army is inefficient and badly managed : —

" Dei- Fiirst wurde zweifelhaft ; liess die hohen Gene-
rale kommen, und gab ihnen den ernsten Befehl, auf
Verbesserung des Kriegswesens zu denken. Sie hielteu
Sitzungen, und liessen manche Ordre an die Olfiziere
ergehn, des Dienstreglement genauer zu befolgen. Dana
bekamen die Grenadiere an ihren Barenkappen zwei
Klunkern, wo sonst nur eiue gehangen hatte." — P. 171.

FiTZHOPKINS.
Paris.

Charles Bailly, Secretary to Ma7'y Queen of
Scots (2°* S. viii. 267.) — There is a most in-
teresting memorial of the imprisonment of Charles
Bailly In the Tower of London, consisting of one
of the inscriptions cut Into the wall of one of the
prison chambers. . It is engraved in Bayley's
History of the Totcer. This Inscription is dated
10 September, 1571, and the readers of " N. & Q."
will at once recollect it from the following philo •
sopliic sentiment, which forms the principal part
of the inscription : —

" The most unhappy man in the world is he that is
not patient in adversities; for men are not killed with
the adversities they have, but with y^ impacience which
they suffer."

It is unnecessary to quote more of this inscrip-
tion, as a facsimile of the whole will be found In
Mr. Bayley's work, where also there is probably
(for I have not the book at hand) some account
of the prisoner. Geo. R. Cornek.

[The inscription is given in Bayley, p. 149., who adds
that " The unhappy young man who has left us these me-
morials (there are two inscriptions) was an adherent to the
interests of Mary Queen of Scots, and secretly engaged in
her affairs abroad, whilst she was a prisoner in England.
He appears to have been bj' birth a Fleming or Brabander,
and not, as his name and service would indicate, a Scotch-
man, though perhaps of Scotch extraction. In the earlj-
part of the year 1571, being dispatched into the country
by Eidolphi tlie Florentine, with letters in cipher for his
unfortunate mistress, and also for the Spanish ambassa-
dor, the Duke of Norfolk, the Bishop of Ross, and Lord
Lumley, on his arrival at Dover was seized and com-
mitted to prison, where he seems to have undergone the
greatest privations and misery. The packet of letters
came to the hands of Lord Cobham, governor of the
Cinque Ports ; but Ross had sufficient address to get pos-
session of it, and substitute another with less dangerous
contents, which was despatched to the council. Baillj',
for some time after his commitment to prison, contrived
to hold correspondence with the Scottish ambassador, and
from one of his letters we find that he once suffered the
tortures of the rack without making any material dis-
closure ; but his communications with Ross being cut off,
and having a promise from Lord Burghley that he should
be set at liberty without stain of his honour and credit, he
answered all the questions which his lordship put to him
.... Bailly seems to have received a good education,
and besides the English, to have been acquainted with
the Latin, French, Spanish, and Italian languages."]

The Suffragan Bishop of Ipswich (2°'^ S. viii.
225. 296.) — The date given by Tanner is that of

2'xi S. VIII. Oct. 15. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

317

Manning's institution in the church of Metting-
ham. It is certain that he was Suffragan Bishop
of Ipswich before that time. B. B. Woodwabd.

Scotch Genealogies: Jerningham Family (2"^
S. viii. 256.) — Under the first heading, a corre-
spondent, Wm. Matthews, asserts that " the
knightly predecessors of the Barons Stafford, of Cos-
tessey Hall, were for a long series of years known
by the designations of Sir George and Sir William
in alternate succession." This is not the fact. So
far from this being true, there have been only two
Sir Georges, and only one Sir William. The late
Lord Stafford was Sir George ; his father Sir
William, and his grandfather Sir George. The
present Lord's names are Henry Valentine.

F. C. H.

Carriage-hoot (2°'' S. viii. 238.) — A corre-
spondent refers to the word " boot" as an appen-
dage to a carriage. His observation has been
placed under Dean Trench's notice. In Oxoniana,
vol. iv. p. 220., is the following notice, enter-
taining in itself as a travelling anecdote, but
mentioned now from the statement underlined: —

" Oxford Flying Coach.
1669.
" Mondaj', April 26, was the first day that the flying-
coach -went f™^ Oxford to London in one day. A. W.
went in the same coach, having then a boot on each side.
Among the six men that went, Mr. Richard HoUoway, a
counsellor of Oxford (afterwards a judge) was one. They
then (according to the Vice-Chancellor's order, stuclc up
in all public places), entered into the coach at the tavern
door against All Souls Coll., precisely at six of the clock
in the morning, and at seven at night they were all set
downe at their inn at London. The occasion of A.
Wood's going to London was to carry on his studies in
the Cottonian Library', and elsewhere."

Francis Trench.
Islip.

Cibher^s Apology (2°* S. viii. 269.)— Your cor-
respondent will find the passage he inquires for
in Joseph Andrews, Book I. Chapter i. : —

" But I pass by these and many others (Histories of
Jack the Giant Killer, Guy of Warwick, fi^.), to mention
two books lately' published, which represent an admirable
pattern of the amiable in either sex. The former of
these, which deals in male virtue, was written by the
great person himself, who lived the life he hath recorded,
and is by many thought to have lived such a life only
in order to write it. The other is communicated to us
by an historian who borrows his lights, as the common
method is. from authentic papers and records. The
reader, I believe, already conjectures I mean the lives of
M"^. Colley Gibber, and M". Pamela Andrews. How
artfully doth the former, by insinuating that he escaped
being promoted to the highest stations in church and
state, teach us a contempt of worldly grandeur! how
strongly doth he inculcate an absolute submission to our
superiors ! Lastly, how completelj- doth he arm us against
so uneasy, as wretched a passion as the fear of shame !
how clearly doth he expose the emptiness and vanity of
that phantom, reputation ! "

F. S. will find other allusions to Colley Cibber

and his Apology scattered up and down the above
quoted novel (Book I. Chaps, iii., vii. ; Book
III. Chap, vi., end of Chap. xii. and heading of
Chap, xiii.) ; but although pretty well up in
Tom Jones, I remember no allusion to Cibber in
that novel. Libya.

Salford.

The passage in Fielding which F. S. wants is
not in T,om Jones, but in the first chapter of
Joseph Andrews. It is as follows : " Who lived
the life he hath recorded, and is by many thought
to have lived such a life only in order to write it."
They are much deceived who take their idea of
Cibber from Pope or Fielding. The Apology is
a most interesting work, and has little, if any,
more egotism and vanity than autobiographies in
general, and Fielding in the drama never came
near " The Careless Husband." In the quarrel
between them, Fielding was, I believe, the ag-
gressor. T. K.

Chatterton Manuscripts (2"^ S. viii. 234.) —
Having disdained a pseudonym in asking a ques-
tion of great literary interest, I find myself at a
disadvantage in replying to the rather strong
terms of your correspondent W. My Query re-
specting the Rowley papers was not quite so ex-
plicit as it ought to have been. No one could
reasonably doubt that Chatterton's father did ab-
stract from the Redcliff muniment room old deeds,
ancient copies of presentments and assessments,
&c., such documents as usually form the contents
of a parish chest ; but I have yet to learn that the
soil" ever exhibited a single scrap of literary mat-
ter, said to have been discovered there, which is
now believed to be genuine. The ingenious hy-
pothesis of W. has, however, effectually settled
the question, and " explained a thousand difiicul-
ties : " for, like Caleb Balderstone's celebrated
expedient to hide the Master of Ravenswood's
poverty, " this fire will settle mony things on an
honorable footing for the family's credit."

Strangers visiting the venerable church of St.
Mary Redcliff are, I believe, requested to sign
their names ; but it was a new inference that this
custom, which is common in many other places,
has any connexion with the " art and malice of
Walpole," or the " hatred and persecution " of
Chatterton by the " Corporation of Bristol," a cen-
tury ago.

As 1 am about to compare notes with Bristo-
LiENSis, in whom I have recognised a highly
valued acquaintance, a reply to his courteous
communication is unnecessary. Hugh Owen.

" The Royal Slave " (2'"i S. viii. 207.) — A
quarto edition of this play was published at
Oxford in 1639. I am not able to refer to it, but
would it not give the names of the performers ?

Cdthbert Bede.

318

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>"i S. VIII. Oct. 15. '5S

" Horn et Rimenhild ; " " Childe Horn " (2"^ S.
viii. 252.) — A splendid edition of the ancient
metrical romances of Horn and Rimenhild was
published in 4to. at Paris in 1845, by the Ban-
natjne Club, under the superintendence of M.
Francisque Michel. Mr. David Laing, the emi-
nent Scottish Antiquary, was secretary of the
club when the resolution to publish it at its ex-
pense was made; and his services in assisting
the editor, together with those of Sir Frederic
Madden and Mr. T. Wright, are gratefully ac-
knowledged by M. Michel. In a note the editor
states, with regret, that Mr. Wright had aban-
doned his intention of preparing the English ro-
mance for the Bannatyne edition, which would,
with his assistance, M. Michel modestly states,
have acquired a value to which in its present
form it cannot pretend. The Bannatyne edition
contains all the poems that are extant relative
to the adventures of Horn and Rimenhild, and
■written in the French, English, and Scottish lan-
guages, from the thirteenth to the sixteenth cen-
tury. Facsimiles are given of the MSS. in the
Bodleian Library, the British Museum, the Ad-
vocates' Library, Edinburgh, and the Public
Library, Cambridge. The Table Generate des
Matieres indicates the following as the contents
of the work : —

Page.

" J. Liste des Membres du Bannatyne Club - vii

2. Preface - - - - - xi

3. Roman de Horn et Rimenhild - - 1

4. The Geste of Kyng Horn - - - 257

5. Horn Child and Maiden Rimmild - - 339

6. Appendix. — English and Scottish Ballads

relating to Horn and Rimmild.
I. Young Hynhorn (from Cromek's Col-
lection) _ - . - S93
II. Hynde Horn (from Kinloch's Collec-
tion) - - - - 395

III. Hynd Horn (from Motherwell's Min-

strelsy Ancient and Modern) - 399

IV. Hynd Horn (from Peter Buchan's Col-

lection) - - - - 407

V. Hiltibraht enti Hadhubrant (from Lach-

mann's and Charles Roth's editions) 411 ,
Index et Glossaire du Pocme Fran90is - 417

Notes, Additions, et Corrections - - 461

A copious list of various readings is given
from the Cambridge MS., and from the MS. dis-
covered by Sir F. Madden. M. Michel expresses
also his obligations to his learned friend, M. Fer-
dinand Wolf, of Vienna, and to the president and
members of the Bannatyne Club for being at the
expense of publishing the work. The copy from
which I have collected the preceding information
is in the library of Sir Robert Tajlor's Institu-
tion. J. Mackay.
Oxford.

Faber v. Smith (2°'» S. viii. 87. 118. 157.) —In
his reply (p. 157.) Mr. Boys asks, " Is there no
way in which a man bearing the name of Smith
may possess individuality ? "

As, in the paragraph preceding this Query, Mr.
Boys half hints at a similar arrangement as the
one by which he refreshes his own memory as to
Smithian acquaintances, will he accept the follow-
ing solution of the difficulty, it being, we are told,
the plan resorted to by a (xerman society in Al-
bany for distinguishing the numerous " Smiths "
belonging to the institution ? They had —

Smit mit de brick-yard,
Smit mit de junk-shop.

Big Smit.

Little Smit.

Smit from de hill.

Smit from the holler.

Smit mit de store.

Smit de blacksmit.

Smit mit de lager bier shop,

Smit without any « vrow."

Smit wot wants a " vrow."

Smit mit one leg.

Smit mit two legs.

Smit mit de pigs.

Smit mit de pig head.

Smit mit de pig feet.

Smit mit de bolognas.
Smit mit one eye.
Smit mit two eyes.
Smit mit de bone-picker.
Smit mit two " vrows."
Smit mit de swill-cart.
Smit mit de segar stumps.
Smit mit peach pits.
Smit mit de whiskers.
Smit mit de red hair.
Smit mit no hair.
Smit.

Tallboys.

When we consider how ridiculously common
the name of Smith is, I think we can hardly fail
to come to the conclusion that there must have
been several origins of the name. Thus I think
it is easy to show that there were tivo distinct
branches at least, viz. the Saxon and the Celtic.
Verstegan says : —
" From whence cometh Smith, be he knight or squire,
Save from the Smith that worketh at the fire ? "

And I think with him that the Saxon name
Smith is doubtlessly derived from the " Smith
that worketh at the fire."

The Celtic family of Smith I consider to be
equivalent to the Gaelic Gow, and to be merely a
translation of it. The learned Mr. Lachlan Shaw,
in his History of Morayshire, when talking of the
Clan Chattan, includes the Smiths amongst the
families of the clan ; and in many books on the
Highlands I have met with notices of " Smiths of
the family of Mackintosh," Macpherson, &c. &c.

Besides these two sources there may have been
'many other origins of the name. I should like to
see this subject investigated. 2. ©^

JohnBaynes (2""^ S. viii. 269.)— The "one John
Baynes," mentioned by your correspondent, was
third wrangler, second Smith's prizeman, and first
chancellor's medallist, 1777; and became after-
wards a Fellow of Trinity College. He was a man
of sterling worth, marvellous acquirements, and
strongly independent character. As concerning
him our notes contain references to Biog. Brit.,
ed. Kippis, iv. Preface ; Cens. Lit. vi. 428. ;
Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iv. 424. ; Ewo-
pean Mag., xii. 140. 167. 369. 439., xiii. 16.;
" Fruits of Endowment," Gent. Mag., Ivi. (2)
1138.; lix. (2), 917, 918.; Ixxv. 1141.; Monk's
Life of Bentley, n. 423. n. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecd.,
vi'ii. 113—115. ; W\cho\&'s Illnstr. of Lit., v\ii. 145. f

2=3 S. VIII. Oct. 15. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

319

Notes and Queries, xii. 2—4. ; Life of Sir Samuel
Romilhj; Watkins's Biog. Diet; Whitaker's Cra-
ven, 363, 364. C. H. & Thompson Coopee.
Cambridge.

Etymology of the word Battens (2"* S. viiL 249.)
— Before we can make anything of tlie derivation
of this word, we must look a little into its history.
The term latten appears to have had formerly a
close connexion with button. For batten Johnson
refers to Moxon, whom we find first using the
word in 1678. " Batten. Is a Scantling of Stuff"
either two, three or four Inches broad : and is
seldom above an Inch thick : and the Length un-
limmitted." {Mechan. Exercises.') Aga,m, ^' Batton
in merchandise " is stated to be " a name given to
certain pieces of wood or deal for flooring or other
purposes." (Encyc. Brit. 1842.) Moreover, ac-
cording to Wright, these two terms, batton and
batten, are convertible. " Batton. In commerce,
pieces of wood or deal for flooring, or other pur-
poses, also called batten." {Univ. Pron. Diet.)

But supposing batton and batten to be thus only
the same word under different forms, what of
their etymology ? Batton is derived by Webster
from bat, and bat from the Saxon. (" Bac, Bate.
Fustis. a bat or club." Lye.) According to Ogil-
vie, however, batton in Spenser signifies " a baton
or club " (Supplement), which leads us off" quite in
another direction, and brings us to the Fr. baton,
old Fr. baston. All we can say is that both the
Fr. baton and the Sax. bat have perhaps a com-
mon origin from some older root. Cf. Lat. batva,
to beat, "a ^nriio, quod Delphorum lingua est
Trareco, calco." (Ainsworth.) Menage, however,
derives the Lat. batuo from the Gr. trarAffcroi ; and
as to the origin of the. old Fr. baston and It. bas-
tone the differences are endless. Thomas Bots.

Rustic Superstition (2"'^ S. viii. 243.) — The
author of Adam Bede, in the passage quoted by
A, evidently refers to a superstition prevalent in
many parts of Britain, and preserved to us in an
aphoristic form in the following distich : — ^

"Happy is the wedding that the sun shines on ;
Blessed is the corpse that the rain rains on."

Otherwise thus : —

" Sad is the burying in the sun shine ;
But blessed is the corpse that goeth home in rain."

The moon is said to be like a boat when the
horns seem to point upwards ; and there is a
very prevalent opinion in this county, not con-
fined entirely to the uninstructed, that at the
period when the moon is thus situated, there will
be no rain. Southey notices this piece of folk-
lore in one of his letters, and furnishes us with
a quaint reason for it.

"Poor Littledale has this day explained the cause of
our late rains, which have prevailed for the last five
weeks, by a theory which will probably be as new to you
as it is to me. ' I have observed,' he says, ' that when

the moon is turned upwards, we have fine weather after
it, but Avhen it is turned down, then we have a wet
season; and the reason I think is, that when it is turned
down, it holds no water, like a bason, j'ou know, and
then down it comes." — Letter to G. C. Bedford, Esq.,
Dec. 29, 1828. (Life and Correspondence of It. Southey,
edited bt/ his Son, Rev. C. C. Southey, vol. v. p. 341.)

Edward Peacock.
Bottesford Manor, Brigg, Lincolnshire.

Booh Inscriptions (passim). — In a MS. copy of
the " Register of the Titles of a Collegiate Church
in St. Thanew's Gate, Glasgow," which belonged
to the deceased John Dillon, S.S.C., F.S.S.A., a
learned legal antiquary, and one of the sheriffs
of Lanarkshire, whose large valuable library was
disposed of in Glasgow by public sale in No-
vember, 1831, occur the following Notes: —

" This bulk ressauit be me fra Mr. James Wardlaw, con-
tenane fiftie ane leiffis of parchment, to be delivered be
me to him again ye raorne. Subscryvit with my hand
at Edinburgh the xxi day of December four score twelf
yeirs." (sic?)

" James Streveling."
" Hie liber pertinet,
To beir it veil in mj'nde,
Ad me Magistrum Jacobum Wardlaw,
Baith courtas and kynd.
Si quisquis invenerit,
To give it him again,
Habebit pecunium,
The quhilk sal mak him fain."

" Gulielmus Auchenlek
Give gloir to God."
The care, and punctuality in returning, of these
ancient book borrowers may well serve for an
example even in modern times, so often miserably
infringed. Mr. Wardlaw had likely been a cau-
tious, yet obliging lawyer, who knew the value of
never lending any of his buiks and papers except
upon a receipt. G. N.

Somersetshire Poets (2"'i S. viii. 204. 258.) — I
am persuaded that Somersetshire may claim the
honour of the birth of Southey. My mother and he
were playmates in early childhood, and as he then
lived in Redcliff" Street, on the Somersetshire side
of the Avon, it is most probable that he was born
in that same locality. F. C. H.

The "-History of Ireland" (2'"^ S. viii. 250.) —
The author of that curious " History of Ireland "
forming vol. xlii. of The Modern Pai't of an Uni-
versal History, was the notorious but erudite
impostor George Psalmanazar, inventor of the
Formosan Alphabet and Grammar.

W. J. Fitz-Patrick.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

jKett's Rebellion in Norfolk; being a History of the Great
Civil Commotion tJiat occurred at the Time of the Reformation
in the Reign of Edward VL, founded on the " Commoyson

320

NOTES AND QUERIES.

2°d s. VIII. Oct, 15. '59.

in 1549," by Nicholas Sotherton, and the " De Furoribus
Norfoldensium " of Nevylle, and corroborated ly Extracts
from the Privy Council Register, Documents preserved in
the State Paper and other Record Offices, the Harleian and
other MSS. ; and Corporation Town and Church Records.
By the Rev. F. W. Russell, M.A., F.S.A., &c. With Il-
lustrations. (Longman & Co.)

Before we have a General History of England, written
with all the accuracj' and precision demanded by the
greatness of the subject, we must have manj' such His-
torical Monographs as that to which we are now about to
invite public attention. The leisure of nine years which
the Rev. F. W. Russell has devoted to the study and in-
vestigation of one historical event— certainly one of great
moment — has produced a volume which will be perused
with great satisfaction by the general reader as a pleasant
narrative of the events of that stirring period in English
history in which Kett and his followers played a by no
means unimportant part : and we beg the general reader
not to be misled by its ample title-page into the error of
believing the book to be but a bundle of dry bones. It is
nothing of the sort. It is pleasant and readable ; while
at the same time it contains such an important mass of
historical documents and evidence, drawn from every
available source of information, as to make it a contribu-
tion of the highest value to all future writers upon these
eventful times. We ought not to omit one word in praise
of the illustrations.

Handbook of the Geography and Statistics of The Church.
By J. E. T. VViltsch. Translated from the German by
John Leitch, Esq. With a Preface by the Rev. F. D.
Maurice, M.A. Vol. I. (Bosworth & Harrison.)

The pages of " N. & Q." have frequently given evi-
dence of the want of some satisfactory work on the
Geography of the Church. When lecturing on Eccle-
siastical History at King's College, some years since.
Professor Maurice felt this want ; and as Wiltsch's Hand-
buch seemed to meet his requirements better than any
other which he could hear of, he suggested to Mr. Leitch,
the well-known translator of O. MuUer's Introduction to a
Scientific System of Mythology, that he would be doing
good service to English students by placing an English
translation of Wiltsch within their reach. The result
is now before us ; and when we see the vast amount of
useful information which German industry has here
collected together, we readily agree with the opinion
expressed by Mr. Maurice that Mr. Leitch has conferred a
very great benefit upon schools, universities, and private
students by his enterprise, and that there can be no
doubt that ecclesiastical history will be studied with far
greater profit by those who have this handbook at their
side. The work will be completed in two volumes. The
present brings down the history of the Church to the
year 1073, and is made complete, as far as it goes, by a
very full Index.

Books Received. —

The Bye Lanes and Downs of England, with Turf
Scenes and Characters. By Sylvanus. Third Edition
revised. (Bentley.)

A cheap reprint of a very pleasant chatty volume on a
subject in which every English country gentleman feels
more or less interest.

British Ferns and their Allies : an Abridgment of " The
Popular History of British Ferns." By Thomas Moore,
F.L.S. Illustrated by W. S. Coleman. (Routledge &
Co.)

If Mr. Moore is the especial Historian of British Ferns,
Messrs. Routledge are the especial publishers of works
on Natural History for the Million. Here we have for
a shilling an instructive, well written, and well illustrated
book on Ferns ! What can go bevond this ?

Lord Byron's Poetical Works. Murray's Complete Edi-
tion. Parts VIII. and IX. (Murray.)

The publication of Mr. Murray's Complete and remark-
ably cheap edition of Byron is thus brought to a close
by the issue of the eighth and ninth Parts. We are glad
to find that it is to be followed by an equally cheap edi-
tion of Moore's Life of the wayward poet.

The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore. People's Edi-
tion. Part VII. (Longman & Co.)

This seventh Part contains. Corruption and Intolerance ;
Sceptic; Twopenny Post Bag; and Satirical and Hu-
morous Poems. Some of the latter seem to grow more
bitter by age.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Boate's (Dr. G.) Ireland's Natitr At HisToRv. London. 1652. l2mo.

First Annual Report of the Chqrch Education Society for Ire-
land. 1810. 8vo.

Dublin University Calendar akd Examination Papers, for 1836,
1845,1848,1849,1852,1853,1854. 12mo.

Transactions op the Kilkenny Arch^ological Society. Vol. I.
Part I. 1849. 8yo.

IiocGH Fea. 4to. London. 1859.

CnoRCH Missionary Intelligencer. Vols. I. & 11. 1849 — 1850. 8V0.
Wanted by Sev. B. II. Blacker, Rokeby, Blackrock, Dublin.

Miscellaneous Letters and Essays on several Subjects. 8vo. C.

Gildon. 1694.

Wanted by Charles Wylie, 50. Devonshire Street, Portland Place, W.

Hatton's New View op London. 1708. 2 Vols. 8to. Or the 2nd volume

only.
Baines' History, Directory, and Gazetteer op County Palatine

OF Lancaster. 2 Vols. Svo. 1824. Or the 2nd volume only.

ReAy's Hi;TOKY OP THE REBELLION, 1715.

Wanted by G. Bishop, 3. Rennet's Hill, Doctors' Commons.

Sowerby's English Botany. Vols. XXVII. to the end.

KiRBY AND SpENCe's EntOMOLOOY. Vol. III.

The Confessyon op the Faythb op the Garmaynes. Lond. 1536. An
imperfect copy, or folios 12. and 13.

Wanted by W. George, 29. Bath Street, Bristol.

fiatitti t0 Car«iSji0ntfmW.

We are compelled to postpone until next week many articles of great
interest, and notices to several correspondents.

H. Q. J. DE S. villi find a complete copy of the Carol —
" As it fell out on May Morning "
in Mr. Sandys' admirable Christmas Carols (ed. 1833), p. 149.

SiRKAR Ka Nakor. Where can loe address a letter to this correspon-
dent r

A. B. Me5ham. Philemon Holland's translation ofLivy, 1600, fol. sold
)tdt Sir M. M. Sykes's sale for 31. 8s.; this loas King James's copy; off
Steevens's sale it fetched only \Zs. 6d.

Enquirer. Richard Cromwell, son of the Protector, died lith Jiilif,
1712, and loas buried at Hursley, near Winchester. He is merely noticed
among other members of the family on a monument in the chancel of
Hursley church. See Noble's (jromwell, i. 361.

Ymovynydd. For notices of ilie Court of the Marches of Wales, see
" N. & Q." Ist S. V. 30. 135. 189. 445.; X. 306.

Errata. — 2nd S. viii. p. 233. col. ii. 11 lines from bottom, for " pre-
sent time" read "present work;" p. 257. col. i. 1.7. /or "the father
of whom " read " the latter of whom."

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
yearly Index) is Us. id., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of Messrs. Bell and Daldy,186. Fleet Street, E.G.-, to whom
all CoMHUNicATioHs FOR THE Editor sAouki &e addresscd.

B

ENSON'S WATCHES.

" Perfection of mechanism. " — Morning Post.

Gold, 4 to 100 guineas : Silver, 2 to 50 guineas. Send 2 Stamps for
1 Benson's Illustrated Watch Pamphlet. Watches sent to all parts of
the World Free per Post.

33. and 34. LtlDGATE HILL, London, E.G.

2'"i S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

321

LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22. 1869.

N". 199. — CONTENTS.

NOTKS: — Forgeries on Banyan, by George Offor, 321 —John Bunyan
and " the Pilgrim's Progress," &c., 322 _ De Guileville's " Pilgrimage
of the Soul," lb. — Probation Lists of Merchant 'laylors' School— No.
3., by Rev. Charles J. Robinson, M.A., /6. — Prince of Wales in Ox-
ford, by Rev. F. Trench, 323 — Sir William Ussher, 324 _ Sir Amyas
Paulett and Sir Drue I)rury,76. — Kiric Session Records, 125.

Minor Notes : — Careless Writing and Odd Result— Sponge or Spanish
Cakes — Charm for cutting Teeth — Lynching by Women in Oldea
Time — Bobyll and the Cardinal's Hat, 326.

QUERIES : —Poem on the French War, by Joshua Leavitt, 327.

Minor Qceries: — Francis Burgersdicius — Bulse — James Anderson
— Grinding Old People Young —Drummondof Colquhalzie— The
Combat between the Dukes of Norfolk and Hereford — Quotation —
Joseph of Exeter's Poem, entitled " Antiocheis," ifec, 327.

Minor Qokrtes with Answers:- Vindicta Bernardi — Jetonniers —
Aylward Family Crest — The Duchess of Marlborough— i'aul Gem-
scge — Bible, Misprint in Seventh Commandment, 329.

REPLIES: — Henry Smith, by Rev. J. Eastwood, &c.,S30 — London in
1558, 331 —Bacon's Essays, 332 — Bearded Women, by P. Hutchinson,
333 — Soul, by T. J. Buckton, 334 — Early Editions of Foxe's Book of
Martyrs, by Nicholas Pocock,«:c.,/6.

Replies to Minor Queries : — Sir Robert le Gris — Alderman Hart —
Baron of Beef at Windsor— Mr, Abdias Ashton of St. John's Coll.

Camb Sutt'ragiin Bishop — Sir William and Sir Richard Weston-

Actresses ennobled by Marrias e— Duchess of Bolton—Termination in
■' -ness " — Cross and Candlesticks on Super- Altar — Lord Nithsdale's
Escape — Schuyler— Gay's Works, &c., 337.

Monthly Feuilleton on French Books.

FORGERIES ON JOHN BUNYAN.

The Editor of the first complete edition of all
Bunyan's works reprinted accurately from the ori-
ginal editions, which were corrected by the author,
is desirous of giving as perfect a list as possible
of all the books which have been published under
his name or initials, or with titles intended to de-
ceive the public into a belief that works with
which he was not in the slightest degree con-
nected were written by him ; the popularity of
his name ensuring a large sale to such forgeries.
He denounced this iniquity prior to his decease in
1688 on the reverse of the title-page to the third
edition of One Thing is Needful, and other poems,
by John Bunyan, in these words : —

" Advertisemetit. This Author having Publish'd many
Bookij which have gone oflf very well : There are certain
Ballad-sellers about Newgate, and on London- Bridge, who
have put the two first letters of this Author's name and
his Effigies to their Rhimes and Ridiculous Books, sug-
gesting to the World as if -they were his : Now know,
that this Author publisheth his Name at large to all his
Books ; and what you shall see otherwise he disowns."

Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." add to
the following list ? —

1. The Saints' Triumph, or the G\ory of the Saints with
Jesus Christ. Describing the Joys and Comforts a Be-
liever reaps in Heaven after his painful Pilgrimage and
Sufferings on Earth. By J. B., with Bunyan's portrait
on the title. Small 4to. pamphlet. J. Blare, Looking Glass
on London Bridge, 1689.

2. The Second Part of the Pilgrim's Progress, 1683. De-
dicated to Jehovah by T. S. Frontispiece, two clergymen
in full costume, one sleeping. Bunyan published his Se-
cond Part in 1684. Query, who was T. S. ?

3. The Pilgrim's Progress, the Third Part. London

Bridge, 1693. The preface is signed J. B. J. Eyiand
considered this as inferior to Bunjan as a piece of hop-
sack is to the finest cambrick, or a daub to a Titian. It
has also very indelicate passages, and to it was appended
a life of Bunyan containing a paragraph about the ran-
ters so indecent that a new life was written for the
fourth edition, 1700. In the reprint of the old life, by*
Mr. Ivimey, the bad part was omitted. Querj% who was
the author of the book, or of either of the lives ?

4. An Exhortation to Peace and Unity among all that
fear God. The late Mr. Robinson of Cambridge has
fully proved that this was not from the pen of Bunj'an.
It has been published in every edition of his works.
Query, Is there any edition of it before Buuj-an's death,
1688? The first that I have seen is in the .second edition
of the Barren Fig Tree, 1688. This has a black border
round the title-page, it being published after the author's
death.

5. The Visions of John Bunyan; being his Last Re-
mains, giving an Account of the Glories of Heaven, and
the Terrors of Hell. Midwinter, London Bridge. No
date, but after the accession of George I.

This is a verbal reprint, preface and all, of "the World
to Come, the Glories of Heaven and the Terrors of Hell
Lively displaj'ed under the Similitude of a Vision." By
G. L. 4>ika.v9ptanoi, GwiUim, 1711. G. L. was George Lar-
kin, a friend of Duntoa's, who mentions the book in his
Memoirs.

6. Hearts-Ease in Heart Trouble by J. B., a servant of
Jesus Christ, 1G9I, republished in 1728 by J. B., Minister
of the Gospel, with a Hebrew motto on the title. This
book was written by James Burdwood, a Nonconformist
minister ejected from St. Patrick's, Dartmouth [Palmer's
Noncon. Memorial']. It is dated " From the house of my
pilgrimage March, 1690, Bunyan having long before en-
tered upon his house eternal in the heavens. In 1762 it
was published under the name of John Bunyan, and
went through many subsequent editions; one even by
the Tract Society, but was soon withdrawn. The third
page exhibits a sentence diametricallj' opposed to Bun-
yan's sentiments. " We are always too prone to fall into
extreams; to sin either in excess or in defect, too much,
or too little; we are faulty both ways." What a slan-
der to charge Bunj'an with saying, men sinned too little !

7. The Riches of Christ or the Glorious Treasure of
Heavenly Joys, Exhortations to Repentance, with a de-
vout Prayer. By J. Bunyan, Edinburgh, 1741, 12mo., 8
leaves.

8. The new Pilgrim's Progress, or a Pilgrimage to
Greatness, under the Similitude of a Dream. By John
Bunyan, 2 lines (rom Horace, 1756, 8vo. A political squib
supposed to be aimed at Walpole. It passed through
several editions.

9. Bunyan's Shove. A copy of the title and date re-
quested.

10. The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Mar-
riage State. By J. B., minister of the Gospel ; frontis-
piece, the sleeping portrait inscribed John Bunyan of
Bedforde. Printed /or the Author, 1775.

The foulest and most unfounded slander upon the
fair fame of Bunyan has been recently published
in the Freemans Journal, in which it is asserted
that Bunyan copied his Pilgrim's Progress nearly
verbatim from an old Popish work on purgatory,
called The Pilgrimage of the Soul, which com-
mences after the body is dead, and goes through
all the imaginary pains of that fraudulent inven-
tion so profitable to the priest, called purgatory,
scarcely one sentence in which has the slightest

322

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2»dS. VIII. Oct. 22.'o9.

similarity to Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, ex-
cepting that it is a dream. George Offob.

, JOHN BUNYAN AND "THE PILGRIMS PROGRESS.

I beg to hand you a cutting from the Dublin
Freeman of September 29.

" An interesting literary discovery has just been
brought to light. It was asserted some time ago that
Bunyan, who wrote the Pilgrim's Progress, was an im-
postor, and that the whole story was made up from an
ancient manuscript. Several erudite members of the
Eeformed Church wrote letters to the newspapers, de-
nouncing the libel, and claiming for honest John Bunyan
the whole credit of having conceived and written the famous
Progress. Miss Catharine Isabella Gust has, however,
taken up the gauntlet thrown down b}' Dr. Gumming
and other admirers of Mr. Bunyan, and has shown, be-
yond all possibility of doubt, and on the most irrefragable
evidence, that Bunj'an, the ' star of Protestantism,' was
a mere duffer, and a shabbj', unprincipled duflFer into the
bargain. She has published (this day) a translation
from the French manuscript copy in the British Museum
of the Pylgremage of the Sowle, by Guillaume De Guile-
ville, a churchman who flourished in the fifteenth cen-
tury. The original work Avas translated in Eugland 70
3'ears before the Reformation, and was printed by Caxton
in 1483. The Bunj'an's Pilgrim's Progress is nearly a
verbatim copy of this rare work, with a few alterations
here and thei-e, to give it the tinge of originality ! I have
the work before me as I write, and when it reaches your
hands j'ou will be able to judge what measure of credit
John Bunyan is entitled to. The fact can no longer be
disputed that John Bunj'an, of pious memorj', was nothing
more nor less than a literary swindler, and that the sub-
lime sentiments enunciated in the Progress •vr&ra not those
of an inspired follower of the * reformed faith,' but of a
Catholic divine who lived and died long before John
Bunj-an saw the light — whose work was translated by
Catholic pens, and printed by Catholic hands, in the
little printing room called ' j-e presse closet,' within the
precincts of the abbey church of Westminster, on the
very spot where the new Victoria Hotel now stands, and
that John Bunyan had no more to do with its production
than you or I ! The saints will be savage to think that
for two centuries they have been lavishing so much
praise upon an imposition ; but facts are stubborn things,
and even the most incredulous must believe, when the
original Pylgremage of the Sowle is placed in their hands,
and compared with the modest and veracious publication
of Mr. John Bunyan, whom Heaven forgive for his un-
bscrupulous audacity."

If the facts be as stated, I think they cannot
be too generally known : if, on the other hand, the
statement can be contradicted, or is susceptible of
qualification, some of your numerous correspon-
dents may be in a position to do so. G. P.

[This is a most disgraceful piece of misrepresentation,
in which it is difficult to say whether religious bigotry
or unscrupulous mendacity has the preeminence. Miss
Cust did not " take up the gauntlet thrown down by Di-.
Gumming and other admirers of Mr. Bunj-an." The Pil-
grim's Progress, so far from being " nearl}' a verbatim
copy " of the Pilgrimage of the Soid, really contains only
such occasional resemblances as are almost inevitable
from the similarit3' of their subject, both De Guileville
and Bunj'an being indebted for the idea to the Apoca-
lypse. The late Mr. 'N'athaniel Hill, who had devoted

many years to the study of the works to which he
thought Bunj'an had been indebted, speaking of De
Guileville's Pilgrimage of Man (which is really the
work which Pilgrim's Progress most resembles), says ex-
pressly, " that the allegory which becomes in the hands of
Bunj'an a fascinating narrative full of vitality and Chris-
tian doctrine, is in the work of De Guileville only a cold
and lifeless dialogue between abstract and unembodied
qualities : " and few, we think, who will take the trouble to
compare the two books (and the admirers of John Bun-
j'an can well afford to invite such comparison), will hesi-
tate in deciding that the epithets " shabbj-, unprincipled
duffer," and " literary swindler," do not apply to the
author of The Pilgrim's Progress, however correctly they
maj' describe the writer of false and scandalous charges.
As the correspondent of the Freeman's Journal professes
to have had Miss Gust's book before him when he penned
this tissue of untruths, we may fitly conclude in his own
words, " whom Heaven forgive for his unscrupulous au-
dacitj'."— Ed. « N. & Q."]

De Guileville's ^^ Pilgrimage of the Soul" (2"'^ S.
viii. 268.) — Anon, wishes to know what became
of a MS. verse translation formerly possessed by
Mr. Gillies."^ There are several in the British
Museum, and Caxton's edition of 1483. Probably
one of these may be that now sought for. But
what makes Anon, dream that John Bunyan ever
saw that curious book, or had it in prison ? He
could not have read it ! Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro-
gress is that of a man from his conviction of sin
until he dies. The Pilgrimage of the Soul com-
mences where Bunyan ends ! and shows the soul's
horrid state for thousands of years in purgatory,
until released on the intercession of the Virgin
Mary. A fair analysis of this book is in my in-
troduction to the Pilgrim. The Freeman's Jour-
nal has circulated a most unfounded slander in
saying that Bunyan copied Guileville. The two
books are open to the public, in the British
Museum, and give an utter denial to the asser-
tion. George Offob.

PROBATION LISTS OF MERCHANT TAYLORS' SCHOOL.
NO. III.

111. Robotham) ai^^™„„ fb. 1686.

112. Thomas J '^'^^'^'^y 1 b. 1692.

113. Moses Allington, b. 1666.

(N"o doubt brother of Marmaduke A., M.P.)

114. Edward Amhurst, b. 1698-9.
(Younger brother of Nicholas Amhurst.)

115. Townsend Andrews, b. 1702.

116. Timothy Archer, b. 1631.

* Guileville wrote three treatises, called " Le Romant
des trois Pelerinages : le premier est de I'homme durant
qu'est en vie ; le second de I'ame seperee du corps ; le
tiers est de notre Seigneur Jesus," written 1330, printed
at Lj'ons, 1485. Never published together in English.
Caxton printed Tlie Pilgrimage of the Soul in 1483.
Fawkes printed the first, The Pilgrimage of 3fan, about
1505. So rare as to be unknown to Dibdin, there is a
copy at Oxford. Miss Cust used a MS. of this in the
Museum.

g"-" S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

323

117.
118.
119.
120.

121.

122.
123.

124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.

130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135,

136.

137.
138.
139.
140.

141.

142.
143.

144.
145.
146.
147.

148.

149.

150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.

157.
158.
159.

160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.

Thomas Atterburv, b. May 23, 1683.
Randolph Barkerj b. 1681,
Brian ) Tin„fi,„.>, f b. 1682.
Gregory) ^^"'^^'^'"ib. 1719.

(Both were, no doubt, related to the Economist.)
Andrew Bethune, b. 1705.

(Possibly B.A. of Balliol College, 1724.)
John Blacstone, b. Sep. 23, 1713.
.John Bramestone, b. Sep. 29, 1696.

(Was he B.A. of Catharine Hall, Camb., 1716?)
John Buckingham, b. 1717.
Thomas Burgoyne, b. 1721.
.Julius CiEsar, b. June 16, 1709.
Nicholas ) p„„f..n f b. 1675.
Thomas } ^""^"^^^ 1 b. 1665.
Thomas Carow, b. Dec. 10, 1602.

(Was this Thos. Carew of Tower Hill, the poet?)
Jacob ) ru„i^„,„ fb. 1598.
Theodore l*^^*^<''^^'^ib. 1674. •
Ephraim Child, b. 1595.
Robert Codrington, b. 1633.
Owen Crane, b. 1635.
Andrew Crisp, b. 1665.

(Of Merton and Oriel Colleges, Oxford.)
Nathaniel Danse, b. 1735.

(Afterwards Sir N. D. Holland, Bart., M.P., the

eminent and eccentric painter.)
John Deering, b. 1637.
Baldwin Duppa, b. 1681.
Marmaduke Etty, b. 1715.
Francis Feme. (No date given.)

(Fell, of S. John's, Cambridge, Master of Wisbech

School, Preb. of Ely, d. 1713.)
Francis Ferrand, b. Mar. 5, 1601.
Archibald Floyer, b. 1689.
Henry Hankey, b. 1700.

(Sir Henry H., Knt., Alderman and Sheriff of

London.)
Edmund Hayles, b. 1605.
Christopher Howell, b. 1617.
Stephen Jenour, b. Dec. 25, 1640.
Abraham Jordan. (At school, 1654.)

(Query. Fell, of Trin. Coll., Cambridge?)
Thomas Meux, b. 1663.

(Of Stoughton-Manor, heir to his brother-in-law,

Sir Wm, Massingbeard, Bart.)
Christopher Minshull, b. 1686.

(Probably nephew of Christ. M., Divinity Beadle at
Oxford, who died 1681.)

Anthony K., f b. 1596.
Ezekiel j ^^^'^'^ j^_ ^-g.^

John Nelthorpe, b. 1662.

Christopher^ (h. March 6, 1686.

Edmund ' p^ , J b. 1689.

Graves ( ^^*^'^ 1 s. a. at school, 1692.

Richardson J Cb. 1682.

(The last-named Avas Fellow of S. John's, and a
barrister ; afterwards a major in the army, and a
writer of some distinction. He died 1728.)

Thoroton Pocklington, b. 1735.

Fairfax Rashfield, b. 1705.

Philip Rashleigh, b. Nov. 25, 1695.

(Afterwards M.P. for Liskeard. Died 1736.)

Henry] r.„ , „ fb. 1716.

John^}^<^«'l^° {b.l713.

Nicholas f «<.^k.,.,. 1 b. Mar. 27, 1608.
Richard 1 Sa">borne | ^^ ^^gg^

Christopher Sandes, b. Mar. 3, 1038.
William Shuckburgh, b. 1734.
Samuel Shuckford, b. 1730.

107. Nathaniel Stackhouse, b. 1734.

168. Thomas Swadlin, b. 1640.

(Query, D.D. of S. John's, Oxford, imprisoned in
Gresham College? Died 1669.)

169. George Tuke, b. Aug. 1610.

(Was this Sir Geo. T. of Cressing Temple ?)

170. Edward Turpin, b. Aug. 25, 1601.

171. Robert Walgrave, b. 1596. (Son of the printer?) '

172. Lancelot Whitehall, b. 1665.

173. Samuel Winstanley, b. 1695.

Charles J. Robinson, M.A,

Sevenoaks. Kent.

NOTE ON FORMER PRINCES OF WALES, CHIEFLY
IN CONNEXION WITH OXFORD.

The Prince of Wales's residence at Oxford will
naturally recal attention to previous instances in
English history when the heir apparent of the
throne was at that University. Those who wish
to refresh their memory on the subject with re-
jrard to Edward (commonly called the Black
Prince) will find a pleasing and graphic state-
ment on his Oxford life, as a member of Queen's
College, at p. 102. (2nd ed.) of the Rev. A. P.
Stanley's Historical Memoirs of Canterhury. The
passage is too long for extraction, but that is less
to be regretted, as the book is in so many hands.

From a less known work I extract an interesting
and curious notice, entitled " Henry Vth,, where
Educated " : —

" Henrj- the Fifth is said by Milner, in his History of
Winchester, on the authority of Stowe, to have received
his education at New College, under the tuition of his
uncle. Cardinal Beaufort, who was at that time Chan-
cellor of the University. Tradition, however, has gene-
rally given the honour to Queen's, and this tradition ia
supported by Holinshed and Speed.

" Hearne affirms that he was educated at Queen's, and.
not (as John Stowe mistakes) in New College.

" ' John Ross, or Rowse,' he adds, ' assures us that his
chamber was over the great gate of the Colledge, just
opposite to Edmund Hall Gate. Both the gate and
chamber are still (June 28, 1720) remaining, and are'
much noted by curious persons that come to Oxford.*
{Textus Eoffensis, p. 316.)

" It has been inferred that he was a member of Queen'*
College from the circumstance which is related, not only
by Holinshed, but in nearly the same words by Speed
and Stowe, of this prince appearing before his father, who
was then very ill, • arparelled in a gown of blew satten,
full of small oilet holes, at every hole the needle hanging
by a silke thred, with ivhich it was sewed. About his
arm he ware an hound's collar set full of SS of gold, and
the tirets likewise being of the same metal.' It has been
suggested that he took the idea of this dress from the
singular custom, which is observed annually at Queen's
College, of the biirsar presenting every member with a
needle and thread ; a rebus (composed of the two French
words aiguille, a needle, and fl, thread,) on the name of
Egglesfield, their founder ; and that he wore it to show
his father that he was not forgetful of his academical pur-
suits, and to convince him that he had no desire of usurp-
ing his throne, which suspicious jealousy, raised in the

324'

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''d S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.

king's mind by some evil-disposed persons, wlio were in
his confidence, ' was occasion that h« in part,' as Holin-
shed says, ' withdrew his affection and singular love from
the Prince.'" — Oxoniana, vol. ii. pp. 45 — 8.

While on the subject of foi'iner Princes of
Wales, I take the opportunity of mentioning that,
•on taking down the bells of this parish, for being re-
cast, in the course of the present year, it was found
that the largest among them had (in addition to
the inscription " Omnia parata. Venite," being the
translation of Mat. xxii. 4., or Luke xiv. 17., and
the date 1623), the arms and motto of the Prince
of Wales. To explain this it was necessary to
refer to English history ; and, in so doing, it ap-
peared that this was the very year in which the
Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles L, occupied
such a prominent position in the nation's eye,
from the journey to Spain, and the marriage
question therewith connected. There was, at the
time, no special reason, of which I am aware, why
this royal emblem should have appeared on the
bells of this, more than any other rural parish of
the country : I therefore conclude that it merely
arose from the general interest felt for the Prince
of Wales. Should any correspondent be able to
throw additional light on the subject, information
will be welcome. Francis Trench.

Islip Rectory.

tinued, grew impatient of staying longer, and resolved
to pass the brook whatever the danger was ; but to do it
with the less peril, and the more steadiness, he took a
great heavy stone upon his shoulders, whose weight giv-
ing hiin some firmness against the violence of the water,
he passed the same without harm, and came safe to the
other side, to the wonderment of many people who liad
been looking on, and given him up for a lost person."

Abhba.

SIR WILLIAM USSHEB.

I have more than once seen it in print, that in
the year 1649 " Sir William Ussher, though at-
tended by many of his friends, was drowned in
ci'ossing the Dodder," which runs in the neigh-
bourhood of Dublin ; but a reference to Boate's
Ireland's Natural History (London, 1652), p. 60,
proves that this is a mistake, which it may be well
to correct : —

" This [the Dodder] groweth thereby so deep,

and exceeding violent, that many persons have lost
their lives therein ; amongst others Mr. John Ussher,
father to Sir fVilliam Ussher that noiv is, who was carried
by the current, nobody being able to succour him, al-
though many persons, and of his nearest friends, both
a-foot and horseback, were by on both the sides."

The danger experienced in crossing other streams
as well as the Dodder (which generally indeed
" is of very little depth," but is subject to fre-
quent inundations), suggests a farther quotation
from Dr. Boate's History : —

" It shall not be improper to insert here a particular
observed by a very credible- and reverend person, Theo-
philus Buckworth, Bishop of Dromore, the which he hath
several times related to my brother and others, being
this : The Lagon, a little river or brook which passeth
by the town of Dromore, upon a certain time being
greatly risen through a great and lasting rain, and hav-
ing carried away the wooden bridge, whereby the same
used to be passed at that town ; a country fellow who was
travelling that way, having stayed three days in hope
that the water would fall, and seeing that the rain con-

SIR AMTAS PAULETT AND SIR DRUE DRURY.

It is the duty of the historian and biographer
to deal justly by the persons whose sayings and
doings they undertake to narrate; and also to
quote correctly the authorities they refer to ; and
I cannot but think that Miss Strickland, in her
Life of Mary Stuart, Chapter Ixii. (" Queens of
Scotland ") hath violated both these duties, in
respect to the two individuals to whom was con-
fided the unpleasant duty of being her keepers in
Fotheringay castle.

It is well known that Walsingham " wrote, in
conjunction with his secretary Davison," a letter
to Paulett and Drury, moving them, in the name
of Queen Elizabeth, " to shorten the life of that
Queen," Mary Stuart, their prisoner ; and " sug-
gesting the private execution of their royal
charge."

Miss Strickland, after giving an account of this
" memorable" and wicked letter, says that : —

" Sir Amyas Paulett, in reply to Walsingham, ex-
presses ' his grief that he should be so unhappy as to live
to see the day in which he is required, b}' direction from
his most gracious sovereign, to do an act which God and
the law forbiddeth ; ' and indignantly adds, ' God forbid
I should make so foul a shipwreck of ray conscience, or
leave so great a blot to my poor posterity as to shed
blood Avithout law or warrant,' "

Yet Miss Strickland also says : —

" The stern integrity of Sir Amyas Paulett and Sir
Drue Drury in refusing to comply with this request in
the name of their sovereign, has been highly extolled ;
hut no advantage had been offered to induce them to incur
the risk of being rendered, like Gournaije and Maltravers,
not only unpaid executioners, hut scapegoats for public in-
dignation. History had not told her tale to the keepers of
Mary Stuart in vain."

I would now ask whether it is fair, or just, or
right, in Miss Strickland broadly to insinuate
that Paulett and Drury were not influenced by
the feelings they avowed ; but were only hindered
by the absence of a bribe and the offer of an
" advantage " from doing the foul murder ;
which insinuation she makes with Paulett's
proud, noble, and indignant reply lying before
her ? I think it will be replied by every one,
" it is not."

Next, she says that : —

" Sir Drue Drury did not commit himself to writing
on the subject ; but merely signed his name to a post-
script, hy Sir Amj'as Paulett, declaring ' that he sub-
scribed in heart to his opinion.' "

2nd s. VIII. Oct. 22. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIJIS.

325

For all this she refers in a note to the letter of
Walsingham, which was found among Paulett's
own papers, and has since been printed by
Thomas Hearne, the antiquary, in his Appendix
to Eobert of Gloucester^ and by others. Now,
according to the letters, as given in my copy of
Hearne's Appendix, it appears, first, that though
Paulett replied to Walsingham in the first person
only, yet the letter concludes thus, —

" Your most assured poore friends,

" A. POULKT — D. Dkury."

Secondly. The postscript was the postscript of
Paulett, and not of Drury (as Miss Strickland
says it was), and reads thus : —

" Your letters " (for there were two others from Davison
requesting the letter ' to be consumed in the fire '),
coming in the plural Number, seem to be meant as to
Sir Drew Drewrye as to myself, & yet because he is not
nam'd in them, neither the Letter directed unto him, he
forbeareth to make anj' particular Answere, but sub-
scribeth in heart to my opinion."

Such is the way in which Miss Strickland
writes history, with the authorities before her ;
and this will help to determine the degree of
confidence with which she must be read by the
students of English history. P. H. F.

KIBK SESSION RECORDS.

Will you accept of a few items from the Kirk
Session Records of the parish of Hiitton, Berwick-
shire ? They are curious, and will serve to illus-
trate the morals and manners of bygone times: —

" 170 1, May 25. Collected for the harbour of Eyemouth,
111. 6s. Od., and delivered to Mr. Ramsaij, minister there.

"1701, Sept. 21. The Moderator (i. e. Mr. Gilbert
Lourie, minister of the parish, who was Moderator of the
Session) having received a letter from 3fr. Crighton,
minister of the Tron Church at Edinburgh, craving that
the Session would order their officer to summon Robert
Johnston of Hilton in this parish (^Hutton, residing at
Hutton Hall), to appear before the Tron Church to satisfy
church discipline there, for the filthy fact of fornication,
some time ago committed by him within the bounds of
this parish, and that upon the 28th day of October next.
The Session ordered accordingly.

"1701, April 7. John Hvgard, one of the elders, sum-
moned before the Session for the scandalous fact of
quarrelling and fighting with one John Nesbet. The
Moderator gravely rebuked him, and farther asked him
if he did not present a gun to the said John, and whether
he did ysult (assault) him next day with a drawn
sword ? He confessed both, but for excuse alledged he
was in drink. The Moderator told him the pretended
excuse was rather an aggravation of his crime, and again
rebuked him for the same, and his other miscarriages.
(He was afterwards publicly rebuked before the congre-
gation for those misdemeanors.)

"1702, March 2. This day was read from the pulpit
the sentence of excommunication against Robert Craw of
East Reston. (This individual afterwards engaged in the
Rebellion of 1715.)

" 1702, May 24. Margaret Home, being delated to the
Session, for cursing and swearing, and abusing Beaty Da-
vidson; ordered that she be summoned to the Session

next dyet. (Cursing and swearing among the ladies
seem to have been very prevalent in those days, as wc
find Katherine Pearson and Janet Trotter summoned be-
fore the Session soon after for the same, and numerous
other instances may also be cited).

" 1702, Septr. 13. The Session appointed two of their
number, viz. Adam Douglas and George Foord to observe
the fishers of Paxton, if any of them encroached on the
Sabbath by fishing (in the Tweed).

" 1702, Oct. 25. This day, the Session enacted that
none should be allowed the benefit of proclamation for
marriage, but such as should appear before the Session in
person, or by proxie, and mortifie fourteen shillings Scots
to the poor, and find sufficient sureties for accomplishing
their marriage without violation of the rules of church
or state.

" 1702, Nov. 22. This day, Christian orne and Mar-
garet Craw, of the parish of Coldingham, now denounced
fugitive from discipline.

" 1703, April II. This day the minister exhorted
both old and j'oung within the parish, to keep within
doors after public worship, and to spend the remainder of
the Lord's day in relegious exercises. George Allan and
John Ross, elders in Paxton, reported that going through
their quarters (districts) on the Sabbath, thej' found se-
veral persons lying in their beds in time of divine service ;
the Session enjoined the said elders to admonish the said
persons, under pain of public censure.

" , July 25. The members appointed to observe the

fishers on Tweed, report that this morning, about sun-
rising, they saw several coming home from the water,
and George Hogard drawing his net ; appoint him to be
summoned to next Sessicm.

" 25. Payed to James Scoidar for a coffin to the

deceased Elspeth Lmnsden, 21. lis. Qd. Scots.

" 22. Jea7i Faden, complaining on Elspeth Ptirves

for calling her witch. To be summoned to next dj'et.
Helen Winram, delated for swearing. Septr. 29, Elspeth
Purvey compearing, denies she called Jean Faden witch,
but confesses that she called her daughter witches brood ;
which the Session holding as a confession of the guilt she
is charged for, appoint her to receive a publick rebuke
before the congregation next Lord's day. ^

" 1704, Jan. 9. The Moderator advertised . the several
members to observe in their quarters what parents were
not able to pay for their children's learning, and to exhort
them to put them to school at the charge of the Session.

" 1704, May 28. The Session being informed of the
scandalous behaviour of Robert Bowmaker, John Miller,
John Nesbit, Alexander Friskin, Walter Elliot, and John
Huton, in drinking all night, appoints them to be sum-
moned to next Session.

" 1709, Dec. 25. There being a flagrant report on Wil-
liam Jaffrey, and Henry Cochburn, that they should have
consulted with one Thomas Hogard of ill fame in Berwick,
about a web of cloth, and raising the ^cind, appoints them
to be summoned to next Session.

" 1714, June 27. The Session being informed that Ca-
therine Robisson, Janet Bowmaker, Agnes Stork, Helen
Ramsay, Isabel A^esbit, Mary Archer, Agnes Hyslop, and
3Iargaret Cocburn, were guilty of Sabbath-breaking in
laying out their webs on Sabbath night: ordered the
said persons to be summoned to the next Session.

" 1725, July 25. Given to a poor man in Coldingham
parish, whose house was totally burnt, 1/. 10s. Scots.
Nov. 2. For a coat to a poor boj' in Paxton, 21. 4s. Od. Scots.
Dec. 5. For shoes to a poor lad, 0/. 16s. Od. Scots. Dec. 26.
For a New Testament to a poor scholar in Paxton called
Margaret Winter, 01. 10s. Qd. Scots.

" 1702, Nov. 8. This daj' the Session enacted that
within the parish, the price for the mart cloth (pall)
should be one pound Scots, and four shillings (Scots) to

32S

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°-i S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59-.

the bearer ; and without the parish, one pound ten shil-
lings Scots, and to the bearer six shillings Scots, yet to
be modified according to persons' ability.

" 1726, July 10. This day Mary Darlin made her ap-
pearance before the congregation in the place of public
repentance /or Ihe first time, and Avas gravely rebuked for
her sin of uncleanness with Adam Wilson, and at her de-
sire was allowed to sit on the stool, in the afternoon, and
enjoined at her next appearance (they were condemned for
two Sabbaths to be the gazing-stock of the congregation)
to pay her penaltie, else not to be absolved ; and in regard
the woman's appearance, the man's not appearing, was dis-
pensed with. ( ! !)

" 1726, July 17. Mary Darlin, not procuring the pe-
nalty, was refused to be absolved. (Very hard measure
seems to have been meted out to poor Mary. Her para-
mour, Adam, also stood or sat on the stool of repentance,
some time thereafter, and paid for his fine, what Bums
profanely calls the " buttock hire," 21. Os. Od. — Scots, we
suppose.)

" 1726, Sept. 25. There being ground of suspicion that
Janet Cockbnrn, servitor to the laird of Bell, is with child
to John Hunter, the Session order their officer to summon
her to the next meeting of Session.

1727, Oct 13. Rohert Lamb, }-ounger, of Old Grinlaw,
in the parish of Ecles, and Catherine Laurie, daughter
of Mr. Gilbert Laurie, late minister of the Gospel at
Hutton, gave up their names to be proclaimed in order to
marriage.

" 1728, Dec. 22, Paid for three j'ards of linen to be a
winding sheet to Isabel Thomson, 01/. 10s. Qd. Scots.

" 1729, Jan. 16. Taken out of the (poor's) box for
Isabel Thomson's coffin and grave, 03/. 01s. Od. Scots.

" 1730, Oct. 28. To John Thomsoji, bellman, for making
a grave to Allison Moffat, Sd. English money. To Do.
for a timber handel to the bell, 3d. (A hand-bell was
used at funerals.)

" March 16. To Anna Bowmalter, in Hutton, to buy
shoes to her two grandchildren, 2 shillings English.

« 28. To a tow (rope) for the kirk- bell, lOd.

"June 13. To Mrs. Gray, in Faxton, for teaching two
poor schollars one quarter, 4sA. 4.d. English.

" .25. To Margaret Wilson, in Fishwick, for teach-
ing a poor schollar one quarter, 8d.

" 1731, Jan. 28. To a coffin to Margaret Knox, in Fa.v-
ion, 4sh. Gd. English. (The charge for a pauper's coffin
here is now one pound.)

" April 30. To Benjamin Ford, wright in Hutton, for
making two new boxes, to gather the ofi'ering for the
poor, one large new hand-spoke, and a timber handle to
the bell, 2s/i,"

Mebtakthes.

Chimside.

Careless Writing and Odd Residt. —
" A merchant of London that writt to a factor of his
beyond sea, desired hem by the next ship to send him
'2 or 3 ' apes. He forgot the r, and then it was 2 o 3
apes. His factor has sent him fower scoare, and saves he
shall have the rest by the next shipp, conceaving the
marchant had sent for two hundred and three apes. If
yourself or friends will buy any to breed on, you could
never have had such choice as now. In earnest this is
very trew." — Verney Papers, p. 167.

Francis Tbench.
Islip.

Sponge or Spanish Cahes. — Much Las been
written lately about the superiority of Spanish

bread ; it reminds me that the celebrated " sponge
cakes" of English confectioners most likely are of
Spanish origin : for, in the Levant, in Italy, and
in France, cakes of this kind are always called
" cakes of Spain ;" so perhaps " sponge" is only a
corruption of " Spanish" in this instance.

M. E. R.

Charm for cutting Teeth. — "I have made your
daughter a present of a wolf's tooth. I sent to
Ireland for it, and I set it hear in gold. They
ar very Luckey things ; for my twoe ferst one did
dye, the other bred his very ill, and none of j"
Rest did, for I had one for al the rest." — Letter
from Lady Wentivorth to her Son Lord Strafford,
March 26lh, 1713. Zz.

Lynching by Women in Olden Time. — The
following is a remarkable instance of condign
punishment inflicted by a band of enraged women
upon a murderer of one of their sex, extracted
from The London Chronicle by Sir Harris Nicolas,
p. 117.: —

" 1429. This same j'cre, betwen Estren and Witsontyd,
a fals Breton mordred a wydewe in her bed, the which
found hym for almasse withoughte Algate in the subarbes
of London, and bar awaj* alle that sche hadde, and after-
ward he toke socour of Holy Chirehe at seynt Georges in
Suthwerk ; but at laste he tok the crosse and forswore
the kynges land ; and as he wente h3-s way it happyd
hj'ni to come be the same place wliere he had done that
cursed dede, and women of the same paryssh comen out
with stones and canell dong, and there maden and ende
of him in the hyghe strete, so that he went no fertliers
notwithstondj'uge the constables and othere men also
which had \\ym. undir governauance to conduct hym
forward, for there wase a gret companyne of them, and
hadde no mercy no pyte."

What is the meaning of " almasse ?" [Alms.]

W. J. Pinks.

Bobyll and the CardinaTs Hut. — In the four-
teenth year of Hen. VIII. there lived a wine-seller
or publican of the name of " Bobyll beside New-
gatte in london," who used to cater wine for my
Lord Cardinal Wolsey, and the better to ingratiate
himself with his eminence he adopted for the sign
of his house, " The Cardynal's Hatte." From a
document I have before me, he appears to have
succeeded in drawing this potent prelate's atten-
tion. The item occurs in a very curious bill of
household expences, signed by Cardinal Wolsey ;
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey ; the Hero of
Flodden Field ; Culhbert Tonstal, Bishop of Lon-
don ; and Thomas Docwra, the last Prior of the
Order of St. John of Jerusalem : —

" Itm. paj'd to Bobj'Il of the Cardynals hatted

besj'de newgatte in London for xxviii L-^^.^,., u-
gallones of tennysse Wyne att xv<i the

gallon ------ -J

Query, Where was this house situated ? ani
who was Bobyll ? George Robinson.

2°^ S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

327

eauerfei.

POEM ON THE FRENCH WAK.

lu an address dellvei-ed lately on the erection
of a monument to my grand fa tliei-, who was a
pi'ovinclal soldier in the "French War," as we
call it, 1755 to 1763, I quoted some lines which I
read fifty years ago in what was then an old and
tattered English Magazine, which my boyhood
found in the farmhouse where I was brought up,
among the mountains of Western Massachusetts.
The old magazine soon perished, and I have never
been able to find the poem. It was, as well as I
remember, a complaint or lamentation, put into
the mouth of the French king, on the unfavoura-
ble aspect of his affairs in the closing years of that
war, in contrast with his successes in the early
part of the struggle. The stanza from which I
quoted was this : —

" When Dieskau, in his rasli action,

Was by Johnson overthrown,
Soon I seized, for satisfaction,

Fort Oswego and Mahon."

The poem then recited the succession of disas-
ters and disappointments he had suffered in suc-
ceeding years of the war. The date of it must
have been about the year 1763, when the Treaty
of Paris terminated the war, leaving Canada in
the hands of Great Britain.

Perhaps some of your contributors can find the
poem in some of the magazines of that day, which
are not in our libraries. If it is worthy of so
much attention, I should like to see it reprinted
in " N. & Q." Joshua Leavitt.

New York, Sept. 20, 1859.

Francis Burger sdicius. — Where can I find any
account of the life and list of the writings of Bur-
gersdyk, as the learned call him ? for learning in
our day unlatinises names. What entitles him
to be classed with Vattel in Moore's whimsical
couplet ? Is it the Idea Politica, orwhich I have
seen the title ? The Preface of his Logic is dated
1626; but there is a Cambridge edition of 1680,
and Watt mentions a controversial pamphlet con-
cerning the Cambridge statutes, published by a
certain Francis Burgersdicius (sic) in 1727, in
English. Did a son, or grandson, or both, of the
autbor of the Logic settle at Cambridge ?

A. De Morgan.

Bulse. — Boswell, in his Li/e of Johnson, vol. vii.
p. 218. edit. 1835, when regretting occasional re-
missness in recording his memorabilia, says : —

" Let me exhibit what I have upon each occasion, whe-
ther more or less, whether a bulse, or only a few sparks
of a diamond."

Query, derivation and authority ? I. I. A. B,

Jamas Anderson, author of the Diplomata Scotia;,
who was he the son of, and what were the names
of his sons and daughters? Who did they marry?
Any particulars about his descendants will be ac-
ceptable. 2. 0.

Grinding Old People Young, — Please tell me
something about the "ancient mill," the process
of "grinding," and the "old ladies"; together
with anything else you may know about what is
referred to in the following advertisement from a
paper of this date : —

" Now open — Sundays inclusive.

" Clay Hall Tavern and Gardens. Also the An-
cient Mill which was erected for grinding Old People
Youiig nearlj' 200 years back, and which has been en-
tirely renovated and redecorated regardless of expense.
Old Ladies are requested to come and be Ground Young,
for which there is no charge made.

" A variety of Amusements, &c

" Please Copy the Address. Clay Hall Tavern and
Pleasure Grounds, back of the East London Water Works,
Old Ford, five minutes walk from the Bow Station," &c.

Tallboys.

Drummond of Colqiihalzie. — Can any of your
readers oblige me with information whether Drum-
mond of Colquhalzie, in Perthshire, whose estate
was forfeited in 1745 or 1746, was related to the
then Earl of Perth ? And if so, in what degree ?

I. M. A.

Kennaquhar.

The Combat between the Dukes of Noifolk and
Hereford. — Respecting the causes that led to the
celebrated combat, which took place at Coventry,
in 1398, between these two peers, there is much
difference of description. The Parliamentary Rolls
say Hereford accused Norfolk before Richard II.
of using certain words in derogation of the king.
This statement is confirmed by the writer of the
English Chronicle from 1377 to 1461 (Camden
Society). Froissart on the other hand affirms
that Mowbray was the accuser ; and in the Harl.
MSS. in the British Museum (No. 6079, ff. 29—
31.) the same statement is made. Froissart, who
describes the whole matter up to the banishment
of the two dukes, states that no combat took
place, whilst all the of her authorities cited give
full particulars respecting it. Can these differ-
ences be accounted for ? Which was the accuser
of the other before Richard II. ? Thos. North.

Leicester.

Quotation. — Can you tell me where I shall find
the following lines ? —

" He either fears his fate too much,
Or his deserts are small.
Who fears to put it to the touch,
To win or lose it all."

F. L.

Joseph of Exeter's Poem, entitled " Antiocheis."

— Joseph of Exeter (Josephus Iscanus), whom

328

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n4 S. YIII. Oct. 22. '59.

Leland cbaracterises as "tarn splendldum Britan-
niae sidus," wrote a poem in the twelfth century
entitled Antiocheis. Warton says :

" Mr. Wise, the late Radcliffe librarian, told me that a
MS. of the Antiocheis Avas in the library of the Duke of
Chandos at Canons."

When was this library dispersed? And is the
whereabouts of this MS. known ?

Edward F. Rimbaclt.

James CoUinson, N.P. — T saw lately the book-
plate of James Collinson, of Lancaster, N.P., who
must have lived sometime in the last century.
The arms are, as well as I can describe them
■without the tinctures, on a bar arched, two mullets ;
in chief a squirrel ; in base three hatchets ; with
a lamb for a crest. I am anxious to know who
James Collinson was ? Can N.P. denote Notary
Public ? Is there any pedigree of the family o f
Collinson? E.H.A.

Marriage Law. — Before the act of Geo. II.'
the law relative to marriages in England was the
old law of Christendom, the simple contract law,
which we now know as the Scotch law. An en<!y-
clopsedia of 1744, speaking of England, says "But
marriages without this sanction [' the blessing of
the priest'] are not therefore null and void, but
only esteemed irregular." And the pamphlets
which preceded and partly incited the act of Geo.
II. describe a state of things perfectly resembling
that in Scotland as to the state of the law and the
power of individuals over the contract. Was the
marriage by simple contract in presence of v/it-
nesses as common as it is supposed to be in Scot-
land ? What references can be given to cases in
which the courts were obliged to acknowledge the
simple contract without clergyman or religious
ceremony ? Did the words de fvturo, followed
by cohabitation, constitute a valid marriage ? M.

Andreiv : Gaffman. — In the northern district
of Lincolnshire, the afternoon refreshment taken
by farm labourers about 4 or 5 o'clock, and which
is called heaver, or hevcr, in 2"* S. viii. 370., is
styled an andrew. This title to an afternoon's
luncheon is, I think, much more difficult to ac-
count for than heaver.

In the same district, the servant who is charged
with the general superintendance of a farm, and
called the "ground-keeper" in other parts of
Lincolnshire and elsewhere, is known as the gaff-
man. Query, the origin of this name ?

PisHEY Thompson.

Stoke Newington.

Military Queries. — 1. Can any of your mili-
tary correspondents give me any information re-
specting a Capt. George Freer, who served in the
101st Regt. about the end of last century ? The
regiment, I believe, was noted for duellists. Did
be take any part in such proceedings ?

2. Information wanted respecting John (?)
Duncanson, an officer in the army, killed in a
duel at Malta during last century? Who was
he, or what regiment did he belong to? Who
was the man who killed him ?

3. Will some of the correspondents, who have
so kindly answered my " Watson of Bilton Park"
Queries, inform me what arms this family bore?
And also if there has ever been any view of either
Mai ton Abbey or Bilton Park published ?

Sigma Theta,
Glass Bells for Churches. — The London papers
mention that " a bell of green glass, fourteen
inches high and thirteen inches in diameter, has
been placed in the turret of the chapel at the
Grange, Borrowdale." Many of your readers, as
well as myself, would be glad to know where
farther information can be had as to the manner
in which it is hung and struck, and the material
of which the clapper and hammer is formed. Are
there any other glass bells in use in England or
abroad ? Vrtan Rheged.

Alhert Duref. — There is an engraving by Albert
Durer, signed but not dated, which is called "The
Holy Family with a Butterfly," from having a
butterfly at the right hand corner, which is
really no more than a much improved copy of a
print by Martin Schongauer. AVas the Martin
Schoen print copied from a painting ? J. C. J.

Monument of Sir Nicholas Dixon in Cheshunt
Church. — Will some correspondent have the kind-
ness to refer me to a printed work containing any
engraved copy of the above before it became
eflaced by time or neglect ? R. W. Dixon.

Seaton-Carew, co. Durham.

Kend?'ick Family. — I should be glad to know
what grounds there are for supposing that this
family (Kenrick) is descended from the Saxon
kings, as stated in an epitaph printed in Ash-
mole's Berkshire, p. 149., fol. ?

The brother of the person on whom the epi-
taph was written was John Kendrick, so justly
celebrated for his munificent charities in Reading,
Newbury, and London. His will is given at
length in Strype's Stowe, and members of the
family mentioned as living at Chester.

In this branch of the family was a baronetcy,
which became extinct towards the close of the
seventeenth century by the death, without male
issue, of the first holder, Sir William Kenrick.

I have found records of the family as living in
Denbighshire (Wynn Hall), Flint, Caernarvon,
and Shropshire (Woore) ; and also at Bewdley, in
Worcestershire. The first and two last are un-
doubtedly from various evidences immediately
connected.

They are connected with the families of Eyton,
Thelwall, and Wilbraham (Lord Skelmersdale), in

S"* S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

329

North Wales. Any information which any of
your readers can afford me will be thankfully ac-
cepted. I am told that the church of St. John
the Baptist in Chester contains memorials of
them. H. A. D.

Scotch Clergy deprived at the Revolution. — Can
any reader refer me to a list of the episcopal
clergy deprived by the Scots Council in 1689, and
subsequently, for their refusal to conform to the
Revolution settlement ? One of these was Mr.
Thomas Strachan, minister of St. Martin's, Perth-
shire, A.B., whose ancestors had been ministers of
that parish from the Reformation. What became
of him afterwards ? J. A. P.

Rings : their Uses and Mottoes. — Can any reader
oblige by saying if any book has been published
on such subject ? Glwysig.

" Oidd Grouse in the Gun-Room" — Can any of
your correspondents throw any light upon the
story of " Ould grouse in the gun-room," alluded
to in Act II. Sc. 1. of She Stoops to Conquer ? *

, H. C.

Vindicta Bernardi. — Amongst the additional
matter printed by Hearne in the second volume
of Liher Niger, at p. 501., I find the following
piece of historical information : —

" Mense Jan* Katerina ducissa Norfolchise juvencula
setatis fere ^^' (lxxx. ?) annorum maritata est Johanni

Widevill fratri reginje setatis xx annorum, maritagium dia-
bolicum I Vindicta Bernardi inter eosdeni postea patiiit."

What is meant by Vindicta Bernardi ?

E. H. A.

[St. Bernard, though honoured as a divine by Protest-
ants as well as Romanists, appears to have been some-
what addicted to the practice of denouncing and invoking,
on those who had incurred his displeasure, the judgments
of Heaven. And, what made it worse, the judgments were
supposed to follow ! He was preaching on one occasion
at the church of Viridefolium, a place so called from the
extreme fruitfulness of its soil (Verfeuil, or Verfeil, in the
dioc. of Toulouse), when, being treated with contempt by
the inhabitants, he walked forth from the place, looked
back on it, " et makdixit, dicens, Viridefolium, desiccet te
Deus." The malediction took effect; "ex tunc" the
place sank into poverty ; and an ej- ewitness records hav-
ing himself seen the chief man of Verfeuil living at
Toulouse, aged 100, in extreme indigence! (Act. Sand ,
Aug. 20, p. 202.) Such was the vindicta Bernardi. On
another occasion, Bernard is stated to have expressly
menaced the King of the French (Louis-le-Gros) with
the death of his eldest son, as a " vindicta ccelestis." —
"Ludovico Crasso, Stephanum episcopum Parisiensem

[* This Query appeared in our 1" S. x. 223., but failed
to elicit a reply. Since that time Mr. Forster, in his in-
teresting Life of Goldsmith, ii. 361., repeats the Query as
follows : " Surely it must have been a real story, and
can no F. S. A. exhume it, so as to tell us what itAvas? "
— Ed.]

vexanti, scribit ac niinatur S. Bernardus mortem filii
ejus, quce etiam secuta est." — "Cui impcenitentiae Ber-
nardus Abbas ir-am ccelestem vindicem instare, denunciasse
ferlur." — " Quin et Bernardum addidisse severas minas, et
ccelestem vindictam, ni resipisceret, affutnram in brevi." —
Act. Sanct., Aug. 20, p. 131. The actual death of the
prince (Philip), by a fall from his horse, followed shortly
after !

Kespecting the " maritagium diabolicum " recorded in
our correspondent's extract from the Liber Niger, we are
indebted for some curious particulars to Miss Strickland,
in her life of Elizabeth Woodville, consort of Edw. IV.
One of the queen's first objects was " the advancement
of her own relatives; " and "neither infantine juvenility
nor the extreme of dotage seems to have been objected
by the Woodvilles, if there were a superfluity of the
goods of this world ; for the queen's eldest brother, a fine
young man, wedded, for her great jointure, Katherine,
the dowager duchess of Norfolk, then in her eightieth
year — 'a diabolical marriage,' wrathfuUy exclaims Wil-
liam of Worcester." — Vol. ii. pp. 331-2.

As the denunciations of S. Bernard, addressed to the
King of the French, were fulfilled by the disastrous death
of the heir apparent, so this " maritagium diabolicum,"
also, was followed by a family disaster; for the same
.brother of the queen, John, who had contracted the al-
liance, being taken prisoner with his father after the
battle of Edgecote, they were both beheaded. This coin-
cidence in the two cases, a domestic calamity following
in each, appears to be the reason why the chronicler, in
the latter instance, applies the term " vindicta Bernardi."
(" Vindicta Bernardi apud eosdem postea patuit.") On
one occasion we find Bernard himself severely reprobating
a proposed marriage, because canonicallv prohibited.
(^orA'S, 1690, Ep. 371.)

We may also understand, by the aid of Miss Strickland's
researches, why the Woodville "marriage" is styled
"diabolical." — "This alludes," as she observes, "to an
old English, proverb on marriage, — 'That the marriage of
a young woman and a young man is of God's making, as
Adam and Eve ; an old man and a young woman of Our
Lady's making, as Mary and Joseph; but that' of an old
woman and a young man, is made bi/ the author of evil' "
(p. 332. note). The "maritagium" with the rich old
dowager, however, was the more decidedly "diabolicum"
for another reason; because the mother of Elizabeth
Woodville was shrewdly suspected of using magical arts,
specially in promoting the aggrandisement of her family.]

Jetonniers. — What is the meaning of this word,
applied, I believe, to the members of the French
Academy in the reign of Louis XIV. ?

James Delano.

[ Jeton was properly a counter, of the kind used by card-
players. In a more extended sense, jeton de presence was
the counter handed, at the sittings of certain societies, to
each member present, as an evidence of his having at-
tended. Specially, jeton de presence, or jeton d'academie,
was the silver counter delivered to every member present at
the sittings of the Academic Fran^aise ; and, ultimatelj'-,
the expression stood for a certain sum allowed instead of
the counter. Hence the term jetonniers was invidiously
applied to those members who were supposed to attend
regularly for the mere purpose of receiving their jeton,
without contributing personally to the splendour of the as-
semblage ; and Furetifere is even charged with applying the
term to some who were both excellent authors and illus-
trious academicians. It is well known with what ribaldry
the French academicians were constantly assailed by
some of their literary brethren, Avho had not obtained
adnuttance into the number of the chosen Forty.]

330

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd g. vni. Oct. 22. '59.

Ayl tear d Family Crest. — What is the crest of
the Ayl ward family of Suffolk? I think there
are some Aylwards in Essex. Should there be no
arms to any Aylwards of Suffolk, those of Essex
would be thankfully received. R. A.

[In Burke's Armory are the following arms (crests not
given) of the Aylward families : —

" Aylward (Suffolk). Ar. on a saltire az. between
four griffins' heads erased gu. a leopard's face and four
lozenges or.

" Aylwahd. Ar. on a cross, az. a leopard's face be-
tween four lozenges or.>

The Duchess of Marlborough. — The late Mr.
Weir, in his Account of Lincolnshire, vol. i. (all
that was published) p. 271., says that this cele-
brated woman was born at Burwell near Louth,
in Lincolnshire, but does not give any authority
for the assertion. I am not well read in the bio-
graphy of the Duchess, and shall be glad to be in-
formed thi-ough the pages of " N. & Q." what
evidence there is that Mr. Weir's statement is
correct. Pishet Thompson.

[Mr. Weir's authority is no doubt Allen's History of
Lincolnshire, 4lo., 1834, vol. ii. p. 194., which states that
"Burwell House was the birthplace of Sarah Duchess of
Marlborough, whose ascendency in the affections of Queen
Anne bad a material influence on the political events of
that reign." The family manor-house of the Jennings
was at Sandridge in Hertfordshire; and Miss Strickland
states, without giving her authoritj', that " Sarah Jen-
nings was born at a small house at Holj^well, near St.
Albans, on the very day of Charles II. 's restoration, 1660."
• — Queens of England, vii. 13., edit. 1852.3

Paul Gemsege. — Who was "Paul Gemsege,"
the replyer (if I may coin the word) to so many
Queries of antiquarian and historical purport in
the Gentleman s Magazine of the last century ?

J. H. Van Lennep.

[This is the anagram of Dr. Samuel Pegge, an English
divine of the last centurj-, known as one of the most eru-
dite and indefatigable antiquaries of his time. He died
in 1796. By an ingenious transposition of the letters of
his name, he formed the plausible signature of Paul
Gemseg?. Consult any modern Biographical Dictionary,
except Knight's, for an account of Dr. Pegge.]

Bible, Misprint in Seventh Commandment In

the reign of Charles I. the Company of Stationers
are said to have printed an edition of the Bible in
which the word "not" was omitted from the
Seventh Commandment. Is this a fact ? and if
it be, is there a copy of such a Bible in existence?
The accusation is advanced or repeated in Ma-
dan's Thelypthora (vol. i. p. 69., 2nd ed.), and
quoted as authentic by the author of the Pursuits
of Literature (1. Dialogue). Tradition says that
a heavy fine was imposed for the carelessness of
the Company in this matter. Nix.

[According to Townle)' (Biblical Lilerature, iii. 318.)
the whole impression was recalled. He says: "In 1632,
Barker and Lucas, the king's printers, printed an edition
of the Bible of 1000 copies, in which a serious mistake
was made by leaving out the word not in the Seventh

Commandment, causing it to be read ' Thou shalt com-
mit adulter^'.' His Majesty King Charles I. being made
acquainted with it by Dr. William Laud, Bishop of Lon-
don, order was given for calling the printers into the
high-commission, where, upon the fact being proved, the
whole impression was called in, and the printers heavily
fined. With this fine, or a part of it, a fount of fair Greek
types and matrices were provided, for publishing such
MSS. as might be prepared, and should be judged worthy
of publication ; of this kind were the Catena and Theo-
phylact, edited by Lyndsell." Mr. Offor, however, in-
forms us that he has seen two copies with this unfor-
tunate misprint, one in the possession of Mr. Stevens, the
American bookseller, which was exhibited by him to the
Society of Antiquaries about three or four j'ears since ; and
which it was then said was about to be sent to America.]

HENRT SMITH.

(2"<» S. viii. 254., &c.)

I have a (slightly imperfect) copy of

" The Sermons of Maister Henrie Smith, Gathered into
One Volume. Printed according to his corrected Copies
in his Life time? At London : Printed by Peter Short for
Thomas Man, dwelling in Pater Noster row, at the Signe
of the Talbot. 1594."

It contains thirty-seven Sermons, viz. : —

1. A Preparatiue to Mariage.

2, 3. A Treatise of the Lord's Supper, in two Sermons.
4, 5. The Examination of Vsur^', in two Sermons.

6. The Benefite of Contentation.

7. The Affinilie of the Faithfull.

8. The Christian Sacrifice.

9. The True Triall of the Spirits.

10. Tlie Wedding Garment.

11. The Waie to Walke in.

12. The Pride of Nabuchadnezzar.

13. The Fall of Nabuchadnezzar.

14. The Restitution of Nabuchadnezzar.

15. The Honour of Humilitie.

16. The Young-Man's Taske.

17. The Triall of the Righteous.

18. The Christian's Practise.

19. The Pilgrim's Wish.

20. The Godly Man's Request.

21. 22. A Glasse for Drunkards, in two Sermons.
23, 24. The Art of Hearing. (Two Sermons.)

25. The Heauenly Thrift.

26. The Magistrates' Scripture.

27. The Triall of Vanitie.

28. The Ladder of Peace.

29. The Betraying of Christ.

30. The Petition of Moses.

31. The Dialogue betwene Paul and Agrippa.

32. The Humilitie of Paul.

33. A Looking Glasse for Christians.

34. Foode for New Borne Babes.

35. The Banquet of Job's Children.

36. Satan's Compassiug the Earth.

37. A Caueat for Christians.
Then follow three Prayers :

" One for the Morning, another for the Euening, the
third for a Sicke Man, v/hereunto is annexed a Godly
Letter to a Sicke Friend, and a comfortable Speech of a
Preacher vpon his Death-bed. Anno 1591."

Then, without any break or additional title,

2»4 a VIII., Oct. 22. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

331

follow four Sermons not mentioned in the " Table
of Contents," viz. ; —

1. The Trvmpet of the Soule sounding to Judgement.

2. The Poore-Man's Teares.

3. An Alarvm from Heaven, summoning al Men vnto

the Hearing of the Trueth.

4. A Memento for Magistrates.

The volume is a small 4to of 584 pages ; and
the writer of this Note would be glad to re-edit
the whole, or portions of it, for any publisher or
society that would undertake the expense, having
long thought it a pity that the great bulk of the
religious part of the community should, from the
scarcity of the work, be deprived of such an inex'
haustible store of plain honest truths set forth in
nervous English, enforced by the most striking,
though often quaint, illustrations. Henry Smith
was unquestionably the best preacher in his day ;
and the style and language of the Sermons is such
that they could not but be listened to and clearly
understood even if preached in our own day. JIas
not, however, a modern edition already been pub-
lished? It will be seen that the above list does
not include " Jonah's Punishmenf," " The SinfuU
Man's Searche," " Marie's Choyce " ; unless indeed
they are given under a different title, — as for
instance, the " Looking- Glasse for Drunkards,"
in the above list, corresponds to " Noah's Drunk-
^nnesse " in Mr. Cowper's list.

J. Eastwood, M.A.

Eckington, Derbyshire.

My well-worn and much-prized copy of that
^'common family-book" (as Strype calls it),
Henry Smith's Sermons, seems to be so -much
more complete than that of Mr. Cowper, that I
make no apology for describing it.

If their republication, which I agree with him
in thinking highly desirable, were contemplated,
it would be well that the whereabouts of any old
editions should be ascertained.

The date and printer's name are torn from the
principal title-page, which, however, stands thus :

" The Sermons of Mr. Henry Smith, gathered into one
volume, Printed according to his corrected copies in his
lifetime. Whereunto is added God's Arrow against Athe-
ists."

Then follow " The Severall Texts and Titles
of the Sermons contained in this book," forty-two
in number, commencing with " A Preparative to
Marriage," and " A Treatise of the Lord's Supper
in two Sermons," and concluding with " God's
Arrow against Atheists."

On the next page is an Epistle to the Reader,
signed " Thine in Christ, H. S.," with a short
•supplementary Epistle referring to the Treatise
on the Lord's Supper. In both of these he al-
ludes to his illness ; the first begins, " Because
sicknesse hath restrained me from preaching, I
am content to doe any good by writing;" and

the latter ends with these affecting words : — " I
would have thee profit somewhat more by this
book, because it hath weakened me more than all
the rest."

All but the last four of the subjects announced
in the programme then succeed, and occupy, to-
gether with " Three Godly Prayers," 600 pages,
duly paginated.

Tlie book then proceeds, like Mr. Cowper's,
without pagination, beginning with his title-page
No. 2., " Twelve Sermons, &c.," and followed, as
in his copy, with two supernumerary title-pages,
" Six Sermons," &c., and " Fovre Sermons, &c."
After the last of these, however, not only " The
Trumpet of the Soule," but the three missing
Sermons on " The Sinful Man's Search," " Marie's
Choyce," and "Noah's Drunkennesse," as well as
two " Zealous Prayers," appear : then come the
four subjects omitted at the end of the first Table,
viz.: "God's Arrow against Atheists" (Mr.
Cowper's No. 1.), and, lastly, Three Sermons, with
another new title -pajje, on, 1. " The Benefit of
Contentation ; " 2. " The Aflinity of the Faithful;"
and 3- " The Lost Sheepe found." This la"st re-
fers to a certain Robert Dickons, a " Prentise of
Mansfield," who called himself Elias, but whose
recantation was brought about, It would seem, by
the efforts of Henry Smith, directed by a precept
from " the Lord Judges."

The volume concludes at p. 54. with an imper-
fect list of " Questions gathered out of his (i. e.
Robert DIckons's) owne Confession, by Henry
Smith, which are yet unanswered."

C. W. Bingham.

LONDON IN 1558.
(2'"' S. viii. 292.)

In reply to the inquiry of W. P. relative to the
drawings of London by A. Van Den Wyngrerde,
1558, I am happy to state that they are still in
existence. They were purchased of Messrs. Col-
naghi some years since by the late Mrs. Suther-
land of Gower Street, Bedford Square, and form
a portion of the magnificent illustrated Clarendon
presented by her to the Bodleian Library, Oxford,
where they may any day be inspected.

As it may be interesting to W. P., and to many
of the readers of "N. & Q.," to be informed of
the earlier history of these valuable drawings, I
am enabled through the courtesy of Mr. Colnaghi
to gratify their curiosity.

The English drawings were twenty in number,
and were originally deposited with the justly
celebrated printer, Christopher Plantin of Ant-
werp, who was highly esteemed by Phillip II. of
Spain, consort of Mary I. of England : as views
in Spain and Flanders were also discovered in his
possession, it is conjectured they were intended to
illustrate a history of the possessions of Phillip,

332

NOTES AND QUERIES.

2nd S. VIII. Oct. 22. '69,

then one of the most powerful sovereigns of Eu-
rope. This work was never published, or, as far as
we know, saving the illustrations in question, ever
commenced.

About the year 1820, a Col. Roettiers, a Bel-
gian gentleman in the service of the Russian
government, happening to be at Antwerp, was in-
formed that a descendant of the printer Plantin —
in whose family these drawings had continued
from the middle of the sixteenth century (1558) —
intended to dispose of a portion of his collection,
requiring the room in which it was placed for a
harness-room. In addition to many prints and
other works of art in this room were the draw-
ings mentioned above. The Colonel became the
purchaser of the whole of this collection.

Some years subsequent to this acquisition. Col.
Roettiers being in London disposed of the whole
of the drawings to Messrs. Colnaghi, who, as we
have stated, sold the English portion to Mrs.
Sutherland : the foreign drawings were purchased
by Dr. Wellesley, the Principal of New Inn Hall,
Oxford, in whose possession they are believed still
to remain.

The large folded view of London has been en-
graved — by permission of the trustees of the
Bodleian Library — byN. Wbittock, and was pub-
lished a few years since by Messrs. Wbittock &
Hyde of Islington. These drawings also afforded
valuable assistance to Mr. William Newton in
constructing his " Pictorial Map of the City and
its Suburbs as they existed in the Reign of Henry
VIII.," &c.

In conclusion, we must all deeply regret that
drawings of a character so interesting should not
be found, where assuredly they ought to be, in
the national collection at the British Museum :
and still more so, when we find that they were
first offered to that institution, and rejected on
the ground of expence. J. H. W.

Onslow Square, Brompton.

I am not able to say where the extremely in-
tei'esting drawings your correspondent W. P. refers
to are ; but Antonio Van Wynergard, or I believe
more correctly, Wyngrerde, came to England with
Philip II. of Spain, and made a perspective view of
London in 1543, now in the Sutherland collection
in the Bodleian Library; this has been litho-
graphed by Messrs. Whittock and Hyde of Is-
lington. Doubtless the drawings alluded to are
by him, and it will be very gratifying to know
where they_are. F. G. T.

bacon's essays.
{Continued from 2"'^ S. vi. 407.)

I. A mixture of a Lie doth ever add Pleasure .....
One of the Fathers, in great severity, called POESY,

Vinum Daemonum, because it fiUeth the Imagination, and
yet it is but with the Shadow of a Lie." — Essay I. p. 2.

As an additional illustration of this passage, I
may quote Mr. Knight's introduction to an ex-
tract from Sir P. Sidney's Defence of Poesie : —

" A clever critic says, ' One would think that to write a
Defence of Poesy were something like writing an Apology
for the Bible,' The Editor of ' Half Hours' has called
attention to the circumstances that demanded this De-
fence (' W. Shakspere, a Biography'). A little pre-
vious to 1580, two or three fanatical writers put forth a
succession of the most violent attacks, not only upon the
Stage, but against Music and Poetry in all its forms.
When Sidney says, 'I think truly that of all writers
under the sun, the Poet is the least liar, he was answering
one Stephen Gosson, and other pamphleteers, who held
that a Fiction and a Lie were the same. The high-
minded Sidney came, with his chivalrous spirit, to the
rescue of ' Divine' Poesy, who was trembling before the
great Dragon of Fanaticism ; and manfully did he chase
the beast to its hiding-place." *

Dr. Maitland, however, seems to be of Touch-
stone's opinion : —

"The truth is — one is sorry to acknowledge it, but
the truth is that foetry is not the language of reality.
It is not the language of the World, as it now is, and of
Man, as he has now become; yet there is something
within him of recollection and anticipation, which lis-
tens to this dead language with instinctive interest, and
recognises it as his mother tongue, long lost in the land
of his captivity, but still sufficiently intelligible to rouse
his spirit with the imagery of better times, and better
things. The danger lies in'this; that Poetry is not the
language of Truth ; and that Man loves to escape from
Truth. He loves to frame and fancy things that are not,
because he seeks in vain for satisfaction in things that
are ; and he tricks himself into a forgetfulness of hard
truths, that he may revel in his ideal creation." — Enivin,
Lond. 1850, p. 58.

EiRIONNACH.

PS. — As the Editor has inadvertently inserted
Clammild's Note in this week's " N. & Q." (2"'>
S. viii. 297.), I must request him to give an
early insertion to my reply. At first I did not
think it worth while to refer more directly to
the Fable of Momus, as it is so well known, and
Bacon's allusion is so obvious ; but on second
thoughts I did give It, and that at full lengtli. If
Clammild had taken the trouble to read my last

* Cf. some remarks on the Connexion between Poetry
and Religion in the London Review, 1829, vol. i. p. 159.
"The connexion between the want of the religious prin-
ciple, and the want of poetical feeling, is seen in Hume
and Gibbon. They had radically unpoetical minds.

" Revealed Religion is especially poetical .... With
Christians, a Poetical view of things is a duty. We are
bid to color all things with the views of Faith ; to see a
Divine meaning in every event, and a superhuman ten-
dency. Even our friends around are invested with un-
earthly brightness; no longer imperfect men, but beings
taken into Divine favor, stamped with His seal, and in
training for future happiness.

" The Virtues, peculiarly Christian, are also essentially
poetical," &c. See the whole passage quoted by Sharon
Turner in his Sacred Hist, of the World, Lond. 1841, vol.
ii. p. 231.

2nd s. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

333

Note on Bacon (2°^ S. vi. 407.), he might have
spared a very unnecessary repetition.

BEARDED WOMEN.

(2'"» S. viii. 247.)

Some years ajro, when I was staying at one of the
hotels near the Falls of Niagara, on the Canadian
side, I one day saw a young woman of the hotel
go to a neighbouring pump to fetch water. On
returning, she passed near me, when I observed
that she had a strong beard on her face, but it
was cut close with scissors. The circumstance
struck me, and I made some remark about it to
a gentleman with whom I had been in conver-
sation, who had been some time staying at the
hotel, and knew the girl well. He said I was
quite right about her beard ; that she had a very
fierce one, but that she cut it off with scissors,
because people quizzed her about it. That gen-
tleman either told me at the time, or I have been
told somewhere else, that such women would not
bear children. On this latter point it should
seem that I must have been misinformed ; for
both Evelyn and your correspondent John Pavin
PHiLLiPS.distinctly state the contrary.

P. Hutchinson.

These Itisus naturee have by no means been un-
common throughout all ages; nevertheless they
were always looked upon with curiosity, and in-
stances thought worthy of being recorded. I
annex a few by way of example : —

Hippocrates, De Morbis vulvar. 1. vi. sec. 7.,
thus writes : —

" Abderis Phaetusa, Pythei conjux, antea per juventam
foecunda erat, viro autem ejus diu exulante menses de-
fecerunt, ex quo postea dolores et rubores ad articulos
exorti sunt. Qusb ubi contigemnt turn corpus virile et
in universum hirsutum est redditum, barbaque est enata
et vox aspera reddita."

Margaret, formerly Governess of the Low Coun-
tries, whose great beard was a singular ornament
to her robust body.

In the museum at Stutgard there is a picture
of a woman named Barteld Gratje, with a large
beard as she appeared in her twenty-fifth year,
anno 1587, and a painting also of her as she ap-
peared in her old age.

In 1726, at the carnival at Venice, there ap-
peared a female bearded rope-dancer.

A bearded Amazon served as a grenadier in all
the campaigns of Charles XII. of Sweden, dis-
playing all the courage of the other sex until she
was taken prisoner at the battle of Pultowa. In
1724 she was brought from Siberia to St. Peters-
burg, and introduced to the Czarina. Her beard
was an ell and a half long.

Elizabeth Knepchtin, a Swiss countrywoman,

also bore a venerable beard. By direction of
Duke Ernest Lewis of Saxe Meinungen her por-
trait was taken, of which a copy is to be seen in
the Breslau collection, B. 29. p. 73.

In the year 1775 the minister of a parish in the
Orkney Islands, describing the manners of the in-
habitants, tells that the custom there is never to
baptize a female child before a male, otherwise
they have a superstition that, upon arriving at the
years of discretion, slie would certainly have a
strong beard, and the boy would have none.

Ithtjbiel.

I know the following instance of a bearded
woman which I saw in company with another
officer, when quartered at Lisbon, Portugal, in
1827. My account is meagre, for it is long ago,
and the Notes I took are not forthcoming among
my papers ; but fortunately I possess a good me-
mory.

The hairy girl was apparently seventeen or
eighteen, perhaps less. We saw and conversed
with her, so close that both by sight and touch
we could see there was no deception. In com-
pany with her was a person who stated herself to
be her mother.

She (the girl) was perfectly feminine, her fea-
tures agreeable, and her manners lady-like. She
had a small moustache and whiskers, and the hair
grew quite low on the forehead, almost as low as
the eyebrows. It was also very low on her neck
and shoulders ; in fact as far as we could see for
her dress. The hair was not coarse, but soft and
silky, and of a brown colour.

I perfectly recollect that her fingers were co-
vered all the way down, on the outside, with
thickish short hair, but none between them or
on the palm of the hand.

She was not tall for her age, and was, I think, a
native of Portugal. We suggested to her mother
to exhibit her in England ; and possibly this may
be the person mentioned as having been here fif-
teen or sixteen years ago. Port Fire.

In Kirby's Wonderfid and Eccentric Museum,
vol. vi., an account is given, accompanied by a
portrait, of a young Frenchwoman, calling herself
Madlle. Lefort, who, although feminine in form,
presented the masculine phenomena of beard,
whiskers, &c. This girl was exhibited in 1818-19.
I remember another case of a similar kind in a
young woman, a- Piedmontese, who had a beard
of the length of eight or ten inches, but not very
thick. I do not now remember her name, but
she had a room for the reception of company in
St. James's Street. Her appearance in London
must have been at least twenty -five years ago.
She was unmarried at that time. Whether the
instance mentioned by Mb. Phillips were a

334

NOTES AND QUERIES.

\_2'^ S. VIII. Oct. 22. '59.

second appearance of this individual, I cannot
pretend to say. I may, however, remind him of
the American (Mexican, I believe) who was only
two 3'ears since exhibited in Regent Street, under
the designation of " the Nondescript," of whom
portraits are common enough. I have no doubt
that many similar instances have occurred, but
•do not at present know where they are recorded.

R. S. Q.

In h'la Nan'oHve of an Expedition to Ava, Lieut.
Yule gives a full and very curious account of a
hairy-faced woman, with a sftgular lithograph of
herself and her child. If your correspondent has
not access to the work I shall be glad to send you
the extract. Este.

(2°* S. viii. 249.)

Taking this word in opposition to body — as
■rrvfvfj.01, is opposed to (rap|, and y^vxv to awfia — we
find in tlie Shemitic class of languages as follows :
— In Hebrew its equivalent is nepkesh, meaning
breathing, soul, life, body, man, and smell ; in
Syriac, naphes means to animate, breath, appetite,
desire; in Arabic the root nafoa means to injure
anyone by mind or eye, najisa to bear a claild,
naftisa, valuable ; and in other formatives, to lift,
to recreate, to breathe, to desire, the soul, person,
individual, spirit. The Turks use nefayess for
anything delicate or precious, nefs, the soul or
person, nefass, the breath — hence the Tartar ne-
faslenmeh, to take breath, to repose. In the Indo-
Germanic class we have from the Sanscrit, jiv, to
live ; in Greek, faw, to live, fcoi^, life ; in Russian,
ziwu; in Lithuanian, gyiu andgywafa; in Moeso-
Gothic, saiwala = i'ount of life ; in Islandic salo or
sael; in Danish, siel ; in Anglo-Saxon, sawel ; in
Swedish, sial; in German, seele. Hire connected
siael, soul, with siaelf, self, in Anglo-Saxon.
Richardson connects, as above, soul with fc(w as its
etymon. With respect to the Romanic class, the
French a?ne, Portuguese alma, and Italian anima,
are from the Latin animus and anima — the Latin
being probably from the same original root in old
Pelasgic as iTvev/xa in Greek. The result of this
induction may be thus stated : the generic notion
of breathing led to the generalised term, living or
life, and to the concrete term self, and the ab-
stract term soid.

But there is another term to represent an im-
material and invisible substance in Hebrew,
riiacit, which means breath also, derived from
the notion of smell (to breathe an odour), also
wind (breath of air), and applied to the Deity
i'^\'^\ C'l'l), runch Jehovah, the Spirit of God =
God himself (Ps. cxxxix. 9.) In Arabic the same
word (_j ,), ruah, means (like nefs) self (Lokman,

14. 27. 32.) : in its Arabian origin it was applied
to the wind, which cools the air in the evening,
hence rest, taking breath, soul, or the cause of life
in the body, divine inspiration, prophecy, angel,
&c. The Syriac holds to many of these meanings
from the same root. Our word spirit is from the
Latin spiritus and spiro, derived from the same
root as the Greek cnraipoo — so the French terminal
-spire — all of kin to the Sanscrit spar, to live or
breathe, and spartan, breath. The generic notion
here appears to be, air in motion, the wind bring-
ing odours, analogous to breathing in animals :
hence Jupiter in the sense of atmosphere, and in the
abstract something distinct from matter, the cause
of life, the soul, deity. The Greek word ^i/vxh,
usually translated " soul " (as trfevixa, spirit),
means, in its root, to breathe, and to cool by
breathing. It appears to originate from the San-
scrit pu, pure, pavas and pavdkd, breath.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

EARLY EDITIONS OF FOXe's BOOK OF MARTYRS.

(S'^-i S. viii. 221.271.)

I cannot offer much from my edition of Foxe
(1641), as giving direct information respecting
early editions of the work, but I note what I con-
sider a note-worthy circumstance, as, if not an-
swering a Query, inviting an answer to itself, as a
Query.

In the third volume, following p. 1030., is a
title-page to " A Continuation of the Histories of
Forreine Martyrs," &c. printed by Ric. Hearn for
the Company of Stationers, 1641. This work is
paged in itself, pp. 1—106., but it was certainly
part of the 2nd edit, of 1641 of Foxe's book, inas-
much as it precedes the inde;c, and is included in
it, in reference to its contents.

The title-page is highly ornamented in the style
of the time. Among the waving foliage of a vine
springing from a vase at the bottom of the page,
and winding round two ornate columns, at either
side, is a scroll or label bearing the date 1574.

Now what can this date stand for ? It does
not point to the "Massacres in the Cities of
France, 1572," nor the "Famous Deliverance pf
our English Nation from the Spanish Invasion in
'88," nor "The other from the Gunpowder Trea-
son in the ^'car 1605," nor " The Cruelties on the
Professors of the Gospel in the Valletine, 1621,"
all which are matters alluded to in the title-page
itself, and some of which are subsequent in point
of time to the date referred to. If it do not
point to some earlier unnoticed edition of The
Book of Martyrs, to what are we to take these
mysterious numerals as having reference ?

A. B. R.

Belmont.

P. S. As to copies of "Foxe" contained In

2"* S. VIII. Oct. 22. '69.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

335

churches, there is (or was some years since) a
fine strong copy of this work still chained to a
desk in the church of Stratford-on-Avon : as my
menaory serves me, it lay in the south transept.

Perhaps the following description of an imper-
fect copy of Foxe in my possession may be of use.
It is of the date 1570, as appears by the last page,
but unfortunately wants the first 926 pages, com-
mencing with fol. A A a iij. ; so that it can only
be identified as being a copy of the second edition
throughout by the references in the index, on the
back of the last leaf of which is the date as fol-
lows : —

"At London,

Printed by John Daye, dwelling over Aldersgate beneath

Saint Martins,

^f Anno 1570.

Cum gratia & Priuilegio Regiae Maiestatis."

A few leaves at the beginning and end of the
volume have been mounted. The work ends at
p. 2302., after which come eleven leaves of index,
not paged. But between the body of the work
and the index is inserted " A continuation," &c.,
dated 1632, containing some leaves in Roman
type of " A treatise preparing men to suffer mar-
tyrdome." After which follow in blackletter 104
pages of text in blackletter.

Above 1000 pages of the book are in good con-
dition, but have been cut down so close as in
some instances to have lost parts of the head lines.
Pages 1269. and 1270. are numbered 1267. and
1280. respectively, and there are several other
errors of paging. Page 1482. is blank, and the
ninth book, on the reign of Edw. VI., commences
p. 1483. Nicholas Pocock.

5. Worcester Terrace, Clifton.

I beg to refer Mr. Nichols to the Fhotogra-
pliic News for Sept. 28th, where at p. 34. he will
find mention made of a copy of Foxe's Martyro-
logy, in three volumes, of an old date, as being
placed in the church of Arreton, Isle of Wight.

N. S. Heineken.

I have a good copy in 3 vols, of Foxe's Booh
of Martyi-s, of the 8th edit. 1641, in the old bind-
ing, the outside of the cover impressed with the
name of a former owner, George Norwood, and
the date 1652. Geo. H. Dashwood.

Stow Bardolph.

There is in the library at Tabley House, Che-
shire, a copy of Foxe's Book of Martyrs^ newly
enlarged and recognised by the author, 1576,
London, by John Daye, folio, 2 vols.

This third edition has many additional cuts, and
likewise some additions at the end.

The title-page of the first volume and part of

the index is wanting, but it is otherwise in a good
state of preservation.

The books are in the original binding, and
formed part of the library of Sir Peter Leycester
of Tabley, the celebrated Cheshire antiquary, who
died 1678. M. L. Fodder.

In Chelsea old church there is a copy of Foxe's
Book of Martyrs chained to the west wall, with
three other religious books. Chelsega.

In the library of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, there
is a copy (imperfect) of the edition of 1563. In
the library of Hereford cathedral (press mark
D 4. 13 14.), is a copy of the 1610 edition in two
volumes. Aul. Trin.

Sir Rohert le Gris (2"« S. viii. 268.) — For In
formation respecting this gentleman I refer your
correspondent to the following documents in the
State Paper Office.

1608. Dom. Papers, vol. xxxvii. Art 7. Cer-
tificate of Edm. Pigeon to the E. of Salisbury,
respecting leases granted by the late queen, of
the herbage &c. of Watlington, indorsed " Gris
his suit."

1618. Domestic papers, vol. xcviii. Nos. 26,
36, 40, and vol. ciii. No. 6, relative to a dispute
between him and Winifred Lady Markham, he
accusing her, seemingly without ground, of an
attempt to'pervcrt Sir Drew Drury to Romanism
in his dying days, and of defending the Gun-
powder Plot.

1627. Vol. Ixxxi. No. 4. xx., his name occurs
as captain of a company to be sent to the Isle of
Rhe.

1628. Feb. 8. A patent is granted at his re-
quest for the sole use of a medicine invented by
him, to preserve sheep from the rot.

1628. Feb. 26., occurs a letter from Capt. Rob.
le Gris to Lord Cbamberlain, the Earl of Mont-
gomery, relative to the needful licence for printing
the translation of Argenis, propounding several
points relative to the construction of the work ;
and on Feb. 28 following is a letter from Lord
Conway to the Stationers' Company, licensing the
printing of the said book. M. A. E. G.

Alderman Hart (2"'^ S. viii. 308.) — Ybur cor-
respondent W. N. S. will find some little infor-
mation concerning Sir John Hart in the Visitation
of Yorkshire (Harl. MS. Brit. Mus., 1487, fol.
369.). He is there described as Lord Mayor of
London in 1590. His father is Raphe Harte of
Sproston Court, co. York. Arms : Sable, a chev-
ron argent between three fleurs-de-lis, or. The
same arms are given in Harl. MS. 1483. (Visi-
tation of Berks), with the addition of a crest, a

336

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"<» S. VIII. Oct, 22. '59.

stag's head, argent, issuing from a coronet, or.
In this visitation he is described as Sir John
Hart, Grocer, Mayor of London, 1590, died 1603.
My blazonry of this crest is as near as I can de-
scribe it from a rough sketch ; but if W. N. S.
will favour me with his address I should be glad
to communicate with him privately.

William Henbt Hart.
Folkestone House, Roupell Park,
Streatham.

Baron of Beef at Windsor (2°* S. viii. 248.)
— The baron of beef is roasted at Windsor by
the same contrivance which was and still may be
used for the same purpose at Arundel Castle, viz.,
a strong spit to support the meat, and strong beer
to support the men who sat up nil night to watch
it. On one occasion the spit Droke under the
baronial weight, and Vulcanic advice had to be
sought in the middle of the night. G. H. K.

Mr. Abdias Ashton of St. John's Coll., Camh.
(2-^ S. viii. 302.) —Is this the Mr. Abdie Ashton
who was the favourite and confidential chaplain of
Robert, Earl of Essex, and who attended him on
the scaffold, Feb. 20, 1600-1, and of whom we
have interesting notices in Jardine's Criminal
Trials, vol. i. pp. 365. 367. 375-7.? What is
known of Ashton's life ? Any particulars of him
would be acceptable. M. P.

Suffragan Bishop (2"^ S. viii. 225. 296.316.) —
With reference to Manning's appointment as suf-
fragan bishop of Ipswich, I may say that the royal
mandate referred to by your correspondent is
printed in Burnet's Collection, vol. i., and that
Manning retained the priory of Butley after his
consecration, and signed the resignation of the
priory as bead of that house, with his episcopal
title, in 1539, March 1.

If any of your readers can tell me anything of
a copy of Burnet's Reformation, vol. i., with third
edition on the title-page I should be obliged.

Nicholas Pocock.

6. Worcester Terrace, Clifton.

Sir William and Sir Richard Weston. — In 2°^
S. vii. 317. your correspondent P. S. C. inquires
for information respecting " Sir William Weston,
Prior of the Knights Hospitallers in England in
the early part of the reign of Henry VIII., or his
brother Sir Richard Weston ?" At p. 405. of the
same volume, I gave some references to informa-
tion respecting the Sir William Weston alluded
to by P. S. C. At p. 485. in the same volume,
Mr. C. J. Robinson refers me to his Query (but
he does not tell me where to find it)*, and says
"he inquired about Sir William Weston who was
buried at Callow-Weston, Gillingham, co. Dorset."

[* The Qaery appeared in 2"'' S. v. 359. — Ed.]

There is certainly a game at cross-purposes in
this matter. I am "referred again" to a Query
which I have never seen, and charged (by impli-
cation at least) by Mr. Robinson with having
erroneously replied to a Query asked by P. S. C.
respecting one Sir William Weston, when I ought
to have directed my attention to another gentle-
man of that name, but who is in no way whatever
alluded to in the Query to which I replied. I
noticed this incongruity nearly three months ago,
but my communication escaped the notice of the
Editor of " N. & Q." Pishey Thompson.

Stoke Newington.

Actresses ennobled by Marriage (2"'' S. viii. 292.)
— Martin Folkes, the antiquary, a man of good
birth and fortune, is said to have been the first
person among " the gentry " who chose a wife
from the English stage, although he did not " en-
noble " her by doing so.

Mr. Folkes married Lucretia Bradshaw, the
representative of Farquliar's heroines, circa 1725.
The lady's " prudent and exemplary conduct " is
said to have been the attraction to the learned
antiquary. I find the following list of actcesses
raised by marriage to elevated rank, in Burke's
Romance of the Aristocracy.

Anastasia Robinson was married to Lord Peter-
borough circa 1735.

Lavinia Beswick (the original Polly Peachura),
became Duchess of Bolton about 1750.

Elizabeth Farren married the Earl of Derby

Miss Searle married Robt. Heathcote, Esq.,
1807.

Louisa Brunton married the Earl of Craven,
1807.

Mary Catherine Bolton (another Polly Peach-
um), married Lord Thurlow in 1813.

Miss O'Neill married Sir AV. W. Beecher,
Bart., .

Miss Foote was married to the Earl of Harring-
ton.

Miss Stephens to the Earl of Essex.

Miss Mellon (then Mrs. Coutts) to the Duke
of St. Albans.

Mrs. Nisbett married to Sir William Boothby,
Bart.

I believe a daughter of the late John Braham
was ennobled by her marriage ; and there ai-e,
probably, one or two more instances, of a recent
date. Pishey Thompson.

Stoke Newington.

Duchess of Bolton {^'•■'^ S. viii. 291.)— Oxoniensis
will find the information he desires in Leigh
Hunt's Men, Women, and Books, vol. ii. p. 180.
I have The Life of Lavinia Besunck, alias Fenton,
alias Polly Peachum. It was published in 1728,
when she was twenty years old. Gilbert.

2»'» S. VIII. Oct. 22. '89.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

337

M7'. Willett, Purchaser of the Orleans Pictures
(2"* S. viii. 308.) — The writer of this believes
Mr. Willett's name would be found in many
pi'iced catalogues of picture sales during at least
tbe first quarter of this century ; and believes
that he lived in Portland Place and had some
place in one of the counties near London. The
Court Guides of the time would show his London
residence, and perhaps Christie's books something
about his pictures, li the subject or description
of the picture were given, its history might be
more easily found. Klofron.

The Mr. Willett, who bought pictures from the
Orleans Gallery, was probably Ralph Willett,
Esq., of Merly, Dorset, whose fine library was
sold by Leigh and Sotheby in Dec. 1813. H. P.

Norton Family (2"* S. viii. 249.) — Some ac-
count of Richard Norton, Esq. of Norton Con-
yers and his " right good sonnes," who were
concerned in the "rising of the North," ad. 1569,
will be found in Sir Cuthbert Sharp's Memorials
of the Rebellion of 1569, p. 275. J. F. W.

Cross and Candlesticks on Super-Altar (2""* S.
viii. 204. 255. 297,) — Lancastriensis professes
to be unable to find in the present Prayer-Book
of the Church of England the rubric which orders
a cross and candles to be set up on the altar of
every parish church. I think it is evident that
Mr. R. H. N. Browne refers to the first rubric,
at the conclusion of which occur the following
words : —

" And here it is to be noted, tliat such Ornaments of
the Church, and of the Ministers thereof, at all times of
their Ministration, shall be retained, and be in use, as
were in this Church of England by the Authority of Par-
liament, in the Second Year of the Reign of King Ed-
ward the Sixth."

The Act referred to authorised tbe use of the
vestments, and ornaments ordered by the first
Prayer-Book of Edward VI., among which orna-
ments are mentioned candles for the altar.

In an Introduction to the Book of Common
Prayer, " by John Reeves, Esq., one of the Pa-
tentees of the Office of King's Printer, London,
1801," dedicated to George III., the author, ex-
plaining this first rubric, among other things, says,

" Among other Ornaments of the Church, then in use,
and therefore within the meaning of this Rubric, there
were two lights, enjoined to be set upon the Altar, as a sig-
nificant emblem of the light, which Christ's Gospel
brought into the world.

"This was ordered by the same injunction, which pro-
hibited all other lights and tapers, that used to be super-
stitiously set before images and shrines."

I hope Lancastriensis will find the above satis-
factory. J. A. Pn.

Mr. Gahstin will find a full and satisfactory
answer to his inquiry in pp. 78. et seq.^ and pp.
152. et seq., of the second edition (1844) of Hoic

shall we Conform to the Liturgy of the Church of
England? by James Craigie Robertson, M.A.,
now Canon of Canterbury.

The two assertions contained in Mr. Nisbett
Browne's short reply will startle most of your
readers. The first, that the cross and candlesticks
are ordered to be placed on the altar " by the rubric
of our present Prayer-Book;" when the fact is
that the rubric does not mention them at all.

The second, that the super-altar will be found
" in every properly- arranged church ; " when, if
so, not one in a hundred of the churches in the
kingdom is, according to Mr. Nisbett Bhownk's
ideas, properly arranged.

I purposely refrain from entering farther into
the subject, the discussion of which is wholly fo-
reign to the objects of " N. & Q." Inquiries, such
as Mr. Garstin makes, should be answered by
facts ; and not by assertions unfounded and in-
ferences unexplained ; and I trust that your ex-
cellent and useful miscellany will not be insidiously
led to take part in the modern controversy on
church-ceremonial. . Senex.

Lord Nitlisdale's Escape (2;«» S. vi. 438.) — EiN
Frager will find Lady Nithsdale's Narrative
reprinted in Jesse's Memoirs of the Pretenders
(Bohn's ed.) pp. 70 — 76., where it is quoted from
Ti-ansactions of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries,
vol, i. pp. 523—38. F.

Schuyler (2"'» S. viii. 290.) — G. L., who asks
for " information respecting a Dutch family of
this name, will find very interesting particulars
of such a family in a letter of Mrs. Grant, dated
1773, being No. xxi. of her Lettei's from the
Mountains, which contains what she calls " a faint
sketch of the useful and happy, the estimable and
singular character of the friend of her childhood,
the instructress of her youth, and the existing
model, in her mind, of the highest practical vir-
tue," of Madam, or Aunt Schuyler. We learn
from it, and from a note, that " Aunt Schuyler s
father was called Cvyler ; " that she lived in Al-
bany, New York, U. S. ; and was a descendant
of those Dutch settlers by whom the province
was occupied when we got it in exchange for
Surinam."

G. L. asks of the family, " Was it noble ? "
Mrs. Grant's " sketch " of Aunt Schuyler, and the
note appended, show that they were at least
amongst the noblest of nature's creation. The
whole account is highly interesting, and would be
acceptable to the readers of " N. & Q. ; " but its
length will doubtless preclude its publication
there. P. H. F.

Gay's Works (2"" S. v. 215.) — I presume that
the edition of Gay's Works to which Mr. Cun-
ningham refers is that of 1795, 6 vols. 12mo.

James Delano.

338

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«'<» S. Till. Oct. 22. 'oP.

Sir John Danvers C2'"> S. viii. J71. 309.) — Sir
John Danvers of Chelsea was the only surviving
brother of Henry Earl of Danby ; which Earl by
his will made Henry Danvers, Esq., only son of
Sir John Danvers by his second wife Ann,
daughter of Ambrose Dauntesey, (he heir to his
great estate. Sir John survived his son Henry,
and the latter made his youngest sister Anne
Danvers, married during the Protectorate to Sir
Henry Lee of DItchley, " heir to the whole of the
great estate in his power," as set forth in the
monument erected to his memory in the Daun-
tesey chapel of West Lavington church. I have
collected many interesting particuhirs relative to
these parties, and shall feel much pleasure in
communicating to W. C. any information he may
be anxious to obtain, and I may be able to supply.
Henry Danvers had two sisters. Elizabeth, the
eldest, married the famous Robert Wright, alias
Villiers, who levied a fine to be excused taking
the title of Viscount Purbeck, and assumed the
maiden name of his wife, "Danvers.'' After her
husband's death she used the title of Viscountess
Purbeck, and her son attempted to substantiate
his claim, but without success. The case is re-
ported in Sir Harris Nicolas's Adulterine Bas-
tardy. I possess some letters written by her
agent's brother relative to this portion of the
family history, and shall be ready to communi-
cate them through the pages of " N. & Q.," when
1 hear farther from your correspondent W. C.

Edward Wilton, Clerk.
West Lavington, Devizes.

Primate BramhalVs Arms, SfC. (2"'> S. v. 478. ;
viii. 259.) — According to Burke {^Ext. Baronet-
age'), the prelate's arms were, " Sa. a lion rampant
or, armed and langued, g<i." His son was created
a baronet 31st of May, 1662, by the title of Sir
Thomas Bramhall of RathmuUyon, co. Meath.
He died *. p. C. J. Robijjson.

Tote (2"^ S. viii. 282.) — This word is not ex-
clusively applied to the act of carrying, in the
southern part of the United States. I have fre-
quently heard a negro enquire, " Shall I tote this
horse to the water ? " Although it is now almost
always regarded as a negroism, I think it had
another origin, and was brought by the first Eng-
lish settlers in America from the old country.
Chaucer, I think, iises the word to signify a
summing up, the ascertaining a total amount, &c. ;
and I have frequently heard in Lincolnshire the
phrase, " come, tote it up, and tell me what it
comes to." I think, with your correspondent,
Mr. Myers, that the word is derived from the
Latin tollo, " to take away, to lift up, or to raise."
There is also the Anglo- Saxon verb totian, " to
lift up, to elevate." (See Bosworth's A.-S. and
Engl. Diet., p. 226.) The definitions attached to
these two words include all the applications which

I have heard the word tote receive In the United
States. The law terra tolt, " a removal ; a taking,
away," is evidently derived from the Latin tollo,
and has the same meaning as the word toto. Mr.
Webster's definition is too limited, but quite cor-
rect so far as it goes. Pishey Thompson.

The Rev. John Rob. Scott, D.D. (2°* S. viii.
190. 218.) — The " classic commentator," so
praised by * and 2 2 under his later pseudonyme,
Falkland, had been — as Irving's Biography of
Oliver Goldsmith records — chaplain to (Miss
Ray's) Lord Sandwich, and one of the North
ministry's political scribes ; signing his lamenta-
tions " Antl-Sejanus," " Panurge," and such like
noms de plume. Among his several functions, he
was commissioned to purchase Goldsmith's co-
operation, which — much to the D.D.'s annoy-
ance and wonder — the low-estated but high-
minded poet refused. Doctor Scott's services
were subsequently requited with a brace of com-
fortable crown livings. Where were they, and
when did he die ?

The enlistment of poor Goldsmith was prob.ibly
suggested by his friend Viscount Clare, then high
in office, and to whom the celebrated " Haunch
of Venison" was addressed. Among the cha-
racters of that pleasant jeu d'esprit Doctor Scott
seems especially noticed*; under one, at least, of
his many pseudonymes, —

" The one writes the ' Snarler,' the other the ' Scourge ; '
Some think he writes ' Cinna,' — he owns to ' Pamtrge.'' "

V.Q.

MONTHLY FEUILLETON ON FRENCH BOOKS.

1. Francois Villon, sa Vie et ses (Euvres, par Antoine
Campaux, Docteur es Lettres. In-8°. Paris, A. Durand.

The history of French h'terature exhibits to us two
distinct schools of writers ; some keep to the classical
traditions, endeavouring to engraft on the national ten-
dencies a taste for the productions and spirit of antiquity.
They sacrifice originality to imitation, and are perfectly
content with ^he humble part of patient and faitliful
copyists. In modern times, Racine, Boileau, Laharpe,
belonged to that coterie ; further back, Ronsard, the poets
of the Pleiad ; further still, Charles d'Orleans, Alain
Chartier and others represented it with more or less
power. But, on the other hand, there has alwaj-s existed
in France a strong, compact, influential body of hu-
mourists who preserved amongst them the pungency of
the esprit Gaulois, and who, careless of all convention-
alisms, were bent upon expressing as truthfully as they
could their views of societj', and their free opinions on
nolitical and ecclesiastical institutions. La Fontaine, Ra-

[* Our correspondent has confounded Dr. John Robert
Scott with Dr. James Scott, or " Old Slyboots," called
by Goldsmith " Parson Scott." See " N. & Q." 2»'i S. vi.
150.— Ed.]

2'«» S. yill. Oct. 22. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

339

belais, the old fabliaux are the most genuine exponents
of th^t light-hearted brigade who lately lost in the illus-
trious Beranger the truest representative they perhaps
ever had. Francois Villon, the subject of M. Campaux's
tiiography, deserves also a prominent place in the same
category*; and we may safely say that he produced in
French literature a revolution as beneficial as any it has
£one through since the sixteenth century.

" Villon sut le premier dans ces sibcles grossiers
Debrouiller I'art confus de nos vieux romanciers."

Such is the opinion of Boileau ; and although perhaps it
is not suflScienth' clear, yet we must admit that the
author of the Ballade des Dames da Temps Jadis did de-
hrouUler, and something more, the heavy, tedious st}-le of
composition which was so universal amongst the media;-
val poets.

The two celebrated works of Villon are his Testaments,
and M. Campaux gives of them a very complete and
correct analysis. " Le Petit Testament," says he, " se
compose de 45 octaves ou huitains qui se balancent
chacun sur trois rimes croisees, dont 25 de legs, en-
cadres entre un preambule plein d'emotion, et une sorte
d'epilogue qui, de religieux qu'il promettait d'etre, tourne
brusquement au burlesque, par un de ces soubresants
beaucoup trop frequents chez notre poete."

The Petit Testament is chiefly of a satirical character ;
it is evidently the work of a young man whose experi-
ence has not yet brought him into contact with the real
calamities of life ; but after the publication of that poem
we find Villon gradually sinking lower and lower, carried
away by the evil example of his friends: he commits
crimes gross enough to bring him to the gallows, and
when Montfaucon is within sight, his imagination brings
forth before him the following anticipated picture of his
melancholy end : —

" La pluye nous a debuez et lavez,
Et le soleil dess^chez et noirciz ;
Pies, corbeaulx nous ont les j^eux cavez,
Et arrachez la barbe et les sourcilz.
Jamais nul temps nous ne sommes rassiz ;
Puis (ja, puis 1^ cotnme le vent varie,
A son plaisir, sans cesser nous charrie,
Plus becquetez d'oj'seaulx que dez h, couldre.
Hommes icy n'usez de mocquerie,
Mais priez Dieu que tous nous veuille absouldre ! "

The clemency of King Louis XL fortunately saved
Villon from being hung. This circumstance led him to
reflect, and the Grand Testament, which he subsequently
published, though containing here and there many out-
bursts of coarse invective, has on the whole a solemn
character, which proves that the poet had learnt a profit-
able lesson in the school of adversit3'. He died, it is
presumed, about 1482 or 1484.

M. Campaux gives us a list of Villon'sVmitators ; they
were numerous, and distinguished by all the stupiditj'
which generally belongs to the serviim pecus. The Codi-
cille et Testament de Monseigneur des Barres ; Testament
tTung Amoureux qui mourut par Amour ; Testament de
TasteviH Roi des Pions ; Testament de la Mule Barbeau,
&c. &c. Such are the titles of the most remarkable
amongst them. But besides these clumsy productions of
third-rate scribblers, tliere exist many poems of a totally
difterent order, and Avhicli can be said to belong to the
school of Villon bj' their elegance, their pungency, and
their wit. M. Campaux subjoins some extracts from
these compositions in his appendix. A bibliographical
chapter terminates the volume, and states all the re-
sources available for those sauanfs who would feel inclined
to undertake a new edition of Villon, even after the one
lately published by M. Paul Lacroix.

2. Pellisson. Etude sur sa Vie et ses CEuvres snivie d'une
Correspondance inedite du meme, par F. L. Marcou, ancien
eleve de I'Ecole Normale. 8». Paris, Durand.

Paul Pellisson-Fontanier is associated with three famous
institutions of the seventeenth century in France ; 1", the
Samedis, or Saturday-reunions of IMademoiselle de Scu-
de'ry ; 2°, the dungeons of the Bastille ; and 3", the Revo-
cation of the Edict of Nantes. For a man who never
attained any real celebritj' either as a litterateur or as a
politician, this is pretty well ; but in addition to such
honour, imagine a personage obscure like Pellisson being
made the subject of a biography extending over a thick
volume of 500 closely-printed pages !

Mademoiselle de Scudery's salon, however, occupies in
the history of French literature a prominent part; and
whilst describing the early life of his hero, M. Marcou
was naturally led to take a general survey of the intel-
lectual movement which marked the beginning of the
seventeenth centurj'. This he has done in a most inter-
esting manner. We assist at the first meetings held bj'
the Acaddmie Frangaise ; we watch those curious quarrels
arising from the structure of a sonnet or the wording of a
metaphor ; we follow the progress of taste and the deve-
lopment of that elegant, though somewhat formal, school
of literature which afterwards found imitators even in
England during the reign of Queen Anne. Pellisson's
merits as a writer will not be deemed very great by those
who peruse the work we are now noticing ; the two fol-
lowing epigrams are amongst the best of his poesies fugi-
tives : —

" Centre un Envieux.
"Paul, cet envieux maraud,

Sur I'echelle meme enrage

Qu'un autre ait eu pour partage

Ue deux gibets le plus haut."

" Lorsque B., I'homme de Dieu,
Se mit k songer que le traitre
Vendit trente deniers son Seigneur et son maitre ■
Le malheureux, dit-il, I'avoit vendu si peu!"

Pellisson was councillor of state ; in that quality' he be-
came connected with Nicolas Fouquet, served him as his
private secretary', and shared his disgrace. Under such a
sj'stem of government as the one which prevailed two
hundred 3'ears ago in France, it was impossible for Pel-
lisson, really esteemed though he was by the king, to
escape imprisonment. Ilis position had led him to know
many secrets of the most delicate character; the corrup-
tion of the court, the intrigues of Louis XIV., the repu-
tations of persons belonging to the highest families, all
these were, so to saj', in his hands, and his acquittal
would have been the condemnation of le grand monarque
himself. He was accordingly sent to the Bastille, and
remained confined there for six years. When lie entered
the precincts of the state prison, Pellisson was a Pro-
testant; he had scarcely left them than he abjured his
faith, took orders in the Romish church, and became one
of the most zealous convertisseurs employed to enforce
the edicts promulgated against his quondam fellow-reli-
gionists.

Of course Pellisson's conduct has been appreciated in
the most contradictorj' manner; and whilst in some books
it is still represented as a highly meritorious act, origin-
ating with genuine faith and inspired by disinterested
motives, on the other hand there are authors who assert
that it was the hypocritical adhesion of an ambitious
time-server eager for promotion, and caring only for tem-
poral advantages. We would not attempt to sit in judg-
ment over other people, but still we think that the favour
which Pellisson obtained from Louis XIV. subsequently to
his abjuration tells rather against him. At all events,

340

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Oct. 22.

the following abject letter which he wrote to the king
might, we conceive, have been withheld altogether : —

" Sire, — However profound mj' respect may be for your
Majesty, I felt it a duty to do without you the only thing
in the world which one ought not to do from mere obe-
dience to you."

M. Marcou's volume, to conclude, is a useful contribu-
tion to the history of modern literature, although written
in too much of an eulogistic strain. It illustrates very
completely the transition-epoch immediately anterior to
the era of Boileau and Racine, and if not directly relating
to a person of extraordinary merit, it embodies interesting
details on the reign of a powerful monarch. The appen-
dix of letters collected together at the end is now, we
believe, for the first time published.

3. La Grammaire Fi-anfaise et les Grammairiens du
XV1<^ Siecle, par Ch. Livet. 8vo. Paris. A. Durand.

This interesting book, for which we are indebted to a
gentleman already well known from his literary researches,
is undoubtedly one of the most valuable monuments raised i
by the present generation to the study of lexicography, j
Amongst all the reforms accomplished during the six- |
teenth century, that which had grammar for its object
was not the least conspicuous, and a mere glance at M.
Livet's treatise will show how much remained to be done
before the French language attained that degree of per-
fection we find in the writings of the classics of the Louis-
quatorze era. Jacques Dubois, Louis Meigret, Jacques
Pelletier, Guillaume des Autels, and Peter Ramus are the
principal authors whom M. Livet examines ; the account
he gives of their labours, illustrated as it is by copious
notes, maj' be considered as a perfect commentary on all
French Grammars. And the Lexique Compart, subjoined
by way of Index, makes us to trace the changes which
have gradually taken place in the spelling of a large
number of words. The government of the Emperor
Napoleon III. has, we understand, encouraged M. Livet's
undertaking by a handsome subscription. We are not
astonished at this decision, which is merely an act of
strict justice. Gustave Masson.

Harrow-on-the-IIill.

R. B. I/. (Taunton). Does our correspondent still possess the Ballad-
r^erred to in Tier communication ? If ?o, would she favour us with a
sight of it, or a copy.

Glasooessis.

" Quern DeuB vult," &c.
are said to J>e Barnes' translation of a passage in Euripides. See " N. &
Q." vol. i. 347. 351. 421. 476.; vii. 618.; viii. 73.

W. E. M. " Manchet " is bread of the finest Quality.

3. W. Thomas Smith published An Historical Account of St. Mary-

le-Bone, 6vo. 1833 In Bohn's Guinea Catalogue, the best edition of

Minsheu's Dictionary, 1617, is offered at 18s.

R. W. Hacrwood. Your obliging communication has been forxcarded
to Amicus. , ,

liiBTA is thanked, bat we believe every one of the " abiding supersti-
tions " has been already recorded in " N. & Q."-

Y. L. will see that his information has been anticipated.

E. S. W. Rosenhagen's claim to the authorship of Junius «s disposed
of in Woodfall's edition, i. 21.

"Notes and Qoeries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
ifsued in vIonthlv Pabts. The subscription for Stamped Coptes for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
yearly Index) is lis. 4c7., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
farionr of Messrs. Beli. and Daldt,186. Fleet Street, E.G.; to whom
all Communioatioks eob the Editor shoidd be addreeaed*

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PtTRCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &e., of tlie following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Expositio HYMNOHnM Sarpm. Imperfect copy. "Wynkyn De Worde.
Wanted by liev. J. C. Jackson, 5. Chatham Place East, Hackney, N. E.

Prayer. Folio. 1625.

4to. Dublin. 1666.

Folio. 1B62. With the Form " At the Heal-

ing.
Bull's Prayers. 24mo. 1610. An imperfect copy.
Bonner's Homilies. 1555. Imperfect, but having the title.
Herman's Relioi JUS Consultation. 12jiJ0. 1548. Imperfect, but must

have the last sheet.

Wanted by JohnS. Leslie, Bookseller, 58. Great Queen Street.

We have thisioeek bean compelled to omit our usual Notes on Books, in-
cluding notices of The New Exegesis of Shakspeare ; Dr. Magirm's
Shakspeare Papers ; Dr. Anderson's Dura Den, &c.

Among other Papers of great interest which will have early insertion,
are Kennett, Strypc and the Complete History of England, by liev. J,
E. B- Mayor ; Sonnet attributed to Milton ; Sir Richard Nanfan and
Cardinal Wolsey, by Mr. J. G. Nicho(s; Inscriptions on Fly-leaves, by
Mr. Hart: conclusion of Journal, General Wolfe af Quebec ; Rev.
John Anderson of Dumbarton ; Farther Notes on Corn .^alli^ Papers,
hy Mr. Fitz- Patrick ; Anderson Papers, No. 5. ; Gunpowder Plot, &c.

CoNRADE. If you wiU forward the MS., we will endeavour to get the
iriformation vMch you require.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

FOB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price id, unstamped; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 198. — October 15th.

NOTES : — Eook-Markers, by Professor De Morgan — Bishop Bedell, by
Rev. J. E. B. Mayor — Heralds' Visitations — Jack of Newbury —
Romance of the Saugraal.

Minor Notes : _ Nell Gwynu's Sister — Great Bells at Westminster
Palace — Old St. Paul's a Paving Quarry — Shadows — Drjafen's Re-
cantation.

QUERIES : — Jacobite Manuscripts, by John Pavin Phillips.

Minor Queries: -Sir John Hart— "Sunt Monachi nequara" — The
First Marquis of Antrim — The Mysterious Cheque-bearer _ Mr.
Willett, Purchaser of Orleans Pictures— Queenborough Castle, Isle
of Sheppey — The Mowbray Family— Texts— Fuller's Funeral Ser-
mon—Archbishop Laud — Seven Dates Vacant — Symbolical mean-
ing of a Cloven Foot— Dutch Tragedy, &c.

Minor Queries with Answers: — Sir John Bankes in I67G — Mrs. B.
Hoole, afterwards Hofland — E. H. Keating's Dramas — Seal Inscrip-
tion — Anna Liffey — The Termination" -sex."

REPLIES: —Lady Culros's Dreame — Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery
— Forged Assigiiats, by E. C. Robson — Author of the Epistle to the
Hebrews, by T. J. Buckton.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Eulenepiegel — Charles Bailly, Secretary
to Mary Queen of Scots — The Suffragan Bishop of Ipswich — Scotch
Genealogies : Jerningham Family — Carriage-boot — Cibber's Apolo-
gy — Chatterton Manuscripts — " The Royal Slave" — "Horn et
Bimenliild : " Childe Home" — Faber v. Smith— John Baynes —
Etymology of the word Battens — Rustic Superstition, &c.

Notes on Books, &c.

A few Sets of lft)T£S AND QUERIES : —

First Series, 12 v^ls. cloth, bds., price 6?. 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 3?. 13s. 6d. cloth ; and

General Index to First Series, price 5s. cloth, bds. may still be had.

B

ENSON'S WATCHES.

" Perfection of mechanism. " — Morning Post.

Gold, 4 to 100 guineas : Silver, 2 to 50 guineas. Send 2 Stamps for
Benson's Illustrated Watch Pamphlet. Watches sent to aU parts of
the World Free per Post.

33. and 34. LUDGATE IIILL, London, B.C.

PIESSE & LUBINS'B HUNGARY WATER.

This Scent stimulates the Memory and invigorates the

Brain.

2s. bottle ; 10s. Case of Six.

PSX^rUAXERV FACTORY,

2. NEW BOND STREET, W.

2»<» S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

341

LOIWON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29. 1859.

No. 200. — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Another " Note to the Cornwallis Papers " — No. 2., by "Wil-
liam John Fitz-Patrick, 341 — Complete History of England: White
Kennett; Jolin Strypc, by Kev. J. E. B. Mayor, 343 — Sonnet supposed
to be by Milton, Mi — Anderson Papers — No. 5., by C. D. Lament,
315 — General Wolfe at Quebec, 346 — Northumbrian Notes, by T.
Harwood Pattison, 3^18 — Inscriptions on Fly-leaves, by William
Henry Hart, &c., 349.

Minor Notes : — Laurence Sterne — Note on Chancer: Sire Thopas —
Oracles in Opposition — A Regiment all of one Name, 350.

QUERIES : — Sir Thomas Roe, by John Maclean, 351.

Minor Qoeribs :_ Boyle Lectures — Cooke of Gidea Hall — The " Te
Deum " interpolated — Inscription in Yorkshire — Oldl Boodleite —
Mile. Sall^, or SelW, Dancer at the Italian Opera in London — " The
Watchman " — Ancient Keys — D'Angreville: St. Maurice, &c., 352.

MiKOR Queries with Answers: — Nell Gwyn's House at Windsor —
Oath of Vargas —Julius Csesar's Dispatch — Quarles — " Breeches
Bible " — Astrological Prediction of Moore's Almanack, &c., 355.

REPLIES : — Sir Richard Nanfan and Cardinal Wolscy, by John Gongh
Nichols, 357 — Rev. John Anderson,Ministerof Dumbarton, by J. Irv-
ing, 358 — Percy Society's Edition of "Syr Tryamoure," by Rev.
Thomas Boys, 359 — Sale of a Man and his Progeny, by W. B. Mac
Cabe, &c., 360.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Seal Inscriptions — Abdias Ashton:
Robert Hill — The Great St. Leger — Two Kings of Brentford —
Book-Markers- "O whar got ye that bonnie blue bonnet " — Jaco-
bite Manuscripts— Ephraim Pratt — Dr. Johnson's Chair — Somerset-
shire Poets— The River Liffcy, &c. 362.

Notes on Books, &c.

Sotetf.

ANOTHER

'note TO THE CORNWALLIS PAPEBS.
NO. II.

Who corrupted Mac Nolly and Mac Quicken ? —
In the Memoirs and Correspondence of Marquis
Cornwallis (vol. iii. p. 320 ), a letter appears ad-
dressed by Mr. Secretary Cooke to the Lord-Lieu-
tenant, in which various persons are recommended,
including Mac Nally and Mac Guicken, as fit re-
cipients for a share in the 1500^. per annum whicli
in 1799 had been placed for secret service at
his excellency's disposal. Mr. Cooke thus con-
cludes : —

" Pollock's services ought # be thought of. He ma-
naged Mac , and Mac Guicken, and did much. He

received the place of Clerk of the Crown and Peace, and
he has the fairest right to indemnification."

Mr. Charles Ross, the editor, reminds his
readers that "Mac" is "Leonard Mac Nally,
Esq.,^ a barrister of some reputation, son of a
Dublin merchant, who was regularly employed
by the rebels, and was entirely in their confidence.
He was author of various plays, and other works ;
born 1752, died 1820."

It may interest the students of that eventful
period of Irish history to learn some account of
the unscrupulous and wily person who succeeded,
on behalf of the government, in corrupting the
counsel and solicitor of the unhappy men who
staked their lives and fortunes for Ireland. On
this negociation some calamitous and important
events hinged. For almost every name mentioned
in the Cornwallis Correspondence Mr. Ross has
furnished an explanatory foot-note. In the page
following the mention of Mr. Pollock's name the
editor says : " It has been found impossible to

ascertain anything in regard to most of these in-
dividuals;" and as we have no note relative to
Mr. Pollock, it may be presumed that Mr. Ross
knows little or nothing of him.

Half a century ago John Pollock was a well-
known solicitor in Dublin. In the Dublin Direc-
tory for 1777 his name appears for the first time,
and his residence is given as "31. Mary Street."
In 1781 he removed to 12. Anne Street, and in
1784 to Jervis Street. At this time, as recorded
in the Directory, he practised at the Courts of
King's Bench, Chancery, and Exchequer. In
1786, Mr. Pollock was appointed " Solicitor to
the Trustees of the Linen Manufacture ;" in 1788,
" Clerk of the Report Office of the High Court of
Chancery;" in 1791, " Transcriptor and Foreign
Appos. of the Court of Exchequer;" in 1793,
Registrar to the Hon. Judge Downes * ; and in
1795, Clerk of the Crown and Peace for the Pro-
vince of Leinster, and Clerk of the Peace for the
County of Dublin. In the year 1800, Mr. Pol-
lock is gazetted to the enormous sinecure of
" Clerk of the Pleas of the Exchequer."

It has been said that the man who corrupted
Mac Nally and Mac Guicken deserves a share of
the obloquy which has been cast without stint on
their reputations ; and it perhaps becomes my
duty to embalm, as far as possible, Mr. Pollock's
memory.

The MS. volume, already noticed, containing
an " Account of Secret Service Money Expendi-
ture employed in detecting Treasonable Con-
spiracies," chronicles the frequent payment of
pecuniary stimuli to Mr. Pollock. On Dec. 11,
1797, 300/. is recorded: "April 20, 1798, John
Pollock, llOZ.," appears. June 15, 109/. 7s. 6</.;
August 18, 56Z. 17«. Qd. ; August 28, ditto ; Sep.
14, ditto; and on January 18, 1799, the large
sum of 1137Z. 10«. arrests attention. There are,
however, various other payments to Mr. Pollock,
which it might seem tedious to enumerate.

As soon as he received the enormous sinecure
of Deputy Clerk of the Pleas, Mr. Pollock re-
moved from Jervis Street to No. 11. Mountjoy

Square East, where, as I am informed by M

S , Esq., he lived in a style of lavish magni-
ficence, and spent not less than 9000/. a year.
This reign of luxury lasted until the year 1817,
when Mr. Pollock was suddenly hurled from his
throne.

The sinecure office of Clerk of the Pleas of the
Exchequer had been, " in some measure, created
for Lord Buckinghamshire" as a reward for his
important services in India f, as well as in Ire-
land, when discharging the services of Chief Se-

* William Downes, called to the Bar 1776: elevated
to the Bench 1792: created Lord Downes 1822. Died
unmarried, March 2, 1826.

t Sketches of Irish Political Characters, London, 1799,
p. 49.

342

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°<i S. Vlir. Oct. 29. '69.

cretary. Sir J. Newport declared in parliament
on April 29, 1816, that his lordship's fees had
amounted to 35,000/. per annum. Lord Bucking-
hamshire died on Feb. 5 in that year. From the
Dublin Evening Post of Feb. 20, 1817, we learn
that

« Mr. Pollock still continues to fulfil the duties of the
office, and the writs which had been authenticated by the
signature of ' Buckinghamshire,' are now signed * John
Pollock.' "

The duties of the office were most indolently
and inefficiently discharged : " Purchasers can
have no security," observes the same authority ;
" we have been informed of a judgment of 10,000/.
omitted in a certificate."

" It is one of the most lucrative and unnecessary offices
in the country," continues the Post : " all the duty is per-
formed bj' the deputy, Mr. Pollock, who derives about
5000/. a year. All this is made up of fees on the distri-
bution of Justice in a single Court of Law. If this un-
necessary office were now extinguished, how much would
it cheapen Justice to the Public. What a number of
poor suitors would then procure justice, who are now
excluded from its benefits by their poverty."

But the estimate of the Post would seem to
have been " under the mark." On Monday, April
29, Leslie Foster declared that Mr. Pollock "drew
10,000/. out of the profits, and on which he ought
to pay the salaries of the other clerks ; but instead of
this, he pocketed the whole of the money, leaving
them to raise the fees upon the suitors on no other
authority than their own assumptions ! "

The peculation upon which Mr. Pollock had so
long fattened soon began to enkindle a wide sen-
sation. A commission of inquiry was held, and
some startling facts came to light. Mr. Leslie
Foster, afterwards Chief Baron Foster, ob-
served :

" To show the progress of abuse he might pursue the
history of the place held bj' this Deputy. In 1803, his
profits amounted to 3000/. a year. After that time the
office was placed under regulations which reduced its
emoluments to one-third ; and in consideration of what
was called the vested right of the possessor, he received a
compensation of 2000/., which, joined to his fees, made
up 3000/., his original income. Instead of being worth
8000/., at present the office yielded 7000/. a 3'eai', having
increased 5000/. since 1803 : 'which, with a compensation
of 2000/. for anticipated loss, amounted to the 7000/. men-
tioned. AH these abuses spring from the circumstance
that the power of taxation is lodged in the hands of
officers who were interested in the sums they imposed, or
in the abuses they connived at."

■ At this time, as appears from the Directory,
Mr. Pollock not only held the lucrative office of
Crown Solicitor, but various sinecures besides.
The Cornwallis Papers had not then divulged that
all this emolument and peculation was nothing
more nor less than the wages earned by the cor-
ruptor of Mac Nally and Mac Guicken !

It farther appeared that 13,000/. extra had
been seized upon and squandered by understrap-
pers. The commissioners pursued their inquiries.

" They unexpectedly discovered," records the Post
of Maj' 4, 1817, "an apparently humble Satellite who
obtained an income of 1300/. per annum from fees ; and
who, without being ambitious of even the celebrit}' which
an almanack confers, quietly revolved about the brilliant
orb of his Superior, as much unknown to the Public as
any of the satellites of Jupiter."

A more monstrous labyrinth of inveterate
abuses had never before been explored. Im-
peachment became unavoidable ; and we find the
Attorney- General Saurin bringing forward nine
distinct charges against Mr. Pollock. One para-
graph will suffice for a specimen : —

" With respect to the taxation of costs, the officer has
exercised an arbitrary »nd discretionary power in de-
manding fees; and that the fees received have, in
some instances, exceeded the amount of the costs them-
selves."

In the Court of Exchequer, July 1, 1817, the
Chief Baron O'Grady, afterwards Lord Guilla-
more, passed judgment on Mr. Pollock. He thus
concluded : —

" And whatever regret we may feel in respect to an
officer many years in office, who has so long acquitted
himself to our entire satisfaction, proved b}' his being
reinstated when the office lately became vacant by the
death of Lord Buckinghamshire, his appointment being
had with the full approbation of his Majesty's govern-
ment — while we urge these topics of panegyric, we are
obliged to declare, from the acts lateh'- for the first time
come to our knowledge, that he has abused his duty —
abused his discretion — he has done acts without autho-
rity— by accepting gratuities he has degraded the Court

— he has permitted fictitious charges, and has raised the
fees of this Court to bring them to the level of higher
fees of other Courts, instead of bringing down what
was highest to the level of those that were lower — these
acts have tended to a perverse and mal-admiuistration of
Justice ; and it is, therefore, due to the Public — to the
ends of Justice — to the authoritj' and purity of the Court

— to the maintaining of^e Court's authority over its
own officer — and to the entl of the officer presiding with
effect over those under him, that Mr. Pollock be removed ;
and he is hereby removed from the office of Deputy
Clerk of the Pleas of this Court."

The Correspondent and Saunders of the day do
not report the case. The foregoing has been ex-
tracted from the Freeman s Journal. At the period
in question, it does not seem to have been always
easy for reporters to obtain access to courts of
law during the progress of peculiar cases. The
Freeman of July 12, 1817, devotes a leading
article to the discussion of a petulant remark
made by Mr. Jackson (Lord Chief Justice Nor-
bury's registrar) to the effect that "he would pre-
vent the Court from being turned into a printing
office.'''

Mr. S tells me that he remembers having

noticed with some pain the once swaggering and
influential John Pollock reduced to comparative
poverty and prostration. Mr. Pollock did not
long survive his humiliation. About the year
1818, he died, I believe childless ; and there is no
one now living, so far as I know, who could feel

2»« S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

343

hurt by these details. Leonard Mac Nally saw
his seducer consigned to the grave.

William John FitzPateick.

Kilmacud Manor, Dublin.

P.S. It is worth mentioning as a postscriptum
that the Chief Baron O'Grady claimed the right
of patronage in the appointment of successors to
Lord Buckinghamshire and Mr. Pollock ; and
having actually named his son and brother to the
enormous sinecures, a wide sensation became en-
kindled, which resulted in an elaborate public trial
of the judge's right. One of Plunkett's greatest
bar-efforts was made upon this memorable occa-
sion.

COMPLETE history OF ENGLAND : WHITE KEN-
NETT: JOHN STRYPE.

The question of the editorship of the three
volumes known as Kennetfs Complete History of
England has from the date of their publication
been so variously answered, that it seems worth
while to collect the existing evidence on the sub-
ject.

In Reliquios Heamiance (i. ] 41.) we read : "Mr.
Took told Sir Philip Sydenham that he paid 2p0
libs for his share in the three vols, of English his-
torians, besides about 100 libs that it cost him in
treats." On which Dr. Bliss remarks : " It should
be remembered that bishop Kennett always denied
having anything to do with this publication ; it
^as however, and still is, generally known by the
title of Kennett's History of England." Hearne
again ascribes the book to Kennett (ibid. p. 371.).
These two passages in Hearne occur under the
dates Oct. 1, 1708, and April 24, 1717. In the
interval (Dec 3, 1711), Kennett wrote to Hearne,
who had cited as his the notes on the Life of
Hen. IV. in vol. i. of the collection of historians.
But Kennett's contradiction, far from bearing
out Dr. Bliss's statement, distinctly implies that
for a portion of the work he was responsible. His
words are {Letters from the Bodleian, i. 225.) :
" I do assure you, I was not the author, publisher,
or reviser of that volume, or of any note or line in
it ; as any one of the booksellers could have in-
formed you."

From the Letters hy John Hughes, Esq. and
several other Eminent Persons Deceased, of which
the second edition was published by John Dun-
combe, M.A. in 1773 (3 vols. 8vo.), we gain more
precise information : —

"In the same year [1706] a 'Complete History of
England ' being undertaken by the booksellers, on a plan
recommended by Sir William Temple, our author under-
took to collect the materials for the two first volumes,
and gave an account of them in a very judicious intro-
duction. This work was continued and completed by
Dr. Kennet, whose name it bears." — Vol. i. p. viii.

The plan of Sir W. Temple is described at length

by his chaplain, Thomas Swift, a cousin of the
Dean, in a letter (Feb. 14th, 169^, ibid. i. 1-8.)
to Bentley the bookseller. It was in most parti-
culars followed by the editors of the Complete
History.

A similar account is given by John Nichols
{Lit. Anecd. i. 325. 396.), who also refers to three
replies which Kennett's volume called forth (i. 44.
602.; ii. 134.).

The preface and tables of contents to the Com-
plete History attribute the translation of Godwin's
Qu. Mary to Mr. J. Hughes, that of Camden's
Elizabeth to Mr. Davis, &c., the notes on Wilson's
James I. to Dr. Welwood, those on Buck's
Kichard III., and Godwin's Qu. Mary to "Mr.
Sti-ipe, an industrious Antiquary." OfHayward's
Edward VI. it is said : " An impartial Censure of
this Author is prefix'd to his Book by Mr. Stripey
to which the Reader is referr'd."

Mr. Nichols seems to have questioned the accu-
racy of this statement, as he speaks {Lit. Anecd. i.
396.) of " notes said to be inserted by Mr.
Strype." It is certainly singular that a portion
of Strype's contributions, though promised in
the preface to both editions, appears in neither.
Writing to Thoresby (July 1, 1707, in Thoresby
Correspondence, i. 57.), Strype complains : —

"Among these papers, you have a preface, whicb I
made to stand before Hayward's Life of King Edward
the Sixth, as it is reprinted in the late History of the
Kings, and should have been printed in that edition, but
was dropped, I know not how, though it was promised
and referred to in the general preface before that history.
I therefore printed a few of them, to bestow upon my
friends."

In a volume of original letters addressed tO'
Strype, which, by the kindness of Mr. Baumgart-
ner, has now found its natural home in the Cam-
bridge University library, are two which relate to
this subject : —

" London, August 2^, 1705.

«S',

" When j'ou come next to Town (j'® sooner y"
better) I desire you'l please to call upon me, for we would
willingly speak w*'^ you again, about assisting us in Our
English History.

" I am,

"S--,
" yo"" humble Serv*,

" Heury Bonwicke."
The letter is addressed —

" For y« Rever'i M"" Strj-pe, at Low-Leyton, Essex."

Strype has endorsed it, " Mr. Hen. Bonwick
the Bookseller ; " and notes : —

" The Booksellers were printing y® Complete History of
England, i. e. The Lives of y» Kings & Queens. I
added Annotations to V History of Rich. HI., K. Edward
VI. & Q. Mary."

Another letter from Bonwicke : —

"Sr,

"London, August 7'^, 1705.

" I have consulted my Partners, and they are will-
ing to comply w*** y°^ Termes, tho' they think 'em hard,

344

AZOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. VIII. Oct. 29. '69.

& we hope notwithstanding y" other matters you are
engajfed in, you'l be able to finnish (sic') ours, in about
two Months time. I shall be glad to see you when j'ou
come to Town, & y« Books shall be sent j'OU as soon as
you please by,

"S^

" yo' humble Serv*.

"Henky Bonwicke."

J. E. B. MA.TOE.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

P.S. For the sake of completeness I may cite
the gossip of the Notes to The Dunciad, ii. 283. : —

" Being emploj'ed by bishop Kennet, in publishing the
historians in his collection, he [Oldmixon] falsified Daniel's
Chronicle in numberless places."

Kennett's own words, in his letter to Hearne,
sufficiently prove the falsehood of this statement
as far as it concerns him.

SONNET SUPPOSED TO BE BT MILTON.

In a copy of -Alexander Ross's Mel Heliconium,
1646, on the back of the title-page is the fol-
lowing sonnet : —

" On Mel Heliconium Written by
Mr. RossE Chaplain to his Ma"^-

These shapes, of old transfigurd hy y^ charms
Of wanton Ouid, waVned ivi^ the alarmes
Of powerfull Rosse, gaine nobler formes ; Sc

try
The force of a diviner Alchimy.

Soe the queint Chimist , ingenious power

From calcyn^d hearles extracts a glorious flower :
Soe bees tofraight their thimy cells produce
From poisonous weedes a sweet Sj" loholesome

juyce,"" — J. M.
The volume contalninp; the sonnet belongs to
William Tite, Esq., M.P., and was, with other
relics, exhibited at the meeting of the British
Association in Aberdeen in September. Mr. Tite
supposed the sonnet to be the composition of
Milton. This was questioned in one of the local
newspapers, and Mr. Tite explained : —

" The book in question," he said, "has been twice sold
in London within the last three j'ears — first at Messrs.
Puttick & Simpson's, and next (when I bought it) at
Messrs. Sotheby & Wilkinson's — its authenticity was not
questioned at either sale ; and I satisfied myself, by its
distinctive character as handwriting, and the opinions of
those who knew Milton's hand well, that there was no
doubt of its authenticit}'. The book was carefully pre-
served in a cloth case, apparently about the time of the
printing of the book itself. The price it realised at both
sales was some slight proof of the correctness of their
opinions. I called the attention of my friend, Mr. Bohn
of London, to the writing, and he authorises me to say
that he knows Milton's autograph well, and that he en-
tertains no doubt whatever that the sonnet and the
initials are in Milton's handwriting. Your critic, how-
ever, saj-s ' that Milton's hand is strongly marked,' in

which opinion I entirely agree, and if he will compare
this sonnet with the fac-similes given at the end of the
first volume of the admirable Life of Milton bj' Mr. Mas-
son, published this 5'ear, of which there are several copies
in Aberdeen, he will see specimens of Milton's writing so
exactly like mine in character that it appears to me
impossible to entertain any doubt on the subject."

Mr. Tite farther says of Ross and his book : —

" He was a most voluminous writer, and had the ill
fortune to be outrageously praised by Sir Thomas Urqu-
hart of Cromarty, believed hy me to be ' the ancient
sage philosopher ' referred to by Butler. It is not diflBi-
cult to imagine — regard being had to the antecedents of
both these writers — that the satirist was not particularly
pleased with either the piiilosopher or the poet ; but his
reference to the poet may only have had reference to the
enormous quantitj' of his writings, for I venture to think
he was no mean poet, as the sonnet I shall presently give
will perhaps show. But Urquhart was certainly the
most extravagant of pedants, and was not unfairly
satirised by Butler's lines, two of which, not so often
quoted as the two first, sutficiently refer to Urquhart's
ridiculous book.

" The whole reference of Butler is as follows : which I
beg to be allowed to give here, because the two first are
in every one's mouth, and, as Addison says, ' though the
merest doggrel, are more frequently quoted than the
finest pieces of wit in the whole A'olume.' Butler begins
his second canto thus —

" ' There was an ancient sage philosopher,
That had read Alexander Rosse over ;
And swore the world, as he could prove.
Was made of fighting and of love.'

" Whatever might be Butler's opinion of Boss, how-
ever, he lived and died a * prosperous gentleman,' in
1654, at the age of sixty-five — leaving to the Town
Council of Aberdeen, his native place, 200/. for the foun-
dation of two bursaries. I could give many specimens
of his merit as a poet from the book which has led to
these remarks, but cannot ask you to do more than to
insert the following, which is a spiritualising of the
fable of Apollo and the Python : —

" * APOLLO.

*' * When God out of rude chaos drew the light
Which cleared away the long confused night.
O'er all this all it did display
Its golden beams, and made the day.
So, when mankinde did in the chaos lie
Of ignorance, and grosse idolatry.
Then did arise * a light,' ' a star,'
Brighter than sun or moon by far —
Who, with his fulgent beams, did soon disperse
The vapours of this little universe :
Till then, no morning did arise.
Nor sparkling stars to paint the skies.
This is that sun, this is ' The Woman's seed,'
Who with his arrows wounded Pj-thon's head ;
'Tis he who killed the Gj-ants all
Which were the causes of our fall ;
He is that ' Shepherd ' which in flow'ry meads
Doth feed his wandering flock : and then he leads
Them to a brook which softly glides,
And with his shepherd's crook them safely guides.' "

The critic in the Aberdeen Herald^ was still
unconvinced, and replied to Mr. Tite in the fol-
lowing terms: —

" Xo critical reader of Milton can for a moment believe
that in mature life he could have written such lines as

2'"i S. VIIL Oct. 29. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

345

the above. In his early academic career, the great poet
threw off some careless copies of verses (such as those on
Hobson the carrier) which are rugged and imperfect in
style and conception. But the sonnet in dispute must
have been written in or after the year 1646 — the date of
Mr. Tite's copy of the ' Mel Heliconium ' — and at that
time Milton was in his thirty-eighth year, or more. Ross
was a roj'-alist and churchman, and is supposed to have
derived his appointments from Laud, to whom, in the
dedication of one of his works, he expresses his obliga-
tions. Milton, on the other hand, was a Republican and
Puritan. He had, in 1638, in his poem of Lj'cidas, de-
nounced the church, and menaced Laud with the axe
and scaffold. In his controversial prose works, Milton
assailed the prelates and court chaplains in the most un-
measured and virulent terms, and in his ' Areopagitica '

— that noblest of political treatises — he had vindicated
the inalienable right of Englishmen to free speech and
unlicensed writing, which Laud and the prelates laboured
to extinguish. Can it be believed that, after all this,
the Republican poet should have sat down to pen a com-
plimentarj' sonnet to ' Mr. Ross, Chaplain to her Majestj-.'
The words 'Chaplain to her Majesty ' must have stuck in
his throat like Macbeth's ' Amen.' But still more un-
tenable is the idea that Milton could have called the
court chaplain 'powerful Ross.' That he, who was so
chary of all acknowledgment of his contemporaries, who
guarded his self-respect with jealous dignitj', and was
distinguished, as he himself confessed, by a certain se-
verity of taste and judgment, should have awarded to
the garrulous, pedantic Alexander Ross an amount of
distinction and praise — exalting him even above Ovid !

— which he denied to his most illustrious compeers, is a
supposition utterly incredible. All internal evidence and
analogy is against such a conclusion. With respect to
external evidence, we may notice that the sonnet does not
profess to be the composition of Milton. It bears only
the initials ' J. M.' Those letters are not unlike the
authentic writing of Milton, but the style was not un-
common. Let Mr. Tite look at the signature of Marston,
the dramatic poet and satirist, of which a fac-simile is
given in Collier's Bridgewater Catalogue, and he will
find that the form of the two letters is precisely the same.
Marston, however, was dead before 1646, and, in the
absence of any direct proof, we should be disposed to
assign the sonnet to another minor poet of that period,
Jasper Mayne, who, like Ross, was a royalist, and who
was one of the divines appointed to preach before Charles
I. at Oxford. Mayne translated Luciau's Dialogues and
Donne's Latin Epigrams ; and from his poetical tastes
and capacity, no less than from his political and eccle-
siasticai position, was just the person to compliment
Alexander Ross, court chaplain, as ' powerful Ross.'
The slight resemblance of the ' J. M.' of the sonnet to
Milton's initials proves nothing as opposed to the almost
insuperable internal evidence against the identity of the
parties, and the lines themselves do not appear to us to
bear any close resemblance to the genuine handwriting of
Milton. Mr. Tite and Mr. Bohn think otherwise, and
yve admit that this is a point on which men will enter-
tain different opinions. The identity of handwriting,
like the resemblance of portraits, is very difficult to
determine. But all Milton's genuine manuscripts seem
to us to be written in a broader and firmer character
than the writing of this sonnet. Before 1G46, the poet's
eyesight had begun to fail, and he wrote strongly,
charging his pen fully with ink. In a few more years,
all was dark, irrecoverably dark, and it is the interest
attaching to this part of the poet's historj' that led us to
look minutely at his handwriting. We have traced it
through the Cambridge MSS. and the records of the
State Paper OflEice, and should grieve to think that even

a passing shade might rest on the memory of the great
poet from his being recognised as the author of this poor
and servile sonnet."

It seemed to me, as to others, that " N. & Q."
was the proper place for preserving the supposed
production by Milton, and the controversy as to
its genuineness. D. (1.)

ANDEBSON PAPERS. — NO. V.

I trust the enclosed will be considered worthy of
a place in "N. & Q." ; it is No. 5. of " Anderson's
Papers," a copy of a letter from Neil Campbell,
minister of Rosneath, Moderator of the Synod,
to John Anderson of Dumbarton. It should
have properly come before the letter from T.
Martine, Oct. 1715 (2°'^ S. vii. 413.), as it pre-
cedes it in date. The writer was evidently in
direct communication with those at head-quar-
ters, and his information was likely to be good
and trustworthy. The move of the French and
Spanish governments in disbanding their British
mercenaries, and thus giving the Pretender a
force of 18,000 disciplined men, is noteworthy.
The fierce party feud of Argyle and Montrose
seems the home pivot upon which the rebellion
turned, the Lord-Lieutenancy of the important
county of Dumbarton, a valuable card in either
hand, being the special bone of contention. The
game is a tough one, with Argyle, Townsend, and
Stanhope, against Montrose and the Jacobites.

« Rossneath 8 August 1715
"Nine at night
« R(everend) & D(ear) B(rother)
" About half ane hour before j-^our express came here
the Lady Ardkinless* was at my house who told me
that some braemenf came down on their land in the
night tyme and caried away some horses, but as yet
they have attempted nothing with daylight or be way of
harshipj, however the opperations among them are so
vigorous that we cannot be too early in our precautions,
and I tiuely think it lyes much on us to animate the
people to exerte themselves on this occaisiou for our all
in everj' respect is at stake if I get any accounts worth
Sending Express with — you may be sure to have fm
(them) very soone. This night I have letters from M"^
John at London, and find there is now no roume left to
doubt of ane Invasion The Ffrench King has disbanded
all the British and Irish in his service as the K.(ing) of
Spain has done also and they instantly took on with the
P.§(rince), thej' make eighteen thousand men, there is a

* "Lady Ardkinless." I suppose the widow of Sir
Colin Campbell of Ardkinglas.

f "Braemen," Highland catturans or thieves — men
from the brae-hill.

X " Harship " (properly hairship), systematic plunder
bj' armed bands. In this letter we see the kindling of
that fierce feud between the Campbell and the Graham,
whose brands our old friend Rob Roj' (S""* S. vi. 495.), as
we saw, so kicked about. Here is the first sputtering of
rebellion; and the strings of court intrigue are plain
enough. Had the king been deaf to Argyle, Townsend,
and Stanhope, should we have heard o{ Mar and the '15?

§ " The P.," the Chevalier d« St. George, or the old
Pretender.

346

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Oct. 29. '50,

fearful debate betwixt Argyle and Mont: (the Duke of
Montrose) for the Livtenancy of this Shire Montrose
went to the King alone and told him if he gave not this
Livtenancy he could not serve his Majesty next daj'
Townsend and Stanhope went to the King and told it
was absolutely necessary for his interest that Argyle
should have y* (that) Livtenancy I dread the conse-
quence of this. M"" John* has written to Succothf for a
representation from the gentlemen of the Shire to the
Post Office ag" (against) Mungo and y* (that) he wald
get in Galder in his roume I should think ye (you) might
eendC^ (endeavour) y (your) self with a little more zeal
in that matter I exspect to see you this week. I am
" R. D. B.
« yr own most affect.

" B. & serv*
" (Signed) Neil Campbell.

" Keep the storie of the Dukes till we have the cer-
taintj'.

" On Wednesday this parish are to meet under Armes
and then I'll mind the assotiation (association).

"Argyle has brought in AuchinleckJ and who now
more zealous than he with his dayly rindevouz for
K(ing) G(eorge)."

C. D. Lamont.

OENBBAIi WOLFE AT QUEBEC.

(^Continued from 2°'' S. viii. 166.)

"August 9th, 1759. Employed in disposing and car-
rying for the wounded the most of this day. At nine
o'clock this night the Brigad"^ ordered Lt. Crofton of the
Kangers to land on the south shore in order to take a pri-
soner. He accordingly with 20 men landed, surprized a
barn in which there were 9 Canadians, killed 4, and took

5 prisoners.

"10th. This morning embarked on board our flatt-
bottomed boats, in order to land on the south shore, in the
same order as the 8th inst. About half an hour after 7
o'clock rowed in and landed, after sustaining a small fire
from the enemy, of whom we killed 5, and took a captain
of militia prisoner. Our loss consisting of 1 private killed,

6 wounded, and Lt.-Sam. Rutherford of Amherst's regt.
wounded.

" After we beat off the enemy, we took possession of an
eminence where we encamped, strongly situated opposite
to our ships, near village St. Nicholas, 21 miles from Point
Lev}- camp.

*' 11th. Remained in camp ; nothing done.

" I2th. Very rainy weather. This morning a schooner
from below joined our fleet ; the m"" of reports that two
catts with a regt. on board endeavoured to pass the town,
but were obliged to put back by the brisk cannonading
of the batterys.

" 13th. A detachment of 400 men under the com-
mand of Major Dalling marched to the eastward to re-
conoitre the country; they were fired on by a small
party of Canadians, who made the following execution,
viz. Capt. Card" wounded, also 4 wounded of the Rangers.
On which the General ordered all the houses east of our
post (in the parish of St. Croix) to be sett on fire, and at
the same time fixed a manifesto on the church door, de-
claring that if they should anoye any of our troops pass-

* "Mr. John," the Hon. John Campbell of Mamore,
uncle to the Duke of Argyle.

t "Succoth," a territorial title. Sir Arch. Campbell
of Succoth.

J " Auchinleck," also, I presume, a territorial title for
a Boswell of Auchinleck.

ing or repassing the commimication, for the future, that
no quarter will be given the inhabitants when taken,
without exception or respect of person. The detachment
took a great number of cattle ; no prisoners.

" 14th. This morning 7 marines straggled about 800
j'ards from the camp, who was taken by the enemy, part
of whom they massacred and left on the beach in order
to be discovered, in return of which cruelty the General
marched with the two battalions, viz. Amherst's and the
2"<i battl" Royal A., 3 miles east of our camp in the vil-
lage of St. Nicholas, setting fire to all the houses belong-
ing thereto. Neither prisoners or cattle brought in to
camp.

"15th. Remained in camp all day; the weather rainy.
Nothing extraordinary.

" 16th. This forenoon a small party of the enemy shewed
themselves to the left of our encampment, but were re-
pulsed by a few of our advanced guard.

" 17th. This forenoon the General gave in orders that
the two battalions and two companys of Light Infantry
should prepare to embark on board their respective ves-
sels, as the former distribution. At 10 o'clock we struck
our tents and embarked, where we remained till the night
following. The other company of Light Infantry with
the two hundred marines to remain on shore till further
orders, under the command of Capt" Fraser.

" 18th. At 12 o'clock this day embarked Capt. Simon
Fraser with Delaune's co, of Lt. infantry. At the same
time the General called for commanding officers of com-
pany's in order to explain to them his order of battle at
landing next, or at the attack intended on the village
Chambeau, where, according to intelligence formerly
given (by prisoners taken), there are some magazines, and
consequently men to endeavour their defence. After
which explanation the General sent orders to the com-
manding officers of the marines to keep the tents of the
two regts. standing, that as the enemy might discover
the embarkation of Delaune's company in the daytime,
seeing the camp as formerly excepting the tents of the
Light Infantry, as also keeping the face of the en-
campments as formerly with a number of large fires,
that from these circumstances the enemy will probably
conjecture that the tents struck is only the Light Infan-
trj", being detached, &c. Likewise oblige them to keep
their quarters, not knowing the infantry's intention or
destination. At 11 o'clock we embarked in boats, and
agreeable to orders rendevouzed at the Ward transport.
At 12 o'clock we sett off accompany'd by two floatting
batterys, for the intended attack of Chambeau, which lies
on the north shore, 7 leagues up the river above Point
au Tremble, Jind 21 leagues from Quebec.

19th. By daybreak we drew nigh the rendevouze for-
merly mentioned, at the same time discovered a large
topsail schooner on her way from shore, and bearing
down upon us, which would not be so conveinient ; but in
a little time they altered their course, by which we under-
stood they only meant to scheere off. About an hour
after we landed, to our surprize without opposition, being
two miles below the church of St. Joseph. We formed
a column, Delaune's and Garden's company forming the
van, and Fraser's company, with a detachm* of Koj'al
Americans, the rear guard. As churches were generally
the posts they occupyed we marched in the aforesaid
order without any molestation, excepting a few shott on
our rear which did not disturb us much. When our van
came in sight of the church of St. Joseph, a capt. of
De La Sare's regiment with about CO regulars made a
show of making a stand, which obliged the Brigadier to
make a disposition of attacking, not knowing but they
might be part of a larger body. On their seeing the head
of our column draw nigh, the capt. and his men withdrew
to the wood without firing a shott. Near this church found

2'"i S. VIII, Oct. 29. '39.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

347

a store-house in which store was all the effects, including
equipage and apparel, of all the officers in Quebec, civil
and mllitarj', besides arms and amunition, the whole
valued at 90,000 pounds sterling money, which we con-
sumed b3' fire. We remained at Chambeau till ^ past
three o'clock in the evening ; being low water we em-
barked on board our boats, carrying off some sheep,
leaving 100 cattle shott on the beach. Major Dalling'a
Light Infantrj' covered the retreat, which was done in
pretty good order, and without the loss of one man.
After we were embarked, and about 500 yards from
shore, the General ordered one Capt. Mophak, a sea offi-
cer who had the command and direction of the flatt-
bottoraed boats when without the troops or at embarking
or debarking, with two floating batterys and two flatt-
bottomed boats with troops in them, to attack the
schooner which lay dry on the south shore. On the boats
approaching the enemy fired two shott, abandon'd her,
and sett her on fire. As we were coming down the river
we was fired on by a party of Gannadians from behind
logs on the south shore; none hurt. Arrived by 10
o'clock this night at our camp ; part of the troops did not
disembark.

" 20th. The remaining part of the troops disembarked,
and the marines in camp embarked. Rainy weather.
At night disturbed by our sentry's firing at some strag-
gling enem}' coming to sculk by our camp ; the Light In-
fantry under arms till day, during which time it rained
very hard.

"21st. This morning thcBrigad"" (Geu' Murray^ sent to
the camp desiring Gapt. Fraser to come on board, signi-
fying to him that he considered a diversion up the river
to be of great consequence, and that every measure prac-
ticable should be taken to destroy the French shipping
(which lay about 24 leagues above the town or city of
Quebec) in order to clear the communication twixt us and
Mr. Amherst, proposing to send Gapt. Fraser with des-
patches to his Excellency General Wolfe, which after-
wards was dropt. Forenoon of this day Admiral Holmes
went on board a schooner in order to go and reconoitre
the French shipping and sound the channel.

"22nd. Some of our men went to pull pease this
forenoon, who discovered a party of the enemy and
returned. At night the Admiral returned from his re-
conoitring cruise.

