GIBBS Trees and Shrubs adapted to Central [llinois Botany B. S. 1900 UNIVERSITY oF TLL. LIBRARY () Pee PEEP EP () Rearning and Xabor. LIBRARY OF THE University of Illinois. CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME. Beas eae | x Accessioris NO. 5.32 ates scat : 4 , ot t = y IY ! AN / RY YASS ly Ni VAISS VRY ke aS RUAN a SINT iii fy —-\ ra . / The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from / \\ i] . . ; . ~~ which it was withdrawn on or before the _ / Latest Date stamped below. i Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. = UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN a Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/notesupontreesshOOgibb a Sere NOTES UPON TREES on SHRUBS ADAPTED TO CENTRAL ILLINOIS With especial reference to their value in ormamental planting IBY. GEORGE GIBBS JR. ———— ||| ————_ AS ares lor degree of Bachelor of Seience in the College of Science INTHE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESENTED JUNE 1900 YRARBLA WovViddt OVATE hANAYY ; : ey ay AVP RAM ie O°} Capon a Cae pis A = — Fr CSURHG: x9 Gath & ya kata ey SON THN Uh ieee we) GOB Foes hed eit ‘ ern KAD ae ft satis ie sitet : ar | wrk = _ 2° ZION ae ‘ices , 08} OL ~ $980 SINGING 4£ NUE 1,0 ° Le) UNIVERSIRY OF FLPINOTS a, 1900 THIS Is RTIFY THAT THE 2ABED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY ENTITLED ... IS APPROVE ULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF NOTRS UPON TREES AND SHRUBS ADAPTED TO CENTRAL ILLINOIS. As far as possible a complete list of the trees and shrubs,— both indigenous and introduced, that are adapted to Central Illinois has been made in this study. It has been the endeavor by this means to get at the origin and the value of the material to be had for park and ornamental planting. Champaign has been the center of action, while all possible data have been obtained in regard to the surround- ing country. Although it has not been practicable tc obtain the facts concerning all plants grown in this region, some data, at least, have | been gathered relating to all our common trees and shrubs. In addition to actual observation in the field a study has been made of all the articles found in the library. The books that bear upon the subject may be divided, for convenience into four classes as follows: 1. Text books, manuals, and general works. 2. Works upon forestry. 3. Nursery catalogues, and lists. 4, Fragmentary and special articles, consisting of theses, monographs, manazine articles, etc. ib. Ge Gs gD. tribution. ed. Does not include many cult. Smithsonian Inst. in Forests of Mass., 1875. Very Gray, Asa (1) Field Forest and Garden given to cultivated plants. (2) Flora of United States. (3) Manual of Botany, Sixth Brown, D. J. Trees of North America 1846. I. Text-books, Manuals, etc. trees grown here, but not complete. Old. good as a Cooper, J. G. List of trees geographically, 1858; in Danberry, Chas. Popular Geography of Plants, 1855. Apgar, A. C. Trees of the Northern United States, 1892. Very good; includes native, and many introduced species. Benthum and Hooker. Genera Plantarum, 1876, Latin; in three volumes; gives all known genera of plants with their dis- Britton and Brown. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada, 1896. The most complete manual publish- species of foreign origin. includes foreign Chapman, A. W. Flora of Southern United States, first ed. 1860, | others since then (1894). Best manual of that locality. Proc. Emerson, George B. Report on Trees and Shrubs Growing Naturally | reference book. Botany, 1895. Especially Synoptical, 1884. 2 Vol. ed. 1889. Most convenient | & 4 of ade? tor enti trogek 5 is eal . oS ae a a - osc. exe ssorer saa “a i * = . 7 i 7 =" _ DD | 6 rs * wee earl nk re . x yhe 4 mm he! tr nik dante. ket BOStT af snoete! a feo =r sae pabotentll 4 0 4 a -! TA yet! ; 18D. Les = , > Ai “7 ays i y vt? ° ) A } Ly - dee fon nf at ot? Tal tt ibe r Ta c4@ for ahha i Lema: 's O@*L sepa « ie 26r" . -opntagee: fai Sts! * 5 tu es | tree) re ‘% > {* j | Peis) “7 . a «\ o* a = ‘ : i So c00% Te SRRRRROgD “te iee Ts ; as r af tog tov md co eetet, Gea. for field work, not so full as Britton and Brown, Kerner and Oliver, Natural History of Plants, 1895. [In 4 Vols, large illust. Valuable as a popular work. Lindlay and Moore, Treasury of Botany, London, 1846. Useful for reference work. ) MacMillan, Minnesota Plant Life. a of Minn.Valley 1892. ieee. | The U. Se Sylva, 1859. 