" 23rd. A few men on horseback made their appearance
this morning, but on seeing a small party of our men
make towards them they thought proper to retire. At
12 o'clock received orders to get under arms, the whole to
mar6h in three seperate divisions, viz. the 3rd battalion
Roy. Americans to the right of our camp the length of
St. Groix, the 15th regt. with Gapt. Fraser's co. of Lt.
Infantry the length of St. Nicholas to the left of our
camp, under the command of the General, the former
division by Maj' Bailing ; the 3rd division in boats, con-
sisting of CO. Light Infantrj", commanded by Capt. Char-
ters of the Royal Americans. The consequence of which
scout ended in burning a battery, a sloop, and 2 saw
milns. The real intention was that if any of the enemy
made their appearance, and that we could not bring them
to battle, Capt. Simon Fraser with his co. and 50 volun-
teers of the 15tli regt. were to lay in ambush till next
morning, when they were to retire. At night Major
Bailing returned with his division, exchanged a few
shott with the enemy, and made one prisoner.

" 24. The General gave orders for the whole to prepare
to embark against tomorrow.

"25th. This morning fell down the Squirel, a sloop-
of-war, with the admiral, general, and the Avounded
officers.

" In the evening the loth regt. and 3rd battalion Roy.
Americans embarked. Capt. Fraser's co. covered the

retreat ; the enemy fired on us a few shot, only one sus-
tained.

" 26th. An order from General Wolfe desiring Colonel
5foung with the 3rd B. Roy. Americans and 200 marines
to land, and keep possession of our former ground at St.
Anthony. The 15th regt. and Lt. Infantry to embark
on board their flatt-bottomed boats, and return to Point
Levy.

" 27th. Passed the batterys ; not one shott fired at us.
Arrived at Point Levy at 4 o'clock, where we learnt that
1000 of the enemy in boats went up the river, who, they
imagined, would fall in with us in coming down the
river. General Wolfe indisposed ; greately regreted by
the whole armj'. We were ordered to take post in our
former cantonments 8 miles from Point Levy camp, and
to the westward of our battery.

"28th. Remained in our cantonments all day; nothing
extraordinary happened. At night, by favour of the
flood and an easterly gale, the Lostoff frigate, Hunter
sloop-of war, two catts, and one schooner passed the
town ; 200 shott fired at them ; one sailor killed, and two
wounded.

"The face of the camp at Point Levy intirely changed
owing to the great encouragement given to venders of all
kinds.

"29th. We are informed at Point Levy camp that
three Rangers have brought in three scalps from St. An-
dre, and took a courier with letters, orders, and directions
to the captains of militia and friers, desiring them to keep
constant guards, and inform the inhabitants that we shall
be soon obligad to leave the country.

" 30th. By order of his Excellency General Wolfe
the three Brigadiers assembled in order to consult the
measures most practicable for the good of the service.
The result of the conference not known by us.

"31st. By a deserter we are informed that the enemy
are sicklj% and discontented with their Indians. Meeting
four Indians of the Mowhauk tribe with an officer from
General Amherst, treacherously deceived them by pre-
tending friendship, and at the same time conducted to a
party of French, who made them prisoners, and thej' are
confined on board the frigates formerly mentioned. At
night the Sea Horse man-of-war, three catts, and one
schooner passed the town ; after receiving alarm, can-
nonading from the battery. None hurt.

"September 1st. All the houses below Montmorency
Falls, or to the eastward, sett on fire by our army. This
forenoon some cannon carried from the Montmorency side
to the camp at Point Levj'. Our troops there expect an
attack from the enemy this night, which is very desire-
able to all our gentlemen !

"2nd. The remaining cannon carried from Montmo-
rency this daj'.

"The Assistant Q""- Master-General marked the en-
campments for the Brigade and Lt. Infantry from
Montmorency to the left of our cantonments. We hear
that the additional company of our regt. are in the river.

"3rd. This morning the troops at Montmorency de-
camped, embarked in boats without the least molestation
or advantages taken at that important time of their draw-
ing off. Passing the Point of Orleans, the enemy fired
from their batterys (to the westw^ of the Falls) both
shott and shells, none of which made any execution. The
enemy's generosity in the above particular and critical
juncture is a plain proof that Monsieur Montcalm will
make no other use of the Gannadians then defend their
capital. He must be concerned to see Montmorency
abandoned, it not being safe for him to depend on part
of his troops to give the least annoyance ; likewise per-
mitting us to detach what numbers we please, to lay
waste their country, and still remain in his entrenched
camp at Beauport.

348

NOTES AND QUERIES.

L2nd S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59,

"This daj' Capt" Cameron of Colonel Fraser's regt.
died, much and justly regreted, as he was a most agree-
able, sensible, and benevolent man.

" We hear the Sunderland man-of-war was attacked
the night of the 29th ulto. by 75 bataves; the enemy
were repulsed with the loss of 4 bataves taken. In orders,
the Light Infantry commanded by Capt. Garden to re-
turn to the regt, and all the corps of Lt. Infantry to re-
ceive their orders from Colonel How.

" 4th. An officer and three Rangers arrived ia camp
with dispatches from General Amherst to General Wolfe,
whom the}' left at Crown Point the 8th of Aug. making
all preparations necessary for pursuing his design, and
first the possession of Lake Champlaine. We hear no-
thing of the contents in these dispatches further than a
random shott carrj'ing off Colonel Townshend, one en-
sign and three men of the Light Infantry.

'' This evening Capt. Cameron aforesaid hurried, and
Capt. Fraser of Culduthell with his aditional company ar-
rived in the harbour.

6th. The whole of our Light Infantry, under the com-
mand of Colonel How, to march ^ one mile to the west-
ward of Goram's post (formerly mentioned), where they
are to embark on board the men-of-war and transports.
As we were passing the river Eire Chemin the enemy
fired from a two-gun battery. None of us hurt; prodigi-
ously crowded on board.

"6th. Nothing extraordinary. We drove up with the
flood tide opposite Cape Eouge, discovered some men on
the north shore fortyfying the bay to the eastward of the
Cape, as also a house which they occupy'd.

" This evening his Excellency General Wolfe, with the
three Brigadiers, and the army of the intended attack,
embarked. The army in great spirits.

" 7th. Eemains on the same anchorage ground as yes-
terday. The General in the Hunter sloop-of-war went up
the length of Point au Tremble to reconoitre. The enemy
continues to work on the north shore.

" 8th. The General with the Hunter sloop returned at
12 o'c, orders for 1500 men to prepare to land on north
shore, and wait the night tide, under the command of the
Brigadiers Moncton and Murray.
" A faint.

"The Hunter sloop-of-war, one transport with Roy.
Americans, and another with Light Infantry, to fall up
to Point au Tremble, and return with the ebb tide in the
morning. The weather very rainy.

" 9th. The weather continues very rainy, which pre-
vents the 1500 men landing. We remained off Point au
Tremble. The remaining vessells in their former station
opposite to Cape Eouge. We can't perceive any works
on the beach, only small entrenchments from the mill to
a house about 300 yards to the eastward (belonging to
Point au Tremble), and discovers but very few men. 60
bataves " on shore ; no floatting batteries.

J. Noble.
(Tb he concluded in ou7' next.')

NORTHUMBRIAN NOTES,

To those of your readers who may be contem-
plating a visit to the north, as well as to others
who are always glad to know of the peculiar cha-
racteristics which distinguish each of our Eng-
lish counties, a few notes on the antiquities of

. * What are bataves ? [Probably boats — bataves being
used as an irregular plural oibatau. — Ed.]

the remoter parts of Northumberland will no
doubt be interesting, and I am glad of an oppor-
tunity of noticing also, through the medium of
your columns, the hospitality, politeness, and kind-
ness which universally distinguished all the Nor-
thumbrians we had the happiness to meet with,
in the course of a recent tramp through the
county.

In the churches there is not noticeable that like-
ness which often pervades all the parish churches
of a district. There is more variety, and there
has been probably more destruction than is usual
in other parts of England which have not been
so often the battle field of clans and parties.

Some early Norman work occurs in a class of
towers of which Bywell is a type, and Ovingham
(interesting as the burial-place of Bewick) a fine
example. The belfry windows are divided into
two lights, with round heads, and a simple hole
pierced in the space above, the whole being con-
tained in a large round head, very plain, and with
some attempts at a capital above the columns,
but most noticeably severe in character,

Norham church is of a more elaborate design,
its chief beauty consisting in a chancel of six
windows, five of them Norman, with deep rich
mouldings. The tower is also remarkable, low
and sturdy, as Norman towers always are; the
belfry windows similar to those at Bywell, ex-
cepting that they are two instead of one. The
chapel in the castle at Newcastle was apparently
designed at the period when the zigzag ornament
was very much used. The capitals in the same
chapel have very much of the classical about them,
and the whole castle is worth particular attention
as an instance of a building erected entirely in
one style. In the church of St. Andrews, in the
same town, there is much early work still re-
maining ; the chancel arch, which is ornamented
with zigzags, &c., seems to have been flattened
slightly under the superincumbent weight. The
church of St. Nicholas is celebrated for the grace-
ful crown which surmounts the tower. The body
of the church has no noticeable excellency, having
apparently been erected, and repaired, and re-
stored, until the effect is rather mongrel than
beautiful ,

At Mitford, near Morpeth, the church seems
to have been built in the interesting transitional
period when Norman was becoming scarce, and
the early English coming into vogue. The chancel
doorway shows this very plainly, a pointed being
enclosed by a Norman arch, and both beautified
with the zigzag.

Ford church, interesting from its associations
with the castle, and the field of Flodden, has been
restored ; but an old belfry remains, pierced for
three bells. The shape is exceedingly curious,
but requires an illustration or a personal inspec-
tion to explain it.

2'"^ S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

349

Older than any church remains with which I
became acquainted in the county is the Baptistery
at Holystone — a broad and very long basin of
water, perhaps some four feet in depth, where
St. Paulinus immersed 3000 converts. The crosses
are hardly worthy of that name for the amount of
religious feeling embodied in them. The prin-
cipal form consists of a stone pillar surmounted
by a ball, and standing on a broad flight of steps.
Instances occur at Bywell, Ryton, and Ravens-
worth. But the most important remains in the
county are, as may be supposed, connected with
military matters, and erected for offensive or de-
fensive purposes.

On the borders there are ruins of many towers,
into which the cattle could be driven, where the
women and children could find shelter, and
whence the warfare could be carried on from
loophole or battlement.

In Northumberland these towers receive the
name of " peels ; " but a perfect example of a
peel tower is, I believe, rare, if in existence at
all. That at Staward is best known from its
magnificent situation ; but there are others in
better state of repair. The birthplace of Bishop
Ridley, Willimoteswick, boasts a very fine tower,
the interest in it ten times increased because it is
so closely connected with the boyish days of the
great reformer. Of the more ambitious castle, or
fortress, that at Hermitage is a fine instance;
stern and gloomy it rises from the water's edge,
the fit home of that ogre of north- country le-
gendry, Lord Soulis.

Aydon Castle has far more of a domestic cha-
racter about it. More care has been expended
on its elaboration, and far more con;fort was
practicable within its walls ; and being almost
perfect, and most carefully preserved, it is worthy
a visit. It crowns a steep bank clothed with fire
trees about two miles from Corbridge.

T. Habwood Pattison.

INSCEIPTIONS ON FLY-LEAVES.

Attention having been directed in some of your
early volumes (1" S. vii. and viiii.) to the subject
of inscriptions placed on the fly-leaves of old
books by their owners, I send you a few which I
collected during a recent examination of the Ca-
thedral Library at Lincoln.

To many these scraps, gathered together hap-
hazard, may seem mere nugce ; but experience
will teach one that the fly-leaves, and even the
covers alone of old books, contain treasures wljich,
though mutilated, will gladden the heart of the
bibliomanist almost as much as a genuine Caxton,
or Wynken de Worde. As an instance, on inspect-
ing a book in this library of the sixteenth century,
the covers were found to have suffered from damp

so as to loosen the leather, and the component
thicknesses of paper, forming the millboard sides ;
whereupon curiosity prompted a peep into the in-
terior, and it was discovered that the millboard
had been manufactured out of a very early pack
of playing cards, many of which were quite per-
fect even in their colours. Such a case as this,
contrary to the usual doctrine, makes the cover of
the book much more valuable than the interior.
The mutilation of ancient manuscripts, and their
conversion into fly-leaves, is well known, but the
mine is not exhausted until the very strata of the
covers are as it were geologically explored.

But to return to the fly-leaf inscriptions : the
first one is very curious, and I should like to
know whether any other example of the same
verses is extant, as the reading of the last two
lines is somewhat doubtful.

" The honor of this booke,
Is John Wheler by name,
Desiringe the reder here on to loke,
And these wordea set in frame.

" Good reder what thou arte
I speake to thee unknowne,
Think ever in thy harte,
Let etch man have his one.

" Then canst thou not but give
This booke to me againe,
Whose habitation at this time
Is placed in Milkstrete.

" If witnes thou requirest,
Good witnes can I bringe.
Which will upon the bible swere
This thinge to afferme.

" Alas, thou gentle wite,

What pleasure cannest thou have,
Sith that j'e honor right,
ombly sectes to crave."

The book in which these lines are written is
entitled L. Fenestellce de Magistratibns, Sacerdo-
tiisque Rornanorum Libellus, 1538. Press mark
S. 5. 9.

The next book is a Homer ; inside the cover of
which is written " Liber Johannis Gooddall, Scl
Job. Coll. Cant." And on the fly-leaf—

" 0 mihi post nullos Goodall memorande sodales.
Donee eris felix semper amicus ero.

" Thomas Han-ison, scrip*."

On the fly-leaf of a Hebrew Dictionary : —

" Francis Xevill.
" Hoc est nescire sine Cristo plurima scire,

Si Cristum bene scis satis est si csetera nescis."

On the fly-leaf of Petri Rami Professoris Regit
Grammatica Grceca, 1 605 : —

" Michaell Honiwood, his booke.
" Damna fleo rerum sed plus fleo damna dierum,
Quisque potest rebus succurrere nemo diebus."

On the title-page of another book is this note :
" Deliver this book to my cosen M"" Hunniwood, fellow
of Christ's Coiledg."

This is doubtless the same Michael Honywood,

350

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>'d S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.

•whose name appears frequently in the books. In
many of them is the monogram ]^, which most
probably stands for M. H. — Michael Honeywood.
He was I believe the founder of the library, but I
-do not speak with certainty on this point.

In a book entitled Mundi Creatio, by John
Edouard Dumonin, Paris, 1579, is this inscrip-
tion : —

" Lingua sibi non est, loquitur per signa libellus,
Si dominum quseris proxiraa signa decent.

" Alanus Caer."
Another with name of owner : —

" Hujus si cupias dominum cognoscere libri,
Ejus quae sequitur linia nomen habet.

" Samuell Thoepe."

On the &y -leaf of Jacob. Arminius, Veteraquinatis,
JBatavi. Disputationes, 1614, is this inscription,
partaking somewhat of the nature of a reproof: —
" Mea philosophia scire Jesum."

In a copy of Lyndewode's Promnciale is this
memorandum of the bookseller : —

" This booke I do warrant to be perfect, and of the best
edition, and will at any time within a twelvemonth give
for it in ready mouy the sum of eighteene shillings. I say
18s.

" William Williams."

This is not dated, but in another book, Vindicice
EcclesicB AnglicancB, 1638, is a similar note, dated
July 23, —86 : —

" I promise to allow for this booke four shillinges Gd.
when ye are willinge to part with it againe.

« W. Atkins."

One of the books, Summa Angelica de Casihus
ConscienticB per venerahilem Fratrem Angelum de
Clanasio compilata, 1488, has this note on the
first page : —

" Iste liber est domus visitationis beate Marie in insula
de Axiholme ordinis Cartus' Lincoln' Dioc' ex dono Ma-
gistri Will'i Smyth rectoris ecclie parochial' de Belton,
A.D, Mill cccc" nonagesimo septimo."

The last book to be noted was the property of
a considerable pluralist, as appears by the follow-
ing inscription on the title page : —

" Jotes Armorer quondam vicarius de Suttou Valaunce,
Hedecrou, et Borden, modo rector de Pensehurst, Sci
Dionisii de Backchurche in London, et Ivey Churche in
marisco empt' de Doctoro Denman."

With this I will conclude, hoping to resume the
subject at no very distant period.

William Henry Hart.

Folkestone House, Eoupell Park, Streatham.

PROVERBS.

Proverbs found in the pocket-book of Sir
Samuel Sleigh, of Etwall Hall, Knt., Sheriff of
Derbyshire, 1648 and 1666 : —

" Patris mei * dicta sapientissima et in corde meo
manebant fixa.

* Gervase Sleigh, of Ashe and Gray's Inn, barrister-at-
law, buried in St. Werburgh'a Church, Derby, 1626.

1. " Ffor every lodging-roome yt y^^ have be sure y' y"
have an lOOZ. of annuall revenues.

2. " It is good to keepe a low saj'Ie, somew* below yo'^
meanes, and not to mount up to y" highest pitch of y
estate ; for if y revenues encrease, y" may add to y
frame vf^^ creditt, but w">out discreditt you cannot dimi-
nish itt. It is not good to fight over -head,

3. " If you live long and looke back into yo'' former
dayes, j'ou shall scarcely find in all yo"" experience two
faithfuU freindes amongst all yo"" acquaintance.

4. "Labor for knowledge, and to be judicious in all j-C
affaires, y* soe you may be able judiciously to direct yo"^
servants, ffbr else y^ shall be sure never to have yo'' busi-
nes well done, and y" if j'ou reprove them for those things
wherin you want judgment, they will be ready to con-
temne yo'' reproofe.

5. " Never entertaine into yo"" house, there to abide, a
better man than yo^'selfe; for then you shall never be
M'' of yo'" owne house.

6. " I never knew man desire an issue (estate?) onelj-
to doe good yby, but comonly y^ best men are most un-
willing to have y".

7. " It is y® corruption of magistrates -w^ brings go-
vernement, soe much as it is, into contempt.

8. " It is better to bow y" to breake.

9. "It is an excellent thing when grace and good-
nature meete ; and a great blessing to discend from parents
y* be of good natures.

10. " If a man live 40 yeares and looke backe, he shall
see y* he hath escaped many great dangers.

11. " W' man is }'' excellent for any friend (^fi-iente"),
who is not famouse for some wite ?

12. " Whilst y" live take heed of suretyship : lend
mony, if j'" be able, to yo"" freind, but be not surety.

13. " If y" keepe a low sayle, y" may live comfortably
of y' meanes y* I leave y" ; but if y" turn gallant all
my meanes will soone be devoured and consumed.

14. " If ye Mr and M" have not a vigilant eje, a ser-
vant will prove himselfe to be a servant.

15. " When y" live in y" country, it will be 3'o'' creditt
to keepe good hospitality ; for if y" goe hostly and keepe
a penurious house, j-" shall be but derided.

16. " If y" be to goe a journey, be up betimes.

17. " In y"" apparell, better to goe a little under y" over.

18. " If my debtors were not able to come to my price,
y» would I come to theirs.

19. " It is a great ornament to any man y* lives in y«
country to have knowledge in y« lawes of y" land, for
ybj' he may profitt himselfe and pleasure his freinds.

20. " It is good to make a virtue of necessity.

21. "I would have you to be as a father to yo'' brethren.

22. " I thanke God I have ever beene content w*'» my
estate, and would not change w*!" any man.

23. " There is noe estate of this kingdome more to be
desired y" about my meanes.

24. " Justices have y" cap and congie (Jtap and kongie),
and y* is all, for y" take great paynes and are much
more Ij'able to censure (if y" deale honestly) y" other
men.

25. " One can never well discerne y'"selves unlesse in
some other like unto y^'selves.

26. " I praj-se God I never in all my life rose from
table discontented with my cheare."

T. W.

Laurence Sterne. — There is always a satisfac-
tion in relieving a man from an unfounded charge.
In the pleasing article " Berkshire," {Qua7-t. Rev.

2°<J S. VIII. Oct. 29, '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

351

No. 211. p. 233.), Medmenham Abbey is men-
tioned as " the place where Wilkes, Sterne, and
the other roystering wits of their time met until
they made the neighbourhood too hot to hold
them." Of the sayings and doings — the impious
orgies and rites — of the "Monks of Medmenham,"
it is quite needless here to speak ; but this pro-
bably is the first time that Sterne has been num-
bered, and as I believe erroneously, amongst that
fraternity.

In the "New Foundling Hospital for Wit,"
four members of the club are named : Wilkes
without disguise ; the other three are partly veiled.
Sir W. Scott, in his notes to Chi-ysal, also men-
tions some of the members ; but as their descend-
ants may have been pained by the exposure of
the names, they need not be here repeated.
Nowhere is Sterne mentioned, and it is not
likely that a clergyman and an author of so
much celebrity would have passed unnoticed.
We know that Sterne mixed in Paris with excep-
tionable associates, and that sacred language was
occasionally used by him with disgraceful levity;
still we are anxious to redeem his character from
the serious charge that he formed one of a society,
twelve in number, which a baronet of that day
was able to collect around him, and which could
only have been formed at a time (1760) when
libertinism and impiety were carried to lengths
happily now unknown, and of which the excesses
of the French Revolution were the fitting con-
summation. J. H. M.

Note on Chaucer : Sire Thopas. — The " Rime of
Sire Thopas " ends with these lines : —
" Himself drank water of the well.
As did the Knight Sire Percivell
So worthy under wede."

To which Tyrwhitt appends this note T —

" The Romance of Perceval le Galois . . . consisted of
60,000 verses, so it would be some trouble to find the fact
which is probably here alluded to."

One does not much wonder at Tyrwhitt's not
thinking it worth while to undertake the search,
but one is rather surprised to find in Wright's
edition the above note repeated verbatim, espe-
cially as the Thornton Romances have now been
published fifteen years, and the passage alluded to
occurs in the VQvyJirst stanza : —

" His righte name was Percyvelle,
He was fosterde in the felle,
He dranke water of the welle

And 3ilt was he wyghte !"

J. Eastwooi).
Oracles in Opposition. — It seems worth while,
and not a little amusing, to note the following
direct contradiction between two oracles. Dr.
Johnson says : " What is coihmonly thought I
should take to be true" (see Boswell's Tour,
2nd edition, p. 24) : " General opinion is no
2»'iS. VIII. >io. 200.]

proof of truth, for the generality of men are ig-
norant." (Dodsley's Economy of Human Life,
Part II. sec. 3.) G.

Edinburgh.

A Regiment all of one Name. — Amongst the
deaths recorded in the London Magazine for May,
1735, p. 279., I find the following extraordinary
entry : —

" At her Seat, at Campbell, North Britain, the Dutchess
dowager of Argyll, Relict of Archibald Campbell Duke of
Argyll, who was deputed by the Nobillity of Scotland to
offer that Crown to their Majesties K. William and Q.
Mary; and afterwards for their Service carried over a
Regiment to Flanders, the officers of which were all of
one Family, and the private men all named Campbell. Her
grace was Mother to the present Duke of Argyll, the Earl
of ILA and the Countess of Bute."

The above is a literal copy, italics and ortho-
graphy, capital letters, &c. How many " private
men " were in this celebrated regiment ? and what
became of the body ? Can the Smiths produce
anything like the above ? S. Redmond.

Liverpool.

^wtxiti.

SIR THOMAS ROE.

(2"'»S. vii. 477.518.)

In the year 1636, the papers and correspon-
dence of this eminent diplomatist were the pro-
perty of Samuel Richardson, the publisher (Addl.
MSS., 6185, 111.), by whom they were oflfercd
to the " Society for the Encouragement of Learn-
ing" for publication; Richardson himself volun-
teering to bear such portion of the expense as the
Society might consider proper (Addl. MSS.,
6190.). The papers were placed in the hands of
Carte, the historian, for inspection. He carefully
examined them, and, in an interesting letter ad-
dressed to the secretary, and dated 20th March,
1636-7, gave an account of the collection (Addl.
MSS., 6190, 21.). He mentioned that he believed
that the correspondence relating to Roe's embassy
to the court of the Great Mogul had been already
published, and he stated that, from the time of his
being sent to Constantinople in 1621, there was a
continued series of his letters and negotiations till
the end of his life. He expressed an opinion as to
which portion of the papers it was desirable to
publish, and the manner of such publication, and
estimated that by retrenching letters containing
the same accounts (for Roe was in the habit of
writing several letters to different persons by the
same post or courier, slightly varying in details),
and by excluding those of mere compliment, the
work might be embraced in three volumes folio ; un-
less it were determined to print, also, translations of
such letters as were written in German or Italian,
of which there were a great number, in which

352

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Oct. 29. '69.

case, he thought, aa additional volume would be
necessary.

All the papers were carefully arranged by Carte
for publication ; and the first volume, containing
the Turkish negotiations, was published, with
some assistance from the Society in 1640, under
his able editorship. The printing of the second
volume was delayed in consequence of his absence
from England (Addl, MSS. 6185, 103.), and was
finally abandoned upon the dissolution of the So-
ciety in 1649.

Can any of your readers inform me : —

1st. Whether Roe's negotiations at the court of
the Mogul have ever been published, as supposed
by Carte ? And,

2ndly. What has become of the papers which
were in the possession of Richardson ?

With reference to the first question I should
observe that I am acquainted with the MS.
volume containing Roe's journal of the Mogul
embassy ; and with regard to the second, that Carte
specifically mentions, as being with Richardson's
papers, four long letters addressed to Roe during
the Mogul embassy, by the Earl of Totnes, " con-
taining a journal of occurrences, as well in England
as in other partes of Europe, from 1615 to 1617;
which containing," he observes, " short memorials
of facte, like Cambden's summary of King James'
reign, may by some be thought as curious." The
four letters to which allusion is here made have
been discovered in the State Paper Office, and are
now being printed for the Camden Society. From
the fact of their having been found in that na-
tional repository, it would naturally be concluded
that the bulk of Richardson's papers would be
found there also; but although there is an im-
mense mass of Roe's correspondence, which, for-
merly tied up in separate bundles, has now been
distributed according to the arrangement of the
Office, none can be identified as the papers which
belonged to Richardson. Carte mentioned having
placed a mark on some with reference to publica-
tion, but, having examined a considerable number,
I have not found one with any peculiar mark on
it ; and were it not for the discovery of the letters
of Lord Totnes there, I should conclude that
Richardson's papers might be still in private hands.
If this, however, be the case, how got the four
letters in question among the national archives ?
or how got any, or all, of Richardson's papers
there at all? I should mention that many of the
documents in the printed volume are found in the
State Paper Office. Counterparts might, how-
ever, have been used for publication. There is
also a memorandum in existence which shows that
a volume of Sir Thomas Roe's correspondence
was lent to the Earl of Oxford. This volume now
forms No. 1901. of the Harl. Collection, and con-
tains letters written by Sir Thomas ; whilst in
the bundles of correspondence for the same period
remaining in the Office, letters to him only are

found. Carte says, that Sir Thomas Roe's " letters
and papers are a treasure which ought to be
communicated to the world," and any light
which can be thrown upon their existence will be
a desideratum. John Maclean.

Hammersmith.

Minav cauarttd.

Boyle Lectures. — Can any of your readers en-
able me to discover who are the trustees of the
Boyle Lectureship ? Whether they have any re-
cords of the appointment of lecturers ? Whether
they have any accounts ? and to whom they are
responsible for the trust ?

I am led to ask these questions, first, by the
many gaps, not merely in the names of lecturers
(when they appear to have been appointed), but
by the occasional occurrence of ten or twenty
years during which no lecturer seems to have
been appointed.

Surely these things can be explained. It would
be interesting in a literary point of view to know
who the lecturers unnamed at present have been,
and it would be satisfactory to know that trust-
money has been applied to good purposes.

It cannot be that a foundation which has pro-
duced works by Dr. Richard Bentley, Dr. W.
Derham, Dr. John Jortin, Bp. Van Mildert, and Mr.
F. D. Maurice, is quite extinct; but if not, where
are the recent fruits ? and why is the catalogue
so unsatisfactory in the respects which I have no-
ticed?* An Enquirer.

Cooke of Oideu Hall. — Will one of your he-
raldic readers inform me Avhat were the arms
borne by the ancient family of Cooke of Geddy
or Gidea Hall, near Romford, in Essex ? ' Mo-
rant says, " Argent a chevron coupone argent and
azure, between three cinquefoils azure." Wright
copies Morant. Ogborne is silent. Lysons gives
" Or a chevron cheeky azure .and gules, between
three cinquefoils of the second." While the Visi-
tation of Essex, made 1634, diffijring from all,
shows this coat for Cooke, " Or a chevron cheeky
azure and argent, between three cinquefoils of the
second." Which is right? E. J. S.

The " 3'e Deian" interpolated. — Can you in-
form me of the locality of a criticism to the fol-
lowing effect upon alleged interpolations in the
" Te Deum ?" I retain a vivid recollection of
having read it ten or twelve years ago, but I have
been unable to find it. It is not noticed by the
latest writers on the Liturgy.

1. The versicles enumerating the Three Per-
sons of the Trinity are interpolated, and interrupt
the regular sequence of the hymn.

2. " Te Deum iaudamus" means "We praise

[* See « N. & Q." l»t S. vii.-456. ; x. 445. 531. ; 2"'! S.
i. 291. 343. Consult also Melmoth's Religious Life, by
Cooper, pp. 280— 285.— Ed.]

2»'» S. VIII. Oct. 29. *59.'\

NOTES AND QUERIES.

353

thee, as God," not " O God." Yet this mistransla-
tion in our version cancels the ofTensiveness of the
interpolated versicles.

3. Excluding the three interpolated versicles,
the whole becomes a hymn to Christ as God, such
as Pliny, in his celebrated letter to Trajan, repre-
sents the Christians as meeting to sing. " Soliti
stato die ante lucem convenire carmenque Christo,
qvasi Deo, dicere secum invicem." Was the " Te
Deum," in its original form, this very hymn ?

4. The versicles in the even places answer those
in the odd places, as far as the three interpolated
ones, after which those in the odd places answer
those in the even.

It seems to me a pity that the author of, at any
rate, so clever a piece of criticism, should remain
unknown ; and I therefore ask your assistance to
discover his name, and the place where it first
appeared. A. H. W.

Inscription in Yorkshire. — I recently met with
a irohen inscription, on wood, in a manor-house
in Yorkshire. It is of the time of Edward YI. or
Mary, and runs thus : —

" Soli deo honor et Gloria. I H C for thi wovndes
smerte, on thy fet & hondes two, make me m

ter is Poverte wi nes then iese with

soro and sadnes, I H C kepe the Fownder. Amen."

I fancy I have read, a copy of a similar (but
perfect) inscription in some topographical work.
Can any of your readers point out such a one, or
fill in the blanks ? W. Harrison.

Ripon.

Old Boodleite. — Can any of your readers in-
form me what is the precise meaning of the above
phrase, and what is its origin ? It appears to
describe persons in the last stage of stupidity :
" Fools, d — d fools, and old. Boodleites."

GWILTM GlAN TyWI.

Mile. Salle, or Selle, Dancer at the Italian
Opera in London. — Would any reader point out
where I may find a memoir of the above lady,
who was premiere Danseuse de l' Opera a, Paris,
and who was acknowledged to be the most ele-
gant of Terpsichorean performers ever witnessed ?
I have lately met with a few MS. notes con-
cerning her appearance in this country. In the
Grub Street Journal of 17th October, 1734, it is
stated that Mr. Denoyer * had arrived from Po-
land, whither he had been sent by George II. to
report on the merits of the lady, and which
having been favourable, she appeared on Thurs-
day, 26th December, 1734, at Covent Garden
Theatre in La Coquette Franqaise. It would
appear from Voltaire, that although she obtained

* Mr. Denoyer was dancing-master to three genera-
tions of our royal family, and lived near the Royal Palace
at Kew, when George IV. resided with his parents.

the most unqiialified praise in London, yet, per-
haps on that account, she met with great disap-
probation in Paris ; for Voltaire, in his poem on
" La Mort de Mile. Le Couvreur, celebre Actrice"
thus addresses her : —

" 0 toi, jeune SalM *, fille de Terpsicore,
Qu'on insulte & Paris, mais que tout Londre adore."

The Gruh Street Journal of August 19, 1736
states that " Mr. Denoyer, the famous dancer, is
gone to Paris, to engage Mile. Selle to dance
here the ensuing winter." I tliink that M. Selle
and all the family settled in England, ^nd were
residing at Kew, near their friend Mr. Denoyer.
The latter gentleman died at his town- house in
Albemarle Street, 9 May, 1788 {Gent. Magazine) ;
and perhaps some reader of " N. & Q." can in-
form me if Mr. Selle and his family permanently
domiciled in England.

An Admirer of lb Ballet.

*' The Watchman^' — Who is the author of the
following poem ? and where is it to be found ?

" When late at night, through lighted streets,
The watchman's voice the passer meets,
As homeward each pedestrian stalks,
Musing alone, or friendly talks ;
On passing things he loves to dwell,
He hears : past eleven o'clock and all's well."

P. Lomax.

Ancient Keys. — I should feel obliged for the

name of the best illustrated work on ancient keys.

Gilbert.

D' Angreville : St. Maurice. — The undersigned
will be glad to receive genealogical information
touching the English descendants of the Counts
D'Angreville de Beaumont, which is required for
one of the family who is preparing a work for the
press. He will also be obliged for a list of
churches in England dedicated to St. Maurice,
which is also required for a work preparing for
publication. R. W. Dixon.

Seaton-Carew, co. Durham.

" The Slave Ship.''' — Can any of your readers
inform me who wrote the words of a song called
"The Slave Ship," music by Russell ? Granger.

Winsley Family. — In searching the registers of
1560, or thereabouts, of three adjoining parishes
in Lincolnshire, the name of Winsley occurs With
that of Winkley or Winckley ; and as the regis-
ters, in two cases at least, appear to have been
copied, from the originals, there is a probaliility
that the entries are all intended for the family of
Winkley, the letter k having been converted into
the long s. Will any of your readers kindly in-
stance such a change either in copying or the
alteration of a name on its first introduction to a

* To which a note is added, "Mile. Sall^, celebre
danseuse de I'opera de Paris, etait alors en Angleterre."

354

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. VIII. Oct. 29. '69.

new locality ? Or can they state whether the
family of Winsley did reside in Lincolnshire ?
There are now, I believe, no members of the
last-named family residing there, although there
are many of the other. L. W.

HocJiabench or Aukabench. — Can any of your
readers oblige me with the etymology of the word
Hockabench or Aukabench? It is a name given
by the inhabitants of the village of Colerne, near
Chippenham, to some large old stones placed on
the summit of a hill commanding two extensive
, valleys, aiid on which the old villagers meet Sun-
day mornings to " discuss" village politics.

I have carefully referred to the old Saxon roots,
but can find none to enable me to satisfy myself
either as to its derivation or corruption.

Hubert S. Grist.

45. Florence Street, Canonbury, N.

Cooper Family. — What would be the most
likely means of ascertaining the date of birth,
parentage, and descent of Austin Cooper, who
was born at Byefleet in Surrey, in England,
where he had a paternal property, and wlio had
a son (Austin) born at Hampton Court in 1653,
and who, moreover, having purchased some lands
of one Hammond, a soldier of Cromwell, was
obliged, on the Restoration of Charles XL, to for-
feit the same ; whereupon he sold all his posses-
sions in England, and repaired to Ireland in
1661 ? Also, who the Cooper of Surrey is, men-
tioned in Burke's General Armory ? A. C.

Difference in Heraldry. — The crescent is said
in works on heraldry to be used to distinguish the
second son of a family or the second branch of
a family. In what way, when designating the
second branch of a family, was the crescent in-
herited ? by the head of that branch, or by all the
members ? I find on a seal attached to the will
of Gov. Thomas Dudley, who died at Boston,
N. E., in 1652, a lion rampant with a crescent
for difference. He must have inherited the cres-
cent, if, as represented, he was the only son of his
father (Ciipt. Roger Dudley), and yet he does
not appear to luive transmitted it to his second
son. Gov. Joseph Dudley, who used the same
arms without a crescent. Metacom.

Roxbury, U. S.

The Earl of Clarendon. — It seems odd that the
enemies of this illustrious statesman, having pro-
cured his banishment from the kingdom, and pre-
vented him from corresponding or returning to
it, should not have raised an objection on his
death to his body being transported into England
and buried in Henry VII.'s chapel in Westminster
Abbey. Perhaps some of your readers may be
able to account for his remains being permitted
to receive that honour. D. S.

Do Horses tremble when they see-a Camel? — The
author of Adam Bede, Blackwood, 4Lh edit. vol. i.
p. 68., says in reference to the "smart rap, as if
with a willow wand," given twice "at the house
door " (the death- warning of Thias Bede the
night he was drowned) : —

"Adam was not a man to be gratuitously superstitious,
but he had the blood of the peasant in him, as well as
of the artizan ; and a peasant can no more help believing
in a traditional superstition than a horse can help trem-
bling when he sees a camel."

I have italicised the latter part of the paragraph
on which I found my Query. Is this a fact or a
fiction ? The character of the work and the as-
sertion itself incline me to think there must be
some truth in it; but as I have never seen a
horse vis a vis with a camel, and never heard or
read the observation before, I thought it would
not be out of the line of " N. & Q." to make a
Query of it. George Lloyd.

Lord Bacons SJmll. — Quaint Thomas Fuller,
in his Worthies., art. " Westminster," after relating
the burial of Sir Francis Bacon by his express
desire in St. Michael's Church, St. Albans, adds

" Since I have read that his grave being occasionally
opened, his scull (the relique of civil veneration) was by
one King, a Doctor of Physick, made the object of scorn
and contempt; but he who then derided the dead has
since become the laughingstock of the living."

Is there any foundation for this story ? and, if
true, was the skull of the great philosopher re-
stored to his tomb ? Who was the impudent
charlatan, Dr. King, that dared to bold this me-
mento mori up to ridicule ? W. J. Pinks.

Cartmel, its Derivation : Service Silver : Gres-
son : Knowinge. — Dr. Whittaker, in his History
of Whalley Abbey, states that the above name is
derived from the combination of two British
words, Kert, signifying a camp or fortification,
and inell, a fell, combined, a fortress among the
fells. This I believe not to be the correct defi-
nition. I would prefer two British words, each
more definite than the above, viz. Cnrth., a cape,
ridge, or promontory, and meall, sand banks : or
there is another British word to offer, viz. moel,
bare of wood : either is appropriate, but the
former is certainly the more legitimate and ap-
plicable of the two. If your readers trace on the
map of England Morecambe Bay, where Cartmel
will be found projecting into the bay, and nearly
surrounded when the tide is up, by its waters and
its tributary rivers the Kent and Leven ; after the
tide recedes the scene becomes one vast desert of
sand extending for miles.

The earliest account of this place is by a grant
of Egfrid, King of Northumbria, to St. Cuthbert,
when consecrated Bishop of Hexham in the year
685, when he then gave him " Carthmell, and all
in it to the Church." (See Baines' Lancas.^ vol.

2'"i S. VIII., Oct. 29. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

355

iv. p. 715.) In the Taxatio Eccles. P. Nicholai,
it is written Karthimel, and Kerthmel. Leland,
in his Itin., vol. viii. p. 94., writes Carthemaile.
Camden, in his Brit.^ vol. iii. p. 380., writes Carth-
mell ; the same in the Parliamevtary Survey of
Church Lands, 1649 ; and Cm-thmele in a deed of
Prior Hall of Cartmel — and Kerthmell in a deed
of King John to W. Mareschall, Earl of Pem-
broke, the founder of the priory, in 1189. In the
time of St. Cuthbert there was a place named
Sudgedluit in Cartmel, which I presume to have
been the chief town of the district of Cartmel.
Nothing is known of it now. What is the mean-
ing of the name ? and is anything known of it in
history ? And also the meaning and origin of a
rent called "service-silver," the amount being
8/. 15s. 3c?, and with another charged on fifteen
farms formerly belonging to Cartmel Priory,
namely, a " gresson," or rent called the " know-
inge," of 11. 17*. \Od.y this latter payable every
second year and a half. James Finlayson.

Mechanics' Institution, Manchester.

Rev. Anthony Nourse Sanderson, was rector of
Newton Longiieville, Bucks, and died and was
buried there in 1793 or 4. I shall be obliged if
any of your readers can give information of the
Christian name and residence of the father of the
above. R. W.

Guildhall, Worcester.

Duke of Bolton. — Popular report says that the
Marquis of Winchester created Duke of Bolton,
affected mental derangement on account of poli-
tical troubles in which he was involved prior to
the Revolution of 1688. It is said that he hunted
in his woods at Bolton Hall in Yorkshire by
torch light. Can any correspondent of " N. &
Q." supply any information on this subject?*

M.4.

Minor «auertci tuttib an^toerjS.

Nell Gwyns House at Windsor. — The following
is a warrant from King Charles XL touching a
legal instrument executed in September in the
thirty-second year of his reign, conveying in trust
Buribrd House, &c. to Eleanor, or Ellen Gwynn,
for her life, and after her to her issue Charles
Earl of Burford, &c. Are the premises herein
described still standing? or is the site in Windsor
to be pointed out ?

" Cha» the 2"^ etc. To our r' trusty and r' welbeloved
Cousin Charles Earle of Dorset and" Middlesex and to
our trusty and welbeloved S'' Geo Hewit Bar' S'' Edw<*

* It should be stated for the benefit of those interested
in historical research, that a chest of ancient documents
relating to Bolton Castle and the estates, dating from the
period of the foundation of the castle, is preserved at
Bolton Hal!, the Yorkshire residence of the present Lord
Bolton.

Villiers Kn' and Will Chiffinch Esq. greeting. Whereas
by certain indentures of lease and release bearing date
the 13"» and H"" of Sept. in the 32"'i yeare of our reigne
and by an indenture of assignment d'ated the s^ 14"» of
Septemb. William Chiffinch Esqr. did by and with our
privity and direction grant release convey and assignc
to you the s<i Charles E. of Dorset and Middx, S"" George
Hewet Bart and S"" Edwi Villiers Kn* and your heirs
executors and assigns all that new erected capitall mes-
suage or mansion house now called or knowne by the
name of Burford House with the gardens orchards out
houses stables and appurtenances thereunto belonging
situate and being in New Windsor in the co. of Barks,
and by the s'' deeds the same are declared to be in trust
for Ellen Gwyn for and during her life and after her de-
cease in trust for Charles Earl of Burford and the heirs
males of his body And for default of such issue in trust
for us our heirs & successors for ever. And whereas our
intention was the sayd house should have been declared
not only with provision for the heirs males but also for
the heirs females of the !»' E. of Burford and for de-
fault of such issue of the s"! E. of Burford to and for the
use and benefit of the sayd Ellen Gwynn and her heirs
for ever and not in trust for us our heirs and successors.
Our will and pleasure therefore is and we do hereby di-
rect and appoint that you make and declare further trusts
and estates of and in the sayd premisses according to our
sayd intention herein before expressed by such deed and
conveyance or conveyances as the aayd Ellen Gwyn or
her Councell learned in the law shall approve of. And
for so doing any act or thing relating thereunto these pre-
sents or the enrollment thereof shall be a sufficient war-
rant. Given at Whitehatt the 7^^ day of Februarj% 168f ."

Cl. Hopper.

[We learn from Tighe and Davis's Annals of Windsor,
ii. 327. 441., that Yerrio's pencil was employed by the
king's orders to paint the staircases in the house at
Windsor in which Nell Gwyn resided, then, or soon
after, called Burford House, from being the residence of
her son, the young Earl of Burford, afterwards created
Duke of St. Albans. This house is the subject of KnyfF's
well-known large engraving, entitled "A Trospect of the
House at Windsor belonging to his Grace Charles Beau-
clerk, Duke of St. Albans, Earl of Burford, and Baron of
Heddington, Cap* of the Hon^Ji* Band of Gentlemen Pen-
sioners, Mifrshall and Surveyor of the Hawkes to His
Maj*'<=, and one of the Gentlemen of His Maj" Bed Cham-
ber (L. Knytf, De. J. Kip, Scu.)." The only letter of
Nell Gwyn's composition known to exist is dated
" Windsor, Burford House, April 14, 1684." (Cunning-
ham's Nell Gwyn, p. 151.) It seems that somewhere
about the year 1690, the Prince and Princess of Denmark
removed from this residence ; but it was subsequently
again occupied by the Duke of St. Albans. The evidence
in support of the statement that the house originallj'
occupied bj- Nell Gwyn, and subsequently hy Prince
George of Denmark, was identical with the premises oc-
cupied by the Duke of St. Albans, seems conclusive.
The house was situated on the spot now occupied by the
Queen's Mews. 3

Oath of Vargas. — There was a painting in the
Great Exhibition of Paintings at Manchester with
this title. Could some correspondent kindly in-
form me to what it refers ? Libya.

[Vargas is a name of such frequent occurrence in
Spanish literature and art that, before attempting a posi-
tive reply to our correspondent's Query, we should wish
for farther particulars.
^ Don Juan de Vargas, in his Aventures (Paris, 1853),

356

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"'» S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.

pays a visit to Pern, where his life is saved by one of the
Virgins of the Sun. Previously, however, she imposes
an oath : — " Ce que je vais faire me coiitera probable-
ment la vie, mais je vais sauver la tiennci Jure-moi par
le Dieu que tu portes h ton cou de ne jamais reveler ce
que tu verras, et suis-moi " (p. 56.). She then conducts
him to a safe retreat in the subterranean treasurj' of the
" Ingas." Can this be the "oath of Vargas" ? Certainly
the Don did not keep it ; for he proceeds at once to tell
us what he saw under-ground.]

Julitcs Ccpsar's Dispatch. — Where can I find
the celebrated dispatch of Julius Csesar to the
Senate of Rome, of Veni, Vidi, Vici, for I have
not yet been able to find the author who men-
tions it, or where it is to be found ? S. R.

^This celebrated sententious dispatch is mentioned by
Plutarch in his Life of Julius Cjesar. He says, "In the
account Cresar gave Amintius, one of his friends in Rome,
of the rapidity and despatch with which he gained his
victory over Pharnaces, he made use only of three words,
Veni, Vidi, Vici. Their having all the same form and
termination in the Roman language adds grace to their
conciseness." Suetonius (^J. CcBsar, xxxviii.) does not
mention it as a despatch, but as an inscription upon a
banner carried before Caesar, as suggestive of the celerity
of the victory.]

Quarles. — I have before me a volume of
Quarles's Poems ; the title-page runs as follows : —

"Divine Poems; containing the History of Jonah,
Esther, Job, Sampson. Together with Sion's Sonnets
and Elegies. Written and Augmented by Francis
Quarles. Now illustrated with Sculptures to the several
Histories, not in the former editions. London, printed
for Geo. Sawbridge, at the Three Flower-de-Luces in
Little Britain, 1706."

My object is to inquire whether the sculptures
exist anywhere but on the title-page ? My copy
is in the original binding, and it is evident that
no illustrations have been torn out, yet none are
to be found throughout the volume. Could some
correspondent kindly inform me if the sculptures
exist, and, if so, what are their number and cha-
racter? Libya.

[In the edition of Quarles' Divine Poems above referred
to, there should be, as the title-page intimates, " sculp-
tures " to each history, namely, six sm. 8vo. pages, each
containing /owr illustrations; besides the "effigies" of
the author and an engraved title-page, the latter ex-
hibiting a man poised upon a human skull, with a crown
and sceptre above his head. The entire series of illus-
trations is very poor indeed.]

" Breeches Bible." — A curious old Bible has
just come into my hands, and I should like to
know whether it is of any value. It is imperfect,
having lost first twenty chapters of Genesis. It is
bound in oak, covered with leather, and had iron
clasps. At the end of the Bible is " Imprinted at
London by the Deputies of Christopher Barker,
Printer to the Queene's most excellent Maiestie,
1599." Sternhold and Hopkins's Psalms are
added at the end, together with Venite, Te
Deum, Lord's Prayer, Creeds, Ten Command-
ments, &c. &c., arranged in metre, and with the

first verses set to music. Can you tell me who
turned these into rhymes, and who composed the
music? There is a commentary running round
and at the foot of the pages all through the Reve-
lation, called on the first page the " Annotations
of Francis lunius." Who was he ? In the " Song
of S. Ambrose, called Te Deum," in metre, oc-
curs " To thee Cherub and Seraphim, to cry they
doe not lin." This evidently means to cease, but
the derivation I cannot make out. Can anyone
assist me ? U. U. U. U.

[This is the commonest of all the Genevan or Breeches
Bibles. (See 1 Cor. vi, 9.) Sternhold and Hopkins first
published the Metrical Psalms, and to manj' of them
placed the initials of the versifier. Francis Junius was a
learned Dutch divine, whose life is to be found in every
biographical Dictionary. The word "lin" is from the
A.-S. he-Unnen, to cease or stop, to desist. See Richard-
son's Dictionary. The music, especially " The Old Hun- "
dredth," cannot be traced ; probably it was brought bj- the
Marian refugees from Switzerland. — George Offok.]

Astrological Prediction of Moore's Almanack. —
There is an annual publication entitled Vox Stel-
larum, or a Loyal Abnanack, professing to tell
future events from the position of the heavenly
bodies, " by Francis Moore, Physician," with, I
rather think, a motto of "Etiam mortuus loquitur,"
the sagacious Doctor having ceased to exist for at
least a century. But I wish to call the attention of
the readers of " N. & Q.'' to his Almanack for
April, 1807, in which (p. 9.) he prophesied the
death of the Turkish emperor, and adds, " if he can
save his life let him ; I give him fair warning of
it." Now I do not recollect how this prophecy
was fulfilled, that is the quomodo, but I remember
that the Sultan died upon the promulgation of
this prediction, whether from alarm or fright, or
whether it was suggestive of the use of the bow-
string by which his existence was terminated.
Perhaps, as the matter is curious, some reader of
" N. & Q." will be able to inform me ? *.

[Moore, in his Almanack of the following j'ear (April,
1808, p. 9.), has the following note : " The Turks and
Russians are very shy of each other ; and let the Turks
beware, lest they fall like their late Emperor Selim, whose
fall I predicted in April last." Our prognosticator seems
to have hit the mark for once, for Selim HI. was deposed
on May 29, 1807, and murdered July 28, 1808.]

Eikon Basilica. — Will you kindly inform me
by what marks the editio princeps of the Eikcoj' Ba-
(tlKikt] may be known ? A copy which has given
rise to this question has the following title, "Ej»ca)c
BocriAtK^. The Povrtraictvre of His Sacred Ma-
iestie in his Solitudes and Svff'erings. Rom. viii.
More then Conquerour, &c. Bona agere, et mala
pati, Regium est. m dcxlviii." Page 253. is
numbered 25., and begins, " which oft happineth
as well in clear as clowdy dayes." If 7iot the first
edition I shall be glad to know which. B. H. C.

[The copy of Eikon Basilica described by our corre-
spondent is the first edition, published on Feb. 9, 1648-9,

2»« S. VIII. Oct. 29. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

357

ten da3'S after the murder of Charles I. It ought to
have Marshall's plate, which occupies two pages, placed
after the Errata at the end of the Contents. The paginal
figures 253. are correctly printed in the copy before us.
Another edition appeared in the same year with the fol-
lowing imprint on the title-page: "Reprinted In R. M.
[Regis Memoriam] An. Dom. 1648." Pages 268. Mal-
colm Laing observes, that " had this work appeared a
week sooner, it might have preserved the King."]

SIB RICHARD NANFAN AND CARDINAL WOLSEY.

(2"^ S. viii. 228, 294.)

In starting this subject, Armiger made three
inquiries. (1.) " Is it the fact that Cardinal Wolsey
was ever chaplain to Sir John Nanfan at Morton
Court, Worcestershire ? (2.) Can any of your
readers inform me how long Cardinal Wolsey was
an inmate of Morton Court ? and (3.) Who is
the representative of the ancient Cornwall family
of Nanfan ? " The answer to the two first ques-
tions is, that Wolsey was never chaplain to Sir
John Nanfan, and never at Morton Court. The
writer in p. 294. who signs Red Hat and Stock-
ings — and who, from his adopting the eulogistic
phrases of that " great and good man," and that
" fine baronial seat," seems to be a perfect echo
of Armiger, if not an alter idem, — too readily
assumes for granted that Morton Court was
" once the abode of that eminent ecclesiastic,"
and that there must be " equal recognition of the
honour once conferred " on the " fine old baronial
residence " by " the presence of the cardinal," —
that " pious and learned priest," as he was called
by Armiger. The second writer proceeds to
say that " It appears that the cardinal was chap-
lain to John Nanfan, Esq., son and heir of Sir
Richard Nanfan, who was sheriff of Worcester-
shire in the first year of the reign of Henry VII.,
Captain of Calais, and a knight and esquire of
the body to Henry VII." Now, the answer to
all this misapprehension lies in the passage (quoted
by T. E. W. in p. 294.) from Cavendish's Life of
Wolsey. We are told by that charming ^old
biographer, that Wolsey, having fallen into ac-
quaintance with " one Sir John Nanphant, a very
grave and ancient knight who had a great room
in Calais under King Henry the Seventh," be-
came his chaplain. In the position of a chaplain
it was then usual for clerks to acquit themselves
as the active servants of their patrons in secular
as well as spiritual matters, and very often they
were more busily engaged in the former than in
the latter capacity. So it was with him whom
Armiger styles " this learned and pious priest,"
Thomas Wulcy, as he then wrote his name.
" Ilissaid master" (writes Cavendish) "admiring
his wit, gravity, and just behaviour, committed
all the charge of his office unto his chaplain, and

(as I understand) the office was the Treasurer-
ship of Calais." Consequently, it was at Calais
that Wolsey was chaplain to Sir Richard Nan-
fant, and not at Morton Court ; for, as Cavendish
proceeds to relate, on the old knight returning to
England, " his chaplain was promoted to the
King's service, and made his chaplain." The late
Mr. Holmes, the last editor of Cavendish's Life
of Wolsey, has appended the following note to
the name of " Sir John Nanphant" : —

" Probably a mistake for Sir Richard Nanfan of Birts-
morton in Worcestershire, who on the 21 Sept. 1485, was
made hereditary sheriff of Worcestershire, which ofHce,
however, he held onl}' two years, returning to the wars.
He was captain of Calais, and esquire of the bodj' to
Henry VII. The family became extinct in 1704."

There is no doubt that Cavendish made a mis-
take in the old knight's Christian name, but he
was probably right in that of his office. Sir
Richard Nanfan was not Captain of Calais, i. e.
Captain of the Castle ; but Treasurer of the gar-
rison and government — an office especially re-
quiring able administration, and one in which
Wulcy would have the best experience that the
times afforded for " a sucking statesman." Dr.
Nash, the historian of Worcestershire, who was
not a very precise writer, has led the way to the
mistatement respecting the office : in his pedigree
of Nanfan he styles Sir Richard " treasurer of
Calais, and deputy-lieutenant of the same," but
in his narrative (vol. i. p. 86.), " Captain of
Calais." This misled Mr. Holmes, who fell into
another error in stating that Sir Richard " was
made hereditary sheriff of Worcestershire," for he
was only so appointed for life — ad terminum
vitce. (Nash, vol. i. pp»-xiv. xvii.) It may be
added, that he appears to have been living in
1502, when he presented to the church of Birts
Morton, and died before 1510, when his son John
presented to the same.

Before I conclude, allow me to ask Red Hat
AND Stockings what are his authorities in speak-
ing of " Empson's house in Fleet Street, iier r
Temple Bar, which was occupied by the Cardinal
whilst Dean of Lincoln." I am aware of the ex-
istence of the painted board which designates a
certain hairdresser's shop as the palace op

HENRY the eighth AND CARDINAL WOLSEY, and

thereby " announces that it was once the palace
of that great and good man ; " but I have never
learned the origin of that proud assumption.
Among the few remains of old domestic architec-
ture that now linger in our metropolitan streets,
the house in question certainly presents an in-
teresting example of a decorated front : its car-
vings, however, are evidently complimentary to
the Trince of Wales in the reign of Charles the
First, or in that of James the First at the earliest.
To call it " the palace of Henry the Eighth " is
unquestionably the height of absurdity : and I

358

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'«i S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.

must admit, that I have hitherto regarded the
mention of Cardinal Wolsey's name, in connection
with it, with equal incredulity. But we are now
presented with the specific statements, that it was
" Empson's house," and " occupied by the Car-
dinal whilst Dean of Lincoln." For those state-
ments I beg to ask for proof: otherwise I shall be
disposed to agree (more closely than I have
hitherto done) with the assertion of Red Hat
AND Stockings that " certainly as valuable asso-
ciations — - so far as Wolsey is concerned — are
attached to Morton Court."

John Gough Nichols.

BEV. JOHN ANDERSON, MINISTER OF DUMBARTON.

(2"« S. vii. 435. ; viii. 255.)

As the career of this northern polemic seems to
interest some of your readers, the following notes
gleaned during a somewhat close examination of
the records, civil and ecclesiastical, of the parish
in which he was so long minister, may not be
consiflered out of place. The first to which I
would draw attention corrects an error into which
your correspondent C. D. L. has inadvertently
/alien as to Anderson's early career. From the
recollection of a missing memorandum, your cor-
respondent states that Anderson, before removing
to Dumbarton, had been presented to a parish by
the Duke of Montrose. On coming to Dumbar-
ton, in 1698, he is spoken of as a probationer — a
phrase that hardly applies to a placed minister.
At a meeting in February, 1698, "the Presbytery
being informit of a young man, Mr. John Ander-
son, probationer att Edipburgh, licensed by that
Presbytery, and who preaches frequently there to
good satisfaction both of ministers and people, at
the request of the magistrates (in whose gift the
living is), write him to supply Dumbarton." A
formal call being afterwards given by the parish,
the Presbytery proceeded with his trials in order
to ordination ; but on the 12th July " did seriously
posse him about his mariadge and principles of
Presbyterian government, but all the brethren
were satisfied with his answers ; so far that they
find it not expedient to object anything against
him upon these heads hereafter." A little farther
delay, however, ensued, and a committee was ap-
pointed to inquire into " the complex circum-
stances of the case." A favourable report being
presented to the Presbytery by this committee,
the ordination was fixed to take place on Sep-
tember 14th. The more prominent features in
Anderson's life from this point are noticed in
an article, of which he is the subject, in Cham-
bers's Biographical Dictionary. It has been
stated that Anderson was indebted for his first
advance in life to the Duke of Montrose. I have
always understood it to be the Duke of Argyle,

in whose family he acted as tutor, and with whom
he continued in habits of intimacy during his life.
It is highly improbable that, at the end of the
seventeenth century, the houses of Argyll and
Montrose would stifle their strong enmity to ad-
vance the interests of a poor scholar like Anderson.
Indeed, his strong Presbyterian sympathies makes
his connexion with Montrose a most unlikely oc-
currence. On the other hand his connexion with
Argyll cannot be disputed ; and if reliance could
be placed in one ofWoodrow's gossiping corre-
spondents, it would appear that John Anderson
sought through the influence of that family to at-
tain greater honour than he ever reached. Writ-
ing from Glasgow, on the 6th January, 1716, it is
recorded : —

" Mr. Anderson, of Dumbarton, is in town. I believe
that he is petitioning the Duke [of Argyll] about the
Principall of Edinburgh's place."

This must have been on the death of Carstairs,
when William Wishart, one of the ministers of
Edinburgh, was appointed to the Principalship,
In the Argyll and Burnhanh Papers (printed at
Edinburgh in 1834), from which the above is
taken, other notices will be found of Anderson's
connexion with the Argyll family. It may thus
be readily understood that when Rosneath parish
became vacant, James Anderson was none the
less acceptable to the patron from being the son
of the minister of Dumbarton. The " call" which
Anderson received from the North- west church
in Glasgow was most strenuously resisted by the
Presbytery and the Town Council of Dumbarton.

Among the Smollett Papers at Cameron House
in this county, which I had recently an oppoi*-
tunity of examining, there is the draft of a re-
monstrance indorsed " Paper against Mr. Ander-
son's Transportation." It is addressed to the
ministers of the Presbytery of Dumbarton, and
declares that there is no reason for the proposed
change, but to " satisfy the humours of a proud
people, who are the sons of pride, who delight in
robbing their neighbours of their property."
Several scripture parallels are then adduced, and
the remonstrance concludes with a desire that the
Presbytery should not add fuel to the fire of the
pride of the people of Glasgow, but rather seek
to quench it with the water of disappointment.
Another glimpse of this "transportation" busi-
ness is obtained in one of Woodrow's letters to
the Rev. James Hart, Edinburgh, and published
in the edition of his correspondence issued by the
Woodrow Society. I would be glad if any of
your correspondents could furnish me with the
exact date of Anderson's death. It was, I appre-
hend, between 1721 and 1723; his successor was
appointed in the last-mentioned year. Samuel
Royse published Verses Sacred to the Memory of
the Bev. John Anderson, Minister at Glasgow, ob.
anno 1721. If this is the correct date, it would

2°^ S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

359

appear that Anderson had not been more than a
year or so in his new charge, for his final settle-
ment in Glasgow did not take place till 1720.
The following list of John Anderson's writings, as
complete it is believed as can now be made up,
will illustrate his life more exactly than any ver-
bal account could do : —

" Dialogue between a Countryman and a Curat, con-
cerning the English Service, or Book of Common Prayer
of England. 4to., Glasgow, 1711, pp. 24.

A Second Dialogue between a Curat and a Country-
man, concerning the English Service. Glasgow, 1711,
4to., pp. 43.

The Countryman's Letter to the Curat, wherein, be-
sides a Historical View of the English Liturgie, the As-
sertions of the Author of the Fundamental Charter of
Presbytery, concerning its Universal Usage in Scotland
at the Time of the Reformation, are examined and proved
to be false. Glasgow, 1711, 4to., pp. 95.

Curate Calder Whipped, 1713.

A Sermon preached in the Church of Air on the First
of April, 1712. Glasgow, printed by Hugh Brown,
4to., .

Two Sermons preached at Hamilton, upon the late
Communion, by Mr. J. A., Minister of the Gospel, 1713.
(Probably by Mr. Anderson. )

Defence of the Church-Government, Faith, Worship,
and Spirit of the Presbj'terians, in Answer to Mr. Thomas
Ehind's Apology. Glasgow, printed by Hugh Brown,
1714, 4to. ; reprinted in 1820, 8vo.

Letter from Mr. Anderson, Minister of Dumbarton, to
Walter Stewart of Pardovan. Glasgow, 1718, 4to.

Mr. Anderson's Letters (six), on the Overtures con-
cerning Kirk-Sessions and Presbyteries. Glasgow, 1720,
8vo. [Writing of this controversy, Mr. Anderson re-
marks, 'I must needs confess that it is the most melancholy
subject I ever wrote upon. There was pleasure as well
as duty in contending with our prelatic adversaries ; but
alas, —

* In civil war, to lose or gain's the same.
To gain's no glorj', and to lose a shame.' 3

Works relating to John Anderson.

The Answer to the Dialogue between the Curat and
the Countryman concerning the English Service, or Com-
mon Praj'er Book of England, examined ; in a familiar
Letter to the Author of the Answer. 1712, 4to., pp. 68.

Robert Calder's Return to the Answer, folio, 1712.

Animadversions upon Mr. John Anderson, Minister of
Dumbarton, his Charge of Heretical Doctrine, &c., on
Mr. James Clerk, Minister of Glasgow. Edinburgh, 1718.

Two Sermons against Treacherous and Double-dealing,
with an Answer to Mr. Anderson, Dumbarton, by Wil-
liam Smart, Edinburgh. 1714.

Earl of Cromarty's Vindication of his Gowrie Con-
spiracy from Mistakes of Mr. J. A. 1714, 4to.

The Nail struck on the Head ; or an Indictment drawn
np against Mr. Anderson, Incumbent at Dumbarton, by
R. Cald«r, folio. Edinburgh, 1712.

Answer \>y Walter Stewart of Pardovan, to the Com-
plaint given against him by Mr. Anderson, now under
Consideration of the General Assemblj'. 8vo., 1718.

Verses Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. John Ander-
son, Minister of Glasgow; ob. anno 1721."

If these facts regarding the career of a local
celebrity, in which I cannot but feel interested,
are of any use to those who have been making
inquiries on the subject, my design in putting
them together will be fully accomplished.

J. Ikvinq.

PERCY society's EDITION OF " SYB TRYAMOURE.

(2°* S. viii. 225.)

Be pleased to accept an attempted explanation
of all the eleven passages (except the first) for-
warded by your correspondent E. S. J.
1. " Y may evyr after thj's," &c.

This line I for the present pass by, not being
able to suggest an explanation without proposing
a new reading.

2. " The fyrste that rode noghtfor thy,
Was the kyng of Lumbardj'."

'■^Noghtfor thy"=noi for they, i.e. not for them,
or, not on their side. Syr Tryamoure rode at the
justyng " on his fadur's syde " (for the Kyng of
Arragone," lines 735—6.). The fyrste that rode
" not for them," or on the opposite side, was the
kyng of Lumbardy.

3. " And yf hyt so betyde,

That the knyght of owre syde
May sle yowrys he wyth chawnce."

" May .... be " seems here to be a poetical
division of the old word mayhe, signifying perhaps.
" May sle yowrys be wyth chawnce "=" Maybe
slay your's with chance." That is, " If it so be-
tide. That the knight of our side i?erhaps chance
to slay yours," let that settle it.

4. " In every o/londe of moste renowne."

Two instances where of is thus used after every
are cited by Richardson : —

" Of everich of tho theoves." — Piers Plouhman,

(Of each of those thieves.)

" Everich o/hem doth other gret honour." — Chaucer.

5. " And sche answei-yd them there on hye."
" On hye" in haste, as suggested by your cor-
respondent. So " in hye :" —

" Tryamowre kyssed his modur iii hye." — 1. 907.
" In hie, on hie, in haste." — HalUwell.

6. " Syr Asseryn, the k3'nges son of Naverne,
Wolde nevyr man hys body warne."

" Warne, to denj', to refuse." — Wright.
Syr Asseryn would never deny any one, would
never refuse any man a meeting. To warne, or
refuse, his body corresponds to the military phrase
still in use, " the enemy refused his right," " re-
fused his left," &c.

7. " Then swere the fosters alle twelve,
They wolde no wedd but hymselfe,
Other we he hyi noght."

" Be "=&ie, to sufier. (Wright.) Then sware
the foresters (fosters) all twelve, they would ac-
cept no pledge but himself; "Other we suffer it
not " (we permit no other).

8. " The palmer for hym can grete."

" Grete" to cry, to weep, still used in Scotland.
" Can," here, as often, nearly equivalent to 'gan

S60

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n<i S. VIII. Oct, 29, '59.

for began. Syr Tryamoure having charitably re-
lieved a palmer, the pahner " for him began to
weep ;" — foreseeing the dangers which the knight
would have to encounter in the road which he was
pursuing.

9. "And let us sinalle go wyth thee."

Burlond and Tryamoure being both dismounted
in combat, Tryamoure smites off Burlond's legs,
so that " Burlonde on hys stompus stode;" and
Tryamoure appears to imply in his speech that by
this chivalrous operation he had reduced his anta-
gonist to an equality with himself.

" ' A lytulle lower, syr,' sej'de bee,
' And let us smalle go wyth thee.
Now are we both at one assyze.' "

What is smalle ? The last line, be it observed,
evidently intimates that the two parties were now
on an equality. " Now are we both on a par "
(assyse, position, situation) ; which may be ex-
plained by supposing that Burlond, previous to
the loss of his legs, was of extraordinary stature,
as well as of unusual bulk, which his name seems
to imply. Now as, in the preceding line, the
word smalle, taken in its ordinary sense, hardly
makes a clear meaning, I would venture to sug-
gest that it is here a contracted form of the A.-S.
sammcele, similar, consentient. " A little lower.
Sir, said he ; let us go snmmcele with thee;" i. e.
let us be on an equality. Cf. in Romance, semle,
similar, equal. So in Chaucer : —

" Witnesse on Mida ; wol ye here the tale ?
Ovide, amonges other thinges smale.
Said, Mida had under his long heres
Growing upon his hed two asses eres."

Ovid said not this " amongst (other) things
small," but amongst other things sammcele, i. e.
amongst other things of the same kind.

10. " And the knyglit be there assente

Schulde wayne wyth the lyynde."

Your correspondent asks, " Does wayne =
swing?" Probably so. " Waine, to move; to
shake or wag." (Wright.) If the queue were
found, she should be " takyn and brente ;" and
[if] the knight was found agreeing or consenting
(" assente "), he should swing on a gallows.

11. " To mete as they were sett in halle,

Syr IMarrok was there far withynney-ivys."

Your correspondent suggests " n-ithin y wis."
This is a very possible reading; for we find y-wys
in lines 210 and 956. But might we not take
withynney-wys as it stands ? So the learned editor
has left it ; and so, we may infer, he understands
it. Sir Marrok was far within-wise (quasi A.-S.
withinnan wise. Cf. the old Engl, withynne
forth, withynneforth).

In like manner, in line 496., " The hound ren-
nyth evyr y-wys, Tylle he come there hys mayster
ys, He fonde not that he soght," we might perhaps
read, " The hound renneth evyry-ioys" that is.

every-ivise, or in every direction (A.-S. aelce wise,
seghlwilce wise) ; just what a dog would do, in
order to find " that he soght." Thomas Boys.

SALE OF A MAN AND HIS PROGENY.

(2'>^ S. vi. 90. ; viii. 278.)

There were anciently villeyns in gross who be-
longed absolutely to their lord, and were saleable
in like manner as his cattle or his horses. And
there were villeyns regardant, or belonging to a
manor or estate, and saleable with it. The former
seem to have been simply slaves ; the latter serfs,
attached to the soil.

Then there was also a tenure in villenage; by
which it is said that more than one half of the
land in England was once held. Tenants in vil-
lenage were such as held land by the condition of
performing some base service ; but were not them-
selves the property of the lord, nor saleable with
the land. The lord could sell only his seigniory
of the land, with their conditioned services. This
would seem to have been a step from the more
ancient state of pure villenage.

Edward III. issued a commission for effecting
the manumission of his villeyns on payment of cer-
tain fines. This indicates a progressive improve-
ment in their condition, and seems to have aroused
a general movement: for in the 1st year of
Richard II. a statute was made to repress the
efforts of the villeyns to obtain their freedom. The
extreme severity of this statute is stated to have
been a main exciting cause of the insurrection
under Jack Straw and Wat Tyler.

In 1514 Henry VIII. manumitted some of his
villeyns, with all their issue born or to be born.
The form of the manumission ran : —

" Whereas God created all men free ; but afterwards
the laws and customs of nations subjected some under the
j-oke of servitude; ice think it pious and meritorious
with God to manumit," &c.

Hence we may perceive that a vast alteration
must have taken place in the condition and con-
sideration of the villeyn class.

In 1574 Queen Elizabeth issued a Commission
of Inquiry into the lands, tenements, and other
goods, of all her bondmen and bondwomen in cer-
tain counties, such as were by blood in a slavish
condition by being born in any of her manors ;
and to compound with them for their manumis-
sion and freedom. Herein we have distinct evi-
dence of the existence at that time of villeyns
regardant.

And in this way, no doubt, — viz., by composi-
tion either for a specific sum of money at once, or
for yearly fixed money-payments out of villenage
land — have villenage in gross, villenage regard-
ant, and villenage tenure, gradually been extir-
pated. They died out gradually. So lately as

2'«i S. VIII. Oct. 2d. '59.}

NOTES AND QUERIES.

361

1601, in a crown grant, I find amongst the general
VTords following the specific description of the
manors granted, the terms " natives, nativas, ac
villanos, cum eorum sequela." In 1684, a writer
states that " villeins in gross are now quite worn
out, and in process of time became like other
men." Yet it is asserted that, to a very recent date,
many of the labourers in collieries in Scotland
continued to be glebce adscripti, and not at liberty
to hire elsewhere without the owner's consent.

M. (1.)

The power of the master over his slave, the
slave's property and progeny, was absolute and
uncontrolled. The spirit of the old English law
on this subject is thus expressed by Glanville,
lib. v. c. 5. : —

" Notandum est, quod non potest aliquis in Villenagio
positus libertatem suana propriis denariis suis quserere.
Posset enim tunc a domino suo secundum jus et consue-
tudinem Kegni ad Villenagium revocari, quia omnia ca-
talla cujuslibet Nativi ita intelliguntur esse in potestate
domini sui, quod propriis denariis suis versus dominum
snum a villenagio se redimere non poterit."

The same principle of the absolute dominion of
the master over the property of his slaves is illus-
trated in this provision of the law of the Bavarians,
Tit. XV. chap. vii. : —

" Si quis servus de peculi« suo fuerit redemptus, et hoc
dominus ejus forte nescierit, de domini potestate non
exeat, quia non pretium, sed res servi sui, dum ignorat,
accepit,"

The preceding passages are quoted from Pot-
giesser, De Statu Servorum, p. 534.

From p. 533. I take the following extract : —

"... Servis nihil juris in rebus fuisse suis, sed omnia
ad dominum pertinuisse. Id quod porro ex eo consequi-
tur, quod servi cum omni supellectile et jumentis suis in
alios alienarentur. Exempla prostant in Traditionibus
Fuldensibus, ubi in Charta anni dcclxxix. duo itiancipia
cum eorum supellectile traduntur, et in alia anni Dccxcvi.
Ernustus donatEcclesiseFuldensi haereditatem suum cum
mancipiis, eorumque supellectile, jumentis et animalibus.
In alia charta anni dcccxx. Reinfriht transfert manci-
pia cum filiis, pecoribus, domibus, et cum omnibus uten-
silibus."

I refrain from making farther extracts in reply
to the Queries of A. A. ; but can assure him he
will find much that will interest him in the fol-
lowing chapters of Potgiesser : "De potestate do-
minorum in servorum conjugia;" "De potestate
dominorum permutandi servos;" "De potestate
dominorum vendendi servos;" "De jure domin-
orum in bona servorum viventium;" " De jure
dominorum in bona servorum demortuorum ;"
lib. ii. chaps, ii. iiL iv. x. and xi.

W. B. Mac Cabe.

Yorkshire, Cotton MS., Vitell. C. vi., written
1396-7. :

" Walterus filius Petri de Spineto dedit nobis, cmn
corpore suo apud nos sepeliendo, uuuani boratum terre in
Hornsburtone, et Henricum filiura Symonis ipsum te-
nenteni cum sequela sua."

One of the De Thornes was a leader against
the Scots, temp. Edward I. Senex.

In reference to serfdom in " N, & Q." of 1 Oct.,
the following occurs sixteen years later. In a
list of persons who gave lands to Meaux Abbey,

d&tjflitS to ;^mar <l^utrUi.

Seal Inscription (2"* S, viii. 311.) — I agree with
the editor that it can be referred to none other
church than that of Menigoutte. The usual in-
dication of the omission of a former s would be a
circumflex — Menigoute ; but the present mode of
spelling it with a double t indicates, I think, the
same. Still the difficulty remains — how can so
insignificant a church be supposed to have had a
treasurer and a Chapter and a corporate seal ? It
never was a place of any consequence. At pre-
sent, indeed, though it is the chef -lieu of a canton,
it has but 850 inhabitants ; and the church is not
even a mere eglise ; it is a succursale, or, as we
should call it, a chapel of ease to the church of
Vasles. John Williams.

Arno's Court,

[We acknowledge the difficnitj' suggested by our cor-
respondent, and can offer only a conjectural solution.
Menigouste, Menigoute, or Menigoutte, is placed by
Expilly in the domain (chatellenie) of S. Maixant, from
which place it is distant about 2^ leagues. Now, ac-
cording to Valesius {Notit. Gall.) there was formerly in
Poitou a Monastery called " S. Maxentii Monasterium,"
or " Cellula Maxentii ; " and the exact position of this
monastery, though it seems to have been, like Meni-
gouste itself, not very far from S. Maixant, is undeter-
mined. " Nomen proprinm loci in quo Monasterium
Maxentius exstruxit, Gregorius scire nos noluit : cujus
hsec verba sunt. ' Erat in his diebus vir laudabilis
sanctitatis Maxentius Abbas, redusus in Monasterio suo
. . . cujus Monasterii nomen lectioni non indidimus, quia
locus ille usque hodie Cellula S. Maxentii vocatur.'"
There is of course no difficulty in supposing that this
monastery of unknown site would have both a " trea-
surer," a" " Chapter," and a " corporate seal." Can it,
then, have been in its day that identical capitular " Ec-
clesia de Manigouste," which we find recorded on the
seal, and which Manigouste does not appear in more re-
cent times to have possessed? This idea is merely thrown
out for consideration. Let us, however, bear in mind that
a monastery was frequently called a church {Ecclesia).
Thus the monastery at Abingdon, " Monasterium de
Abingdon," was also termed " Ecclesia de Abbendona,"
" Ecclesia de Abbendonia," &c. {Chron. 3Ion. de Ab.
II. 95. 85.) In like manner a monastery at Menigouste
might be called (as in the inscription) " Ecclesia de
Menigouste." — But no question of this kind can be satis-
factorily determined without local knowledge, and we
shall be glad to receive farther information on the sub-
ject.]

Ahdias Ashton : Robert Hill (2"^^ S. viii. 336.)—
Abdias Asheton (no doubt the chaplain of the
Earl of Essex) became a Fellow of St. John's
College in 1589. Lewis's authority (for the state-

362

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Oct. 29. '5&.

ment made above, p. 302.) is Sam. Clarke's Lives
of Divines (1677, fol., pp. 250, 251.) He left 100
marks to the college for the purchase of books
(see book-plate in volume marked O. 5. 23.). He
was rector of Middleton, Lancashire.

He is best known, however, as author of the
Latin life of Dr. Wm. Whitaker, the Professor of
Divinity, to whom Ranke has just paid a well-
merited tribute of praise. This was published
separately, and is also included in Whitaker's
Collected Works, where may also be seen (vol. i.
p. 707.) verses in honour of Whitaker signed
"A. A."

See, too, Biogr. Britan. (1st ed., p. 2157.), and
Strype's Whitgift (8vo. ed.) as cited in the Index
to Strype. If M. P. is curious to know more of
Asheton, I will send him a copy of the book-plate,
and will also search for the entry of his admission
at St. John's, which (if it can be found) will most
likely give some particulars of his parentage, &c.

If, as I suppose, M. P. is interested about Ashe-
ton chiefly on the score of his attachment to the
Earl of Essex, it may not be out of place here to
give the title of a work translated by R. Hill,
•who was admitted Fellow of St. John's the year
before Asheton : —

" Bucanus (William, Professor of Divinitie in the Uni-
versitie of Lausanna). Institutions of Christian Religion
framed out of God's Word, translated by Robert Hill of
St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 1606, 4to. Dedicated to the
hopeful young Lord Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex."

J. E. B. Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

The Great St. Leger (2°* S. viii. 225.) — I am
not aware that there exists any very authentic
account of the origin of this celebrated race. Dr.
Miller, who published a History, of Doncaster
about 1804, makes no mention of it whatever.
Mr. Hunter, in his History of South Yorkshire,
published in 1828, states under Doncaster that
"in 1776 the famous St. Leger stakes were
founded, the first race being won by the Marquis
of Rockingham's horse Sampson." I think, how-
ever, that the name of the first winner was AUa-
baculia, by Sampson. In the absence of better
authority I believe I am correct in stating that
the name was given to the stakes out of compli-
ment to Lieut.- General Anthomi St. Leger, who
at that time resided at Park Hill in the neigh-
bourhood of Doncaster. He is said to have ori-
ginated the race in the year 1776, but I have been
informed that it was not until two years after
(1778) that it was formally styled "the St.
Leger," and that the name was then given to it by
the Marquis of Rockingham at a dinner at the Red
Lion Inn, Doncaster. General St. Leger above
mentioned married in 1761, Margaret, daughter
and coheiress of Wm. Wombwell, Esq., of Womb-
well. She died without issue Dec. 20, 1776. The
General died in 1786, and was succeeded in his

estate at Park Hill by his nephew, Major-Gene-
ral John St. Leger, commonly called " Hand-
some Jack St. Leger," the friend and companion
of George IV. when Prince of Wales. To the
latter General the foundation of the St. Leger
race has been frequently attributed, but, as it ap-
pears, erroneously. Of him there was, and I dare
say still is, at Park Hill, a portrait by Sir Joshua
Reynolds, together with one of his royal friend
by Hoare. General John St. Leger died in India,
unmarried, I believe, in 1799. C. J.

Two Kings of Brentford (2°* S. viii. 228.) —
I have never met with the legend to which your
correspondent refers, and have waited some weeks
for a reply to his Query. It has occurred to me
that the proverb that " there cannot be two kings
of Brentford " may refer to Edmund Ironside and
Cnute. Upon the death of Ethelred, in 1016, all
the witan who were in London and the townsmen
proclaimed Edmund as their king, whilst his rival,
the Danish King Cnute, received the support of the
country. Several bloody battles were fought: one
of them, in which great slaughter took place,
being at Brentford. Subsequently a peace was
concluded in which a partition of the kingdom
was agreed upon, and the two kings met and mu-
tually swore to observe it. Soon afterwards,
however. King Edmund was brutally murdered at
Brentford through the treachery of his brother-
in-law, Edric, who was the first to bring the news
to Cnute, and salute him as sole king. Cnute does
not appear to have been privy to this tragedy, and
though at the time he deemed it politic to conceal
his feelings, finally visited the criminal with the
punishment he deserved ; for in the following
year he caused Edric to be executed, and his head
placed on the highest tower in London. Our
early annalists do not very closely agree in their
accounts of this troublous period ; but this hint
may lead others better qualified than I am to in-
vestigate the subject. John Maclean.
Hammersmith.

Book-Markers (2°* S. viii. 301.) —If Profes-
sor De Morgan will pay a visit to Messrs.
Marion, Regent Street, he will there find book-
markers to his taste, at least in one respect, viz.
so far as material is concerned ; but I think he
will object to the mode in which they are manu-
factured, as for prettiness' sake they are both
coloured and embossed. Still there is no reason
why plain white paper markers of the same kind
and pattern should not be stamped out for those
whose reading is not purely a matter of amuse-
ment, and who would therefore prefer the useful
to the ornamental. I have no doubt Messrs. Ma-
rion would take a hint, if they have not already
provided the desideratum. Those I refer to, and
which I have used, point well, and are not given to
dropping out. R. W. Hackwood.

2n<> S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

363

" O wTiar got ye that bonnie blue bonnet" (2°'' S.
vlii. 148. 258.) —

[By the courtesy of the editor of another Scottish
Journal, The Dundee Courier, we are enabled to lay be-
fore our readers the following farther illustration of this
ballad. The writer, in his communication to The Dundee
Courier of the 12th October, observes, " from the song I
send it will be seen that the words quoted by D. M. I.
do not likely belong to the 'Lost Flower,' but to the
song of ' Bonnie Dundee.' "]

" The song which I give below was published
in the second vcl«me of Urbani's Select Collection
of Original Scottish Airs, for the Voice," Sfc,
which was entered at Stationers' Hall in 1794.
The song is set to the air of "Bonnie Dundee."
There is no author's name given. The few words
of difference may arise from D. M. I.'s memory
proving treacherous during the lapse of sixty
years : —

" BONIE DUNDEE.

" 0 whaur did ye get that hauver meal bannock,

0 silly blind body, O dinna ye see ?
I gat it frae a young brisk sodger laddie,

Between Saint Johnston, and bonie Dundee.
O gin I saw the laddie that gae me't,

Aft has he doudl'd me upon his knee ;
May heaven protect my bonnie Scots laddie,

And send him safe hame to my babie and me.

" My blissin's upon thy sweet wee lippiel
My blissin's upon thy bonnie e'e bree ;
Thy smiles are sae like my blythe sodger laddie,

Thou's ay the dearer, and dearer to me !
But I'll big a bower on yon bonnie banks,
Whare Tay rins wimplin' by sae clear;
And I'll deed thee in the tartan sae fine.
And mak' thee a man, like thy daddie dear.

« J. M.»
« Mains, October 10, 1859."

Jacobite Manuscripts (2"* S. viii. 307.) — The
Jacobite MSS. described by Mr. J. P. Phillips
are of no value, as the first three were printed in
various brochures setting forth Prince Charles's
proclamations and edicts in the years 1745 and
1746, and the two last, namely, letters from the
Prince to his father, dated at Perth and at Pinlcie,
are fabrications. It was common for the Jacobites
to circulate these and similar documents in manu-
script, and hence, no doubt, the existence of the
packet " carefully preserved among the muni-
ments at Picton Castle." R. Chambers.

Edinburgh.

Ephraim Pratt (2"'^ S. viii. 11. 137.) — There
are some errors in the account of this person
which your correspondent copied for you from
Allen's Biographical Dictionary. No John Pratt
resided at Plymouth, N. E. in 1620; but a Phi-
nehas Pratt, probably the ancestor of Ephraim,
was there a few years later.

Though Ephraim Pratt lived to a great age, it
was not a remarkable one. This is made clear in
the Genealogy of the Rice Family, by Andrew H.
Ward, an octavo volume published at Boston, U.

S. in 1858. Mr. Ward devotes a long note to the
subject on pp. 14-16. From public records he
finds that Ephraim Pratt was born at Sudbury,
Mass., Nov. 30, 1704. The error in regard to
his age was pointed out by Rev. Dr. Sumner of
Shrewsbury, Mass., in June, 1804. The Massa-
chusetts Spy, a newspaper published at Worces-
ter, Mass., in its issue June 6, 1804, notes the
death of Mr. Pratt of Shutesbury, " on the 22d
ult., aged 116 yrs. 5 mos. and 22 days." Rev. Dr.
Sumner sent a communication to the Spy, which
appeared the next week, in which he gave the
date of Pratt's marriage to Martha Wheelock,
July 9, 1724, and the births of their six sons and
two daughters from the records. Assuming that
he was 21 years old, as represented, when married,
the doctor concluded that Pratt was about 101
years old when he died. This was two years too
much, as his real age was 99 years 5 months 22
days.

Michael or Micah Pratt, son of Ephraim, was
born April 5, 1731. This materially reduces his
age at his death in 1826.

The story of Pratt's great age was first pub-
lished in the Gazette, a newspaper printed at
Windsor, Vt., from which it was copied into the
Massachusetts Spy for Aug. 5, 1801. President
Dwight, probably induced by this story to do so,
visited Pratt at Shutesbury, Nov. 13, 1803 ; and
he gives an account of the interview in his Travels,
vol. ii. p. 358. Pratt must have connived at the
error, if it did not originate with him. Metacom.

Koxbury, U. S.

Dr. Johnson's Chair (2»« S. viii. 68.) — The
favourite easy chair of my illustrious kinsman,
Samuel Johnson, referred to by Mr. Paternoster
in " N. & Q." July 23rd, is now (together with
the crimson velvet cushion on which Mary Queen
of Scots kneeled at her execution), in my posses-
sion. I have purchased them of Mr. Pater-
noster. His fears lest the chair should " pass
into unworthy hands " were not altogether ground-
less. It has fallen into mine. I " would they
were worthier."

J. H. Shorthocse, M.D., LL.D.

Carshalton, Surrey.

Somersetshire Poets (2"^ S. viii. 204. 258. 319.)
— Southey was born at No. 11. Wine Street, and
afterwards resided in Terrel Street, both in the
city of Bristol, and on the Gloucestershire side of
the river Avon. He subsequently removed to
Westbury-on-Trym in that county.

Chatterton's family for many years rented a
small house on Redcliffe Hill, behind that now
occupied by Mr. Isaac Selfe, chemist and druggist,
and there, in all probability, the poet was born ;
his father, who died before his birth, having been
Master of Pile Street School, close to the east end
of Redcliffe church. That he was born in the

364

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. VIII. Oct. 29. '59.

part of St. Mary Redcliffe, the whole of which is
on the Somersetshire side of the river Avon, there
can be no doubt. " That Chatterton was very
unpopular with the corporation of Bristol " as
such (2"^ S. viii. 234.) is simply absurd; they had
no reason as a body to care anything about him.
*' Railroad improvements have (not) demolished
the little school in which he first received the
early rudiments of education." It is still standing,
and is, I believe, a school now. Geobgb Pbtcb.
Bristol City Library.

The River Liffey (2"« S. viii. 311.)— Your
correspondent Frances Setmoub asks for the
meaning of the name "Anna Liffey," sometimes
given to the river which runs through Dublin.
It is an Anglicised representation of three Irish
words, Amhan na Life ; the first word AmJian^
pronounced auwon, signifies a river. It is cognate
with the Latin amn-is, and the Sanscrit aub, and
is the name still borne by your English river the
Avon. The second word na is the genitive case of
the definite article, and signifies of the. The third
word is the proper name of the great plain through
which the river flows. Thus Amhan rta Life signi-
files the river of the Life, that is the river of the
plain called the Life or Liffey. By " the Liffey,"
no ancient authority ever meant the river, but
only the extensive plain anciently so called, in
which Dublin stands. Hence, when they spoke of
the river, they called it Amhan-na-Life (Angli-
cised into Anna Liffey), the river of this cele-
brated plain. HiBEBNicus.

Mrs. B. Hoole (2'''' S. viii. 311.) — Z. A. is
informed that The Little Dramas for Young Peo-
ple, on Subjects taken from English History, by the
above named lady, was published by Longmans,
1810, pp. 128. The dramas are —

The Death of Henry II.

The Flight of Queen Margaret.

The Death of Lady Jane Grey.

The Fortitude of Lady Rachel Russel.
With notes on each drama. Gilbebt.

Heraldic Query (2"^ S. viii. 292.) — In answer
to C. W. B., I think there is no doubt but the
husband of a lady, whose father has died and left
no male descendants, has a right to bear her arms
on an escutcheon of pretence, and that her chil-
dren have a right to quarter her arms. Sir J.
Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, in his most
interesting book. Vicissitudes of Families, has this
remark in a note to his Essay on Heraldry, " The
term ' heiress,' in heraldry, does not apply to the
succession to property." J. A. Pn.

Vertuc's " Draughts " (2"* S. viii. 26. 93. 156.)
— .In Thomas Thorpe's Bibliotheca Manuscripta
for 1844, pp. 138-40., is a long description of a
collection of 31 volumes of MSS. which he then
had for sale, that were entirely in the autograph

of George Vertue the engraver, containing a
complete " History of the Fine Arts, and of the
Royal Antiquarian Societies;" also an account
of Vertue's various journeys over England in
search of materials for his great national work.
Articles of curiosity, routed out by him, Thorpe
states, are fully described, with dimensions, &c.,
and frequently illustrated with pen-and-ink draw-
ings, " very spirited," of ancient pictures, coins,
medals, statues, carvings, and other objects of in-
terest.

Can these drawings be the " draughts " that
Sheen is anxious to discover ? If so, this scrap
of information may assist him in his inquiries.

Wm. Geoege.

Bristol.

Mdzena's Dog (2"^ S. viii. 291.) — Fitzhop-
KiNS will, perhaps, be vexed to hear that the
hu7id in question belongs to

" 3Iacenas — atavis edite regibus."

The apostrophe ought to be after the s to mark the .
genitive, and the substitution of z for c is a very
questionable, though not un-Heineish, way of
spelling Latin and other foreign names ; but we
must not " cut " an old friend for a misprint or a
" germanising tendency " either. " A man 's a
man for a' that," and Southey had much pleasure
in recognising Montesquieu even under the terri-
ble alias of Mules Quince. A Magyar Exile.
Edinburgh.

Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports : Coi-oner
(2°^ S. viii. 310,) — The Lord Warden, I believe,
still appoints a coroner for the Cinque Ports. What
are his duties, or how far they extend, I do not
know. But it was one of the functions of the
mayor of Dover to exercise the duties of coro-
ner within that port, until the Municipal Cor-
poration Act of William IV., which relieved him
of that duty, and gave to the town council the
power of appointing a coroner. In the case pro-
posed, of a man drowned off the pier, the inquest
is taken by the present respectable coroner of
" Dover and its'Limbs " so elected. D. S.

Marrying under the Galloivs (P* S. vii. 84. ; xii.
257. 348.) —

" Nine j'oung women dressed in white, each with a
white wand in her hand, presented a petition to his Ma-
jesty (George I.) on behalf of a young man condemned
at Kingston Assizes for burglary, one of them offering to
marrj'him under the gallows in case of a reprieve." —
Parker's London News, April 7, 1725.

W. J. Pinks,

Boohs Burnt (1" S. passim.) — Your correspon-
dents have not, I think, noticed any instance of
the Holy Bible having been treated with this in-
dignity. Without going back to the period when
such a sacrilegious act was committed frequently
by the highest authorities in England, I need

2»« S, VIIL Oct. 29. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

365

only refer to two late instances in Ireland. In
1854 a person was convicted at the Assizes at
Londonderry of the crime, and sentenced to six
months' imprisonment; and in November, 1855, a
similar offence was committed in Kingstown, co.
Dublin, and caused very great excitement.

Y. S. M.

Serranus's " Platonis Opera " (2°^ S. viii. 310.
311.) — Brunet's French measure of Serranus's
Plato of 14 inches 10 lines equals 15| inches Eng-
lish measure. The rare ^ne paper of this book is
not taller than the common paper copies, but
rather wider. H. F.

^t^reUsneaus.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

j\^ew Exegesis of Shakspeare : Interpretation of his Prin-
cipal Characters and Plays on the Principle of Races.
(A. & C. Black.)

The object of this extraordinary volume, certaialy one
of the most original which the writings of Shakspeare
have ever called forth, is to illustrate the aesthetic imity
which Shakspeare had in his own genius; and which,
to use the author's own words, "he stamped on his
writings by a necessity no less organic." Ethnology
is brought to the aid of criticism; and while lago is
considered as the type of the Romano-Italic race,
Hamlet, " the masterpiece of Shakspeare as a portrait,
not as a play," is claimed as an ideal of the Gothic race,
and " the hkeness is attested by the native admira-
tion." But, " as in the animal system the third or
nervous tissue is the mediator, the combiner and the re-
gulator of the extreme tissues, so in the social life of
Europe the race which executes the like function, of suc-
cessively controlling and progressively organising the
despotic and dispersive instincts of the Italic and Teu-
tonic races, is, as indicated by its history and local posi-
tion, the Celtic," — and of this race, of which Shakspeare
is -one, Macbeth is in his writings the great tA'pe. Such
is this new contribution to Shakspearian literature : and
if the writer laughs at those tninores gentium who have
sought to illustrate the works of the great dramatist from
"old spellings, old readings, old editions, contemporary
pamphlets, anecdotes, allusions, personal transactions,
account books, localities, dates and days," and prefers him-
self to criticise Shakspeare " on the principle of Races,"
he will doubtless be prepared to hear that such matter-
of-fact commentators, while recognising his genius and
originality, pronounce his new Exegesis of Shakspeare
to be

". , . a work where nothing's just or fit.
One glaring Chaos and wild heap of wit."

Dura Den : a Monograph of the Yellow Sandstone, and
its remarkable Fossil Remains. By John Anderson, D.D.,
&c. (Constable & Co.)

This beautiful monograph owes its origin to the dis-
covery in November last of more than a thousand fossil
fish, within the space of little more than three square
3'ards, in the yellow sandstone of Dura Den, near Cupar,
Fifeshire. Many of these were of large dimensions, hav-
ing their several organs of head, teeth, scales, and fins,
most beautifuUj- preserved. They are here presented to
the eye of the geologist in a series of carefully tinted
lithographs : while an introductory' chapter on the cha-
racteristic rocks of the district would prepare a tyro in

the science to appreciate the discoveries which are next
narrated. Altogether, the book forms as complete and
useful a manual for the visitor to the district, as could
possibly be put into his hands.

Women Artists of all Ages and Countries. By Mrs. E.
F. Emmet. (Bentlej-.)

Founded in some degree upon a little work published
by Professor Guhl of Berlin, but enlarged by many per-
sonal details in the history of the female votaries of the
brush and chisel, Mrs. Emmet's volume will please two
classes of readers. Those who desire to know how women
have acquitted themselves in a branch of study which re-
quires steady perseverance to be added to genius in
order to ensure success, will find in Mrs. Emmet's bio-
graphical sketches many instructive examples; while
its perusal will animate and delight the second class of
readers; and, to use Mrs. Emmet's own words, inspire
with courage and resolution those who are anxious to
overcome difficulties in the achievement of honourable
independence. Many of the biographical sketches are of
considerable interest.

Tlie Quarterly Review, which has just been issued, is
altogether a good one, although it does not contain any
of those gossipy articles which are so characteristic of
The Quarterly. Ai-chitecture in all Countries is a justly
laudatory review of Mr. Ferguson's Illustrated Handbook
of Architecture. This is followed b3' a capital paper on
New Zealand, its Progress and Resources ; and this again
by an admirable one on The Geography and Biography of
the Bible. In a just and loving criticism of the Idylls of
the King —

" A generous critic fans the Poet's fire.
Teaching the world with reason to admire."

Orchard Houses and Farm Weeds form the subjects of
two papers which will be read with profit by those to
whom the}' are addressed. A slashing article on Baden
Powell's Order of Nature — one of warning on Strikes
and their Effects (which should be reprinted cheaply, and
widely circulated), and a well-considered paper on The
Three Bills of Parliamentary Reform, constitute the
graver portion of the Number.

Books Received. —

Nursery Poetry. By Mrs. Motherly. (Bell & Dald^'.)

Mrs. Motherly has succeeded, in what is bj' no means
an easj' task, that of writing for little children ; so that
her tiny quarto, with its graceful illustrations, will doubt-
less soon find favour in " nursery circles."

Ro7itledge's Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev. J.
G. Wood. Part VII. (Routledge & Co.)

The present, devoted as it is to the history of those
friends and companions of man — dogs of all kinds and
races — is one of the most interesting Parts of Mr. Wood's
amusing work.

Mr. Booth, of Regent Street, has just published a
curious illustration of London* Topography — a view of
London Bridge in the time of Elizabeth, by John Norden,
hitherto so little known that it may almost be considered
as an unpublished plate.

Those who admire The Fairy Queen, and are interested
in the history of the great Elizabethan poet by whom it
was written, would do well to read Blr. Keightley's
admirable article On the Life of Edmund Spenser, in the
October Number of Eraser's Magazine. Speaking of
Magazines, we may call attention to a new one. The
Constitutional Press, a staunch advocate of Conservative
views, to which the authoress of The Heir of Redclyffe is
contributing an interesting story, Hopes and Fears ; or,
Scenes from the Life of a Spinster.

366

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»« S. VIII. Oct, 29. '59^

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PCBCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c.. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whoie names and ad-
dresses are giveii for that purpose.

1851 and. 1852.

Robinson Crdsoe. 2 Vols. Talboy's Edition.
Stbicriand's Qubens op England. 12 Vols. 9vo.
HiooiNs* Cfltic Druids.

-...^.— ^NACALYPSI?.

Constable's Miscellant. A set, or Vols. LXXIV. to

MiLLINOSn's Ct'BlOSITIES OF MbdICAL EXPERIENCE. 2 COpiBS.

Iamblicus' Mysiebies of the EoyPTLANs, translated by Taylor. 2

copies.
Cooke's Views in Pompeii. 2 Vols. Folio.
Jacob Behmen's "Wokks. i Vols. 4to. Or Vols. III. and IV.
Beloe's Anecdotes of I.iteratcbe, fi Vols.
Wit's Recreations. 2 Vols.
Twiss' Index to Suakspeare. 2 Vols.
Wanted by C. J. Sleet, 10. King William Street, Charing Cross, W.C.

The Pedigree of Scott op Stokoe, Cocntt of Nobtkdmberland,
AND late of Toderick, Silkirkshtre, compiled by William Scott,
M.D. Edinburgh, printed by Walker & Greig. 1827.

Wanted by VilUam Diclson, Junior, Hawick, N. B.

Shaw's Stapfordshibe. 2 Vols.

Vol. II. Part I.

Plot's Oxfordshibe,

SlAFFORDSIIlBE.

Chalmers' Bridoewater Treatise. Vol. I.
Gale's Court OF the Gentiles. Vol. I. Farts I. and II.
Doodale's Warwickshire, by Tliomas. 2 Vols.
Racing Calendar, 1820 to 1828, and from 1843 to 1819.

Wanted by J. W. Cadbtj, New Street, Birmingham.

BTovA Leosnda Anolie. Printed by Wynken de Worde. 151G. Folio.
(.Commonly called " Capgrave's Lives of the Saints.")

Wanted by TK. Blackwood <5- Sons, Edinburgh.

fiatictS ta Corre)SiJ0ntftnW.

In consequence of (he. numher of interesting Papers which wc had wait •
inq for insertion, and the demands for space made by our advertising
friends, we have enlarged our present number to 32 pages.

John Maclean. A notice of Thomas Cortjat avd his Crudities Hastily
Gobled up, will befowtd in most biographical dictionaries.

R.C. Ransome. The Clergy List commenced in 1841. Complete sets
can only be picked vp at sales or at the second-hand booksellers.

PisHEF Thompson. We are informed that Mr. Sims' sMaiiaa.1 of Pa-
laeography is in preparation.

Essex. Romford was formerh/ noted for mnking leather breecltes:
Jience the origin of the saying, " to ride to Somford," 4 c.

J. M. Elgin. The authenticity of the work of Richard ofCirencester>
De Situ BritanniiB, Aos 6ccn discussed m " N. & Q." Ist S. i. 93. 123.206.;
V. 491.; vi. 37.

"Notes and Qobbies" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
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Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
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favour of Messrs. Bell and Daldy,186. Fleet Street, E.C; to whom
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NOTES AND QUERIES:

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FOB

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Price id. unstamped ; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 199. — October 22nd.

NOTES : — Forgeries on Bunyan, by George Offor —John Bunyan and

"the Pilgrim^ Progress," &c De Guileville'a "Pilgrimage of the

Soul"— Probation Lists of Merchant Taylors' School — No. 3., by
Rev. Charles J. Robinson, M. A. — Prince of Wales in Oxford, by
Rev. F. Trench — Sir William Ussher — Sir Amyas Paulett and Sir
Drue Drury — Kirk Session Records.

Minor Notes : — Careless Writing and Odd Result— Sponge or Spanish
Cakes — Charm for cutting Teeth — Lynching by Women in Olden
Time — Bobyll and the Cardinal's Hat.

QUERIES : —Poem on the French War, by Joshua Leavitt.

Minor Queries: — Francis Burgersdicius — Bulse — James Anderson
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Minor Qdebiei with Answebs: — Vindicta Bemardi — Jetonniers —

Aylward Family Crest — The Duchess of Marlborough — Paul Gem-
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REPLIES:— Henry Smith, by Rfv. J. Eastwood, &c. — London in
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Faith, the Meditationes Sacrce, the by an Index to the two volumes of
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Edward VI. founded on the " Commoyson in Norfolk,
1549," by Nicholas Sotherton; and the " De Furoribiis
Norfolcienshim," of Nevylle ; with corroborative Extracts
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London : LONGMAN, GREEN, & CO., Paternoster Row ; and
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tninster and Pimlico Church of England Commercial
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i " They are earnest, thoughtful, and practical— of moderate length,
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2"d S. VIII. Oct. 2D. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

367

Sales of Literary Property.

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Library of the late EDWARD HUGHES, ESQ., F.R.A.S., F.R.G.S.,
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LIBRARY of an EMINENT ANTIQUARY ; including Gra;vii ct

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Autographs, chiefly from the celebrated Collection of the late
DAWSON TURNER", Esq.

MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON, " Auctioneers
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368

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Oct. 29, '5P.

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2»<» S. VIII. ifov. 6. '6JJ.]

NOTES Alfl) QUERIES.

369

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5. 185».

N». 201. — CONTENTS.

NOTfeS: — The Gunpowder Plot. &c.,369 — General Wolfeat Quebec,
by J. Noble, 370— Talbot Monuments, by Sir T. E. Winnington, 371 —
The New Te.-tainent in Modern Greek, by J. U. van Lennep, lb. —
Problem in Rhyme, by Professor De Morgan, 372 — Inscriptions and
Epitaphs. 373 — Hoop Petticoats and Crinoline, 374 — The Epitaph of
Dean Nowell, and Import of the Contraction " I.," by John Gough
Nichols, lb.

Minor Notes : — Richmond and its Maids of Honour — Ancient Will
— Statistics of Letters sent by Post — Cromwell's Remains — An an-
cient Strilce, 375.

QUERIES :-Stratford Family, by Thomas Nicholson, 376 -
to Seals, lb.

Queries aa

Minor QoERiES!— Mrs. Myddelton — Cashel Progresses — Unburied
Ambassadors _ "The Golden Botigh " — "The Wasp" — Papier
Moure — Kentish Longtails — Pm-kess Family — Welsh J udges — Col.
Johnes of Havod,&c., 377.

MiNOK Queries with Answers:— Fuller and the Ferrars — Hammer-
cloth— Fisli wick— Scavenger's Daughter — John Baptist Jacksoii —
" An Help unto Deuocion '^— Stc Ampoule, &c., 380.

REPLIES: — Napoleon's Escape from Elba, 382 — Titles conftrred by
Oliver Cromwell, lb. — Biblical Conjecture -Notes : the right Date
of the ICpistle to the Hebrews, by T. J. Buckton,383— Francis Bur-
gersdicius, by Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, 384 — George Herbert and Theo-
critus, 385 — Oliver St. John, by John Maclean, 386.

Rbpi,ies to Minor Queries : — Seals of Officers who perished in Aff-

fhanistan — Louis the Fifteenth: Earl of Stirling — Cloven Foot —
caudal against Queen Elizabeth, &c.,386.

Notes on Books, &c.

flatti,

THE GUNPOWDER Ptd'T.

The following document is alluded to by Mr.
Jardine in his Criminal Trials, but, with the ex-
ception of the Latin words at the end being
quoted, no extract from it is given. In no other
work is it mentioned at all, and up to this day it
has remained unprinted.

There is a quaintness and minuteness about it
which, coupled with its object and its curious
wording, renders it worthy of insertion in " N. &
Q." Moreover, it derives some additional interest
from being entirely in James I.'s handwriting.

I perhaps may be doing some service by send-
ing it up to your columns. It was issued at noon
on the 6ih November, 1605 ; and it was under
the authority contained in it that the torture was
applied to f^awkes. That it was applied in no
lenient spirit will be evident to anyone who will
take the trouble of carefully examining his sig-
natures affixed to the examinations preserved in
the State Paper Office.

It is in that repository that this document,
lying side by side with the wretched signatures of
the unhappy Fawkes, is still kept; and there
those who are curious in such matters may yet
see it. W. O. VV.

"This examinate wolde nou be maid to ansoure to
formall interrogatories —

1. as quhat he is for I can neuer yet heave of any man
that knowis him.

2. quhaire he was borne.

3. quhat uaire his parents names.

4. quhat age he is of.

5. quliaire he hath liued.

6. hou he hath liued and by quhat trade of lyfe.

7. hou he ressaued tliose woundes in his brieste.

8. if he was euer in service with any other before percie
and quhat they uaire and hou long.

9. hou came he in percies service by quhat meaiis
and at quhat tyme.

10. quhat tyme was the house hyred by his roai'ster.

11. and hou soone after the possessing of it did he be-
ginnc to his devillishe preparations.

12. quhen and quhaire lernid he to speake frenshe.

13. quhat gentlewomans letter it was that was found
npon him.

14. and quhairfore doth she give him another name
in it than he gives to himself.

15. if he was euer a papiste and if so quho broche hiiil
up in it.

16. if other wayes hou was he conuerted, quhaire,
quhen, and by quhom ; this course of his lyfe I ame the
more desyrous to knou because I haue dyuers motives
leading me to suspect that he hath remained long be-
yonde the seas and ather is a preiste or hath long seruid
some preiste or fugitive abroad, for I cann yett (as I said
in the beginning heirof ) meite with no man that knowis
him, the letter found ujwn him giues him another name,
and those that best knowis his maister can neuer remem-
ber to haue seene him in his companie ; quhaire upon it
should seeme that he hath bene reccomendit by some
personnis to his maistersseruice.only for this use, qnhairein
only he hath seruid him : and thairfore he wold also bfe
asked in quhat company and shippe he went out of Eng-
land and the porte he shipped at and the lyke quasstions
wolde be asked anent the forme of his returne : as for
these trumpery waires founde upon him the signification
and use of euerie one of them wolde be knowin; and
quhat I haue obserued in them the Bearer will shou you :
nou haste; ye remember of the crewallie uillanous pas-
quill that rayted upon me for the name ofbrittain* if
I remember right it spake something of haruest and
prophecied my destruction about that tyme, ye maye
thinke of this for it is tyde to be the labour of such a des-
perate fellow as this is : if he will not otherwayes confess
the gentler tortours are to be first usid unto him and sic
per gradus ad ima tenditur and so god speede youre
goode worke.

"James R."
Endorsed by Salisbury " The K's Articles."

Discovery of Gunpowder Plot by the Magic
Mirror. — The celebrated painter, the late John
Varley, so well known for his attachment to the
study of astrology, used to say there was a tradi-
tion among the students of the Occult Sciences,
that Gunpowder Plot was discovered by Dr. John
Dee by means of a magic mirror : and he urged
the difficulty, if not impossibility, of interpret-
ing Lord Monteagle's letter without some other
clue or information ; the improbability of being
able to get powder into the House at all, at any
rate in sufficient quantity; the difficulty of dis-
charging it at the right time, and the knowledge
that friend and foe must in such a case perish
together, all would prevent the suspicion of the
existence of such a plot. I never certainly had
heard of such a tradition, and I could not think it
existed, but was very much surprised the other
day, on looking over the plates in an old Common
Prayer Book, 18mo., printed by Baskett, 1737, to
find an engraving of the following scene. In the
centre is a circular mirror on a stand, in which

For assuming the title of King of Great Britain.

370

NOTES AND QUERIES.

L2-»<i S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.

is the reflection of the Houses of Parliament by
night, and a person entering carrying a dark lan-
tern. On the left side are two men in the cos-
<< tume of James's time looking into the mirror :
one evidently the king, the other, from his secu-
lar habit, not the doctor, but probably Sir Kenelra
Digby. On the right side, at the top, the eye of
Providence darting a ray on to the mirror ; and
below some legs and hoofs, as if evil spirits were
flying out of the picture. This plate is inserted
before the service for the Fifth of November, and,
there can be no doubt, is a delineation of the
method by which, under Providence (as is evinced
by the eye), the discovery of Gunpowder Plot
was at that time seriously believed to have been
effected. Can any readers of " N. & Q." give me
any farther information as to this curious tradi-
tion ? It must have been pretty generally and
seriously believed, or it never could have found
its way into a Prayer Book printed by the king's
printer. Are any other editions known with a
similar plate ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

GENERAL WOLFE AT QUEBEC.

(^Concluded from p. 348.)

" lOth. At 8 o'clock this morning returned to Cape
Rouge with the ebb tide. This morning a part of the
army landed on the south shore, as also three companys
Light Infantry, in order to refresh the men and dry their
camp equipage after the constant heavy rains we had
these two days past, Capt. Eraser's co. remained on board
by lott.

" The General went down the river to reconoitre the
north shore.

"A soldier of Capt. Delaune's co. fell overboard and
drowned.

" 11th. Nothing extraordinary. The troops that landed
yesterday remains on shore ; the situation of the enemj-
the same as the two past days.

" 12th. By this day's orders it appears the General in-
tends a most vigorous attack, supposed behind the town,
where to appearance a landing is impracticable.

" Our disposition terminates thus : that the Light In-
fantry are to lead and land first, in order to maintain a
picquering with the enemy (as also cover the troops' de-
barkation) till the army take a footing on the heights.

" We are to embark on board our flatt-bottomed boats
by 12 o'clock, and upon the Sutherland man-of-war
shewing a light, we are to repair to that rendevouze,
where the boats will range in a line and proceed when
ordered in the manner directed ; viz. the Light Infantry
the van, and the troops to follow by seniority. The armj'
compleated to 70 rounds amunition each man ; and the
flatt-bottomed boats to repair to the different vessells,
and proportionably divide according to the number on
board the ship.

" By 10 o'clock Colonel How called for the whole
of the volunteers in the Light Infantry, signifying to
them, that the General intends that a few men may
land before the Light Infantry and army, and scramble
up the rock, when ordered by Capt. Delaune, who is to be
in the first boat along with us ; sa\-ing that he thought
proper to propose it to us, as he judged it would be a
choice, and that if any of us survived, might depend on
our being recommended to the General. Made answer :

We were sensible of the honour he did, in making us the
first offer of an affair of such importance as our landing first,
where an opportunity occured of distinguishing ourselves,
assuring.him his agreeable order would be put in execu-
tion with the greatest activity, care, and vigour in our
power. He observing our number consisted onlj"^ of eight
men, viz. : —

"1st. Fitz-Gerald.
2nd. Robertson.
3rd. Stewart.
4th. M«Allester.

5th. Mackenzie.
Gth. M«Plierson.
7th. Cameron.
8th. Bell.

Ordered we should take 2 men each of our own choice
from three companj's of Lt. Infantry, which in all made
24 men. Which order being put in execution we em-
barked in our boat. Fine weather, the night calm, and
silence over all.

" Waiting impatiently for the signal of proceeding.

" September 12th and 13th, Morning, 2 o'clock, the
signal was made for our proceeding, which was done in
pretty good order, the same disposition formerly men-
tioned. When we came pretty close to the heights, we
rowed close in with the north shore, which made the Hun-
ter sloop-of-war, who lay of, suspect us to be an enemy,
not being apprised ofour coming down. However, we passed
two sentries on the beach without being asked any ques-
tions. The third sentry challenged, who is there? Was
answered by Capt.Fraser in the French tongue, French, say-
ing we are the provision boats from Montreal, cautioning
the sentry to be silent, otherwise he would expose us to
the fire of the English man-of-war. This took place till
such time as their officer was acquainted, who had rea-
son to suspect us, ordering all his sentrys to fire upon us;
but hy this time the aforesaid volunteers was up the
eminence, and a part of the Light Infantry following.
After we got up we only received on fire, which we re-
turned briskly, and took a prisoner, the remaining part
of the enemy flying into a field of corn. At same time we
discovered a body of men making toward us, who we
did not know (it being only daybreak), but were the
enemy; we put ourselves in the best posture of making a
defence : two of us advanced, when they came close, and
challenged them, when we found it was Capt. Fraser
with his CO., who we join'd, and advanced to attack this
part}' of the enemy lodged in the field, who directlj' fled
before us ; bj' pursuing close the Lieut, and his drummer
came in to us. In this interval the whole of the Light
Infantry were on the heights, and a part of the regts.
We remained till the whole army took post, when
we were detached to silence a batterj' who kept
firing on our shipping who were coming down the river.
This was effected without the loss of a man ; the enemy
placed one of the cannon to flank us crossing a bridge,
which they fired, drew off, and got into the woods which
was within forty yards of the batterj'. We demolished
the powder, and came away.

"On our return we saw our army forming the line of
battle ; we (Light Infantrj'), who stood at about 800 paces
from the line, were ordered to face outwards, and cover
the rear ofour line, as there was a body of the enemy in
their rear and front of the Light Infantry. About G
o'clock observed the enemy coming from town, and form-
ing under cover of their cannon ; we saw they were nu-
merous, therfore the General made the proper disposition
for battle; they marched up in one extensive line. When
they came within a reconoitring view they halted, ad-
vancing a few of their Irregulars, who kept picquering
with one or two platoons, who were advanced for that
purpose, at the same time playing with three field pieces
on our line. On which the General ordered the line to
laj' down till the enemy came close, when they were to
rise up and give their fire. The enemy, thinking by our

2«d S. VIIL Nov. 5. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

371

disappearing, that their cannon disconcerted us, they
thought proper to embrace the opportunity; wheeling
back from the centre, and formed three powerful columns,
advanced very regular with their cannon playing on us.
By this time we had one field piece on the right, and
two howatson the left who began to give fire; the enemy
huzza'd, advancing with a short trott (which was eff^ec-
tiially shortened to a number of them) they began their
fire on the left, the whole of them reclining that way,
but. received and sustained such a check that the smell
of gunpowder became nautious; they broke their line,
running to all parts of the compass.

" To our great concern and loss General Wolfe was
mortally wounded ; but the Brigadiers, who were also
wounded, excepting Murraj-, seeing the enemy break, or-
dered the Granadiers to charge in among them with their
bayonets, as also the Highlanders with their swords,
which did some execution, particularly in the pursuit.

"During the lines being engaged, a body of the enemy
attacked a part of the Light Infantrj' on the right, were
repulsed, and thought proper to follow the fait of traverse
sailing. As I was not in the line of battle I can't say
what the latest disposition of the enemy was before en-
gaging-

" How soon this action was over we received a part of
our intrenching tools, and began to make redoubts, not
knowing but next morning we would have another to cut,
as the enemy expected 13 companies of Granadiers to
join, and about 2000 men who occupy'd a post near
Point au Treamp, but it seemed they were not recovered
of the former morning's portion ; not liking English me-
dicines.

"This affair gave great spirit to the whole army, not-
withstanding the loss of the much regretted Life of the
Army, General Wolfe. The men kept sober, which was
a great maxim of their bravery.

" Towards the evening a part of the enemy, who were
of the Regulars, formed, who seemed to make a shew of
standing; Colonel Burton, 48th regt., was drawn opposite
with a field piece in their front, which disputed them.
We took post in our redoubts ; not having the camp
equipage on shore, part of the army lay on their arms in
the field till next morning. All quiet during the night
of the 13th."

This abruptly finishes the MS. of "Journal of
the particular Transactions during the Siege of
Quebec." J. Noble.

Inverness.

TALBOT MONUMENTS.

In the old church, at Whitchurch, Shropshire,
was erected a stately monument to Sir John
Talbot, Knt., 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, of which
the effigy alone is preserved in the modern build-
ing constructed on the demolition of the ancient
structure during the last century.

Much interest has recently been taken in this an-
cient peerage. It may not be out of place at the pre-
sent time to quote some extracts from theDineley
MSS. in my possession, written about 1670, re-
•garding the tomb of the founder of tlie earldom,
now removed in so mutilated a state to the modern
church.

" In the church porch (Whitchurch), under a great ra-
rity, a large square blewish pebble stone, lyeth interred the
famous John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury : upon this there

are discernible several brass nayles whereto had been
affixed a brass plate, supposed to have been stolen away
by y" soldiery in the late unnatural wars, who have
also crakt, and much abused the same by making fires
thereon. This great Captain, who had been Lord Lieut,
of Ireland, before whom a Parliament was summoned at
Trim, in the 25 of Henrj' VI., was slaj'ne in France at
Chastillon, upon y« river Durdon, neer Bourdeaux, with
a bullet from a harquebush in his thigh — after various
testimonies of courage against the French for 24 years.
Some would have him to be buried in Rouen, the" chief
city of Normandj'; but most agree it was his choice to
be buried in Whitchurch porch, that the Whitchurch
men, who had behaved themselves so valiantlj' over him
in France, thej' and their posterity should walk over his
remains to y« end of j<' world. The inscription is : ' Orate
pro anima pra3nobilis Dmi Dmi Johis Talbot, quondam
Coniitis Salopiae, dmi Furnival, dmi Verdun, dmi Strange
de Blaekmere, et Marescalli Francise, qui obiit in bello
apud Burdews, July vii. mccccliii.' Though the body
of Earl John be interred in the porch under that plain
grave stone, yet going up into the high chancel is seen
a cenotaph or honorary monument erected honoris et
memorise gratia to him, where he lieth in armour in his
garter, robes," &c.

The brother of Earl John was Archbishop of
Dublin. In the body of the quire of St. Patrick's
cathedral, Dublin, was his monument inlayed in
brass, with this inscription * : —

" Ricardus Talbot latet [hie sub Marmore pressns,]
Archi fuit praesul hujus sedis reverends,
Parvos Canonicos [qui] fundavitque Choristas,
Anno milleno, C quater, quater X quoque nono.
Quindeno Augusti mensis mundo valedixit:
Omnipotens Dominus cui propitietur in sevum."
He was founder of the canons and choristers of
the church, and died Aug. [15] 1449- Dineley
gives a drawing of this brass, with the Archbif^hop's
effigy, and the petty canons and choristers on
each side. It no longer exists in St. Patrick's
church.

There is also in the MS. volume a drawing of
the old church of Whitchurch, which appears to
have been partly built of timber ; and the monu-
ment within it, as it then existed, of Lord Shrews-
bury. T. E. WiNNINGTON.

THE NEW TESTAMENT IN MODERN GREEK.

It is a fact worthy of notice, that, in the middle
of the seventeenth century, whilst England could
scarcely boast yet of a new and authorised ver-
sion of the Sacred Scriptures, the Dutch govern-
ment had already taken measures for spreading
the Gospel in foreign parts. For not only had,
by order of the States General of the United
Provinces, the New Testament been translated
into modern Greek, but also, not very long after-
wards, a modern Greek version had been pro-
cured of our Dutch Reformed Confession of
Faith, our Catechism, and our Liturgy.

" The translation of the New Testament had been in-

[* The words in brackets are added from Ware's Ire-
land,— Ed.]

m

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'>d S. VIII. Nov. 6. '69.

trusted to the hands of a learned Greek, yclept Maximus,
of CalliopoUs (VoKtii Catal. Libr. Ear. p. m. 662, 663.;
cf. Is. le Long, Biblioth. Select, p. 53., and Rumpius in
Commetdat. Crit. ad Libras iV. T., p. 367.) : that of the
Formularies to those of Hierotheus, the Archimandrite of
Cephalonia. And so it was, that, by command and at
the expense of the Dutch Republic, the New Testament
was published in modern Greek at Geneva, A. d. 1638.*
Some copies of it were instantly disposed of in such
countries where Greek Christians resided (J?cso/. of the
States Gener. Feb. 22, 1646), but the greater part for-
warded to Constantinople and consigned to the care of
the States' envoy in that place, in order to be at hand
when the first opportunity for distribution might offer.
And an offer very soon presented itself: for Hierotheus,
bent upon returning to his fatherland, had sent word
from England, where he had been for some time, re-
questing the Leyden Professors of Theology to acquaint
the States General of his fervent wish and desire to
spread the two translations we mentioned throughout
the regions of the East, wherever their High Mighti-
nesses would think fit. This he was prepared to do,
notwithstanding the danger he would be exposed to
from the Turkish government, and commending himself
to the protection of the Most High. The professors ac-
quitted themselves of their message, whereupon the
States General commanded them to send to Hierotheus
half the copies of the translated Formularies, which, also
at the cost of the Republic, had appeared in 1648 ; further-
more signifying to their minister at the Turkish court
to commit to Hierotheus, upon his arrival in Constanti-
nople, half of the impression of the New Testament, for
distribution : ' first to the patriarch, and then to the
other preachers and fautors of the Christian community
in those parts; trusting, that he would acquit himself
of this duty with the necessary discretion and faithful-
ness, as offering a gift so excellent and holy.' (JFJesoZ.
of the States Gener., April 3, and May 14, 1649.) I do
not know whether Hierotheus in reality accomplished his
nndertaking : but of his honesty a favourable testimony
appears in the account given of him by the Leyden pro-
fessors, and inserted in the Resolutions of the States
General. Of the modern Greek translation of the New
Testament, a reprint was published at London in 1703,
under the editorship of Serapheimus Arion of Mitj'lene ;
but, next year, this edition was solemnly cursed and
burnt in the patriarchal palace of Constantinople. I
niust suppose this was done because of its inaccuracy, for
I cannot find another reason, as Cyrillus, the patriarch
of Constantinople, himself had inaugurated the first edi-
tion with a commendatory preface. See Vogtii Catal.
Libr. Bar. U. U., according to whom, however, Sera-
pheimus should have been one of the translators of the
first edition of 1638, though neither this edition, of which
a copy is extant in the Town Library of Gouda, nor
Beijerus, to whom he refers (Arcana Biblioth. Dresdens.
p. m. 81 et 82), afford a single proof that Serapheimus
ever had a hand in it. The second edition was procured
by him, but Helladius brands it as inaccurate. A third

[* A copy of this edition is noticed in Pettigrew's
Biblio. Sussex, ii. 469, ; " Novum Testamkntum. Neo-
Grajcum, Geneva. P. Chouet, 1638. 4", 2 vols. Cyril
Sucar, who is reported to have presented the Alexandrian
MS. to Charles I., promoted an edition of the New Testa-
ment in the vernacular Greek, undertaken by Maximus
Calliopolitus, at the instance of Cornelius Haga, the
Dutch ambassador at Constantinople, and printed at
Geneva in 1638, in 4°. To this edition he wrote a pre-
face, in which he vindicates the propriety of translating
the Scriptures into the vulgar tongues, and the right of
all persons to read them."— Ed,]

edition was published at Halle by Anastasius Michael of
Macedonia, a.d. 1710.

" The modern Greek Formularies of the Dutch Re-
formed Church appeared at Lej'den in 1648. They are in
4to. See J. C. Koechei', Catechetische Histor. der Gereform.
Kcrke, p. 286. This translation, of which the Gouda
Library possesses a copy, is very rare, and unknown to
most of the learned. Cf. Te Water, Tweede Eeuwgetyde
der Geloofsbelyd., p. 164."

Translated from Byvoegsels en Aanmerkingen
voor het Twaalfde Deel der Vaderlandsche Historie
van Jan Wagenaar, door Mr. H. van Wyn, Mr.
N. C. LambrecJdsen, Mr. Ant. Martini, E. M.
Engelberts en Anderen. Te Amsterdam, by Jo-
hannes Allart, 1793, p. 77. sqq.

J. H. VAN Lbnnbp.
Manpadt House, near Haarlem,
Sept. 23, 1859.

PBOBLEM IN BHTME.

I found the following in the mathematical ques-
tions of a defunct periodical {Literarium, July 15,
1857), and think it worthy of preservation. The
problem of " Bacchus and Silenus" has been piven
among the equation-conundrums in books of al-
gebra for a very long time. It may serve as a
companion to the problem in Vyse's Arithmetic :
" When first the marriage-knot was tied," &c.

Arithmetical Books, p. 81.
A. De Morgan.

" Deab Fred, — As you're so clever all at once at an
equation.
And think that you are capable of No. 44.,*
Just trj' your hand at this, 'twill require consideration,
And so I have no doubt you'll consider it — a bore.
" In a pleasant vale of Thessalj', as odorous and green as
This valley of the Thames, where I sit and scribble
now.
Under ruddy-fruited ash-trees slept the jolly god
Silenus ;
The coronal of ivy-leaves had fallen fVora his brow.

" Beside him was a wine- cask which half-a-dozen satyrs
Had brought him down — to breakfast as soon as he
should wake ;
With pickled anchovies in jars, and figs on rustic plat-
ters—
For tea and toast and new-laid eggs Silenus wouldn't
take.

" Came dancing down the hill-side young Bacchus brisk
and nimble,
And a troop of hederigerae f ran joyously behind ;
They blew shrill pipes vivaciously — they crashed the
brazen cymbal,
Their chesnut tresses fluttered as they met the merry
wind.

" But they didn't wake Silenus, so young Bacchus took
to drinking —
He tapped his tutor's barrel, and he emptied many a
bowl:
If Silenus 'stead of Bacchus had been at it, I am thinking,
For half as long again, he'd finished up the whole.

* Vide Colenso's Algebra,
t Catullus.

Sud S. VIII. Nov. 5. '590

NOTES AND QUERIES.

373

" Bat the younger god grew merrioe, and raised a joyw^ia
carol —
And tlie elder rubbed hia ej'es and yawned, and made
a sudden burst,
Crying, * Hang it, you young vagabond, be ofif from

that there barrel ! '
. Then he finished it himself, uith his customary thirst.

" Had they both together drunk, two hours less it would
have taken.
And Bacchus would have had just half he left Silenus
there ;
And now you're to discover (if your intellect's not
shaken)
How long each alone would take to drink that cask
of nectar bare.

" Which if you do— and verify — quod erat demonstran-
dum.
This problem picturesque about the juices of the
grape —
I'll say that you are worthy to be driven in a tandem
With your ancient friend, Colenso, who is Bishop at
the Cape.

" John Mauleverer."
[For the original prose of this equation, vide Colenso's
Algebra, Part II., St. John's College Equation Papers.]

INSCRIPTIONS AND EPITAPHS.

Inscriptions on Old Houses. — Over the door of
an old house in Lisburn not long since was the
following inscription : —
"H

I I. 1708.

"The year above this house erected.
This town was burnt y^ j'ear before.
People therein by law ejected,
God hath judgement still in store.
And that they do not Him provoke
To give to them a second stroke.
The Builder also doth desire,
At expiration of his lease.
The landlord living at that time
May think upon the builder's case."

At the time the town was bui-nt (which hap-
pened on a Sunday through a girl throwing out
lighted cinders) the houses were covered with
shingles, and only two houses in Castle Street
escaped the conflagration. These houses were

standing in 1827. Alfbed T. Lee.

#

Gateway Inscription. — The Perigord motto of
the Talleyrand family, Rien que Dieu, brings to
mind another no less remarkable, which was to be
seen up to the time of the Revolution over the
gateway of the Chateau de Lusignan in the Age-
nais : —

" Lous Lusignan soun tan audessus des autres gens.
Que I'ore est audessus de I'argent."

Thoinas Raikes's Journal, vol. iii, p. 267.
K. P. D. E.

Sepulchral Inscription. —

" In the nave is an interesting incised slab to an Eng-
lishman, like those common in Florence, of inlaid black
and white marble. The legend is as follows : —

" ' Hie jacet egregius legum doctor magister Thomas

Weston Anglicus qui obiit anno domini m cccc viij die
29 mensis Augustl cujus anima in pace requiescat.'

" The arms are given argent a saltire sable. The tinc-
tures may be inaccurate, as tiiere are only two colours of
marble used in the slab." — Continental Ecclesioloqy, by
Rev. B. Webb, p. 392.

K. P. D. E.

Epitaph on a Dog at Irongate Stairs, Tower,
London. — I copied the following epitaph a few
days ago from the wall leading to the stairs, and,
if you think it worthy of a corner in " N. & Q.,"
you are welcome to it : —

" In Memory of Egj'pt, a favourite Dog, which belonged
to the Irongate Watermen. He was killed on
the 4th August, 1841.
Aged 10 j-ears.
" Here lies interred, beneath this spot,
A faithful dog who should not be forgot :
Full 15 years he watched here with care.
Contented with hard bed, and harder fare.
Around the Tower he daily used to roam.
In search of bits so savory, or a bone.
A military pet he was, and in the Docks
His rounds he always went at 12 o'clock, —
Supplied with cash, which held between his jaws, —
The reason's plain,— he had no hands but paws —
He'd trot over Tower Hill to a favorite shop,
There -eat his meal, and down his money drop.
To club he went on each successive night, —
Where dressed in jacket gay he took his pipe;
With spectacles on nose he plaj'ed his tricks.
And paw'd the paper, not the politics :
Going his usual round, near traitors' gate.
Infirm and almost blind he met his fate.
By ruthless kicic hurled from the wharf, below
The stones o'er which the gentle Thames do flow,^
Mortally injured, soon resigned his breath.
Thus left his friends who here record his death.
Alas, poor Egypt ! "

I give it to you verbatim et literatim, and I have
no doubt the watermen would be highly pleased
to see the epitaph in " black and white," and were
quite gratified at my notice of it.

I have been assured from various sources of the
truthfulness of the Memoriam, and the watermen
themselves talk of him to the present day with
very warm expressions of regret. Geoege Lloyd.

Curious Epitaph. — I think the following curious
epitaph, which is upon a stone monument on the
north wall of the chancel of the parish church of
Thurltqu in the co. of Norfolk, worthy of pre-
servation iu " N". & Q." : —

^ Here lyeth in tearred the

body of Ann Deney one of the

eight daughters & coheires of

William Sj'dnor. Esq'", and wife of

Glover Denny, Gent, who departed

this life the" 9ti^ of March in the

yeare of our Lord 1665.

"Reader stay and 5-ou shall heare.
With your eye, who 'tis lies here
For when stones doe silence brake
Th' voice is seene not heard to speake."

G. W. M.

374

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'i S. VIII. Nov. 6. '59^

Sun Dial Inscription. — Over the porch of Mil-
ton church, Berks, 1859, is the following inscrip-
tion : —

" Our Life's a flying Shadow, God's the Pole,
Death, the Horizon, where our sun is set ;
The Index, pointing at him, is our Soul,

Which will through Christ a Resurrection get."

W. J. Bern HARD Smith.

Temple.

HOOP rETTICOATS AKD CRIKOLINE.

In the desultory reading of a dusty volume I,
came across the following — at this period inter-
esting subject — in a scarce book, entitled "The
London Tradesman. Being a compendious View of
all the Trades, Professions, Arts, both Liberal and
Mechanic, now practised in the Cities of London
and Westminster. Calculated for the Information
of Parents, and Instruction of Youth in their choice
of Business," by R. Campbell, Esq. London, 1747.
In these days of crinoline and hoop-petticoats, the
fair readers of " N. & Q." will be amused to see
the doings of their great-grandmothers therein
embalmed : —

« Of the Hoop- Petti- Coat- Maker.

"If I am not mistaken I placed the Hoop -Petticoat-
Maker as an Article in the Milliner's Branch ; but, upon
Kecolleetion, I chuse to afford this seven-fold Fence a
Section bj' itself, since I am bound to do Honour to
every thing that concerns the Fair ; and if I had lumped
it with the rest of their Wardrobe, I might be suspected
an Enemy to this Female Entrenchment. The Materials
are striped Holland, Silk, or Check, according to the
Quality of the Fair ; to be inclosed, and supported with
rows of Whale-Bone, or Rattan.

" When this ingenious Contrivance came in Fashion
has much perplexed the learned : some will have it that
Semiramis wore one of them in her famous Expedition,
and some other Antiquaries will have us believe the
Queen of Sheba was dressed in one full five yards in cir-
cumference at her first Interview with Solomon. How
these Accounts are attested I leave to the Learned World
to settle ; it is sufficient for us to know, that by some
unlucky Accident they came in Disuse, and were revived
again about the Middle of the last Century. They first
appeared under the Denomination of Farthingales, and
were less in their Dimensions; but they now seem to
have arrived at their perfect State, and, like all other
sublunar)' Things, begin to decrease in Bulk. As to their
Use, I dare not divulge the Secrets of the Fair; they
have kept it inviolably, nay, better than we have kept
the Free- Mason's Sign; for I defj' all the Male Creation
to discover the secret Use the Ladies designed them for.
Some apparent Advantages flow from them, which every
one ma}- see, but they have a cabalistical Meaning, which
none but such as are within the Circle can fathom. We
see they are Friends of Men, for they have let us into
all the Secrets of the Ladies' Legs, which we might have
been ignorant of to Eternity without their Help; they
discover to us indeed a Sample of what we wish to pur-
chase, yet serve as a Fence to keep us at an awful Dis-
tance. They encourage the Consumption of our Manu-
factures in a prodigious Degree, and the great Demand
we have fpr Whale-Bone renders them truly beneficial to

our good Allies the Dutch ; in short, they are a publie
Good, and as such I recommend them.

"They are chiefly' made b}' Women : They must not.
be polluted by the unhallowed Hands of a rude Male.
These Women make a tolerable Living bj' it. The Work
is harder than most Needle- Work, and requires Girls of
Strength. A Mistress must have a pretty kind of Genius
to make them sit well, and adjust them to the reigning-
mode ; but in the main, it is not necessary she should bs;
a witch.

" Since I am so bold as to make free with the Ladies*
Hoop-Petticoat, I must just peep under the Quilted Pet-
ticoat. Every one knows the Materials they are made
of: Thpy are made mostly by Women, and some Men»
who are employed by the Shops, and earn but Little.
They quilt likewise Quilts for Beds for the Upholder,
This they make more of than of the Petticoats, but
not very considerable, nothing to get rich bj', unless
they are able to purchase the Materials, and sell them
finished to the shops, which few of them do. They rarely
take Apprentices, and the Women they employ to help
them, earn Three or Four Shillings a Week and their
Diet."

Luke Limne«.

Regent's Park.

THE EPITAPH OF DEAN NOWELt, AND IMPORT
or THE CONTRACTION " I."

On the monument of Alexander Nowell, Dean
of St. Paul's, formerly in the old cathedral, whicli
is engraved in Dugdale's St. Paul's, and copied in
Churton's Life of Novsell, at p. 366., was a long
Latin inscription, two of the clauses of which are
as follow : —

" Marianis temporibus propter Christum exulanti :
Reducum, i. uere Religionis, contra Anglo-papistas duo-
bus libris assertori."

In the latter of which an abbreviation, not I
believe very uncommon, has strangely puzzled, at
distant intervals of time, the biographers of that
patriarchal survivor of the English Reformers.
Donald Lupton, in his History of the Modern
Protestant Divines, printed in 1637, asserted that
Nowell was " the first that returned from foreign,
parts," — a statement which Archdeacon Churton
took the trouble to disprove (Life of Nowell, 1809,
p. 37.) ; and perceiving that it was derived from
a misapprehension of the epitaph, added in a
note : —

" I suspect ' reducum i, ' which is certainly a blander,
and probably ought to be ' reduci,' was read * reducum
primo,' and of course translated ' the first of those that
returned.' "

Again, when explaining and commenting on
the epitaph in p. 366., Archdeacon Churton says :

" ' Reducum i.' This seems to be at once the error and
correction, and, as conjectured, p. 37. n., ought probably
to have been ' reduci.' "

It is surprising that Archdeacon Churton, as-
sisted as he was by the learned Dr. T. D. Whita-
ker, should have betrayed this ignorance of an
abbreviation whiph I have certainly often seen —

2'"» S. VIII. Nov. 5. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

375

and though I have no othei' example at hand to
produce, some will probably occur to many other
readers of " N. & Q." — both in manuscripts and
in old printed books. It was merely this : where
we now use i. e. for id est, the single letter i. was
considered sufficient. But, besides their misap-
prehension of the meaning of t., both Donald
Lupton and Archdeacon Churton alike misunder-
stood the import of reducum. They seem to have
been led to that misunderstanding by the pre-
ceding clause, in which it is stated that Nowell
had been one of the exiles in the reign of Mary :
but in reality there is no connexion or allusion
between the two clauses, and the word reducum
has nothing to do with the exiles and their "re-
turn." The writer's intention was simply to state
that Nowell was " the defender of the Reformers
in two books that he wrote against the English
Papists." Wishing to express this, he had no
single Latin word into which he could translate
the term Reformers ; and he therefore effected his
purpose by styling them " Reduces i. Verae Reli-
gionis," — "the bringers-back (that is to say) of
True Religion." John Gough Nichols.

Minav ^atei.
Richmond and its Maids of Honour. — The. re-
fined gourmand in patisserie will scarcely visit
Richmond without paying his devoirs to the
maids of honour. These may be characterised
as most delicate and delicious little cheesecakes,
for which that place has long enjoyed an esta-
blished reputation, under, it is believed, the fol-
lowing circumstances : — When the Prince of
Wales, George Augustus (postea George 11.) oc-
cupied the Royal House at Richmond, the accom-
modation for the maids of honour of the princess
was quite insufficient, and he caused a row of
houses to be built for their residence, which still
exists under the denomination of " Maids of Ho-
nour Row." The royal confectioner invented
these so-much improved cheesecakes, which gain-
ing great celebrity, a pastrycook of the town was
fortunate enough to obtain the receipt, and esta-
blished a good business. Towai'ds the latter part
of the last century, a Mr. William Hester so far
obtained the patronage and support of the place
and neighbourhood that he was soon enabled to
leave off business, and it is said on retiring sold
the receipt for making his maids of honour for
300^. Theodore Hook, who delighted to treat
everything with fun, equivoque, and whimsical-
ness, speaks* of going with a party of ladies to
one of the hotels, ringing the bell, and desirins
the waiter to bring in the "maids of honour."
The ladies became alarmed, thinking they were
going to have some ambiguous company intro-

* Gilbert Gurney, 3 vols., 1836, vol. i." p. 110.
2°dS. VIII. NO. 201.]

duced, but were soon appeased when the pastry
appeared. 22.

Ancient Will. —

" A" 1450. Testamentum dm Tho. Cumberworth, mil.

" In the name of Gode and to his loveyng, Amen. I,
Thomas Cumbj-rworth, Kn^-ght, the xv. day of Feber'jer,
the 3er of owre Lord m.cccc and ti., in clere mynde and
hele of body, blyssed be gode, ordan my last wyll on this
wise folowyng. Furst I gyff nu"- sawle to gode my lorde
and my redemptor, and mj' wrechid body to be beryd in
a chitte * w'owte any kyste t in the northyle of the parych
kirke of Someretby be my wj'fe, and I wyll my body ly
still, my mowth opyn untild xxiiij ovvr3's and aft' laid on
bene w*owtyn any thyng yopon to cover it bot a sheit
and a b!ak cloth, w* a white crose of cloth of golde, bot I
wyl my kj'ste be made and stande by, and at my bereall
giff it to hj'm that fiUis my grave. Also I gifF my
blissed lord God for my mortuary there I am bered my
best hors." — Regist. Marmad. Lumley, epl Line., fo. 43.

Z. z.

Statistics of Letters sent hy Post. — The follow-
ing piece of epistolary statistics is curious ; and,
as the document which contains it is seen by com-
paratively few, it appears to merit the extensive
circulation which it will get by insertion in " N. &
Q.:"-

"The Fifth Report of the Postmaster-General, dated
7th April last, bears (see pp. 13. and 14.), that, in 1858
there were 623 millions of letters delivered in the United
Kingdom, being an increase of 19 millions over the pre-
ceding year, and giving in proportion to the population
18 letters to each individual. It states also that in the
seven principal towns the number of letters to each indi-
vidual in proportion to their respective number of in-
habitants was as follows : — Glasgow, 24 ; Liverpool, 26 ;
Birmingham, 28; Manchester, 30; Dublin, 33; Edin-
burgh, 34 ; and London, 46."

M.C.

Edinburgh.

CromweWs Remains. — In Prestwich's Respublica,
p. 149., occurs the following passage in relation to
Oliver Cromwell : —

" His remains were privately interred in a small pad-
dock near Holborn ; in that very spot over which the
obelisk is placed in Red Lion Square, Holborn. — The Se-
cret! John Prestwich."

Now it is well known that the Protector's re-
mains, in consequence of their rapid decay, were
privately interred previous to the magnificent
pageant of his funeral, and from this various stories
take their rise : such as that his body was thrown
into the Thames, carried to Naseby-field, and
there buried, or interred at Windsor in the grave
of Charles I., while the king's remains were sub-
stituted for his in Westminster Abbey. The last
has been clearly disproved by the disinterment of
Charles's remains at Windsor under the orders of
George IV., and there can be little doubt of the
others being equally false. To the same category
may be consigned the above statement, though it
is less improbable than the other fables. Cromwell's

Shroud.

t Coffin.

376

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<> S. VIII. Nov. 5. '69.

head, in particular, seems to have miraculously
multiplied after his death. R. R.

An Ancient Strike. — In the Calendar of State
Papers is the following entry : —

[1535]. "Aug. 17, Dover. Sir W. Fitzwilliams to Mr.
SecJ' Oromwell. Refusal of the workmen to work except for
6* a day. Two of the ringleaders had beea some time of
the Black guard of the Kings kitchen."

This is another illustration of the jocular name
given to the lowest menials of the court.

POLECABP CheNEB.

iRxxcxiti*

8TEATFOED FAMILT.

In various notices and histories of Stratford-
upon-Avon, I find it stated that there is only one
instance of the Great Seal of England being held
by two brothers, John and Robert de Stratford,
who were said to be natives, and took their sur-
names from this place. John was Lord Treasurer
in the reign of Edward II., and Lord Chancellor
in the reign of Edward III. Robert, previous
to his being Chancellor, was Archdeacon of Can-
terbury, and was raised to the woolsack on the
elevation of his brother to the primacy of all
England, and afterwards became Bishop of Chi-
chester. Lord Campbell, in his Lives of the
Chancellors, states that John was chancellor in
1334, again in 1337 ; Robert in 1338, John again
in 1340, and Robert again in 1340.

I find there was Ralph de Stratford, Bishop of
London, in the reign of Edward III., who also was
a native of Stratford-upon-Avon. lie founded a
chantry for secular priests in a castle that he had
in the village of Stratford in Essex, and died at
Stepney or Bethnal Green, in v;hat is now an
ancient house, called the bishop's house, where
the Bishops of London then resided. I have by
me a published sermon preached by a Dr. Nicho-
las Stratford, Dean of St. Asaph, preached to his
parishioners at Manchester in 1680, on his leaving
them.

In Burke's Peerage there is a Stratford, Earl
of Aldborough, whose ancestor Robert Stratford
left England and settled in Ireland in 1660, whose
arms are a barry of ten, argent and azure, over
all a lion rampant : whilst in his General Ar-
moury there is another Stratford with the same
arms, described as " Stratford of Farnscott, Haw-
ling, and Nether-Guiting, co. Gloucester, and
Nuneaton, co. of Warwick."

Can you inform me through the pages of your
journal what part of England Robert Stratford,
the ancestor of the Earl of Aldborough, was lo-
cated in previous to his settling in Ireland ? what
family he was of? but I should think, from the
sameness of his coat of arms, he is of the same
family. Is this so ; and which branch P as there

were, I believe, Stratfords located at each of the
places mentioned in Burke's Armoury. Can you
inform me when the arms were granted, and to
whom ? Also who was the Dr. Stratford, Dean
of St. Asaph ? * What became of him when he
left Manchester, and what position in the Church
did he occupy at his death ? Was Ralph de Strat-
ford, the Bishop of London, related to the two
chancellors? And whether the other Stratfords
were of the same family as the chancellors or the
bishop ? Could you inform me on these matters
you would greatly oblige. Thomas Nicholson.
Sheffield.

QUERIES AS TO SEALS.

When the Pope issues any important official
documents, or writes letters to dignitaries of t]je
Church, they generally conclude thus : " Given at
Rome, the See of Peter, under the Seal of the
Fisherman." Some correspondent will perhaps
kindly give a description of this seal, of its device,
legend, and other particulars, or say where I can
see an engraving or copy of it.

The seal of Hedon in Yorkshire has an antique
and weird-looking vessel, with a solitary and very
grim-visaged mariner standing at its prow, for
a device, the legend being " H. Camera Regiss.
1598." Is there any local tradition relative to the
origin of this singular device and legend ? I have
an engraving of the seal, but would like greatly
to possess a copy of it on wax or gutta-percha.

1 lately saw in one of the Edinburgli papers
that the provost, bailies, and other magistrates of
the ancient barony of Broughton had just been
elected, and as I was under the impression that
this old barony had long since become incorporated
with the city of Edinburgh, like the other burghs
of barony of the Canongate and Portsburgh, I
would like much if some Edinburgh correspon-
dent would say if it is really yet in existence, — if
it has a corporation seal ; and, if so, who is the
keeper of the latter ? Having copies of the seals
of the now extinct baronies of the Canongate and
Portsburgh in my collection, it would render my
series of seals connected with Edinburgh much

[* Nicholas Stratford, Fellow of Trinity College, Ox-
ford, B.D. 1G64, D.D. 1673, was Warden of Manchester
College from 1667 to 1684 : collated to the prebend of
Leicester St. Margai-et in Lincoln cathedral, 26 March,
and installed 7 April, 1670 ; appointed Dean of St. Asaph,
11 Mav, 1674; .consecrated Bishop of Chester 15 Sept.
1689; and died 12 Feb. 1706-7. An account of his other
preferments is given in the inscription on his monument,
printed in Willis's Cathedrals, and in Bp. Nicolson's Let-
ters, i. 170. Mr. Crossley has a note respecting him in
Worthington's Diary, ii. 243., which states that "Bishop
Stratford's publications manifest his learning, ability, and
zeal, and the common consent of his contemporaries bears
witness to his charity and benevolence, his humility and
devotion." — Ed.]

2»«» S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

377

more complete if I had an impression of the
Broughton seal, should this barony be actually
yet in existence, and possess one. Aliqcxs..

Mrs. Myddelton. — Mr. Steinman being about
to print his memoir of Mrs. Myddelton, would feel
greatly obliged by any reader of "N. & Q." in-
forming him where original portraits of the lady
are to be found, besides those at Hampton Court
and Althorpe. He also wishes for a description of
the engraved portrait of her by Gascar mentioned
by Bromley.

Priory Lodge, Peckham.

Cashel Progresses. — In looking over the old
Chapter Book of Cashel lately I found the Sub-
dean, who was also economist in the year 1686,
took credit for the following sums : —

"To my selfe 05/. IGs. 8c?., pay'd by me to the ofiicers
that attended the state in a progresse made Ano 1678.

£05. IG. 8.

"To the Lord ArchBpp. in full payment of what he
pay'd the officers aforesaid £10. 00. 0."

Will you or any of your readers be kind enough
to say what or whose progress this alludes to?
Also if it was customary to have demands of this
kind made ?

John Davis White, Chapter Clerk.

Cashel.

The unhuried Ambassadors. — An old inhabit-
ant tells me that some fifty years ago or more
there were two large coffins, richly ornamented,
lying on the pavement in one of the chapels on
the south-east side of the choir of Westminster
Abbey, and that these were said to contain the
bodies of two foreign ambassadors, who were re-
fused burial on account of some legal process. Is
it known who they were, or what has become of
them ? A. A.

Poets" Corner.

" The Golden Bough." — I have in my posses-
sion a small engraving or etching, said to be by
Turner, of " The Golden Bough." The picture
itself illustrates a valley, over which lie the re-
mains of noble buildings, the ruins of splendid
and magnificent porches. Fairy forms are re-
presented, some dancing, some reclining, and
one holding up a bough. A few trees also,
sketched with all that truth to nature the painter
so aptly learnt, completes the foreground. In
the background is an almost semicircular stream,
on the banks of which are the ruins of a fine
castle. Surrounding this stream and ruin is
beautiful verdure and rich woodland ; while the
stream itself reflects the white clouds which skim
across the sky.

I am not quite certain as to whether I have
caught the right interpretation thereof. Will any
of your numerous readers render to me the mean-
ing of this picture-poem, for so I conceive it to
be ? Your kindness in opening your columns for
all inquiries relative to science and the fine arts
has emboldened me to send this inquiry.

Joseph Kaines.

Islington.

" The Wasp." — In musical literature I often
find songs with the name of the composer of the
melody, but without any mention of the author of
the words. In a music book in my possession is
a canzonet, which a relation of mine heard Bartle-
man sing nearly half a century ago, the author of
which perhaps some of your correspondents may
be able to communicate. It is set by Spofibrth,
and is called

"the wasf.
'• Why shun the wasp that round thee flies?
The harmless insect nierelj'^ seeks, •
Lady, to bask beneath thine- eyes, —
To taste the roses on thj cheeks.
" Attracted by thy fragrant breath,
It only comes its sweets to sip ; —
And, tlio' perhaps to meet its death,
To drink the dew upon thy lip.
" And on that lip, — ah trifling pain ! — '
Should it to leave its weapon dare,
The useful sting would still remain
To punish rash intruders there."

" The Bee" would, to my thinking, have been
more elegant than "the Wasp:" but I presume
the author would tell me the song was " founded
on fact." Eliza.

Papier Moure. — What is the effective ingre-
dient in the article sold as papier moure ? The
first sheet of a new parcel is generally attractive,
and always fatal to flies ; the remainder is gene-
rally quite worthless. I infer that it must be
something very volatile, and what it is would be
worth knowing. Tophana.

Kentish Lougtails. — Can j'ou or any of your
correspondents inform me whether the old story
of " wearing tails" applies to the "Kentish Men"
or the "Men of Kent," and where it is to be
found ?

By the old Frank law, and some others, it was a
crime visited with severe punishment to accuse a
man wrongfully of " wearing a tail," being cauda-
tus or a cmvard ; or a woman of being a stria, a
sort of vampire, probably because if the accusa-
*tion were just it would subject the accused to a
painful death. Folkestone.

Purliess or Purkis Family. — Whilst staying
lately in the neighbourhood of the New Forest,
I heard a strange account of the family of Purkis.
Many of your readers are aware that it was a
man of this name, a charcoal burner of the parish

378

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. YIII. Nov. 6. '69.

of Minstead, who found the body of King William
II. on Aug. 2, 1100, and conveyed it in his cart
to Winchester. I am told that the representa-
tives of this man still occupy the same ground as
their historical ancestors, and what is moi'e ex-
traordinary have preserved the same station of
life, neither advancing in circumstances, nor laps-
ing into absolute poverty, during the seven cen-
turies and a half which have elapsed since first we
hear of them.

This account, I believe, is thoroughly credited in
the New Forest district ; but with an unbounded
respect for the truth of tradition, I should be
glad to learn if the matter is well known, has
been thoroughly investigated, or satisfactorily
proved. K.

Welsh Judges, — It is well known that the
administration of justice in the Principality was
not until comparatively lately under the same re-
gimen as in England. There were four Welsh
judges, each with his attorney-general. Can you
or any of your correspondents furnish me with a
list of these judges and attorneys ? Ymovyntdd.

Col, Johnes of Havod. — The Annual Biography
for 1817 contains a sketch of the life of this gen-
tleman, in which a very long and elaborate pedi-
gree is given, but his immediate forefathers are
omitted. Can any of your correspondents supply
this deficiency ? Ymovtnydd.

Dycsons and Dixons of'Furness Fells, Lanca-
shire.— I have collected many waifs and strays
of the above border-family, but much is still want-
ing to enable me to write a continuous memoir.
When did these descendants of the Keiths and
Douglases of old first settle in Furness, formerly
a boundary between Scotland and England ?
When, and under what circumstances, were their
arms, a Jleur-de-lis and chief ermine, acquired,
which are first recorded on the tomb of Sir Nicho-
las Dixon, who, dying in 1448 rector of Cheshunt
in CO. Herts, was buried in its chancel ? I learn
that William Dycson, George Sandys, and another
William Dicson, were, in 1525, tenants of Furness
Abbey, and, as such, subscribing witnesses to a
deed of indenture. In 1548, William Dixon and
Miles Dixon, sons of John Dixon by Anne Roos
(descended from Eobt. Lord Roos and the Prin-
cess Isabel of Scotland), were supervisors under
the will (dated 1548) of William, father of Arch-
bishop Sandys, who married their sister Margaret.
In 1570, Richard Dixon, D.D., became Bishop of
Cork and Cloyne, and William Dixon, circa 1564,
became possessed of an estate in the W. R. of co.
York, called Heaton-Royds ; these are supposed
to have been sons of William and Miles Dixon,
and first cousins to Archbishop Sandys, but this
requires confirmation, though they were un-
doubtedly of kin. Not wishing to trespass too

much on the forbearance of the Editor, I will
merely add that I shall be much obliged for any
direct information, or references to easily-acces-
sible authorities, likely to elucidate the border
annals of the above ancient race. R. W. Dixon.
Seaton-Carew, co. Durham.

Irish Pedigrees missing. — In Moule's Bihlio-
theca Heraldica, head Ireland, p. 609., referring
to four Visitation Books taken by Narbonne and
Molyneux (Ulster Kings), it is said: —

1. " Many books are also said to have been carried off
by the person holding the office of Athlone Pursuivant,
who fled to France with James II."

Is there any trace of those books ? Again,
(p. 612.), it is said : —

2. " In the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps are genealo-
gies of Irish families, &c., late Sir Isaac Heard's (Garter).
The 2nd volume is lost, containing D to L and S."

Is there any trace of that book ? Nash, Jun.

Henry Lord Power. — In the earliest extant
parish register of Donnybrook, in the county of
Dublin, the following entry occurs, p. 53. : —

" Buried, Henry Lord Power, in y* vault of St. Mathew's
Chappel [Ringsend, in the parish of Donnybrook], May
6th, 1742."

Who was Henry Lord Power ? I wish, for a
particular purpose, to find him out, but I have
not as yet been able. Archdall, in his edition of
Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, throvis no light upon
the matter; referring only to Sir Henry Power,
Viscount Valentia, who died exactly a century
before Lord Power (vol. v. p. 20.). Abhba.

Aid-de-Camp to the Lord Primate, and to the
Lord Chancellor. —

"Died 1st of May, 1749, Capt. Richard Downes of Bol-
ton Street, aged 45, a near relative and aid-de-camp to
the late Lord Primate.

" 14th Oct. 1746, the Hon. Folliott Ponsonby, brother
to the Earl of Besborough, Captain in General Went-
worth's Horse, and aid-de-camp to the Lord Chancellor."
— Exshaio's Magazine.

Can any of your correspondents give some ac-
count of these two offices, singular as they now
appear to be ? Y.' S. M.

Peel Towers. — The small square towers which
are numerous in the Border Counties are called
Peel Towers. I should be glad to know the deri-
vation and meaning of the name. E. A. B.

John Pope, Gentleman. — By Letters Patent
dated Octobers, 37 Henry VIII., the king granted
to John Pope, Gentleman, for 1393/. the manor of
Abberbury in the county of Oxford, with divers
other lands and tenements in several counties.

I wish to know who this John Pope was, and
when he died ; and if any of your correspondents
can favour me with a reference to his will I should
be obliged. Geo. R. Corneb.

2°d S. VIII. Nov. 5. '69.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

379

William Andrew Price. — ]\Ir. Price is supposed
to have gone out to India as Writer under the
Lord Clive in 1741 ; he was afterwards consul at
Bombay, then governor of Surat. In this capacity
he died March 11, 1774. He is supposed to be of
the Prices near Ludlow in the county of Salop or
Leominster. Any particulars of his parentage
and family connexions would much oblige.

J. F. C.

Longevity. — The following is another curious
case of longevity of our own day, if you think it
worthy of insertion in " N. & Q. : " —

" Betty Roberts, now living in L'pool, was born in
Northop, Flintshire, in June, 1749, or the 22nd j'earof the
reign of George II., and has thus attained 110 years of
age, and from present appearances may yet survive seve-
ral years.

"Her frame, though shrunken and withered, is still
erect, and her gait steady, and she boasts being equal to
three miles an hour with the aid of a stick. Her hearing
and eyesight are good. She has been married, but has
survived her husband 36 years. Two of her four children
are living at 69 and 80 years of age. She attributes her
great length of life chiefly to simple habits, and states to
have never ,used intoxicating liquors. She is certainly
quite a prodig}'."

Can any correspondent of" N. &. Q." verify by
parish registers the dates of Betty Roberts' birth,
or those of her children ? C. H. S.

Altar-tomb used as a Communion Table. — At
Paston, Norfolk, a large marble raised tomb of
the sixteenth century occupies the situation of
and is used as a communion table. The cornice
at one end has been cut away, apparently to make
it fit into the central compartments of a modern
stone reredos. I know that before the lieforma-
tion altar-tombs were sometimes consecrated and
used as altars, but this is the only instance 1 have
met with of a similar adaptation in more recent
times. ExTBANEUS.

An Etymological Query. — Between Blackheath
Hill and Royal Hill, Greenwich, is written up as
the name of the place, Maidenston Hill, In my
boyhood, when a telegraph stood on the point,
I understood it was called Madeston Hill, and
have often seen it so written and spelt. Will any
of your topographical and etymological read^i-s
set me right on this point ? J. E.

One Human Speech only before the Flood with-
out Error. — Sir Thomas Browne, in his Vulgar
Errors (lib. i. c. 2 ), says " There is but one
speech delivered before the flood by man, wherein
there is not an erroneous conception."

Dr. John Edwards, in his sermon (p. 5.) on
Pilate's question, "What is truth?" asks "Doth
not error bear date from Adam?" and admits that
he has not examined whether this assertion of that
eminent christian moralist were true ; but that it
is certain that mistake and falsehood entered the
world betimes.

May not this proposition of the author of Beli-
gio Medici refer to the metrical speech of La-
mech on the birth of his son * Noah (Gen. v. 29.),
which Dr. Pye Smith has rendered both faithfully
and poetically. The sacred historian relates that
"He called his name No-ah," saying
" This shall comfort us

From our labour

And from the sorrowing toils of our hands ;

Because of the ground

Which Jehovah hath cursed."

It is also exactly prophetic of Noah the deli-
verer. James Elmes.

Madeston Hill, Blackheath.

Henry Fletcher, of Clare Hall, B.A. 1569-70 ;
M.A. 1573; B.D. 1580; appears to have been the
author of commendatory verses prefixed to Row-
land Vaughan on Waterworkes, 1610. We shall
be glad of information respecting him.

C. H. & Thompson Coopee.

Cambridge.

Shakspeare's Cliff. — From Stanford's Guide to
the Coast of Kent I learn that " on Buck's map,
1739, Shakespeare's Cliff appears as Arch-Cliff."
This, I suppose, was simply an error in the map ;
but how far back can the well-known name the
height now bears be traced as applied to it in
lieu of Hay Cliff, once its name ?

R. W. Hackwood.

Worhs on Legerdemain. — I have a book entitled
Hocus Pocus, or the Whole Art of Legerdemain in
Perfection. . . . Written by H. Dean. The 10th
edition, with large Additions and Amendments.
Glasgow. 1783, 18mo. pp. 108. In his preface,
Henry Dean, the author, refers to his "fofmer
book of Legerdemain." I am desirous of knowing
whether this refers to a different work or to a
former edition of the same work. Perhaps some
of your correspondents who have the first edition
(1622) will be kind enough to inform me whether
the above reference is found in that edition. Is
anything known of the author except what we
learn from his book, that he kept, " near the
watch-tower on Little Tower-hill, Postern-row, a
bookseller's shop ?" What earlier works on leger-
demain were published ? Metacom.

Roxbury, U. S.

Robert^ Fenn, of Trinity College, Cambridge,
B.A. 1600-1 ; M.A. as a member of King's Col-
lege, 1605 ; is author of verses to George Fletcher,
prefixed to his Nine English Worthies, 1606. Was
he the Sir Robert Fenne, Knt., who was created
LL.D. at Oxford 10th July, 1644.

C. H. & Thompson Coopee.

John Heath, of Middlesex, admitted pensioner
of Queen's College, Cambridge, 16th June, 1645 ;

• Plj No-ab, rest, comfort, consolation.

380

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.

B.A. 1648-9; was admitted Fellow of St. John's
College, by command of the Visitors, 2nd April,
1650, and commenced M.A., 1652. He has com-
mendatory verses prefixed to Gayton's Art of
Lojigeviti/, 1659. Is he identical with Sir John
Heath, Knt., who, in 1670, was patron of the
vicarage of Horninghold, Leicestershire ?

C. H. & Thompson Cooper.
Cambridge.

Nelsoris Car. — What has become of the funeral
car of Nelson ? When I was a youth it used to
stand at the upper end of the Painted Hall,
Greenwich. Delta.

Campbeltoii, Argyleshire. — Is there any engraving
extant of the ancient and very perfect cross, now
standing in the market-place of Campbelton, and
said to have been brought there from lona ? I
could not ascertain this fact on the spot, nor could
I meet with any published record of it.

When Burns' "Highland Mary" died at Green-
ock, she was returning to Coilsfield from Camp-
belton, whither she had been to announce her
approaching marriage to her parents. Was she
bor7i at Campbelton ? and if so, is it known when
and where ? Cuthbekt Bede.

Ives of Oxford. — Where can I find the pedi-
gree or crest of the family of Ives of Oxford ?
In an old paper of 1758, a person is described as
"William Ives, Esq., one of the Aldermen of the
City of Oxford." And I have been informed that
the family of Ives were landed-proprietors to a
considerable extent in Oxfordshire, especially
about Great Milton. Kya Rubber.

Philip Kynder, born 1 597, was of Pembroke Hall,
B.A. 1615-6. He practised physic, and resided
in Derbyshire, and at Leicester and Nottingham.
We find him living at the latter town in August,
1665. He was the friend of Selden and Charles
Cotton; and, in 1656, published a book called
The Surfeit. We shall be obliged if any of your
correspondents can furnish the date of his decease.
We have references respecting him to Lysons'
Derbyshire, iv. v. clxxxix. 1. ; Cough's Topo-
p-aphy, i. 289.; Bibl. Avgl.-Poet, 199.; Black's
Cat. of Ashm. MSS.; and Wood's Fasti (ed.
Bliss), i. 162. Any farther informati9n will be
acceptable. C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

CambridKe.

Fuller and the Ferrars. — It is a singular cir-
cumstance, and deserving investigation, that the
" Short Histories drawn up by Mr. Ferrar, and
adapted to the purpose of moral instruction,"
among the recluses of Little Gidding, of which a
^ist is given in Dr. Peckard's MewoiVs of Nicholas

Ferrar, perfectly corresponds with the titles of
the chapters and the list of instances adduced in
Fuller's Holy State, SfC. Nor is there in that
work but one character [that bearing the title of
" the Traitour "] which is not in Peckard's list.
The date of the Holy State, the whole credit of
which, though somewhat covertly too, is assumed
to himself in Fuller's address "to the Reader," is
1648, and yet John Ferrar was then alive. Com-
pare The Holy and Profane State with Peckard's
Life of Ferrar, in vol. v. p. 168. of Wordsworth's
Ecclesiastical Biography. The identity of " the
series of histories" is noted in vol. vii. p. 554.
of the Beauties of England and Wales, article
" Huntingdonshire," where a notice of the Fer-
rars is given. Any explanation of this coincidence
will oblige Y. B. N. J.

[A similar Query respecting the authorsbip of these
" Short Histories" appeared in our 1" S. ii. 119., which
failed to elicit a repl.v. After an examination of the
biograpliies of Nicholas Ferrar, we can find nothing that
would lead us to deprive Dr. Fuller of their authorship.
The first edition of his Holy and Profane State was pub-
lished at Cambridge in 1642. In the Prefiicg Fuller in-
forms us, that " the characters I have conformed to the
then standing laws of the realm (a twelvemonth ago were
they sent to the press), since which time the wisdom of the
king and state hath altered many things." It is not cer-
tain that the MS. copy of these " Short Histories" found
at Little Gidding was in the handwriting of Nicholas
Ferrar. Dr. Peckard says, " These Lives, Characters,
and Moral Essays would, I think,' fill two or three volumes
in octavo, but they are written in so minute a character
that I cannot form any conjecture to be depended upon."
{Life of 3Ir. Nicholas Ferrar, 1790, p. 194.) We find
Dr. Wordsworth has added the following note to this
passage; "The probabilit.v is, that the greater part, if
not the whole, of this Catalogue [of Short Histories]
were not original, but extracts; as Dr. Peckard would
have been able to satisfy himself by consulting Fuller's
JIoli/ State, where many of the titles of the chapters ex-
actly correspond with those in this Catalogue." {Eccles.
Biog. iv. 193. edit. 1853.) Nicholas Ferrar died Dec. 2,
1637 ; Fuller's work, as stated, was published in 1642 ;
and the establishment at Little Gidding was not destroyed
by the Puritans till 1648; so that it is probable that the
MS. possessed by Dr. Peckard was a transcript by one of
the family made after the death of its pious founder.
Another MS. of these " Short Histories," formerly be-
longing to the Gidding establishment, has since been dis-
covered, as we learn from The Two Lives of Nicholas
Ferrar, edited by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, M.A. 1855:
" Some five and "twenty years ago an old house in Mid-
gate Street, Peterborough, was pulled down : the work-
men, knowing Mr. Buckle to be ' a curious gentleman,'
brought him some papers, which they had found in a
recess in the wall; these turned out to be the Collett
letters, together with a transcript (in a difl'erent hand)
of Fuller's Holy and Profane State, of which Peckard had
a copy." — Appendi.v, p. 292.]

Hammer- cloth. — I do not think any of our
lexicographers have given us the true origin of
the word hammer-cloth. The name, I should
say, is a corruption of armour-cloth, because, in
former times, and not unfrequently now, the cloth
in question has affixed to it, or woven into it, the

2"* S. VIII. Nov. 5. 'j?.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

381

armorial bearings of the family to which it be-
longs. If I am wrong, I shall be happy to be
corrected by your more learned correspondents,
who, by doing so, will oblige Edmund Hepple.
131ackheddon House, Newcastle-oii-T\'ne.

[By the following extract from a recent number of
The City Press, our correspondent will perceive that some
discussion has already arisen as to the derivation of
Hammer-cloth ; —

" Hamjiek-cloth. — In one of the descriptions of the
procession of the sheriffs, the word ' hammock-cloth ' is
used in the description of the appendage to the coach-
man's seat. I noticed that, in your report, it was de-
scribed as a ' hammer-clotli.' Which is right?; On
referring to my coachmaker's bill, I find he enters it as a
' hammock-cloth,' which, if terms in trade usage are of
any value, makes your phrase wrong. Nevertheless, I
think j'ou are right; for is it not used to conceal the
hammer and other tools, no longer required, which, in a
former state of the roads, were so often in requisition
upon a journey ? C. C."

Dr. Pegge's explanation of the term (Anont/miana,
p. 181.) is given in some of our dictionaries, viz., that
" Tiie hammer-cloth is an ornamental covering for a
coach-box: the coachman formerly used to carry a
hammer, pincers, a few nails, &c., in a leather pouch
hanging to his box, and this cloth was devised for the
hiding or concealing of them from public view." There
is, however, another derivation which we are disposed
to view witii some degree of favour. The term " hamper"
formerly signified a box, and therefore may have been
applied to a coach-box, which we conceive to have been
properly a bo7ia fide box, a box to hold various articles
useful in travelling by coach. In this view of the subject,
a " hammer-cloth " may have been originally a "hamper-
cloth," i. e. a box-cloth, a cloth to cover the coach-box : as
we still saj', a box coat — a coat worn bj' a coachman when
seated on the box. See Getit. Mag. 1795, p. 1091.]

Fishwich. — In the Kirk Sessions Records of the
parish of Hutton, published in the last Number-
of " N. & Q.," I find the following : " To Mar-
garet Wilson in Fishwick for teaching a poor
schollar, &c. &c." Where is this Fishwick ? is it
a town, a village, or a township ? H. F.

[Fishwick was formerly a distinct parish, but in 1C14
was united to Hutton, 'which lies to the north of it.
Fishwick is situated on the north bank of the Tweed, and
the ruins of the church j'et remain. It probablj' derives
its name from having been a fishing village. — Statistical
Account of Scotland, ii. 151., " Berwickshire."]

Scavengers DaugMer. — What is the origin of
the term " Scavenger's Daughter," as applied to
an instrument of torture ? Is the term used by
any early writer ? if so, by whom ? H. J. D.

[In the reign of Henry VIII. Sir William Skevington,
a lieutenant of the Tower, immortalised himself by the
invention of a new engine of torture, called Skevington's
Irons, or Skevington's Daughters, which was known and
dreaded for a century afterwards under the corrupted
name of the Scavenger's' Daughter. By the Commons'
Journal (14th May, 1604) it appears that at that time a
committee was appointed by the House of Commons to
inquire as to the state of a dungeon called " Little Ease"
in the Tower. The Committee reported that " they found
in Little Ease in the Tower an engine of torture, devised
by Mr. Skevington, some time lieutenant of the Tower,

called Skevington's Daughters ; and that the place itself
was veiy loathsome and unclean, and not used for a long
time either for a prison or other cleanly purpose." This
instrument appears to have rolled and contracted the
body into a ball until the head and feet met together,
and forced the blood to ooze from the extremities of the
hands and feet, and frequently from the nostrils and
mouth. See a description of it in Tanner, Societas Eu-
roptva, p. 18., quoted in Jardine's Reading on the Use of
Torture in the Criminal Law of England, 1837, p. 16.]

John Baptist Jaclison. — I should feel greatly
obliged if any of your correspondents could give
me information respecting a work with the title
annexed : —

" Titiani Vecelii, Pauli Caliarii, et Jacobi de Ponte,
Opera selectiora, a Joanne Baptista Jackson Anglo, Signo
Ccelata et Coloribus adumbrata. Venitiis, apud J. Bap-
tistam Pasquali, 1745."

R. W. B.

[This is the principal work of John Baptist Jackson,
of Battersea, an English engraver on wood. Early in
life he went to Paris, and worked some time for Papillon,
but not meeting with much encouragement, he went to
Venice, where he executed several wooden cuts in imita-
tion of the drawings of the great masters with consider-
able success. He also engraved several book ornaments
and vignettes. Among his single prints is a Descent
from the Cross, after Rembrandt, executed in a very
spirited style ; but his celebrated work is the one noticed
by our coiTespondenf, comprising a set of seventeen large
cuts- in chiar-oscuro, and published at Venice in 1745.
Consult for some notices of this work An Essay on the
Invention of Engraving and Printing in Cliiara- Osctiro, as
practised by Albert Durer, Hugo di Carpi, &c., and
the application of it to the making paper hangings of
taste, decoration, and elegance, by Mr. Jackson of Bat-
tersea, illustrated with Prints in proper Colours. 4to.
1754.]

" An Help vnto Deuocion." — Can any of the
readers of " N. & Q." inform me who was the
author of a small book so named ? And whether
it was ever authorised by the Church as a manual
of private devotion ? My copy wants the title-
page, consequently I cannot tell when it was pub-
lished ; but from a prayer for the King Charles,
and also for the Prince Charles, it must have
been during the reign of Charles I. My copy is
printed in what I presume is old English cha-
racter, all except the running-title at the head of
the page. Is this style of printing common in
books of that period ? D.

[Our correspondent seems to possess an imperfect copy
of A Hdpe vnto Deuotion, by Samuel Hieron, Vicar of
Modbury in Devonshire, who died in 1G17. This work
was favourably received, for we have before us the thir-
teenth edition, 1620, and the eighteenth edition, 1637.
Although the author adhered to the Church of England,
he inclined to Puritan principles^ so that it is not likely,
during the reigns of James I. and Charles I., that his
work would be " authorised by the Church." Works
printed in black-letter were not uncommon at this pe-
riod.]

Ste Ampoule. — Can any of your correspondents
tell me what is become of the Ste Ampoule so
long kept at Rheims ? Was it lost or destroyed

382

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'! S. VIII. Nov. 6. '69.

in the Revolution ? Is it supposed now to exist ?
Was it used at the coronation of Charles X. ?

R. Z.

[The Ste Ampoule, saj'S the Eneycio. Catholique, was
impiously broken to pieces by Ruhl, a member of the
National Convention, in 1794. Certain inhabitants of
Rheims, however, collected the fragments, and ulti-
mately restored them to their place in the cathedral.
There is a tradition that the holy vessel, shattered in
1794, was, in 1825, found miraculously whole. However
that may be, as the holy chrism had become congealed
by age previous to the fracture of the vessel containing
it, there can be little doubt that with the fragments a
portion of it, at least, was preserved ; and on that sup-
position one can hardly hesitate to believe (though of
this fact we find no distinct record) that it would be used
at the coronation of so staunch an adherent of the Church
of Rome as Charles X. After the congelation of the
chrism, it was customary for the consecrating prelate to
introduce into the ampoule a golden needle, with which
he extracted a particle of the congealed oil, of about the
size of a grain of millet, to be used when required for a
royal coronation.]

Martyrs of Oorcum. — Can you inform me where
I can obtain any information relating to the so-
called Martyrs of Gorcum ? E. H. K.

[Wm. Estius, Chancellor of the University of Douay,
published the following work: "Histoire veritable des
bien-heureux Martyrs de Gorcum en Hollande, la plus
part Frferes Mineurs, qui pour la Foy Catholique on ^st^
mis k mort h, Brile I'an 1572." Douay, 8vo. 1603, 1618 ;
Namurci, 8vo, 1655.]

26th February, Napoleon, with some hundred men
of his guard, had embarked on board a brig and
several small vessels, and had quitted the Island of
Elba, and that Europe was menaced. Some of
the official personages attempted to treat the mat-
ter lightly, but anxiety exhibited itself in the
language of those who were the most collected.
The uncertainty as to the port destined for land-
ing continued for tivo days farther. It was only
on the eighth of March that a later courier from
Sardinia brought the news that Napoleon with
his little army had landed near the city of Cannes,
and that he was then marching for the conquest
of his throne. On that very day, the principal
members of the Congress, Metternich, Wellington,
and Talleyrand were to set out for Presburg in
order to submit to the King of Saxony the final
resolutions of the Congress which should termi-
nate his long anxiety, and reestablish his crown.
Their departure, however, was not postponed, what-
ever might then be the preoccupation of the minds
of the three statesmen on the new subject which
had arisen for their discussion since the 5th of
March .... Upon the return of the plenipoten-
tiaries from this short mission, Metternich, on the
12th March, reassembled the Congress, &c.

It will also be observed that Villemain's ac-
count diflers very widely from the statement in
Rogers' Itecollections referred to by your corre-
spondent. H. N.

NAPOI-EON's escape prom ELBA.

(2"* S. viii. 86.)

The version given by your correspondent Mk.
D'AvENEY of the manner in which the tidings of
this great event first became known to the leading
members of the Congress at Vienna, is quite dra-
matic in its incidents, and circumstantial in its
details ; it wants, however, authentication. As a
mere tradition of an event comparatively recent,
and quite susceptible, as one would think, of direct

Eroof, this version is of little value. To show
ow essentially it differs from the received ac-
counts I refer to Villemain. This distinguished
author, in Les Cent Jours (^Souverains Contempo-
rains), p. 79. et seq., states that the news arrived
at the Austrian court during the evening of the
Jifth of March by a courier from Sardinia, at the
time a brilliant assemblage was gathered in the
salons of the Empress to witness a series of ta-
bleaux vivans. The illustrious party was suddenly
disturbed by a murmur of dissatisfaction, and by
suppressed conversations. The exhibition was
soon interrupted : the Emperor of Austria and
the monarchs who were his guests withdrew toge-
ther; the Ministers Plenipotentiary were gathered
in an excited group. Every one in the palace
was soon repeating that on the evening of the

TITLES CONPEEBED BY OLIVEE CEOMWELL.

(2"'* S. vii, 476. 518. ; \nl passim.) /> ^^^V

I beg to apologise to your correspondent W. J.
Pinks for not having sooner complied with his re-
quest respecting Sir Richard Chiverton (viii. 158.)
1 cannot give the date of his creation ; but as he
was Lord Mayor of London in 1657-8, I presume
he was knighted at that time. My authority for
including him among Cromwell's kniglits is a
Note which I took upwards of thirty years ago,
of an entry in a volume of the Harleian MSS.,
British Museum (numbered 1105— 5881), con-
taining the arms of the fifteen individuals at the
head of the list given at viii. 114.* He officiated

* I may here correct several errors in that list. 1.
The date of Sir John Claypole's Baronetcy should be
1657, instead of 1656. 2. Sir Jiohert Tichborne is erro-
neously called Richard. 3. Sir Peter Coyett is termed
Resident in France, instead of Resident in England for
the king of Sweden. 4. Sir Thomas Widdington was
knighted by Charles I., 1 April, 1639, at York, of which
he was Recorder, and should not have appeared in the
list. 6. After the name of Sir Andrew Ramsay of
Wauchton, in a note, a parenthesis (Abbotshall ?) has
been appended to my communication, which makes it
requisite for me to mention that, having predeceased his
father, who possessed the estate of Abbotshall, he never
inherited it, but was designed of Wauchton from his
marriage with the daughter and heiress of John Hepburn

2"4 S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

383

as Mayor in proclaiminjr Richard Cromwell Pro-
tector in September, 1658; and Prestwich, in his
Respublica (Lond. 1787) p. 157., marshals the
arms of " Sir Richard Chiverton, Lord Mayor of
London, 1658," as follows: — " Argent, a tower
embattled sable on a mount in base, proper." As
a knight he figures among the persons on whom
Charles IL proposed to confer the order of the
Royal Oak, as being possessed of an income of
3000/. in London and Middlesex. The earliest
list of Cromwell's Knights is that printed in
Walkley's contemporary " Catalogue," from
which, as far as it goes, subsequent publications
have drawn largely. 7'Ae Perfect Politician,
quoted by L. H. at p. 31., was probably the next.
Morgan's Phoenix Britannicus (Lond. 1732) con-
tains several reprints of pamphlets relating to
Cromwell's government; and Prestwich's i?espM&-
lica is also full of particulars on the same subject.
The list given by Noble in his Memoirs of the
Protectoral House of Cromwell, seems to have
been derived from some of the above sources, with
additions of his own, and is in several respects
inaccurate.* The following names do not ap-
pear among the Knights mentioned in pp. 32. and
114.: —

Sir William Boteler, in 1653 or 1654.
Sir Afchibald Johnston.
Sir Heronymous Sankey.
Sir Anthony Morgan.
Sir Thomas Whitgrave.

Of these Sir Archibald Johnston, better known
by the titular designation of Lord Warriston,
borne by him as a Lord of Session in Scotland,
has been erroneously inserted, as he was knighted
by Charles I. at Holy rood House, 15 November,
1641. Sir Anthony Morgan, or one of the same
name, was knighted by the same monarch at
Southam, 21 Oct. 1642, though from this being
subsequent to 4th January, 1641 — 2, he might
require a renewal of the honour. The name of
Thomas Whitgrave, Esq., occurs among the pi*o-
posed Knights of the Royal Oak. All the above
are mentioned as Knights in the capacity of Mem-
bers of Richard Cromwell's Parliament, Sankey
being called " Sir Jeremy." Noble mentions the
creation in 1658, by Richard, of two knights,
viz. Jolin Morgan f and Richard Beke, and also
gives the names of Matthew Tomlinson and John

of Wauchton. The dates given in the list in question
only apply to those knights to whose names they are
prefixed. I could now supply those to most of the
others. When I wrote I had not consulted the works
enumerated in the text.

* In respect to dates, a confusion sometimes prevails
from a disregard of the fact that till 1752 the year com-
menced in England on the 25th March. In Scotland,
however, this was changed to the 1st January in 1600.

t Noble saj's he was created a Baronet by Charles II.
If 80, Thomas should be substituted for John, as Thomas
Morgan of Longattock was so created, 7 Feb. 1660-^61.

Percival *, as having been knighted by Henry
Cromwell, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

The same author, in addition to the Baronets
whose names have already appeared in " N. & Q.,"
gives the following : —

" Sir John Lenthal, Knt.
Thomas Willes of Cambridgeshire.
Edmund Prideaux, Attornej'-General.
William Ellis, Solicitor-General."

These all appear as Baronets among the Mem-
bers of Richard Cromwell's Parliament, but Sir
Thomas Willes was not so created by Oliver, that
honour having been conferred on him by Charles
I., 15 December, 1641. He also was one of those
proposed to be nominated a member of the order
of the Royal Oak.»

Between 1653 and the Restoration the names
of several individuals are to be met with bearing
the designation of baronet or knight, the origin
of whose titles cannot be traced. Were a com-
plete account of the Cromwellian creations at-
tempted, these would fail to be noticed, R. R.

BIBLICAL COHJECTURE-NOTES I THE EIGHT DATE
OP THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS.

(2"i S. viii. 247.)

Avoiding conjecture, except so far as to con-
sider St. Paul the author, and taking up the posi-
tive evidence, we may affirm that this Epistle was

written in Roman Italy (^OCTIJJ ]- \ ^] Vn)

and was sent by the hand of Timothy to the
Hebrews, according to the subscription at the end
of it in the Syriac version, substantially the same
as the Greek text. Assuming, with both the
authors cited by your correspondent, that St. Paul
was the author, then it must have been written
after February a.d. 61, when St. Paul first ar-
rived at Rome. From Heb. v. 12. it must be
inferred that this epistle was not written so early
as A.D. 52, only seven years after Paul's first mis-
sionary journey, for the Hebrews therein ad-
dressed had been so long converted that they
ought to have been qualified to teach others ; and
they had already witnessed the death of their first
teachers (xiii. 7.) ; and farther, that it was writ-
ten after the author's imprisonment appears from
Heb. X. 34., which, in the case of St. Paul, occur-
red A.D. 60. As Origen (Euseb. H. E., vi. 25.)
and other competent judges declare that the
style of this epistle is superior to Paul's acknow-
ledged writings, the necessary inference is, that if
he wrote this epistle, it must have been after he
had improved his style, and after the issue of all

* He was created a Baronet of Ireland by Charles II.
9 September, 1661, and was ancestor of the Earl of Eg-
mont.

384

NOTES AND QUERIES,

[2na S. Tin. Nov. 5. '69.

his other epistles ; consequently not in 52, but after
63, and not later than a.d. 70 — the persecution of
Nero. That it could not have been written from
Corinth, where he stayed eighteen months, is evi-
dent from the greeting which he sends yrom Italy
to the Christian Hebrews of Palestine. (Heb. xiii,
24.) Compare the use of a.nh in Matthew xv. 1.,
Acts xvii. 13., and John xi. 1. Tholuck*, at the end
of his commentary, admitting that it was written
at Rome, wonders why the apostle did not say
ojrb 'Pcofiris, not adverting to the Syriac versiao
where "Roman Italy" is mentioned. The equi-
valent to ol airh rris 'iraxias in the Greek is

y 7 -»i -x -x

{^^V^l V)j ^rn\^ in the Syriac version =

" omnes qui sunt ex Italia," acQprding to Tremel-
lius. Both Chrysostom and Theodoret consider the
salutation of ot avh ttjs 'IraXla^ as proof that this
epistle was written at Rome. Further, Timothy
was with Paul at Corinth (Acts xviii. 5.) ; but,
on the contrary, he was absent when this epistle
was written. (Heb. xiii. 23.) The release of Ti-
mothy from prison, and the residence of Paul in
his own hired house (Acts xxviii. 30.), lead to the
necessary inference that St. Paul, if the writer, was
then free ; or had reasonable ground for his pro-
mise to visit the Hebrews shortly (xiii. 23.) ; and
he was, in fact, acquitted in the beginning of the
tenth year of Nero, a.d. 63 ; after which release
(and not before it) he wrote, according to Hug,
this epistle (Introd. N. T. s. 143.), which is also
the opinion of Mill, Wetstein, Tillemont, Lardner,
and Calmet. Chrysostom says {^Prolog, ad Rom.)
that this epistle was written dirJ) 'vdijx-qs from Rome.
So does Theodoret {Com. ad Rom. et Heh.xm. 24.)
The assumption that it is less perfect as a dog-
matic exposition than other writings of St. Paul
(" written during the Hebraistic condition of his
mind"), is not warranted by the opinion of the
best authorities in dogmatic theology. Hug says
it is Paul's master- piece (s. 143.). Moses Stuart
(Lond. 1828), as the advocate of St. Paul, and
Bleekf or Tholuck, his opponents, and both, like
Luther, the advocates of ApoUos J as the author
of it, furnish materials whereon to found a judg-
ment as to the time and place of its composition.
The hypothesis of the early date of this epistle as
by the hand of St. Paul from Corinth, is that of
Storr (Stuart, i. 19.) and Noesselt (Stuart, i. 31.),
but it cannot stand the test of comparison with
the positive evidence extant on this point, whereon
the critics generally are well agreed.

T. J. BuCKTON.

Lichfield.

* Bill. Cabinet.

t " Versuch einer voUatand. Einleitung in d. Brief a.
d. Hebr. Berlin, 1828."

X So are Le Clerc, Heuraann, Semler, Ziegler, Dindorf,
and De Wette.

FEANCIS BURGERSDICIU8.

(2°* S. viii. 327.)

Franco Petri Burgersdijck, or Burghersdijck,
or Burgersdicius, was born at Lier in De'fland,
May 3, 1590. He was educated at Amersfoort,
Delft, and Leiden. He next entered at Saumur,
where, after a residence of six months, he was
appointed professor of philosophy. After five
years (in 1619) he returned to Leiden, where (iu
March, 1620) he became professor of rhetoric.
In 1628 he was appointed to the chair of natural
history, and held both professorships until his
death, Feb. 19, 1635. His portrait has been
engraved.

Most of his works (Idea Philosophic Naturalis,
1626; Idea Philosophies Moralis, 1626; Institu-
tiones Logicce, 1626; also, Synopsis Inslitutionum
Logicaruni and De Usu Logices, Liber singularis ;
Institutiones Physicce ; Collegium Physicum Dis-
putationibus XXXII. absoluttim, 1637 ; Institutionum
Metaphysicorum Libri II., Opus posthumum, 1640 ;
Idea CEconomicce et Politicce Doctrines, Opus pos-
thumum, 1654) have been translated into Dutch,
and widely used in other countries. Leaving
some Oxford bibliographer to say how often his
books were printed in that University (we have
in St. John's Library the Natural and Moral
Philosophy, Oxf. 1654), I extract the following
notices from a list which I am forming of books
printed at Cambridge : — Institutiones Logicce, 8vo.
1637; with Heereboord, 2 vols. 8vo. 1644; with
Vualtheri Rheto7-ica, Svo. 1647 ; Svo. John Field,
1660; A. Heereboord, Logica ex Bursgersdicio
deprompta, Svo. 1663; 8vo. 1666; Svo. with
Heereboord, 1668 ; Heereboord alone, Svo. Jo.
Hayes, 1670 ; with Heereboord, Svo. 1680.

This list has been drawn up from sale cata-
logues (chiefly the earliest) and similar sources,
but I do not doubt that the greater number of
the editions specified may be found in the Cam-
bridge libraries.

In St. John's Library we have John Field's
edition of 1660, with the motto : —

" Ad juventutem Cantabrigiensem.

Quod vetus est, juvenes, in RelUgione sequamur :
Quod placet in Logica, nil vetat esse novum."

Bound up with this is : —

" ERMHNEIA (sic), Logica, sea Synopseos Logics
Burgersdicianae Explicatio, turn per notas turn per ex-
empla ; Authore Adriano Heereboord, Phil. Profess.
Acad. Leid. primario. Editio nova accurata. Accedit
ejusdem Authoris Praxis Logica."

From this book we learn that B.'s Logic was
introduced by public authority into the schools
of Holland and West Friesland. If we are to
judge of Burgersdijck from his friends, we must
be prepared to expect much from a book recom-
mended as the Logic is, by the verses of P.
CunsBus, G. J. Vossius, and Dan. Heinsius.

2»<« S. VIII. Nov. 5. '69.].

NOTES AND QUERIES.

38.5

I have no note of any Cambridge edition later
than 1680, but the book held its ground for many
years, perhaps until " the New Philosophy " drove
out it and the study of logic_ together. Serj.
Miller, in his Account of the University of Cam-
bridge (2d ed. Lond. 1717, p. 6.) says of the
academic " youth " : —

« For they must in all Probability, in vain hear their
Tutors in their reading Ethicks, teach 'em the Sacredness
of an Oath; when if look but -within the Lid of their
Burgersditius's Logic, (where that taken at their Matricu-
lation is usuall}' pasted) they can't but see One, which
soon after their Admission they forced them to take;
tho' at the time of taking, they could not know the Ex-
tent of it, or if thej- did, their own Reason told 'em, they
could never punctually perform it."

If Watt has described the book referred to by
Prof. Db Morgan correctly, I think that the
name Fr. B. must be a pseudonym, as I find no
mention of any one of the name in Cambridge.
Pieter B., the son of Franco, was Pensionary of
his native city, Leiden, but I do not trace the
family farther.

For the substance of this Note I am indebted
to the very elaborate BiograpMsch Woordenboek
der Nederlanden, edited by Mr. A. J. van Der Aa
(Haarlem, Brederode, vol.ii. pp. 1583, 1584, where
the Dutch sources are pointed out). As, how-
ever, this book is still incomplete, and few copies
probably have found their way to this country, I
would refer for farther information to Georgi's
JBilcher- Lexicon, and to the Bodleian Catalogue,
s. V. In Grasse's Lehrbuch (iii. ii. 735, note 48),
several of the more accessible authorities are
named. J. E. B, Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

P.S. I have not quoted what Sir W. Hamilton
says (Discussions, Sfc, ed. 1. p. 119. note) of our
author's obligations to Mark Duncan, his colleague
at Saumur, as I assume that Pkof. Db MoBaAN
had that note in his eye when he wrote.

GEOBGE: HERBERT AND THEOCRITUS.

(2°'! S. viii. 290.)

It is well known to scholars that several short
Greek poems, of the class inquired for by P. D.,
have been transmitted to us from ancient times.
There is some diversity of opinion as to their
authors : some, attributed to Theocritus, being
also referred to Simmias of Rhodes, and others to
Dosiadas, a contemporary poet of the same coun-
try. Most of them may be found in the Cam-
bridge editions of the Poetce Minores Grceci
(Cantab. 1652, 1677, &c.), and in Brunck's
Analecta Poett. Gr. (Argentorati, 1776). The
Syrinx appears, I believe, for the first time in the
Roman edition of Theocritus (1516), and with it
also the Secu7'is, Alee, and Ara of Simmias.

In the Heidelberg edition of Theocritus, Mos-

chus, Bion, and Simmias (1596), we have at p.
305. et sq. " Simmias Rhodij, Ovum, Alee, Securis,
ejusdera, vel, ut alij sentiunt, Theocriti, Syrinx,
et Ara." They again occur with the same quali-
fication in another Heidelberg edition of the
same poets (1604), p. 207. ad p. 224. Again, ia
Lectius' edition of the Poetce Grceci Veteres, Car-
minis hej'oici Scriptores (Col. AUobr. 1606), we find
besides the Securis, Ovum, and Alee of Simmias,
the Ara described as being referred by some to
Theocritus, " tifiy-iov tov 'Fodiov Bco/ios, Kara Se rtvas
QeoKpiTov." Even the Syrinx is not included in
Thomas Martin's beautiful edition of Theocritus,
Moschus, and Bion (Lond. 1760, 8vo.).

Fabricius (^Bibl. Gr. lib. iii. cap. xvii.) does not
decide the authorship of the Syrinx. " Fertur
etiam sub Theocrith nomine :S,vpty^ . . . alij Sim-
mia3 tribuunt." Fabricius (ib.) remarks that no-
thing is more precisely known as to the period in
which this Simmias flourished than that not only
was he more ancient than Meleager of Gadara,
who has named him in the dedication of the An-
thology, about the I70th Olympiad, but also that
Philicus of Corcyra, a tragic poet contemporary
with Theocritus, under Ptolemy Philadelphus
about the 120th Olympiad, must have been later
than him. His true age must therefore be sought
somewhere between these limits. The Ovum, the
Alee, and the Securis, are mentioned by Fabricius,
as certainly the work of Simmias.

Besides the Ara, attributed doubtfully to Sim-
mias, and to Theocritus, there is another, the pro-
duction of Dosiadas, a Rhodian of the same or
nearly the same period with Simmias. The
learned Claudius Salmasius published both these
Arce as the work of Dosiadas (Paris, 1619, small
4to.). His edition includes the Greek text with
a Latin version of the entire six figurate poems,
to which are subjoined his own admirable an-
notations. His original edition having become
very rare was republished by Thomas Crenius, in
his Museum Philologicum etHistoricum (L.B. 1700,
cr. 8vo.). It includes a treasure of critical learn-
ing.

Mediseval Latin poetry furnishes many similar
difficult lusus in versification, of which it may be
sufficient here to mention the wondrous work of
Rabanus Maurus, Archbishop of Mentz (ninth
century), De Laudibus S. Crucis, in which we
hesitate whether to admire more the complete
command of language or the devotional feeling by
which it is animated. Arterus.

Dublin.

Your correspondent P, D. will find some ac-
count of what he wishes to know in D'Israeli's
Curiosities o/ Literature (E. Moxon, 1840, p. 106.),
under the heading of " Literary Follies." The
following quotation may serve for a " sample : "

" Verses of grotesque shapes have sometimes been con •

386

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.

trived to convey ingenious thoughts. Pannard,a modern
French poet, has tortured his agreeable vein of poetry
into such forms. He has made some of his Bacchanalian
songs take the figures of bottles, and others of glasses.
These objects are perfectly drawn b}"^ tiie various mea-
sure of the verses which form the song."

A Magyar Exile.
Edinburgh.

P. D. will find sorae verses taking their names
from the forms they assume, in a work intitled
PoetcB Minores Groeci, Cantab, mdclxxxiv. The
Syrinx of Theocritus is also attributed to Sim-
mias, a n;rammarian of Rhodes. This work con-
tains " Simmiae Rhodii Ovum," " Siramise Rhodii
Alae," " Simmiae Rhodii Securis ; vel secundum
alios, Theocriti," another Syrinx, inscribed to Pan ;
and " Simmiae Ara, vel secundum alios, Theo-
criti." R. C.

Cork.

OLIVER ST. JOHN.

(2"* S. vii. 27.)

Although the Query which you were so good
as to insert for me on the 8th January last, re-
specting the identity of " Black Oliver St. John "
produced no reply through your pages, I am
happy to state that it led to several communica-
tions being made to me direct, which have af-
forded links in the chain of evidence establishing
the point in question. In the query referred to,
I suggested that " Black Oliver " might have been
the son, or the grandson, of John St. John of
Lydiard Tregose, the great-grandfather of Oliver
Lord Grandison. In this conjecture I was cor-
rect. Oliver, the second son of John St. John, is
stated by Edinondson (iv. 328.) to have married
the daughter and coheir of — Love, of Winchel-
sea, and to have had three sons, Oliver, Nicholas,
and John.*

It appears from this document that Oliver St.
John and Margaret Love were married before
John Love made his will, which is dated 26th
March, 1593, for in it he bequeaths to " son St.
John and Margaret, my daughter, his wife, all
lands, &c.," and, " to son St John house he now
lives in in Winchelsea." The marriage must,
however, have taken place a few years previously
to that date, for his eldest son, Nicholas, was of
age on 10th May, 6th Jas., when he joined in the
conveyance of certain lands to Thomas Risley.
It appears from another indenture, dated 5th
May, 13th Jas. (1615) that Oliver St. John's two
younger sons, Oliver and John, were then still
minors ; that their father was living at Marl-
borough, and that their mother was dead. We

* This statement is confirmed by a document among
the title-deeds of an estate called Troppinden, in Sussex,
preserved among the evidences of George B. Courthope
of VVhilegh, in'that count)', Esquire.

have no evidence to show when Oliver St. John
removed from Winchelsea to Marlborough, but
we find his name as an inhabitant of the latter
town in an Armoury Book of the date of 1606,
preserved in the corporation chest, and the re-
gister of burials of the parish of St. Mary shows
that " Margaret, wife of Oliver St. John, gent,
(was) buried Sept. 19th, 1606."

After the death of this wife he appears to have
remarried, for the register above quoted records
that " Mrs. St. John, wife of Mr. Oliver St. John
(was) buried April 3'\ 1603."

We have no evidence to show the date when
he died, but the will of an Oliver St. John is re-
corded in the registers of the Prerogative Court
of Canterbury in the year 1639, although, un-
fortunately, as stated in a marginal note, neither
the original nor any copy can be found. No
trace of his burial is found in the Marlborough
registers.

One discrepancy remains to be reconciled.
Both Edmondson and the Visitation Pedigree show
Oliver as the " son and heir " of Oliver St. John
by Margaret Love. This can only be reconciled
by supposing that Nicholas, who is proved by
Mr. Courthope's document to have been Oliver
St. John's eldest son, died between 1612, when he
released his Interest in Troppinden, and 1623, the
date of the heralds' visitation.

I am afraid that this Note is rather long, but
shall be obliged if you will insert it, not only as
clearing up an obscure historical question upon
which both Lord Campbell and Mr. Foss arc in
error, but also as showing the usefulness of " N.
& Q." to persons engaged in historical research.
To its pages I am indebted for communications
from several highly esteemed correspondents,
which have afforded me most valuable inform-
ation. John Maclean.

Hammersmith.

»0pTteiS to Minat ^uttlt^.

Seals of Officers who perished in Affghanistan
(2""* S. viii. 289.) — It will, we are sure, be very
gratifying to Mb. Batley, and we think very in-
teresting to our readers, to know that No. 1. of
the three seals forwarded by that gentleman from
Futteyghur, upon the supposition " that they had
once belonged to officers who fell in Affghanistan,"
has been identified and restored to the family of
Lieut. F. H. Hawtrey, who fell in Affghanistan
in 1842. The seal which has now, after the lapse
of seventeen years, been restored in so singular
a manner, is the only relic of Lieut. Hawtrey
which his family have recovered ; and Mr. Bay-
ley may be assured how much it is prized by his
relatives, and how highly they appreciate the good
feeling which prompted him to send the seals to
Europe for identification. Ed, " N. & Q."

2»d S. VIIL Nov. 5. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

387

Louis the Fifteenth (S-'i S. viii. 298.)— When I
last wrote I was wholly unaware whether the
claimant to the earldom of Stirling was alive or
not. I have referred to the account of his trial
in 1839, which appears to be very carefully re-
ported, and I hasten to correct a mistatement
of mine. Mr. " Alexander Humphreys, or Alex-
ander," for such was his designation, was " as-
soilzied," which I suppose means " not convicted."
The verdict commences thus : —

" 1st. We find unanimously that the Excerpt Charter
libelled on is a forged document ; and find by a majority
that it is not proven that the prisoner forged it, or was
guilty art and part thereof; and also that it is not
proven that he uttered it as genuine, knowing it to be
forged."

(The italics are mine.) The Excerpt Charter
found to be a forgery was the pretended charter
of Novo Damns from Charles I., upon which the
claim of Mr. Alexander was founded.

I believe that a verdict of " not proven " is
not, in Scottish law, equivalent to an acquittal.
That a minority of the jury found Mr. Alexander
guilty of forging the charter appears evident
from the words of the verdict ; and I think any
unprejudiced person, after reading the details of
the trial, will agree with me that the less said on
the matter the better for the reputation of Mr.
Alexander.

I think the audacious forgery of the tombstone
in the case of the Tracy Peerage, a few years
since, was in no respect of a worse character than
the forgery of this pretended charter; and I can-
not understand how any one, in the face of the
verdict, can venture to assert that this Mr. Hum-
phreys, or Alexander, was the rightful Earl of
Stirling, or had even a shadow of right to the
dignity. y. S. M.

Dublin.

Humphreys, soi-disant Earl of Stirling (2"'^ S.
viii. 298.) — J. A. Pn. should have recollected,
prior to sending his Minor Reply, that there are
two reports of the trial of this impostor: one by Mr.
Swinton, the other by Mr. Turnbull, — in the Pre-
face to the latter of which reports, all the singular
antecedents of Humphreys are faithfully recorded.
Neither de jure nor de facto had this man any
pretensions to the extinct dignity ; and so far from
being acquitted in the manner represented by
J. A. Pn. (quasi-triumphaliter), he was merely
acquitted from the charge of forging documents
upon which he based his pretended claim, but
which documents were found to have been forged.
The contributor of this Note knows the admission
of Humphreys' own solicitor as to the forging of
these documents. M. L.

Lincoln's Inn.

Cloven Foot (2"* S. viii. 309.) —Your respected
correspondent is naturally struck with the ap-

parent contradiction, that the evil one should be
represented as cloven-footed, while cloven feet,
under the Old Testament ritual, were a criterion
of clean beasts.

It might be deemed equally strange that the
devil should be generally represented as horned,
seeing that horns are usually the pictorial attri-
bute of Moses, the great lawgiver of the Jews.

The horns of Moses are easily explained. When
he descended from the Holy Mount, his face
"shone" or beamed (Ex. xxxiv. 29, 30. 35.) ; and
in its primitive signification the Hebrew word
which we render " shone," implies that his face
" horned," i. e. shot out horns or beams of light.
Hence the two-horned Moses of mediaaval art.
Even the great Buonarroti himself fell into this
trap, as may be seen in the statue of Moses at the
Crystal Palace.

But why is the devil usually portrayed both
horned and cloven-footed ?

The fact is that the devil, as he has been com-
monly depicted, is a form of composite character,
chiefly derived from the classical superstitions of
Greece and Rome.

The devil, as usually described, and still in
magic-lanthorn exhibitions portrayed, is cloven-
footed and horned, tailed and black, and carries a
pitchfork.

The pitchfork vernacularly attributed to Satan
is the two-pronged sceptre of Pluto, king of Hell.
Mythologists earnestly solicit our attention to the
important distinction, that the sceptre of Neptune,
indeed, was a trident, or had three teeth ; but the
sceptre of Pluto had only two. This last, then, is
the fti?o-pronged instrument in the hands of the
evil one, — the devil's pitchfork. Not only his
pitchfork, however, but his blackness, the devil
owes to Pluto ; who, from his disadvantageous
position beneath the surface, is named "Jupiter
niger," the black Jupiter. (^Sen.) Cf. " atri janua
Ditis" (Virg.), '^'^ nigri regia cceca dei " (Ov.).

The tail, horns, and cloven feet of the evil one,
are due to the Greek satyri, and to their equiva-
lents the Roman fauni. These, as we all know,
had horns, and tails, and cloven feet. But be it
borne in mind, as a connecting link, that the word
rendered '■'■ satyrs,"" in the Old Testament, h;is by
some been understood to signify demons or devils.
(Is. xiii. 21. ; xxxiv. 13.) Hence the confusion of
the attributes.

Considering the many fearful and truthful re-
presentations of Satanic power which we find in
Scripture, does it not signally indicate the influ-
ence of folk lore, and the abiding operation of
popular tradition, when we thus find our worst
enemy (next to ourselves) known vernacularly to
this day rather as the embodiment of by-gone
superstitions, than as a spiritual adversary, not to
be combated save by weapons drawn from the
Christian armoury ? Thomas Bots.

388

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"i S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.

Scandal against Queen Elizabeth (2°"* S. vii.
106. 180. 283. 345.)— With reference to this sub-
ject the following extract from an article in House-
hold Words, vol. xvi. 83., may be interesting : —

" An entry in a manuscript*, at the Free School of
Shrewsbury, tells of a certain son of the Earl of Leicester

and Queen Elizabeth." " This manuscript, which

is well preserved and partially illuminated, once belonged
to a Roman Catholic vicar of Shrewsbury, who in fifteen
hundred and fifty-five was appointed to the vicarage by
Queen Mary. He afterwards conformed to the Established
Church, and held the living for sixty years. This vicar,
who was called Sir John Dychar, migiit not have been
friendly to the Protestant Queen : and the singular entry
in his hand in the margin of the book may have been a
piece of malice. It is however remarkable that an at-
tempt has been made to efface the entry, but unsuccess-
taUy, the first ink being the blackest, and refusing to be
empowered by that which substituted other words, in
hopes of misleading the reader. The entry runs as fol-
lows : ' Henrj' Roido' Dudley Tuther Plantagenet filius
Q. E. reg. et Robt. Comitis Leicestr.' This is written at
the top of the page, nearly at the beginning of the book,
and at the bottom there has evidently been more ; but a
square piece has been cut out of the leaf, therefore the
secret is effectually preserved. There is a tradition that
such a personage as this mysterious son was brought up
secretly at the free-school of Shrewsbury ; but what be-
came of him is not known ; nor is it easy to account for
this curious entry in the parish-church book of Shrews-
bury."

James Delano.

Norton Faintly (2°"' S. viii. 249.) — Old Richard
Norton, of Norton Conyers, married the daughter
of Richard Nevill, Lord Latimer. He had a very
large family, and is said to have led his nine sons
to join the "rising in the North." Stowe says
that he had the honour to bear before the rebel
army " a crosse with a banner of the five wounds."
When the Earls of Northumberland and West-
morland fled, Richard Norton accompanied them
into Scotland, and finally escaped into Flanders.
Sir George Bowes, writing to the Earl of Sussex,
Nov. 17, 1569, says : —

"-Yesterdaj', Francis Norton, with the number of a
hundred horsemen, hath enterd John Stair's house at
Worsall, and therin taken his sone and some portion of
armor which is not great, but much discomforteth hym
for his Sonne. The armour is six corsletts, two or three
harquebusses, and six marryons, which he weigheth
not."

In Mr. W. D. Cooper's interesting memoir of
Thomas Norton of Sharpenhoe, Bedfordshire, pre-
fixed to Ralph Roister Doister, and Gorhoduc
(Shakspeare Society, 1847), is the following note
connected wilh the subject of the present en-
quiry : —

''In the Lansd. MSS., 27, 61 (1578), is a pedigree of
the Yorkshire 'Nortons, the rebels,' of whom Christopher
and Thomas were executed for high treason at Tyburn,
27th May, 1570. They were connected by marriage
with the Plumptons, Mortons, Thurlands, Tanckerdes of

[*_It is an entry in the margin of an old Latin Bible,
and is facsimiled in Owen and Blakeway's History of
Shrewsbury, i. 375. — Ed.]

Borough bridge, and other Roman Catholics of the North.
They are of different blood to the Nortons of Sharpenhoe,
and are the famils- of Nortons referred to in Strj-pe's An-
nals, vol. ii. part i., pp. 577-8. ; and in Wordsworth's
White Doe of Rylstone. They were ancestors of Sir Flet-
cher Norton."

Sampson Davie was the author of a rare tract
of seven leaves, in verse, entitled

" The several Confessions of Thomas Norton and Chris-
topher Norton, two of the Northern Rebels, who suffered
at Tyburn, and were drawn, hanged, and quartered for
treason. May 27 (1570). Imprinted by William How for
Richard Jones."
^ Edward F. RiMSAtLT.

Terminations in " -ness " (2"*" S. vii. 386.) — Mr.
WiLLM. Matthews asked, so long since as the 7th
of May last, whether " Lincolnshire contains any
other names of places having this termination"
except " Clayness or Cleaness, Ness Hundred, and
Skegness ;" and adds that perhaps I would have
the kindness to inform him. I am sorry that I
have laid under a charge of a want of courtesy for
nearly Jive months ; but I assure Mr. Matthews
I replied to his Query to the best of my ability,
in a communication to " N. & Q," nearly four
months ago. I am glad, however, thus late to put
myself right with Mr. Matthews, and will repeat
the substance of my former reply. I know of no
places in Lincolnshire having the termination of
-ness, except Ness Hundred and Skegness. I
have never heard of Clayness or Cleaness. Nor is,
to the best of my knowledge, Newton Ness in
Lincolnshire. Pishey Thompson.

Stoke Newington.

Shawl at Leyburn : Prisons of Mary Queen of
Scots (2°^ S. viii. 248.) — The word sliawl, or
shaul, as applied to the lofty natural terrace at
Leyburn, in the co. of York, is conjectured by
Mr. Barker, in his Three Days at Wensleydale, to
be an abbreviation of Shaw-hill; shaw meaning
a wood. Mary, Queen of Scots, landed at Work-
ington, in Cumberland, on the 16th of May, 1568,
and on the 18th was conducted to Carlisle Castle,
where she remained a short time in the custody
of Henry, eleventh Lord Scrope of Bolton, War-
den of the Marches; but Queen Elizabeth, fearing
she might escape to Scotland, directed her re-
moval to Bolton Castle, where she arrived on the
13th July in the same year. In this castle she
was under the care of Lord Scrope and Sir
Francis Knollys, till the end of Jan. 1569. No
written record appears to be known, corrobo-
rating the local tradition of Queen Mary's at-
tempted escape from this castle.

C. J. D. Ingledew.

Transmission through few Links. — The present
Anthony ClifFe of Bellcove, co. Wexford, Esq.,
born 10 March, 1800, is only son of the late
Major Anthony Clifie, who was born 1 1 October,
1734. Y. S. M.

2°'»S. VIII. Nov.5. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

389

Wymondham Bell Inscription (2°"^ S. vii. 451.) —
Some months since I examined this peal, and the
Toscription on the tenor is, " tvba ad ivditiam

CAMPANA AD ECLE8IVM 1653 TC . ES . EP . 18 .

CHVRCHWARDENS," OH shoiilder of bell i b. Each
letter is on a diapered cartouche. I have not had
an opportunity to refer to the churchwardens' ac-
counts for 1653, where I should probably have
ascertained to whom the initials 1. B. belonged.
Most likely they are John Brend's, a Norwich
bellfounder from 1634 to 1658. The inscriptions
on the other bells are of little or no interest, but
perhaps you will print them, as they are not ac-
curately given in the local guide book.

" 1. Thomas Newman of Norwich made me,
1739.

2. Anno Domini, 1606, fflSS.

3. John Brend made me, 1638.

4. T. Newman made me. T. Randall. S.
Proctor. R. Gibbs. R. Sewell. C. W. 1739."

There is a clock bell outside by the Messrs.
Warner, dated 1856.

The tenor weighs (judging from size and tone)
about 24 cwt., and is the largest and finest bell
of John Brend's that has come under my notice.

J. L'ESTKANGE.

stamp Office, Norwich.

Epigram (2"^ S. viii. 290.) — The epigram in-
quired for by Belater-Adime is by Milton, and
will be found in the original Latin in the " Epi-
grammatum Liber," No. xiii.: —

" Ad Christinam Suecorum Reginam, Nomine
Cromwelli.
"Bellipotens virgo, septem Regina Trionum,
Christina, Arctoi lucida stella poli!
Cernis quas merui dura sub Casside rugas,

Utque senex, armis impiger, ora tero :
Invia fatorum dum per vestigia nitor,

Exequor et populi fortia jussa manu.
Ast tibi submittit frontem reverentior umbra;
Nee sunt hi vultus regibus usque truces."
The English version, according to Todd, ap-
peared in Toland's life of the poet, fol. 1698, p.
39. :—

" Bright martial maid, qu4een of the frozen zone !
The northern pole supports thy shining throne :
Behold what furrows age and steel can plow ;
The helmet's weight oppress'd this wrinkled brow.
Through Fate's untrodden paths I move ; my hands
Still act my free-born people's bold commands :
Yet this stern shade to you submits his frowns,
Nor are these looks always severe to crowns ! "

Query. Who was the author of the translation ? *

Libya.

Poole Family (2°* S. viii. 250.)— In all proba-
bility the Rev. Matthew Wood, whose daughter
Cecily was married to Reginald Poole, was Vicar,
not of Wehhenhury, but of Wybunhury, a parish

[* Most probably by Tolai'.d himself, who states that
this epigram has also been attributed to Andrew Marvel.
— Ed.J

in Cheshire, not far from Nantwich. A. M, will
very likely find a list of the vicars of Wybun-
bury in Ormerod's History of Cheshire.

Oxoniensis.
[The following entry occurs in Ormerod's Cheshire, iii.
255. : " Matthew Wood, presented to the Rectory of
Wybunbury, 22 June, 1570.— Ed.]

Motto (2'"» S. viii. 156.) — The motto, "His
Calcabo gartos," as explained by H. C. C., may
find its origin and application in the following
circumstances : —

After the voluntary exile, in 1607, of Hugh
O'Neil, Earl of Tyrone, the government of James
1. formed the design of extirpating the adherents
of that chief, and of planting an English colony in
their stead. For this pilrpose seven of the native
septs were dispossessed of their lands, and ban-
ished to the county of Kerry, as the remotest
place from that of their birth. (See Moore's HiS'
tory of Ireland.) One of the septs thus despoiled,
wishing to escape from the persecution to which
the bearers of the name of O'Neil were subjected,
both as " rebels and Papists," assumed that of
" Breen " from Braon O'Neil, the head of the
sept ; and under that name they have continued
since that period in different parts of Kerry. The
present representative of the family is your quon-
dam correspondent, Mr. Henry Hegart Breen,
Lieut.-Governor of St. Lucia. His motto is "Com-
rac sun ceart," " Fight for the right ; " and the
motto of the family that obtained possession of his
ancestors' estates in Ulster would be " His Calcabo
gartos," as explained at p. 156. W. C.

John Exton (2"^ S. viii. 310.) — Was of Trinity
Hall, Cambridge; B.A. 1619-20; M.A. 1623;
LL.D. 1634. C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

Portraits of Archbishop Laud (2"^ S. viii. 309.)
will be found at Reading, Berks, in the Council
Chamber. Oxford, St. John's College and Pic-
ture Gallery. Lambeth House. Fulham House,
CO. Middlesex. Cambridge, Trinity Hall and
Trinity College. Windsor, Guildhall. Ames-
bury. Ampthill. Easton Lodge. Walbeck.
Charlecot House, co. Warwick. Oulton House,
Cheshire. Wentworth House, Yorkshire. One
by Van Dyck in the Houghton Collection. (Vide
Walpole's Painters, ii. 101.) Wolterton House,
CO. Norfolk. Cl. Hopper.

Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh (2""* S. viii.
12.) — I regret not having received any replies to
these queries, and I now repeat them, as I have
learned there are pedigrees of the Cromer family
given in Berry's Covnty Genealogies (Sussex),
p. 318. ; BiUiotheca Topogr. Britt. vol. i. ; Play-
fair's British Family Antiquity, vol. iv. pp. 14, 15. ;
also in Manning's Surrey, vol. iii. As I have none
of these works at hand, I would feel obliged by

390

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"» S. VIII. Nov. 5. '59.

some of your correspondents examining these or
other works of a genealogical or biographical
character, and letting me know if they find any
trace of this George Cromer, and of his appoint-
ments previous to his elevation to the primacy of
all Ireland, or indeed any notice of him.

T. V. N.

Scotch Episcopal Clergy (2°* S. viii. 329.) —
Although the following does not exactly answer J.
A. P.'s Query, it will, I think, be of service to
him. It is copied from p. 39. of a curious little
work in my possession, entitled Plain Reasons for
Presbyterian Dissenting from the Revolution Church
in Scotland, 1731. No date, place, or author's
name : —

"The author of the Memoirs of the Church of Scotland
printed 1717, p. , informs that there were 165 cu-
rates in the actual and peaceable possession of their
Churches, Manses, Glebes, and Stipends at the time of
the Union, anno 1707 ; a list of their Names andParishes
where they lived was published at that time."

Query. Does this list exist anywhere ?

Sigma Theta.

Archiepiscopal Mitre (2"* S. viii. 248.) — The
answer to this question may be seen in 2"** S. vii.
176. York.

Adrian Dee (2'"» S. viii. 310.) —Was of Trinity
College, Cambridge; B.A. 1626-7; M.A. 1630.
C. H. & Thompson Cooper.
Cambridge.

fRiittWKntavii.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Works of George Herbert in Prose and Verse. 2
Vols. 8vo. (Bell & Daldy.)

While the English language is spoken, and piety,
sweetness, and charity are esteemed among men, the
writings of George Herbert will be regarded as one of our
religious classics. These writings have frequently been
reprinted, and as frequently received fresh blemishes by
the mistakes of printers, and the carelessness of editors.
This observation does not apply, however, to the two
handsome volumes which are now before us. On them
Mr. VVhittingham has exercised his typographical skill,
while Mr. Yeowell has collated the texts with the early
copies, and so produced what may now fairly be considered
the standard edition of George Herbert's Works. Mr.
Yeowell's notes, especially those to the Life, are much to
the purpose, and give good earnest of the valuable infor-
mation we may look for in the edition of Walton's Lives
which he has been so long engaged upon.

TAe Marvellous Adventures and Rare Conceits of Mas-
ter Tyll Owlglas, newly collected, chronicled, and set forth
in our English Tongue, by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.
And adorned with many most Diverting and Cunning De-
vices, by .\lfred Crowquill. (Triibner & Co.)

Welcome Tyll Rulenspiegel in an English dress ! We
have read thy merrj' story in old Murner's crabbed Ger-
man, and old Copland's scarcely less crabbed English ;
and in that more modern, yet debased version, printed in
1720, of a copy of which we, like the late Mr. Douce and
Mr. Mackenzie, can fortunately boast the possession.

We have thee on our shelves in all sorts of editions, from
the well-thumbed Volksbuch to the edition so deftly en-
riched with plates from the pencil of Cornelius, and that
so learnedly illustrated by the pen of Dr. Lappenberg :
and right glad are we to place beside them this hand-
some and prettih' illustrated volume, in which thy story
(exceptis excipiendis, for that is very needful,) is told to
English readers with no little quaintness, and its literary
history narrated with no niggard learning, by Mr. Mac-
kenzie.

The new number of Bentley's Quarterly Review ex-
hibits the same vigour and power in its writers by which
its predecessors were distinguished; and it has the merit
of containing papers of very varied interest. France and
Europe, and Guizot's Memoirs, will please the politician.
The historical reader is catered for by articles on Momm-
sen's History of Rome, and Capefig-ue's Court of Louis tlie
Fifteenth. The man of science will read with interest the
paper on The Connection of the Physical Sciences, as the
antiquary those on Surrey and Shakspeai-ian Literature ;
while there is not a clubman in England who will lay down
Bentley's Quarterly without satisfaction after perusing
the article on English Field Sports and A/pine Travellers.

Macmillan's Magazine, edited by David Masson, is a
new and clever addition to the present list of Monthly
Periodicals. Tom Brown at Oxford is the great feature
of the opening number, which contains many papers of
great talent. If Macmillan's Magazine is to be regarded
as the mouthpiece of Young Cambridge, Young Cam-
bridge clearly takes very advanced views on the subject
of secular education and universal suffrage.

Books Received. —

The Naval History of Great Britain from the Declara-
tion of War by France, in 1799, to the Accession of George
IV. By William James. A New Edition with Addi-
tions and Notes. Vols.V.^VI. (Bentley.)

We have in these two volumes the conclusion of Mr.
Bentley's well-timed reprint of a work to which every
Englishman may turn with pride and satisfaction. If it
be true that Defoe's Robinson Crusoe has led many a lad
to run away to sea, we are sure that the introduction of
this cheap edition of James into our school libraries may
do much towards inducing our boys to embrace the Navy
as a profession.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PORCHA8B.

Harrow's Sermons. Vol. I. of the 5 Vol. Edition. Svo. 1823.
• »• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, c«»xia(/e /ree, to be
sent to Mkssrs. Bkll & Dxldy, Publishers of" NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars ot Price. &c.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
the (tentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

HoRx Bkatissimjk Viroinis Mari^, skc. TTsum Sarom. Paris. Fr.
Regnault. 1526.

Portifiirium secundum TIsum Sahum. Paris. Ueenault. 1555.

MissALA Sarum. 4to. Paris. 1515. Or any imperfect copies or frag-
ments of Sarum Missals.

Wanted by Jiev. J. C. Jackson, 5. Chatham Place East, Hackney, N.E.

BiBTH AND Worth, or the Practical Uses op a Pediorke.
Wanted by G. W. Marshall, Peter House, Cambridge.

iJftott«S t0 Carrc)SiJ0iTtititW.

. We are again compelled by press of matter and the demands made upon
iis by our advertiring friends, to enlarge " N. & Q. " <o 32 pages.

A. M. Sir Bernard Burke is now Ulster King of-Arms, whose office
is, we believe, at the Castle, Dublin.

3. L. There is no doubt that Milton wrote Paradise Regained.

2»i S. VIII. Nov. 12. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

391

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOyEMBER 12. 1859.

N». 202. — CONTENTS.

NOTES : — Dr. John ITewett, Chaplain to Charles I., by J. F. N.
He*ett,39l — Scott's Novels: George Constable, 393— The Delavals,
394 — Cotton's " Typographical Gazetteer," by B. F. Sketchley, 395.

Minor Notes: — The Immaculate Edition of Horace— Sir K. Digby's
Powder— Curious Marriage _ Lady Mayoress of York— Napoleon's
Escape from Elba — Catalogues, 395.

QUERIES : —Jones of Nayland and the Rev. Geo. "Watson, by J. M.
Quteli,396— Portrait of a True Gentleman, 397.

Minor Qcebiks : — Arthur Hallam's Literary Remains — Families of
Ross — William Forth — Slaves in England — Precedency — " The
Clergyman's Companion " — " The Bill of Michael Angelo" — " The
Castle of iEsculapius " — Boley Hill, Rochester, &c.,397.

Minor Queries with Answers : — Bunyan'8 Burial-place and Tomb-
stone — Sir Horace Poole — Had Bishop Williams a Play performed
in liis House on a Sunday?— Pliny's Chapter on Gems and Precious
Stones — Public Sale of Library in 1810 — Richard Bernard, 400.

REPLIES: — Last Wolf in Scotland, 402— The Early Editions of
Foxe's Book of Martyrs, by Dr. Rimbault, &e. , 40S — Italian Music in
England, by W. H. Husk, 401 — Efford, by R. S. Charnock, Ac, 406 —
Seven Dates wanted, by James Elmes, &c.,i6.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Judge's Black Cap — Stamford Hill —
Do Horses tremble when they see a Camel — Original of the Faust
Legends — Liberavi animam meara — Duchess of Marlborough —
Thomas Maude — The Wren Song — Jacob Chaloner — Vulgates of
1482-4 — Carriage Boot — Hammer Cloth — Bulse, Stc, 406.

DB. JOHN HEWETT, CHAPLAIN TO CHARLES I.

An antiquarian friend, a contributor of much
valuable matter to the pag§s of " N. & Q.," hav-
ing requested me to furnish him with a biogra-
phical sketch of this eminent martyred divine, I,
in endeavouring to comply with the wish ex-
pressed by my correspondent, having discovered
a considerable mass of interesting information —
interesting because the life of this once celebrated
preacher was so intimately connected with the
death of Cromwell, and of his favourite daughter,
Elizabeth Claypole ; because the tale itself com-
prehends the elements of a romance ; and because,
being the story of a Merchant Taylors' schoolboy
of yore who rose to eminence, it must possess in-
terest to all who have been educated there ; and
because It displays the mould in which the " po-
pular preacher" of bygone days was cast — and
every particular appearing to me equally worthy
of record, I did not know what to omit so as to
confine myself to the limit of a mere sketch, and I
therefore have come to the conclusion that, if the
Editor of " N. & Q." shall deem this Note to pos-
sess sufficient public interest to entitle it to ap-
pear in the pages of that periodical, I cannot do
better than to submit the compilation for publi-
cation ; by which means I afford my correspon-
dent an opportunity to select and abridge for
himself, and add the paper to my former contri-
butions (2"<i S. vi. 246. 294. 331. 465.) relating to
the Hewett family.

John Huet, Hewit, Hewyt, or Hewett — as the
same name was in early times variously spelled —
was the son of " Thomas Hewitt of Eccles, Lane,"
as appears by an Inscription on his portrait in the

family gallery belonging to Wm. J. Legh, Esq.,*
Lyme Park, Disley Stockport, Cheshire, men-
tioned by Lysons, Mag. Brit. (1818), vol. ii. part
II., and in Ormerod's Cheshire ; but with regard
to his paternity, although I have carefully searched
every available record, and though I find, among
Eccles. Par. Reg. and transcripts, that a Thomas
Hewett, Hewitt, or Huet (as the name of the same
Individual is given) did exist about the period
that would entitle him to be considered the father
of this John, and that he had several children,
yet I am unable to discover among the entries re-
lating to his progeny the registry of the baptism
of this the future divine. However, the discrep-
ancy may be accounted for by the Infamous man-
ner In which these invaluable records have been
mutilated and maltreated, and the irregularity
with which transcripts were sent In, and the cul-
pable carelessness with which, when transmitted,
they have been treated : nevertheless, I learn from
the Rev. C. J. Robinson that, among the registers
of persons educated at Merchant Taylors' School,
his name — Identified in the manner the reader
will presently perceive — occurs, and that It states
he was born Srd Jan. 1604. The Thomas Huet,
or Hewitt, of Eccles, who must have been his
father, appears to have followed the trade, so com-
monly adopted by the cadets of the house of that
name, that of the Clothworkers ; and as this seems
to have been the " family profession," we may
justly assume, taking into consideration other evi-
dence to be adduced hereinafter, he was descended
from the ancient family settled at Killamarch,
Derby, or Wales, York — both of which houses
sprung from the same stock — are deduced from
Kent, and from whom descended the Hewetts of
Pishiobury Hall, Herts ; Hewetts of Stretton
Hall, Leicester ; of Headley Hall, York ; of Bil-
ham Hall, York ; and of Shire- oaks Park, Notts. ;
the representatives of all of which were during
the troublesome times alike distinguished for
loyalty and devotion to their unfortunate or exiled
monarch. (Robt. Hewet, of Ampthill, Esq., sum-
moned before Parliament, 23rd Dec. 1641, for
assembling and training men for the service of
Charles Stuart, Jour. H. Commons, vol. I. p. 354. ;
Sir John Hewet, of Headley Hall and Worsely,
Bart., fined and imprisoned, lb. vol. iii. p. 15.,
Jan. 10th, 1644 ; and a letter exists written by
Prince Rupert to Sir Thos. Hewett of Pishiobury.)

The register of Merchant Taylors' School like-
wise records he was of Pemb. Coll., Camb. ; in-
corporated of Oxford in 1643; beheaded by
Cromwell, thereby identifying the individual.

He was minister of St. Gregory's, near St
Paul's; and in character was "rather" (Thur-
loe's State Papers, vol. I, p. 712.) "a Tully than a
Catiline," — a man who " hath great Influence in

* Information supplied by himself,

392

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°*S. VIII. Nov. 12.'69.

the City and County, very orthodox, and to
•whose church they of the king's party frequently
resort." (lb.) He was the author of the Soules
Conflict, published for H. Broome, 1661, 8vo.
(Keunett, Register and Chronicle (mdccxxvii),
p. 349. ; Fu.sti Oxon., vol. ii. col. 723.) ; and also
other works.

He married " Lady Mary Bertie (5.), daughter
of Robert, 1st Earl of Lindsey" (inscription on
portrait) " and sister to the gallant lord who died
fighting for the king at Edghill." (Lord Somers's
Tracts, by Scott, vol. iii. p. 484. note.)

He became Chaplain to Cbas. L (inscription on
portrait and other sources) ; and his loyalty to his
son Chas. II. brought him into disrepute with
"that tyrant O. Cromwell" (Dugdale) ; and as,
says the same authority {Troubles in England,
A.D. 1658, MDCCLXxxi, p. 456.), " it being once
more expedient to renew those terrors to the peo-
ple, he (Oliver) caused his bloody theatre, called
the High Court of Justice, to be again erected in
Westminster Hall ; where, for the mere formali-
ties sake, the persons whom he did deign for de-
struction were brought— the one Dr. John Hewet,
D.D., a reverend divine ; Sir Harry Slingsby,
Peter Legh, and others," 1st June, 1658.

Here, before Lord President Lisle, he was in-
dicted, that he " minding and intending to em-
broil the commonwealth in new and intestine
wars, &c., did, together with divers persons, trai-
torously, and advisedly, and maliciously hold
intelligence and correspondence with Charles
Stuart." {State Trials.) " The prisoner sitting
covered while his impeachment was being read,
the Lord President commanded hia hat to be
taken off"." {lb.)

The prisoner then demanded to be allowed
counsel who should conduct his case, but this
right was of course refused by the " bloody theatre
called the Court of Justice." When called upon
to plead guilty o^ not guilty, the staunch old
Cavalier, who would not take off" his hat to a
court not convened by his rightful king, stoutly
contested the power and right of any court not
commissioned by the monarch of England, to sit
in judgment upon him, and demanded, by 5 & 6
E(iw. VI., trial by jury. He supported his rights
by arguments which displayed considerable legal
acumen and great skill, but his pleas, of course,
availed nothing. Being repeatedly challenged to
plead guilty or not guilty, he finally persisted in
his refusal to recognise the authority of the court,
and obstinately rejected compliance, repeatedly
declaring, " I would rather die ten thousand
deaths, than I will be guilty of giving up my fel-
low freemen's liberties and privileges," until at
length the court, wearied with his steady courage,
cried, " Take him away ; take him away ! " {State
Trials.)

He was condemned to suflfer death, and ex-

hibited a written plea and demurrer (given at
length in State Trials), the composition of which
evinces even greater skill and legal knowledge
than is displayed in his speeches.

While lying under sentence of death, his wife,
" Lady Mary Huet, and his friends" (as says the
author of the fourth part of The History of Indepen-
dence) " used engagements, persuasions, and money,
and the deep, continued, and earnest entreaties of
Mrs. Claypole — Cromwell's best beloved daugh-
ter " — could not soften the Protector's obdurate
heart; " but," proceeds Dugdale, "it concerning him
(Cromwell) at that time so much in point of policy
to sacrifice some for a terror to others, neither the
incessant supplications of Mrs. (or Lady Eliza-
beth) Claypole, nor tears could prevail ;" for, says
the axithor first quoted, " so inexorable continued
he, that, like the deaf adder, he stopped his ears
to the charmer, charm he never so wisely or so
well ; at wliich unheard-of cruelty, and for that
Dr. Hewett's lady was (as was said) with child,
Mrs. Claypole took such excessive grief, that she
suddenly fell sick, the increase of her sickness
making her rave in a most lamentable manner,
calling out against her father for Hewet's blood,
and the like ; the violence of which extravagant
passions, working upon her great weakness of
body, carried her (6th Aug. 1658) into another
world." See also Dugdale, Whitelocke's Memoirs,
and Peck's Desiderata Curiosa (1779), vols. i. and
ii. p. 538.

But the Protector's vindictive cruelty happily
reacted upon himself: for not only did it cause
the death of his daughter, but "her reproaches
on her death-bed soon after are said to have
deeply affected him, and disturbed his peace of
mind." {Lives of Eminent and Illustrious English-
men, by Cunningham, 1838, vol. ii. partii. p. 445. ;
also. Clarendon, Bulstrode.) It is well known
that Cromwell never recovered his daughter's death,
and that her reproaches, and his own guilty con-
science, wounded him deeply ; and this presents a
remarkable instance in which the commission of a
crime has, by means of retributive justice, reacted
on the offender — who in this case was pierced
by the arrow he unjustly pointed at one whose
greatest crime was not attempted assassination, but
fidelity to his king. Had Cromwell listened to the
prayers preferred by his daughter, she would not
probably at that period have been seized with
fatal illness ; and had she not died with her mouth
filled with reproaches, he would not have been
rendered a miserable broken-hearted man, nor
have gone to the grave so early. Thus Dr. Hewett
by his martyrdom was the unconscious weapon
by means of which the world was ridded of a
tyrant, and at one blow heaven avenged the crime
of murder, and the more venal sin of usurpation.

Dr. John Hewett was executed on Tower Hill
(MS. account, Brit. Mus, Add. 11,043.) 8th June,

2n<i S. VIII. Nov. 12. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

393

1658: "suffering," says Dugdale, "with great
equanimity;" and his speech on the scaffold, and
also his letter written 7th June, 1658, the night
before his execution, to Dr. Wilde*, and which was
read at his funeral, are fine specimens of eloquence,
nervous English composition, and pious resigna-
tion. His widow, " Lady Mary Huet, on Monday,
14th Feb. 1658, petitioned the Grand-committee
of the whole House for grievance against the High
Court of Justice for unjustly taking away her
husband's life." (Lord Somers' Tracts, by Scott,
vol. vi. p. 484. ; Proceedings of Parliament ; State
Trials ; and Journal of House of Commons.)

The murder of this worthy gentleman and right
loyal Cavalier caused great sensation. A mourn-
ing ring, inscribed " Herodes necuit Johannem,"
was worn by the king's party (Kennett's Register
and Chronicle, mdccxxvii., p. 373. ; and List of
Royal Martyrs). An oration was delivered on
the occasion of his funeral, and a curious Elegy,
a printed broadside, is still extant.

He left a widow, and, I think, five children;
but on this uncertain point, perhaps some of the
readers of " N. & Q." would assist me by search-
ing the parish register of St. Gregory's in ex-
change for any information from this country.
His widow subsequently married the gallant Sir
Abraham Shipman, Governor of Chester for the
king. Of his arms too, owing to the exorbitant
charges made by the heralds, which charges pre-
clude such extensive searches as mine would be,
I know nothing ; whether borne by descent, or
obtained by grant. Neither am I aware what de-
scendants he left beyond the following extract
from the Deanery of Doncaster (vol. i.), that a
Rev. Mr. Hewett (two others of the name suc-
ceeded him), who held the rectory of Harthill,
(near Wales, York, the seat of the Hewets, and
formerly the property of Sir William Hewett,
Knt., obiit 1566, from whom it passed by an
heiress to the ducal house of Osborne,) was
"grandson to Dr. Hewitt, Chaplain to King Chas.
I., and who married a sister of the Earl of Lynd-
say, who was father to the first Duchess of Leeds"
(the mother of the first duke was a Hewett).
" Dr. Hewett was beheaded by Cromwell ; his
son John Hewett, father of the first Mr. Hewett,
of Harthill, was a Barbadoes merchant (Qu. Bar-
badoes proprietor, having been expelled by Crom-
well, and, like so many loyalists, rewarded by
grants of land in the West Indies ?). The last of
the three rectors succeeded by virtue of entails
made by Sir Thomas Hewett to the beautiful

[* Dr. Hewett's letter to Dr. Wilde is printed in Wil-
son's History of the Merchant Taylors' School, p. 762.
The Ashmolean MS., 781., pp. 155-6., contains " An Elegie
upon the Death of Seccretarie Wynwood, whoe deceased
the 26 of October, 1617: 'Stay heere thou walking
flesh that pasest by.'" It is subscribed "D. Heuit,"—
Ed.]

estate of Shire-oaks, a few miles distant from
Harthill :" and, as the family of Shire-oaks were
undoubtedly descended from the ancient stock, it
would seem as though this Dr. Hewett had been
connected with that family, and that his descend-
ants had succeeded in due course of time through
lapse of direct heirs. J. F. N. Hewett.

Tyr Mab Ellis, Pont y Pridd, Glamorgan.

scott's novels : geokge constable.

The position held by the writings of Sir Walter
Scott in the world of letters has been the subject
of much dispute, for although all are inclined to
give them a high place therein, it is but natural
that some of us should put on them a much
greater comparative value than others. While
with a large number the poems rank as second
only to those of Homer, there are many who put
them below those of Byron and Coleridge. Con-
cerning the novels there is a much greater degree
of unanimity. Every one who has got eyes, ears,
or imagination, admits their marvellous truthful-
ness and their wonderful picturesqueness of de-
tail. It has been said, and I think truly, for the
matter is incapable of proof, that Scott's novels
have had more readers, during the last five-and-
twenty years than any other works, except, per-
haps, Robinson Crusoe and I'ke Pilgrim's Pro-
gress. It is certain that but one other man was
ever born in this island who, on account of his
literary fame only, has attached such universal
interest to his life and actions. Stratford Church
and Dryburgh Abbey alone, of all our British
shrines, attract more than a solitary pilgrim. Of
the life of him who sleeps in the chancel of the
old Warwickshire market town, notwithstanding
the diligence of the wise and the foolish, the
learned and the ignorant, little has been re-
covered ; of Sir Walter Scott, on the other hand,
we possess, with perhaps one exception, the best
biography in the English language. The com-
mentators have done little for his memory, the
reverence and affection of one who knew him and
loved him well, has more than supplied their place.
Of this great writer's cast of mind and mode of
thought we know sufficient to be able to compre-
hend clearly almost every doubtful passage or ques-
tionable statement to be found in his pages ; indeed,
probably no author ever lived whose works contain
so little that needs annotation ; and this fact is so
self-evident, that even the bookmakers — a race
by no means quick of perception — have for the
most part kept their hands off him. I am not
sure, indeed, whether this absence of comment
has not been carried a little farther than wisdom
warrants. A large number of Sir Walter's novels
relate to periods concerning which he drew his
materials, not from written or printed history,

394

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t^nd s, VIII. Nov. 12. '59.

not even from obscure traditions, but from the
narratives and characters of those who had lived
and acted in the times and scenes he portrays.
Nine at least of those fictions, and among them
some of the earliest and best in the collection,
relate to periods within the memory of persons
with whom the author was on intimate terms of
friendship ; and it is these that most require, not
notes in the ordinary sense of the word, but
rather appendices of illustrative facts and anec-
dote. Nothing is now to be gained from tradi-
tion concerning the era of the Crusades or the
Reformation ; little as to Montrose's wars or the
dark days of which the great Viscount Dundee is
the hero ; but of the subsequent time it is pro-
bable that much remains to be told, not indeed
perhaps of a nature to change our views of the
history of the great struggle then taking place, or
of the characters of the notable persons engaged
on either side ; but rather of such a kind as to
throw light on the interesting events of the every-
day life of the century, and on the actions and
characters of those concerning whom, though his-
tory as it is yet written Is silent, there is very
much worthy of being known. I should not
despair were I a Scottish antiquary (notwith-
standing the recent valuable works on the social
and domestic history of that land) of producing
an appendix to the modern novels which the
reader, when he had laid down the former, would
be glad to take up. Something has already been
done in this way, but a man of true antiquarian
spirit and a mind not above the drudgery of com-
pilation might do much more. For instance,
many readers would like to know somewhat more
than they have hitherto been told as to the per-
sons who, under other names, have received im-
mortality in Sir Walter's pages. One feels a
strong personal interest in the author's old friend,
George Constable, Esq. of Wallace- Craigie, the
original of Jonathan Oldbuck of Monkbarns.
Could not some one furnish us with a few anec-
dotes of his life and manners ? Had he a sister, a
niece, or a nephew ? Did he rail at woman-kind ?
Does there exist a picture of his house, or a like-
ness of himself, and was he, like the shadowy
Monkbarns, a correspondent of the Gentlemaris
Magazine ?

« Tell us ! Tell all ; of his habiliments,
Their make ; his stature and his speech ;
The where he kept his gloves and walking-stick,
And whether the sweet sound of infant voices
Soothed or oppressed him."

It would be well too, in a work such as I describe,
to point out those mistakes which, though by no
means blame-worthy in an accomplished anti-
quary of the period when Scott flourished, modern
research proved to be so. Thus not to wander
from the novel above quoted, in the description
of the discovery of Misticot's tomb (chap, xxiii.),

the date of which seems to have been about a.d.
1200, the efligy is made to bear the Knockwin-
nock arms quarterly with those of Wardour, with
the baton sinister, a mark of illegitimacy, ex-
tended diagonally through both coats of the shield.
It is now well known that the practice of quar-
tering arms is of a date later by many years than
that of the fabled Misticot, and that the use of
the baton sinister as a mark of bastardy did not
come into practice till the decline of heraldry
had begun. K. P. D. E.

THE BELAVALS.

The Delavals, of Seaton Delaval, were one of
the most distinguished families in the north, claim-
ing descent from a companion in arms and cousin
of the Conqueror. Sir Ralph Delaval, who mar-
ried Lady Anne Leslie, daughter of the Earl of
Leven, was created a baronet at the Restoration,
and was succeeded by his sons Sir Ralph and Sir
John, neither of whom left issue male, and the
baronetcy became extinct. The later Delavals
were descended from Sir John Delaval of Dis-
sington, a younger brother of the first baronet's
grandfather ; and I would be glad to know how
they came into possession of the family estates.
Sir Egerton Brydges, in his continuation of Col-
lins's Peerage, says that Francis Blake Delaval
succeeded collaterally as chief heir-male, but this
is surely incorrect. The last baronet by his will,
which was proved in 1729, left all he had to leave
to his friend Elizabeth Poole. Now it must have
been during his lifetime that Admiral George De-
laval, of the Dissington branch, who died in 1723,
commenced the erection of that splendid struc-
ture, designed by Sir John Vanbrugh — the ruined
walls of which, scathed by fire, alone remain to
attest its original grandeur and magnificence —
and directed the completion of it by his nephew
Francis Blake Delaval, whose armorial bearings,
Delaval quartering Blake, are conspicuously dis-
played on the northern front. Moreover, Edward
Delaval of Dissington, elder brother of the ad-
miral, and father of Francis Blake Delaval, who
survived until 1740, when he died at a very ad-
vanced age, would have had a prior claim to
either of them. I presume, therefore, that the
admiral, who, probably during his embassies to
Portugal and Morocco in the reign of Queen
Anne, accumulated a considerable fortune, must
have purchased the estates from the last baronet,
whose residence was at any rate during the latter
part of his life at Seaton Lodge, and bequeathed
them to his nephew, who became, on the death of
his father, but not till then, the representative of
this ancient family. E. H. A.

2'»'i 8. VIII. Nov. 12. '59.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

395

cotton's *' TYPOGBAPHICAIi GAZETTEER.

Perhaps the following Notes may be considerea
of sufficient interest for insertion in " N. & Q."
My copy of the Gazetteer (2nd edit.) was Dr.
Bliss's, and contains a few cuttings from cata-

logues and MS. additions. I shall be glad if room
can be found in some future number for a list of
a few place* where printing has been carried on,
not mentioned in Dr. Cotton's admirable book.

K. F. Sketchley,
Newark.

Abbatis Villa (Abbe-
ville).

Amheralft
heira).

(Am-
Berolinum (Berlin).

Brixia (Breschla).

Camerinum (Came-

rino).
Hailbruna (Hail-

brun).
Iscar Damnoniornm

(Exeter).

Labacum (Laybach).

LandesButa (Land-
Bhut).

Lucerna Ilel vetiorum
(Lucerne).

Mons-Pessiilanus

(Montpclier).
Kipa (Itipen).

Boncilio (Roncigli-
one).

Siracusa (Syracuse).

Todi.

XJlma (XJlm).

Valentinianas (Va-
lenciennes).

Earliest Date in
Cotton.

1486. A French trans-
lation of " City of
God," according to
Panzer.

1612.

U73. A Latin Ter»ion
of Phalaris.
1575.

1633.

1668.

1578.
1514.

1472. "An edition of
the Decamerone is
considered to be the
first book executed
here."

1650.

1508. "AworkbyKa-
natus, Bishop of Wi-
borg, was executed
here by Matheus
Brand. No other
Bipen specimen is
known."

1620.

1820.
1655.

Earlier Date
ascertained.

1473.
1523.

1478.
1645.

1575.
1513.

1472 or 1473?

1816.
1627.

Title, *c. of Books with earlier
Date.

Boutillier, la Somme Rural.

Dibreadii, in Arithmeticam Ra-
tionalium Eucli dis Demonstratio.

in Arithmeticam Irra-

tionaliutn Demonstratio, &c.

A German Service Book^ssued by
Joachim the Second. Elector of
Brandenburg, on embracing the
Lutheran Religion.

Virgilii Opera.

Maximi (Faciflci) Elegise, &c.

An edition of Pomponius Mela.

Good Thoughts in Bad Times, by
T. Fuller, D.D.

Khisl, Vila ct Mors Herbardi
Aurspergy Baronis, &c.

Speculum Vitse Humana;.

Paduani (Petri) Expositio Pro-
blematum Aristotelis. Printed
by J. de Putzbach.

Varandaci, De Affectibus Rcnum,
Monspessvli ?

A work on the Danish laws in
Latin and Danish, by Kanutus,
Bishop of "Wiborg, the printer
bein^ the same Matheus Brand,
la this the same book as the one
Dr. Cotton considered unique ?

Rappresentatione del Re Superbo.

Cirninelli Cardone, R sbandita
sopra la Potenza d'Amore.

Vocabularium Latino Teutonicum,
sine loco etannosed Ulmae typis.
L. Hohenwang, ant^ 1469.

Les Chanchons Georgines faittes
par Georges Chastelain (im-
primci!s Jl vallanchienncs de par
Jehan de Liege demorant devant
le convent de St. Pol).

Authority for earlier Date.

Libri Cataloene, No. 413., "The earliest
work printed at Abbeville."

Idem, No. 827.

Idem, No. 421. The printer, Johan Weis.

" His first publication in Berlin, and the

earliest book known to be printed in that

city."
Idem, No. 2765. " The first book printed

at Brescia."
Idem, No. 1590.

Dibdin, Introduction to Classics, ii. 355.

Lowndes (Bohn's edition), ill. p. 848. " The
first-fruits of the Exeter press, as Fuller
himself informs us."

Thorpe's Catalogue, 1833, Part iv. No. 3352.
(inserted in Cotton by Dr. Bliss).

According to a Catalogue of Kerslake's
(1859, No. 4412.), Panzer in his Supple-
ment records two books printed by Joan
Weyssenburger in 1513.

Edwards, Memoirs of Libraries, ii. p. 500.
" In the Public Library at Geneva is
'Speculum VitaB humanan,' printed in the
Canton of Lucerne in 1472 or 1473."

Willis and Sotherau's Catalogue, June,
1859.

Kerslake's Catalogue, 1859, No. 4900.

Libri Catalogue, No. 1346. " The only edi-
tion known to Brunet was that printed at
Copenhagen in 1508."

Libri Catalogue, No. 2277. See also Nog.
2268. and 2276. for " Bapresentazione,"
printed at the same place m 1613.

Accordinjt to a MS. note in Dr. Cotton's
handwriting.

Libri Catalogue, No. 684. " In this scarce
and curious Poem the letter B is entirely
omitted."

Libri Catalogue, No. 2786. "For an ac-
count of this curious early Dictionary,
see Hassler, 'Historia Ulma; Typogra-
phica,' where he proves that Hohenwang
was the first printer at XJlm, and that this
work was printed by him before 1469."

"[No date, but the date is from 1499 to
1500]." A cutting, inserted by Dr. Bliss,
from " Le Voleur " of Oct. 1836, gives this
information, and adds as follows: "The
first book ever printed at Valenciennes,
and which is at the same time the oldest
specimen of typography known in the
north of France, has just arrived in
France from England. It was at one
time sold in London for 61. 8»., and at the
sale of Bishop Heber's books it fetched
18f."

The Immaculate Edition of Horace (Glasg. 1744,
12mo., Foulis.) — Dibdin has given {Introd. to
Classics, 4th ed. n. 109.) a list of errata furnished
by Mr. Pickering. One of these does not occur
in my copy ; the a in natus, at p. 128. line 29., not
being inverted. But the following may be added: —

Page 35. LIB. I. for LIB. II. ; 59. Od. xv. 1. 13.
Zanae for Zanae ; 55. 0(i ix. 1. 18., aeneo for
aeneo; 48. Od. iv. 1. 15. and 16. printed of equal
instead of unequal length ; 53. Od. x. 1. 15. and
16. ditto. Joseph Rix.

Sir K. Digby's Powder. — Is the following
worth noting ? I was not aware myself before

396

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»a S. VIII. Nov. 12. '59.

that the *' Sympathetic Powder " had ever been
prepared for the public : —

" These are to give notice, that Sir Kenelm Digbie's
Sympathetica! Powder prepar'd b\' Promethean fire, curing
all greea wounds that come within the compass of a re-
medy ; and likewise the Tooth-ache infalliby (^sic) in a
very short time: Is to be had at Mr. Nathaniel Brook's
at the Angel in Cornhill." List of books sold by Nath.
Brook at the Angel in Cornhill, appended to Wit and
Drollery, 1661.

B. H. K.

Curious Marriage. — In the London Magazine
for May, 1735, p. 279., is the following entry of a
marriage : " — — Hargrave, Esq., of New Bond
Street, to Miss Reynolds and 8000Z. fortune." At
that period it was usual to insert the fortunes of
ladies along with their marriage, and also to state
the amount of money left by persons at their
death, but then marriages and deaths of great
and wealthy persons only found insertions in the
periodicals. When did it become general to in-
sert "Births, deaths, and marriages" in the news-
papers ? S. Redmond.

Lady Mayoress of York. — There is an "ancient
right possessed by the wives of the Lord Mayors
of York which is, I think, worth recording in "N.
& Q.," more especially as it is now rarely, if ever,
exercised. By immemorial custom, the Lady
Mayoress can, if she choose, retain the prefix of
Lady before her surname for the remainder of her
life.

The following rhyme is quoted as the authority
for this curious custom : —

" The Mayor is a Lord for a year and a day,
But his wife is a Lady for ever and aye."

The last instance I can call to mind of this right
being exercised, is that of the wife of the Right
Hon. James Woodhouse. This gentleman was
Lord Mayor three or four times, and at last died
during his year of office, about the middle of the
last century ; his wife survived him several years,
and was always known as Lady Woodhouse.

I have heard of several other cases in which
the title was kept up, and doubtless some cor-
respondent could supply many more.

J. A. Pn.

Napoleon's Escape from Elba (2°'^ S. viii. 86.
382.) — P. sends the following cutting : —

" The Political Gamot. — In 1815, the French news-
papers announced the departure of Bonaparte from Elba,
his progress through France, and his entry into Paris, in
the following manner : — ' March 9. The Anthropophagus

has quitted his den March 10. The Corsican Ogre has

landed at Cape Juan. — March 11. The Tiger has arrived
at Gap.— March 12. The^^onster slept at Grenoble. —
March 13. The Tyrant has passed through Lyons. —
March 14. The Usurper is directing his steps towards
Dijon, but the brave and loyal Burgundians have risen
en masxe, and surrounded him on all sides. — March 18. —
Bonaparte is only sixty leagues from the capital ; he has
been fortunate enough to escape the hands of his pur-
suers.— March 19. Bonaparte is advancing with rapid

steps, but he will never enter Paris. — March 20. — Napo-
^on will, to-morrow, be under our ramparts. — March 21.
^he Emperor is at Fontainebleau. — March 22. His Im-
perial and Royal Majesty yesterday evening arrived at
the Tuileries, amidst the jojful acclamations of his de-
voted and faithful subjects.' "

Catalogues. — As cataloguing seems to have be-
come a very fashionable amusement for public
bodies, perhaps the following circumstance may not
be uninteresting or profitless. I lately purchased
a scarce copy of Peter Ramus, and, on examining
it when sent home, it appeared to belong to a
college at Oxford. By way of testing this point,
I sent it as a present to that body, and received
a very pretty letter, stating that it was their pro-
perty, although not to be found in their Catalogue.
On farther inquiry it appeared, that the college
had employed a person to catalogue their library,
who had omitted from it such books as he wished to
purloin, thus rendering detection much more diffi-
cult. Perhaps this caution may not be altogether
useless just now. C. De la Pryme.

Reform Club.

^utxitS,

JONES OP NATIiAND AND THE BEV. GEO. WATSON.

When men of such high reputation as the Rev.
W^illiam Jones of Nayland speak in high terms of
commendation of any publication, we are naturally
anxious to become acquainted with its contents.
In the second lecture of Mr. Jones upon the Fi-
gurative Language of Scripture are the following
remarks upon the outward form of worship, in
which Christians are in the habit of turning to the
East : —

" Here I would observe," he says, "that the figures of the
Scripture necessarily introduce something figurative into
our worship, of which I could give several instances. The
primitive Christians signified their relation to the true
light, and expressed a religious regard to it, by the out-
ward form of worshipping with their faces towards the
east ; because there the light arises out of darkness,
and there the day of true knowledge arose, like the sun,
upon such as lay buried in ignorance. To this day our
churches, especially that part which is appropriated to
the most solemn act of Christian worship, is placed to-
wards the east ; our dead are buried with their faces to
the east ; and when we repeat the articles of our faith,
we have a custom of turning ourselves to the east. The
primitive Christians called their baptism their illumina-
tion; to denote which a light was put into the hands of
the person after baptism, and they were admitted to hear
the lectures of the catechists in the church, under the
name of the illuminated. The festival of Christ's baptism
was celebrated in the month of January with the cere-
mony of a number of lighted torches. When the con-
verts repeated the confession of their faith at baptism,
thej' turned themselves to the east, and to the west when
they renounced the powers of darkness. In the modern
church of Rome this ceremony of worshipping to the east
has been abused, and turned into an act of adoration to
the altar; on account of which some Christians who have
heard of the abuse of this ceremony, without knowing
the use of it, have rejected that as an act of superstition.

2°d a Vin. Nov. 12. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

397

which has an edifying sense, and was practised in the
days of the Apostles, before any superstition bad infected
the church."

To this extract Mr. Jones has subjoined the fol-
lowing note : —

" An excellent sermon, which ought never to be forgot-
ten, and which I carried through the press when I was an
undergraduate at Oxford, was published on 'Christ the
Light of the World ' from a verse of the 19th Psalm, by
my admired, beloved, and lamented friend, the late Rev.
George Watson, once a Fellow of University College, to
whose early instructions and example I have been in-
debted in most of the labours of my life. Many extraor-
dinary men have I seen ; but for taste or classical literature
and all works of genius; for a deep knowledge of the in-
spired writings ; for readiness of speech and sweetness of
elocution ; for devout affection towards God ; for charit-
able goodness of heart, and elegance of manners, I never
met with any one that exceeded him."

After this perhaps too long preface, I would
inquire if any reader of " N. & Q." or any book-
seller could furnish the above sermon of Mr.
Watson at a stated price, to be addressed as below.
It would be conferring a great boon in the declin-
ing years of an octogenarian. J. M. Gutch.

Worcester.

PORTEAIT OP A TRUE GENTLEMAN.

The Rev. J. J. begs to ask a place for the enclosed
" Portrait of a True Gentleman " among the Minor
Notes and Queries of some forthcoming number.
It was made a note of some weeks ago at an old
manor-house in Gloucestershire, where it was found
fairly written and framed, and hung over the mantel-
piece of a tapestried sitting-room. It was stated
by the old lady who drew attention to it, that it
was the penmanship of one in reduced circum-
stances, who had made his temporary abode in
that ancient mansion. But whether it was his
own composition, or the result of an act of me-
mory on his part, she could not certify, albeit
evidently inclined to give her poor, but respected,
friend the benefit of the doubt.

Wishing to obtain a less prejudiced, perhaps a
more enlightened view of this interesting question,
J. J. begs to ask the Editor, or some correspon-
dent of his, to say if the authorship of this ingeni-
ous portrait, — so likely to have been devised as a
prose pendant to the Wykehamist metre of the
" Trusty Servant" — happens to be traceable to
some writer of the seventeenth^or eighteenth cen-
tury : —

"The true gentleman is God's servant, the world's
master, and his own man. Virtue is his business, study
his recreation, contentment his rest, and happiness his
reward. God is his father, the church is his mother, the
saints his brethren, all that need him his friends. Devo-
tion is his chaplain, chastity his chamberlain, sobriety his
butler, temperance his cook, hospitality his housekeeper,
providence his steward, charity his treasurer, piety his
mistress of the house, and discretion his porter, to let in
and out, as most fit. Thus is his whole family made up
of virtue, and he is the true master of the house. He is

necessitated to take the world on his way to Heaven, but
he walks through it as fast as he can, and all his business
by the way is to make himself and others happy. Take
him in two words : a man and a Christian."
Avington Rectory, Hungerford, Berks.

SSiitiax <SLMtxiti,

Arthur Hallams Literary Remains. — Can you
inform me whether there is any hope that the
literary remains of Arthur Ilallam will be pub-
lished, now that death has removed so many to
whom it might have been painful to see them in
the hands of strangers, if any feeling reader of
In Memoriam can be called a stranger to its sub-
ject?

These Remains have been printed more than
once for private circulation, but are of course
quite inaccessible to the public generally ; and it
needs but to read the singularly beautiful and
thoughtful fragments of them given in Dr. Brown's
HorcB SubsecivcB, to gain a much stronger motive
than curiosity for desiring the whole. W. H. R.
Trin. Coll. Camb.

Families of Ross. — Will any of your learned
correspondents kindly inform me whether any of
the families who now bear the name of Ross, trace
their descent from Walter Earl of Ross, north of
Forth, who was Lord Justice General of Scotland
in 1239, or another Lord Ross, who was created
Baron Ross, I believe in 1489. G. L.

William Forth, elected from Westminster to
Trinity College, 1632; M.A. 1638; LL.D. 1646;
has verses in Annalia Dubriensia, 1636. He was
admitted an advocate 29th January, 1647-8; but
we have not met with any subsequent notice of
him. We wish to ascertain the date of his death.
C. H. & Thompson Coopek.

Cambridge.

Slaves in England. — In a MS. Diary kept by
Sir John Philipps, the fifth baronet of Picton
Castle, I find the following curious entry : —

" 1761. Nov. ye 8*. Went to Norbiton with Capt.
Parr and Lieut. Rees, taking with nie a Black Boy from
Senegal, given me by Capt. Parr; also a Paraquet and
foreign Duck."

Farther on is another entry : —

" 1761. Dec. ye 6*. D^ Philipps christened my black
Boy, Caesar ; gave Eliz. Cooper, Tho. Davies, and Thomas
Lewis his Gossips, 7'. Q^."

The Court of Common Pleas, so late as the
5 W. & M. held that a man might have a pro-
perty in a negro boy, and might bring an action
of trover for him, because negroes are heathens. —
(1 Ld. Ray. 147.) But it was decided in 1772,
in the celebrated case of James Somcrsett, that a
heathen negro, when brought to England, owes

398

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2nd S. VIII. Nov. 12. '59.

no service to an American or any other master.
James Somersett had been made a slave in
Africa, and was sold there ; from thence he was
carried to Virginia, where he was bought, and
brought by his master to England ; here he ran
away from his master, who seized him, and car-
ried him on board a ship, where he was confined,
in order to be sent to Jamaica to be sold as a
slave. Whilst he was thus confined. Lord Mans-
field granted a habeas corpus, ordering the cap-
tain of the ship to bring up the body of James
Somersett, with the cause of his detainer. The
above-mentioned circumstances being stated upon
the return to the writ, after much learned discus-
sion in the Court of King's Bench, the Court
were unanimously of opinion that the return was
insufficient, and that Somersett ought to be dis-
charged. {Blachstone" s Commentaries on the Laws
of England, 12th edit. 1793.) The Query which
I am about to propose is this, — If the Court of
Common Pleas held in the reign of William and
Mary that negroes being heathens, could be held
as property, upon what alteration in the law did
the Court of Queen's Bench base their decision in
the case of Somersett ? It seems to have been a
practice at one time to withhold baptism from
negro servants for fear they should thereby gain
their liberty. John Pavin Phillips.

Haverfordwest.

Precedency. — In 1761 was published a pam-
phlet entitled Precedency of the Peers of Ireland
in England fairly stated in a Letter to an English
Lord. The object was to establish the precedence
of the Irish peers (considered formerly as foreign
noblemen) amongst the peers of England, accord-
ing to their rank, over those of inferior quality,
— a question definitively settled by the Act of
Union. The question was much discussed in 1739
and 1761. If any of your readers can refer me
to any articles in the public journals at those
periods, or any review or notice of the pamphlet
referred to, it will oblige. Lord Egmont was the
author of the pamphlet, which extends to 108
pages. J. R.

" The Clergyman's Companion." — Who was the
compiler of The Clergyman's Companion in Visit-
ing the Sich, usually printed in the collected edi-
tions of Paley's Works? The fourth edition,
improved and corrected, was printed for J. & B.
Sprint in Little Britain, in 1723. The Dedica-
tion to Thomas [Tenison], Archbishop of Canter-
bury, is signed "J. W." A new edition of this
book, with Paley's name on the title-page, the
Dedication omitted, was published by Faulder in
1805. This same "J. W." was the author of a
Visitation Sermon on The Necessity of a Divine
Call or Mission in those tvho take upon them to
Preach the Gospel of Christ, printed for W. Tay-
lor at the Ship in Paternoster Row, 1717. B, M.

_ " The Bill of Michael Angelo." — In Luttrell's
lines on a London fog, he apostrophises chemistry,
and says : —

" And see, to aid thee in the blow,
The bill of Michael Angelo."

I am acquainted with Tennyson's

"... har of Michael Angelo ;"''
but what is this bill? CuxHnERT Bjbde.

" The Castle of JEsculapius." — Who is the au-
thor of this heroic comedy, acted in Warwick
Lane, 1768, 8vo. ? Z. A.

Boley Hill, Rochester. — There hiis been a great
deal of discussion on the origin of this name : is it
not probably Beau-lieu? The Knights' Hospi-
tallers held a capital messuage in Hackney called
" Beaulieu," and some land in the marshes called
"Beaulieu-vant" [Qu. Beaulieu avant ?'\ sinco
corrupted to "Bully-vant," and now to "Bully-
point." Had the Hospitallers any possessions In
Rochester ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

The Name of Dickson in Berwickshire. — Can
any of your readers give me any information re-
garding any of the old families in Berwickshire
bearing this name ?

^ Nisbet, in his Heraldry, gives this popular tra-
dition as to the origin of the name : —

" They of the sirname of Dickson as descended from
one Richard Keith, said to be a son of the family of
Keith Marischal, took their name from Richard (in the
south country called Dick) ; and to show themselves de-
scended of Keith Earl Marischal, they carry the chief of
Keith."

He afterwards states that the family of Bught-
rig is the oldest branch of the name.

The latest mention of this family I have been
able to find is in the " Retours." There it is
stated that Master George Dickson, Advocate,
was served heir to Master Robert Dickson of
Brightrige, his brother german, in 1674. I should
like to discover whether he left any descendants ?
Any information also regarding the family of Dick-
son of Belchester (now, I have heard, extinct), or
of any other Berwickshire Dicksons, will much
Oblige D.

Nathanael Fairclough, of Eman. College ; B.A.
1644-5 ; M.A. 1648 ; has an Elegy on the Death
of Sir Nathaniel Barnadiston in Suffolk's Tears,
1653. We shall be glad of any farther informa-
tion respecting him. C. H. & Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

" Portioner." — Can any of your Scottish readers
inform me of the precise meaning of the above
old law term ? In making out a pedigree I have
frequently been puzzled with it. In one case
the person so styled in a deed dated 1556, was
possessed of considerable landed property in the

2a>>avni. Nov.12. '59.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

399

vicinity of the village of which he is styled " por-
tioner." He possessed also " ane toure or forti-
lace " in the same village (an old border bastel-
house, I presume), and occupied, I should fancy,
a similar position in society to that of our smaller
landed gentry of the present day. Will any of
your correspondents be kind enough to say whe-
ther I am right in my conjecture ? D.

Son of Pascal Paoli. — It has been said there
never was any whitewash on any part of West-
minster Abbey. An old inhabitant tells nje there
was formerly one large patch under one of the
porches, which was said to hide the marks of a
frightful suicide. The unhappy man is stated to
have been the son of the celebrated Pascal Paoli ;
and to have blown out his brains here, but for
what cause my informant did not know. Can any
of your readers supply me with the particulars of
this tragic history ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Assumption of Arms by those who fought at
Agincourt. — Some time ago a correspondent,
whose Query I am now unable to find, asked on
what authority Shakspeare put the following
words into the mouth of Henry V. in his cele-
brated speech before the battle of Agincourt : —
" We few, we happy few, we band of brothers ;
For he, to-day that sheds his blood with me,
Shall be my brother ; be he ne'er so vile,
This day shall gentle his condition."

Hen. v.. Act IV. So. 3.
I met the other day, in the course of my read-
ing, Avith an extract from the Ordinance of Henry
v., in which occur these words : —

"Quod nullus cujuscunque status, gradtis seu condi-
tionis fuerit, hujusmodi arma sive tunicas armorum in se
sumat, nisi ipse jure antecessorio vel ex donatione ali-
cnjus ad hos sufficientem potestatem habentis, ea possi-
deat aut possidere debeat, et quod ipse arma sive tunicas
illas ex cujus dono obtinet, demonstrationis suae personis
ad hoc per nos assignatis manifeste demonstret, exceptis
illis qui nobiscum apud bellum de Agincourt arma porta-
hant," &c.

I would here take the opportunity of repeating
the latter part of your correspondent's Query, as
to whether any families can be mentioned whose
founder acquired his right to coat armour from
having fought at Agincourt, and if any such are
recorded, what are their arms ? J. A. Pn.

William Monney. — Wanted, information re-
specting this gentleman. He is author of Con-
siderations on Prisons, 1812, and Caractacus, a
tragedy, 1816. Z. A.

Simon Sabba. — May I ask who was the trans-
lator of the following ? " J)o7^ Carlos, a Tragedy :
translated and altered from the German of Schil-
ler, and adopted for the English stage, by Simon
Sabba." No imprint, but apparently from the
Paris press. As you have ruled that " Anons "

and " Pseuds " may rest undisturbed, or wear
their masks for thirty years, it is necessary to say
that the dedication to this is dated " Versailles,
1820."

This translator of Don Carlos looms largely as
a dramatist, when he says that, under the influ-
ence of an ardent imagination and great facility
of composition, " I have written many theatrical
pieces, but as yet have not considered one of them
sufficiently perfect for publication, but am now
completing a series, which, if I have a prospect of
success, I shall shortly lay before my fellow coun-
trymen." J. O.

Macaulay^s " Prodigal Nabob." — To whom does
Lord Macaulay refer, in his essay on Addison, in
the sentence that " he [Addison] regales us after
the fashion of that prodigal nabob who held that
there was only one good glass in a bottle."

Glasguensis.

Heraldic Query : Dichson^s Arms. — Can any
reader of" N. & Q.," learned in the old heraldry
of the North of England and Scotland, inform me
to what family the following arms (or crest?) be-
longed ? They exist on a small and defaced im-
pression of a seal, formerly affixed to a will (name
of testator unknown), executed in Lancashire or
Cheshire about 1660.

" On a wreath, a crescent, issuing from the horns of
which a griffin's head erased, all between two mullets
(or stars ? ").

The mullets suggest the DIcksons of the South
of Scotland. The arms of Dickson of Lim.erick,
as given by Burke, somewhat resemble the above.

Another seal, probably of the same family as
the preceding (date about 1760), bears "a griffin
segreant in a lozenge." J.

The King's Head near St. PauVs, and a Stew
in St. Martins, Queenhithe. — 22nd May, 2 & 3
Philip and Mary. The King and Queen granted
to Humfrey Browne, Knight"", licence to alienate
all that great or capital messuage situate in the
parish of St. Gregory, in the Ward of Castle Bay-
nard, London, called the Kingeshedde, and lately
called the Sarsyn's hedde, to Hugh Pope. — Rot.
Par. de A°. pt. 6.

19 June, 2 & 3 Philip and Mary. The King
and Queen granted to Richard Hilton and another
licence to alienate a tenement called a Stewe, with
the appurtenances, situate in the parish of St.
Martin at Queenhithe, London, to Alured Michell.
—Rot. Par. de A°. pt. 6.

I wish to inquire where the capital messuage
called the King s Head, and previously called the
Saracen's Head, was situate in the parish of St.
Gregory by St. Paul's. And also if anything is

* Humphrey Browne, Knight, was one of the Justices
of the Qonimon Pleas from 35 Henry YIII. to 1561.

400

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''a S. VIII. Nov. 12. '59.

known of stews on the London side of the River
Thames, as the only stews I have heretofore heard
of in old London were those which were situate on
the Bankside, in the Bishop of Winchester's liberty
or manor of Southwark, commonly called " The
Clink." Geo. R. Corner.

Figures cut on Hill Sides. — ■ What other gi-
gantic or conspicuous figures cut on hill sides have
we in England besides the celebrated Berkshire
White Horse of " scouring " memory ; a large
figure, some 200 feet long, and intended to repre-
sent a pilgrim with staff, on the hill side near
Wilmington, Sussex ; a cross near Lewes, and the
Whiteleaf Cross in Buckinghamshire ? Two large
figures cut in the turf near Plymouth once com-
memorated the battle between Gogmagog and
Corineus, the Cornish giant, I believe. Are they
still visible ? And I seem to recollect that a
figure of some kind (? a horse) used to be visible
from the old coach road to Southampton, the lo-
cality somewhere near Winchester, but I know
of no others. R. W. Hackwood.

Knox Family. — Where can I find the pedigree
of the Right Hon. William Knox, Under Secretary
of State under Lord North's administration ?

Falcon.

'^''Infanta de Zamorre." — Who was the author
of a German opera, entitled Infanta de Zamorre ?

J. C. J.

Robert Raikes of Gloucester. — Can any of your
readers oblige me by the information where I may
gain most particulars of the life and labours of
Robert Raikes of Gloucester, founder of our
Sunday-school system ? I am aware of what is
said in the Gentleman's and European Magazines,
and in Nichols's Illustrations. C. F. S.

What sort of Animal was the Bugle f — In the
Isle of Wight the Bugle is a frequent sign, and is
painted as a short, stout-made bull without horns.
Tradition says this animal was once wild in the
forests of the island, but is now extinct. Can
this be the " bos in figura cervi" of Caesar {de
Bella Gallico) ? and is not the name a corruption
of the French hi/le, or houjffle, a cross between the
ordinary bull and the buffalo ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Bishops Gunning and Gauden. — Can any one
inform me where these two publications may be
found ? I have been unable to meet with them in
the British Museum, the Bodleian, and some other
libraries : —

" 1. Gunning. A View and Correction of the Common
Prayer. 1662."

^2. Ganden. The Whole Duty of a Communicant:
being Rules and Directions for a worthy receiving the
most Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Lond. 1681.

T. W. P.

120,"

Clarendon Hou^e, Piccadilly. — In the first edi-
tion of Cunningham's Handbook of London is the
following passage : —

" The memory of Clarendon House still survives in the
Clarendon Hotel, and Mr. D'lsraeli (Curiosities of Litera-
ture, p. 443.) assures us that the two Corinthian pilasters,
one on each side of the Three King's Inn gateway in
Piccadilly, belonged to Clarendon House, and are perhaps
the oul}'- remains of that edifice."

Mr. Cunningham has mentioned this again in p.
658. In the present year, 1859, these pilasters
have disappeared. Have they been destroyed ?

During the repairs (I think in 1858) of St.
James's church another column was thrown down,
and it may probably be said with less reason, for
certainly it was with none at all. At the north-
west angle of that tower (on the exterior) stood,
independent of the church wall, a singular, and, to
my mind, a very elegant monument. It was a small
column, erected on a square pedestal, with a base
and capital complete, and on the summit a shield
of arms. I have not been able to ascertain to
whose memory it was erected : but it was worth
preservation for its own sake, and its destruc-
tion was perfectly unnecessary and inexcusable.
Shortly after the repairs I saw it lying prostrate
in the l^urial-ground. It would stilt be desirable
to re-erect it; and, as an additional reason for so
doing, may I inquire if any reader of " N. & Q."
remembers for whose memory it was designed ?

J. G. N.

Minor ^uttitS tuftfi ^nibierg,

Buny ail's Burial-place and Tombstone. — Can
any of your correspondents give me any informa-
tion regarding the present condition and pre-
servation of Bunyan's burial-place and tomb-
stone?

I believe that they are much neglected, and the
ground " closed " and is now built upon. Will
some correspondent inform me how far I am
right in my conjecture, or how otherwise ?

T. S. L.

[Bunyan's remains were interred in Bunhill Fields, in
the vault of his friend Mr. Strudwick, at whose house he
died. Over the vault is a substantial table tomb, which
ought to be kept in the highest state of repair. A visitor
will readily find it in that city of the dead by the fol-
lowing numbers, 25 E., 26 W., 26 N., 27 S. The ground
is closed, but is not, and I trust never will be, built upon,
which would be a disgrace to the nation. An accurate
view of the burial-ground and tomb is in my edition of
Bunyan's Whole Works. Several unsuccessful attempts
have been made to raise a fitting monument to Bunyan's
memory. A very beautiful design has been recently is-
sued by Mr. Papworth, the sculptor, in the hope of its being
placed in Trafalgar Square, by a general subscription
throughout the country limited to Is. from each sub-
scriber. His works, however, will ever be his imperish-
able monument. — George Offor.]

Sir Horace Poole. — In the Clerical Guide, or ^
Ecclesiastical Directory^ 1817, the Rev. Sir Horace

2°i S. VIII. Nor. 12. '59.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

401

Poole, Barfc., is there returned as prebendary of
Ipthorne, rector of Chailey, and rector of Wal-
dron, in the diocese of Chichester. Can any
reader of " N. & Q." give the genealogy of Sir
Horace, the date of his death, place of burial ?
&c. A. M.

[The Rev. Sir Horace is a misprint for the Rev. Sir
Henry Poole, Bart, who died May 25, 1821, at the Hooks,
near Lewes, Sussex, in his seventy-seventh year, when
the baronetcy expired. Sir Henry was born Feb. 29,
1744-5, and succeeded to the title and estate June 8,
1804. His family, which is very ancient, and the stem
of many eminent branches, took its surname from the
lordship of Poole in Wirrall hundred in Cheshire, and
was honoured with a baronetage 25th Oct. 1677. For
the pedigree see Ormerod's Cheshire, ii. 235.]

Had Bishop Williams a Play performed in his
House on a Sunday ? — Mb. J. Payne Collier, in
his History of British Dramatic Poetry, ii. 30.,
publishes from a MS. in the Library at Lambeth
Palace the statement that the Midsummer's
Nighfs Dream was privately performed on Sun-
day, the 27th of September, 1631, in Bishop
Williams's house in London. The circumstance is
mentioned by Dr. Peter Heylin in his Observa-
tions on the Church History of Britain, p. 243.,
where it is said that the Bishop

" caused a comedy to be acted before him at his house
at Bugden, not only on a Sunday in the afternoon, but
upon such a Sunday also on which he had publicly given
sacred orders both to priests and deacons. And to this
comedy he invited the Earl of Manchester, and divers of
the neighbouring gentry."

I borrow this quotation from Ambrose Philips,
who in his Life of the Bishop (Camb. 1700) has
nothing more to say in reply than to

" wonder how the circumstance, if true, came to be
omitted by the author of his [formerly published] Life,
who doubtless knew the Bishop's private actions the best
of any man, and who affirms that Lincoln did no more
in recreating himself with such diversions than he had
seen that grave prelate Archbishop Bancroft do at Lam-
beth."—P. 253.

This is not even a faint denial; yet I should
like to have farther evidence on the subject, and
to see the passage in the previous Life, referred
to by Philips. Scotus.

[The passage is too long for quotation, and is merely
an apology for Bishop Williams's conduct : it occurs in
Hacket's Life of Archbishop Williams, part ii. p. 37. It
must be borne in mind that some of the Caroline divines,
as stated by Fuller, " make the Sabbath to begin on
Saturday night (' The evening and the morning were the
first day,') and others on the next day in the morning ;
both agreeing on the extent thereof for four-and-twenty
hours." (^Church History, book xi. cent. xvii. sect. 33.)
Hence the recreations allowed by the Book of Sports were
not to commence until after what was then called Evening
Prayer. George Herbert, that beautiful model of a parish
priest, informs lis how he spent the evening of the Lord's
Day ; ' Having read Divine Service twice full3'-, and
preached in the morning, and catechized in the afternoon,
he thinks he hath in some measure, according to poor and
frail man, discharged the public duties of the congrega-

tion. The rest of the day he spends either in reconciling
neighbours that are at variance, or in visiting the sick,
or in exhortations to some of his flock by themselves,
whom his sermons cannot, or do not reach. At night he
thinks it a very fit time, both suitable to the joy of the
day, and without hindrance to public duties, either to
entertain some of his neighbours, or to be entertained of
them, where he takes occasion to discourse of such things
as are both profitable and pleasant, and to raise up their
minds to apprehend God's good blessing to our church
and state ; that order is kept in the one, and peace in the ■
other, without disturbance, or interruption of public di-
vine ofiices." — A Priest to the Temple, chap, viii.]

Pliny's Chapter on Gems and Precious Stones.
— Can you kindly refer me to any work which
gives the modern names and characters of the pre-
cious stones or jewels enumerated in the works
of Pliny or Isiodorus ?

Glanville, in his curious work De Proprietatibus
Rerum, makes frequent reference to Lapidario.
Who or what is this authority ? A man, or a
book ? A. B. R.

[We know of no work so likely to answer our cor-
respondent's purpose as Keferstein's Polyglot Mineralogy
(^Mineralogia Polyglotta, 8vo. Halle, 1849. ) This work gives
not only the classical names of precious stones, but the
corresponding terms in a great variety of languages.
Thus imder Diamant (p. 7.) we have about fifty render-
ings in different tongues. — " In Lapidario " is a con-
ventional mode of citing a work on gems supposed to have
been written by Evax, King of Arabia, and addressed by
him to Tiberius : " Evax rex Arabum . . . Caio Tiberio
privigno Augusti Lapidarium adscripsit." (Marbodffii
De Gemmarum Formis, Colon. 1539. See a note by Pic-
torius Villingius, pp. 9, 10.) It appears, however, to be
generally admitted by scholars, that the work which we
have just cited, though professedly based upon an earlier
treatise by Evax, is the original production of Marbo-
daeus himself. But on the other hand it is stated, that a
manuscript work bearing the name of Evax, and entitled
De Nominibus et Virtut'ibus Lapidum, does actually exist
in the Bodleian library. (^Nouv. Biog. Gen. art. " Evax.")
We believe that all the passages cited as from Evax will
be found in Marbodasus, whose work is in Latin hexa-
meters. Cf. Warton's History of English Poetry, ii. 157.
310., edit. 1840.]

Public Sale of Library in 1810. — Can I be in-
formed who was the " Distinguished Collector "
referred to in the following? —

" A Catalogue of Books in the various branches _ of
Literature which lately formed the Library of a Distin-
guished Collectpr, and were sold by Auction by Mr. Jef-
fery of Pall Mall ; with their prices and purchasers' names,
London, 1810," large 8vo. pp. 384.

First day's sale, Aprif 26, 1810, to thirty-second
day's sale, June 1. The Nos. of catalogue run
from 1 to 4809, and the subjects in "contents" are
arranged under forty-eight different heads. By a
MS. note, the books appear to have been contained
in " 90 cases, each 3 cwt." In the descriptions
occur the names of such famous bookbinders as
Roger Payne, Johnson, Montague, Walther, Weir,
Baumgarten, Padaloope, De Rome ; and among
the purchasers quite a galaxy of noblemen, gen-
tlemen, scholars, divines, philosophers, and biblio-

402

NOTES AND QUERIES.

tSnd S. VIII. Nov. 12. '5&'

graphers of that period. The catalogue had been
printed after the sale, and likely intended as a re-
cord of this splendid and valuable collection.

G.N.

[This is the Sale Catalogue of the library of the Rev.
Dr. Benjamin Heath, son of Benjamin Heath, Esq., Town
Clerk of Exeter, and Commentator on the Greek Trage-
dians, and on Shakspeare, who was the principal collector
of the Heath library. He died Sept. 13, 1766. Benja-
min Heath, Jun., his eldest son, was born Sept. 29, 1739,
O. S., educated at Eton, admitted into King's College,
Cambridge, in 1758; became A.B. 1763; A.M. 1766;
D.D. 1783. After residing at King's College, three years,
on his taking a fellowship, he was appointed an assistant
master at Eton. In 1771 he succeeded Dr. Sumner as
Head Master of Harrow School. In 1781 he was pre-
sented by King's College to the rectory of Walkerne in
Hertfordshire. In 1784 he was elected Fellow of Eton
College ; on which event, in Easter, 1785, he vacated
Harrow, having been Head Master fourteen years. He
then retired to Walkerne, where he built a library', like
Sir Thomas Bodley, in the shape of a T ; the length of
it was 71 feet, the transverse part 50 feet, the width 15,
and the height about 12^, forming a very handsome gal-
lery, as full of books as it could hold. About the j'ear
1807, he was presented to the valuable rectory of Farn-
ham Royal, Bucks. As old age and infirmities came on,
he became comparative!}- indifferent to his library, in
which formerly his pleasure consisted, and he thought it
best to anticipate all trouble upon his decease, respecting
the disposition of his books, by sending the greater part
of them up to town for sale ; and the produce of 9000Z.
for the sale of 4809 articles, is alone a demonstration of
the richerchS character of the collection. " Never," says Dr.
Dibdin, " did the bibliomaniac's eye alight upon ' sweeter
copies,' as the phrase is ; and never did the bibliomania-
cal barometer rise higher than at this sale ! The most
marked phrenzj' characterised it. A copy of the editio
princeps of Homer (by no means a first-rate one) brought
92Z. ; and all the Aldine Classics produced such an elec-
tricity of sensation, that buyers stuck at nothing to em-
brace them ! " Dr. Benjamin Heath died at his rectory
at Walkerne, May 31, 1837, and was buried in the family
vault at St. Leonard's, Exeter.. An excellent portrait of
him will be found in Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron,
iii. 368., whence these particulars are mostly selected.
The first edition of Heath's Catalogue (without the prices)
contains a curious advertisement by Edward JefFery, re-
specting " a most delicate application by a Reverend
Gentleman," made through a bookseller, to obtain from
it previous to the sale, Clarke's Homer, 4to., the finest
possible copy on large paper ; Barnes's Euripides, a
charming copy, on large paper; and Mattaire's Corpus
Poetarum, a fine tall copy, on large paper. " The request
was complied with, no money passed, but 60Z., or guineas,
was most liberally allowed by the purchaser in modern
books"!]

Richard Bernard was tector of Batcombe in
Somersetshire, and author of Thesaurus Biblicus,
sive Promptuarium Sacrum. He died 1641. Is
anything farther known of him, his parentage,
education, &c. ? C. J. Robikson.

[Richard Bernard was born in 1566 or 1567, and was
probably a native of Lincolnshire, as his first patrons
were two ladies of the family of Wray of that county, both
afterwards peeresses, namely, the Countess of Warwick,
and Lady Darcy. They sent him to Cambridge, where
he was of Christ College. In 1598, when he published
bis Terence in English, he was living at Epworth in the

isle of Axholm. On June 19, 1601, he was instituted to
the vicarage of Worksop in Nottinghamshire, which he
held twelve years. In 1612 or 1613 he was presented to
the rectory of Batcombe, ■where he died in 1641, aged
seventy-four. Although a Puritan he adhered to the
unity of the church, as appears by his Dissuasion from the
Way of Separation, 1605. He was the author of several
works, but the one most frequently reprinted is The Isle
of Man, or, the Legal Proceedings in 3Ian-shire against
Sin, first published in 1627. " Ihis work," says the Kev.
A. Toplady, "in all probability suggested to John Bun-
yan the first idea of his Pilgrim's Progress and of his
Holy War." Mr. Offbr, however, in his Introduction to
the Pilgrim's Progress, will not allow that Bunyan made
any use of this work. Vide Brooke's Lives of the Puri-
tans, i. 462, ed. 1813. Bernard's portrait by Hollar is
prefixed to his Thesaurus JSiblicus.l

LAST WOLF IN SCOTLAND.

(2°" S. viii. 169. 296.)

If Mr. Lloyd has as yet failed to obtain an
answer to his Query, as to what became of the
animal sold at Mr. Dunovan's sale in 1818, as
" the last wolf killed in Scotland, by Sir C. [E.]
Cameron," he has at least elicited the information
communicated by Mr. Maclean respecting an-
other claimant for the honour of having finally
rid this island of that ferocious animal. Almost
all our writers on the natural history of the wolf,
following Pennant, state that the species became
extinct in Scotland in 1680 ; the last having fallen
in that year in the wilds of Lochaber by the hand
of Sir Ewen (Evan) Cameron of Lochiel. Those
who saw the portrait of that renowned chieftain
and devoted partisan of the House of Stuart in
the collection lately brought together at Aber-
deen, on the occasion of the meeting of the British
Association in that city, will readily believe that
he would shrink from no encounter, be it with
man or with beast. The evidence, however, is
pretty strong in favour of the opinion that the
real ultimus luporum Scoticorum was that killed
by Mac Queen of " Pall-a'Chrocain," as narrated
in the extract from The Lays of the Deer Forest.
The late Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, in his Account
of the Moray Floods of August, 1829, — a work
now become rather scarce — tells the same story;
and as it may be interesting to some of the readers
of " N. & Q." to have his version of it, I shall sub-
join it. The scene of the exploit, it may be re-
marked, is in the parish of Moy and county of
Inverness ; and, though within the bounds of the
ancient province of Moray, far beyond the present
limits of the Forest of Tarnaway. The spelling
of the proper names differs somewhat in the two
extracts, but this is by no means difficult to ac-
count for. Sir Thomas writes : —

" Immediately within the pass (of Eanack), and on
the right bank (of the Findhorn) stand the ruins of the
interesting little mansion-house of PoUochock. Mac-

2''«i s. VIII. ^fov. 12. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

403

queen, the laird of this little propertyj is said to have been
nearer seven than six feet high, proportionably built, and
active as a roebuck. Though he was alive -within half a
century, it is said that in his youth he killed the last
wolf that infested this district. " The prevailing story is
this : —

" ' A poor woman, crossing the mountains with two
children, was assailed by the wolf, and her infants de-
voured, and she escaped with difficulty to Moyhall. The
chief of Mackintosh no sooner heard of the tragical fate
of the babes, than, moved by pity and rage, he dispatched
orders to all his clan and vassals, to assemble the next
day at twelve o'clock to proceed in a body to destroy the
wolf. Pollochock was one of those vassals, and being
then in the vigour of youth, and possessed of gigantic
strength and determined courage, his appearance was
eagerly looked for to take a lead in the enterprise. But
the hour came, and all were assembled except him to
whom they most trusted. Unwilling to go without him,
the impatient chief fretted and fumed through the hall ;
till at length, about an hour after the appointed time, in
stalked Pollochock, dressed in his full Highland attire :
" I am little used to wait thus for any man," exclaimed
the chafed chieftain, " and still less for thee, Pollochock,
especially when such game is afoot as we are boune
(i. e. going) after ! " " What sort o' game are ye after,
Mackintosh .' " said Pollochock simply, and not quite
.understanding his allusion. " The wolf. Sir," replied
Mackintosh ; " did not my messenger instruct you ? "
"Ou aye, that's true," answered Pollochock, with a good-
humoured smile; "troth I had forgotten. But an that
be a'," continued he, groping among the ample folds of
his plaid, " there's the wolf's head ! " Exclamations of
astonishment and admiration burst from chief and clans-
men, as he held out the grim and bloody head of the
monster at arms-length, for the gratification of those who
crowded around him. "As I came through the slochk
(i. e. the ravine) by east the hill there," said he, as if
talking of some every-day occurrence, "I forgathered
wi' the beast. My long dog there turned him. I buckled
wi' him, and dirkit him, and syne whuttled his craig
(i. e. cut his throat), and brought awa' his countenance,
for fear he might come alive again; for they are very
precarious creatures." " My noble Pollochock ! " cried
the chief in ecstacy ; " the deed was worthy of thee ! In
memorial of thy hardihood, I here bestow upon thee
Seannachan, to yield meal for thy good greyhound in all
time coming." ' "

Sir Thomas also gives the traditionary account
of the destruction of the last wolf in Braemoray,
another district on the same river much lower
down, and about fourteen miles from its mouth ;
but for this event he does not venture to assign
any date, though, considering the facilities which
the valley of the Findhorn, the most grandly pic-
turesque of the Scottish streams, still offers there
as-<i lurking place for our ferce natura;, it is not
probably more remote than the seventeenth cen-
tury. J. M, C.

Elgin.

THE EARLY EDITIONS OF FOXe's BOOK OF MAETYRS.

(2"<» S.viii. 221.271.334.)

The first edition of Foxe's Actes and Monuments

is a very rare book in a perfect state The late

Mr. Pickering's stock (sold after his decease)

boasted four copies, all more or less imperfect at

the beginning and end. One of these copies con-
tained the highly interesting representation of
" Pope Alexander treading on the Neck of Fred-
eric the Emperor," at p. 41. Some of the best
copies known of Foxe do not contain this wood-
cut, for being printed on a separate slip it has
got loose, and been destroyed. See Catalogue of
the Second Portion of the Extensive Collection of
Valuable Boohs formed by the late Mr. William
Pickering, p. 108.

The Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, who notices the
copy of the first edition of Foxe in the Public
Library, Cambridge, in his Book Rarities, p. 72.,
says : —

" This edition may be said to contain the only legiti-
mate text of the author, many original papers, and im-
portant particulars being omitted or suppressed in the
latter ones. Consult Scrivener, Apologia pro Ecclesia An-
glicana, sive Actio in Scismaticos adversus Dalceum, p. 107,
108. Even in the last edition of 1684 (which promises to
contain all the first edition, which the others want), some
material alteration will be found at p. 1529., concerning
John Careless and the prayer-book, and again at p. 1072. ;
concerning John Hallyer, who suffered in Cambridge, as
it is said behind Jesus College, dj'ing with it in his bo-
som, p. 1518. ; also concerning Cranmer's heart (at p.
444.), which shows pretty clearly that Foxe did not be-
lieve the storj'."

Dr. Dibdin, speaking of the editio princeps, in
his Bibliomania (edit. 1842, p. 239.) says : —

" The curious reader who wishes to become master of
all the valuable, though somewhat loose information con-
tained in this renowned work — upon which Dr. Words-
worth has pronounced rather a warm eulogium (^Eccle-
siastical Biography, vol. i. p. xix.) — should secure the
first edition, as well as the latter one of 1641, or 1684;
inasmuch as this first impression, of the date of 1663, is
said by Hearne to be ' omnium optima : * see his Adami
de Domerham, Hist, de Reb. gest. Glaston., vol, i. p. xxii.
I also learn from an original letter of Anstis, in the pos-
session of Mr. John Nichols, that ' the late editions are
not quite so full in some particulars, and that many
things are left out about the Protector Seymour."

The late Mr. Thomas Rodd had, in his Cata-
logue for 1839, a fine large paper copy of the first
edition, but unfortunately imperfect at the begin-
ning and end,- for which he asked 51. He had
another copy in his Catalogue for 1840, " the last
leaf supplied by fac-simile," the price of which is
not named.

In glancing over a few sale catalogues just at
hand, I find that Heber possessed a beautiful copy
of the 1570 edition, in the original binding; also
the edition of 1576. Brand, the edition of 1583.
The Duke of Sussex, the editions of 1596 and
1684. J. Holmes, the edition of 1596. Pickering,
besides the copies of the first edition already
spoken of, the edition of 1610 (two copies) ; that
of 1632 (two copies) ; and imperfect copies of the
editions of 1570 and 1590. Perry, the edition of
1641. Dr. Bliss, an odd volume of the 1641 edi-
tion. The Stowe Collection, the edition of 1684.
Southey, the edition of 1684.

404

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«"i S. VIII. Nov, 12. '69.

Thorpe, in his Catalogue for 1832, the 1610
edition, marked 21. 12*. 6rf. Harding and Lepard,
in their Catalogue for 1829, a fine copy of the
1632 edition, marked 51. 5s. Leslie, in his Cata-
logue for 1833, the edition of 1641, marked
41. 14s. 6d.; and J. Bohn, in his Catalogue for
1843, a copy of the same edition, marked 51. i5s. 6d.

I find, from some rough notes, made some years
since when going through the various cathedral
libraries, that I have several memoranda of the
various editions of Foxe's Actes and Monuments
preserved in these repositories, which may be of
some use to your valued correspondent Me. J. G.
Nichols. It does not pretend to be a complete
list of all the copies preserved in our cathedral
libraries, but only what I made notes of at the
time.

Edition of 1610. Hereford Cathedral.

Edition of 1632. Canterbury and Gloucester
Cathedrals.

Edition of 1641. Lichfield Cathedral.

Edition of 1684. Ely, Norwich, Exeter, and
Rochester Cathedrals.

Perhaps some farther information as to the
copies of Foxe contained in our cathedrals may
be obtained from Mr. Beriah Botfield's Notes oh
Cathedral Libraries, privately printed in 1849.

I should add that a fine copy of the 1570 edi-
tion is preserved in the library of Trinity College,
Cambridge. Edward F. Rimbault.

I have a good copy of the first vol., " Newly
recognised and inlarged by the Author, J. Foxe.
1576.';

This appears to be of the same edition as the
Tabley House copy, called by Mr. Fodder the
third. My copy, however, is complete, as far as
the first volume is concerned, whereas that at
Tabley House wants the title-page and part of
the index. C. Le Poer Kennedy,

St. Albans.

ITALIAN MUSIC IN ENGIiAUD.

(2"« S. viii. 290.)

The document given by Abracadabra is
nearly connected with the history of the intro-
duction of the Italian opera into England. The
performance of Italian operas on the English
stage was projected in 1667 by Thomas Killigrew,
and the persons to whom the official document
relates were amongst the intended performers.
Pepys, in his Diary, gives the following particu-
lars of Killigrew's project and of these musi-
cians : —

" 12th Februarj', 1666-7. With my Lord Brouncker
by coach to his house, there to hear some Italian musique :
and here we met Tom Killigrew, Sir Robert Murray, and
the Italian Signor Baptista [Draghi], who hath proposed
a play in Italian for the opera, which T. Killigrew do in-

tend to have np ; and here he did sing one of the acts.
He himself is the poet as well as the musi cian, which is
very much, and did sing the whole from the words with-
out any musique prickt, and played all along upon a
harpsicon most admirably, and the composition most
excellent."

Pepys goes on to relate a conversation between
himself and Killigrew, in the course of which the
latter said : —

" That he hath ever endeavoured in the late King's
time, and in this, to introduce good musique, but he
never could do it, there never having been any musique

here better than ballads That he hath gathered

our Italians from several Courts in Christendome, to come
to make a concert for the King, which he do give 200/.
a year a-piece to : but badly paid. . . . He do intend to
have some times of the year these operas to be performed
at the two present theatres, since he is defeated in what
he intended in Moorefields on purpose for it ; and he tells
me plainly that the City audience was as good as the
Court, but now they are most gone. Baptista tells me
that Giacomo Charissimi is still alive at Rome, who was
master to Vinnecotio [Vincentio], who is one of the
Italians the King hath here, and the chief composer of
them."

« 14th February, 1666-7. To my Lord Brouncker's,
and there was Sir Robert Murray, a most excellent man,
of reason and learning, and understands the doctrine of
musique, and every thing else I could discourse of, very
finel}'. Here come' M' Hooke, Sir George Ent, Df Wren,
and "many others ; and by and b}-, the musique, that is to
say, Signior Vincentio, who is the master-composer, and
six more, whereof two eunuches, so tall, that Sir T. Harvy
said well that he believes thej' do grow large as our oxen
do, and one woman very well dressed and handsome
enough, but would not be kissed, as Killigrew, who
brought the company in, did acquaint us. They sent two
harpsicons before; and by and by, after tuning them,
the}'^ began ; and I confess, very good musique they made ;
that is, the composition exceeding good, but yet not at all
more pleasing to me than what I have heard in English
by M" Knipp, Captain Cooke, and others. Their just-
ness in keeping time by practice much before any that
we have, unless it be a good band of practised fiddlers."

Evelyn, in his Diary, under date 24th January,
1666-7, acquaints us that he " heard rare Italian
voices, two eunuchs and one woman, in his Ma-
jesty's green chamber, next his cabinet."

One at least of these performers, Signor Bar-
tholomeo, who was a harpsichord player, appears
to have continued in England for several years.
Evelyn mentions having heard him play in No-
vember, 1679 ; and, on 7th February, 16«2, re-
cords that his daugl^ter Mary became the Italian's
pupil.

Notwithstanding Killigrew's efforts, no Italian
opera would seem to have been publicly per-
formed in this country until 1674, on 5th January,
in which year Evelyn writes that he " saw an Italian
opera in music, the first that had been in England
of this kind."

With reference to Abracadabra's other in-
quiry, I beg to inform him that an Italian opera
company formerly consisted of one or two female
soprani, called respectively "prima e seconda
donna," or " first and second woman," or, where

2'"i S. VIII. Nov. 12. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

405

there was only one, as in the case he gives, simply
"la donna," or "the woman;" one or two male
soprani (or eunuchs), known as " primo e secondo
uomo," or " first and second man ; " a contraltg,
sometimes a female, at others an eunuch, the
virile alto voice having been rarely, if ever, em-
ployed for the opera ; a tenor, and a bass. The
eunuchs were, for a lengthened space of time, the
most important personages connected with the
Italian opera, all the principal male characters
being assigned to them. The names of some of
the chief of these gentlemen are, doubtless, fami-
liar to most readers, musical or otherwise — those
of Nicolini and Valentini, celebrated in The Spec-
tator, and the subjects of the epigrams of the wits
of the day ; of Fariiielli, whose singing is said to
have cured the melancholy of Philip V. of Spain ;
of Senesino, known by his contest with Handel ;
and of Velluti, whose appearance in London is
within the recollection of many ; hardly need re-
calling to memory. The second eunuch, men-
tioned by Pepys and Evelyn, was in all probability
the contralto of the official document. A poet,
whose business was to furnish the composers with
dramas, was always, and in Italy I believe still is,
attached to an operatic company. W. H. Husk.

(2°* S. viii. 206. 255.)

" Wainsford " is no more " waggon-ford," than
EfFord is " horse-ford." The first syllable in
Wainsford more probably refers to the name of
the owner, or may be from Dan. vand, " water."
There is TFansford, a parish in liberty of Peter-
bro', CO. Northampton ; and Wansford in parish
of Nafferton, co. York ; and WainAeet on a creek,
CO. Lincoln, said to be the ancient Vainona,
and to derive its name from Brit, iiain on, I. e.
ilain avon, " the marshy river." Ealand, igland,
is water-land, i. e. " land surrounded by water,"
and the first syllable ea, ig, like the Scand. aa, is
probably corrupted from Goth, ahwa, from L.
aqua, a word having its root in the Sanskrit.
Efford might be derived from ea-ford, were it not
that it was anciently written Einforde and Eni-
forde, which are probably from Brit, hen-fordd,
" the old ford."

Axford is not " Oaks-ford," but the "ford of the
river Ax," literally the " ford of the water ; " like
Oxford, Ashford, and Uxbridge, which are not
the " ford of oxen," the " ash-ford," the " bridge
of oxen," but the "ford of the Ox and Ash,"
the " bridge of the Ux," literally the " ford of and
the bridge over the water." (The ancient Brit.
VfoxAfordd is supposed to have been used in a more
extended sense than the A.-S. word, and to have
denoted " a road or passage whether over a stream
or jjry land.") The vocables .4a;, Ex, Ox, Ux, Wox,

Yax, Yox, Ash., Ouse, Oise, Ouche, Os, Us, Use, Ese,
Wis, Esh, Usk, Isis, Itz, Wish, Brit, isc, are merely
different orthographies of the same word, and may
be traced to the Gael, uisg, uisge (Ir. uisge, uisc,
W. wysg. Corn, and Armor, isge, Belg. escli, asch),
" water," which Gael, root is found in some form
or other in upwards of 1000 local names in Eu-
rope. Again, Shawford is just as likely to mean
the "ford of the water " as the "ford of the wood ;"
from Brit, ys-aw, " the water." Conf. Vonioise,
Yaarham, Faxley, Foxford, Oxley, 0«burn, (Ouse-
burn), Wishe'dch (Owse-beach), Tees (i. e. Yt-ese,
" the water "), the same word as Adige (G. Etsch),
both having been formerly called the Athesis ;
Sesia (Ys-ese), and Ticino, properly the Tessin,
from Yt-ese-an (an, a river). There is also a river
called the Tesina, on the other side of the Adige
(not yet crossed by the French), which rises in Le
Sette Commune, and flows near Vicenza. The
Welsh call Oxford both the " ford of oxen," and
the "ford of the Ouse or water." (Rydychen,
Rhydwysg.) R. S. Chabnock.

" This worthy knight (John Arundel) was forewarned
(by what Calker I wot not) that ho should be slain on
the sands. This made him to shun his house at Efford
(alias Ebbing-ford) as too maritime, and remove himself
to Trerice, his more inland habitation in this county, but
he found it true ' Fata viam invenient ; ' for being this
year sheriif and the Earl of Oxford surprising Mount
Michael (for the house of Lancaster), he was concerned
by his office and command from the king, to endeavour
the reducing thereof, and lost his life in a skirmish on the
sands thereabouts. Thus it is just with Heaven to punish
men's curiosity in inquiring after, credulitj'' in believing
of, and cowardice in fearing at, such prognostications." —
Fuller's Worthies of Cornwall.

E. H. A.

SEVEN DATES WANTED.

(2"^ S. viii. 309.)

I hope the following replies may supply G. W.
S. P.'s vacancies : —

March 8, 1701, King William III. died at
Kensington ; 1803, the Duke of Bridge water,
the father of canal navigation, died.

March 12, a.d. 365, Belisarius died.

17, 1715, Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of

Salisbury, died ; 1828, Sir J. E. Smith, the emi-
nent botanist, died.

April 6, 1807, Lalande, the astronomer, died.

, 1590, Sir Francis Walsingham died.

, 1695, Dr. Busby, Master of Westmin-
ster school, died.

July 1, 1312, Piers Gaveston died at Warwick.

, 1690, Duke of Schomberg killed at the

battle of the Boyne.

July 1, 1818, Sir Thomas Bernard, author of
Spurinna, founder of the British Institution for
the Cultivation of the Fine Arts, died.

406

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°* S. Vlll. Nov. 12. '59.

October 6, 1285, Phillip III., called the Bold,
King of France, died,

November 26, 1504, Isabella of Spain, patron of
Columbus, died.

November 26, 1703, Kidder, Bishop of Bath and
Wells, a learned Oriental scholar and eminent
prelate, with his wife, buried in the ruins of the
episcopal chapel at Wells in the great storm of
that year. Jamhs Elmes.

Blackheath.

I send the following list of births to fill up
some of G. W. S. P.'s vacant dates : —
March 12, Bishop Berkeley, born 1684.
April 6, Andrew Dacier, born 1651.
October 6, Louis Philippe, born 1773.
November 26, Cowper, born 1731.

, Earl of Chatham, born 1708.

George Burgess.
18. Lincoln Street, Mile End Eoad.

Joseph Hall, Bishop of Exeter, and afterwards
of Norwich ; born July 1, 1574 ; died Sept. 8,
1656, set. 82.

Frederick VIII. King of Denmark, born Octo-
ber 6, 1808 (present sovereign),

Fred Jean Joseph Cilestin de Schwarzenberg,
born at Vienna, April 6, 1809, Cardinal Arch-
bishop of Prague.

Joseph Othmar Rauscher, born at Vienna, Oc-
tober 6, 1797, now Cardinal Archbishop of Vienna.

I shall be able in a few days to answer the other
questions. W. B. G.

Permit me to cast one stone on G, W. S. P.'s
cairn, by enabling him to fill up one of the va-
cant dates with the birth of the famous Scottish
divine. Dr. Thomas Chalmers, on March 17th,
1780. D. S.

Judges Black Cap (2-"» S. viii. 130. 193. 238.)
— The Query of your correspondent W. O. W.,
as to the origin of the English custom of a judge
putting on a black cap when he passes sentence
of death, has not yet received an answer.

Covering the head was a sign of grief and
mourning, not only among the Hebrews, but also
among the Greeks : see Odyssey, viii. 85. ; Eurip.
Hec, 405, ; Orest. 42. 280. ; Suppl. 122. Among
the Romans it was an established custom for a
person who performed a sacrifice to cover the
head : see Virg. ^«., iii. 404-9. ; Serv. JEn..^ ii.
166., iii. 407.; Victor de Orig. Gent. Rom., 12.;
Plut. Qucest. Rom., 10.

The covering of the head as a part of the cere-
mony of execution by hanging, according to the
story of Horatius in Livy (i. 26.), must be con-
sidered as a custom originating partly in humane

motives, and partly m the convenience of the
executioner. Grimm, D. R. A. (p. 684.), re-
marks that this custom obtains in several kinds of
(^pital execution. It is well known that soldiers
who are shot under the sentence of a court mar-
tial have their eyes bandaged.

The use of the black cap by the judge, in pass-
ing sentence, is purely symbolical. It seems pe-
culiar to England ; but the date of its introduc-
tion has not yet been traced. L.

Stamford Hill (2°"^ S. viii. 158.) — Idem sonans
is not always a safe guide, still less similiter sonans.
The places called Sandford Street, &c., in the
neighbourhood, are so named from the proprietors
of the land ; an old family who have been gene-
rous benefactors to the charities of the parish.
Long before their time Stamford Hill was so
called in the survey of the manor, 4tli Edward
VI,, 1549; in an indenture of lease from Thomas,
Earl of Cleveland, 28th Aug. 1638 ; and also in
the Survey of the Parliamentary Sequestrations,
1652. It is said to have been originally called
Stanford Hill, from stan (Ang.-S.), a stone, or
paved ford (vadvm stratum), which existed here
before the bridge was built over the Hackney
Brook. A. A.

Do Horses tremble when they see a Camel (2""^ S.
viii. 354.) — Herodotus (i. 80. ; vii. 87.) refers to
this fear when he says that the horse cannot bear
(avex^rai) either the sight or the smell of a camel.
He has a like dread of the elephant, on which
some very interesting particulars are supplied in
Sir J. Emerson Tennent's last work on Ceylon.
Familiarity with these animals, however, soon
subdues this natural shyness in the horse. (Lar-
cher's Herod., n. vii. 87.) T. J. Buckton.

Lichfield.

Original of the Faust Legends (2"'* S. viii. 87.
191.) — See Hewitt's Ennemoser, vol. ii. p. 142.
For the legend of St. Theophilus, Ennemoser re-
fers to the Acta SS., 4th Feb. ; also to Sender
and Horst. Eirionnach.

Liberavi aniniam meavi (2°'' S. viii. 108. 157.) —
Although this expression has been both well dis-
cussed and amply illustrated in your columns,
the exact words, as occurring in any work of au-
thority, have not yet been produced ; and this was
the original subject of inquiry (p. 109.). They
are, however, used by *S'. Bernard ; to whose writ-
ings one of your correspondents refers, as pro-
bably containing the similar terms, "Dixi: et
salvavi animam meam." The words now in ques-
tion, " liberavi animam meam," occur in S. Ber-
nard's letter to the Abbe Suger (Sugerius Ab-
bas), wherein the saint strenuously dissuades that
powerful ecclesiastic from a course which he was
bent upon pursuing, but which Bernard deemed

2°<» S. VIII. Nov. 12. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

407

sinful. The letter ends thus : — " Liberavi ani-
mam meam : liberet et vestram Deus a labiis ini-
quis et h lingua dolosa."— Ep. ccclxxi.

Thomas Boys.

Duchess of Marlborough (2"'^ S. viii. p. 330.) —
Mr. Weir's Account of Lincolnshire, vol. i. (all
that was published, and to which I referred re-
specting the Duchess of Marlborough,) was pub-
lished in 1828 ; and Allen's History of Lincolnshire
(vol. ii.) was published in 1834 — siar years after-
wards. Consequently, although the editor of " N.
& Q." says that " Mr. Weir's authority is no doubt
Allen's History" I must beg leave to have con-
siderable doubts M^on the subject ; Allen makes
references, in fact, in his first volume, which was
publiished in 1830, to Weir's Lincolnshire, proving
that Mr. Weir was Allen's authority, and not the
reverse. Allen was not very particular in giving
his authorities, or delicate in his unacknowledged
appropriation of the labours of other people : since
many pages of his book were taken without any
notice whatever from my Collections for the His-
tory of Boston, published in 1820.

PisHET Thompson.

Stoke Newington,

Thomas Maude (2°* S. viii. 291.)— Mr. Thomas
Maude was a friend of Grose, the author of The
History of Antiquities, and is alluded to by Grose
in the history. He was a friend also of Paley,
who frequently visited him at Bolton Hall. It
has been said that Mr. Maude and his patron and
friend the Duke of Bolton are described in one
of Smollett's novels. Can any correspondent of
" N. & Q." supply any information on this latter
point ? M. 4.

The Wren Song (2"^ S. viii. 253.) — A story is
current in Ireland, that a wren hopping on a
drum at an outpost of King William III.'s army
aroused a drowsy sentinel, and so saved a sur-
prise by King James; hence the dislike of the
peasantry to the cause (the innocent wren), a
feeling carried down to the present day, and
evinced in wren processions, &c.

F. R. S., Bibl. Aul. Regis.

Dublin.

Jacob Chaloner (2°^ S. viii. 323.) is probably
identical with James Chaloner, sometime of Brase-
nose College, Oxford, and afterwards of Magdalen
College, Cambridge, in which University he gra-
duated B. A. 1619-20, M. A. 1623. He was one
of the judges of King Charles I., a noted anti-
quary, and author of A Short Treatise of the Isle
of Man. He committed suicide in 1660. See
Wood's Athen. Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 502, 503.

C. H. & Thompson Coopek.

Cambridge.

Vulgates of 1482—4 (2"'i S. viii. 257.) — Your
correspondent H. B. will find the edition of the

Vulgate to which he alludes as being so rare that
he can find no copy mentioned in any catalogue,
described in Pettigrew's Bibliotheca Sussexiana,
vol. i. part ii. pp. 337, 338. A previous edition
by the same printer, Magnus de Herbort of Sel-
genstadt, Venet. 1483, is particularly described,
pp. 335 — 337 in folio, 2 vols. These editions are
formed upon the Fontibus ex Graecis, &c. An
edition in folio and an edition in 4to. were in the
Library of H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex. O. C.

Carriage Boot (2°* S. viii. 238. 317.) — I sug-
gest two etymological solutions. The first is, that
the word comes from the Fr. boite, a box ; which
a carriage-boot effectually is; and in both lan-
guages the words admit of a variety of significa-
tions. What tends remarkably to confirm this
view is the fact that, in the present parlance, the
coachman's seat is "on the box;" that is, on or
over the front boot, boite, or box.

The second is, that boot means boat, possibly
from some resemblance in form when first intro-
duced ; or from being attached to the sides of the
carriage like boats to a ship, " having then a boot
on each side," according to the quotation adduced
by the Rev. Francis Trench. In fact, our present
word boot was in the fifteenth century pronounced
and written bote ; and boat was then pronounced
and written boot. This is evident from the Promp-
torium Parvulorum, from which I extract the fol-
lowing : —

" Boot, Navicula, scapha, simba {sic).

Bote, for a mannys legge, Bota, ocrea."

We see here that the English for navicula was

"boot." Of course, the spelling at that period

was not in a fixed state ; but in this instance the

above quotation is quite sufiicient to indicate the

difference of the pronunciation of the two words.

" Navicula " was not confined to a vessel intended

to float on the water. It signified, for instance,

the vessel which contained the incense used in the

church (Ducange) ; and even to this day the same

vessel is in English called a " boat." One or other

of these solutions is, I think, the right one. "Utrum

horum mavis accipe." John Williams.

Arno's Court, Bristol.

Hammer Cloth (2°'^ S. fiii. 381.) — There can,
I think, be little doubt as to hammock-cloth being
the etymologically correct word.

The seat to which this is the covering, consists
of straps or webbing stretched between two
crutches, as a sailor's hammock is suspended ; and
for a like reason, viz. to ease the motion. In my
own early days few driving-seats were on springs,
and this hammock or cradle was a great relief
from the jar — particularly on the bad pavement
then common. Coachmen used, for the same
reason, to have a strip of cork nailed on their
footboard.

Hammers, wrenches, spare bolts, &c., were car-

408

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. Vill. Nov. 12. '59.

ried in a budget slung somewhere under the car-
riage. A hammock-cloth seat never has any
receptacle for tools. J. P. Obde.

Kilmery.

Bulse (2°* S. viii. 327.) — From the context,
" whether a bulse or only a few sparks of a dia-
mond," it would appear to be the balass ruby, or
carbuncle, balascio in Italian, balas in German,
and rubis balais in French.- But where else is
Bos well's form, "bulse," to be met with ? H. W.

" The Nizam of the Deccan sent a Bulse of diamonds,
sealed up, to Bengal, to Mr. Hastings, for the purpose of
his presenting them to the King on his arrival in Eng-
land. Mr. Hastings had sailed for England before the
diamonds arrived in Calcutta. They were therefore en-
trusted to the care of Captain Church, of the I02d regi-
ment, who took his passage home in the Hinchinbrook ;
the fame of these diamonds, and of their immense value,
had gone abroad — and when the Hinchinbrook went
down in Bengal river, a Lascar took advantage of the
confusion, broke open the trunks of Captain Church, and
got possession of the Bulse. It was, however, rescued
from him before he had broken the seals, and was re-
turned to Mr. Crofts, the agent of Mr. Johnstone, who is
resident at the Court of the Nizam. Mr. Crofts sent the
diamonds to England by one of the late ships, addressed
to the care of Mr. Blair, of Portland Place, who is the
brother-in-law of Mr. Johnstone. Mr. Blair handed them
to Mr. Hastings — Mr. Hastings entrusted them to Major
Scott — Major Scott delivered them to Lord Sydney — and
Lord Sj'dney presented them to the King." The PoUticnl
Magazine (x. 478.) adds as a note, " A bulse of diamonds
is a peculiar sort of a package of diamonds. They are
always brought home from India in a ease, which is
called a bulse."

R. W.

Webster gives "Bulse, a certain quantity of
diamonds. Wraxall. {India.J' Might it not be
derived from the Portuguese bdlsa,a purse, pouch,
bag ? R. S. Charnock.

Abdias Ashton (2""* S. viii. 336.)— Abdias Ash-
ton was a donor to the library of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge ; and in several of the volumes
in that librai-y there is pasted on the inside cover
u printed label, of which the following is a copy :

" Abdias Ashton SS^^ Theolog. Bac. Ecclesiae de Mid-
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jegiii Socius, Charissimaj^Iatri (nam pio hoc nomine
moribundus jam apellavitTDollegium) ad hunc, et alios
libros eraendos centum legavit marcas anno 1633."

J. J. Howard.

Lee.

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Servare menteip."

A. D. C. The line —

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is from Keats's Endymion.

Arthur Paget. We have referted to two editions of Lewis's Topog.
Diet. (1831, 1835\ and find the statement respecting "Sutton Bingham
church having been formerly a chapel to Malmesbnry Abbey " is omitted.

B. F. S. " JVo man is a hero to his valet-de-chambre," is a saying of
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A. M. Consult Sims's Manual of Heraldry, pp. 161-177,/or rtferences
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NOTES AND QUERIES:

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FOB

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,

GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

Price id. unstamped ; or 5d. stamped.

Contents of No. 201. — November 5th.

NOTES : — The Gunpowder Plot, &c. — General Wolfe at Quebec, by J.
Noble — Talbot Monuments, by Sir T. E. Winnington — The New
Testament in Modem Greek, by J, H, van Lenntp — Problem in
Rhyme, by Professor De Morgan — Inscriptions and Epitaphs — Hoop
Petticoats and Crinoline — The Epitaph of Dean Nowell, and Import
of the Contraction " I.," by John Gough Nichols.

Minor Notes : — Richmond and its Maids of Honour — Ancient Will
— Statistics of Letters sent by Post — Cromwell's Remains — An an-
cient Strike.

QUERIES: — Stratford Family, by Thomas Nicholson — Queries as to

Seals.
Minor Qderies: — Mrs. Myddelton — Cashel Progresses — XJnburied

Ambassadors _ "The Golden Bough" — "The Wasp" — Papier

Moure — Kentish LongtaUs — Purkess Family — Welsh Judges — Col.

Johnes of Havod,&c.

Minor Queries with ANSwERs:_FuUer and the Ferrars — Hammer-
cloth — Fishwick — Scavenger's Daughter — John Baptist Jackson —
" An Help unto Deuocion " — Ste Ampoule, &c.

REPLIES: — Napoleon's Escape from Elba — Titles conferred by Oli-
ver Cromwell — Biblical Conjecture-Notes : the right Date of the
Epistle to the Hebrews, by T. J. Buckton — Francis Burgersdicius,
by Rev. J. E. B. Mayor — George Herbert and Theocritus — Oliver St.
John, by John Maclean.

Replies to Minor Qoeries : — Seals of Officers who perished in Aff-
ghanist«n — Louis the Fifteenth: Earl of Stirling — Cloven Foot —
Scandal against Queen Elizabeth, &c.

Notes on Books, &c.

A few Sets of NOTES AND QUERIES:-

First Series, 12 vols, cloth, bds., price 61. 6s.

Second Series, Vols. I. to VII., 3?. 13s. 6d. cloth i and

General Index to First Series, price Ss. cloth, bds. may still be had.

2»d S. nil. Nov. 19. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

409

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19. 1859.

No. 203. — CONTENTS.

NOTES:— The Rebellion of 1715, 409_Sir Peter Paul Rubens: De-
Btroyed Records, &c.,410_Extract8 from an Early Manuscript, 411 —
An Austrian Army: Alliterative Address to Aurora Borealis, 412.

Minor Notes:— Ancient Italian Jests -"Cutting One's Stick" —
Drat 'cm. Oddrot 'em — British Officers, 1711— "In the wrong box-
Singular Derivation of the Epithet " Whig," 412.

QUERIES: — William Nicolson, D.D., Archbishop of Cashel, 413.

Minor Quehibs: — Wreck of the Dunbar — Prisoner's Arraignment-
Geology : Antiquity of Man on the Earth — " Hockley i' th' Hole " —
JEsop's Fables — Sir Humpfrey Talbot — The Book of Sports — Sur-
plice on Good Friday at the Communion — Playford — The Style of
Grace— Munro—Lomax, or Loraas Family— William Dunkin.D.D.
— Owenson the Player — Writers who have been bribed to Silence —
John Phipps — " Decanatus Christianltatis " _ Major Thomas —
" Death of the Fox " — Seal of SS. Serge and Baccus, &c., 414.

Minor Queriei with Answers: — Swans — L'Abbaye de Quincy —
" Bobolink " and " Cocking an Eye " — Brass at West Herling — The
Princess Borghese — Moly and Colorabine — " Soul is form and doth
the body make " — Portrait : K. B. 32 — Four Kings — Prince Rupert's
Arms and Ciest, 416.

REPLIES : —Malabar Jews, by J. H. van Leanep, 418 — Titles con-
ferred by Oliver Cromwell, 419 — Squaring the Circle, 421 — Supema-
turals at the Battles of Clavijo and Prague, 422.

Replies to Minor Queries: — The Jews' Spring Gardens — Seals of
Officers who perished in Atf>;hanistan — Mrs. Myddelton — What sort
of Animal was the Bugle? — The Contraction " i." — "The Royal
Slave " — Villeins — Portiouer — Spontoon — Stratford Family —
George Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh — James Thomson's Mar-
riage — Notes on Trees and Flowers — Muffled Peal on Innocents'
Day — Scavenger's Daughter — Kentish Lougtoils — Old Print —
Bishop Gauden — Walpurgis, 423.

Notes on Books, &c.

THE REBELLION OP 1715.

In looking over some papers which belonged to
Frances Countess of Seaforth, I have found one
or two which seem to me worth publication.
They are not of great historical interest, but of
some value, I think, because they tell the story of
and by the defeated parties, to whom history is
seldom generous, and not always just.

Frances Countess of Seaforth was daughter of
William Marquis of Powis. Her husband and
father both joined King James in Ireland, and
were both outlawed. The Earl, her husband, died
in France in 1701. I suspect that the lady had
some foreknowledge of the Rebellion ; for 1 find
her in London in the early part of 1715. She
had, however, returned to Brahan, the family seat
in Scotland, in or before September of that year.
Her son had great seignorial influence in the north
of Scotland, equally in the eastern counties, and
some of the western islands. When the Earl of
Mar resolved to march southward, the Earl of
Seaforth was left behind to protect the country
from the Earl of Sutherlanfl and the Whig clans.
This he did successfully, and then, as Rae tells us,
joined Mar with eight hundred horse and three
thousand foot.

I have referred to most of the accounts of the
rebellion, but find merely a vague reference to
Seaforth's campaign ; the most minute is Rae's.
Rae expresses fears lest he should not have done
justice to any one who "had occasion to act
against the late rebellion." Tliis was a little over-

scrupulous. Whether he did equal justice to the
rebels is somewhat doubtful. Thus he tells us
that Seaforth and his followers " miserably har-
rassed the country belonging to Sir Robert
Monro," * * * " stripping the women of their very
body cloaths, 'till they left them the most miserable
commonality of Britain ; " that they took a great
many cattle from and robbed some of the tenants of
Sir William Gordon of Invergorden, which seems
to me probable enough. He then adds a story
about a friend, who having told the Lady Tenenich
that Seaforth was come to protect her, " she cried
out the Lord of Hosts be my Protector .'" upon which
Seaforth, who overheard her, " turn'd about, and
immediately sent a party who robb'd her of all her
cattle and moveables without doors."

The paper enclosed appears to me very like the
copy of a dispatch sent to the Earl of Mar. As
usual I believe on such occasions, though written
in the Earl's name, it was probably drawn up by
another ; for the writer drops into the third per-
son in the penultimate paragraph. The MS. is
in some places so damaged as to be beyond my
conjectures, and I cannot of course answer for
the exact spelling of names, familiar perhaps in
the North, but not known to me. Fowles I be-
lieve to have been Colonel Monro of Fowles. ,

"After I returned Fowles from his attempt on the
town of Inverness which he designed to possess, under
pretence of relieving the house of Culloden, that was
given out to be besieged by the Laird of Mac Intosh,
Fowles applied to the Earl of Sutherland (who had
but then arrived from London) as heutenant of the most
of the northern shires ; who with all the forces he could
raise of his own tenants vassals and dependants, in con-
junction with my Lord Reay, the Gunns of the Glen,
most of the Rosses and several others, joined Fowles
younger at Alnes, who with all the forces the Monroes
could make encamped there, where when all met they
gave up themselves to make a body of three or four
thousand men, and for the speedier execution of their
design, which (as they confidently boasted) was to batter
down the house of Brahan, possess themselves of the
Town of Inverness, overrun entirely my lands, and all
other opposers. They not only got six pieces of cannon
(with ammunition conform) from a man of war in the road
of Cromarty, but also had a concert with six hundred of
the Grants, 200 of Kilravoch's men, 100 from Brodie,
100 from Culloden, and some of the Stratherick Frasers
to come by sea to the said camp, for which intent there
were several vessels sent them from the Firth of Cro-
marty.

"In the meantime, I, being joined by Sir Donald
M'=Donald and having a considerable body of resolute
men, upon Saturdaj' the 8th of October, marched from
Dingwell through the hills into Strathspey [ ?] ; and in
my way, my scouts espied some horse and foot of the
enemy ; to whom they gave chase, and in the retreat
shot one of the foot (who thereafter died of his wounds)
through the knee, from whom intelligence was had of
the enemy's camp, and of young Fowles being one of
them that were chased.

" That night I encamped at the Clairs (a little village
pertaining to Fowles) ; the next morning (being Sunday
the 9">) 1 marched eastward through the mountains with
design (if possible) to attack the enemy that day, but

410

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»« S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59.

when I came to the Boaths (a place pertaining to Munro
of Novarr), four miles distant from the Enemy's camp, it
was found impracticable to reach them that [day].
Therefore I encamped there and had reports from persons
secured by my outer guards that the Enemys deserted
their camp, marched towards the hills and intended to
attack me. Wherefore I doubled my guards and ordered
all the army to rest on their arms overnight.

" Next morning (the 10th), I marched by break of day,
and sent out several scouts as well to view the place
where the enemy encamped at Alnes, as to spy those
mountains to which they were said to resort, that, ac-
cording as I should be informed, 1 might attack them in
either of the places.

" But or [ere?] I reached three miles off, I was cer-
tainly informed that the day before, about 12 of the
clock in the forenoon, the enemy (on having assurance
of my approach) left their camp with all precipitation
and disorder, being so struck with terror that the most of
them threw off their plaids, cast away their arms, and
left their cannon ; which was that night conveyed to the
man of war from whence they came ; and the confusion
was so great, that the Earl of Sutherland, the Lords
Strathnayer and Reay, with several other persons of note,
crossed the Bonah (which is the entry into Sutherland)
with 40 men only, leaving the rest of their army to make
their passage the best they could, in order to return to
their respective homes without any determined resolu-
tion. Fowles yoimger, with such as did not desert him of
his own followers (being left behind) or [ere?] day re-
turned (by the hills) to his castle of Fowles (all the
time), garrisoned and fortified by his father.

'' In this retreat there is one passage that ought not to
be omitted (to wit), the Lord Reay (who left his sump-
tnre cloth, and some of his furniture and baggage) : his
beating one of his servants who offered to take up one of
his Lordship's hulster capes that had fallen, telling him
how durst he expose them so much to the resolute fol-
lowing enemy as to wait such a trifle, and that hulster
capes would be easily had, but not lives.

" I finding the enemy thus flown away had passed to
Sutherland, where they could not be easily reached, by
reason of their carrying all the boats to and securing
them on the other side, marched to the Pairs, where
they encamped at Alnes, where I stayed all night ; and
finding it a central place betwixt the Bosses and Mun-
roes, I continued there next day, and sent to Fowles, the
other principal men of the Munroes and all the Rosses to
r ] protection, and secure for their peaceable

behaviour, otherways to expect to be treated as enemies.
" While I waited the message sent to Fowles and
others, the most of those in Murray (formerly named)
boated at Nairn, or thereabouts, on Tuesday the 4th, and
came to Sandiwich in Ross at 8*^ hour that night, in-
tending to join the Earl of Sutherland ; but before they
landed but 40 of their men, they had intelligence that
the Earl of Sutherland's camp was dissipate, and that I
possessed their ground; whereupon they immediately
returned to their boats, and steered for the port from
which they sailed ; leaving no other memory of their ex-
pedition but the slaughter of some few sheep they found
m a cottage at the shore.

•' Upon Wednesday the 12*1" I despatched my Lord Duf-
fns with 300 men by 8 o'clock in the morning, to pro-
claim the King at the Mercat Cross of Taine ; and to
summon, in his Majesty's name, the magistrates and
commonalty to give up their arms, and secure for their
peaceable behaviour: and some hours thereafter, I went
myself with some horse to [Kincraigs?] house, a loj-al
gentleman of my own name, hard by, which Sir W™
Gordon of Dalpholly's lady, with his brethren and friends,
kept a garrison in his house of Inverbrachlie.

" The lady (who, at my first approach to Alnes, was
forsaken by her husband's brethren and most of his
friends,) sent a gentleman for my protection, who met me
on my way to Kincraig, with whom I sent a gentleman
to assure her that as my master the King required
nothing at present of his subjects but due obedience and
loyalty, so I was very willing to give protection (in his
Majesty's name) to all that would come into those mea-
sures, and would give up their arms and ammunition, and
secure for their peaceful behaviour, on which conditions
the same was offered to her.

" Upon receipt of this message the lady made patent
doors; entreated I should cause enter the house to
receive what arms she acknowledged to have, and con-
sented a search should be made for such arms and ammu-
nition if thought to be there ; which accordingly being
done, there was some [ ] to the camp.

" As I was at Kincraig several of the name of Ross,
Macleod of Catboll, Macleod of Guineys, the Tutor of
Pilton and others, attended me in obedience to the mes-
sage sent to them, and required to twelve o'clock in the
forenoon, Friday the 14*, to perform all that was re-
quired of them ; which upon their paroles of honor not
only to do that, but also to endeavour to bring in all the
other Rosses to the same measures, was granted them.i

" My Lord Duffus arrived at Taine at 12 of the clock
in the forenoon, and proclaimed his Majesty (assisted by
the magistrates) at the Mercat Cross thereof with ring-
ing of bells and all other solemnities that the place
could afford ; and thereafter drunk several loyal healths
which the most of the magistrates and council did very
cheerfully, and promised to live peaceably ; but there was
but very few arms found in town, they being taken away
formerly by the Earl of Sutherland.

" The next day being Thursday the 13* his Lordship
returned to the camp by two in the afternoon, having sent
a small number of his party to search for those that stood
out, and secure the boats of several ferries from being
used by the enemies.

" The same afternoon severalls of those gentlemen that
[ ] before brought a few arms and [ ]

who was taken prisoner by the outer guards upon Mon-
day the 10* as he was endeavouring to get privately to
his house, being one of the principal gentlemen of that
name, is still in custody,"

How far this narrative can be reconciled witli
Rae's version of the story, I leave those better in-
formed to decide. T. R. O.

SIR PETBR PAUL BtJBENS : DESTEOYED RECORDS, ETC.

"S' Henry Mervin to app. Capt. Gibbon to -|^g
carry Mons"^ Rubin," &c.

The subjoined extract from a docquet book of
Admiralty Letters between the years 1629 and
1632, relates no doubt to the departure of the
great Flemish painter from England, although
Mr. Sainsbury's book is silent upon that head,
excepting only the minute of the Council Register
granting his pass, Jan. 31, 1629-30.

Unfortunately this docquet book has no dates :
the figures in the margin (146) I presume to in-
dicate the pagination of an original letter book.
My Query is directed to ascertain the following
point : — Where are the ancient letter books of
the Admiralty preserved ? And at what date do
the earliest documents connected with that de-

2nd g, VIII. Nov. 19. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

411

partment commence ? I have been given to un-
derstand that In the present day they draught oflf
their accumulations of papers to the doclcyards to
be burnt. Can this be correct? This much I
know, that some short time since several very
valuable papers, I believe (as far as memory
serves me) connected with Nelson, were offered
to the Museum authorities for sale ; who, con-
ceiving that they might have been illegally appro-
priated, communicated with the heads of the
Admiralty upon the subject, who disclaimed all
title to the property, it having been condemned
as rubbish.

It is not generally known that the Rolls, some
little time since, burned a great quantity of old Re-
cords : touching this, I should like some additional
information. I believe my informant told me that
they were medical accounts relating to prisoners
in the Tower of London. Would it not have
been preferable to have sent them to the auction-
rooms, and so given the public an opportunity of
preserving what the Vandalism of the nineteenth
century takes upon itself to condemn as worthless ?

"^hile alluding to Rubens, I might as well make
a note that Harleian MS. (No. 218.) gives the
obituary of Philip (set. 38.), the brother of Sir
Peter Paul Rubens ; and that of Albert, the son
of the latter, in 1657. Abbacasabba.

EXTRACTS FROM AN EAELT MANUSCRIPT.

Arithmetical Notation. — The following is tran-
scribed from a MS. of the end of the fourteenth,
or beginning of the fifteenth century ; —

" 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5 4. 3. 2. 1. Computa ordine retro-
grado et sic prima figura primo loco posita valet se ; se-
cundo loco posita valet decies se ; tertio loco centies se ;
quarto loco posita milesies se; quinto loco decies mi-
lesies ; sexto loco centies milesies ; septimo loco mille
millesies; octavo loco decies mille millesies; nono loco
centies mille milesies; decimo loco mille mille milesies.
Numerorum vero alius digitus, alius articulus, alius com-
potus. Digitus est omnis numerus infra decern, et debet
scribi per predictas figuras simplices. Articulus est
omnis numerus qui potest dividi in decern partes equales
et communiter scribitur per ciphram ut hie : 10. 20. 30.
40. Compotus constat ex articulo et digito, ut hie : 1. 2.
Et semper digitus est in parte dextra. Qui scire voluerit
pluries tabulam ruminet."

The /orms of the numerals have, of course, not
been copied. Is the distinction between digitus^
compotus, and articulus, well known ?

Verses on the Death of Edward IV. — In the
volume which contains the above table, the fol-
lowing hexameters are written in one of the blank
leaves at the end, in a hand probably of the first
half of the sixteenth century. I follow the punc-
tuation exactly : —

" Carmina qui letus : tecum cane Tristia mestus
Heu pater heu pastor heu rex heu bellicus armis

Heu doctus Salamon Jonatbas Arturus in hostes
Heu vere legis custos heu gloria plebis
Edwardus quartus Anglie rex et decus orbis
ToUitur a nobis rosa mundi sol que triumphi
Absolon in vultu Salamon Christi quasi cultu
Templi fundator astri nomen et recreator
Ast orbis natis qui sit jam queso beatis
Gallus obedit ei vultu Scotes que subegit
Protoctoi". Christi fidei victus nece tristi
Celsa petena astri jam liquit culmina castri
Sol latit obscuris grauibus dolet Anglia curis
Castra thoris plena psallentum sunt per amena
Olim iam flentum vix verba referre valentum
Luce migrat celis nona rex noster Aprilis
Edwardi Christi matris precibus que Georgii
M semel et C quater octo decies tribus aunis
Cristi sed regni vicenus tercius annus
Natus que mense necat huius mors illius ense
Anglia plange parens regis sic neustria nutrix
Rex cuius ex iure moritur cur. Gallia confle
Regem nunc reges plangant geniti genitores
Princeps dux que comes genitrix regina que proles
Spiritus exorent regis petat alta polorum
Omnes Angligiae quia rex et tutor eorum."

Just below these lines, and in the same hand,
are the following, the object of which is clear
enough : —

" Hastyns hie domini Willielmi corpus humatur.
Funde preces anima quod celi luce fruatur.
Centum namque dies venie tociens tibi dantur
A te quando pater et ave pro se recetantur."

On a preceding leaf, in different hands of the
sixteenth century, are the following : —

" Anno milleno C quater . X. quoque seno
Festo sex fratrum . dat Northamptonie bellum
Campo sanctarum viridi delapray monacharum
Quid plagis .quid . aqua . sunt plurima corpora strata
Ex quibus hii . buc . Be . proceres iungas Tal. et Egre
Et lucy miles . deus hiis . omnibus requiem des. Amen."

Over the abbreviations, hue, Be, Tal, Egre,
are written respectively by way of explanation or
completion : diix hukhyngham, vicecomes bevmond,
hot, mond.

Again : —

" When qwene Anne was crownyd
Syr John d3'gby was beryd
A m d iij and thrytty
Was the date of our lord I say trewly."

Again, some mnemonic verses for the order of
succession of the kings of England : —

" Wil. con. Willms. hen. Stephanus. henque secundua
EL Jon. Henri. Edwardus tres. Ri. que secundus
Postea regnavit. Quartus. quintus simul Henri.
Hen sextus regnat. felice tempore viuat
Edwardus quartus. quintus ternus que Ricardus
Septimus. Henricus. octauus nunc numerandus."

Again : —

" Sanguine© ore Gallus contra Anglos
Siccine tam creb[rjis frustra conuentibus Anglos
Querimus et dubii pacis abimus iter
Credimus astute tritas dissoluere gentes
Quam retro ex nostris nuUus amauit auus
Sic michi persuasi francus conseneiet Anglis
Cum dabit agniculis vbera seua lupa
Cum fonte ex vno cerua lupus que bibent

412

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2W S. Vin. UOV. 19. '69.

Tota ergo proosus* (?) spe pacis obimus inanes(?)

Multus et interiit nunc sine fruge labor

Tot vigiles curas sanctuni mentitis amorem

Perdere disiunctis regibus Angle potes

Sis licet ingratus nee quid gracia cures

Exul ope nostra victor, ad arma redis

Et nunc exitis seua ad discrimina regnis

Ingenium expectas proferat arma socer.
'• Egidius Anglicus contra Gallos.

Siccine tarn erebra per te mendacia fiunt

Galle tibi quare credere nemo potest

Credimus ut sanctam tendis dissoluere pacem."

These three lines might be a prophetic address
to the Emperor Napoleon III.

I shall be glad if any of your numerous corre-
spondents would help me to the identification,
and, I may add, the translation of the first and
last of these sets of verses. H. F.

AN AUSTRIAN army: ALLITERATIVE ADDRESS TO
AURORA BOREALIS.

Can you inform me who wrote the alphabetical
alliterative poem commencing : —

" An Austrian Armj' Awfully Arrayed,
Boldly By Battery Besieged Belgrade"?

I am anxious to learn, as it was a subject of
much discussion during a late passage over from
Boston to Liverpool, and no one could give a
satisfactory reply. During our voyage in the
"Europa" steamer, we were fortunate in having
almost every evening most beautiful Auroral dis-
plays : and one evening, whilst walking the deck,
the writer and two fellow -passengers passed away
an hour or two in attempting to compose a poem
on the Aurora — following the alphabetical system.
Composed hastily, and dotted down by the light
of the binnacle lamp, couplet after couplet, it
served to give us some amusement ; and, if you
judge it worth inserting, may amuse others. In
the poem to which I refer above, two lines are
repetitions, and one letter of the alphabet is alto-
gether omitted : we managed to introduce all,
and found our labour vastly increased by the ne-
cessity of avoiding words, and combinations of
words, which occur in that poem. H. C. B.

Liverpool.

P.S. The Aurora at the time extended over
the whole visible heavens, and by beautiful crim-
son and green pencils of light eclipsed Ursa
Major almost completely.
An Artful And Amusing Attempt At Alphabetical

Allite7-ation Addressing Aurora.
Awake Aurora ! And Across All Airs
By Brilliant Blazon Banish Boreal Bears,
Crossing Cold Canope's Celestial Crown,
Deep Darts Descending Dive Delusive Down.
Entranced Each Eve " Europa's" Every Eye
Firm Fixed Forever Fastens Faithfully,

Greets Golden Guerdon Gloriously Grand ;

How Holy Heaven Holds High His Hollow Hand !

Ignoble Ignorance, Inapt Indeed —

Jeers Jestingly Just Jupiter's Jereed :

Knavish Kham8chatkans,KnightlyKurdsmenKnow

Long Labrador's Light Lustre Looming Low ;

Midst Myriad Multitudes Majestic Might

No Nature Nobler Numbers Neptune's Night.

Opal Of Oxus Or Old Ophir's Ores

Pale Pyrrhic Pyres Prismatic Purple Pours, —

Quiescent Quivering, Quickly, Quaintly Queer,

Rich, Rosy, Regal Rays Resplendent Rear ;

Strange Shooting Streamers Streaking Starry Skies

Trail Their Triumphant Tresses — Trembling Ties.

Unseen, Unhonoured Ursa, — Underneath

Veiled, Vanquished — Vainly Vying — Vanisheth :

Wild Woden, Warning, Watchful — Whispers Wan

Xanthitic Xeres, Xerxes, Xenophon,

Yet Yielding Yesternight Yules Yell Yawns

Zenith's Zebraic Zizzag, Zodiac Zones.

Perhaps meant for prorsus.

Minav ^atti.

Ancient Italian Jests. — Castiglione, in his Cor-
tigiano (published in 1528), lays down rules as to
the style of pleasantry which becomes a refined
and high-bred courtier ; and illustrates his pre-
cepts by a collection of jests and facetious stories.
One of these, attributed to a Florentine citizen,
exactly resembles an Irish bull. The story is as
follows. When the Florentines were at war with
Pisa, they were in a financial difficulty, and a citi-
zen proposed, as a means of obtaining money, that,
whereas the Florentines had hitherto levied cus-
tom duties at each of the eleven gates of their
city, they should make eleven other gates, and
thus double their receipts. Another story ap-
pears to be the original of the well-known inci-
dent of the unfreezing of the horn in Baron
Munchausen's Travels. A merchant of Lucca had
travelled to Poland, in order to buy furs ; but as
there was at that time a war with Muscovy, from
which country the furs were procured, the Luc-
chese merchant was directed to the confines of the
two countries. On reaching the Borysthenes,
which divided Poland and Muscovy, he found
that the Muscovite traders remained on their own
side of the river, from distrust, on account of the
state of hostilities. The Muscovites, desirous of
being heard across the river, announced the
prices of their furs in a loud voice ; but the cold
was so intense that their words were frozen in the
air before they could reach the opposite side.
Hereupon the Poles lighted a fire in the middle of
the river, which was frozen into a solid mass ; and
in the course of an hour, the words which had
been frozen up, were melted, and fell gently upon
the further bank, although the Muscovite traders
had already gone away. The prices demanded werfr^

2»'» S. VIII. Nov. 19. '60.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

413

however, so high, that the Lucchese merchant re-
turned without making any purchase, (See the
Cortigiano, vol. i. pp. 182. 184. ed. 1803.) L.

" Cutting Ones Stick" — This vulgarism of fast
life would appear to be a corruption of a phrase
not uncommon in the high life of the last century.
Walpole, writing to Lord Strafford, Oct. 16, 1770,
in reply to his inquiries after his gout, says : —

" I came to town on Sunday, and can creep about my
room even Avitbout a stick, -which is more felicity to me
than if I had got a white one. I do not aim yet at such
preferment as walking up stairs ; but having moulted my
stick, I flatter myself I shall come forth again without
being lame,"

John Times.

Drat 'em, Oddrot ''em. — The following sugges-
tion as to the origin of the expressions drat 'em,
oddrot 'em in old English comic writers, if new,
may interest some of your readers. Probably the
full expression was originally " may the gods out-
root them." This would easily pass into oddrot 'em,
and drat 'em would as easily follow.

The expression is used in Latin comedy ; cf.
Terence, Andria, Act IV. Sc. 4. v. 22., and Heau-
iontim., Act III. Sc. 3. v. 28. : —
" Di te eradicent."

Cantab,

British Officers, 1711. — When the expedition
against Canada was got up in the reign of Queen
Anne, thirty Serjeants were sent to New York
with lieutenants' commissions, and to be employed
on that service. They were afterwards (Dec. 25,
1712) put on half-pay in that colony. The fol-
lowing are the names of twenty of those offi-
cers : —

William Hellen.
Thomas Garlands.
Andrew Nickell.
Alexr. Blackall.
John Bennett.
Richard Kitchiner.
Timothy Bagley.
Martin Groundman.
Walter Harris.
Abraham Gee.
E. B. O'Callaghan.

William Matthews.
Matthew Low.
James Dunbar.
William Moor.
Edmund Blood.*
James Hall.
Philip Buchurst.
Samuel Babington.
Thomas Burnit.
William Wilkinson.

Albany, N. Y.

" In the wrong box." — If you have not already
done so, will you make a note that to George
Lord Lyttelton we are indebted for the above ex-
pression ? His lordship always declared to his
friends how much happier he should have been
had he been brought up to some profession or

* A gentleman of this name was placed on active ser-
vice in 1723, as lieutenant of a company then serving in
New York. He was nephew of Charles de la Fay, Under
Secretary of State, 1718-1736, whose sister married Col.
[Holcroft?] Blood, and of whom it is stated that she was
" much fitter to command an army than the colonel,"

business, so difficult did he find it to settle his at-
tention to anything to which he was not absolutely
obliged to settle it. He was of rather a melan-
choly disposition, and used to tell his friends that
when he went to Vauxhall he was always suppos-
ing pleasure to be in the next box to his, or, at
least, that he himself was so unhappily situated as
always to be in the xvrovg box for it.

11. W. Hackwood.

Singular Dei'ivation of the Epithet " Whig." —
Every reader of modern political history remem-
bers the initials of the statesmen that went to the
formation of the catch-word Cabal ; and of those
which gave rise to the singular composition of
Smectymnus in the days of Milton, as well as Dr.
Johnson's definition of Whig, as the Anglo-Saxon
for whey or butter-milk ; also the name of a party
in Queen Anne's reign, well described by Swift,
But I have recently heard from a learned friend,
who at the time would not refer to his authority,
that he had read that an appropriate application,
if not exactly derivation, had been supplied by
the initials of the words of the motto of a party
about Cromwell's time, viz. " We hope in God."

Can any of your numerous political and philo-
logical readers inform me whence the origin of
this derivation is to be found ? I shall be glad of
any information referring to the above subject,

K. F. W.

^mtitg*

WILLIAM NICOLSON, D.D., ARCHBISHOP Or
CASHEL.

Archdeacon Cotton, in his Fasti Ecclesias Hi-
bernicce, vol. i. p. 17, speaking of this prelate, who
was not only a zealous antiquary and a learned
historian and philologist, as is proved by his nu-
merous valuable writings, but was also "a profi-
cient in natural history," informs us that he has
" a small MS. volume written by him, comprising
an account of plants growing in Cumberland, and
especially in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, as ob-
served by himself in his walks," Archdeacon
Cotton likewise remarks : —

" Some manuscript volumes of his Diary are in posses-
sion of his family connexions in Ireland, viz. the Maule-
verers, descendants of the Rev, Bellingham Mauleverer,
son-in-law of the Bishop. And his Commonplace book is

in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin One of

them [the volumes of the Diary, as he mentions in the
FaBti, vol. iii. p. 323], which I have perused, is full of in-
teresting information, and breathes an uniform spirit of
Christian uprightness, piety, and content."

Might it not be well to put in print, pro bono
publico, at least a portion of the foregoing, written
by one who (to say nothing of his other acquire-
ments) has been termed by Bishop Gibson, in a
note to his edition of Camden's Britannia (fol.
1722), " a man eminent for his knowledge in the
languages of the Northern nations " ?

414

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2n'J S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59,

It is somewhat strange that Walter Harris, in
Ware's History of the Bishops, gives a very scanty
notice of the prelate's works ; and that in the His-
tory of the Writers of Ireland there is not even
mention of his name. An enumeration of his
writings is given in Chalmers' Biographical Dic-
tionary ; to which Archdeacon Cotton adds a list of
seven sermons, preached between the years 1685
and 1716.

Can you refer me to any quarter for informa-
tion respecting the archbishop's eldest son, the
Rev. Joseph Nicolson, LL.D. ? * He was Chan-
cellor of Lincoln ; and his only child, Mary Nicol-
son, was married, 6th February, 1744, to George
Blacker, Esq. of Hallsmill, in the county of Down.

Abhba.

Minav ihutviti.

Wreck of the Dunbar. — The ship Dunbar was
on the 26th August, 1857, wrecked on the rocks
entering Melbourne Harbour ; all on board were
lost, with the exception of one man ; he was very
accidentally discovered the next day on the cleft
of rock. At first it was supposed to be some
piece of apparel. A brave youth volunteered to
be let down some hundred feet by a rope, and
rescued from this perilous position a dying man,
in the greatest stage of exhaustion. Query, was
he a Dane? Is he living? Was his deliverer an
Orkney man ? Is he still alive ? It would be
satisfactory to learn their names. The inquirer
will be gratified by these individuals accepting
(from the investigator) of ten pounds sterling
each, supposing that they are not in independent
circumstances. C. F.

Prisoner's Arraignment. — What is the origin
of the prisoner, when he is arraigned, holding up
hia right hand as be pleads guilty or not guilty ?

NOTSA.

Geology : Antiquity of Man on the Earth. — In
the present uncertain state of geological science
respecting the antiquity of man on the earth, it
may perhaps be useful to make a note of a book
which was published above two hundred years
ago, in which an attempt was made, on Scriptural
grounds, to prove that m«n were on the earth
before the creation of Adam. The title of the
book is as follows : —

" Men before Adam ; or, a Discourse upon Romans v.
12 — 14., by which are proved that the First Men were
created before Adam, with a Theological System upon
that Presupposition. 8vo. Lond., 1656."