3 Vol. colored illust. Nevnall, Trees of Northeastern United States. In Chamn. Lib. Nuttall, Thos. North American Sylva, 1859. A continuation of Michx. 2 Vol. colored illustrations. Sargent, ©. S. (1) Unites States Forests. 10th Census Vol.9. Sixteen colored maps. (2) . Sylva of the United States. 12 Vols. Large.iliust. by half peer Rieti however, of only frag- ments, no whole trees shown. Sudworth, G. B. Nomenclature of United States Avborescent Flora. United States Bul. 14. Dep. Agr. Div. Forestry, Synonomy, but no descriptions. feues, S&S. Hs Text-book of Botany, 1895. Touches upon paleobotany, good on floral parts and te ships. Warming and Potter. Systematic Botany, 1895. Very full on plant histories and relationships. (oadicy’ on Sew tone arene EC oTnRD Le Yenwath} torusnet. eon te iia! . Meee ‘ Th Lore a: nr sea iny tenet bi lobia! , ener Te ccna erold + 4 i stow pono ins ra ri ‘ =e » 12 te foal Ai gnekii a vy =, L6¥ a rf eri0a 29 0 a | v.24 ; * ‘ - if Vine rr r \ a Tr. t t ' vro"g ef ; é rt ’ 7 bf 1 & 7 | ve ; ° ‘ “eg 4 2 —_-_ 4 . ied: - o , Toray .ovew | Ov te CA +e MAAS ae | See rd SLs eae hoe . ee lady hl lit Gahan t nn Terausor ey ré See... . Tt -O4 , £200 syateot? . webses «DM “OV oot si gee atuigos -UTIRE Sie st . ie roe P 7 ; : =< oa - Jive) “iteow ..celt demiplt | oasis a oe : at? bl wh fogmaasihant BZ R06 : : a ig UPR MGS bea! ¢ 5 IV. §pecials, Fragmentaries, etc. Brendel, Flora Peoriana, 188". Bujiterd, Flora Parisiensis, 1776. 6 Vol, Colored illust. Coleman, W.S. Our Woodlands,Heaths, and Hedges. London, 1866. Flemantary; gives insects. Clinton, G. P. Flora Champaign Co. Thesis and card catalogue. Gray, Sam'l. British Plants, 1821. Gordon, Pinetum, 1880. Complete manual of Coniferae. 500.p.{ Holston, B. B. Study of Timber Trees of Washington Co. Ill. 1894. Hoopes, Book of Evergreens, 1868. Miopel, EE. Guide to Trees of New England by their leaves. 1894' BiboGec.Jr. Magazines,Revorts of Gardens, etc. Am. Naturalist, Some good articles. Few on botany. Me. Jl. Sczence, rormerly Sillman's Jl. Avstruse, but few arti 4les on bdotany. Annals of Botany. Good but mostly physiological botany. nals of Natural History, Botany, *?rench. Botanical Gazette. Bulletin New York Botanical Gardens. Bulletin Boston Park Improvement Association. Not in our Lib. Edinburg. Jl. Sc. Garden and Forest. Fine,but discontinued. i ‘ ae ; r) : tn aes MEN Loa, eal ‘ Pin 4 . r - - : va Ant ; te = - \ Pill. rrois at er £ * ' = . ) . IDR? one eteteees 7 ie - cite ie Leen : Tr .murtecdts . Bea! mit 8) i. Oe broking wel ko ayett of Abu. oo ~tuikie o's AG Mee 4 foe | OINSo DedyE wink: (3a 1 Kraan a re , i ,Oi «Ame A otk ee th ; ? ‘peta sone ioe re j oe - ie . , -yaRtoe Ht ; inc brelete rity thyeen dard poons dearca i ‘ p Y » * y - ‘ ) #6fer earthed , Ttofw ie Tae , On . Mirateret) a . ae oe ed Hooker Jl. Botany. . Journal Linn Society. Meehans Monthly. Missouri Botanical Garden Report. Nature. Popular small magazine. Park and Cemetery. Not in our Livrary. | | | | Popular Science Monthly. Few articles on Botany. | Science, ponular magazine, some good articles on Botany. | Torrey Bulletin. Torrey Memoirs. rans. Linn. Society. Memtttitert P. Trait des Arbres et Arbrisseaux, 1891. 1500 p.p. on woody flora of Europe, especially of France. From 2 comparative study of ‘hese books together with ovserva- bions and field notes a list has been made of woody plants that are A adapted to our conditions. In these investigations the purpose has been to answer three questions; first, what trees and shrubs should © find; second, what do we find, and third, where did they come To discover what plants should grow here, it is necessary to ‘know what our environments are, and also what is the history of the | |“ ehanges in soil, climate, etc., for such events concern the agents which woula enable these plants to grow. Central Illinois is situ- ated in a glacial region with 2 soil made up of many kinds of materi- . PROTON: (ebtahe & ante beg nn ioe be 4) Viatitl sho. nt Jok ‘an x sro ‘Peis TH JETRO tmaped ; “70 setot doy a iad eg tals Lict toe "tL oppege ry - oS) * sl fii 4 Tiirsaennt rua be) Ss _ be ha ie i } ; r - , AE r. a wit ‘he-ow xe ee uhorne ood ped. Ao Vuln ov ileneaeee DoG? han TP ‘a? rtm “om Bf i > eanl tink eeats-ol ere Tetbhese \ ative tee . Sort? :eaolgadup eosin : ; 1" pe (fh mvome fits Bie ball ow eB: Jere obs : ve - UL, ROY seh otpale ogi wid «tt = te simi tae 7 ans , ce Teg) Aare OF Mopper 102 , Sie) Ff * ra) ‘6 ry eet wl fou tse adh : oF a} a waned ns ea Kee a8 = ~ | | j jals brought here by the ice. In some places the surface is com-. )/posed of gravel or of clay and is only fairly productive, but in general we have a deep layer of very rich and productive humic soil. |Our climate is temperate, though subject to high winds, and to sud- ‘den changes of temperature. The flora of this country was all destroy- ed during the glacial period, by ice coming down from the north, con-. tia we now have a collection of plants that have immigrated | from the south and from the north, making for use a new and varying flora. North America as a whole is very rich in trees and we are lo- cated in the area of greatest development of deciduous trees. There- | 7 fore, we should expect to find, ail plants that grow in rich soil in the temperate zone and that are able to resist sudden changes in cli- mate, high winds and hot sun. While we should expect a great variety of trees and shrubs, the distribution has been checked by several obstacles. A large ver cent of Central Illinois was covered with prairie sod; this sod, once es-— tablished, has been a very formidable barrier to the svread of other plants. Fire driven by strong winds has destroyed forests and given the advantage to the sod. Probably the wind unchecked,as it is in such a flat country, has also acted directly by breaking down our trees. Therefore we do not find as good native woods as we should. However, since the land has been under cultivation the true possibi- lites of our locality have been demonstrated, and we find that a _jlarge variety of plants will do well here when circumstances are fa- vorable. The third question to be considered in our flora, is as to where our plants came from. The land must have been left in a barren con- dition by the retreating glaciers, and open to the first plants that ' ¢ rx b t * a i ¢ fi —j{t he 32230 Reid Paes Rs: iw wefnvod eilnt Te tol ent so tiTeI9gm 1 ect coc¢tevi! tus tapny need pat honk 1 wey wos te mere etal I few a Pity ci irc aaron ak seilbiesk nds ab eon hei thei ovine ea) “2 2 wr it er Oe ig amos AL ro oor # oe Ly. (ionmbow vials? vine BI. ge vate ‘Ao 104 yivJoubore fs fote oatevy To tevalr meet Me atid ov soe ive Qyvots. ,etatag \ foh aiimoo aot we Boz al) fagoe far ri J B Its [ I Io MiOay ir a 2%) 8 even “ont amt < aed ifxam ./ifiomt ecy top> ial ; » » ¢ 4 mh oie vist 70 an Pegi ef 77, Hs em hy ; anmero lav ‘-« iA to fA‘, a 9 ’ ° t worm, 3 niTnAts Lie, oful o} Joeene bi (A Cy faftreet oF aidan is bra enoe eae , * -~ re tor ai tw 7 . : ‘ : a wit %o vielen ineaye bluets ow eee .eefoatedo I[ateves vi PADeT ined Psil ng - Id? Qhor eflttexrqy dviw teiseoo oot eRe we aff O¢ cs9© rite) SfdaAblacroieyiey g need va; ‘TO? bevoutieeh oad, eb iy jaorin- vt oeviern fay & Detoatota Baty eff videdotl bom Sid O25 p ie erst thNastid vd -yLicet ih Besor on ls. 7 se ut 0 tg ® ahoow ar hoy 6A itt ae of al of ; ” Ima besertenomad heed ernyt es, , Pia ad ; ¥ 5 . saxkt ‘et ot ay wert ui ° entered. The water courses toward the south formed good channels of | distribution, so a large number of our plants came from that direction and obtained wide distribution aided as they were by wind, migrating | | birds ,and the various sources of seed transportation. From the north came a number of other plants, but in smaller quantities than from | |} the semi-tropical regions. In addition to this nétural distribution | | the hand of man has played a prominent part. He has imported plants | | from the east and west where migration has been checked by mountain | ranges and oceans. Many of the old world plants have heen successful — | ly grown here, and the Orient, especially Japan and China, is pecoming an important source for new species. In order then to trace the ori- | gin of our flora,w- must consider the work nature has done from the north and the south, and the influence exerted bv man from east and west, Our woody flora may be divided for convenience into trees, in- cluding 411 perennial woody plants that rise from the ground with @ single rigid trunk; and shrubs including “oody perennials, not trees that persist above ground; this latter class will also in- Clude the few woody persistent vines. This clasnification is not scientific, nor is it a rigid one, but it affords popular lines of distinction. The order of families and genera as given in Britton | and Brown's illustrated flora has been followed, and only those plants that have grown well in our locality have