The work is anonymous, but the author was

r * Joseph Nicolson, D.D., was collated to a prebendal
stall in Lincoln cathedral, 24 May, 1714 ; and admitted
to the Chancellorship of Lincoln by the Archbishop of
Canterbury's (Wake's) option, 11 Feb. 1724-5. He died
Sept. 9, 1728, and was buried in the cathedral of Lincoln.
Two daughters survived him. — Ed.]

Isaac la Peyrere, a French Protestant, who was
thrown into prison on account of his book. The
original was in Latin, and published in the year
1655. It caused considerable sensation, and
several answers to it were published. D.

*^ Hockley i" tK Hole." — Where shall I find an
old ballad thus entitled elsewhere than in the
Bibliotheca Pepysiana f I should be obliged to
any correspondent for a transcript of it.

W. S. Pinks.

JEsop^s Fables. — I have a couple of mutilated
editions of ^sop, which I should like to have iden-
tified : —

No. 1. A small octavo, with frontispiece: —
" Esop surrounded by his animals, &c. ; Reader,
good or bad, I believe thou art not such an ass as
to think that all in this book was really done and
said by Fowles and Beasts," &c. Signed, " X. Y.
Z." The fables and morals both in prose and
verse ; very rude cuts, ending at p. 348.

No. 2. Same size, also without title. After
"Life of iEsop" — Apthonius, the sophist notion
of fable — and extract from Philostratus, then fol-
lows : " To his Ingenious Friend the New Trans-
lator of Esop," and "To the Juvenile Reader,"
both in verse. Cuts : the morals both in prose
and verse. J. O.

Sir Humpfrey Talbot. — Can any one tell who
Sir Humpfrey Talbot, sheriff of IBerks in 1480,
was, and his residence ? He is mentioned in
Berry's List of Sheriffs. Sbnex.

The Book of Sports. — Arthur Wilson, in his
History of the Life and Reign of King James I.
(reprinted in Kennett's Complete Hist, of England,
ii. 709.), says that after the publication of the De-
claration of Sports by the king, in 1618, the Lord
Mayor of London, who disapproved of it, arrested
his majesty's carriages when they were passing on
a Sunday through the City. This statement has
often been repeated, on the sole authority of the
violent party-writer referred to, or, it may be,
of the unknown editor of his posthumous work.

Can evidence of a more credible kind be pro-
duced for the alleged fact ? And can any law be
cited, under which the king's carriages could be
arrested at any time on the king's highway ?

Wilson and his followers farther affirm that, in
1618, the Declaration " came forth, with a com-
mand, enjoining all ministers to read it to their
parishioners, and to approve of it ; and those that
did not were brought into the High Commission,
imprisoned, and suspended." There were such
proceedings when the Declaration was reissued by
Charles I. in 1633 ; but is there any proof of their
occurrence in 1618 ? Fuller and Collier agree in
representing that, in James's reign, it was pub-
lished only for the use of Lancashire; and that
even there, " no minister was enjoined to read the

2"* S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59,3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

415

book in hig parish." (Fuller's Church History^
under May 29, 1618; and Collier's Eccl Hist, ii.
712., ed. 1714.) Scotds.

Surplice on Good Friday at the Communion. —
In the j:eview of the " Rev. Dr. Campbell's visit
to England in 1778," in the Edinburgh of October,
1859, page 3.39., occurs the passage : —

" Dodd (the notorious Reverend Doctor) did not read
the Communion Service rubrically, for he kneeled at the
beginning, and though it -was a Fast Day, he and his
coadjutors wore surplices."

As I have always seen the surplice worn on
Good Friday by the officiating minister, I should
be glad to learn whether this is an innovation
since 1775, or whether the gown was then used by
the Irish church only, of which Dr. Campbell was
a member. I am aware in the University in Pas-
sion Week only the reader in chapel wears his
surplice. J. H. L.

Play/ord. — Was Playford, who collected the
Musical Companion, a Norfolk man, or in any
way connected with that county ? Is anything
known of his descendants ? F. C. B.

The Style of Grace. — When was this style first
given to the Archbishops and to Dukes f J.

Munro. — What is the origin of the name Munro
or Monro ? It appears to be principally borne by
Scottish families, some of whom, I believe, con-
sider themselves of English extraction.

Mark Antont Lowee»

Lewes.

Zomax, or Lomas Family. — What is known of
the origin of the name and family of Lomax, or
Lomas ? Mark, ANTC«nr Loweb.

Lewes.

William Dunkin, D. D, — Can any of your cor-
respondents give the dates of the birth and death*
of William Dunkin, the friend and collaborateur
of Swift, and author of various poems and epistles
which were published in 2 vols. 4to. about the
year 1774 ? W. J. F.

Owenson the Player. — I have heard from a gen-
tleman now in his eighty-ninth year that he well
remembers Owenson, the father of Lady Morgan,
acting the part of Captain O'Cutter in Colman's
comedy of the Jealous Wife, with infinite humour
and success, about the year 1789. What other
characters used Owenson to sustain besides Major
O'Flaherty in the West Indian, Sir Lucius O'
Trigger in The Rivals, and Teague in The Com-
mittee f Any information about Owenson would
be very acceptable. Eblana.

Writers loho have been bribed to Silence was a
subject started in "N. & Q." nearly two years ago,

[* Ob. Nov. 24, 1765.— Ed.]

but it seems to have hung fire. May I be per-
mitted to revive it by directing attention to a
statement made in Timperley's Cyclopcedia to the
effect that Mary Anne Clarke received 10,000/.,
and an annuity of 600Z., for suppressing a work of
hers of which 10,000 copies had been printed !
Plowden, in his History of Ireland, and Curran
in his Sketches of the Irish Bar, insinuate that
one of Sir Jonah Barrington's historical works
was silenced by the government with a bribe.

W. J. F.

John Phipps. — Wanted, information regarding
John Phipps, author of MS. comedies. The Con-
trasts, The Important Discovery, The Sycophant.
These pieces were sold as part of the Duke of
Roxburgh's library in 1812. Z. A.

" Decanatus Christianitatis." — On the map of
the diocese of Worcester attached to the Valor
Ecclesiasticus, temp. Hen. VIII., the south-wes-
tern quarter of Warwickshire, apparently nearly
corresponding to the hundred of Barlichway, is
tinted as a separate ecclesiastical division, and
bears the above inscription, by which I under-
stand the Deanery of Christianity. Can any of
your readers suggest the reason of so strange a
designation ? J. S.

Major Thomas. — A gallant officer, Majpr
George Powell Thomas, of the 3rd European
Regiment, died from the effects of wounds re-
ceived in battle before Agra, 1857. It is said he
was the son of an old Indian officer, the late
Major-General Lewis Thomas, C. B.

From which of the many families of Thomas
were these heroes descended ? G. L. T.

" Death of the Fox.''' — Can any one inform me
whether Sir Walter Scott composed a song on
the " Death of the Fox," and whether this song
was sung in Edinburgh at a Pitt dinner? Can
the song be found ? G. F.

Seal of SS. Serge and Baccus. — I should be
glad to know where I can meet with any en-
graving or sketch of the seal used by the monas-
tery of SS. Serge and Baccus in France. I
have a deed with the seal attached, but it is some-
what damaged ; and I am anxious to know the
entire legend, as also some minutiae of detail,
which are destroyed in my specimen.

William Henby Hart.

Folkestone House, Eoupell Park, Streatham.

Goethe's Clavigo.—ln the (Old) Monthly Mag-
azine for 1834, vol. xviii., there is a translation of
Goethe's Clavigo by A. T. Who was the trans-
lator ? Z. A.

" The Sack of Baltimore."— Many of your cor-
respondents have, doubtless, read that beautiful
ballad, " The Sack of Baltimore," by Thomas

416

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»* S. VIII. Nov. 19. '69.

Davis. I understand it is founded on fact. In a
note, p. 626., Div. iii. of Wright's History of
Ireland, it is related " That in the preceding
summer (1631) the Turks had landed on the
coast of Cork, attacked Baltimore, and carried
away about a hundred of the inhabitants into
slavery."

Now, in reference to this ballad I would feel
obliged by some kind correspondent's Notes to
the following Queries : —

1. What was the Christian name of the O'
Driscol, whose daughter, according to the poet,
" was chosen for the Dey."

2. What amount of truth is in the following
lines ? —

" She's safe — he's dead— she stabbed himjn the midst
of his Serai ;
And when to die a death of fire that noble maid they

bore.
She only smiled — O'Driscol's child — she thought of
Baltimore 1"

Theta.

Dates of Early Plays. — Can you inform me
whether there is any rule by which an undated
early play can be placed ? There are some in
such case, the type of which is as old, the
printers as ancient, and the general appearance as
crumbly and tattered as heart can wish, and yet
the first dated edition is set before them. N. D.

Grossetestes " Castle of Love." — Will some of
your intelligent readers throw a light upon the
following lines in the Castle of Love, by Grosse-
teste, reprinted by Mr. Halliwell, 1849, p. 62. : —

" For from the rode- for oure nede,
Ey3ht into helle he 5ede;
Fourty times ther he wes,
Er that he to aryse ches ;
3et he rose up on the thridde day,
Erli in the marnyng on a Sonday."

Can it mean that for the forty days before the
Ascension Our Lord daily visited and preached to
the souls in prison ? George OrroB.

Colonel Brett. — I am much in want of some
particulars concerning Colonel Brett, a well-
known celebrity at the beginning of the last
century. He was the friend and contemporary
of Cibber, Addison, and Steele, and is mentioned
in the Tutler by the sobriquet of Colonel Ramble.
It is almost needless to add that he married
Anne Countess of Macclesfield, after her divorce
from the Earl. Oxoniensis.

Bishop Hurd. — The Ecclesiastical and Uni-
versity Annual Register for 1809 contains a well-
written sketch of Bishop nurd's life, with a short,
but candid and judicious critique on his works.

Query. By whom was this written ?

My suspicions point to the Rev. Dr. Lucas,
Rector of Ripple, near Worcester, who married
the bishop's niece. To him has also been ascribed

a spirited pamphlet in defence of the bishop
against Dr. Parr's attack in the Preface to his re-
publication of Tracts by Warburton and a War-
burtonian.

Can any reader of " N. & Q." assist me in
tracing the authorship of these pieces to br. L.,
or any other person ? F. Kilvebt.

Bath.

Gray's Copy of Strypes Stowe. — When the
library of the poet Gray was sold in the year
1846, among many books which had their margins
filled with MS. notes in the hand of that eminent
person, who was as curious and minute in his
investigations as he was accurate and fastidious in
his compositions, was a copy of Stowe s Survey of
London, of the first edition by Strype, which was
sold for 14Z. 5s. In what public or private library
is this now to be found ? J. G. N.

Swans. — What are the names given to distin-
guish the male and female swan ? None of the
works on natural history that I have consulted
give this information. J. F.

[According to Yarrell, the distinguishing names of the
male and female swan are " Cob" and "Pen." — "In the
language of swanherds," [persons who have the charge of
swans] "the male swan is called a Cob, the female a
Pen." (^British Birds, ed. 1856, p. 228.) With this agrees
the Penny Cyclopaidia, art. Swan : — " Where, as it some-
times happens, the cob bird (male) of oneownermates with
a pen bird (female) belonging to another, the brood are di-
vided between the owners." In the " Ordinances respect-
ing swans in the Kiver Witham, co. Lincoln," a.d. 1524,
the male and female swan, with reference to their " sig-
nets," are styled " sire and dam." — Archceol. xvi. 156.

A friend who, both as a rower and an angler, is well
acquainted with the Thames above bridge, assures us
that as far up as Abingdon the male and female swan
are now called vernacularlj' " Tom " and " Jenny" and are
also distinguished as " Cock " and " Hen." Col. Hawker
applies to the male hooper or wild swan the term Gander.
" The old * gander ' was only winged." (^Instructions, ed.
1859, p. 269.) " M. Salerne dit . . . . que, quand on vent
faire venir le cygne h, soi, on rappellepodarrf." " Suivant
M. Frisch, on lui donne, en Alleraand, le nom Aa frank,"
[Franck?] " et il s'approche h. ce nom." (ButFon, art.
Cygne, notes.) Both terms, however, Godard and Franck,
appear in this case to be used as epicenes, i. e., without
reference to sex.]

VAbbaye de Quincy. — I have a copy of Le
Gueux, a duo. of more than 400 pages, bound in
the same original vellum with Le Voleur of 549
pages, published at Rouen in mdcxxxii., across
the title of which is written "Labbaye de Quincy."
I wish to ask where was this abbey, and was it
for monks or nuns ? Also were such books re-
cognised as suitable for the libraries of religious
houses ? I had an idea that the reading of the
inmates of such houses was very strictly confined
to religious, or at least eminently useful books,

2'>4 S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

41^

such as works on surgery and horticulture, and
that the superiors looked shyly even upon poetry.

N. J. A.
[We have no means of deciding whether this was the
Benedictine Abbey of Quin9ay, forrnerly Quincy, situate
in a valley a mile or two from Poitiers, or the Abbey of
Quincy in Champagne, which belonged to the order of
Citeaux, a branch of the Benedictines. Both Abbeys
were for monks, not nuns. " Quin^ay, Quinciacum, en

Poitou II y a une abbaye d'hommes, de I'ordre

de St. Benoit." (Expilly.) " Quintiacum . . . . vulgo
Quingay nuncupatur .... Filibertus Abbas . . . Quin-
tiacum Monasterium .... Monachis implevit." (Vale-
sius.) "Quincy, abbaye d'hommes, de I'ordre de Citeaux,
en Champagne, diocese de Langres." — Expilly.]

" Bobolink" and " Cocking an Eye." — What are
the meanings of "bobolink" and "cocking an
eye," met with in Mrs. Stowe's Minister's Woo-
ing f J. K. K.

[Bobolink, or Boblink (^Icterus agripe7inis), is a lively
little bird, so called in the eastern and northern states
from its notes. It is highly esteemed by epicures. W.
Irving says, " The happiest bird of our spring is the
Bobolink. This is the chosen season of revelry for him.
He comes amidst the pomp and fragrance of the season ;
his life seems all sensibility and enjoyment, all song and
sunshine." — Wolfert's Boost. But the epithet is some-
times used to denote an idler or loafer, " Cocking an

eye " must be left a Query. 1

Srass at West Herling. — In the parish church
of West Herling in the Hundred of Giltcross in
this county there is a brass inserted in a flat stone
monumental slab in the aisle with this inscrip-
tion : —

" Orate pro animabus Willi. Berdewell, Armigeri, et
Elizabethe uxoris ejus unius filiarum Edmundi Wych-
ynghara, et pro quibus tenentur, quorum animabus propici-
etur Deus."

I am unable to decypher the meaning of the
words in italics, and should be obliged to any
of your correspondents who will explain their
meaning. John P. Boileau.

Ketteringham Park, Wymondham.

[The passive verb teneor appears to be here employed
in the sense of being bound, or under obligation, as in the
phrase lege teneri, " to be bound by law." " Pray for the
souls of William Berdewell, &c., and [pray for the souls of
those] _/br whom they are bound [to pray], to whose souls
may God be propitious I " May not this mean, Pray not
only for the souls of the parties themselves, but for the
souls of those for whom it was their duty, while living,
to pray, e. g. parents, benefactors, &c.]

The Princess Borghese. — I require for a little
work I have in hand some particulars of the
death of the Princess Borghese (daughter of the
Earl of Shrewsbury), who died suddenly of fever
at Rome about, I think, 1846. I have been in-
formed that a memoir of the Princess was issued
at the time, but have not been able to meet with
it. W. S.

[The Princess Borghese died at Rome in December,
1840, on which occasion was publishecf a i^wneraZ Oration,
delivered at the Solemn Obsequies of the Lady Gwenda-

line Talbot, Princess Borghese, in the church of S. Charles
in the Corso, Dec. 23, 1840, by C. M. Baggs, D.D., Rome,
8vo. 1841. Also another pamphlet entitled Sur La Mart
Prematuree de Lady Gwendoline Catherine Talbot, Prin-
cesse Borghese, par Le R. P. Marie-Joseph De G^ramb,
Abbe et Procureur- General de la Trappe, Paris, 8vo,
1840. Both pamphlets are in the British Museum.]

Moly and Colomhine. — In the twenty -sixth
Sonnet of Spenser, after enumerating the sweets
and ills of six plants, he continues : —

" Sweet is the broome-flowre, but yet sowre enough ;
And sweet is moly, but his root is ill."
In another place the usual word Columbine as
applied to the flower, is spelt Cullambine. Bine
is clear as its most appropriate termination ; but
what has Cullam to do with the flower ? and what
is the plant, tree or flower, called Moly f W. P.

[ Columbine comes from Columba, pigeon, because when
the outer petals of the flower are picked off the remain-
der presents an extraordinary resemblance to a pigeon.

The Moly (^i^mK.v') " that Hermes once to wise Ulysses
gave " to preserve him from the charms of Circe is de-
scribed in the Odyssey (x. 304.) as having a black root,
and a flower as white as milk. ]

" Soul is form and doth the body make." — In
what part of Spenser's Works is the following line
to be found ? I wish to see the context, and can-
not hit upon the line, " Soul is form and doth the
body make." W. P.

[It is in the Hymn in Honour of Beautie, v. 133.]

Portrait : K. B. 32. — I have an excellent por-
trait of a young officer of Marines (I think) who
served at the siege of Gibraltar, 1782. He is
leaning on a brass gun, upon the carriage of which
is marked K. B. 32. If you can tell me what this
means, perhaps I can at once tell who it is. Is it
Knight * of the Bath, No. 32. ? or is it the num-
ber and character of the gun ? for instance a 32-
pounder. H. Banfield.

[Viewed in connexion with the siege of Gibraltar, we
apprehend that the gun-mark, " K. B. 32," must be taken
to signify a 32-pounder belonging to the King's Bastion,
" From the grand battery, along the sea-line, the town is
defended by the North, Montague's, Prince of Orange's,
King's, and South bastions. Montague's, Prince of
Orange's, and King's bastions have been erected lately.
The latter is a very complete piece of fortification, com-
manding the bay from New to Old Mole heads, and
mounting twelve 32-pounders," &c. Drinkwater's Hist,
of the Siege of Gibraltar, ed. 1785, p. 27.]

Four Kings. — I have in my collection of Green-
wich Hospital portraits one of Matthew Lord
Aylmer, sometime governor of that noble insti-
tution, and on it is " Matthew Ailmer who en-
tertained the Four Kings on board the Royal
Sovereign, 1710." Who were the four kings ?

R. H. S.

[The newspapers merely give the locale of the Four
Kings, as their family names would doubtless puzzle the

♦ When was this Order instituted?

418

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<» S. YIII. Nov. 19. '59^

penny-a-liners of that time. The Post-Mem of April 20-
22, 1710, informs us, that "The four Indian kings, or
chiefe, of the five nations of Indians lying between New
England, New York, Canada, or New France, who ar-
rived here some days ago, had on Wednesday last their
public audience of Her Majesty in great cei-emony,
being conducted thereunto in two of Her Majesty's
coaches by Sir Charles Cotterel, Master of the Ceremonies.
They went yesterday to Greenwich, and were entertained
on board one of Her Majesty's yachts." They sailed from
Plymouth in the " Dragon^" on May 7, 1710.]

Prince Ruperfs Arms and Crest — Can you
favour me with the arms and crest of Prince Ru-
pert ? T. II. Bbiggs.

[Arms, quarterly; 1st and 4th sa. a lion rampant or;
2nd and 3rd paly bendy arg. and az. — Heylyn's Help to
English History, ed. 1773, p. 212. No crest is given.]

MALABAR JEWS.

(2°« S. iv. 429. ; viii. 232.)

Vols. vi. and ix. of the Works, published by the
Zealand Society of Sciences, are now before me :
but the fulness of matter, treated in 's Grave-
zande's Disquisitions, precludes me from giving
anything like an extract. I must limit myself
to the correction of such errors concerning the
Malabar Jews as, through misinformation, have
appeared in your pages.

Hamilton says that this Jewish community —

" Have a synagogue at Couchin, not far from the king's
palace, about two miles from the city, in which are care-
fully kept their records, engraven on copper plates in
Hebrew characters; and when any of the characters
decay, they are new cut, so that they can show their
own history from the reign of Nebuchadnezzar to the
present time."

This is not the case. The Jews residing in
Cochim already in the year 1686, had but a very
confused notion of their own history, and this
because the plundering Portuguese of 1662 had
made away with the book named The Book of
the Upright (not that of Jasher, Joshua x. 13.^
2 Sam. i. 18., but Sepher Haynsar), in which also
was written from whence " the last great multi-
tude of people descended, that came over in the
4250th year of the Creation," a.b. 489. The
copper plates Hamilton refers to are the letters
patent, in which regal privileges were granted to
Joseph Rabby by the Malabar emperor Erawi
Manwara. In Moens's (not Moonis's) time this
piece of antiquity, of which a facsimile is given in
the Works of the Zealand Society (vol. vi. facing
p. 540.), was kept in the synagogue of the White
Jews, a quarter of an hour's walk from Cochim.
The j>atent is neither written in Hebrew, nor in
Hebrew characters ; these, as well as the lan-
guage, are a mixture of the old Malabar, the
Tamul, and the Tulingan tongues.

Hamilton's account of brass chronicles of the
Malabar Jews induced Mr. John Collet, of New-
bury in Berkshire, to address himself by two
letters, of June 24th, 1753, and Jan. i2th, 1754,
to his old Lejden friend and college»fello\v Mr.
Job Raster at Zierikzee, requesting him to have
inquiries made from Zealand regarding the Jews
residing at Cochim. To these letters he, in 1754,
added a third, written in Hebrew, and with an
English translation appended, which he wanted to
be forwarded to the Jews aforesaid. As, how-
ever, to this letter no reply was given, Mr. A.
's Gravezande, some twenty years later, translated
the English version of the same into Dutch, and
had it taken to Cochim, with some questions ex-
tracted from Collet's correspondence. The effects
of this epistle were remarkable; 's Gravezande
tells us (/. c. vi. p. 586.) : —

" It is a fact worthy of notice, that as Mr. Moens (the
then Governor of Malabar), distinctly and in an affecting
manner read the letter, I mentioned to the most distin-
guished Jews of Cochim, whom he had assembled for tha
purpose, and had come to the part which regarded the
promise of their deliverance and restitution, they all,
partly from joy and partlj' from emotion, began to cry so
bitterly, that the reader himself was at great pains to
keep his countenance. It indeed is hard to say what
signs of agitation were to be read from their features.
So much so, that when the lecture Avas over they wrung
their hands and looked each other in the iiice with con-
fusion, continually uttering their joy for the letter which
Collet had written."

'S Gravezande concludes with th« prayer,. —

"Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Ziont
When God bringeth back the captivity of His people,
Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad." — Ps. liii. 6.

A somewhat similar scene was witnessed by Mr.
Moens on October the 15th, 1779, subsequently
to his public lecture of 's Gravezande's Historical
Account (Geschiedkundige Nariehten) to members
of the same Cochim community : —

"After having said that he had presented the JewisBr
Synagogue in that place with the imprint of the copper
plates, Moens thus proceeds ; —

" ' I, at the same time, intended to give them a tran-
script of your Rev.'s Account, but wanted first to try
whether they should not desire this out of their own
accord. For that reason I read it at my house to the
most notable of them, and explained it as clearly as pos-
sible — and I had the satisfaction to see that they, as it
were, gaped the words out of my mouth ; that some of
them surrounded me and nearly crushed me, in order to
look into the work itself, and that sundry others, with a
faint murmur, now rubbing and then lifting np their
hands, were engaged in a very animated conversation:
and I must confess that I was" greatly moved by their
doings. When they had thus heard everything, and I, in
my way, had still addressed a few cordial words to the
meeting, reminding them, by the bye, of what is said in
Hosea iii. 4, 5 *, they partly began to weep and partly to
sob, in which condition they took their leave.'

* " For the children of Israel shall abide many days
without a king, and without a prince, and without a
sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod,
and without teraphim.

2«* S. VIII. Nov. m '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

419

" But, some days afterwards, they sent one of theirs to
me, begging for a copy of what I had read to them, which
I accordingly gave."

As somewhat akin to the above, I make free
still to add a transcript from Diary of a Tour
through Southern India, Egypt, and Palestine in
the Years 1821-22, by a Field- Officer of Cavalry
(8vo. pp. 366., Lond. 1823, Hatchard and Son).
I have it from the Literary Gazette for 1823,
p. 664. : —

" The black Jews are supposed to be the descendants of
proselytes made to Judaism on the first settlements of
white Jews in the country; but nothing certain seems
to be known concerning them : they still exist in large
numbers along the Malabar coast, from the ruins of
the Synagogue we returned to the Church ; and there,
while Mr. Fenn was speaking to the Syrians, I had a
long and interesting conversation with Moses, in the
Portuguese language, of which, fortunately, he under-
stood a little. The sum of what he told me was, that the
Jews, those at least who had studied the Sacred Writings,
all agreed that the 53d chapter of Isaiah related to the
Messiah ; that the accounts given of Jesus of Nazareth
exactly correspond with the description of him given
therein : but that there is one material point in which
he fails, which is, that having publicly declared He came
to fulfil the law of Moses, He nevertheless permitted his
followers to dispense with the rite of circumcision, and to
change the day of the Sabbath, — acts which positively
violated the law of Moses ; and such, therefore, as the
true Messiah would never have allowed. This was, he
said, the common opinion of the Jews ; but he admitted
that, for his own part, the undeniable conformity of Jesus
to the predicted Messiah, the long and dreadful disper-
sion and suflferings of the Jews, and the present returning
kindness of the nations towards them, in seeming con-
formity with the time pointed out in the prophecies of
the 1260 days ; all combined to throw his mind into an
indescribable state of ferment. He almost believed — but
then the unaccountable change of the most holy Sabbath-
day ! He allowed the total confusion of tribes, so that, if
Messiah were yet to come, He could not be known to be of
the tribe of Judah, unless b^ a miracle. Still he thought
God would perhaps vouchsafe a miracle to restore the iden-
tity of families and tribes, and that this was a general belief
among his brethren. He says he has read the New Tes-
tament with attention, and thinks it a most excellent
work ; but if its accounts had been true, how was it pos-
sible that so many thousands of Israelites, living witnesses
of the miracles therein related, could yet refuse to believe,
and even punish the supposed Messiah with death ? I
have purposely abstained from recapitulating the argu-
ments usually employed against what Moses Azarphati
advanced, as they are well known to every Christian of
common intelligence, who has at all studied the grounds
of his own belief; but I thought it might not be unin-
teresting to know from the fountain head what the Jews
think and say for themselves ; and Moses is really a fair
specimen of the most liberal among them."

The second error I have to correct is, that the
piece of wood now kept in the Zealand Society's
Museum is inscribed inazarrexivde, the letters
inverted, and to be read from left to right, as if
they were types composed for printing. It was

" Afterward shall the children of Israel return and seek
the Lord their God, and David their king : and shall fear
the Lord and His goodness in the latter days."

supposed to be the remainder of a Romish crucifix
erected by the Portuguese before the year 1662,
when Cranganore was taken from them by the
Dutch. The manner in which the letters are
placed makes us surmise that the Roman Catholic
priests hit upon this invention as more likely to
attract the Hebrew-reading eyes of their Jewish
Malabar subjects.

I dare say Dr. Todd will be pleased to hear
that there exists a Portuguese pamphlet, 15 pages
in 4to., containing an account about some Jews
who, having left Amsterdam in November, 1685,
had been on the continent of Cochim from No-
vember the 21st to November the 25 th, 1686, and
had been received and treated, there in a very
kind and solemn way. This happened under
Commander Vosburg. The title is, Notisias dos
Judeos de Cochim, mandadas por Mosseh Pereyra
de Paiva, Acuya Custa se imprimirao. Em Am-
sterdam, Estampado em caza de Vry Levy em 9
de Ilul, 5447 (being our year 1687). Preceded
by the imprimatur of Ishack Aboab.

Though small, this little book gives much in-
formation regarding the Cochim Jews of that
time, as for instance, —

" The situation of both the place of abode and the Sy-
nagogue ; A List of the Heads of Families ; The Condition
of the people at that Period ; The number of Families in
sundry quarters of the Town ; Their History, Religious
Customs, principal Learned Men or Chachams ; A Trans-
lation of the Privilege accorded by Cheram Perimal
\_sic'] ; The Replies to about 50 Questions, concerning
their Rituals ; with their opinions and conduct in the
case of the famous Impostor or false Messiah, Sabathai
Sevi : of whom they know nothing else but that, at the
time when he was said to be Messiah, the Commander of
Cochim had received his portrait, to which no one of
them had shown any respect, and that, not very long
afterwards, they had been informed by way of Mecca
that Sevi had suffered himself to be made Turk."

See A. 's Gravezande, in the Zealand Society's
Worhs, vi. p. 524. and note (11.).

As an appendix I, inquiringly, copy the follow-
ing from the Literary Gazette for 1832, p. 733.: —

"The Jews. — It is stated in tYiQ Anglo- Germanic Ad-
vertiser (but we know not if on sufiicient authority, or
merely a rumour picked up from an eastern ( I ) attendant
at Leipsic fair), that the descendants of the lost ten tribes
of Israel are to be found in Li Bucharia. They are said to
amount to ten millions, to speak the language of Thibet,
to observe the rite of circumcision, to keep the Kipour,
and to have readers and elders like the original Jewish
people."

J. H. VAN Lennep.

Zeyst,~near Utrecht,
Oct. 29, 1859.

TITLES CONFERRED BT OLIVER CROMWEIX.

(2°'> S. vii. 476. 518. ; viii. 382.)

At the end of a small work. The Perfect Politi-
cian ; or a full View of the Life and Actions (Mili'
tary and Civil) of O. Cromwell, 12mo., London,

420

NOTES AND QtJERIES.

[2°«iS.Vm. Nov. 19.'59,

1660, we have the following " Catalogue of
Honours conferr'd on several Persons by Oliver
Cromwell, Lord Protector, in the time of his
Government" : —

"His Privie Council.

Henry Lawrence, Lord President.

Lieut.-Gen. Fleetwood.

Mtyor-Gen Lambert.

Philip Lord Lisle.

Nathaniel Fiennes, Commissioner of the Great Seal.

John Desbrow, ) Qenerals-at-Sea.

Jiidward Mountague, j
-^ Sir Gilbert Pickering.
Sir Charles Wolsley.
Col. William Sydenham.
Edmund Earl of Mulgrave.
Walter Strickland, Esq.
Philip Skippon, Major-Gen.
Col. Philip Jones.
Richard Major, Esquire.
Francis Rouse, Esquire.
. John Thurloe, Secretary of State.

The Members of the other House, alias House of Lords.

1. Lord Richard Cromwel.

2. Lord Henry Cromwel, Deputy of Ireland.

3. Nathaniel Fiennes, | Commissioners of the Great

4. John Lisle, j Seal.

5. Henry Lawrence, President of the Privie Council.

6. Charles Fleetwood, Lieut.-Gen. of the Armie.

7. Robert Earl of Warwick.

8. Edmund Earl of Mulgrave.

9. Edward Earl of Manchester.

10. William Lord Viscount Say and Seal.

11. Philip Lord Viscount Lisle.

"T^ 12. Charles Lord Viscount Howard, -fo Oh^ 6y Oyay^Utdt

13. Philip Lord Wharton. ' ^

14. Thomas Lord Faulconb ridge.

15. George Lord Evers.

16. John Claypole, Esq.

17. John Desbrow, \ r.p„p„_,„ .^ c..

18. Edward Montague, ) generals at &ea.

y- 19. Bulstrode Whitlock. | Commissioners of the Trea-

20. William Sydenham, j sury.

21. Sir Charles Wolsley.
— 22. Sir Gilbert Pickering.

23. Walter Stricklan(i, Esquire.

24. Philip Skippon, Esq"^.

25. Francis Rous, Esq^

26. John Jones, Esq'.

27. Sir William Strickland.

28. John Fiennes, Esq^

29. Sir Francis Russel.

30. Sir Thomas Honywood.

31. Sir Arthur Haslerigge.

32. Sir John Hobart.

33. Sir Richard Onslow.

34. Sir Gilbert Gerrard.

35. Sir William Roberts.

3?: Si>er^sl°John,} Chief Justices of both Benches.

38. William Pierrepoint, Esquire.

39. John Crew, Esq'.

40. Alexander Popham, Esq'.

41. Philip Jones, Esq'.

42. Sir Christopher Packe.

43. Sir Robert Tichborn.

44. Edm. Whalley, Com. Gen.

45. Sir John Barkstead, Lieut, of the Tower.

46. Sir Tho. Pride.

47. Sir George Fleetwood,

49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
64.
55.
66.
67.
58.
59.
60.
GL
62.

William Goff, Es
Thomas Cooper, Esq'.

Sir John Huson.
Richard Ingoldsby.
James Berrv, Esq'.
^ ■" Esq'.
r, Es _
Edmund Thomas, Esq'.
George Monke, Gen. in Scotland.
David Earl of Cassils.
Sir William Lockhart.
Archibald Johnston of Wareston.
William Steel, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
Roger Lord Broghill.
Sir Matthew Tomlinson.
William Lenthall, Master of the Rolls.
Richard Hampden, Esq'.

Commissioners of the Great Seal and their Officers.
Nathaniel Fiennes. John Lisle.
William Lenthal, Master of the Rolls.

Officers attending.
Henry Middleton, Serjeant-at-Arms.
"M'. Brown. M'. Dove.
Judges of both Benches.
•John Glyn, Lord Chief Justice.
Peter Warburton, ) j j f ^^^ ^pper Bench.
Richard Nudigate, j ^^

Oliver St. John, Lord Chief Justice, and
Edward Atkins, ■)

Matthew Heale, V Justices of the Common Pleas.
Hugh Windhara,J

His Barons of the Exchequer.

Robert Nicholas. John Parker, and

Roger Hill.

Serjeant-at-Lau).
Erasmus Earl.
Attorney - General.
Edmund Prideaux,
Solicitor.
William Ellis.
Serjeants-at-law, called by him to the Barre.
Richard Pepes, 25 January, 1653.
Thomas Fletcher, 25 January, 1653.
Matthew Hale, 25 January, 1653.
William Steel, 9 Februarj% 1053.
John Maynard, 9 February, 1653.
Richard Nudigate, 9 February, 1653.
Thomas Twisden, 9 February, 1653.
Hugh Windham, 9 February, 1653.
Uiiton Crook, 21 June, 1654.
John Parker, 21 of June, 1654,
Roger Hill, 28 of June, 1654.
William Shepard, 25 October, 1656.
John Fountain, 27 November, 1656.

Viscounts.

Charles Howard of Glisland in Cumberland, created
Baron Glisland, and Lord Viscount Howard of Morpeth,
the 20th of July, 1657.

Baronets.

John Read, Esq., of Bocket Hall, in Hertfordshire,
created Baronet the 25 of June, 1656.

John Claypole, Esq., created Baronet the 16 of July,
1657.

Thomas Chamberlayn, of Wickham, Esq., made a
Baronet the 6th of October, 1657.

Thomas Beaumont, of Staugh ton-Grange, in Leices-
tershire, Esq., created March 5, 1657.

John Twisleton, Esq., of Horesman's Place, in Dartford,

2°'i S. Vlir. Nov. 19. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

421

in the countv of Kent, created Baronet of the same,
March 24, 1657.

Henry Ingoldsby, Esq., created 31 of March, 1658.

Henrv Wright, of Dagenhams, in Essex, Esq., created
Baronet March 31, 1658.

Edmund Dunch, Esquire, of East Wittenham, in Berk-
shire, created Baron of the same place, April 26, 1658.

Griffith Williams, Esq., of Carnarvon, made a Baronet
the 28 of May, 1658.

Knights, when and where made.

Sir Thomas Viner, Lord Mayor of London, at Grocers'
Hall, Feb. 8, 1653.

Sir John Copleston, at White Hall, June 1, 1655.

Sir John Reynolds, at White Hall, June 11, 1655.

Sir Christopher Pack, Lord Mayor of London, at
Whitehall, Septemb. 20, 1655.

Sir Thomas Pride, at Whitehall, Jan. 17, 1655.

Sir John Barkstead, at Whitehall, Jan. 19, 1665.

Sir Kichard Combe, at Whitehall, Aug. 1656.

Sir John Dethick, Lord Mayor of London, at Whitehall,
Sept. 15, 1656.

Sir George Fleetwood, of Bucks.

Sir William Lockhart, at Whitehall, Dec. 10.

Sir James Calthrop, of Suffolk.

Sir Robert Tichborn, Lord Mayor of London, and Sir
Lislebone Long, Recorder, December 15.

Sir James Whitlock, at Whitehall, January^ 6.

Sir Thomas Dickeson, of York, March 3, 1656.

Sir Richard Stainer, at Whitehall, June 11, 1657.

Sir John Claypole, Baronet, at Whitehall, Julv 16,
1657.

Sir William Wheeler, at Hampton Court, Aug. 26,
1657,

Sir Edward Ward, of Norfolk, at Whitehall, No-
vember 2.

" Sir Thomas Andrews, Alderman of London, at White-
hall, November 14.
* Sir Thomas Foot, Alderman "i

Sir Thomas Atkin, Alderman VDec. 5.

Sir John Huson, Colonel J

Sir James Drax, at White Hall, Jan. 6.
», Sir Henrv Pickering) „., •, ^ u i? u i

Sir Philip Twisleton } ^ ^'t«^^"' ^^^- ^-

Sir John Lenthal, at Whitehall, March 9.

Sir John Ireton, Alderman of London.

Sir Henry Jones, at Hampton Court, July 17, 1658."
" Sic transit Gloria Mundi."

H. E.

S&i-S.S^O

r

SaUARING THE CIRCLK.

(2"-' S. viii. 291.)

Eighteen years have elapsed since I first saw
tlie words, " Sator arepo tenet opera rotas," which
were presented to me, as a " crux," by a member
of the University of Cambridge. I believe the
translation (if any) to be, " The sower holds the
wheels; the sower holds the works." I was informed
that '' tenet " is to be twice introduced, in render-
ing the passage into English. I have consulted
Riddle's Latin and English Dictionary, and cannot
find therein " arepo " as a word, nor can I find
" arepus" or " arepum," of either of which words
it might be corssidered the ablative case. " Ke-
pus " or " repum " does not exist in the Latin
language, as far as my limited experience serves.
I believe that " arepo " is " opera " reversed, and

that the word has been introduced merely to
" square the circle." I need not say that I shall
be very glad to see in print a satisfactory solution
of what has hitherto been unintelligible to me.

Another example of squaring the circle is given
in the words " Silo princeps fecit," which is
doubtless familiar to many of your readers.

MUTO QuADBATA RoTtJNDIS.

Perhaps the following may throw some light on
this question. H. B.

Five letters squared, and reading not only forwards
and backwards, but upwards and downwards, are certainly
a great "fact accomplished." The artist, it is clear, was
not only ingenious, but sly. There is an apparent diffi-
culty, only apparent, in the second line, arepo, which is
not a Latin word ; and though it may be resolved into
either "k repo," or "hre po," or "are po" (taking "po," as
once it stood, for populo), neither of these is a very satis-
factory solution. In order, then, to get at the " true
interpretation," I shall beg leave, in the first place, to
deploy our solid square, and draw it ou£ in line. It will
then stand thus : —

" Sator arepo tenet opera rotas ;"
which I take to be two interrogatives : —

" Sat orare poten' ? et opera rotas ? "
For the interpretation whereof it must be premised that I
view " sat," not in its ordinary import, sufficiently, but in
its occasional signification of well, properly ("non sat
scio," I do not well know ; " non satis intelligebam," I
did not properly understand) ; while " poten' " we take
for /wfesne (as r /re', scin', for visne, scisne). Moreover in
the second half of the line we take the " et " to be the et
admirantis or iiidignantis, which often commences a ques-
tion (" Et vos acta Caesaris defenditis ? " " Et causam
dicit Sextius devi?"): "Opera "we understand in its
medieval sense of Church Services (" Opus Dei, sacra li-
turgia "), and " rotas " in its mediaeval sense of gabbling
(" Rotare, Effutire celeri et incurioso sermone . . . ' Quas-
dam resonantium sermunculorum taureas rotant ' "). The
whole passage, then, may be viewed as an expostulation
addressed to some ecclesiastical personage, possibly to the
unconscious minister (in 1614) of the identical church
where the inscription was fastened against a pew ; and its
literal signification will be —

"Canst thou pray aright? and gabbiest thou the
Services ? "
In other words, —

" Can that be a proper way of offering prayer, and j'ou
rattling on at such a rate ? " or, " How can you pray
aright, when j'ou thus gabble the Services ? "

I must not conclude without offering a farther sug-
gestion. The square now before us, 5x5, has this pecu-
liarity, that, after a fashion, it contains in itself a date ;
namely, the same date that stands above it, 1614. Of the
five-and-twenty letters composing the square, twelve are
vowels, and thirteen are consonants. Taking, as it stood
in mediaeval times, the numerical value of all these
letters, that is, S as 7, A as 500, &c., the total would be
4908, which is far too high. But take the consonants
only. S occurs twice, T four times, R four times, P twice,
N once. What, in mediaeval days, were their numerical
values ?

" Ebdomadae specie S suscipit ordine septem."

" T quoque centenos et sexaginta tenebit."

" Octoginta facit numerum quae dicitur hsec R."

*' P similem cum G numerum monstratur habere."

(« G. autem 400 designat.")

422

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2n«» S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59.

" N nonaginta capit, quas sic caput esse videtur."

Du Cange. '

That is, S = 7, T = 160, R = 80, P = 400, N = 90.

2S= 7x2= 14

4 T = 160 X 4 = 640

4 R = 80 X 4 = 320

• 2 P = 400 X 2 = 800

N = 90 X 1 = 90

Total - - 1864

Tiiis last total, 1864, is still above the mark ; but stay.
POTESNB being excluded as not squaring, and poten' in-
troduced instead, we get one E the less. What is the
numerical value of E ?

" E quoque ducentos at quinquaginta tenebit " (250).

Du Cange (1733).

From 1864, then, deduct 250 for the E left out, and the
remainder is just 1614 — the very date required, as it is
seen topping the diagram itself.

With regard to the two letters which flatik the square,
E and R, these might be taken, were the date twelve
years earlier, as standing for Her sometime Majesty of
glorious memory, Elizabetha Regina. Possibly they are

the initials of some Rev. E R , then officiating in

the church of Great Gidding, who little dreamed that, in
permitting an ingenious device to be put up against one
of the pews, he was bequeathing to posterity a covert
memorial of his own bad reading.

It must be confessed that, with respect to its latinity,
the style of this inscription is somewhat constrained —
hardly sufficiently fluent. But surely the marvel is, that
the composer should have succeeded in connecting any
meaning whatever with a verbal complication, of which
the mere mechanical construction must have cost him so
much time and trouble. I ought to add that a ftftad
is disposed to view arepo as a cognomen, and would
-ender the passage thus : —

" The sower Arepo holds the wheels in hia •work."

To your readers I leave the decision.

STIPEENATTJEALS AT THE BATTLES Or CLAVIJO
AND PEAGUE.

(2»« S. viii. 171.)

I do not know which is the best account of St.
James's support to the Spaniards at the battle of
Clavijo, but presume that none is better than
Mariana's. The battle was fought in the year
844. At the end of the first day the Spaniards
had the worst of it. In the night St. James ap-
peared to King Ramirez and promised his support
on the morrow. The king told his vision to the
troops, and ^ave the signal for fighting. They
charged furiously and shook the Moors : —

" El apostel Santiago fu visto en un cavallo bianco, y
con una vandera blanca, y en medio della una Cruz roxa,
que capitaneava nuestra gente. Con su vista crecieron a
los nuestros las fuerzas; los Barbaros de todo punto des-
Jnayados, se pusieron en huida. Executaron los Cris-
tianos el alcance ; degollaron sesenta mil moros."

A vow of King Ramirez is [then stated, and
certain charges on land set out, and, —

" Anadieron otrosi en esto voto quse para siempre,
quando los despojos de los enemigos se repartieseu San-

tiago se contasse por un soldado de a cavallo, y levasse su
parte. Pero este con el tiempo se ha desusado." — Mari-
ana, Historia de Espana, lib. vii. c. 13. Madrid. 1679.
i. 276.

Mrs. Jameson (Sacred and Legendary Art, p.
139.) gives 903 as the date of the battle. I do
not know on what authority.

" Mais de toutes les merveilles arriv^es en ce temps-1^,
il n'y en eut point de plus memorable par ses suites, que
celle que je vais raconter, et qui pr^ceda immediatement
la battaille de Prague. La nuit avant ce fameux combat,
quelques soldats her^tiques de garde h, la porte de I'Eglise
Metropolitaine, s'etant apper9us qu'il y paroissoit une lu-
miere extraordinaire, eurent la curiosite d'examiner par
les fentes de la porte ce que s'y passoit. L'Eglise leur
parut toute en feu ; et deja ils alloient sonner I'alarme,
pour appeller du secours, lorsqu'un nouveau spectacle
s'ofFrit k leurs j-eux, et leur fit connoitre, que ce feu qu'ils
apper9evoient, n'avoit rien de la nature des feux ordi-
nal res.

"C'etoit trois hommes respectables et tout resplen-
dissans de gloire, dont I'un revetu d'un surplis, et d'une
robe longue, etoit habille comme le font les chanoines de
Prague: ces trois premieres furent joints h, I'heure meme
par trois autres personnes e'galement eclatantes de lu-
miere. Tous six apres avoir confer^ quelque terns en-
semble, se separerent et disparurent aux yeux des sol-
dats, qui frapp^s d'un spectacle si marveilleux, et si
effrayant tout ensemble, abandonnerent leur poste et
allerent r^pandre dans toute la ville la nouvelle de ce
qui etoit arrivd Le bruit passa bientot dans I'armee
Protestante, campe k un quart de lieu de Prague, et
de-1^, par le moyen de quelques deserteurs, dans celle de
catholiques, qui n'en etoit pas fort ^loign^e. Tous rai-
sonnerent sur le prodige. Les Protestans n'en auguroient
rien de favorable pour eux. Les Catholiques, au con-
'traire, cruerent y decouvrir une preuve certaine de la
protection des bien henreux Patrons de la Boheme, et en
particulier du Saint Martyr Jean Nepomucene, que les
soldats avoient distingu^ dans I'apparition." — Marne, (p.
161.) Vie de S. Jean Nepomucene, Paris, 1741, 12mo. pp.
288.

It is strange that the saint appeared to heretic
soldiers, and that they knew him. As his mar-
tyrdom took place on the eve of the Ascension,
1383, and the battle of Prague on the 8th No-
vember, 1620, they could hardly have any personal
remembrance of him. Fitzhopkins.

Garrick Club.

The Jews' Spring Gardens (P' S. ii. 463.) —
So long ago as 1850 an inquiry was made in your
pages for the Jews' Spring Gardens at Mile End.
No information on that head has, I believe, yet
been given. Having occasion to refer to an old
map of the parish of Stebonheath, anno 1702, in
my possession, I find " The Spring Garden "
marked. Its site was a short distance from the
Mile End Road, on the south side, and its east
side abutted upon " Broome's Lane," since called
Globe Lane. On the opposite side of the road,
but a little farther eastward, is " Wright's Lane,"
identical with the modern White Horse Lane.

2>'d S. VIII. Nov. 19. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

423

The conclusion that this was the " Spring Garden "
alluded to in the advertisement quoted from the
Postboy, is strengthened by the fact of an ad-
joining house being marked in the map as " Cap-
tain Bendall's," the reference in the advertisement
being also to " Captain Bendal, Mile End." I
remember an old house close by the spot herein
indicated being called " Spring Garden Cottage."
It may be standing to this day.

Alexander Andrews.

Seals of Officers icho perished in Affghanistan
(2"'" S. viii. 289.) — In common, I have no doubt,
with many of your readers, I was much interested
in this paragraph in " N. & Q.," and trust that
we shall hear that Mb. Batley has had the satis-
faction of returning to their friends these relics,
which they must greatly prize.

I wish now to relate an incident of the Crimean
war, which I believe has never appeared in print.
Lieut. Sparke, son of the Rev. J. H. Sparke,
Canon of Ely, perished in the disastrous cavalry
charge at Balaklava. Some months afterwards,
his signet ring, with the family crest and motto —
"Scintilla fit ignis" — was restored to his family
by some generous Russian, who had purchased it
from the person who had despoiled the dead of it.
I believe it was returned through the British am-
bassador at Stockholm or Copenhagen — the na-
tions being still at war.

Such amenities were all too rare during that
contest. I wish I could record the name of the
person who did this act of thoughtful and Chris-
tian courtesy. E. G. R.

Mrs. Myddelton (2°^ S. viii. 377.}— Mr. Stein-
man is informed that there is a good portrait of
Mrs. Myddelton in the possession of Colonel
Myddletoa Biddulph, Chark Castle, Denbigh-
shire. Nix.

Besides tlie pictures at Hampton Court and Al-
thorpe House, co.Northampton, there are or were
portraits of this lady in the gallery at Windsor
Castle, and a whole-length by Lely in Kingston
House, Dorset. There was also a miniature of her
by Petitot at Strawberry Hill, Cl. Hopper.

What sort of Animal was the Bugle ? (2"'* S.
viii. 400.) — In Hampshire, some years ago, a bull
was always called a bugle, and I believe the term
is still in use. In old French we meet with the
word bugle, meaning a wild ox. The word is also
met with in the Bible, translation of 1578 : —

" The hart, and the roebucke, and the bugle, and the
wild goat." — Deuteronomy, xiv. 6.

In the modern translation the v^orA fallow-deer
is substituted. I am not a Hebrew scholar, and
cannot therefore decide on the correctness of the
translation, but assuming the translation of 1578
to be a good one, I think that " wild ox " would
be a more correct rendering than " fallow-deer."

For the etymology of the word we must go to
the French, where we find beugler, to bellow.
The word buffle, Fr, beuffle, Germ, buffel, meaning
a buffalo, is I think cognate to bugle. J. A. Pn.

Bugle was an old French t-erm for horned
cattle. " S'est dit autrefois pour Bceuf." — Bes-
cherelle. This writer derives bugle from the
Celtic " bu, bceuf; " but it seems to be more im-
mediately connected with the L. buculus. Cf. the
old Fr. words " buglement," — a lowing or bel-
lowing, and " bugler," to low, or bellow. These
are now " beuglement, Cri du taureau, du bceuf, et
de la vache," and " beugler (Lat. barb, buculare),"
which " ne se dit proprement que du cri du tau-
reau, du bceuf, et de la vache."

So various are the animals of the ox kind, to
which the terms bugle, boogie have been applied
in England, that it is to be feared some difficulty
will be found in identifying the class peculiar to
the I. of Wight by its name alone. " A literary
friend in England remarks that this [Bugil, Bu-
gill] is ' a bull's horn. Bugle and Bull,' he adds,
' are inflections of the same word ; and in Hamp-
shire, at Newport, Fareham, and other towns, the
Bugle Inn exhibits the sign of a terrific Bull.'
Phillips, indeed, defines Bugle, ' a sort of wild
ox ' ; and Huloet, ' Buffe, bugle, or wilde oxe.' "
Jamieson, Supplement, on Bugil. Thomas Boys.

The Contraction "?." (2°'^ S. viii. 374.) — Mr.
John Gough Nichols appears to desire examples
of i. for i. e. In his Guide into the Tongues, Min-
sheu gives such examples in every column. Thus,
he writes, —

" Afflictive, i. full of affliction."

" A BARLEY bronne gentleman, i. a gent, (although rich)
yet lives with barley bread."

" A Circuit .... Gr. TrepwSoj, a mpi, i. circum, et
ofios, i. via."

And so we might go on to his last examples
under Zone, " a Gr, Zw^i, i. cingulum."

James Rawson.

''The Royal Slave" (2"" S. viii. 207.317.) —
The first edition of this play, "Oxford, printed by
William Turner for Thomas Robinson, 1639,"
4to., is now before me. It has a " Prologue " and
an " Epilogue " " to the King and Queene ; " a
" Prologue " and an " Epilogue " " to the Univer-
sity;" and a " Prologue " and an "Epilogue" "to
their Majesties at Hampton-Court." It does not
contain the names of the performers. A second
edition was printed at London in 1640, also in
4to., and a third in the collected edition of Cart-
wright's Comedies, Tragi- Comedies, with other
Poems, small 8vo. 1651. No names of performers
are given in either of the latter editions.

Edward F. Rimbadlt.

Villeins (2"^ S. viii. 360.) — By a charter of
William I., if any servants or villeins lived with-
out claim of their lords for a year and a day, in

424

NOTES AND QUERIES.

r2'>d S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59.

city, town, or camp, they and their posterity for
ever should be free. Some villeins of Cossey
sued, 1312, for leaving their lord's manor, suc-
cessfully pleaded this charter. (Blomefield's Nor-
folk, vol. ii. 409. 8vo. edit. Cossey.) The twofold
aim of this charter shows the policy from which
William never swerved, and the good fruit of
■which much overbalanced the partial evil. It
must have considerably affected villenage.

F. C. B.
Portioner (2""^ S. viii. 398.) — Po7iioner is said
in Bell's Dictionary and Digest of the Law of
Scotland to be " tlie proprietor of a small feu or
piece of land;" but this explanation is not satis-
factory. The proper meaning of the word is
most probably that given by Dr. Jamieson in his
Dictionary of the Scottish Language, " One who
possesses part of a property which has been ori-
ginally divided among co-heirs." G.

Spontoon {p.^^ S. vi. 329. 421.; vii. 464.) —
Some time since an inquiry was made in " N. &
Q." respecting this weapon. Among the arms in
the museum at Sandhurst College is one thus
labelled : " Spontoon, carried by an officer, dis-
continued in 1787." GiiiBERT.

Guildford.

[A reference to "N. & Q." (2n<J S. vii. 464.) will show
that the spontoon was laid aside bv the " Guards " in
1786.— Ed. «N. &Q."]

Stratford Family (2°^ S. viii. 376.) — In reply
to T. Nicholson, I beg to say the Irish branch
of the family trace lineal descent from the time of
Alfred. The Robert he mentions, who settled in
Ireland in 1660, was a younger member of the
family of Merevile, in the co. Warwick, who
were sheriffs and knights of the shire in temp.
Hen. II. and Edw. II. Nicholas was a member
in six successive parliaments of Edw. III. Robert
in two, in the same reign. John was Archbishop
of Canterbury in the same reign ; he was prime
minister during the king's absence in France in
1340. The county of Warwick was represented
by this family in the reigns of Richard II., Ed-
ward VI., Charles II., James II., William and
Mary, and Anne.

I am sorry I cannot say for what the arms were
granted. De W .

P.S. I have got a curious proclamation of
Charles I., signed by Juxon, &c., 1630, regarding
tithes in Ireland belonging to some early mem-
ber of the Irish family, to the father of Robert of
1660, I think for different reasons. I will send a
copy of it to the Editor of " N. & Q.," as I think
it would interest its readers.

George Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh (2"* S.
viii. 11. 389.) — Very little seems to be known re-
specting the family or early life of this prelate.
Notices respecting him will be found in Bishop

Mant's History of the Church of Ireland (vol. i.
pp. 108. 114. 124. 138. 175.); also in King's
Church History of Ireland (pp. 680. 694. 713.)
Collins's Peerage (vi. 144.) mentions that Gerald,
Earl of Kildare, caused George Cromer, Arch-
bishop of Armagh, to be appointed Lord Chan-
cellor of Ireland, July 5, 1532. He is said to
have been a person " of great gravity, learning,
and sweet demeanour." According to Bishop
Mant (i. 175.), he died March 15, and not March
16, 1543, as stated by T. V. N. A. T. L.

James Thomson's Marriage (2"* S. viii. 50. 239.)
— The matrimonial ties of the poet Thomson
having been noticed, I was turning over the leaves
of my adversaria a day or two ago, and happened
to meet with the following extract, which may
elucidate the inquiry : —

" Thomson, the poet, was married, and his wife lived
with him at Richmond ; but he kept her secluded from
his friends, and she appeared rather as a housekeeper." —
See Records of my Life, bj- John Taylor, in 2 vols., Lon-
don, 1832 ; vol. i. pp. 186-7.

I have not the work to refer to, and I am almost
inclined to think there may be some mistake in
the matter ; but if this should meet the eye of
your valued correspondent Mr. Bolton Cornet,
I conceive he, being so well acquainted with every
thing relating to Thomson, might speak decisively
on this point. 22.

Notes on Trees and Flowers (1'* S. xi. 460.) — -
I should like to know the botanical name of the
Herbe d'Or of Breton legends. Souvestre calls it
" Le Selage des anciens, que Ton croit etre le Cam-
phorate, plante appartenant "k la quatorzierae
classe des vegetaux (Didynamie)." Of course this
does not refer to the Selago of Linnasus, nor can
it be Lycopodium clavatum. The subject is far-
ther mystified by finding it in Alberti's Diet, (a
valuable aid in cases of obscure French), de-
scribed as Helianthemum, and as bearing a spike
of flowers ; the Italian name. Panacea chironia.
Alberti (ed. 1796) also has " Canforata," a plant
common in Provence and Languedoc, much used
medicinally. The legendary directions for gather-
ing the Herbe d'Or are evidently Druidical.

F. C. B.

Muffled Peal on Innocents' Day (P* S. xi. 8. ;
2°'' S. vii. 245. 306.) — It is still customary to ring
a half-muffled peal on the morning of this day at
St. John's church, Glastonbury, and a similar peal
on the burial of either of the ringers. J. G. L. B.

Scavenger's Daughter (2"^ S. viii. 380.) — Al-
though the queries on this subject were partially
answered in your last, H. J. D. may be interested
in the following extract from a work in my pos-
session. The book is intitled Nicolai Sanderi de
Origine ac Progressu Schismatis Anglicani, printed
at Ingoldstadt, by Wolfgang in 1588. At the end

2"* S. VIII. Nov. 19. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

425

of this book is a " Diarium Kerum gestarum in
Turri Londinensi," and on the 10th December,
1580, I find the following entry : —

" Thomas Cotamus et Lucas Kirbseus presbyteri, Scau-
ingeri filiam ad uiiam horam et amplius passi ; ex quo
prior copiosum sanguinem e naribus emisit."

On the 1st September, 1582 : —

" Joannes Getterus Scauingeri filia cruciatus est."

Although numerous other cases of torture are
mentioned, these three are the only instances of
the application of " the Scavenger's Daughter."

C. Le Poer Kennedy.

St. Albans.

Kentish Longtails (2°" S. viii. 377.) — It was
the inhabitants of Strode (or as some say a village
in Dorsetshire) who were thus elegantly adorned.

Peter Pindar, in one of his anti- Georgian pro-
ductions * tells us that —

" As Bechet, that good saint, sublimely rode
Heedless of insult through the town of Strode,"
some wag, with more malice than wit, however,
" cut his horse's tail so flowing to the stump."
Whereupon the saint waxed wroth, and bestowed
upon that most unpolite and sacrilegious people
so potent a malediction that from that time to
this : —

" The men of Strode are born with horses' tails."
It would have done Lord Monboddo's heart
good to have seen a few specimens of these " tail-
pieced" gentry ; but Peter's memory failed him
here, for if we turn to the Golden Legend, we find
that it was St. Augustine who arrived at a certain
town inhabited by wicked people —
" Who " (to quote the words of the quaint original) " re-
fused hys doctryne and prechyng uterly, and drof hym
out of the towne, castyng on h3'm the tayles of thornback,
or lykefysshes ; wherefore he besought the Almyghty God
to shewe hys jugement on them ; and God sent to them a
shamefuU token ; for the chyldren that were born after
in the place, had tayles; as it is sayd, tyll they had re-
pented them. It is said comynly that this fyll at Strode
in Kente ; but blyssed be Gode, at thys daye is no such
deformyte."

Jupiter Juvenal.

Your correspondent Folkestone will find an
amusing account of the Kentish men who were
represented as having tails, and which was very
generally believed by foreign nations, in Lam-
barde's History of Kent (1570). He says, quot-
ing—

" Polydore Vergil (handling that hot contention between
King Henrie the seconde and Thomas Becket) saith, that
Becket (being at the length reputed for the king's enimie)
began to be so commonly neglected, contemned, and
hated, that when as it happened him upon a time to come
to Stroude, the inhabitants thereabouts (being desirous to
despite that good father) sticked not to cut the taile from
the horse on which he roade, binding themselves thereby

* I am sorry I cannot give a more definite reference,
but I quote from memory.

with a perpetual reproach: For afterward (by the will
of God) it so happened, that every one which came of
that kinred of men which had plaied that naughty pranke,
■were borne with tailes, even as brute beasts bee," &c, &c.

Columbus.
Old Print (2°'> S. vii. 157.) —
" Die Jesuiten gaben ntthmlich auf 1654einen Kalendar
heraus, dem ein Kupferstich beigefilgt ist, welcher die
Niederlage den Jansenisten darstellt. Der Pabst sitz in
der Mitte ; iiber ihm schwfebt die Taube ; er hort auf die
Worte der Religion und iibergiebt der gcistlichen Ge-
walt, welche, einer Minerva oder Koma gleichend, mifc
Helm und Schliisseln ihm zur Seite steht, das flammende
Strafeschwert. Der Konig thront von dem wie eine
sonnestrahlenden, gottlichen Eifer und der Eintracht
umgeben, welche einen Biindel Pfeile halt; zu seinen
Fussen betet die Frommigkeit. Er zeigt der mit dem
weltlichen Schwerte bewafFneten Gerechtigkeit die Feinde
an, welche schon fliehen, die Dummheit mit Eselsohren,
den Betrug, welchem die Maske entfallt, Jansen, in
bischoflichem Gewande, aber mit SatansflUgeln. Der
Irrthum halt sich die Augen zu gegen das ihm vorgehal-
tene Buch, gegen die Wahrheit der Schrift. Die Jan-
senisten, wohl Portraits, besonders die Nonne mit der
Brille, werden von dem leicht kenntlichen Calvin und
den seinigen freundlich aufgenomraen." — Reuchlin, Ge-
schichte von Port Royal, p. 615., Hamburg, 1839.

The retort of the Jansenists will be found in
the next page. It is too long to quote, but well
worth reading. I think that in this, as in many
other stages of the controversy, they had the ba-
lance of wit on their side. H. B. C.

U. D. Club.

Bishop Gauden (2°'^ S. viii. 400.) — I possess a
copy of The Whole Duty of a Communicant, by
the Right Rev. Father in God, John Gauden, late
Lord Bishop of Exeter. It is the tenth edition,
1707. The imprimatur bears date, May 31, 1686.
The Dedication is to " The Lady Rich," pp. 150.

Gilbert.

Guildford.

Walpurgis (2"^ S. viii. 270.) — Wachter trans-
lates this name " peregrinorum tutrix, a bergen,
servare, et wall, peregrinus, alienus (waUen, mi-
grare, errare, vagari)." He gives from the like
root, " loalafridus, ' peregrinorum assertor,' ^fiHe-
den, tueri;" and waltrudis, "peregrinis dilecta."

R. S. Charnock.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Great Pyramid : Why was it ^ilt ? and Who built
it? J5y John Taylor. (Longman & Co.)

It is impossible, within the very limited space which
we can devote to the subject, to convey to our readers
any idea of the amount of curious learning and ingenious
speculation displayed by Mr. Taylor in his endeavour to
solve the interesting Queries: "Why was the Great Py-
ramid built? " and, " Who built it? " His answer to the
first is, that the Great Pyramid was built as a standard
of length based upon the measure of the earth ; while
the porphyry coffer in the king's chamber was preserved
as the standard of all measures of capacity ; and to the se-

426

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Nov. 19. '59.

cond — that to Noah must be ascribed the original idea,
the presiding mind, the benevolent purpose ; that this
preacher of righteousness was, in short, " the first to
establish a system of weights and measures for the nse of
all mankind based upon the measure of the earth." We
need scarcely add that Mr. Taylor's volume deserves the
attention of all biblical students — and, indeed, of all who
would penetrate the mysteries which envelope the origin
of the Pyramids of Gizeh.

A Class Book of English Prose, comprehending Speci-
mens of the most distinguished Prose Writers from Chaucer
to the Present Time ; with Biographical Notices, Explana-
tory Notes, and Introductory Sketches of the History of
English Literature. By Robert Demaus, M.A. (A. & C.
Black.)

The present Class Book, in which the great prose
writers of England are divided into four periods, namely,
those from Chaucer to Shakspeare — those again from
the Elizabethan age to that of Anne — those from the
accession of Anne to the breaking out of the French Re-
volution— and lastly, those who have written between
the French Revolution and the present day — exhibits a
series of well-selected specimens from our best divines,
historians, critics, moralists, travellers, novelists, politi-
cians, and philosophers. They are accompanied by bio-
graphical notices carefully prepared, and, when necessarj*,
by explanatory notes, and form a volume which the
mere general reader may peruse with pleasure, and which
the students of English composition may consult with
advantage.

Messrs. De La Rite §• Co., whose various Pocket Books,
Diaries, and Almanacks are as remarkable for their ele-
gance as they are useful from the variety and accuracy of
the information contained in them, have just published De
La Rue's Indelible Diary and Memorandum Book for 1860,
again under the editorship of Mr. Pogson, the Director
of the Hartwell Observatory. This is issued in three
sizes. They have also published Pocket Calendars in two
sizes, for the pocket-book and card-case, and a Card Ca-
lendar designed by Owen Jones, and printed in gold and
colours, which will be found a most useful addition to
everybody's writing-table.

Mr. Lovell Reeve has been encouraged by the success of
his Stereoscopic Magazine to undertake the publication of
The Stereoscopic Cabinet, which will contain a packet of
three stereoscopes, price half a crown, which will pass
through the post for a penny. The first packet comprises,
1. The church of St. Ouen, Rouen ; 2. A group of Muses ;
and, 3. On board the Yacht Marquita, — all good and effec-
tive.

Mr. Waller, of Fleet Street, to whom we have often
had occasion to refer Querists on the subject of auto-
graphs and their value, has just published a Catalogue of
6000 Autographs, which well deserves a place in every
library from the vast amount of biographical information
it contains.

Books Received. —

The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore. People's Edi-
tion. Part VIIL (Aongman & Co.)

This new Part contains a continuation of IMoore's
Satirical and Humorous Poems.

Extempore Preaching. A Letter to a Friend from a
Clergyman in the Diocese of Oxford. (J. H. & J. Parker.)

Replete with good common sense.

The Gathering of Long-parted Christian Men. A Ser-
mon. By Samuel Lord Bishop of Oxford. (J, H, & J.
Parker.)

The Comparative Blessedness of Receiving and Giving.
A Sermon by the Rev. C. J. Vaughan, D^D. (J. H. & J.
Parker.)

Herodias — Against Vanity. Two Serraons preached at
St. Mary Magdalen Church, by Rev. R. St John Tyr-
whitt, M.A. (J. H. & J. Parker.)

We must content ourselves with recording the receipt
of these excellent specimens of the pnlpit eloquence of
the present day, as also of the following pamphlets from
the same publishers : —

A Manual for Christians, designed for their use at any
Time after Confirmation. By Edward Hawkins, D.D.

Portions of Holy Scripture selected for Family Reading.

A Parting Gift to- Young Women leaving School and
entering Service. By the Author of The Broken Aim.

Well deserves to be widely circulated among the class
to whom it is addressed. Cannot be read without profit.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PUHCHASB.

AmweiiL and other FoEMs, by John Scott. 1783.

• *• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriaaefree,to be
sent to Messrs. Bell & Daldt, Publishers of " NOTES AND
(iUERIKS," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Tiilotson's Sermons. Vols. I. II. TV. V. XI. London. 12mo. 1748.
The Londok Stage. Vol. II. Boards. Sherwood & Ck). Paternoster

Kow. 1826.
Beauties of the Poets of Great Britain. Vol. III. Sherwin &

Co. Paternoster Row. 1822.
William Butler's Chronological Exercises. Last Edition.

Exercises on the Globes. Last Edition.

Churchill's Poems. Pickering's Aldine Edition.

The Island of Sardinia, by John Warre Tyndale. 3 Vols, post 8vo.

LiviDS A Maittaire. Vol. I. 1722.

Strad^ Prolusiones.

Testamentdm Gr^cum. Colinsei Edltio. 8vo. Paris. 1534.

Wanted by Bev. Peter Spencer, M.A., Temple Ewell, near Dover.

The Antiquities op St. Peter's or the Abbey Church of West-
minster. Vol.1. Small 8vo. with plates. London. 1741.

Wanted by O. Bishop, 3. Bennett's Hill, Doctors' Commons, E.G.

fiaiitti ta CorreiSponUenW.

Q. T. H. Being brass is not a Queen Anne's Farthing. For the value
of Queen Anne's farthing (.from 3s. to 5s.), see "N. & Q.," Ist Series
X. 4l!9.

Qu«ao. TTie work projected hy Mr. Parsons on the subject of Book
Plates has not, we believe, been published. We are not aware when it is
likely to be. Burke's Patrician, as a newspaper, consists of 23 num-
bers. It commenced mi Saturday, Oct. II, 1845, and closed its short
career on March 14, 1846.

T. V. N. whose Query respecting Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh, ap-
peared, anti p. 12„ is requested to say where we can forward a letter to
him.

Gilbert (Guildford.) ITow can we address a latter io this correspon-
dent ?

J. A. Pn.'s letter relative to the Claimant to the Earldom of Stirling
is necessarily postponed.

H. Williams. Tanza'i et N^adarn^, Histoire Japonoise, & Pekin
[Paris'] 1 734, is by Cr^billon, according to Barbier, who has the following
note : " Satire du Cardinal de Rohan, de la Constitution Unigenitus, et
de la Duchesse du Maine." (Note mamtscrite de l'Abb4 Sepher.)

A BirED. The edition of Linn<eus' General System of Nature pub-
lished in 1802 was in 7 vols. 8vo. The article Mammalia makes IZO pages
of the first volume.

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
Issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
yearly Index) is Us. id., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of Messrs. Bell and Daldy,136. Fleet Street, E.C.t to whom
all Communications for the Editor should be addressed.

EAU-DE-VIE.— This pure PALE BRANDY,
' though only 16s. per gallon, is demonstrated, upon analysis, to be
peculiarly free from acidity, and veiy superior to recent importations of
veritable Cognac. In French bottles, 34s. per dozen ; or securely packed
in a case for the coimtry, 35s.

HENRY BRETT & CO., Old Fumival's Distillery, Holbom.E.C.

2"<« S. VIII. Kov. 26. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

427

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOyEMBER 26. 1859.

No. 204. — CONTENTS.

NOTES :_ Hunting Match of Termed, 427 — Kempenfelt Family, by
CI. Hopper, lb. — Memorial Lines on the Opening of Framingham
Pigot Church near Norwich, Sept. 15th, 1859, 428 _ Hints as to Notes,
&c., on Fly-leaves, 429.

Minor Notes:— Talma — Unlucky Days — Family Vicissitudes —
Lennard Family — Impromptu by O'Connell — Literary Taste of
Different Countries, 429.

QUERIES : — " Damask," 430.

*'^JIt?,'?.'^°^i'."'^=,— y'^''™* Kings of Colon " — Arthur Hildersham —
William Marshall — Sir W.St. John— The Judges and their Style
Honourable — Bishops Elect — Skelmufcky _ Box — Plough — Deri-
vation of Hawker — William Shirley, Dramatic Author— Honora
Sneyd — Meaning of the Word End as applied to Places — "Venice, a
Poem " — Reeves's Hebrew Psalms ,&c., 431 .

Minor Queries with Answers: — " Lord Harry " and a " Toucher "

— Etymology of Scripture Local Names— Bishop Landal — Ridley
Hall, Chester, 433.

REPLIES ! — Louis the Fifteenth, 434 — Northumberland Notes, by
Edward Thompson, 435 — Butts Family, by Geo. Hen. Dashwood,i6.
Sir Peter Paul Rubens, by W. Noi?l Saiusbury, 436.

Replies TO Minor Ouekiks : — Birtsmorton Court, Worcestershire —
Portraits of Archbishop Laud— Change in the Dedication ofClmrches

— Papier Moure — DialofAhaz— Barony of Brougliton— Sir William
Ussher — " Liberavi animam meam" -Michael Honey wood —Ham-
mer Cloth— General Thackwell — Yorkshire Worthies — Extraor-
dinary Birth— "Andrew," an Afternoon's Luncheon: "Gaffman " —
Crooked Boundaries of Fields — William Shakspeare Pay ton — Blue
Blood — Quotation — Kenrick Family — Heralds' Visitations —
Cleanctus — John Pope, Gentleman, &c., 437.

HUNTING MATCH OF TERMED.

The Tartar Annals relate a remarkable hunt-
ing-match of the great conqueror Genghis Khan.
Genghis Khan invaded the territories of the Sul-
tan of Kharisme in 1220, with an army of 700,000
men, gained several battles, and subdued the
country. After taking the town of Termed,
situated on the river Oxus, to the north of Balkh,
between it and Bokhara, to save his troops from
the ills consequent on want of occupation, and to
ascertain their state of discipline, in the close of
1221, he ordered a great hunting-match to take
place in the plain round Termed. His whole
army were engaged in it, and the strictest military
discipline was preserved. The soldiery, in com-
plete armour, formed a circle — said to be two
months' march from the centre to the circle —
which, supposing the day's march to be only five
miles, would make a circle of 300 miles from the
centre ; and the army composing the circle may
possibly be estimated at the diminished number of
500,000 men. The circle was formed, and it was
forbidden on pain of death to allow the escape of
any wild beast. Every one at his post, the
tymbals, trumpets, and horns sounded the march
on every side, and the soldiers moved forward to
the centre. The circle was narrowed on all points
equally. Hills were ascended and descended;
and on coming to a river not fordable, the soldiers
crossed on leather bags tied to the tails of horses,
who were led by a guide swimming before them,
and leading them with a string. The wild ani-
mals were forced to swim across. Neither den
nor burrow could allow them to escape ; and in
mountains, soldiers were let down by ropes from

precipices to rocks and chasms otherwise inacces-
sible, to drive the beasts from their place of re-
fuge. The spade and pickaxe, even ferrets, were
used in dislodging the hunted animals. It was
forbidden, under the highest penalty, to slay any of
them — a prohibition in many instances, from the
resistance made by the animals, difficult to obey.
As the circle narrowed, the beasts were urged
forward : some following paths, and others be-
taking themselves in vain to the rock and wood.
The more ferocious fell on the weaker animals,
but were stopped by the hunters,' compelling their
onward flight ; and in the end, driven forward
at all points, and their efforts of escape checked
on every side, the wildest lost their ferocity and
became as tame as the gentlest. They arrived at
last at the plain proposed for the hunting match.
Genghis Khan, armed with bow and arrows, and
holding a sword in his hand, entered the enclosed
circle to the sound of trumpets, and accompanied
by some of his sons and his general officers. He
commenced the hunt, and attacked the most dan-
gerous animals ; then he retired, and seated him-
self on a throne which was placed for him on a
height, whence he could observe the bravery and
skill oi the princes and officers who pursued the
chase. However great the danger, no one sought
to withdraw ; every one knew the eye of the
sovereign observed him, and he strove the more
to show his courage. After the princes and lords
had retired, the young officers of the army entered
in the circle, and slew a great number of animals.
Then, says the old chronicler, Petis de la Croix,
the grandsons of Genghis Khan, and several little
lords of their age, presented themselves before
the throne; and in an harangue made in their
manner, prayed the Emperor to "give liberty to
the beasts that remained. He granted it to them,
praising the valour of his troops, who were dis-
missed and sent back to their quarters. At the
same time the wild beasts, who had avoided the
sword and arrow, seeing themselves no more sur-
rounded, escaped and regained their forests. This
extraordinary hunt occupied four months.

W. H. F.
Kirkwall.

KEMPENFELT FAMILY.

The first of this family in England was a native
of Sweden, and received a commission in the Eng-
lish service under Queen Anne. But little, how-
ever, appears to be known of his personal history,
except that he duly arrived to the promotion of
Lieut-Colonel, and became Lieut.-Governor of
the island of Jersey. He is said to have been
commemorated in The Spectator under the title
of Captain Sentry. In Thicknesse's Memoirs he is
described as of extravagant habits, and the king
(George I.) more than once liquidated his debts.

428

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»i S. VUI. Nov. 26. '69.

The following is the substance of a petition of
this officer temp. George I., which would seem to
corroborate the statement of the writer above
quoted : —

"Petition of Lt.-Col. Magnus Kempenfelt (who was
Lt-Col. in Col. Cadogan's regiment), setting forth that
he has had the honor of serving the Crown of Great
Britain for 30 years; that he served as Adjutant General
under Lord Gal way in Portugal and Spain: how in the
expedition to Canada he suffered shipwreck and lost all
his money. Declares his deplorable condition, having a
wife and six children, he is reduced to the most lament-
able extremity. Craves permission to sell his Lieut.- ■
Colonelcy to satisfy his creditors."

Within twelve years subsequent to the above
petition he seems to have died, and also one of his
children. A second petition from his widow tells
its own tale, in the abstract subjoined : —

" Petition of Ann, Widow of Lt.-Col. Magnus Kempen-
felt, late Lt.-Gov. of the Isle of Jersey, showing that her
husband is lately deceased, after more than forty years'
service in the army, leaving her in necessitous circum-
stances with five children totally unprovided for. Pra3-s
His Ma*y to order her to be placed upon the Establish-
ment as widow of a Lt.-Col. for a pension: also that he
would give her son Jonas (now 21 years of age) employ-
ment in his Ma'y Service, so that he might be able to
assist in the educating and bringing up of his brothers
and sisters."

Here, then, we have a record of the family at
variance from printed notices of the gallant ad-
miral who perished in the Royal George, who has
only one brother and two sisters allotted to him.
My inquiry is directed to ascertain the names of
the other members of the family, and whether it
has now become extinct.

I annex a pedigree as far as I have been able
to trace it authentically : —

MasnusKempenfelt, native of Sweden=:Ann.
Lieut.-Col. m the English army, and I
laeut.-Gov. of Jersey, ob. July, 1727.

Biehard KempenfeU,= ^ Gustavus Adolphua, . , , . ^ t^

bom at Westmin- § sometime captain a ft

Bter,adistinguished § in the army, obiit g g

naval officer. Capt. • March 14, 1808, at n otj

1757;Rear-Admiral his seat, Lady g; g^

of the Blue Jan. 10, Place, Hurley, I5 g

I7S1 i perished at Berks. His es- *

Spithead in the tates and property

Boyal George, Aug. devolved to Rich.

£9, 17S2. Monument Wroughton, Esq.,

in churchyard at of the Custom

Portsea, and ceno- House, hia nearest

taph at Alverstock. relative.

The arms as borne by the ill-fated admiral are,
Ar. on a mount in base vert a man in complete
armour, standing with his sinister arm embowed,
the dexter arm holding a sword above his head,
all proper. Impaling, per pale arg. and purpure,
a saltire counterchanged : a canton ermine. (5rest,
a demi-man, as in the arms, between two wings
erect vert.

In the London Magazine, vol, li. fol. 103., is a
portrait of Admiral Kempenfelt from an original
painting.

Query, where is this original painting ? and to
whom may the arms as above impaled be as-
signed ? Cu Hopper.

memorial lines on the opening of framing-
ham pigot church near norwich, sept.
15th, 1859.

A good deed deserves a record, and what fitter
place for such a record than a journal which has
secured for itself a permanent place in the litera-
ture of every country in which the English lan-
guage is spoken, and by which every difficulty
that besets the path of a student is promptly re-
moved. I have no Query to make, but I have a
Note to place on the pages of the journal of
which I have spoken, if so it please the Editor, that
future times may fix the name and date of an act
which ought to be had in remembrance.

On the 15th Sept. a church was reopened at
Framingham Pigot, Norfolk, with the prescribed
solemnities. Three years ago this church was com-
paratively speaking a mere barn, uglier than the
meanest conventicle. It is now within and without
worthy of the Being to whom it is dedicated, — a
building in which the good taste is manifest as the
liberality. This change has been effected at the
sole cost of a gentleman actively engaged in labori-
ous business, and who, in honouring God with his
substance, does but recognise. the Hand to whom
success in business should be referred. The name
of this gentleman is George Henry Christie,
head of the well-known firm of Christie, Manson,
and Woods, of King Street. If this slight record
should meet his eye, I know the genuine feeling of
his heart would be — "I would this were not written
of me. I have built to God and not to fame, or for
human praise." But such examples should not be
lost in these our days of mammon-worship ; and
as no trace of the benefactor will ever be found
in Framingham church, let it be found centuries
to come in the honest chronicle of " N. & Q."
The memorials of such benefactors should not
perish with them.

If your space will permit will you add to this
imperfect paper the following lines, written for the
occasion by the author of Lyra Memorialis. They
have not been printed : —
1.
" The noblest Temple that the world e'er saw,
Most beautiful that wisdom's wisest built.
Ere Gospel light had dawned, was raised to Law,
And streams of blood were on its altars spilt.
2,
" Then blood of beasts was sacrifice for sin,
Direct from Heaven came sacrificial fires.
Priests for the ' glory ' could not enter in ;
Such holy dread, the present God inspires.
3.
" No royal hands before Thee, Lord, we spread,
No royal lips the sacred prayer address.
No countless throng here bows the prostrate head,
No trembling Priests the present God confess.
4.
"Father and God, we offer Thee to-day

No gorgeous Temple, and no costly shrine ;
But prayer and praise we on Thy altar lay ;
Ours be the sacrifice, the incense Thine.

2"^ s. VIII. Nov. 20. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

429

" Jesus, the faithful, we Thy promise claim ;

We know where few are gather'd Thou art there,
Accept the humblest offer'd in Thy name,
Bear in Thy golden censer every prayer.

- 6.
" Be with us Holj' Spirit, sacred Dove !
In fire and * glory ' unrevealed to sight,
Kindle within the sacred flame of love ;
Oh ! teach us, Heavenly Guide, to think aright.

7.
" 0 ever blessed, glorious Trinity,

Our Triune God, to whom no gift is small,
Help us in faith to dedicate to Thee
Our church, our lives, our bodies, souls, our all."

A. L. M.

HINTS AS TO ^OTBS, ETC., ON FLY-LEAVES.

A good practice has recently become common
among some second-hand booksellers of publish-
ing in their catalogues the names of former pos-
sessors of books, and the other memoranda to be
found written on fly-leaves and blank spaces else-
where in the volumes. I wish, however, that it
could be made clear to all dealers in old books
that it would be well worth their while to' make
such things public. Men buy books from many
motives ; and not the least common or the. most
unwise one is the wish to have in their possession
volumes that once were treasured by an ancestor,
or by some one in whose life and actions we take
interest, with whose virtues we sympathise, or
whose errors we pity. There is many a name
utterly unknown to the world which yet has deep
interest for some remote descendant, or some
solitary admirer : this is proved by numerous
Queries in your pages. It has more than once
happened to me that by picking up some other-
wise worthless volume, I have become possessed
of a memorial of a former owner, whose unre-
corded and almost forgotten life such a relic will
help to keep in my memory, and it may be in
that of others when I myself may need as frail a
memorial. I would suggest to dealers in old
books, that in catalogueing all names and other
manuscript memoranda should be recorded ; and
that when old books are rebound, the fly-leaves
should on no account be removed. The Jatter
hint is of course addressed to the collector of
books as well as the vendor. The folly of re-
moving such things is well illustrated by the dis-
covery recently made at Inverpefiray, near CrieflP,
in an old library founded by the third Lord
Maderty, of the Pocket Bible and Camden's Bri-
tannia of the great Marquis of Montrose. There
are several other volumes in the collection which
it is almost certain have also belonged to that
gallant Cavalier ; but unfortunately the old bind-
ings of these volumes have been recently replaced,
and the fly-leaves removed. (See Memorials and

Letters of Viscount Dundee, by Mark Napier, Esq.,
vol. i. p. xxxiii.) K. P. D. E.

Talma. — Mr. Cole, in his rambling volumes on
the Life and Times of Charles Kean, lately pub-
lished, gives many anecdotes of this eminent
French tragedian, but he has omitted to notice
his early residence in England. I transcribe the
following interesting note from the Catalogue of
the Library of Mr. James Winston, sold by
Messrs. Puttick & Simpson some two or three
years since : —

" Talma, the most eminent Tragedian, who has con-
ferred honour on the French Stage, was born at Paris,
Jan. 15, 1760 ; his father, prior to 1773, was a dentist, at
55. Compton Street, and subsequently in Frith Street,
Soho. Young Talma was in England from his eighth to
his fifteenth year, and was educated at the Soho Square
Academy. In one of these letters, addressed to Elliston,
dated Paris, April 16, 1823, he writes, in reference to the
then state of the drama : ' The minor theatres here devour
the substance of the great ones. 1 have no hope but be-
fore that time I shall have, may be, joined poor Kemble
in the other world.' His surmise was verified ; he died
at Paris, Dec. 19, 1826."

Edward F. Rimbault.

Unlucky Days. — The following is from a MS.
temp, circa Hen. VIII. : —

" Isti sunt dies mali et pestiferi secundum antiquos
Grecorum. In quibus si infans nascitur cito morietur qui
infirmatur nunquam convalescet qui grandem viam ar-
riperint ( ?) nunquam revertetur qui uxorem ducerit cito
ceparabuntur aut in dolore maximo vivent. Et qui
magnum opus inciperit nunquam ad finem optatum per-
ducet."

" In January there is the first daye the ij. iiij. v. ix.
xi. XX.

In February the xvi. the xvij. and the xix. daye.

In March the xv. xvj. and xviij.

In Aprill the vij. daye-

In Maye the xv. and xvij. daye.

In June the vj. daye.

In July the xv. and xix.

In August the xix. and the xx.

In September the xvj. and the xvij.

In October the vj, daye.

In November the xj. and the xvij.

And in December the vj. vij. and the ix*"*."

Where is the authority here quoted " secundum
antiquos Grecorum" to be found ?

Abracadabra.

Family Vicissitude. — I have been favoured by
a friend with the following genealogical note of
unquestionable authenticity, and some interest: —

Lewis Carpentier, a German courier, married
May 4, 1749, at Gretna Green, Jane, 9th daugh-
ter of the Duke of Gordon. This Lady Jane was
compelled by poverty lo support her family by
working as a senipstress in various farmhouses in
the east of England. She died at Dunwich, co.
Suffolk, in 1774, leaving issue one son (now de-
ceased), whose only surviving child, a very old

430

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«"» S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.

man, is living at the present date in very reduced
circumstances at Great Oakley, co. Essex.

C. J. Robinson.

Lennard Family. — The following extracts from
the earliest register of Sevenoaks parish, rela-
tive to this eminent family, may be acceptable to
some of your readers : —

" Baptisms,
1677. May 23. Bapt. Thomas, son of Sampson Lennard,

Esq.
1.578. Sept. 25. Margaret, dau. of S. L., Esq.

1580. June 8. Elizabeth, dau. of S. L., Esq.

1581. Nov. 26. Elizabeth, dau. of S. L., Esq.

1583. July 28. Frances, dau. of S. L., Esq.

1584. Oct. 11. John, son of S. L., Esq.

1594. Oct. 27. Margaret, dau. of Henrj' Lennard, Esq.

1597. Dec. 27. Ffynes, son of Henry Lennard, Knt.

1598. Jan. 2 1 . Philadelphia, dau. of Hen. L., Knt.

" Marriages.

1579. Dec. 27. Guildford Walsingham, Esq., to Mary
Lennard.

1587. Aug. 23. Thomas Greshame, Esq., to Mary Wal-
singham, widow.

1589. Sep. 30. Frances Querst, Esq., to Eliz. Lennard.

1591. May 25. Harbert Morley, Esq., to Anne Lennard,

Gen.

1592. May 24. Marmaduke Dorrell, Esq., to Anne Len-

nard, Gen.

1593. Sep. 5. Thomas Waller, Esq., to Margt. Lennard,

Gen.

1594. Apr. 2. Ralf Bosvile, Esq., to Mary Lenn.ird.
1598. Jan. 3. Francis Barnam,Esq.,to Elizabeth Lennard.
1601. May 12. Robert Moore, Esq., to Ffrances Lennard,

Gen.

" Burials.
1575. Oct. 10. John, son of Sampson Lennard, Esq.
1581. Oct. 20. Elizabeth, dau. of Sampson Lennard."

Besides the above are numerous entries relat-
ing to the Sydneys, Nevills, Walsingharas, Bos-
villes, Wallers, and other important families.

C. J. Robinson.

Impromptu by O'Connell. — The impromptu of
Daniel O'Connell, occasioned by the attack of the
three Colonels, Sibthorp, Perceval, and Verner, is
being given in an incorrect form in the public
prints. The following is a copy, as it appears Nov.
10,1859: —

" Three colonels in three different counties born,
Sligo, Armagh, and Lincoln did adorn ;
The first of them in ignorance surpassed,
The next in impudence, in grace the last.
The force of nature could no farther go,
To beard the third, she shaved the other two."

The lines given below are in the author's own
hand, dated August 6, 1838, and in my posses-
sion : —

« Three colonels in three distant counties born,
Lincoln, Sligo, and Armagh did adorn ;
The first in gravity of face surpassed.
In sobriety the next, in grace the last.
The force of nature could no farkher go.
To beard the first, she shaved the other two."

Chabx.es Reed.
Paternoster Row.

Literary Taste of Different Countries. — I find
the following in a late American newspaper. Can
any of the readers of " N. & Q." either corrobo-
rate or disprove the assertions there made ?

" Literary Taste in this Country. — The people of the
United States show a strong predilection for a light and
fictitious literature. Of two thousand old and new
volumes issued in this country in the year, it is said that
about one-half were works of fiction or imagination. In
France only about one-ninth are works of the same class,
and in England works of fancy constitute one-seventh of
the whole number published."

PisHEY Thompson.

Stoke Newington.

cauertei.

There are two meanings attached to the word
damask in Johnson : —

1. Linen or silk woven, invented at Damascus,
by which part, by various directions of the threads,
exhibits flowers or other forms.

2. It is used for red colour in Fairfax, from
the damask rose.

" And for some deale perplexed was her spirit.
Her damask late, now chang'd to purest white."

In this second sense it is used by many authors
of celebrity, as in the hackneyed quotation from
Shakspeare : —

" But let concealment like a worm i' th' bud feed on
her damask cheek." — Twelfth Night, Act II., Sc. 4.

And in Milton's Sonnet to Charles Diodati,
where he uses the expression " Ne treccie d' oro,
ne guancia vermiglia M' abbaglian si," which Cow-
per thus renders : —

"Yet think me not thus dazzled by the flow
Of golden locks, or damask cheek."

And moi-e recently Sir Lytton Bulwer in his great
novel. What will he do with it? (vol. iii. p. 15.) : —

" Lady Adela was an unconscious impostor ; for owing
to a mild softness of eye and a susceptibility to blushes,
a victim ensnared by her beauty would be apt to give
her credit for a nature far more accessible to the tender
passion than happily for her own peace of mind she pos-
sessed ; and might flatter himself that he had produced a
sensation which gave that softness to the eye and that
damask to the blush."

I find, however, that there is another sense in
which the word " damask " was used, i. e. to
cancel or efface, or cover over, as in the Copy-
right Act of Queen Anne, the 8th Anne, c. 19.,
intituled " An Act for the Encouragement of
Learning by vesting the Copies of printed Books
in the Authors or Purchasers of such Copies
during the Terms therein mentioned," where,
after a long preamble showing how authors had
been injured by piracy of various kinds, it pro-
ceeds to enact, " That the author of any book
and his assigns should have the sole right and

2"'» S. VIII. Nov. 26. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

431

liberty of printing such book and books for the
term of 21 years and no longer." And it pro-
ceeds to enact in these words : —

"That the author of any book or books already com-
posed and not printed and published, or that shall here-
after be composed, and his assignee or assigns, shall have
the sole liberty of printing and reprinting such book and
books for the term of 14 years, to commence from the day
of the first publishing of the same, and no longer ; and
that if any other bookseller, printer, or other person
whatsoever, from and after the 10 day of April, 1710,
within the term granted by this Act as aforesaid, shall
print, reprint, or imprint, without the consent of the
proprietor or proprietors thereof first had and obtained in
writing, signed in the presence of two or more credible
witnesses, or knowing the same to be so printed or re-
printed without the consent of the proprietor or pro-
prietors, shall sell, publish, or expose to sale, or cause to
be sold, published, or exposed to sale, any such book or
books, without such consent first had and obtained as
aforesaid, then such offender or offenders shall forfeit such
book or books, and all and every sheet or sheets being
part or parts of such book or books, to the proprietor or
proprietors of the copy thereof, who shall forthwith damosA
and make waste paper of them." '

I shall be obliged by any of your readers
giving the explanation of this use of the word,
and how derived. ' Inquirer.

Minax <^\ttviti.

" Three Kings of Colon." — In the notice of
Bishop Cosin in Surtees's History of Durham, it
says that he (the bishop) never sun?, or heard
sung by the choir, the " Anthem of the Three
Kings of Colon ;" but at his first coming to be
Treasurer, did raze and cut tbe said anthem out of
the old song-book in the quire. Can any of your
correspondents give me the words of this old an-
them ? which appears to have been considered
objectionable, and its supposed use brought as
part of an accusation against the bishop. E. S. W.
Norwich.

Arthur Hildersham. — Any information respect-
ing the descendants of this gentleman, rector of
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and Nonconformist, whose
life is given in Clark's Martyrology, is earnestly
requested. He died 4th March, 1631 (Old Style),
leaving, I believe, four children; viz. Samuel, rector
of West Felton, who in 1642 published One Hun-
dred and Fifty-two Lectures upon Psalm LI., com-
posed by his father ; another son, name unknown ;
Timothy ; and Sara, wife of Jervase Lummas or
Lomax. I can find no public trace of the exist-
ence of any of these persons subsequently to 1653,
but I cannot believe that their fate is involved in
hopeless obscurity, since their ancestry was as illus-
trious as any in England, Arthur Hildersham's
mother being Anne Pole, grand-daughter of Mar-
garet Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (the
last survivor of the royal house of York), by Sir
Richard Pole, K.G. This noble descent is men-

tioned in the inscription on the tablet to Arthur
Hildersham's memory in Ashby church. Can Sir
B. Burke throw any light upon this subject ?

T. E. S.
William Marshall. — Will some correspondent
give me some account of William Marshall, an
engraver (who lived about 1640), and his descen-
dants ? G. W. M.

Sir W. St. John. — Who was Sir Wm. St. John,
an active naval officer in the reign of James I. ?

G. R. L.

The Judges and their Style Honourable. -^ For
this style, which custom of some time past seems
to have sanctioned, there does not appear any dis-
tinct order, but a prescriptive usage. Will some
of your correspondents say when the style or ap-
pellation originated ? Are the judges so styled
in any commissions, patents, or instruments issued
or sanctioned by the crown ? Perhaps Mr. Fobs
may have the means of affording information on
this point. J.

Bishops Elect. — Can a bishop sit in parliament
after his election and confirmation, but before bis
consecration ? J. R.

Skelmufeky. — In The Repuhlic, a Poem, Lon-
don, 1797, among many unexplained allusions
is the following, perfectly unintelligible to me,
but I hope not so to all your correspondents : —

" See Thomas Paine with aspiration high
Bound up and tumble down like Skelmufeky.
Great in the warrior's, as the statesman's part,
This braves Barras, that noses John de Bart ;
This the Convention greets with honours full,
That sends his card up to the Great Mogul ;
And thrice deceived, by rank and riches vain.
Ragged and dirty each goes home again."

What is meant by Skelmufeky ? A note says
" see Skelmufeky s Travels, The original was sup-
pressed, and the author imprisoned by the King
of Prussia." F.

Box. — In Eyston's Little Monument printed in
1716, I find a house at Glastonbury still standing,
and of very considerable dimensions, described as a
neat new box. I have always understood the term
to apply to a small compact building. What is
the origin of the word as applied to a house, and
when was it first so used ? J. G. L. B.

Plough. — In a warrant addressed, at the time
of the memorable rebellion, by Lord Feversham
to the constables of Butleigh, they are required
to provide a number of ploughs for the convey-
ance of ammunition. In Somersetshire waggons
are still vulgarly called ploughs ; and a farmer
will tell you that he has sent his plough to coal-
pit, &c. Is this use of the word general, and how
did it originate ? J. G. L. B.

432

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<> S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.

Derivation of Hawker. — In an amusing article
by Alphonse Esquiros in the Revue des Deux
Mondcs for September, the following assertion
occurs : —

" Le nom de hawkers vient du mot Anglais hawk
(faucon). On a cm sans doute trouver quelque analogie
entre leur vie errante et celle des anciens fauconniers
(hawkers), qui allaient chassant leur gibier <j^ et 1^."

Is not the word more generally derived from
the German hocken, in the sense of carrying on
one's back ?

M. Esquiros, in the same article, perpetuates
the fable of the chimney-sweeper's festival having
been .originated by Lady Montague on the re-
covery of her stolen son. C. J. Robinson.

William Shirley, Dramatic Author. — I am de-
sirous of obtaining information respecting Wil-
liam Shirley, the author of Edward the Black
Prince, Electra, &c. 1746—1764. Was he de-
scended from James Shirley the dramatist ? *

C. J. Robinson.

Honora Sneyd. — Can you kindly inform me
how I may ascertain whether I possess a volume
that once belonged to the fiancee of Major Andre
and second wife of R. L. Edgeworth ? It is a duo.
of 304 pages, called The Excellent Woman, and
has " Honor Sneyd" written twice and " Honoria
Sneyd" once acrosa the title and back of the
frontispiece, all in the same neat lady's hand.

The book was published by Joseph Watts,
M.DCXCii., and is dedicated to Lady Mary Walcot
byT. D. Who was he? N. J. A.

Meaning of the Word End as applied to Places.
— In Buckinghamshire, in the neighbourhood of
Wycombe, are a number of places called Lane
End, Bolton End, Cadmore End, Roekall End,
Wood End, Mill End, Bockmore End, &c. &c.
Some of these are on the high roads, some in
quite out-of-the-way places ; some are on the hill ;
some in the valley ; some villages ; some have not
a single house ; none of them seem to be the ter-
mination of anything ; and in short they seem to
have no distinctive features in common. What is
the meaning of the word ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

" Venice, a Poem." — There was published in
1832 a volume of poetry, Venice, a Poem, and
Romanus and Emilia, a dramatic sketch. Was
Luis Cambray the author ? Z. A.

Reeves's Hebrew Psalms. — I have before me a
email volume entitled —

"Psalterium Ecclesise Anglicanae Hebraicum. The
Hebrew Psalms, divided according to the Verses of the
Psalms in the Liturgy. Also the Scriptural Parts of the

I^* Baker's Biographia Dramatica, edit. 1812, contains
a short but unsatisfactory notice of William Shirley.
The date of his death does not seem to be known. — £d.]

Morning and Evening Prayer and the Communion Ser-
vice in their Original Tongues. Published for John
Reeves, Esq., one of the Patentees of the Office of King's
Printer. London, 1804."

Was the similar . edition of the Epistles and
Gospels, spoken of in the preface, ever published?
and what is the date and estimation of a Greek
Testament which the author also refers to as
having been edited by him?* Glasguensis.

John Murdoch. — In Pictures of the Heart, by
John Murdoch, 2 vols. 12mo., 1783, there is a
drama having the name of The Double Disguise.
Where is the scene of this piece ? Can you in-
form me whether the author was the same John
Murdoch who was the schoolmaster of Robert
Burns ? Z. A.

Playing Cards. — I lately saw a singular pack of
cards of foreign manufacture, totally dififerent
from our playing cards. There are four suits :
" Les Batons," " Les Epees," " Les Coupes," and
" Les Deniers," answering to the suits of our
common pack ; but there is an additional court
card to each suit, called " Le Cavalier," and a
further addition of twenty-two picture cards, of
remarkable design, and with singular names ;
such as, Le Pape, La Papesse, L'Empereur,
L'Imperatrice, Le Bateleur, Le Boulanger, Le
Jongleur, Le Pendu, Le Monde, La Roue de
Fortune. I have seen mention of a pack of
seventy-eight cards, called the " Livre de Thoth,"
used in playing the game of " Tara." Are these
the same ? and what is their real origin ?

Is seventy-eight the original number from which
our jifty-tu)o have been selected ? or are the
extra twenty-six cards additional ? if so, when
and why were they added ? C. F.

Right Hon. Joseph Addison. — I have been told
that Joseph Addison, while officially connected
with Ireland, occupied a house in the lower part
of Booterstown Avenue, near Dublin ; and that
the house in question, known as " Addison's
House," was standing within the last fifty or sixty
years. Can any correspondent of " N. & Q."
oblige me with an authority for the allegation ? I
am aware that Addison had a residence in or
near Finglas. Abhba.

Works of Fiction proverbialised. — What ex-
amples are there of words analogous to Utopian^
Quixotic, etc. f Markow-bone.

Opposite Mottoes. — In the Peerage is a motto,
" Flecti non frangi," and " Frangas non flectes."
(Among the proverbs in the last number of " N".
& Q." is one, " It is better to bow y" to breake.")
I would ask, of mottoes generally, are there many

[* Reeves's Greek Testament is according to the text
of Mill and Stephens, and the arrangement of Mr.
Reeves's Bible. London, 1803, 8vo. Mr. Home states
that it is printed with singular neatness.]

2'>*S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEIUES.

433

instances of directly opposite sentiments being
thus inculcated ? and, in such cases, was that
which was not first adopted taken from personal
antagonism in feudal times, or now of politics ?

Cross-bow.

Bell-ringers. — In the work by the Rev. W. C.
Liikis on Church Bells I find the following in-
scription from a bell, p. 88. : " I was given by the
Society of Northern Youths in 1672, and recast
by the Sherwood Youths in 1771." Where can I
find an account of these societies ? G. W. M.

Widoios Cap. — What is the origin and the
date of the introduction of that strange piece of
costume, the widow's cap ? An answer is re-
quested in order to throw light on the date of a
portrait. A. A.

Poets' Comer.

Pepys's Diary : Curious Prayer. — Can you give
me any clue to the meaning of the following pas-
sage in Pepys's Diary, under date Sept. 23, 1660 ?
I mean, of course, so far as relates to the peculiar
expression recorded : —

" Before Sermon I laughed at the reader, who, in his
pra3^er, desires of God that he would imprint His words
on the thumbs of our right hands, and on the right great
toes of our right feet."

R. W. Hackwood.

Death Warrants. — I am desirous of knowing
when the custom of signing death warrants by the
sovereign, if it ever existed, ceased; what was the
course pursued in obtaining the signature, and
what was the last occasion on which a warrant for
the execution of a criminal was signed by the
sovereign ? A Statist.

Robert Clay of Derbyshire. /— Can any of your
correspondents residing in Derbyshire inform me
at what place in that county Robert Clay, eldest
son of Robert Clay, formerly of Sheffield, was
born ? His father was a lead merchant, owning
several shares of lead mines and coal pits in and
about Derbyshire and Yorkshire, and removed
from Chesterfield to Shefiield about the last ten
years of the seventeenth century, and died at the
latter place in 1737, aged 71. His mother's maiden
name was Hannah Slator of Chesterfield. Robert,
their only child, was born somewhere in Derby-
shire, A.D. 1688, removed to Philadelphia, Penn.,
in 1707-8, married Ann Curtis of Delaware in
1710, and was lost at sea in 1717, leaving two
sons, Slator, ancestor of the late Hon. Henry Clay
of Ashland, Kentucky, and Thomas, who emigrated
to North Carolina, and died about the year 1744.
Pebrot Fenton, Proctor-
Doctors* Commons.

Walley Chamberlain Oiilton, — This gentleman
was author of several dramas, a History of the
London Theatres^ &c., &c. Can any of your readers

give me the date of his death ? He was living
about 1820? Z. A.

^{nor <aucr(ci toftib ^wiiatxi.

" Lord Harry " and a " 2'oMc/tffr." — A neigh-
bour of mine, in describing a narrow escape that
somebody had experienced, made use of the ex-
pression, " By the Lord Harry, Sir, it was as near
as a toucher ! " Can any reader of "N. & Q." tell
me, first, who Lord Harry is ; and, secondly, how
near a toucher may be ? Mark Astony Lower.

Lewes.

[ May not the " Lord Harry " be an equivalent to " Old
Harry," a name which needs no explanation? Supposing
the theory lately propounded in our pages to be correct
(that the horns, tails, and cloven feet, vernacularly attri-
buted to the evil one, are due to the Greek satyri or
Eoman fauni, p. 387.), we aie disposed to think that
OM Harry was originally Old Hairy. The satyrs were
said to have hair like goats; and "hayre" or "haire"
especially' signified in old English a garment made of
goats' hair. On this supposition. Old Harry or Old
Hairy would have some affinity to Old Shock, formerly
the name of a demon that haunted the road-sides. Shock,
a head of rough hair, a rough-haired dog. The term
" Lord " maj' be applied derisively ; or it may allude to
1 Cor. iv. 4., where the evil one is termed " the god of
this world" (" Deus hujus sseculi," Vitlg.)

We regard "toucher" as here equivalent to " touch,"
e.g. "it was a near touch," i. e. a narrow escape. " Touch,' '
contact without collision; the nearest thing possible to
an actual smash. We understand also that " toucher" is
used to express a narrow escape from being shot ; for in-
stance, when a bullet passes through the coat-sleeve, bat
not through the arm — " That was a toucher." We can-
not pretend to define the exact force of toucher in the
expression cited by our correspondent, without knowing
what was the nature of the narrow escape experienced.
Our present impression is that the term was originally
nautical. " Touch the wind " was an old command to
the helmsman to bring the ship as near the wind as pos-
sible— " serrer le vent ;" and when the ship was brought so
near the wind that her sails began to shake, they were
said to "touch." "Touch and go" was when a ship
under sail just touched the bottom, without grounding.
(Falconer.) The verb toucher was used nautically by
the French in a similar sense — " frapper en passant;"
and as they have also toucher, a noun (the sense of touch,
the act of touching), this may be the origin of our
toucher. The French use of the verb is as old as 1529:
" Nostre nef, la Pensee, fut mise en rade honnestement,
sans toucher ; mais le Sacre toucha." (Jal.) Cf. also the
Yankee phrase, "This is no touch to it," i. e. does not
come near it, cannot be compared to it.]

Etymology of Scripture Local Names. — Have
any of the travellers in Palestine who have pub-
lished accounts of that country, investigated the
fitness of the etymologies usually proposed (such
as those of Gesenius or those in Simonis Onomas-
ticon) to the rivers, mountains, &c. ? For in-
stance, has any traveller told us whether the
Kishon is a winding stream ? the Arnon a noisy
one ? or the Pharpar a rapid one ? Is the Kidron
a turbid stream, such as Western nations would
call Rio Negro or Blackwater ? I mention these

434

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.

merely as specimens, and shall be glad of any in-
formation on the subject. E. G. R.

[Our correspondent will find the local names of Scrip-
ture elucidated in Arthur Penrhyn Stanley's Sinai and
Palestine, 8vo. 1857 ; but especially in Dr. Edward Ro-
binson's valuable work, Biblical Researches in Palesline,
3 vols. 8vo. 2nd edit. 1856.]

Bishop Landal. — William Landal, or De Lan-
dalis, who was Bishop of St. Andrews from 1341
to 1385, was a son of the baron or laird of Landels,
in the shire of Berwick. Where is the locality of
Landels ? There is no place in Berwickshire, so
far as I know, now known by that name. Could
any correspondent of "N. & Q." inform the
writer where Landals was ? Or who now repre-
sents the family of Landals ? MentXnthes.

Chirnside.

[By Landels is meant Lauderdale, one of the three
divisions of the countj' of Berwick. From this district
the noble family of Maitland, first Earls, then Dukes, and
jiow Earls again, take their title. Fordun {Scotichromcon,
lib. vi. cap. xlvi.) says, concerning Bishop Landal, that
he was Lord of all the lands of Landallis (Laverdale,
editio Heamii), and yet modest, mild, and ingenuous;
and that he loved his canons as much as if they had been
his own children."]

Ridley Hall, Chester. — Who were the inhabit-
ants of Ridley Hall in the county of Chester
from 1650 to 1700? G. W. M.

[During the Civil War Ridley Hall was garrisoned by
the Parliament ; an unsuccessful attack appears to have
been made upon it on the 4th of June, 1645, by a party
from the garrison at Beeston castle. (Burghall's Diary,
printed in the History of Cheshire, 8vo., ii. 943.) This
ball was for three or four descents the seat of a branch of
the Egertons. In the dispersion of this family, Ridley
Hall passed by sale to Orlando Bridgeman, second son of
Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Bart., Lord-keeper of the Great
Seal to James I. ; but the family do not appear, from the
parish registers, ever to have made it their residence.
It was consumed by fire in 1700. (Ormerod's Cheshire,
ii. 161. ; Lysons's Cheshire, 351.) We fear, however,
that these notices of Ridley Hall will not be considered a
satisfactory reply to the Query.]

LOUIS THE FIFTEENTH.

(2"« S. vili. 268. 297. 387.)

Y. S. M. fans acknowledged his error in stating
that the late Earl of Stirling * was found guilty of
forgery. It would have been more to Y. S. M.'s

[* B}' the insertion of this Reply (with which the dis-
cussion of this question in the columns of "N. & Q." must
be brought to a close), we must not be understood as con-
sidering the late Mr. Alexander as Earl of Stirling. No
man has a right to assume a title until he has established
his claim to it in the manner which the law requires. If
he does, neither himself nor his friends must be surprised
if the world regard him as a mere pretender, and treat
him accordingly. — Ed. "N. & Q."]

credit, hearing that the Earl had many relatives
and friends living, to have let it rest there, be-
cause an accusation can be made in a few words,
but not so a defence. I must, however, put Y. S.
M. right on a few points. The word "Assoilzied"
does not merely mean " not convicted," as Y. S.
M. ingeniously suggests, but has a much stronger
meaning; for on referring to Wharton's Zaw Lexi-
con, under the head " Assoilzie," he will find the
following, " to acquit a defendant, and to find a
person not guilty of a crime. Scotch Law." The
italics are mine.

The excerpt of a charter of Novo damns was
not used by the Earl in proving his right of service
as heir to his great-grandfather's grandfather,
William 1st Earl of Stirling. Mr. Banks, the
celebrated genealogist, brought the excerpt to
Lord Stirling months afterwards, and always de-
clared it to be genuine. The juries who declared
Lord Stirling to be heir to the 1st Earl never had
this excerpt before them ! They were men of
position, of ability, and of high respectability, and
many of them are living who can testify to the
accuracy of this statement. In addition, on the
8th July, 1831, Lord Stirling obtained from Wil-
liam IV. seisin and investiture of his lands and
rights in America. Y. S. M.'s private opinion of
the tombstone case in the Tracy Peerage may be
very valuable to himself, and those who know
him, but has nothing to do with the matter before
us. It is an anonymous opinion wounding to the
feelings of living individuals, and as such is un-
worthy of a Christian and a gentleman.

A second antagonist, M. L., has however sprung
up, adding Lincoln's Inn to his name, as a make-
weight one would suppose. With regard to Lord
Stirling's antecedents, to which M. L. alludes, I
may state that Mr. Humphrys, sen., was a gentle-
man of good family, as well as of wealth and
station, residing at the Larches near Birmingham.
His wife was the daughter of the Rev. John Alex-
ander, and his son, so insolently spoken of by M.
L., was the claimant of the Earldom of Stirling.
These facts were testified to at the trial by Lord
Stirling's intimate friends General Sir George
D'Aguilar, late Commander in Chief of H. M.'s
Forces in China, Mr. J. Wilson, late Chief Justice
in the Mauritius, and Mr. Charles Hardinge, cousin
to the late Sir Robert Peel, Bart.

With regard to the verdict, so far from Lord
Stirling being, as M. L. insinuates, " merely ac-
quitted from the charge of forging documents
upon which he based his pretended claim, but
which documents were found to have been forged"
the Earl was acquitted also from the charge of
having " uttered them as genuine knounvg them to
he forged" which is quite a diflferent affair, I
may add here that the documents on which Lord
Stirling really based his claim were those in the
Digbeth or JPe Porquet packet, which contained

2«'» S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

435

a pedigree, letters, and attested evidence, and
proved the claim of itself.

With regard to these papers the verdict was as
follows : " 3. Finding unanimously that the docu-
ments in De Porquet's packet are not proven to be
forged." The italics are mine. I think I have
now succeeded in putting the case in a very dif-
ferent light from that in which Y. S. M. and M.
L. wished to have it viewed. I will merely add
that this is the last communication I shall send to
" N. & Q." on the subject of Lord Stirling and
his claims : " ex uno disce omnes." J. A. Pn.

NORTHOMBERLAND NOTES.

(2"'» S. viii. 348.)

I beg to correct a few errors into which Mr.
Harwood Pattison has fallen in his Northum-
brian Notes. The churches of this county are
generally constructed in the Norman or Early
English styles. The nave of Mitford church is
entirely Norman : the chancel Early English, ex-
cepting the south door, which is round-headed
and ornamented with rude zig-zag.

With regard to the crosses, those of Ryton and
Ravensworth are in the county of Durham : the
latter marks the spot where the country people
came with their commodities during the raging of
the great plague in Newcastle in 1636.

There is a fine octagonal cross in the church-
yard of Morpeth. Perfect examples of the pele
tower are not so rare as your correspondent sup-
poses. There is a very fine one in the village of
Carbridge. The rectory houses of Rathbury and
Elsdon are pele towers, and are still inhabited by
their respective Incumbents. Not unfrequently
the church tower was constructed in the same
manner ; examples of it are seen in the churches
of Chatton and Longhoughton, which have evi-
dently been erected as places of defence. Another
example of the pele is Cockle Park tower, now a
farmhouse, figured in Grose's Antiquities and
Hodgson's Northumberland. Stanard Pele is
nothing but the fragment of a ruin — the very
" shadow of a shade." The Hermitage is in Lld-
disdale in Scotland : it was erected in the thir-
teenth century by the Earl of Monteith. Aydon
Castle is a fine example of the houses of the same
period, the licence to fortify it bearing date 1302.

I cannot agree with Mr. Pattison in his re-
mark that the church of St. Nicholas in this town
is "mongrel." It is true it has, from time to
time, undergone repairs ; but in the main the
original architecture has been copied. The choir,
from its great length, and the remarkably wide
span of its arches, produces a fine effect when
viewed from below the organ gallery. I am,
however, sorry to say that within the last two
months the original east window, of admirable

proportions, has been demolished, and in its place
has been erected a great glaring* window of de-
cidedly pseudo-perpendicular. St. Andrews is
generally considered the oldest church in this
town. Mention of it first occurs in the Tyne-
mouth Chartulary in 1218 ; the chancel arch is,
however, anterior to this date. Grey, in his
Chorographia, published 1649, says : " In this
church is to be seen a pardon of a Pope for nine
thousand years to come." Search has been made
among the archives of the church for this in-
teresting document, but without success. This
county is exceedingly rich in castles and eccle-
siastical ruins, the enumeration of which would
occupy too much of your valuable space. The
abbey church of Hexhtim, now undergoing restor-
ation, is well worthy of a visit, and the church of
Newburn, five miles west of Newcastle, is a per-
fect gem. The arches on the north side of the
nave are of heavy Norman, while the south side
displays the Early-pointed arch springing from
octagonal piers. The windows contain some fine
specimens of ancient stained glass. This church
is also interesting as the scene of Earl Copsi's
murder in 1067. Leslie, the Scotch general, also
planted nine pieces of cannon upon the tower
during the " sharp conflict of 28th of August,
1640." Edward Thompson.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

BUTTS FAMILT.

(2"'' S. iv. 257.)

It is now indeed long since I requested a re-
ference to the passage in Camden from which,
according to E. D. B., it would appear that a Sir
William Butts was '* one of the knights slain at
Polctiers, 1356, when fighting in the van of the
army with Lord Audeley."

As I proposed an intercommunication by letter
with E. D. B., it may be thought that I have
heard from him, and that ray doubts are satisfied.
Such, however, is not the case, as I have received
no communication from the reverend gentleman.

It is only comparatively lately that I have seen
Mrs. Sherwood's Autobiography, to which I was
referred by Dr. Doran. I there found a " Table
of Descent," commencing with — Butts, said to
marry a daughter of Sir Will. Fitzhugh, Knt., of
Congleton and Elton, co. Chester ; his son is called
Sir William Butts, Knt., Lord of Shouldham
Thorpe, co. Norfolk, and of Congleton, co. Ches-
ter, slain at the battle of Poictiers, with a refer-
ence to Camden, but no page specified ; he is
married to a daughter of Sir Ranulph Cotgrave,
Lord of Hargrave, co. Chester ; William, Robert,
Edward, and William Butt, in each case described
as of Shouldham Thorpe and of Congleton, occur
in succession, marrying respectively with De

436

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°'i S. YIII. Nov. 26. '59.

L' Holme of Tranmur, Boteler of Warrington,
Wentworth of Brougliton, and Mathew Ellis of
Overleigh. I have consulted Ormerod's Cheshire,,
and it is remarkable that I do not find a Fitzhugh
mentioned; neither do I find Cotgrave till 1735,
when a person of that name was mayor of Chester.
The Holmes' (the famous Randle Holmes) pedi-
gree is given, but no match with Butts. Several
of the name of Mathew Ellis occur between the
year 1574, when Mathew Ellis, son of Ellis ap
Dio, died, and the year 1685. For Boteler of
Warrington, I consulted Baines's History of Lan-
cashire,, but found no match with Butts ; in fact
the name does not, as far as I can see from con-
sulting the Indices and the .history of the several
places, occur in either work. The next in de-
scent mentioned is William Butts (son of Will.
Butts and Ursula Ellis) of Shouldham Thorpe.
Congleton here ceases. This William is the first
mentioned in the Visitation of 1619 ; his wife was
a Kervell ; and from him to Leonard Butts, who
sold the Norfolk property, and settled at Bromley
in Kent, the " Table of Descent" follows the pedi-
gree of the Visitation. Of Cheshire I can say no
more than I have above ; but, with regard to the
Butts family being Lords of Shouldham Thorpe
at the earlier period, it can be distinctly proved
that they were not.

Deeds and Court Rolls show that the manor of
JRussels in Thorpe came to Dorothy Frende as
cousin and heiress of Nicholas Seaman (see Blome-
field, vii. 427.). She carried it by marriage to
Thomas Harpley, Yeoman, who sold it to Thomas
Gawsell; his son, Richard Gawsell, dying in 1538,
Ursula his widow married, secondly, Will. Butt of
Shouldham Thorpe, who held his first court, ju7'e
uxoris, in the 11th of Elizabeth. The manor of
Shouldham Thorpe, originally in a family who
took their name from the place, was even-
tually bought, together with that of Fodeston, by
William Butts, grandson of the above-named
William, in the 9th Jac. I., from Sir Robert Riche,
Knt., for the sum of 1500Z. ; and the whole was
afterwards sold by Leonard Butts to Sir John
Hare, Knt.

Leonard Butts married Jane, daughter of

Lennard of Suffolk ; he signed the Visitation Pe-
digree of 1619; and as I supposed died without
issue. I was therefore surprised to find in the
" Table of Descent " in the Autobiography, that
he had ascribed to him a son. Sir Leonard Butts,
Knt., from whom Mrs. Sherwood's father is di-
rectly deduced, — Sir Leonard, if the pedigree is
correct, being his greatgrandfather. Never hav-
ing met with a Sir Leonard Butts, I wrote to ray
friend Mr. King, York Herald, who, in reply to
my questions, stated that he had gone through the
lists of knights of the times of Elizabeth, James I.,
and Charles L, but found no such person knighted
in either reign. He also furnished me with the

substance of the funeral certificate of Leonard
Butts, which states as follows ; —

" Leonard Butts of Bromley, co. Kent, Esq., died at his
house at Bromley, 18th December, 16.33, and was buried
in the parish church of Bromley on St. Thomas's Day
next after. He married Jane, daughter of Mr. Lennard
of the county of Sufifolk, by whom he left 7io issue. He
made Mr. Francis Pigott of Stradset in Norfolk, Esq.,
and Mr. Hatton Berners of Watlington in Norfolk, Gent.,
executors of his yi'iW."

The funeral certificate is generally considered
an authentic document to be relied on, but here it
is in direct opposition to the " Table of Descent."

The pedigree in the Autobiography makes Sir
William of Thornage, the king's physician (Hen.
VIII.), to be the son of John Butts, M.P. for Lis-
keard, 1456, and grandson of the William Butts
who married a Kervell.* I should be very glad
could any of your readers inform me whether this
is correct, or give any authentic information
with regard to the earlier part of the pedigree.
The family may have been of some consequence
in early times; and I shall be happy, through
" N. & Q." or privately, to receive proofs ; but it
seems to me clear, from various existing docu-
ments, that, as regards the branch at Shouldham
Thorpe, they were, prior to Henry VIII. or Eliza-
beth, not above the condition of yeomen.

Geo. Hen. Dashwood.

Stow Bardolph.

SIR PETER PAUL RUBENS.

(2°'^ S. viii. 410.)

If Abracadabra will again refer to my volume
on Rubens, he will find that he is mistaken in
saying that " my book is silent as to the departure
of the great Flemish painter from England, ex-
cepting only the minute of the Council Register
granting his pass, Jan. 31, 1629-30." At p. 146.
is the following note, 192 : " Rubens arrived in
London about 25th May, 1629, and left about
22nd Feb. 1629-30."

While upon this subject it may perhaps be in-
teresting to note that Mr. Bruce's forthcoming
new volume of Calendars of State Papers has
brought to light two letters which are curious,
not only as showing the name of the ship that
brought over the great artist to England, the

* There was a family of Kervell at Shouldham Thorpe,
whether a decayed branch of the Wiggenhall or Wat-
lington family I cannot say : but Simon Kervell by his
will, dated 1470, leaves " 1 pair of sheets, 1 blanket, 1 co-
verlyt, 1 pot, 5 dishes, 1 pewter dish, 13 trenchers, &c.,
to his son and heir, John Kervell ; also his messuage and
2 acres and a half of land, on condition that he pays to
Stephen Lecham the sum of 13 shillings and 4 pence,
which sum the said Stephen had lent him on mortgage
of his messuage and land." He appoints his son John,
and William Butt, his executors. Query, Did William
Butt marry the daughter of Simon Kervell ?

2"* S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

437

captain, and the exact day of his arrival, but the
secresy that was observed on the occasion — the
name of Rubens not being even mentioned in
either. By the king, who had not seen him, he is
designated "a person"; by Capt, Mennes, who
had, "a gentleman." It will be observed that
on '20th May, 16'29, Charles I. signs a warrant of
instructions to Capt. John Mennes of " The Ad-
venture," to waft the Marq. de Ville over to
Dunkirk, where, or at the Fort of Mardyke, he is
to be safely landed ; " w"^** having performed, you
are to attend the coming out of that port of such
a person as the bearer hereof shall bring unto
you, and him to conduct into this o"" Kingdome,
w*** such servants and baggage as shall belong
unto him, w**" all convenient speede." On the
same day Charles I., in a holograph letter to the
Earl of Holland (see Original Papers relating to
Rubens, pp. 127-8.), threatens to complain of
Mons, de Ville : " for if he goe not in my shipp,
Rubens jurney will eather be hindered, or I shall
ly open to almost a just exception to those that
ar no frends to this treatie." The " person,"
therefore, is doubtless identical with Rubens.
Again, on 25th May, Capt. Mennes writes from
Dover to the Lords of the Admiralty as follows : —

" On the receipt of his Ma'>«' order for the transporta-
tion of the Marquis de Ville, I set saile for Dunkerk, and
on the 23''"i of this present I landed him ; the next day I
received on board a gentleman, whoe is coming towards
his Ma"^ whome y* night I landed at Dover."

It is, therefore, pretty certain that Rubens ar-
rived in London on the following day, 25th May,
1629.

Abracadabra is not, I think, sufficiently accu-
rate in describing the MS. from which he has
taken his extract. He has forgotten, by the bye,
to say that it is in the State Paper Office as " a
Docquet-book of Admiralty letters." It is really
a table of contents of a book of letters not apper-
taining to the State Paper Office, in the hand-
writing of one of the clerks or copyists employed
by Sir Jos. Williamson, and was most likely taken
by his directions from " a Booke intituled Adm'^
Lres Etc'," belonging to the Admiralty. The
MS. has found its way into the State Paper Office
among, and forms part of, " Sir Jos. Williamson's
Collection," which contains several books of a
similar nature, as also many alphabet or index
books, &c.

I would alsp remark that Philip, the brother of
Sir Peter Paul Rubens, had not completed his
thirty-eighth year, as noted by Abracadabra from
Harleian, No. 218., when he died on 28th Aug.
1611. His exact age was thirty-seven years four
months and one day, as certified in a copy of his
epitaph from the original, and kindly forwarded
to me by H. B. M. Consul at Antwerp, E. A.
Grattan, Esq. It is somewhat singular that in
Michel, and all the printed copies that I have seen

of the epitaph of Philip Rubens, the year of his
death is incorrectly given, which I did not dis-
cover until after p. 6. of my book had gone to
press. Thus, mdcxix. should be mdCxi., without
the final x, which I suppose to be a clerical error
or a mistake of the compositor. In the pedigree
of Rubens attached to my volume, the date of
the death of Albert Rubens is 1st Oct. 1657,
which I believe, with all the other dates there, to
be correct. I collected them with no little care,
and in several instances possess original certifi-
cates of their accuracy. W. Noel Sainsbdbt.

dSitpXitS ta Minat cauerfcrf.

Birtsmorton Court, Worcestershire (2""* S. viii,
228. 294. 357.) — It may be interesting to some of
your readers to know that Birtsmorton Court, the
ancient seat of the Nanfans referred to in the in-
quiry respecting Cardinal Wolsey, was the birth-
place of the late Right Hon. William Huskisson,
whose father rented it for a few years from the
last Earl of Bellamont.

Can your correspondents inform me if any topo-
graphical work contains a view of this old man-
sion ?

The Colonel Moncton who is said by T. E. W.
(p. 295.) to have bought the estate, was the Hon.
Edward Monckton, son of the first Viscount Gal-
way, who afterwards purchased Somerford Hall,
Staffordshire. H. F.

Portraits of Archbishop Laud (2"^ S. viii. 309.)
— The Abp. was a great benefactor to Henley-on-
Thames, and a portrait of him is in the Council
Chamber of this town. John S. Burn.

From a fly-leaf of a MS. I took the following
note as an addendum to the portraits of this ec»
clesiastic : —

" Portrait at Amesbury, Oct. 15, 1784, of Arbp. Laud
by Vandyke."

C. Hopper.

Change in the Dedication of Churches (2"* S.
vii. 255.)^ The following may interest B. B.
Woodward. The church of S. Martin, Leicester,
is so designated in the earliest records belonging
to the church that have come under my notice,
viz. the churchwardens' accounts for the last
years of the reign of Henry VIII. Nevertheless
it was also designated S. Cross, and the street on
its north side was formerly known as Holy Rood
Lane. In addition to the rood-loft, with its usual
appurtenances, there was in this church a large
cross which appears to have been isolated from
any screen-work, &c., of which it might other-
wise have been supposed to have been a mere
accessory. The church was probably called S.
Cross from this circumstance. The cross was re-
moved in the year 1568 or 1569, as appears by

438

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2-'d S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.

the following extract from the churchwardens'
account of those years : —

"Payd to Bodeley for Caryinge y" stones & Ramell
away where y" Crosse stoode ...... viij"i."

What were the " vowes " of the church men-
tioned by B. B. Woodward ? Respecting those
over altars in side chapels, see a Query, " N. &
Q." 2"<* S. vii. 434. Thos. North.

Leicester.

Papier Moure (2'"' S. viii. 377.) — In reply to
ToPHANA. respecting the ingredient used for the
preparation of papier moure, I forward the follow-
ing extract from a paper in the Pharmaceutical
Journal of this month, and which bears directly on
the inquiry : —

" Fly papers are sold by the thousand, and are posi-
tively stated to be perfectly harmless to animal life of a
higher order than that of our insect pests : that such is,
however, far from being the case the following results of
an examination of them will show ; the papers selected
being those known as Papier Moure : —

" Four of the sheets were taken at random, and digested
with dilute hydrochloric acid until a pulpy mass was ob-
tained. This pulp was then washed with distilled water
on a filter-paper, until the filtered fluid amounted to about
four pints. This was then evaporated till only eight ounces
remained, and sulphide of hydrogen was passed into it
for two hours; during this time a copious precipitate of
sulphide of arsenic was thrown down. The precipitate was
collected on a filter, washed, and dissolved in dilute solu-
tion of ammonia, from which it was reprecipitated by
hydrochloric acid. The pure sulphide of arsenic was
finally collected upon a tared filter, dried and weighed.
Its weight was found to be 12-675 grs., equivalent to
10'201 grs. of arsenious acid. The average quantity of
arsenious acid contained in each of the sheets was there-
fore 2'55 grs., quite enough to destroy human life."

Is it not rather an evidence of faulty legisla-
tion that, while restrictions are placed upon the
sale of arsenic as arsenic, the poison should be so
readily obtainable in the form of " Papier Moure ? "

J. W. G. GUTCH.

Dial ofAhaz (2"^ S. viil. 144.) — Mr. Taylor
will find that an interesting paper on this subject
was read before the Asiatic Society by Mr. J. W.
Bosanquet in August or September, 1854. Its
title was : " On the going Back of the Shadow
upon the Dial of Ahaz in the Reign of Hezekiah
King of Judah." R. W. Hackwood.

Barony of Broughton (2"* S. viii. 376.) — Ali-
Quis appears to write under some singular mis-
apprehensions. There never were a provost or
bailies of the Barony of Broughton, and there
could have been, therefore, no late election of
such office-bearers. That barony was long ago
acquired (in point of what is called in Scotland
superiority, equivalent to an English lordship of
the manor) by the Governors of George Heriot's
Hospital ; these governors consisting of the Town
Council and Ministers of Edinburgh.

Canongate and Portaburgh were not proper ba-

ronies. On the contrary, Portsburgh was part of
the barony of Inverleith, and the Canongate was a
burgh of Regality ; its jurisdiction appearing to
have comprehended the barony of Broughton.
As to the latter, full information will be found in
Dr. Stevens's History of Heriofs Hospital. See
also as to Portsburgh, Brown's Supplement to
Morison's Dictionary, p. 895. ; and as to Canon-
gate, Lord Harcarse's Decisions, No. 642. G. J.
Edinburgh.

Sir William Ussher (2"* S. viii. 324.) — Allow
me to supply an omission in my recent Note on
Sir William Ussher ; and by completing the case,
to put it beyond all dispute.

As I showed on the authority of Dr. Boate,
those who state that Sir William Ussher, of
Donnybrook (who died in the year 1657), was
drowned in the river Dodder in 1649, are in error ;
but strangely enough, so also is Dr. Boate, who
makes Mr. John Ussher, Sir William's father, to
have been the sufferer, inasmuch as he had died
so long before as 1st May, 1600. In fact, the per-
son drowned (as is mentioned in Appendix I.
p. X. of the late Dr. Elrington's Life of Archbishop
Ussher) was Arthur Ussher, of Donnybrook, elder
son of Sir William, and grandson of Alderman
John Ussher, of Dublin. Sir William Betham's
statement respecting him, as given in the above-
named Life, is strictly correct ; namely, that he
was " drowned in the river of said place [Donny-
brook], 2nd March, 1628, v.patris;" but as Sir
William has not given his authority, an exact
copy of an entry in one of Daniel Molyneux's
MSS. (which are in the library of Trinity College,
Dublin, and, particularly in this matter, may be
deemed well worthy of credit, Molyneux having
been Arthur Ussher's brother-in-law), will not
prove unacceptable to the readers of " N. & Q."
In MSS. F. 3. 27. p. 14., the following words
occur : —

" Arth'' Usher, f. & h. S^ W", ob. (was drowned in
Donabrook river) [interlined], 2 March, being Munda}',
1628."

I may add to the foregoing particulars, that to
the munificence and religious zeal of Alderman
John Ussher we owe the publication, in 1571, of
the first book printed in the Irish language ; and
that in Sir William Ussher's house in Dublin, in
1602, was printed the first Irish version of the
New Testament. See Gilbert's History of the
City of Dublin, vol. i. pp. 381 — 388. Abhba.

" Liberavi animam meam" (2""^ S. viii. 108. 157.
406.) — In that curious little book, Les Aventures
de la Madonna (by Renoult, printed at Amster-
dam, 1701), I notice the use of this phrase in its
original sense, — that of freeing or delivering the
soul, though not in the first person, as in the in-
stances already noticed. It occurs in the dialogue
said to have taken place between an image of the

2»<J S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

439

Virgin (which had been passed by Pope Gregory
without due reverence) and that Pontiff. In the
course of the dialogue Gregory is made to say : —

" Supra altare tuum, missam celebravit odoram,
Presblter Andreas, animam liberavit et ecce,
Impatiens semi coacta jacet prope limina clausa,
Gurgitis : ilia viara petit a me."

In which the words animam liberavit of course im-
ply, as rendered by the author, " II a obtenu du
Ciel la delivrance d'une ame du Purgatoire." X.
West Derby.

Michael Honeyioood (2'"» S. viii. 349.)— Mb.
Hart is perhaps not acquainted with Duport's
verses {Horce Subseciva, p. 272.), in which he cele-
brates the large library of Dr. H., Dean of Lin-
coln.

It is to be hoped that Mb. Habt*8 example may
induce others to beat the covers of our cathedral
and parochial libraries. No one can say how
many men of worth and learning have been en-
tirely forgotten, owing to the neglect of their be-
nefactions by less literary successors.

J. E. B. Mayob.

St. John's College. Cambridge.

Hammer Cloth (2"^ S. viii. 381. 407.)— The sub-
joined extract from a paper on " Norfolk Words,"
by Anne Gurney of North Repps Cottage, near
Cromer, in the Philological Society's Transactioiis,
1855 (p. 32.), offers a very different explanation
to any that has yet been furnished : —

" The hammer cloth means the skin-cloth, and it was
usually of bear skin. The Icel. hamr is skin, or covering
connected with the term to 'hapup,' and also with hamus
(the encircling hook), and ham, home. The yellow ham-
mer thus means yellow skin. But it may be from the
likeness to hammer marks on a copper teakettle."

W. J. Pinks.

General Thackwell (2""* S. viii. 310.)— Your
correspondent. Esquire, has inquired whether he
is right in supposing that the Lieut.-General Sir
Joseph Thackwell, G.C.B., Colonel of the 16th
Lancers, &c., who died in Ireland the other day,
was the Lieut.-Colonel Thackwell who com-
manded the 15th Hussars in 1825, and whom the
great poet, Sir Walter Scott, humorously called
" Colonel Thwackwell." His surmise is correct.
Perhaps Sir Walter was aware that Colonel
ThwachwelVs motto was " Frappe fort," a very
appropriate one. This gallant officer was present
at Corunna, and many other battles in the Pe-
ninsular War, and lost his left arm, amputated
close to the shoulder, at the glorious battle of
W^aterloo.

After being engaged in the suppression of many
riots, the Nottingham riots of 1831, &c., he be-
came a local Major-General in India in 1838, and
commanded a division in the Affghan, Gwalior, and
two Sikh campaigns under Lords Ellenborough,
Hardinge, and Gough, On his return to England

he was appointed Inspector-General of Cavalry in
1854, which office he held till he became a Lieute-
nant-General. He was fourth son of John Thack-
well, Esq., of Rye Court, Worcestershire, Lord of
the Manors of Berrow and Birtsmorton in that
county, a direct descendant of the Rev. Thomas
Thackwell who was vicar of Waterperry, Oxford-
shire, in 1607. Sir Joseph's death took place very
soon after that of his last surviving brother, the
Rev. Stephen Thackwell, rector of Birtsmorton,
Worcestershire. His breast was covered with
medals and orders. WAVEBiiEr.

Col. Thackwell was the same officer who died
the other day ; the late Lieut.- General Sir Joseph
Thackwell, G.C.B., having entered the 15th Light
Dragoons (Hussars) in 1800.

Who his father was may be seen by a reference
to Dod's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage.

S. D. S.

YorkshireWorthies (2°^ S. viii. 207.)— It may not
be uninteresting to Mb. Gutch to learn that a
prospectus has recently been issued by Dr. Ingle-
dew, F.G.H.S., &c., announcing as in preparation
for the press. The Worthies of Yorkshire, from
the earliest period to the present time. E. E.

Extraordinary Birth (2"^ S. viii. 299.) — F.
C. H. says the wife of a man in humble life near
Bromsgrove had four children at one birth, and
that they all lived.

I would refer the readers of " N. & Q." to a
similar circumstance mentioned in the History of
the Ruined Church Cambridge (by J. Hatt, Peas
Hill, Cambridge) : —

" On 5th November, 1766, four children of Henry Coe,
a shoemaker, two male and two female, at one birth,
were baptized."

The register-book states that the procession to
the church was attended by a great concourse of
people, as there were sixteen sponsors, besides the
father, nurses, and others. The mother doing
well. The names of the children were William
and Henry, Elizabeth and Sarah. R. R. F.

" Andrew,''* an Afternoon's Luncheon : *' Gaff-
man " (2»'i S. viii. 328.) — In Halliwell's Diction-
ary will be found several words which throw light
upon " Andrew " in the above sense. " Anders-
meat, an afternoon's luncheon." " Jamieson says
that orntren in Scotland is the repast taken be-
tween dinner and supper. Cotgrave several times
mentions aunders-meat as anafternoon's refresh-
ment." " Undermele, the afternoon. Chaucer.
Later writers use the term for an afternoon meal."

All these words, " Andrew " included, appear
to be connected with the old English " Andyrs,
other," with which cf. the German " ander, the
other," and " der andere, the second ; " as if the
"Andrew," "undermele," "orntren," or "aunders-
meat," were another or a second meal. " Aunder "

440

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2''d S. VIII. Nov. 26. '69.

was also used in old Eng. to signify the afternoon
or evening (Halliwell).

Wachter connects the German ander (alius)
with Goth, anthar. " Ander " does duty for " An-
drew " in the old term " Andersmas," S. Andrew's
Day.

*' Gaffer, a head labourer or workman. WesV
Halliwell. " Gaffman " (the servant who superin-
tends a farm), properly an overlooker. Old Ger.
gaffen^ adspectare" Thomas Boys.

Crooked Boundaries of Fields (2'"> S. viii. 19.)
— These arise from three circumstances : 1st, the
running of the water in the ditches, which, like
rivers and all streams, work themselves a crooked
course by indenting any soft place there may be
in the bank, and, flying off at an angle with in-
creased impetus against the opposite side, much
as a billiard ball does off a cushion, make a corre-
sponding indentation a little farther on. The
second cause is the growth of large trees on the
banks ; the roots or "toes" of which tree project
into the ditch for the sake of the moisture, and
as the neighbours do not like to injure the timber,
they cut the ditch closer into the land between
them, so as to make a sort of give-and-take line.
The third cause, which accounts for the large
curves often found in fences, is that they have
followed the boundary or edge of some old pond
or pool, since drained and filled up or levelled.
On comparison with old maps I have known
fences which were set out quite straight in allot-
ments a hundred years ago, have now become
considerably crooked. And only a short time ago,
in making a survey, I found a river had changed
its course, and had become more crooked, to an
extent of nearly double its width, since a map
made in 1745. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Wm. Shahspeare Payton (2°* S. viii. 292.) —
The Query of Me. E. Y. Lowne on the above
name, and some similar ones previously inserted
in " N. & Q." as well aa other papers, leads me
to imagine that few who are not residents in or
near Warwickshire have any idea how common
the name is there. The Birmingham Directory for
1858 contains five Shakespeares and four Shake-
spears ; and these nine individuals probably re-
present at least forty persons of the name in that
town only. There are many more in the neigh-
bourhood ; and when to all these are added the
numerous allied families, individuals of which
have Shakspeare for a second or middle name, it
is likely that there are hundreds of the name
within a radius of a few miles. N. J. A.

Blue Blood (2°« S. vii. 47.) — The Query, ask-
ing an explanation of this expression in its Spanish
meaning, as intimating illustrious birth and high
extraction, has hitherto remained without a reply.

On referring to the Aventures of Don J. de Var-
gas, recently cited in your columns (p. 355.), I
find a note by the learned Editor which throws
some light upon the subject ; though not, perhaps,
all that is required. It appears that the Spa-
niards reckon three degrees of nobility: I. the
highest and most illustrious ; 2. that which is
somewhat less exalted, but still pure ; 3. that
which has some plebeian admixture ; and that to
these three degrees appertain the respective de-
signations of blue blood, red blood, and yellow
blood : —

" L'orgueil castellan distingue dans la noblesse trois
especes de sang : sangre azul (sang bleu), se dit de la
noblesse la plus illustre ; sangre Colorado (sang rouge), de
la bonne noblesse; sangre amarillo (sang jaune), de cells
qui a re9U quelque m^ange de sang pl^b^ian." — AveiU.
p. 9.

And now can any of your learned readers sup-
ply what is yet deficient, by explaining this appor-
tionment of the three colours, blue, red, and
yellow ? It does not appear to be heraldic ; but
one can hardly deem it altogether fanciful.

Thomas Boys.

Quotation (2"'' S. viii. 327.)— In the Appendix
xxiv., XXV., and xxvi. to the

" Memoirs of the most renowned James Graham, Mar-
quis of Montrose. Translated from the Latin of the Rev.
Dr. George Wishart, afterwards Bishop of Edinburgh."
Edinburgh, 1819,

will be found specimens of the marquis's poetical
genius. I copy the first two verses of the poem
from which the quotation was taken : —
Part First.
" My dear and only love I pray
This noble world of thee,
Be governed by no other sway,

But purest monarchie.
For if confusion have a part.

Which vertuous souls abhore,
And hold a synod in thy heart,
I'll never love thee more.

" Like Alexander, I will reign.
And I will reign alone ;
My thoughts shall evermore disdain

A rival on my throne.
He either fears his fate too much,

Or his deserts are small,
That puts it not unto the touch,
To win or lose it all," &c.

Belater Adime.

Kenrick Family (2°^ S. viii. 328.) — A person
of that name was Mayor of Bewdley in 1778.
There are none of that family now resident in the
town ; but in a neighbouring parish, Astley, Wor-
cestershire, the name still continues. T. E. W.

Heralds' Visitations (2""' S. viii. 303.)— To this
list may be added, 1684, Huntingdonshire (MSS.
CoUege-at-Arms, K 7. ; quoted In Gorham's His-
tory ofEynesbury and St. Neots, p. 154.).

Joseph Bix.

2°'! S. VIII. Nov. 26. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

4il

Cleanctus (2'^'* S, viii. 310.) —

I never read Theophrastus, but think I can
save M. E. the trouble of a search without going
so far : —

" Kal irrpaTtiiyoi ovfi' oc ets
Tiiv jrpOTOu <rCrri<riv y)-nja' ipofievot K\taiveTov."

Eqvites, v. 670.
" Never then did general.
Though ambitious of the Hall,
Pay the tribute of his knee
To Cleaenctus *, that he
Might his commons get cost-free."

The misprint repeated probably overcame the
doubt which the hitch in the fourth line must
have suggested to so good a versifier as Mr.
Dyer. H. B. C.

V. U. Club.

John Pope, Gentleman (2"* S. viii. 378.)— I be-
lieve the John Pope inquired after by Me. Corner,
was the only brother of Sir Thomas Pope, the
munificent founder of Trinity College, Oxford.
He was settled at Wroxton, in Oxfordshire, in the
reign of Edward VI., where he was buried Jan.
24, 1583. He appears to have been a large holder
of Abbey lands. In 1544 he purchased of Henry
VIII. the estates belonging to the dissolved Canons
of Kenilworth for 1501Z. 13s. 8c?. (Dugdale's
Warwickshire, p. 474.) In the same year he re-
ceived a grant of the site of the house of Fran-
ciscan Friars at Lincoln (Tanner's Not. Mon., fol.
p. 281.); as also, with others, the site of the
Black Friars at Beverley, in Yorkshire {Ibid., p.
689.). In 1545, he received some lands belong-
ing to the Priory of Blleigh, in Essex (Newcourt's
B.ep., ii. 610.). Numerous other instances from
patents and privy seals might easily be adduced,
but probably the above is sufficient to show the
nature of his large possessions.

He was three times married, and left issue
three sons and seven daughters. A curious and
minute account of his descendants is given in the
Appendix to Thomas Warton's Life of Sir
Thomas Pope, 2nd Edition, with Corrections and
Additions, 8vo., 1780. Edward F. Rimbault.

" O whaur got ye that ionnie blue bonnet" (2"^ S.
viii. 148. 258. 363.) — The Scotch song sent you
by Yemen, from Arabia, is evidently a modern
imitation of the original words of the Scotch air
"Bonnie Dundee," better known perhaps as " Saw
ye my wee thing," from being now generally sung
to Hector M^^Neil's song commencing with these
words. It was probably composed by some female
member of the family among whose papers it was
found. D. M. L.'s memory is evidently at fault
in supposing it part of the song he furnishes.

* " Cleaenctus was the author of a law which limited
the admissions to the Prytaneum. All persons, therefore,
who were ambitious of this honourable distinction took
care to pay their court previously to him." — Mitchell's
Translation, vol. i. p. 211., Lond. 1820.

which was furbished up by Burns for Johnson's
Museum, and which seem to have been floating in
his memory. J. M. furnishes both stanzas of the
song ; of which the first four lines are old, and
the others are by Burns. There is a variation in
the recitations of the first line : one set being
"hauver meal bannock," i. e. a cake baked of a
mixture of oat and barley-meal ; and the other,
and apparently more correct version, " a bonny
blue bannet," certainly a more appropriate pre-
sent from a "bonny Scots callant.'! The other
rendering may have easily arisen from a person
having learned the song by ear, without having
any idea of the meaning of the words. Thus a
friend of mine learned the song, " The Laird of
Cockpen" in her youth, and used to sing about
Miss Jean being " a penniless lass with a lamp o'
degree,^' instead of " a penniless lass wi' a lang
pedigree," the latter word being evidently far
above her comprehension. I lately observed
among the newspaper scraps, that a young lady
had learned one of Moore's Irish Melodies by ear,
and used to delight herself and enchant her com-
panions by singing of two lovers, that —
" He bolted the hock ;
She salted it down."

Till, unluckily, one day she by chance found the
words in print, and for the first time learned that
they ought to be —

" He bold as the hawk ;
She soft as the dawn."

Which, of course, would silence her on this sub-
ject for ever. J. A. Perthensis.

The Boyle Lectures (2"^ S. viii. 352.)— I have
diligently referred to the places indicated in your
last number, but have only gleaned from them
one name of a Boyle Lecturer in addition to the
list given by Darling : that of Canon Words-
worth, who is said to have preached and pub-
lished in 1854. Mr. Maurice's date is 1846-
1847. This information only adds to the list of
lacuncB. What preachers filled the oflice before
Canon Wordsworth ? And who have been ap-
pointed since ?

Your columns also say that the trustees " are
(were, 1854,) the Duke of Devonshire, the Earl
of Burlington, and the Bp. of London." Two of
these eminent persons are dead. The Earl of
Burlington is now the Duke of Devonshire.

Again I ask, who are the existing trustees ?
Have they funds ? If not, why not ? If they
exist, how are they used ? Is there no clerk or
solicitor to the trustees ? Are there no records ?

It is certainly very curious that there should be
more difficulty in ascertaining the fate of an in-
stitution not two centuries old, than in discover-
ing the names of Athenian orators, and fixing the
date of their orations.

I have an idea that the present Bishop of Lin-

44^

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

t2»<> S. VlII. TSov. 26. 'od.

coin preached the Boyle Lecture while at St.
James's — but I am not certain.

Some of these metropolitan institutions require
to be looked up. What has become of the once
celebrated Shoreditch Lecture, held for many years
by the Rev. J. J. Ellis, who died about four years
since? What is effected with the funds of Dr.
Bray's Associates, whose secretary, Dr. Wesley,
has just deceased ?

I should like very much to see a catalogue of
the Warburtonian Lectures. Possibly this might
be obtained at Lincoln's Inn. Who has the ap-
pointment of this lecturer ?

While I am on the subject I would ask, does a
Catalogue of the Donnellan (Irish) Lectures exist?

An Enquiree.

Duke of Bolton (2"* S. viii. 355,)— Granger, in
his Biographical Dictionary (iv. 268,, ed. 1775)',
gives the following character of Charles, Marquis
of Winchester, created Duke of Bolton : —

" This nobleman, when he saw that men of sense were
at their wits' end in the arbitrary and tyrannical reign
of James the Second, thought it prudent to assume the
character of a madman, as the first Brutus did in the
reign of Tarquin : he danced, hunted, or hawked a good
part of the day, went to bed before noon, and constantly
sat at table all night. He went to dinner at six or seven
in the evening, and his meal lasted till six or seven next
morning ; during which he ate, drank, smoked, talked, or
listened to music. The company that dined with him
were at liberty to rise and amuse themselves, or take a
nap whenever they were so disposed, but the dishes and
bottles were all the while standing upon the table. Such
a man as this was thought a very unlikely person to con-
cern himself with politics, or with religion. By this con-
duct he was neither embroiled in public afi^airs, nor gave
the least umbrage to the Court ; but he exerted himself
so much at the Revolution, that he was, for his eminent
services, created Duke of Bolton ; he afterwards raised a
regiment of foot for the reduction of Ireland."

R. W, Hackwood.

Duchess of Bolton (2°'* S. viii. 291.) — A 6ne
portrait of the Polly Peachum, Duchess of Bolton,
exists at the family seat of Hackwood, Hants.

■ M. 4.

Crest of Aylward Family (2°^ S. viii. 330.) —
The arms of Alward alias Anphord as granted by
Barker (Garter, temp. Hen. VIII.) are ar. on a
saltire az. between four griffins' heads erased, gu. a
leopard's face, or, between four lozenges of the first.
Crest: a hind's head az., gorged with three be-
zants between two oak slips, vert, fructed gold,
between two barres gemelles, or. Cl, Hopper.

The great Bell of Moscow : Reputed Chinese In-
ventions : the Compass (2°^ S. viii. -306.) — In his
Note regarding the great bells at Westminster
Palace, Mb. Buckton seems to infer that the mon-
ster bell of Moscow was fractured during the pro-
cess of ringing. This, however, is not the case,
for, because of its weight, the bell never was sus-

S ended. The fact is that during a fire at the
Lreml, water was inconsiderately poured upon the

red hot palladium of the Moscow citizens, and
this occasioned the fracture, which rendered the
maiden bell perfectly unfit for use. It has now
been placed on a pedestal, and the fragment is
standing beside it. On the occasion of its removal
to its present site an inquiry was instituted as to
the truth of the popular belief, that during the
casting large quantities of gold and silver had
been thrown into the glowing mass ; and the re-
sult has shown that no precious metals have en-
tered into its composition. For farther particulars
I must refer the curious to one of the last num-
bers of that most interesting periodical ih^Maga-
sin Pittoresque, which I cite from memory.

There is another statement by Mr. Buckton
which I am fain to contradict. He says : "Eu-
ropeans generally are largely indebted to the
Chinese for the invention of the magnet, printing,
and paper-money." Now I think it behoves Me.
Buckton to show that this really was the case.
For I do not believe one of the Chinese inven-
tions he names was not invented again by us bar-
barians; with the exception perhaps of the compass,
which may have reached the seafarers of our part
of the world by way of the Red Sea, where, as the
common saying goes, Arabs should have found it
on board of Chinese trading fleets ; but then it
still has to be proved that Arab writers mention
the magnetic needle before it was known to be
used in Europe, Is it not very probable that, in
fact, the first compass was an iron-pointed arrow,
equipoised from a string, and that in such a man-
ner the nations of roving armies, which poured
over Europe, once were directed towards the
north ? We still find the arrow on the rose of the
compass, though here again the question arises,
whether the arrow-head is not a French lily, even
as the French lily is said to be a spear-head, or
a toad. And the Arabs still call the needle mona-
sala or dart. J. H. van Lennep.

Zeyst, near Utrecht.

As a postscript I may add that poor Schamyl,
when conveyed to Russia, constantly kept his eye
on a small pocket-compass, as he thought that by
the direction of the needle he would be informed
whether he was going to be brought into exile to
Siberia or not. This was his incessant fear during
his voyage.

''The Golden Bough" (2°^ S. viii. 377.)— I
presume the engraving referred to by Mr. Kaines
is from the picture styled "Lake Avernus, the
Sibyl and the Golden Bough," and numbered 371.
in theVernon Gallery ; and that it represents iEneas'
discovery of the golden bough, which was to en-
able him to descend into the Infernal Regions,
and is taken from the 6th ^neid, lines 13G — 148.
and 203—211.

I have no doubt this explanation will be fur-
nished by many other correspondents, and I should

2»<> S. VIII. Nov. 26. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

443

have left it to them to answer Mb. Raines's in-
quiry, but for the opportunity it affords of point-
ing out what appears to me to be a contradiction
in the poet's narrative. In line 146. the Sibyl
tells iEneas that he will have no difficulty in se-
curing the bough, if the Fates permit him to visit
the Shades : —

"... namque ipse volens facilisque sequetur,
Si te fata vocant : aliter, non viribus uUis
Vincere, nee duro poteris convellere ferro " ;
but when he describes the hero as actually grasp-
ing the prize, his language is

« Corripit extemplo ^neas, avidusque refringit

Cunctantem "

I observe that there is another reading given,
" Sedantem," but I imagine it will find few sup-
porters. C. H.

Tote (2°* S. viii. 282. 338.) — The word tote
has many more meanings than either Me. Mtebs
or Mr. p. Thompson assign to it. Old writers
often used it in the sense of to pry, look about,
&c. Abp. Cranmer, speaking of the elevation of
the Host, uses the word,

" Peepj'ng, tootyng, and gasyng at that thing, whiche
the priest held up in his hands." — Def, of the Sacra.
fol. 101. a.

Spenser also uses the word in the sense of to
search for : —

" I cast to go a shooting,
Long wand'ring up and down the land,
With bow and butts on either hand,

For birds in bushes tooting." — Shep. Cal.

Tote had also the meaning of to sound, or make
a noise, as,
" Toting, and piping upon the destroyed organ pipes."
-Bp. Hall, Specialities of his Life.

In Howell's Letters we find the word used to
signify something prominent : —

" Though perhaps he had never a shirt to his back,
yet he would have a toting, huge, swelling ruff about his
neck." — Howell, Lett. I. iii. 32.

In the following passage the word tote would
seem to have another meaning, equivalent per-
haps to our expression to lounge, or to stroll : —

"Then toted I into a taverne, and there I aspyede
Two frere Carmes." — Pierce PL Crede (qA. 1563), sign.
B. iii.)

On second thoughts, perhaps to peep would be
the more correct interpretation of the word tote
in the above quotation, as the same author, in
another part of the work I have quoted from
(sign. B. i.) uses the word in the sense of look-
ing:—

" Then turned I again when I had all ytoted."

J. A. Pn.

The handle of a carpenter's plane is called a
tote to this day. Does not this fact infer the
word to be of Anglo-Saxon origin ? A. A.

Poets' Corns'".

Texts from the Apocrypha (2"^ S. viii. 309.) —

" A Sermon preached on the late Fast Day,Wednesda}',
Oct. 19, 1803, at the Parish Church of Hatton, Warwick-
shire, by Samuel Parr, LL.D , has a text from the Apo-
crypha, viz. 1 Maccabees, iii. 21. : ' We fight for our lives
and our laws.' "

The sermon was published, 4to. Lond. 1804.
and reprinted by Johnstone in his edition of
Parr's Works, vol. ii. p. 625. &c. Y. B. N. J,

Mr. Ralph Willett (2"* S. viii. 308.) —The son
or nephew of Mr. Ralph Willett died in the
Albany some two years back. He had a valuable
collection of coins, but was fortunate especiaHy
in his Hogarths, of which he had a dozen or more,
including the charming portrait of Mrs. Hogarth
that was at Manchester. I remember having
heard him say that at his seat in Dorsetshire he
had a large collection of pictures, English and
foreign. A. F.

" Eleu loro" (2°'' S. viii. 292.)— The latter word
is the dative plural of the personal pronoun third
person in Italian, and signifies " to them, for
them." JEleu is, no doubt, a corruption of the
Italian Ela. The meaning of the phrase is, "Alas!
for them," as the context will show. A. A.

Poets' Comer.

Marriage Customs (2°'^ S. viii. 186.) — Urqu-
hart says that the slipper is a symbol of authority.
In Morocco a pair are carried before the Sultan,
as amongst us the sceptre and sword of state.
At a Jewish wedding at Rabat, the bridegroom
struck the bride with his shoe, in token of autho-
rity and supremacy. Thus Scripture speaks of
transferring the shoe in certain cases. — Pillars of
Hercules, i. 305. F. C. B.

The unburied Ambassadors (2"^ S. viii. 377.) —
More than twenty years ago, the late Mr. Catling,
the intelligent Sacrist, called my attention to an
unburied coffin in one of the side chapels of West-
minster Abbey, which he said was that of a
Spanish ambassador. The tradition deserves some
credence from the following passage, which I
turned up in Macky's Journey through Ejiglandj
ed. 1724, vol. i. p. 207. : —

" Poor Don Pedro de Ronquillo, who served Spain so
long and faithfully, as Ambassador to this Court, is like
to have the honour of h'ing unbury'd amongst the Eng-
lish Kings for ever; his corpse being arrested by his
creditors, and kept in this chappel above ground till his
relations redeem it; which can hardly be expected from
a Spaniard ; not but they have the honour, if they had
the capacity, of doing so just an action."

Edward F. Rimbault.

Old Boodleite (2"'' S. viii. 353.) — The expres-
sion "stupid, d — d stupid, and a Boodle" {i.e.
a member of Boodle's Club), which may be the one
inquired after, occurs in Cecil, a novel edited by
Mrs. Gore. S. D. S.

4.44

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d s. YIII. Nov. 26. '69.

Eclympasteire (2"'' S.v. 229.387.)— The readers
of " N. & Q." remember the interesting papers
which have appeared in its pages respecting the
meaning and etymon of this strange word or name.
I am free to say that I was not satisfied with the
explanation given, and I have since had my
doubts strengthened by a passage which I have
found in M. Sandras's able and very interesting
Etudes sur Chaucer consider^ comme Imitateur des
Trouveres, lately published at Paris.

M. Sandras observes : —

" Chaucer et Froissart sont les seuls auteurs dans les-
quels j'ai trouv^ le nom d' Enclimpostair donn^ k un des
fils du Sommeil : on chercherait en vain ce nom dans les
glossaires."

The passage of Chaucer occurs, as the readers
of " N. & Q." know, in the Book of the Duchess,
and there the word or name is given as Eclym'
pasteire. The passage in Froissart's Poems is
this : —

" Car il (i. e. le Sommeil) envoya parmi I'air,
L'un de ses fils Enclimpostair."

The reader will see that there is a slight differ-
ence between the name as given by the French and
by the English poet. But as the latter is on this
point only the imitator of the former, we must
take Froissai't's variante as the true reading, and
this reading may help us to a conjecture.

In "Enclim," we have "Enclin" in the state of
common mutation of n into m when it is followed
by p. Now din, or din d'aeil, is well known to
mean that ordinary precursor of sleep — a wink of
the eye : we may, therefore, without much hardi-
hood of assertion say that in the words en din we
have a part of the mysterious name which our old
poet has so undeservedly and puzzlingly immor-
talised. I give up the remaining portion of the
name, -postair : for I cannot subscribe to the
conjecture of M. Sandras, excellent critic as he is.
His interpretation is this : " Selon moi voici I'ety-
mologie — Engle (ange) imposteur." H. C. C.

" Eihon Basilike" (2"<> S. viii. 356.) — My copy
of the Eihon agrees in all particulars of title-page
with that mentioned by B. H. C, except that it
has under the letter a crown, with " C. K." and a
death's head, with date 1648 ; but there is to it a
second title-page, which delivers it as "printed
by Samuel Brown, Hague, A.," as follows : —

" Reliquise Sacrse Carolina). The Workes of that Great
Monarch and Glorious Martyr King Charles the I", both
Civil and Sacred, with a short View of the Life and Reign
of that most blessed Prince from his Birth to his Burial.
Tacit. Hist, lib. i. 'Alii diutius Imperium tenuerunt,
nemo tarn fortiter reliqnit.' Hague: Printed by Sam.
Browne."

This title is bounded and divided by rubrical
lines. It has two plates by Marshall : one the
double one mentioned in "N. & Q.," another
headed " Fidei defensor," representing the king
sitting at a globe. There is also a third of Charles

II. (no name of engraver) facing sect, xxvii., en-
titled " To the Prince of Wales." This volume
also contains the king's speeches — discussions
with the Scotch ministers. I have always sup-
posed this the first edition. A. B. R.
Belmont.

Pill Garlick (l" S. ii. 393. ; iii. 42. 74. 150. ;
2°^ S. viii. 229.) — I send the following cutting
from a bookseller's catalogue ; if the work have
merit, and if it throw light on the name, perhaps
some one who has it will kindly furnish a note on
it: —

« Pill Garlick (Life of), Eather a Whimsical Sort of
Fellow, humorous frontispiece, 8vo. Large Paper, 4s.
1813."

EiRIONNACH.

Rings ; their Uses and Mottoes (2"'* S. viii. 329.)
— The History and Poetry of Finger Rings. By
Charles Edwards. 1 vol. London, 1855.

Belater Adime.

SSliittUamaxxe*
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Miss Berri's Enoiand and France, a Comparative View of the Social

Condition of both Countries. 2 Vols. 1844.
• «• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage /ree, to be
sent to Messrs. Bell & Daldt, Fublishera of " NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom tliey are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.
Scott's Life op Napoieon. Vol. IX. Edition, 1887.

Wanted by S. V. Hare, Clifton Parle, near Bristol.

Montaione's Essays made English, by Charles Cotton,&c. 4th Edition.

3 Vols. London. 1711.
Hartley (David) Obsehvations on Man. 2 Vols. 8vo. London. 1719.
Cddworth's Ethical Works, with Notes by Allen. London. 1838.
The Adventdres op Signor Gacdentio di Lucca, &c. 6vo. London.

1748.
Huet (P. D.) Qd^stiones Alnetan^, de Concordia Batioms kt

FiuEi. Lips. 1719.
Peooe, Anonymiana. 2nd Edition.

Wanted by the Rev. M. Pattison, Lincoln College, Oxford.

ijSottcriS ta €antS^antstntS.

We have in type a number of interesting Papers, among others Mr. J.
S. Burn's on Protestant Refugees in 1663 and 1571; several Replies re-
speclinr/ Tyr. John Hewctt; James Anderson; Henry Smith's Sermons;
An Incident in 1715, &c. Mont/ of these would have appeandin the pre-
sent Number, together unlh our usual Notes on Books, but for our desire
to include in it, being the last number of the month, the numerotis Re-
plies to Minor Queries which we have received.

Books Wanted. An application just received from a respected co^e'
pqndent ivho wishes vs to insert undei- 'his head tvx) works bn the Kev,
Isaac Williams, whiclt are still on sale by the original publishers, j>aints
met the propriety of recalling our Readers' attention to the original
objects for which this Heading was introduced into " N. & Q." It was to
enable gentlemen to procure old books or books out of print, of which they
were in want, which thej/^ could not obtain through the ordinary channels.
Rodksellers pass their Lists from, one to another, and so "btain what they
require. This was to do for men of letters the sam£ useful work.

Hexameter will find an account of the Hexameter Machine ai p.
57. 0/ Vol. I. o/ our 2nd Series.,

R. Smith will find in our \st Series a Note b;/ the late Mr. Pickering
showing how common are the copies of the Breeches Bible. In Kerslake s
recently published Catalogue he will find one marked as low as 12«.

Answers to other correspondents in our next.

" Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies /or
&ix Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
yearly Index) is lis. 4(/., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
fwoiir of Messrs. Bell and Daldt, 186. Fleet Street, E.G.; to whom
a7{ CoMMDNicATioi's FOR TBS EDITOR should bc addreucd.

2-"«S. VIII. Dec.3. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

445

LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1859.

j;o. 205. — CONTENTS.

NOTES:— An Incident in " the 1?15,"415 —Protestant Refugees in
1663 and 1571 , by John S. Burn, 447 _ Origin of the Brownists, 449.

M I NOR Notes : — Truth stranger than Fiction — Dr. Dodd — An Ame-
rican Statesman's Library— Overflowings of the Tiber— Note about
the Kecords, temi>. Edward III., 449.

Minor Qdbrics: — Borcman's Gigantick Histories — Manuscript News
Letters — The Mayor of Market-Jew — Clergyman's Crest — Fly-boat

— Lett Family — Captain Fitzjames— Btau-si'ant : Beaulieu — Scorn-
ing the Church— Francis Pole of Park Hall, Derbyshire — William
Thirkeld — Biographers, and their Subjects— Frogs in Ireland— The
Tobacco Controversy of 1858 — Wiclif 's Translation, 450.

MfNOR QuERiKs WITH ANSWERS: — Wcslcy's Hymns — Passage in
Grotius — The Berdash, an Article of Dress — Cotgrave's French-
English Dictionary — The Battiscombe Family — Plowden in English

— Painting on Copper concealed in a Book Cover — Blackstone's
" Commentaries," 453.

REPLIES : — Tlie Four Kings, 454 — Dr. John Hewett, by Rev. W.
Denton, &c., 455— The Bonk of Sports, by Rev. J. E. B. Mayor^56—
Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery, by Charles Wylie, ic, 457 — Tames
Anderson, lb.

Replies to Mikor Queries : -Wreck of" The Dunbar " _" The Bill
of Michael Angelo "— Cotton's "Typographical Gazetteer " — The
Princess Borghese- " An Austrian Army Awfully Arrayed"- Prince
Charles' Journey to Wales — Arithmetical Notation — Figures cut on
Hill Sides — " Deatli of the Fox ' ' — Writers bribed to Silence — " Cock
an Eye" — Brass at West Herling — What sort of Animal was the
Bugle — Abdias Assheton — Ilerbe d'Or, 459.

Notes on Books, &c.

AN INCIDENT IN " THE 1715,"

I send, according to promise, " a picture in
little " cf a Highland family in that troublous
year — of a nobleman's family, the head of one of
the most powerful of the clans. The story is all
" rounded" within a little month — indeed within
three weeks — but they were, I doubt not, weeks
that lived in memory like months or years.

The Lady Seaforth's daughter mentioned in
the letters was, I presume, her daughter-in-law.
Her only daughter had married in 1712 Mr. John
Caryll, Pope's friend, and she and her husband
were in Paris the whole of the year 1715 up to
August, when they returned to his house in Sus-
sex, where Lady Mary was confined in November.
We learn, however, from the Peerages, that the
Earl, Lady Seaforth's son, "married in 1715" —
they give no more precise information — " the
only daughter of Nicholas Kennet of Cuxhow in
Northumberland."

The Lord Lovat, who figures on this occasion,
was the celebrated Lord who was hanged, and
deservedly, in 1745. In 1715 his interest had
enlisted him on the side of the Elector of Han-
over, and he was both active and serviceable.
Wm. Cadogan was the distinguished general who
served under Marlborough, and who was, in the
June following, created a Baron and subsequently
an Earl. Wightman had been commander until
the arrival of Cadogan.

The letters of Lady Seaforth are of course
copies or drafts : the rest are from the originals.
General Cadogan to the Countess of Seaforth.

" Inverness, 6th April, 1716.

"Madam, — I have just now received the honor of
your Ladyship'3 letter of the 5th instant, and for the

other you mention, it did not come to ray hands till 1
was on my march from Perth to this place, which hin-
dered me from acknowledging it sooner. I send enclosed
a passport for my Lady Seaforth to go to Edenl)urgh, and
1 have writ to the Secretary of State to desire a permis-
sion for her Ladyship to continue on her journey to
Durham, and I doubt not but it will be granted. I am
very sorry her coach and horses were taken away, and
mine are at her Ladyship's service. There is an indis-
pensable necessity for leaving a garrison at Brahan till
my Lord Seaforth comes in and his people give up their
arms as their neighbours have done : and indeed it ap-
pears unaccountable that his Lordship, who was one of
the first that offered to subrujt, should be one of tho
last to do it. If your Ladyship desires a protection for
your house and goods I am ready to give it, and have
ordered the garrison to pay exactly for everything fur-
nished them. This is all I can do for your Ladyship's
service, and I have the honor to [be], with the most pro-
found respect, Madam, your Ladyship's most obedient
and most humble servant,

" Wm. Cadogan.
" I beg your Ladj'ship'a pardon for making use of an-
other hand, since I am not well enough recovere 1 of my
fall to write with my own."

Lord Lovat to the Countess of Seaforth.

" Madam, — Before I had the honor of your Ladyship's
letter I obtained a passport for my Lady your daughter
to go South, and the General is to write to Court in her
favor. He was very angry that the General VVightman
took your coach and horses, but they are lost by the fault
of not taking my advice. The general told [me?] this
moment that he wrote to your Latl3ship that he was
sorry for it, but that his coach and horses were at your
service. In my opinion you should come immediately
and thank him. He is the civilest man on earth, and a
great man. Your Ladyship will always find me with the
same zeal and respect. Madam, your Ladyship's most obe-
dient and most humble servant,

" Lovat.

" Inverness, the 6th of April, 1716."

Lord Lovat to the Countess of Seaforth.
" Madam, — I spoke just now to General Cadogan, who
told me plainly he could not nor would not promise any-
thing for my Lord your son, further than to receive him
on mercy and send hiin prisoner South, and if the bill of
attainder be passed, as they say it is, it is not in the
King's power to save him. This is all I can saj' on that
melancholy head. The General being informed that my
Lord Seafort's people have not as yet taken in their
arms, was going to order a thousand men to-morrow to
put all the country in flames, but I begged of his Ex.
to give soine days to acquaint the people, and that I was
sure they would come in, so his Ex. was so good as to
delay the march of the troops till Saturday next. A
thousand men will march that day to Brahan and
Coul [ ? 1, and if the arms of all my Lord Seafort's
country do not come in to Brahan and Coul [ ? ] before
Saturday night, they may expect the next da}' tiiat the
troops will begin to destroy all and march through all
my Lord Seafort's country to the Isle of Sky, and ships
will be sent to Lewis to destroy it. So your Ladyship
I should send off expresses immediately to all the High-
1 lands, that the people may come and give up their arms
1 to save themselves from being burnt. I t's a very great
i favor that the troops do not march to-morrow, .so your
j Lad\'ship should profit of it to save the people and the
I estate, which your Lad3'ship says is j'our own. I shall
I always be proud of an occasion in which I can have
I power myself to let your Ladyship know how much I am

446

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

[2"<i S. VIII. Dec. 3. '69.

with true friendship and a great respect, Madam, your
Ladyship's most obedieat and most humble servant,

" LOVAT.

" Inverness, the 8 of April, 1716.

"I send this express at Kincraig, and the E. of Cro-
marty, who was present when I spoke to the General, is
to go to Btahan to advise j-our Ladyship. The General
likewise bids me give his service to your Ladyship, and
tell you that if the my Lady your daughter designs to go
South it must be very soon. The General desired me to
have your Ladyship's answer to all this once this night.

"I give my humble duty to my Lady Seafort, and my
service to good JMr. Douglas that is so kind to your
Ladyship. If I can I will wait of your Lshp. before I go
for London, which will be this week."

Lady Seaforth to Lord Lovat.

" 9th April, 1716.

" My Lord,— I'm infinitely obliged to your Lordship for
the concern you're pleased to have in saving my people
and lands. I have now ordered expresses to all the
parishes, that the people may with all speed deliver their
arms, and those in the neighbourhood are given up al-
ready.

" if I had a convenience my daughter would surel}' go
off this week. I entreat therefore your Lordship to speak
again to General Cadogan, whose civility I shall never be
able sufficiently to acknowledge. I am, with a true sense
of your friendship, my Lord, j'our Lordship's most obliged
hunil)le servant.

" The Eurl of Cromarty was at Coul at night, but is
expected here this forenoon, and then j'our Lordship shall
be farther informed, if needful."

Lord Lovat to the Countess of Seaforth,

" Madame, — I had the honor of j-our letter this daj', and
I immediately spoke to the General, who was mighty
civil. He desired me to give his service to your Lship.
and to my Lady j'our daughter, and to tell you that 5'ou
might take your own time in sending her slwav the next
week or when you pleased, 'i'he army is to march, but
to do no harm if the people bring in their arms. Glen-
garry came in last night. None of the rest have yet
given up their persons; but their men have all given
their arms to save their country. I intend to go for Lon-
don this week. 1 will endeavour to go and pay m_v re-
spects to your Lshp , and wherein I can be of use you
will always find me with great zeal and respect. Madam,
your Lslip.'s most obedient cousin and most humble
servant,

" Lovat.

"Inverness, the 10 of April, 1716.

"The General promised to speak to Mr. Wightman for
the Coacli and Horses."

General Wightman to the Countess of Seaforth.

" Inverness, April the 10th, 1716.

"Madam, — I have sent two or three messages to acquaint
your Ladyship that it would be very convenient for the
young lad^' to be in this town to-day, for that I had
found out an expedient to conduct her Ladyship in a
chariot with six horses to Edinburgh. I shall leave this
place to-morrow in order for Fort \Vm. with Gen. Ca-
dogan, and if I am absent, fear things wont be so well
managed for the j'oung lady'.s advantage, and perhaps
mfss the opportunity of the chariot. I am. Madam, your
Ladyship's most obedient humble servant,

" J. Wightman.

"Pray let me have j'Our Ladj'ship's answer by ex-
press."

General Cadogan to the Countess of Seaforth.

" Inverness, the 10th April, 1716.