been considered as adapted to this region, The trees belong to two distinct classes according to the char- acter of their fruits, the gymnosperms with naked ovules, and the alt mt A _ as ae ern 1 a : 4 - f ae ore 4 nits) or [ P a’ <4 Per aT i i jaase tito % Seimeg ian ne an we | bets rol runt tere shad cern dere ‘ nb ida nua aiie'é ae ¥ we venitl ort \awetees fees iiemune vette nt i ms TATtO to faiuyven elit? of neistrne ry anongen (THe Satie ity a hayanly wart” Be Aes ant ond Gel feipin etsle Joa has in $j rryow | "TO. wri emntend, 2 ba tnaparts te 7 @ef ¢ iV _i S&S went a 7 Soe Hts op num’ *# meet | oo | Th ery f rf « ta en Fi anriaetmavean se bo: rv nef evo. to st Moxt snid sats nine Oy -eboew t Cri eg , amg Re our hur Levet f- a vie re tet bf iy io strat athe qos “in gterey it jolt cttienato efit qdertee SNS totes vboow we ‘¢t Jad so Aiurs «Ol ar co araney lete ee tetgine “to tanto ar’ 7 Ane bee 5.L08 itevad ent AgOLt Bbesertant fe ‘even yt tender’ tuo RE Liaw avons +t ‘4 - ' re ehacnte renth son oat | re team Sienkoatt Pak. iy sf gi - ewe a angiospersms with ovules enclosed in an ovary. The first class con- | |\sists chiefly of evergreen trees; the second chiefly of deciduous | } | | | J |trees and shrubs. | Gymnosperms. | Mostly evergreen trees rien needle-like leaves. The trees of this class prefer in ceneral a granitic debris with a dry subsoil. However, four species are indigenous to this part of our state (Pinus. strobus ,P.Banksiana ,Juniperus Virginiana, and Thuja occidentalis), and a number of others do well here. Family Pinaceae Conifers. PINUS.- Pine. Mostly large trees common in cultivation. P.strobus L. White Pine. Wiid in northern part of the state where it forms a very large tree; here, forms quite large handsome specimeiis in cultivation. P. resinosa, Ait. Norway Pine, Red Pine. Thrives in our soil, forms medium sized tree, with crooked branches, and reddish yellow P. Austriaca Hoss. Austrian Pine, Black Pine, cultivated from Europe. Very variable-Sometimes. makes a very handsome specimen if alloved to branch near the ground. P. Sylvestris L. Seotch Pine. Cultivated from Europe, common» he Howe arte £ ftom ut nee »& bt LE ol a ifee 0 be ,eocountd’ fedoos cae eon ante 9 i _ os “ ae | avicvo 2 AP Basa rie sotwas ltr Dow eet jasert cogmve Ae 7 & 7 ‘MePoen wliw aests teers p£@loise os trerene ative Oo) Bois 11 tn eo - : i T + 4 j ct v, a 2) ' ‘ ti . i fins Serine pec “4#i Vite, cri ae Ty 3) =o). wen or , “ngs i “fav 2 . WO ite v Et Biro -ectT Dea). nicht Qawtem eis = - 3 g Pinus Austriaca Austrian or Black Pine Pinus strobus, White Pine, Arr pays earn € 1 foam «ao caresye | 10 \forms large tree. P. divaricata (Ait) Serub Pine. Along streams.. LARIX. Larch. Deciduous, but leaves out very early. L. Americana Micnx. American Larch. a Wild in northern Illinois, sometimes cultivated. Forms a large pyramidal tree with drooping branchlets. L. Europaea -bC. European Larch. Cultivated from Europe; larger and more delicate and drooping than above, more used in culti-| vation. PICEA. Spruce. P. @&xcelsa Link. WNorway Spruce. Common in cultivation; forms a large tree with tall spire and stout horizontal branches with drooping branchlets. P. Mariana (Mill). Black Spruce. Much like tne last though not so tall, native farther north. Common in cultivation. P. Pingeus Englm. Colorado Blue Spruce. Occasionally iam from Rocky Mountains, PSEUDOTSUGA. Be Vaxifolia,( .tam.:) Douglas Spruce. A very large grow- found here,ovut the young trees prove hardy. — “oon fii ¢est ewese? son set Tee? eee > ony ae bi ee oie aes. ree’ (Rin) aire - * ‘ : » ’ vay Soe eRe slr ROKE ‘ \ 2 a 7 Ot, Tilimirens . edt age Haas VE! La - 2a PON Peet 1 © Rea eee. oc Satter eaiqoeerh cite eo ear (<2 Aes c ‘ ret PAL r «~ .aeere 4 a i By =) = s+ eit tn tee a. bin? Efi) gets - - uiulficogetd Sn s . ro <1] potmes.. -etrou cxf eee + "hat 4 P 2 . - otet erie chetedoS “. Sie ae | | TSUGA, some tree if allowed to branch near the ground. C'ultivated. ABIES, Fir Trees. Not so rugged and striking as the spruces. A. Balsame2a L. Baisam Fir. Oftem cultivated; forms 2 medi- um sized pyramidal tree. TAXODIUM. P. Gisticlum (1), Bald Cypress. A large growing irregular- shaped tree, common in southern part of the state. Cultivated here, forms while young, tall, conical, regular shaped tree. Leaves pinnat delicate, deciduous. THUSA, - T. @cscidentals L. Arborvitae. Smail tree or shrub, wild .T. Canadensis L. Hemlock. Forms a very graceful and hand- e, and cultivated, common. JUNIPERUS. Two of the four North American species gro here, es- = pecially in cemeteries in cultivation. J. Communis L. Common Juniper. Prefers a thin soil, is mteble to rot in our rich loam. A variety, Hibernica, forming a Slender conical ee enias small tree, is a favorite in cultivation. J. Virginiana L. Red Cedar. Cuitivated and in woods, forms larger tree than. above species. i: ah 7 => “5 lis (nee ‘ VYRay J rca ie tne ack Rieocksnss) ssiewit Gro J bnvoty Gaon toni a ewes ‘ ; i) Cos * +ei4 ors inst = we F A . as : i é bd « Sey - 4, : tars ; £ TT - ‘ oo fas : a . - ~ RS Iv (ccd : a © steers ra ag ey <8 ais 1 ont ells | .megis 1 ttre ez te.) Bs Caan ms - Tee ity rheeorast st 2 Lior pa | < Sad FL neal Berke cia at to setae Le tue : aie : “ one tie - cows fe Ta hap: p Hhoe w wl beet Dede ele id «that foe re GINKGO. A very old genus with only one species living. G. Biloba L. (Salisburia adiantifolia). Waiden Hair “free. Often cultivated, forms a large tree of fine shape, seems per- fectly hardy. Angiosperms. We find most of our trees and shrubs belong to the class of An- giospermus. 2) eee here, though separated by large areas of | Prairie land, contain a great variety of plants. The varieties foun however, Yary greatly, for even adjoining localities, que in part to the newness of the flora and the unequal distribution that has occur- red since the Glacial Period, but it is found by experiment that the plants that grow anywnere in this region, will groyv almost everywhere |} here, when transplanted. The flora of this geographical area is es- pecially marked by the hign development of its deciduous trees, ther = foeee vie List of them is found to be large. MONOCOTYLEDONS. No trees except in tropics. DICOTLEDONS. Stem formed of pith, wood and bark increasing in size by annual layers. Juglandaceae. Walnut Family. JUGLANS. A genus of large handsome trees with spreading branch- poaey ae ay ok t (Mabeede oab ti in wOBD * Conk ion ka (skit fe a Be poagrife eurt? Lo O@%? enyce ! ww i: ee = ie x mire fad l ents De Pr" iod 7, 4 iv a! ri P hi d ta o fury ti pl ; ‘¥ Aa 2ittet a2 io ce ionle sot te paver tes g nyu iergeey | wee Wiles ot Ri AKOL tate iaiqu aren ombiosh az? i Shea {ove a ob Oeig SOR yeh ml od Die bhai 4 dnd volvo t? mh &fensr ents oF | eahga 4 A > ref “ag pet Re pens pai oper! ae £ hears Sa reget i3 es, very ornamental when full grown; objectionable only on account of strong aroma from their leaves. J. nigra L. Black Walnut. Native here, fond of rich soil. ew. Ginera L. Butternut. Like the above, native here. Not so good as nigra for ornamental pianting as it is coarse, and has fever pranchlets. ‘ eboldiana Maxirm apanese Walnut. ne: n to large-size Jd. -Sieboldi » vgapanese Walnut A medium to large-siz Pa ed tree cultivated from Japan. Hardy at Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. HICGORTIA. Raf. Hickory PHeeRS | Called py Gray Carya. We are hear the center of distribution. Four species-grow wild in this county and three others have been reported from this region. H. Pecan (Marsh). Pecan nut. A large slender tree, occurring in woods in some parts of the state. H.minime (iWarsh). Bitternut. A medium to large slender tree; common in woods. H. ovate (iill) Shagbark. Also common, forms large tree with very rough vark. H. laciniosa (Michx). King nut. Larve, handsome tree, abun- dant in woods. H. alba (L) Mockernut. White Heart Hickory, common in woods. H. microcarp2 (Nutt) Small fruited hickory, reported from Macon county Ili,, (G1) H.glabra (Mill).Pignut. Reported from Peoria. (Bl). - get ’ "4 = * Pay re é § pac | 4 Laas ¢ j i g 7 , 1 _. y ——- 7 ; r af - .ratonte ae TAI ew ™ + : 4 $ ‘ teh! it " ‘i ? ; ; : my 9 ‘LO, #2259 omDR roe ’ ta ‘ ~ i) : : a ’ s . ‘ me . e, * « ' 9 ) : = - a ’ Oi + ‘i raf > es ia rn oa ‘ an - ot Se * bad ‘ erie ~ é >. (gee ~ a Signs to Jeenly i os iggy. * - : > omin{ (m7 aot . somuop \ . ‘ 1 4n0b TH -2f0Le IIENAGH > wa haw coe (ost) sab form ’ — ; ¢ ae Ut ‘ 7) vel 9 nivel Vie j ‘ , COMES ; Ta } ,jSiopges Oy is tos thyts teh Lom oanl ; wniseen Shar ski av , Par als i | pet} > rahi OE crea ol fee 18 U. Montane, grafted on other stock forms handsome, pendulous, lshrubby tree. Cc. occidentalis L. Hackberry. Common in woods and in 4 cultivation; forms a handsome first-class tree. Moraceae. MORUS. M. ruorea L. Red Mulberry. A medium-sized, native tree, joften cultivated. | | M. alba L. White Mulberry. An Old World tree, cultivated here for fruit. Var.tartarica. Loudon. Russian Mulverry. Also culti- vated rer fruit. T. pomiferum. Raf. Osage Orange. 