"Madam, — I received the honor of your Ladyship's

letter of the 9th inst, and am very sorry it was not in
my power to get your Ladyship's coach and horses re-
stored. As for the two gentlemen that I left out of the
passport, there are so many informations given against
them by all the well-affected persons in the country, that
so far from granting them a pass, were it not in consider-
ation and regard to your Ladyship, I should immediately
order them to be made prisoners. But if j'our Ladyship
pleases to name any two gentlemen who have not been in
arms, I shall be ready to consent to their waiting on my
Lady Seafort on her' journej' to Edinburgh. I hope all
your Ladj'ship's tenants will be so much friends to them-
selves as' to forthwith bring in their arms, and thereby
prevent their being forced to it by military execution. I
beg your Ladyship to believe I shall always be very glad
to shew the profound respect with which I have the honor
to be, Madam,

» " Your Ladyship's most obedient and

" most humble servant,

" Wm. Cadogan.
" I send here enclosed to your Ladyship a Protect, for
your house and Estate of Brahan.

" William Cadogan, Esq., Lieut.-General and Coni-

mander-in Chief of His Majesty's Forces in

North Britain.

"All Officers and soldiers of His MajestA-'s Army in

North-Britain are hereby required not to commit any

disorder, nor to take any goods, cattle or corn in the

house, or on. the estate of Brahan, or any other belonging

to the Right Honorable the Countess Dowager of Seafort.

" Given at Inverness, 10th ) « Wm. Cadogan." .

April, 1/16. J

Lady Seaforth to General Cadogan.

"Sir, — That I should still be troubling a gentleman of
80 much honor and known civility is to myself very mor-
tifying: but the dayly distress I met with, notwithstand-
ing of the protection j-our Excellency' was pleased to send
me, makes me the most uneasy person in the world.

"Yesterday Colonel Brooks came hither, with I think
400 men beside the garrison, and Colonel Muro's [Mun-
ro's?] independant company, who I hear are to quarter at
Brahan till all the Highlanders give up their arms. It's
surely hard that I, who have been so long a widow,
should without anj' offence given to King or Government
be the only woman in Britain so much harassed The
arms might have been delivered up as well at Inverness
as here; for my diligence in sending to my tenHUts re-
iterated positive orders has appeared to the officers of
this house by the delivering up of all the arms of those
who are within a dozen of miles to this, and by letters
promising the rest at a further distance to be delivered
with all speed possible.

"I got not last year £50 of £IC 00 which is myjoyn-
ture; and the tenants and country are now so impo-
verished that I can expect nothing from them. Nay, I
can scarce get bread to my family and the few officers
that are with me.

" This being my condition, I must beg of your Excel-
lency with all earnestness speedily to compassionate the
same, which will be a true act of generosity and the
greatest favor you can honor one with who is, with the
highest esteem of your goodness and with the utmost
respect. Sir, your Excellency's ever obliged but most
afflicted servant,

"Brahan, the 14 of | "F. Seafort."

April, 1716. J

General Cadogan to Countess of Seaforth.

"Inverness, 20th April, 1716.

"Madam, — I received last night the honor of your
Ladyship's letter of the 19th inst., and am very sorry to

2»<« S. YIII. Dec. 8. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

447

find by the accounts sent me by Coll. Brooke that not
the tenth part of the arms of my Lord Seafort's people
are yet brought in. The great desire I have to do your
Ladyship all the service I can obliges me to acquaint you
that this trifling and amusing the Government will be
more resented at London than open resistance, and will
not leave it in my power to serve your country any
longer. I shall however, in your Ladyship's consider-
ation, order the detachment to halt till Tuesday next,
but if by that time all the arms are not delivered up, I
shall be under necessity of ordering the troops to proceed
with the utmost severity against A'our son's people, and
employ fire and sword to reduce them, of which I would
have your Ladyship to give them forthwith notice in
the most public manner. If they- continue obstinate after
this warning, it will be their own fault, and not mine, if
they are destroj'ed. I thought it further necessarj' to
acquaint your Ladyship that Col. Clayton is with a de-
tachment of a thousand men towards Island Donald, on
the extremit}' of my Lord Seafort's country, so that his
people are now surrounded on all sides. I have the honor
to be, with the greatest respect and veneration, Madam,
your Ladyship's most obedient and most obliged humble
servant,

" Wm. Cadogan.
General Cadogan to Countess of Seaforth.

"Inverness, 23rd April, 1716.
"Madam. — I received last night the honor of 3'our
Ladyship's letter of the 22nd inst., and being convinced
that you have used j'our utmost endeavours to persuade
my Lord Seafort's people to bring in their arms, I shall
order the detachment to remove from j'our jointure lands
and the Garrison from j'Our house. I shall also give the
strictest orders to the officers who go with parties into
the country not to disturb nor molest in any manner
■whatsoever the people that have already delivered up
their arms, who shall be protected, as likewise their ef-
fects, with all imaginable care. I intend to leave this
place to-morrow in the afternoon, and I have the honor
to be, with the greatest respect and consideration, Ma-
dam, your Ladyship's most obedient and most obliged
humble servant,

" Wm. Cadogan."
General Cadogan to Countess of Seaforth.

" Inverness, 24th April, 1716.
" Madam, — T received the honor of j'our Ladjship's
letter of the 23rd inst., and I hope you now believe your
house or estate run no hazard of suffering in any manner,
since I have ordered both detachment and garrison to
return on Friday next. I have given such positive direc-

tions to Mr. Macnale, who eoes with the detachment to
Island Donald, not to meddle, directly orindirectlj', with
any of your Ladyship's Tenants or of my Lord Seafort's
who have submitted, that I am sure they have nothing
to fear, and in case Macnale should fail obeying these
directions according to the letter of them, I shall not only
order immediate restitution to be made of what may be
taken awaj', but send him likewise to prison, and break
him by a Council of War, it being his Majesty's intention
that those who submit to his mercy should be preserved
as carefully as those who have refused it should be prose-
cuted with severity and rigour. I am thoroughly per-
suaded that very near all my Lord Seafort's people are
come in, and that it is principally owing to the good
advice your Lad5-ship gave them. I send you here en-
closed a passport for your Ladyship and the persons you
desire should attend you into England, and as for any
others you may be obliged on the road to employ in pro-
curing coaches, horses, and other conveniences for travel-
ling and carrj'ing your equipage there is no need of any
passport. Your Ladj-ship knows I can give a passport
no further than Edinburgh, but I shall write by this post
to the Secretary of State for the permission you desire to
go to London, and I do not doubt but it will be sent me
before j'our Ladyship can get to Edinburgh. If there be
anj'thing further for your Ladyship's service, 1 shall al-
ways be very glad to receive your commands. I have
the honor to be, with the greatest respect and consider-
ation. Madam, your Ladyship's most obedient and most
obliged humble servant,

" Wm. Cadogan."

I shall reserve one other letter from Lord
Lovat, because it is of a later date, and will re*
quire some little historical illustration. T. R. O

PROTESTANT EEFUGEES IN 1563 AND 1571.

The access to the State Papers, lately granted
to the public, has enabled me to lay before your
readers some curious returns made of the Stran-
gers in London and the suburbs in the early part
of Elizabeth's reign. These, and similar returns
by several provincial towns, are interesting with
reference to the trades introduced, and the origin
of several of our well-known names.

John S. Bubit.

Henley.

1563.

Vol. 27. No. 19. contains the Certificate of the numbers of the Strangers in London and the Suburbs,

20 January, 1663,

The totall number - - . iiijm v« xxxiiij

Whereof

The number that do profuse relligion which have cornel
in the thre fyrst yeres of the quenes Ma"« ar - - j

And those that ar come vi^^'m thes last xij moneths ar - >

The nombre of others not come for cause of relligion
And the nombre of svche as came to this realme before >
the quenes ma*" reign - - - ..j

S™ totall as above - . . iiijm yo xxxiiij

Men

Women and )
children - J

Men

Women and )
children - j

Ivij

i}

j Ixxix^
j Ixxijj

iij l3Utj

vij xij

ijj xlj

ix Ixij

y

viij Ix

448

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»«S. VIII. Dec. 3.'d9.

The following are Extracts from a Volume (_No. 82.) in the
State Paper Office, composed entirely of Returns of the
Strangers in London in 1571.

" To the lyght honorable the Lordes of the Quenes
Maieatyes most honorable pryvie councell.
" Pleasythe your honours according to the teno"^ of your
honorable letters to us the maior and aldermen of London
latelye directed for the Inquisition and Searche of all
Straungers within this Citie and the liberties of the same,
We on the tenth off this November p'formed the same
accordinglye, as by thys booke heare after at large appeare
nnto your honours, viz.

" Sainct Brydes parish.
" Douche persons ij — Edward Ernest borne in CoUen
and Garlonde hys wife borne within thre myles of Collen,
he a Denison, "by occupation a Taylor came into this
realme to worke on hys occupac'on about xxij'i® yeeres
paste.

" Peter Dellamare and Garden his wife, born in Nor-
mandy Clockmaker.

"Romayne Ma3'amore, printer, servant to M' Daye
printer and Frances his WifFe borne in Roan in Nor-
mandie, he came into this Realme about x j'eares past
and she about vij yeares past, for religion.
" Hance Evance, Pictorer, borne in Antwerpe.
" Olyffe Frerigg of Kerservvart, servaunt to the saj'de
Xpofer, came into this realme aboute a moneth past, his
cumynge was because would be a priest.

" Garrett Johnson came hether because his father was
servaunte to Kinge Henrye the viij*** and have remayned
here xxviij yeares.

" St. Benett Gracechurch St.
" Peter Bultayle 1
Pole Bultaj'le > French Church.
Martin Buftayle J
"Nicholas Tycen, Marchant born in Amsardam, Marye
his Wife, Marye his Sister and Janiken Johnson his maid
servant.

"Germanic — Leuis de la Meye, nobleman, borne in
Low Germanye, came into this realme for religion about
V monethes past.

, *' St. Peter le Poor.

" John Baptist, the Italian preacher.
" Anthonio Justilian, Gent, born at Junua Italie and
Mary his VVife, came for religion 10 years past — Italian
Church.

" Quiobyn Litterj' glasse maker borne in venys Lucye
his Wyff "borne in Andwerp and Lawer there Daughter
cam hither a yeare ago — he usyth the Italian Churche
but he never receyued the Communion synce he cum.
he sojourneth w"Un the house of one Thomas Cape a
painter — there is also in the said howse one Joseph a
Venetian and a glasse maker also who hath byn here
aboute iiij moneths.

"Joronomye Destroralib, surgeon, howsholder came
into this realme about xx yeares past beynge a Venycon
borne, and a Denizen as he saithe. Hospitall.

" Docto'^ Lopus, portingale, howsholder, Denizen came
into this realme about xij yeares past, to get his lyvinge
by physicke, and Lewes Lopus his brother. &c. •

"Adrian Redlegge, Denizen, mynister and Cycele his
wife, borne in Holland came into this realme about xx
yeares past for the worde of god — Hospitall.

"John Bayle, Cutter of Stones for Jeweles, Aurillian
his wife and Anthonj-e his Doughter borne in Venice,
came about iiij moneths past — Italian Church.
" Saint Fosters Parish.
"Cornellis Deacken, goldsmyth, borne in Holland —
Italian Church.

(Nine other persons goldsmyths.)

" Blackfriars.

" John Costen, Minister of the French Church Burgo-
mena his wife, came 9 years past for religion.

" Francis Luratello, Italian, Householder came into this
realme about 6 yeares past with an Englyshe Gentilman
and selleth and p'fumeth gloves.

" Matthew de Quester, Notary Public (Italian Church)
Cornelia his Wife, Matthew, John and Cornells his Chil-
dren.

" Thomas Strange, Italian.

" Gasperyn Galfine, Italian — Qu^enes Mat'e man.

" Innocent Loutello — Venetian.

"Augustin Bastien and Joseph Lupo, Venetians and
musicians.

" Godfrey Wyngys, of Luke, minister and Katheryne
his Wife — Dutch Church."

In Vol. 84.: —

"Francisco, Italian musicion to the Quenes Majestie
hath bene in England xx" yeares.

" Ambrose Lupe, Do. Do. xij. yeares.

" Laurence Doudeny, a post of Bullonie xxv yeres Ita-
lian, 2 Children and S'vant.

" John Phillipp, the post betwene this Cytie and Sand-
wishe (French Church).

"Francis Martin and Gurtrid his Wyfe borne in Brus-
sells, kepeth a table for Straungers.

"James Rouncon, Italian, Cooke to the Italians.

" John Baptist Pretmero, Italian, he is a poticary and
stilleth waters (Italian Church).

" Marks Garrett, a picture maker.

" Balthezar Saus of the age of Ij'^ yeres borne in Spaine
and came into England to seke adventures and bathe
bynne in England this xxiiij yeres and hath marled an
English Woman and lyveth by making of Comfittes, he
is a household^

" James Stonard of the age of xU'e yeres and borne in
Saxson in Flaunders and fledd from thence fo'' killinge of
a man, &c. &c. (and his wife).

"John Davelieu a maker of arras worke in the quenes
ma*'«» wardroppe and was borne at Brussell under Kinge
Phillip who haith bene here about viij yeres, he is deacon
of the duch Churche, he came hether for goddes word and
haith dwelt in the p'ish one yere."

The following are some of the trades of the
Strangers.

"Live by making matches of liempe stalkes and parch-
ment-lace.

" By making shirtes of male.

" Drawer of Renyshe Wine.

"A maker of Locketts and Chapes.

" A Cutter of Stones for Jewells.

" A thicker of Cuppes. (Query, Caps?)

" Morispike maker.

" James Vanholt, painter."

At the same time another Survey of the Stran-
gers was made, 20th Dec. I57I, and comprised
London and 16 Hamletts, viz. : —

St. Katherines.

Shoreditch.

Finsbury.

Golden Lane.

Whitecross Street.

Grub Street.

St. Giles in the Fields.

The Minories.

Poplar.
Ratcliff.
Blackwall.
Lymehouse.
Shabiwell.
Whitechapel.
East Smithfield.
The Tower.

In St. Katherines there were 900 young and
old. In the Minories 30 in one house.

2'"iS.VIII. Dec.3.'59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

449

In the Hamlets, Dutch Church
French
English
Italian
lifo Church -

- 224

- 413

- 1209

6

- 820

1972

Total of no Church -

English . . -
Dutch, French, and Italian -
Not for Religion

- 2663

- 889

- 1763

- 1828

Total of all Strangers in London

- 7143

Denizens - . . -
Householders - - - -
Seeking work - - - -

- 659

- 1165

- 2561

OBIGIM or TUB BBOWmSTS.

A curious pamphlet, entitled A Three-Fold
Discourse hetweene Three Neighbours, Algate,
Bishopsgate, and John Heydeu, the late Cobler of
Houusditch, a professed Broivnist, Lond., 4to.,
1642, contains the following particulars of Robert
Brown, the celebrated founder of the Indepen-
dents or Congregationalists : —

" Algate. John, I pray thee tell me how earnest thou to
bee a Brownist at the first.

" Bishopsgate. I have heard that the first beginner of
your sect was a miserable Doctor in the University, who
sold his commons, and seised away his part of white
bread, and lived all the week upon a sixpenny brown
loaf — which occasion gave you all j^our names.

" Cobler. No, our first father was Mr. Brown, parson of
Achurch in Northamptonshire, where he died after his
many persecutions among the wicked.

" Algate. So he that would have no church was after-
wards parson of a church [Achurch].

" Bishopsgate. But I assure j-ou, John, he recanted his
opinions, and died an orthodox protestant and an honest
man. It is true he was persecuted in all places; he fled
into Scotland, and had been hanged, had he not been
near akin unto the Lord Treasurer Cecil (for he was a
gentleman born, and of an ancient family of the Browns
of Tolthorpe). Besides, he was endued with many good
and gentile qualities; among the rest he was a singular
good lutenist, and he made his son Timothy usually on
Sundays bring his viol to church, and play the base to
the psalms that were sung: so Air was he (like you and
your fellows) from being an enemy to church music.

" Cobler. I would have given all the shoes in my shop,
had I known so much before."

It appears from Hey 1 in and Fuller, that while
Brown was industriously labouring to establish
bis sect at Northampton, Dr. Linsell, Bishop of
Peterborough, sent him a citation, which Brown
not obeying, be was excommunicated for his con-
tempt. This censure affected him so deeply, that
he soon after made his submission, and receiving
absolution was re-admitted into the communion
of the Church about the year 1590, and was soon
after preferred to the rectory of Achurch, near
Thrapstone, in Northamptonshire. Brown was a
man of good parts and some learning, but of a
nature imperious and uncontrollable. In a word,

says Fuller, he bad a wife with whom he never
lived, and a church in which he never preached,
though he received the profits thereof : and, as all
the other scenes of his life were stormy and tur-
bulent, so was his end ; for the constable of his
parish, who was his god-son, requiring somewhat
roughly the payment of certain rates, his passion
moved him to blows, of which the constable com-
plained to Justice St. John, who was inclined
rather to pity than to punish him ; but Brown
behaved with so much insolence, that he was sent
to Northampton gaol, on a feather-bed in a cart,
being very infirm, and aged above eighty years,
where he soon after sicliened and died, anno 1630,
after boasting that he had been committed to
thirty-two prisons, in some of which he could not
see his hand at noonday. J. Y.

Truth stravger than Fiction. — In "N. & Q." of
12th Nov. there appeared a cutting from an old
Magazine, which was obviously a political squib
upon the change of tone in the Paris papers be-
tween the 9th March, 1815, when Napoleon's es-
cape from Elba was first announced by them, and
his arrival in Paris on the 21st. In this squib he
is styled on the 9th The Anthropophagus, on the
10th The Corsican Ogre ; and in the same style
until the 21st, when The Emperor is said to have
arrived at the Tuileries. Prompted by your
publication of that political jcu (Tesprit, and ji
little also by the sudden change which has just
taken place in the tone of the French papers with
respect to this country, I have amused myself by
seeing how Napoleon's escape was really recorded
by one of the oldest and most respectable of
them, the Journal des Debats. In this paper, of
the 9th M.irch, Napoleon is spoken of as 'Uhc
Pollron o/ 1814." On the 15th he is told, " Scourge
of Generations thou shalt reign no more .'" On the
16th he is "a Robespierre on horseback ;" on the
19th, " the Adventurer from the Island of Corsica ;"
but on the 21st, we are gravely told that " The
Emperor has pursued his triumphal course. The
Emperor having found no other enemies than the
miserable libels which were vaiidy scattered on his
path to impede his progress."" Verily, Truth is
stranger than Fiction. T. S. F.

Dr. Dodd. — In a recent number of the British
Quarterly Review, the writer of a critique on Dr.
Doran's " New Panels," &o., suggests as a deside-
ratum a good Life of Dr. Dodd, and indicates the
sources from which the materials may be supplied.
Certainly, after the rough handling «ff Dr. Dodd
in the volume of Dr. Doran, it would be well to
ascertain how far a writer of a work half fiction
and half biography is justified in thus dealing
with the, character of an unfortunate man. If the

450

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Dec. 3. '69.

following anecdote has not appeared in print, I
beg to say that I had it from the lips of my father,
a contemporary of Dr. Dodd, and that it was
communicate<l to my father by Lord Chesterfield's
solicitor, Mr. Manly of the Temple. In an inter-
view between that gentleman and the Doctor,
after the discovery of the forgery, Mr. Manly left
the room with the forged bond on the table, and a
bright fire in the grate. He staid long enough
for the obvious purpose of his retirement. On his
return he found matters as he had left them.

The reader will draw his own inference. If
Dr. Dodd was the character, represented, the evi-
dence of his guilt would have been destroyed ; or
it may be that, stupefied by detected fraud, his
presence of mind had failed him ; or why may we
not charitably suppose that he refused to avail
himself of the opportunity on such conscientious
scruples as remained to him ?

I think in one of Foote's farces the Doctor's
wife is introduced as offering for some purpose a
bank note, as a hymn of the "Doctor's own com-
posing." Hard measure of justice this — a rope
for his body, and gibbets for his memory ! Nix.

An American Statesman's Library. — The Hon.
Rufus Clioate of Boston, Massachusetts, died a
few months ago : he was a very celebrated lawyer
and leading statesman, and long held a foremost
place in- the Senate of the United States. We find
the following notice of the sale of Mr. Choate's
library in the National Intelligencer of the 11th
Oct. Perhaps some of the readers of " N. & Q."
may be curious to know something about the
contents of an American statesman's library.

" Mr. Choate's private library is to be sold at auction
on the 18th, 19tli, 20th, 25th, 26th, 27th, and 28th of
October. The catalogue contains the names of 2,672
different worlts, embracing about 8,000 volumes. There
are full sets of Blackwood, the Gentleman's Magazine, the
Edinburgh, Quarterly, and North American Reviews, Chris-
tian Examiner, Hansard's Debates, Notes and Queries,
C3'clopaedias, dictionaries, and atlases of all sorts. State
papers, popular libraries, and the works of the standard
historians, novelists, and poets, with a great number of
classical books. There are 13 works under the head of
Thucydides, 16 under Herodotus, 26 under Homer, 9 under
Demosthenes, 5 under Euripides, 11 under Tacitus, 26
under Cicero, 5 under Livy, 14 under Aristotle, 6 under
Aristophanes, 11 under Virgil, 18 under Horace, and so
on. There are 4 editions of Shakspeare, 3 of Scott,
Dickens, and Cooper, complete, nothing of Thackeray's
but Pendennis and the English Humorists, and nothing
of Bulwer's but Athens, its Rise and Fall."

PiSHEY ThOMPSOK.

Stoke Newington.

Overflowings of the Tiber. — In the Illustrated
Times of November 12th appeared an account of
a recent overflowing of the Tiber, to such an ex-
tent as to inundate the neighbouring streets, so
that the inhabitants were compelled to take refuge
in the upper stories of their houses. In 1688, at
the time Belgrade was taken from the Turks, the

Tiber overflowed Its banks, and rose to the height
of seven feet in the Flaminian Way. A monument
was erected to mark the height of this inundation,
and to record the success of the Christian arms,
which bore the following inscription : —

"Regalis vincitur Alba,
Belgradum captum est: 0! Tiberi quid facies?
L^etitife jam parce tuae: demergimur omnes
Si quoties Turcas vincimus, ipse redis."

A hundred years after, Belgrade was again cap-
tured, and again did the Tiber overflow its banks.
This monument existed up to the end of the last
century. Does it still remain ?

C. Le Poee Kennedy.

St. Albans.

Note about the Records, temp. Edward III. —
"A Justice seate being kept in the Tower by procla-
macOn all Record about London tempe E. 1. E. 2., and
these 14 yea res of E. 3. they should come into the Tower,
and then JnO de S<^' Paullo being a privy Counsello'' sent
in the Records of Chauncerie from Exeter House by
William Enielden 2 Decemb'' this yeare, and there re-
ceived in the Court by William de Kyldesby, keeper of
the privie scale, who kept them till th'end of Januarie.
And then by precept of Kildesby they were delivered to
Evsann for these in present use, if there were cause of
use for the Records of that yeare, there being then small
use of Records of that there is nowe.

" This niayntayning the Kinges prerogative over his
treasurie, that when a privie counsello'" left his place,
that dale, not his sucesso"^ M"" of the Rolles but the Keeper
of the Kinges privie seale reserved them and kept them."

Polecarp Cheneb.

Boremav^s Gigantick Histories. — About the year
1740, Tbomas Boreman, who kept a book-stall
" near the Two Giants in Guildhall, London,"
published in a little tome measuring 2 inches by
2^, The History of the Two famous Giants, and
other Curiosities in Guildhall, London. This proved
so successful, that he was induced to add The
Second Gigantich Volume, which completes the His-
tory of Guildhall, and other books of correspond-
ing size, on the Tower of London, St- Paul's Ca-
thedral, Westminster Abbey, &c. I beg to inquire
whether any bibliographer has described these
curious books, which are both remarkable in
themselves, and more particularly for the lists of
the little Masters and Misses who gave the pub-
lisher their names as subscribers. I should like
to know how many there were of them ; as, be-
sides the four I possess, there were at least five
more. John Gough Nichols.

Manuscript Neios Letters. — It is well known
that, before printed newspapers were common, it
was usual to circulate intelligence by letters
written by professional scribes in London, and
sent by the post to those who were disposed to
subscribe for their reception. The country squire.

2''<« S. VIII. Dec. 8. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

451

havinnr satisfied his own curiosity, lent the sheet
to his kinsfolk and acquaintance, to the parson,
the doctor, and the more curious of his tenants —
among whom it continued to circulate for perhaps
two or three weeks after.

1 have before me two parcels of such letters,
some belonging to the years 1681 — 1683, and
others to the year 1691. The character of their
contents corresponds entirely with that of printed
newspapers of the same and later times. I should
be glad to be informed : 1. Whether, in the Bri-
tish Museum or elsewhere, any large number, or
particular series, of such letters has been pre-
served? 2. Whether many of them, or any, have
been printed in subsequent times ? 3. Whether
any account of them, beyond the mere fact of their
being customary, has been published ?

John Gough Nichols.

The Mayot of Market- Jew. — My grandmother
was a Cornish woman, and well stored with the
quaint sayings of the county. One of tliem was
as follows : — "Don't stand in your own light, like
the Mayor of Market- Jew."* V\.hat is the legend
connected with this?

Job J. Baedwell Workard, M.A.

Clergymmis Crest. — Has a clergyman any
heraldically legal right to bear a crest ? If not,
why not? G. W. M.

Fly-boat. — What was a fly-boat of the reign of
Elizabeth ? Was it not a fast craft of about 100
tons, in fjact, a clipper ? G. R. L.

Lett Family. — Where can I find any account of
the Lett family, an extensive branch of which has
long been settled in the county Wexford? I have
heard a tradition that they were brought over by
Cromwell and placed there. If I am correct,
they came from Suffolk or Cambridgeshire, where
the name now exists, but under the form of Leet,
Light, Leete, and Lete. I recollect once hearing
that the family is of German origin, descent being
traced from that tribe who spoke the Lettish dia-
lect of the German language, and that the uaiftes
Jellet, Mallet, &c., are but varieties of the same
race. Ovris,

Captain Fitzjames. — Any information respect-
ing this gallant captain, who accompanied Sir
John Franklin in his last expedition, will be
esteemed by J. R.

Beau-siant: Beaulieu. — What is the etymology
of the words " Beauseant avant," the cri-de-
guerre of the Templars ? I have heard it conjec-
tured that it means " the beautiful seat" (or site),
and alludes to the fine position of the Temple at

[* Of course Market-Jew is Marazion, in the parish
of St; Hilary (« N. & Q." 2'^'i S. ii. 463.). But where is
the legend to be found? — En.]

Jerusalem. Does "Beaulieu" mean the same
thing, and was the word at any time the cry of
the Hos[)itallers? In this case tiie land they held,
callfd " Beaulieu-vant" (see Qu. " Boley Hill,"
supra), would be named after their cry, " Beau-
lieu avant." A. A.
Poets' Comer.

Scorning the Church. — I cut the following from
a newspaper a few days since. I shall be glad to
know if this curious custom prevails elsewhere.

" A peculiar custom prevails at Norham, Durham, that
if the banns of marriage be thrice published, and the
marriage aoes not lake place, the refusing party, whether
male or female, paj's tbrty shillings to the vicar, as a
penalty for ' scorning the Church.' " *

Alfred T. Leb.

Francis Pole of Park Hall, Derbyshire. — The
landlord of the "Coach and Horses" publichouse,
late " Hockley-in-the-Hole," Ray Sti-eet, Clerken-
well, is in possession of a brass dog-collar, found
upon the premises, on which is engraven in old
script characters, " Mr. Francis Pole of Park
Hall, Derbyshire." 1 shall be obliged to any of
your correspondents who will favour with some
particulars of the life of this gentleman, but more
especially the manner of his death : as from the
circumstance of a mastiff's collar having been found
here, I suspect that this gentleman- gamester was
victimised by some of the ruflSans who frequented
the baitings at "Hockley-in-the-Hole," lor the
sake of his money and valuables. W. J. Pinks.

William Thirkeld. — A clergyman of this name,
from the city of Durham, is said to have been
sometime in exile with Dr. Cosin, afterwards
Bishop of Durham. Can any of the readers of
" N. & Q." throw any light upon his history ?

E. H. A.

Biographers, and their Subjects. — A certain ex-
chancellor, hearing of the intention of a certain
actual chancellor to write the lives of all holders
of the Great Seal, is reported to have exclaimed,

" By ! it adds a new pang to the thought of

death ! " The anecdote, true or not, was current
a few years ago. Compare

" The imprudence of editors and executors is an addi-
tional reason why men of good parts should be afraid to
die." — Hannah More, quoted in Walpole's Letters, ix.
115.

And

"He [Curll] was notorious, from his" practice of issu-
ing miserable catchpenny lives t)f every eminent person
immediatelj' after his decease. Arbutlinot wittily styled
him 'one of the new terrors of death.'" — Carruthera'
Life of Pope (1853), p. 150..

Can this joke be traced farther back ?

H. L. Temple.

[* This paragraph, quoted from Raine's North Durham,
appeared in our Ist S. vi. 432, — En.]

452

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. Vlll. Dec. 3. »69.

Frogs in Ireland. — Time was when there were
no frojis in Ireland. The old song tells us of St.
Patrick that " He gave the frogs and toads a twist,
and banished them for ever." Now, however,
great varieties of them abound there. It is stated
that about a century since a Fellow of T. C, I
believe Provost Baldwin, brought frog-spawn
from England to Dublin, to test the popular
belief that frogs could not live there. I have
somewhere seen an account of the rate at which
the offspring of this spawn spread through the
land, showing the distance from Dublin at which,
in their migrations, they arrived in successive
years. I should be glad to see this account, and
indeed all particulars, placed on record in "N. &
Q." If the original spawn wns of one descriptioD
of frog, how are we to account for the present
varieties ? Might not the same experiment be
now tried with the toad ? J. P.

Dominica.

The Tobacco Controversy of 1858. — Might it
not prove of use hereafter were your columns to
contain a complete list of the publications, whe-
ther pamphlets or the articles and letters in
periodicals, which were elicited by the Tobacco
Controversy of 1858? Personally such a record
would prove of service, as I have a bundle ready
for the binder, of which I should be glad to learn
the deficiencies. Can any correspondent supply
a complete list ? Radser.

Wiclifs Translation. — What is the edition of
AViclif used by Dean Trench in his Select GloS'
sai'tj ? I put the question because, on turning to
verify the various quotations there made, in Bag-
ster's English Hexapla, I meet with several varia-
tions; and, what is of more importance, these
differences are found in the very phrases for
which Wiclif is adduced as authority. Thus : —

Col. iv. 10. (Trench) " Aristark, myne evene cayiijf
greetith j'ou wel."

(Bagster, a.d. 1380), " Arestarke prisoner with me
gretith 30U wel."

Ram. vi. 4. (Trench, p. 36.), " Sothli we ben togidere
biried with him bi Christendom in to death."

(Bagster), " for we ben to gidre biried with hym by
baptym in to death."

St. Mark XV. 43. (Trench, p. 98.), " Hardily he entride
in to Pilat."

(Bag.ster), "and booldli he entrid to pilat."

St. Mark, xiv. 44. (Trench, p. 175.), " whom evere I
schal kisse, he it is : holde ye him, and lede ye warli, or
queyntly."

In Bagster these two last words, for the sake of
which the quotation is introduced, do not appear
at all.

I would venture to suggest to Dr. Trench, to
whom I feel myself under a great debt of grati-
tude for exciting my interest on these subjects
some years ago, that he would save those few
readers who, like myself, make it a habit to verify

references whenever it is practicable, from some
disappointment, if he would, in future editions of
his Select Glossary, specify the edition of Wiclif
to which his references are made. There are very
few writers of the pi-esent day who cause such
readers so little disappointment by inaccuracy in
reference as Dr. Trench. Ache.

John Lightfoot, D.D., Master of St. Catharine's
Coll., Cambridge. — On this portrait, by White, is
engraved the following coat of arms : " Barry of
six or and gules, on a bend argent three tortoises
of the second." There is no coat for " Lightfoot"
in Burke's General Armory with bend aigent, or
tortoises. Did the Doctor receive a grant of these
arms ? Or has the engraver made a mistake? I
should be glad to know if there is any pedigree
or account of the Lightfoots of Staffordshire ex-
tant ? and if any family of that name were resi-
dent in the county of Hertford or Bedford prior
to the settlement of Dr. Lightfoot at Great Mun-
den, Herts, in 1643?

I am acquainted with the slight account of the
Doctor's family in the Preface to his Works by
Sfrype.

I should be much obliged for any information
or references to MSS. or printed works respect-
ing any of the name, prior to the seventeenth
century. W. J. Lightfoot.

Sandhurst, Kent.

Coke's 4th Institute. — Is there any work which
trciits of the subjects contained in the 4th Insti-
tute, or remarks upon Lord Coke's work, besides
Prynne's animadversions thereon ? J. R.

Samuel Woodruffe. — A gentleman of the name
of Samuel Woodruffe lived at Gainsborough dur-
ing a considerable part of the first half of the last
century. He was an accomplished mathemati-
cian, and otherwise a learned man. I have reason
to believe that he was an occasional contributor
to the Gentleman s Magazine, and some of the
other periodicals that started into existence in
imitation of the above-named serial. He was nlso,
it is said, a correspondent of many of the learned
men of his day. I shall be much obliged to any
one who may be able to point out to me any com-
munication of his to the periodical literature of
his time ; and still more so for information as to
any of his letters, if such be now in existence.
He had, family tradition says, a large and well-
selected library ; some five-and-twenty volumes
that once belonged to it, &re now in my possession.
His books may be identified by his exceedingly
beautiful signature, usually inscribed on the first
board or the first fly-leaf of the volume. In some
cases the name is surrounded by a seroll-wor i:
frame of elaborate penmanship, showing a high
degree of excellence in that then fashionable art.

Edward Peacock.

Bolfesford Manor, Brigg.

2n<» S. VIII.Dec. 8. '69.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

455

Georf- Gascoigne. — As I see that the authors
of thp"^'^*"^ Cantab, are correspondents of yours,
ma/ I take the liberty of asking them through
70U where I can find the papers rehitive to the
(George Gascoigne who was "in trouble" in 1548,
mentioned in their excellent Life of the poet ?

G. H. K.

John Bull. — At what period was this national

sobi'iquet given to, or assumed by, the people of

England P— and what is the earliest authority for

its use ? * J. E. T.

:^tn0r ^wtxiti iuttlj ^niiatxi.

Wesley s Hijmns. — I have an imperfect copy
of Wesley's Hymns with the mvisic annexed, of
which I should be glad to know the date, and
the number of the edition. The title-page is
missing. The preface consists of three paragraphs.
In the third Wesley says : — •

"I have been endeavouring for more than twenty
years to procure such a book as this. But in vain : Mas-
ters of Music were above following any direction but their
own. And I was determined whoever compiled this
should follow my direction : not mending our Tunes, but
setting them down, neither better nor worse than they
were. At length I have prevailed."

He recommends this book " preferably to all
others." Some of the hymns are not in the col-
lection now used by the people called Methodists.

John Maclean.

Hammersmith.

[Mr. David Creamer, in his Methodist Hymnologtj {^evf
York, 12mo., 1848, p. 191.), informs us, that "Mr. John
W-es!e_v, in 1761, published a work entitled Select Hymns,
with Tunes Annexed ; designed chiefly for the Use of the
People called 3Iethodists." Then follows an extract from
the Preface, as quoted by our correspondent.]

Passage in Grotius. — The following passage oc-
curs in Emerson's Representative Men, Shakespeare
or the Poet : —

"Grotius makes the like remark in respect to the
Lord's Prayer, that the single clauses, of which it is com-
posed, were already in use in the time of Christ, in the
rabbinical forms. He picked out the grains of gold."

I should be glad to be informed in what work
of Grotius this statement is to be found ?

E. D.H.

[We cannot find the passage in Grotius, but Dr. Light-
foot {Eruhhin, or Miscellanies, 1629, p. 57. ; Works, ed.
1684, i. 1003.) has a similar statement. He says, "The
whole Lord's Prayer might almost be picked out of the
works of the Jews, for they deny not tlie words, though
they contradict the force of it. The first words of it they
use frequently, as ' Our Father which art in heaven,' in
their Common Prayer Book, fol. 5. ; and ' Humble your
hearts before your Father which is in heaven,' in Rosh
hashana. But they have as much devotion toward the
Father while they deny the Son, as the heathens had
which could saj' ' ZeO irorep ^fieVepe KpovCSri' ' Our Father

[* Qy. Is there an earlier instance of it than 1712,
when Arbuthnot published his well-known History of
JohnBullf]

Jupiter,' and worshipped an unknown God, Acts xvii.
The}' pray almost in everj' other prayer, ' Thy kingdom
come,' and that Bimherafi bejamenu quickly, even in our
days; but it is for an earthly kingdom they thus look
and pray. They pray ' Lead us not into temptation,' foL
4., Liturg., while they 'tempt Him that led them in the
wilderness, as did their fathers.' Ps. xcv."]

The Berdash, an Article of Dress. — The author
of The Guardian for March 23, 1712-13, says : —
" I have prepared a treatise against the cravat and
berdash, which I am told is not ill done." And
in the Prologue to the ballad opera of The Female
Parson, or Beau in the Sudds, by Charles Coffey,
1730, among the requisites of a beau, we read of
— " Cane, ruffles, sword-knot, berdash, hat and
feather, perfumes, fine essence, brought from Lord
knows whither."

What is- the berdash f and how is it connected,
if at all, with the well-known term haberdasher ?•
Strutt, Planche, Fairholt, and other writers on
costume, do not notice the berdash.

Edward F. Rimb^iilt.

[" Berdash. A neck-cloth. The meaning of this term
is doubtful." (Halliwell.) May it not be berd-tachef
Tache, a loop, fastening, or band. Sometimes tache was
" the piece which covered the pocket." lb. Berd, old
Eng. and A.-S. for beard. There does seem to be some
connexion, as our correspondent suggests, between ber-
dash and haberdasher. " Berdash, in Antiquity, was a
name formerly used in England for a certain kind of
neck-dress ; and hence a person who made or sold such
neck-cloths was called a berdasher, from which is derived
our word haberdasher." (Chambers.) This same union of
the indefinite article with the noun, which from a ber-
dasher produces haberdasher, has been supposed to have
given us the much-disputed word alligator. Our sailors,
on landing upon the tropical coasts of America, the first
time they saw a crocodile exclaimed "That's a lagarto"
(a lizard). Hence alligator. On the contrarj', we some-
times get the article by separation, as in the phrase " to
run a muck." This was properly " to run amock," or " to
run amooa."'\

Cotgraoes French- English Dictionary. — What
is the history of the above work, the dates of its
different editions, and the names of the editors ?
and where can I find a memoir of Randle Cot-
grave, t^e original compiler ? 2. 2.

[The first edition of Cotgrave's Dictionarie of the
French and English Tongues, was published in 1611, fol.
To the second edition is annexed " A most Copious Dic-
tionarie of the English set before the French, by S. L."
[R. Sherwood, Londoner], fol. 1632. To the third edition
are added " Tlie Animadversions and Supplements of
James Howell," j"ol. 1650, 1060, 1673. The next edition
is entitled A French and English Dictionary, composed
by Randle Cotgrave, with another in English and French
[by R. Sherwood]. Whereunto are added. Sundry
Animadversions, Supplements, a Grammar, and a Dia-
logue of Gallicisms, by James Howell. 2 Parts, Lond.
fol. 1773—72. We shall be glad to receive some bio-
graphical notices of Randle Cotgrave.]

The Battiscombe Family . — What was the lineage
of " Christopher Battiscombe, a young Templar of
good family and fortune," (the Battiscombes are,

454

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>«» S. VIII. W 3, '£9.

I presume, a family of considerable antiquity in
the county of Dorset, taking their name from the
manor of Bettiscombe, near Lyme Regis in that
county ?) " who, at Dorchester, an agreeable pro-
vincial town, proud of its taste and refinement,
was regarded by all as the model of a fine gentle-
man." (Macaulay's Hist, vol. i. p. 642.) He
unfortunately took part in the rebellion of the
Duke of Monmouth in 1685, and became one of
the victims of the infamous Judge Jeffi eys ; " he
suffered at Lyme piously and courageously."
Was he buried at Lyme Regis, where he suffered
death? Had he any collateral relatives? if so,
who were they? Was William Battiscombe, a
lawyer of Chancery Lane, London, in the middle
of the last century, a relative ? Also, anything
concerning the said William Battiscombe, his an-
cestors or descendants ? Alf. Shelley Ellis.
Bristol.

[The pedigree of the Battiscombe or Bettiscombe
family of Vere Wotton is printed in Hutchins's Dorset-
shire, i. 536. It commences with John Bettescomb, who
purchased the farm at Vere Wotton about 1432, 11 Henry
VI., who married Alice, daughter and heir of John Beau-
chin of Beauchin Ha^-s. The last two of the family no-
ticed in this pedigree are " Richard Battiscombe, bar-
rister, ob. 1782, set. 30., s. p., buried at Simondsbury
(Gent. Mag. for June, 1782, p. 309.); and Robert, of
New Windsor, apothecary to His Majesty." We learn
from the obituary of the European Magazine, that a John
Battiscombe, Esq., of Hendon, Middlesex, died 22nd Aug.
1793 ; and a Mr. Daniel Battiscomb, attorney, died 9th
Jan. 1795. Christopher Battiscombe, executed at Lyme,
1685, was not married. Great interest was made to save
•him, and he was several times at the judge's lodgings,
who offered him pardon if he would impeach others,
which he nobly refused. Among the petitioners for his
life, was a young lady to whom he was engaged to be
married, who, making her humble request on her knees
to the judge, his insulting cruelty dictated a reply too
coarse to be reproduced.]

Plowden in English. — Knight, in his notes to
Hamlet, says that Plowden was published in 1578
in old French. Can you give me the date of the
earliest translation into English, if there be one ?

G. H. K.

[Plowden's Commentaries or Reports were originally
written in Norman French, and the editions of 1571, 1578,
1599, 1613, and 1684, were published in that language;
but an English translation of the entire work was published
in 1761, fol. Mr. Broomly is understood to have been the
editor and translator. This edition appeared with a new
title-page in 1769. The other editions are, 2 vols. 8vo.
Dublin, 1792, and 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1816,]

Painting on Copper concealed in a Book Cover.
— With reference to Mr. Hakt's remark (ante,
249.), " that even the covers alone of old books
contain treasures," I enclose a copy of an oil paint-
ing on copper found in an old book- cover that
had been used by a binder to rub his irons on.
The leather of the fellow cover being worn
through, it was thrown on the fire as useless ;
copper dropping between the bars, revealed that

it had contained something peculiar, am.]g^ to
the opening of the remaining cover, when tjjjg
picture was discovered. Thinking it an unusual
occurrence, and therefore worthy of note, I send
you a copy (indifferent, but still illustrates it).
There are twelve figures in all ; the bottom and
lefthand edges are jagged as if cut ; the colours
good. I should like to know if any of your
readers know of similar instances, and if they can
account for such a proceeding. Was the picture
valuable, or the subject prohibited, that it must
thus be hid ? What date ? R. J. F.

[The original designer of the picture of which our cor-
respondent has enclosed a photograph is either Tintoret,
Paul Veronese, or one of the Venetian masters of the
middle of the sixteenth century. It is impossible to
state more decidedly without a sight of the original. We
never heard of a similar instance of an oil painting being
thus concealed in the cover of a book.]

Blackstone's " Commentaries" — Tn what year
was the last edition of this admirable work pub-
lished which was by himself or sanctir)ned by
him ? In what edition of the work did he first
introduce a table of precedences which does not
appear in his earlier editions?

Some of your legal readers would be rendering
an acceptable service by giving in your pages a
list of the various editions of the Commentaries^
with the names of the respective editors, and years
of publication. J. R.

[The last edition of the Commentaries published during
the author's life was the eighth, Oxford, 4 vols. Svo.
1778. Blackstone died on Feb. 14, 1780. After his death
Dr. Richard Burn edited the ninth edition, containing the
last corrections of the learned author, 4 vols. 8vo. 1782.
(Bridgman's Legal Bibliography, p. 19.) A list of the
various editions of the Commentaries, with the names of
the respective editors and dates of publication, will be
found in Bohn's new edition of Lowndes's Bibliographer's
Manual; consult also Marvine's Legal Bibliography, Phi-
ladelphia, 8 vo. 1847; and Allibone's Diet, of English Lite-
rature. The " Table of Precedence " first appeared in the
fifth edition, Oxford, 4 vols. 1773, at Book i. p. 405.]

THE rOUB KINGS.

(•2°" S. viii. p. 417.)

Addison, in No. 50. of the Spectator, tells us that
when the four Indian Kings were in tliis country,
he took a great interest in their proceedings ; and
after their departure employed a friend to make
many inquiries of their landlord, the upholsterer,
relating to their manners and conversation. He
adds that the upholsterer, finding his friend so in-
quisitive about his lodgers, brought him a little bun-
dle of papers, wliich he assured him were written by
King " Sa Ga Yean Qua Rash Tow ;" and, as he
supposed, left behind by some mistake. Perhaps,
very few readers take this name, or that of this
king's " good brother," E Tow O Koam, " King

2»<« S. VIII.DKC. 3. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

455

of the r'»«"i" to be a real name : but it seems

that th^y were real ones ; at least I can say that I

hav^ seen them attested by the hand (I must not

Perhaps say handwritings) of the kings wlio bore

them. I believe that my copy was made from the

original ; and while the words look, at first sight,

very different, partly arising from each name

being written as one word, there is a resemblance

which cannot be merely accidental. I am sorry

that my rough and hasty copy leaves me in some

doubt about one or two letters, but I read the

first, Saguyouquaravghta, and the second, Etawa-

com. The fact is that on their return to their

" native continent," they wrote, or somebody

wrote for them, and in three cases — by grotesque

drawings of the animals from whence, I believe,

they derived their titles, attested — a letter to

Archbishop Tenison, of which the following is a

copy : —

" May it please your Grace —

" We being God be thanked safely arrived upon
our native continent cannot forgett j'our Grace and y«
Society's favour and kindness to us wlien in Brittain, and
your kind promise of providing us with missionarys to
be settled at a foi-t with a chappell and house for them,
■which we pray your Grace and the Society not be forget-
full of

" We pray that Anadagariax Col^i Nicholson may send
this letter.

" We are your Graces and y-R' HonoWe Society

" Most humble Serv*»."
" Boston in New England,
July yo 21, 1710."

Then follow the names in writing, and the
graphic illustrations. One of the latter is I think
without doubt a tortoise ; another, I imagine, was
meant for a beaver ; and the third, if not a horse,
may be anything that could be made or mistaken
for one. The letter is preserved among the
Lambeth MSS., No. 711. 17. I see that I have
doubted whether it was the original or a copy;
but at this distance of lime I cannot recollect
what suggested the doubt, and it is much the
most probable that it is the original. Perhaps the
Society's archives would furnish some farther par-
ticulars relating to the Four Kings. S. R. M.

DR. JOHN HEWETT.

(2°'» S. viii. 391.)

Two or three notices respecting Dr. Huet or
Hewyt appear to have escaped the notice of your
correspondent J. F. N. Hewett, and there is one
slight error in his very interesting article. The
petition of Lady Mary Huet should have been
assigned to 1659, and not 1658, as it is stated.
The date is properly Feb. 1658-9.

In Burton's Diary of the Parliament from 1656
to 1659, under March 8th, 1658-9, we read : —

" There was a petition of one Lady Hewet* for the life
of her husband. She appealed to all the lawyers and

judges, and told them, if they said he ought to plead by
the law, he would, and, for not pleading, he lost his life.
The judges refused to act upon it; but twentv-four that
now sit in the other house sat." (Burton, iv. jpp. 80—1.)

Subsequently, we meet with this entry : —

« March 10, 1G58-9. Lady Hewett's petition, it seems,
was delivered to the clerk, and by some legerdemain got '
off the tile. It was mgved to be produced." (76. p. 119.)

It would seem from these extracts that Ladj
Mary Hewyt petitioned the House of Commons
against the legality of the tribunal before which
her husband was tried, and that her inconvenient
petition was lost. Whether it was ever produced
does not appear. Dr. Hewyt mitjht well have
refused to plead before the so-called " court of
justice." Both Whitlock and Thurloe, when
consulted by the Lord Protector, advised that
the constitutional course of a trial Ijy jury should
be followed. (Whitlock's Memorials, and Burton,
ii. 473.) Cromwell, however, preferred a court
composed of persons selected by himself: but be-
fore this illegal tribunal Hewyt refused to plead.

By these "twenty-four" Dr. Hewyt was sen-
tenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered at
Tyburn on Saturday the 5t.h June. The time,
pbice, and mode of execution were, however,
altered by Cromwell, and, together with Sir
Henry Slingsby, Hewyt was beheaded on Tower
Hill, on Tuesday the 8th. (Slingsby's Diary in
Appendix ; Burton's Diary, vol. ii. p. 473.)

Immediately after his execution, indeed within
a few days of his death, appeared a small volume
entitled '■'•Nine select Sermons preached upon spe-
cial Occasions in the Parish Church of St. GregO'
ries by St. Paul's. By the late Reverend John
HewyttjD.D." * These were published from short-
hand notes, and a caveat was lodged at Stationers'
Hall against the book, and considered by the
Court of the Company on the 14th, only six
days after his execution. This small volume was
succeeded in the same year by another with the
title " Repentance and Conversion, the Fabric of
Salvation, Sfc, being the last Sermon preached
by that reverend and learned John Hewyt, D.D."
Published by Geo. Wild and Jo. Barwick his
executors.

In 1660, Dr. Barwick, who had- attended his
friend on the scaffold, and to whom, just before he
laid his head on the block. Dr. Hewyt had given
a ring with the motto " Alter Aristides," went to
Breda to have an audience with Charles II., and
there presented a petition with the request "that
Dr. Hewit's Widow, an excellent person, might
be taken under his Majesty's care and protection,
and that her fatherless son might have some place
given him." From this it would seem likely that
he only left one son behind him. (See Barwick's

* These extracts supply two variations in the way of
spelling Dr. Hewyt's name in addition to those men-
tioned by your correspondent.

456

NOTES AND QtJjfcRlES.

t2»* S. VIII. W. 3. '5&.

Life, Eng. edit. p. 278.) Perhaps Mr. Hart or
Mr. Hopper, in tlieir researches in the State
Paper Office, could inform us how far the king
was mindful of this petition. Wm. Dbnton.

Allow me to suggest to some of the contributors
to " N. & Q." that bare assertions, on the one
side or the other, of disputed points likely to
rouse political or religious feeling are best
avoided. " N. & Q." is not the place to dis-
cuss whether Cardinal Wolsey was a " great and
good man," or a great and bad man ; or whether
Oliver Cromwell was guilty of " vindictive
cruelty," or was just and merciful. Let con-
tributors state what they believe to be facts, give
their authorities, and abstain from the use of un-
necessary adjectives. This periodical is read alike
by Catholics and by Protestants, by High Church-
men and by Puritans, and its columns should,
accordingly, be free from party spirit.

The plea and demurrer exhibited by Dr. Hewett,
the composition of which evinces great " skill and
legal knowledge," were prepared by Prynne.

Your correspondent Mr. J. F. N. Hewett
states that the tale he furnishes " comprehends
the elements of a romance." So far as it relates
to the death of Cromwell and his daughter I
quite agree with him. All that Clarendon, who
•was by no means an impartial witness, ventures
to say on this subject is : —

" But that which chiefly broke his peace was the death
of his daughter Claypole, who had been always his
greatest joy, and who, in her sickness, wliich was of a
nature the physicians knew not how to deal with, had
several conferences witli him, which exceedingly per-
plexed him. Though nobody was near enotujh to hear the
particulars, j"et her often mentioning, in the pains she
endured, the blood her father had spilt, made people con-
clude that she had presented his worst actions to his con-
sideration. And though he never made the least show
of remorse for any of those actions, it is very certain
that either what she said, or her death, affected him won-
derfully."

Four days after Dr. Hewett's execution, and
speaking of the plot in which he was concerned,
Lady Claypole wrote to her sister-in-law : —

" Trulj' the Lord has been very gracious to me, in de-
livering my father out of the hands of his enemies, which
we all have reason to be sensible of in a very particular
manner; for certainly not only his family would have
been ruined, but, in all probability, the whole nation
would have been involved in blood."

Judge then whether, because of Dr. Hewett's
execution, " Mrs. Claypole took such excessive
grief, that she suddenly feel sick, the increase of
her sickness making her rave in a most lament-
able manner, calling out against her father for
Hewit's blood, and the like." Besides, the nature
of Lady Claypole's illness is sufficient evidence
against any such supposition.

The causes assigned for Cromwell's death are
legion. Cowley refers his death to the effect of

'* grief and discontent because he coula ^oj; at,
tain to the honest name of a king." Mr. HirvETT
to Lady Claypole's reproaches. Others, to j^q
publication of " Killing no Murder." Shall wt
not rather look to the wear and tear of Crom-
well's position ? " A burden too heavy for man,"
as he himself says, weighing him down to the
grave in his sixtieth year. J. G. Morten.

Cheara.

Lady Hewett, widow of a Lord Mayor of York,
shortly after the Restoration, occurs several times
in Hunter's Li/e of Olive?' Heywood, and at her
house in York frequent religious meetings and
hazardous preachings were held. (p. 323.) She
was a Presbyterian ; and Mr. Heywood records in
his Diary, that in bis visits to Lancashire, he
" collected Lady Hewett's rents at Rochdale." I
wish to ascertain her maiden name. In 1669 O.
Heywood visited "Alderman Hewett and his wife
at Wakefield." (p. 212.) AVho were they ? R.

THE BOOK OF SPORTS.

(2°« S. viii. 414.)

The father of Peregrine Philips suffered for not
reading the Booh of iSports, commonly called the
White Book, (Calamy's Continuation, &c., ed. 2,
p. 841.)

" The ' Pltbeyans ' of Lancashire, being incouraged and
heartened by some Gentlemen who were Popish liecu-
sants, they made ill use of the king's gracious clemency;
and tliereupon Bishop Morton made his humble address
unto His Majesty, and acquainted him with sundry par-
ticulars of their abuse of His well-meant gracious favour:
Whereupon it pleased His Majesty to command the
Bishop, to adde what cautions and restrictions he thought
fit to be inserted into His Majesties Declaration for that
purpose, which was accordingly done, viz. That they should
have no liberty for recreation till after Evening Prayer :
That they should have no Beare-baiting nor any such un-
laivfull sports : And that no Recusant, who came not to
Morning and Eveniny Prayers, should be capable of such
His Royall indulgence at all" (^Bishop 3Iorton's Life,
York, 1659, pp. 60—62.)

Among those who refused to read the declara-
tion I find the name of Twisse. (Sam. Clarke's
Lives of Eminent Divines, 1683, pp. 16, 17.)

Among the " third sort" of ministers, who hit
upon what Fuller calls the " strange expedient of
reading the declaration and then preaching against,
it," were Jephcot (Calamy's Account, 2d ed. p.
113.), and Biirtlet, by Bishop Hall's advice. (Id.
Contin. p. 239.)

If ScoTus cares to pursue his investigations
farther, the following references respecting the
Declaration of 1633 are much at his service.
Clarke (as above), pp. 162, 170.;* Id. Lives of

* The book has two pages numbered 170. That which
we are concerned with is the sermid, in the Life of Fair-
cloiigh.

2»* S. VIII. Dtc. 3. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

457

Thirty-two Divines (1677, a different book), pp,
136, 156, '^^^» 265, 405 ; and Clarke's Own Life
(before 'he same book), pp. 6, 7.; Calamy's Ac-
count p- 588. ; Heylin's Life of Laud, pp. 241,
sec; 246, 5^5'.; Stage Condemned, and the En-
Muragemeiits given to the Immoralities of the The-
atre, King Charles I.'s Sunday's Mask and Decla-
ration for Sports and Pastimes on the Sabbath,
largely related and animadverted upon. 1698. 8vo.

Very instructive monographs might be written
on the various, for the most part singularly un-
fortunate, measures of the Stuart family in rela-
tion to the Church and Puritanism. With regard
to these declarations, it is certain that they must
be mentioned in not a few of our old parish re-
gisters. If your clerical readers will extract
such notices as they may find under the years
1618 and 1633 bearing on the Sabbatarian con-
troversy, they will throw light upon a period of
church history of which too little is known, and
upon a subject which certainly cannot be said to
have lost all interest for our time.

J. E. B. Mator.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

BOTDELLS SHAKSPEABE GAtXERT.

(2"^ S. viii. 50. 97. 313.)

I have before me a plan of the Shakspeare
Lottery to which H. M. refers in his inter-
esting communication on the above subject. It
is too long to transcribe, consisting of four 8vo.
pages, but a few particulars from it may be ac-
ceptable, as conveying an idea of the cost of the
undertaking : —

The number of tickets to be 22,000 at three
guineas each.

The capital prizes are the sixty-two tickets first
drawn ; holders of undrawn tickets to receive
prints to the estimated value of one guinea. The
capital prizes and prints to be obtained by the
holders of the 22,000 tickets amount to upwards
of 69,300Z., according to the prime cost proved
before both houses of parliament; where evidence
was also given that the copper- plates, engraved
from the pictures and drawings that constitute
the following prizes, had cost Messrs. Boydell up-
wards of 300,000Z.

The whole may be viewed at the Shakspeare
Gallery, — admittance one shilling — such exhibi-
tion being reserved to Messrs. Boydell by the
Act.

The Catalogue of the Shakspeare pictures to be
had as above, at one shilling and sixpence each,
and the Alphabetical Catalogue at the same price.
Both Catalogues may be seen and inspected at the
Gallery, and at SO. Cheapside.

The first twenty- six prizes consisted of a mis-
cellaneous collection of "pictures framed," amongst

which were the Dfeath of Major Pierson by Cop-
ley, R.A., and Sigismonda by Hogarth ; and thirty
pictures painted from the large Shakspeare ones
for artists to engrave from.

27. to 45. consisted of drawings.

46. to 60. Prints, and books with prints.

One of these lots consisted of Boydell's Shak-
speare, nine vols., with plates, and one imperial
folio vol. of the large plates, in Russia.

61. Twenty-eight large drawings by Richard
Westall, R.A., in colours, for the poetical works
of Milton, and from which the plates were en-
graved.

62. The whole of the large pictures now exhi-
biting, and from which the large plates have been
taken ; also the whole of the small pictures, from
which the plates have been engraved for the em-
bellishment of the great national edition of Shak-
speare in nine vols, folio ; also seven pictures of
the Ages by Smirke, R.A. ; together with all the
estate, right, and interest of Messrs. Boydell in
these premises, which were erected by them, and
in which they hold an unexpired term of sixty-
four years at a ground rent of 1251. per annum.

The pictures are all framed, and are fully de-
scribed in the Shakspeare Gallery Catalogue, and
amount in the whole to 167 ; besides which there
are three supernumerary pictures which are not in
the Catalogue, and which have not been engraved.

This prize will also include the alto-relievo in
front of the Gallery by T. Banks, R.A., and two
basso-relievos by the Hon. Anne Dormer. What
is given in this last prize for the sixty-second
drawn -ticket has cost the proprietors upwards of
30,000Z.

The prints for holders of undrawn tickets to be
selected by William Morland, John Soane, and
David Davies, who, by the Act, were trustees of
the property. Charles Wyue.

One of Northcote's pictures belonging to this
series — subject, Richard III., Act HI. Scene I.
— is in the County Hall in this town, it having
been presented to the county by the late Walter
Burrell, Esq., long one of the knights of the shire.
Mark Antony Lower.

Lewes.

JAMES ANDERSON.

(2''<» S.viii. 169.217.)

In reference to the inquiries relative to this
very meritorious but ill-used gentleman, it may
not be uninteresting to mention that from time
to time there appeared a few years ago, in a Kil-
marnock paper, a selection of letters written either
to or by James Anderson and his family. The
provincial journal has now ceased to exist ; but
in one of the later numbers occurs the following
abstract of the life of Anderson, by Mr. James

458

NOTES AND QUERIES.

L2"* S. Till. Dec. 3. '69.

Paterson, the genealogical historian of Ayrshire,
and author of numerous valuable works, who then
was the editor.

In addition to Mr. Patereon's information, it
may be stated that Anderson's niece (see No. 3.)
was the mother of the historian Robertson, who
in this way was grand-neplfew of the editor of the
Diplomata Scotice, — a fact not hitherto known.

Of the descendants of Anderson, who had
several sons and daughters, nothing satisfactory
has been discovered. The late amiable Scotch
judge (Lord Anderson) — whose unexpected de-
mise was a source of deep regret to those who
knew him, and a serious loss to Scotland, for a
better or more upright lawyer never sat on the
bench, — once mentioned, shortly before his death,
that he understood he was a descendant of the
" Diplomata Man," as he good-humouredly called
him, and- he was to make some inquiries on the
subject, which were frustrated by his untimely
death.

Besides what is to be found in Mr. Maidment's
Analecta ScoticB (2 vols. 8vo.) — a work now en-
tirely out of print — incidental notices relative to
Anderson occur in Charteris's Catalogue of Scotch
Winters, 8vo., printed by Mr. T. G. Stevenson
several years since, and the Ahbotsford Miscel-
lany.

Materials exist, especially in the Library of the
Faculty of Advocates, for a very curious and in-
teresting literary history of Scotland about the
period of the Union. J. M.

"the 'ANDERSON PAPERS.'
" A SERIES of papers, under the above title, have ap-
peared in our columns for some time back. Repeated
queries have been put to us — who was Anderson ? and
what is the object or interest of the documents pub-
lished? Such questions, we regret to say, do not argue
much for the knowledge abroad as to the history, anti-
quities, or eminent men of Scotland. With regard to the
first query — we might simply refer the reader to any of
our popular Scottish Biographies for an outline of his life
and literary and antiquarian labours: but it may be more
satisfactorj' to offer a brief resumd of the leading facts.

" James Anderson, the son of a clergyman, was born
in 1662. He studied at the University of Edinburgh,
and, after serving an apprenticeship to the law, with Sir
Hugh Paterson of Bannockburn, became a W.S. in 1691.
He was successful in his profession — a profession which
affords numerous opportunities of studying ancient docu-
ments. He became fond of research in this way; but
might have remained comparatively obscure, but for a
circumstance which occurred during the well known ex-
citement consequent on the proposed Union between
England and Scotland. In 17()4, while feeling ran high,
an English lawyer, of the name of Attwood, published a
pamphlet, reviving the claims of Edward I. to the Crown
of Scotland, with many insulting sneers at the pretension
of Scottish independence. The author even went so far
as to quote the authority of Mr. Anderson respecting
certain ancient documents to which he referred. Thus
drawn out, and with the honour of his country warmly
at heart, the latter resolved upon taking up the question.
Accordingly, in 1705, he produced an ' Essay, showing
that the Crown of Scotland is Imperial and Indepen-

dent.' This work was peculiarly well-t^nied. The nation
was greatly excited by the project of rh» Union, and
jealous of anything that savoured of subjection to Eng- .
land. Besides a pecuniary reward, the Scottisti Parlia-
ment passed a vote of thanks to Mr. Anderson, whin the
work of his opponent, Attwood, and others of a sim*jir
character, were ordered to be burned by the commou
hangman. Jn the production of the ' Essay ' the author
had recourse to numerous charters, copies of most of
which were appended by way of reference. The sub-
stantial applause, thus heaped upon Anderson, induced
him to abandon his business altogether, and to devote
himself exclusivelj' to the elucidation of written national
antiquities. He projected the publication of a series of
fac-similes of charters prior to the reign of James I. In
1706, Parliament granted him SOO/. in aid of the under-
taking. This small sum, however, was as a mere drop
in the bucket for so expensive and herculean a task. By
March next j-ear he had expended not only the sum
voted by Parliament, but 690/. drawn from his own re-
sources. Parliament, however, approved of what he had
done, and recommended Queen Anne to grant an addi-
tional contribution of 1050/. Almost the last act of
grace of the Scottish Estates was to recommend him to
her Majesty • as a person meriting her gracious favour,
in conferring any office or trust upon him, as her Majesty,
in her royal wisdom, shall thi<ik fit.' Anderson now
removed to London to superintend the engraving of his
work. The money voted by the Scottish Parliament —
no longer in existence — was never paid. By way of
recompense, apparently, the Postmaster-Generalship of
Scotland was conferred upon him ; but this appointment
he was only allowed to retain for two years — and, as will
be seen from his claim — amongst the papers which follow
— he did not even receive the salary appertaining to it.
He appears to have been compelled to halt — or, at all
events to labour slowly — in his great undertaking. In
1718 he is found advertising that those who wished to
patronise it ' could see specimens at his house, above the
post-ofiice in Edinburgh.' In 1726 he published his well-
known and valuable work entitled ' Collections relating
to the History of Mary Queen of Scotland,' in two
volumes, which was speedily- supplemented b}' other two.
The original documents contained in this collection are
invaluable. George Chalmers, author of ' Caledonia,'
insinuated that there was reason to question his honesty
as a transcriber ; but such insinuations were a weakness
of Chalmers, when the facts of a case did not happen to
chime in with his prejudices. Anderson, from all that is
known of his character and enthusiasm as an antiquary,
was incapable of such trickery. At length, in 1728, in
the midst of hisgreat but unfinished labours, the patriotic
author and collector died of apoplexy, in his sixty-sixth
year. The plates were sold in 1729, bj' auction, at 530/.
At length the work was brought out in 1737, under the
care of the celebrated Thomas Ruddiinan, who wrote an
elaborate preface for it. It was entitled ' Selectus Diplo-
matum et Numismatum Scotias Thesaurus.'

" Such is our answer to the first query. The second, as
to the object and interest of the ' Anderson Papers.'
Little is known of the family history of Anderson be-
yond the meagre facts communicated. The papers which
have from time to time appeared in our columns throw
considerable light on his career, his struggles, and his
family cares; and are curious and interesting not onl\- as
eking out the scanty memoirs of one of the most distin-
guished literarj' antiquaries of which Scotland can boast,
but in conveymg information of contemporarj' persons
and events. We need only add, that these papers, as well
as many other original articles which have appeared and
are still appearing in our columns, were and are con-
tributed by a distinguished Edinburgh literary gentleman

jfr'S. VIII. Dec. 3. '69,]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

459

and antiquary, to whom we take this opportunity of
tendering our heartiest thanks for the interest he haa
manifested in the Journal since Ave became connected
with it : —

" CONCLUSION OK THE ' ANDEKSON I'ArERS.'
I.

" James Anderson, Esq., to his Son, Mr. Patrick Anderson,
at Islay.

" Edin., Nov. 12, 1718.
" Mv DEAREST Peter, — I WTote you this day fortnight
that poor Eliza, your sister, was ill of a fever, but had
some appearance of being better, but she fell worse next
day, and was in very great distress, and continued so,
expecting every day her last, till this day se'ennight,
when her fever seemed somewhat abated; but the day
after, the fever she had before turned into another sort of
fever. The first was languid and dangerous, being in her
spirits — sometimes scarce a pulse to be felt, after all
means by blistering was used for her recovery ; but the
fever that succeeded was ardent, and a high pulse, with
ravings, and then bleeding was used to allay her pulse.
The physicians scarce ever observed such strange turns
of a fever. Thus she continued till Monday even. What
by ravings and want of sleep the Fryday before, she felt
•calm but very weak and sickish ; the ravings still con-
tinued in all the course of her sickness. Wliile she had
intervals she was very .sensible, and expressed her great
concern for the welfare of her soul, and not concerned in
her living. Really her sense and expression of those
things were beyond expectation, and very satisfying.
She gave very Christian and wise exhortations to her
sisters, and was very patient under an inexpressible load
of sickness. Physicians, ministers, and friends attended
her very carefull}*; but her days were come, so she gave
up her spirit to Him that gave it on Tuesday evening by
eight at night. Siie was sewing with Jenny when she
first found ane headache, which so increased on her that
she came not home, but went to Peggie's *, her husband
being in the country, and stayed that night, hoping she
would be better next da}', but the fever so struck her at
once as she could not be brought home, but was oblidged
to continue there, where she died. You may easilj- be-
lieve this created us great trouble and vexation, by
comings and goings, and that frequently in the night
time. I buried her this morning in a hearse, with coaches,
having a very decent, creditable company', and neither
exceeded nor inclined to be short of what was proper. I
must own mA'self under great grief and concern for poor
Liz, who was a well-disposed child, and died very calmly
and sweetly. Our affection is scarce known till tried, and
the death of a child so far advanced is very touching.
By what I hear from those she used freedom with, she
had some thoughts and impressions she would not live
long, and just as in writing you 'tis confirmed, for in her
pocket is found two little pieces of print about death and
judgment. From her inf^ancy she had some inclination
to what was serious and good. My dear child's company
was ever pleasing to me, and now it would be veiy com-
fortable, so I hope you will make all the haste you can
hither, with all possible convenience ; and you need not
mournings till you come here, where j-ou will get them
more conveniently, and where you are, you are in effect a
traveller; and en the way j'ou may acquaint Jeannie of
this melancholy news, and that b\' the first occasion we
will send her mourning gloves and head dress. The
hurry and confusion of this melanchoU' affair has inter-
rupied me from doing any business [tillQ this day se*n-
night, when Liz had some respite.

* "Mr. Crawford. She was the wife of the Peerage
writer."

" I waited on the Sheriff and went fully through
Lauchlan's affair, and discovered where the stress lay,
which I'm to advise Mr. Forbest, and I hope to have it
readil}' done by next [weekl ere the Sheriff goe, and
will then write to Lauchlan, who, I expect, by that time
may be at Innerarj'. -

" I am also to acquaint j-ou of the death of Ladj' Neuk *,
who died this day fortnight at Anwick, and her body is
brought here apd buried. Some are acting another scene.
My Lord Garnock f and your cuzin, Mally Home, mar-
ried themselves privately on Saturday last. Peggie is in
great trouble lest George should blame her, though inno-
cent. I wish he may behave aright without irritating
my Lord ; and if he intend to be concerned in my Lord's
affairs, he has now these friends. I was ignorant of any
such intention till an hour or two before I went to Mr.
Home's to give him such an account as I could of my
Lord's circumstances, that he might consider his daugh-
ter's welfare.

( Jb be contintied.)

Wreck of" The Dutibar'' (2°^ S. viii. 414.) —
Your correspondent C.F., in bis Query, has erred
in many little matters of detail. The name of
the ship to which he refers was "John Dunbar"
(not Dunbar) of London; was of 1321 tons;
sailed from London in May, 1857, and was
wrecked inside the South Head in the nook or
bay near Sydney (not Melbourne) on 20 August,
1857 (hot 27). The only survivor, shipped in the
name of Anofino Hayne, described himself to
be a native of Hamburgh, and at the time of en-
gagement to be twenty-four years of age.

Subsequent to his being saved, as described by
C. F., he stated his name was " Johnston," and
ultimately obtained a berth on shore at Sydney.
Messrs. Dunbar & Son, of Fore Street, Lime-
house, were the owners of the ill- fated ship, and
as the survivor would, under the " Merchant Ship-
ping Act, 1854," be entitled to his wages from the
date of engagement to the time of the wreck,
those gentlemen would ere this have received an

♦ "The small property of Neuk — called by Sibbald
' Higgins' Nook' — belonged to a family of the name of
Higgins. It is situated on the Forth, and now belongs to
John Burn Murdoch, Esq. of Gartingaber. It is said that
Higgins' family rose by smuggling, and the country peo-
ple have a story that the Neuk was haunted by 'a white^
lady ' — no doubt a rumour circulated by the proprietors*
to keep away intruders. Could the 'white lady' be
meant for the female here noticed ? Mr. Murdoch got the
estate from his uncle, Mr. Higgins, W. S.

t " Patrick, second baron of Garnock. He succeeded
his father in 1708, and died 29th May, 1733. The lady
was daughter of George Home of Kello, in the county
of Berwick. She was grandmother of Lady Mary Lind-
say Crawford, the last of that branch, on whose demise
the issue of the second baron failed, and the estates went
to the Eailof Gla.sgow, as descended from Margaret, who
married David, first Earl of Glasgow, and who was a
daughter of the Hon. Patrick Lindsay, who took the
name of Crawford on his marriage with the heiress of
Kilbernie.

460

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. Vlll. Dkc. 3. XA,

application for the amount thus due, and might
possibly be in possession of farther particulars.

EvERABs Home Coleman.
79. Wood Street, Cheapside.

" The Bill of Michael Angelo " (2"'> S. viii.
398.) — Mb. Cuthbebt Bede gravely seems to
think that the witty Henry Luttrell, in his Advice
to Julia, alludes to the great Michael Angelo,
painter, architect, sculptor, and engineer, in his
two lines —

" And see, to aid thee in the blow,
The bill of Michael Angelo."

Mb. C. Bede appears not to have heard of Mr.
Michael Angelo Taylor being a Member of Par-
liament, and who, though in stature a very small
man, thought himself a very great man, and quite as
great as his namesake, though he certainly was
not so. He was, however, a very honourable
good fellow, and a very active busy member of
the House of Commons. He introduced many
bills into the House, some of which became Acts,
and were useful; amongst others, one relating
to '■'■ gas lighting," and to this my old friend
Luttrell alludes in the above lines.

An Old Fbibnd of the late H. Luttrell.

Cotton's " Typographical Gazetteer " (2°'^ S. viii.
395.) — I am glad to see Corrections and Addi-
tions to my l^ypographical Gazetteer, compiled by
literary men like my late friend Dr. Bliss, and
hope that more such will be given to the public.

Although I am now far removed from the best
sources of information of that kind, I have not
failed to mark down such fresh notices as have
fallen in my way ; and at present could add to the
printed book about three hundred new places, in
which printing has been carried on abroad, besides
upwards of four hundred in England, Wales, &c.

I have also carried back the dates of its intro-
duction into about one hundred and seventy
places, including several of those mentioned in the
last number of'' N. & Q." Of course but few of
these relate to books of the fifteenth century.

Henry Cotton.

Thurles.

The Princess Borghese (2'"' S. viii. 417.)— The
following information may be useful to W. S , who
inquires for some particulars of the death of the
above lamented princess. She died at Rome,
October 27, 1840, being carried off rapidly by
quinsey. Besides the Sermon at her funeral by
the Rev. Dr. Baggs, and the French pamphlet on
her death by Pere de Geramb, a long and beauti-
ful account of her life and virtues, death and
funeral, appeared in The Tablet of November 28,
1840, from the able pen of Bishop Baines, signed
P. A. B. In the same paper for December 5,
will be found another letter, containing many
other particulars, written with great feeling and

eloquence, and apparently by Dr. Weedall, though
it has no signature. A long and beautifully writ-
ten letter by the afflicted father of the princess,
the Earl of Shrewsbury, was privately sent round
soon after her death by his lordship to his friends,
containing all particulars of her last illness and
death. The writer of these lines had the happi-
ness of receiving it, in his turn, by direction of
his lordship, but could not take a copy. It passed
on to various select friends, and if it could be
procured it would materially aid the researches of
your correspondent. But I have no idea where
it is now to be found. F. C. H.

^'■An Austrian Army Awfully Arrayed" (2°'' S. viii.
412.) — I believe these alliterative lines appeared
in a Westminster periodical, the rival of the
Microcosm; consequently of the date of Canning's
Etonian career. J. H. L.

I fancy my memory does not play me false
when it leads me to attribute this clever jeu
d'esprit, which certainly loses nothing by compa-
rison with its imitations, to the late Mr. Poulter,
Prebendary of Winchester, &c. C. W. Bingham.

Prince Charles' Journey to Wales (2"* S. viii.
323.) — With reference to Me. Trench's Note
on former Pi-inces of Wales, and his notice of the
arms and motto of the Prince of Wales being in-
scribed on one of the bells in Islip church, which
he with good reason connects with the journey of
Charles I. when Prince of Wales to Spain, I
would mention another very decided case in proof
of the great interest felt for his safety on that oc-
casion.

At Groombridge, near Tunbridge Wells, there
is a chapel, which was built by one of the old
family of Parker in commemoration of his happy
return. The inscription over the porch of the
chapel is as follows : —

"DO M.

S.

Ob fselicissimum Caroli

Principis, Ex

Hispaniis Reditum

Sacellum Hoc

DD.

16 J p 25."

R. W. B.

Arithmetical Notation (2'"i S. viii. 411.) — No-
thing is more common than the distinction of
number into digitus, articulus, and composittis, for
which compotus is a MS. contraction. Probably
the first word of the extract, computa, is con-
tracted from computata. Old Sacrobosco lays it
down that digitus is 1,2, 3, &c. ; articulus is 10,
20, 30, &c. ; and compositus is 11, or 23, or 36, &c.
Lucas Pacioli will not follow him entirely, but
defines composite to be made by multiplying fac-
tors, as 24 (6x4), &c. And this sense has pre-
vailed. Computus and compotus meant usually

2°a S. VIII. Dec. 3. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

461

time reckonings, or almanacs ; as in the Com,'
putus Ecclesiasticus of Sacrobosco himself. To
compute, in the modern sense (a very old modern
sense) is derived from thumbing the almanac,
not the abacus. Some old vernacular works,
English and others, distinguish the digit from the
articulate number. The word articidus seems to
indicate that after the digits had been reckoned
on the finger ends — taking up the name of the
whole finger, as first tenants — the tens were
reckoned on the joints. It should be noted that
Sacrobosco means by articulus any number divi-
sible into tens, as 100, 1000, 200, 5000, &c.

A. Db MofiGAN.

Figures cut on Hill Sides (2°'* S. viii. 400.) —
Amongst other gigantic, or conspicuous figures
cut on hill sides, if last, yet surely not least, must
be commemorated the far-famed Giant of Cerne in
Dorsetshire — the Baal Durotrigensis of Mr. Sy-
denham— the Cenric, son of Cuthred of Hutchins,
— standing, or rather lying, 180 feet in height, and
bearing a club 120 feet long. Nor must the co-
lossal White Horse of Bratton, near Westbury,
in Wiltshire, be forgotten — an effigy which pro-
bably dates from Saxon times. Nor — since your
correspondent does not limit his inquiry to an-
cient monuments — the equestrian figure of good
old King George III., ambling over the Downs at
Osmington, near Weymouth. C. W. Bingham.

" Death of the Fox'' (2"^ S. viii. 415.)— I think
this has already been answered in " N. & Q."
Scott wrote some bad lines, which were sung at a
dinner given on the termination of Lord Melville's
trial. One stanza ends :

" But the Brewer (Whitbread) we'll boax,
Tally-ho to the ' Fox.'
Here's Melville for ever, as long as we live."

Scott's political friends always asserted he was
not aware at the time Mr. Fox was dyinir.

J. H. L.

" Tally-ho to the Fox " is the last line but one
of a song of eight stanzas, written by Scott, and
sung by Ballantine at a public dinner in Edin-
burgh on the 27th June, 1 806. The occasion was
the acquittal of Lord Melville. (See Lockhart's
Scott, the 1 vol. ed. p. 142.) Fox, who had recently
come into power, died on Sept. 13, that year, —
an event which Scott could not of course foresee,
though it was made the ground of attack upon
him. H.

Writers bribed to Silence (2"* S. viii. 415.) — I
well recollect the numerous caricatures which ap-
peared at the time of the notorious Mary Anne
Clarke's connexion with the Duke of York : one,
by Rowlandson, illustrated the bribe to silence.
It represented a large fire, burning an immense
pile of her books, and servants coming in loaded
with fresh copies to be thrown upon the fire.

Mrs. Clarke stood over the fire, urging on the
consumption, and exclaiming: "Burn away! I
would burn the universe for the money. Not a
single copy in print or manuscript to be pre-
served, except a copy /or Dr. O'Meara and a few
private friends^ 1 think the sum she had re-
ceived appeared in a scroll in her hand ; but this
I do not clearly remember, as I do the rest of the
caricature, which was very clever both in design
and execution. F. C. H.

" Cock an Eye" (2°* S. viii. 417.)— I have not
read the Minister's Wooing, but the phrase " cock
your eye" is not at all an uncommon one in York-
shire— meaning, " direct your eye, give a glance."
Cockeyed also means squint-eyed. There is a
curious epigram in the Elegant Extracts, which,
as illustrating a kindred plirase, may be worth
reprinting : —

" As Dick and Tom in fierce dispute engage,
And face to face, the noisy contest wage;
' Don't cock your chin at me,' Dick smartly cries.
' Fear not, his head's not charged,' a friend replies."

J. Eastwood.

Brass at West Herling (2"'' S. viii. 417.)— The
expression, " et pro quibus tenentur," is fre-
quently met with on sepulchral brasses. It may
mean, as explained in " N. & Q.," " for the souls
of those for whom it was the duty of the deceased
while living to pray ;" but I believe it bears a
more decided meaning, and has immediate refer-
ence to the condition of the deceased. Catholics
pray for the dead, in case their souls should be
detained in Purgatory for smaller sins or neglected
satisfactions. I incline, therefore, to explain the
expression in this sense : — Pray for the remis-
sion of those faults /br which they are detained for
a time in a state of suffering. It may be objected
that this is sufliciently conveyed by the preceding
admonition to pray for their souls ; but it may be
considered as an additional exhortation to perform
works of satisfaction, and fulfil obligations for
them, and for their intention, praying the divine
mercy to accept them in their favour. F. C. H.

What sort of Animal was the Bugle ? (2'"* S.
viii. 400.) — Bugle and bufle are quite distinct
words, although perhaps from the same root.
Bufle or bouffle is from bubalus (jSoujSoAos), while
bugle is from buculus, for huvicidus, dim. of bus,
bous (/Sous). R. S. Chabnock.

Abdias Assheton (2°<* S. viii. 3.36. 408.)— In The
Journal of Nicholas Assheton of Downham, Esq.,
for 1617 and 1618, edited by the Rev. Canon
Raines, M.A., F.S.A., for the Chetham Society
(1848), are several interesting notices of this
learned divine (pp. 103-4.). He was son of the
Rev. John Assheton, rector of Middleton (ob.
1584), and a Fellow of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge. He ob. 8th Nov. 1633, tct. seventy- five,

462

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"* S. YIII. Dbc. 3. '69.

and was buried at Middleton, near his father, in
the rector's chapel. His will was proved at York
and at Chester. R.

Herhe d'Or (2'"> S. viii. 424.) — There is a He-
Hanthemum (H. tuberarium) which grows much
in Provence, and might almost be said to bear " a
spike of flowers" of a bright gold colour. Can
this be the Herbe d' Or inquired after by F. C. B.?
Probably the Count Hersart de Villemarque would
inform him whether the HeliantTiemum tuberarium
is found wild in Brittany ? C. B.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

A Manual of the English Constitution ; with a Review of
its Rise, Growth, and Present State. By David Kowland.
(Murray.)

In this well-printed volume of moderate size, Mr. Row-
land presents us with a carefully compiled and well-con-
sidered Introduction to the history of the Rise and Pro-
gress of the English Constitution down to the period of
the Revolution, when, as he observes, " our political
institutions had acquired all the elements of their present
maturit3'." From this Mr. Rowland proceeds to describe
and explain the rights, duties, and mutual action of these
institutions in the modified form in which they now exist.
The book, therefore, it will be seen, is one which may be
read with advantage, either as an introduction to Mr.
Hallam's learned and more extensive work, or as a sub-
stitute for it, by those who have not time to study the
great historian's Constitutional History of England,

Memoirs of the Life and Labours of the Rev. Jeremiah
Horrox, Curate of Hoole, near Preston, to which is ap-
pended a Translation of his celebrated Discourse upon the
Transit of Venus across the Sun. By the Rev. A.B. What-
ton, B.A., LL.B. (Wertheim & Macintosh.)

We were greallj' interested a short time since by a
paper in The Athenceum, in which attention was called
to the labours of tiiis comparatively unknown English
worthj' — that is, unknown to the generality of his coun-
trymen— for " the pride and boast of British astronomy,"
as Sir John Herschel calls him, is of course well-known
to the scientific world. To that world the present Memoir
will be very acceptable. It is one in every way credit-
able to the writer, both for the manner in which it is
executed, and for the feeling which induced him to un-
dertake it. '

Le Tombeau de Childeric L, Roi des Francs, restitu^ a
Vaide de V Archaologie et des Decouvertes ricentes faites
en France, en Belgique, en Suisse, en Allemagne, et en An-
gleterre. Far M. L'Abbe Cochet, etc. (Williams &
Norgate.)

■ The name of the Abbe Cochet is a security for the great
amount of antiquarian learning which will be found in a
volume which bears that name upon its title-page. The
present, which is devoted to the historical and archseo-
logical illustration of that remarkable monument of me-
diaeval art, the tomb of Childeric — so strangely brought
to light in the city of Tournai on the morning of the
27th May, 1653 — is one especially interesting to English
students, from the manner in which the Abb^ illustrates
from cognate remains in this country the subject of his
researches; no less than for the skill with which he
makes the interesting relics of the long buried monarch
throw light upon the arts and social condition of the age
in which he lived.

Books Received. —

The Archceology of Berkshire. An Address delivered to
the Archceological Association at Neiobury. By the Earl of
Carnarvon. (Murraj'.)

This graceful exposition of the value of archaeology as
a study, and of the field of that study laid open in his
own county, is* the more valuable as coming from one
who is already taking high place among our statesmen.

The British Almanac for 1860 ; and Companion to the
Almanac or Year Book of General Information for l^&Q,
{The Thirty-third Year.) (Knight & Co.)

Full of information alike useful to the man of business
and the man of study.

Chronicles of a City Church, being an Account of the
Parish Church of St. Dunstan-in- the-East. By the Rev.
T. B. Murra\', M.A., the Rector. (Smith, Elder, & Co.)

Honour to the Rector of St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, for
this pleasant little memorial of his spacious church, and
the curious monuments within it! The book is pleasant
and gossiping, and we hope its success may induce in-
cumbents of other Citj' churches to follow the excellent
example set them by Mr. Murray.

De La Rue's Red- Letter Diary and Improved Memo-
randum Book for 1860. (De La Kue & Co.)

When we called attention recently to the handsome
Indelible Diaries and Pocket Calendars issued by Messrs.
De La Rue, we had not received the above, which,
equalling in getting up and in amount of information the
Diaries and Calendars, are more particularly adapted for
the desk. They are issued in two sizes, and few who
have once found their value will ever discontinue their use.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PCKCUASE.

CtAVIS HoRATIANA.

Poetical Grammar.

«»• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be

sent to Messrs. Bbi.i, & Daldt, Publishers of " JMOTE8 ANO

QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom tliey are required, and whose names and ad"
dresses are given for that purpose.
TypOGRAPHicAt Antiquities, by Henry Lemoine. 1797.

Wanted by Henry Jackson, St. James's Row, Sheffield.

History op Eooware, Stanmore, or Hendox; or the three combined.
Wanted by Mr. Joseph Simpson, " Chronicle " Office, Edgware, N.W.

We are agaiJi compelled to postpone until next week many Papers of
considerable interest.

We propose to publish on Saturday the nth our
CHRISTMAS NUMBER,
which will contain many Papers appropriate to the season.

E. D. H. Tennyson's allusion is to Margaret Roper, daughter of Sir
T/tomas More.

E. S. J. Edmund Bolton was the translator ofFlorus's Roman Histo-
ries, 1618, 1636. See Kippis's Biog. Britannlca, art. Bolton.

R. T. The following work speaks for itself : " Memoirs of the Wars of
the Cevennes under Col. Cavallier, in defence of the Protestants perse-
cuted in that Country ; and of the Peace concluded I'etween him and the
Mareschal D. of Villa? s: of his Conference with the King of France,
after the conclusion of the Peace." Lond. Bvo. 1726, 2«d edit. 1727.

Francis Roberts. Most biographical Dictionaries (except Knight's')
contain an account of Francis Roberts, the Puritan divine. See also
Wood's AthensB Oxon., by Bliss, in. 1054.

R. Inblis. In Sir C. A. Elton's Tales of Romance is a Monodrama
entitled " Chiomara ; " scene, the camp of the Telisthoboii, It makes four

pages Lenau's Faust's Bream, translated in J, D. Horrocks's Poems,

is a piece in heroic metre.

" Notes and Qo-ehies" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
Issued in MoNxuLy Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies for
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (.including the Half-
yearly Index) is Us. id., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour o/ Messrs. Bell and DALi>r,186. Fleet Street, E.Ct to whom
aU CoHMDwioATioirs for the Editor tliould be addressed.

2nd s. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

463

LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10. 1859.

No. 206. — CONTENTS.

KOTES :_Lord T.ovat and the Invasion in 1719, 463 — Ilunsrerford
Family, by CI. Hopp«r, 464 — Book-notes and Fly-leaf Scribblings,
by Joseph Kix, &o., 76. — Mathematical Bibliography, by James
Cockle, M.A., F.K.A.S., 465.

MiNon Notes :_ The late Duke of Wellinaton — Mottoes on Rings —
" Camden Miscellany " — Origin of the Title of Vilaiu Quatorze —
Unpublished Letters, 466.

QUERIES: — Old English Plays, by J. O. Halliwell, 467 — Aubrey 's
" Wiltshire Antiquities," by Rev. J. E. Jackson, lb.

Minor Queries: —Sea Breaches — Peter Tliellusson's "Will — Provin-
cial Printing Presses — Lingard's " England : " Edinburgh and Quar-
terly Reviewers — Highland Regiment Rt Battle of Leipsic — Regis-
tration without Baptism — Greek Dial — Lightning and Fish —
"The Misers," by Quintia Matsya — Pilgrim Plowdeu — " Domiuus
rcgnarit il ligno," Sc, 468.

Minor Qurries with A.vswkbs : — irchbishop Juxon and Family —
" Elispirid" — Flower de Luce and Toads — Colonel Kirke — Mary
Queen of Scots— Hildesley's Poetical Miscellanies, 471.

REPLIES: — The Early Editions of Foxc's Book of Martyrs, by J. G.
Nichols, 472 — Hildershara, Arthur and Samuel, by Rev. J. E. B.

Mayor, 474 — " Syr Tryamourc," by Rev. J. Eastwood, lb James

Anderson, 475 — Stratford Family, 477.

REPiins TO Minor Qufriks : — "It " for "its" or "his"— The Piny
performed in Bishop AVilliams'g House on a Sunday — Monumental
Brasses subsequent to 1 688 — Rubbings of Brasses — Bearded Women
— Ix)max or Lomas — " Cutting one s Stick " — " Night, a Poem" —
" The Style is the man himself," &c., 477.

Notes on Books, &c.

J50te«f.

tOKD LOVAT AND THE INVASION IN 1719.

On Lord Lovat's trial, in 1746, it was charged
against him by the Attorney- General, as proof of
'^^ general disposition, behaviour, and conduct,"
that —

" In 1710, when a Spanish Invasion was undertaken in
favor of the Pretender, and Spanish Forces were actually
landed in the North, the Prisoner thought proper to en-
gage in it ; and while the Earl of Seaforth was raising
his men to assist in it, the prisoner himself wrote a letter
to that Earl, with a promise to join him with his clan ;
but before he had actually done it, that attempt was
defeated."

The Lord High Steward objected to receive
evidence on a point not charged in the indict-
ment, but was I presume overruled ; for the wit-
ness, Kobert Chevis, deposed that —

" Mj' Lord Lovat told me of a letter he had written to
the late Lord Seaforth [Lord Seaforth died in 1740] to
encourage and desire him to come down with his men ;
and that he, Lord Lovat, would join him with all his, in
favor of the Pretender. ... He [Lovat] said the letter
was first shown to Chisholin of Knockford ; and after
that it was delivered to my Lord Seaforth. . . . Mr.
Chisholm made affidavit of it, which was sent up to
Court.

•' Did Lord Lovat acquaint you Avhether/'he heard of
such an affidavit being transmitted ? ' He did.'

" Did he tell you what he did upon that occasion .'

" ' That he went immediately to Court, and got him-
self introduced there. And Lady Seaforth, being then in
London, she applied to him to do something in favor of
her son, which he then absolutely refused till her son
should return him that letter, which being done, he
shewed it to a certain friend, who read the letter, and
who told him that there was enough to condemn thirty
lords there, and threw it into the fire.' "

Mr. Burton, in his interesting and able Life of

Lord Lovat, tells the story as told by the witness
Chevis, and adds : " All traces of the perilous
communication were now obliterated." Not "all,"
as I shnll show. Meanwhile it must be admitted
that this hearsay — this report of a conversation —
ought not to have been admitted in evidence
against a man on trial for his life ; and assuredly
the affidavit of Chisholm was not considered as
proof in 1719: for, according to the newspaper,.
Lovat was so successful in his explanation, that
the king consented to stand godfather to his child,,
and named Col. Grant his proxy.

Yet that the evidence of Chevis was true, is, I
think, proved by the letter I forward, which has
unmistakable traces of the fact. It has no date
and no address, but is in the handwriting of
Lovat, and as it descends to us from the Coun-
tess of Seaforth, there can be no doubt that it
was addressed to her son. It must have been
written after Chisholm's affidavit, probably after
the battle of Glenshields, 10th June, 1719, when
Seaforth was at hide and seek and endeavouring
to escape to France ; and Lovat's postscript — " I
soon go from this" — refers probably to his start-
ing " immediately to Court." I presume that the
letter had not been returned wh»n, according to
the evidence, Lovat was in London, and applied
to by Seaforth's mother. It is certain that the
lady was at that time in London : from Jan. 1719
to Jan. 1721, letters were addressed to her at
"Powis House, Ormond Street, London;" and
the dangerous document was probably returned
through her, as stated by the witness Chevis.
This, however, is mere speculation : but I can-
not doubt that the "certain paper" — the return,
of which was so anxiously requested — was the
letter referred to by Chevis, and named in the affi-
davit of Chisholm of Knockford, and Chisholm
was probably the base cousin.

" Dear Cousin, — I had the honor of yours, and I never
had another thought of you but that you was a man of
entire honour incapable of doing any ill or unhandsome-
action : but I thouglit that if by chance you had a paper
that might be by accident troublesome to me, you would
be so kind and just as to send it me: since you know
that I gave proofs, and always will, that you have no re-
lation on earth that loves j-our person or interest better
than I do. However, since you desire the relation of
your cousin's base transactions, as the reward of giving
me a paper that would please me, I desire that you send
that paper as soon as possible to the bearer of your last
letter, that I may have it ; and if I do not give you more
satisfaction than j-ou ever can get by another, or more
than you know or can expect, then I will not blame yoit
to say of me what j'ou please ; for I have found out the
secret details of that affair, which 3-ou could never ima-
gine, which is abominable before God and man. I know
she and he did aud does all they can to ruin your repu-
tation, but hundreds will tell you how strenuously I stood
up for you, and I did you but justice. But I can tell you
what will confound both ; but it must be on the two con-
ditions promised: first, that I get up a certain paper j
and next, that you will promise upon honor never to
name the author of your information, though I fear the

464

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2-d S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.

guilty will easily get it, bat let him guess on while he
cannot prove ; and if there was nothing to fear but him-
self, I would own it to his face. Adieu, dear cousin. I
am, with great sincerity and an affectionate respect,
yours while alive.

" I go soon from this, so the matter must be soon ended
if you please.

" LovAT."

I now leave the question for the consideration
of your readers. T. R. O.

HUNGERFORD FAMILY.

In Hungerford Church, co. Berks, is a curious
incised marble slab affixed to the wall, being of
one of the family of De Hungerford. The inscrip-
tion is a quadrilateral within a quatrefoil, sur-
rounded by a circle. The square tablet runs
thus, line for line: —

lijr p mons ^obt he ^iugtrfml)
timt t\x xl wiura (Et p Talme he Ig ajji'
SE wtort pritHT snuli tcni^ & mx
;qanlc iaats ht jiarboit uucnt gr:tir
it ht qatorsj tusqcs* tant iour il
foist en bit ' par tjuci m jiou f ht
chxt'de l^ater tC- §i&c

The inscription upon the four semicircles of the
quatrefoil is as follows : —

" Per dei pat' potenciam per filii sapienciam per sci sps
clemeciam vitam possidere bealam."

The circular inscription thus : —

" Quod . de . terra . svrrectvr' . sv . qd . i . carne . mea .
videbo . dev . salvatore . mev . qd . ds . pr . fili . et . spc .
SC3 . st . ds . vn' . qd . id . ds . queqrh . scdm . opa . sva .
ivdicabit."

At the points where the quatrefoil touches the
outer circle are four smaller circles, upon each of
which the word credo is thus inscribed : —

D

which word must be taken before every sentence
commencing with quod.

The tablet has suffered much from wanton de-
facement, the first-mentioned square inscription
being difficult to be deciphered. One of the
spoilers has perpetuated his name and date near
the bottom. " Willm Yong, 1616."

This slab formed a portion of the tomb of Sir
Robert de H., who served in the parliament for
the county of Wilts, 9 Ed. II., and who, although
twice married, died without issue, anno 28 Ed.
III. (1355). He gave divers lands to the church
of St. Leonard at Hungerford, where there was a
chantry founded by him. His remains were de-
posited under a purfled arch with a tombstone,

* This word is not verj' clear.
t Doubtful. Query, don or nou ?

whereon was once his figure in stone, cross-legged,
with a round helmet and a lion at his fee*^.

Lying in the churchyard at the present time is
a much-mutilated figure, which would correspond
with this description, as far as its lamentably di-
lapidated state will suffice to show. None of the
inhabitants appear to know to whom or what this
appertained. G ough (vide Sepulchral Monuments^
gives the inscription, but rather inaccurately as
regards the orthography. He states that below
the square inscription were the arms of his mother,
Maud Haytesbury : per pale indented gu. and
vert a chevron, or. This is now wanting. Le-
thieuUier (^Archceol. vol. ii.) says by the inscrip-
tion having no date, it shows it was set up in
his lifetime. Query, was this a common practice
of the period ? Cl. Hopper.

BOOK-NOTES AND FLY-LEAF SCRIBBLINGS.

In Sarum MS. fifteenth century : —

" January. Si tonitruum fuerit habundantiam frugum
anno significat.

" Mense Febr. Si tonitruum fuerit eo anno maxime
mortem divitum significat.

" Mens. Mar. Si tonit. souat validos ventos et frugum
copiam et lites et proelia eo anno sign.

" Men. April. Si ton. sonat habundantiam frugum et
iniquonim mortem signific.

" Mens. Mai. Si ton, son. inopiam frugum et famem eo
anno sign.

" Mens. Jun. Si ton. fuerit habundantiam frugum et
varias infirmitates sign.

" Mens. Julii. Si ton. son. annona erit bona et pecorum
fetus peribunt.

" Mens. August. Si ton. fuerit reipublicce prospeva sign,
et multi segrotabunt.

" Mens. Septemb. Si tonit sonat habundantiam frugum
et mortem pecorum signif.

" Mense Oct. Si tonit fuerit, ventos validos, annonas
bonae, et occisionem potentium hominum.

" Mense Novem. Si ton. fuer. habundantiam frugum et
jocunditatem sign.

" Mens. Decemb. Si tonit fuer. habundantiam annonae,
pacem et concordiam significat."

From this it appears that they believed thun-
der to be good for the crops, bad for man and
animals.

Historical Notes from same book : —

" Anno Dni. 1221. In Festo S. Lucse Evang. irruit ventus
a septentrione quatiens et domos et pomaria et nemora et
turres occlesiarum, visique sunt dracones ignei et maligni
spiritus in turbine volitare.

"A" Dni. 1316. Magna lues animalium et hominum
maximaque inundatio ymbrium fuit ex qua pervenit
tanta bladi caristia, quod quarterlies tritici vendebatur
pro xl'.

" Anno Dili 1348. Incepit magna pestilentia Londoniis
circa fest. Sci Michael. Archangel, et duravit usque ad
fest. S. Petro quod dicitur ad Vincula proximo sequen-
tem (sic).

" An. Dni. 1361. xviii. Kal. Febr. in Festo S. Mauri
Ab. accidit ventus vehemens et terribilis per totam An-
gliara. Eodem anno fuit secunda pestilentia in qua obiit
vir nobilis et strenuus Henricus dux Lancasiriaa.

"An. Dni. 1368. Erat tcrtia pestilentia in qua obiit no-

2"i S, VIII. Dec. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

465

bills doHiina Blancia Laucastriae Dacissa, quce in cccksia
S. Paul!, Loudon, jacet tumulata."

In Sarum Horae : —

" This vi day of Aprill 1580 at — of the docke in the
afternoone (there was) an earthequake in London and all
about yt."

J. C, J.

Fly-leaf Scribblings. — In a Bible of the Ge-
nevan version, fol. 1576, in a very old hand : —

" If preaching fayle as yt doth begin
the people must quayle & d}' in their sin
& if yt decrease gods curse is at hand
to destroy us our peace o'' soules & o»" laud
therfor lets be mending gods plagues to p«vent
for after our ending tis to late to repent
tak heed then to preaching gods word to imbrace
& learne to take warning, lest god y" deface."

Joseph Rix.
St. Neots.

" To Sleep soundlj',
Eat ronndlj',
And Drink profoundly,
Is the ready way to become Fatt.
" Sic ait C.B. 1683."

From a MS. common-place book ex libris
Caroli Blake, 1681. J.G.N.

MATHEMATICAL BIBLIOGBAFHY.

(Continued from 2"* S. iii. 384.)

The historical works of Theophrastus and of
Eudemus, alluded to by Montucla, are lost. The
Enarrationes Geometricce of Geminus are not
known to be extant, but I have already (P' S. vol.
x. p. 48.) given reasons for surmising that they
may yet be recovered. Barocius cited them about
the middle of the 16th century.

Amsteladam't, sixteen-sixty. Vossius, Gerardus ....
» de universse matheseos natura et constitutione liber;
Cui subjungitur Chrouologiti Mathematicorum.' Quarto.

Urbino, seventeen-eight. Baldi, Bernardino. ' Cro-
uica de' Mathematici overo epitome delle vite lore'
Quarto.

This work was written some century before the
above date, and probably before that of Herigone.

Liigduni, sixteen-ninety. Dechales, Claude Francis
Milliet. 'Cursus sen Mundus Matheraaticus.' 4 vols.
Folio. ' Tomus Primus complectens tract, de progressu
matheseos et de Illustribus Mathematicis ' &c. * Caput
III. De progressu Arithmetics ' of the ' Tractatus Proe-
mialis ' contains a sketch of the history of Algebra.

And here, though out of chronological order, we
may place :

Geneva, 1743, 1746-7, 9, 52. Wolf, Christian. « Elem-
enta Matheseos Universse' 'Editio Novissima, multo
auctior et correctior.' 5 vols. Quarto. ' Tomus Quintus
[seventeen-tifty two (edi. nova)] Qui Commentationem
de Prsecipuis Scriptis Mathematicis, Commentationem de
Studio Mathematico recto instituendo.et Indices in Tomos
Quinque Matheseos universaj continet.'

We now come lo another set of works the full
titles of which suffice in most cases to convey a
general knowledge of their objects :

Oxonice, sixteen-ninetythree. Wallis, John

' de Algebra Tractatus,; Historicus et Fractious. Anno
1685 Anglice editus; Nunc Auctus Latine. Cum variis
appendicibus ; Partim prius editis Anglice, Partim nunc
primum editis. Folio.

This constitutes the second volume of Wallis's
Opera. •

Lipsia, seventeen -forty two. Heilbeonner, Jo. Chris-
toph. ' Historia Slafheseos Universse a mundo condito
ad seculum P. C. N. XVI. praocipuorum mathematicorum
vitas, dogmata, scripta et manuscripta complexa. Acce-
dit recensio elementorum, compendiorum et operum ma-
thematicorum atque Historia Arithmetices ad nostra
terapora. Quarto.

Here in strictness the works of Scheibel and of
Kastner ought to follow, but as I cannot describe
them from actual inspection I shall omit or defer
their description. I have already noticed the his-
torical labours of Bossut.

Paris, An VII [17991 Mo^'Tucr^, J. F. ' Histoire
des Mathematiques, Dans laquelle on rend compte de leurs
progrfes depuis leur origine jusque h, nos jours ; ou Ton
expose le tableau et le developpement des principales de-
couvertes dans toutes les parties des Mathematiques, les
contestations qui se sont ^leve^s entre les Matheniaticiens,
et les principaux traits de la vie des plus c^lebres. Xou-
velle edition considerablement augmentee et prolonged
jusque vers I'epoque actuelle.'

Tome Premier, Tome Second. Quarto.

Paris, An X (mai 1802). Montucla. * Histoire ' &c.
Tome Troisieme, Tome Quatrieme. Achev^ et public par
Jerome de la Lande. Quarto.

Lalande's editorship commences at p. -336 of
vol. III. For a table of contents of the four vo-
lumes see De Morgan's References &c. pp. 5-7.
The first edition of Montucla's Histoire &c. (Paris,
seventeen-fiftyeight) was in two volumes quarto.

Parma, seventeen-ninetyseven and seventeen-ninety-
nine. Cossali, Pietro. ' Origine, trasporto in Italia, primi
progressi in essa dell' Algebra. Storia Critica di nuove
disquizioni analitiche e metafisiche arrichita.' Two vols.
Quarto. * Dalla reale typografia Parmense.'

Zorarfon, eighteen- twelve. Hutton, Charles. 'Tracts on
Mathematical and Philosophical subjects,' &e. Three
volumes octavo.

Tract xxxiii (vol. II, pp. 143—305) is a 'His-
tory of Algebra.' Tr. xix is a 'Histoi-y of Trigo-
nometrical Tables,' &c. Ti\ xx is a ' History of
Logarithms,' and Tr. xxi is a history of the con-
struction of logarithms.

Edinburgh, eighteen- t\yenty. Leslie, John. 'ThePhi-
losophj' of Arithmetic ; exhibiting a progressive view of
the theor}' and practice of calculation with tables for the
multiplication of numbers as far as one thousand. Second
Edition, improved and enlai'ged.' Octavo. The date of
the first edition is eighteen-seventeen.

ionrfora, eighteen- thirtyfour. Peacock, George. 'Re-
port on the Eecent Progress and Prest-nt State of certain
Branches of Analysis.' This Report occupies pp. J 85 to
352 of the ' Eeport of the third meeting of the British
Association . . . held at Cambridge in 1833.' Octavo.

Paris, 1838, 8, 40, 41. Libei, Guillaume. ' Histoire

466

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'"i S. VIII. Dec. 10. '5?.

des Sciences Math^matiques en Italic, depnis la renais-
sance des lettres jusqu'a la fin du dix-septieme siecle.'
Four volumes Octavo. We learn from the ' postscriptum '
at p. (xxvii) of vol. i that that volume is in fact a second
edition, nearly the whole of the first having been destroyed
by fire in 1835.

Professor De Morgan's References &c., were, I
tliink, published in the ' Companion to the Al-
manac' for 1843.

Xo?!io«, eighteen-fortyfive. Peacociv, George. 'Arith-
metic ' published in the ' Encyclopsedia Metropolitana.'
The introduction is on the 'History of Arithmetic' and
will be found at pp. 367—482 of the ' Pure Science.' This
'Arithmetic' was separately published, in the parts, in
1825 or 182(5 (De Morgan, Arith. Bks., p. 91).

London, eighteen-fortyseven. De Morgan, Augustus.
'Arithmetical Books from the invention of printing to
the present time being brief notices of a large number of
works drawn up from actual inspection.' Octavo.

This work as well as the Iteferences so often al-
luded to contain valuable (or rather invaluable)
Introductory portions which should be read in
connection with Professor De Morgan's paper ' On
the Difficulty of correct Description of Books ' in
the 'Companion to the Almanac' for 1853.

James Cockle, M.A., F.R.A.S., &c.

4. Pump Court, Temple.

iHtiinr ^atti.

The late Duke of Wellington. — Such anxiety
has been latterly evinced to collect and place on
record every waif and stray appertaining^ to the
great Duke of Wellington, that I am induced to
believe the following cutting from an Irish news-
paper of the year 1807 may not prove unwelcome.
W. J. Fitz-Patrick.

" To the RiffJd Hon. Sir Arthur Wellesley, K.B.
" The iinanimous Address of the High Sheriff and Grand

Jurj- of the County of Dublin, at Michaelmas Term,

180"7.

" AVe the Sheriff and Grand .Jury of the County of Dub-
lin assembled at Michaelmas Terra, 1807, feel the utmost
satisfaction in his Majesty's choice of you, as the associate
in the labour of our most excellent Ciiief Governor.

" Accept, Sir, our warmest approbation and applause
for your able and distinguished exertions in the public
cause, and allow us to felicitate ourselves, that after hav-
ing withstood the honourable dangers of war, in which
you have rendered such essential service to the Empire
and this your native country, you are given back to us
to resume the duties of your important oilice, and to lend
the aid of your valuable talents in carrying into effect
the measure of a Chief Governor, to whom we already
look up with confidence and with hope.

"John Hamilton, Sheriff.
" Hans Hamilton, Foreman.
" For Self and Fellow Jurors."

" To which Address the following Answer was returned :
" Gentlemen,

" I return you my thanks for the expression of your
satisfaction upon my appointment to the situation which
I have the honour to fill in this country.

" I hope by every principle of duty, and by every sen-

timent of respect and affection, to assist as far as maj' be
in my power the Noble Person at the head of thi'S Go-
' vernment. I shall be happy if in carrying into execution
' his orders and arrangements, and in forwarding his views
I for the happiness and prosperity of this countrj', I shall
j continue to conciliate the good opinion and esteem of
I the High Sheriff and Grand Jury of the County of Dub-
lin."

Mottoes on Rings. — On looking over Smith's
Obituarj/, one of the publications of the Camden
Society, I find that it was the custom to have
posies on mourning rings as well as on wedding
rings. "Ever last," was the posy on the rings
given at the funeral of John Smith, Alderman of
London, who " made a great gaine by musk catts
which he kept." On those given at the funeral of
Samuel Crurableholme, Master of St. Paul's, the
posy was " Redime tempus." * I take this oppor-
tunity of adding another to the list which has
already appeared of posies on wedding rings :
" This, and the giver.
Are thine for ever."

E. H. A.

" Camden Miscellany,'" Vol. IV. — Memoranda
upon words in the volume of the Expenses of the
Judges, 1596-1601. Houses where the judges
were accustomed to rest on the Western circuit,
&c.: —

" IMr. Crewkerne sent presents from Chili House, near
Crewkerne. His son or one of the family was Town
Olerk of Lyme-Regis, afterwards influential at Exeter.

"Mr. Speke lived at White Lackington House near
11 minster.

" Mr. EUesdon lived in Lyme-Regis. He was one of a
series of rich merchants there. Cliarles II. after tlie bat-
tle of Worcester applied to one of this family to aid in his
escape from Charmouth adjoining Lyme.

" The potato-pie was made from the Convolvulus Ba-
tatas, commonly called the Potate. Jlerchants at Lyme
frequently made presents of this preserve to great men.
The root gave its name to our present diseased, but we
trust recovering esculent, the Potato.

" Kirton, a provincial manner of pronouncing and spell-
ing Crediton, the centre town of Devonshire. •

" \Vood and Coles. This latter means charcoal or char-
coals for cooking some dishes. Sea borne coal, pit coal,
or mineral coal was not in use for cooking or in families,
generalh'."

G. R. L.

Dover.

Origin of the Title of Vilain Qnatorze. — The
first peer, when asked by Louis XIV. if he wished
to change his name upon his elevation, merely
requested the numeral addition that his family
might never forget to whom they owed their title.
(Vid. Raikes's Diari/, i. 179.) E. H. A.

Unpublished Letters. — A friend has obligingly
forwarded to me The Marlborough Magazine for
Sept. 1848, which professes to contain four un-
published letters by Pope. These letters were,
it appears, sent to the editor by the Rev. Charles

• Vide stipra, p. 393. for the inscription on the ring*
distributed after the execution of Dr. John Hewett.

2<^A S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

467

Hoyle, who observes, " I take willingly all the re-
sponsibility of their having never been published."
Tills is strange, for these four letters were pub-
lished in Oct. 1831 in the Gentleman s Magazine^
preceded by a letter from the Rev. Charles Hoyle
<lated from " Weston, near Marlborough." It may
be well to note the ftict of prior publication to
save farther trouble. U. L.

caucn'e^.

OLD ENGLISH PLAYS,

in Print or Manuscript., loritten before a.d. 1700.

In a ^QVT weeks I shall commence printing, to
be published by Mr. Russell Smith, a dictionai'y
of all old English plays now existing, in print or
in manuscript, which were written before a.d.
1700. It will be based on the very useful, though
often inaccurate, list of plays in the Biographia
Dramatica, 1812, in my copy of which work I
have made additions, as they have occurred to
me, for the last fifteen years. Being anxious to
render the work as complete as possible, I should
feel particularly obliged if any of your readers
possessing rare play?, masques, or pageants, in
print or manuscript, would favour me with a
communication addressed to me at No. 6. St.
Mary's Place, West Brompton, near London.
The information required is exact copies of titles^
the date or probable date, and any brief note
likely to be interesting. J. O. Halliwell.

ACBREYS "WILTSHIRE ANTIQUITIES.

" HypoaiXEjrATA ANTKjrAitiA J3;" or, "An Essay to-
wards the Description of Wiltshire. By John
Aubrey of Easton Piers. Volume II." {An
Original Mamiscript, in folio, lost.^

Under this title, John Aubrey, the Wiltshire
antiquary, who died at Oxford in June, 1697,
made topographical collections for a History of
North Wilts. [His Natural History of Wilts was
quite a separate work, and is not the one now
inquired for.] In collecting materials, he was
assisted by his brother, William Aubrey. After
the antiquary's death, the manuscript was de-
posited in the Ashmolean Museum. In his corre-
spondence, Aubrey speaks of it as his " Description
of Wiltshire," or " Antiquities of Wiltshire," in
two volumes. Thus :

" Anno 1G71, having sold all, and disappointed of
mouej'S, I had .so strong an impulse to finish the Descrip-
tion of Wiltshire in 2 volumes in fol., that I could not be
quiett till I had donno it."

In the Ashmolean Library is still preserved
one folio volume of this work, marked in his own
writing on the oxxi-side, " Hypomnemata Anti-
quaria A." It consis-ts of two parts bound toge-
ther in, now, discoloured vellum. The way in

which the contents are arranged is this : — At the
head of each page is the name of some parish, and
under it are entered such memoranda (" hypom-
nemata ") relating to that parish as fell in his way
from time to time. On the margin, or elsewhere
about the page, are coloured shields of arms, oc-
casionally mixed with rude sketches of monu-
ments, old houses, &c. Of this volume both parts
were printed some years ago at the expense of
Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., in small 4to. : the
first in 1821, under the name of Aubrey's ColleC'
tions for Wilts; the second in 1838, with the title
of An Essay torcards the Description, &c. (as
above.)

It has always been supposed in our time, both
at the Ashmolean Library, and by every one else,
myself included, that these two parts were in fact
the two volumes spoken of by Aubrey ; only that
they happened to have been bound up together.
The late Mr. John Britton, who wrote a full and
particular Memoir of Aubrey and his works (pub-
lished in 4to. by the Wilts Topographical Society,
1845), describing the manuscript in the Ashmolean
Library, says (p. 85.) : " It consists of two volumes
folio, bound in vellum." Having in the mean
time made a discovery upon this subject, I one
day asked Mr. Britton why he said there were
two volumes, when there is only one in the library
at Oxford ? His answer was : " They are both
in one." I then stated to him my reasons for be-
lieving that we were all under a mistake, and
that besides the one (in two parts) now in the
library, and marked A., Aubrey had most un-
doubtedly compiled another entire and distinct
volume marked B., which is lost.

This I now prove by producing, 1st, from
Aubrey's own letters preserved in the same li-
'orary; 2ndly, from marginal notes in the second
pa7't of vol. A. ; and lastly, from some other
sources, several references to another volume
marked B.

1. From his own letters :

«|[ " Ramsburv is in Liher B." (To Anthony Wood,
17 Nov. 1G70.) '

f « Bradenstoke. Vide Lib. B., 51." (To do. Sept.
2, 1G71.)

^ In a few lines to his brother (no date) : " Brother
William, Insert in Lilcr B. the probability of the Lytes
of Easton Piers being descended from those of Lyte's
Car}-."

<1[ In a reply to John, Brother William reports " having
got the shield of Arms at Penliill House " (near Calne),
"Fonthill House and Church, Mr. Bodenham's at Hil-
drop" (near Ramsbury), "Rockburne, Bolstred's Tomb
at Earl Stoke, Ileytes'bury Church, Compton Chamber-
layne House, and Burgate House, which is now down, or
near it." (Wm. Aubrej', it is true, does not here name
Liber B., but not one of these places is mentioned in
Liber A.)

2. The following references are on the margin
of vol. A., Part 2.: —

^ In the page (original MS.) headed "Broadstock
cum Clack," is, " Vide Lib. B., 51."

468

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'id S. VIII. Dec. 10. '69.

^ Under " Down Amprey " ; " Vide Pedigree of Dan-
vers, Book B."

f At the end of « Tysbury " « V, Dunhead in Lib. B.,"
and again, " V. Cirencester, B."

f At the end of "Castle Combe," " Vid. Lib. B.,
p. 318,"

3. In other loose scraps of Aubrey's writing,
also in the library, I found,

^ "Knahil" [Knoyle] " in Lib. B."

^ " Dr. Muffet, a famous physician lived and dyed at
Wilton at Bulbridge House, which transfer to Lib. B."

IT " Wythoksmede, V. de hoc proprio nomine in Lib.
B."

In " Letters from the Bodleian," 11. 602. Qiote),
is the following : —

% " Mem. In my Lib. B. I liave sett down an exact
description of this delicious parke, &c."

Antony Wood, writing to Aubrey, Nov. 10,
1671 : —

" I have received your Liber B., and have almost done
him. If you have any more that follows I would gladly
see them.' I read these collections with great delight,
and have excerpted some thiugs thence for my pur-
pose."

It only remains to add, that not one shield of
arms or scrap of history relating to any of the
places above referred to as in " Liber B.," is to be
found in any of the present manuscripts ; and it
is therefore clear that "B,," which did contain
them, and which consisted (as one of the refer-
ences proves) of not less than 318 pages, was
another and separate volume, now missing.

Some years ago I was examining Aubrey's ma-
nuscripts in the Ashmolean Library, and in so doing
was struck by the marginal and other allusions to
" Liber B." The Librarian " had never heard of,
nor even suspected it. No such manuscript was
in the library : nor did the oldest of their present
catalogues mention it. Many years ago things
were in confusion. What might have been there
before, he could not say." At last, however, in
poring over Aubrey's collections 1 found out how
and when it had disappeared. At the back of page
Z in the Index to vol. A, in the handwriting of
William Aubrey, six years after the antiquary's
death, is this memorandum : —

"August 14, 1703. Borrowed then of Mr. Edw. Lhwyd,
the Keeper of the Ashmolean Librarj', the Second Volume
of my Brother's ' Hypomnemata Antiqnaria,' which I
shallVestore upon demand. Wm. Aubrey."

There is no memorandum of its return, and we
may therefore conclude that it shared a fate not
uncommon with "borrowed" books. William
Aubrey, the last of his own family, and without
children, died four years afterwards in 1707 ; Mr.
Lluyd, the Librarian, in 1709.

After so long an interval as 150 years inquiry
may be thought hopeless. That it is in any of our
public libraries is hardly to be supposed, manu-
scripts of this character in those repositories being
generally very well known. But it is not impos-

sible, perhaps not improbable, that it may be still
in existence somewhere. If on a shelf, and label-
led "Hypomnemata Antiquaria," it may have
been passed over many a time without the slightest
conception that it contained a History of Wilt-
shire ! At all events, merely as a literary fact, it
should be known that such an additional volume
of Aubrey's work did once exist. And if it will
help to sharpen the memory of those whose occu-
pation it may be to dive into dusty chests and
back closets in search of such valuable waifs and
strays, I hereby offer tc7i pounds to any person who
will give me certain information of the existence
now of " Liber B." above described.

J. E. Jackson.
Leigh Delamere Rectory,
Chippenham.

Minax cauen'eS.

Sea Breaches.-'— 1 used to be much alarmed when
a schoolboy at the story of the damage formerl}'
done by the inroads of theseaatHorsey-Pallingand
Waxham, on the Norfolk coast. My father used
to tell me that a few years after the commencement
of this century the sea broke through the bank,
and very suddenly inundated hundreds of acres of
land, and many families were taken from the tops
of their houses in boats, of course dreadfully
frightened. A Mr. Smith, an eminent engineer,
was employed to stop these "sea breaches," and an
Act of Parliament obtained to lay rates on all the
low ground, even as far as Beccles, and on the
marshes and meadows adjoining the Norwich river.
Even up to this day the sea often threatens to re-
peat its visit, and it frequently costs the rate-
payers large sums to keep these breaches in repair.
My father said he believed that there was an
Act passed in the reign of Anne or Geo. I. to make
it felony or a high misdemeanour to take sand or
soil, or to cut marrum from the sea banks in the
counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Lincolnshire, and
some of the north-western counties, and else-
where. My object in writing to you is to i-e-
quest you to insert this letter in " N. & Q.," when
I hope some of your numerous readers will inform
us whether there ever was such an Act passed,
public or private ; and if found, its date and pur-
port. ?

Peter Thellnsson' s Will, — This absurd and
wicked document, which furnished such a rich
harvest to the lawyers, and the litigation on ac-
count of which has only just terminated, was not
without precedent. In the gossiping Letters of
Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Mann, concluding
series, vol. i. p. 376., occurs the following para-
graph : —

" Sir William Rowley has left six thousand pounds a year
to whom do you think ? — to his great-grandson. To his

2°'^ S. VIII. Dec. 10, '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

469

SOD, who had not disobliged him, he gives but eight hun-
dred a-year; the same to his grandson; all the rest to
his grandson's heir, and the savings. It is rather leaving
an opportunity to the Chancery to do a right thing, and
set such an absurd will aside. Do not doubt it. The law
makes no bones ©f wills. I have heard of a man who
began his will thus: 'This is my will, and I desire the
Chancery will not make another for me.' Oh! but it
did."

Did " the Chancery " make another will for
Admiral Sir William Rowley ?

John Pavin Phillips.
Haverfordwest.

Provincial Printing Presses. — In Nichols's
Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i. p. 189., twenty-one English
towns having twenty-eight printing presses, in
1724, are named ; some of which are not men-
tioned in Cotton's Typograpliical Gazetteer, and
in vol. V. p. 495. a reference is given to Ballard's
Collection of MS. letters in the Bodleian, in which
is Dr. Rawlinson's "Account of Printing Presses in
England." Has this ever been published, or is
there any published account of presses existing
in the provincial towns ? H. J.

Lingard's "England": Edinburgh and Quar-
terly Reviewers. — I have in my possession a book
labelled " Lingard Papers," consisting principally
of reviews of Lingard's England, cut out of the
Edinburgh and Quarterly, and bound up with the
5th edition of Lingard's Vindication of the 4th
and 5th volumes of his History (1827). I annex
a list of the articles, with the dates of the publi-
cation of such as I can ascertain, and will be*
obliged by some of your readers informing me,
through your columns, with the names of the
authors of these critiques ; also, whether any other
critical notices of Lingard's work appeared in
those journals, or in separate publications; in fact,
a short resume of this literary and historical con-
troversy. W. Allen was, I believe, the writer of
some of the articles in the Edinbu?gh, and I should
be glad to know if he made any reply to Lingard,
and of what works he is author?

Edinburgh, Oct. 1815. Lingard's Antiquities of the An-
glo-Saxon Cliurch.
„ March 1824. Brodie's History of England and

Corrections of Hume.
„ April 1825. Lingard's History of England.

„ „ „ Alien Law of England.

;, June 1826. Massacre of St. Bartholomew.
„ „ „ Icon Basilike.

„ March 1831. Lingard's England.

Quarterly, Vol. xxxn., No. lxiv., Art. 10. Icon Basilike.
„ Vol. xxxiiL, No. I.XV., Art. 1. The Reforma-
tion in England.
„ Vol. xxxvii.. No. LxxiiT. Hallam's Constitu-
tional History of England.

T. V. N.

Highland Regiment at Battle of Leipsic. — Can

any of your military readers say whether a Scotch

Highland regiment fought at the battle of Leipsic

(in 1813) under the command of Bernadotte,

Crown Prince of Sweden, and, if so, what corps
was it ? T.

Edinburgh.

Registration ivithout Baptism. — The following
entry occurs in the register of Sevenoaks parish
church : —

" 1695. James Smith the anabaptist hath a child
borne."

Was it usual at this date for the minister to act
as registrar also ? C. J. Robinson.

Greek Dial. — In Rawlinson's translation of
Herodotus, vol. ii. p. 333., in one of the admirable
essays written by Sir Gardner Wilkinson, is the
following passage : —

" The Greeks marked the divisions (of the dial) by the
first twelve lettei-s of the alphabet, and the last four of
these reading ZH0I, ' Enjo}- yourself,' are alluded to in
this epigram ascribed to Lucian (Epig. 17.) : —

'Ef oipai ix.6xBoi<s iKaviorarai, o.l Si ixer avras
rpd/tju.a(7i &ei,KVviJ,evai., ^vjflt \tyovcn jSpdrois.

Mr. Rawlinson's note 1. vol. iii. p. 204. giving
F as the sixth letter of the original Greek alpha-
bet, justifies the epigram ; but I am at a loss to
understand how the letters ZH0I are the last four
of the first twelve letters of the Greek alphabet.
I shall be much obliged by an explanation.

J.W. F.

Lightning and Fish. — Throughout the West In-
dies, on mornings after a display of sheet-lightning
immense quantities of needle-shaped fish, here
called Titeres, I presume spawn recently vivified,
are found congregated at the mouths of rivers.
The first day after the lightning they are caught,
and sold in the mai-kets, and are then a delicate
food. The second day they are still found, but
more developed, having become larger, coarser,
and having black heads. They are then but little
eaten. As the fact is undeniable that these crea-
tures appear after sheet-lightning, and at no other
times, I should be glad to see the matter ex-
plained. J. P.
Dominica.

'^ The Misers," hy Quintin Matsys. — According
to Bryan, Smith, Reynolds, and other authorities,
there are several pictures of the Misers by Quin-
tin Matsys, all having the same claim to origin-
ality. Bryan, in his Dictionary of Painters, says,

"The much-talked-of ilfzsers in Windsor Castle is one
of a numerous family, all claiming the same paternity,
and having only such slight differences as appear in the
children of one father."

Can any of your correspondents inform me
which Is supposed to be the original or first con-
ception of the master ? Chas. Dean.

Pilgrim Plowden. — Who was Pilgrim Plowden, •
who wrote Farrago, printed for the author and
sold only by Lawton Gilliver at Homer's Head

470

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°-! S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.

against St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street,
London, 1733. E. S. J.

'■'■Dominus regnavit a lignoy — These words occur
in some of the Fathers as a quotation from Psalm
xcv, 10.*, at which place the Hebrew, the Latin
Vulgate, and others only have "Dominus reg-
navit," or its equivalents. The passage is usually
applied to the Saviour, who is said to have
" reigned from the tree," because the crucifixion
was regarded as in a manner ushering him into
his kingdom and glory. It would be easy to
quote passages from ancient and modern writers
illustrative of this view, but one or two must suf-
fice. Commodian thus speaks : —

" In Psalmis canitur 'Dominus regnavit a ligno,
Exultent lerrre, jocundentur insulie uiultie.' "

Carm. Apohget. ver. 290.

The hymn which commences

" Vexilla Eegis prodeunt,
has the following : —

" Impleta sunt qute concinit
David fidelis carmine,
Dicens in natiouibus
Eegnavit h. ligno Deus."
Which some one has rendered : —

" Now is fulfilled what David once
Chanted in high prophetic strains,
' His kingdom from the cross begins
And o'er the nations thence he reigns.' "
Again, Dr. Watts says of the cross : —
"Hence shall his sovereign throne arise,

His kingdom is begun."
" The cross a sure foundation laid
For glory and renown."

As, however, my object is not to give a catena
upon the words, but to ask a question, I will do
so : —

1. What account can be given of the intro-
duction of the words a ligno into this quotation,
as part of the sacred record ?

2. AVho is the earliest Father by whom the pas-
sage is quoted in this form ? I know it is very
ancient.

3. Do any MSS. of the Latin Vulgate contain
fhese words as a part of the text ?

I shall feel obliged to anyone who will give me
information on these heads, or refer me to authors
by whom the subject has been discussed.
^ B. H. C.

Rev. Francis Mence. — Can you give me any in-
formation respecting the Rev. Francis Mence, the
author of a work entitled —

" Vindicise Fojderis ; or a Vindication of the Interest
that the Children of Believers, as such, have in the Cove-
nant of Grace, with their Parents under the Gospel-Dis-
pensation." By Francis Mence, sometime of Pembroke
College, Oxford, now an unworthy Pastor of a Church
of Christ, in Wapping, near London." 18mo. 1C94.

I cannot find any entry of the author's name in

In English version and Hebrew Ps. xcvi. 10.

the list of Oxford graduates, or in the register of
St. John's Church, Wapping, but that church was
only erected in 1694. Rainhill.

Privy Council. — Can any of your readers refer
me to any Lists of Privy Councillors in the reigns
of Richard IIL, Henry VIL, and Henry VIH.,
but particularly in the reign of Henry VII. ? J.

Essay on Taste ; Faux. — In An Essay on Taste,
London, 1784, among censurable instances of
ascribing feelings to inanimate things, is the fol-
lowing : —

" He cut the cable : with impatient leap
Th' exulting vessel bounded to the deep ;
Swift as the pertinacious hunter, wlien
He gallops from the lustral savage den
On trembling steed ; his chest compressed with fear,
And tender tigers on his frightened spear.
Their mother's howls th' admiring concave fill.
Baited by hounds on Haman's hostile hill." — Faux.

Other examples of bad taste are given from
" Faux." Who is he ? The essay is rather in-
genious. It is printed for " J. Johnston, Cheap-
side." Is the author known ? P. S.

Window in the sense of Blank. — Can any of
your correspondents furnish me with instances of
the word *' window " being used in the sense of
a blank left in any document or writing? I have
met with it only once, and that in a letter of
Archbishop Cranmer's (Worhs, Parker Society
edit., vol. ii. p. 249.) : —

" And where there is a collation of a benefice now in
my hands through the death of one Sir Richarde Baj'lis,
priest of the college of Mallying, according as you may
be further instruct by this letter herein inclosed, the
place and room whereof I intend to dispose, 1 will there-
fore, that j'ou send unto me a collation thereof; and that
your said collation have a window expedient to set what
name I will therein."

William Henky Haet.

Folkestone House, Eoupell Park,
Streatham.

Biistowe. — Are there any descendants existing
of a marriage which occurred in August, 1759,
between the Rev. Edward Bristowe, Vicar of
Messinghara, Kirton in Lindsey, co. Lincoln, and
Mary, only surviving child of the Rev. John
Gough, Rector of Nettleton in the same county.
Their son John Bristowe was christened at Mes-
singham 11th July, 1760 — 1, and their daughter
Ann the 8th March, 1762. Asphodel.

Prtissian L'on Medal. — Will any of your readers
give me the description of the iron medal (I don't
know whether it was of the cross or circular type)
which was given to those Prussian patriots who sent
in their jewels and plate for the service of their
country during the wars of the 1st Napoleon ? I
have heard that the motto upon the decoration ip,
" I gave Gold for Iron for my country's good."

Centurion,

2='! S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

471

Sheriff's Precedence. — The second branch and
duty of the sheriff is as keeper of the King's peace,
"whereby " both by common law and special com-
mission he is the first man in the county, and
superior in rank to any nobleman therein during
his office.

This remark in Ker's Student's Blachstone leads
to the inference that there is some special com-
mission addressed to the sherifi', whereby he be-
comes the first man in the county, and superior
to the nobleman Lord- Lieutenant.

Will any of your readers inform me where any
one of these Commissions may be found ? Are
they under the Great Seal, or warrant from the
Crown ? Is it exclusively directed to the sheriff,
or are the judges mentioned therein? and how in
reference to the sheriff? J. R,

Belvoir Castle. — Is there in existence any
drawing or plan of the old castle as it existed pre-
vious to the period of Cromwell, and if so, where
is it to be found ? G. N.

Heraldic Drawings and Engravings. — When
were the tinctures of heraldry first indicated by
the courses of lines in engravings, — as vertical
lines to signify gtdes, dots to signify or, and so on?
Can you refer me with precision to the earliest
instance of such engraving, or to the work in
which the practice is for the first time suggested ?

Jaydee.

;^m0r cauertciS iattlj ^xxiiatxi.

Archbishop Juxon and Family. — Information

is requested respecting the descent of Archbishop

Juxon, and also particulai'S of his descendants,

and an extract from his will. H. J.

[Abp. Juxon does not appear to have been a married
man. In the Harl. MS. 938. p. 10. is the following copy
of his will : — " My body I commit to the earth to be
decently buried, but without pomp. My worldly goods I
thus dispose : first, I give unto the poor of the parish of
St. Peter the Great, alias the subdeanery in the citv of
Chichester, 100/. To the poor of St. Giles in Oxford,
100/. To the poor of Somerton, co. Oxford, 50/. To tlie
poor of Little Compton, co. Gloucester, 100/. To the poor
of Lemington in the same count}', 100/. To the poor of
Toddenham in the same county, 50/. To the poor of
Lambeth and Croydon, each 100/. I give 7000/. to bo
disposed of for the increase of the yearly stipends of the
Fellows and Scholars of St. John's College in Oxford, by
purchase of lands for that. purpose, whereof the Fellows
and Scholars to have equal shares. To the repair of the
church of St. Faul's, if it proceed, I give 2000/. To my
menial servants, 1200/. My nephew, Sir William Juxon,
I make sole executor. If I happen to die before the hall
at Lambeth be finished, I will that my executor be at the
charge of finishing it, if mj' successor shall give leave. I
give to the Cathedral Cliurch of Canterburj' 500/. De-
clared 14 May, 1663. Probat. 4 July, 1063." The arch-
bishop died on June 4, 1603. Le Neve {Lives of the
Bishops, i. 1C2.) speaks of a codicil containing the follow-
ing item : " To such of my poor kindred as are not men-
tioned in my will, amongst them 500/." j

" Elispirid." — What is " elis-piridf "— Wiclif,
Last Age of the Church, Todd's edition, p. xxxiii. : —

" )>ei l>at treten j>es verse of Sibille alle J>at I haue seen
acorden in \>is J^at seculer power of J>e Hooly Goost
elis-piiid." .

Todd (note, p. xcll.) thinks it corrupt. In the
eyes of Lewis (ibid.) it means expired. E. S. J.

[Before giving a decided opinion, one would wish to
see Wiclif 's MS. ; in the absence of which all we can do
is to oft'er a conjecture. Our suggestion is this; that the
el of "elispirid" may probably have been intended by
Wiclif for a d. The word which he meant to write would
in that case be c//sp/77c/ (dispired), which we suppose to
have been an old form of disappeared. " To dispire "
would correspond, on this supposition, to the Italian dis-
pai-lre, to disappear: — "the secular power of the H0I3'
Ghost disappeared:" — much as we might say, "The
Jewish polity was originally a theocracy ; but when the
nation was finally broken up, and passed into exile and
captivity, all that visible manifestation of divine inter-
position in human aftairs ceased and determined." With
It. disparire, to disappear, cf. med.-L. disparere, to flee
away, to cease, to come to an end (Du Gauge) ; old Fr.
disparer, to vanish away (Cotgrave) ; and Romance des-
parer. "Et tost " [aussit6t] " mor e despar" (and im-
mediately dies and disappears. Eaynouard.) So the
divine agency in things secular dispired; i. e. was no
longer exercised perceptibly' and visibly.]

Flower de Luce and Toads. — li\ The History of
Serpents by Edward Topsell, page 729., chap.
" Of the Toad," he says : —

" I do marvel wh}' in ancient time the Kings of France
gave in their arms the three Toads in a yellow field, the
which were afterwards changed by Clodoveus into 3
Flower de luces in a field azure as arms sent unto him
from heaven."

I want to see Topsell's authority for this. S. B.

[If our correspondent will turn to Elliott's Ilorm
Apocali/pticcB, iii. 500., edit. 1851, he will find that Top-
sell had good authoritj' for hia statement. Mr. Elliott
has given engravings of the three frogs as they appeared
in the French banner, from an ancient tapestry in the
cathedral of Rheiras representing battle scenes of Clovis,
who is said to have been baptized there after his con-
version to Christianity ; also a representation of the three
frogs from Pynson's edition of Fabyan's Chronicle, at the
beginning of his account of Pharamond, the first King of
the Franks, who reigned at Tours about a.d. 420. The
other engraving is from the Franciscan church of Inns-
pruck, representing the shield of Clovis, King of France,
with three fleurs de lis and three frogs, with the words
underneath " Clodov»us der ersle Christenlich Konig von
Frankreich." In the sixth centurj', xlvi. of the Prophe-
cies of Nostradamus (p. 251.) translated by Garancieres,
(Lond. 1672.), there occurs the following verse : —

" Un juste sera en exil envoye
Par pestilence aux confins de son siegle,
Response au rouge le fera desvoj-e',
Roi retirant a la rane, ct k I'aigle."

On which, saj'S Garancieres : " By the eagle he meanetli
the Emperor ; bj' th.^ frog the King of France ; for before
he took the flower de luce the French bore th-ee frogs." li

Colonel Kirke. — Would any of your corre-
spondents favour me with some account of the
Colonel Kirke, so famous for his atrocities In

472

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»«i S. VIII. Dkc. 10. '59.

James II.'s reign, as I am extremely desirous of
knowing something more about liim ? J. R.

l_Very little seems to be known of Colonel Perc}'
Kirke's antecedents. He served under the Duke of
Monmouth in the army of the King of France, by the
special permission of Charles II., granted 23rd Feb. 1673.
He was Captain-Lieutenant of the Earl of Oxford's own
troop of the royal regiment of Horse-Guards in 1675,
and was promoted from that regiment (o be Lieutenant-
Colonel of the Earl of Plymouth's, or the 2nd Tangier
regiment (now the 4tb Foot), on its being raised in
1680, and he embarked with it for Tangier in September
of that year. Having distinguished himself in several
actions with the Moors, on the death of the Earl of Ply-
mouth at Tangier, he was promoted to the Colonelcy of
the 2nd Tangier regiment on the 27th Nov. 1680, and
transferred to the Queen's regiment on the 19th April,
1682. Kirke left Tangier for England with his regiment
in April, 1684. During the rebellion of the Duke of Mon-
mouth in the West of England, the Queen's regiment
formed part of the forces assembled under the Karl of
Feversham, and it is reported that at the decisive battle
■of Sedgemoor, " the two Tangier regiments, Kirke's and
Trelawny's, did good service." Col. Kirke was promoted
to the rank of Brigadier- General on the 11th May, 1685,
and afterwards appointed to command at Bridgewater.
Numerous are the acts of barbarity which history has
handed down as perpetrated by Judge Jeffreys and Col.
Kirke in what were termed " the bloody assizes." On
the abdication of James II. the following anecdote is re-
lated of Col. Kirke. When asked respecting a change of
religion, he is stated briefly to have replied, ' He was
pre-engaged, for ho had promised the Emperor of Mo-
rocco, if ever he changed his religion, he would turn
Mahomedan.' In 1689, troops being required for the
relief of Londonderry, Col. Kirke was appointed to the
command of the Queen Dowager's regiment, which re-
mained in Ireland, and served with distinction at the
battle of the Boyne on 1st July, 1690. It was also em-
ploj'ed in the siege of Limerick ; in the relief of Birr ;
and in December drove a division of the enemy out of
Lanesborough; The war in Ireland having ended with
the capitulation of Limerick, King William withdrew
some regiments from that country to reinforce his army
in Flanders, and one selected for foreign service was the
Queen Dowager's regiment. Lieut. -General Kirke, who
was promoted to that rank on the 24th Dec. 1690, joined
the army in Flanders, and died at Breda on the 31st Oct.
1691. For the character of this remarkable man, see Ma-
caulay's History of England, 12th edit. 1856, i. 6-27— 631. ;
and Historical Record of the Second or Queen's Royal Re-
giment of Foot, 8vo. 1838.]

Mary Queen of Scots. — At the sale of Mr.
Upcott's collection of prints, pictures, and curio-
sities, by Messrs. Evans in 1846, was the handle
of a coffin, said to have been that of this martyred
sovereign. Can any of your readers inform me
who purchased it, and the price which it pro-
duced ? M. L.

Lincoln's Inn.

[At Mr. Upcott's sale tiiis relic .sold for two guineas,
and was purchased by Mr. Rodd. In Tlie Portfolio, 1822,
is an engraving of it, Avith the following historical notice :
" This elegant relic, one of the eight handles that were
attached to the splendid coffin which received the re-
mains of the ill-fated Mary Queon of Scots, when con-
ve3'ed to Westminster, was formerlv in the possession of
Dr. Richard Moad, physician to King George II., and of

great antiquarian reputation, at whose death it was sold,
and passed through various hands, till at length it be-
came the property of Samuel Tyson, of Narborough Hall,
Norfolk, Esq. It was afterwards purchased at the sale of
Mr. Wilson, by Mr. Joseph Miller, the well-known anti-
quary, of Barnard's Inn, -who ver}' obligingly allowed it
to be copied. The handle and device are of copper, and
were original! j- double gilt. The extreme length is four-
teen inches and a half; the width one foot. Excepting
the handle, the whole is flat and partially engraved. The
initials M. R. appear above the handle." Who is the pre-
sent po.?sessor of this relic?]

Hildesley's Poetical Miscellanies. — In the Har-
leian MSS. 47-6. there is a volume of Poetical
Miscellanies by Mark Hildesley. Can you give
ine any information regarding the contents of
this volume ? Was the author M. Hildesley,
Bishop of Man, who died in 1772 ? R. Inglis.

[This volume consists of 163 leaves, besides four leaves
of introductory matter, and contains a large collection of
Miscellanies in prose and verse, but chiefly the latter, by
Mark Hilsly or Hildesly (for he writes himself both
ways). Bencher of Lincoln's Inn. He seems to have been
a singular humorist, very fond of scribbling. He was
probably grandfather of Bishop Hildesley, whose name
was also Mark.]

THE EARLY EDITIONS OF FOXe's BOOK OF
MARTYRS.

(2'"^ S. viii. 221. 271. 334. 403.)

I have to return my best thanks to some fifteen
correspondents of " N. & Q." who in Nos. 196.
199. and 202. have contributed their various re-
plies, all more or less interesting, in answer to my
inquiries on this subject.

Further investigation continues to prove that
I gave a correct list of the dates of the first nine
editions ; and, apparently, for the first time.
Among our old authors of repute, not only Strype
was wrong as to the first edition, but also Bishop
Burnet and Oldmixon, who placed it in 1561.
Even Herbert, in his edition of Ames's Typo--
gi-aphical Antiquities, assigned it to 1562 instead of
1563, and he was only doubtfully corrected by Dr.
_Dib(Hn. Mr. Hartshorne, in his Book Rarities of
Cambridge, 1829, notices one of the copies in the
Public Library of the University as being of the
date 1562, and strangely says, " Of the first im-
pression of this truly national and important,
book, the present is the only perfect copy known
to exist." In truth, no date is placed on the
title-page of the first edition ; but in the colo-
phon, at its close, it is stated to be " Imprinted
at London by John Day, dwelling over Alders-
gate beneth St. Martin's. Anno 1563, the 20 of
March," meaning, I presume, 1563-4. In the
large woodcut of Day the printer's portrait,
which is placed in the same page, the date 1562
appears behind his head, which may have led to

2''^ S. VIII. Deo. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

473

that year being taken for the date of the book,
particulnrly if the lower part of the leaf were
torn away. I also find, from a passage in p. 609.,
that the book was printed, so far as that page, in
1562. Dr. Dibdin, writing in 1836, says of the
first edition : —

" I believe that the only known perfect copies are in the
libraries of the Rt. Hon. Thomas Grenville and T. Wilkes
[John VVilks], Esq., M.P. The latter had belonged to
the late Mr. Hurd, and was purchased at the sale of his
libraiy for 25/. (^Reminiscences of a Literary Life, p. 843.)

The copy recently belonging to Mr. Darling's
Ecclesiastical Library was sold, I believe, for a
much larger sum ; but I am not aware who is its
present possessor. I have, however, now heard
of at least nine or ten perfect copies of the first
edition. Besides those already mentioned in
" N. & Q." there is one in the Library of Christ
Church, Oxford, among the books of Archbishop
Wake.

Second edition, 1570. There are at Oxford
copies of this edition in the libraries of Oriel,
Lincoln, Magdalen, St. John's, and N^ew Col-
leges ; and one in the Cathedral Library at York.
In private hands, one in the possession of Mr.
Oflfor at Hackney. Mr. Pocock has mentioned
his Imperfect copy in p. 335.

Third edition, 1576. " Mr. Heber possessed a
fine copy of this edition bound In one volume in
its primitive stamped binding." (Dibdin's Ames,
iv. 140.) At Oxford there are copies at Christr
Church and Wadham.

Fourth edition, 1583. This is In the library of
All Souls College, Oxford.

Fifth edition, 1596 — 7. A " magnificent copy "
of this edition, in the Duke of Devonshire's
library at Chatsworth, is mentioned by Dibdin,
in Ames's Typog. Antiq. Iv. 182. There Is one
In the library of the Rev. Dr. Maitland at Glou-
cester. At Oxford it is to be found at Merton
and Brazeuose.

Sixth edition, IQIO. Mr. Offor has a very
fine copy of this, which formerly belonged to
Mr. Sharon Turner. At Oxford it Is In the libra-
ries of University and Wadham Colleges.

Seventh edition, 1632. Mr. Ofibr has this per-
fect, in three volumes. At Oxford it is in the
libraries. of Exeter and Jesus.

Eighth edition, 1641. Of this, besides the
copies already mentioned, I have heard of one in
the York Subscription Library, one In the Chet-
ham Library at Manchester, Imperfect copies In
the Chetham Libraries at Turton and Gorton;
and one in_the library of George Ormerod, Esq.
at Sedbury Park. At Oxford it is In the libraries
of Balliol, Queen's, Christ Church, and Magdalen
Hall.

With respect to A. B. ll.'s Inquiry (p. 334.)
regarding the framework border, dated 1574,
"applied to the " Continuation " in the edition of

1641, I apprehend the answer must be that it was
engraved for some other work — perhaps a Bible,
printed in 1574. I am able to inform him posi-
tively that it had been used for Fulke's New Tes-
tament, printed in 1589.

To the list of public libraries whicli possess
only the edition of 1684, I have to add those of
Corpus and Trinity Colleges, Oxford ; Lincoln's
Lin and the Inner Temple ; Dr. Williams's li-
brary in Redcross Street, and Archbishop Marsh's
at Dublin. It Is also at Oxford in the libraries of
Queen's, Christchurch, Wadham, and Worcester.

Of the few copies still remaining in churches,
I have heard only of those —

At Noi'thwold in Norfolk : of the last folio
edition of 1684. It is in the worst possible state,
and one of the three volumes has but a few leaves
remaining. Each volume retains the staple with
part of the chain by which it was formerly at-
tached to a desk.

At Lessingham in the same county remains In
the chancel the hutch, surmounted by a desk,
that was made to contain the Book of Maj-tyrs.
This remarkable piece of church furniture is re-
presented in the Gentleman's Magazine for Feb.
1846, accompanied by a letter from the late Mr.
Dawson Turner. I have not, however, learned
of what edition the copy is.

At St. Cuthbert's, Wells, co. Somerset, is a
mutilated copy In three volumes, of the edition of
1632. These also have part of their chains re-
maining on their covers, but they are now put
aside in the vestry.

At Chelsea, Middlesex.

At Apethorp, co. Northampton.-

At Arreton, I. Wight, in 3 vols.

At Stratford- on- Avon.

The dates of these copi-es I have not yet learned,
but shall feel obliged by being informed. But
the dates already given show that the book was
placed in churches, not only in the reign of Eliz-
abeth, but throughout the seventeenth century.
This would be done either by the zeal of indi-
viduals, or at the voluntary cost of the parish-
ioners, not by any authoritative injunction. It
was' a symbol of religious opinion; as, for ex-
ample, in the libellous description of the estab-
lishment at Little Gidding, entitled The Ar-
minian Nunnery, we find this passage : —

" For another show, that they would not be accounted
Popish, they have gotten the Book of Martyrs in the
Chapel; but few or none are suffered to read therein, but
only it is there (I say) kept for a show."

How untrue an aspersion, however, this was, is
proved by various passages in the Life of Nicholas
Ferrar by his brother, which state how both that
remarkable man and his venerable mother es-
teemed the Booh of Martyrs next to the Holy
Scriptures : and how, every Sunday evening, in
their community at Little Gidding, after supper.

474

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[a-id S. Vni. Dec. 10, 'or,

first " one read a chapter [from the Bible], and
then another, that had first supped, went to the
desk and read a story out of the Book of Mar-

I beg to solicit further information respecting
the dates of copies, or fragments of copies, re-
maining in churches. John Gough Nichols.

I In Baker's MS. (among the Harj. MSS.) vi.
j 93. is a letter to B. Whichcot from S. Hilder-
j sham, dated 1641. See also Clarke's Lives (1677),
I pp. 122—124., Ph. Henry's Life, by J. B. Wil-
S liams, pp. 270, 271., and Index. Thos. Blake's
j VindicicB Foederis is dedicated to S. Hildersham,
junior. J. E. B. Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

filLSEBSHAM, ARTHUR AND SAMUEL.

(2"« S. viii. 431.)

On Arthur Hildersham of Christ's College,
Cambridge, see Fuller's Worthies (8vo. ed,), i.
239., and Church History (ed. Brewer), v. 265. ;
vi. 83. 85.; Calamy's Account Qln(\. ed.), p. 195.,
%vho elsewhere ranks him among the friends of
Gilpin (p. 750.), and of Fairclough (p. 636., cf.
Clarke's Lives, 1683, ii. 157.) Baxter intended
to have applied to his son for materials to draw
up a life of him. (Clarke, ihid. Pref.) He had
the good sense to dislike the coarse flattery which
so often disfigures the funeral sermons of his
party {ihid. p. 129.). He was in the habit of
taking notes of sermons (ibid. 135.). He was a
neighbour of Herring's. (Clarke's Lives, 1677,
pp. 160, 161.) The celebrated William Brad-
shaw was maintained at Emmanuel, " partly by
some supplies afforded him from two noble
Knights of the honourable house of the Hastings,
Sir Edward and Sir Francis, .... upon the
recommendation, and at the motion of that worthy
servant of God, now with God, Master Arthur
Hildersham, who was himself also allied to that
Family." (Jhid. p. 26.) Bradshaw was after-
wards recommended by Hildersham to his patron,
Alexander Redich {ihid. p. 43.). He was a plain
preacher {ibid. p. 305.). He maintained the law-
fulness of set forms of prayer {ihid. p. 306.)
He was a friend of Preston's {ibid. pp. 82. 98.) ;
and of Gouge's {ihid. p. 238.}. See farther Cot-
ton Mather's Magnalia, book ii. p. 16., book iii.
pp.71. 74.; LiiWy" s Autobiographi/ (ed. 1774), p. 6.;
Owen Stockton's Life (1681, p. G.) ; John Angler's
Life (1683, pp. 33. 42.) ; Nichols' Leicestershire ;
Brook's Puritans, ii. 376 — 388 ; Index to Han-
bury's Historical Memorials ; Wilson's Dissenting
Churches, i. 28. ; Baker's MS. (among the Har-
leian MSS.) iv. 77. ; Kennett's MS. (MS. Lansd.
984.), i. fol. 154.

Of Samuel Hildersham there is a notice in
Calamy. {Account, &c. pp. 560, 743., Contin. 723.)
In Baker's copy of \X\q Account, I find the fol-
lowing notes : —

"Sam. Hildcrsam Coll. Eman. Art. Bac. 1G12 \i.e.
161|.3

" Sam. Hildersam Coll. Eman. Art. M'. 1616. Regr.

" Sam. Hildersham, born ia Leycestershire, elected
Fellow of Eman. Coll. circa an. 1620.

" Sam. Hiideraam, B.D., subscribes the three Articles,
as one of the University Preachers, an. 1624. Regr.
Acad."

"SYR TRYAMOURE.

(2»d S. viii. 225. 359.)

! A careful perusal of the above poem, induced
; by the discussion in your pages of certain of its
difficulties, has led me to venture to make the
. following Notes on Mr. Boys's explanations. It
j was not until a few days ago that, by the kindness
. of the original Querist, I was enabled to get a
; sight of the book, or these Notes would have been
; sent earlier.

j 2. " The fyrste that rode iioghtfor thy,"

I may mean not for them, but this meaning will
hardly suit 1. 400., where precisely the same phrase
( occurs : —

I " Sche had grete mornyng in hur herte,

For sche wyste not whedur-warde

That sche was besle to goone.
She rodeforthe noghtfor thj
To the londe of Hongarj'
T3'lle sche come thedur wyth woo."
Here the phrase seems to mean never the less,
or notwithstanding, but it requires confirming by
other examples. For-thy occurs repeatedly
throughout the poem in its usual sense of there-
fore.

3. " Mai/ sic yowrys he tcyth chaueuce."
Mr. Boys' suggestion of may-be being divided in
this instance seems to be confirmed by 1. 1008.
"Os it wylle be may;"" but another suggestion is
that be ^=by \s a. gloss on with, or vice versa.

4. Every of, is by no means uncommon. The
following are additional examples from Chaucer :

" Hei'e in this prison mosten we endure,
And everich of us take his aventure."

Knightes Tale, 1188.
" Hath everich q/'them brought an hundred knightes."

Ibid. 2101,

5. In hye occurs in other parts of the poem in
the sense of I'/i haste. (Cf. the verb hie ==■ hasten) :

" To a wode they wente in hye." — 1. 277.
" There come they to hyra hi hye." — 1. 301.
So in the Avoivynge of King Arthur (Cam.
Soc.) :

" The Kinge base armut him in hie." — v. 13.
" Thaj're scheme schildus con he riue,
And faure felle he belj'ue,

In hie in that bete." — xlii. 16.
So Chaucer :

" But in his blacke clothes sorwefully
He came at his commandement on hie."

Knightes Tale, 2981.

2'"« S. VIII. Dec. 10. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES,

475

" This Soudan for his prive councel sent

and charged hem in lite. 1

To shapen for his lif som remedie."

31. of Laioes Tale, 4C29,

On the other hand, we have in Thomas Beket I
(Percy Soc.) :

" The King sat an hey on his cee." — v. 773. |

And in Antnrs of Arther (Camd. Soc.) : !

" There my^te hathels in hye herdus be-hold," I

where the meaning seems to be on-high. In the ',

passage in question it may mean haughtily.

6. Werne = forbid, refuse, is of very frequent
occurrence. Thus in Avowynge of Arther :
" I a- vow bi my life

Nere werne no mon of my mete." — ix. 13.

" None the King sayd, ' Fie he ne can
Ne werne his mete to no man.' " — xlv. 2.

So in Si?' Amadace (xiii. 11.) :

" And pore men for Goddus sake
He fed horn euyriche day ;
Quil he hade any gud to take.
He wernelt no mon for Goddus sake."

So In Thomas Behet (v. 1274.) :

" The Pope bigan to sike sore ; mid Avel dreorl thoyt
The teres urne out of his even, lie ne mi jte hem werne
no3t."

So in Romaunt of the Rose (see Richardson).
7, 8. Mr. Boys has probably given the true mean-
ing of these, unless we be a misprint for ivedd.

9. Smalle. There seems no necessity for any
such farfetched derivation in this case as sam-
mcele. Most likely smalle is used substantively,
as adjectives constantly are in the old romances.
Cf. "that stern'' {Antnrs, 311.), "that lovely,''
" that gay " {lb. 41. 10.), &c.

10. Wayne, no doubt means swing, whether the
reading be correct, or (as is not improbable) the
true reading be u-ayiie, i. e. wave. Wayne ^
strikes, or, goes at, occurs in the Anturs (xlii. 2.) :

" Thenne with steroppus fulle stre3te, stifly be strikes
Waynes atte Sir Wawane ry^te as he were wode."

11. Withynney-u-is. The recurrence more than
once in the poem of the words withynne and y-wis,
lead inevitably to the conclusion that the above is
a mere typographical error, which " the learned
editor" is not at all unlikely to have overlooked.
The very same phrase, '•'•farre within," occurs in
one of Hey wood's interludes {Lover Loved) :

" Where folke be./arre luithin a man must knock."
Introd. to iVit and Folly (Percy Soc), xxvii.

The instance, brought forward by Mr. Boys
to back his conjecture, does not apply, as he will
be the first to see if he will kindly look over the
passage again :

" The hound rennyth evyr y-wis
Tylle he come there hys maystyr ys."

There was no need for the dog to run every-
wise, inasmuch as he had come straight from his

master's grave to the palace ; and not having
found his master's murderer there, he returned
straight without stopping to the grave. This is
confirmed by what is said a few lines farther on :
" When he goth, pursewe hym then
For ecymiore he wylle renne
Tj'lle he come there hys maystyr ys."
And again :

" Eeste wolde he nevyr have
Tylle lie come to hys maystyr's grave."

With regard to No. 1. — " Y may evyr after
this," &c., I confess myself to be entirely at a
loss, unless may = can make, am able to cause,
i. e. I can bring to pass that, if ever after this
thou wouldest entice me to do amiss, no sport
should please thee. It is worth noting that in
every other passage in the poem where game and
glee occur, their positions are reversed, e. g.
1. 462. :

" But ther gamyd hur no glewe."
So 1. 1467. :

" Then gamyd hym no glee."
Two other passages struck me as noteworthy,
viz. :

" That they myght have there a space,
Knyghtys of dyvers a place.'' — 1. 656.

" Nor no wepyn hytn with to were." — I. 677.
But they present only peculiarities of construc-
tion, not real difficulties. J. Eastwood.

JAMES ANDERSON.

{Concluded from p. 459.)
II.

" Extract from part of a Letter in Draft from James An -
derson, Esq., to his Cousin, James Anderson, Westmin-
ster.

"Edin., June 10,1711.
" I presume you will not grudge to call at the noble
and civil Earle [of Rochester], give my most humble
duty, and acquaint his lordship what money I have re-
mitted to him.* As to the overplus, be pleased to pay
Mr. George Gordon what 1 owe him for news prints
whenever he is pleased to call for it, and give him ten
shillings ; and for what remains 1 shall give you direc-
tions at mv next remittance for Lady Campbell [of Caw-
dor].

" Since my last to you, I have seen a friend who gives
me a melancholy account of Mar3-, and of your concern
and good advices to her, and of Janet's care of her ; but I
find she is buoyed up with pride and self-conceit, if not
worse ; for, my dear friend, you have acted such a kind
part in that inatter, that I'll use the freedom to tell you
that, as I hinted formerl.v, she came to London without
my knowledge, and directly against the advice of her best
friends ; but I understood she has lost her reputation by
Ij'eing and keeping bad companj'; yet such was my
lenity, and in hopes of lier amendment, that I not only
concealed her misbehaviour, but endeavoured to put her
in the way of business — above all, in good company.

* " The money mentioned was the feu-duty exigible
for Islay, to which the family of Hyde had right, although
Campbell of Calder held the property of the island."

476

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2«d s. VIII. Deo. 10. '69.

)n, Writei- to the Signet, "\
las Paterson, f

d Star CofFee-liouse, f
Hay Market, London. J

She made many a solemn promise of good behaviour, and
I as many protestations if she did not I would never own
her, and that she should stay in the house.*

III.
" Janet Anderson to her Father, Jas. Anderson, Esq.
" Edinburgh, 15th May, 1712.

"My dear Father, — I am glad to hear you are win
safe to your journej-'s end, blessed be God for it. Seeing
you minded me in j'our last letter, I could not fail to ac-
quaint you that I'll endeavour to follow your good advice
in ever3'thing. Dear Sir, if you be not come off, Avhen
this conies to hand, I hope you'll favour me with a line ;
and if you be come off, I will be better content. Be
pleased to mind my dozen of housewifes, if it be not
troublesome.

"All friends is well, and gives their service to 3-ou, as
does my Aunt Dreghorn t> and your most affect, obed.
daughter till death, Janet Anderson.

" For Mr. James Anderson, Writer to the Signet,"
Att Mr Thoma
Att the Crown and
Att the Foot of the Hay

IV.

" Mr. Patrick Anderson, to his Father, James
Anderson, Esq.

"York, January 12, 1722-3,
" Six in the Morning.

" My dearest Sir, — Being just setting out I have
only time to acquaint you what we are come after here,
though we had the misfortune to have the exell of our
coach twice broken, which detains us on the road three
days and a-half ; so altered the stages that Mr. Spight
was obliged to fite out a by-coach for us.

" I have both yours, and hope to have another at
Stamford, where, God willing, we'll be Monday's evening,
and at London on Thursda3', where I expect directions
from you about everj'thing, for without them, you know,
I can apply to nobody, nor so much as open mj' mouth
about the story I'm going about. You forgot to tell me
the price of the hooks for the Duke of Argyle, and Mr.
Herriot did not tell what I was to demand of the Earl of
Kinnoul, but I suppose you'll forget nothing I am to do at
London. I would wish you would send all j'our public
papers with memorials, so as I may not be idle nor lose
time, in case the matter of the grant should be moved at
the sitting of the House, or a fair opportunity for getting
the JEque, &c., &c. Send me one or two of your printed
catalogues J, the list made by Mr. Campbell, &c., &c., of
the Arcana, and likewise the" long list made by yourself,
because these will enable me to discourse of them.

" All the boxes vi-ent safe from Newcastle ; and j'ester-
day I met Mrs. M'Ewen § in good health. We are so
early out and late in that I can't write so often on the
road, which obliges Babie [Barbara, his wife] to make
her apology for not writing either to her own friends or
mine. We offer our humble duty and service to both,

* " Mary afterwards married respectably, and went
abroad with her husband, Peter de Gardeine or Garden."

t " Wife of Pitcairn of Dreghorn, the only sister of
James Anderson."

% " This was a thin folio, of which a few copies were
previously printed by Anderson. It is now of very great
raritj'^, and much coveted by collectors. The object was
to induce some wealthy nobleman or gentleman to pur-
chase the entire collection."

§ " Probably the wife of M'Ewen, the Edinburgh book-
seller, with whom Anderson was accustomed to deal."

and pray that God may ever bless and preserve you and
them. — Adieu, dear Sir.

" James Anderson, Esq.,
Writer to Her Majesty's Signet,

at Edinburgh. I Postage 6d]

V.
" Miss Anne Anderson to her Brother, Patrick.
" Deere Brother, — It's now six years since I be-
came an exile from my friends and countrj', whereby I
am become an alien to both, witliout so much of a line' or
word from any, wholy forgotten of them tho' not without
Providance here. I have severall times sent to my father,
and severall other of my relations, among the latter to
you ; and once more have ventured the same to you by a
gentleman [by] whome I have the opportunity to de-
lever, as will be the same to you, in hope that I may
engage an answer of your good healths and welfare.
Nothing more I require of you, Providance having been
more propittious than to lay me under such state as to
crave allmes, or any assistance of any person, yet have
so much affection as to desire the welfare of mj' relations,
tho' I cannot partak inimedietely. Waiting your answer,
your affectionate Sister, " Anne Anderson.

" Kent County, Maryland, )
July 14, 1718. j

" Direct for me at Mr. Thomas Bownes, attorney-at-
law, in Kent County, in Edinburgh. I have not forgote
my respects to all mj' friends, especially my brother
James, and all my sisters. — A. A.
" Mr. Patrick Anderson,* '^

At Mr. James Anderson. — This. J
" This letter establishes the fact that one of Anderson's
daughters settled in America. Perhaps she married there,
and there maj' be still existing descendants of James
Anderson there.

VI.
" Earl of Kinnoul to James Anderson, Esq.

" Whitehall, April 4, 1723.
" Sir, — I am much obliged to you for yours of March
28, received Saturdaj"-.

" The more I consider the account of the MSS. in Sir
Eobert Sibbald's auction, I am the more confirmed in the
resolution I sent j'ou in mj- last, that I will by no means
medle with the whole collection at 200/. . . ."

" The rest of the letter is torn awaj'. The greater por-
tion of the Sibbald MSS. belongs now to the Library of
the Faculty of Advocates. The Earl of Kinnoul was the
nobleman summoned to the House of Peers as Lord Hay
of Petwardine, 31st December, 1711. He married a
daughter of the Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, and pro-
bably acquired his taste for books from that nobleman.
He was a high Tory ; and his English peerage originated
unquestionably in the determination of Queen Anne, as
suggested by her Ministers, to keep them in by a crea-
tion of twelve Peers, to ensure a majority in the Upper
House.

« VIL
" Claim of James Anderson against Government, for the
publication of the ^ DiplomatoB Scotia.' (^From the
original, in his own handwriting, amongst the Collection
of his Papers in the Library of tlie Faculty of Advo-
• Gates.")
" To Besting of Estimate made by the

Parliament of Scotland - - • £740 0 0
By interest thereof from Midsummei',

1710 — before which time it was laid

* " Afterwards the celebrated President of the Court of
Session."

2''<» S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

477

out — to Christmas, 1722, being twelve
and a-lialf years, at five per cent. • 462 10 0
To Loss of Employment as a Writer to »

the Signet, from 1708 to 1722, inclu-
sive, being fifteen years, at 300Z. per
annum 4,500 0 0

£5,702 10 0
By being Postmaster of Scotland, from
Midsummer, 1715, to Christmas, 1717,
and since by pension of 200?. per an-
num, being seven years and a-half -£1,500 0 0

By yet resting owing

-£4,202 10 0"

STRATFORD FAMILY.

(2"^ S. viii. 376.)

Mr. J. G. Nichols, in his notes to Erasmus's
Pilgrimages, p. 99., states that the two Lord
Chancellors, John de Stratford, Archbishop of
Canterbury, and his brother Eobert de Stratford,
Archdeacon of Canterbury and Bishop of Chiches-
ter, were believed to be the nephews of Ralph
Hatton de Stratford, Bishop of London.

By Foss's Judges of England, vol. ili. pp. 515-
521., the precise dates of the appointment of each
of the brothers appear to have been as follows : —

"John de Stratford, Chancellor from Nov. 28, 1330
(Rot. Claus. 4 Edw. III. m. 16.) to Sept. 28, 1334 (Ibid.
8 Edw. III. m. 10.). Again Chancellor from June 6,
1335, to March 24, 1337 {Ibid. 9 Edw. III. m. 23. ; 11
Edw. III. p. i. m, 29.) A third time Chancellor from
April 28, 1340, to June 20 in the same year {Ibid. 14 Edw.
III. p. 1. m. 27. and m. 13.).

" Uobert de Stratford, Keeper of the Seal to his brother
in 1331, 1332, 1334, 1335 (Ibid. 5 Edw. III. m. 17. 20. p.
2. m. 2. ; 6 Edw. III. m. 22. ; 8 Edw. HI. m. 27. ; 9 Edw.
III. m. 23.). Chancellor from March 24, 1337, on his
brother's resignation, to July 6, 1338 (Ibid. 11 Edw. III.
p. 1. m. 29. ; 12 Edw. III. p. 2. m. 33.). Again Chancel-
lor from June 20 to Nov. 30, 1340 (Ibid. 14 Edw. III. p.
1. m. 13.). The former died in 1348 ; the latter in 1362."

D. S.

Robert Stratford of Baltinglass, Ireland, the an-
cestor of the Earls of Aldborough, was the third
son of Edward Stratford of Nuneaton, co. War-
wick, Esq. This Edward was the son of John
Stratford of Nuneaton, and nephew of Robert
Stratford, a citizen of London, who died in 1615,
and, by his will proved at Doctors' Commons, de-
vised estates at Nuneaton and Ansley to be en-
joyed by his nephew when he attained the age of
twenty-eight years. Edward Stratford seems at
that time (1615) to have been at the University of
Oxford. I should be glad to ascertain to which
of the Colleges he belonged.

I have little doubt that the family at Nuneaton
was a branch of the Farmcote Stratfords, but I
have not been able hitherto to trace the con-
nexion between them. A Query upon this sub-
ject was inserted in "N. & Q." (2°'^ S. i. 301.), but

I am sorry to say it elicited no reply. The pedigree
of the Stratfords of Nuneaton (and afterwards of
Merivale) is to be found in the Heralds' Visita-
tion of Warwickshire of 1682, at the College of
Afms, but it commences only with the above-
mentioned Edward. Is the Dublin Heralds' Of-
fice likely to possess a pedigree whereby the
descent of the family can be traced from the re-
mote age mentioned by De W ante, p. 424.

Nicholas Stratford, Bishop of Chester, was the
son of Nicholas Stratford of Hemel Hempstead,
CO, Hertford. He appears by the tablet to his
memory at Chester Cathedral (the arms upon
which are, gules a fesse humettee between three
trestles, argent) to have left an only son, William
Stratford, Archdeacon of Richmond and a Canon
of Christ Church, Oxford, who died in 1729, and
left considerable property to augment the incomes
of poor livings.

A memoir and portrait appeared in the Gen-
tlemaiis Magazine of a William Stratford, Esq.,
LL.D., who died in 1753, " late Commissary of
the Archdeaconry of Richmond," and said to have
been a near relative of the Bishop of Chester
and of the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. I should
be glad to know what the relationship was. F. H.

"^t^liti to Minat ^Mtxi^i.

" ir for ''its" or ''his" (1" S. passim.) —
Having contributed what up to this time is the
earliest instance of this usage noted in your pages
(2"^ S. iv. 319.), I feel entitled to send the fol-
lowing, which is a still earlier instance, and has
the additional recommendation of being in apoet~
ical work, and so putting an end to a doubt ex-
pressed by Mr. Keightley, " that there are no
earlier instances among the poets " than those in
Shakspeare : —

" For I wille speke with the sprete
And of hit woe wille I wete,
Gif that I may hit bales bete,
And the body bare."

Anturs of Arther (Cam. Soc. viii. 11. 13.)

J. Eastwood.

The Play performed in Bishop Williams's House
on a Sunday (2"** S. viii. 401.) — During the reign
of James I. plays were performed at Court on
Sundays. The statute 3 Car. I. c. 4. absolutely
prohibited their exhibition on the Sabbath day;
yet, notwithstanding this act of parliauient, both
plays and masques were performed at court on
Sundays during the first sixteen years of the reign
of that king. (See May's History of the Parlia-
ment of England.)

The statement regarding the performance of
the Midsummer Night's Dream at Bishop Wil-
liams's house, Sept. 27, 1631, does not rest solely
on the MS. at Lambeth Palace. In John Spen-

478

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»<« S. Tin. Dec. 10. '59.

cer's Discourses upon Diverse Petitions delivered
into the Hands of King James and Charles, 4to.,
1641 (quoted from Oldys' MS. notes upon Lang-
baine, in the Variorum Shakspeare, iii. 148.) we
read that : —

" John Wilson, a cunning musician, contrived a curious
comedy, which being acted on a Sundaij night after that
John bishop of Lincoln had consecrated the earl of Cleave-
land's sumptuous chapel, the said John Spencer (newly
made the bishop's commissary general) did present the
said bishop at Huntingdon for suffering the said comedj^
to be acted in his house on a Sunday, though it was nine
o'clock at night; also Sir Sj'dney Montacute and his
lady, Sir Thomas Iladley and his ladj-. Master Wilson,
and others, actors of the same ; and because they did not
appear, he sentenced the bishop to build a school at
Eaton, and endow it with 20Z. a j-ear for a master ; Sir
Sydney Montacute to give five pounds and five coats to
five poor women, and his lady five pounds and five gowns
to five poor widows; and the censure (says he) stands
yai unrepealed."

The mention in this extract of John Wilson is
peculiarly interesting, as adding another link to
the chain already woven, that the " Jack Wilson"
of Shakspeare's stage, and John Wilson the
" cunning musician," were one and the same
person. Edwabd F. Rimbault.

Monumental Brasses subsequent to 1688 (P' S.
vi. 149.) — In S.John's Maddermarket Church,
Norwich, are three eighteenth century monu-
mental brass inscriptions.

1. William Adamson, eighteen years rector of
the parish, who died 1707.

2. Mary, his wife, who died 1706.

3. John Melchior, Sen', died 12 March, 170^,
and Cornelius Melchior, died 13 March, 1713.

Nos. 1. and 2. were engraved at the same time:
No. 2. runs thus : —

" And under his Coffin ly^ih
Mary his wife, who dyed
Dec. 21). 1706,
Aged 72 5'ear3."

In the chancel of SB, Peter and Paul Mancroft
13 another to the memory of Jo. Dersley and his
wife. He died 1708. J. L'Estrange.

Rubbings of Brasses (2""^ S. viii. 292.) — I do
not think E. Y. Lowne will find any preparation
necessary to preserve heel-ball rubbings from
brasses, &c. I have now before me one made in
'47 in quite as .good a state as when removed
from the engraved plate. I would advise E. Y.
Lowne not to fold his rubbings, as it would pre-
serve them from being torn if he mounted them
on stout paper or linen. Extraneus.

Bearded Women (2"^ S. viii. 247. 333.) — I send
you a copy of a handbill in my possession relative
to Mademoiselle Lefort : —
" No. 8. Gerard Street, Soho.

"Facts! Amazing Facts! Never exhibited in Eng-
land, JIademoisello Lefort, a first-rate Phenomenon of
French production, in whom the sexes are so equally

i it is impossible to say which has the pre-
This is one of the instances where Nature,

blended that
dominance.

stepping out of her usual Track, produces to the Won-
dering World a magnet of irresistible and universal
attraction. The hands, arms, feet, and bust possess per-
fect Feminine Beauty, likewise the upper part of the
Face ; the lower part is also beautiful, but possessing the
Masculine Accompaniments of Beard, Mustachoes, and
Whiskers. The curious must be amply gratified by the
contrasted beauties of her Person, the religious must be
struck with saored awe, and, while in astonishment they
contemplate Nature's Works, will raise their minds' to
Nature's God! but to the faculty it has, and ever will be,
an inexhaustible source of Professional inquiry. — N.B.
Ladies may divest themselves of apprehension, as the
exhibition is conducted with the strictest delicacy. Ad-
mittance 2s. 6d each. Will receive companv from One
till Ten."

Edward Hailstone.
Ilorton Hall.