'A medium-sized tree, h used in the form of sheared nedges. Not good for ornamental Magnoliaceae. Trees or snruos coming from the semi-tropical regions, that stil ee, |retain some tropical characters,especially in their large glossy |. i ae ! ] 3 i : ar me I p | 7 sal ae ¢ kia . oe 1 4 BORNEO leree douse bee ih Z ‘ : nob ch apeto eam, eto te Bed J \ aN ator mk veim> spetedilesty iu’ Wak Reegiee ono’? goatee hl Saogbrrad’ 3° Greig , J a, |-44 my bet, A .Syrn rd gieeo | Len Ga | | " ‘ok cesgteg fscrace he’ erode ee : * » , " , (acocoe) fab oh beod Sel) oe? pq eeoel = [ i met —(—_— + ee ee 19 MAGNOLIA. -No species are indigenous, but several prove nardy. M. accuminata L. Cucumber Tree. A medium-sized tree, cul- tivated here, grows as far north as Michigan. M. macrophylia Michx. Large-leaved Magnolia. A small tree lwith very large leaves. Reported from Princeton, Ill. (Bryant). | M. Soulangeansa Japanese Magnolia. Forms a handsome large |shrub with big light colored flowers. Cultivated. LIRIODENDRON. A genus of only one or two species, native of | jworth America and China. Very old in geologic history. Tulip-tree. A magnificent, first-class tree, state, does well in cultivation. Anonaceae. ASIMINA. A. triloba lL. Papaw. A small tree, more often a shrub, common in woods. SASSAFRAS. | 5S. Sassafras (L), Sassafras Tree. A medium-sized tree, with handsome foliage; common in woods. | | | BENZOTN. -§See Snruds. | ovata In oven ga ; auoneyiar ois’ ae i ‘In-tustbes A. .oweliggmeng oF oe ; " ak ABQ AOR am Noted tot sae ae 3 iat ' < / = » ie fe A 4 otiongeh beveolaapial .xHgdil Dae e st ya if. | mayae) .if) ,.nieonls? meg pesgoger ny eomelaer s ato ni inp eretaent Sieger a5 ‘ Levsvistivue .@ferelt becoloe distil = oO evissit: ,se®inoete one Oo OO fio TO sity A -Yiolers cingioes @i lic wo Laqins {3 asic-feTrltt ;toecolt ing A ore in. -inisayisisip t i {ice heck avr bi Ps . OSA ORD veel : 5 ; See mz int hae s POF Grd S aay eo - . < és “7s 4. ; ee 2 fA sar t02To hevarkl _rotunt PLA} a} (ott deere -t=p-tinos «ite Ling A cL en er (it) ePtereteg -sTero lr) ?anggeg ov my [ Apel ree ioe Jon ,;avoda @gHit (hoot } a facade 08s ee nm ay Mey oh eee soOTe SY OTD, ees. (eokine? theses suit} mPPat ot esoian. Prein® Srv ‘wine ,.Trrad-68m (> Bincebeeee 12 el .s#ot!) Lagise-co (Bon we tvedal ae = ; ot :abogw aa net =We goer). Tin — sth si se — a2" Dorse a LLY Loma eR cae SsugY KOS 4 (res os rh - ce GS 22 @. coccinea L. Red Haw. Bears large red,edible fruit. Sat macrocantha Todd. Found in St. Joe, Ill. (G.P.c.) Seemoriis (T. and G.) palate like C. coccinea. C. tomentosa L. Pear Haw. More ®licate leaves and nranches than the others; more ornamental. Drupaceae. Plim Family. — j PRUNUS. ‘ P. Americana Marsh. Wild Yellow or Red Plum. A smail = of little value in ornamental planting. P. angustifolia Michx. Reported from Menard Co. (Hall). P. cerasus L. Sour Cherry. Common in cultivation. | Pe Pennsylvanica L. Wild Red Cherry. Reported from Ee eseod Ill. (Vasey), also from Ogle County. (T.J.B.). Pe Fees ana L. Choke Cherry. A small tree common in woods: P. serotina Ehrh. Wild Black Cherry. A large tree in our P. Japonica Thund. Common Flowering Almond. A common Baru in cultivation. AMYGDALUS. A. Persica LL. Peach. Common in cultivation, often escapes a Jinto border of ‘vocks. | a ned i wat 1,40 eto, oot) i nana beau | .os tooo 22 MME deme (0 Bieoprae . a a ii oS eottel otee bpiaadod rat. a . Le scaeierte ere? x ~ Tia oii .enecsaerd — a Tia. arta, eo -. GHRRSSO “ 4 : ys: (H] A Trted? San Bits «© Belme viene - » ~ ‘ s hata Ti Verio. Igc ppeys") a, Pe hae 4 ut neers ‘Tican A eee exodd — neiiinelyia " rf), ASRS SORE DSI ores SiO, s re \ J hina A pobtpwo0l Abe. .dgu® | cekiereee - Sours n= 120 , tot dayio fire Tat Caesalpinaceae. a CERCIS. C. Canadensis L. Red Bud. Sm2ili tree common in woods, idoes well in cuitivation; prominent for pnea-like flowers in May. GLEDITSIA, G. triacanthos L. Honey Locust. A large tree often cover- ed with thorns, occasionally found-in woods and in cultivation. GYMNOCLADUS mearotcea iL. Kentucky Coffee Tree. Cultivated, and in moods; forms a large ornamental tree with rugged, clublike, crooked branches, and large fruit pods that often hang all winter. Papilionaceae. Pea Family. | ROBINIA. R. Pseudacacia L. Locust-tree. A large tree common in cultivation; a poor specimen tree, as it is badly broken by winds, cea