Lomax or Lomas (2"'' S. viii. 415.) — It may
perhaps be useful to Mr. M. A. Lower to know-
that the above name was written Lummas in the
early part of the seventeenth century. It was so
entered in the will of Mr. Arthur Hildersham,
rector of Ashby-de-la-Zouch in 1630; and also
in the registers of that place in 1627, on the occa-
sion of the marriage of his daughter Sara to a
Mr. Jervase Lummas, who seems to have belonged
to the county Salop. This spelling was changed
soon afterwards ; for the marriage of a daughter
of Sara and Jervase was thus entered in the West
Felt on church registers, —

"1653. Mr, Francis Tallents, publique Preacher, and
Mrs. Anne Lomax, niece to Mr. Hildersham, Kector of
West Felton."

This Mr. Hildersham was Samuel, son of Arthur.
If Mr. M. a. Lower possesses any information
respecting this Mr. Jervase Lummas or Lomax or
his descendants, and would kindly communicate
it, I should feel very much obliged to him.

T. E. S.

This surname, and its vernacular pronunciation
L3mas, has long been associated with South Lan-
cashire. The ancient orthography appears in a
MS. Rent Roll of Sir John Pilkington of Bury,
Knight, dated on Thursday next before the feast of
S. Valentine the Martyr, 13 Henry VL, wherein oc-
cur, " Radus del Lumhalghes, Oliverus del Lura-
halghes, Thomas del Lumhalghe de Whetyll, and
Galfridus del Lumhalghes," all holdinglands within
the manor of Bury in the co. of Lancaster.

In a curious and valuabla local article contri-
buted by the Rev. Canon Raines to the Chetham
Society (^Miscell. Vol. 1855), beiftg "Examyna-
tyons towcheynge Cokeye IMore," tpe H. VII.,
one of the witnesses examined was "Lawrens
Lomats of y° :pish of Bolton, of the age of Lxx.
5er'." The fam.ily was never heraldic. R.

" Cuiti7ig ones Stick" (2"^ S. viii. 413.)— This
" vulgarism of fast life," as your correspondent
calls it, is tantamount to the phrase of " cutting

2°* S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59.J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

479

the connexion," or taking a sudden departure
from some embarrassing position. Mr. Timbs
refers, as its probable origin, to an expression of
Walpole in 1770, in reference to bis being able to
walk without a stick after a severe fit of ill-
ness. But if the cant term does not simply refer
to cutting a walking-stick in the hedge on the
occasion of any sudden journey, it may by pos-
sibility have some remote connexion with the
following unique passage in the pi'ophet Zecha-
riah, in which the cutting of a stick is described
as the symbol of abrogating a friendly covenant,
or abruptly breaking off the brotherhood between
two parties : —

".Chap. xi. 4.— Thus saith the Lord my God, feed the
flock of the slaughter.

G. For I will no more pity the inhabitants of the
land, saith the Lord ; but lo, I will deliver the men every
one into his neighbour's hand.

7. And I will feed the flock of the slaughter; even
j'ou, oh poor of the flock. And I took unto me two
staves ; the one I called Beaut}', and the other I called
Bands, and I fed the flock.

8. Three shepherds also I cut oft" in one month ; and
my soul loathed them, and their soul also abhorred me.

10. xYnd I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it
asunder, that I might li-eak 'iny covenant which I had made
with all the people.

11. And it was broken in that da}- ; and so the poor of
the flock that waited upon me knew that it was the word
of the Lord.

12. And I said unto them, if ye think good, give me
mj' price ; and if not, forbear. So they weighed for my
price thirty pieces of silver.

14. Then I cut asunder mine other staff', even Bands;
that I might break the brotherhood between Judah and
Israel."

J. Emerson Tennekt.

"Night, a Poem'' (2"'' S. viii. 11.) — Ebenezer
Elliott, afterwards known as the "Corn Law
E-hymer," published a work, of which the follow-
ing is the title-page " Night, a Descriptive Poem,
Part I., in 4 Books : London, printed for Baldwin,
Cradock, & Joy, Paternoster Row, 1818." It was
printed at llotherham by a Mr. de Camps. The
author's reply to the Monthly Reviewer, Peter
Faultless to his Brother Simon, Talcs of Nighty and
other Poems, was suppressed by him a iavf years
before his death, and all the copies on which he
could lay his hands were bought up and destroyed.
Is J. O. correct in stating that his copy of Night
has the imprimatur " Glasgow, 1811?" If so, I
should esteem it a favour if he would furnish me,
through you, with an exact copy of the title-page.

Epsilon.

" The style is the man himself " (2"'' S. viii. 54.
111.) — Some remarks which I forwarded to you
in reply to Andrew Steinmetz (p. 54.) were an-
ticipated, and more than supplied, by the complete
and authoritative exposition from M. de Ciiasles
(p. 111.). I was glad to find that a native and
competent critic confirmed what I, as a mere
foreign student of the French language, had, with

' some diffidence, suggested : that le style est de
I'homme seemed "an obvious truism, unenlivened
\ by any vivacity or sententiousness in the expres-
! sion of it" (vii. 502.).

I In place of my superseded remarks, I will offer
■ you a few examples that have fallen in my way
I of figurative expression not dissimilar to that
' which has been the subject of this discussion.
: Buffon himself thus turns his phrase In another
\ Discours (Reponse ix M. de Duras), "Ne nous
; identlfions avec nos ouvrages ; disons qu'ils ont
, passe par nous, mais qu'ils ne sont pas nous ; se-
parons en notre existence morale." Charron {La
\ Sagesse) says, " la langue est tout le monde, en elle
I est le bien et le mal, la vie et la mort." " The mind
is the man and the knowledge of the mind. A man
I is but what he kuoweth," Bacon (In Praise of
Knowledge). " Expressions are a modest clothing
I of our thoughts, as breeches and petticoats are of
our bodies," Dryden. " Language is the dress of
thought," Dr. Johnson. " Style is not the dress
of thought, but the body of thought," Edward
Young. " You see in the'style, not the writer and
his labour, but the man in his own natural charac-
ter," Blaii-. "Quant on volt le style naturel, on
est tout etonne, est ravi ; car on s'attendoit de voir
un auteur, et on trouve un homme,'* Pascal. And
see the observations of Wordsworth and De
Quincy cited, 2"" S. vii. 502. 't C. J. B.

Philadelphia, I'enn.

Sigismund and Henry Alexander (2"* S. viii.
292.) — Sigismund and Henry Zinzano, als
Alexander, were buried in the chancel of Tyle-
hurst church, near Reading. I send a copy of
their tombstone, which I took previous to the re-
building of the said church. It is now covered
over with encaustic tile, and lost to the eye, as
are several others. The Zinzanos and Vanlores
were related to Miss Kendrick, the Berkshire
lady. An account of her I published several
years ago, with the ballad.

" Here lyeth Interr'd
Ye Bodj' of Henry Zinzano
Als Alexander of this Parish,
Esq., Eldest Son of S'^ Sigismvnd
ZixzANOK, who died Nov. ye
13 An. Dom. 1G7G,
And Jacoba His Wife the
Eldest Daughter of S"" Petek
Vanloke Ye j'ounger Bar',
who died ye 22'> Day of June, 1G77."

Arms — Azure, a falcon with wings exp<i ppr., on a
rock, or. On the dexter canton side, an estoile of the last.
Crest. — Hawk displayed over a helmet.

Julia R. Bockett.

Bradney, near Burghfield, Reading.

Sir Anthony Poiilett, Knt. (2'"i S. vii. 435.)— In
answer to Mr. Hart, Sir Anthony Poulett is
buried in the church of Hinton S. George, near
Crewkerne, co. Somerset, where a monument to

480

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd S. VIII. Dec. 10. '59,

his memory, and that of Katherine, daughter of
Henry Lord Norris, etc., his wife, bears the fol-
lowing inscriptions : —

" Hie . iacet . Antonivs . Povlet . Miles . et . dvx .
Insvlae.
lersey . qvi . obiit . 22 . die . Ivlii . anno . dni . 1600 .
Hie . iacet . dna . Katherina . Povlet . vxor . Antonii .
Povlet . Militis . Filia . vnica . Henrici . dni . Norris .
Baronis_^de . Rycot . qvi . obiit . 24 . die . Martii .
anno . dni . 1601."

There are several other members of the Poulett
family buried here. Alf. Shelley Ellis.

Bristol.

The Slave Ship (2"'» S. viii. 35,3.) — The late
Mr. Angus B. Ueach was the author of a song
called " The Slave Ship," the first line of which
is —

" Set eveiy stitch of canvas to woo the fresh'ning wind."

J. E. L.

The edition of this song published by Davidson
is headed " Poetry and Music by H. Russell."

R. W. Hackwood.

Fairchild Lecture (2"^ S. viii. 442.)— This lec-
ture is still delivered at Shoreditch Church on
Whit-Tuesdays. The preachers, since the deatli
of the Rev. J. J. Ellis, are, in 1855, the Rev. G.
M. Braune, Hector of Wistowe, Yorkshire. 1856,
The Bishop of Oxford. 1857, 1858. The Rev.
Robert Walker, M.A. of Wadham College, Ox-
ford. 1859. The Rev. Henry Stebbing, D.D.,
Rector of St. Mary Somerset, London. J. Y.

NOTES ON" BOOKS, ETC.

Original Papers illustrative of the Life and Writings of
John 3Iilton, including Sixteen Letters of State tvritten
by him, now First published from 3ISS. in the State
Paper Office ; with an Appendix of Documents relating to
his Connection with the Powell Family. Collected and
Edited by W. Douglas Hamilton, of H. M. State Paper
Office. Printed for the Camden Society.

The Camden Society have again rendered good service
to English Literature bv the publication of the present
volume, of which the varied and important contents are
so amply set forth in the title-page that we may confine
ourselves to the expression of our satisfaction that Mr.
Hamilton should thus have placed at the disposal of the
admirers of Jlilton, and all future Editors of his wocks,
these new materials for the personal and literary history
of the great poet.

December seems to be a healthy month for Periodicals.
Frascr exhibits more than its usual excellence, and to
judge by its announcement of papers for the January
Number, means to open the New Year vigorously. Mac-
millan's Magazine opens, like Fraser, with a good article
on National Defences, and its crack paper, " Tom Brown
at Oxford" improves, as Tcm Brown ought to do at
Oxford. The Constitutional Press, in addition to its pre-
sent great attraction of Miss Youngc's tale of Hopes and
Fears, contains several excellent papers, among the best
of which is that on Sir E. B. Lvtton.

Books Eeceivkd. —

BosiveU's Life "of Johnson, edited by the Tiight Hon. J.
W. Croker. tVith Illustrations. Parts VIL to X. (Mur-
ray.)

tion
most

the

These four parts complete this marvellously cheap edi
)n, whicli is at the same time by far the best, of thi
Dst interesting biography in the English language.
The Life of Lord Byron, with his Letters and Journals.

By Thomas Moore. Parts I. and IL (Murray.)

This is a rival in point of cheapness — for it is to be

completed in nine shilling numbers — of the Boswell,

which we have just noticed.

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AVanted by William Curtia Olter, F.R.A.S., 2. Havelock Terrace,
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Rev. R. C. Tbbkcb's Sacred Latin Poetry.

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A CoLLECTIOX OF INTERESTING LettERS. 1767.

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the Art in the best style, and at most reasonable charges. Labels, Show-
cards, and Trade Catalogues DESIGNED and PRINTED.
London : 21. ESSEX-STREET, STRAND, W.C.

2«<» S. VIII. Dec. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

481

LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17. 1859.

No. 207. — CONTENTS.

NOTES: — "Round about our Coal Fire, or Christmai Entertain-
ments: " a Bibliographical Rarity, by Dr. Rimbault, 481 —Folk-lore
and Provincialisms. 483 _ Saint Stephen's Day, by J. G. Nichols, 484 —
Fairy Rings, by J. H. van Lenncp, /6 Northamptonshire Story, 485

— A Gossip about Christmas and its Folk-lore, 486 — Christmas Cus-
toms and Folk-lore, 483 — Meals of Merse Farm Servants, 489 —
Motet : Tenor, lb. — '' Modern Slang. Cant, and Vulgar Words," 490.

Minor Notes i — The Old French Invasion — Sir Walter Raleigh, pre-
sumed Relic of— Sermons before the Battle of Bothwell Bridge-
Ancient Entry — Epitaph of Lieutenant Jolin Western in Dordrecht
Cathedral — Book Stalls, 493.

Minor Qobhiks; — John Parkinson — William Fynmore — Ijiterse Re-
giae — Earl of Northesk — Historical Narrative — iEncas Smith —
Passage in"Clauilian " — Ferdinand Smyth Stuart — CaptainThoraas
Rudd — Snuff boxes in Memoriam of Kobert Emmett — The Murder
of Sir Roger Beler, and the Laws of Chivalry — " The Load of Mis-
chief" — E. Farrer — Lopez de Vega, 495.

Minor Qdebifs with Ansttkrs : — "Puppy-Pie" — A Harrington —
The Flower Pot, Bishopsgate Street Within — David I^ewis — Anne
Cromwell ; Mary More — Bocase Tree — A Soldier's Epitaph, 496.

REPLIES : _ The Unburied Ambassadors, by J. P. Phillips, &c., 498
Eikon Basilike, by Rev. E. S. Taylor. 500— Prisoner's Arraignment:
Holding up the Hand, by Rev. T. Boys, &c., 501. — Henry Smith's
Sermons, by H. P. Smith, Sec., lb.

REPLIES TO MiKoit Queries : — Son of Pascal Paoli — Portrait of a True
Gentleman — Francis Mence — The Electric Telegraph foreshadowed

— Epigram to a Female Cupbearer — Peel Towers — Ringing Bells
backwards : the Tocsin — Jest Books — Bishop Sprat's Retort —
Ploughs — Witchcraft in Churning, ifcc, 502.

Notes on Books, be.

" round about our coal fire, or christmas

entertainments" :

a bibliographical rarity.

I have now before me a little volume of sixty-
four pages, once belonging to that greedy hunter
after the " Folk-lore" of England, Master John
Brand of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. At this season
of the year it may be worth noticing in the pages
of " N. & Q.," more especially as it is a treasure
of very uncommon occurrence.

The title-page is somewhat lengthy, but as it
describes so minutely the contents of the book, it
is desirable to give it in full : —

" Round About oup. Coal Fire, or Christmas
Entertainments. Wherein is de.scribed. Chap. I. Tlie
Mirth and Jollity of the Christmas Holydays; viz. Christ-
mas Gambols, Eating, Drinking, Kissing, and other Di-
versions. Chap. II. Of Hobgoblins, Kaw-heads, and
Bloody-bones, Buggj'-bows, Tom-pokers, Bull-beggars,
and such like horrible Bodies. Chap. Ill, Of Witches,
Wizzards, Conjurers, and such Trifles; what they are,
and how to make them ; with many of their merry Pranks.
Chap. IV. Enchantment demonstrated, in the Story of
Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean ; giving a par-
ticular Account of Jack's arrival at the Castle of Giant
Gogmagog; his rescuing ten thousand Ladies and Knights
from being broiled for the Giant's Breakfast; jumping
through Key-holes; and at last bow he destroyed the
Giant, and became Monarch of the Universe. Chap. V.
Of Spectres, Ghosts, and Apparitions ; the great Con-
veniences arising from them ; and how to make them.
Chap. VI. Of Fairies, their Use and Dignity. Together
with some curious Memoirs of Old Father Christmas;
Shewing what Hospitality was in former Times, and how
little there remains of it at present. Illustrated with many
diverting Cuts. The Fourth Edition, with great Addi-
tions. London, Printed for /. Robertsia Warwick-Lane,

and sold by the Booksellers in Town and Country.

MDCCXXXIV."

Passing over the Dedication

" To the Worshipful Mr. Lun, (i. e. Christopher Rich),
Complete Witchmaker of England, and Conjurer- General
of the Universe, at his Great House in Covent Garden,"

signed Dick Merryman, we have a " Prologue," '
which being in the shape of a " merry Song " on
Christmas, is worth extracting : —

" O you merry, merry Souls,
Christmas is a coming.
We shall have flowing bowls,
Dancing, piping, drumming.

" Delicate minced pies.
To feast every virgin,
Capon and goose likewise,
Brawn, and a dish of sturgeon.

" Then for j'our Christmas box,
Sweet plumb cakes and money.
Delicate Holland smocks,
Kisses sweet as honey.

" Hey for the Christmas ball,
Where we shall be jolly,
Coupling short and tall,
Kate, Dick, Ralph, and Molly.

" Then to the hop we'll go.
Where we'll jig and caper,
Cuckolds all-a-row.
Will shall pay the scraper.

" Hodge shall dance with Prue,
Keeping time with kisses,
We'll have a jovial crew
Of sweet smirking misses."

The author gives us an account, in his first
chapter, of the mode of observing the festival of
Christmas among the middle classes towards the
beginning of the last century. He says that " the
manner of celebrating this great course of holy-
days is vastly different now to what it was in
former days," and contrasts it with the amuse-
ments of earlier times.

" There was once upon a time Hospitality in the Land;
an English Gentleman at the opening of the great day,
had all his Tenants and Neighbours enter'd his hall bj'
day-break, the strong- beer was broach'd, and the black-
jacks went plentifully about with toast, sugar, nutmeg,
and good Cheshire cheese; the rooms were embower'd
with hoUj', ivy, cypress, bays, laurel, and missleto, and a
bouncing Christmas log in the chimney glowing like the
cheeks of a country milk-maid ; then was the pewter as
bright as Clarinda, and every bit of brass as polished as
the most refined Gentleman ; the Servants were then
running here and there, with merry hearts and jolly
countenances; every one was busy in welcoming of
Guests, and look'd as smug as new lick'd puppies ; the
Lasses were as blithe and buxom as the maids in good
Queen Bess's days, when they eat sirloins of roast beef
for breakfast : Peg would scuttle about to make a toast
for John, while Tom run harum scariim to draw a jug of
ale for Margery."

And, afterwards, we are told,

" This great festival was in former times kept with so
much freedom and openness of heart, that every one in
the country where a Gentleman resided, possessed at least

482

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2n<i S. VIII. Dec. 17. '69.

a day of pleasure in the Christmas holydays ; the tables
were all spread from the first to the last, the sir-loyns of
beef, the minc'd-pies, the plumb-puddings, were all
brought upoa the board ; and all those who had sharp
stomachs and sharp knives eat heartily and were welcome,
which gave rise to the proverb,

' Merry in the hall, when beards wag all.'
" There were then turnspits employed, who by the time
dinner was over, would look as black and as greasy as a
Welch porridge-pot, but the Jacks have since turned
them all out of doors. The geese, which used to be fatted
for the honest neighbours, have been of late sent to
London, and the quills made into pens to convey away
the Landlord's estate ; the sheep are drove away to raise
money to answer the loss at a game at dice or cards, and
their skins made into parchment for deeds and inden-
tures ; naj', even the poor innocent bee, who was used to
pay his tribute to the Lord once a year at least in good
metheglin, for the entertainment of the guests, and its
wax converted into beneficial plaisters for sick neigh-
bours, is now used for the sealing of deeds to his disad-
vantage."

The Squire of olden times was a man of mighty
influence. If he happened to ask a neighbour
what it was o'clock, he received for answer, with
a low scrape, " It is what your Worship pleases."
But, withal, he was good to his neighbours, kept
no " mock-beggar hall ; " and " give me the man
who has a good heart in his belly, and has spirit
enough to keep up the old way of hospitality."

Among the amusements of our own time, the
author of Round about our Coal Fire mentions

" Mumming, or Masquerading, when the Squire's
wardrobe is ransacked for dresses of all kinds, and the
coal-hole searched around, or corks burnt to black the
faces of the fair, or make deputy-mustaches, and every
one in the family, except the Squire himself, must be
transformed from what they were."

Among the games, Blindman's buff, puss in the
corner, questions and commands, hoop and hide,
and story-telling, were also resorted to for variety,
but cards and dice were especially avoided, " un-
less a lawyer is at hand to breed some dispute for
him to decide, or at least have some party in."
Dancing, of course, was in great request, and here
the writer takes an opportunity of saying, " The
dancing and singing of the Benchers in the great
Inns of Court on Christmas, is in some sort
founded upon interest ; for they hold, as I am in-
formed, some priviledge by dancing about the
fire in the middle of their Hall, and singing the
song of Round about our Coal Fire," &c.

Gentlemen of the long robe may smile when
they look back upon the antics of their predeces-
sors, but they may rest assured that these " dan-
cings " actually took place. Once upon a time,
indeed, according to that high authority Dugdale,
the barristers of Lincoln's Inn were, " by declam-
ation, put out of Commons for example's sake,
because the whole bar offended by not dancing on
Cafidlemas day preceding, according to the ancient
order of this Society." This occurred in the reign
of James I. (See DugdaWs Orig. Jurid. cap.
64.)

Turning over the pages of stories about " Hob-
goblins," " Raw-heads and Bloody-bones," " Con-
jurers," " Witches," &c. &c., including an in-
teresting wood-cut of the " Hobgoblin Society,"
we arrive at " A Chapter on Fairies," which is
interesting enough to call for quotation : —

" My grandmother has often told me of fairies dancing
upon our green, and that they were very little creatures
cloathed in green ; they would do good to the industrious
people, but they pinch the sluts; they would steal
children, and give one of their own in the room ; and the
moment any one saw them they were struck blind of one
eye. All this I have heard, and my grandmother, who
was a very tall woman, said she had seen several of
them, which I believe because she said so; she said,
moreover, that they lived under-ground, and that they
generally came out of a mole-hill; they had fine music
always among themselves, and danced in a moon-shiny
night around, or in a ring, as one may see at this day
upon every common in England where mushrooms grow.
But, though mj' grandmother told me so, it is not un-
lawful to enquire into a secret of this nature, and so I
spoke to several good women about it.

" When I asked one whether there was such things as
fairies, • A}',' says she, ' I have seen them many a time ; '
another said, ' There's no room to doubt of it, for you
may see thousands of their rings upon our common,' &c.

" I found, however, another way to be satistied of the
matter, and heard the following story of fairies from a
person of reputation.

" A gentlewoman and her husband were going into the
country, and thought it best to retire out of town four
or five miles the night before, to receive the stage-coach,
and avoid the ceremony of taking leave of their friends,
which are generally more troublesome than welcome on
that occasion ; and' being gone to bed in a country town
where fairies walked about twelve o'clock, up comes a
little woman, not much bigger than one's thumb, and
immediately follows a little parson, also a great number
of people, and a midwife, with a child in her arms ; and
I suppose by their power chairs were set for them : but
it happened they wanted a godmother for the child, for it
was to be christened that night ; so says the good fairy,
* Father, the gentlewoman in the room will do us that
favour.' ' Ay,' says the rest of the company, • it is a
good thought;' and up brisked the fairy father to the
bed-side, and called out the lady who did the office ; for
which the father gave her a large diamond ring. All this
while the lady's husband was as fast as a church, and
knew nothing of the matter. But in the morning, good
lack, the case was altered ; he espied the fine ring upon
his wife's finger : ♦ How came you by that, my dear ? '
says he. ' Why, my love! 'replies she, 'the fairies have
been here to-night;' and told him the story of the
christening. ♦ Zounds,' says he; • the ring is Sir John's
ring ; I know the stone : I have often seen familiarities
between you and him, and now am convinced of your
treachery.' And so I suppose he took his wife for a
wanton.

" The fairies were very necessary in families, as much
as bread, salt, pepper, or any other such commoditj', I
believe ; because they used to walk in my father's house,
and if I can judge right of the matter, they were brought
into all the families by the servants ; for in old times folks
used to go to bed at'nine o'clock, and when the master
and mistress were lain on their pillows, the men and
maids, if they had a game at romps, and blundered up
stairs, or jumbled a chair, the next morning every one
would swear it was th'e fairies, and that they heard them
stamping up and down stairs all night, crying, « Waters

2'"iS. Vm. Dec. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

m

locked, waters locked,' when there was no water in any
pail in the kitchen.

" So from what I have said, the hobgoblins, the witches,
the conjurers, the ghosts, and the fairies, are not of any
value, nor worth our thought."

Such are my brief notices of this " bibliographi-
cal rarity," which at some future period I shall
return to. It remains to inquire when the ^rst,
second, and third editions appeared. As yet I
have not been able to trace them. There is an
edition of 1796, which professes to be a reprint of
the present. Edward F. Kimbault.

FOLK LORE AND PROVINCIALISMS.

In addition to the curious elucidations of men
and manners derived from the customs and lan-
guage of our country people, great and important
aid is given to the philolojjist by this study.
Many things commonly considered vulgarisms are
not so; they are often really archaisms, or an-
cient Enjrlish names, since superseded by words
derived from other sources. Many wonder how
Birmingham could possibly be corrupted into
Brummagem. The fact is, the latter word is the
ancient Anglo-Saxon name, Bromwicham, for-
merly pronounced as nearly as possible like the
common people do now ; while the former name
is that of the family De Bermingham, who held
the manor from the time of the Conquest (some
say earlier) till 1527. The polite used the name
most familiar to Norman ears, while the lower
ranks adhered to the old Anglo-Saxon designa-
tion.

A short time before the death of that accom-
plished scholar J. Mitchell Kemble, I chanced to
mention to him another fact connected with pro-
vincialisms ; and that was, that, in different parts
of England, words obviously from the same root
had widely different pronunciations. Thus the
Anglo-Saxon burh, a city, in the north is a
" burgh ; " in some parts of England " borough,"
and in others (in composition) " bury." So the
A.-S. die, in parts of England is a ditch ; farther
north a dyke ; and in Kent a dyk (pronounced
like Dick). I suggested this might be due to the
various dialects of the original settlers, Jute,
Angle, or Saxon. The gentleman whose loss we
all must deeply regret, was much pleased at the
idea, and begged of me to collect and treasure up
everything of the kind I could. For my own
part I conceive this to be one of the chief of the
varied uses of " N. & Q.," and that the warmest
thanks of every philologist are due to it on ac-
count of its storing up the Folk Lore atid Pro-
vincialisms of Britain.

Brangle (2"** S. viii. 6.) — Swift (proposal for
badges for the poor) uses this word in the sense of
" embroil ; " but in TJrquhart and Motteaux's
Rabelais, Book ii. cap. 2., he is telling the Tal-

mudical story of the giant riding astride on the
top of Noah's ark, " for he was too big to get in-
side," and says, " in that, portion he saved the
said ark from danger, for with his legs he gave it
the brangle that was needful, and with his foot
turned it whither he pleased, as a ship answereth
her rudder." The original is, " car il luy bail-
loyt le bransle auecques les iambes." Is the
word bransle the origin of brangle ? It seems not
improbable.

Cushion. — Bailey derives this from coussin ; and
Richardson seems to think it to be a word cor-
rupted from coxa. In the account of Archbishop
Nevill's Inthronisation it is spelt quission. Is it
not derived from quisse, the old spelling of the
French c^dsse, and the meaning something to rest
the thigh upon ?

Derivations Wanted: — StucMing. — That sort
of apple tart which in London is named a turn-
over, in Sussex is called by this name. What is
its derivation ?

Hvffkins. — In the same county a sort of cakes
are called thus. Whence is the derivation, and
what is the difference between these and man-
chets, simnels, and cracknels ?

Feeling Leer. — In the neighbourhood of Brigh-
ton, if any one is weak and faint, they complaia
of feeling leer (or lear, for no one knows how it
is spelt). It is said that many of the peculiar
words in Sussex and Hampshire are derived from
the intercourse between the fishermen of this
coast and of the opposite shores of Normandy
and Brittany. Is this so ?

Dunner. — A friend of mine observing to a
woman in Buckinghamshire how active her boy
was, answered, " Ah, sir ; it beant no iise bringing
up lads too dunner." Is this from the A.-S»
dunnian, to darken, to obscure ?

Widbin. — In the same county they call Dog-
wood by this name. My informant thought at
first they meant woodbine, but found it was the
red dogwood that was meant. The A.- Saxon is
comtreow.

Maiden, a clothes* horse. Thus called in the
neighbourhood of Tavistock. Is the word pecu-
liar to Devon, or is it used in other counties ?

A Gleer. — A slide is thus called in Oxford-
shire. In Anglo-Saxon glcer is the name for
amber. Can ice be so called on account of its
being partly transparent, like amber ? To this
day we call the white of egg glare, which also
has some degree of transparency. " Glare," in
the sense of light, is derived by Skinner from the
French esclairer, a not very satisfactory origin.

Keck-handed. — In Buckinghamshire and its
neighbourhood if a man, at hay time or harvest,
holds his fork with his left hand lowest, they say,
" Ah ! he's no good ! he's keck-handed ! he works

484

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"<i S. Vlir. Dec. 17. '59.

with the weakest hand next to the load." Can
your readers inform me of the origin of this say-
ing, and its etymology ?

Browsy. — In the Midland Counties this word
is applied to anyone who looks showy. " She'd
her best shawl on, and new ribbons to her bonnet,
and her looked quite browsy." Can this be a
modification of blowsy, a word applied to any
broad red-faced person ? if so, what is the ety-
mology ? Bailey {Diet. 1770) gives this last word,
but no derivation.

Noah's Ark Cloud. — A cloud rising, of the form
of the Vesica Piscis, or shaped like a vertical
elongated oval, is called in the North "Noah's
Ark," and believed to be the precursor of a great
deal of rain. Does such an opinion and title pre-
vail in the southern counties ?

Tooth-Ache Superstition. — In Sussex they say,
if you always clothe your right leg first, i. e. if
you invariably put the right stocking on before
the left ; right leg into the trowsers before the
left ; right boot, &c. &c., you will never have the
tooth-ache. Does this opinion obtain elsewhere,
and if so, what can be the origin of such an odd
superstition ?

Sending Jack after Yes. — In the southern coun-
ties if a person in haste accidentally knocks down
any article, and the fall of this knocks down a
second, they say " that's sending Jack after Yes."
I should fancy it meant sending after yeast, which
is often done in a hurry at baking times, if the
haste only were alluded to ; but why should it be
only employed when one thing knocks down ano-
ther?

Singing before Breakfast. — In Hampshire, &c.,
they say, " if you sing before breakfast, you will
cry before night." Is this a saying in the north
also ? A. A.

Poets' Comer.

SAINT STEPHEN S DAY.

St. Stephen's Day is the morrow of Christmas
Day. An old letter now before me seems to show
that it was the day on which, in some families,
the highest festivities took place. The letter was
written by Robert Heyricke, an alderman of
Leicester, "To the rijjht wo' his very good
Brother sir Willyam Heyricke, Knygbt, at his
howse in Woodstrete," in Cheapside, and is dated
" Leicester the 2 of January 1614" : —

" Yow wryte how yow reacayved my lettar of (on) St.
Stevens day, and that, I thanke yow, yow esteemed yt as
wellcoom as the 18 trumpytors ; w* in so doing I inust
and will esteme yowres, God willing, more wellcoom
then trumpets and all the musicke we have had since
Christmas, and j'et we have had prety store bothe of
owre owne and othar, evar since Christmas. And the
same day we were busy w* hoUding up hands and spoones
to yow, owt of porredge and pyes, in the remembraunce of
yowre g* (great) lyberality of frute and spice, which God

send yow long lyffe to contynew, for of that day we have
not myssed anny St. Steven this 47 yeare to have as many
gas (guests) as my howse woolld hoUd, I thank God
for yt."

This is not only a genuine picture of old Eng-
lish banqueting at Christmas, but it alludes to two
or three remarkable customs. The eighteen trum-
peters were a London band, perhaps the same as
the City Waits. The presents of fruit and spice
sent down into the country formed the porridge
and pies of the Christmas feast ; and the acknow-
ledgement thereof, by holding up spoons to the
name of the donor, is a remarkable old custom,
now perhaps quite forgotten. It is mentioned
again in a second letter written by the same party
on the following Christmas : —

" I tooke colld of Christmas even with looking into
the garden, but Christmas daj' being my ill day, 1 was
in that cace I was fayne to be led home from chirche,
and had a spice of youre dissease, fearing dyvers tvmes
I shoUd have fallen. And yet this day, I thanke "God,
all hart agayne, and have had 30, or nere, at dynnar, and
with wyne and sugar, and hands helld up so hye as we
colld, we remembred Woodstrete; and thoughe we can
doe no more, 5'et in oure praj'ers, in our spoones, and in
our cups, we doe not forget you when tyme sarves."

This was written on St. Stephen's Day, Dec.
26, 1615.

A third time the lifting up of spoons, as
well as cups, is mentioned by the same writer
when acknowledging the presents of another
Christmas; for which, he says, "we rendar all
possyble thankes, and will not forget you, God so
willinge, in the cup nor the spootie." (Dec. 17,
1616.) John Gough Nichols.

FAIRY KINGS.

As I believe that many Dutch works, if but
circulated in England, would §nd a large mass
of interested readers, I draw your attention to
one which has recently appeared, and which no
doubt would have its goodly share of purchasers.
The literal translation of its title (Verhandeling
over de Kol-op Heksekringen, ook wel Tooverkrin-
gen genaamd door Dr. R. Westerhoff. Groningen,
bij de erven C. M. van Bolhuis Hoitsema, 1859,
in 8°.) sounds in English : Essay concerning the
Hog, or Witch-circles, also called Magical Rings,
by Dr. R. Westerhoff. I am sorry I have not got the
book itself, but I will at least impart to you all I
know about it, in good confidence that the subject,
which with you is a thorough national one, will
serve as an apology for my want of originality. I
translate from the Konsten Letterhode (the Dutch
AthencBuni), vol. Ixxi. p. 276. : —

"An Essay like the superscribed, which leads us back
to the Middle Ages, and, at the same time, transfers us
in the precincts of the newest researches in phj-sical
science, does not often occur. It gives evidence of a very
comprehensive knowledge, and' at one moment is quite
contemplative, at another purely practical.

S"* S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59.)

NOTES AND QUERIES.

485

"The writer begins with enumerating the different
kinds of fairj'-rings which seem to exist in Europe. Of
the six species he takes under notice, the third exclusively
makes the subject of his essay.

"To wit, those rings which in some places appear in
the meadows, and are conspicuous b}' the circles of vari-
ous diameter according to age, and spreading out more
and more every year ; farther distinguished by a cycle
of ver3' crowded, luxuriant grass, from some inches to
cue foot in width, and apparently spurned by cattle;
which rings in spring, in summer, or in autumn, according
to their kind, are surrounded by a border of fungi."

This species of hag- rings is reported to be found
in various parts of the Netherlands, but was no-
ticed more especially in Friesland by Dr. Wester-
hoff: —

"After having passed the review of all the mediaeval
traditions, in their superstitious varieties regarding the
different kinds of magical rings — not forgetting that sort
which grows in the meadow — the writer proceeds to ex-
plain the origin of that we named last.

"And, in the first instance, he notes down that Lin-
naeus [not very poeticall3'!] considered them as occa-
sioned bj' ' horses'-water ;' that by others they were said
to be the work of ants ; others, again, ascribed them to
haj'-cocks, wliich had smothered the grass, or to the
effects of lightning, etc., till at last their true nature was
found out by Wollaston, viz. that the rings were the con-
sequence of fungi. If we may believe the writer, Wol-
laston however was not as happy in his explanation of
the reason why every year these fungi spread to a wider
circle. For he contended that the fungus, once having
taken in the centre of the ring, possesses the power to
exhaust the soil in such a way that its progeny do not
find food enougli in the same spot to be able to flourish
there, and thus always go on further away from the site
where their progenitors were born, lived and died.

" Dr. VVesterhoff impugns this theory in a very ample
discussion, and at last communicates his view of the sub-
ject. He finds the interpretation of the fairj'-rings in the
theory promulgated by Professor Brugmans, that the
roots of plants not only suck up food, but also secrete un-
necessary matters, which sometimes are deleterious to
other plants, but more so to those of their own kind,
and sometimes, too, again seem to be sought for by other
species.

" The author everywhere gives proof of his having con-
sulted an immense mass of writings, but this principally
is the case with regard to his aspect of how fairy-rings do
originate. He connects it with the alternation of crops
(jjruchtwisseling), as, especially in former days, it was held
forth by several botanists and others : why, for instance,
trefoil may not always be grown on the same soil, or
why, after beans, a good harvest of wheat will follow."

J. H. VAN Lennep.

Zej'st, near Utrecht.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE STORT.

The following Imes were given me some years
ago by an old Northamptonshire lady, who told
me she had them from her mother; that they were
founded on a fact which had occurred, and that
they were within four or five years "before the
Pretender went to Derby," or about 1740. They
are of a very graphic character, though unfortu-

nately there is more than one hiatus in the MS.
They run thus, and she entitled them
" Riding round the Great Oak.
" A farm of Parkley's at the Hall

One Satfield hired ; nor large, nor small :

'Twas just one hundred pounds a year,

And reckoned neither cheap nor dear.

At half year's end he surely went,

And at the Mansion paid his Rent.

One day as Rent was tending * down

'Twas found deficient, just a Crown.

His head he scratched, his Shoulders shrugged.

And from his Fob his purse he lugged :

Turned inside out — thrice shook it well —

But nothing — nothing — nothing fell.

When three times told 'twas just the same.

' So ! here's some blunder of my Dame ;

She told it fifty, I dare say :

I met no Gipsj' by the way.'

Something beside he mumbled «'er;

Quoth Parkley, 'Teaze yourself no more,

The Crown I'll promise to forgive.

If you'll acquaint me how j-ou live,

Keep a sick wife, and children five.

And (as the Country has it) thrive :

Yet never fail your Rent to pay

Each Michaelmass and Lad}--day —

My Farm you know is twice the size,

And snug within itself it lies ;

It is my own, but I protest

I scarce can drudge along at best'

Said Satfield, and he shook his head ;

'Aye, measter, something might be said —

But if, and that the truth 1 show —

Faith, Landlord ! I know what I know.'

' Then what you know, discover, do,

And 1 shall know what I know too.'

' Aye, measter ! but it's sometimes best

To curb the truth, so give it rest.'

' Give it rein ! ' ' You'll take it ill.'

' Call me Tenant, if I will.'

' Why then — six mornings all together,

Ere six o'clock, and heed no weather 1

Round your great Oak, in far-field, ride

Three Times at least — whatever betide.

Then home to breakfast — on your life

The secret trust not, e'en your wife.'
"They part; that night upon bis bed,

Parkley" recalled what Satfield said;

* What if I rise, and take my Mare,'
Thought he ; ' there's health and morning air.'
At five he rose, not Madam knew,

Ere six the hunting gate went through,
Saddled his steed himself, and strait
Stole slyly through the hunting gate.
O'er the first field went, all so fast,
But o'er the rest at leisure past.
Far-field at length he reached full sad,
For 'twas the farthest field he had.
The Oak, as bid, rode three times round ;
As he returned, new troubles found.
His neighbour's fields, for harvest brown —
His own — all green, and trodden down —
' I wonder — 'tmust be out by now ;
' I wonder where the team's at plough :

* The sheep not folded all the night —
' Was ever farm in such a plight ? ' —
Arrived at home — his Mare put in —
His horses were, some at the Bin,

Sic.

4aa

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Deo. 17. '59^

Some deep in dung, instead of litter —
His verj- soul was in a, twitter.
The teat still weeping for tlie Pail,
In every Barn slept every Flail.

His Servants fast — but, hark ! one stirs ;
Down step the Maids in loose attire
To dress them prattling round the fire.
The maids at sight of Master fled
To dress above ; then down came Ned,
And Tom, and Will, and James and John —
' You drones ! are these your goings on ?
' Out of my house ' — their due he paid,
And turned off every Man and Maid,
Takes a new set — his ride renews ;
Each morning all his ground reviews.
The Landlord all the country ....

Large ricks and barns too you might see
Arise around the great Oak Tree,
And Satfield, to his heart's content.
Is thanked — with what? — a twelvemonth's rent."
Can any of your readers supply the missing
verses ? And can they tell me how many acres at
that period a farm consisted of which might be
described " nor large nor small " ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

A GOSSIP ABOUT CHRISTMAS AND ITS POLK LOBE.

Marry, this is a subject well calculated to fill
an entire number of " N. & Q.," if indeed it
would not rather call for a goodly volume to itself
to do it justice. Yet peradventure one may in a
page or two touch upon a few of its pleasant points
and bygone memories.

How bound up with the social history of Eng-
land is the history of Christmas ; how strongly is
the national mind reflected in its time-honoured
observances ; and what a store of new and pleasant
reading might any Dry-as-dust (if the shelves of
his library, on which his Folk-lore Collections are
ranged, be but fitly garnished) gather together in
a few hours, to show us on the one hand the way
in which

" The great King Arthur made a sumptuous feast,
And held his Royal Christmas at Carlisle ; "

and in strange contrast how at Christmas the
Groom Porter set the tables for play, even

" In the old time when George the Third was King."
Of a truth, his difficulty would be, not what to
say, but what to omit; — not where to begin, but
when to leave off.

Is it not strange, then, that with a theme so
rich, we find year after year, and Christmas after
Christmas, this season of Peace and Goodwill, and
all its associations, treated of by everybody, not
with a rich outpouring of his own spirit, but with
a refashioning of the old materials gathered ready
to his hands by Brand, Hone, and such like wor-
thies. Why should not the same research which
Sandys, Rimbault, and Chappell, have employed
upon the subject of Christmas Carols be ex-

tended to other remarkable features of the great
Christian Festival ?

What though the Waits seem to be tired of
waiting, and to have disappeared, is there not
much yet to be gathered concerning their past
history and that of their continental brethren ?
The admirable translation of Vinny Bourne's
address to David Cook, " a vigilant and circum-
spect watchman of Westminster," which appeared
in your first volume *, called forth a mass of
curious information touching the old Watchman,
his Bell, his Dog, and his Song. Yet the subject
can scarcely be said to have received due attea-
tion at the hands of the antiquary. Walter Scott
in the Illustrations of Northern Antiquities, and
Edgar Taylor in his capital little book on the
Troubadours and Minnesingers, have each given
us a specimen of the German Watchman Songs ;
but surely, seeing what an addition has been made
of late years to the collected Ballad Poetry of Ger-
many, some fresh examples might well be given
of this peculiar expression of the popular voice.

Has any curious student of old customs learned
the origin of the Christmas Pieces, in which the
children of our Charity Schools some thirty or
forty years since were wont to try their skill at
calligraphy, and then to make the exhibition of
their work a means of extracting Christmas Boxes
from their friends and patrons? Are any early
specimens of these Christmas Pieces known to
exist ?

Again, how many quaint and apparently un-
meaning customs exist, or have existed lately, in
various parts of the country, on which, obscure as
they may at first sight seem, some light might be
thrown by research among the traditions of the
neighbourhood, or the labours of Continental An-
tiquaries.

Gay's Epilogue to The What d!ye call it —

" Our Stage Play has a moral, and no doubt
You all have sense enough to find it out," —

might well be parodied, with reference to such
inquiries, after this fashion : —

" Each custom has its meaning, there's no doubt.
Had we but sense enough to find it out."

For instance, the Kentish custom of Hoden-
ing: —

" Hodening in Kent.— At Ramsgate, in Kent, they begin
the festivities of Christmas by a curious musical proces-
sion. A party of young people procure the head of a
dead horse, which is affixed to a pole about four feet in
length. A string is tied to the lower jaw ; a horse-cloth
is then attached to the whole, under which one of the
party gets, and, by frequently pulling the string, keeps
up a loud snapping noise, and is accompanied by the
rest of the party grotesquely habited, and ringing hand-
bells. They thus proceed from house to house, sounding
their bells, and singing carols and songs. They are com-
monly gratified with beer and cake, or perhaps with

♦ It S. i. 152.

2»'» S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

487

money. This is provincially called a hodening, and the
figure above described as a hoden or wooden horse.

*• This curious ceremony is also observed in the Isle of
Thanet on Christmas Eve, and is supposed to be an ancient
relic of a festival ordained to commemorate our Saxon
ancestors landing in that island."

This is told by Busby in his Concert Room
Anecdotes, thence transferred to Hone's Every
Day Booh (ii. 1642). From Hone it finds its way
into Brand's great storehouse of Popular Anti-
quities (i. 474., ed. 1849), and there it is left ;
but who can doubt that if any zealous member
of the Kentish Archaeological Society would look
into the Deutsche Mythologie of that most profound
scholar Jacob Grimm, he would find something
new and worth telling in illustration of this very^
curious custom?

Who can doubt that in many parts of the
country traces are still to be found of practices
and superstitions which Nork, in his Festhalen-
dar, records as being still observed among our
German brethren. Are the trees nowhere awak-
ened in England with a cry similar to that ad-
dressed to them in Thuringia : " Little tree wake
up — Frau Holle is at hand"? Does there no-
where exist among us any evidences of a belief
that on Christmas Eve the cattle and domestic
animals are gifted with speech and a higher in-
telligence ? or of the offerings still made in Nqfway
on Christmas Day to the Spirit of the Waters ?
The Norway Legend is so pretty as to deserve to
be told in English.

Once upon a time a fisherman wished on Christ-
mas Day to give the Spirit of the Waters a cake ;
but when he came to the shore, lo ! the waters
were frozen over. Unwilling to leave his offering
upon the ice, and so to give the Spirit the trouble
of breaking the ice to obtain it, the fisherman
took a pickaxe, and set to work to break a hole
in the ice. In spite of all his labour he was only
able to make a very small hole, not nearly large
enough for him to put the cake through. Having
laid the cake on the ice, while he thought what
was best to be done, suddenly a very tiny little
hand as white as snow was stretched through the
hole, which seizing the cake and crumpling it up
together, withdrew with it. Ever since that time
the cakes have been so small that the Water
Spirits have had no trouble with them. And in
this legend we have the origin of the compliment
so often paid to a Norwegian lady, " Your hand is
like a water-sprite's ! "

Passing in review the twelve days of Christmas,
we come to St. Stephen's Day : and here let me
call the attention of your readers to a curious
fragment of a Friesic song in honour of that Saint,
which forms a fitting illustration to the Carol on
St. Stephen's Day : —

" St. Stephen was an holy man, ,

Endued with heavenly might," —
preserved by Mr. Sandys at p. 140. of his Christ-

mas Carols Ancient and Modern. The connexion
between the English and friesic languages, which
latter is indeed more like English than Anglo-
Saxon, gives an additional interest to the frag-
ment, which is preserved by Mone in his Ubersicht
der Niederlandischen Volhs- Liter atur : —

" Dj' hollige sinte StefFen, dy mylde godes druyt,
Jerusalem to de porte so geeng men steten uuyt,
Men worp hern mey en flentsteea
Het tlaesk al van de been ;
Dirom compt sint StefFen's dag
Christmoorn nu also ney."

Of Childermas, or Innocents' Day, we are
told over and over again that it was " a custom to
whip up the children upon Innocents' Day morn-
ing, that the memorie of Herod's murder of the
Innocents might stick the closer, and in a moderate
proportion to act over the crueltie again in
kinde." Now a master of his craft might tell
much more than this. Our lively neighbours the
French extended this practice beyond children ;
and so common was it, that they even coined a
word to designate it — Innocenter. Clement Ma-
rot does not hesitate to tell his mistress —

" Si je savais ou couche
Votre personne au jour des Innocens
De bon matin j'irais h, votre couche, &c."

Early rising did not rescue the poorer classes
of females from this indecent practice, which a
princess of France has not hesitated to record,
and Les Escraignes Dijonnoises record the subtle
scheme of a poor maiden of that city to protect
herself from this degrading treatment. We trust
we may be pardoned for these allusions, which can
only perhaps be justified by the feelings of thank-
fulness that we live in better times which a know-
ledge of their former existence ought to awaken
in us.

But what a theme does this day present tp the
antiquary who has leisure to work it out in the
history of the Feast of Innocents^ respecting which
Leber has told us so much in his Monnaies des
Fous, and of which we have traces in this country
in our own Boy Bishops, of one of whom there is a
monument at Salisbury, and of another at Bindon
in Dorsetshire.

More I would have said, but that while I am
yet writing there comes across the Atlantic the
wail of a great nation for the loss of one of her
noblest sons, — Washington Irving is no more.
He who with all the humour, refinement, and
delicacy of Goldsmith, told so well the Story of
Christmas in England, has died full of years, and
full of honour.

Gentle Reader, in the midst of thy mirth this
coming Christmas, let not the memory of Geoffrey
Crayon be forgotten ! Ambrose Mebxon.

488

NOTES AND QUlERlES.

t2»* 8. VIII. Dec. 17. '69.

CHRISTMAS CUSTOMS AND rOLK-LOBE.

Old and Neio Style. — Last Christmas I met
with the following scrap of Shropshire folk-lore.
It was to determine the question between the Old
and New Style ; though the prescription would be
both a dangerous and a costly one to carry out.
It ran thus : If you throw a shovelful of hot
coals on the table-cloth they will not burn it, if it
is really Old Christmas Day. Ctjthbert Bede.

A Herefordshire Christmas Custom. — A Here-
fordshire farmer's wife told me that the first thing
on the morning of Christmas Day a good feed of
hay (instead of straw, &c.) was given to every
beast, and that on that day all the house-servants
were given white bread instead of brown.

Cdthbebt Bede.

The Thirteen Fires on the Vigil of Twelfth Day.
— The same farmer's wife told me that where
she had lived in Herefordshire, twenty years ago,
they were wont on Twelfth Night Eve to light
in a wheat field twelve small fires, and one large
one. The custom was observed in all its particu-
lars, as mentioned by Brand. But Brand (as
quoted in Hone's Every Day Book, i. 43.) does
not give the reason for kindling the thirteen fires.
My Herefi)rdsbire informant told me that they
were designed to represent the blessed Saviour
and his twelve Apostles. The fire, representing
Judas Iscariot, after being allowed to burn for a
brief time, was kicked about, and put out.

CuTHBERT Bede.

The OxerHs Twelfth Cake. — The same person
also told me that the ceremony of placing the
twelfth-cake on the horn of the ox was observed
in all those particulars, which, as they are also
mentioned by Brand, I need not here repeat. It
was twenty years since she had left the farm, and
had last observed the custom, and she had forgot-
ten all the words of the toast used on that occasion ;
she could only remember one verse out of three
or four : —

"Fill your cups, my merry men all!
For here's the best ox in all the stall ;
Oh ! he is the best ox, of that there's no mistake,
And so let us crown him with the Twelfth-cake."

CuTHBERT Bede.
Michaelmas Goose. — During the last month I
have been amusing myself in transcribing some
scores of grants from lords of manors to their
free tenants in the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth,
and sixteenth centuries. In the series which I
have had before me, the lord almost uniformly
covenants, among other reserved rents and services,
• for a goose at Michaelmas. To this manorial cus-
tom, therefore, we must look for the origin of the
" Michaelmas Goose," rather than to nursery tales
about Queen Bess, who, like the parish clerk (god-
father to all who can find no other), has had to
stand sponsor for all the mythical stories and
facetiae to which no parentage can be assigned.

A stubble goose is in prime order at Michaelmas,
as the manorial lords, jolly fellows in their day,
well knew ; so they kept their table well supplied
at that season, by reserving one from each of their
tenants.

My sei'vice to you, my jovial friend, " N. & Q."
I hope that you will agree with me that I have
found the true solution of this vexata questio, and
will eat your next Michaelmas goose with me, and
wash it down with a magnum of " liquid ruby "
— supernaculum — the blood of purple berries
mellowed by Lusitanian suns somewhere about the
year 1815. V. R.

Minced Pies. — The learned Dr. Parr was asked
•by a lady on what day in December it was proper
to begin eating mince pie. " Begin on O Sapien-
tia," replied the doctor (Dec. 16). " But please
to say Christmas pie, not mince pie. Mince pie
is puritanical." The following extract from The
Patrician of Dec. 27, 1845, will serve to confirm
the doctoi-'s statement : —

" liven the poor minced pies ar.d the plum-porridge
came under the interdict of the Puritans at this season of
the year, though they allowed that they might be law-
fully and piously eaten in any month except December.
Needham, in his History of the Rebellion, says: —

"All plums the prophet's sons deny,
And spice broths are too hot ;
Treason's in a December pye,
And death within the pot.

" Christmas, farewell ! thj' days, 1 fear,
And merry days are done ;
So they may keep feast all the year,
Our Saviour shall have none."

Thomas Boys.

Hour-glass in Churches. — The following cutting
from a Scotch paper is worthy of preservation in
" N. & Q." In preaching on the shortness of
life, the old preachers had before them a very
apt illustration of their subject ; and it strikes
me I have read repeatedly in the sermons of the
older divines pointed allusions to the fleeting
" sands of time," though I cannot charge my me-
mory with them at present. Perhaps some of
your correspondents would favour me, through
your pages, with a few illustrative extracts of the
kind indicated : —

" A Sand-Glass used in Church, — A sand-glass for
marking time having been seen in the Established Church
of a parish near Perth, a gentleman residing near Dundee
sent to the clergyman requesting particulars about it, and
received in reply the following account of its purpose and
uses : — ' Our sand-glass is a relic of antiquity. There
used to be one in every church in the olden time. Their
use was to regulate the length of the long-winded ora-
tions with which the ministers of those days were wont
to favour their hearers. Watches were not so common
then as now ; and, as the sermons were not written, the
preachers, when once set a-going, did not know when to
stop without some reasonable monition. With a view to
this, a sand-glass ^vas erected on a stand in front of the
precentor's desk, so as to be seen both by minister and
people. When the sand ran out, the precentor, whose
duty it was to attend to it, held it up in front of the

:2=»* S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

489

minister, to let him know how the time was passing.
But this did not always suffice to put a stop to their elo-
quence. There is a story told of an earnest preacher,
who, on getting the customary signal, thus parenthetic-
ally addressed his hearers — " My brethren, the precentor
reminds me that the time is up; but I have still some-
what to add, so if you please, we shall have one glass
more, and then — " I found our glass among some lumber,
along with the tent which was used at the tent preach-
ings, or " Holy Fairs," and got it restored to its ancient
position as a curiosity. The stand is rather tastefully
made of thin iron plates, and I thought it a pity it
should be allowed to fall aside.' " — Scotsman, Nov. 7th,
1869.

J. A. P.

Local Superstitions : Cornwall. — A lady who
was staying lately near Penzance, attended a
funeral, and noticed that whilst the clergyman
was reading the burial service, a. woman forced
her way through the pall-bearers to the edge of
the grave. When he came to the passage, " Earth
to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust," she dropped,
a white cloth upon the coiEn, closed her eyes, and
apparently said a prayer. On making inquiries
as to the cause of this proceeding, this lady found
that a superstition exists among the peasants in
that part, that If a person with a sore be taken
secretly to a corpse, the dead hand passed over
the sore place, and the bandage afterwards drop-
ped upon the coffin during the reading of the
burial service, a perfect cure will be the result.
This woman had a child who had a bad leg, and
she had followed this superstition, with a firm
belief in its efficacy. The peasants also to the
present day wear charms, believing they will pro-
tect them from sickness and other evils.

The wife of the clergyman of the parish was
very charitable in attending the sick, and dispen-
sing medicines, and one day a woman brought her
child having sore eyes, to have them charmed,
having more faith in that remedy than in medi-
cines. She was greatly surprised to find that
medicines only were given to her. E. R.

MEALS OF MEBSE FABM SERVANTS.

In the county of Berwick, and I believe in
other counties of Scotland, it was the universal
practice some fifty or sixty years ago, and is con-
tinued much the same at the present day, for
farm-hinds or labourers to have six meals during
the day. 1. Before commencing labour in the
early morning they had their IDupiece or Dexo-
piece *, which consisted of a piece of bread and
butter, or bread and cheese, or most usually of
bread and milk. The Dewpiece is now gene-
rally discontinued. 2, B?-eakfast, which invaria-
bly consists of oatmeal porridge with milk, or, in

* Dupiece is evidently from Dew, or perhaps Daw, the
dawn, corresponding, says Jamieson, to *' 0. Teut. Dagh-
woes, jentaculum."

defect of the latter article, a piece of butter or
treacle, or treacle-drink, — a weak sort of beer made
with treacle dissolved in hot water, and fermented
with barm or r/east. This meal is usually taken
i about seven o'clock. 3. On returning from their
! yoking about ten o'clock, during the spring and
summer months, they have their Nockit*, which
consists generally of bread and butter or bread
and cheese. 4. Dinner, taken usually about twelve
o'clock. This meal is generally made up of pork-
broth, and sometimes of mutton — a rich stew of
pickled-pork, cabbage, greens, barley, minced car-
rot, turnips, peas, &c. The second course of pork ad
libitum, with potatoes, bread, &c. This is what our
labourers call " a kail and flesh dinner," and such
a dinner bulks large in their imagination ; and
where this is the staple commodity, it is called " a
good meat house." In some houses, where mistresses
are inclined to be niggardly, salted herrings and
potatoes alone are frequently given as a substi-
tute; but such a repast the ploughmen hold in
contempt and detestation. 5. The Fourhours.
This is only given at certain times and occasions,
as in haytime or harvest: a piece of bread and
cheese usually constituted this repast. In winter,
when the ploughmen come in about five o'clock,
they usually have a meal of bread and milk, or
bread and butter, or cheese ; and, 6. The day is
concluded by supper about eight o'clock, after the
ploughmen return from cleaning and suppering
their horses. The supper generally consists of
herrings and potatoes, or of the broth left from
dinner heated up, and taken with as much of the
" staff of life " as they could eat.

It will thus appear that our agricultural la-
bourers are most abundantly supplied with " the
good things of this life." The above remarks,
however, apply chiefly to such unmarried plough- "
men as are boarded in the farmer's house : the
hinds or married ploughmen, who live in the cot-
tages attached to all large farms, are perhaps
scarcely so well " meated " as their single com-
peers ; but from frequent observation I think
their meals seem to be as frequent and as substan-
tial. Menyanthes.
Chirnside.

motet : TENOR.

It has long been a disputed point as to what is
the proper etymology of the word motet. I think
I can now settle it. The usual derivation is from
motus, movement, but from a MS. which has lately
come into my hands it would appear that long
before the regular motet caiiie into fashion there
was a species of church music in Biscant which
was called mutetus. Each mutetus has its accom-

* Nockit, a slight repast or luncheon taken between
breakfast and dinner. Perhaps, as Sibbald suggests, it is
from nooncate or cake.

490

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Dkc. 17. '69-.

panying "tenor," usually with different words ; the
tenor being sometimes much shorter and probably
repeated, to which the mutetus formed a counter-
point. This is to some extent conjecture, for I
have not yet been able to see exactly how the
two parts were sung. This much is at any rate
tolerably clear, that in this description of music
we have the origin of the word motet and also of
tenor ; the former being derived from muto,
perhaps from the change in the words. To give
an idea of this change of words I will quote two

passages.
Mutetus : —

." Jam Jam nube dissolvitur,
Jam Jam patet galaxia ;
Jam flos de spina rampitur;
Jam Jam oritur Maria ;
Jam verum lumen cernitur;
Jam Jam demonstratur via ;
Jam pro nobis pia
Exoret Maria
Ut summa fruamur gloria."
Tenor : —

" Jam Jam novum sidus oritur j
Jam Jam patet galaxia ;
Jam ex Juda nascitur ;
Jam Jam oritur INIaria ;
Jam nobis ccelum panditur ;
Jam det nobis gaudia ;
In Coeli curia
Xps cujus filia,
Et Mater est Maria."

The second which I shall quote has not only
different, but in the mutetus actually profane,
words, viz. a hymn of Jews in praise of money,
while the tenor is chanting Kyrie Eleison.
Mutetus : —

" Dum crumena plena tumet aare,
Ilonoratur qui despectus ante fuit, quando visus est

habere :
Nummum discas semper possidere,
Nummus in exilio
Ut filio
Pater novit fidem praebere.
Sic ubique pervalet habere

Nummos in exilio."
Tenor : —

« Kyrie Eleison."
Then comes another mutetus which seems to
be a sequel to the former, a reproof to the rascally
Jews who have been singing before.
Mutetus : —

" 0 Natio Nephandi generis.
Cur gratia^ donis abuteris ?
Multiplici reatu laberis.
Quod literam legis amplecteris
Et litteraB meduUam deseris.

" Gens perfida coecata deperis,
Si Moysen consideraveris,
Nee faciem videre poteris
Si mystice non intellexeris,
In facie cornuta falleris.
Considera misera quare dampnaberis,
Quod litterara perperam interpretaveris.
Convertere propere nam si converteris
Per gratiam veniam culpae mereberis."

Tenor : —

" 0 Natio Nephandi generis."

These will give some idea of the nature of this
kind of church composition. The whole book is
somewhat interesting, consisting principally of se-
quences, tropes, verses, and hymns in two parts,
i. e. cum biscantu. J. C. J.

P.S. I see, in Kiesewether's History of Music, a
portion of an early Mass in Harmony (No. 2.), in
which the second part is called motetus. It would
be interesting to know the date of the manuscript
from which this was copied.

" MODEEN SLA.NG, CANT, AND VULGAR WORDS.

As the compiler of the Dictionary with the above
title solicits (at the end of the preface) any addi-
tions or corrections, I shall be complying with his
request in making the following Note. I would
premise that, with the exception of the Saturday
Review, I have not seen any of the newspaper
critiques on this publication; and I may, very
probably, have been anticipated in some of my
remarks.

The paper just mentioned has already noticed
the erroneous derivations of '^^ Bobby" and " Joey,'*
though, with regard to the former, the compiler
bad given the word " Peeler, a policeman," which
should have led him to its proper derivation. For
" Brick," a better derivation has been given in
these pages. Many theatrical terms are given by
the compiler, though he has omitted some that are
in common acceptation ; e. g. goose, goosing, for a
hiss, and hissing — and, get-up, and to get-up, as of
the decorations of a play.

" There's so much getting up to please the town,
It takes a precious deal of coming down,"

says the manager of the Haymarket Theatre in
Planche's burlesque of Mr. Buckslone's Ascent
of Mount Parnassus. The phrase is also made
use of out of the theatre : " he was got up very
extensively," said of a man who is " dressed within
an inch of his life," or " dressed to death." Modern
burlesque and farces would have supplied the com-
piler of the Dictionary with many additional in-
stances of modern slang, as well as with amusing
illustrations of the use of many words. Thus,
"Pipe" means something more than '■'■to be-
wail :" —

" He first began to eye his pipe,
And then to pipe his eye j" —

for, is there not "putting a man's pipe out"?

"By forcing her with tears her love to wipe out,
And putting thus her faithful shepherd's pipe out."
Planche's Once upon a Time.

" Chalks," to walk one's chalks, might, I should
imagine, be explained by a person who has run up

SoJ S. VIII. Deo. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

491

a score, or " chalk," at a public-house or shop,
walking off without paying for it.

" And if you want fresh liquor, you must pay.
For chalks too often walk themselves away."

Albert Smith's Alhavthra.

This same burlesque also thus puns on the phrase
" saving one's bacon ;" —

"Be calm, or I'm mistaken,
This rasher mood will never save our bacon."

Here are some other illustrations of modern slang
phrases : —

" A poor widow and her orphan chicks.
Left without fixtures, in an awful Jix."

Planchfe's Good Woman in the Wood.
" I don't like quarrels washed out with palm-soap."
F. Talfourd's Shylock.
Grat. " I see then, by your pruning knife, of course,

Though you hate pig, you're partial to prune sauce.
Shy. " A source you'll find for cooking your friend's goose."

Ibid.
" Oh ! flattering foresight ! see
Her bundle made to bundle off with me."

Planchfe's King Charming.

&c. &c., for such examples might be extended ad
mfiidtum. But I would especially mention Poole's
Hamlet Travestie, with its clever annotations after
the manner of Johnson, Steevens, and the Shak-
sperian commentators, wherein many specimens of
modern slang are elucidated in the most amusing
manner: e.g. rig, paws off, gab, diddled, up to
snuff, all gammon, mill him, bread-basket, dish'd,
dash my wig, all dickey, my eye and tommy. I
transcribe the annotation on this last phrase, for
the amusement of those who have not the original
to refer to.

" 3fy Eye and Tommy.

" This is rather an obscure phrase. I suspect the author
wrote 7ny own to me, and that the passage originally stood
thus: — ^

But I have that without you can't take from me.
As my black clothes are all nij' own to me.
The whole passage, which before was unintelligible, is by
this slight alteration rendered perfectly clear, and may be
thus explained; — you may disapprove of my outward
appearance, but you cannot compel me to alter it ; foryou
have no control over that which I wear without, as my
black clothes are all my own to me — i.e. my personal pro-
perty— not borrowed from the royal wardrobe, but made
expressly for me, and at my own expense.

" Warburton.

" Here is an elaborate display of ingenuity without ac-
curacy. He that will wantonly sacrifice the sense of his
author to a supererogatory refinement, may gain the ad-
miration of the unlearned, and excite the wonder of the
ignorant ; but of obtaining the praise of the illuminated,
and the approbation of the erudite, let him despair.

"iUy eye and Tommy (i.e. fudge) is the true reading,
and the passage, as it stands, is correct. Johnson.

"In the liyghte Tragycall History of Master Thomas
Thumbe, bl. let., no date, I find • 'Tis all my eye and Betty
Martin,' used in the same sense. If the substitution of
' Tommy ' for ' Betty Martin ' be allowed. Dr. Johq^on's
explanation is just. Steevens."

Hood's humorous Poems would also afford several
examples for Mr. Hotten's Dictionary. Also Mat-

thews' At Homes, and the younger Colman's works
would supply some omitted words ; e.g. casting
sheeps-eyes at a person : —

" But he, the beast ! was casting sheep-eyes at her.
Out of his bullock head."

Broad Grins, p. 57.
See also (in Broad Grins) " Crow-thumping," p.
55. ;" Odrabbit," 79. ;" Mulligrubs," 85. ;" Dollies,"
109.; "Jemmy," 116. for illustrations of slang
words.

Of the modern sense of the word Bore, the
Prince Consort made an amusing and efi'ective use
in his masterly address to the British Association,
at Aberdeen, Sept. 14. 1859. He said (as re-
ported by The Times) : —

" I will not weary you by further examples, with which
most of 3'ou are better acquainted than I am myself, but
merely express my satisfaction that there should exist
bodies of men who will bring the well-considered and
understood wants of science before the public and the
Government, who will even hand round the begging-box
and expose themselves to refusals and rebuffs to which all
beggars are liable, with the certainty, besides, of being
considered great bores. Please to recollect that this species
of bore is a most useful animal, well adapted for the ends
for which nature intended him. He alone, by constantly
returning to the charge, and repeating the same truths
and the same requests, succeeds in awakening attention
to the cause which he advocates, and obtains that hearing
which is granted him at last for self-protection, as the
minor evil compared to his importunity, but which is re-
quisite to make his cause understood."

The Gradus ad Cantairigiam (which the com-
piler of the Dictionary does not appear to have
made use of) suggests the derivation of bore,
as probably from Bopoy, onus, molestia — whence
burden. * *

" . . . It has been proved bj' quotation from Shak-
speare, that the word tore, in the above sense, is not pecu-
liar to the moderns. In the historical play of Henry the
Eighth, the Duke of Buckingham says to Norfolk, al-
luding to Cardinal Wolsey,

" ' I read in his looks
Matters against me, and his ej-e revil'd
Me, as his object : at this instant,
He bores me with some trick."

This Shakspearian use of the word is worthy of
notice. ( Vide Henry VIII., Act I. Sc. 1 .)

Bags in the Slang dictionary appears to apply
to money : but the modern use might have been
given, i. e. a pair of trousers, — used in conjunc-
tion with other words of modern slang, viz. a
pair of loud bags (of a vulgar flaunting colour or
pattern), quiet lags (gentlemanly), and go-to-
meeting bags (one's " best " trousers). In addi-
tion to these and similar adjectives, we also now
hear of a fcetid waistcoat, &c., this expression
being the equivalent of loud. Bad should have
been here inserted in the Dictionary ; " he went
to the bad." " Bog-thotter, satirical name for
an Irishman," says the Dictionary. But Camden^
speaking of the " debatable land " on the borders
of England and Scotland, says, " both these dales

492

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59.

breed notable bog- trotters." Cad should include
" a vulgar " as well as " a mean " fellow. Chaun-
TEES should include horse-chaunters, i. e. those
who sell unsound horses for sound ones. Chkek
should include cheek by jowl :

" To say the truth, a modern versifier
Clap'd cheek by jov.-l
With Pope, with Dry'den, and with Prior."

(G. Colman the Younger.)

Cock should include the " cock of a school," " to
cock over a person," " to cock his back,"
" Enough to cock the Lickey's back,"
says (alluding to the neighbouring hill) the author
(John Crane *) of a very curious book of Poems
printed at Bromsgrove early in the present cen-
tury, wherein the writer rhymes in Hudibrastic
verse with considerable ease and ability, and in-
dulges in colloquialisms and slang, from which
many specimens might be selected for the Dic-
tionary, The term " a Gent " occurs in this
book ; and in the poem " Jest for Jest " are these
lines : —

" Gosh dockett ! this is never it ;

Odds bobs and sides ; this little bit? "
" All loyal men will ' knab the rust.' "
" Unfiunish'd in the upper loft."
" All our strutting bucks
Join hands, like ' heek, heek, all my bucks."
." Swell'd till his M'aistcoat lost a button,
Like Bromsgrove men at 'sugar'd mutton.' "

To return to Mr. Hotten's Dictionary. Collar
should include coUor'd-upy i. e., when a person is
kept close to his business (see "Out of Collar").
Don should include the College Don ; for whom
the extinct word scull is made to do duty. Fat
should include the sense in which a person is said
to Cut up fat, i, e. to leave a large fortune at his
death, I believe also that it is a theatrical term :
a "part" with plenty of fat in it being one that
aflfords the actor an opportunity for efiective dis-
play. _ Hand is also used as thus — a cool hand,
explained by Sir Thomas Overbury to be " one
who accounts bashfulness the wickedest thing in
the world, and therefore studies impudence."
Half should include half-haked and half - cracked,
as well as half-foolish. Ivories is a name also
for dice as well as teeth. Dice, too, are called
hones, and also St. Hugh's bones. (Query, why ?)
Muck should include mucher, " he went a fearful
mucker, &c." When a person makes a bad dash
at anything, and fails, — whether he is thrown from
his _ horse when taking a leap, or makes "con-
fusion worse confounded " of his college examina-
tions. Peck should be followed by pecker, pluck,
or courage, — " keep up your pecker ; " " never
say die ! " Pin should include such meanings as
are attached to the phrases, " don't care a pin,"

_ * Not mentioned in Chambers' Biographical Illustra-
tions of Worcestershire.

" not worth a pin." Ploughed has also the same
University meaning as plucked; also called gulphed.
Pot should include the meaning contained in the
phrase " make the pot boil." "Alas : in classical
times, the corpse was reduced to ashes, which
were placed in an urn or pot, so that when a
man died, it could be said of him ' he is gone to
pot ! ' " Shot should include " pay your shot^''
and " (o make a shot," when a man gives a guess.
" A bad shot " is one of the worst exposures of
his ignorance that an University man, when up
for examination, can make. Shy should include
the sense used in " fighting shy of any person."
Snip might alto be followed by Snyder. Sport,
The Gradus ad Cantabrigiam (or Gradus ad Cant,
as it might very properly be termed) says, this is
" a word sacred to men of fashion. Whatever
they do is nothing but sporting. ' One man sports
a paradoxiciil walking-stick.' {Grose's Olio.}
Another spoiis his beaver at noon-day — spo7'ts
his dog and his gun — sports his shooting-jacket."
" With regard to the knowing word Sport, they
(the Cantabrigians) sported knowing, and they
sported ignorant — they sported an Egrotat, and
they sported a new coat — they sported an Exeat :
they sported a Dormiat, &c." — (Gent. Mag. Dec.
1794.)

It would fill a not very small volume (though
not a particularly interesting one) to give the
examples of University slang, both ancient and
modern, but 1 will content myself by a reference
to the various uses to which the word Crd is put.
(Vide Gradus ad Cant., and Gent. Mag. Dec.
1794.)

Tick, in the sense of on ticket, or on trust, —
says the compiler of Mr. Hotten's Dictionary, —
was "in use 1668." The Grad. ad Cant, assigns
an earlier date : " No matter upon landing whether
you have money or no — you may swim in twentie
of their boats over the river upon ticket,"
(Decker's GuV s Hornbook, 1609.) Tied-tjp should
include the meaning of " married"; some jocose
connection, perhaps, with the halter (altar).
Twig should include " hop the twig," which may
be elegantly translated by " cut your stick."
Wide-awake : the explanation might be added,
that it was so called from never having a nap.
WooDEN-SFooN should include the archery term,
which also suggests the addition of Petticoat. (In
this page of the Dictiona?-y, p. 117., there is an
error of the press, — " pens" for " Fens ; " and
liestieus, p. 84., should be rusticus.)

The English Spy would afford a rich mine for
the working of a Slang Dictionary. Here is a
specimen nugget: —

"Most noble cracks, and worthy cousin trumps, — per-
mit jne to introduce a brother of the togati, fresh as a new-
blown rose, and innocent as the lilies of St. Clements.
Be unto him ever ready to promote his wishes, whether
for spree or sport, in term and out of term, — against the
Inquisition and their bull-dogs — the town-raff and the

8»* S. VIII. Dkc. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

493

bargees— well blunted or stiver cramped — against dun or
don — nob or big wig— so may you never want a bumper
of hisliop." (p. 255.)

An article entitled " Gents," in the Saturday
Review for Sept. 24, 1859, also directs attention to
another likely mine ; and Silk and Scaidet would*
appear to b» one of the new books of the season
from which a gleaning might be made. But my
note has already too greatly trespassed upon your
apace, and I therefore hasten on to notice a few
words omitted from Mr. Hotten's Dictionary.

Beetle-squashsj^s, large feet. Buff, the bare
skin.

" When our pair were soused enough, and returned in their

iM/f."— (Mr. Hughes' " Magic Lay of the One-horse

Chay," Blackwood, i824.J

Bustle, money — "draw the bustle." Coper, a
horse-dealer. Crumbs, "to pick up one's crumbs."
Daddies, hands — " tip us your daddies." Fin is
also used in the same sense ; and, further, hands
are termed/lapper-shahers. Brandy and port mixed
in equal quantities is (in slang) called Jlesh and.
blood. A ginger is a showy, fast horse. Golgotha,
a hat, " the place of a skull." Goggles are spec-
tacles."' HangmarCs wages is an equivalent for
thirteenpence halfpenny (why?). Slash, "a regular
hash;" "he made quite a hash of it." Malting,
drinking beer. Queer, used as a verb ; " to queer
a flat, to puzzle or confound a gull, or silly fellow."
See Don Juan (and also the notes thereupon).
Canto xi. 19., where is another word omitted in
the Dictionary — spellkert, a theatre: —

" Who in a row like Tom could lead the van,
Booze in the ken, or at the spellken hustle?
Who queer a flat ? " &c.
Rails, as " front-rails," i.e. the teeth, also called
" head-rails." Strong, " to come it strong." Wool-
bird, a lamb. The "wing of a wool-bird" is a
shoulder of lamb.

I will conclude with a few guesses and queries.
Is blowen, one whose reputation is blown upon or
damaged ? May not button have taken its meaning
.of " a decoy, sham purchaser," from its connexion
with "Brummagem" {i.e. Bromwich-ham), which
was often used as a synonym for a sham ? Rook,
"a clergyman;" perhaps, not only from the black
dress, but from the cock-robin nursery song —
" I says the Eook

With my little book,

I'll be the Parson."
Whence " Parson Rook" came to be a general ex-
pression. T, " to suit to a t," — perhaps, from the
T square of carpenters. Tile, " a hat" — from its
covering-in the head ? or, from the square college
cap? — also termed "mortar-board" by the pro-

• In this Slang Dictionary-, I find " Giglamps, spec-
tacles. University." If the compiler has taken this epithet
from Verdant Green, I can only say that I consider the
word not to be a " University " word in general, but as
only due to the inventive genius of Mr. Bouncer in parti-
cular. C. Bede.

fane. Whence the derivation of Rip, " a rake, a
libertine?" I remember a person reading the letters
R. I. P. (Requiescat in Pace) on the top of a tomb-
stone, as one word ; and soliloquising, " Rip ! well,
he was an old rip, and no mistake ! "

CuTHBERT Bede.

The Old French Invasion. — I do not know
where I picked up the enclosed ; perhaps it is in
print somewhere. Nevertheless it would not be
amiss to put it in "N. & Q." just now, would it?

J. 0.
« Said to be written by Professor Porson, during the Alarm
of the French Invasion.
" Ego nunquam audivi such terrible news
As at this present tempus my senses confuse.
I'm drawn for a miles ; I must go cum Marte,
And, comminus ense, engage Buonaparte.
" Such tempora nunquam videbant majores,
For then their opponents had different mores.
But we will soon prove to the Corsican Vaunter
Tliough times may be changed, Britons never mutantur.

" Mehercle ! this Consul non potest be quiet,
His word must be lex — and when he says fiat.
Quasi Deus, he thinks we must run at his nod,
But Britons were ne'er good at running, by G

" Per mare, I rather am led to opine
To meet I3ritish naves he would not incline.
Lest he should in mare profuudura be drowned,
Et cum alga, noa laura, his caput be crowned.

" But allow that this boaster in Britain could land,
Multis cum aliis, at his command,
Here are lads who will meet — aye — and properly

work 'em,
And speedily send them, ni fallor, iu Orcum.

" Nunc let us, amici, join manus et cordis,
And use well the vires Dii Boni afford us ;
Then let nations combine, Britain never can fall;
She's — multum in parvo — a match for them all."

Sir Walter Raleigh, presumed Relic of. — In the
house in which Sir Walter Raleigh is said to have
resided at Mitcham, and which has recently been
pulled down, was discovered a well staircase of
wood. The newel of this staircase tradition says
was formed of the mainmast of one of the ships in
which Raleigh sailed for the Western Hemisphere.
The newel (or mast, if it be so,) lies in Dodd's
timber yard at Mitcham, and may easily be ex-
amined by those who are curious on the subject.
I merely give this as a Note. Rotalist.

[A resident at Mitcham informs us that this place was
pulled down between twenty and thirty years since,
when the discovery was made; and, moreover, that at
the foot of this well-staircase was a box of nautical in-
struments, but what became of them is not known.]

Sermons before the Battle of Bothwell Bridge. —
I discovered lately, in looking over an old Bible
of the " breeches " edition, which has long been
in the possession of ray family, two marginal
notes in old and faded handwriting, which I think

494

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»»4 S. VIII. Dec. 17. '69.

may possess interest enough to insure their pre-
servation in the columns of "N. & Q."

Attached to Joshua, chap. xxii. v. 22.*, is the
following : —

" Mr. John Welsh his text 22 Jun. 1679, the morning
befor Bothwell bridg."

The second note is attached to Psalm cxlix., and
is as follows : —

" Mr. John Welsh his lectur 22 Jun, 1G79, att bodwill
bridg, from 4"» verse to ye end."

Both these passages of Scripture are highly ap-
propriate to the then circumstances of the Cove-
nanters, as rebels against their king for the sake
of their religion ; and they are admirably adapted
to infuse that religious fervour and confidence in
the righteousness of their cause, so necessary to
nerve them for the struggle in which they were
about to engage. Doubtless Mr. John Welsh
would draw most comforting assurances of vic-
tory from the fact that, though in rebellion
against the king, they were, as they believed,
fighting the Lord's battles.

Query, was Mr. John Welsh the original of
Habakkuk Mucklewrath in Old Mortality f

W. D.

Ancient Entry. — The following curious entry is
copied from the churchwardens' account book of
Bray. The earliest entry in the book is 1602.

" Money laide out by the Constables, anno 1620.

«. d,

♦• Imprms for mendinge of the locke house") ..

and makinge it cleane - - - j
Ite laide out by the justices prepte for a ) ... ..

whipinge poste - - - - j" *
Ite laide out to discharge a prepte for the^
kinge mat'" hownde of Hij q»ters of oate, f_
viii trusse of haye, xii trusse of strawe, ( ^ "'•'
the SO'" of June - - - - J
Ite layde out to discharge a prepte for the^
princes hownde, the 8"» of Sept*"^, 1620, > viij vj
two q»ters of oate - - - J
Ite laide out vpon the rogues when they"!

weare had before justices in bread and SO xj
drinke - . ... J
Ite for havinge the rogues to the howso of ^ ...;

correction ----- j "U

Ite to William Markam the tjthinge man "l
for goinge w*** the rogues at tliat time >• ij 0
to Readinge . - - - J
Ite for makinge of a whipinge coate and ) (^

hoode i " ^'"J

Ite for an elle of canvas to that coate - 0 vj
The coate ■w«'> was for him that did whipp
the rouges [s/c] is now delivered this
v"> d. of May, 1622, to Thomas Wynch
by Richard Martine."

A.

Epitaph of Lieutenant John Western in Dor-
drecht Cathedral. — The following epitaph is re-

• » The Lord God of Gods, the Lord God of Gods, he
knoweth, and Israel himself shall know, if by rebellion or
transgression against the Lord we have done it, save us
not this day."

corded in Dr. G. D. T. Schotel's Een Keizerlijk,
Stadhouderlijk en KoninUijk Bezoeh in de O. L.
Vrouwe-Kerk te Dordrecht, Met Platen en het
Portret van den Schrijver. (Amsterdam, J. C.
Loman Jr., 1859), p. 75.: —

" To TiiK Lamented Memory
of
JOHN WESTERN, Esq.
Lieutenant of His Britannic Majesty's Frigate Syren,
and
As a Testimony of the gallant services performed by Him,
This Monument is erected,
by order of
His Royal Highness the Duke of York.
Lieutenant Western,
After distinguishing himself by his Conduct and Intrepi-
dity,
With which he assisted
The Garrison of Williamstadt
(in that time besieged bj' the French),
Fell early in the career of Glor}',
Having been unfortunately killed by the Enemy,

off the Moordvck,

On the Twenty-first Day of March, a.d. 1793,

In the Twenty-second year of his Age,

In the service of His Countrj',

and in Defence of Holland.

His Remains

Were deposited near this place,

Attended b}' his Royal Highness the Duke of York,

By the Officers and Seamen of the Royal Navy,

The Companions of his

Meritorious exertions.

And by

The Brigade of His Britannic Majesty's Foot Guards

In Garrison at Dordrecht."

J. H. VAN Lennep.
Zeyst, near Utrecht.

Book-stalls. — The great lawyer, Francis Har-
grave, amassed his extensive and valuable library
merely by " picking up" at book-stalls, seldom or
ever purchasing a volume at what is called a
"regular" bookseller's. Parliament granted 8000Z.
for the purchase of his library for the British
Museum. Charles Butler was also a hunter after
book-stalls, and many a rare book he has secured
for a few shillings, worth as many pounds. This,
was his frequent boast, and his friend, Serjeant
Hayward, caught the mania of him. Some years
since a very early MS. of the Pentateuch, for-
merly belonging to the learned Ludolph, was
picked up at a book-stall for a trifling sum. It
is now in the library of Sion College. I remem-
ber a book-slaughterers, as it was called, at the
Drury Lane end of Wych Street, where the most
valuable books were constantly being cut up for
the buttershops and other waste paper marts.
There are many opera desiderata wanting in the
British Museum. It is to be regretted that its
management does not secure the services of some
indefatigable bookworm, who knows thoroughly
these preserves of literature, so that rare and
curious works might be added at a small cost. It
would be money laid out to advantage.

Abracadabra.

2»i S. VIII, Dkc. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

495

John Parkinson. — I wish to get information re-
lative to tlie family and descendants of John
Parkinson, the celebrated herbalist. The date of
his death is stated in all biographical dictionaries
as unknown, and nothing is said of his family.
He was, I believe, a native of Nottinghamshire,
and there he was accustomed to retire for recrea-
tion in the latter years of his life. H. F. H.

William Fynmore arrived In J^ngland from Ja-
maica, 12 July, 1767. What rank in the law did
he hold? and any other information will oblige

J. R.
Liiera Regice. — In Crockford's Clerical Direc-
tory for 1860, the Bp. of London's degrees are
stated thus, — M.A. 1836, D.C.L. 1842, B.D. (per
literas regias) 1856. What are these literas regice?
I have heard of degrees by royal mandate at Cam-
bridge, and of Lambeth degrees conferred by the
Abp. of Canterbury. But there is no such thing
that I am aware of at Oxford ; and in the Oxford
Calendar the Bp. of London is D.C.L. Has the
Sovereign the power to grant degrees j)er literas
regias^ independently of Universities ? and if so,
how, and by what document is it exercised ?
Perhaps some of your readers can enlighten me
on this point.. D. C. L.

Earl of Norihesk. — Can any of your readers
supply the epitaph of Rear- Admiral the Earl of
Northesk, who died May 28, 1831, which is, I be-
lieve, in the crypt under St. Paul's Cathedral ?
I know of no work in which it can be found : Sir
Henry Ellis's edition of Dugdale's St. Paurs gives
the epitaphs in the crypt to the date of publica-
tion, "1818." Perhaps there may be a more re-
cent edition. F. G. W.

Historical Narrative. — The following is from
2%e Times of Dec. 6, reporting a meeting of the
Christian Doctrine Association, held on the Sun-
day before at the Carmelite church, Dublin.

" The oratory was wound up by Father Fox, who gar-
nished his speech with a telling historical narrative : —

" He might relate to them that on one occasion an im-
portant city was besieged, and about being entered by a
hostile army. In the terror and dismay thus occasioned,
it was recommended by a holy man that the inhabitants
should assemble in prayer, and that a slip of paper should
be furnished to each, inscribed with the pious aspiration,
'0! Mary, Immaculate Mother of our God; 0! Mary,
conceived' without sin, pray for us, who put our trust in
thee.' This was done, and from the entire multitude
arose that fervent prayer to the Mother of God. What
followed.' Lo! in the silence of the night the host of
their enemies retired from before the city, no one could
tell how. (Immense cheering.) There was no fact in
history better vouched for or more fully authenticated
than this. (Cheers.) Therefore he would say to them,
pray earnestly. Let them pray to God, and invoke the
help of the glorious Virgin in behalf of the Vicar of Christ
on earth — in behalf of him whose devotion for Mary had

been so nobly signalised in adding another bright gem to
her crown of glorj'. (Cheers.) Let them pray that his
temporal, as well as his spiritual, po«'er should be secured
to him, that he and his successors maj' prosperously rule
over our Holy Church, and that he and they may meet
hereafter to dwell in an eternity of bliss for ever." (Load
cheers.)

Where and when is this said to have occurred,
and by what historian ? A. A. R.

JEiieas Smith, " ffactor to the Earle of Moray .'»
in 1760. \\'ho was he? Sigma^

Passage in '■'■ Claudian.^^ — In an old album of
newspaper cuttings is one from, I think, a Nor-
thamptonshire paper of 1781, entitled The Kentish
Yeoman, imitated from Claudian. In it are the
following lines : —

" Who though but bred in Norwood's neighbouring town.
Egregious novice, knows no more of town
Than what from thence the distant view presents
Of glittering towers and lofty battlements;
From harvests, not Lord Mayors, the j'ear computes,
And change of season marks by change of fruits."

"Lord Mayor" is no doubt the equivalent of
consul, bat I have not been able to find the pas-
sage imitated in Claudian. Can any reader of
" N. & Q." direct me to it there or elsewhere ?

A. A. R.

Ferdinand Smyth Stuart. — The Duke of Mon-
mouth (natural son of Cha. II.) married, first, the
Duchess of Buccleuch ; and, secondly, Henrietta
Maria Wentworth, Baroness of Nettlested, and
by her had one son, who was deemed illegitimate,
and was consequently disinherited. But one Col.
Smyth, an adherent of his father's, took him to
Paris and had him educated, and subsequently left
him his property, upon which he took the name of
Smyth in addition to his own. In after life he took
part in the Rebellions of 1715 and 1745, and at the
age of seventy-two was attacked on a bridge in the
Highlands by three royalist soldiers in expectation
of reward, when he fell over the parapet and was
drowned, together with two of his assailants. This
Col. Wentworth- Smyth left a son Ferdinand (six
years old) by Eleanor, daughter of Sir Robert
Needham, a great-granddaughter of the Duke of
Monmouth. He, Ferdinand Smyth-Stuart, spent
some time at the University of Edinburgh, where
he studied medicine, but afterwards emigrated to
America, and settled in Maryland, where he acted
in the twofold character of physician and planter.

When the American war broke out he became
a captain in the AV^est Virginian regiment, and
was taken prisoner and kept in irons for eighteen
months in Philadelphia. Afterwards he was cap-
tain in the Loyal American Regiment, and was
afterwards transferred to what is now the 42nd
Highlanders. He had landed property to the ex-
tent of 65,000 acres, which he valued at 244,000^.,
which he lost, for which the British governmentgave
him 300Z. a year as a compensation, which was after

4M

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

[2'»<i S, VIII. Dkc. 17. -oO-

« while withdrawn. He was then reduced to
grisat poverty, and was glad to accept the office of
bdrrack-master. After that he returned to this
country, and settled in Vernon Place, Bloomsbury
Square. He was unfortunately knocked down and-
run over by a cari-iage at the corner of Southamp-
ton Street, and killed, December 20, 1814, leaving
a widow destitute, two sons, and a daughter.

Can you give me any information concerning
those sons or their descendants ? Bkistoliensis.

Captain Thomas Rudd. — Can any of your
readers supply me with the date and places of
death and burial of this officei', or any particulars
of his services and history ? By the Army List
he seems to have been appointed chief engineer
July 4, 1627, which office he retained, very pro-
bably, till the death of Charles I. In 1650 he
published a work called Practical Geometry in
two parts; and in 1651 Euclid's Elements of Oeo-
metry ; in both of which he styles himself " Chief
Engineer to his late Majesty." M. S. R.

Snuffboxes in Memoriam of Rohert Emmett. —
A friend has lately shown me a snuffbox, made of
box-wood, in the fashion of a coffin, with a death's
head and cross-bones inlaid in ivory on the im-
moveable part of the lid. He has informed me,
on the information of others, that the snuffboxes
of which this is one, were conceived and made at
Dublin on the occasion of the execution of Robert
Emmett, and were greedily bought by the friends
of that agitator, and the enemies of the existing
government.

Is this information correct? Can any reader
of " N^. & Q." give me any farther light upon this
subject ? H. C. C.

The Murder of Sir Roger Beler, and the Laws
of Chivalry. — On the 29th of January, 1326, Sir
Roger Beler, of Kirby-Belers in this county, one
of the Barons of the Exchequer, was waylaid and
murdered, when on his way to Leicester, by his
neighbour Sir Eustace deFolville, between whom
a deadly feud existed, or rather on the part of the
latter against the former.

Sir Roger was killed on the spot ; but in the
aflfray Sir Eustace was wounded with an arrow
by one of the Judge's attendants, which caused
his death shortly afterwards.

Alicia, the widow of De Beler, prosecuted the
appeal of murder ; and the king granted a com-
mission of oyer and terminer for the trial of the
offenders ; all the survivors, however, fled the
country, and escaped the penalty of the crime in
which they had participated.

The two deceased knights were interred in the
south aisle of their respective churches of Kirby-
Belers and Ashby-Folville, in which their tombs
may yet be seen ; their effigies, in alabaster,
being almost identical in design. Sir Roger Be-

ler is represented as clad from head to foot in the
rich and picturesque armour of the period, whilst
on his surcoat appears the outline of a lion ram-
pant (argent), his heraldic device. He wears a
jewelled girdle, but neither shield, sword, nor
dagger; whilst above the tomb are suspended
portions of his funeral atchievemeut, consisting of
helmet and crest, and a gauntlet and spur, but no
offensive weapons.

In like manner no weapons are represented on
the tomb of Sir Eustace de Folville, whilst the
fragments of his helmet form the only part of his
funeral. atchievemeut now remaining.

I seek to be informed why both the knights
should be represented as unarmed. I can under-
stand why Sir Eustace de Folville, as a felon and
a convicted murderer, should, by the laws of chi-
valry, be thus degraded by being deprived of his
arms ; but why is his victim similarly represented,
with the exception of the heraldic device on his
surcoat? William Kelli.

Leicester.

" The Load of Mischief" — Can any of your
readers explain a sign once in the city of Norwich,
termed " The Load of Mischief ? "

It represented a man carrying his drunken wife
on his shoulders, who has a bottle in one hand, a
glass in the other, with a monkey on her shoulders
and a magpie on her head. X. Y.

E. Farrer. — Can you give me any biographical
particulars regarding E. Farrer, a gentleman of
Oundle, who published The Trial of Abraham, a
dramatic poem, 1790, 8vo. ? Was the author of
the same family as Nicholas Ferrar (or Farrer),
the friend of George Herbert ? R. Inglis.

Lopez de Vega. — Who is the translator of
Romeo and Jidiet, a comedy written originally in
Spanish by that celebrated dramatic poet, Lopez
de Vega, 8vo., 1770. (London ?) R. Inglis.

Minav ^autrtei taitb ^n^trS.

" Puppy-Pie.'' — What is the origin of the slang
question which is said so especially to infuriate
bargees on the Thames, viz., " Who ate the puppy
pie under Marlow Bridge ? " P. J. W.

[A gentleman residing at Marlow, whose larder was
occasionally robbed bj' the " bargees," had a puppy-pie
prepared, and planted as a trap. The larder was again
assailed, and the pie carried off and eaten with great re-
lish under Marlow Bridge on board a barge. Hence the
galling interrogatorj", " Who ate the puppy-pie under
Marlow Bridge? " At some parts of the river we under-
stand the question is, " Who ate the cat ? " Where Father
Thames flows by Cookham in Berkshire, the inquiry ad-
dressed to the bargees is peculiar : — " Has he got his
shoonon?" (Shoon = shoes.) The facts are these. It
having been remarked that the bargees were " after " a
calf grazing in the churchyard, the calf was withdrawn

2^i S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

497

after dark, and a donkey substituted. Sheltered by shades
of night the bargees came, and walked off with the don-
key, which they slaughtered, and partook of with much
satisfaction. The dire repast concluded, not before, one
of the party took up a foot of the supposed calf, and ex-
claimed, " He has got his shoon on ! " " Who ate the leg
of mutton?" " Who stole the goose ? " are libellous in-
sinuations addressed to the police.. All this is English,
and very English indeed ; but " Who ate the donke)' ? '*
is Spanish. When the French troops were escaping from
Spain after the battle of Vittoria, a party of stragglers
entered a Spanish village, and demanded rations. The
villagers, always hostile to the French, and now em-
boldened by the success of the British arms, slaughtered
a donkey, cut it up, and served it to their hated foes
(who were in a starving state and very glad to get it) as
veal. Next morning the French, pursuing their march to
the frontier, were waylaid by the villagers in a ravine,
and many of them cut oiF; the Spaniards, during the
murderous assault, shouting perpetually, " Who ate the
donkey?"],

A Harrington. — In Ben Jonson's The Devil is
an Ass, Act II. Sc. 1., Meercraft says, —

" Yes, Sir, it's cost to pennj' hal'penny farthing,
0' the back side, there you may see it, read ;
I will not bate a Harrington o' the sum."

What is the meaning of the phrase " I will not
bate a Harrington ? "

Colman, in his notes to the comedy, merely ob-
serves that the author's contemporaries used the
expression as he does, and for example quotes
from Sir Henry Wotton's Letters, " I have lost
four friends and not gotten the value of one
Harripgton;" but confesses his ignorance of the
original of it, Sandgate.

[John Harington, created in 1603 Baron Harington of
Exton in the county of Rutland, obtained a patent on
terms highly discreditable to James I. for the issue of
these pieces, which were forced into circulation bj' the
King's proclamation, May 19,- 1613. Hence the derisive
name of " Harringtons." These tokens encountered the
contempt and scorn of all persons to Avhom they were
tendered, as being of the smallest possible value, and
were the objects of sarcastic allusion by dramatists, poets,
and wits. Drunken Barnaby (Part ill. p. 83. edit. 1820)
mentions this coin, on his arrival at the town of that
name : —

" Thence to Harrington, be it spoken,
For namesake I gave a token
To a beggar that did crave it," &c.

The currency of the tokens issued in the reign of
James I. was by proclamation, May 30, 1625, contirmed
by Charles I. ; and, on the decease of Ann Countess of
Harington, the patent was granted, July 11, 162G, to
Frances Duchess of Richmond, and to Sir Francis Crane,
Knight, who was the King's representative. Vide Beau-
foy's London Tradesmen's Tokens, p. 9. 2nd edit., and
Nares's Glossari/, s. v. ]

The Flower Pot, Bishopsgate Street Within. —
I am curious to learn whether this is an historic
sign, i, e. whether it dates from " the counterfeit
association " to restore James II., for which Bishop
Sprat was taken up, and the Duke of Marl-
borough sent to the Tower, in 1692. The exist-
ence of the plot is treated by the Duchess of

Marll?orough, in her Memoirs, with unequivocal
contempt, " Soon after the Princess' going to
Sion," she says, " a dreadful plot broke out, which
was said to be hid somewhere in a flower-pot, and
my Lord Marlborough was sent to the Tower."
It appears that the signatures to this paper of the
duke, the bishop, and others, were forged by two
men of infamous character, one of whose emissa-
ries found means to conceal the paper in Bishop
Sprat's house at Bromley in Kent, where- It was
found in a flower-pot by the king's messenger,
who thereupon secured the prelate. Now " the
very flower-pot " was, in Horace Walpole's time,
preserved at Matson, near Gloucester, the family
seat of the Selwyns, and the relic I dare say is
there still. But what I am anxious to learn is,
whether " the Flower Pot " sign at Bishopsgate
dates from this event. Bishopsgate is noted for
its old inns, and possibly " the Flower Pot " may
be one of them. John Times.

Sloane Street.

[The Flower Pot was formerly a s^-nibol of the An-
nunciation of the Blessed Virgin, as stated" b^' the editor
of Beaufoy's London Tradesmen's Tokens, pp. 1-11., 153.
2nd edit. He says, "A vase of flowers in the field, vulgo,
the Flower Pot, is derived from the earlier representations
of the Salutation of the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Marj-,
in which either lilies were placed in his hand, or they
were set as an accessory in a vase. As Romanism de-
clined, the angel disappeared; and the lily-pot became a
vase of flowers; subsequently the Virgin was omitted,-
and there remained only the vase of flowers. Since, to
make things m.pre unmistakable, twodebonnair gentlemen,
with hat in hand, have superseded the floral elegancies of
the olden time, and the poetry of the art seems lost."]

David Leivis. — Can you give me any informa-
tion regarding David Lewis, author of Philip of^
Macedon, a tragedy, 8vo. 1727 ? The play is dedi-
cated to Pope, who seems to have thought highly •
of it. There is in 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1726—30,
Miscellaneous Poems by Several Hands, edited by
D. Lewis. R. Ingijs.

[The author of Philip of Macedon, and the editor of
3Iiscellaneous Poems, we take to be the same person, as
both works were published by J. Watts. We cannot dis-
cover any biographical particulars of David Lewis, who
was favoured with the esteem and friendship of Alex,.
Pope. Whincop states that he was living in 1747. Pro-
bably he is the individual memorialised in the following
epitaph on a flat stone at Low Ley ton in Essex : " Sacred
to the memory of David Lewis, Esq., who died the 8th
day of April, 1760, aged seventy-seven years : a great
favourite of the Muses, as his many excellent pieces in
poetry sufficiently testify.

' Inspired verse may on this marble live.
But can no honour to thy ashes give ! '

lie married Mar)', daughter of Xewdigate Owsley, Esq.
a merchant, whose monument is near this place in the
church."]

Anne Cromwell: Mary More. — Can you give
me any account of the two following poetesses
and their works? 1st. Ann Cromwell, author of

498

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"d S. VIII. Dec. 17. '50.

•' Poems," Harleian MS. -2311. ; 2ntl. Mary More,
author of "Poems," Harleian MS. 3918.

R. Inglis.

[Anne Cromwell was tlie daughter of Richard Cromwell,
Esq., son and heir of Henry Cromwell, Esq., of Upwood.
She married her secoiul cousin Henry Cromwell, alias
Williams, Knight of the Royal Oak. Mrs. Anne Williams
seems really to have been attached to the Royal cause
and familj', a merit her husband only affected, as he was
courtier both to his cousin Oliver the Protector and
King Charles II. She survived her husband, and resided
at Ramsej' upon a narrow income, where she was buried,
.Tan. 10, 1687-8. For the contents of her MS. volume in
the British Museum consult the Index to the Harl.
MSS., also Noble's House of Cromwell, i. 73. 250. — Mary
More, according to Walpole, "was a lady who painted for
her amusement, and was grandmother of Mr. Pitfield; in
the family are her and her husband's portraits by herself.
In the Bodleian Library is a picture that she gave to it,
which, by a strange mistalic, is called Sir Thomas More,
though it is evidently a copy of Cromwell Earl of Essex.
Robert Whitehall, a facetious poetaster and Fellow of
Merton College, wrote verses to her in 1C74, on her send-
ing the supposed picture of Sir Thomas More." — Anec-
dotes of Fainting, ii. 622., edit. 1849; consult also Wood's
Athena, by Bliss, iv. 178.3

Bocase Tree. — In Nortbamptonsliire, at one of

the boundaries of Brigstoek Forest, formerly no

doubt included in the great forest of Bockingbam,

there is an old stone standing, 3 ft. 9 inches high,

1 ft. 9 inches wide, called " Bocase Stone." It is

of a kind found in the neighbourhood, called

"Raunds," or " Stanwick stone," full of shells.

One side is very smooth ; and on this, quite at the

upper part, is this inscription in capital letters : —

« JN THIS PLAES

GREW BOCASE

TREE."

.And lower down, just above the ground :

"HERE STOOD
BOCASE
TREE."

The stone is mentioned in the histories of the
county, but without any explanation of the mean-
ing. I cannot hear of any local tradition, nor do
I know of any ancient name of place or person
that might elucidate the matter. Perhaps some
of your readers may be able to say why a tree
was called Bocase ? H. W.

[In the following passage there is an .apparent allu-
sion to the tree in question : — " Upon the Borders of the
Forrest here, next Brigstoek and Sudborough, there is an
Oak called King Stephen's Oak, now an old hollow Tree,
which is famous .... because, according to Tradition,
King Stephen shot a Deer from this Tree." — Magna
Britannia, vol. iii. p. 478. (Nokthamptonsh.) It is
hazardous to attempt explanations and etymologies of
local terms, without a due amount of local information.
But if we may be permitted to suppose the " Bccase Tree"
to have been identical with the tree from Avhich the King
.«hot the stag, we would understand by it "Buck-case
Tree," the tree near which a buck was deprived of its
"case," i. e. skinned or flayed. "Case, to skin an animal.
Cases, skins." (Halliwell.) The skinning the slaugh-
tered deer was a standing rule of the chace. " The Harte

and all manner of Deare are fluyne." (^Nohle Art of
Venerie or Hunting, p. 241.) Hence the very particular
directions how, when a "Harte "is killed, "to take off
his skinne." The skin of a wild animal was frequently
called his case, and flaying was called casing. " The
flaying, striping [stripping], and casing of all manner
chaces." " You must beginne at the snowt or nose of the
beast, and so turne his skinne ouer his eares all alongst

the body, vntill you come at the taile This is

called casing." (P. 241.) So Shakspeare, " We'll make
more sport with the fox, ere we case him ;" and again, in
a double sense, " But though my case be a pitiful one, I
hope I shall not heflay'd out of it."

Amongst the old terms corresponding to buck were
bouc, bucca, and bock. On the whole, then, we are dis-
po.sed to regard bocase as equivalent to bock- case, or buck-
case, and as appertaining to the spot where a buck, having
been slain by a royal hand, was according to due form
deprived of his case, or flaj-ed. The buck-case, then,
would be simply the buckskin, or buck's skin.

Be it observed, however, that, according to the strict
rules of mediaeval nomenclature, which with respect to all
matters connected with hunting were very precise, the
proper name of the hart's and deer's case was skinne or
coate. This may explain why we find bocase (or buck-
case) only as a local term, though we have buckeye,
Buckstone, buckstall (a net for^catching deer), &c., all
words of more general use.]

A Soldiers Epitaph. —

" Whilst I was young, in Avars I shed my blood.
Both for my King and for my Country's good ;
In elder years it was mj' care to be.
Soldier to Him who shed his blood for me."

Can you tell me in what church the above noble
epitaph is placed ? I believe it to be one of very
old date. Centcrion.

[This epitaph will be found in Waddesdon church,
Bucks, and reads as follows : " Guy Carleton, the second
son of Thomas Carleton of Carleton in Cumberland, was
born in the year of Christ 1514, and dying the 1" of
June, 1608,

Saluteth the Reader:

Whilest I was yong in warres I shed my blood
Both for my King and for my Countr}''s good :
In elder j-ears my care was chief to be
Soldier to Him who shedd his blood for me.
Now restinge here in hope a whj'le I h-e,
Farewell, good reader, never fear to die."

He was probabb* father of George Carleton, succes-
sively Bishop of Llandaff and Chichester. Vide Lips-
comb's Bucks, i. 509.]

THE UNBITRIED AMBASSADORS.

(2"" S. viii. 377. 443.)

When A. A.'s Query appeared, I decided on
waiting the chance of some communication fur-
nishing an answer to his inquiry, "who they were."
In default of which I had determined to offer my
reasons for considering the story of the ambassa-
dors as altogether a myth. Dr. Rxmbault's Note,
however, has rather shaken my theory, and that
is strengthened by a book which I have raked up,

2''<» S. VIII. Dkc. 17. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

499

called London in Miniature, without any author's
name, but published in 1755 by C. Corbett in
Fleet Street, from which, in the description of
Westminster Abbey, I make the following ex-
tract : —

" In a small chapel adjoining to this is a noble monu-
ment of brass, on the side of which lie the bodies of Don
Pedro Ronquillo, Ambassador from Spain to King Wil-
liam II r., and the Count de Briancon, Minister from the
Duke of Savoy to Queen Anne, who, having never paid
the debts they contracted here, lie in their coffins, un-
buried."

Here is apparently a circumstantial answer to
A. A.'s inquiry ; but'nevertheless I am induced to
make some observations tending to raise a doubt
as to the actual facts stated. I should first observe
that De. Rimbault's authority is from a book dated
in 1724, in which the death of the Spanish am-
bassador is alluded to as a recent event, whereas,
if he died in the reign of William III., it must have
occurred at least twenty- two years previously.
The only way. to account for this is by supposing
the publication of 1724 to be a new edition of a
book originally published many years before.* I
have no knowledge of the book in question, and
cannot therefore judge whether this is probable.

In the further observations which I have to
make, I should premise that the coffins were not,
as A. A. states, in one of the chapels on the south-
east side of the choir, but in the small chapel on
the south-east side of Henry VII.'s chapel, which
contains the large brass tomb of Lewis Duke of
Richmond and Lenox. This tomb so entirely occu-
pies the space of this chapel that there was barely
room for the two coffins in question to lie on the
pavement at the base of two sides of the tomb.
They were both of very large size, and both origi-
nally covered with crimson velvet, but so much
faded, decayed, and soiled, that they bore all the
appearance of having been exhumed after many
years of actual interment.

The chapel in question (as well as the corre-
sponding opposite one, which contains the tomb
of Villiers Duke of Buckingham) is inaccessible
otherwise than by scaling the stone screen by
which it is enclosed, about four feet in height, and
it was only by looking over the screen that the
coffins could be seen, as I have often done on my
visits to the abbey for a period of a quarter of a
century previous to the coffins having been re-
moved, and as I presume interred, or, according
to my notion, re-interred, and which I believe to
have been about the year 1820. On these occa-
sions I sometimes ventured to ask the vergers
(who always repeated without variation the same
story about the ambassadors) what were their

\_* This work was first published anonymously in 1714,
and has been frequently confounded with De Foe's Tour
through Great Britain. Vide Gough's British Topog. i. 39.,
ed. 1780, and " N. & Q." 1«« S. i. 205. — Ed,]

names, what courts they represented, and when
they died ? But I was always put off with a slight
bow and a motion of the hand, as much as to say
" ask no questions, but follow on with the rest of
the company."

Now, with all its failings and peculiarities, I
have always considered Dart's Westmonasterium as
the best authority for all that relates to the abbey
up to the time of its publication, of which it gives
no actual date, but in the title-page it is stated to
be " from a Survey taken in the year 1723 ; " and
the work must have issued from the press within
four years from that time, as it is dedicated to
George II. when still Prince of Wales. It must,
therefore, be nearly cotemporary with the edition
of Macky's Journey through England quoted by
Dr. Rimbaclt. Yet Dart takes no notice what-
ever of the coffins, or of the story of the ambassa-
dors, which, from the minute details he gives of
all that was then visible above ground, and his
general tendency for gossip, I think it scarcely
probable he would have omitted, if they were then
existing. And it is to be observed that at least
ten years had then elapsed since the death of
Queen Anne, in whose reign the most recent of
the two occurrences is stated to have taken place.

Dart gives a minute account of all the inter-
ments which had taken place in the vaults of
Henry VII.'s chapel down to his time, and it is
evident from his accounts that they, were then
very much overcrowded. Now if any one would
take the pains to ascertain how many farther in-
terments took place therein, between the year
1723 and till towards the end of the reign of
George II., which I have not the leisure or means
of doing, but which I have good reason to believe
to have included a great > many, I do not think it
jyould have been possible to make room for them
without displacing some of their preoccupants, and
I think it more than probable that this may have
been the case. Dart mentions several foreigners
who had been thus interred, most probably Dutch
noblemen who had died in England in the reign of
William III., and who may have been thus ex-
truded some forty or fifty years afterwards, hav-
ing no family connexions or representatives in
England to resist such an act of violation, which
may in fact have been intended as only a tem-
porary expedient, but being deposited for the
nonce in a place where they were not likely to be
molested, they were suffered so to remain from
year to year ; and these being known to be the
coffins of foreigners, of whom little else was known,
the story about the unpaid debts might have been
a matter of surmise, which by degrees became an
established fact.

I am aware that my theory is in itself in a great
measure founded on surmise. If the tradition is
really founded on fact, it might, I should think,
be set at rest by any one who has the opportu-

500

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"i S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59,

nity of consulting the archives of the Foreign
Office or the State Paper Office.

In conclusion, I cannot but observe how
strongly is herein verified the proverb, " Out of
sight, out of mind." A. A. (than whom I believe
there is no one better qualified to throw light on
most subjects connected with the abbey) seems to
treat the very existence of these coffins as a mat-
ter of tradition : whereas scarcely forty years
have elapsed since their disappearance, which was
after the coronation of George IV. in 1821. In
setting matters to rights after the abbey had been
fitted up for that occasion, many removals and
alterations took place, some of them judiciously,
amongst which these may be reckoned, but many
of them very far otherwise. This might consti-
tute an interesting subject of inquiry to those
who are disposed to take it up. M. H.

If one of the bodies were that of Don Pedro
Ronquillo, as Dr. Rimbault with great probabi-
lity informs us, it must have been that of the
Spanish ambassador in the time of James II.,
whose house was sacked by the mob in December,
1688, and who was afterwards lodged at St.
James's in almost regal state. That he was very
much in debt we have several authorities cited by
Baron Macaulay, vol. ii. 560. ; but if the body was
arrested for debt, how came it in the church ?
In old times we hear of corpses being arrested in
the way to the church, but surely when once
icithin the consecrated ground they were privi-
leged. Farther on, in his admirable History (vol.
ii. 599.), the Baron tells us that Ronquillo (who
by the way had always in some degree opposed
Father Peters and the ultra party) reported to
his court very favourably on the part of William.
Is it possible he could have so far offended the
Papal See by this as to have incurred the censure
of excommunication ? If so, his own people would
not have buried him, and there might have been
some difficulty on the part of the Church of England.
Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." inform us
farther on this point ; can they give any particu-
lars as to the law of arrest as regarded dead
bodies ; and can they tell us who was the tenant
of the other coffin, if there were two, as my infor-
mant states ? A. A.

As I do not think that the Query on this subject
propounded by A. A. has as yet received any
answer, perhaps the following extract from The
Letters of Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Mann,
concluding series, vol. i. p. 193., may help him: —

" But pray, has the Marshal consigned to you the reve-
r^ues of the duchy ? I tell you, you will be bankrupt ;
you will lie above ground in a velvet coffin, like the
Spanish ambassadors in Westminster Abbey! "

John Pavin Phillips,

Haverfordwest.

EIKON BASILIKE.

(2''« S. vili. 356. 444.)

In " N. & Q.," P' S. yi. 361., I described a very
choice copy of this book in the original morocco
binding, and with the rojal arms on the sides (in-
advertently stated to be those of the Stuarts before,
instead of after the Union), and containing some
very curious MS. chronosticha and verses.

This is, no doubt, as well as B. H. C.'s copy, of
the first edition. The pagination of my copy,
however, is so excessively irregular that I think it
better to give an account of it, with a view of
affording a means of comparison with other copies.

The title is exactly as B. H. C. gives it, except
that the text in the Romans is denoted by an 8 in-
stead of viii. Then follow four pages of Contents, six
of a Relation of the King's Speech to his Children,
one of an Epitaph upon King Charles, signed I. H.
(Qu. Jos. Huit?) Then Marshall's folding plate,
but no Errata, as described in the editor's com-
munication. The pagination goes ou regularly up
to p. 129, save that p. 9 lias no numeral at all ; 79
is put for 76, and 72 and 73 are transposed. In-
stead of 130, 134 follows 129, then 135 for 131,
133 for 132, 12 for 133, 131 and 132 for 134
and 135; then 136 follows, and all is correct up
to p. 150, for which 110 is substituted, and 111
for 151, 114 and 145 are put for 154 and 155,
and so on up to 148, which stands for 158,
Then 19 does duty for 159, 150 for 160, and
so on ten less till we come to 173, for which
137 stands ; then all regular, on the same plan, up
to 208 (except that 200 is misprinted for 203, and
p. 209 has no pagination). Suddenly, for p. 210,
we find 108, and this continues, with the exception
of 14 for 149, till we come to p. 154, after which
follows p. 255, which brings the pagination toler-
ably, but not quite correct. Only one other
misprint occurs, 239 for 293, The Eikon con-
cludes with p. 302, but four unpaged leaves are
bound up with the book, containing " A Perfect
Copie of Prayers used by His Majestic in the Time
of His Sufferings," delivered to Bishop Juxon
immediately before his death, and a " Copie of a
Letter which was sent from the Prince to the
King," dated from the Hague, January 23. 1648.
Although the pagination is thus irregular, the
catchwords show that no leaf is missing or mis-
placed, and I should like to know if copies are to
be found in other libraries with the same pecu-
liarities, and whether these probably denote the
first hastily thrown off impressions. I should add
that what is technically called the " register " of
the volume is particularly bad.

Allow me to ventilate a second time the sug-
gestion that these copies bearing the royal arms,
of which several have occurred, might have been
presented by Charles II. to the old Cavalier ad-
herents of his father. Certainly, the custom of

^-•1 S. VIII. Dec. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

501

impressing arms and heraldic insignia on book
covers was prevalent at the time. I have a 4to.
Prayer-book of 1620, said to have been King
Charles the First's own when Prince of Wales,
bearing on its black and worm-eaten covers the
"Oestreich" feathers, 'and the initials C. P., but
there is here a direct probability of a royal con-
nection. The constant recurrence of the arms on
copies of the Eikon necessitates another supposi-
tion, E. S. Taylor.

PRISONER S ARRAIGNMENT : HOLDING UP THE
HAND.

(2°*S.viii. 414.)

When an oath is taken by a witness in a French
court of justice, the President tells him to hold tip
his hand, and to speak the truth. " Quand on fait
serment devant le Juge, il faut lever la main."
Hence " holding up the hand " is considered
equivalent to " swearing." " En ce sens, on dit,
j'en leverois la main, pour dire, j'en ferais ser-
ment." (Alberti.)

This practice may possibly be, in part, the
origin of the prisoner's holding up his hand,
when pleading guilty or not guilty. But the
custom goes much farther back. In the early
jurisprudence of Germany, the original rule was
that the hand, in swearing, touched some sacred
object, generally relics after the introduction of
Christianity. Swearing in criminal cases (in
peinliches Gericht) was, a. with the mouth (mit
mund), /3. with the hand (mit hand). The right
hand was laid upon the sacred object, whatever
it might be. " Der rechten wurde der heilige
gegenstand angeriihrt." (Grimm, D. R. Altert.
1828, p. 903.) But mark the progressive change.
Instead of the whole hand, in time it became the
practice to touch the sacred object with two
fingers only ; and this, again, passed to simply
lifting them up. Accordingly, Grimm asks the
question, " May we not infer that they were not
always laid upon [the sacred object], but only
held up ? " And he adds, " as, at this day, the
use of relics having passed into desuetude, it is
the practice to sivear." That is, in swearing, the
lifting up of the hand or fingers continued, though
the use of relics was dropped.

There is another mediasval custom which throws
light upon the practice of pleading to an indict-
ment by holding up the hand. A person who
became surety was called manulevator. To be
bound as surety is manulevare. These terms of
mediaeval Latin reappeared, in old Italian, as
mallevadore, mallevare. The explanation is that
parties, in becoming surety, used to lift up the
hand. " Mallevare. Spondere. Quegli cli' en-
travan mallevadori, alzavan la mano in segno di
promessa." (Menage.)

Would we go back to the common origin of

these various practices, we must turn to the pages
of the Old Testament, where we shall find that
lifting up the hand is the oldest form of an oath
recorded in the Bible. {Gen. xiv. 22. Cf. Deut.
xxxii. 40., Ezek. xx. 5, 6, and marg. renderings
of Ex. vi. 8. and Num. xiv. 30.)

It does not, however, exactly follow that, when
a prisoner in a criminal court with uplifted hand
pleads guilty or not guilty, he is put upon his oath.
Were that so, it would be a very wrong thing ;
especiall}' as the plea of not guilty is sometimes
technical. The uplifted hand would seem rather
to be simply a recognition of the fact that he was
there to be tried and to stand the issue ; in short
that, identifying himself as defendant, he was his
own mallevadore, responsible if convicted, and to
be dealt with in due course of law. There is a
great deal more that might be cited upon the
present subject. Thomas Bots.

The practice of a prisoner on arraignment hold-
ing up his right hand arose thus : a prisoner found
guilty of a felony, on pleading his clergy, was
branded on the brawn of the right thumb, and
discharged. Benefit of clergy could not be claimed
more than once ; a prisoner, therefore, on arraign-
ment was made to hold up his right hand, that
the court might judge whether he had been
branded previously. J. C. M.

HENRT SMITH S SERMONa.

(2"* S. viii. 254. 330.)

I am possessed of a copy of Henry Smith's Ser-
mons, of which I subjoin a description.

A volume without title-page, the first part of
which contains 632 pages, and the second a fresh
pagination of 176 pages.

« The Life of Mr. Henry Smith," by Thomas Fuller.
An Address " to the Reader," signed " H. S."
" The Epistle to the Treatise of the Lord's Supper."
The Contents.

Then the Sermons, &c., in the following order : —
" A Preparative to Marriage, pp. 1 — 32.
A Treatise of the Lord's Supper, in Two Sermons, pp.
33—71."

Then comes a title-page : —

" The Examination of Usurj', in Two Sermons, by
Henry Smith. London : Printed by A. Maxwell, for
Edward Brewster, at the Crane in St. Paul's Churchyard,
and John Wright in Little Britain, 1673."

There is an Address to the Reader before the two
Sermons, signed " H. S.," pp. 77—96. Then fol-
lows "The Christian's Sacrifice," with an Address
" to my late auditors, the congregation of Cle-
ment Danes all the good-will which I can wish,"
pp. 97—109.

« The True Trial of the Spirits, pp. 111—124.
The Wedding Garment, pp. 125 — 1S4.

502

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»a S. VIII. Dec. 17. '59.

The Way to Walk in, pp. 13.5—140.

The Pride of Nebuchadnezzar (with a short Address,

stating that former copies had been imperfect), pp.

141—151.
The Fall of King Nebuchadnezzar, pp. 152 — 161,
The Restitution of Nebuchadnezzar, pp. 162 — 172.
A Dissuasion from Pride, and an Exhortation to Hu-
mility, pp. 173— 1§3.
The Young Man's Task, pp. 184—195.
The Trial of the Righteous, pp. 196—209.
The Christian's Practice, pp. 210—216.
. The Pilgrim's Wish, pp. 217—228.
The Godly Man's Request, pp. 229—242.
A Glass for Drunkards, pp. 243—254.
The Art of Hearing, in Two Sermons, with an Address,

pp. 255 — 275.
. The Heavenly Thrift, pp. 276—289.
^, The Magistrates' Scripture, pp. 290—302.

.The Trial of Vanity, pp. 803—316.
"'The Ladder of Peace, pp. 317—330.
The Betraying of Christ, pp. 331—340.
The Petition of Moses to God, pp. 341—348.
The Dialogue between Paul and King Agrippa, pp.

349—364.
The Humility of Paul, pp. 365—374.
A Looking-glass for Christians, pp. 375 — 386.
Food for New-born Babes, pp. 387 — 400.
The Banquet of Job's Children, pp. 401—410.
Satan's Compassing the Earth, pp. 411 — 420.
A Caveat for Christians, pp. 421 — 427.
The Poor Man's Tears, pp. 428—439.
An Alarm from Heaven summoning all Men unto the

Hearing of the Truth, pp. 440—448.
A Memento for Magistrates, pp. 449 — 456.
Jacob's Ladder, or the Way to Heaven, pp. 457 — 473.
The Lawyer's Question, pp. 474 — 482.
The Lawver's Answer to the Lawyer's Question, pp.

483—495.
The Censure of Christ upon the Lawyer's Answer, pp.

496—501.

Three Prayers :

' One for the morning, another for the evening, the
third for a sick man ; whereunto is annexed a
Godly letter to a sick friend, and a comfortable
speech of a preacher upon his death-bed.' "

Then follows a fresh title-page : —

" Eight Sermons by Henry Smith, viz. :

1. The Sinner's Conversion. 2. The Sinner's Con-
fession. 3, 4. Two Sermons on the Song of Simeon.
5. The Calling of Jonah. 6. The Rebellion of
Jonah. 7, 8. Of Jonah's Punishment. Prov. 28.

13 London : Printed in the year 1674.' "

(pp. 511—626.)

Then follow " Godly Prayers for the Morning
and Evening."

Then another title-page, and three Sermons,
with fresh pagination, viz.: 1. "The Benefit of
Contentation." 2. " The Affinity of the Faithful."
3. "The Lost Sheep is Found:" followed by
" Questions gathered out of his own Confession,
by Henry Smith, which are yet unanswered,"
(pp. 1-44.)

Next comes " God's Arrow against Atheists,"
with another title-page (pp. 45 — 122.)

Lastly, with another title-page : —

" Four Sermons preached by Mr. Henry Smith :
1. The Trumpet of the SouL

2. The Sinful Man's Search,

3. Marie's Choice.

4. Noah's Drunkenness."
Two zealous Prayers.

These conclude the volume, which is a small
4to. , Henry P. Smith.

East Sheen, Surrey.

At least three editions of Henry Smith's Ser-
mons, &c., have already been mentioned in your

1. That of 1590, 1591, 1594, if these publica-
tions are to be counted as one edition.

2. The later one of 1675.

3. That of which Mr. Bingham has a copy. I
presume of 1624, 1625, as it agrees with an im-
perfect copy in my possession.

I have also one of 1632, imperfect, but in fair
condition.

These more recent editions are not, I believe,
very rare. Edwd. H. Knowles.

St. Bees.

The best edition of Henry Smith's Sermons Is
that of 1675. It is more complete than the former
editions, and no other has appenred since. It con-
tains a Life of the author by Thomas Fuller. A
complete list of the contents of this volume will
be found in the Cyclopedia Bibliographica, Au-
thors. D.

Son of Pascal Paoli (2"'» S. viii. 399.) — The
suicide to which A. A.'s informant referred was
probably that of the unfortunate Colonel Fred-
erick, son of Theodore King of Corsica, who died
the nth Dec. 1756. The unhappy end of Col.
Frederick is thus described by Dr. Doran, in his
Monarchs retired from Business : —

"Nearly forty years after King Theodore was con-
signed to the grave in St. Anne's, an old man, one night
in February, 1796, walked from a coffee-house at Storey's
Gate to Westminster Abbe3^ Under one of the porches
there he put a pistol to his head, pulled the trigger, and
fell dead. The old man was the son of Theodore, Colonel
Frederick. The latter had been manj' years familiar to
the inhabitants of London, and remarkable for his gen-
tlemanlike bearing and his striking eccentricities. He
had fulfilled many employments, and had witnessed many
strange incidents. Not the least strange, perhaps, was
his once dining at Dolly's, with Count Poniatowski,
when neither the son of the late King of Corsica, nor he
who was the future King of Poland, had enough between
them to discharge their reckoning. Distress drove him to
suicide, and his remains rest by the side of those of his
father."

J. A. Pn.

ThQ unhappy suicide alluded to by A. A. was
not the son of Pascal Paoli ; but Colonel Fre-
derick, the reputed son of Theodore, King of
Corsica, who shot himself in the west porch of

2°'i S. VIII. Deo. 17. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

503

Westminster Abbey, Feb. 1, 1797. See an ac-
count of the event in the Gentleman's Magazine
for 1797, p.- 172. J.B.N.

Portrait of a True Gentleman (2°"* S. viii. 397.)
— This is, with certain variations, a paragraph
from The Gentile Sinner; or, England's Brave
Gentleman, Sfc, by Clem. Ellis, M.A., Fellow of
Qu. Coll. Oxon. Oxford, 1664. (Third edition.)
The correct reading is (p. 178.) —

" The true gentleman is one that is God's servant, the
world's master, and his own man. His virtue is his
business, his study his recreation, contentedness his rest,
and happiness his reward. God is his Father, the church
is his mother, the saints his brethren, all that need him his
friends, and heaven his inheritance. Religion is his mis-
tress, loyalty and justice her ladies of honour, devotion is
hischaplain, chastity his chamberlain, sobriety his brother,
temperance his cook, hospitality his housekeeper, provi-
dence his steward, charity his treasurer, piety his mistress
of the house, and discretion the porter, to let in and out as
is most fit. Thus is his whole family made up of virtues,
and he the true master of his family. He is necessitated
to take the world in his way to heaven, but he walks
through it as fast as he can ; and all his business by the
way is to make himself and others happy. Take him all
in two words, he is a man and a Christian."

J. G. Morten.

Cheam.

Francis Mence (2°* S. viii. 470.) — A pious
Nonconformist, born at Hambleton, near Worces-
ter, educated at Pembroke College, Oxford.
After the Restoration, became minister of a con-
gregation in Wapping, London, Died about 1696,
a3t. fifty-seven. (Darling's Encyclop. Bihlio-
graph.')

A government Minute Book in MS.,*containing
names, residences, and movements of Nonconfor-
mists, written about a.d. 1663-66, being apparently
the information of some spy, has the following
entry : —

" MiNZE, a layman and elder to Sam' Bradley's church,
who broke from him by reason of Strainge, and meets
with Glide at ReadrifFe '[Ratcliffe'] and Horsley Downe."

Perhaps these two individuals may be identical.

Cl. Hopper.

The Electric Telegraph foreshadowed (2°* S. iv.
266. 318. 392. 461.; "v. 356.; cf.vi. 265.359.422.)
— In support of this opinion, a writer in the Na-
vorscher (viii. 156.) cites a Dutch translation of
the DelicicR Physico-MathematiccB, {he fifth edition,
from the French, in 1672. It is called Mathema-
tische Vermaechlycheden,getranslateerd uyt Frangoys
in Nederduytsche Tale, en verryht, vermeerderd
enz., door Wynant van Westen, Matjiem. der
Stadt Nymegen, Arnhem, small 8vo. The extract,
copied by Mr. N. S. Hbineken in " N. & Q."
(iv. 461.), is to be found in the Vermaecklycheden,
vol. i. p. 123.

It is remarkable that, whilst feeling the impos-
sibility of a correspondence by means of uncon-
nected dials, provided with magnets, the inventor

yet cannot forego the pleasure of giving his per-
spective view of the nineteenth-century-magnetic-
telegraph.

The Algemeene Konst-en Letterhode for 1859
(vol. Ixxi. p. 285.), points to an invention by
Johannes Hercules de Sonde, which is found re-
corded in a work of Johannes Fredericus Hel-
vetius, D.M., bearing the title of Theatridium
Hercidis Triumphantis, ofte Klein Schouwtooned
van den Triumpherenden Hercxdes, It contains
the description of a dial-telegraph, constructed
after the principles of electro- statien.

A somewhat similar plan to the sympathetic
needles some years ago went the round of the
newspapers in the form o? sympathetic snails — the
animal, proverbial for slowness, being thus repre-
sented as the means for a correspondence almost
as quick as thought. With whom originated this
hoax ? or was it really believed to be the truth ?

J. H. VAN Lennep.

Zeyst, near Utrecht.

Epigram to a Female Cupbearer (2°"^ S. viii.
292.) — OxoNiENSis will find this fine Epigram
along with some other small poems in a quarto
volume of translations from the Arabic published
by a learned orientalist, Joseph Dacre Carlyle, of
the University of Cambridge. The volume, which
I have not seen for many years, was I think en-
titled Specimens of Arabic Poetry, and published
at Cambridge about 1796.

Oxoniensis may admire the following poem,
imitated from the Arabic by Shelley : —

" My faint spirit was sitting in the light

t)f thy looks, my love ;
It panted for thee like the hind at noon

For the brooks, my love.
Thy barb whose hoofs outspeed the tempest's flight

Bore thee far from me ;
My heart, for my weak feet were weary soon.

Did compassion thee.

" Ah ! fleeter far than fleetest storm or steed,

Or the death they bear.
The heart which tender thought clothes like a dove
. With the wings of care ;
In the battle, in the darkness, in the need.

Shall mine cling to thee.
Nor claim one ^mile for all the comfort, love.

It may bring to thee."

Sir William Jones translates in French several
poems of the Persian Anacreon, Hafiz ; and
D'Herbelot's Oriental Dictionary is an inexhaust-
ible mine of romance and wildness.

KiRKW ALLEN SIS.

These lines I have seen quoted as from Car-
lisle's Specimens of Arabian Poetry. W. H. Husk.

Peel Towers (2°* S. viii. 378.)— The word which
E. A. B. writes Peel should be spelt Peal, and
you have the meaning at once. In some parts of
the Borders, which, in bye-gone days, were liable
to hostile incursions from English or Scottish

'504

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C2«'-i S. VIII. Dec. 17. '6P.

enemies, or from lawless freebooters, high towers
were erected, in which watchmen were stationed
to give notice of an enemy's approach ; and on
these occasions the large bell or bells suspended
in the tower pealed forth their notes of alarm to
the inhabitants of the district, and enabled them
to prepare for their unwelcome visitors. The re-
mains of one of these interesting towers still
stands near my native town, Berwick-on-Tweed,
and the last time I saw it, four or five years ago,
its walls were in a pretty good state of preser-
vation. Its walls are about twenty feet high, but
being built on an eminence outside of the ram-
parts of the town, it commands a good view of the
surrounding country. It is there called the Bell
Tower, but in other of the Border districts the
name may have been changed to Peal.

Henry Melrose.
Guardian Office, Brighton.

The word Peel, variously written Pile, Pille,
Piil, Pele, Peyll, Peill, Paile, is derived from the
Ancient Brit, and Gaul, pill, a stronghold, for-
tress, secure place. There is the Pile of Foudray
in Furness, Peel Castle, Isle of Man ; Pill, in
Devon, &c. R. S. Charnock.

In the Glossary at the end of vol. v. of the
Waverley Novels, published by Robert Cadell,
Edinburgh, 1847, I find : —

" Peel, a place of strength, or fortification, in general.
In particular it signifies a stronghold, the defences of
which are of earth mixed with timber, strengthened with
palisades.

" Peel, Peel-house, in the Border Counties, is a small
square tower, built of stone and lime."

S.L.

Ringing Bells hachcards : the Tocsin (2"'" S.
viii. 18.) — It has always been a puzzle to under-
stand what there could be so terrible about ring-
ing bells the contrary way to that which is usual.
In general they are rung commencing with the
highest note, and going downwards. If your
readers will open a pianoforte, and run down an
octave, c, b, a, g, f, &c., and afterwards do the
same the contrary way, c, d, e, f, &c., they will
find nothing inharmonious nor terrible in it. Per-
haps some light might be thrown on the expres-
sion if some of your readers could inform us as to
the manner in which the tocsin, that dreadful
signal of tumult and slaughter, was rung in
France ? Was it on one or more bells ? A. A.

Poets' Corner.

Jest Books (2'^'^ S. vi. 333.; yii. 95,)— It is a
striking instance of the differences of the opinions
men may form concerning books, that whilst your
correspondent G. N. places Scotch Preslyterian
Eloquence Displayed among Jest Books, the com-
piler of the " Supplement to the Catalogue of
the Library of the Newcastle-on-Tyne Literary
and Philosophical Society," places the work at

the head of "Class 1. Theology!" of a dona-
tion of bonks presented by the family of a
quondam alderman of that borouffh. The entry
is as follows, p. 184.: "Curate's (Jacob)* Scotch
Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed, or the Folly
of their Teaching discover'd, 8vo. 1789 ;" with no
hint that poor Jacob is other than a real person-
age. Y. B. N. J.

Bishop Sprafs Betort (2°'' S. vii. 373.) — Your
correspondents would save your readers infinite
trouble if they would be a little more precise in their
references. Mr. Trench quotes simply "Note to
Burnet's History." I have searched the six vols.,
Oxford edition (1823) of Burnet's History of his
own Time, and the index thereto attached fails to
help me to any such note. From what edition
does Mr. Trench cite it ? I should have been
content to enjoy the story without inquiry, had
not the jpke been so manifestly the same as that
in Goldsmith's Epigram : —

" John Trot was desired by two witty Peers
To tell them the reason why asses had ears.
' An't please you,' quoth John, ' I'm not given to let-
ters,
Nor dare I pretend to know more than my betters ;
Howe'er, from this time, I shall ne'er see your graces.
As I hope to be saved, without thinking on asses ! ' "

H. L. Temple.
Ploughs (2"^ S. viii. 431.) — In Dorsetshire a
waggon itself, or a waggon and team of horses,
are still generally called & plough. Mr. Barnes, in
the Glossary appended to his beautiful " Poems in
the Dorset Dialect" (which, by the way, I rejoice
to see, are beginning to attain some of the reputa-
tion they deserve), says : —

" A waggon is mostly called a plough or plow in the vale
of Blackraore, where the English plough, aratrum, is a
zull, the Anglo-Saxon syl."

And he adds the following illustration : —

" These are in his M*"" name to require you forthwith,
on sight hereof, to press men and plowes." — Colonel Kirk's
order to the parish of Chedzoy in the Monmouth rebel-
lion.

Halliwell gives this explanation : —

" 1. Used for oxen kept to draw the plough, not for
horses ; 2. A wheel-carriage drawn by oxen and horses."

I know not whence he obtained his first mean-
ing ; but it is strongly corroborated by a letter
from an ancestor of my own, dated 1661, and pub-
lished in the Right Hon. G. Bankes's Story of
Corfe Castle, p. 259. : —

"... had not the horse-plague swept away my horses
I would have sent these to you; beside j*' disease have
carried away most plowes hereabouts, by which plowes or
horses were never in my days soe hard to be got as now."

C. W. Bingham.

Witchcraft in Churning, SfC. (2"^ S. viii. 67.) —
The et cetera enables me to notice some supersti-

[ * Pseud, Robert Calder ? — Ed. ]

2»<« S. VIII. Dec. 17, '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

505

tions in Ireland while churning, which I believe
are still cherished in the West and South.

In the county of Galway they will not allow
anything to be given or lent out of the "cabin"
during the process. I remember some harsh
words passing between a friend who went into a
cabin to light his pipe, and one of the women
there. She would neither give him a light, nor
allow him to take it ; and her voluble tongue
poured forth a torrent of eloquence — " hot and
heavy" — on my friend for asking "a light"
while churning. In some places the visitor is ex-
pected " to take a turn at the dash," if of their
own class; but the "quality" merely touches it,
with the expression — " God bless your work."
This last salutation is universal. It sounds very
odd to hear one say, while admiring your new
gig or car, "A fine gig, God bless it."

George Llotd.

" Three Kings of Colon" (2"" S. viii. 431.) —
The anthem of the " Three Kings" was probably
the following, which is printed, with other devo-
tions to the ^' Three Kings," in the Parva caleste
Palmetum, Colonise Agrippinae, 1764 : —

" Sancti ires Reges Caspar, Melchior et Baltliasar,
orate pro nobis peccatoribus nunc et in hora mortis nos-
tra:, Amen.

" V. Tria sunt munera pretiosa.
E. Qusa obtulerunt Magi Domino.
Oremus.

"Deus, qui tres Magos Orientales Sanctosquc Reges
Casparem, Melchiorem et Baltbasaram, ut recens natum
in Bethlehem Filium tuum inviserent ac honaraient,
mirabiliter illustrasti, quiESumus, ut eorum exeraplo et
intercessione adjuti, veraque fide in hujus mundi tenebris
illuminati, te lumen asternum agnoscamus, atque inter
prospera et adversa tuto gradiamur, donee ad te, qui
lucem habitas inaccessibilem, remotis impedimentis om-
nibus expedite perveniamus. Per Christum Dominum,
etc."

F. C. H.

" Travelling of sound experimentally proved" (2"*
S. vii. 380.) — In his account of a visit to the
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Paris, Sir
Francis Head relates what follows : —

« All of a sudden a drum beat, on which, just as if they
heard its roll, they all instantly desisted from their
games, fell into line, and by beat of drum with which
their feet kept perfect time, they marched away following
the drummer-boy, who was also deaf and dunib. ' They
cannot be perfectly deaf,' I said, « if they hear that drum.'

" In reply nij- guide informed me its roll had no effect
on their ears, but created an immediate vibration in their
chests, which, although in describing it he had put his
hand thereon, he termed dans I'estomac." — Faggot of
French Sticks, ii. 130.

E. H. A.

The Excellent Woman (2"'> S. viii. 432.) — My
copy of this book is an octavo, in two parts, pp.
304. and 336. Printed for John Wyat, 1695.
At the end of the second part, two books by
Theophilus Dorrington, are advertised, which is,

to me, a sufficient key to the T. D. On the title-
page of the Excellent Woman. J. O.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon.
George Rose ; containing Original Letters of the Most Dis-
tinguished Statesmen of his Day. Edited by the Rev. L.
Y, Harcourt. 2Vols."8vo. (Bentley.)

This new contribution to the history of this country
during a very eventful period in the reign of George III.,
is extremely valuable in three distinct points of view.
In the first place, it adds greatly to our knowledge of the
personal character and administrative zeal of that emin-
ent and thoroughly English minister, Mr. Pitt, and fully
justifies his policy in the great struggle upon which he
was so long engaged, — a struggle in which it is clear
from these volumes he was most unwillingly compelled to
enter, — for he desired peace, that he might develop the
energies and resources of England, — but which when en-
gaged in, he carried on with all the vigour and energy
which became the son of Chatham. In the next place
these volumes throw new and pleasing light on the cha-
racter of the honest, intelligent, but certainly obstinate
monarch, George III. And lastly, they do justice to one
of the most valuable public servants which this country
has ever known, George Rose himself — the sincere and
devoted friend of Pitt — and as such the constant butt of
all Whig witlings — but who here stands revealed as an
able, clearheaded, straightforward, honest man of busi-
ness, whose steady industry, devoted for years to the
service of the State, won for him, and most deservedly,
not only political importance, but the personal regard of
his sovereign, and indeed of all who knew him. The
friends and family of George Rose may turn with pride
to this record of his political life, this proof of his high
character.

Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. A Biography. By
James Craigie Robertson, M.A., Canon of Canterbury.
(Murraj-.)

Canon Robertson, the learned author of the History of the
Christian Church, has in this small volume reproduced,
with certain changes as to form, and additions, the result
of fresh materials, the subject of two papers which ap-
peared some years since in the English Review. The
result is a biography of the great Churchman, narrated
with great skill and impartialitj', more complete, and
certainly more interesting, than any which has yet been
laid before the English reader. Never was a piece of our
early history more pleasantly and instructively set forth.

Memoirs of Early Italian Painters, and of the Progress
of Painting in Italy from Cimabue to Bassano. By Mrs,
Jameson. A New Edition, revised throughout by the
Author, and with much additional matter. (Murray.)

These last words, pointing out the claims of this new ,
edition to attention, render it almost superfluous on our
part to do more than chronicle the appearance of a book
so well calculated to Turnish that part of the entertain-
ment derived from the contemplation of a work of art
which springs from our knowing to whom to attribute it,
and then to know its history. Mrs. Jameson does this in
a way which leaves her without a rival.

Tragic Dramas from Scottish History : Heselrig, Wal'
lace, James the First of Scotland. (Constable & Co.)

Shakspeare's great example of making the incidents of
his country's history the subject of Historical Dramas, has
been judiciously followed by the author of the present

506

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. Dec. 17. '69.

volume, who exhibits considerable poetic feeling, and a
strong sense of dramatic effect.

The Reliques of Father Prout, late P.P. of Watergrass-
hill in the County of Cork. Collected and arranged by
Oliver Yorke, Esq. (Rev. Francis Mahony), Illustrated by
Alfred Croquis, Esq. (D. Maclise, R. A.) New Edition,
revised and largely augmented. (Bohn's Illustrated Li-
brary.)

This is a Christmas Book for Scholars. Those who would
at this season put on their shelves a volume replete with
quaint humour, ripe scholarship, and an unrivalled readi-
ness of versification, have here one to their hand, illus-
trated with a series of etchings by Maclise which add
greatly to its value and interest.

Stories of Inventors and Discoveries in Science and the
Useful Arts. A Book for Old and Young. ( With Illus'
trations.) By John Timbs, F.S.A. (Kent & Co.)

We have often had occasion to compliment Mr. Timbs
on the happiness with which he chooses a subject, and
the success with which he brings his curious stores of
information to bear upon it. This new book is a fresh
instance of both these qualities, and no better pre.'<ent
could be put into the hands of an intelligent lad than
these Stories of Inventors and Discoveries.

Shakspeare^s Household Words. A Selection from the
Wise Saws of the Immortal Bard. Illuminated by Samuel
Stanesby. (Griffith & Farren.)

A dainty little volume. The gems from Shakspeare
are here enshrined in a casket of rich and fantastic
beauty. The manner in which Mr. Stanesby's illumina-
tions are printed is very creditable to Messrs. Ashbee &
Dangerfield.

Popular Nursery Tales and Rhymes, witfi One hundred
and seventy Illustrations by Weir, Absolon, Corbould,
Wolf, Zwecker, H. K. Browne, &c., engraved by the Brothers
Dalziel. (Routledge.)

It is hard to say which portion of this beautiful book
will be most attractive to the Spelling public for whom
it has been prepared — the good old English Nursery
Tales, or the 170 exquisite illustrations by which they
are embellished. Children of a larger growth may well
relish the beauty of the latter. The work will un-
questionably prove that it has been rightly named.

The Human Face Divine and other Tales. By Mrs. Alfred
Gatty. (Bell & Daldy.)

Instructive and clever, Mrs. Gatty never fails to amuse
and elevate her readers, and this new Christmas Book
will fully sustain her high reputation, ""he first story is
marked by that thorough originality which is so strong
a characteristic of all Mrs. Gatty's writings.

The Children's Pictzire Book of Good arid Great Men.
With Fifty Illustrations. (Bell & Daldy.)

We predict that this tetertaining volume will be a
great favourite during the present season on account both
of the simplicity of its narrative, and the beauty of its
illustrations.

The Children's Picture-Book of Scripture Parables, in
Simple Language for Children. By the Rev. J. Erskine
Clarke. With Illustrations. (Bell & Daldy.)

Mr. Clarke knows how to write for children. The
volume is simple, yet elegant, in style, and will be a wel-
come addition to everj' juvenile library.

The History of Sir Thomas Thumb. By the Author of
the Heir of Redcliffe. Illustrated by J, B. (Constable
& Co.)

This is a reissue in a cheaper form of Miss Yonge's
graceful version of that old favourite of the nursery, the
story of Tom Thumb, to which the fanciful pencil of J. B.
has lent additional grace.

Nightingale Valley. A Collection of Tnany of the choicest
Lyrics and short Poems in the English Language. Edited
by Giraldus, (Bell & Daldy.)

Giraldus tells us he has edited this volume for our de-
light ; and certainly he has succeeded well ; for we can
hardly imagine a more suitable volume either for a pre-
sent, or to make us acquainted with the lyric master-
pieces in our language.

The Literary and Scientific Register and Almanack for
1860, §-c. By J. W. G. Gutch. (Kent & Co.)

For nineteen years has this very useful volume made
its appearance. It contains now so large an amount of
useful information, that it would be hard to say what a
reasonable man could seek for in it, and not find.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PUHCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad«
dresses are given ior that purpose.
Johi»son's Cottaoe Gardener. 4to. Green cloth. Vol. I.

HaRWOOD*S LiCBFIEID. 4tO.

Pitt's Staffordshibb. 8vo.
Davknant on the Colossians, Vol. U.
Shaw's Staffordshibe. Vol. II. Parti.

"Wanted by J. H. W. Cadbij, Birmingham.

A CoURTEOITS CoNPERENCB WITH THE EnOLISH CatBOLICKES RoMJLNB,

Written by John Bishop, a Recusant Papist. London. 15&3,
Wanted by Hev. S. £. Waddelow, Berkley, Staplehurtt.

Old Ballads, by R. H. Evans. Vol.1. London. 1810.

Wanted by Hev. E. S. Taylor, Ormesby St. Margaret, near
Yarmouth.

^otCceS to CorrpiSponlfenW.

We are compiled, notwithstanding that we have enlarged our present
Number to Thirty-six pages, to omit several interesting Papeis, among
others. Notes on Leighton's Works ; Destruction of Records during
French Revolution j I'rangipani, &c., and many of our Notes on Books.

H. A. O.'s Query we hope to answer in our next.

Clammild; Mb. Bolion Coknkx's work on Shakspeare toot neuer
published. . ,

J. O. N. and R. H. 8, Wehave letters for these correspondents. Where
can we address them ? , ,

H. S. G. The seal qf which yoti forwarded us an impression, is modem,
and one of the kind brought to England by almost every traveller who
visits Jerusalem,.

C. (Leoacv.) There are no records kept of Legacies. The only way
of ascertaining whether such a legacy has been left would be by an in-
spection of the will of the supposed testator,

A. F. will And the subject o/ Cockades treated of fully in our 1st Series,
vols. iii. and xi.

Vicar of Bray. G. W. M. willfind this famous old song in Chap-
pell's Popular Music of the Olden Time, vol. ii. p. 653.

May Marriages. H. H. W. m referred to p. 52. of vol. ii. of our 1st
Series/or illustrations if the belief in the ill luck attendant on these, which
is older even than Ovid s time, iiTio said —

" Mense malas Maio nubere vulgus ait."

J. L. p. The church of S'. John the Evangelist, " de insula missa-
rum," appears to be Inchafray Abbey at itaderty. about eight miles from
Perth, said to have beenfaunded, circa 1200, by Gilbert Earl of Strathei-n.
See Spotiswood's Account of the Religious Houses In Scotland. The
whole seal (of which the impression sent by you was but one side) is en-
graved in Laing's Scottish Seals.

Cotorave's Dictionary. In our notice of this work (anti, p. 453.) we
stated tJiat there was an edition infol. 1773-2, which we found entered in
the new Catalogue cf the British museum. The date, however.is 1673-72,
tlie work being in two parts. The first French and English Dictionary
published in this country was by 31. Claudius Desainliens, or as he chose
to call himself in England, liollyband, a teacher of languaues in London.
Hollyband's was the basis of Handle Cotgrave's valuable Dictionary.

R. S. Charnock. Cumbenvorth's will appeared at p. 375. of our present
volume.

"NoTBs AND QoBRiBs" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in .VIonthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped "Copies /or
&tx Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (incluaing the Half-
yearly Index) u 11«. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour 0/ Mbssks. Bkll and Daldy ,186. Flbbt Strbbt, B.C.; to whom
aU CoMMCKioAiioirs roa laa Eoitob thould bt addreued.

2»d s. VIII. Dec. 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

607

LONDON. SATUSDAY, DECEMBER 24. 1859.

No. 208. — CONTENTS.

NOTES :^ Archbishop Leighton's "Works, 507— Lesrend of Jersey i the
Seigneur dc Hambie, 509— Frongipani, by D. Hanbury, lb.

MiKon Notes : — Contents of Old Book Covers — Nicknames on Mem-
bers of Parliament — Beltalue — Square Words — Machine Hexa-
meters, 511.

QUERIES : — " Familiar Epistles on the Irish Stage," 512.

Minor Qoeribs : — Hymns _ The Book of Hy-Many — Terence —
Spoon Inscription — Was Lady Jane Grey buried at Bradgate? —
Henry Mnclellan—" The Death of Lord Chatham " — Anno Regul
Regis — Quotation — Richard Harliston, 512.

Minor Queries with Answers: — BaatXtxov Acupov — Founders of Wes-
leyan Methodism _" March Hares " — Thomas Aquinas — " Irish
Pursuits of Literature," 513.

REPLIES: — Why is Luther Represented with a Goose? by R. S.

Chamock, 51 5— Dr. John Anderson, by C. D. Lamont, lb " Domi-

nua regnavit & ligno," by G. Offer, &c. , 516 — Henry Lord Poer, by
J. D'Alton, &c., 518 — Skelmufeky,519_Dr. Hewett's Son, by CI.
Hopper, &c., lb.

Replies to Minor Queries: — Arithmetical Notation — Mr. Willett,
Pictures purchased by, &c. — William Andrew Price — Malabar Jews,

— Triforium — Francis Pole — Owenson the Player — Ephemeral Li-
terature—The Battiscombe Family — Meaning of the Word "End "
as applied to Places — Imitation of Claudian — Plough — Passage in
Grotms — William Marshall — Stratford Family— Death Warrants

— Seals — Registration without Baptism — Heraldic Drawings and
Engravings — Rings, their Uses and Mottoes — Mole and Female
Swans, 520.

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON's W0BK9.

{^Continued from p. 64.)

It is very remarkable, and not easy to account
for, that Leighton's eminent position as a great
English Classic is not generally recognised. A
striking illustration of this is furnished by Mr.
Robert Chambers's Cydopcedia of English Literu'
ture^ a second edition of which has recently ap-
peared under the editorial care of Mr. Robert
Carruthers, who also assisted in the preparation
of the former edition. I am well acquainted with
the edition of 1842, and do not hesitate to charac-
terise it as one of the most valuable works in the
English language — a work standing by itself, and
of singular excellence. The new edition I have
not yet had time to examine, but can well imagine
that it is admirable. Now in this bright Circle,
Leighton shines not ; in each edition he is passed
over ! We have Tillotson, and Paley, and Blair,
et hoc genus omne, — but Leighton is ignored, and
that by his own countrymen, highly intelligent
and cultivated though they be !

Archbishop Leighton calls forth our warmest
affection and admiration, whether we regard him
as a Divine, or (to use his own expression),
®e6ffo<pos, as a Philosopher and Christian Platonist,
or as an English Author. He had essentially the
genius of a Poet — all a Poet's imagination, vivid
sense and ardent love of the Beautiful, felicity of
diction, and power of expression. His learning
too, so rich and rare, and so happily applied, con-
tributes largely to the charm of his writing, and
affords '' matter of most delightful Meditation."
But that which adds so peculiar a zest to his com-

positions, as Mr- Pearson rightly observes (p.
clxvi.), is the quality usually denominated Unc-
tion. His mouth spake out of the abundance of
his heart ; and he strikingly exemplifies his own
quotation from St. Bernard, — Utilis Lectio, utilis
Ervditio, sed magis Unctio necessaria, quippe quoe
sola docet de omnibus* Indeed, we may apply to
all of Leighton's Works what Dr. Fall says in
speaking of the Praslections, and that without
hyperbole : —

" Surely, even those who have the least divine dispo-
sition of mind, will make it the principal business of their
life, and their highest pleasure, to stray through those
delightful Gardens, abounding with such sweet and fra-
grant Flowers, and refresh their hearts with the Coelestial
Honey that may be drawn from them ; nor is there any
ground to fear that such supplies will fail ; for how often
soever you have recourse to them, you will always find
them blooming, full of juice, and swelled with the Dew
of Heaven ; nay, when by deep and continual Medita-
tion, you imagine you have pulled the finest Flower, it
buds forth again ; and what Virgil writes concerning his
fabulous Golden Bough is, in strictest truth, applicable in
this case :

" ' . . Uno avulso, non deficit alter.
Aureus.' "

Abp. Leighton lives in his Works f, and they
accordingly breathe the spirit of his Life, which
was indeed what Plotinus calls A Flight of the
Alone to the Alone. J He was in the World yet
not of the World, but apart from it ; and realised,
as fully as ever man did, the truth of that pro-
found saying of the Ancients — Nascentes morimur :
Morientes nascimur. Thus it was that he regarded
the World as an Inn, and himself as a Pilgrim
travelling towards Eternity. His feelings on the
subject are well expressed in his own description
of a Christian Traveller : —

" There is a diligence in his calling, and a prudent re-
gard of his affairs not only permitted to a Christian, but
required of him. But yet in comparison with his great
and high calling (as the Apostle terms it), he follows all
his other business with a kind of coldness and indifier-
ency, as not caring very much which way they go ; his
Heart is elsewhere ! The Traveller provides himself as
he can with entertainment and lodging where he comes;
if it be commodious, it is well, but if not, it is no great
matter. If he find but necessaries, he can abate delica-
cies very well ; for when he finds them in his waj', he
neither can, nor, if he could, would choose to stay there.
Though his Inn were dressed with the richest hangings

* Comment on St. Peter, iii. 19., Pearson's edit., vol. ii.
p. 227.

t Mr. Wogan (not Dr. Fall, as I inadvertently said),
in prefixing Some Account of the Life of Abp. Leighton
to his valuable edition of the XVIII. Sermons, observes:
" Indeed our Author so lives in his Works, that the
History of his Life would appear less necessary to be in-
serted, were it not of use to throw some light on many
passages in these Sermons."

X The celebrated passage in Plotinus, ending with
" *uy7) fiovov jrpbs MONON," has been most happily- and ap-
propriately chosen as the Motto for Leighton's Works in
Mr. Pearson's edition. One is almost tempted to trans-
late it A Flight of the Sole to the Alone.

508

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d 8. VIII. Dec. 24. '59.

and furniture, yet it is not his Home; he must and
would leave it." *

Diodorus, I may observe, tells us that the Egyp-
tians used to style the dwellings of the living
" Inns," regarding this Life as the Journey of a
Traveller towards his Home. Cowley has a simi-
lar thought in one of his Pindarique Odes, of
which I give the first stanza : —
" Life.
" Nascentes Morimur. Manil.
" We're ill by these Grammarians used,
We are abused by Words, grossly abused ;
From the Maternal Tomb
To the Grave's fruitful Womb,
We call here Life ; but Life's a Name
That nothing here can truly claim :
This wretched Inn, where we' scarce stay to bait,
We call our Dwelling-place ;
We call one Step a Jiace :
But Angels, in their full enlightened state
Angels who Live, and know what 'tis to Be,
Who all the nonsense of our Language see.
Who speak Things, and our Words (their ill-drawn
Pictures^ scorn:
When we by a foolish Figure say.
Behold an old Man dead ! then they
Speak properly, and cry, ' Behold a Man-child born ! ' "

Yes, Leighton's Life was indeed " hid with
Christ in God ; " he had passed through the mys-
tic grades of Mortification and Annihilation f into
that sublime Absorption which he so well de-
scribes in his Rules for a Holy Life : —

" Entering into Jesus, thou casteth thyself into an in-
finite Sea of Goodness, that more easily drowns and hap-
pily swallows thee up, than the Ocean does a drop of
water. Then shalt thou be hid and transformed in Him,
and shalt often be as Thinking without Thought, and
Knowing without Knowledge, and Loving without Love,
comprehended of Him Whom thou canst not comprehend."
-§v. lO.J

I may remark here that these few lines contain
the sum and substance of the writings of the great
Mystics, and may be verified over and over again
in their works. I would especially compare, not
only this passage, but the whole tract, with Norris
of Bemerton's Discourse concerning Heroic Piety,
and with the works of Tauler, 'k Kempis, St. John
of the Cross, Fenelon, Guion, and Marsay.

Abp. Leighton's Works might receive much
beautiful and suitable illustration from those of a
kindred spirit — the sweet Poet and Platonic
Divine, Noreis of Bem£bton.§ For instance,

* Comment on St. Peter, ii. 11., vol. i. p. 274. Cf. vol. ii.
pp. 110. 347. 402. Cf. also Norris's poem. The Elevation,
pp. 42. 46.

t See the preliminarj- Letter on Mystics and Mystical
Terms prefixed to Marsay's Discourses relating to the Spiri-
tual Life, Edinb., 1749.

J Elsewhere he says : " It is but little we can receive
here, some drops of Joy that enter into us ; but there we
shall enter into Joy, as Vessels put into a Sea of Happi-
ness."—Vol. i. p. 194.

§ Norris's Collection of Miscellanies is one of the most
delightful, and, at the same time, badly-printed books in

compare Leighton's Lecture " Of the Happiness
of the Life to Come " with " An Idea of Hap-
piness," one of Norris's charming Miscellanies ;
and Leighton's remarks on the Beatific Vision
and the Scholastic questions about it, in the same
lecture, with Norris's " short and methodical ac-
count " of the matter in his Idea. (Miscel. 6th
ed. pp. 282 — 88.) Again, — that Happiness im-
plies consciousness of it, Non est beatus qui se iion
putat — cf. Leighton, vol. i. 21., ii. 4D7., with
Norris, p. 284. One parallel passage I would
fain quote at length. Leighton, speaking of un-
reasonable and childish Desires, asks : —

" And what would we have ? Think we that Content-
ment lies in so much, and no less? When that is at-
tained, it shall appear as far off as before. When Chil-
dren are at the foot of a high Hill, they think it reaches
the Heavens, and yet if they were there, they would find
themselves as far off as before, or at least, not sensibly
nearer. Men think. Oh, had I this, I were well ; and
when it is reached, it is but an advanced standing from
which to look higher, and spy out for some other thing."
— Comment on St. Peter, v. 7., vol. ii. p. 430. ; cf. p. 148.
Compare Norris's fine poem entitled The Infidel : —

" Farewel Fruition, thou grand cruel cheat.
Which first our Hopes does raise and then defeat ;
Farewel thou midwife to abortive Bliss,
Thou mystery of Fallacies.
Distance presents the object fair,
With charming features and a graceful air.
But when we come to seize th' inviting prey,
Like a shy Ghost, it vanishes away.

n.

" So to th' unthinking Boy, the distant Sky
Seems on some Mountain's surface to rely ;
He with ambitious haste climbs the ascent,
Curious to touch the Firmament :
But when with an unweary'd pace
Arrived he is at the long-wished-for place.
With sighs the sad defeat he does deplore,
His Heaven is still as distant as before."

P. 19. Cf. pp. 13. 32. 133. 215. 276. 288.

Parallel passages occur in the works of Dr.
Johnson (who makes the primitive Arcadians take
the place of children}, Thompson, Campbell,
Hood, and many others. I cannot refrain, how-
ever, from quoting a beautiful passage from
Bishop Hickes's Devotions : —

" 'Tis to be happy that we run after Pleasures ; and
cover £sic2 in everything our own proud Will. But we,
ala.i! mistake our Happiness; and foolishh' seek it
•where it is not to be found. As silly Children think to
catch the Sun, when they see it setting at so near a Dis-
tance. They travel on, and tire themselves in vain ; for
the thing they seek is in another World." — Lond. 1706,
p. 446. Mattinsfor Commem. of Saints.

The Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic
Needle, or " The Magnetism of Passion " as
Norris calls it, has already been illustrated in the
pages of " N. & Q." On this point compare

our language; both type and paper are wretched. I
trust Mr. J. R. Smith will ere long include it in his ad-
mirable Library of Old Authors.

2»<» S. VIII. DEa 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

509

Leighton, vol. i. pp. 22. 223., iii. p. 187., with
Norris, pp. 91. 200. 208—9.

The Simile of Christ'a Purity and the Sun
shining unpolluted on pollution has also beeYi
traced in " N. & Q." ; I may add Leighton, Serm.
V. vol. iii. p. 141. Cf. Cawdrie's Treasurie of
Similies. Lond. 1609, p. 551.

The Simile of the Wounded Deer (Med, on
Ps. xxxii. 4. vol. ii. p. 306. )> is very beautifully
drawn out in one of Wither's Emblems 5 cf. also
Cowper's lines beginning " I was a stricken Deer."
Task, B. iii.

Leighton, commenting on 1 Peter, i. 3., ob-
serves : —

"A living Hope, living in death itself 1 The World dares
say no more for its device, than Dum spiro spero ; but the
Children of God can add, by virtue of this living Hope,
Dum expiro spero," &c. vol. i. p. 85.

Cf. the following passage which occurs in The
Three Divine Sisters, Faith, Hope, and Charity, by
Thomas Adams of WjUington. — Wo?-kes, Lond.
1630, folio: —

" Hope is the sweetest friend that ever kept a distressed
Soul company ; it beguiles the tediousness of the way, all
the miseries of our Pilgrimage. Therefore Dum spiro
spero, said the Heathen ; hut' Dum expiro spero, says the
Christian. The one, ' Whilst I live I hope ; ' the other
also, ' When I die, I hope ; ' So Job, / will hope in Thee
tho' Thou killest j«e."— Repr. 1847, p. 8.

All Things attend and serve Man — Fragm. on
Ps. viii. vol. ii. p. 346. Cf. G. Herbert's Poem
on " Man."

The Elixir — Comment on St. Peter, iv. 2. 11.;
vol. ii. pp. 294. 353—4. Cf. G. Herbert's poem
of that name.

Leighton's account of True Philosophy is very
striking : —

" The exactest Knowledge of things is to know them
in their causes ; it is then an excellent thing, and worthy
of their endeavours who are most desirous of Knowledge,
to know the best things in their highest causes ; and the
happiest way of attaining to this Knowledge is, to pos-
sess these things, and to know them by experience." —
Vol. i. pp. 13—14. Cf. ii. 120. ; iv. 120. 275-6. 324. 348.

The above is a beautiful expansion of Virgil's

" Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas."

Georg. ii. 490.

EiRIONNACH.

(To he concluded in our next.)

LEGEND OF JERSEY : THE SEIGNEUR DE HAMBIE.

In the island of Jersey, upon an artificial mound
facing the coast of Normandy, is a chapel called
La Hogue-bie. Hogue is a word synonymous
with tumulus, and answers precisely to what we
term a sepulchral barrow. There are many of
the kind in the isle, but this is the largest. There
is a tradition that a Norman nobleman, the
Seigneur de Hambie, being killed in the island,

was interred here ; and the mound raised over
him that from Normandy his widow might daily
view the burial-place of her departed husband.
The chapel was added, wherein to say masses for
the repose of his soul. A strong spice of romance
pervades the story, which is printed in Latin, from
the original MS., in Falle's Jersey, continued by
Morant (4to. edit. 1798), and in substance is as
follows : —

" It is related that once on a time, in the marshes of
St. Laurence, in the island of Jersey, there existed a ser-
pent (or dragon) which greatly troubled the islanders
with its ravages. Upon its coming to the ears of the
Lord of Hambie in Normandy, he, instigated by the re-
port, and to add glory to his name, repaired thither —
killed and decapitated the dragon. He had a servant
who accompanied him, and who was to have carried
home the news of this valiant action, but, envious of the
renown of so great a deed, turning suddenly treacherous,
he slew his master and buried him. Returning to Ham-
bie he persuaded his mistress that his lord had been
killed by the serpent, and that he himself had avenged
his death by despatching the monster. He moreover in-
structed her that he was charged with his lord's dying
wish to the effect that she should marry the servant:
a concession to which the lady for the pious love that
she bare to her liege lord yielded. The .servant, now
elevated to the position of Lord of Hambie, raved fre-
quently in his sleep, and seemed agitated in dreams, con-
stantly exclaiming, ' Alas, wretch that I was to kill my
master.' A reiteration of this excited her suspicions:
she consulted her friends, taxed him with the fact, and
brought him to justice, when he acknowledged the
crime. The lady, as a memorial, erected a mound upon
the spot where he was killed and buried, in the parish of
St. Saviour, and it was called Hogue Hambie, otherwise
by corruption Hogue-bie, Hogue being an obtuse pyramid
of earth of the sort called by the French Montjoyes."

These tales of valiant knights combating with
fierce and pestiferous dragons have been common
in history, and I should be glad to have some
theory of their origin. The old serpent, the arch-
enemy of the human race, may have been the idea
to build on, but it would be hardly consistent to
drag in the Apocalypse to help us out, as Pagan-
dom would furnish doubtless as many examples.

A friend once imaginatively suggeste/i to me
that mankind having some oral tradition of the
pre-adamite monsters, may have furnished ma-
terial for such fables, which lost nothing in the
perpetual telling of successive generations.

Is this edition of Falle's Jersey rare ? I can-
not meet with a copy in the British Museum.

This romantic story has been versified by a
writer in the European Magazine, vol. Ixxii.
(1817), whose initials are R. A. D., Esq. Is it
known to whom these initials appertain ?

Ithuriel.

FBANGIPANT.

This is the name of a composition sold as a per-
fume, and which of late, through the enterprise
of its vendors, has been much pressed on the at-

510

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'d S. Viri. Dec. 24. '59.

tention of the public tlirougli the advertising
columns of our newspapers, periodicals, &c. The
origin of the term seems worthy of a Note ; espe-
cially as many, I doubt not, have like myself sup-
posed it to be without more signification than the
names of other perfumers' nostrums : as, for in-
stance, Guards^ Bouquet, Jockey Club, and the
like. It is also the more necessary since an ex-
planation, which I believe to be without founda-
tion, is circulated by one of the vendors of the
perfume, under semblance of a quotation from
"N. & Q."*

Frangipani is the name of a very ancient and
illustrious family of Rome, one member of which,
Mutio Frangipani, served in France in the Papal
army during the'reign of Charles IX. The grand-
son of this nobleman was the Marquis Frangipani,
Marechal des Armees of Louis XIII. ; and he it
was who invented a method of perfuming gloves,
which, when so perfumed, bore the name of "Fran-
gipani gloves." "f Menage, in his Origini della
Lingua Italiana, published at Geneva in 1685,
thus notices the Marquis and his invention : —

" Da uno di que' Signori Frangipani, (1' abbiam vecluto
qui in Parigi) furono chiamati certi guanti porfumati,
Guanti di Frangipani."

From the following passage in Le Laboureur's
Memoires de Castelnaut, it appears that the bro-
ther of the Marquis Frangipani had a share in the
invention : —

" Ce dernier Marquis Frangipani, et son frfere mort
auparavant luy, invent^rent la composition du parfum
et des odeurs qui retiennent encore le nom de Frangipane."

What the composition of the'perfume was that
gained for the Marquis so much reputation, I
have not been able to discover. Menage, who,
it will be observed, was a contemporary, and had
met the Marquis in Paris, alludes merely to per-
fumed gloves, and I am inclined to think that this
was the only form in which the invention at first
appeared. Le Laboureur speaks of his inventing
" la composition du parfum et des odeurs," which
perhaps may be understood to refer to some
essence, powder, or pommade. This much, how-
ever, is certain, that various compositions, as pom-
made, essence, and powder, distinguished by the
name of Frangipani or Frangipane, were sold by
perfumers down to the early part of the present
century, when they gradually fell into disuse.
During the last few years, however, the name has
again found its way into the list of perfumes, and
Frangipani is now more sold than it probably.
ever was before. The formulce for the various
compounds, as "Pommade k la Frangipane,"

[* Who informs us that the paragraph originally ap-
peared, as a quotation from " N. & Q.," in a country
paper." — Ed. "N. & Q."]

t Vide Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique et Critique',
Moreri, Grand Dictionnaire, ed. 1740, tome iv. p. 183.

X Ed. Bruxelles, 1731, tome ii. p. 651.

" Esprit de Frangipane," &c., are so utterly dis-
crepant, and have such slender pretensions to re-
present the original, that it is needless to quote
them, and I shall only refer the reader who wishes
for them to the works named below.*

The subject of perfumed gloves, which I may
remai-k have long since disappeared from use, in-
troduces us to some curious particulars regarding
the trades of glover and perfumer. Savary, in his
Dictionnaire Vniversel de Commerce (Geneve et
Paris, 1750), tells us that the glovers of Paris
constitute a considerable community, having sta-
tutes and laws dating back so far as 1190. These
statutes, after receiving various confirmations from
the kings of France, were renewed, confirmed, and
added to by Louis XIV. under Letters Patent
in March, 1656. The glovers are therein styled
"Marchands Maitres Gantiers-Parfumeurs." In
their capacity of glovers they had the right of
making and selling gloves and mittens of all sorts
of materials, as well as the skins used in making
gloves ; while as perfumers they enjoyed tlie
privilege of perfuming gloves, and of selling all
manner of perfumes. Perfumed skins were im-
ported from Spain and.Italy, and were used for
making gloves, purses, pouches, &c. ; they were
very expensive and "fort a la mode," but their
powerful odour led to their disuse. With regard
to gloves, Savary remarks : —

" II s'en tiroit autrefois quantity de parfum^s d'Espagne
et de Rome ; mais leur forte odeur de muse, d'ambre et
de civette, qu'on ne pouvoit soutenir sans incomraodite,
a fait que la mode et I'usage s'en sont presque perdus :
les plus estim^s de ces Gans etoient les Gans de Franchi-
pane et ceux de Neroli."t

Many receipts are extant for the perfuming of
gloves, and though some of them are curious,
they are too lengthy for me to quote more than
the titles. Here, in the Secreti de la Signora Isa-
bella Cortese, ne" quali si contengono Cose Mi-
nerali, Medicinali, Arteficiose ed Alchimiche, e
molte de T Arte Profumatoria, appa7-tenenti a
ogni gran Signora (Venet., 1574, 12mo.), we find
directions for " Concia di guanti perfettissima,
con niusco ed ambracan," and again " Concia di
guanti senza musco perfetta." I have also before
me, from an old French work published at Lyons
in 1657 J, the precise directions for " Civette tres-
exquise pour parfumer gands et en oindre les
mains." In these compositions musk, ambergris,
and civet, were the chief perfumes ; and as they
were applied inside the gloves, combined with
some sort of oil or grease, their use at the present
day would be thought intolerable. The gloves of
Frangipani were also prepared with grease, as I

* Celnart, Nouveau Manuel , complet du Parfumeur,
Paris, 1854, ISmo. ; Piesse, Art of Ferfuimry, Loudon,
1856, 8vo.

t Tom. ii. p. 619.

t Les Secrets du Seigneur Alexis Piemontois.

2"'! S. Vlll. Dec. 24. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES-

511

tbink we may gather from the following lines of
Cerisantes* : —

" Amice, nil me sicut antea juvat
Pulvere vel Cyprio
Coiiiam nitenlem pectere ;

Vel quas Britannus texuit subtiliter
Mille modis varias
Jactare ventis taanias ;

Vel quam perunxit Frangipanes ipsemet
Pelle, manum gracilem
Cor&m puellis promere."

The word FrancMpanne, or Fravgipane, is ap-
plied in French cookery to a sort of pastry com-
posed of almonds, cream, sugar, &c. In the VV^est
Indies it is used to designate the fruits of Flu-
miera alba L., and P. rubra L., because, accord-
ing to Merat and De Lens f, " on retrouve dans
ces fruits murs le gout de nos franchipanes." If
.these fruits are eatable, it is remarkable that
neither Sloane nor Lunan mentions the fact.
Frangipanier is, however, the French name of the
Plumiera. Dan. Hambury.

Plough Court, Lombard Street.

Contents of Old Book Covers. — J. E. F.'s ac-
count of the discovery of a picture within the
boards of a book cover, reminds me of an anec-
dote I heard in conversation some years ago. I
have forgotten who my authority was, but have
a strong impression that my informant had means
of knowing the details of the discovery from the
finder.

I was told that a good many years ago, when
several of the books in the library of Lincoln
cathedral were being examined for the purpose of
selecting those that were in bad repair to be re-
bound, a slight inequality was detected in the
paper covering internally one of the boards of a
iblio volume. Curiosity caused this paper to be
removed, and displayed a number of thin gold
coins packed closely together. If my memory
does not betray me my informant said that they
were mostly ten shilling pieces of James I. and
Charles I. Dk. Dryasdust, F.S.A.

Nicknames on Members of Parliament. — Per-
haps some correspondent would furnish additions
to the following: — The late Nicholas Fitzsimon,
son-in-law of the late Daniel O'Connell, at one
time represented the county of Dublin in Par-
liament. At the same time another Nicholas
Fitzsimon (afterwards Sir Nicholas, since' dead)
represented the King's County. The latter was

* They form part of an ode addressed "Ad Vincentem
Victurum," which may be found at the end of the Latin
letters of Balzac (Balzacn Carminum Libri tres : ejusdem
Epistolm Selectee, ed. Mg. Menagio, Paris, 1650, 4to.)

t Diet, de la Matiere Mcdicale, torn. v. 405.

an exceedingly obese person, whilst his namesake
had a very deformed short leg and foot, and
was lame. In order to distinguish them in the
" House," the latter was called Mr. Foot-Simon,
whilst the member for the King's County was
known as Mr. Fat-Simon; nothing in the shape
of " nicknames " could be more appropriate. The
late Pierce Mahony, an attorney of Dublin, who
had an extensive practice, represented the borough
of Tralee (in Kerry) for a short time in Parlia-
ment, and contrived, in a fevr months, to intro-
duce so many Bills, that he was called Bill
Mahony, a name that he carried with him to his
grave. Two of the Wynns of Wales, uncle and
nephew, were in the " House ; " one was called
Bubble, from the extraordinary manner in which
he ppoke, whilst the other had a thin whistling
sort of utterance, which procured for him the
name of Squeak. No doubt hundreds may be
added to the above. S. Redmond.

Liverpool.