is always shedding, and it is apt to spread badly from the root. eee = hy 7 i » ) MIB: oid owl Ori geen cig : Ivo poe a7 ; Li oilaser ‘ay Prati 7 7] “20: ‘ eT ‘3 Pe tosis fa inin- temo doiweeanc! Ts ieee ei72l ae . cwiertd eth ed 6 Poe _werrs comkDoqe . Low A ; hare stanohal TOYOLlT, GALLS 0) Piaitimonre. coo sae wee -wetole fis pand anéte gand ow Sieety sazat £t sa i’ witout @6%. : enesenotiters 5 oot OR BN A .qtivey=semeod | sf eo a 1d 2OT2 glbs dusersign 2 of ian at st bie, a : i a iP ae a aD, A eeger @- Rutaseae. Rue Samily. a — - P. trifoliata L. Three leaved Hop-tree. A shrub or small © e in woods. or a S) . Simarubaceae Be dt. glandulosus Desf. Tree of Heaven. A large rather growing tree; in cultivation and escaped. Anacardiaceae. Sumac Family. See Shrubs. Celastraceae. See Shrubs. Aceraceae. ’ arin L. Soft ilaple. A large ornamental tree; 4 hy a - i A .ttna el aetes TL me: . > - : Y- -legeran Dik dolagRidic: 9D Sees eee nb 5 BOF tts laws* enmis Benen tiadeeaA , ‘ ; a us 7 ® Pi] ‘® Lee ,] = ‘isis EAE Ge ae ane o- 7 S > A As : 5 ‘ies - a, Acer platanoides Norway Maple, Acer saccherinum Wierii Wiers Cutleaf Maple, Acer Negundo. - Box Fider '# .oL,08 ntliasnioose. TepR Bea nebrone talg ."loayv yaork mo ewer 25 /conmion in woois and in cultivation. A. sacshamun Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple. A handsome, dit 4 slow | growing tree, very formal and dense; common in woods and in cultiva- tree; not very ornamental, but much used.-: medium size; in cultivation. A. Negundo L. Box Elder. A hardy, rapid growing medium sized | | | A. platanoides L. Norvay Maple. A formal very dense tree of A- campestre L. European Maple. A low trees in cultivation. Hippocastanaceae. Buckeye Family. AESCULUS. AE. Hippocastanum L. Horse-chestnut. 7 # Aj me J ,. ADU ~ a 0 oe ‘ = bs - A U » FL wo ag A _% “ ‘ a - - $e it et TH. ae a ‘ 7h ’ “i , % 4 pw ap 3 Tens - .eatet eaveet fod) eee > Tin! =, eet Oba saved cee eee » = ORs ) ears os¥ne f bade 1 AS atin - part n9 WV Ld rt: Cae ‘* “ave < 4.cele x 4 : i : f - oT) Ui batav aia a7 hn ege BAthaoos: ‘mg | ’ ra 5,4, ; at : Pier etr ue a, EEE = 7 28 Caprifoliaceae. See Shrubs. Jf ee SHRUBS, INCLUDING WOODY VINES, Although there is no definite line separating shrubs from trees, | we find they constitute quite an extensive and distinct group in then- | selves. The thickets and woods contain a number of native species, | While many others are found here that have been introduced through cultivation. Owing to the limited amount of ornamental vilanting within reach for investigation the list is not complete. It is some— what inexact too, owing to the fact that many species have been report— ed from only one or two specimens, and might not prove satisfactory moreeeneral use. As a whole, however, the list is fairly representa— tive of the shrubs that do thrive in this locality, and all the com mon species are included. Gymnosperns. THUJA. See Shrubs, | | JUNIPERUS. see Trees, also J, Sabina lL. Shrubby Red Cedar, A low or trailing shrub; often cultivated, especially on rockeries. Angiosperms. Monocotyledons, Liliaceae, No true shrub in this locality, though Yucca filamentosa L. is 4 apa COR <8 9 paki te eas wee Fe minal. Y ‘ . eure NU568 eT OR » EMVAE a se qi At Cl acdeped outs ou) atte ottonaahel + t da, | oviatiexe ae ative tat EAage pa. cel r i ahednoeos @eb6s08 fi o2e- elds] | Peec nm ee. #§ea8 rear l &“@s6 Pas t ry 'TOeh (fy * , oF or 1 piel irarine vith a9 ‘ Hay 2 b ' J ‘ * < 7 pracy J , per A fi ar I f , ‘ Pe : H se it &% [ f ir ehulane + 7" , one 1 pai? 5 rT} rh . Lhe bei Vieerd , | AR Eee ? ce | = 20 “Ile ‘Ses ~besavi tio a . wncretyet Lage | a a e ‘ jules ern 4 .. rer” a if .spo (rtemal baer > HR ie ~~ @ M7 - a ed , sometimes classed as one. Smilaceae. SMIGLAX., Climbing, usually prickly vines. Oniv one perennial species common here, S. hispida Muhl. Greenbrier. A high climbing vine in ;woods. Not of any value for cultivation. Dicotyledons. Like the trees that occur here the shrubs are chiefly of highlv complex structure, and belong to the class of dicotyledons., | Betulaceae, | | CORYLUS. C. Americana Walt. Hazelnut. A small to mediumn-— sized shrub; in thickets and Sometimes cultivated, C. rostrata Ait. Reaked Hazelnut, Very similar to above Species, Co Avetiana ,:. Kuronean Hazelnut. Filbert. - J «eh Qa (ott ’..4d STAC : std). °28 moc belqe to Dee wrens! tompel 4 fez tnvt tLe nt roviey cite gd joes i GEE nee, a all raoutetdat aarcita or a ng. tinker