Beltane. — Numerous observances, relics of the
ancient Beltane festival, the Beal fire-worship of
the Celtic nations, are described as being still
practised on the '1st of May in the end of last
century and the beginning of the present. How
far are observances of this class still kept up ?
such as extinguishing the fires of a district on the
1st of May, and then kindling a need-fire ? Is the
lighting of bonfires on May-day, or on Hallow-
e'en (the 1st of Nov.), still kept up in many
localities ? A. F.

Edinburgh.

Square Words. — Having been defied to square
Queen and Crimea, I have assayed and done
them. As they are difiicult, I send them as a
contribution to the selection you have pub-
lished : —

QUEEN CRIMEA
USAGE REMAND
EASES IMAGED
EGEST MAGPIE
NESTS ENEIDS
A D D E S T

There are, I am satisfied, no other solutions.

Clammild.

Athenaeum Club.

Machine Hexameters (P' S. xii. 470. ; 2"'' S. i.
57.) — I have taken the liberty of having a few
copies of this ingenious puzzle printed, under the
title of Carminarium Latinum ; and any of your
correspondents who may desire a copy can have
one by applying by letter to Mr. Heming, prin-
ter, Stourbridge, and enclosing Is. Id. in postage
stamps.

It will be ready very shortly, but early applica-
tion should be made to ensure a copy. H. S. G.

512

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"<» S. VIII. Dec. 24. '69.

"familiar epistles on the IRISH . stage."

Who was the author of a 12mo. volume, entitled
Familiar Epistles to Frederick E. Jones, Esq. on
the Present State of the Irish Stage, pp. 178 ? It
attracted no small amount of public attention in
its day ; and having reached a fourth edition,
"with considerable additions" (Dublin, 1805),
it has been usually attributed to the pen of the
late Right Hon. John Wilson Croker. But re-
garding its authorship, " sub judice lis est."

In Mr, Wm. J. Fitzpatrick's recent publication,
entitled The Friends, Foes, and Adventures of Lady
Morgan, p. 137., the following words may be
found : —

" An unadorned slab, almost smothered by rank weeds,
in the churchyard of St. Werburgb, Dublin, communi-
cates to the reader the melancholy fact, that Edwin, one
of the most promising Irish actors, died in 1805, from a
broken heart caused by an illiberal criticism in Croker's
Familiar Epistles on the Irish Stage."

But Mr. Gilbert's statement, as given in his
History of the City of Dublin, vol. ii. pp. 221. 226.,
differs from the foregoing : —

"Early in 1804 the dramatic world of Dublin was
thrown into a state of commotion by the appearance of
a small anonymous pamphlet, entitled Familiar Epistles
to Frederick Jones, Esq. on. the Present State of the Irish
Stage. The authorship of this production, which was
kept a profound secret, has been ascribed to John Wilson
Croker, who, however, pledged his honour to Jones that

he had not written it Jones always considered

the Epistles to have been written by the late Baron Smith
[Sir Wm. Cusack Smith, Bart.], and ascribed the greater
part of the notes to a barrister named Comerford, editor of
the Patriot newspaper."

Some reader of " N. & Q." may perhaps be
able and willing to set the question at rest.*

Abhba.

:^tn0r cSucrteS.

Hymns. — Can any of your correspondents tell
me where to find the originals of the well-known
hymn — " Lo ! He comes with clouds descending "
by Oliver, a Methodist shoemaker (?) ; of " Great
God ! what do I see and hear ;" and of the mo-
dern hymns, " Glory to thee, O Lord," for Inno-
cents' Day, in the collection of the Society for
Promoting Christian Knowledge ; and " Our blest
Redeemer ere He breathed a tender last farewell,"
in Mercer's book ? H. W. B.

The Book of Hy-Many. — In Dr. O'Donovan's
valuable work on The Tribes and Customs of Hy-
Ulany, printed by the Irish Archaeological Society
from the Book of Lecan, the learned editor, in his
introductory remarks, observes that " the Book of

j^* The work is attributed, without any Query, to John
Wilson Croker in the Catalogue of the British" Museum.
— Ed.]

Hy-Many, supposed to contain various tracts re-
lating to the territory, is still in existence, and is
believed to be in the possession of a private col-
lector in England ; it is, however, inaccessible to
the editor."

Can you, Sir, or any of your numerous corre-
spondents, inform me whether Dr. O'Donovan's
belief is correct ? an<l, if so, in whose custody this
doubtless highly curious ancient MS. is at the
present time ? William Kelly.

Leicester.

Terence. — Can you oblige me by answering the
two following Queries regarding English transla-
tions of Terence? 1st. Terences Comedies, made
English, 12mo., 1694, by Mr. L. Echard and
others ; revised and corrected by Dr. Echard and
Sir (Roger ?) L'Estrange. Who were the " other"
translators. 2nd. There is an edition of Terence,
Latin and English, Svo., 1739, by John Stirling.
Is Mr. Stirling the author of the English transla-
tion in this edition ? R. Inglis.

Spoon Inscription. —

" AN. NO. 1669.

DJCSBLVT . ESV CffilST . GOTESSOIN . DEPwMS

GVNSREIN VONaLLEN SVKDEN

CHIIST TVML. BSBEN. ASTF. ALBES SER
DENSLENS. WASSEN."

The above is an inscription on a curiously
carved spoon, the handle of which represents the
Virgin and child, with two little cherubs clasping
her robe, standing on Sin, represented by a nude
female with long hair and a serpent's tail. At
the back is a head with long flowing wig. I
should be grateful if any of your numerous corre-
spondents would tell me whether it is probable
that this spoon was used in the rite of baptism,
and who the head might represent ? W. P. L.

Greenwich.

Was Lady Jane Grey buried at Bi'adgate ? — A
Query on this subject was inserted in 1" S. ix.
373., from my friend Mr. T, R. Potter, which
has not yet received any reply. As it would be
interesting to ascertain the last resting-place of
the remains of this unfortunate lady, permit me
to renew the Query ; and to ask whether there is
any evidence to invalidate the tradition that
"her body was privately brought from London
by a servant of the family, and deposited in the
chapel at Bradgate ?" William Kellt.

Leicester.

Henry Maclellan. — Can you give me any in-
formation regarding Mr. Maclellan, who is author
of an alteration of Romeo and Juliet, which seems
to have been acted at Norwich about 1757. This
author is not noticed in the Biographia Drama-
tica. In the Gentleman's Magazine, 1823 (vol.
xciii. Part ii. p. 605.), I find the two following

'i"* S. VIII. Dec. 24.

'69.}

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

513

paragraphs in a paper entitled " Extracts from Old
Newspapers " : —

1. " To the Public. — As it has been remarked by some
persons, that the favourite play of Romeo and Juliet would
give much more satisfaction to the audience in general,
if it ended happily, accordingly it has been entirely
altered. The 5th Act made almost a new one, saving
their lives, and the life of every vertuous unoflfending
character, preserved also (except Mercutio), and rewarded.
All this too is brought about by nothing even bordering
upon the miraculous, but by plain, natural, and far from
improbable means, &c. The play is now in rehearsal."

2. " The Inventory, a whimsical moral piece. — N.B. As
there happened a great error in the first night's represen-
tation, in the 5th Act of Romeo and Juliet, as lately al-
tered, the scene of reconciliation between the families
being thro' accident almost entirely omitted, this is to
acquaint every lady and gentleman, that the MS. is
ready to be produced, on their sending for it to Mr. Mac-
lellan's." *

R. Inglis.

" T'he Death of Lord Chatham.'" — How is it
that Copley's picture of the sad scene in the old
House of Lords, on April 5, 1778, when Lord
Chatham fell into a swoon whilst addressing the
House, is designated in the oflScial Catalogue of
our National Gallery, " The Death of Lord Chat-
ham " ? Walpole, in his Last Journals, states
that the Earl " fell down in a second fit of apo-
plexy, and lay some time as dead. He was car-
ried into the Jerusalem Chamber, and in about
twenty minutes recovered his speech." Walpole
is in error as to the chamber ; it was the Painted,
not the Jerusalem Chamber. The latter is not
adjoining the House of Lords, but at the west
end of Westminster Abbey. The official Cata-
logue is also in error in stating " the scene repre-
sented in this picture took place in the old House
of Lords (the Painted Chamber) ;'* whereas the
old House of Lords was the old Parliament Cham-
ber, which then occupied the site of the Royal
Gallery, built by Soane, when the old Court of
Requests, or White-hall of the palace, was fitted
up for the House of Lords. It is true that the
official Catalogue corrects itself by adding that
"the Earl was carried home, and never again rose
from his bed : he died on the 11th of May follow-
ing." Still, « The Death of the Earl of Chatham,"
is. a misnomer for Copley's picture. T.

Anno Regni Regis. — Which is the tenth year
of a king's reign? When engaged in historical

[* A copy of The Inventory, by Henry Maclellan, now
before us, contains the following MS. notes in his own
handwriting: —

« July, 1755.

" The following pieces are most humbly Dedicated to
the Ladies, Gentlemen, and other worthy Inhabitants of
the town of Liverpool, by their already much obligated
and most obedient Servant, Heney Maclellan."

Again, at the bottom of the title-page: "Maclellan
(if wanted) may be heard of at Mr. James Hall's, Taylor,
in Rosemary Lane." — Ed.]

pursuits one is frequently obliged to turn the
Anno regni regis into the Anno Domini. Sup-
pose, for instance, a king comes' to the throne in
1850, which will be the fifth or tenth year of his
reigu ? This may seem to be a very foolish ques-
tion ; nevertheless, as I am disposed to be foolish
at this moment, I will ask it. But should any of
the numerous readers of " N. & Q." be good
enough to answer me, I shall be prepared to ex-
plain why I have put forward the Query.

P. Hutchinson.

Quotation. — Can any of your correspondents
inform me where I shall find a piece of poetry
on Time with these words (published twelve or
fifteen years ago in an almanack) : —

" Years roll on years impatient to be gone,
The stately palace and the marble hall," &c.

T. G. G.

Richard Harliston. — Can any of your corre-
spondents add to my scanty notes on Richard
Harliston, sometime Governor of Jersey, or refer
me to any works in which he and his family are
mentioned ? He is described by insular histo-
rians as a native of Hunberston, co. Lincoln, a
vice-admiral in the English service, a knight, and
as flourishing in the reign of Edward TV. In the
Harleian MS. 433. he is mentioned with William
Hareby as being named joint captains of Jersey,
and in which mention they are described as
" Sqyres." He is said to have died in Flanders
in the service of Margaret, sister of Edward IV.

J. BeKTKAND PAIfNiJ.

BaaiKiKov Awpov. — Some of your correspondents
(2°'* S. viii. 356. 444.) have made inquiries con-
cerning the first edition of Eihon Basilihe by
Charles I. It would appear from the subjoined
passage that a " Basilikon" was also written by
James I. : —

" Our unthankfulnesse may remove him as it did the
mirror of Princes, our late famous Elizabeth. She
rests with God ; the Phoenix of her ashes reignes ouer us,
and long may he so doe to God's glory, and the churches
good which his excellent knowledge beautifieth and go-
vernment adjoyned will beatifie it. An hope of this last
we conceiue by his written Baa-iKiKov" &c.

This passage occurs in a preface to a work
written in 1625, now before me ; and my desire
is to find out any particulars connected with this
book. What is its full title ? When published ?
Where to be seen now ? C. Le Poer Kennedy.

[This work is entitled « BA2IAIK0N AOPON. Devided
into Three Bookes. Edinbvrgh: Printed by Robert
Walde-graue, Printer to the Kings Majestie, 1599, 4to."
At the four corners of an ornamented title-page are the
words, " Amor," " Pax," " Pacis alumnis," and " Infesta
malis." This is the first edition of the work, which has
been supposed to have contributed more than any other

514

NOTES AND QUERIES.

t2»<» S. VIII. Dec. 24. '59.

to smooth James's accession to tbe crown. Its rarity and
literary value will be appreciated by the following ex-
tracts'from M'Crie's Life of Melcille, ii. 489. : " Fond of
«eeing this work in print, and j'et conscious that it would
give great oft'ence, James was anxious to keep it from
the knowledge of his native subjects until circumstances
should enable him to publish it with safety. ' With this
view, the printer being first sworn to secres}' (says be),
I only permitted seven of them to be printed, and these
SEVEN I dispersed among some of my trustiest servants
to be kept close by them.' I have now before me (adds
M'Crie) a copy of the first edition [now in the Grenville
librarj", Britisli Museum], and I have no doubt that it is
one of the seven copies (perhaps the only one existing) to
which that edition was limited. It is beautifully printed
in a large Italic letter. Prefixed to it are two sonnets,
the first of which, entitled ' The Dedication of the booke,'
is not to be found in the subsequent editions. On com-
paring this with the subsequent ones, I find that altera-
tions were made in the work. For though all the charges
ngainst the Scottish preachers are retained, James found
it necessary to drop or to soften some of his most un-
guarded and harsh expressions, and to give an ambigu-
ous turn to the sentences which had created the greatest
offence. For example, in the original edition he says,
' If my conscience had not resolved me, that all my re-
ligion was grounded upon the plaine words of the scrip-
ture, I had never outwardly avowed it, for pleasure or
awe of the vaine pride of some sedicious Prcachours' In
the edition of 11503, that sentence stands thus, 'I had
never outwardlie avowed it, for pleasure or awe of any
flesh.' " Several other alterations of the text are quoted,
and the following among other sentences is omitted,
speaking of the Islanders of Scotland, "Thinke no other
of them all, then as Wolves and Wild Boares." The
other editions, entitled BA2IAIK0N AfiPON, or His Ma-
iesties Instrvctions to his Dearest Sonne, Henri/ the Prince,
are those of Edinb., 1G03 ; Lond. 1G03, 12mo. ; Lond.
1082, with portraits of the King and Prince Henry by
White: Latin, Lond. 1604, 8vo. : French, Poictiers,
1603, 12mo.; Rouen, 1603; Paris, 1604, 12mo.]

Founders of Wesleyan Methodism. — The follow-
ing cutting from The Times of Nov. 30, 1859, is
worthy of being embalmed in your pages, for the
sake of the future historians of Wesleyanism : —

" It is not a little singular that the town of Epworth,
Lincolnshire, should have produced both the Rev. John
Wesley, the founder of the Wesleyan Society, and the
Kev. Alexander Kilham, the founder of the Methodist
New Connexion. Wesley was born in 1703, and Kilham
in 1762. No monument of either has been erected in the
town ; but the Conference of the New Connexion have
approved a proposal to erect a monumental chapel in me-
morj' of the latter. The site selected for the building is
almost in the centre of the town, facing the High Street."

Wesley died March 2, 1791, aged eighty-eight.
When did Kilham die ? and what was his age at
his death ? A. T. L.

[According to a marble monument erected in his chapel
at Nottingham, where he was interred, Alex. Kilham died
on Dec. 20, 1798, aged thirty-six.]

" March Hares." — Can you inform me of the
origin of the saying, " As mad as a March hare ? "

W. E. M.

[In Nares's Glossary, ed. 1858, we read that " Hares
are said to be unusually wild in the month of March,
v/bjcji is their rutting time." An old sportsman, how-

ever, informs us, that hares in the month of March, when
the winds are usually high, quit the cover to avoid the •
continual disturbance arising from the falling of decayed
twigs and the rustling of dried leaves.

" And neither took the gifts he brought here.
Nor yet would give him back his daughter,
Therefore e're since this cunning archer.
Hath been as mad as any March hare."

Homer a la Mode, 1665.

" As mad as a March hare; where madness compares,
Are not Midsummer hares as mad as March hares? "
Ilcy wood's Epigrammes, 1567.]

Thomas Aquinas. — I wish to identify two
volumes containing works of Thomas Aquinas.
The books were formerly in the library of Dr.
Kloss, the "Bibliophilist" of Frankfort, and now
are in my collection. Any information regarding
them will be acceptable. Both are in black-letter :
the first, 4to., not paged ; initials in rubrical MSS.
Text occupies 64 pages ; no " explicit" or " finis";
no registers ; fuUstop only point used. Water-
mark, lamb of St. John, with banner, in a circle.
On reverse of first leaf is a table containing head-
ings of the chapters ; headings numbered conse-
cutively from 1 to 18, — the shapes of figures 4, 5,
7, 14, 15, 17, arc curious. In a MS. note, on the
fly-leaf, in handwriting of Dr. Kloss (?), the book
is desci'ibed thus : *' Editio incognita (Coloniaj,
Therhoem, 1474 :) confrond duo En :" This note
requires explanation : — Is it still " incognita
editio" ? What is the meaning of " duo En :" ?
Is the printer's name rightly spelt ? Does Pan-
zer mention this edition ? The other book is
"Thomas Aquinas de Articulis Fidei," etc.,
folio ; no initials ; not paged ; colon and fuUstop
used ; " Et sic est finis" at end ; occupies 35
pages. On the cover is the following note by Dr.
Kloss : " Panzer, i. 90. 480. (Argintorati, Martinus
Flach, 1475,) typis Sallustiis." Will some of
your readers kindly refer to Panzer, and co])y
any information he may offer concerning either
of these works ? I would feel obliged for any
notes concerning their identity. I endeavoured,
but unsuccessfully, to obtain a copy of the Sale
Catalogue of Dr. Kloss's library. It was for sale
in Mr. Miller's List for last month, but sold off
before I could get it. C. Le Poer Kennedy.

[Can the former of the two volumes respecting which
our correspondent inquires be No. 304. in the Sale Cata-
logue of Dr. Kloss's library?

" 304. [Aquino (S. Thomse de)] Tractatus de Periculis
contingentibus circa Sacramentum Eucharisticie (Coloniae,
Arti. Ther. Hoernen, 147|."

We think the " duo En : " to be a memorandum of the
price at which the book was purchased = " two engel-
groschen " ? Each engelgroschen was worth about six-
pence sterling. But there was also the engelthaler, worth
about five shillings.

The other book appears to be No. 397. of the Sale Cata-
logue, unless it be No. 898. : "Aliud exemplar, uncut."
The following is from Panzer, i. 90. : —

" * 480. S.Thomae Sunimade Articulis Fidei et Ecclesi®
Sacramentis. Tractatus de Periculis cfusp contingunt

2''<» S. VIII. Dec. 24. '59,]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

515

circa Sacramentum Eucharistia;. Adhter. Ejusd. Epistola
de Judaeis ad Petitionem Comitissa3 Flandria;. In fine :
Et sic est Jinis. Char, eodem goth. maior. sine oust. sign.
et pagg. num. fol. 1. 33 hahet lintas ; foil. 18 fol. —
Laire Ind. i. p. 203."]

'■^ Irish Pursuits of Literature." — Who was the
author of an 8vo. volume, entitled Lnsh Pursuits
of Literature, in a.d. 1798 and 1799 (Dublin,
1799)? Abhba.

[The above work was followed by another from the
same pen, entitled Pursuits of Literature, Translations by
Octavius, Dublin, 8vo., 1799. Both works are by Dr.
William Hales, Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and
Kector of Killesandra. These clever brochures are very
fuUj' noticed by Mr. Gough in the Gent. Mag. Ixix. 1135,
ll-li. Consult also Nichols's Illustrations, viii. 318.3

la^pltc^.

WHY IS IvUTIIER REPRESENTED WITH A GOOSE?

(2"" S. viii. 243. 277. 298.)
A late distinguished antiquary has the follow-
ing note on " Luther and his goose : "

" While travelling in the North of Germany in Aug.
1838, I noticed the portraits of Luther and Melancthon
in all churches. When Luther was represented full-
length, there was almost always the figure of a swan or a
goose at his feet. In Germany nobody could give me a
satisfactory reason why those birds should accompany
Luther's portraits. In March, 1842, 1 inserted in the
Gent.'s Mag. a request to any of its corraepondents to
give me some information on the subject. In the follow-
ing month (p. 346.) this answer is given: — 'It is said
John Huss asked his executioner, are you going to burn
a goose — such is the meaning of Huss in the IJohemian
language ; in one century you will have a swan j'ou can
neither roast nor boil ? This was afterwards interpreted
to mean Luther, who had a swan for his arms. This
seems to be the reason that a swan is generally placed by
Luther's side in his whole-length portraits.' (This inter-
pretation does not satisfy me. I cannot imagine that
Luther, the son of a poor miner of Eisleben in Saxony,
could ever have borne an aristocratic coat of arms. Born
10 Nov. 1484; died at Eisleben, 18 Feb. 1546, aged 61
years 3 months 8 days.) The writer in the Biog. Univ.,
under ' Huss,' observes ' Quelques protestants du 16">"'
siecle, jouant sur le mot Huss, racontent gravement,
qu'avant d'expirer, il avoit prophetise la venue de Luther,
en s'^criant qu'on faisoit mourir une Oie, mais que cent ans
apres il renaitroit de ses cendres un Cygne, qui soutiendroit
la verite' qu'il avoit defendue.' Since writing the an-
nexed statement of my doubts as to Luther bearing an
armorial shield, I find that he certainly did. In the Hist,
de Martin Luther, par J. M. V. Audin (vol. ii. p. 535.),
after mentioning the death of Catherine Bora, wife of
Luther, which occurred at Torgau (Upp. Saxony), 20
Dec. 1552, M. Audin adds, 'Les restes de Catherine re-
posent dans I'eglise paroissiale de Torgau. Une pierre
les recouvre, sur laquelle la compagne de Luther est re-
presentee de grandeur naturelle, tenant en main une Bible
ouverte. Audessus de la tete, si droite, sont les Armes de
Luther ; h gauche, celles de sa femme ; un lion, dans un
champ d'or, et dans le heaume, une queue de paon.'
The lion in the field of gold and crest of peacock's tail
are the arms of Catherine Bora. The arms of Luther are
not described — Martin Luther, son of Hans Luther, a
poor labourer, afterwards a miner, born at Eisleben, in

Upper Saxony, in the county of Mansfeld, 10 Nov. 1483,
ordained priest 2 Maj-, 1506, aged 22 y. 5 m. 22 d. ; mar-
ried at Wittembcrg, 13 June, 1525, aged 41 y. 7 m. 4 d.,
to Catherine Bora, Bore, Bohre, of a noble but needj'
family of Grimma, on the Muldau, between Dresden and
Leipsig. She had in infancy been placed in a convent at
Nimptsch, near Grimma, from which, with eight others,
she made her escape with the assistance of Leonhard
Kceppen, a senator of Torgau, and Wolf Tomitzch, on 4
April, 1521, and fled to Wittemberg. She was bom at
Grimma, 29 Jan. 1499, and died at Torgau, 20 Dec.
1552, aged 53 y. 10 m. 21 d., having survived her
husband 6 y. 10 m. 2 d. (Audin.) From Memoires de Lti-
titer, trad, par M. Michelet, 2 vols. 1837, « Martin Luther
ou Luder, ou Lother (car il signe quelquefois ainsi), na-
quit h, Eisleben le 10 Nov. 1483. h, onze heures du soir.'
(vol. i. p. 3.) ; and a note, p. 295., ' Lotharius, lut-lier,
leute-herr, chef des hommes, chef du peuple.' Audin
(Hist. Luther, vol. i. p. 79.) states that Erasmus says, in
Epist. ad Groc., that the real name of Martin Luther was
Ludder or Luder, which he abandoned, because in Saxon
it signified ' a worthless fellow ' — ' qu'il quitta, parce-
qu'en Saxon luder signifie mauvais garuement ' (G. bider,
riot, lewdness, to lead a lewd life. Fli'igel). In the Matri-
culation Books of the Universitj' of Erfurtll in 1501, the
name is written 'Martinus Ludher ex Mansfeld,' and
afterwards, in 1502, ' Martinus Luder, ex Mansfeld, Bac-
calaureus Philosopliiaj.' 'Jean (Hans) Luther, pfere
de celui qui est devenu si celebre, etoit de Mcehra, petit
village de Saxe, prbs d'Eisenach. La mfere etoit fiUe
d'un bourgeois de cette ville, ou, selon une tradition que
j'adopterais plus volontiers, de Neustadt, en Franconie.
Le pbre, qui n'^tait qu'un pauvre mineur, avait de la peine
a soutenir sa famille. Jean Luther laissa une maison,
deux fourneaux h forge, et environs mille thalers en ar-
gent comptant. Les Armes du pere de Luther, car les
pa3'sans en prenaient h I'imitation des armoiries des nobles,
^taient tout simplement un raarteau. Luther ne rougit
point de ses parens.' (Memoires ds Luther, par Miche-
let, vol. i. p. 3.) ' Hans Luther avait des Armes h. I'instar
des nobles de son temps, un marteau de mineur, dont
Martin etait fier corame un Sickingen de son epde.' "
(Audin, La Vie de Martin Luther.)

Wachter derives Lotharius, Luderus, Lutherus,
Lotherus, from O. G. lauter, clarus, lucidus, ful-
geiis ; but all these names might also be from O.
Gr. laut-herr, " illustrious master."

The name Melancthon or Melanthon is the
Greek translation of his real G. name Schwar-
zerde, " black earth," which, if from locality, might
account for our name Sweetland, which is possibly
a corruption of Svart-land. John Huss was born
at Hussenitz, Hussinatz, or Hussinecz in Bohe-
mia. I shall be glad of the derivation of the name
Calvin or Cauvin. I fancy it may be from O. G.
culf-win, for MUf-win, which would either translate
" a helping friend " or " a help in war." The O.
G. Mlf liillf, changes, not only into celf, elf, olf,
ulf, and wolf, but also into chilp. As a, final, it
takes the form of gehillf which corrnpts into culf
and calfj^ R. S. Chaknock.

DR. JOHN ANDERSON.

(2'>'' S. vii. 435. ; viii. 255. 358.)
I am glad your correspondent, Sigma Theta,
has, in addition to my meagre reply to his Query

516

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°a S. VHi. Dec. 24. '69,

about Rev. John Anderson, received from Mb.
Irving (2°* S. viii. 358.) so much interesting
matter on the subject. By way of increasing, and
it may be supposed completing the subject, I now
send you all I have noted, as I have hunted up
all my memoranda. Mb. Irving will find the cor-
rection of my supposition as to Mr. Anderson's
being presented to a parish by Montrose. The
Rev. John Anderson was born in Edinburgh on
the 10th of January, 1670 (in a house in the
Cannongate, I believe) ; he was educated in the
Cannongate School, was chosen one of the mas-
ters of the school about 1692. He was elected
head master of the Grammar School in South
Leith in 1693. He was chosen by the Lord
Provost and magistrates of Edinburgh as one of
the classical teachers of the High School of Edin-
burgh in 1695. He became private tutor, or, as
he is phrased on his monument, "Preceptor to the
famous Duke of Argyle and Greenwich," some-
where about 1696 it is probable. It has been said
that he was also, in 1697, private tutor to the no
less celebrated James Duke of Montrose, and
was instrumental in saving his life on one occa-
sion, but of this there is no record. In 1698, he
was ordained parish clergyman of Dumbarton.
In 1711, he received a call from the parish of
Dundonald, and a presentation thereto from Lord
Cochrane, but declined. In 1713 he received a
presentation to the parish of East Kilbride from
the Duke of Montrose, which he also declined.
In 1718 he was removed to the west parish of
Glasgow ; and at his house in Glasgow, on the
1 9th of February, 1721, "at half past 5 o'clock in
the morning," he breathed his last. On the 22nd
of February his body was interred in the church-
yard attached to the north-west parish church, at
the head of the Candleriggs in Glasgow, where it
now lies. Shortly afterwards a monument to his
memory was placed in the church, I believe by
his son. When the old church (known, I never
could discover lohy, in common parlance as the
Ramshorn Kirk,) was demolished, the monument
was removed and placed in the wall of the new
church (built on the same site) by Professor John
Anderson, the grandson of the Rev. John Ander-
son. On the death of Prof. John Anderson, in
1796, he was buried beside his grandfather ; and
six months after his interment, the present monu-
ment, containing the epitaph of grandfather and
grandson, was put into the outside wall of the
church (now known as St. David's), the former
stone having probably decayed and become illegi-
ble. The enclosed copy (by the Session Clerk
Dep. of St. David's) of the inscription on the pre-
sent monument, obtained through the courtesy of
the pastor, Robt. Paton, D.D., completes, I think,
all that is ever likely to be forthcoming as to the
life and labours of John Anderson. Mr. Irving
will see that Samuel Royse's " Verses " fixed the

date of the death : short, indeed, was Mr. Ander-
son's tenure of the north-west parish of Glasgow,
and his life must have been embittered by the
contenrion preceding his removal to Glasgow.
The date of the removal is some two years
earlier than Mr. Irving states it, 1718 instead
of 1720 (which is correct ?). I presume be-
fore the 1715 "row" Montrose and Argyll were
on fair terms ; and it is by no means impos-
sible that Anderson was tutor to both, and
that both gave him a helping hand. And it is
worth noting, as an instance to add to those al-
ready noted in " N. & Q." of " Remote Events
through few Links," that John Anderson, though
only fifty-one years of age at his' death, was born
in the reign of Charles II., and lived in the reigns
of James II., William and Mary, Anne, and
George I.

I trust you will excuse the length of this, and
insert the copy of the inscription in " N. & Q.," as
it is a point settled and final, so far as this matter
is concerned, from C. D. Lamont.

Paris, 94. Rue de Lourcine.

" Near this place lie
The remains of the
Rev. John Andeuson,
Who was Preceptor to the famous Duke of Argyle and
Greenwich, and Minister of the Gospel in Dumbarton, in
the beginning of the Eighteenth Century, — and, in this
Church, in ike year 1720. He was the Author of the
Defence of the Church Government, Faith, Worship, and
Spirit of the Presbyterians; and of several other Eccle-
siastical and Political Tracts. As a pious Minister, an
eloquent Preacher, a Defender of Civil and Religious
Liberty, and a Man of Wit and Learning, he was much
esteemed. He lived in the reigns of Charles II., James
II., William III., Ann, and George I. Such times, and
such a Man, forget not Reader, while thy Country, Li-
berty, and Religion are dear to thee.

" Mingled with the dust of the above-mentioned Mr.
John Anderson, is that of his Grandson Mr. John Ander-
son, who died on the 13th of January in the year 1796,
in the Seventieth year of his age, and Fort}''-first of his
Professorship. The Eldest Son of Mr. Anderson, who
was Minister in this Church, was the Reverend James
Anderson, who was Minister in Roseneath, and his Eldest
Son was the above-mentioned Mr. John Anderson, who was
Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of
Glasgow and the Founder of an Institution in the City
of Glasgow for Lectures in Natural Philosophy, and in
every branch of Knowledge.

« Erected July 1796."
The above is copied from a tablet on the out-
side of the wall of St. David's church, Glasgow.

"dOMXNUS EEGNAVIT A LIGNO."

(2"<» S. viii. 470.)

If B. H. C. will consult "S. Bible en Latin et
en Fran9ois, avec des Notes tirees de Calmet.
De Vence," &c. vol. vii. p. 283. (edit. Paris, 1770,
in 17 vols. 4to.), he will find an excellent disser-

2"* S. VIII. Dec. 24. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

517

tation " sur ces paroles du Paeaume xcv. v. 10.,
' Dominus regnavit a ligno.' " The question is
argued at length, Whether those words were
omitted by the Jews or added by the Christians.
In closing a long controversy on the subject, the
editor is of opinion that those words were origi-
nally written in the margin by way of annotation,
and inserted in the text by some copyist.

The following collations may assist B. H. C. : —

De Lyjra, Alia litera. Regnavit "k ligno.

Quincuplex Psalterium, Regnavit \ ligno is in
the text of the versions called " Romanum," fo.
144., and Vetus, fo. 269., Paris. H. Stephens, 1509.

Polyglot Psalter, P. P. Porrus, 1516, marginal
note, " Quod legit in Romana psalmodia," "reg-
nauit a ligno Deus, non est de hebraica ueritate
sed Christiana deuotione ut arbitror additum."

Le Fevre, in his first French version from the
Vulgate, 1530, " Le Seigneur dieu a regne." It
is the same in the "Bible Historiee," 1487, by
Verard.

I have examined ten fine MS. Vulgate Bibles,
and two beautiful Psalters in my library, but can-
not discover the words " \ ligno " in any of them.

George Offok.

Hackney.

The interpolation ^^ a ligno'" may well be termed
" celeberrimum additamentum" (De Rossi, Var.
Led. V. T.) ; for few various readings have ex-
cited more earnest discussion amongst mediaeval
critics.

1. Of the questions proposed by your corre-
spondent, the first is, "What account can be
given of the introduction of the words d ligno, as
part of the sacred record" (Dominus regnavit
a ligno, Ps. xcv. 10., Heb. and Eng. xcvi. 10.) ?
Le Moyne has suggested that the Hebrew word
in Gi*eek characters, ixets (of old, or from eter-
nity), was mistaken for fleers (a ligno), and that
thus the reading a ligno crept in. This expla-
nation has been pooh-pooh'd ; but it really seems
to be the simplest way of accounting for the
blunder. Thus in Psalm xciii. 2. we read the
parallel passage, " Thy throne is established of
old " (flies), where " Thy throne is established a
ligno " might be easily substituted.

2. Who is the earliest Father who quoted in
this form (d ligno) ? The words are found in
TertuMisin, Adv. Marc. cap. xix,, "Age nunc, si
legisti penes David (Ps. xcv. 10.), Dominus reg-
navit a ligno;" also Adv. Jud. cap. x., and cf.
cap. xiii. They occur, too, in Justin Martyr
(Dial, cum Try ph., ed. Thirl by, pp. 294-5.) who
taxes the Jews with suppressing them ! Elpijixtvov
yap Tov \6yov, EtnaTe iv toIs fOveffiy, 6 Kvptos iSaai-
\evaep a/jrh tov ^v\ov, apriKav, ElfiraTe iv ToTy ^Qf^ffiv, 6
Kvpios i§a(Ti\evj-ev. And, what is still more re-
markable, the reading appears to be recognised in
the epistle attributed to S. Barnabas : on ^ /8a«rt-

\eta TOV 'Ir/eroO iirl r§ ^v\<fi. (S.S. Pat. Apost. Op.
Gen., 1746, L 36.)

3. The Vulgate has simply " Dicite in Gen-
tibus, quia Dominus regnavit." But the Versio
Antiqua, which is supposed to have been made in
the first century of the Christian aera, has " Dicite
in Gentibus, Dominus regnavit d ligno."

How shall we account for the very early ap-
pearance of the reading a ligno? Perhaps we
must come to Cassiodorus, who, writing in the
sixth century, says, " A ligno alii quidem non
habent translatores ; sed nobis sufficit quod Sep-
TUAGiNTA Inteepketom auctoritate firmatum est."
(Ed. Migne, vol. ii. col. 680.) Possibly then there
still existed, at the period when Cassiodorus wrote,
some copies or copy of the LXX. which counte-
nanced the old reading a ligno. Yet could any
such copy be authentic ?

De Rossi says that the reading is confirmed by
the " Psalterium Grcecum Veronense." Is anything
now known of this Greek Psalter ?

Thomas Bots.

It appears that these words are a translation
of the original text of the Septuagint ; and as the
Latin Church, until the time of St. Jerome, used
no versions of the H. Scriptures but those trans-
lated from the Septuagint, the adoption of the text
above quoted by the ancient Latin Fathers can
be accounted for. The Septuagint, indeed, as we
now have it, gives only the words 'O Kvpios i§affi-
Xfv(re' but the text, it seems, is incomplete. Per-
haps the following commentary by Tirinus will
satisfy your correspondent ; it is, though short,
comprehensive, and meets, as far as it goes, all his
three Queries : —

" Dominus regnavit^ scilicet ci ligno ; et licet hoc non
sit in Hebraeo, tamea addiderunt LXX Spiritu proplietico
plusquam 200 annis ante adventum Christi: et veteres
Patrea sic legerunt, Justinus Martyr, TertuUiaaus, Cy-
prianus, Lactantius, Arnobius, Augustinus, Cassiodorus,
et Psalterium vetus Romanum et Gothicum. Ex nostris
LXX interpretum exemplaribus id sustulerunt Judsei,
asmuli Crucis Cliristi (inquit Justinus contra Typhon.)
vel alii quidam scioli, cum id in Hebraeo non reperirent.
Sensus ergo est,- quod Claristus, non vi et armis, non etiara
sanguinis successione, aut publica universi electione, con-
sequetur regnum suum, sed a ligno, id est, per et post lig-
num, seu merito mortis sute in ligno Crucis toleratae."

The idea, moreover, was familiar to the primi-
tive church, as is evident from the ancient litur-
gies. Thus, down to the present day, the Catholic
chui'ch in the very ancient Preface appointed to
be sung during the time of the Passion, thus ad-
dresses the heavenly Father : —

" Qui salutem humani generis in ligno Crucis consti-
tuisti ; ut unde mors oriebatur, inde vita resurgeret ; et
qui in ligno vincebat, in ligno quoque vinceretur per
Christum Dominum nostrum,"

I should like also to quote some beautiful pas-
sages to the same effect from the ancient Sacra-
mentarium Gallicanum, QditQd by Mabillon in his

518

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. Dec. 24, '69.

Museum Italiciim, but I am unwilling to encroach
on your space.

In fine, it is the idea of St. Paul, Colossians, c.
ii. vers. 14 and 15. John Williams.

Arno's Court.

The hymn " Vexilla Regis " is incorrectly
printed in this Query. The second line should be
" David fideli (not fidelis) carmine." And now to
the three Queries of B. H. C.

1. The introduction of the words a ligno will
be accounted for by the answer to the following
Query.

2. The earliest Father who refers to the expres-
sion is a very early one indeed, St. Justin, who
was martyred in the year 167. In his dialogue
with the Jew Trypho, he complains of the Jews
having removed the words a ligno from the
Psalm xcv. 10., leaving only the words Dovii-
nus regnavit. Koi curb rod ivfvriKocrTov wff^irTov
'VaAfj.ov Twv Sta Aa§l5 Aexflei'TWj' Xoywv, \4^ns ffpci-
Xf^as acpeiKoyTO ravrus, Airb rod ^vAov, lo this
Tryphon made no other answer than : " Whether,
as you assert, the princes of the people have taken
away any thing from the Scriptures, God knows."

3. It does not appear that any MSS. of the
Latin Vulgate now existing contain the words a
ligno, but the Fathers Tertullian, Lactantius, and
others, read them ih copies extant in their time ;
and the words were so well known and generally
received, that the Church retained them in the
divine office, and Fortunatus in the sixth cen-
tury introduced them into his hymn, Vexilla
~ F. C. H.

HENRY LORD POEB.

(2"<» S. viii. 378.)

In replying to Abhba's inquiry, which I have
only just seen in " N. & Q.," I believe I have
already answered it on a personal application ; as,
however, repeating the information here affords
to an author an opportunity for the puff direct, I
must not miss it. Richard Poer, Viscount Decies
and Earl of Tyrone by creation of 1673, ranked
as Colonel of Infantry on that Army List of King
James the Second, the enlarged edition of which
shall be put to the press next month, not for ge-
neral sale, but for the subscribers only.

This John, the first earl, died immediately after
the fall of Limerick, as did John, his son, second
earl, in 1693, unmarried; when the honours de-
volved upon his brother ! James, who, having mar-
ried, died in 1703, leaving a daughter his only
issue : the earldom consequently became extinct
in that line. The daughter. Lady Catherine
Poer, married in 1717, Sir Marcus Beresford, who
was subsequently created Earl of Tyrone, and for-
ther raised in the peerage, in 1789, to the Marqui-
s*te of Waterford,

In 1703, the year of Earl James's death, a peti-
tion was presented to Queen Anne, as from John
Power, " commonly called Lord Power," who had
been Mayor of Limerick during the celebrated
siege, but was then an exile in France, setting
forth sundry matters to vacate an outlawry. The
Henry Power, of whom Abhba inquires, appears
to have been son of this John, and he actually
claimed the estates of Curraghmore, &c., against
Sir Marcus Beresford, as that he, the claimant,
was the next heir male of Lady Catherine's father.
The attempt was, however, denounced by the
Irish Ilouse of Commons as " bold and dangerous."
In the Civil Establishment of 1727, the name of
this Henry Power, as " commonly called Lord
Power," appears for a pension of 550Z. per ann.
He died in 1742, and was buried at Ringsend as
stated by Abhba.

I cannot resign the place to which Abhba's
Query has called me without adding, that besides
Colonel Richard, the Earl, John Power was a
Lieut.-Colonel in Lord Kilmallock's Infantry.
Four peers were colonels of the regiments of
horse, two of the dragoons, and eighteen of the
infantry ; while the captains and subalterns of all
the force were no less distinguished in rank and
respectability. Lord Macaulay, in his recently
published History (vol. iii. pp. 155. and 418.), has
described the officers of this service as ^'■coblers,
tailors, but$hers, footmen," 8fc. My monster volume
(1500 pages) will have memoirs or notices o^ each
of these adherents of the Stuarts, and I confidently
rely that his lordship cannot discover one as of
the ranks to which he would lower them ; what-
ever trades or occupations the attainders and con-
fiscations of that civil war may have forced them
into. Dean Swift gives sad testimony to their de-
cadence in the time of Queen Anne.

John D'Alton.

48. Summer Hill, Dublin.

As the inquiry of Abhba has failed to elicit any
information with regard to the personage called
Henry Lord Power, I may perhaps be permitted
to call his attention to the following fact. To-
wards the end of the last century Baron Power, a
distinguished judge on the Irish Bench, and
Usher to the Court of Chancery, received an
order to appear in court to answer certain charges
made against him in reference to the contest be-
tween the Duke of Chandos and his tenants. The
baron refused or rather hesitated to obey this
order, which had been issued by Lord Chancellor
Fitzgibbon, alleging his station as a judge, and
his holding a seat with the Chancellor in the Ex-
chequer, as reasons for his refusal. The Chancel-
lor was, however, peremptory in his order, and
fixed, a certain day on which Baron Power should
appear in court. The baron brooded over this,
and some days before the time fixed for his trial

2»"» S. VIII. Dkc. 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

519

went out as if for a ride, and proceeding to the
end of the South Wall, one of the piers of the harbour
of Dublin, committed suicide by drowning himself.
His body was picked up on the Strand below
Ringsend, and was probably buried in the chapel
of that village. Might not this Baron Power,
found drowned close to Ringsend, be the person-
age known to Abhba as Lord Power who was
buried in Ringsend church ?

C. Le Poee Kennedt.
St. Albans.

SKELMUFEKY.

(2"-^ S. viii. 431.)
The title of the book is : —
_ " SchelmufFskys wahrhaftige curiose und sehr gefahr-
liclie Reisebeschreibung zu Wasser und Lande, erster
Theil, und zwar die allervollcommeneste und accurateste
I'Mition, in hochdeutscher Frau Mutter Sprache, eigen-
haftig und sehr artig an den Tag gegeben, von E. S.
gedruckt in Schelmerode in diesera Jahr." 8vo. pp. 160.

The second part is : " Gedruckt in Padua eine
halbe Stunde von Rom, bey Peter Marteau, in
diesem Jahr," pp. 104.

There may be a covert satire in this book which
the King of Prussia found out, though to me it
seems extravagant and pointless. I supposed
that tbe fictitious places, date, and printer were
traps, as our disreputable booksellers fold over
the most decent part of a loose frontispiece, and I
almost suspect that the note about the author's
imprisonment was a pufl' collusive of an unsale-
able work. I have not seen the translation, but
" thrice deceived " in the poem shows that a third
part was published as promised at p. 84. of the
second. I have a copy which contains only the
first and second. At the end of the second is a
copious index to both.

The "nosing" of John de Bart occurred, as
Schelmuffsky, on board a Spanish ship, was
chased by the great corsair (caper) Hans Barth.
The Spaniards would not fight : —

"Ich war nun mit meinem vortreflichen Hau-Degen
welches ein RUckenstreicher war, auch nicht langsam
heraus und liber die Capers mit her. Da hatte man sollen
schon hauen und fechten sehen, wie ich auf die Kerl
hinein hieb, den Hans Barthe sebelte ich derTebelhol-
mer ein StUcke von seiner grossen Nase weg, dass er weit
in die See hinein flog, und wird die Stunde noch bey ihm
zu sehen seyn, dass er eine strumpfHgte Nase hat," i. 147.

He killed fifteen corsairs, but, being unsup-
ported, was taken prisoner and carried into St.
Malo, whence, after much suffering, he got back
to his mother, "ragged and dirty " (i. 160.).

His visit to the Great Mogul is told at i. 119.

On landing in India he inquired for the Great
Mogul, and was directed to the residence at Agra
about a league off {eine Stunde hin). He was well
received, pressed to stay, and on departing the
Great Mogul's portrait was hung by a golden
chain round his neck.

In the second part he tells how he visited Ve-
nice, Rome, and other places to the great increase
of his importance; but in passing through the
Black Forest he was robbed and stripped, and so
obliged to beg his way home again, " ragged and
dirty" (ii. 84.).

Returning from India Schelmuffsky visited
London, and put up at " The Alamode Topfer's,"
near the gate. He staid in England three years ;
Lord Toffel's daughter fell in love with him ;
and he saw Jacob's stone, and an axe which had
cut off the heads of many great persons, whose
names he could not remember.

In Rome he kissed the Pope's toe, of which he
speaks in a very Protestant manner. Hearing
that Hans Barth was off the mouth of the Tyber,
where he had robbed a fishing-vessel (^Drech-
schute) of forty tons of herrings, Schelmuffsky
took the command of the ship, attacked Hans
Barth, and held him under water by the ears till
he was almost drowned and his ship emptied ;
and afterwards wrote an epigram upon him which
seems less punishing than the ducking.

This is enough to show that the book which I
have described is that to which the author of The
Republic refers ; but there are chronological difli-
culties in the way of its having given offence to
the King of Prussia. The paper and print look
old," but that is no certain test in German books.
I do not find any direct means of fixing the
date; but at ii. 83. is a letter from Schelmuffsky's
mother dated "Schelmerode, 1 Januari, 1621."
Prussia was made a kingdom in 1700. Jean Bart
was born in 1651, and died in 1702.

Possibly a modernised edition may have been
published, and the translation made from it.
Having answered F.'s Quei-y as far as my means
allow, I shall be much pleased if any other corre-
spondent of " N. & Q." can supply what is want-
ing, especially the date of any editions of the ori-
ginal, and of the translation. Fitzhopkins.

Garrick Club.

The epigram on Hans Barth is : —

" Es mag der Rauber Barth mit seinen Capers prangen,
Wie er auf wilder Fluth viel Beute sich gemacht,
So wird er doch den Rubra bei weiten nicht erlangen,
Als wie durch Reisen es Schelmuffsky hoch gebrachL"

DE. HEWETT S SON.

(2°'' S. viii. 391. 455.)

I have much pleasure in responding to Mb.
Denton's request concerning the family of Dr.
John Hewytt, although I am surprised at none of
your correspondents having mentioned the fol-
lowing works as containing notices of this divine :
Winstanley's Loyal Martyrologia (ed. 1665),
Lloyd's Mejnoires, and Lloyd's State Worthies.

520

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2"4 S. VIII. Dec. 24. '69.

The first of these works contains his portrait,
as does also a broadside entitled State Martyro-
logy, published May 23, 1660.

It appears he was of a Norfolk family, was
educated at Cambridge, and became chaplain to
the Earl of Lindsay, whose sister he married.
The notorious Frontless Lisle condemned him,
and he was executed June 8, 1658. His widow
after his decease married Sir Abraham Shipman.

A letter signed S. Moreland, dated Whitehall,
27 May, 1658, states:—

" Our high Court of Justice sits to-morrow upon one
Dr. Huet, a notorious Cavaleer, but those who should be
the greatest evidences against him are lately broke out of
prison."

I have a memorandum that Marvell's State
Poemn also contain some allusions to him.

In the State Paper Office there are extant two
petitions of John Hewytt, who calls himself " the
sole surviving son and child of the late murthered
John Hewytt, Doctor in Divinity," written pro-
bably about four or five years after the Restoration,
as he alludes to a grant of a pension of lOOZ. made
him by the king " about four years since." He
sets forth therein that he was put to considerable
charges in soliciting the same, for which, being in
indigent circumstances, he had to rely upon his
friends. Having nothing to depend upon but
the said pension, of the which no part has been yet
received, and being encumbered with a wife and
two small children, he admits that he is greatly
in debt, and desires payment of the same, with
arrears, as he wants to return the borrowed
money. There is also a petition of the son of
the above (grandson to Dr. John Hewytt), who
styles himself John Hewytt, student, in which he
alludes to the sufferings of his grandfather under
the Usurper. It further shows that his parents
are dead, and that he has no means to go on with
his university studies. He craves therefore " some
peice of charitable benevolence towards y* pre-
. sent releiving of his necessities, settling and main-
tenance of him at the university."

I think it highly probable that I may be in a
position to furnish some additional matter in a
future number of " N. & Q." Cl. Hopper.

I believe the following information, which I have
gleaned from the Records of the Exchequer and of
the Treasury, will furnish some answer to the in-
quiry of the Rev. William Denton relative to
the son of Dr. Hewet mentioned in " N. & Q."
Dr. Barwick, in 1660, presents a petition, praying,
among other things, that " the fatherless son " of
Dr. Hewett's widow might have some place given
him : soon after this, viz. on the 19th February,
13 Car. II., letters patent were issued whereby
the king, " in consideracon of the faithful! ser-
vice to us done and pformed by John Hewyt,
Doctor in Divinity, deceased, and for other con-

sideracons " granted to " o' welbeloved sub-
ject John Hewyt, sonn of the said Doctor John
Hewyt, deceased," an annuity of lOOZ. per annum
for his life. {Exchequer Records ; Pell's Patent
Book, No. 13. p. 140.)

Some few years after the date of this patent,
the payments of Hewytt's pension would appear
to have been suspended for some reason that I
cannot discover ; for on consulting the Minute
Books of H. M. Treasury, I find these entries : —

" Tuesday 26 Nov. 1667. Son of D'". Hewit, to be
payd — a warr*."

" Wednesday, 7 October, 1668. John Hewit's Peticon
to be moved in Councell to pay him lOQi', & that his
Pension may be p'^ for y« future."

The Issue Books of the Exchequer would show
all the payments of the pension, and how long
they continued. William Henry Hart.

Folkestone House, Roupell Park,
Streatham.

Arithmetical Notation (2°^ S. viii. 411.460.).— In
the MS. from which the extract thus headed was
transcribed, it is perfectly clear that the word
compotus is not a contraction of compositus, nor of
anything else. It is extremely improbabTfe that
so serious a mistake as the substitution of an un-
extended for an extended form in a professedly ex-
tended transcript of a cleai-ly- written MS. should
have been made by any person possessing even
the most elementary acquaintance with palaeo-
graphy, and a second reference to the MS. has
perfectly satisfied me that no such mistake has been
committed by me. The same remarks apply to the
word computa, which commences the extract ; it is
decidedly not a contracted form of any other word
in the present instance. But for the assertion of
Professor De Morgan, whose authority in these
matters is deservedly very high, I should have
been inclined to think that compottus, or some
such form, would have been a much more probable
MS. contraction of compositus than compotus with-
out any mark of abbreviation.

With regard to the meaning of compotus, which
is perhaps a corruption o{ computus, a very common
interpretation, common enough indeed to be called
the usual meaning, is " an account of money."

H. F.

Mr. Willett, Pictures purchased by, Sfc. (2°^ S.
viii. 308. 337. 443.) — It may be interesting to
your correspondents, as above, to be furnished with
some authentic particulars on the points adverted
to by them.

Ralph Willett died at Merly House in January,
1795, and was succeeded by his paternal cousin
John Willett Adye (afterwards styled J. W. Wil-
lett, whose town residence was in Grosvenor

2«<& VIII.Dkc.24.'69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

531

Square). The collection of pictures (containing
specimens originally purchased out of the Orleans
Gallery, one or more of which are now in the Na-
tional Collection) was disposed of by auction by
Peter Coxe & Co. on 31st May, 1813, and two
following days. A priced catalogue in my pos-
session has the following autograph mem. : " This
catalogue was made by me Geo. Stanley." One
or two of the pictures were bought in ; amongst
them a very fine specimen of Paul Potter, origi-
nally purchased in Holland by Ralph Willett.
The fine library was sold about the same time by
Leigh and Sotheby & Co. (Dec. 6, 1813.)

The second surviving son of J. W. Willett, viz.
Henry Ralph Willett, died in the Albany exactly
two years ago. His valuable collection of coins
were, as I have heard, disposed of about the year
1826. He left, however, at his death a few cabi-
nets of miscellaneous coins, including a complete
assortment of Pope's medals, which fetched high
prices at Sotheby's on April 24, 1858. He seems
to have shown much judgment in forming a col-
lection of pictures, the whole of which are now at
Merly, embracing about twenty-six pictures and
sketches by Hogarth, two specimens of Albert
Durer, together with the fine Paul Potter above-
named.

WiLLKTT L. AdTE.

Merly House, Dorset

William Andrew Price (2"* S. ii. 466. ; viii.
379.) — Although Glwtsig failed to obtain replies
to his former Queries as to the above, if J. F. C.
will communicate his private address to Glwtsig,
with his Queries, very probably Glwtsig may
be able to furnish some replies to J. F. C, and
be the means of some correspondence thereon.

Glwtsig.
Glannant y Llan, Llanflfwyst,
Abergavenny.

Malabar Jews (2"^ S. iv. 429.; viii. 232. 418.)
— Mb. J. H. Van Lennep, to his reply (2"'* S. viii.
418.) adds an extract from the Literary Gazette
for 1832 on " The Jews of Thibet." The fol-
lowing is from Baron Haxenthausen's Tribes of
the Caucasus.

" The Ancient or Black Jews are scattered over the in-
terior of Asia from China to the Caspian Sea ; but their
chief seat is at Bokhara, where they reside in great num-
bers, having a mysterious political organisation under
native princes. There is hardly any doubt of their being
descendants of the lost ten tribes."

Whether there is any ground for the baron's
theory respecting the lost ten tribes or not, I
should think it extremely probable that Malabar
had at some time been colonised by the Jews of
Asia. G. W. P.

Triforium (2''-^ S. iv. 269.) — I do not know
whether the correspondents of " N. & Q." who
have written articles in elucidation of this refrac-

tory word, are aware that it appears in some old
writers, bearing a sense manifestly different from,
though possibly connected with that to which their
articles refer. In Warton's History of English
Poetry, vol. ii. p. 432. (1824 edition), an extract
from La Lai du Corn is given. It commences
thus : —

" . . . Un dauncel

Mout avenaunt et bel,

Seur un cheval corant,

En palleis vint craunt.

En sa main tint un Cor

A quatre bendel de or,

Ci com etoit diveure

Entaillez de ad trifure."

Thus translated : — "He bore in his hand a
horn having four bandages of gold ; it was made
of ivory, engraved with trifoire." In explanation
of trifoire, the editor supplies the following note :

" Or rather trifore, undoubtedly from the Latin tri-
forium, a rich ornamented edge or border. The Latin
often occurs, under Dugdale's Inventory of St. Paul's, in
the Monasticon, namely ' Morsus (a buckle) W. de Ely,
argenteus, cresta ejus argentea, cum triforio exterius
aureo et lapillis insitis, &c.' (Tom. iii. Eccl. Cath. p.
309.") •

The note continues, but as it is to the same
effect, and as Warton's book is readily met with,
I need not give more than the above. I confess
I do not see how it explains the triforium in
question. The correspondents of " N. & Q."
may discern a connexion, though I cannot. J. P.

Francis Pole (2"* S. viii. 451.) — This gentle-
man served the office of sheriff" for Derbyshire
in 1707, and a pedigree in Glover's Derbyshire
states that he died in 1758, aged seventy-two,
" one of the greatest book-collectors of his time ; "
but the year is certainly wrong, for I have before
me a document dated 1 Feb. 1750, in which he is
mentioned as then deceased. Probably a refer-
ence to the Gentleman^ s Magazine for 1748 or 9
might satisfy W. J. P.'s curiosity'; but I cannot
think Mr. Pole deserves the name applied to him,
from the circumstance of a mastiff's collar being
found upon the premises of a house of ill repute
more than a century after his death. W. St.

Owenson the Player (2°^ S. viii. 416.) —

" Lady Morgan's father, Owenson, was the favourite
Pan of the Irish stage, and he performed it with great
applause so late as 1807."

So says the writer of some remarks on Kane
O'Hara's Midas, prefixed to the copy of that bur-
letta contained in Cumberland's British Theatre.

W. H. Husk.

Ephemeral Literature (2°^ S. viii. 131. 196.) —
The author of the essays inquired after by J. J.
does not live where pointed out by Ma. Septimus
PiESSE, but the former may obtain all required
information by addressing as below. J. C. F.

3. Myrtle Street, Queen's Road, Dalston.

522

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2" S. VIII. Dec. 24. '59.

The Battiscomhe Family (2°^ S. viii. 453.) —
Writing from memory, away from books and
papers, I yet think I can safely inform Me. A. S.
Ellis, that Christopher Battiscombe had a brother
Peter, who was M.P. for either Lyme or Bridport.
The property of Vere Wotton, and some other
property in Dorsetshire, passed (upon Peter Bat-
tiscombe's death) to a Mrs. Sansom, who was
probably also one of the Battiscombe family.
Who this lady's husband was, I am uncertain ;
but in the Bury accounts, preserved among the
Gough MSS., a family of the name of Sansom (or
Sampson) is frequently mentioned, as having
charge of the sequestration of the tithes of Sher-
borne Abbey, and other property belonging to
the Earl of Bristol. Thomas Sansom also appears
to have taken some part in the siege of Sherborne
Castle. They probably lived at a place (still
called after their name) in the parish of Milborne
Port. There was also a Thomas Sampson, who
gave evidence in the Tyrone rebellion, who was a
native of Sherborne. If the Battiscombe pro-
perty did not pass to a member of this Milborne
Port family, it is possible the lady may have
married into a family of the same name at Coly-
ton in Devonshire, of whom some account may
be found in Sir W. Pole's MSS., and who may be
conjectured to be another branch of the same
family. B. S. J.

Meaning of the Word " End " as applied to
Places (2"'> S. viii. 432.) — In Hampshire on the
borders of Berks is the extensive and picturesque
parish of East Woodhay, with a very scattered
population. Portions of the parish are known by
the names of East-End, North-End, Heath-End,
Highclere-End, &c., according to their situation ;
the first being east, and the second north, of the
ancient village of Wydhey (now called Wood-
■ hay) ; Heath-End, that part on or near the Heath,
and Highclere-End that part adjoining the parish
ofHighclere. W. H. W. T.

Imitation of Claudian (2°'* S. viii. 495.) — This
is the imitation of part only of the beautiful
second epigram, " The Old Man of Verona." The
lines alluded to are 9 — 12 : —

"... vicinae nescius urbis,
Adspectu fruitur liberiore poli.
Frugibus altemis, non consule, computat amium ;
Autumnum pomis, ver sibi flore notat."

A. A.
Poets' Corner,

Plough (2"'' S. viii. 431.) — Your correspondent
J. G-. L. B., after stating that in the Civil Wars
Lord Feversham commanded the constables of
Butleigh to provide a number of ploughs for the
conveyance of ammunition, adds that in Somer-
setshire waggons are still vulgarly called ploughs ;
and then asks, " Is this use of the word general,
and how did it originate ? "

I should gather from J. G. L. B.'s own words,
that it is not general even in Somersetshire ;
and certainly it is not general elsewhere.

But in old times the words were synonymous.
Caruca, which is the Latin for a cart or carriage,
is also the law-Latin for a plough : " (Fr. charrue),
from the old Gallic ca7-r, which is the present
Irish word for any sort of wheeled carriage ;
hence charl and car, a plowman or rustic " (vide
Tomlins iii loco) ; and a carucate, a plough land,
comprehended as " great a portion of land as
might be tilled in a year and a day by one
plough." (Ibid.) And in \hQ Synonymorum Sylva,
rendered from the Belgic language into English
by H. F., and printed at London, " apud Johan-
nem Billium, 1627," under the term " to plow,"
the reader is referred to " to carte.'" P. H. F.

Passage in Grotius (2"<* S. viii. 453.) — The
writer of a very able review of Mr. Emerson's
" Representative Men " in the British Quartei-ly
Review for May, 1850, has made the following
observations upon the passage - in Emerson to
which your correspondent refers : —

" It is no disparagement of Mr. Emerson's learning to
remark iu passing that the notion which he derives from
Grotius of the selections in the petitions in the Lord's
Pra3'er from the Rabbinical forms iu use in the time of
Christ, is one of those fancies which melt away before the
light of larger information. The simple truth is that
there is a casual resemblance between the address, ' Our
Father,' with the first two petitions and some miscel-.
laneous passages industriously fished up from the Talmud
and the Book Sohar, but the closest resemblances are found
in Jewish prayers which are not older than the middle
ages."

It is no mean argument, upon this question,
that the Jews themselves have never made any
claim which clashes with the general notion of
the originality of the Lord's Prayer. H. C. C.

William Marshall (2"« S. viii. 431.) — Some
account of William Marshall (engraver) and his
works will be found in pages 74 — 78. of the fifth
vol. of Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, §-c. by
Dallaway, 5 vols. 8vo. London, 1828, and also in
Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers,

W. H. W. T.

Stratford Family (2'"» S. viii. 376. 477.) — Dr.
William Stratford, Commissary of the Archdea-
conry of Richmond, was born at Northampton in
1679, and was the nephew of Dr. Nicholas Strat-
ford, Bishop of Chester. At an early period of
his life the bishop seems to have adopted and be-
friended him, and afterwards made him his secre-
tary, in which office he was continued by Bishops
Dawes and Gastrell. His relationship to Lord
Hardwicke was perhaps not very close, nor are
any members of that family mentioned amongst
his numerous legatees. Philip Yorke of Dover,
attorney-at-law (father of the Lord Chancellor),
married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Richard

2°* S. VIII. Dkc, 24. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

523

Gibbon of Rolvenden, gent., by his wife, Deborah,
daughter of Mr. Stratford. The precise de-
gree of relationship between the commissary and
the last-named lady has not been discovered.
See Notices of Dr. William Stratford in the Rev.
Canon Raines's Introduction to Bishop GastrcWs
Notitia Cestriensis, vol. ii. Part ii. pp. ]iv. et seq.,
printed for the Chetham Society, 4to. 1850. The
editor names having in his possession many of Dr.
Stratford's unpublished letters, a copy of his
funeral sermon, and a privately printed account
of his extensive charities. F.

Death Warrants (2°'* S. viii. 433.)— In answer to
your correspondent I have to state that it was not
the custom for the sovereign to sign death warrants.
Prisoners capitally convicted at the Old Bailey
were reported by the Recorder of London to the
sovereign in council, by whom each case was se-
parately considered, and in those instances where
the sovereign in council could not interfere, the
law was left to take its course, the Recorder after-
wards making out and signing and sealing the
warrant for execution. In all other instances where
the sovereign could interfere, the prisoners were
directed to be transported or imprisoned according
to circumstances.

A Statist is reminded that it is the law which
condemns, but that the sovereign, being the foun-
tain of mercy, can interpose, by the advice of the
council, to save life.

This was the practice prior to 1837, but I have
been informed that when the Queen came to the
throne it was thought desirable to discontinue
these reports, cases sometimes arising that were
unfit to be reported to our youthful Queen.

Should your correspondent wish to see the form
of a death warrant I will furnish him, through
your columns, with a copy of one. J. Speed D,

Sewardstone.

Seals (2"* S. viii. 376.) — The seal referred to
by Aliquis is the corporate seal of the ancient
borough of Hedon in Yorkshire. This seal,
although dated so recently as 1598, is no doubt
a renewal of a seal of a much older date.
The device, a ship, no doubt refers to the period
at which the town was incorporated, temp. Ilenry
II., which is confirmed by the fact that the seal
of the borough of Scarborough has a ship of a
similar form, with the addition of a watch tower;
the borough of Scarborough as well as Hedon
having received its first charter of incorporation
fi'om King Henry II., and this is in all probability
the date of the ancient seal. The legend " H. Ca-
mera Regiss" without doubt means " Hedon Regis
CamerjB," chambers of the king, or, in other words,
a king's port. This might be thought strange in
the present day, were it not clear from well-au-
thenticated evidence that Hedon was, before the
port of Hull was called into existence, a place of

considerable note. Leland, in his account of this
place, says —

" The Towne hath yet greate privileges, with a Maire
and Bailives, but when it had in Edwarde the 3. davea
many good Shippes and rich Merchaunts, now therbe
but a fewe Botes, and no Merchaunts of any Estima-
cion."

Camden also remarks —

" It fell by the nearnesse of Hull, and by the silting up
of the Harbour is so sunk as to have scarce the least
traces of its former splendour."

G. R. P.

Registration without Baptism (2"* S. viii. 469.)
— I* has never been the duty of clergymen of the
Church of England to act as registrars of births.
In some instances perhaps during the Common-
wealth and the Protectorates of Oliver and Richard
Cromwell, the parish minister may have been ap-
pointed also the parish registrar, but the two
offices were quite distinct, and if there are any
instances on record of both being held at the same
time by one person they are very rare. Of course
at any period from the establishment of parish
registers the clergyman has had the power to
make entries therein in addition to those which
he was legally bound to make. It is, therefore, not
at all uncommon, as many of your readers know;
to find events of local importance, such as battles,
floods, and high winds chronicled in their pages.
It is not surprising, therefore, now and then to
find that the minister has complied with the wish
of his dissenting parishioners by registering their
children's births. In most cases, however, the
clergymen have refused this courtesy, to the great
annoyance doubtless of the parents at the time,
and of genealogists at the present day.

I append an extract from the parish register of
Scotter, CO. Lincoln. I have frequently met in
other registers with memoranda of similar pur-
port : —

" 1665. Multi hoc anno in parochia nati sed non bap-
tizati, 'per schismaticam Sacramenti Baptismatis dene-
gationem apud parentes suos ideoq; secundum Eccliao
constitutionem non Registratum.

" Guilielmus Carrington, Rector Ecciiss ibid."

Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

Heraldic Drawings and Engravings (2""* S. viii.
471.) — It is stated in most of the ordinary books
of reference that the tinctures in heraldry were
first indicated by lines in the sixteenth century.
The invention is attributed to an Italian named
Petrasancta. Edward Peacock.

Rijigs, their Uses and Mottoes (2"^ S. viii. 329,)
— The only book on this subject with which I am
acquainted is The Histoivj and Poetry of Finger
Rings, by Charles Edwards, Councillor at Law,
New York; Redfield, 110. 112. Nassau Street, New
York — a most amusing volume, with numerous
illustrations, and containing a vast amount of in-

&U

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>«i S. VIII. Dbc. 24. '69.

formation. The following posies are from rings
in the possession of James Mills, Esq., Norwich,
and may be of interest to Glwysig, and other
readers : —

" My Joyh consisteth in Hope."

" Quies servis nulla."

" I desire to disarne (disarm)."

" Knit in one by Christ alone."

(Love undervalued maj' greater be.)"
This last is on an enamelled gold ring found in the
river Wensum at Norwich. G. W. W. M.

Male and Female Swons (2"^ S. viii. 416.) — J.
F. may like to know that the swans on the Thames,
at Windsor, were, early in the sixteenth century
(Hen. VII.), distinguished as " cocks " and
" hens ; " and later in the same century (Eliza-
beth), as "cobbs" and "hens." See Annals of
Windsor, vol. i. pp. 452, 453. J. E. Davis.

Temple.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

A Dictionary of English Etymology. By Hensleigh
Wedgwood, M.A., late Fellow of Chr. Col. Camb. Vol. I.
A—D. (Triibner & Co.)

Perhaps there are no Queries so frequently started by
men of education, none whieh they are more fond of
hunting out, than those ■which relate to the steps by
which " such and such a word conies to have the meaning
in which it is actually found, what is the earliest source
to which it can be traced, and what are the cognate forms
either in our own or in related languages." The author
of the present work sees the solution of this inquiry in
the principle of imitation — that is, when a word is made
to imitate or represent a sound characteristic of the ob-
ject it is intended to designate ; and he goes on to show
that the expression of ideas like endurance or continu-
ance, and even of silence itself, may be traced to an imi-
tative root ; and thence he argues the possibility of ex-
pressing any other idea on the same principle. Such is
the theory on which the present Dictionary is based, and
which is worked out in the etymologies of the various
words with considerable learning and ingenuity, and we
cannot doubt that the work will take an important place
among books illustrative of English Etymology.

A Manual for Rifle Volunteers : their Duties, Privileges,
Exemptions; The General Volunteer Act; Instructions
for the Formation of Volunteer Rifle Corps, and Model
Rules and Regidations. By A Clerk of Lieutenancy.

Though lovers of peace, or rather we should say be-
cause we are lovers of peace, and rejoice therefore in the
Volunteer Movement as a means to that great end, we
welcome a little volume which will be found especially
useful at this time ; for we have reason to believe that the
author has had peculiar facilities for making his work
complete.

Extensive as was our notice of the various Christmas
Books, or books suited to the season, in our last Number,
there are several to which we have still to direct atten-
tion; among others, Ulf the Minstrel, or the Princess
Diamonduchzy, hy Mr. Brough (Houlston & Wright),
will be a rare favourite with young bo^s. — Longfel-

low's Prose Works, illustrated by Birket Foster (Dean &
Sons), deserves a good word. — To Mr. Bentley we
are indebted for a Second Volume of Tales from Bentley,
and a new edition of the quaint Notes on Noses. — Of
serial works we have to notice Messrs. Longman's
People's Edition of the Poetical Works of Thomas Moore,
Part IX. (7%e Epicurean') ; and from Messrs. Routledge,
Parts VIII. & IX. of Routledge's Illustrated Natural
History, by the Rev. J. J. Wood, which keeps up its cha-
racter as a highly popular and beautifully illustrated
Natural History for all classes. Nor must we omit to
mention Mr. Murray's Shilling and Sixpenny editions of
Childe Harold, as among the marvels of cheap and beau-
tiful books.

We are glad to announce that the curious collection
sold by Puttick & Simpson on Thursday week, entitled
" Bibliographical Recreations, in a Series of Notes relat-
ing to rare and curious Books and Manuscripts extracted
from the Catalogues of Robert Hardipg Evans, Thomas
Evans, and Charles Evans, embodying the experience of
those eminent Auctioneers of Literary Property during
Thirty-five Years devoted to the Study of Bibliography,
collected and arranged by Charles Evans," — and which is
a comprehensive record, in a form most easy for reference,
of the various Literary Treasures which have passed
through the hands of the Messrs. Evans, giving the prices
produced at the auction, and the names of the purchasers,
— was purchased by the British Museum.

In accordance with a wish expressed by the Prince
Consort, when viewing the Archaaological Exhibition
at Aberdeen, and which has been generally concurred in
by the public, the Committee of Management have now
published a Series of Photographs from some of the most
interesting of the Portraits there exhibited. These are
executed by Mr. G. W. Wilson of Aberdeen, and are of
a high class as works of art, while they give an excellent
idea of the originals from which they are taken. We
cannot of course enumerate the subjects of this collection,
which includes three of Mary Queen of Scots ; but when
we consider the number (48), vanet3% and interest of
the Portraits, and the security which Photography gives
for the fidelity with which they are copied, we cannot
doubt that this" patriotic scheme will be attended with
the success it deserves.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO POECHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentleman by whom they are required, and whose name and address
are given below.

1ro.vside*s History and Antiquities of Twickenham. 4to. 1797.
Stbicklako's Queens op Enoland. Vol. I. 8vo. 1853.
OxoNiANA. Only Vol. IV.

Wanted by Mr. J. Yeowell, 13. Myddelton Place, E.C.

Our present number constats chiefly of Replies, as it is obviously de-
sirable that Queries should, as far as possible, be solved in the volume in
which they originally appeared.

G. R. The term Milesians as applied to Irishmen has been discussed in
our I St 8. ill. 343. 428.; iv. 175.j v. 453. 588.

Replies to other correspondents in our next.

Errata. — 2nd 8. viii. p. 11. col. i. line 2. ./or " Vigors " rend"Yi-

gersi" p. 12. col. ii. Hue 18. for" Postes " read " Portes;" p. 51. col. ii.
line U.for " I^egacorry " read" Legacovry; " p. 388. col. ii. line 4. from
bottom/or"Bellevue " read " Bellcove."

** NoTBs AND QuKRiBs" IS published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in Monthly Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies /or
Hix Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half'
uearly Indbx) is Us.Ad., which may be paid by Pott Office Order in
favour of Mehsiis. Beli, and l>ALDy,H6. Fleet Street, E.G.; to whom
all <JouMONIuATlo^s ruR tb« Euitoh should be addressed.

2"'iS. YIII. Dec. 31. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

525

LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31. 1859.

No. 209. — CONTENTS.

NOTES: — Archbishop Lcighton'a Works, 525.

Suakspkariana:— Passage in "Measure for Measure" — Mr. W. H.
Shalcspeare's Sonnets — Portrnit of Shaksneare — Baccare — Fop —
Sliakspearc and Englisli Lexicography — Gallimawfry, Sy.

The Destruction of Kccords during the Revolution, as affecting the
Titles of the French Noblesse.by J. Macray, 528 — Names of Num-
bers, and tlie Hand, iw.

MixoB Notes : — Singular Advertisement— Memoranda concerning
the Seasons — " Familiarity breeds contempt "— Tlie " Breeches " Edi-
tion of Dibdin's " Library Companion " — Cudwortli, 530.

Minor Quebiei : _ Thomas Irson — William Constantine — Irish
Bankrupts _ This Day liiglit Days — William Winstanley — J.
Walker Ord - Gift of Children _ Henry VI.— Webster's Dictionary

— Incorporated Society of British Artists — Heraldic, &c. 531 .

Minor Quehtrs with Answers: — Nodway Money — Phillips's "New
World of Words " — Othobon's " Constitutions " — Clerical Error, 532.

REPLIES : — Napoleon's Escape from Elba, by H. D'Aveney, &c. 532

— The Early Editions of Foxe's Book of Martyrs, by Rev. J. Howard,
■to. 533 — Queutin Bely : Morweg : Laale, 535 — Warren Hastings'
Impeachment,538 — TheGreat Bell of Moscow : Chinese Inventions,
byT. J. Buckton,74.

REPiiES TO Minor Queries : — Precedency — Ancient Keys — Highland
Regiment at the Battle of Leipsie — Herbe d'Or — Old Ballad of Hock -
ley i' til' Hole — " Soul is form and dotli the body make" —Pepys's
Diary, &c. — No Human Speech before the Flood witliout Error —
A Regiment all of one Name —Nelson's Car —Prince Rupert —
Naked-Boy Court — Night — Scotch Clergy deprived in 1689 — Birts-
niorton Court, Worcestershire — Military Funerals, &e., 537.

Notes on Books, Sec.

aatta,

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON's WORKS.

(^Concluded from p. 509.)

In the passages referred to, and in very many
others, Leighton contrasts bare Knowledge with
Love, and shows that in Christianity or True
Philosophy both are reconciled, and united in
Possession of God. In illustration of this, I can-
not refrain from quoting part of a noble " Dis-
course concerning the Love of God," which oc-
curs in that curious Allegorical and Platonical
Romance of Dr. Ingelo's — viz. Bentivolio and
Urania. Third ed. Lond. 1673, folio : —

" Divine Love is the Exaltation of Human Nature to
the top of all possible perfection ; the Soul raised to the
possession of its utmost Felicity. Bj' celestial Love we
receive the fruition of our chief Good. Whilst the Soul
is enamoured with God, it exerciseth its most noble Fa-
culty upon the best Object ...

"Love is admitted to a nearer approach to God than
Knowledge, and by the liberty of that access is demon-
strated to be a more Sacred thing. Knowledge is but a
look upon God at a distance, -which is allowed to such as
are fiir enough removed from all Glory ; but Love is an
Union with Him. Love takes it for its definition, to be
the Union of the 'Lover with the Object loved. Holj'
Love ties up the Life of the Soul in God, with the perfect
Bond of celestial Amity, and it knows no death or de-
struction, but separation from its beloved God, nor can
endure to be absent from Him. And as He alwaies loves
again (for His Love is a great part of His Goodness), or
rather continues His Love, by which this atfectioi^was
first produced in the Soul, the5' cleave together by the
close inhesions of Keciprocal Affection. He that dtvelh in
Love, dwells in God, and He in him, by a mutual inhabita-
tion ; for God is Love. . . .

" But how far short doth Knowledge come of such a
Blisse? Where Knowledge ends, Love begins, perceiv-
ing it hath gone but a little way. What is it barely to

discover that there is such a thing as God? or philoso-
phically to contemplate His natural Perfections? What
am I the richer for understanding that there are Silver
Mines in the Indies? What the Mind understands only
by Knowledge, the Soul enjoys by Love, and so is jnado
happy. . . .

"Love appears to be the Exaltation of Knowledge,
from which, if it were separated, it would be discharged
by Mankind as a thing of no use, or else mischievously
applicable." — Pt. L pp. 161-163.

Cf. also one of the choicest works of a Mind in
many ways very congenial with Leighton's, viz.
A Treatise of Knowledge mid Love Compared. By
Richard Baxter: Lond. 1689, sm. 4to.

Christianity, the True Philosophy, Leighton, vol.
iv. pp. 340. 349. This is the subject of the great
work Coleridge projected and always had in mind.
Thrd Controversy, Philosophy has become Phi'
lology (or, as' we would now say, Logomachy') ;
and Theology has become Morology, iv. 378.; cf. p.
356. I met with the same antithesis the other
day in an old writer, but have lost the reference ;
however. Cotton Mather uses it in his learned
Munductio ad Ministerium, and employs the word
Morosophy as well as Morology. By the Avay, I
may here observe that when Mr. Pearson says
" Leighton never affects a concise sententiousness.
He is perfectly free from that trick of Antithesis,
which hit the vicious taste of the day," p. cl.x. ; it
is true that he has no affected Sententiousness, or
false Antithesis; at the same time it is also true
that Leighton's style is often peculiarly terse and
aphoristic as well as antithetical. Take, for in-
stance, the following beautiful Antithesis : " We
are here inter perilura pe7-ituri ; the things are
passing which we enjoy, and we are passing who
enjoy them," vol. i. p. 41.

Leighton, with all the force of his practical and
truthful nature, mistrusted and disliked all barren
Philosophy, and all Knowledge merely verbal or
mental. He has some very striking and valuable
exhortations on this point : —

" In Discourse seek not so much either to vent thy
Knowledge, or to increase it, as to know more spiritually
and eftectiially what thou dost know. And in this those
mean despised Truths, that every one thinks he is suffi-
ciently seen in, will have a new sweetness and use in
them, which thou didst not so well perceive before (for
these Flowers cannot be sucked drj-), and in this humble
sincere way thou shalt grow in Grace and in Knowledge
too." — Comment on St. Peter, iii. 10., vol. ii. pp. 109-110.
" Christians should be trading one with another in spiri-
tual things; and he, surelj', who faithfully uses most, re-
ceives most. This is comprehended under that word : To
him that hath (i. e. possesses activel}- and usefully) shall
be given; and from him that hath not (i. e. uses not), shall
be taken away even that which he hath, Matt. xxv. 29." —
lb. ch. iv. 10. ; vol. ii. p. 347.

Cf. also vol. ii. pp. 562. 601-602. ; vol. I. 220.
Coleridge gives the first passage in Moral and
Jieligious Aphorisms, Aph. xxxiv. p. 82.; but it is
rather misplaced, for the first three Aphorisms in
the Aids to Reflection were evidently founded on
it, and on the parallel passages I have referred to.

526

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'«i S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

Cf. also a remark -which Fenelon makes to a
disciple of his who requested his spiritual counsel :
" You know a great deal more than you practise,
and have much less occasion for new lights than
to follow those you have already received." *
I may refer also to Baxter's Treatise of Know-
ledge and Love, p. 158., et passim.

Mr. Helps, I think, somewhere observes that
earnest thinkers love to repeat and reproduce
certain leading truths and favourite thoughts which
they have made their own. One of Leighton's
was the Scholastic Aphorism, Quicquid recipUur,
recipitur ad modum recipientis : —

"A Christian acts and speaks, not according to what
others are towards him, but according to what he is
through the grace and Spirit of God in him ; as they say,
Quicquid recipitur, recipitur ad modum recipientis : The
same things are differently received, and work differently,
according to the nature and way of that which receives
them." — Comment on St. Peter, iii. 9. vol. ii. p. 93.

Coleridge does not quote this, but he has an
apposite remark of his own : —

" Quantum sumus scimus. That which we find within
ourselves, which is more than ourselves, and j'et the
ground of whatever is good and permanent therein, is the
8ubstan-ce and life of all other Knowledge." — Aids, p. 15.,
note.

Mr. Payne, in a remarkable preface which he
prefixed to his edition of the Imitation of Christ,
makes the following quotation, but does not give
his author f : —

" The Measure of our Life is the Measure of our Know-
ledge: and as the Spirit of our Life worketh, so the
Spirit of our Understanding conceiveth." — P. 24.

Another favourite Aphorism of Leighton's was
the saying of Pythagoras : Summa Religionis imi-
tari quern colis. It occurs vol. i. p. 119.; ii. 272.;
iii. 309. 416. ; iv. 130. 393. I shall make but one
citation : —

" The chief study of a Christian, and the very thing
that makes him to be a Christian, is. Conformity with
Christ. Summa Religionis imitari quern colis : This is the
Sum of Religion (said that wise heathen, Pythagoras,) to
be like Him whom thou worshippest." — Com. St. Refer,
iv. 1., vol. ii. p. 272.

Cf. vol. iv. pp. 291. 317. :

" It was the saying of the Pythagorean Philosophers
that • The End of Man is to be made like to God.' It
was also a general maxim with the followers of Plato." —
Theol. Led., xvi. xx.

Another favourite Maxim was that of St. Gre-
gory Nazianzen : " Either teach none, or let your
life teach too:' (Vol. ii. pp. 57. 155. 411.)

• Quoted by Mrs. Keltj', who adds some excellent re-
marks.— Visiting My Relations, Br A ed. Lend. 1853, pp.
91-92.

t 1'he Imitation of Christ in Three Books : By Tlios.
a Kempis. Translated from the Latin, by John Payne.
London : Printed and published by J. F. Dove, St. John's
Square. No date. 32mo. pp. 240.

Where can I find the story of the young and
enthusiastic Platonist referred to by Leighton ? —

" It was a strange power of Plato's Discourse of the
Soul's Immortality, that moved a young man upon read-
ing it, to throw himself into the Sea, that he might leap
through it to that Immortality." — Com. St. Peter, ii. 24.
vol. ii. p. 35.

Compare Plato's notion of Love (ih. p. 40.) with
Wordsworth's well-known lines in Laodamia.
On Human Merit, Leighton well observes :
" The more ancient writers, when they used the word
Merit, mean nothing by it but a certain correlate to that
reward which God both promises and bestows of mere
grace and benignity." — Med. on Ps. CXXX., vol. ii.
p. 528. Cf. Hooker, Serm. II. § 21. Cf. Leighton, vol. i.
p. 23.

With regard to Leighton's language, Coleridge
says that the only vulgarism, or L'Estrange slang,
he met with in the Archbishop's Works, occurs in
the Exhortation before the Communion : " Ask
yourselves, therefoi*e, what you ivould be at,'' &c.
(_Lect. XXIV. vol. iv. p. 343.) But Coleridge for-
got that these are not Leighton's words, only a
translation of his words. I have not the Latin
original at hand.

Leighton uses a curious phrase to express in-
sincerity or mere conventionalism, viz. " Court
holy-water" : —

" Those expressions must be cordial and sincere, not
like what you call court holy-water, in which there is
nothing else but falsehood, or vanity at the best:" — Vol. i.
p. 24.

It occurs also at p. 345., and in vol. ii. p. 416.

With regard to Presentany, my query as to
whether it be an airai, AeySfityov remains unan-
swered. However, I can bring forward an an-
alogous word, viz. Momentany : " Momentany
perswasions" is a phrase which occurs in Dr.
Ingelo's work above quoted (Part i. p. 162.)

I beg to thank Mb. Pearson for his kind and
j courteous reply (p. 150.), and regret that in his
excellent Memoir he did not disclaim having any-
thing to do with the editing of the edition which
goes by his name, and thus prevent mistake.
The value of his elegantly-written Memoir gives
sale and curi-ency to an extremely bad edition
— one, in fact, which requires to be corrected
like a proof. I began to make a list of the chief
Errata, but I soon got tired. However, I send
a few which I noted : —

Vol. i., " illusion" for allusion, p. 111.; "hatred"
for hated, p. 223.

Vol. ii., " decree " for decere, p. 95. ; " gracing
grace" for decoring grace, p. 607. (cf. vol. iv. p.
127.) ; " Similude '• for similitude, p. 197.

Vol. iii., " treats of Viper's flesh," query treacles?
p. 22. ; "liberty" for liberality, p. 47.

Vol. iv., "chance of" for chance or, p. 316. ;
" dilicious," p. 332. ; " brible" for bridle, ib. ;
" piece" for peace, p. 193. ; " precarious" iov pre-
cious, p. 424,; " soberly" for sobriety, ib. ; "Christ's

S"-* S. VIII. Dec. 31. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

527

Life and Passion" for Chrisfs holy, crucified Life
and- Passion, p. 427. ; " foil" for fall, p. 97. ; "se-
crenat" for serenat, p. 41.

Another library edition published by Duncan,
4 vols. 8vo., appeared in 1830 ; but if it were a
new edition, it was I should say a mere reprint, like
all the succeeding editions.

When a new Edition of Leighton appears, I
trust it will have a good Iijdex, running titles,
and every mechanical help necessary to make his
Works what they are not now — and that is, easy
of reference. For instance, in the Com. on St.
Peter the chapter and verse ought to be given at
the head of every page.

Coleridge* woulU have rejoiced had he met with
Mb.Wogan's edition o( the Eighteen Sermons,'Riy-
ington, 1745. I ought to mention the Subjects,
Notes or Essays in the Appendix. They are : —
I. Of Justification and Sanctification, II. Of In-
defectihility, or Final Perseverance. III. Of Re-
generation. IV. Of being in God, in Christ. V.
Of Mortification and Vivification. VI. Of Elec-
tion. VII. Of Assurance. EiEiONNAcn.

SHAKSPEA.BIANA.

Passage in '■^ Measure for Measure." — I hope
you will be so kind as to insert the following lines
in " N. & Q." if you find them worth printing : —

" How may likeness, made in crimes.
Making practice on the times."

Measure for Measure, Act III. Sc. 2.

Even Dyce finds it hopeless to ascertain what
the poet really wrote (Dyce's Shah, i. 344.).

I do not know whether I could not relieve this
hope by proposing the alteration of one letter,
and the adoption of Malone's conjecture : —

" How may likeness, mate in crimes.
Mocking practice on the times."

F. A. Leo.
Berlin, Dec. 1859.

Mr. W. H. Shakespeare's Sonnets. — Some time
ago I read, in what book I forget, an able advo-
cacy of the claims of Lord Southampton, or Lord
Pembroke (I forget which), based on the circum-
stance that his heraldic motto occurs twice in
Shakspeare's Sonnets. I should be obliged to any
of your correspondents who would either refer
me to a book or article containing such an argu-
ment, or to the Sonnets in which the motto occurs.
I remember distinctly that the two lines cited are
not verbatim alike. Clammild.

Athenajum Chib.

* Coleridge, in accordance with the desultory nature
of his Aids to Reflection, makes no mention whatsoever
of Leighton in his Preface. However, some notice of
Leighton and the connexion between the Aids and his
Works, may be found at pp. 51. 108. 117. 124. of the sixth
edition.

Portrait of Shahspeare (2"« S. viii. 284.) —
Arthur Paget (Cranmore) mentions a supposed
portrait of Shakspeare at Weymouth. I have seen
the picture at the library referred to, and felt
much interested in the same, having heard the
Chandos portrait pronounced spurious. The por-
trait at Weymouth appears to have been taken
when Shakspeare was about twenty- seven or
twenty-eight years of age ; and from the opinions
of art critics in the possession of the owner, it
also appears to be an undoubted work of Zuc-
chero's. It must be remembered that Zucchero
visited England at the time Shakspeare was a
great favourite of Elizabeth's, for the purpose of
painting Elizabeth and her court, and, in all pro-
bability, painted Shakspeare at the same time.
The Weymouth picture agrees in every particular
with a portrait described by Sir Joshua Reynolds,
who says in one of his Lectures : —

" I have lately seen in a private collection at Bath a
portrait of Shakspeare, painted by Zucchero by com-
mand of Elizabeth. It is a small picture on panel, and
has the name of the immortal bard on the right hand
side of the head. It consists of the head and neck-rufF
onl^', and there can be no doubt as to its originality."

Sir Joshua was much interested in everything
Shakspearian, and undertook to paint three pic-
tures for Alderman Boydell's magnificent edition
of Shakspeare — " Macbeth and the Witches,"
" Puck," and " The Death of Cardinal Beaufort."
"Puck" became the property of the late poet
Rogers, and was purchased at the sale of his col-
lection by the late Lord Fitzwilliam.

H. SlNCUUB.

Manchester.

Baccare (2"'' S. vii. 124.) — A. A. seems to
imagine that this word is purely Shaksperian, or
he would scarcely express a belief that " Shak-
speare never would have coined such a word."
The common meaning- "stand back, or go back,"
is, I think, evidently the true one. In Heywood's
Epigrams on Pro,ve7-bs, A. A. would find

"194. Of Mortimer's sow.
" Backare, quoth Mortimer to his sow,
Went that sow hack at that bidding trow j'ou ? "

Two more versions of this epigram, and a refer-
ence to the word in his poem on Proverbs (chap,
xi.), would lead us to suppose the word was ia
common use in Heywood's time.

As to the meaning of the word compare the use
of it by Lyly, Mydas, Act I. Sc. 2. (1592) : —

" Lie. Thou servest Mellacrites, and I his daughter ;
which is the better man ?

Pet. The masculine gender is more worthy than the
feminine. Therefore, Licio, backare."

Again, in Sir John Grange's Golden Aphroditis,
1577 : —

" Yet wrested he so his eflfemlnate bande to the siege
of backwards affection, that bothe trumpe and drumme
sounded nothing for their larum, but Baccare, Baccare."

528

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2'>'» S, VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

This word occurs, too, in Ralf Roister Do'mter,
Act I. So, 2. ; and in an ancient interlude of the
repentance of Mary Magdalene, 1567. As to the
derivation it is merely an English word with a
Latinised termination, witness the second of Hey -
wood's epigrams on the word.

" Backare, quoth Mortimer to his sow, see
Mortimer's sow speaketh as good latyn as hee."

Why will not people take the trouble of con-
sulting contemporary literature before adding to
the already sufficiently copious store of literary
guesses, which have nothing but their novelty and
ingenuity to recommend them ? Libya.

i^a;? (2"« S. viii. 285.)— In old English, the
letter / occasionally takes the place of v. Thus
vats, wine-vats, were in Shakspeare's time fats,
wine-fats. I would accordingly suggest that fap
is equivalent to vap. Vappa signifies in Latin,
not only poor wine, but a weak character, a silly
fellow, especially a spendthrift, one who, when he
has got money, cannot keep it. So Horace, —

" Non ego avarum
Cuna veto te fieri, vappam jubeo : " —

where vappa is evidently opposed to avarus.
This meaning will well accord with the passage
cited by your correspondent from the Merry
Wives of Windsor. " The gentleman had drunk
himself out of his five sentences. . . . And being
vap, was, as they say, cashiered." Both vap (or
fap), and cashiered, may here be viewed as cant
terms, employed by Bardolph professionally. The
gentleman had drunk himself into such a state
that he became very lavish, and in consequence
was stripped of his property : a delicate way of
saying that, having become inebriated, he could
not take care of his cash, and so was lightened
of it.

Med.L. tappa (vendere vinum ad tappam), Ang.
tap; so cappa, cap; sappa (of a besieged place),
sap; L. mappa, Med. L. mappa mundi, map. In
like manner vappa, vap; whence yo/;.

In the more general sense of vappa, cf. waped,
stupified ; " I'm wap'd to dead a'most." Moor's
Suffolk Woi'ds and Phrases, 1823. Thomas Boys.

Shakspeare and English Lexicography (2"^ S. viii.
284.) — As a storehouse of that species of criti-
cism indicated by Mommsen as likely to be pro-
ductive of the most satisfactory results in restoring
the true text of Shakspeare and elucidating his
meaning, permit me to invite attention to a Ger-
man periodical, begun in 1846, and devoted to
modern languages and literature — the Archiv
fur das Studinm der neueren Spraclien und Litera-
turen, now extending to twenty-five volumes 8vo.
In this work will be found a vast body of criti-
cism by learned and industrious German profes-

sors and others, many of whom have resided in
England, and made the English language and~ its
literature an object of the most careful study ;
Shakspeare above all absorbing an attention which
shows how deep a hold he has on the German heart
and affections. Mr. Coi.ekidge and his generous
brother-band of helpers, in compiling a great new
English dictionary, will also find in the Archiv
valuable materials towards assisting them in Eng-
lish lexicography, evincing a wide acquaintance
with English literature, and chiefly devoted to an
explanation of the more difficult and obscure
words and phrases, including Americanisms.

John Macrat.
Oxford.

Gallimawfry (2'"' S. viii. 285.) — In the passage
in the Merry Wives of Windsor, quoted by your
correspondent, —

" He loves thy gallimawfry ; Ford, perpend ! " —

is not the common reading thy obviously a mis-
take for a ? Thus : —

" He loves a gallimawfry ; Ford, perpend ! "

That is. Sir John is not particular, but loves a
medley, all fish that come to his net, young or
old, married or unmarried. The ordinary reading
is nonsense. Eirionnach.

A galimafree is a ragout made up of the rem-
nants and scraps of the larder. " A hotchpot
{hochepot) Galimafre," says Bescherelle, was a
sobriquet given to a mountebank on the treteaux
of the Boulevard du Temple, who by his drolleries
endeavoured to attract the crowd to the Tlieatre
des Funambules, and whose name has since be-
come a proverb, and denotes a buffoon and a
charlatan. Cf. Bescherelle, under " Galimatias."

It. S. Charnock.

THE DESTRUCTION OF RECORDS PURING THE RE-
VOI.UTION, AS AFFECTING THE TITLES OF THE
FRENCH NOBLESSE.

The recent inquiry by the French government
into the alleged assumption of titles of nobility by
individuals who have no just claim to them, and
the strict regulations thereupon established by a •
kind of College of Arms, are a striking proof of
the disorganised state of society in France, and
of the confusion created in it by the abolition at the
great Revolution of titles of hereditary rank, and
the destruction of documentary proofs of nobility.
What a state of misery would be unfolded, if the
descendants of the ancient nobility were to com-
municate to the world the sad story of the vi-
cissitudes of their illustrious houses, and of the
spoliations endured by them from the Revolution
until the period of the restoration of the Bour-
bons. Indeed this in part has been done in many
volumes of Memoires. In the biography of the

'2"«i S. VIII. Dec. 31. '69.J

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

529

Abbo Ameilhon, who was librarian of the Ville
de Paris and of the Arsenal for more than half a
century, and who died in 1811, we read that he
acted a conspicuous part in the destruction of the
titles of the nobility during the reign of terror.
In his capacity as Commissioner for the examina-
tion of such titles he wrote, on the 24th of Janu-
ary, 1793, as follows to the Attorney-general and
Syndic of the department of Paris : —

" I am instructed to inform 3-ou that the commis-
sioners appointed for the examination of the titles of the
Cabinet Orders of the ci-devant King, deposited at the
national library, are ready to transmit to the Commis-
sioners of the department about 270 vols, and boxes, which
still remain to be destroyed. It is for the Directory to ap-
point the daj' most convenient for the burning, of which
the public should be informed by means of placards," &c.

On Feb. 14, Ameilhon wrote to the same
official : —

" I now send j'ou a statement of the various articles
which are still in the depot of the quondam Orders of the
ci-devant King, and which should form the materials for
a final burning. I am, with sentiments of republican
fraternity, &c. Ameilhon."

Here follows a list of the various articles which
remain to be burned : —

" 128 vols, bound, and 34 boxes containing documents
and titles for the ci-devant Order of the Holy Ghost, and
others of the late King ; 2 vols, of coats of arms for the
said Orders ; 34 vols, of papers and original titles which
served to draw up the Armorial General de France ; 166
vols, of the collection styled Collection de Le Laboureur ;
2 vols, of letters of nobilitA' and of pardon ; 15 vols, con-
taining Vouchers for the Order of St. Lazarus, and for
entering the Military Schools, together with a box fitted
with similar documents for admission into the ci-devant
noble Chapters. It results from these original documents,
that Ameilhon concurred in and presided over the burn-
ing of 652 vols., boxes, and cases, which ought to have
been preserved in the national library, where they had
been deposited. This act of Vandalism, directed by an
historian (for Ameilhon's works prove him to have been
a man of considerable learning and research), is an irre-
parable loss for historj', while it could not avail to retard
the creation of a new order of nobility and the return of
the old at the restoration."

This is but a small portion of the details relat-
ing to the destruction perpetrated by one man in
one city — the capital of France. What, then,
must have been the havoc committed throughout
the whole kingdom ? In the lack of evidence as
to pedigrees, it can hardly be a matter of surprise
that false claimants should arise, and pretend to
be the inheritors of rank and title, the true owners
of which have been engulphed in the whirlpool of
revolution. J. Maceay.

NAMES OF KUMBEKS, AND THE HAND.

Bosworth, or rather authorities cited by him,
derive ten from the Mces.-Got. tai Tiund, the
hands. If this be correct, this English word ten
must have existed, in some primeval tongue, be-

fore the Greek or Latin language was spoken.
This appears from the number of words in those
languages which have ten for their root : such as
teneo, tendo, Kreiuu, &c., all referring to hand. It is
probable also, for the same reasons, that hand be-
longed to some primeval tongue. Prehendo con-
tains it. And Whiter has noticed Its existence in
the ixeKaySfTov ^i<pos of Homer, the black-handled
sword. From some early tongue also the Celtic
has its deic ten: hence the Greek Se^o, and the
Latin decern. But that deic is the first syllable of
SaicrvXws and digitus will scarcely be doubted
when we observe it in such words as S(iKvutJ.i, in
the old deicere for dicere, to point out, and most
probably in dexle?' and index. But not only
words denoting ten, those also signifying ^ve,
twenty, and a hundred, appear to me to have one
common root in hand. The affinity between vfixve,
guinque, the Mces.- Got. _/?«/, the Germ an ywjj/", &c.,
has been often noticed. Now I suspect that we
have allied to these the English words finger,
fang, and fin, the A.-S. f anger, to hold, the
Latin Jingo ; and, moreover, the English wing,
if it be allowed that wiii and gain are the same
word. I am strengthened in this opinion from
another consideration : the Welsh pump, five, and
the Persian pung^ admitted to belong to the above
family of words, show an interchange of/) with/.
Now the Persian penje, the fist, is doubtless allied
to pung ; and cognate with these are the Latin
pugnus, the Greek ttuJ, the French poivg, the Por-
tuguese punho, &c., all referring to hand.

'i'he word hundred, Bosworth derives from the
Mces.-Got. hund, the hands ; and in analogy with
this is the derivation of the Latin centum, which
appears to have originated in some of the above
words. The interchange of p with c is not with-
out authority. The Oscan pitpit was the Latin
quidquid, where q has the sound of c hard. But
more to my purpose, the Etruscan ewer was the
Latin pue7'. And Mr. Guest has shown, in the
Phil. Soc. Proceedings (vol. iii.), that in some
branches of the Celtic this interchange prevails
to a remarkable extent. It is, therefore, possible
that the c in cent may be the p in pung. I^believe
it is capable of proof that in other tongues,* as wel
as our own, the habit prevailed o iadding d or t
derived words ending in ru The t, therefore, in
cent may be non-radical: moreover, the cent of
the Latin is the cant of the Celtic ; and that this
word is connected with hand I infer from the
Port, canhato, left-handed. I am confirmed in
this opinion when I see that the French gant, the
Italian guanto, the English gauntlet — all referrin
to hand — differ from cant only in the substitution
of g for c, a change which appears in vigesimus
for vicesimus. Is it not then very probable that
cant, centum, the Old Eng. hent, as well as the
&ho\c pung, fang, funger, gant, &c., are all vary-
ing forms of one primitive word signifying the

530

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2nd s. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

handf The word twenty appears in the A.-S.
twa huna, the two hands.

Let us, however, consider the Greek and Latin
forms. It has been remarked that words expres-
sive of definite numbers were first used indefi-
nitely. Of this fjivpias is an instance, which is
often employed to designate simply a great num-
ber. But language must find words for fixed
amounts ; and to accomplish this, in remote times,
the word for the common symbol of number,
namely, the hand, became slightly varied, to de-
signate different numbers, as we see in our word
/lour from fiower. We may, therefore, expect to
find similarity depending on affinity between many
words denoting different numerical amounts. I
cannot indeed affirm that ei/cotrj, or as it is found
iiKo-ri and kKo-Tov, were ever the same word ; but
I do believe that ei/carj, or rather its digammated
form FfiKart, and the Celtic _/?c^«J, twenty, are re-
lated. Now the Port. Jiga, a fist, is probably
related to this : so is vigesimus=vicesimus, coming
from viginti. But the vi in this word is the hi
from hini, as is seen in its old form, biginti. Is it
not then probable that viginti and ducenti were
originally the same word? as also, though less
clearly, eiKan and Ikotov ; and, moreover, that at
least the Latin forms had their origin in the bi
gants, the two hands ?

I submit with diffidence the following Queries
for the consideration of better etytnologists. Sup-
posing that I am correct in the above, may not
vavTa belong to the class of words here given ;
and may not its original meaning have been a
great number ? And if so, does not this word ap-
pear in the ant, ent, and unt, of the third person
plural in the Greek, Latin, and some other lan-
guages? In the Welsh it is gwnt. Does not
canto, to sing, come from the above cant ? I think
it does, from the fact that a very early applica-
tion of arithmetic was not to £ s. d., but to the
science of music, and that musical notes were
called numeri. Again, the Latin annus, and the
Celtic ainne, a ring or circle, are no doubt related.
Does not Diana then come from the Celtic dia
ainne, tlje goddess of the circle or full moon ; and
does not Hecate, the same goddess, presiding
over the crescent moon, come from a feminine
form of Hecaton, a hundred, whose symbol is the
crescent C ? J. p.

Dominica.

Singular Advertisement. —

" Whereas Ensign Samuel Medland, of the Hon. Col.
Howard's Regiment of Foot in Ireland, stands charged
•with the Murder of Edward West on the 20th of May
last. Now I, the said Samuel Medland, do design to sur-
render myself and abide my tryal at the next General
Assizes to be held in and for the Countv of Tipperary,
whereof all persons are to take notice. Dated this 10th

day of January, 1726. — Samuel Medlamd." — Dublin
WeeMy Journal.

Y. S. M.
Memoranda concerning the Seasons. — In the an-
cient calendar prefixed to the " Norwich Dooms-
day," from which I lately sent you a weather
distich, are the following memoranda relating to
the seasons and the calendar, which are suffici-
ently curious to interest the readers of " N. & Q."

" Festum dementis ; vernis capud est venientis,
Cedit yems retro ; cathedrato sj'mone petro,
Ver fugit urbanus : estatem symphorianus."

" Quatuor in partes, dm si dividis annos
Nil q; supfuit, credo bissextus erit."

" Ab incarnatione xpi scdm Anglicos ab annuciacione
Anni dm scdm Romanos a nativitate xpi."

B. B. Woodward.

Haverstock Hill.

" Familiarity breeds contempt''' — Some one I
think has asked for early examples of this pro-
verb. David Lloyd, in his account of General
Monck, entitled Modern Policy Compleated (1660),
§ 16., p 16., writes: —

" His Excellencies solemn [familiarity, no Mother of
contempi, was observable," &c."

Not having my back numbers of " N. & Q." at
hand 1 cannot supply a reference to the place in
which the Query occurs. B. S. J.

The " Breeches Edition " of Dibdin's " Library
Companion." — In a note to Bibliophobia, p. 8.,
Dr. Dibdin says : —

" When I quote from the Library Companion, I wish it
to be understood that I quote from the first, or Breeches
Edition, of 1824. The second is, however, the more valu-
able. VVill posterity ever be made acquainted with the
mystery belonging to this small-clothes designationi' "

I imagine that the only mystery consists in the
suppression in the second edition of the Library
Companion of the following note, appended to p.
393. oii\\Q first : —

" A curious anecdote, not altogether unbibliographical,
belongs to Anson's voj'age round the world. Mordaunt
Cracherode, the father of the Rev. C. M. Cracherode, of
celebrated Book- Fame, went out to make his fortune as
a commander of the marines in Anson's ship. He re-
turned, in consequence of his share of prize-money, a
wealthy man. Hence the property of his son, and hence
the Bibliotheca Cracherodiana in the British Museum. A
droll story is told of the father, of which the repetition
is pardonable. It was said that her returned from this
Ansonian circumnavigation in the identical buckskins
which he wore on leaving England : they having been
the object of his exclusive attachment during the whole
voyage ! Far, however, be it from me to give credence
to the report that there is some one particular volume in
the Cracherode Collection which is bound in a piece of
these identical buckskins I "

If there be any farther mystery with this
" Breeches Edition," there are, doubtless, many
who can now favour us with its solution.

William Bates.

2"* S. VIII. Dec. 31. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

531

Cudworth. — Lord Brougham, in his Discourse
of Natural Theology, in a note asks the question,
*' Why are the manuscripts of the author still
buried in the British Museum?" This question his
lordship puts after remarking on the profound
learning of Cudworth's Intellectual System, al-
though unfinished, and its satisfactory exposition
of the ancient philosophers, rendering his work
above all praise. Qdassatio.

Thomas Irson. — In a note of Moses du Soul
(Solanus) on Lucian's Alexander, c. 26 (vol. ii. p.
234. ed. Hemst.) occurs an anecdote of the court
of Charles II., which I do not remember to have
met with elsewhere. As few students of the his-
tory of English manners are likely to consult
commentators on the classics for materials, (if in-
deed they do not regard such commentators and
their calling as behind the age), I venture to ex-
tract the passage at length, and shall be glad to
hear more of the adventurer Irson, if that is his
true name : —

"Simili artificio callidus Anglus, quem ipsi vidimus,
Thomas Irsonus, caput ligneum loquax concinnarat, quo,
ut ipse narrabat, tota Caroli II. aula et Rex ipse viso ob-
stupuit. Immurmurabat spectatorum aliquis ori istiua
capitis hianti verba, quae in buccam venerant, quacumque
libitum erat lingua; quo facto mox responsum eadem
lingua et ad rem accommodatissimnm ex ligneo capite
reddebatur. Percrebuerat jam per totam urbem monstri
fama. Frequentes ad tantse rei miraculum, data pecunia
quisque, advolant. Nee dubium quia brevi de rebus ar-
canis futurisque tarn doctum caput consulendum fuerit
(quidni enim lignum loquax et futura et arcana pandere
valeat?) cum subito adolescens ex nobilium famulitio,
qui tum spectabant, in proxime adjacens cubiculum irre-
pens hominem os tubo admoventem, et clamantem con-
spicit; neque ullis muneribus et promissis deterreri
poterat, quin tantum arcanum divulgaret. Innotuit ita-
que fraus, et patuit sacerdotem pontificium, multarum
linguarum hominem, capiti oracula, auditis per tubum e
conclavi proximo quajstionibus, dictasse et revera inspi-
rasse. Eem totam Irsonus ipse ante aliquot aunos viro
nobili, me audiente, narrabat."

Who was the many-languaged Roman Catholic
priest ? I commend the question to Dr. Russell
for a new edition of his curious Life of Mezzofanti.

J. E. B. Mayor.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

William Constantine. — Any account of this gen-
tleman or his family would oblige. In a marriage
settlement dated 1695 he is described of the Mid-
dle Temple. It is believed he was of a family in
the Home or Midland Counties. J. F. C.

Irish Banlii'upts. — Can any one refer me to a
published list of bankrupts in Ireland a century
back ; or to any records whence such information
may be obtained? A Citizen or London.

This Day Eight Days. — In Eome parts of the
county of Antrim it is a common reply to receive

from the poor people, if you ask them "Were you
at church last Sunday?" " Yes, I was out this
day eight days," I shall be glad if any of your
Irish correspondents can tell me the origin of this
expression. Alfred T. Lee,

William Winstanley, author of England's Wor-
thies, 1684; Lives of the most famous English
Poets, 1687. Can you give me the date of this
author's death (about 1690), and inform me where
he is buried ? R. Inglis.

J. Walker Ord, author of England, an historical
poem, 2 vols. 8vo., 1834; The Bai-d and other
Poems, 12mo. 1841. Can you give me the date
of this gentleman's death? I think Mr. Ord is
also the author of a History of Cleveland, York-
shire. R. Inglis.

Gift of Children. — In the Privy Purse expenses
of King Henry VIII., in the third year (Dec. 28,
1512), is the entry "Itm. to a woman that gave
the king two children, 0. 13. 4." Can this gift be
explained ? W. P.

Henry VI. — Can you tell me where I shall find
a satisfactory explanation as to whether the body
of Henry VI. was or was not removed fi*om
Windsor to Westminster. Ackermann's West-
minster Abbey states that the removal cost the
abbey 500Z, ; whilst Gough, Sepidchral Monuments,
adopts the view that it was at Windsor at least as
late as the time of the death of Henry VIIT. Or
is it still a point upon which antiquaries are dis-
agreed ? In The Pictorial History of England
it is stated that when Henry VII. desired to re-
move the body to Westminster it could not be
found. W. P.

Webster's Dictionary. — I observe this work is
often quoted as an authority for the definitions of
words. Will you or some of your correspon-
dents kindly inform me when and where the first
edition of the work was published? and the years
and localities of the publication of subsequent
editions ? Vrtan Rheged.

Incorporated Society of British Artists. — Where
is it likely I could peruse the catalogues of
the " Incorporated Society of British Artists ? "
This society preceded the Royal Academy, and
was formed about the year 1765. E. T. C.

Heraldic. — In the church of St. Mary's, Clon-
mel, Ireland, there is a tomb recording the death
of Ann, the wife of Edward Hutchinson, who died
Nov. 30, 1682. Her armorial bearings are im-
paled beside those of her husband. Omitting the
tinctures, they may be described thus: — A chevron
between three gouttes : on a chief, a demi-savage
holding a club. The family name of the wife,
before she was married, is earnestly desired.

P. Hutchinson.

532

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2od s. VIII. Dec. 31. '5r.

Nodway Money. — In the last edition of Dug-
dale's Monasticon (vol. ii. p. 87.), in a computus
temp, Henry VIII. of the possessions of Tewkes-
bury monastery, under the head "Manor of Tar-
rent Monkton, Dorset," occurs the following : —
" Red mobil cu' quoEfm redd' voc' Nodway Money"
Can anyone explain the nature of this pay-
ment, or offer any suggestions as to its origin ?

Wm. Shipp.

{^Noda -was, in med.-Lat., a herd of cattle. (" Pro
quaque noda pecudum." Du Cange.) With "noda"
agree the A.-S. nite, niten, Sc. nolt, nowt, our own iiout,
neat, nowt, note, Sw. not, and Dan. nod. We would,
therefore, suggest that nodway money was noed-way
money, or nowt-waj' money, i. e. a. certain fixed payment
for the right of way, that nowt or horned cattle might
pass and repass between grazing-grounds and home-
stead. This right of way is a thing well-known in
English farming, and is occasionally the subject of liti-
gation.]

Phillips's '■'■New World of Words." — I have a
perfect copy of t]xQ first edition of Phillips's New
World of Words, published by E. P., London,
printed by E. Taylor for Nath. Brooke, at the
sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1658. Can any of
your readers inform me if copies of this edition
are scarce ? as Sir F. Madden (P' S. xi. 208.)
says the only editions of Phillips in the Museum
library are the fourth of 1678, and the sixth of
1706. H. E. P.T.

[In the new MS. Catalogue of the British Museum
three other editions have since been entered, namely,
1662, fol. ; 1671, fol. third edition (an engraved title in
this copy has the date 1670) ; and 1696, fol. fifth edition.
Lowndes gives, incorrectly, 1657 as the date of the first
edition, Avhich does not appear to be rare, as it only sold
for 28. at the sale of George Chalmers's library in 1841.
The first edition, however, is interesting and important
to English philologists, being the anonymous Dictionary
of 1658 so frequently cited \>y Skinner. The allusion to
Shakspeare, in the first and second editions, is omitted in
the later ones. The following editions were sold by So-
thebv & Wilkinson, May 22, 1857 : 1658, 1662, 1671, 1678,
1696:]

Olhohoiis " Constitutions." — Can you tell me
whence the following is taken ? —

" Whereas it is unbecoming for Clergymen employed in
heavenly Offices to minister in secular Affairs, we think
it sordid and base, that certain Clerks greedily pursuing
earthly Gain and temporal Jurisdictions, do receive se-
cular Jurisdiction from Laymen, so as to be named Jus-
tices, and to become Ministers of Justice, which they
cannot administer vfithout Injury to the canonical Dis-
positions and to the clerical Order."

There is considerably more than this in the
quotation, and the word " Othobon " is added at
the end, apparently as the name of the author.

I have probably transcribed enough to enable
some of your correspondents to recognise the
passage, and shall be much obliged if any of

them will inform me whence the words are taken.
And if I am right in my conjecture as to the
word "Othobon;" who, and what was he? and
when did he live ? Vrtan Rheged.

[Othobon was legate of Pope Clement IV., and presi-
dent of the Council held in the cathedral church of St.
Paul, London, a.d. 1268, 52nd Henry III. Collier (_EccIes.
Hist. i. 474. fol. 1708) states, that " the Canons of this
Council were of great authority, and looked on as a rule
of discipline to the English Church ; and notwithstanding
the change at the Reformation, there are several of them
still in force, and make part of our Canon Law." The
passage cited by our correspondent will be found in
Wilkins's Concilia, ii. 4., and in Constitutions Provincialles,
and of Otho and Octliobone, translated into Englyshe, 1534,
p. 130. The same canon is also quoted in Dr. Burn's
JEccles. Law, edit. 1797, iii. 194., under "Privileges and
Restraints of the Clergy." A summary of the canons of
this Council is printed in the British Magazine (1844),
XXV. 380.]

Clerical Error. — When did this expression first
come into use, and whence is it derived ?

D. S. E.

[The terms clerk, clerc, cleric, clericus, though pro-
perly appertaining to ecclesiastics, came in time to signify'
any educated person. " Dagobert fut moult preud'homme
et grand clerc," " Un loup quelque peu clerc " (a wolf who
was something of a scholar), ^cscA. Clerk, "a man of
letters," Johnson. " Cleriei dicti etiam qui Uteris imbuti
erant, viri literati et docti," Du Cange. Hence followed a
further extension of the meaning, by which clerk or cle-
ricus signified an amanuensis, any person emploj-ed as a
writer, Johnson. " Cleriei prajterea dicuntur Scriba;, oc-
tuarii, et Amanuenses judicum," &c., Dti Cange. It is,
we apprehend, to this last signification that we are in-
debted for the expression "clerical error," which simph'
implies an error in writing, a " slip of the pen," and
which does not appear to be a phrase of very early origin.
When we use the expression "a clerical error," or ":i
lapsus linguae," we mean in either case a mistake arising
from inadvertence, not from ignorance. Thus it was
through a " lapsus linguse," and not through unacquaint-
ance with the proper term, that a person speaking of the
death of an Indian friend, and meaning to saj' that he was
" killed by a Sepoy," said instead, " killed by a Cyclops ! "]

NAPOLEOH'S ESCAPE FROM ELBA.

(2"'> S. viii. m. 382.)

The object of your correspondent H. N.'s com-
munication is not perfectly clear, and the same
remark certainly applies to the following sen-
tence : " As a matter of mere tradition of an event
comparatively recent, and quite susceptible, as one
would think, of direct proof, this version is of lit-
tle value." By the wording of the paper, vol.
viii. p. 86i, it is made perfectly clear from whom
the anecdote originated, and repeated in your
pages under the thorough conviction of the fact.
Why IT. N. has indulged in creating doubts, when
the matter is "quite susceptible" of "direct
proof," must rest with himself.

2°d S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

533

To the differences between Rogers and Ville-
main may be added those in the Pastes Universels,
a far more voluminous and important work than
those produced by the authors aheady named.

The consternation into which the monarchs and
their ministers were thrown by the arrival of the
intelligence that Napoleon had arrived in France
is beyond all question, and probably exceeded the
graphic description given by your correspondent.
But, whether these trembling kings could have
despatched " the " three ministers to negociate a
treaty with a puny and f\illen foe at Presberg,
when the giant-tyrant was raising his head and
at every hour additional tidings and dispatches
Avere eagerly expected, and to themselves of the
last importance ? — or, whether "the" three minis-
ters would have wasted their precious time in
dallying over a treaty, chiefly on boundaries and
titles, which the chances of the war, virtually com-
menced, might in a few weeks reduce to a bundle
of waste paper, and make their own signatures an
irrefragable proof of mispent time? — are proposi-
tions it would be difficult to reconcile in the
negative, even with the most ordinary political
sagacit}'.

Without trespassing too much upon your space,
the following historic facts, coupled with one pi'O-
bability, may tend to reconcile the discrepancies
of the dates. On the evening of the Uth March
intelligence reached Vienna of the arrival of
Buonaparte in France {Pastes Universels^^ the
ministers hud left, and the dispatches followed
them to Presberg. The King of Saxony, hitherto
a prisoner in tiie Chateau of Scliewetz, refused to
sign the treaty on the 1 1 tli .(^Pastes Universels) ;
the ministers return to Vienna, and immediately
on their arrival summon a Congress for the next
day, the 12th March, as stated by H. N.

PIenrt D'Aveney.

Your recent articles upon Napoleon's sudden
escape from Elba recall to me a singular story
connected with that event, which I have often
heard from the lips of the party himself to whom
the circumstances occurred. My informant was a
late dignitary of the church, and formerly in con-
stant personal attendance upon George III.

A few weeks previous to Napoleon's escape my
friend, exhausted with a fatiguing walk on the
beach at Brighton, had seated himself one day
under the lee of a boat for a short repose. Pre-
sently two foreigners, walking from two different
directions, met on the other side of the boat. The
one had evidently just landed, and the other had
met him (in this a secluded part of the beach,
where they deemed themselves secure from all
listeners) to receive a report of the state of pre-
parations on the other side of the water for the
execution of some great design. The latter began
by asking how things progressed, and was told in

reply that all was now ready for the " coup ; "
that the MInister-at-War had so stationed the
regiments on which he could confide, and so
completed all arrangements, that there could be
no obstruction to the march from the coast to
Paris, and that everything being now prepared,
the sooner the event came off the better. The
parties then separated in different directions
(unconscious of the presence of the third party,
who all the while had been ensconced under the
other side of the boat); the one apparently for
re-embarkation ; the other to dispatch intelli-
gence to head-quarters at Elba.

The court or some of the ministers happened to
be at Brighton at the time, and my friend without
a moment's delay communicated the circumstance
to Lord Liverpool and Lord Castlereagh, who
treated the whole with ridicule, or pretended to
do so, and nothing more was heard of the affair
till the papers announced the realisation of all
that my friend had overheard. aa.

THE EARLY EDITIONS OF FOXE S BOOK OP
MARTYRS.

(2"* S. viii. 221. 271. 334. 403. 472.)

The 1st and 2nd volumes of the edition of 1596
are in Enstone church, Oxfordshire.

The two volumes are bound in one, containing
1949 pages besides Index. The whole body of
the work is perfect, but the title of vol. i. and
a few pages of the Calendar at the beginning, and
the Index at the end, are wanting. It is thus en-
titled: —

"The First Volume and the Second Volume of the
Ecclesiasticall Histories, contej-ning the Acts and ]Monu-
ments of Martyrs, &c. Xewly recognized and inlarged
by the Autliour, John Foxe. At Lundon, Printed by
Peter Short, dwelling in Bread Street Hill, at the sign
of the Starre, Anno Domini lo96."

In Enstone church there are also several other
volumes which I enumerate, but would refer to
the "Parochial History" of that parish by the Rev.
John Jordan, vicar, for a more particular de-
scription of them.

A volume of treatises on the Roman contro-
versy by John White, D.D., &c., containing among
others : —

" A Defence of the Way to the True Church against
A. D. his Reply, &c., by John White, Doctor of Divinity ;
at London, Imprinted bv Felyx Kyngston for William
Barrett, 1G24."

"The Orthodox Faith and Way to the Churcli Ex-
plained and Justified: in answer' to a Popish Treatise
entituled White died Blacke. By Francis White, Doctor
in Divinity and Deane of Carlisle, elder brother of Doctor
John White. Printed at London by John Haviland for
William Barret, 1624."

A volume of sermons by Thomas Adams (title-
page and first 250 pages wanting). The whole

534

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2>"i S. VIII. Dkc. 31. '59.

volume contains 1240 pages. The title-page of
one of these sermons is as follows : —

" The Soldier's Honour, Preached to the Worthie Com-
panie of Gentlemen that exercise in the Artillerie Gar-
den, and now on their second request published to farther
use. London, Printed by Augustine Matthews for John
Grismand, 1629."

A volume of the works of the author of the
Whole Duty of Man, containing

« The Whole Duty of Man. The Cause of the Decay of
Christian Pietj'. The Gentleman's Calling."

The above bear this imprint, " London, printed
by Roger Norton for Robert Pawlet at the Sign
of the Bible in Chancery Lane, near Fleet Street,
1683."

Then follows the Second Part of the works of
the author of the Whole Duty of Man, containing

" The Ladies' Calling. The Government of the Tongue.
The Art of Contentment, and the Lively Oracles given to
us."

The "Second Part" was printed at the Theatre
in Oxford, 1684.

The following inscription is on the cover of this
volume : —

"The Gift of y« Worshippfull Sir Edward Waldo of
Pinnar in the County of Middlesex to the Parish of
Enstone in the County of Oxford."

"A Companion to the Temple, or a Help to Devotion
in the Use of the Common Prayer, &c. By Thomas
Comber, D.D. ; London, printed by Samuel Roycroft for
Robert Clavell at the Sign of the Peacock, near the West
End of St. Paul's church, 1684."

The following inscription is on the cover : —

" The Gift of Thomas Martin, Gent., late of Rowsham,
to y" Church of Enston."

"A Collection of Cases and other Discourses lately
written to Recover Dissenters to the Communion of the
Church of England. By Some Divines of the City of
London. London : Printed for Thomas Basset at the
George in Fleet Street, and Benj. Tooke, 1694."

On the cover is this inscription : —

" D.D. Vir Claris : Car: Aldworth Savilliau : Professo:
& Coll: Magda: Oxon: Socius, Anno Domini jidcxcvi."

A volume containing fifty-four Sermons, and
The Rule of Faith, by Archb. Tillotson, 6th edi-
tion (title-page wanting). The cover is thus in-
scribed : —

"The Gift of the Honour'd Esquire Keck, 1701."

J. J. Howard.
Lee.

I have at this time in my possession a copy
of the second edition (1570) of this work be-
longing to the church of Saint John the Baptist,
Glastonbury. It is bound in two volumes, the
first ending with page 924. The whole work con-
tains 2302 pages, besides an unpaged index. The
, edition accords with that referred to by Mr. Po-
COCK (ante, 335.), excepting that in the Glaston-
bury copy pages 1269. and 1270. are correctly

numbered, and the index, although incomplete,
contains twelve leaves. The title-page of the first
volume is gone, but it otherwise appears perfect.
The title-page of the second volume is also miss-
ing, as well as eleven leaves, and the index from
the word " strife." In other respects th^ copy is
in a very fair condition. It was formerly chained
to desks in the church, and a portion of the chain
is still attached to the first volume. J. G. L. B.

I have a fair copy of Foxe : its margins, how-
ever, are sadly cut down, and it is in an ordinary
modern binding. The first volume has on the
title, "Printed for the Company of Stationers,
1641." The second, " Printed Anno Domini
1631." The third, " Printed by R. Yoyng, 1631."
In each of the latter dates the figure 3 has been
altered with a pen to a 4 ; but with ink so pale as
to leave the 3 plainly discernible. This copy ap-
pears to be perfect, with the exception of perhaps
two leaves before the beginning of the work in
vol. ii., and of one leaf of the " Table " at the end
of vol. iii. It is in fair condition, some of the
leaves containing the commencement of Queen
Mary's reign having been carefully mended : the
only part apparently which has been much studied.

This copy has, after p. 1030. of vol. iii., " A
continuation," &c. " London, Printed by Adam
Islip Fffilix Kingston and Robert Yong, 1632," in
the highly ornamented title-page described by your
correspondent A. B. R. That title-page, I think,
has no reference to any earlier edition of Foxe.
Your correspondent will probably see at the top
of the ornament the letters NI, under the device
of a lamb bound on an altar, above which are the
words possidete animas vestras, and the mark ^
below them ; which I take to be the initials and
cypher of the engraver, or printer for whom it was
first engraved, or both. I shall be glad to know
from some of your correspondents to whom they
refer. The very same ornamental title is prefixed
to the several treatises comprised in Sir Henry
Savile's Collection of English Chroniclers, printed
at London in 1596. Henry Freeman.

Norman Cross, Stilton. •

Dr. Crawford is very glad to be able to inform
Ma. J. G. Nichols that he also has a large,
clean, and perfect copy of the 1641 edition of
Foxe's Book of Martps, which he bought more
than thirty years ago of Mr. Talboys of Oxford.

Woodmansteme Rector3', near Epsom.

Canon Morris, in his valuable contribution to
English history, The Life and Martyrdom of St.
Thomas Becket, lately published, says, note 418.,
p. 435., that in the library of the English College,
Rome, there is the copy of Foxe's Martyrs used
by Father Parsons : the edition is not mentioned.

2"'i S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

535

From the known courtesy of the present rector,
Dr. English, I am sure, if Mr. G. Nichols should
wish to learn its date, he has only to write and
ask that gentleman.

In a room over the porch of Sutton Church,
near Abingdon, I saw, some few years ago, the
fragments of what looked like the copy of an
early edition of the work. D. R.

.In the old library of St. Nicholas church in
Newcastle- on-Tyne is a copy of Foxe's Book of
Martyrs, edition of 1632, to which was formerly
attached the chains by which the books were fas-
tened to the desk in the choir of the church.
These chains are now in the possession of Mr.
Emerson Charnley, bookseller of this town.

In Dr. Tomlinson's library attached to the same
church is a fine copy of the edition of 1684 in
three volumes folio. The work itself is perfect and
clean, but it calls aloud for a new binding.

Edward Thompson.

Newcastle-on-Tvne.

There is a good copy in 3 vols, of date 1641 in
the Library belonging to Lichfield Cathedral.

There is a fine large paper copy of the edition
of 1684 in the Permanent Library of Lichfield.

I have vol. i. of the edition of 1641, with the
large woodcut of the " Poysoning of King John
by a Monke," and the " Pope treading on the neck
of the Emperour Frederick," and many other cuts.

T. G. LoMAx.

Lichfield.

In the parish church of Kinver, Staffordshire,
near Stourbridge, is a copy of The Acts and
Monuments of Christian Martyrs, printed by John
Daye, 1583 ; together with a sermon in Latin in
the reigne of Edward VI. by John Jewel, Bishop
of Sarisburie, and The Whole Duty of Man, date
1703, which three old volumes are preserved in
a desk standing in the south aisle of the above-
named church. T. E. Winnington.

QUENTIN BEIiY : MORWEG : LAALE.

(2°« S. i. 433.)

The proper title of the book from which Breboeuf
quotes is —

" De HoUandsche Liis met de Brabandsche-Bely,
poetischer Wyse vorgestelt en gedicht, door Gilles Jacobs
Quintiin, 's Gravenhage, 1629, pp. 368."

The lines quoted are at p. 198. I cannot find
any account of the author beyond what is in his
book, from which it appears that he had lived
about twenty years at Haarlem as a citizen and
shopkeeper (burger en koopman), p. 332., but was
residing at the Hague in 1629, as the book
" vindtse te koop by den Autheur, daer nu woo-

nachtig, op de Suyl-straet." At p. 76. he says he
had been some time in London, and (p. 321.)
shows his knowledge of English by a song to the
tune " Com Scheapherdes deck jour Heads."

The two principal poems, Lys and Bely, are
satires descriptive of Dutch manners and morals,
written in easy harmonious doggrel, very pleasant
to read, but not always easy to understand, the
spelling being antiquated, and many of the words
" patter." That the author was a strict moralist
I have little doubt ; but he is occasionally very
coarse, and must have been thought so even in
that coarse age, for (p. 330.) he insists that he
has described the vices of licentious youth only in
such terms as the clergy would use in the pulpit.
Among the prodigalities of the women who dress,
beyond their station he mentions the wearing of
stockings (p. 188.), and having wine poured over
their hands instead of water after dinner (p. 213.).
Some ladies smoked : —

" Anderen Tabacco drincken
Die dan stincken

Als een bier-man, in de banck :

Wie ! son willen by haer slapen,
Allsse gapen,

Overraits haer vuylcr stanck ! "

All these, however, are the "bastaerdt soorte," not
the virtuous old Brabanters.

At p. 348. are some lines to the reader who may
think the book dear. I do not make out the price,
but it could not be low. The printing is excel-
lent, and the paper so good that the cuts are un-
injured by the letter-press on their backs. The
drawing and engraving are of a high order ; the
figures are wonderfully varied and alive, and the
subjects generally treated with great decency, for
that time. I say generally, for one illustration is
the dirtiest I ever saw.

As the book is not common, perhaps you may
find room for a handsome compliment to the Eng-
lish youth of the beginning of the seventeenth
century. In an address to the Netherlandish
young men in London Quintyn says : —

" De Engels Jeugdt aldaer

U voorgaet allegaer,
In Eerbaerheijt van leven :
Wilt haer nu volgen dan
Om dat myn pen u kan
Haest heter roem na geven
Siet, hoe de Engels Maegt,
Haer Vader daer behaegt ;
Als sy in vuyle weder,
Eerbiedig op de straet

Haer plicht hem blijkcn laet,
Int vallen voor hem neder *,
Sie ist in kleren net
Niet slordig als een slet
Niet kaeckel-bont als hoeren
Hoe komtem dan Vriendin,
Dat gy, door dertel sin, ■
Vlaet aldus vervoreren?

* An expensive mark of respect if the daughter is not
emancipated, and the father pays her dressmaker.

536

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

Dy Jongman, die daer leeft,

De Engelsman oocli geeft
Een voorbeeldt, om te leeren :

Sie hem sijn Ouders daer,

AUijdt so voor als naer,
Gehoorsam sijn, ea eeren." — P. 80.

Lacde. — Probably Laale is the collector of pro-
▼erbs, known also as Petrus Legista. There are
many editions of his work ; the best is, —

"PederLolles Samling af danske og latinske Ordsprog,
optrykt efter den oeldste Udgave af Aar, 1506, og med
Anraoerkninger oplyst af II. N^-erup. Kiobenhavn, 1828,
8vo. pp. 408,"

In the preface will be found all that is known
about Laale.

Of Morweg I can find no account. H. B. C.
U. U. Club.

WABREN HASTINGS IMPEACHMENT.

(2°i S. vii. 145. 204.)

In the former of these places P. H. F. on the
authority of Mr. Gurney states that the cele-
brated speech of Mr. Sheridan was not published
in any more authentic form than in the newspa-
pers of the day. In the latter, another cor-
respondent says there exists no report of the
celebrated speech delivered by Mr. Sheridan on
7th Feb. 1787. The question naturally arises as
to how much of that famous speech has been pre-
served.

My attention having been called to the subject
in connexion with a volume in my possession is
the reason for the present Note. The volume al-
luded to contains four articles : —

1. The Speech of Mr. Hardinge, at the Bar of the
Lords, Dec. IG, 1783. London : J. Stockdale, 1784, pp.
82.

2. Articles of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemea-
nors against Warren Hastings, Esq., April 4th, 1786. By
Burke. London : J. Debrett, 1786, pp. 322.

3. The Speech of R. B. Sheridan, Esq., Member for
Stafford, on Wednesday the 7th of Februarjs 1787, in
bringing forward the Fourth Charge against Warren
Hastings, Esq., relative to the Begums of Oude. The
Second Edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged. Re-
ported by a Member of the House of Commons. London :
Printed for J. French, Bookseller, No. 164. Fenchurcli
Street, 1787, pp. 76.

4. The Speech of Rt. Hon. W. W. Grenville in Com-
mittee on State of Nation, Jan. 16, 1789. London :
Stockdale, 1789, pp. 58.

From the preface to No. 3. I quote the com-
mencement : —

" Solicitous as the public arc to have a perfect copy of
the most eloquent speech that was ever delivered in Par-
liament, their wishes must be in a great measure disap-
pointed, from the ver3'' liberal determination of Mr.
Sheridan to give no kind of assistance in reporting it
publicly."

At p. 2. the occasion is thus described : —

"Mr. Sheridan, during a speech which lasted near five
hours and three quarters, commanded the most profound

attention and admiration of the House. His matchless
oration united the most solid argument with the most
persuasive eloquence. His sound reasoning giving ad-
ditional energy to truth, and his logical perspicuity,
and unerring judgment, throwing a light upon, and per-
vading the obscurity, of the most involved and compli-
cafed subject."

The report is almost entirely in the third per-
son, and is such a one as might be produced by
copious notes, written out very soon after by a
person of retentive memory.

While upon the subject may I inquire what
became of the great collection of printed docu-
ments relating to this famous trial, and which
filled a good many folio volumes ? It remained
at Daylesford until six or seven years since, when
I saw it just prior to the sale by which the
contents of the house were scattered lor ever.

B. H. C.

THE GREAT BELL OF MOSCOW : CHINESE INVEN-
TIONS.

(2"'' S. vlli. 306. 442.)

Not having said that the bell of Moscow was
fractured by ringing, as M. van Lennep infers, I
nevertheless offer no objection to his caveat to
others to prevent a like erroneous inference. M.
VAN Lennep objects partially to my statement
that Europeans are indebted to the Chinese for
the invention of the magnet, and wholly to my
statement that they are similarly indebted to the
Chinese for the art of printing and paper-monej'.
M. VAN Lennep thinks it behoves me to show that
this really was the case. As these remarks refer
to obiter dicta, I may fairly reply that I merely
stated my own opinion on a matter dependent for
proof on circumstantial evidence only, on which
he is equally entitled to hold an opposite opinion,
without being required to show that " this really
was the case." In fairness to the Chinese I must
add to the magnet, printing and paper-mone)-,
gunpowder, pyrotechnics, porcelain, silk, German
silver, and lacquered ware. The propositions
which I consider indisputable in reference to
these inventions, are, I. The origin of these arts
is certainly to be ascribed to the Chinese ; and
they are of uncertain invention in Europe. 2.,
All these arts existed in China long before they
were known to Europeans ; and 3. That means of
intercourse between China and this western por-
tion of the earth, whereby these arts might be
copied from the Chinese, have existed from re-
mote ages and anterior to history. To adduce
the evidence on which I rest my opinion, would
far exceed the limits of " N. & Q." : nevertheless,
I will add a few excerpts which may be deemed
worthy of notice, and which may not be generally
known.

Magnet.

The communication of polarity to iron by the

2^* S. VIII. Dice. 31. '59.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

537

loadstone is first inentione<I iii a Chinese dic-
tionary finished a.d. 121.

The needle of the largest compass (in China) is
not above three inches lonjr, one end of which is a
kind of Jloirer-de-hice, and the other a tridept ;
ihey are all made at Navgazaqni. (Du Halde, ii.
284.)

Du Halde has stated that the directive power,
or polarity, of the magnet, was known to the
Chinese in the earliest ages, and that the needle
had been employed fo guide travellers by land
a thousand years before Christ ; and it is stated
by Humboldt, that, according to the Peutlisaoyani,
a treatise on medical natural history, written
under the Soong dynasty, 400 years before Co-
lumbus, the Cliinese suspended the needle by a
thread, and found it to decline to the S.E., and
never to rest at the true south point. {^Encyc.
Brit., art. " Magnetism," p. 685.)

Paper-Money.

In the reign of Hong vou, when money was be-
come very scarce, they [the Chinese] paid the
mandarins and soldiers partly in silver and partly
in paper, giving them a sheet of paper sealed
with the imperial seal, which was reckoned at a
ihousand deniers, and was of the same value as
the taels of silver. These sheets are yet much
sought after by those that build, who hang them
up as a rarity on the chief beam of the house,
which, according to the vulgar notion, preserves
the house from all misfortunes. (Du Halde, ii.
292.)

These imperial bank notes had the following
inscription : —

" The Court of the Treasurj^ having presented their
petition, it is decreed that the paper-money thus marked
with the Imperial Seal of Ming shall pass current, and
be put to the same use as copper coin. Those who coun-
terfeit it shall be beheaded. He who shall inform ....
shall have a reward of 250 taiJls, besides the goods of the
criminal, whether moveable or immoveable." (Z)m Halde,
ii. 303.)

P}-intirig.

The engraver pastes every sheet (transcribed
by a good writer) upon a plate of apple or pear-
tree wood, and with a graver follows the traces
and carves out the characters by cutting down
the rest of the wood : so he makes as many dif-
lerent plates as there are pages to print. {Du
Halde, ii. 435.)

Nevertheless the Chinese are not ignorant of
the manner of printing in Europe ; they have
moveable characters like ours, the only difference
is that ours are of metal, and theirs of wood.
(Du Halde, ii. 436.)

Any person who visits the British Museum
and compares the earliest specimens of German
])rinting with the last and best of the French will
have ocular proof that Fust and Gutenberg could
not have arrived at so great a height of perfec-

tion except after ages of previous labours — of dif-
ficulties met and overcome. T. J. Bdckton.
Lichfield.

»f utte^ to :^tn0r ^LMtxiti,

Precedency (2"^ S. viii. 398.)— J. R. will find a
notice of Lord Egmont's pamphlet in the Monthly
Bevieiv, vol. xxv. p. 232. S. H.

Ancient. Keys (2"*' S. viii. 353.) — Some in-
teresting information on the early history of locks
and keys, with illustrated examples, is contained
in Treatise on Fire and Thief-Proof Depositories,
and Locks and Keys, by George Price. London,
Simpkin & Marshall. 1856. G. W. W. M.

Highland Regiment at the Battle of Leipsic (2"'*
S. viii. 469.) — Sir William Congreve, in the in-
troduction to his Rochet System, states that the
only British force present at this battle was the
Rocket Troop under Captain Bogue, who was
killed. Sigma Theta.

Herle d'Or (2"'' S. viii. 424.)— May not the
Camphorosma Monspesulensis be the herbe d'or
inquired after by F. C. B. ? It has a spike of
yellow flowers, may be said to resemble the He-
lianthemura in general character, and was for-
merly very highly esteemed in medicine, though
now no longer in repute. C. B.

Old Ballad of Hockley i tK Hole (2"'^ S. viii.
414.) — Mr. W. S. Pinks will find a copy of this
ballad in Merry Drollery Complete, 1661, and the
tune in The Dancing Master, 1651. It com-
mences : —

" Kiding to London on Dunstable way,
I met with a maid, on a midsummer day ;
Her eyes they did sparkle like stars in the sk3-.
Her face it was fair, and her forehead was high," &c.

Wm. Chappeli..

" Soul is form and doth the hody make" (2"^ S.
viii. 417.) — W. P. may like to compare Hooker,
Eccl. Pol I 3. (foot note) : —

"Form in other creatures is a thing proportionable unto
the soul in living creatures: sensible it is not, nor other-
wise discernible than only by effects. Acctwrditig to the
diversity of inward forms, things of the world are dis-
tinguished into their kinds."

Ache.

Pepys's Diary, SfC. (2"^ S. viii. 433.) — There
can be little difiiculty in finding a clue to the ex-
pressions used by the reader (as Pepys calls him)
in his rather startling prayer. He was doubtless
referring to the consecration of the priests, and
the cleansing of the leper, in the Mosaic law : —

"Then shalt thou kill the ram, and take of his blood,
and put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and
upon the tip of the right ear of liis sons, and upon the
thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their

538

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2°d S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar round
about." Exodus xxix. 20. See also Leviticus, viii. 23. ;
xiv. 14., &c.

C. W. Bingham.

No Human Speech before the Flood without
Error (2"*^ S. viii. 379.) — Here is an oversight of
Sir T. Browne's editor, Wilkin, in reading hut for
not. What Browne evidently meant was : "there
is not one speech delivered by man, wherein there
is not an erroneous conception." ( Vulgar Errors,
i. 2.) He says there are " but six recorded," and
he discusses each sena^m, pointing out particu-
larly the erroneous conceptions involved in all of
them, without exception. The naming of Noah
Browne does not consider to be a speech.

T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.

A Regiment all of one Name (2"* S. viii. 351.) —
During the French revolutionary war, a regiment
of volunteers was raised on the Border, all of whom
were Elliotts, and who invariably marched to the
old tune of

" My name it's wee Tam Elliott,
And wha daur meddle wi' me."

W. B. C.
Nelsons Car (2"* S. viii. 380.)— Nelson's fu-
neral car, which formei'ly stood in the Painted
Hall, Greenwich Hospital, was removed about
thirty-six years since, by order of Mr. Locker,
then Secretary and since Commissioner of the
Hospital. This order is understood to have given
great dissatisfaction. The place assigned for it
was a gallery at the foot of the dome, over the
chapel. It is believed, however, that very little
of it reached its destination, as the ear being in a
dilapidated state, large portions were given away
to those who applied, as mementos of the admiral.

J. H. W.

Prince Rupert (2°"^ S. viii. 418.) — Prince Ru-
pert's arms, crest, and supporters may be seen in
Guillim's Heraldry, 5th edition, folio, 1679;
Achievements of Dukes, folio 32. F. G. W.

Naked- Boy Court (2"'^ S. ii. 38. ; iii. 254. 317.
456.) — With us, in Holland, the beautiful and
cold-like little plant, which almost appears to
shiver in its scanty dress of lanceolated leaves,
the graceful snowdrop, is called Jiaakfe mannetje,
naked mannikin, or sneeuw-manneije. There is so
much poetry in this unsophisticated name, that I
cannot but wonder at the prudery of the gentle-
man who, when our Queen asked him the Dutch
for her Schnee-gluckchen, diflSdently replied
'■'■ Sneeuwklohjen" which never was the popular
appellation. Are the naked-boys of Norfolk not
perhaps identical with our naakte mannetjesf or
does the similarity of thought not point to simi-
larity in growth, and, in our nations, to identity
of origin ? Who knows but a beautiful and touch-
ing legend is attached to the two kinds of flowers,

— to snowdrop and autumnal crocus: the latter
only bearing fruit in Spring, the former cheering
our bleak meadows with the hopes of flowering
May ! J. H. van Lennep.

Zeyst, near Utrecht.

Night (2"^ S. viii. 11. 57. 78.)— A correspondent
has already pointed out that, misled by the simi-
larity of title, I had hastily assigned my Glasgow
book to the author of Peter Faultless.

The result of my inquiry is this : — Night, a
Poem, Glas. 1811, is the production of Mr. G.
Martin ; and Peter Faultless, by the Author of
Night, is the Corn-Law Rhymer's invective, d la
Byron, against the Monthly Reviewers for cut-
ting up his Night, now shown to have been
printed at London in 1830.

If Elliott suppressed Peter Faultless, it was not
effectually done, for I have two copies of the
book. J. O.

Scotch Clergy deprived in 1689 (2"'i S. viii.
329.)—

"An Account of the present Persecution of the Church
in Scotland, in several Letters. London. Printed for S.
Cook. 1690,"
and

" The Case of the present afflicted Clergj' in Scotland
truh' represented, &c. Printed for J. Hindmarsh,' at the
Golden Ball, over against the Royal Exchange, in Corn-
hill. 1G90,"

are works which, though they do not contain a
list of the episcopal clergy deprived in 1689, give
the names of a great many, and particulars of
their sufferings.

" Dr. Strachan, Professor of Theology, Edin-
burgh, and one of the ministers of the Tron
Church," is mentioned as " the first sacrifice."

B.W.

Birtsmorton Court, Worcestershire (2"*^ S. viii.
437.) — In reply to your correspondent H. W.,
I know of no topographical work containing a
drawing of Birtsmorton Court. There is a short
description of it in Nash's Worcestershire, under
the "Collections for the Parish;" and a more full
account in Noake's Rambler in Worcestershire, 3rd
Series, published 1854. _ T. E. W.

The "latter work describes the ancient tombs in
the adjoining church.

Military Funerals (2°'' S. vii.496.) — To answer
A. C. LoMAx's queries I have looked through
several military works. The earliest account of
the procession, &c., that I have been able to trace
is contained in a folio work entitled The Compleat
Body of the A7t Military, by Richard Elton, Lieut.-
Colonel, published in 1688. In chap. 25. lib. iir.
pp. 190-192., A, C. LoMAx will find full instruc-
tions for " the ordering of a private company into
a funeral service ; " and in chap. 26. lib. in. p.
192. similar instructions, though more brief, for

2'"» S. VIII. Dec. 31. '69.]

NOTES AND QUEKIES.

539

"the ordering of a regiment to a funeral occa-
sion." In both cases the systems then followed
very much resemble the general one now the rule
of the service. The rear (that is, the junior ranks)
marched in front, with arms reversed, and at the
grave fired three volleys. This is sufficient to
show that the custom is not a modern institution ;
but whence its origin is yet to be ascertained.
Should A. C. LoMAx desire a copy of the chap-
ters alluded to, I shall be happy to give him at-
tention. M. S. li.
Brompton Barracks.

Grosseteste's " Castle of Love" (2"^ S. viii.416.)
— On a close consideration it would appear that
by " fourty times" we are to understand " forty
hours." " Times, hours." (Halliwell, Wright.)
Cf. Dan. time, SweJ. timme, an hour. The meaning
of the passage cited by Mr. OrroR will then be
evident.

" For from the rode for our nede,
Right into helle he gede ;
Fourty times there he wes,
Er that he to aryse ches " (chose).

That is, during the whole interval of forty
hours, from the time when He died upon the
cross to the time when He was pleased to rise
from .the dead, his spirit abode in the place of de-
parted souls.

So Pearson On the Creed : — " When all the
Bufferings of Christ were finished on the cross,

and his soul was separated I'rom his body

his soul went to the place where the souls of men
are kept who die for their sins." (Ed. 1849, p.
473.) So also the Articles of 1552, which Pear-
son cites : — " V/hile dead," (that is, from the
period when our Lord expired upon the cross to
the period of his resurrection), " his spirit was
with the spirits detained in prison." (p. 428.)

But how can this make " forty hours? " Our
Lord, it is sufficiently clear, expired upon the
cross about three o'clock on the afternoon of
Good Friday ; and as, on the morning of Easter
Sunday, his resurrection was an ascertained fact
" at the rising of the sun " (Mark xvi. 3.), nay,
" when it was yet dark" (John xx. 1.), the re-
surrection can hardly have taken place later on
that morning than four or five o'clock ; and this
would make the whole space of time thirty-seven
hours, or thirty-eight at the utmost.

The full discussion of this point would be far
too extended for your pages. Otherwise it might
easily be shown how, by a confusion of the Ro-
man and Jewish computations of time, the idea
may have very possibly arisen that the whole in-
terval, from our Lord's death to his resurrection,
extended to the full period of " fourty times," or
forty hours. Thomas Boys.

Hammer Cloth (2"^^ S. viii. 381. 407. 439.) —
Richardson, in his 8vo. Did., adopts the explana-

tion of Pegge, and I think he is right. He
writes : —

" Hammer Cloth, or Hammer -boa; Cloth : cloth to cover
the box in front of the carriage (on which the driver sits,
he should have said), in which a hammer and other im-
plements, to prevent or remedy accidents in travelling
were put. Since called the coach-box.'^

I have myself rode in a four-wheeled chaise
with a relation whose profession carried him all
over the country, who always provided himself
with all these utensils in the box under his seat.
How much more necessary would they be, con-
sidering the state of the roads, when coaches were
first introduced, about the middle of the sixteenth
century. *

Hammer is a word common to all northern lan-
guages. Hammock appears first in the form of
hamae'a, which Hackluyt calls a Brazilian bed,
used by the Spaniards and by themselves while in
the country. This word the Dutch, Germans,
Swedes, and Danes, seem to have transformed
into hang-mat.

But your correspondent, Mb. Oede, has no doubt
hammock- cloth is the correct reading. I have.

I leave the interpretation of shin-cloth to some
learned member of the Philological Society. Q.

Old Graveyards in Ireland (2°'^ S. viii. 69.) —
I copied the following from an Irish periodical
some years ago, but cannot now say the name of
it. It is an epitaph on Edward Moiley, viz. : —

" Sacred to the memory of the benevolent Edward
MoUej', the frieriil of humanitj', and father of the poor.
He employed the weaith of this world only to secure the
riches of the next ; and leaving a balance of merit on the
Book of Life, he made Heaven debtor to Mercy."

The words in Italics are so in the publication ;
and I can only ask some local correspondent of
"iST. & Q.," — Is it possible? George Lloyd.

Kentish Longtails (2"" S. viii. 377. 425.) — A
very valuable little treatise on the Domesday
Book, by James F. Morgan, M.A., intituled Eng-
land under the Norman Occupation (Williams &
Norgate), has the following suggestion (p. 40.)
on this subject : —

" There was a mile peculiar to Kent, as well as a cus-
tomary field admeasurement. These long tales are possi-
bly' the longtails of which this countj' used to be so
proud."

Notes appended refer to the proverb about
" Kentish miles, " and quote from Drayton,
Longtails and Liberty. B. B. Woodward.

" Decanatus Christianitatis" (2°** S. viii. 415.) —
The. term Christianitas, which in a larger sense
included all Christian people, sometimes implied
the clergy : " Christianitas, pro Clericatu." The
Christianitatis Decanus was the Dean who pre-
sided over the clergy of a particular district.
" Christianitatis Decanus, qui in suo districtu
prseesfc Christianitati. Philippus, Decanus Chris-

540

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»'» S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

iianiiatls Stampensis" [d'Etampes]. " Vocato ad
hoc Decano Christianitutis loci." Du Cange, 1842.
It would appear, then, that the expression Dc-
canatus Christianitatis, as applied to lands^ indi-
cated the prcedium specially assigned for the due
maintenance of the Dean, as chief of the Chapter.

Thomas Boys.

Portraits of Archbishop Laud (2"'» S. viii. 309.
437.) — On a blank page in the register book of
South Kilworth, co. Leicester, there is a pen
and ink sketch of Archbishop Laud, with the
name of Vandyke, if I remember rightly, in the
corner. A.

Altar Tomb as Communion Table (2°'' S. viii.
379.) — At Tong, in Shropshire, there is a very
fine alabaster tomb used as the communion table.
There is a very good description of Tong church
in one of the six first numbers of the Archceolo-
gical Journal. A.

Liverpool, c\c. (2"'^ S. viii. 110. 198. 239. 257.) —
As this is said to be a vexed question, perhaps
the following extract from The Glossary of He-
raldry, p. 203., published by J. H. Parker, Oxford,
may be interesting to 3'our correspondent B.ILC,
as suggestive of the derivation of the name : —

"Lever — The cormorant; part of the insignia of the
town of Liverpool."

E. A. B.

Sancte-bell (V^ S. v. 104. 208.; x. 332. 434.;
xi. 150.) — As these bells are by no means com-
mon, I may perhaps be allowed to fill a brief space
in these pages by mentioning four examples that
are not given in Bloxam's Glossary : —

1. Wyre, Worcestershire. This church is of
Saxon (or, at any rate, very early Norman) archi-
tecture, and the bell-cot (in which the sancte-bell
still remains) at the junction of the nave and
chancel, appears to be contemporaneous with the
earliest portions of the edifice.

2. Hampton Lovett, Worcestershire. This church
Las been lately restored by Sir John Pakington,
but I presume that the old bell-cot has not been
interfered with.

3. Whitbou7-ne, Herefordshire, close on the bor-
ders of Worcestershire in the valley of the Teme.
A fine ancient lych-gate will also be found here.

4. March, Cambridgeshire. The bell- cot is very
handsome, and in good condition, but the bell is
gone. The state of this beautiful church, as re-
gards its horse-boxes of pues, and its " Gre-
cian" chancel, is much to be deplored; but the
open timber roof of the nave is " a thing of
beauty," and, it is to be hoped, will remain " a
joy for ever." It is in a fine state of preservation,
and is a mass of elaborate ornament. Its most
striking and beautiful feature consists in its eighty
figures of angels, with their wings loidely -spread,
and the outer feathers left distinct. Such a winged

company, and in such an unmutilated condition, is
a rare sight, and is worthy of a visit, even though
that visit should necessarily include the dangers
and discomforts of the Eastern Counties Railway.

CUTHBERT BeDE.

Titles conferred by Olicer Cromv;e\l (2°* S. vii.
476. 518. ; viii. 382. 420.) —The Protector made
one baronet of Ireland, viz. Maurice Fenton, son
and heir of Sir William Fenton of Mitchelstown,
CO. Cork, Knight, who was so created 14 July,
1658. According to Burke {Extinct and Dormant
Baronetcies, p. 605.) he was succeeded in the title
by his son Sir William, called second baronet,
which, if correct, is singular,'a3 tliere seems to be no
vestige of any other creation by Charles II. Sir
Maurice was one of the Irish members of Richard
Cromwell's House of Commons. R. R.

Extracts from an Early MS. (2""^ S. viii. 411.)
— I can identify the last of these extracts. The
words " Sanguineo ore Gallus contra Anglos " are
not a line, but only a heading prefixed by the
transcriber to the verses which follow, beginning
" SicciDC tarn crebris frustra conventibus Anglos
Qiiaerimus, et dubii pacis abimus iter."
They were written in the bitterness of his spirit
by (^aguin,the minister of Charles VIII. of France,
who was sent over to England in embassy in the
winter of 1490, with a view to establish friendly
relations between the two countries. Charles VIIL
was at that time engaged ia war with Brittany,
which he was bent on reducing into complete sub-
jection ; and England was looking on with great
impatience, determined to interfere, as she after-
wards did, though too late, in behalf of the duchy,
and at the same time compel the King of France
to acknowledge himself a vassal of England by
the renewal of the tribute paid by Lewis XL to
Edward IV. Ambassadors of both powers first
met at Calais; afterwards Gaguin and his col-
leagues came to England, but after a good deal of
going and coming were unable to effect the object
of their mission. Gaguin revenged himself for his
ill success by the above epigram, wliich is men-
tioned by Bernard Andre in his Life of Henry
VIL* recently edited by me in the Government
Series of Chronicles. Unfortunately Andre quotes
only the first line of the poem ; otherwise it would
have been possible to correct some manifest errors
and omissions in H. F.'s copy, which I can throw
no light on. There is no difficulty, however, about
the general sense.

Henry VII. was perhaps not insensible to the
taunt of ingratitude thrown at him in the line

" Exul, ope nostra victor, ad anna redis,"
having been unquestionably indebted to France
for his elevation to the throne. All the poets on
this side the Cliannel appear to have taxed their
ingenuity to answer Gaguin. That of iEgidius

* See Memorials of Henry VII. p. 5C.

2°« S. VIII. Dec. 31. '69.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

541

Anglicus in II. F.'s MS. was probably not the
worst reply, Bernard Andre mentions one by
Cornelius Vitellius, beginning

"Siccine piirpureos incessis carmine rej^es?
Legati officio siccine functus abis.'"

and others by John de GIglis and Petrus Carme-
lianus of Brescia, the king's secretary. Andre
himself, as he rather amusingly tells us, composed
nearly 200 lines in answer, consisting of about
fifty hexameters, two sets of elegiac verses, and a
hendecasyllabic poem, of each of which he qiiotes
the commencement, and of the latter the conclu-
sion, "propter memoriam, sen majus jactantiam."

James Gairdnee.
Passports (2"'^ S. viii. 117.) — Some notices re-
lative to the origin, form, and purpose of passports
have appeared in " N. & Q." I transmit the fol-
lowing quotation from the recelit most interesting
volume of the Camden Society, Original Papers
illustratice of the Life and W?-itings of Milton,
edited by W. Douglas Hamilton of H. M. State
Paper Office : —

" The third in the form of Letters Patent granted to
the German divine Peter George Romswinckel, is a good
example of the early passports, -whicli were not, lilse their
modern substitutes, mere permissions to enter the terri-
tories of friendly states, but letters of recommendation
authorising the bearer to travel without molestation
through the dominions of the government by which they
were granted, and to quit its ports in safety ; for at that
time no one could leave the shores, even of England,
without permission.

" The value of the passport had reference rather to the
departure of the traveller from his own country than to
his landing abroad, although, as it generally' expressed
his position in society and the object of his journej', it
was often found of service at foreign courts, and some-
times, as in this instance, recommended the bearer to the
good oflfices of friendly powers."

If I may hazard a conjecture for the considera-
tion of others, I should submit that a passport, or
permission to leave the shores of England, was re-
quisite from a very early period, and that the ne-
cessity of this encouraged a kind of contraband
trade for the conveyance to the courts of France
of those who were unable or unwilling to obtain
the necessary pass. There would be also, I think,
a difference between a passport and a permission
to travel. S. H.

^^ Damask" (2°^ S. viii. 430.) — Damasking was
properly the art of engraving or channelling steel,
and inlaying the cavities thus opened witli gold or
silver, after the fashion of Damascus. To damask
was also to work silk, linen, &c. with flowers or
figures ; but it was, thirdly, to mark paper after a

similar fashion. " To damask to draio

dravghts on paper." (Bailey, 1736.) It would
seem that something of this last kind was intended
by the Act which required that the sheets of every
pirated book should be forfeited to the lawful
proprietors of the work ; and that the proprietors

should '■'■damask " the said sheets, " and make waste
paper of them." The proprietors, though they
received the forfeited sheets, were not to have the
benefit of them as so much letterpress, but were
to efface or cancel them. Probably in this case
the particular mode of damasking employed,
was by making of the sheets what we now call
marbled paper ; an article which in former times,
I believe, publishers and bookbinders often manu-
factured for themselves. But there is also a kind
of paper, called damask paper, occasionally used
for the lining of books.

" To damask potable liquors " was, by a farther
extension of meaning, "to warm them a little, to
make them mantle." (Bailey.) Thomas Boys.

I would suggest that this word, as used in the
enactment quoted by Inquirer, may not refer at
all to the word derived from Damascus, but may
be derived from the French word demasquer, and
mean " to disfigure and spoil the books," and so
change their appearance as to prepare ihem for
waste paper. F. C. IT.

Four Kings (2"* S. viii. 417.) — There is an
earlier instance of the entertainment of four kings
by a private individual. Under the date of 1363,
Stow relates that Sir Henry Pican, a merchant-
vintner of Gascony, who had been mayor, made a
magnificent entertainment at his house (since
called the " Vintry") for no less than four kings
at once, viz. of England, Edward IV. ; Scotland,
David Bruce ; France, John ; and Cyprus, Peter :
besides the kings' sons and most of the nobility of
England, who were also present : —

" This deserves our particular notice, for as we do not
read of so many foreign princes to have been in England
at one time, so certainly never before had any private
citizen the honour to entertain so many." — ^Tyrrell's Hist,
of Enqland, v. G54.

W. D. C.

Clarendon House, Piccadilly (2"^ S.^ viii. 400.)—
I think J. G. N. must have been mistaken when
he said that the pilasters on either side the
" Three Kings' Inn" gateway have been removed,
as the right hand one is still standing in its usual
place ; and the left band one has been removed,
but a few weeks ago, to a little farther down the
yard, where (I am informed) it still lies.

Chelsega.

Publication of Banns (2''^ S. viii. 227.)— In the
church of Roydon, near Diss, the banns of mar-
riage are published after the Nicene Creed.

Remigius.

Brasses at West Harling (2"^ S. viii. 417. 461.)
— I think that F. C. H. wrote somewhat hastily
when he stated that the expression "et pro quibus
tenentur" is frequently met with on sepulchral
brasses. I have read through some hundreds of
inscriptions on these memorials, and can recollect
but one other instance besides that at West Har-

542

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[2»d S. VIII. Dec. 31. '59.

ling. It is at Eton College Chapel, and is as
follows : —

" Orate p Aiab^ Walter! Hangh Margarete & Isabelle
vxorum eius et p quib'J dcils [i. c. dictus] Walterus orare
tend' [». e. tenetur] qui quylm Walterus obijt xxvij° die
novembris Anno diii Millmo CCCCC° t° quor' AiabS
ppiciet' de ? "

The insertion here of the word 0}-are In con-
nection with tenetur clearly shows that the ex-
pression is to be rendered (as originally suggested
by the editor of " N. & Q.") by " bmind to pray f
it is perhaps equivalent to the exhortation " to
pray for all Christian souls," which is often found
in English inscriptions on brasses. H. Haines.

Gloucester.

" Et pro quibus tenentur." Any suggestion of
your learned correspondent F. C. H. deserves
consideration, but I thiuk there can be little
doubt that the explanation you have given is the
correct one. Certainly it is the meaning I should
be led to attach to the phrase from the following
amplification of it preserved by Blomefield, Nor-
wich, S. John Maddermarket. " On a brass on a
stone by the altar,"

"Orate pro animabus Thome Caus," &c. &c. " Johanne
et Helene Uxorum ejus, qui quidem Johannes ab hae luce
migravit xiii<» die Sept A" diii 1560, et pro quibus idem
Thomas orare tenetur, quorum animabus," &c.

I have met with the expression in old Latin
wills. The following is the nearest translation
that I remember to have seen. It is from a will
dated 1505 : —

"Itm. I will have a honest secular prest of good name
and good fame to sing and py for my faders sooUe my
moders solle my soUe, &c." " And for all the solles that
I and my said fader and moder are beholden to."

ExTBANBUS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Boy's Play Booh of Science, including the various
Manipulations and Arrangements ef Chemical and Philo-
sophicdt Apparatus required for the successful Performance
of Scientific Experiments in illustration of the Elementary
JSranches of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. By John
Henry Pepper. Illustrated with upwards of 400 Engrav-
ings. (Routledge.)

The success of Mr. Pepper as a popular lecturer on
scientific subjects is well known. The interest which
his lectures excited in the minds of many of his youthful
auditors was shown by the numerous inquiries made by
them as to the mode of performing his experiments.
These inquiries Mr. Pepper now" answers in the present
volume, containing a series of philosophical experiments
detailed in such a manner — the manipulations being ar-
ranged in a methodical, simple, and popular form — that
any young person may perform them with the greatest
facility. When we add that they are made yet more
plain by upwards of four hundred illustrations from Mr.
Pepper's 'sketches, there can be little doubt that The
Boy's Play Book of Science will take a high place among
books of this class — for we can conceive no more welcome
present to any intelligent boy.

Messrs. Smith & Elder obviously do not agree with
Addison, that it is not in mortals to command success; for
by the arrangements of their new periodical. The Comhill
Magazine, it is clear they mean to win it. Passing over
their shrewd selection of an editor, it is obvious from the
character of the articles, the reputation of the writers,
the illustrations, paper and presswork, that they intend
the Cornhill Magazhie to bo one of the permanent institu-
tions of the country. It is a marvel of cheapness, and a
model of excellence.

Christmas Books. — We have another small batch of
these publications of the season yet to dispose of. Among
these, Christmas Week, a Christmas Tale, by Professor
Christmas, for which we are indebted to Messrs. Black,
is a cheerful and interesting story pleasantly told. To
Messrs. Bell & Daldy we owe Nursery Tales by Mrs.
Motherly, a pleasant companion to the very successful
Nursery Poetry of the same writer, and which is as pret-
tily illustrated as that was ; and also, The Children's Picture
Book of Scripture Parables, loritten in simple Language, by
J. Erskine Clarke, M.A., with IG large Illustrations by
Warren, and The Cfnldren's Pilgrim's Progress, with 16
large Ilhistrations by Wehnert, both of which will find
favour with many juvenile readers for the beauty of the
plates. Messrs. Routledge have added to their stock of
cheap Christmas Books, A Christmas Hamper, by Mark
Lemon, containing some half dozen pleasant Tales of the
Season ; and what is surely most appropriate, The Dinner
Question ; or. How to Dine Well and Economically, by
Tabitha Tickletooth, which is an excellent shilling's
worth.

BOOKS' AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO FUSCHASB.

Particulars of Price, &c.,of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by wliom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose.

Cosin's WoiiKs (Anol. Cath. Lib.) Vol. IV.

Wanted by Eev. W. Sparrow Simpson, Picctory, Friday Street, E.C.

Nbal's HisTonY op THE PoaiTANS. 2 Vols. 4to.

Wanted by Jno. T. Cheetham, Firwood, Chadderton, near
Manchester.

^aiitt^ t0 Correi^fi0ntf«uW.

"N. &Q." of Saturday next (Jan. 6), the first Number of ow New
Volume, will contain, among other interesting and amusing articles, the
follomng Papers : —
John Bruce, Esq. - - Tlie King's Scutclieon.
Sir Henry Ellis - - Earh/ List of Bankrupts.
T. Keightley, Esq. - - Peele's Edward IV.
Rt. Hon. SirG. C. Lewis - The Bonasus, the Bison, and the Bubalus.
Rev. Dr. Maitland - - The Aldinc Aratvs.
Rev. J. E. B. Mayor - Alexander of Abonoteidios and Joseph

Smith.
J. H. Markland.Esq. - Watson, Home, and Jones.
Proffessor De Morgan - Rev. T. Bayes.
J. G. Nichols, Esq. - Gascoigne the Poet.

Ache. Macbeth, Act IV. Sc. \.sa>/s: —

" But yet I'll make assurance double sure,
And take a bond of fate."

Selhach. Eor the derivation of Carronade, see ow 1st S. ix. 408.;
xi. 247.

Inoleboko. a reply wiUbe found in 1st S. ix. 107.

J. W. (Birmingham.) On the early use of Coal in Britain, see 2nd S.
vii. 24. 303.

Ebhata. The death of Dr. Benj. Heath (an«6, p. 402.) should be
May 31, 1817 : 2nd S. \iii. p. 397. col. ii. 1. 17 from bottom, fen- "fifth"
read" sixth."

"Notes and QcHniEs" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in .Monthlt Parts. The subscription for Stamped Copies fyr
Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Half-
yearly Index) is lis. 4 A, which may be paid by Post Office Order in
favour of MsscBs. Bkix and Daldy, 186. Fiiet Stbbbt, E.Ci to whom
aU CoMMCKioATions ron tbb Editor tlumld be addressed.

INDEX.

SECOND SERIES.— VOL. VIII.

■JFor classified articles, see Anonvmoos Works, Books hecextly PtmustiED, Epigrams, Epitaphs, Folk Lore,
Inscriptions, Junius, Philology, Popiana, Proverbs and Phrases, Quotations, Shakspebiana, Songs axu
Ballads, and Swiftiana.]

A.

A. on chorus " Eku loro," 292.

Choyce, Joice, Jocunda, 250.

Kennedy (Wm.), minor poet, 293.
A. (A.) on ambassadors uuburied, 377. 500.

Bells rang backwards, 50-t.

Blodius in heraldry, 177.

Boley Hill, Rochester, 398.

Bugle, an animal, 400.

Bull and bear of Stock li^xchange, 79.

Classical cockney ism, 91. •

Crooked boundaries of fields, 440.

Discountenancing bills of exchange, 226.

Ducdame, in Shakspeare, 284.

Eleu loro, 443.

End, as a local termination, 432.

Fap in Shakspeare, 285.

Folk lore and provincialisms, 483.

Gallimawfry in Shakspeare, 285.

Gunpowder Plot discovered by magic, 369.

Handel's orchestra, 78.

Harry Sophister, 86.

Illoques, its derivation, 146.

Ligatures facere, 196.

Monumental brasses, their preservation, 107.

Northamptonshire story, 485.

Pandy, the Sepoy rebel, 89.

Paoli (Pascal), death of his son, 399.

Tews, historical notice of, 204.

Pompeii, encaustic paintings at, 89.

Serfdom in England, 278.

Shooting soldiers, memorial of, 70.

Side saddles, 187.

Story of Marshal Turenne, 88.

Ten and Teuglars, 52.

Tote, its etymology, 443.

Tricolor flag of France, 192.

Venice, its mediasval architecture, 108.

Widow's cap, its origin, 433.
Abclard (Peter), his works, 103.
,Al)hba on Addison's house near Dublin, 432.

Baratariana, 95. 139.

Bibliographical queries, 29. 186.

Abhba on bride and bridegroom aged 97 and 99, 144.

Cliarity-box for distressed gentlemen, 108.

" Complete Irish Traveller," its author, 146.

Cutis (John Lord), 132.

Danish forts in Ireland, 268.

Denny (Lady Arabella), 88.

Donnybrook near Dublin, 129.

Dublin Lord Mayor, 1764, 207.

Duhigg (Bartholomew Thomas), 9.

" Familiar Epistles on the Irish Stage," 512.

Graveyards in Ireland, 69.

Handel's Hallelujah Chorus, 107.

" History of Ireland," its author, 250.

Holt (General Joseph), "Memoirs," 9.

Irish Extinct and Dormant Peerage, 288.

" Irish Pursuits of Literature," 515.

Iri-sh stamps, 50.

King (Abp.), his portrait, 169.

Leslie's Answer to Abp. King, 252.

"Letter to a Clergyman," &c., 27.

Jliller's Lectures on the Greek language, 50.

Murphy (Bp.), his Irish MSS., 169.

Navy of England 200 years ago, 68.

Xewcome (Abp.), Memoirs, 310.

Nicolson (Dr. Wni.), Abp. of Cashel, 413.

" Parliament of Pimlico," &c., 89.

Pearce (Lieut. Gen. Thomas), 226.

Pearce (Sir Edward Lovett), 28.

Pococke (Bp.), Tour through Ireland, 109.

Petty (Sir William), MS. Letters, 130.

Power (Henry Lord), 378. .

Read (Dr. James), 70.

Eingsend, St. Matthew's Chapel, 52.

Robinson (Bryan), M.D., 28.

St. Andrew's parish, Dublin, 146.

St. Patrick's ridges, 89.

Scutch mills in Ireland, 88.

Sedan-chairs in Dublin, 185.

Ussher (Sir William), 324. 438.

Van Lewen (John), M.D., 146.
Abracadabra on book stall collectors, 494.

Cromwell (Oliver), lettere, 287.

Drake (Sir Francis), his portrait, 205.

Italian music in England, 290.

544 •

INDEX.

Abracadabra on Kubens' pass, and destroyed record?, 410

Unlucky days, 429.
Abrough, or Borough family, 89.
Ache on cock and bull stories, 215.
Drunkard's corpse burnt, 12.
Hooker's Eccles. Polity, quoted, 537.
Odcombyan decambulator, 14.

Pregnant women pardoned, 29.
Side saddles, 238.

Villeins, sale of, 18.

Wicklifs translation of the New Testament, 452.

Witches worried at a stake, 27. 239.
Actore, English, in Germany, 2 1 .
Addison (Joseph), his house near Dublin, 432.
Adenborough, 51. 114.
Admiralty documents destroyed, 410.
Adye (W. L.) on J. W. Willett, 520.
Aeddan ab Gavran, king of the Dalraiad Scots, 71.
A. (E. H.) on Beaumont's Life of Dean Granville, 206.

Collinson (James) of Lancaster, 328.

Cromwell's knights, 216.

Delavals of Seaton Delaval, 394.

EfiFord, or Ebbingford, 405.

Ring posies, 216. 466.

Sheridan's speech on Hastings' trial, 259,

Thirkeld (Rev. William), 451.

Travelling of sound experimentally proved, 505.

Vilain Quatorze, origin of title, 466.

" Vindicta Bernardi," 329.
iEsop's Fables, mutilated editions, 414.
A. (F. C.) on residence in the Tower of London, 69.
Aftghanistan, seals of officers at, 289. 386. 423.
Ageda (Bp. Christianas), prophecy found in his sepul-
chre, 226.
Agincourt, assumption of arms by those who fought at,

399.
Aide-de-camp to Lord Primate and Chancellor, 378.
Aikman (.James), noticed, 130.
A. (L M.) on Drummond of Colquhalzic, 327.
Ainsworth (W. H.) on Dr. Mackenzie's Life of Dr.

Maginn, 235.
Aldgate, great pit at the plague, 288.
Aldrynton, parchment deed of, 57.
Alexander (Sigismund and Henry), 292. 336. 479.
Alexander IL, his charter, 246.
'A\i€vs on the Bnite Chronicles, 39.

Births .ind deaths of authors, 118.

" Sketches of Ii'ish Political Characters," 59.
Aliquis on seal queries, 376.
Alleyn (Edward), Richard Jones's letter to, 22.
Alleyne (Richard), of Susses, 39.
All Fool's Day, origin of, 283.
AUington (John), Vicar of Leamington, 46. 78.
Allobrox, its meaning, 1 7.
Almanac, vacant dates, 309. 405.
Almery explained, 251.
Alpha on Harding family, 88.

Altars, the super, in cathedrals, 204. 255. 297. 337.
Altar-tomb used as a communion table, 379. 540.
A. (M.) on De Foe's descendants, 299.
Ambassadors unburied in Westminster Abbey, 377. 443.

498.
Ameilhon (Abbd), destroyed French records, 529.
American antiquities, 92.
Amei'ican dramatists, 250.
American statesman's library, 450,

Amicus on Jack of Newbury, 304.

Oughton (Sir James Adolphus), 18.
Ampoule (Ste), formerly at Eheims, 381.
Anderson (Dr. James), parentage, 169. 217. 327.;

papers, 457. 475.
Anderson (Prof. John), his papers, 255. 345. 358. 515.
Anderson (T. C.) on bombs, 37.

Blowing from cannon, 39.

British anthropophagi, 73.

" Dance of Death," 96.

Grave diggers, 76. .

Longevity, 97.

Negi-o slaves sold in England, 58.

Prophecy respecting France, 226.

Smoking anecdote, 107.

Snuff-box presented to George IV., 203.

Words to the beat of the drum, 98.
Andrew, afternoon refreshment, 328. 439.
Andrews (Alex.) on Jews' Spring Gardens, 422
Andrews (Rev. John), noticed, 1 1 0.
Andrews (Rt. Hon. Francis), 211.
Angelo (Michael), the bill of, 398. 460.
A. (N. J.) on Abbey of Quin9ay, 416.

Payton (Wm. Shakspeare), 440.

Sneyd (Honora), her autograph, 432.
Annaly (Lord) Chief Justice, 211.
Anne (Queen), her fifty churches, 16. 'passport granted
by, 117.

Anonymous Works : —

Baratariana, 52. 95. 139. 211.

Bride of Florence, 11.

Cambridge Latin plays, 227.

Cancer, a play, 227.

Castle of iEsculapius, 398.

" Clergyman's Companion in Visiting the Sick,"

398.
Clytophon, a play, 227.
Complete Lish Traveller, 146.
Cries of Royal Blood, 29.
Cromwell: — A Critical Review of the Political Life

of Oliver Cromwell, 29.
English Spy, 131.
Essay on Taste, 470.
Euribates, a play, 227.
Eve of St. Hippolito, 250.
Excellent Woman, 432. 505.
Familiar Epistles on the Irish Stage, 512.
French Massacres, 251.
Gil Bias, 34.

Histoire de I'lnquisition et son Origine, 29.
History of the British Worthies of our Own Times,

70.
Horse Subsecivas, 45.
Infanta de Zamorre, 400.
Ireland: An Account of the Transactions in the

North of Ireland, 186.
Ireland : The True Impartial Histoiy and Wars of

Ireland, 186.
Ireland: History of Ireland, 1784, 2.50. 319.
Irish Pursuits of Literature, 515.
Jesuits: An Impartial Consideration of the Speeches

of Five Jesuits, 29.
Le Bias Bleu, or Fate of the Leaf, 27. 197.
Letter to a Clergyman on his Sermon of 30tli

January, 27. 58.

INDEX.

645

Anonymous Works : —

Musomania, or Poet's Purgatory, 28.

Night, a Poem, 11. 57. 78. 479. 538.

Parthenia, a play, 227.

Philo, a drama, 250.

Popery against Christianity, 29.

Eights of the Christian Church Asserted, 29.

Simo, a play, 227.

Sketches of Irish Political Characters, 28. 59.

Stoicus Vapulans, a play, 227.

Traveller, or the Marriage in Sicily, 146.

Vanity's Victim, a comedy, 250.

Venice, a poem, 432.

Zelotypus, a play, 227.

Anstey (Christopher), noticed, 167. 195.

Anthropophagi, British, 36. 71.

Antrim (Marquis of), noticed, 308.

Anvalonnacu, its derivation, 96.

Apreece family, 271.

Aquinas (Thomas), two of his Works, 514.

Arabic poem, 207.

Arch, the tower-crowned, 129.

Archbishop's mitre, 248. 390.

Ai'chery club motto, 129.

Argyle (Marquis of) and Charles II., 311.

Arithmetical notation from an old MS., 411. 460. 520.

Armiger on Cardinal Wolsey, 228.

Armstrong (John) alias Launcelot Temple, on vulgar

errors, 247.
Arrows of HaiTow, 17. 35. 59.
Arterns on clapping Prayer-books, 33.

Herbert (George) and Theocritus, 385.

Presentany, its meaning, 113.

St. Patrick's ridges, 194.

Sophocles' Clytasmnestra, 26.

Ussher's Britan. Eccles. Antiquitates, 29.

Wellington (Duke of), ancestry, 186.
Arthur (King), Greek version of, 290.
Artists, Incorporated Society of British, their catalogues,

531.
Artists' quarrels in Charles I.'s reign, 121.
Artists who have been scene painters, 136.
Asher (D. D.) on passage in " The Tempest," 141.
Ashton (Abdias), chaplain of the Earl of Essex, 302.

336. 361.408.461.
Asphodel on Rev. Edward Biistowe, 470.
Aspland (R. B.) on Latin poem against Milton, 273.
Assignats, forged, 314.

Aubrey (John), " Wiltshire Antiquities," vol. ii. 467.
Audley End, Pope's chair at, 106.
Augustus, augury at his election as Consul, 2.
Aurora Borealis, allitemtive verses on, 412.
Austrian army, alliterative vei-ses on, 412. 460.
A. (W.) on manufacture of kelp, 85.

Lilac, Syringa, or Philadelphus, 73.

Scotch paraphrases, 77.
Aydon Castle, 349.
Aylward family arms, 329.
A. (Z.) on James Aikman, 130.

Cambridge Latin Plays, 227.

Cartwright (Wm.), " The Royal Slave," 207.

Castle of .^Isculapius, 398.

Dimond (Wm.), his death, 129.

Gothe's Clavigo, its translator, 415.

Harrison (Rev. Thomas), 90.

A. (Z.) on Hofland (Mrs.), Dramas, 311.
Keating (E. H.), Dramas, 311.
Lesly (George), Rector of Whittering, 207.
Murdoch (John), author of " Pictures of the Heart,"

432.
Monney (William), dramatist, 399.
Oulton (W. C), dramatist, 433.
Parke's translation of Horace, 209.
Pegge (Dr. Samuel), MS. poetry, 146.
Phipps (John), dramatist, 415.
Roxby (R.) and J. Shield, 90.
Shakspeare's Plays in Welsh, 207.
The Traveller, or the Marriage in Sicily, 146.
Venice, a poem, 432.
Wells (Mr.), dramatic writer, 109.

B.

B. on German silver, 13.

$. on Robert Chester's Love's Martyr, 251.

Coals first used in England, 119.

Greek version of King Arthur, 290.

Peel (Sir Robert), his Memoirs, 179.

Publishing before the invention of printing, 58.

St. Dominic and the Inquisition, 135.

Sangraal, Romance of, 304.

Tennyson's" Enid," 155.

Thomason's "' Memories," 170.
Baalun (John de), his family, 26.
Baccare, its meaning in Shakspeare, 527.
Bacon (Lord Francis), his skull ridiculed, 354. ; on Con-
versation, 108. 178.; was he a Calvinist or Armi-
nian? 201.; Essays, 297. 332.
Badge of povei'ty, 184.
Bags, a slang word, 491.

Bailey (Geo.) on Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery, 97.
Bailly (Sir Charles), secretary of Mary Queen of Scots,

267. 316.
Baker (David Erskine), his family, 94. 197.
Ballet in England, its origin, 293.
Balloon, cost of its material and gas, 291.
Ballop, its meaning, 227. 256.
Baltimore, ballad on the Sack of, 415.
Bankes (John), grandson of the Chief Justice, 311.
Banns of marriage published after the Nicene Creed,

227. 541.
Barata, its etymology, 69. 133,
" Baratariana," its authorship, 52. 95. 139. 211.
Barham (Francis) on date of Epistle to the Hebrews,

247.
Barilla, or Barrilla (jsalicomia'), 85.
Barnstaple or Barum, 56.
Barrett (E.) oil Gofton of Stockwell, 270.
Barrey (Lodovick), " Ram Alley, or Merrie Tricks,"

188.
Barrington (George), his Prologue, 294.
Barrymore and the Du Barrys, 16.
Bartholomew-cokes, 187. 237.
Bartholomew Fair, historical notices, 161.
Barton (Bernard), birth and death, 51. 118.
Barton (Francis), grave-digger at Horsley, 76. _

Barum top, its derivation, 56. 69.
"Basilikou Doron," by James I., 513.
Basingstoke reckonings, 128.
Baskett (John), petition to the Treasury, 65.

546

INDEX.

Bates (Win.) on DibJiii's Library Companion, 530.

Bath, red ribbon of the Order of the, 168.

Battel Abbey, " signa " of, 16.

Battens, etymology of, 249. 300. 319.

Battiscombe family, 453. 522.

Bawdin (Sir Charles) noticed, 148.

Bayley (E. C.) on seals of British officers, 289.

Bay ley (T. Haynes), birth, 51. 118.

Baynes (John), barrister, 269. 318.

B. (B.) on Dr. Donne's seal, 1 70.

B. (C.) on Herbe dOr, 462. 537.

B. (C. J.) on debating societies, 207.

" The style is the man himself," 479.
B. (C. L.) on Bratliwaite family, 137.
B. (C. W.) on cornelian found at Weymouth, 131.

Heraldic query, 293.
B. (D.) on lon<;evity of Ephraim Pratt, 137.
B. (E. A.) on Liverpool, its derivation, 540.

Peel towers, 378.
Bear hunt on the Thames, 148. 196.
Bearded women, 247. 333. 478.
Beau-seaut: Beaulieu, its etymology, 451.
B. (E. C.) on Hastings' trial and John Mill, 158.
Beck (Barbara Van), bearded woman, 247.
Becket's Crown, Canterbury, detached chapel, 268.
Bedc (Cuthbcrt) on Apreece family, 271.

Artists scene painters, 130.

Ballet in England, 293.

Bill of Michael Angelo, 398.

Campbellton, Argylesliire, 380.

Christmas customs and folk-lore, 488.

" English Spy," its autlior, 131.

Jlodern slang, cant, and vulgar words, 490.

Patrick (Bp.j, inedited letter, 66.

"Royal Slave," 317.

Sancte bell, four exami)lcs, 540. .

Wolsey (Cardinal), 295.

"Young Travellers, or a Visit to Oxford," 130.
Bedell (Bishop), notes on his Life by Burnet, 301.
Beer and its strength, 169.
Behn (Aphara), her petitions, 265.
Bclater-Adime on Epigram on Quecu Christina, 290.

Grys (Sir Eobert le), 268.

Hannay (Patrick), " Songs and Sonnets," 19.

Montrose (JIarquis of), lines by, 440.

Eings, their uses and mottoes, 444.

Vale of Red Horse, 39.
Baler (Sir Roger), his murder and the laws of chivalry,

496.
Bell metal, its composition, 249. 299.
Bellomont (1st Earl of), his Journal, 169.
Bell-ringers, Northern and Sherwood Youths, 433.
Bells, catch-cope, 36.; glass, for churches, 328.; jingler,

rattler, and ear, 37.; Sancte, 540.
Bells of China, 306. 442. 536.
Bells, pair of curious old, 12.
Bells rang backwards, 18. 504.
Beltane festival, 511.
Belvoir Castle, engravings of, 471.
Belzoni (Giovanni Battista) noticed, 163.
Bentivoglio family, its founder, 130.
Berdash, an article of dress, 4.53.
Berdewell (Wm.), inscription on his brass, 417. 461.

541.
Berkshire, the White Horse, 255.
Bernard (Richard), Rector of Batcombe, 402.

Bernard (St.), the "Vindicta Bernard!," 329.

Berwick-on-T weed, its mayor's salary, 59.; its stocks, 59.

Besnard (Peter) of Cork, 138.

Bethgellert, legend of, 93.

Bever, a refreshment between meals, 270.

Beyer (Mr.) alias " John Gilpin," 110.

B. (F. B.) on derivation of Soul, 249.

B. (F. C.) on John Playford's birth-place, 415.

Marriage customs, 443.

Notes on trees and flowers, 424.

Villenage, 423.
B. (H.) on Bonaventure's Works, 258.

Vulgate of 1484, 257.
B. (H. C.) on alliterative verses, 412.
B. (H. E.) on the cardinal virtues, 26.
B. (H. W.) on anonymous hymns, 512.
Bible, Breeches, 1599, 356.; of 1631, misprint in 7th
commandment, 330.; Unes on buying one, 235.;
prices of, in 17th century, 16.; Vulgate edition 1482
and 1484, 128. 257. 407.
Bibliothecar.' Chetham. on General Literary Index, 103.

Presentany, its meaning, 113.
B. (I. I. A.) on derivation of bulse, 327.
Bills of exchange, discountenancing, 226.
Bilton Park, views of, 328.
Bingham (C. W.) on " An Austrian Army," 460.

Chideock, co. Dorset, 238.

Figures on hill sides, 461.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 272.

Greek word, u\iKpiir(is, 156.

Leese: Lancers, in Bible version, 229.

Liberavi animam meam, 157.

Pepys's Diary, a prayer in, 537.

Petrarch and Lord Falkland, 185.

Ploughs, waggons so called, 504.

Smitli (Henry), " Sermons," 330.
Bindon (Mr.), artist, 169.
Biographers and their subjects, 451.
Birch (Dr. Thos.), notes on Burnet's Life of Bp. Bedell,

301.
Birth, mode of celebrating, 144.
Births extraordinary, 257. 299. 439,
Birtsmorton Court, Worcestershire, 228. 294. 357. 437.

538.
Bishops elect, are they peere? 431.
B. (J.) on writers in Quarterly Res'iews, 145.
B. (J. G. L.) on box applied to a house, 431.

Foxe's Book of Martyr;?, 534.

JIuffled peal on Innocents' Day, 424.

Plough, the vulgar name of a waggon, 431.
Blackcombe (S.) on Michelet on English literature, 26.
Blackguard, a court menial, 376.
Blackstone (Judge), his "Commentai'ies," 454.
Blake (Charles), extract from his Common-placS book,

465.
Bleuman, attendant on a sheriff, 172.
BUss (Dr. Phihp), letter on Dr. Donne's seal, 216.; letter

respecting John Lilly's letters, 224.
Blodius, or I51odeus, in heraldry, 177.
Blue blood intimating illustrious birth, 440.
Bobolink, an American bird, 417.
Bobyll and the Cardinal's Hat tavern, 326.
Bocardo, a prison at Oxford, 270.; a logical term, 270.
Bocase tree in Northamptonshire, 498.
Bockett (Julia R,) on Sigismund and Hen. Alexander
479.

INDEX.

547

Bockett (Julia E.) on Townsend (Rev. Meredith), 36.

Bobun (John de), his arms, 1 2.

Boileau (J. P.) on brass at West Herlirg, 417.

Boley Hill, Rochester, 398.

Bolton Castle noticed, 249. 355.

Bolton (Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of), his mental de-
rangement, 355. 442.

Bolton (Livinia Fenton, Duchess of), 291. 336.

Bombs, date of their invention, 37.

Bonaparte (Napoleon), escape from Elba, 86. 382. 396.
449. 532. ; his siiuflf-box, 48.

Bonaventnre (Cardinal), list of his works, 128. 178.
218. 258.

Bonwicke (Henry), bookseller, his letters, 343.

Boodleite, Old, origin of tlie phrase, 353. 443.

Books burned and whipped, 168.; burnt in Irehmd, 364.

Book covers, gold coins found in, 511.

Book inscriptions, 319.

Book-markers, tlieir utility, 301. 362.

Book notes, 464. See Fly-leaf scrihhlinrjs.

" Book of Hy-Many," inquired after, 512.

"Book of Sports," its publication in 1018 and 1633,
414. 456.

Bock-stall collectors, 494.

Books recently Published : —

Absolon's Heroes of the Laboratory, 40.

Anderson's Dura Den, 365.

Archaeological Institute: Catalogue of Scottish
Belies, 139.

Ashe's Poems, 40.

Ballantyne's Christianity and Hindu Philosophy, 40.

Beckct (Abp.), a Biography, 505.

Bentley's Magazine, 'I'ales from, 40. 139.

Bentley's Quarterly Review, No. 11. 80.; No. III.
390.

Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland, 20.

Bos well's Johnson (Murray), 00. 139. 480.

British Almanack and Companion, 1860, 462.

British Museum, Catalogue of the Reading Room,
279.

Brown's Eab and his Friends, 100.

Byron's Poetical Works, 60. 139. 320. 480.

Camden Society: Miscellany, vol. iv. 79.; Symonds's
Diary, 79.; Original Papers illustrative of Mil-
ton's Life, 480.

Carnarvon (Earl of). Archaeology of Berkshire, 462.

Chalmers's Histoiy of Dunfermlime, 60.

Chappell's Popular JIusic of Olden Time, 39.

Children's Picture Books, 506.

Christmas books, 542.

Clark's Surnames metrically arranged, 240.

Cochet's Le Tombeau de Childeric I., 462.

Cole's Life and Times of Charles Kean, 139.

Conquest's What is Homoeopathy ? 20.

Cooke (Eliza), Poems, 100.

Cornhill Magazine, 542.

Dante's Three Visions, by J. W. Thomas, 120.

Davis's Memorials of Knightsbridge, 99.

De la Rue's Indelible Diary, 426.

De la Rue's Red Letter Diary, 462.

Demaus' Class-book of English Prose, 426.

Dictionary of Modern Cant, 99.

Eley's Geology in the Garden, 180.

Emmet's Women Artists, 365.

Fitzpatrick's Friends and Foes of Lady Morgan, 240.

Books recently published : —

French's Life of Samuel Crompton, 240.

Gatty (Mrs.), The Human Face Divine, 506.

Gilbert's History of Dublin, 99.

Golden Rule: Stories of the Ten Commandments,

40.
Gntch's Literaiy and Scientific Register, 506.
Halliwell on the Evidences of Christianity, 179.
Herbert (George), Works in Prose and Verse, 390^
History of Sir Thomas Thumb, 506.
Jahrbuch fUr Romanische und Englische Literatur,

99.
James's Naval Hiistoiy of Great Britain, 20. 180»

390.
Jameson's Memoirs of Early Italian Painters, 505.
Kent Archseological Society Transactions, Vd. I..,

119.
Lamartine's Mary Stuart, 20.
Lewin on the Invasion of Britain, 179.
JIacmillan's Magazine, 390.
Manual of Rifle Volunteers, 524.
Moore's British Fenis and their Allies, 320.
Moore's Poetical Works, 60. 139. 240. 320. 426i
jMotherly's Nursery Poetry, 365.
Motherly's Servants' Behaviour Book, 40.
Murray's Chronicles of a City Cliurch, 462.
JIun-ay's Hand-book for Devon and Cornwall, 99^
National Cycloptedia, Supplement, 40.
Newland's Life of Antonio de Dominis, 19.
Nightingale A''alley, 506.
Norden's View of London Bridge, 365.
Owlglas (Master Tyl), Marvellous Adventures, 390,.
Papworth's Dictionary of Arms, 139.
Parkinson's Key to the Civil Service, 180.
Peppei-'s Boy's Play Book of Science, 542.
Petrarch's Sonnets, &c., 139.
Popular Nursery Tales and Rhymes, 506.
Prout (Father), Reliques of, 506.
Pylgremage of the Soul, 280.
Quarterly Review, No. 211. 79.; No. 212, 365,
Raine's Fabric Rolls of Yoik Minster, 59.
Rose (Rt. Hon. Geo.), Diaries and Correspondence^.

505.
Rowland's Manual of the English Constitution, 462i.
Russell's Kett's Rebellion in Norfolk, 319.
Russell's Rifle Clubs and Volunteers, 60.
Shakspeare's Household Words, 506.
Shakspeare, New Exegesis of, 365.
Spiritual Songs, &c., by Mason and Shepherd, 120.
Stereoscopic Cabinet, 426.
Snrtees Society : The Fabric Rolls of York Minster,.

59.
Taylor's Great Pyramid, 425.
Taylor's Stones of Etruriu, 240.
Thiers' History of French Revolution, 40. 140.
Timbs's Stories of Inventors, &c., 506.
Timbs's Things not generally Known, Second.

Series, 99.
Tragic Dramas from Scottish History, 505.
Waller's Catalogue of Autographs, 426.
Ward's Telescope Teachings, 60.
Wedgwood's Dictionary of Etymology, 524.
Webb's Marco Griffi, the Italian Patriot, 180.
Whatton's Life of Rev. Jeremiah Horrox, 462.
Wiltsch's Handbook of Church Geography, 320. "

548

INDEX.

Books recently puWished : —

Wood's Illustrated Natural History, 60. 140. 240.

365. 524.
Woollen Manufactures of Great Britain, 140.

Booksellers, old English, 182.
Booksellers' lists, early, 88.
Boot of a carriage, 238. 317. 407.
Bore, its modem meaning, 491.
Boreman (Thomas), " Gigantick Histories," 450.
Borghese (Princess), her death, 417. 460.
Borgia (Csesar), epigram on, 246.
Boswell's Johnson, illustration of a passage, 107.
• Bothwell Bridge, sermons before the battle of, 493.
Bower (Hubert) on proverbs worth preserving, 202.
Box, as applied to a house, 431.
Boyd (Zachary), literary productions, 10. 230-
Boydell (Aid.), Shakspeare Gallery, 50. 97. 313. 457.
Boyle lecture, its present trustees, 352. 441.
Boys (Thomas) on Adenborough, 114.
Andrew: Gaffman, 439.
Battens, its etymology, 319.
Blue blood, 440.
Boydell's Shakspeare, 97.
Bugle, an animal, 423.
Cadewoldes, meaning of, 98.
Cespoole, alias Liverpool, 198.
Cloven foot, 387.
Damask, waste paper, 541.
" Decanatus Christianitatis," 539.
Englishry and Irishry, 77.
Faber v. Smith, 157.
Fap, its etymology, 528.
Greek word elXiKpii'Tis, 156.
Grosseteste's " Castle of Love," 539.
Grotesque in churches, 275.
Harpoys et fisshepondc, 115.
Judge's black cap, 193.
Le Contrat Mohatra, 133.
" Liberavi animam meam," 406.
Minced pies at Christmas, 488,
Patron saints, 214.
Pishty: Cess-here, 58.
Poets Laureate, 137.
' Prisoner's arraignment, 501.
Psalm xcv. 10: " a ligno," 517-
Qualitied: Fausens, 177.
Squaring the circle, 421.
St. Dominic, 117.
f Shim, its derivation, 196.
Syr Tryamoure, 359.
Ten and Tenglars, 98.
Tutenag metal, 78.
Urban, as a Christian name, 76.
Vertue's " Draughts," 93.
B. (P.) on Patroclus, 129.

Bradley (Mrs. Timothy), delivered of eight children, 257.
Bradshaw (President) and John Jlilton, 90.
Bradstreet pedigree, 227.
Bradstriet (John), actor, 22.
Bramhall (Abp.), his arms, 259. 338.
Brangle, or bransle, its meaning, 483.
Brasses, monumental, since 1688, 478.; preservation of
monumental, 107. 136.: rubbings of, how preserved,
.292.478.
Brathwaite coat of arms, 88. 137.

Bray, extracts from churchwardens' accounts, 494.
Braybrooke (Lord) on inscription on a ring, 228.
Brecon collegiate church, 28. 60.
Breeches Bible, 1599, 356.

Breen (H. H.) Lieut. Gov. of St. Lucia, his motto, 389.
Brent (John) on Jews in Canterbury, 243.
Prisoners' basket carrier, 24.
Spot's Histoiy of Canterbury, 29.
Brentford, legend of the Two Kings of, 228. 362.
Breslau (Mr.), actor, 162.
Brett (Dr. Thomas), " Autobiography," 248.
Brett (Col.) alias Col. Ramble, 416.
B. (R. H. A.) on bever, a refreshment, 270.
Briancon (Count de), unburied, 377. 443. 498.
Brickwall, Northiam, portrait at, 12.
Bride and bridegroom, aged 97 and 99, 144.
Briggs (T. H.) on Prince Rupert's arms, 418.
Bristoliensis on Chalterton manuscripts, 94. 234.

Stuart (Ferdinand Smyth), 495.
Bristoliensis Minor on Wielifs Testament, 208.
Bristowe (Rev. Edward), descendants, 470.
British ofncers sent to Canada, 1711, 413.
Brittany, legends of, 227. 278.'
" Broase and Butter," a Scotch tune, 123.
Broughton barony seal, 376. 438.
Browne (Geo.) Abp. of Dublin, 311.
Browne (Dr. Jemmet), Bishop of Elphin, 212.
Browne (R. H. N.) on super-altars, 255.
Brownists, origin of the sect, 449.
Browsy=showy, its derivation, 484.
Bruce (Robert), his skull at Dunfermline, 167.
Brate Chronicles, 39.
B. (R. W.) on Charles I.'s journey to Wales, 460.

Inn signs by eminent artists, 236.
B. (S.) on frogs in the arms of France, 47 1 .
B. (T.) on London antiquities, 146.
Buccleugh (Mary Scott, Duchess of), elegy of, 23.
Buchanan pedigree, 148. 219.277.
Buckingham (Geo. VilHers, 1st Duke of) and the chan.

cellorship of Cambridge, 287.; his ghost, 222.
Buckton (T. J.) on Bacon on Conversation, 178.

Bells of China, 306. 536.

Celtic remains in Jamaica, 59.

Coffins of the Hebrews, 34.

County voters' qualification, 96.

Designation of works under review, 117.

Efford, its derivation, 255.

Etoccetnm, its derivation, 179.

Food of Paradise, 202.

Gulf-stream and climate of EIngland, 56.

Hebrews, author and date of Epistle to the, 315.
383.

Hobbes quoted, 179.

Horses trembling at a camel, 406.

1 John V. 7, 175.

" Liberavi animnm meam," 108.

Soul, its biblical meaning, 334-

Speech before tl-.e flood, 538.

TJlphilas' New Testament, 118.

Villeins, sale of, 18.
Bufifon's dictum, " The style is the man himself," 37. 54.

98. 111. 479.
Bugle, an animal, 400. 423. 461.
Bull and bear of the Stock Exchange, 79. 138. 200.
Bull (John), origin of the sobriquet, 453.
Bulse, its derivation, .327. 408.

INDEX.

549

Bunbury (Henry Wm.)) artist, 71.

Bunyau (John), his " Pilgrim's Progress " not copied
from " The Pilgrimage of the Soul," &c., 268. 372.
402.; works falsely attributed to him, 371. ; burial-
place, 400. ; print of his chapel, 1 10.

Burford House, Windsor, 355.

Burgersdicius (Francis), life and writings, 327. 384.

Burgess (Geo.) on seven dates wanted, 406.

Burials, mediaeval, 147.

Burn (J. S.) on Abp. Laud's portrait, 437.

Protestant refugees in 1563 and 1571, 447.
Whitelock pedigree, 207.

Buinet (Bp.), Life of Bp. Bedell with notes, 301. ; an
inveterate smoker, 138.

Burnet (Gilbert), Vicar of Coggeshall, 89.

Burns (Robert), Rev. John Dun's opinion of him, 23. ;
birthplace of " Highland Mary," 380.

-Burton (Robert), authors quoted by the editor, 226.

Butler (Charles), a book-stall collector, 494.

Butler (Frances Anne), poem quoted, 109. 255.

Butley priory, chartulary of, 27.

Butts family, 435.

B. (W.) on " An History of British Worthies," 70.

B. (Dr. W.) on jasper runic ring, 297.

Bywell church, 348.

€. on the Halls of Greatford, 95.

Sepulchre of the Holy Blood, 29.

TamberUn family, 91.
C. (A.) on Cooper family, 354.
C. (A. D.) on Mount St. Michael, 111.
Cadewoldes, its meaning, 49. 98.
Cadman (Mr.), the famous flyer, 161.
Cadogan (Gen. Wm.), letters to the Countess of Sea-

forth, 445.
Ca3sar (Julius), his sententious despatch, 356.
Calcuith, its locality, 205.
Calisian on Aborough or Borough family, 89.
Calverley (Sir Henry) of Northallerton, 28. 95. 198.
Cam on inn signs by eminent artists, 157.
Cambridge costume, 74. 191. 239.
Camden Miscellany, vol. iv., obsolete words in, 466.
Campbell (Neil), letter to John Anderson, 345.
Campbellton, Argyleshire, 380.
Canbury, or Canonbury, Islington, 132.
Cannibahsm in Britain, 36. 71.
Cannon, blowing from, 39.
Cannon (Eliz.), petition to the Treasury, 65.
Canonbury, in Islington, 132.
Cant, slang, and vulgar words, 490.
Cantab, on Drat 'em, Oddrot 'em, 413.

Tennyson's " Enid," 131.
Cantankerous, its derivation, 188.
Canterbury prisoners' basket carrier, 24. j Corporation

practices, 25; the Jews at, 243.
Canterbury registers at Rome, 226.
Capel (Dorothy Lady), noticed, 172.
Cardinal virtues, origin of, 26.
Cardinal's Hat tavern, near Newgate, 326.
Cards, playing, of foreign manufacture, 432.
Carleton (Guy), his epitaph, 498.
Carleton (W.), birth and death, 51. 118.
Carriage-boot, 238. 317. 407.
Carrington (F, A.) on Gauntlope, 179.

Carriugton (F. A.) on grotesque in churches, 196.

Spontoon, 197.

Torture allowed in England, 176.
Carruthers (R.) on Marvell's letter to Milton, 90.
Carss (Mark) of Cockpen, 123.
Carter (Thomas) on Major Duncanson, 253.
Cartismandua, its etymology, 17.
Cartmel, its derivation, 354.
Cartwright (Wm.), performers in " The Royal Slave,"

207.317.423.
Cashel progresses, 377.
Cat, its ancient names, 261.
" Catalogue of the most Vendible Books," its author,

105. 183.
Cataloguers, caution respecting, 396.
Catalogues, early booksellers', 183. 236.
Catch-cope bells, 36.
Caxton, tracts printed by him, 44.
C. (B.) on Richard Woodrofife of Woolley, 69.
C. (B. H.) on " Dominus regnavit h ligno," 470.

Eikon Basilica, first edition, 356.

Hastings' (Warren) impeachment, 536.

Liverpool, its derivation, 239.
Celtic remains in Jamaica, 24. 59. 91-
Centurion on Guy Carleton's epitaph, 498.

Prussian iron medal, 470.

Vauxhall punch, &c., 205.
Cervantes, English translations of "Don Quixote," 71-
Cespoole, alias Liverpool, 110. 198. 239. 257.
Cess-here, a provincialism, 9. 58. 195.
C. (E. T.) on Incorporated Society of British Artists, 531.
Ceylonensis on Marlowe's pastoral, 285.
C. (G.) on Mrs. Grundy, 293.
C. (H.) on " Quid Grouse in the Gun Room," 329^

Shoreham (Wm. de), his poems, 292.

Titles conferred by Oliver Cromwell, 1 58.
Chadwick (J. N.) on ballad " EUand," 216.
Chalks, a slang word, 490.
Chaloner (Jacob) noticed, 323. 407.
Chambers (R.) on Jacobite manuscripts, 363.
Chancellor, the Lord High, his progress to Westmin-
ster, 104. 153.
Chandler (Bp. Edward), his arms, 14.
Chandos (Grey Brydges, Lord), supposed author of

" Hora3 Subsecivaj," 13.
Chandos Place, or the Abbot of Reading's, 38.
'Change Alley noticed, 138.
Chanter (Wm.), incumbent of Hartland, 117.
Chapel ScalaCeli, 18.
Chapels detached : Becket's Crown, 268.
Chappell (Wm.) ballad on " Hockley in the Hole," 537.
Charity-box for distressed gentlemen, 108.
Charles I., arms and motto on Islip church bells, 324.
460.; Gentileschi'sletter to, 121. See Eikon Basilike.
Charles II. and the Laird of Cockpen, 123; and Mar-
quis of Argyle, 311.
Charnock (R. S.) on Bugle, an animal, 461.

Anvalonnacu, 96.

Bulse, its derivation, 408.

Efford, its derivation, 405.

Etocoetum, 300.

Gallimawfry as used by Shakspearo, 528.

Luther represented with a goose, 5 1 5.

Peel towers, 504.

Shelley and Barhamwick, 116.

Walpurgis, its derivation, 425.

550

INDEX.

Charnock (R, S.) on wink, its derivation, 96.

Charpentier (M.), his Bibliothoque, 159.

Chasles (Pbilarete) on Buffon's axiom " Le style est

riiomme meme," 111.
Chatham (Lord), Copley's picture of his death, 513.
Chatterton (Thomas), birth-place, 363.; tragedy of

"iElla," 50. 94. 194. 234. 317. "
Chancer (Geoffrey) on the Continent, 284. ; " The

Rime of Sire Thopas," 351.
Chaumont church, 227.
C. (H. B.) on Adenborough, 115.

Cleajnctus, 441.

Ltither and Wesley, 119.

Old print, 425.

QuentinBely: Mijrweg: Laale, 535.

Sorbonne, attack on the, 15.
C. (H. C.) on Eclympasteire, 444.

Grotius quoted, 522.

Junius and Henry Flood, 259.

Motto," His calcabo gartos," 156.

Snuff-boxes in memoriam of R. Emmett, 49 C.

Very, its etymon, 200.
Chelsega on Clarendon House, Piccadilly, 541.
Chener (Polecarp) on note about the Records, 450.
Cheque bearer, the mysterious, 308.
Chertsey House, London, 38.
Chester (Robert), " Love's Martyr," 251.
Chevis (Robert) and Lord Lovat, 4C3.
" Chickens feed Capons," its characters, 226.
Chideock in Doraetshire, 146. 238.
"Childe Horn," 252. 318.
Childeric I., his tomb, 462.
Children, gift of, temp. Henry VIH., 531.
Chinese bells, 306. 442. 536; inventions, 442. 536.
Chiverton (^ir Richard), his knighthood, 114. 158.

382.
C. (H. M.) on gulf-stream and climate of England, 55.
Christie (Geo. Henry), his beneficence, 428.
Christina (Queen), epigram on, 290.
Christmas Eve, superstitions on, 242,
Christmas pastimes, 481. 484. 486. 488.
Christmas school-boy pieces, 486.
Chronos on Gog and Magog, 251.
Churches, change in their dedication, 437.
Churning, witchcraft in, 67.
Gibber (Colley), his " Aplogy " noticed by Fielding,

268. 317.
Circle, the game of squaring the, 8. 58. 191. 291. 511.
C. (J.) on the old French invasion, 493.
C. (J. C.) on woodroof plant, 13.
C. (J. F.) on eariy law lists, 28.

Constantine (William), 531.

Jenins (Sir Stephen), pedigree, 88.
C. (J. M.) on last wolf in Scotland, 402.
C. (K. S.) on Capt. Cobb and Lieut.-Col. Fcaron, 169.
Clammild on Bacon's Essay xlv., 297.

Shakspeare's Sonnets, 527.

Square words, 511.
Clarendon House, Piccadilly, 400. 541.
Clarendon (Edw. Hyde, 1st Earl), Ids burial, 354.
Claudian, passage in, 495. 522.
Clavijo battle, St. James's support at, 171. 421.
Clay (Robert), his birthplace, 433.
Claypole (Lady Eliz.), cause of her death, 392. 456.
Claypole (Sir John), his baronetcy, 114. 382.
Cleanctus noticed by Theophrastus, 310. 441.

Clement, Bishop of Rome, 315.

Clergy, how supported in Massaehmsetts, 127.

Clergyman's crest, his legal right to one, 451.

Clerical error explained, 532.

Clerkenwell, ministers of St. James's, 110.

Clive (Kitty), actress, 162.

Cloven foot, its symbolical meaning, 309. 387.

Clubs, debating, 207.

C. (M.), Edinburgh, on statistics of letters sent by

post, 375.
C. (0.) on Vulgates of 1482-4, 407.
Coal first used for domestic purposes, 53. 95. 119,
Coal Fire, Round about our, 481.
Cobb (Capt. Henry) of the " Kent," 169. 218.
Cock and Bull stories, 215.
Cockade in sei"vants' hats, 37.
Cockin (Rev. Wm.), his will case, 25. 115.
Cockle (J.) on mathematical bibliography, 465.
Cockneyism, classical, 91.
Cockpen, the Laird of, 123.
Codex Alexandrinus and Bezaj, 175. 259.
Coffins of the Jews, 34.

Cohn (Albert.) on English actors in Germany, 21.
Cokam or Coxam House, 146. 238.
Coke (Sir Edward), remarks on his 4tli Institute, 452.
Coleman (E. IL) on the wreck of the Dunbar, 459.!
Coleman (John) and " The Jlonster," 229.
Coleridge (Hartley), " Yorkshire Worthies," 207. 439.
Coleridge (S. T.) and Abp. Leighton's Works, 527.
Colet (Dean), residence in Oxford, 181.
Collinson (James), N. P. of Lancaster, 328.
Colon, the Three Kings of, an anthem, 431. 505.
Colton (C. C), birth and death, 51. 118.
Columbine, a flower, 417.
Columbus on Kentish Longtails, 425.
Compass, its inventor, 442.
Constable (Geo.) of Wallace-Craigie, 394.
Constantine (Wni.) of Middle Temple, 531.
Conybeare (Dean), " Elementary Lectures," 90.
Cooke of Gidea Hall, Romford, 352.
Coombs (James) on old bells, 12.
Cooper (C. H.) on Elizabeth Long, 56.
Cooper (C. H. & Thompson) on John Allingtcn, 7?.

Anstey (Christopher), 195.

Baynes (John), 318.

Cbaloner (Jacob), 407.

Cudworth (Benjamin), 199.

Dee (Adrian), 390.

Evelyn (Sir John), 98.

Exton (John) of Trinity College, 389.

Fairclough (Nathaniel), 398.

Fenn (Robert) of Trinity College, 379-

Fletcher (Henry) of Clare Hall, 379.

Forth (Wm.), advocate, 397.

Gleane (Peter), 196.

Gleane (Sir Peter), 187.

Heath (John) of Queen's College, 379.

Heylin (John) of Emmanuel College, 79.

Howard (Cardinal), 75.

Huit (John), 99.

Juxon (Thomas), 98.

Kennet (William), 97.

Killigrew (Sir Henry), 206.

Kynder (Philip) of Pembroke Hall, 379..

Luf kin (Rev. Richard), 77.

Medlicott (Richard), 199.

INDEX.

551

Cooper (C. H. & Thompson) on Pepys (Richard), 77.
Kedmayne (John), 79.
Regis (Dr. Balthasar), 39.
St. Lowe (John), 99.

Smith (Henry) of St. Clement Danes, 152.
Ward (Nathaniel), Vicar of Staindrop, 76.

Cooper (Edw.), his rent-charge and service, 289.

Cooper family, 354.

Cornelian found at Weymouth, 131.

Corner (G. R.) on Chandos Place, &c., 38.
Bailly (Charles), 316.
Inn signs by eminent artists, 157.
King's Head and stew in St. Martin's, 399.
London Bridge, Old, inhabitants, 142.

Corney (Bolton) on fate of three men of letters, 204.
Payne (Mr. James), bookseller, 122.

Cornish superstitions, 489.

Cornwallis correspondence, 281. 341.

Coiyat (Thomas), Odcombyan decambulator, 14.

Cosin (Bp. John), his arms, 240.

Cotgrave (Handle), his " Dictionary," 453. 506.

•Cotton (Dr. Henry), additions to his " Typographical
Gazetteer," 395. 460.

Cotton (Jonathan) of Old London Bridge, 142.

Counties, abbreviated names of, 219. 277. 299.

County voter's qualification, 70. 96. 196.

Coverdale's Bible, 1553, 208. 279.

Cowper (B. H.) on Caxton, Pynson, &c., 44.
Smith (Henry), his Sermons, 254.

■Oowper (Wm.), ballad, " John Gilpin," 110.

Cosam or Cokam House, 146. 238.

■C. (R.), Corh, on Irish Scutch mills, 138.
Verses of grotesque shapes, 386.

Cracknells, or brittle cakes, 293.

Cranbrook Grammar School, master in 1665, 249.

-Cranmer (Abp.) and Osiander, their con-espondence, 87.

•Crawford (Dr.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 534.

Cray (Augell) of Dorsetshire, 110.

Clrescent in heraldry, 354.

Crest of a clergyman, Lis legal right to one, 451.

Creswell (S. F.) on county libraries, 244.

Cricket, a low stool, 293.

Crinoline and hoop petticoats, 374.

<!roker (John AYilson), " FamiUar Epistles on the Irish
Stage," 512.

Croly (Dr. George), his birth, 51. 118.

Crome (John), sign of " The Sawyers," 77.

Cromer (John), Abp. of Armagh, fomily, 12. 389. 424.

Cromwell (Anne), her MS. poems, 497.

Cromwell (Oliver) in Scotland, 70. 132. ; baronets
created by him, 114. 158. 382. 419. 540.; children,
16. 56. 97. 135.; family, 287.; great seal of Eng-
land, 147.; interment of his remains, 375.; knights
created by him, 18. 31. 77. 114. 158. 216. 382.
419.; Milton's letter to Cromwell, 47.; peers created
by him, 158.; Russell (Francis), one of Cromwell's
justices, 266.; skull, 97. 158. 218.; treatment of
Dr. John Hewett, 392.

Cross and candlesticks on the altar, 204. 255. 297.
337.

Crossley family of Shoreditcl), 206.

Crown represented as a ship, 110.

Cudworth (Benj.) of Christ College, Cambridge, 167.
199.

Cudworth (Ralph), unpublished MSS., 531.

Culros (Lady), ballad on her dream, 247. 31 1.

Cuma skeletons with wax heads, 170. 213.

Cumberworth (Thomas), his will, 1450, 375.

Cunningham (Alex.), surgeon, 212.

Cunningham (Rev. Peter), curate atEyam,213.259.

Curved form of ancient enclosures, 19. 32. 440.

Cushion, its derivation, 483.

Cutts (John Lord), Swift's satire upon, 132. 178.

C. (W.) on Marquis of Argyle and Charles II., 311.

Ballop, its meaning, 227.

Bankes (John) of Dorsetshire, 311.

Blewman,172.

Canbury or Canonbuiy, 132.

Capel (Lady), 172.

Cespoole, a/io*- Liverpool, 110. 239.

Cokam or Coxam House, 146.

Cray (Angell) of Dorsetshire, 110.

Danvers (Sir John), 171.

Dorchester House, Westminster, 130,

Elizabeth, Princess of Bohemia, 209.

Falston House, Wilts, 187.

Gantlope, its etymology, 132.

George or Gorges (Lord), 110.

Hastings (Mr.), his character, 131.

Lauderdale (Lord), letter to Charles XL, 251.

Motto: "His calcabo gartos," .389.

Rous (Lady), 171.

Tun glass, 110.

Vandniss or Vandrusk, 187.
C. (W. B.) on Marat's imprisonments, 256.

Regiment all of one name, 538.
C. (W. D ) on entertainment of four kings, 541.

Mowbray coheirs, 217.
Cyril (St.) and Hypatia, 148. 217. 277.

D.

D. on " A Help unto Devotion," 381.

Dicksons of Berwickshire, 398.

Halls of Greatford, 119.

Knowles (Herbert), 153.

Man before Adam, 414.

Portioner, 398.

Smith (Henry), Sermons, 502.

Watson family, 119.
A, on altar tomb as a communion-table, 540.

Bray churchwardens' account boolc, 494.

Canterbury registers, 226.

Cess-here and pishty, 195,

Cromwellian relic, 266.

1 John V. 7, 238.

Laud (Abp.) portrait, 540.

Rustic superstition, 242.
D. 1. on Bonaventure's Works, 218.

Sonnet supposed to be Jlilton's, 344.
D. (A.) on " Night," a poem, 57.
Dalhousie (Lord) and Cockpen, 123.
Dallaway (James), " Constantinople," 187.
Dalton (Geo.) of Farnborough, his will, 243.
D' Alton (John) on Innismurray, 259.

James II.'s Irish Army List, 217.

Peer (Henry Lord), 518.

Talbot (Thomas), 217.
Damask, its various meanings, 430. 541.
" Danm the nature of things," its author, 190.
"Dance of Death," 96.

«52

INDEX.

D' AngreviUe de Beaumont (Counts), their desjcendants,

353.
Danish forts in Ireland, 268.
Danvers of Dauntesey, 309. 338.
Danvei-s (Sir John), noticed, 171. 309. 338.
Dashwood (G. H.) on Butts fjimily, 435.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 335.
Dates, seven required, 309. 405.
D'Avenant (Sir Wm.), place of confinement, 28. 98.
Daveney family of Norwich, 34.
D'Aveney (H.) on Abigail Hill's family, 9.
Napoleon's escape from Elba, 86. 532.
Randolph family, 34.
Davis (J. E.) on male and female swans, 524.
Days, unlucky, 429.

D. D. L. on " La Thebaide," Kemy's " La Pucelle," 248.
Dean (Charles) on Quintin Matsys' " Misers," 469.
Dean (H.), " Hocus Pocus," 379.

Deane (Wm. J.) on Erasmus's first visit to Oxford, 181.
Death warrants, last signed by royalty, 433. 523.
Debating societies, 207.
Debrett's Peerage, errore in, 86.
"Decanal us Christianitatis," an ecclesiastical locahty,

415. 539.
Decanter, its derivation, 189.
Dee (Adrian), Canon of Chichester, 310. 390.
De Foe (Daniel), descendants, 51. 94. 197. 299.
De Guileville's " Pilgrimage of the Soul," &c , 268. 372.
D. (E. H. D ) on Adenborough, 115.
Arabic poem, 207.
Revivals about the year 1810, 88.
Delano (J.) on actresses ennobled by marriage, 336.
Gay's Works, 1795, 337.
Jetonniers of French Academy, 329.
Mutiny ^t the Nore, 131.
Scandal against Queen Elizabeth, 388.
Delavals of Seaton Delaval, 394.
Delta on Cardinal Howard, 53.

Nelson's car, 380.
De Maccabeer on Thomson the poet, 50.
Deney (Ann), epitaph at Thurlton, 378.
Denham Buildings, Whitehall, 167.
Denny (Lady Arabella), her civic honoure, 88.
Denoyer (Jlr.), dancing-master, 353.
Denton (Wm.) on Dr. John Hewett, 455.
Devil portrayed with cloven foot, 309. 387.; with a

pitchfork, 387.
Dexter on quotation, 28.

D. (F. R.) on " It is not beautie I demande," 130.
D. (G.) on " Geste of King Home," 252.

Hayne, a local termination, 237.
D. (H. A.) onKendrick family, 328.
D. (H. J.) on the Scavenger's daughter, 381.
Dial, Greek, epigram on, 469.
Dial of Ahaz, 438.
Dibdin (Charles), sen., song by, 172.
Dibdin (Dr. T. F.), breeches edition of his " Library

Companion," 530.
Dick (Sir Alex.) and Dr. Johnson, 107.
Dickson's arms, 399.
Dicksons in Berwickshire, 398.
Dictionaries, list of early English, 269.
Digby (Sir Kenelm), his sympathetic powder, 395.
Diligences, or coaches, of the last century, 224.
Dimond (Wm.), date of his death, 129.
Dixon (James) on gulf -streams, 12.

Dixon (Sh- Nicholas), monument at Cheshunt, 328.
Dixon (R. W.) on Abp. Browne, 311.

Dixon (Sir Nicholas), his monument, 328.
Dycsons of Furness Fells, 378.
Dixons of Furness Fells, 378.
D. (N.) on dates of early plays, 416.

Woodrof, a plant, 35.
Dodd (Dr. Wm.), his biography, 449.
Dog, epitaph on a favourite, 373.
Dominic (St.) and the Inquisition, 117. 135. 177.
Dominis (Antonio de), his latter days, 20. 33.
" Don Carlos," its translator, 399.
Donkey — " Who ate the donkey ? " 497. "
Donne (Dr. John), seal presented to George Herbert, 170.

216.
Donnybrook, neai- Dublin, origin of the name, 129.
Doran (Dr. J.) on Riding-coat : Redingote, 49.

Shooting soldiers, 156.
Dorchester House, Westminster, 130.
Dorrington (Theophilus), " The Excellent Woman," 432.

505.
Dowling (Vincent) and the " Parliament of Pimlico," 89.

155.
Downes (Lord Wm.), noticed, 341.
Dowsing's sacrilegious work in Ufford church, 53.
D. (P.) on verses by Geo. Herbert and Theocritus, 290.

Sex, as a local termination, 311.
Drake (Sir Francis), portrait, 268.
Drayton (Michael), " Poems, Lyrick and Pastoral," 75.
Drowning, a punishment for women, 37.
Drum, words adapted to the beats of, 98.
Drammond of Colqnhalzie, 327.
Drunkard's corpse burnt, 12.
Drury (Sir Drue) and Sir Amyas Paulett, 324.
Dryasdust (Dr.) on contents of book covers, 511.
Dryden (John), his recantation, 307.
D. (T. B.) on Archbishop Laud's portrait, 309.
Dubius on Filleroy, its meaning, 230.

• Glasse (Mrs.), authorship of her " Cookery," 206.
Lobster, how roasted, 226.
Lucky stones, 267.
Sot's Hole, Green Lamps, &c., 250.
Dublin, Lord Mayor in 1764, 207. 295.
Dncdame, its derivation, 284.
Duhigg (Bartholomew Thomas), his biography, 9.
Du Moulin's poem on Milton, 227. 272.
Dun (Rev. John) of Auchinleek, 23.
" Dunbar," incident connected with its wreck, 414. 459.
Duncanson (John), killed iu a duel, 328.
Duncanson (Major) and the Massacre of Glencoe, 109.

193. 252.
Dundalk accommodation, 88.
Dunkin (A. J.) on Cromwell's head, 97.
Dunkin (Dr. Wm.), birth and death, 415.
Dunner, its derivation, 483.
Dunsfold in Surrey, 71.
Durer (Albert), engraving, " The Holy Family with a

buttei-fly," 328.
Dutch tragedy, 309.

D. (W.) on Sermons before the battle of Both well Bridge,
493.
Smokers not voters at Preston, 17.
D. (W. J.) on motto, " His calcabo gartos," 110.
Dyche (Thos.), his " English Dictionary," 249.
Dycsons or Dixons of Furness Fells, 378.
Dyson (Jeremiah), his pension, 102.

INDEX.

553

E.

E. on Wink, as a local prefix, 70.
" Eagle pierced with an arrow," 59.
East, on worshipping towards, 396.
Eastwood (J.) on Battens, 300.

Chaucer: Sire Thopas, 351.

"Cock an eye," 461.

Grotesque in churches, 276.

Hayne, as a local termination, 299.

It for its or his, 477.

Smith (Henry), " Sermons," 330.

" Syr Tryarnoure," 474.
Eblana on Owensonthe player, 415.
E. (C. D.) on birth of the Pretender, 51.
Eclympasteire, its etymology, 444.
Edward IV"., verses on his death, 411.
Edwards (Richard), " Palsemon and Arcyte," 13.
E. (D. S.) on clerical error, 532.
E. (E.) on Adenborough, 51.

Yorkshire worthies, 439.
Efford, its etymology, 207. 255. 405.
Egan (John) aZios Junius Hibernicus, 166.
Egmont (Lord), " Precedency of the Peers of Ireland,"

398. 537.
E. (H.) on titles conferred by Oliver Cromwell, 419.
Ehronbaum (Dr. J.) on Hamlet queries, 267.
Eikon Basilike, first edition, 356. 444. 500.
Eirionnach on Bacon's Essays, 332.

Bethgellert legend, 93.

Faust Legends, their original, 87. 406.

Gallimawfry, its derivation, 528.

Grotesque in churches, 273.

Leighton (Abp.), his Works, 41. 61. 507. 525.

Pill Garlick, 444.
E. (K. P. D.) on extraordinary birth, 257.

Fly-leaf notes, 429.

Hypatia and St. Catherine, 148.

Inscriptions, gateway and sepulchral, 373.

Polytheism, its revival, 187.

Scott (Sir Walter), his Novels, 393.

Wife-selling at Dudley, 258.
" Eleu loro," a chorus, 292. 443.
Eliminate, its peculiar use, 190.
Eliza on a song " The Wasp," 377.
Elizabeth of Bohemia, her family, 209.
Elizabeth (Queen), scandal against, 388.
Elizabethan Poems in Sion College, 49.
Ellacombe (H. T.) on old bells, 37.

Bell metal, 299.

Dr. Donne's seal, 216;

Grotesques in churches, 274.

Pews in churches, 277.
Elliott, a regiment all of that name, 538.
Elliott (Ebenezer), " Peter Faultless," 11. 78. 538.
Ellis (A. J.) on Anne Pole, 170.
Ellis (Alf. Shelley) on Battiscombe family, 453.

Poulett (Sir Anthony), burial-place, 479.
Elmes (J.) on etymological query, 379.

Human speech before the flood, 379.

Seven dates wanted, 405,
Elrington (Dr. C. R.), his edition of Ussher's Works,

29.
Ely (Henry Loftus, Earl of), 212.
E. (M.) on Cleanctns, 310.

Emmett (Robert), rebellion, 11.; snuflFboxes in memo-

riam of, 496.
Empson's House, Fleet Street, 294. 357.
" End," its meaning as applied to places, 432. 522.
Englishry and Irishry, uncommon words, 12. 77.
Enquirer on Boyle lectures, 352. 441.
Enstone church, co. Oxford, its literary treasures, 533.
Ephemeral literature, 131. 196. 521.
Epigrams* —

Cassar Borgia, 246.

Christina (Queen) of Sweden, 290. 389.

" Sunt monachi nequam," &c., 308.

To a female cupbearer, 292. 503.
Episcopal registers. Indexes to, 202.

Epitaphs : —

Deney (Ann) at Thurlton, Norfolk, 373.

Dog at Ii'ongate Stairs, Tower, 373.

Molloy (Edward), 539.

Nowell (Alex.), Dean of St. Paul's, 374.

Sutton (Sir Wm.) of Averham, 27.

Talbot (Richard), Abp. of Dublin, 371.

Voltaire, 197.

Western (Lieut. John) Dordrecht cathedral, 494.

Weston (Thomas) at Florence, 373.

Epsilon on " Night, a poem," 479.

Eques on Berkshire White Horse, 255.

Erasmus, date of his first visit to Oxford, 181.

Erasmus' Paraphrase, MS. question in, 70.

Eric on Ulphilas's translation of New Testament, 87.

Wynyard ghost story, 14.
Erica on lobster, a nickname for soldier, 252,

Side-saddles, 258.
Erskine (Thomas Lord) and the Rev. W. Cockin's will

case, 25. 115.
Esquire on Colonel Thwackwell, 310.
Este on bearded women, 324.
E. (T.) on battles of Clavijo and Prague, 171.

Portrait at Brickwall, Northiam, 12.
Etocsetum, its derivation, 179. 300.
Eufemia (St.), patron of the eyes, 214.
Eulenspiegel, lais secretaryship, 316.
Evans (R. H.), Bibliographical Recreations, 524.
Evax, King of Arabia, work on Gems, 401.
Evelyn (Sir John), noticed, 46. 98. 218.
Exhibition, the Great, 1851, its executive committee,

223.
Exorcism in the 12th century, 245.
Exton (John), Judge of Admiralty, 310. 389.
Extraneus on altar-tomb at Paston, 379.

Brass at West Herling, 542.

Rubbings of brasses, 478.

F. on Lord Nithsdale's escape, 337.

Skelmufeky, origin of the name, 431.

Stratford family, 522.
F. (A.) on Beltane festival, 511.

Saints' days' customs, 242.

WiUett (Mr. Ralph), 443.
Faber versiis Smith, 87.
Fagus on detached chapels; Becket's crown, 268.

Pensionaiy in Holland, 270.

Temple, as applied to Protestant churches, 291.

554

INDEX.

li'airclnld lecture, Shoreditcb, 480.

Fairclough (Nathanael) of Emman. College, 398,

Fairies, a chapter on, 482.; rings, 484.

Falcon on Knox family, 400.

Falkland (Viscount), his plaintive cry, 185.

Fall (Rev. Dr.), editor of Abp. Leighton's Works, 42. 62.

507.
Falston House, Wilts, 187.
Family professions, 266.
Family vicissitudes, 429.
Fane (Lord): Count De Sallis, 186. 237.
Fap, or sap, in Shakspeare, 285. 528.
Farnborough, custom at, 243.
Farrer (E.) of Oundle, 496.
Farringdon Hill, Pye's lines on, 255.
Farthingales, or verdingales, 8. ; denounced, 45.
Fate of three men of letters, 204,
Faunes family, 136.
Fausens, a fish, 130. 177.
Faust Legends, their original, 87. 191. 406.
Faux, a minor poet, 470.
Fawkes (Guido) examined by James I., 369,
F. (C.) ou wreck of the Dunbar, 414.

Foreign playing cards, 432.

Marriage customs, 239. -
Fearon (Lieut.-Col.), C.B., 169.
Fenn (Robert) of Trinity College, Camb., 379.
Fenton (Lavinia), Duchess of Bolton, 291. 336. 442.
Fenton (Perrot) on Robert Clay, 433.
Ferrar (Nicholas) of Little Gidding, 473.; and the

" Short Histories," 380.
Fenrers family, 147.

F. (G.) on song, "Death of the Fox," 415.
F. (H.) on arithmetical notation, 520.

Birtsmorton Court, Worcestershire, 437.

Extracts from an early manuscript, 411.

Fishwick in Berwickshire, 381.

Legends of Brittany, 278.

Platonis Opera by Serranus, 365.

Qaeenborough Castle, 308.
Fiction, works of, proverbialised, 432.
Fielding (Henry) and Colley Gibber, 269. 317.
Fields, crooked boundaries of, 19. 32, 440,
"" Figaro," and old jokes, 26.
Figures cu', on hill sides, 400. 461.
Filleroy explained, 230.
Finlayson (J.) on Will, de la Grace Mareshall, 290. "

Cartmel; Service silver, &c., 354.
Finsbury jail, its locality, 268.
Fisher (P. H.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 271.
fishwick parish, Berwickshire, 381.
Fitzhopkins on the battles of Clavijo and Prague, 422.

p]ulenspiegel, 316.

" Figaro," and old jokes, 26. '

History of Judas, 18.

Mazena's dog, 291.

Shooting soldiers: oak leaves, 217,
Fitzjames (Capt.) inquired after, 451.
Fitz- Patrick (W. J.) on Baratariana, 95. 211.

Dowling (Vincent) and Parliament of Pimlico,
155.

Dublin Lord Mayor, 295.

MacXally (Leonard), his pension, 281. 341.

" Musomania," or Poet's Purgatory, 28.

Psalmanazar's History of Ireland, 319.

Wellington (Arthur Duke of), Dubhn address, 466.

Fitzwarren, English history of, 147.

F. (J.) on sex of swans, 416.

F. (J. C.) on ephemeral literature, 521.

F. (J. W.) on Greek dial, 469.

Flanchford in Surrey, 71.

Fletcher (Henry) of Clare Hall, 379.

Fletcher (Nathanael), Sir H. Wotton's chaplain, 302.

Fletcher (Wm.) alias Junius Secundus, 166.

Flood (Henry), Junius claimant, 101. 189. 259.

Flower-pot, an inn sign, 497.

Flower (Sir James), burial-place, 146.

Fly-boat, temjy. Elizabeth, 451.

Fly-leaf scribblings, 245. 319. 349. 464,

Fly-leaves, hints as to notes on, 429.

F. (JL G.) on Rev. George Holiwell, 95.

Forbes of Tolquhon, 203.

Fodder (E. M.) on " sleeping like a top," 53.

Fodder (M, L.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 335,

Folkestone on Kentish Longtalls, 377.

Foley (Lord) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 272.

Folk Lore : —

Bees informed of a death, 242.

Christmas Eve superstition, 242.

Christmas folk-lore, 481. 484. 486, 488.

Cornish superstitions, 489.

Fairies and their rings, 482. 484.

Farnborough custom, 243.

Goose eating at Michaelmas and on St. Martin's

Day, 243.
Herefordshire Christmas custom, 488.
Magpie, an ill-omened bird, 242,
Moon like a boat, 242. 319.
Old and New Style discovered, 488,
Oxen's twelfth cake, 488.
Rustic superstition, 242. 300. 319.
Saints' days, rhymes on, 242.
Sickening-cake, 242.
Teeth-cutting charm, 326.
Tooth-ache superstition, 484.
Twelfth-day vigil custom, 488.
W^art incantation, 242.
Witchcraft in churning, 67. 504.

Food of Paradise, 202.

Ford church, Northumberland, 348.

" Foreign Quarterly Review," Contributors to Vols. L to

XIV., 124.
Forms of Prayer, origin of occasional, 147.
Forrest (Charles) on Watson family, 76.
Forrest (J. C.) essayist, 131. 196*
Forth (William), advocate, 397.
Foss (Edward) on the Lord Cliancellor's progress to
Westminster, 153.

York House, Strand, 195.
Fowling and matrimony, 144.
Fox (Charles James) nvciiii by, 186.
Foxe (John), early editions of his " Book of Martyrs,"

221. 271. 334. 405. 472. 533.
F. (P. H.) on Rev. W. Cockin and Lord Erskine, 115.

Paulett (Sir Amyas) and Sir Drue Drur}', 324,

Plough or waggon, 522.

Schuyler (Aunt), 337,
Framiiigham Pigot Church, lines on its opening, 428.
France, its ancient arms, 471.; its tricolor flag, 192.

218,
Frangipani, name of a perfume, 509.

INDEX.

555

Franklin (Sir John), his death announced by a clairvoy-

ante, 268.
Fraser (Col. Simon), noticed, 164. 346.
Freeman (H.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 534.
Freer (Capt. George) of 101st regiment, 328.
French Academy, 37. 94.
French books, monthly feuilleton on, 159. 338.
French invasion, lines on, 493.
"French Massacres," 1598, its author, 251.
French records destroyed at the Revolution, 528.
French war, poem on, 327.
F. (R. J.) on painting on copper, 454.
Frog as a symbol, 249.
Frogs in Ireland, 452.

Frogs, three, the ancient arms of Finance, 471.
Frozen honi in Munchausen, origin of, 412.
F. (R. R.) on extraordinary birth, 439.
F. (T.) on lists of students of Inns of Court, 185.
F. (T. S.) on truth stranger than fiction, 449.
Fulford (Sir Baldwyn), noticed, 148.
Fuller (Dr. Thomas), authorship of his " Holy and

Profane State," 380. ; Funeral Sermon on Hen.

Danvers, 309.
Funerals, military, 538. ,

Fusils in fesse, 19.

F. (W. H.) on hunting match of Tenned, 427.
F. (W. J.) on Dr. Wm. Dunkin's birth and death, 415.

Writers bribed to silence, 415.
Fynmore (Wm.), lawyer, 495.

G.

G. on " Gil Bias," its authorship, 34.

Marat in Edinburgh, 52.

Oracles in opposition, 351.

Portioner, 424.

Torture in England, 217.

Wright (Edward), author of " Travels," 13.
Gaffman, a farm overseer, 328. 439.
Gaguin, epigram by, 411. 540.
Gainsborough (Thomas), portrait of Major-Gen. John

St. Leger, 225.
Gairdner (James) on Gaguin's epigram, 540.
Gallimawfry, its meaning, 285. 528.
Gallus on French tricolor flag, 219.
Gam (David) on Lord Bacon a Calvinist, 201.

County voters' qualification, 196.

Quotation in Tillotson, 119.

Shelley and Barhamwick, 198.
Gantillon (P. J. F.) on publication of banns, 227.

Cambridge costume, 239.

Mauve, the fashionable colour, 267.

Sidney as a feminine Christian name, 298.

Theocritus and Virgil, 239.

Very, its derivation, 257.
Gantlope, its meaning, 132. 179.
Gargoyle in church architecture, 275.
Garlick: " To pull garlick," explained, 228. 257.
Garnet (Henry), the Jesuit, letter, 283.
Garnock (Patrick Lord), 459.
Garstin (J. R.) on super-altars, 204.

Bradstreet pedigree, 227.

Fane (Lord) : Count de Sails, 237.
Gascoigne (George), 453.
Gascoigne (Sir George), his biography, 27.

Gateway inscription of the Chateau de Lusignan, 373.

Gat-toothed, or tooth-gaper, 48.

Gauden (Bp.), " The Whole Duty of a Communicant,"

400. 425.
Gay (John) and "Molly Mog," 84. 129. 145. 172. ;
" Welcome from Greece," 145. ; " Wine," 145. 175. ;
Works, 1795, 337.; Bell's edition, 1773, 175.
Geering (Mathew), noticed, 10.
Gems and pi-ecious stones, works on, 401.
Gemsege (Paul) alias Dr. Samuel Pegge, 330.
Gentileschi (Horace), letter to Charles I., 121.; noticed,

19.5.
George IV., snuff-box presented to, 203.
George (Lord), noticed, 110.
George (St.) of England, 214.
George (Wm.) on Vertue's Draughts, 364.
Gerbier (Balthazar) quarrels with Gentileschi, 121. 195.
German silver, its origin, 13.
Germany, English actors in, 21.
" Geste of King Home," 252. 318.
" Gestes of Guarine," 147.
G. (F.) on Sir James Flower's burial-place, 146.

Sir Robert Peel's biography, 146.
Ghost stories, 14.
G. (H. S.) on machine hexameters, 511.

Orthographical peculiarities, 176.
Giant at Rotherliithe, 204.
Gidding, Great, a pew inscription, 291. 421.
Gilbert on Duchess of Bolton, 336.

Gauden (Bp.), " Duty of a Communicant," 425.
Hoole (Mrs.), Dramas, 364.
Keys, works on ancient, 353.
Spontoon, 424.
" Gil Bias," its authorship, 34.
G. (J. W. G.) on ocean cable telegraphs, 148.
Glasgow once the abode of cannibals, 73.
Glasguensis on Macaulay's " prodigal Nabob," 399.

Reeves's Hebrew Psalms, 432.
Glass bells for churches, 328.
Glasse (Mrs.), author of her " Cookery," 206.
Gleane (Peter), noticed, 167. 196.
Gleane (Sir Peter), noticed, 187. 218.
Gleer^ or glai'e, a slide, 483.
Glencoe massacre, 109. 193. 252.
Gloucestershire churches, 88.
Gloves, perfumed, 510.
Glow-worm light, 227.
Glwysig on Wm. Andrew Price, 521.

Rings, their uses and mottoes, 329.
G. (M. A. E.) on Robert le Gris, 335.
Goft'ton of Stockwell, Surrey, 270.
Gog and Magog, history of, 251.
" Golden Bough," an engraving, 377. 442.
Goldsmith (Oliver), story of " Ould Grouse in the Gun

room," 329.
Gorcum martyrs, works on, 382.
Gordon (Alex.), musician, 279.
Gorges (Lord), noticfed, 110.

Gothe (J. W. von), translator of his " Clavigo," 415.
Goulston family arms, 250. 298.
Graal (St.). See Sangraal.

" Grace," as applied to Archbishops and Dukes, 415.
Grafton (Augustus Henry, third Duke of), 212.
Grahams of Drogheda, 27.
Grammont (Chevalier de), " Memoirs," 159.
Granger on Song of " The Slave Ship," 353.

556

INDEX.

Granville (Lord) on Jlrs. Butler's poem, 255.

Grave-diggers, noticed, 39. 76. 118.

Graves fomily professions, 266.

Graves (James) on Buchanan pedigree, 148.
Cutts (John Lord), MS. lettei-s, 178.

Gray (Thomas), his copy of Strype's Stow, 41G.

Greek dial, epigram on, 469.

Greek word quoted by Dean Trench, 88. 156.

Green Lamps, a tavern, 250.

Greig family arras, 252.

Grenville (Dean), Beaumont's Life of, 20G.

Grey (Lady Jane), burial-place, 512.

Grigg (Rev. Joseph), of St. Albans, 270.

Grinding old people young, 327.

Grist (H. S.) on Hockabench or Aukabencli, 354.

Grosseteste's " Castle of Love," passage in, 416. 539.

Grotesque in churches, 130. 196. 236. 273.

Grundy (Mrs.), " What will she say ? " 293.

Grys (Sir Robert le), noticed, 268. 335.

G. (T. G.) on a quotation. 513.

Gualbert (St. John), noticed, 188.

Guileville (De), " Pilgrimage of Man," &c., 268. 372.

Gulf-stream and climate of England, 12. 55.

Gun-founts, Dutch, in 1413, 49.

Gunning (Bp.), " A View and Correction of the Com-
mon Prayer," 400.

Gunpowder Plot, documents in State Paper Office, 369. ;
discovered by tlie magic mirror, 369.

Guns first used in India, 17.

Gutch (J. M.) on Coleridge's Yorkshire Worthies, 207.
Jones of Xayland and Rev. (r. Watson, 396,

Gutch (J. W. G.) on Gloucestershire churches, 88.
Papier moure, 438.

G. (W. B.) on seven dates wanted, 406.

Gwillim's Heraldry, Cromwcllian edition, 17.

Gwyn (Nell) resided at Burford House, Windsor, 355.;
har sister Rose, 306.

H

H. on tlie arrows of Harrow, 59.

Chancellor's progress to Westminster, 104.
H. (^Canonhurij) on Sir Walter Scott's song, 461.
Hacket (Dr. Roger), noticed, 310.
Hackwood (R. W.) on book-markers, 362.

Box: " in the wrong box," 413.

Dial of Ahaz, 438.

Duke of Bolton, 442.

Figures cut on hill sides, 400.

Prayer in Pepys's Diary, 433.

Shakspeare's Cliff, 379.

Slave Ship, a song, 480.
Haddock (Admiral Nicholas), noticed, 148.
Hag, or fairy- rings, 484.
Hailston (Edward), on bearded women, 478.
Haines (H.) on monumental brasses, 136.

Brass at West Herling, 541.
Hallam (Arthur), " Literary Remains," 397.
Halliwell (J. 0.) on old English plays, 467.
Halloween, the rites connected with it, 270.
Halls of Greatford, 39. 95. 119. 199,
Harpoyset fyssheponde, 49. 115. 259.
Hambie (the Seigneur de), romantic stoiy, 509.
Hamilton (Lady), 7iugm by, 186.
Hamraer-cloth, origin of the word, 380. 407. 439. 539.

I Hammerton (Abram & Hester) of Kingston-upon-
I Thames, 118.

Hammock-doth, 381. 407. 539.
, Hampshire arms, 187.
I Hanbury (Daniel) on Frangipani, 509.
1 Handel (G. F.) in Bristol, 210.; commemoration in
1759, 78.; festivals, 1784 and 1859, 20. 168.;
Hallelujah Chorus, 107. 198.
i Hand held up in law courts, 414. 501.
; " Hanged, drawn, .ind quartered," explained, 149.
: Hann.ay (Patrick), " Songs and Sonnets," 19.

Hanoverian jewels, 25.
: Harding family, 88.

Hare (C. J.) orthographical peculiarities, 129. 17G.

Hargrave (Francis), liis library, 494.
; Harington (E. C.) on a bear hunt on the Thames, 196.
I Harling, West, brass in its church, 417. 461. 541.
i Harrington, a token, 497.

j Harrison (Rev. Thomas), Vicar of Ratcliffe, 90. 139.
I Harrison (W.) on inscription in Yorkshire, 353.
I Harrow, the arrows of, 17. 35. 59.
I HaiTy, Lord, and a toucher, 433.
j " H.irry Sophister," origin of the phrase, 86. 191. 239.
i Hart (Wm. Henry) on Dr. Plewett's son, 520.
! Hart (Alderman), 335.

! Hobbes (Thomas), elegy on, 286.

j Inscriptions in books, 349.

i Memorials to the Treasury, 65.

! Seal of SS. Serge and Baccus monastery, 415.

I Window in the sense of Blank, 470.

j Hart (Sir John), Lord JIayor of London, 308. 335.
j Hastings (Jlr.), cliaracter by the Earl of Shaftesbury.
! 131. 197.

I Hastings (Warren), Sheridan's speeches on his trial,
I 131. 259. 536.

I HaufTs Othello, Englisli translation, 89.
; Hawker, its derivation, 432.

Hawkins (Edward) on Diligences, 224.

Hawtrey (Lieut. F. H.), his seal, 386.

H.asey Hood, custom of, 137.

Hay Cliff, Dover, 79.

Hayman (Francis), pictures at Vauxhall, 70.

Hayne as a termination, its derivation, 171. 237. 299.

Haynes (J. B.) on Two Kings of Brentford, 228.

H. (C.) on Golden Bough, 442.
Knowles (Herbert), 116.

H. (C. H.) on Hampshire county .arms, 187.
" Scraping an acquaintance," 71.

Head (F, B.) birth and death, 51. 118.

Hearing through the throat, 136.

Heath (Abp.), and York House, 210.

Heath (Dr. Bcnj.), sale of his library, 401.

Heath (John) of Queen's College, Camb., 379.

Hebrews, date of the Epistle to the, 247. 315. 383.

Hedon in Yorkshire, its seal, 376. .523.

Heineken (N. S.) on Barum Top, 69.
Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 272. 335.
Hayne, as a local termination, 171.

Hellen (Robert), King's Counsel, 212.

Hen-drinking at maniages, 239.

Henry IV. of France, words attributed to him, 46.

Henry V. educated at 0.\ford, 323.

Henry VI. painting in Westminster Abbey, 33. 55. ;
removal of his body to Westminster, 531.

Henry VIII., picture in St. Benet, Gracechurch, 71. 1 1)7 .

Hepple (Edmund) on hammer-cloth, 380.

INDEX

557

Heraldic drawings and engravinjr.", 471. 523.
Heraldic queries, 11. 27. 130. 292. 364.
Heraldry, the crescent, 354. ; nautical, 269.
Heralds' Visitations, list of, 303. 440. ; the last, 228.
Herbe d'Or, its botanical name, 424. 462. 537.
Herbert (George) and Dr. Donne's seal, 170. 216. ;
manner of spending the Sabbath, 401. ; poems like
his " Easter Wings," 290. 385.
Herefordshire Christmas custom, 488.
Heward (R.) on Celtic remains in Jamaica, 93.
Hewett (Dr. John), biographical sketch of, 39 1 . 455. 519.
Hewett (J. F. N) on Dr. John Hewett, 391.
Hexameters, machine, 511.
Hesham Abbey church, 435.
Heylin (John), noticed, 46. 79.
Heyricke (Robert), his letters at Chriitmas, 484.
H. (F.) on Stratford family, 477.
H. (F. C.) on Antonio de Dominis, 33.
Birth extraordinary, 299.
Korghese (the Princess), 460.
Brass at West Herling, 461.
Clapping Prayer-Books on Good Friday, 32. 58.
" Dominus regnavit a ligno," 518.
Damask, to spoil books, 541.
Epigram on Caesar Borgia, 246.
Henry IV., figures of, 55.
Hypatia and St. Catherine, 217.
.Terningham family, 317.
Knowles (Herbert), 153.
" Liberavi animam meani," 157.
Patron saints, lists of, 214.
Rustic superstition, 300.
St. Bonaventure's Works, 178.
Somersetshire poets, 319.
Three Kings of Colon, 505.
Tricolor cockade, 218.
Voltaire and Dr. Young, 197.
Writers bribed to silence, 461.
H. (G.) on first Sfarquis of Antrim, 308.
H. (H. F.) on John Parkinson, herbalist, 495.
H. (H. G.) on II. Sullacombe and the streets of Lon-
don, 105.
Hibernicus on Anna LifFcy river, 364.
Hieron (Rev. Samuel), " A Heljie unto Devotion,'' SSI.
Highland Mary, her birth-place, 380.
Highland regiment at battle of Leip&ic, 469. 537.
Hildersham (Arthur), descendants, 431. 474.
Hildesley (Mark), Poetical Miscellanies, 472.
Hill (Abigail), her fan.ily, 9. 57. 15.5. 215. 228.
Hill (Dr.), author of Mrs. Glasse's " Cookcrv,"' 206.
Hill (Col. John), noticed, 193.
Hill (J. E.) on Rev. Richard Johnson, 236.
H. (.1.) on inn signs by eminent artists, 96.

" Night," a poem, 78.
H. (J. N.) on Admiral Hiiddock, 148.
H.' (L.) on Oliver Cromwell's knights, 31.
H, (M.) on Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery, 313.

Unburied ambassadors, 498.
Hoadly (Dr. John), his private theatre, 136. 149.
Hobbes (Thomas) of Malmesbury, lines on, 286.
Hockabench or Aukabcnch, its etymology, 334.
Hode (Robyn) on archery club motto, 129.
Hodening in Kent, 486.
Hofiand (Barbara), noticed, 311. 364.
Jlogarth (Win.), as an actor, 149. ; pictures at Vaux-
liall, 70.

Holbein faiiiily of Ravensburg, 77.

Iloliwell (Rev. George) of Polwarth, 95,

Holt (Gen. Joseph), his " Jlemoirs," 9.

Holystone baptistery, 349.

llonywood (Michael), noticed, 349. 439.

Hoods, colour of University, 74. 191. 239.

Hoolc (Barbara). See Ilojhnd.

Hoop petticoats and crinoline, 374. ; in 1719, 45.

Hopewell on Heralds' visitations, &;c., 228.

Hopper (CI.) on Ayhvard family crest, 442^

Cromwell's children, 16. 97.

Cromwell's knights, 77.

Fusils in fesse, 19. . , ;

Gwyn (Nell), house at Windsor, 355.

Hanoverian jewels, 25.

Hewett (Dr.), his son, 519.

Hungerford family, 464.

Kempenfelt family, 427.

Laud (Abp.), portraits, 389. 437.

Maiy Queen of Scots' secretary, 267.

MarveU's letter to John Milton, 47. 134.

Mence (Francis), 503.

Miltoniana, 142.

Myddelton (Mrs.), portrait, 423.
Horace, innnaculate edition of 1744, 395. : trr.nslation

of his Lyric Works, 209.
" Horn .ind Rimenhild," 252. 318.
Horse trenibling at the sight of a camel, 354. 406.
Horsley (Bp.), orthographical peculiaritie.", 129. 176.
Hotten (J. C.) on old English booksellers, 182.
Hour-glass in churches, 488.
Howard (J. J.) on Abdias Ashton, 408.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, &c., 534.
Howard (Philip), Cardinal of Norfolk, 52. 75.
Howe (George Augustus, third Viscount), mural tablet

suggested, 86.
H. (P. G.) on Colonel Hill, 252.
H. (S.) on Lord Egmont's i)ainphk't, 537.

Passports, their origin, 541.

" To sleep like a top," 97.
II. (T. B. B.) on inn signs by eminent artists, 77.
Huffkin, a cake, its derivation, 483.
Huit (John), noticed, 46. 99.
Hundred, its etymology, 529.
Hungerford family, 464.

Hunt (Leigh), birth, 51. 118. ; papers in "The Li-
beral," 292. ; translation of Walter Mapes's drinking
song, 185.220. r

Hunting match of Termed, 427.
Hurd (Bi.shop), author of his Life, 416.
Hurdis (J. H.), inn-sign painted by him, 236.
Husk (W. H.) on Henry VIIL's picture, 137.

Italian music in England, 404.

" Molly Mog," 175.

Owenson the player, 521.
Huss (John), represented with a goose, 277. 298. 515.
Hutchinson (Ann), her family name, 531.
Hutchinson (John Hely), 211.
Hutchinson (P.) on bearded women, 333.

Anno Regni Regis, 513.

Grotesque in churches, 276. •

Hutchinson (Ann), family name, 531.

Inscription in Great Gidding church, 291.
Huth (Henry) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 271.
Ihitton parish, Berwickshire, records of, 325.
H. (W.) on coal first used in England, 53.

558

INDEX.

H. (W.) on guns first used in India, 17.

Hymns, anonymous, 512.

Hypatia and St. Catherine, 148. 217. 277.

I.

" lago Displayed," satire on the War-office, 56.

Ihre (W.) on Euhnken's Dictata, 171.

I. (J.) on Buchanan pedigree, 219.

" Illoques," its derivation, 146. 179.

Ina on M.P. nominated by a bishop, 48.

Inclosures, curved form of ancient, 19. 32. 440.

Index, a general literary, 103.

Indian kings visit to England, 1710, 417. 454. 541.

Indo-European languages, 1 10. 134.

Ingelo (Dr.), " Bentivolio and Urania," quoted, 525.

Ingir on Dr. Latham's theory of languages, 110.

Ingledew (C. J. D.) on Sir Henry Calverley, 28.

Eland (Sir John), ballad on, 169.

Norton family, 249.

Eokeby (Ralph) of Rokeby, 89.

Shawl at Leyburn, &c., 388.

Sickening- cake, 242.
Inglis (E.) on Anne Cromwell : Mary More, 497.

Farrer (E.) of Oundle, 496.

Hildesley's Poelicul Miscellanies, 472.

Lewis (David), poet, 497.

Lopez de Vega's Romeo and Juliet, 496.

Maclellan (Henry), dramatist, 512.

Ord (J. Walker), his death, 531.

Terence, translators of, 512.

Winstanley (Wm.), liis death, 531.
Innismurray island, early notices of, 170. 259.
Innocents' Day custom, 487. ; muffled peal on, 424.
Inn signs by eminent artists, 77. 96. 157. 236.
Inns of Court, matriculation lists of students, 185.
Inquirer on the Rev. John Jones, 292.

Damask, its different meanings, 430.

Inscriptions : —
Bell, 389.
Book, 319.

Fly-leaves, 245. 349. 429. 464.
Great Gidding church, 291.
Gateway of the Chitteau de Lusignan, 373.
Lisburn, door of an old house, 373.
Manor-house in Yorkshire, 353.
Sundial at Milton church, Berks, 374.

Ireland, Danish forts in, 268.

Ireland, old graveyards in, 69. 539.

Irish bankrupts of last century, 531.

Irish Extinct and Dormant Peerage suggested, 288.

Irish pedigrees missing, 378.

Irish Registry Acts, 298.

Irish secret service documents, 281. 341.

Irish stamp duties, 50.

Irson (Thomas), noticed, 531.

Irving (J.) on Rev. John Anderson, 358.

Irving (Washington), birth and death, 51. 118. 487.

"It" for "its" or "his," 477.

Itacism, its derivation, 229.

Italian jests, ancient, 412.

Italian music in England, 290. 404.

Italy, the lion in, 241. ; the vulture, 1.

Ithuriel on Aphara Behn's petition, 265.

Ithuriel on bearded women, 333.

Cromwell and the Great Seal, 147.

Ghost story and Duke of Buckingham, 222.

Gwyn (Nell), her sister Eose, 306.

Hill family, 155.

Jersey legend: Seigneur de Hambie, 509.

Milton (John), Latin poem against, 227.

Shakspeare, early allusions to, 285.
Ives of Oxford, pedigree, 380.

J.

J. on Dickson's arms, 399.

Heraldic query, 130.

Judges and their style Honourable, 431.

Privy Councillors tevip. Hen. VII. and VIII., 470.

Scott (Sir Walter), his descendants, 27.

Stonehenge described by the Brahmins, 69.

Style of "Grace," 415.
Jack of Newbury, his portiait, 304.
Jackson (John Baptist), his Works, 381.
Jackson (J. E.) on Aldrynton deed, 57.

Aubrey's Wiltshire Antiquities, 467.
Jacob (Sir John), noticed, 206.
Jacobite manuscripts, 307. 363.
Jamaica, Celtic remains in, 24. 59. 91.
James I., his " Basilikon Doron," 513.
James II.'s Irish Army Lists, 9. 217.
Jasper runic ring, 248. 297.
Javanese antiquities, 92.
Jaydee on heraldic drawings and engravings, 471.

Marat's medical tracts, 93.
J. (B. S.) on the Battiscombe family, 522.

" Familiarity breeds contempt," 530.
J. (C.) on Sir Thomas Lawrence's sketch of Mrs. Lin-
ley, 69.

Nautical heraldry, 269.

St. Leger stakes, 362.
Jenins (Sir Stephen), Mayor of London, 88.
Jenny's Whim, a tavern, 250.
j Jerningham family, 256. 317.
Jersey legend : the Seigneur de Hambie, 509.
J. (E. S.) on " EHspirid," in Wiclif, 471.

French massacres, 251.

Pilgrim Plowden, 469.

" Syr Tryamoure," obscure passages in, 225.
Jetonniers of the French Academy, 329.
Jews at Canterbury, 243.

.Jews in Oxford, and halls named after them, 144.
Jews, the black, 418.
Jews of Malabar, 232. 418. 521.
Jews' Spring Gardens, 422.
J. (G.) on Boswell's Johnson, 107.

Broughton barony, 438.

Merry question on the burning of a mill, 288.

Sheridan's speech on Hastings' trial, 131.
J. (H.) on Abp. Juxon and family, 471.

Provincial printing presses, 469.
J. (J.) on ephemeral literature, 131.

" Portrait of a true gentleman," 397.
J. (J. C.) on book notes and fly-leaf scribblings, 464.

Drurer (Albert), his engraving, 328.

Elizabethan poems in Sion College, 49.

Fly-leaf scribbling, 245.

" Infanta de Zamorre," 400.

INDEX.

559

J. (J. C.) on mediajval burials, 147.

Motet : tenor, tlieir etymology, 489.

Seal inscription, 311.
J. (J. F.) on Dutch tragedy, 309.
John (King) and the Jews at Canterbuiy, 243.
1 John V. 7., MSS. containing this verse, 87. 175. 238.
Johnes (Col.) of Havod, his parentage, 378.
Johnson (Rev. Richard), noticed, 236.
Johnson (Dr. Samuel), his chair, 68. 363.
Johnston (Sir Archibald), Lord Warriston, his knight-
hood, 383.
Jones (John), " Attempts in Verse," 57.
Jones (Rev. John), Fellow of Queen's College, Oxon., 292.
Jones (Richard), actor, 21.

Jones (\Vm.) of Naylund, on turning to the East, 396.
Joseph of Exeter's poem, " Antiocheis," 327. ''
Joseph on Brathwaite coat of arms, 88.
Joyce, Choyse, Jocunda, pet names, 250.
J. (S. H.) on translators' interpolations, 206.
Judas, History of, 18.
Judge's black cap, 130. 193. 238. 406.
Judges, origin of their style " Honourable," 431.

Junius : —

Authorship settled by an auctioneer, 68.

Flood (Henry), claimant, 101. 189. 259.

Irish Junius, 166.

Junius Hibernicus, i. e. John Egan, Esq., 166.

Junius Secundus, i. e. Wm. Fletcher, Esq., 166.
Juvenal (Jupiter) on Kentish longtails, 425.
Juxon (Abp.), his family and will, 471.
Juxon (Thomas), noticed, 46. 98.
J. (W.) on Mont St. Michael, iSTormandy, 1 54.
J. (Y. B. N.) on Dr. Fuller and the Ferrars, 380.

Jest books, 504.

Texts from the Apocrypha, 443.

K.

K, on Chaumont church, 227.

Purkess, or Purkes family, 377.
Kaines (J.) on " The Golden Bougli," 377.
Kaleo on corrected printers' proofs, 187.
Karamsia (Nicolai), his Travels, 96.
Keating (E. H.), Dramas, 311.
Keck-handed, its derivation, 483.
K. (E. D.) on Itacism, 229.
Kelly (Wm.) on the murder of Sir R. Beler, 496.
■ Book of Hy-Many, 512.

Grey (Lady Jane), burial-place, 512.
Kelp, how manufactured, 85.
Kempenfelt family, 427.
Kendrick family, 328. 440.

Kennedy (Sir Andrew), letter to James Anderson, 246.
Kennedy (C. Le Poer) on " Basilikon Doron," 513.

Aquinas (Thomas), two works by, 514.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 404.

Overflowings of the Tiber, 450.

Power (Henry Lord), 518.

Scavenger's daughter, 424.
Kennedy (William), minor poet, 293.
Kennet (Wm.) of Corpus Christi, Cambridge, 46. 97.
Kennett (Bp. White), " Complete History of England,"

343.
Kentish fire, Hs inventor, 278.

Kentish longtails, 377. 425. 539.

Ker (Robert) and the fiishious of, 1719, 45.

Kervell family, 436.

Keys, works on ancient, 353. 537.

K. (G. H.) on Basingstoke reckonings, 128.

Digby's Sympathetic Powder, 395.

Edwards's " Palajmon and Arcyte," 13.

Gascoigne (George), 453.

Gascoigne (Sir John), 27.

Moldwarp, its etymology, 135.

Nevinson, a schoolmaster, 149.

Plowden's Commentaries in English, 454.

Windsor baron of beef, 336.

Woodroof, a plant, 35.

Zinzan family, 292.
Kilham (Alex.), his birth-place and death, 514.
Killigrew (Sir Henry), particulars of, 206.
Kilvert (F.) on Bishop Hurd, 416.
King (Abp.), portrait by Bindon, 169.
King (Edward) on etymology of Efford, 207.
King's bastion at Gibraltar, 417.
King's Head near St. Paul's, 399.
King's regnal years, how reckoned, 513.
Kingston (Sir Anthony), noticed, 38.
Kinnoul (Earl of), letter, 476.
Kirk Session records of Hutton parish, 325.
Kirke (Col. Percy), biographical notice, 471.
Kirkwallensis on epigram to a female cupbearer, 503.
K. (J. E.) on bobolink and cocking an eye, 417. ,r:'^
Klofron on Mr. Willett, purchaser of the Orleans pic-
tures, 337.
Knights created by Oliver Cromwell, 18. 31. 77. 114.

158. 216. 382. 419.
Knights of Yorkshire, &c. 51.
Knowinge, a rent, 354.

Knowles (S. H.) on Henry Smith's Sermons, 502.
Knowles (Herbert), his poems, 28. 55. 79. 116. 153.
Knowles (James) on abbreviated local names, 219.

Counsellor Tilly, 206.
Knox (Rt. Hon. Wm.), pedigree, 400.
K. (S.) on Woodroof (^Asperula odorata), 77.
K. (S. K.) on cracknells, 293.
K. (T.) on Gibber's Apology, 317.
Kya Kubber on Ives of Oxford, 380.
Kynder (Philip) of Pembroke Hall, 380.

L. on Barrymore and the Du Banys, 16.

Drawing, a punishment for women, 37.

Italian jests, ancient, 412.

Judge's black cap, 406.

Prohibition of prophecies, 64.

" Eire jaune," illustration of the phrase, 218. 268.
Laale, collector of proverbs, 535.
Lamb (Frank) on bells rung backwards, 18.

Rue in prisoners' dock, 27.
Lamb (J. J.) on Leigh Hunt and the Liberal, 292.
Lambert (Rev. Thomas), his family, 10.
Lambeth palace, its portrait gallery, 309.
Lamont (C. D.) on John Anderson, 255. ; his papers,

345. 515.
Lancastriensis on super-altars, 297.
Landallis, or Lauderdale, 434.
Landals (Wm.), Bishop of St. Andrews, 434.

560

INDEX.

L. (A. T.) on Archbishop Cromer, 424.

Founders of Wesleyan Methodism, 514.
Lateen sails, 38.
Latham (Dr.), theory of the Indo-European languages,

110.134.
" La Thebaide," a tragedy, 1 584, 248.
Laud (Abp.), original portraits, 309. 389. 437. 540.
Lauderdale (Lord), letter to Charles IL, 251.
Law and poison, 130.
Law lists, early, 28.

Lawrence (Sir Thomas) sketch of Mrs. Linley, 69.
Laymen, strange derivation of, 127.
L. (B.) on booksellers' lists, 88.
L. (C.) on San Giovanni Gualberto, 188.
L. (D. C.) on Literaj Kegiaj, 495.
L. (E.) on the arrows of Harrow, 17.

Clapping prayer-books on Good Friday, 19.
Leavitt (Joshua) on poem on the French war, 327.
Lee (Alfred T.) on inscription at Lisburn, 373.

Scorning the church, 45 1 .

" This day eight days," 531.
Lee (Wm.), his " Youths' Behaviour," 183.
Leer, or " feeling fcer," its derivation, 483.
Leese and Lancers, altered in some Bibles, 228.
Lefort (Madlle.), a bearded woman, 333. 478.
Legerdemain, works on, 379.

Leicester, change in the dedication of St. Martin's, 437.
Leigh of Cheshire, 258.
Leighton (Abp.), bibliography of his Works, 41. 61.

113.150.507.525.
Lennard family, 430.
Lennep (J. H. van) on bell of Moscow, 442.

Celtic remains in Jamaica, 91.

Dutch gun-founts, 49.

Electric telegraph foreshadowed, 503.

Fairy rings, 484.

Harpoys and fys.sheponde, 259.

Malabar Jews, 232. 418.

Mysterious cheque bearer, 308.

Naked- Boy Court, 538.

Paul Gemsege, pseud. Dr. Sam. Pegge, 330.

Water-marks in paper, 77.

"Winterly thunder, 36.

Western (Lieut. John), epitaph, 494.
Leo (F. A.) on passage in " Pleasure for Jleasure," 527.
Leslie (Charles), " Answer to Abp. King," 252.
Lesly (George), Eector of Whittering, 207.
L'Estrange (J.) on monumental brasses since 1{J88, 478.

Wymondham bell inscription, 389.
Lett family of Wexford, 451-
Letters sent by post, statistics of, 375.
Lewis (David), author of " Philip of JIacedon," 497.
Lewis (John), notes on Burnet's Life of Bp. Bedell, 301.
Lewis (Rt. Hon. G. Cornewall). on ancient names of the
Cat, 261.

Lion in Greece, 81.

Lion in Italy, 241.

Vulture in Italy, 1.
Leybourn, shawl at, 248.
L. (F.) on Nostradamus' prophecy, 50.

Quotation, 327.

St. John the Evangelist, his symbol, 111.
L. (G.) on Ross families, 397.

Schuyler, a Dutch family, 290.
L. (G. 1».) on Camden Miscellany, vol. iv. 466.

Fly-boat, temj). Elizabeth, 451.

L. (G. R.) on Sir William St. John, 431.

" Liber Horn," quoted, 32.

Libraries, county, 244.

Libya on Baccare, as used by Sliakspeare, 527.

Bartholomew Cokes, 237.

Gibber's Apology, 317.

Cromwell's children, 56.

Farnborough custom, 243.

Haxey Hood, 137.

Lc contrat Mohatra, 69.

Milton's epigram, 389.

Qualitied: Fausens, 130.

Quarles (Francis), Divine Poems, 356.

Quotation in Tillotson's Sermon, 69.

Vargas' oath, 355.
LifFey, Anna; why the river so named, 311. 364.
" Ligaturas facere,"' species of magic, 1 96.
Lightfoot (Dr. John), Master of St. Catharine's College,

Cambridge, 452.; on the Lord's Praver, 453.
Lightfoot (W. J.) on Dr. John Lightfoot, 452.
Lightning and fish, 469.
Lilac, Syringa, or Philadelphus, 73. 109.
Lill (Godfrey), Solicitor-General, 212.
Lilly (John), dramatist, his Letters, 224.
Limner (Luke) on hoop petticoats and crinoline, 374.
Lincoln cathedral library, 349. 511.; the minstrels'

galleiy, 35.
Lingard (Dr.), reviews of his Works, 469.
Linley (Mrs.), Sir Thomas Lawrence's sketch of, 69.
Lion, an inhabitant of Greece, 81.; Italy, 241.; Nor-
thern Africa, 83.
Lisburn, inscription on an old house, 373.
Litera3 Regia;, 495.

Literary taste of different countries, 430.
Liverpool, its derivation, 110. 198. 239. 257. 540.
Livet (C), " La Grammaire Fran9aise," 340.
L. (J.) on a 5IS. question in Erasmus' Paraphrase, 70.
L. (J. C. G.) on bibliographical queries, 128.
L. (J. E.) on the " Slave Ship," a song, 480.
L. (J. IJ.) on "An Austrian Army," &c., 460.

Surplice worn on Good. Friday, 415.

Scott (Sir Walter), " Death of the Fox," 461.
\\. on Napoleon's escape from Elba, 533.
L. (L. B.) on the meaning of "IlLques," 179.
Lloyd (George) on Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy,
226.

Epitaph on a dog, 373.

Graveyards in Ireland, 539.

Hallow e'en: the Wren Song, 209.

Horses trembling at a camel, 354.

Last wolf in Scotland, 169.

Witchcraft in churning, 504.
Lloyd (Wm.), Bishop of Norwich, 233.
Lloyd (Wm.), Bishop of Worcester, 233. "
L. (M.) on " Le Bas Bleu," 197.

Humphreys, soi-disant Earl of Stii-ling, 387.

Mary Queen of Scots, handle of her coffin, 472.
" Load of Mischief," an inn sign, 496.
Lobster, a nickname for soldier, 252.
Lobster, receipt for joasting one, 226.
Lockwood (John de), Esq., 169.
Loftus (fourth Viscount), 212.
Logan (W. H.) on Jones' " Attempts in Verse," 57.

Jlayor's salary at Bcrwick-on-Tweed, 59.

Stocks at Berwick -on-Twccd, 59.
Logan (Wm. Hugh), literary wciks, 197.*

INDEX.

561

Lomax, or Loin;is family, origin of name, 415. 478.
Lomax (P.) on " The Watchman," .i poem, 353,
Lomax (T. G.) on Foxe's Book of Jlartyrs, 535.
London antiquities in King Henry'ri Yard, 146.
London Bridge, the Old, list of inhabitants, 142.
London localities, .'incient, 28. 158. 406.
London, strangers in, 1563 and 1571, 447.
London streets, how to be cleansed, 105.
London views and perspectives in 1558, 292. 331.
London (Wm.), " Catalogue of Vendible Books," 105.

183.
Long (C. E.) on arrows of Harrow, 35.
Long (George), birth and death, 51. 118.
Long (Sir Kichard), temp. Henry VIIL, 38. 56.
Longevity, remarkable cases, 23. 53. 97. 379.
Lopez de Vega, translator of his " Romeo and Juliet,"

496.
Lord's Prayer quoted from Jewish works, 453. 522.
Louis XV.^ his penmanship, 268. 297. 387.
Lovat (Lord), letters to the Covintess of Seaforlh, 445.;

conduct at the invasion in 1719, 463.
Lower (Mark Antony) on Boydell's Shakspearc Gal-
lery, 457.

Lomax or Lomas family, 415.

Lord Harry and a toucher, 433.

JIunro, or Monro, origin of name, 415.
Lowne (E. Y.) on rubbings of brasses, &c., 292.
L. (IJ. E.) on ocean table telegraphs, 200.

St. Lcger sweepstakes, 276.
L. (S.) on peel towers, 504.
L. (T. S.) on Bunyan's burial-place, 400.
L. (U.) on Pope's unpublished letters, 466.
Lucas (Dr. Charles) noticed, 212.
Lucas (Rev. Dr.), defence of Bp. Hurd, 416.
Luck (R.), Master of Barnstaple School, 145.
Lucky stones, 267.

Lufkin (Rev. Richard), his longevity, 53. 77.
Luttrell (Col.) and Henry Flood, 102.
Luther (Martin), represented with a swan, 240. 277.

298. 515.
Luther and Wesley, their style, 119.
L. (W. P.) on spoon inscription, 512.
Lynching by women in 1429, 326.
Lyster family, 69.
Lytton (Lady Bulwer) on Lady Culross's dream, 247.

II.

M. on battens, its etymology, 249.

" Chickens feed Capons," its characters, 226.

Marriage law of England, 328.
M. (1.) on sale of a man and his progeny, 360.

Thurneisser and Turner, 39.
M. (4.) on Duke of Bolton, 355.

IJuchess of Bolton, 442.

Maude (Thomas), 407.
M. (^Edinburgh') on Jlemoirs of Sir Robert Peel, 179.
M. (A.) on Brecon collegiate church, 28. 60.

Bishopric of St. David, 52.

Poole family, 250.

Poole (Rev. Sir Henry), 400.
M. (A. B.) on Swiss maps, 199.
Macartney (George Lord), 211.
Macaulay (Lord), his " prodigal Nabob," 399.

MacCabe (\V. B.) on Legends of Normandy and Brit«
tany, 278.
! Sale of a man and his progeny, 361.

j Wren song, 253.

Mac Guicken (James), barrister, 282. 341.
\ Machine hexameters, 511.
Mackenzie (Dr. Skelton) and Dr. Maginn, 1 69. 235.
258.
; Mackintosh (Sir James), his speech on Reform, 51. 114.

JIaclean (John) on two kings of Brentford, 362.
; Oliver St. John, 386.

I Roe (Sir Thomas), correspondence, 351.

Wesley's Hymns with Tunes, 453.
I Wolf in Scotland, the last, 296.

j Maclellan (Henry), dr.amatist, 512,

Mac Nally (Leonard), a pensioned spy, 281. 341.
\ Jlac Queen of Pall-a'Chrocain, 402.
Macray (J.) on Rev. Peter Cunningham, 212.
Faust Legends, their original, 191.
" Foreign Quarterly Review," contributors to, 124.
French Academy, 94.
French records destroyed, 528.
Horn and Reraenhlld, 318.
Mackenzie (Dr. Skelton), 258.
Marat at Edinburgh, 158.
Normandy and Brittany legends, 278.
Shukspeare and English lexicography, 528.
" The style is the man himself," 37. 98.
Magal on " Albion Magazine," 187.
Maginn (Dr. Wm.) and Harrison Ainsworth, 169. 235.
Magnet, early notice of, 536.
Magyar Exile on Milzena's dog, 364.
Verses of grotesque shapes, 385,
Maiden, or clothes' horse, 483.
Maidenston Hill, near Greenwich, 379.
M. (A. L.) on Framingham Pigot church, 428.
Malabar Jews, 232. 41$. 521.
Malone (Rt. Hon. Anthony), 211.
Malton Abbey, views of, 328,
Man, his antiquity on the earth, 414.
Manning (Thomas), Suffragan of Ipswich, 225. 296.

316. 336.
Mansel (H. S.) on epigram, " Sunt monachi nequam,"

308.
Mantua, the Sepulchre of the Holy Blood, 29.
Mantua (Duke of), chambers for his dwarfs, 109.
Mapes (^\'alter), his diinking-song, 185. 220.
Marat (Jean Paul) in.Edinburgh,'"52. 93. 158. 256.
March hares, their madness, 514.
Mareshall (Will, de la Grace), origin of the name, 290.
Markland (J. H.) on Conybeare's " Lectures," 90.
Marlborough (Sarah Jennings, Duchess of), her arro-
gance, 215.; birth-place, 330. 407.
Marlowe (Chr.), " Come live with me,"&c., 285.
Marriage announcements in periodicals, 396.
Marriage customs, 186. 239. 443.
Marriage law of England, 328.
Marriage licences, special, 57.
Marriage proverb, 329.
JIarrying under the gallows, 364.
Marshall (E.) on Shakspeare and the Homilies, 28-1.
Marshall (Mrs. Jane), authoress, 11.
Marshall (Wm.), engraver, 431. 522.
Martin's (St.) day and goose-eating, 243.
Martinus de Temperantia, 1490, 128.
Marvell (Andrew), letter to John Milton, 47. 90.

562

INDEX.

Mary, the Blessed Virgin, prayer to, 495.
JIary, Queen of Scots, imprisonments, 248. 388. ; her
secretary, 267. 316.; execution, 324.; cushion on
which she knelt, 363.; handle of her coffin, 472.
Masham (Lady). See Abigail Hill.
JIasson (Gustave) on monthly feuilleton of French books,
159. 338.
Nostradamus on "Cinq Mars," 78.
" Masterly inactivity," origin of the phrase, 225.
Mathematical bibliography, 465.
Matrimony, determined pursuer of, 25.
Matsys (Quintin), " The Misers," 469.
Matthews (Wm.) on birth of the Pretender, 233.
Harry Sophister, 239.
Scotch genealogies, 256.
Maude (Tlfomas), minor poet, 291. 407.
Mauleverer (John), problem in rhyme, 372.
Maunsell (Andrew), his Catalogue, 236.
Maurice (St.), churches dedicated to him, 353.
Maurus (Rabanus), Abp. of Mentz, 385.
Mauve, the fashionable colour, 267.
May (Baptist), noticed, 188.
May (Sir Humphrey), family, 1 88.
May (S. J.) on Washington letter, 289.
May-drink, or mai-trank, 35.
Mayne (Jasper), sonnet attributed to him, 345.
Mayor (J. E. B.) on Abdias Ashton, 361.
Book of Sports, 456.
Burgersdicius (Francis), 384.
Burnet's Life of Bp. Bedell, 301.
Hildersham (Arthur and Samuel), 474.
Honey wood (Michael), 439.
Irson (Thomas), 531.
Kennett's History of England, 343.
Neile (Bp.), letter to Dr. Gwyn, 287.
Eosenfeldians and Mormonites, 246.
Mayoress of York, the prefix " L^dy," 396.
Mayor's salaries, 59.
Mazena's dog, inquired after, 291. 364.
M. (C.) on De Foe's descendants. 51.
Md. (J.) on Eev. P. Rosenhagen's writings, 10.
Meals of Merse farm servants, 489.
Medland (Samuel), his singular advertisement, 530.
Medlicot (Richard) of St. Peter's College, Cambridge,

167. 199.
Medmenham monks, 351.
Meletes on Ferrers family, 147.
Melford earldom, when forfeited, 88.
Melrose (Henry) on Peel towers, 503.
Melvill (Eliz.), her " Godly Dream," 247. 311.
Mence or Mense family, 117.
Mence (Rev. Francis) of Wapping, 470. 503.
Menigoute, seal of the church of, 311. 361.
Mennes (Capt. John), noticed, 437.
Menyanthes on Kirk Session records, 325.

Landel (Wm.), Bishop of St. Andrews, 434.
Meals of Merse farm servants, 489.
Ridpath (Rev. Philip), 227.
Merchant Taylors' School, probation lists, 45. 167. 322.
Merton (Ambrose) on Christmas folk lore, 486.
Metacom on difference iu heraldry, 354. ^'^^^
Legerdemain, works on, 379.
Pratt (Ephraim), 363.
Metcalf of Searby, co. Lincoln, 267.
Methodist revivals, circa 1810, 88.
5Iewburn (Fra.) on Micliaelmas goose, 243.

M. (G. W.) on bell-ringers, 433.

Clergyman's crest, 451.

Epitaph at Thurlton, 373.

Marshall (Wm.), engraver, 431.

Ridley Hall, Chester, 434.
M. (G. W. W.) on ancient keys, 537.

Fresco in Westminster Abbey, 33.

Rings, their uses and mottoes, 523.

Shakspeare, Sherlock, and Sterne, 286.
Michael (St.), Mount off Cornwall, 111. ; off Brittany,

111. 154.
Michaelmas-day goose eating, 243. 277. 299. ; its ori-
gin, 488. '
Michelet (M.) on English literature, 26.
Miles on Vulture Hopkins, 208.
Miles (Rev. Dr.) of Tooting, 41.
Military funerals, 538.

Mill, a merry question on the burning of one, 288.
Mill (John) and Hastings' trial, 132. 158.
Miller (Dr. George), " Lectures on the Greek Lan-
guage," 50.
Milton church, Berks, sun-dial inscription, 374.
Milton (John), composition for the Powell estates, 142. ;
epigram on Queen Christina, 290. 389. ; Latin poem
against him, 227. 272. ; Marvell's letter to him, 47.
90. 134. ; Sonnet attributed to him, 344.
Minced pies and the Puritans, 488.
Minerva library, demolition of the premises, 68.
Minshew (John), the lexicographer, 269.
Minstrels' gallery in cathedrals, 35.
Mitford church, Northumberland, 348. 435.
Mitre, archbishop's, issuing from a ducal coronet, 248.
M. (J.) Edinburgh, on charter of Alexander II., 246.

Anderson (James), liis papers, 457. 475.

Wilson (Florence), John Ogilvie, &c., 203.
M. (J.), Oxford, on Sliakspeare and Chaucer, 284.
M. 2. (J.) on James Moore, 235.

Shakspeare's house at Stratford, 264.
M. (J. C.) on a prisoner's arraignment, 501.
M. (J. H.) on Steme and IMedmenham monks, 350.
M. (»L) on Molly Mog, 84. 129.
Mock disputations, 191.
Mohatra, Barata, and Stoco, 69. 133.
Moldwarps, its etymology, 98. 135.
Molly Mog of the Rose Inn, 84. 129. 145. 172.
Moly, a plant, 417.
Money, paper, used in China, 537.
Monney (Wm.), dramatic writer, 399.
Monro (Col.) of Fowles, and the Rebellion of 1715, 409.
Monson (Lord) on Pyne and Poulet, 276.
Montgomery (Robert), birth and death, 51. 118.
Montrose (James Graham, Marquis of), poem by, 440.
Monumental brasses, their preservation, 107. 136. ;

since 1688, 478.
Moody (Rev. Benj.) of Oakingham, 173.
Moore's Almanack, predicts the fall of Selim III., 356.
Jloore (James), worm-powder seller, 235.
Moore (James), secretary to Gov. Blake, 195.
Morbodffius, work on gems, 401.
More (Mary), artist and poetess, 497.
Morgan (Prof. A. De) on arithmetical notation, 460.

Bocardo a prison, 270.

Book-markers, 301.

Burgersdicius (Francis), 327.

Exhibition of 1851, its committee, 223.

Hypatia, 277.

INDEX.

563

Morgan (Prof. A. De) on problem in rhyme, 372.

Sundry replies, 190.

Synonymes, 224.
Morgan (Sir Anthony), his knighthood, 383.
I\Ionnonites and Rosenfeldians, 246.
Morten (.J. G.) on Cromwell's children, 17. 135.

Cromwell and Scotland, 70.

Hewett (Dr. John), 456.

" Portrait of a true Gentleman," 503.
Morton (Thomas), " A Koland for an Oliver," 1 30.
Morton Court, Worcestershire, 228. 294. 357. 437.
^loscow, the great bell of, 306. 442. 536.
Motet : tenor, their etymology, 489.
Motto : "His calcabo gartos," 110. 156. 389.
Mottoes of opposite sentiments, 432.
Moult (Francis), chemist, 131.
Mowbray coheirs, 217. ; family, 309.
M. (S. R.) on the Four Indian Kings, 454.
JI. (T.) on Switzerland route map, 90.
Mulcaster (Richard), noticed, 219.
Mummy of a JIanchester lady, 147.
Munchausen's frozen horn, 412.
Munro, or lilonro, origin of name, 415.
Manro (Miss Dolly), 212.

Murdoch (John), his " Pictures of the Heart," 432.
Murphy (Dr.), R. C. Bishop of Cork, his MSS., 169.
Mussulman's view of England, 47.
M. (W.) on Letters of Cranmer and Osiander, 87.
M. (W. E.) on " ilud as a March hare," 514.
:M. (W. T.) on patron saints, list of, 141.

" Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love," 37.
ilyddelton (Mrs.), portraits, 377. 423.
Myers (G. A.) on All Fools' Day and Tote, 282.

Quotation : " True patriots they," 283.
31. (Y. S.) on aide-de-camp to Lord Primate, &c., 378.

Baalun, John de, 26.

Books burnt in Ireland, 364.

Bramhall (Abp.), his arms, 259.

Chandler (Bp. Edward), his arms, 14.

Family professions, 266.

Graham and Newton families, 27.

Irish Registry Acts, 298.

James II.'s Army List, 9.

Kentish fire, 278.

Lambert and Geering families, 10.

Leigh family, 258.

Louis XV., his penmanship, 268. 387.

Lyster family, 69.

Marriage special licences, 57.

Medland (Sam.), his singular advertisement, 530.

Palliser (Abp.), his wife, 55.

Pratt (Ephraim), his longevity, 11.

Proverbial expression, 288.

Randolph (Thomas), Master of the Ports, 12.

Sacheverell (Francis), Esq., 51.

Scire Facias Club, 268.

Transmission through few links, 388.

Urban, as a Christian name, 11.

Vigor (Simon), Abp. of Narbonne, 271.

Waiburton (Bartholomew Elliott), 49.

N.

Naked-Boy Court, 538.

Nanfan (Sir Richard) of Morton Court, 228. 294. 357.

Napoleon. See Bonaparte.

Nash, .Jun., on Irish pedigrees, 378.
" Natural," or legitimate, 190.
Nautical heraldry, 269.
Navy of England 200 years ago, 68.
Negro slaves sold in England, 58.
Neile (Richard), Bishop of Durham, letter recommend-
ing Buckingham to be Chancellor of Cambridge, 287.
Nelson (Horatio Lord), his car, 380. 538.
Nelson (Robert), his family, 135.
Nemo on lateen sails, 38.

Tutenag metal, 38.
" Ness," as a local termination, 388.
Neviuson (Christopher and Stephen), 149.
Newcome (Abp.), MS. Memoir of, 310.
News Letters, manuscript, 450.
New Testament, by Copland, 1550, 208. 279. ; in

modern Greek, 371.
Newton (Sir Isaac), birth-placo, 185.
Newtons of Drogheda, 27.
N. (G.) on book inscriptions, 319.

Boyd (Zachary), 230.

British anthropophagi, 36. 73.

Celebration of a birth, 144.

Dun (Rev. John), his Sermons, 23.

Heath's Sale Catalogue of books, 401.

Leighton (Abp.), "Works," 150.

Patron saints, 299.

Willie, WiUie Wastle, 132.

Witchcraft in churning, 67.
N. 1. (G.) on Belvoir Castle, 471.
N. (H.) on Napoleon's escape from Elba, 382.
NichoUs (John), grant to, in 1682, 251.
Nichols (John Gough) on abbreviated names of counties,
277.

Boreman's Gigantick Histories, 450.

Epitaph of Dean Nowell, 374.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 221. 472.

Manuscript News Letters, 450.

Nanfan (Sir Richard) and Card. Wolsey, 357.

Prayer setting forth an expedition, 108.

St. Stephen's Day customs, 484.

" Signa " of Battel Abbey, 16.
Nicholson (Thomas) on Stratford family, 376.
Nicknames on members of parliament, 511.
Nicolson (Dr. Wm.), Abp. of Cashel, MS. Diaiy, 413. ;

on the demand for elegant synonymes, 224.
Nicolson (Dr. Joseph), Chancellor of Lincoln, 414.
Nine worthies, their names, 71. 137.
Nithsdale (Lord), his escape, 337.
Nix on Dr. Dodd's biography, 449.

Misprint in 7th Commandment, 330.

Mrs. Myddelton's portrait, 423.
N. (J.) on marriage customs, 186.

Song: " Come form we round a cheerful ring," 177-
N. (J. B.) on death of Pascal Paoli's son, 502.
N. (J. G.) on Clarendon House, 400.

Extract from Blake's Common-place Book, 465.

Gray's copy of Strype's Stowe, 416.

Gwillim's Heraldry, Cromwellian edition, 17.
N. (J. M.) on old proverb, 37.
N. (L. M.) on curved form of old inclosures, 19.

Vergubretus, &c., 17.
Noah's Ark cloud, 484.

Noble (J.) on Gen. Wolfe at Quebec, 163. 346. 370.
Xockit, a luncheon, 489.
Nodway money explained, 532.

564

INDEX.

Nonjuroi-s and Jacobites, work relating to, 227.

Nore, mutiny at, in 1797, 131.

Norfolk and Hereford (Dukes of), tlieir combat, 327.

Norham church, Northumberland, 348.

Normandy, legends of, 227. 278.

Norris, family monuments at Witton, 286.

Norris (Kev. John) of Bemerton, his " Miscellanies," 508.

North (Thomas) on catch-cope bells, 36.

Combat between Dukes of Norfolk and Hereford,
327.

Frog, a symbol, 249.

Mowbray family, 309.

St. Martin's, Leicester, dedication of church, 437.
Northamptonshire story of two farmers, 485.
Northesk (Earl of), his epitaph, 495.
Northumbrian notes, 348. 435.
Norton family of Norton Conyers, 249. 337. 388.
Norwich diocesan registers, 202.
Nostradamus, " Cinq Mars," 50. 78.
Nottmgham authors, editors, and printers, 245.
Notsa on Anne Pole, 295.

Prisoner's arraignment, 414.
Nowell (Dean), his epitaph, 374. 423.
N. (T. V.) on Abp. Cromer's family, 12. 389.

Reviews of Lingard's England, 469.
Nugaj by Lady Hamilton and Charles James Fox, 186.
Numbers, names of, and the hand, 529.
N. (W. H.) on John Baynes, 269.
N. (X.) on county voter's qualification, 70.

0.

Oak bedsteads and furniture, 38.

Oak-leaves, punishment for wearing, 156. 217.

O'C. on Debrett's Peerage, errore in, 86.

Dundalk accommodation, 88.

Howe (Geo. Augustus, Viscount), 86.

Melford earldom, 83.
O'Callaghan (E. B.) on Journal of Earl of Bellomont,
169.

British officers at New York, 17 11, 413.
O'Connell (Dan.), impromptu by, 430.
O'Driscol (Sir.), noticed, 416.

Oflfor (George) on symbolical meaning of cloven foot,
309.

Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and tlie Pilgrimage of
the Soul, 321.

Coverdale's Bible, 1553, 208.

De Guileville's Pilgrimage of the Soul, 322.

Grosseteste's " Castle of Love," 416.

Henry VIIL .and Nine Worthies, 71.

Nonjurors and Jacobites, 227.

Psalm xcv. 10.: " h ligno," 516.

Wiclif's Testament, 1731, 209.
Ogilvie (John), parson of Cruden, 203.
Oglethorpe (Sir Theophilus) and the Pi'etender, 51. 96.
0. (J.) on Jisop's Fables, 414.

Boyd's (Zachary) productions, 10.

Dorrington (Tlieop.), " The Excellent Woman,"
505,

Ker (Kob.) and the fashions of 1719, 45.

Lady Culros's Dream, 311.

" Night," a poem, 1 1. 538.

Simon Sabba, translator of Don Carlos, 399.
" Olio, or Anythingarian Miscellany," 89.

Oracles in opposition, 351.

Ord (J. Walker), his death, 531.

Orde (J. P.) on hammer-cloth, 407.

Orleans Gallery, its sale, 240.

Orthographical peculiarities, 129. 176.

Osmunda regalis, 116.

Othobon's Constitutions quoted, 532.

0. (T. R.) on the Rebellion of 1715, 409. 445. 463.

Oughton (Sir James Adolphus), 18.

Oulton (Walley Chamberlain), his death, 433.

Ovr IS on Lett family, 451.

Owen (H.) on Chatterton manuscript, 50. 194. 317.

Owen (Nicholas), suicide of, 250.

Owenson (Mr.), the actor, 415. 521.

0. (W. J.) on Dyche's Dictionary, by W. Pardon, 249.

Oxen's twelfth cake, 488.

Oxenbridge (Rev. John), noticed, 48.

Oxford Halls named from Jews, 144.

Oxfordshire proverb, 8.

Oxoniensis on Colonel Brett, 416.

Epigram to a female cup-bearer, 292.

Fenton (Lavinia), Duchess of Bolton, 291.

Maude (Thomas), minor poet, 291.

Poole family, 389.

Shawl at Leybourn, 248.

Texts from the Apocrypha, 309.
Ozmond on quotation: " Nomina si nescis," &c. 179.

Sing si dederim, 171.

P. on Halls of Greatford, 39.

Willett (Mr.), picture purchaser, 308.
Paget (Arthur) on Shakspeare's portrait, 284.
Paget (A. T.) on cartulary of Buttele, 27.
Painting on copper in a book cover, 454.
Palliser (Abp.), his wife, 55.
Pandy (Mungal), the rebel sepoy, 89.
Paoli (Pascal), death of his son, 399. 502.
Paper water-marks, 77.
Papier moure, its ingredient, 377. 438.
Paradise, food of, 202.

Pardon (Wm.), editor of Dyche's Dictionary, 249.
Parke (John), American poet, 209.
Parkinson (John), the herbalist, 495.
" Parliament of Pimlico," 89. 155.
Parliamentary member nominated by a bishop, 48.
Parr (Dr. Samuel) and minced pies, 488.
Passport granted by Queen Anne, 117.; origm of, 541.
Paston, Norfolk, its altar-tomb, 379.
Paternoster (Richard) on Dr.- Jfohnson's chair, 68.
Patrick (Bp. Symon), inedited letter, 66. 99.
Patrick (St.), his ridges, 89. 194.
Patroclus and the Fleet Ditch, 129.
Patron saints, list of, 141. 214. 299.
Pattison (S. R.) on Celtic remains in Jamaica, 24.
Pattison (T. H.) on Northumbrian notes, 348.
Paulett (Sir Arayas) and Sir Drue Drury, 324.
Paul's (St.), stones of the old cathedral, 306.
Payne (James), bookseller, 122.
Payne (J. B.) on Richard Harliston, 513.
Payton (Wm. Shakspeare) of Stratford-on-Avon, 292.

440.
P. (E. A.) on Editha Pope, 1 68.
Peacock (Edw.) on books burned and whipped, 1 68.

INDEX.

565

Peacock (Ed w.) on heraldic drawings and engravings, 523.
Newton (Sir Isaac), birth-place, 185.
Kegistration without baptism, 523.
Rustic superstition, 319.
Woodruffe (Samuel), 452.
Pearce (Sir Edward Lovett), architect, 28.
Pearce (Lieut.-Gen. Thomas), noticed, 226.
Pearson (J. N.) and Abp. Leigh ton's Works, 42. 61.

150. 507. 526.
Peat (John) on Shakspeare's Latinity, 285.
Pedigrees, Irish, missing, 378.
Peel (Sir Robert), biographical notices of, 146. 179.
Peel towers, 378. 503.
Peg tankard, its date, 78.
Pegge (Dr. Samuel), his plausible signature, ^30. ; his

poetical MSS., 146.
Pellisson-Fontanier (Paul), his Works, 339.
Pensionary in Holland, 270.
Pepys (Richard), noticed, 46. 77.
Pepys (Sam.), prayer in his Diary, 433. 537.
Percival (Sir John), his knighthood, 383.
Perthensis (J. A.) on Alexander Gordon, 279.

" Bonnie Dundee," 441.
Petrarch and Lord Falkland, 185.
Petty (Sir Wm.), his MS. Letters, 130.
Pews, history of, 204. 277.
P. (F. H.) on shadows tracing ideas, 307.
P. (G. R.) on Hedon borough seal, 523.
P. (G. W.) on Malabar Jews, 521.
P. (G. W. S.) on seven dates vacant, 309.
P. (H.) on Mr. Willett and the Orleans pictures, 337.
P. (H. E.) on game of squaring, 58.
*. on Rev. Richard Lufkin's longevity, 53.

Prediction in Moore's Almanack, 356.

Scott (Rev. John Robert), 190.
Philipps (Sir John), MS. Diary quoted, 397.
Phillips (E.), " New World of Words," 532.
Phillips (J. P.) on beai'ded women, 247.

Jacobite manuscripts, 307.

Planet showers, 206.

Rowley (Sir William), his will, 468*-

Slaves in England, 397.

Uuburied ambassadors, 500.
Phillips the Harlequin, 162.
Phillips (Wm.), the Merry Andrew, 161.
Phillipson (P.) on Henry IV. of France, 46.

St. Dominic and the Inquisition, 117.
Philo-Turpin on Dr. Maginnand Mr. Ainsworth, 169.
Philologus on Dr. Latham's theory of languages, 134.

Philology : —

Baccare, used by Shakspeare, 527.

Battens, 249. 300. 319.

Bever, or Beaver, a refreshment, 270;

Cantankerous, 188.

Cess-here, 9. 58. 195.

Cracknells, a brittle cake, 293.

Cricket, a small stool, 293.

Ducdkme in Shakspeare, 284.

Eclympasteire, 444.

Fap, or sap, in Shakspeare, 285. 528.

Fausens, a fish, 130. 177.

Gallimawfry in Shakspeare, 285. 528.

Hayne, a local termination, 171. 237. 299.

Moldwarps, 98. 135.

Pishty, 9. 58. 195.

Philology : —

Qualitied, 130. 177.

Shim, 169. 196.

Very, its etymon, 113. 200. 257.

Walpurgis, 270. 425.

Phipps (John), dramatist, 415.

Photograph .series of portraits, 524.

Piesse (Soptimus) on Family Herald essayists, 196.

Glow-worm light, 227.
Pilgrim's signs, 16.
Pindar, the vow of the poet, 266.
Pinks ( W. J.) on Queen Anne's churches, 1 6.

Bacon (Lord), his death, 354.

Badge of poverty, 184.

Bear hunt on the Thames, 148.

Burnet (Rev. Gilbert), 89.

Clerkenwell incumbents, 100.

Grave-diggers, .39. 118.

Hammjr-cloth, 439.

Hockley in th' Hole, a ballad, 414.

Knights made by Oliver Cromwell, 158.

Lynching by women in 1429, 326.

JIarrying under the gallows, 364.

Novel race by animals, 168.

Pole (Francis) of Derbyshire, 451.

Red ribbon of the Order of Bath, 168.

Smoking anecdote, 135.

Wrotham parish, its extent, 71.
Pinnock (Wm.), birth and death, 51. 118.
Pipe, a slang word, 490.
Pishty, a provincialism, 9. 58. 195.
Pitt (William) and the forged assignats, 314.
P. (J.) on frogs in Ireland, 452.

Lightning and fish, 469.

Names of numbers and the hand, 529.

Triforium, its derivation, 521.
P. (J. A.) on hour-glass in churches, 488.

Scotch clergy deprived at the Revolution, 329.
Plague of London, relics of, 288.
Planet showers, 206.

Platonis Opera, 1578, its measurement, 310. 365.
Playford (John), his birth-place and descendants, 415.
Plays, Dictionary of old English, 467. ; dates of early,

416.
Pliny's chapter on gems and precious stones, 401.
Ploughs vulgarly called waggons, 431. 504. 522.
Plowden (Pilgrim), author of " Farrago," 469.
Plowden (Sir Edmund), his " Commentaries," 454.
P. (M.) on Abdias Ashton, 336.

Rev. Peter Cunningham, 259.
Pn. (J. A.) on arms assumed at Agincourt, 399.

Bugle, an animal, 423.

Greig family arms, 252.

Heraldic query, 28.

Knights created by Oliver Cromwell, 18.

Louis XV. and Stirling peerage, 297.

Paoli (Pascal), death of his son, 502.

Stirling peerage, 434.

Super-altars in churches, 337.

Tote, its meanings, 443.

York Lady Mayoress, 396.
Pocock (Nicii.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 335.

Manning (Thomas), suffragan bishop, 336.
Pococke (Bp.), " Tour through Ireland," 109.
Poer (Heniy Lord) noticed, 378. 518.

566

INDEX.

Poets laureate, 137.

Pole (Anne), niece of tlie Cardinal, 170. 259.

Pole (Francis), of Park Hall, Derbyshire, 451. 521.

Pollock (John), Dublin solicitor, his malpractices, 341.

Polydamus, his exploits, 82.

Polytheism, its revival, 187.

Pompeii, encaustic paintings at, 89. 138.

Ponsonby (John), Speaker of Irish Commons, 212.

Poole family, 250. 389.

Poole (Rev. Sir Henry), noticed, 400.

Pope (.John), gentleman, 378. 441.

Pope of Rome, origin of changing his name, 293.

Popiana: —

" Molly Mog," its authorship, 173.

Jloore (James), 235.

Pope's chair at Audley End, 106.

Pope (Editha) of Crosby Magna, Wilts, 168.

Relics at Wokingham, 85.

Eidpath and Roper, their deaths, 182.

Smythe (James Moore), 195. 235.

Unpublished letters, 466.

Porson (Prof.) on the French invasion, 493.
Portioner, an old law term, 398. 424.
Portrait at Brickwall, Northiam, 12.
" Portrait of a true gentleman," 397. 503.
Poulett (Sir Anthony), burial-place, 479.
Poulett (John Lord) and Hugh Pyne, 223. 276.
Poverty, badg6 of, illustrated, 184.
Powell, the puppet-showman, 1 62.
Powells of Forest Hill and Jlilton, 142.
Power (Henry Lord), ob. 1742, 378. 51».
Power (Richard), Baron of the Exchequer, 212.
Powlet (Lord) and Father Pyne, 223. 276.
Prague, phantoms at the battle of, 171. 421.
Pratt (Ephraim), his longevity, 11. 137. 363.
Prayer-book clapping on Good Friday, 19. 32.
Prayer for an expedition, temp. Elizabeth, 108.
P. (R. B.) on Bartliolomew-Cokes, 187.

" Ram Alley, or Merrie Tricks," 188.
" Precedency of the Peers of Ireland," 398. 537.
Pregnant women pardoned, 29. 79.
Prescott (W. H.), birth and death, 51. 118.
Presentany explained, 113.
Preston (John), D.D., Master of Emmanuel College,

110.
Pretender. See James Francis Edward Stuart.
Price (Cormell) on Syr Tryamoure, 297.
Price (Wm. Andrew), Governor of Surat, 379. 521.
Priestley (Dr. Joseph) and Marat, 256.
Print, an old, 425.
Printers' proofs, corrected, 187.
Printing practised in China, 537.
Printing-press that worked Jlilton's Areopagitica, 69.
Printing-presses, provincial, 468.
Prisoner's arraignment, 414. 501.
Prisoners' basket carrier, 24.
Problem in rhyme, 372.
Propliecies, prohibition of, 64.
Prophecy respecting France by Bp. Ageda, 226.
Protestant refugees in 1563 and 1571, 447.

Proverbs and Phrases ;

Box — " In the wrong box," 413.
Clerical error, 532.
Cocking an eye, 417. 461.

Proverlis and Phrases : —

Cutting one's stick, 413. 478.

Devil-may-care, 310.

Drat'em, Oddrot'em, 413.

Dundalk accommodation, 88.

Early thunder, late hunger, 36.

Familiarity breeds contempt, 530.

Harry-Sophister, 86.

If that you will France win, 37.

Liberavi animam meam, 108. 157. 406. 438.

Mad as a March hare, 514.

Marriage proverb, 329.

Jlayor of Market-Jew standing in his own light,

451.
" Jly eye and Tommy," 491.
Pull garlick, 229. 444.
Scraping an acquaintance, 71. 136.
Send verdingales to Broad Gates in Oxford, 8.
Sing si dederim, 171.

Style is the man himself, 37. 54. 98. 111. 191.
This day eight days, 531.
Top: To sleep like a top, 53. 97.
Whitsunday fellow, 288.

Proverbs found in Sir Samuel Sleigh's pocket-book,

350.
Proverbs of the seventeenth century, 6. 22.
Proverbs w^orth preserving, 202.
Provincialisms, 9. 169. 483.
Prussian iron medal, 470.
Pryce (Geo.) on Somersetshire poets, 363.
Pryme (C. De la) on Cataloguers, 396.
Psalm xcv. 10.: " Dominus regnavit h, ligno," 470.

516.
P. (T. W.) on works by Bps. Gunning and Gauden,

400.
Publishing before the invention of printing, 11. 58.
Puppy-pie ate under Marlow Bridge, 496.
Purgatory, society for assurance against, 186.
Puritans and minced pies, 488.
Purkess, or Purkis family, 377.
P. (W.) on Denham Buildings, Whitehall, 167.

Giant at Rotherhithe, 204.

Gift of children, temp. Henry VIII., 531.

Henry VI., burial-place, 531.

London views in 1558, 292.

Spenser queries, 417.
P. (W. P.) on " Gcstes of Guarine," 147.

Heraldic query, 364.

Publishing before the invention of printing, 11.

Verstegan's " Restitution," 4.
Pyne (Father) and Lord Powlet, 223.2 76.
Pyne (Hugh) and John Lord Poulett, 223. 276.
Pynson (Richard), tracts printed by him, 44. 263.

Q.

Q. on Codex Alexandrinus, 259.

Hammer-cloth, 539.

Hauffs Othello, English translation, 89.
Q. (G. T.) on John Gay's poetical pieces, 145.
Q. (P). on Dr. James Scott, 338.

Edw. Underbill, the hot gospeller, 187.
Q. (P. P.) on provincialisms, 9. 169.
Q. (R. S.) on bearded women, 333.

INDEX.

567

Q. (B. S.) on Catalogue of Shalcsperiana, 56.

Minerva library premises, 68.

Weapon-salve, 237.'
*' Qualitied," as used by Cbapm.nn, ISO. 177.
Quamby (Sir Hugh) of Yorkshire, 169.
Quarles (Francis), "Divine Poems," 1706,356.
(Quarterly Keviews, writers in, 145.
Quassatio on Cudworth's unpublished MSS., 531.
Qucenborougb Castle, Isle of Sheppy, 308.
Queenhithe, stew in St. Martin's, 399.
" Quentin Bely : Jlonveg: Laale," 535.
Quincy, L'Abbayc de, its locality, 416.

Quotations : —

Dominus regnavit a ligno, 470. 516.

He either fears his fate too much, 327. 440.

It is not beautie I demande, 1 30.

Life is before ye! 109. 255.

Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love, 37.

Why eveiy nation, eveiy clime, 28. 196.

Years roll on years impatient to be gone, 513.

Q. (V. H.) on Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery, 40.

B.

I>. on Abdias Asshcton, 461.

Coals first used in England, 95.

Dr. John Hewett-, 456.

Lomax or Lomas, 478,

Shannon frigate, 204.
E. (A. A.) on a passage in Claudian, 495.

Historical narrative, 495.

Law and poison, 130.
E. (A. B.) on Eikon Basilikc-, 444.

I'oxe's Book of Martyrs, 334.

Hill, Harley, Jennings' pedigree, 57.

Pliny's chapter on gems and precious stones, 401.
IJabutin (Roger de), " Correspondence," 160.
Eiice between two bulls, four cows, and a calf, 168.
Eadner on the tobacco controversy, 452.
Eae (Mr.) on the Rebellion of 1715, 409.
Raikes (Robert) of Gloucester, 400.
Rainhill on Rev. Francis Mence, 470.
Raleigh (Sir Walter), imprisonment, 107.; presumed

relic of, 493.
Ramsay (Sir Andrew), knighthood and baronetcy, 114.

382.
Randolph (Thomas), Master of the Ports, 12. 34.
Rawson (James) on the contraction " i," 423.
R. (D.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 534.
B. (E.) on Cornish superstitions, 489.
Read (Dr. James), noticed, 70.
Reading House, London, 38.
Rebellion of 1715, historical notices, 409. 445.
Redmayne (John), D.D., 46. 79.
Redmond (S.) on Bonaparte's snuff-box, 48.

Dublin Lord Mayor, 295.

Irish Junius, 166.

Lord Fane: Count de Sallis, 186.

Marriage announcements, 396.

Nicknames on members of parliament, 511.

Regiment all of one name, 351.

Wren song, 254.
Reed (Charles) on impromptu by O'Connell, 43a

Reeves (John), his Hebrew Psalms and Greek Testa-
ment, 432.
Refugees, Prote.stant, in 1563 and 1571, 447.
R. (E. G.) on Lieut. Sparke's signet ring, 423.

Scripture local names, 433.
Regiment all of one name, 531. 538.
Regis (Dr. Balthasar), noticed, 39.
Registers, Indexes to episcopal, 202.
Registration without baptism, 469.
Registry Acts, Ireland, 298.
Reid (W. W.) on reprint of folio Shakspeare, 199.
Remigius on publication of banns, 541.
Remy (Dom.), " La Pucelle," 248.
Rent-charge and sen'ice in Yorkshire, 289.
Respondens on quotation from Voltaire, 298.
" Retire," its meaning " to withdraw," 44.
Retz (Cardinal de), "Memoires," 159.
Review, designation of works under, 117.
Reynolds (Sir Joshua), house in Leicester Square, 128.
R. (F. R.) on mummy of a Manchester lady, 1 47.
Rheged (Vryan) on glass bells for cliurches, 328.

Greek word noticed by Dean Trench, 88.

Othobon's Constitutions, 532.

Webster's Dictionaiy, 531.
Rhydderch, cup of, 306.
Richmond and its maids of honour, 375.
Ridicule and grotesque architecture, 274.
Riding-coat: Redingote, 49.
" Riding round the Great Oak," 485.
" Riding the Franchises " at Dublin, 207. 295.
Ridley Hall, Chester, 434.

Bidp.ith (George) of the Flying-Post, his death, 182.
Ridpath (Rev. Philip) of Mutton, 227.
Riley (H. T.) on Cadewoldes, 49.

Curved form in divisions of land, 32. •

Harpoys et fyssheponde, 49.

London, ancient localities near, 28.

Nostradamus: " Cinq Mars," 78.

Pretender and Sir T. Oglethorpe, 99.
Rimbault (Dr. E. F.) on unburicd ambassadors, 443.

Berdash, a neck cloth, 453.

Character of Mr. Hastings, 197.

Christmas entertainments, 481.

Drayton's " Poems, Lyrick and Pastorall," 75.

Foxe's Bock of Martyrs, 403.

Gleanings for the History of Bartholomew Fair,
161.

Handel at Bristol, 210.

Joseph of Exeter's poem: " Antiochtis," 327.

Norton fiimily, 388.

Pope (John), gentleman, 441.

" Royal Slave," 423.

Talma, a French tragedian, 429.

Vauxhall paintings, 197.

Williams (Abp.), play performed in his house, 477.
Ring, inscription on one found at Widdington, 228.
Ring, jasper runic, 248. 297.
Ring posies, 216. 466.

Rings, works on their uses and mottoes, 329. 444. 523.
Ringsend, royal chapel of St. Matthew, 52.
" Rire jaune," illustration of the phrase, 218. 258.
Rix (Joseph) on bibliographical queries, 208. 279.

Cromwell (0.), titles conferred by, 195.

Faber ve7'Siis Smith, 118.

Fly-leaf scribblings, 465.

Heralds' Visitations, 440. ' ■ • • '

568

INDEX.

Eix (Joseph) on Horace, immaculate edition, 1744, 395

Patrick's ineditecl letter, 99.

Platonis Opera, 1578. 310.
R. (J.) on bisbops elect, 431.

Blackstone's Commentaries, 454.

Coke's Fourth Institute, 452.

Dallaway's Constantinople, 187.

Fynmore (Wm.), lawyer, 495.

Fitzjames (Captain), 451.

Kirke (Col. Percy), biography of, 471.

" Precedency of the Peers of Ireland." 398.

Sheriff's precedence, 471.
B. (M. E.) on Sponge or Spanish cakes, 326.
R. (M. L.) on Scott's lines on Woman, 288.
E. (M. S.) on Capt. Thomas Endd, 496.

Militaiy funerals, 538.
E. (N.) on Robert Nelson's family, 135.
R, (N. H.) on AUeyne in Susses, 39.

Cromwell's head, 158.

Englishry and Irishry, 1 2.

Horse SubsecivsB, its author, 13.

Knights of the Eoyal Oak, 52.

Knights of Yorkshire, 51.

Places in Surrey, 71.

Thelusson the banker at Paris, 11.
Roberts (Betty), her longevity, 379.
Robertson (Lieut.-Col. W.) on Captain Cobb, 218.
Robinson (Biyan), M.D., 28.
Robinson (C. J.) on Richard Bernard, 402.

Biographical queries, 310.

Bramhall (Abp.), his arms, 338.

Crossley family of Shoreditch, 206.

Evelyn (John), 218.

Family vicissitude, 429.
. Gleane (Sir Peter), 218.

Goulston family, 298.

Hawker, its derivation, 434.

Jacob (Sir John), Bart., 206.

Lennard family, 430.

Mulcaster (Richard), 219.

Probation lists of ^Merchant Taylors' School, 45. 167.
322.

Registration without baptism, 469

Eokeby (Balph), 216.

Eowe (John), M.P., 206.

Shirley (Wm.), dramatist, 432.

Somersetshire poets, 204. 258.
Robinson (Geo.) on Bobyll and the Cai-dinal's Hat, 326.
Robson (E. C.) on forged assignata, 314.
Roche (Peter la), his passport, 117.
Rochfort (Col.), his trial, 9.
Roe (Sir Thomas), papers and correspondence, 351.
Roffe (Alfred) on Shakspeare music, 285. '

Rokeby (Ralph) of Eokeby, co. York, 89. 216.
Rome, the Seal of the Fisherman, 376.
Romford proverb, " To ride to Romford," &c., 366.
Romulus and Remus, 1.
Ronquillo (Don Pedro), his burial deferred, 377. 443.

498.
Rook, slang for a clergyman, 493.
Roper (Abel) of the Post-Boy, his death, 182.
Rosenfeldians and Mormonites, 246.
Rosenhagen (Rev. Philip), his writings, 10.
Ross (Alex.), " Mel Heliconium,'- 344.
Ross families, 397.
" Round about our Coal Fire," 481.

Rous (Lady), wife of Sir Thomas Rous, 171.

Rowe (John), M. P. temp. Elizabeth, 206.

Rowley family professions, 266.

Rowley (Sir Wm,). his will set aside, 468.

Roxby (Robert), Newcastle poet, 90.

Royal Oak knights, 383.

Royalist on Pyne and Poulet, 276.

Raleigh (Sir Walter), relic of, 493.
E. (Q.) on Countess of Stafford's letters, 27.
E. (E.) on Cromwell's baronets and knights, 114. 382.
540.

Cromwell's I'emains, 375.
E. (S.) on Julius Ca3sar's despatch, 356.
E. (T.) on Metcalf of Searby, co. Lincoln, 267.
R. (V.) on Michaelmas goose, 488.

Peg tankard belonging to a Pomeroy, 78.
Rubens (Sir Peter Paul), noticed in a docquet book,

410. 436.
Rudd (Capt. Thomas), h;s death, 496.
Rue in prisoners' dock, 27.
Euhnken's " Dictata in Terentium," 170.
Rupert (Prince), arms and crest, 418. 538.
Russell (Francis) of Chalfont St. Giles, 266.
R. (W. H.) on Arthur Hallam's Literary Remains, 397.

S. on Calverley family, 95.

Chambers for Duke of Mantua's dwarfs, 109.
2. on Robert Emmett's rebellion, 11.
S. (A.) on speed of steamers, 290.
Sacheverell (Francis), his family, 51.
Saddles, side, 187. 238. 258. 407.
Sainsbury (W. Noel) on artists' quarrels in Charles I.'s
reign, 121.

Rubens (Sir Peter Paul), 436.

York House in the Strand, 209.
St. Albans (Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of), his house

at Windsor, 355.
St. Andrew's parish, Dublin, 146.
St. Catherine and Hypatia, 148. 217.
St. David's, return of its livings, 52.
St. Dominic and the Inquisition, 117. 135. 177.
St. Eufemia, patron of the eyes, 214.
St. George of England, 214.
St. John the Evangelist, his symbol, 111.
St. John (Sir Wm.), temp. James I., 431.
St. Leger (Lady), noticed, 212.
St. Leger (Maj.-Gen. John), noticed, 225. 362.
St. Leger sweepstakes, the founder, 225. 276. 362.
St. Lowe (John), noticed, 46. 99.
St. Patrick's ridges, 89. 194.

St. Paul and the authorship of the Epistle to the He-
brews, 247. 315.
SS. Serge and Baccus, seal of their monastery, 415.
St. Stephen's Day customs, 484. 487.
Saints' days, rhymes on, 242.
Saints, list of patron, 141. 214. 299.
Salis (Count de), 186. 237.
Sallu (Sllle.), biography of, 353.
Sancte-bell, four examples, 540.
Sanderson (Eev. A. N.), his father, 355.
Sandes (William Lord), 38.
Sangraal, Eomance of, 304.
" Sanguis Jesu Christi," a Mantuan order, 29

INDEX.

569

S. (A. P.) on Huss and Luflier, 277.
Sardanapalus and Abp. Leighton, 61. US.
Sarum manuscript, 15th cent., extracts from, 464.
Saturnalia and the rites of rehgion, 274.
S. (G.) on GoulstoD family, 250.
Scala Celi, 18.

Scavenger's daughter, instrument of torture, 381. 424.
S. (C. F.) on Eobert Kaikes of Gloucester, 400.
S. (C. H.) on a case of longevity, 379.
Schelmnffsky, some account of, 431. 519. .
Scbben (Martin), print, " The Holy Family with a but-
terfly," 328.
Schuyler, a Dutch family, 290. 337.
Scorning the Church, 451.

Scotch clergy deprived at the Kevclutjon, 329. 390. 538.
Scotch genealogies, 109. 256. 317-
Scotch Kirk, paraphrases used in, 77.
" Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed," 504.
Scott (Dr. James), noticed, 338.
Scott (Rev. Dr. John Robert), noticed, 190. 218. 338.
Scott (Sir Walter), descendanti^, 27. : lines on " The
Death of the Fox," 415. 461. ; lines on "Woman,"
288. ; " Marmion," chorus " E!eu loro," 292. ; illus-
trated edition of liis Novels suggested, 393.
Scotus on Book of Sports, 414.

Williams (Abp.) and theatrical exhibitions, 401.
Scripture local names, works on, 433.
Scutch mills in Ireland, 88. 138.
S. (D.) on Earl of Clarendon's burial, 354.

Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 364.

Nugaj by Lady Hamilton and Ch. James Fox, 186.

Seven dates wanted, 406.

Stratford family, 477.
Sea breaches on Norfolk coast, 468.
Seaforth (Frances Countess of), noticed, 409. ; letters,

445.
Seal of the church of Mcnigoute, 311. 361.
Seals : the Pope's of the Fisherman, 376.; Hedon in

Yorkshire, 376. 523.; B rough ton barony, 376. 438.
Seasons, memoranda concerning, 530.
Sea-weed, its uses, 85.
Sedan chairs in Dublin, tax on, 185.
Sedgwick (D.) on Rev. Thomas Harrison, 139.
S. (E. J.) on Cooke of Gidea Hall, 352.
Selim UL, Turkish sultan, his fall and death, 356.
" Sending Jack after Yes," 484.
Senex on Charles Dibdin's song, 172.

Serfdom in England, 361.

Super-altars in churches, 337.

Talbot (Sir Humfrey), 414.
Serfdom : sale of a man and his progeny, 278. 360.
Service-silver, a tax, 354.
Seton (Sir Alex.) of Pitmedden, 246.
" Sex," as a local termination, 311.
Seymour (F.) on Anna Liffey, 311.
S. (F.) on Cantankerous, 188.

Gibber's Apology noticed by Fielding, 268.
S. (F. R.) Dublin, on bell-metal, 300.

Michaelmas goose-eating, 299.

Wren song, 407.
S. (G. L.) on Major Duncanson and Glencoe massacre,
193.

Sir James Adolphus Oughton, 18.
S. (H- ) on aerostation, 291.

De Foe's descendants, 197.
Shadows, an illustration in Bewick's ^!sop, 307.

Shflftoe (Frances), Narrative of the Pretender, 51.

Shaksperiana: —

As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 5.: "Ducdkme," 284.

Catalogue of works relating to him, 4. 56.

Hamlet queries, 267. 285.

Measure for Measure, Act III. So. 2. : " How may
likene.«s, made in crimes," 527.

Merry Wives of Windsor, Act I. Sc. I.: "The
gentleman being/«p," 285. .528.; Act IL Sc. 1.:
" He loves thy gallimawfry," 28.5. 528.

Much Ado about Nothing ; Act Y. Sc. 2. : " Put
in ih&pilces with a knife," 286.

Plays in Welsh, 207.; Reprint in 1808 of the first
folio, 199.

Portraits, 284. 527.

Shakspeare, early allusion to, 285.; on the Conti-
nent, 284.; descendant, 292.; and English ]exi-_
cography, 528.; his Latinity, 285.; music, 285. ;
prologue intended to have been spoken in aid of
the restoration of his house, 264, 265.

Sonnets, 527.

Taming of the Shrew, Act II. Sc. 1. : Baccare, 527.

Tempest, Act IV. Sc. 1.: The troth-plight and
nuptial ceremony, 141.

Shakspeare's CliiF, origin of its name, 379.
Shannon frigate, broken up, 204.
Shaving statute in Ireland, 1447, 266.
Shawl at Leybourn, 248. 388.
Sheen on Vertue's draughts and drawings, 26. 156.
Shelley (Henry) of Barhamwick, 70. 116. 198.
Sheridan (Richard Brinsley), speeches on Warren Hast-
ings' trial, 131. 259. 536.
SheriflTs precedence, 471.
Sheriffs of London and tenure services, 264.
Shield (John), Newcastle poet, 90.
" Shim," its derivation, 169. 196.
Shipp (Wm.) on Nodway money, 532.
Shirley (Wm.), dramatist, 432.
Shorthouse (Dr. J. H.) on Dr. Johnson's chair, 363.
Sickening cake, 242.

Sidney as a feminine Christian name, 298.
Sigma on Randolph Fitz-Eustace's " Brides of Florence,"
11.

Le Bas Bleu, or Fall of the Leaf, 27.

Marshall (Mrs. Jane), authoress, 11.

Smith (iEneas), factor to Earl of Moray, 495.
" Signa " of Bat tel Abbey ,16.
Silver, German, its origin, 13.
Simmias of Rhodes, his versification, 385.
Sinclair (H.) on Shakspeare's portrait, 527.
Sinclar (George), professor at Glasgow, 67. 191.
" Sing^si dederim," origin of the saying, 171.
Sion College, Elizabethan poems in, 49.
S. (J.) on Chapel Scala Celi, 18.

Decanatus Christianitatis, 415.

Knowles (Herbert), 79.
S. (Capt. J.) on Luther and Huss, 298.
S. (J. D.) on Cokam House, &c., 238.

Hayne, as a local termination, 237.
Skelmufeky, meaning of the name, 431. 519.
Sketchley (R. F.) on notes to Cotton's " Typographical

Gazetteer," 395.
Skevington (Sir John), his instrument of torture, 381.
Slang, and cant words, 490.
Slaves sold in England, 58. 397.

570

INDEX.

Sleigh (Sir Samuel), proverbs from his pocket-book,

350.
Slingsby (Sir Henry), noticed, 99.
S. (M.) on " Barataiiana," 52.
Smith (jEneas), factor to Earl of Moray, 495.
Smith (Henry), lecturer of St. Clement Dane, 152. 254.

330. 501:
Smith (H. P.) on Henry Smith's Sermons, 501.
Smith (J. T.), visit to Bartholomew Fair, 163.
Smith (Richard), his Sale Catalogue, 87.
Smith versus Faber, 87. 118. 157. 318.
Smith (W. J. B.) on Handel's Hallelujah Chon;s, 198.

Inn signs by eminent artists, 96.

Shakspeare : " Pike in a vice," 286.

Sun-dial motto, 374.
S. (M. N.) on Foxe's Book of Martyi-s, 272.

Skeletons at Cnma with wax heads, 170.

Vauxhall paintings, 70.
Smoking anecdotes, 107. 138.
Smythe (James Moore), noticed, 195. 235.
Sneyd (Honora), her autograph, 432. 505.
Soldiers shot, memorial stone of, 70. 156. 217.
Somersetshire poets, 204. 258. 319. 363.

Songs and Ballads: —

Bonnie Dundee, 148. 258. 363. 441.

Christmas merry song, 481.

Come form we round a; cheerful ring, 177.

Death of the Fox, 415. 461.

Dibdin (Charles), " The Labourer's Welcome

Home," 172.
Hallow e'en: the Wren Song, 209. 253.
Hockley i' the Hole, 414. 537.
I, William of the Wastle, 70. 132.
John Gilpin, alias Mr. Beyer, 110.
Lady Culross's dream, 247.
Laird of Cockpen, 123.
Molly Mog, 84. 129. 145. 172.
0 whar got ye that auld crooked penny, 148. 258.

363. 441.
■. Sack of Baltimore, 415.
"^Sir John Eland, of Eland, 169. 216.
Slave ship, 353. 480.

Then push about the flowing bowl, 128. 177.
Wasp, 377.

Willie Wastle, 70. 132.
Wren Song, 209. 253. 407.

Sophocles, his " Clytaninestra," 26.

Sorbonne, attack on the, 15.

Sot's Hole, a tavern, 250.

Soul, its derivation and meaning, 250. 334.

Sound, its travelling experimentally proved, 505.

Southey (Dr. Robert), birth-place, 363.

S. (P.) on "Essay on Taste," and Faux, 470.

Sparke (Lieut.), his signet ring, 423.

Speech, one human before the flood, 379. 538.

Speed D. (J.) on death warrants, 523.

Spirit of the Waters, a Norway legend, 487.

Sponge or Spanish cakes,' 326.

Spontoon,_a light battle-axe, 197. 424.

Spoon inscription, 512.

Spoon-lifting on St. Stephen's Day, 484.

Sport, as a .slang word, 492.

Sprat (Bishop), retort to Duke of Buckingham, 504.

Sprott (Thomas), " Chronica," 29.

Squaring the circle, a game, 8. 58. 191. 291. 511.

S. (R.) on Fawnes family, 136,

Grotesque in churches, 236.
S. (R. H.) on the four Indi m kings, 417.
2 2. on Cotgrave's Frendi-English Dictionary, 453.

Richmond maids of lu iiour, 375.

Scott (Rev. Dr. J. If.), 218.

Thomson (James), his marriage. 424.
S. (S. D.) on General Thackwell, 439.

Old Boodleite, 443.
S. (S. M.) on .proverbs, &c. of the 17th century, 6. 22.
S. (S. S.) on Glynn's " Day of Judgment," 196.

Orthographical peculiarities, 129.

Toy, its old meaning, 127.
S. (T.) on device of a crown as a ship, 110.
Stafford (Countess of), her letters, 27.
Stamford Hill, noticed, 28. 158. 406.
Stamps, Irish, 50.

Standen (Edward) of Arborfield, 85. 173.
Stannard (W. J.), early booksellers' catalogues, 236.

Junius authorship settled, 68.
Statist on death wan-ants, 433.
S. (T. E.) on Arthur Hildcrbliam, 431.

Lomax or Lomas, 478.
Steamers, their speed, 290.
Steele (Sir Richard), his former wife, 206.
Steinman (G. S.) on Mrs. Mvddelton, 377.
Steinmetz (Andrew) on " The style is the man himself,"

54.
Stephen (King), his oak near Brigstock, 498.
Stephens (F.) on British anthropophagi, 71.
Stem (Dr.), suffragan of Dover, 302.
Sterne (Laurence), not a Medmenham monk, 350.
Stewart (Walking), noticed, 247.
S. (T. G.) on Lady Culross's dream, 313.
Stirling (James), his works, 147.
Stirling (John), translator of Terence, 512.
Stiriing peerage, 268. 297. 387. 434.
Stock Exchange, its bull and bear, 79. 138. 200.
Stocks for punishment, remains of, 59.
Stoco, its etymology, 69. 133.
Stone (George), Abp. of Armagh, 212.
Stonehenge, Brahminical account of, 69.
Stones, lucky, 267.

Strangers in London in 1563 and 1571, 447.
Stratford family, 376. 424. 477. 522.
Stratford (Dr. Nicholas). Bishop of Chester, 376. 477.

.522.
Strike, an ancient one, 376.
Stuart (Charles Edward), grandson of James IL, liis

letters, 307.
Stuart (James Francis Edward), son of James IL, his

legitimacy, 51. 99. 233.
Stuart (Ferdinand Smyth), his family, 495.
Stuckling, an apple tart, its derivation, 483.
Stuffynwood on Sir William Sutton, 26.
S. (T. W.) on legends of Normandy and Brittany, 227.
St. (W.) on De Foe's descendants, 94.

Pole (Francis) of Derbyshire, 521.
Style, Old and New, how distinguished, 488.
Sullacombe (M.) and the streets of London, 105.
Sunday observance, te7»2i. Charles I., 401. 477.
Sun-dial inscription, Milton church, Berks, 374.
Sun-dial with retrograding shadow, 144. 438.
Super-altars in cathedrals, 204. 255. 297. 337.
Surplice worn on Good Friday, 415.
Suthcriand (Eari of) and the Rebellion of 1715, 410.

INDEX.

571

Sutton (Sir Win.), epitaph, 26.

S. (W.) on prices of Bibles in 17tli century, 16.

Borgliese (the Princess), 417.
Swan (Edward B.), Surveyor-General, 212.
Swans, names to distinguish the sex, 416. 524.

Swiftiana : —

Goodwin (Mrs.), relationship to Swift, 269.
Ridpath and Roper, their deaths, 182.
Swift and the authorship of " Molly Mog," 174.
Swift's satire upon Lord Cutts, 132.
Swift's visits to Wokingham, 85.
" Tale of a Tub," its authorship, 269.; its origin,
290.

Swift (Thomas) and the authorship of " The Tale of a

Tub," 269.
Switzerland, route map of, 90. 199.
S. (W. N.) on Sir John Hart, 308.
Symbolism in church architecture, 274.
Synonymes, noticed by Bp. Nicolson, 224.
" Syr Tryamoure," obscure passages in, 225. 297. 359.

474.

T.

T. on Henry William Bunbury, 71.

Bruce (Robert), his skull, 167.

Highland regiment at battle of Leipsic, 469.

Laird of Cockpen: Broase and Butter, 123.

Stirling (James), his Works, 147.
T. (1.) on death of Lord Chatham, 513.

Sir Joshua Reynolds's House, 128.
Talbot (Sir Humpfrey), sheriff of Berks, 414.
Talbot (J. G.) on Faber verstis Smith, 87.
Talbot (Thomas), noticed, 148. 217.
Talbot monuments, 371.
Tallboys on grinding old people young, 327.

Smith families, 318.
Talma, French tragedian, 429.
Tamberlin family, 171.
Tankeroas, its derivation, 188.
Tarqulnius Superbus, prodigy of his downfal, 2.
Taylor (E. S.) on " Eikon-Basilike," 500.
Taylor (Jlichael Angelo), noticed, 460.
Taylor (W.) on sun-dial with retrograding shadow,

144.
Te Deum interpolated, 352.
Tee-Bee on a lover of matrimony, "25.

Mussulman's view of England, 47.
Teeth, charm for cutting, 326.
Telegraph, electric, foreshadowed, 503.; ocean cable,

148. 200.
Teniple as applied to Protestant churches, 291.
Temple (H. L.) on biographers and their subjects, 451.

Bishop Sprat's retort, 504.
Temple (Launcelot). See John Armstrong.
Ten, its etymology, 529.
Ten and tenglars, 52. 98.
Tenebra! office in the Roman church, 32.
Tenglars, its meaning, 52. 98.

Tennent (Sir J. Emerson) on " cutting one's stick,"
478.

Sardanapalus and Abp. Leighton, 113.

Wren Song, 253.
Tennyson (Alfred), story of his " Enid," 131. 155.
Tenor, origin of the word, 489.

Tenure services: chopping two sticks, and counting

horse-shoe nails, 264.
Terence's Comedies, translations, 512.
Termed, hunting match of, 427.
Testament, New, in modern Greek, 371.; by Copland,

1550, 208. 279.
Texts from the Apocrypha, 309. 443.; from different

passages of Scripture, 309.
T. (F. G.) on Wyngrerde's Views of London, 332.
T. (G. L.) on Major G, P. Thomas, 415.
Thames bargees, their manifold pilferings, 496.
Thelusson (Peter), the banker, his books, 11.
Theocritus and Virgil, 239.

T. (H. E. P.) on Phillips's New World of Words, 532.
Theta on " The Sack of Baltimore," 415.
Theta (Sigma) on Highland regiment at Leipsic, 537.

Military queries, 328.

Scotch episcopal clergy, 390.

Watson family of Yorkshire, 10. 328.
Thirkeld (PuiV. Wm.) of Durham, 451.
Tliomas (Major Geo. Powell), his ancestry, 415.
Thomas (W. Moy) on Molly Mog, 175.
Thomasou (G. T.), custom in his " Jlemories," 1 70.
Thompson (Edward) on tower-crowned arch, 129.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 435.

Northum.brian notes, 435.
Thompson (Pishey), on Andrew; Gaffman, 323.

Actresses ennobled by marriage, 336.

Americiin statesman's library, 450.

Literary taste of different countries, 430.

JIarlborough (Duchess of), birthplace, 330. 407.

Minstrel's gallery in Lincoln Cathedral, 35.

" Ness," as a local termination, 388.

Tote, its meaning, 338.

Weston (Sir Wm. and Sir Richard), 336.
Thorns (W. J.) on English actors in Germany, 21.
Thomson (James), iwet, his family, 50. 239. 424,
" Three Kings of Colon," an anthem, 431. 505.
0. (5.) on Dr. James Andereon, 169. 327.

Duncanson (JIajor), and massacre of Glenooe, 109.

Lilac, its derivation, 109.

Scotch genealogies, 109.

Smith families, 318.
Thunder, winterly, 36.
Thunder-stones, 92.
Thurneisser and Turner, 39.
Thwackwell (Col.) noticed, 310. 439.
Tiber, its overflowings in 1688, 450.
Tick, a slang word, 492.
Tillotson (Abp.), quotation in his Sermons, 69. 119.

179.
Tilly (Counsellor), noticed, 206.
Timbs (John) on " cutting one's stick," 413.

Flower-pot inn sign, 497.
Tisdale (Philip), Attorney-General, 212.
Tite (Wm.) on a sonnet attributed to Milton, 344.
T. (J. E.) on an almery, 251.

" John Bull," as a national sobriquet, 453.
T. (N.) on London's Catalogue of Vendible Books, 105.
Tobacco controversy of 1858, 452.
Tooth-ache superstition, 484.
Tophana on papier nioure, 377.
Torture not allowed by the laws of England, 176. 217.
Tote, its derivation, 282. 338. 443.
" Toucher," explained, 433.
Tower of London, residence within, 69.

572

INDEX.

Tower-crowned arch, 129.

Towns, abbreviated names of, 219. 277. 299.

Townsend (Rev. Meredith), 36.

Townshend (George Viscount), 211.

Towse (Nicholas), visited by an apparition, 222.

Toy, its old meaning, 127.

Translatore' interpolations, 206.

Treason, execution for, 149.

Treasury, memoi'ials to, 65.

Trees and flowers, notes on, 424.

Trench (Francis) on Lord Bacon on Conversation, 108.

Careless writing and odd result, 326.

Carriage-boot, 317.

Derivation of layman, 127.

Dry den's recantation, 307.

Jews and the Oxford Halls, 144.

Oxfordshire proverb, 8.

Pindar the poet's vow, 266.

Prince of Wales at Oxford, 323.
Trevelyan (Sir W. C.) on Sir Henry Calveriey, 198.

Tracts by Wynkyn de Worde and Pynson, 263.
Tricolor flag of France, 192. 218.
Triforium, its derivation, 521.
Troutbeck, inn sign at, 96.

T. (T. T.) on authorship of " Tale of a Tub," 269. 290.
Tun glass, 110.

Turenne (Marshal), story of, 88.
Tutenag metal, 38. 78.
Twelfth-day vigil, thirteen fires on, 488.
T. (W. H. W.) on the word " end," 522.

Marehall (William), engraver, 522.
Tyas (Geo.) on rent-charge and service in Yorkshire,

289.
Typo on early English printing, 69.
Tyrone (Hugh O'Neil), earl of, motto, 389.
Tywi (Gwilym Glan) on Old Boodleite, 353.

U.

Ufford church, its sacrilegious desecration, 53.
Ulphilas's translation of the New Testament, 87. 118.
Underbill (Edw.), the " Hot Gospeller," 187.
Uneda on buying a Bible, 235.

Clergy support in Massachussetts, 127

Coleman (John) and the Monster, 229.

Fowling and matrimony, 144.

" Masterly inactivity," origin of the phrase, 225.

Stewart (Walking), 247.

Thomson (James), the poet, 239.
University hoods, 74. 191. 239.
Unlucky days, 429.
'T7ro(rTa(rjs=understanding, 190.
Urban, as a Christian name, 11. 76.
Ussher (Abp.), new edition of his " Britannicaniin

Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," 29.
Ussher (Arthur) of Donny brook, 438.
Ussher (Sir Wm.), drowned in the Dodder, 324. 438.
U. (U. U. U.) on Breeches Bible, 356.

V. on Davenant's place of confinement, 28.

Valeat Quantum on Junius and Henry Flood, 101. 189.

Vales of Red and White Horse, 39. 255.

Vandniss (General), 187.

Van Leweu (John), M.D. noticed, 146.

Vargas, his oath, 355.

Vauxhall paintings. 70. 197.; punch, &c., 205.

Vebna on Cromwell's head, 218.

Hearing through the mouth, 136.

Liberavi animam meam, 157.

Scraping an acquaintance, 136.
Venice, mediajval architecture of, 108.
Verax on archiepiscopal mitre, 248.
Verdingales, or farthingales, 8.
Vergubretus, its etymology, 17.
Verses of grotesque shapes, 290. 385.
Verstegan (Richard), his parentage, 4.
Vertue (George), draughts of ancient statues, 26. 93.

156. 364.
Very, the etymon of, 113. 200. 257.
Vigor (Simon), Abp. of Narbonne, 271.
Vilain Quatorze, origin of title, 466.
Villenage, 18. 278. 360. 423.
Villon (Fi-ancis), his Works, 338.
V— n (H. G.) on Sir Charies Bawdin, 148.
Voltaire (M. F. A.), epitaph, 197.; quotation from,

298.
Voters termed smokers, 17.
Vulture in Italy, 1.; its habits, 3.

W.

W. on Chatterton manuscripts, 234.

Winkley family, 170.
W. 1. on Society fir Assurance against Purgatory, 186.
W. (A. H.) on Te Deum interpolated, 352.
Waits at Christmas tide, 486.
Wales, Princes of, residence at Oxford, 323.
Walpurgis, its meaning and derivation, 270. 425.
Warburton (Bartholomew Elliott), noticed, 49.
Ward (Dr. Nathaniel), vicar of Staindrop, 46. 76.
Warden of the Cinque Ports as coroner, 310. 364.
Warehouses, bonded, origin of, 144.
Washington (Gen.), letter to John Custis, 289.
" Watchman," author of a poem on the, 353.
Water-marks on paper, 77.
Watson family of Yorkshire, 10. 76. 94. 119.
Watson of Bilton Park, their arms, 328.
Watson (Rev. Geo.), sermon, " Christ the Light of the

Worid," 396.
Watts (Dr. Isaac), his orthodoxy, 190.
Waverley on General Thackwell, 439.
W. (B.) on Scottish clergy deprived in 1689, 538.
W. (De) on Stratford fiiinily, 424.
W. (E.) on Cambridge costume, 74.

Fuller's sermon on Hen. Danvers, 309.
Weapon salve, 190. 237.
Weazel formerly confounded with the cat, 261.
Webster (Dr. Noah), " Dictionary," 531.
Weir (Archibald), on occasional forms of prayer, 147.
Wellbank on folk lore, 242.
Wellington (Arthur, Duke of), ancestry, 186.; address

from the county of Dublin, 466.
Wells (Mr.), dramatic writer, 109.
Welsh judges, 378.

W. (E. S.) on the " Three Kings of Colon," 431.
Wesley (Rev. John), his birth-place, 514.; Hymns,

with tunes, 453.

IlfDEX.

573

Western (Lieiit. Joliii), epitapb, 494.

Westmacott (CliaiJes Molloy), " The English Spy,"

131.
Westminster Abbey, fresco in the liccted rocan, 33. 5.5.
Weston (Sir Eichard), noticed, 336.
Weston (Tliomas), epitaph at Flcx^ence, 373.
Weston (Sir William), noticed, 336.
W. (F. G.) on Earl of Northesk's epitaph, 495.

Prince Rupert's arms, 538.
W. (H.) on Bocase tree in Noithamptonshii'e, 498.

Bulse, its meaning, 408. .

Inn signs by eminent artists, 96.

Mold warp, its etymology, 98.

" Pull garlick," 229. 257.

Watson of Yorkshire, ^4.
AVhig, singular definition of the woi-d, 413.
White (Dr. John), his Works in Enstone church, 533.
White (J. D.) on Cashel p-ogresses, 377.
Whitelock pedigree, 207.
Whitsuntide fellow, 288.

Wiclif (John), " Last Age of the Church," the word
" elispirid," 47 1 . ; New Testament, by Lewis, 208,;
Testament used by Dean Trench, 452.
Widbin, or dogwood, its derivation, 483.
Widdington, gold ring found at, 228.
Widow's cap, its origin, 433.
Wife-selling at Dudley, 258.
WJghtman (Gen. J.), lettei- to the Countess of Seafortb,

446.
Wilkinson (H. E.) on Herbert Knowles, 28.

Oak-bedsteads and furniture, 38.
Willett (Mr.), purchaser of Orleans pictures, 308. 337.

443. 520.
Williams (Abp.), a play acted in his house, 401. 477.
Williams (John) on carriage boot, 407.

" Dominus regnavit h, hgno," 515.

Manning (Thomas), suflragan, 296.

Seal of Menigoutte church, 361.
WiUis (Timothy), ambassador to Muscovy, 310.
Wilson (Florence), noticed, 203.
Wilson (Nicholas), his eighth wife, 25.
Wilson (Prof. John), birth and death, 51. 118.
Wilton (Edward) on Sir John Danvers, 338.
Wiltshire Antiquities, MS. vol. by Aubrey, 467.
Winchcombe (John) alias Jack of Newbury, 304.
Winchester cathedral, the minstrels' gallery, 35.
Winchester diocesan registers, 202.
Window in the sense of blank, 470.
Windsor, Buiford House at, 355.; spit for the baron of

beef, 248. 336.
Wink, as a local prefix, 70. 96.
Winkley family, 170.
Winnington (Sir T. E.) on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 535.

Talbot monument, 371.
Winsley family, 353.
Winstanley (Wm.), his death, 531.
" Wirried at a steack," 27. 57. 239.
Wise (Dr. Francis) on the White Horse, 255.
Witchcraft in churning, 67. 504. ; forbidden by Abp.

Theodore, 196.
Witches wirried at a stake, 27. 57. 239.
Witt (John de), spelling of his name, 216.
W. (J.) on account of Innismurray, 170.
W. (J.) {Bhininghavi) on Calcuith, 205.
W. (J. F.) on Herbert Knowles, 55.

Norton family, 337.

W. (J. H.) on Nelson's car, 538.

Wyngrerde's Views of London, 331.
W. (K. F.) on derivation of " Whig," 413.
W. (L.) on Winsley family, 353.
W. (L. A. B.) on Catalogue of Shakspeariana, 4.
Wogan (Wm.) of Ealing, 42. 507. 527.
Wolf, the last in Scotland, 169. 296. 402.
Wolfe (Gen. James), journal of the siege of Quebec,

163. 346. 370.
Wolsey (Cardinal), residence at Morton Court, 228. 294.

357. 437.
Wonfor (T. W.) on " Life is before ye! " 109.

Osmunda regalis, 116.

Passport granted by Queen Anne, 117.
Wood (Key. Matthew), noticed, 250. 389.
Wood (Wm,), author of " The Survey of Trade," 188.
Wood (Wm.) of the Drapier's Letters, 188.
Woodroof, Asperula odorata, 13. 35. 77.
Woodroffe (Richard) of Woolley, 69.
WoodrufFe (Samuel) of Gainsborough, 452.
Woodville (Eliz.), portrait at Hampton Court, 54.
Woodville family maniages, 329.
Woodward (B. B.) on abbreviated names of counties,
299.

Heraldic query, 11.

Indexes to episcopal registers, 202.

Kentish longtails, 539.

Memoranda concerning the seasons, 530.

Minstrels' gallery in Winchester cathedral, 35.

Pregnancy, a ground of reprieve, 79.

Suffragan bishop, 225. 316.
Words now obsolete, 6. 22.
Workard (J. J. B.) on Devil-may-cai-e, 310.

Mayor of JIarket-Jew, 451.
Wotton (Sir Henry), letter to the Earl of Salisbuiy,

302.
W. (P. J.) on puppy-pie and Thames' bargees, 496.

"'The Young Travellers," 178.
W. (R.) on John Bunyan's meeting-house, 110.

Sanderson (Rev. A. N.), his father, 355.

Talbot (Thomas), 148.
W. 1. (R.) on bulse, its meaning, 408.
Wratislaw (A. H.) on Baron Wratislaw's captivity, 145.
Wratislaw (Baron), captivity in Turkey, 145.
Wren song: :gallow e'en, 209. 253.
Wright (Edward) of Stretton, 13.
Wright (Sir Geo.), Fellow of St. John's, Osford,'310.
Writers bribed to silence, 415. 461.
Writing, careless, and its odd results, 326.
Wrexham, antiquities at, 50.
Wrotham in Kent, extent of its parish, 71.
W. (T. E.) on Birtsmorton Court, 538.

Kendrick family, 440.

Wolsey (Cardinal), 294.
W. (W.) on orthographical peculiarities, 176.

Game of squaring the circle, 8.
W. (W. H.) on James Anderson, 217.

Sir Richard Steele's first wife, 206.
W. (W. 0.) on Bentivoglio family, 130.

Garnet (Henry), his letter, 283.

Gunpowder-plot documents, 369.

Hanged, drawn, and quartered, 149.

Judges' black cap, 130. 238.

Owen (Nicholas), 250.

Popes changing their names, 293."'

Raleigh (Sir Walter), imprisonment,'_107.

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INDEX.

W. (W. 0.) on Shelley and Barliamwick, 70.
Warden of the Cinque Ports, 310.
Witt (Johnde), spelling of his name, 216.
Wylje (Charles) on bull and bear of Stock Exchange,
138. 200.
Boydell's Shakspeare Gallery, 457.
Hoadly (Dr. John), private theatre, 149.
Wymondham bell inscription, 389.
Wyngrerde (Antonio Van Den), London vievrs, 292.

331.
Wynkyn de Worde, punches iised by him, 69.; rare

tracts by, 263.
Wynyard ghost story, 14.

X.

X. (^West Derby) on Foxe's Book of Jlartyrs, 272.

" Liberavi animam meam," 438.
X. (2.) on British and American authors, 51.

English translations of" Don Quixote," 71.
H. on Rev. Wm. Cockinand Lord Erskine, 25.

Cockade in servants' h.ats, 37.
X. (X.A.) on Barnstaple; Barum, 56.

Yemen on a Scottish song, 148.

Yeowell (J.) on John Lilly, dramatist, 221

" JloUy Mog," a ballad, 172.

Pope's chair at Audley End, 106.

Roper (Abel) and George Ridpatb, 182.
y. (G._) on Ballop, 256.

Livei"pool, Cespoole, Lerpoole, 257.

Y. (G. D.) on Minshew and early Dictionaries, 263.
Y. (J.^ on Dr. Brett's autobiography, 248.

Brownist sect, its origin, 449.

D'Avenant fSir Wm.), confinement, 98.

Fairchild lecture, 480.

Finsbury Jail, its locality, 268.

Moult (Francis), chemist, 131.

Plague of London, relics of, 288.

Shaving statute in Ireland, 266.
Ymovynydd on Col. Johnes of Havod, 378.

Welsh judges, 378.
Y. (0. D.) on Buchanan pedigree, 277.
York House in the Strand, 121. 195. 209.
York Lady Mayoress, 396.
Yorkshire, inscription in a manor-house, 353,
Yorkshire knights, 51.
Yorkshire worthies, works on, 207. 439.
Young (Dr. Edward) and Voltaire, 134. 197.
" Young Travellers, or a Visit to Oxford," 130. 178.
Ysaaco (Senor), colloquv with Duque de Blasas, 133.
Y. (X.) on the sign, "the Load of Mischief," 496.

Z. on anonymous plays, 250.

Witches worried at a stake, 57.
Z. (1.) on Rev. Joseph Grigg, 270.
Z. (A.) on American dramatists, 250.

Cranbrook grammar school, 249.
Zinzan family, 292. 479.
Z. (R.) on Ste Ampoule, 381.
Z. z. on charm for cutting teeth, 326.

Cumberworth (Thomas), his will, .375.

Heralds' Visitations, 303.

Woodville (Elizabeth), 54.

END OF THE EIGHTH VOLUME. — SECOND SERIES.

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