nea a , Sims nance sere ‘ ~ iad new ut averted. ain toner Fito) weet af Lots bp , ures ahena® iste ; re = ii tia kee, (te Tyee ele aati Reh ae il ; i ty 7 a me oil! aor, s Pye : is Be {p< 0d o > j r - = eS jaa ” 7 — a $l Calveanthaceae. RUTNERTA- B,. Florida i. Flowering Shrub. A medium-sized to large shrub; common in cultivation; introduced from farther north, | Lauraceae, BENZOIN. A group of shrubs of North America and Eastern Asia, BR. Benzoin L. Spice Bush. A large shrub; common in fields and woods, Saxifragaceae. | DEWULIZTA, DN. gracilis Sieb. &. Zucc. A small shrub from Japan; does not stand winter well. D. scabra Thunb, A tall shrub from China and Japan, also aquite tender. HYDRANGEA, A genus of about thirty-five gnecies in North America Bastern Asia and the Himalayas. One species native here, others in cultivation, H. arboresecens IL. Wild Hydrangea. Occurs here as a medium sized shrub along banks of streams. H, paniculata Sieb. Common Out-door or Hardy Hydrangea, A medium-sized broad spreading shrub. Much used in planting, espécial- ly variety Grandiflora. Cultivated from Japan, a Lak “Xia ‘ . bo] ; ae te ios -« ’ , f ery f A . - ' reas? a) AE “tie Dinem A o) Taam ” | | Py ie oat (tow crite ona Ste Noe ort inh he J 7 a ri i. 4 aT arent OM 20 MRR goeme sd, an C4 a5 . Mtsrop mort Beaders foun « lecomremeney ; Oe OF et wrrecteneotl . ite A CR AOF / ’ . (ih DIA abo tf 1) ATonde -LAte vag fi ¢ E : Nal . } JAGeOIV he ; "4 _ : 3¥ u Ot main .Sae] alLioayTs a : : A *? ieowig) Het geierw.: © reno.) (ial cal et iry oy h . oe) feieove tu “(ea ‘ei, csbetacee fie befavidiae ‘aniqge VATA aD enc ned fecal ea ane 6 ciedin A ee.) ; |b) | fie a wee LTA ATL Hey ,aboow mont betrogn7T Bes " as z ws he ake oe J ae, _ .viinel 668) saepepodr 7 iH ; : é : 2 | -& meee 7 ; {i “ ey: | \ oT wat ay La iT, 1 EPLETS A , Mont Pa 7 L-« = SPIRANA, mm oaLleifolia tL. American Meadowsweet. A low to medium-— sized shrub; common in cultivation. S. Japonica I. A Gert (igmectaay tot fees Titne 1) svesoCi.e2fde tain ULE baer: ae a atecda{re .~@ ONL! Ab ie M ‘ a ‘Sy ewer’ : f réinahho 7 | 2m > SO: Feveyizg ” atl Asi giniw une wv. 7 slit so) tedavrit um i be =: TR tac ie) eT i, a bth intemee on shyt " pide bt tun ; aw Vrietdxtor(4 Ane gi voli noeott ts - ~ Totter ini anived 4S tering |, ein Qi eee tel lavittee a: weedle (the eelgegi ssh uy . af iinet) So vetstelt tet peeks Pee os RLoow rh momma aoe wohpel wikhas ? boy ; he t r — * , aot “SPER a9 ae . {etal JANUS et Pe eater e . Sip eave i il veined + i: he moan” a ts ha = 4 iva 7 a _ rd wu . P —- > a, ek, —EEEE a = : <4 / | | 34 | R. spinosissima L. Scotch Rose. A species cultivated from i Kurope,. | | | Several other exotic species are hardy here, and are cultivated, K@RRIA,. K. Japonica DC. Japanese Rose. A small shrub with bright yellow flowers and bright green leaves; cultivated fron Japan. Pomaceae, CRATARGUS See Trees, Drupaceae, PRUNUS. See Trees, Papilionaceae. Pea Family. AVORPHA. A. fruticosa 11, False Indigo. A large shrub native in cur woods. A. canescens Pursh. Lead Plant. A small prairie shrub Or herb, native here, KRAUNHIA. Wisteria, a group of four species, three Asiatic, one American, | K. frutescens (1,)- American Wisteria. A large rapid growing vine that reaches thirty or forty feet in length; common in cultiva- tion, especially uvon viazzas. | ’ wy LA tak ents irute + betavit [yo anger A mA ealoeqs sO? 19 QuoTg 8 Peay fwoty biqnt ate E " a, whindeant noted a mie Lepon dn doch obs emia . ster ‘bist ee eotoegr- 6fiare sande eromegnt OU setaoat SentRs faRla Don [fom A | Saal ‘ney ed | .AnerT &ec eaert im FJ : , a2 ‘ “workiqat Og tiat epi’ ad gseont seized . . hear? Bead °.eia emepesien. A waod pata 7 Shoe te iw Nl Anacardiaceae. Sumac Family. RHUS. . : . - : a | ‘ : -tee A . deeroried oie an cehne go, Ree ee . ‘ au eae é Staphyleaceae. STAPHYLEA. S. trifoliata 0. American Rladder nut. A large shrub; in| woods; not very ornamental. Hivpocastanaceae. AESCULUS See Trees. Rhamnaceae., RHAMNUS. R. Cathartica l. Buckthorn. A large shrub, often thorny; occasionally grown in cultivation, R. lanceolata Pursh, Lance—-leaved Buckthorn. Reported from Englewood, Illinois. Common in southern Illinois. R. alnifolia. Reported from Elgin, Illinois. CEANOTHUS. C. Americana 1;. New Jersey Tea. Red-root. A small shrub, a Common on vrairie land, Vitaceae. Grape Family. A family of very wide distribution. VITIS. Grape Vine. Many svecies and varieties cultivated for fruit, the following ones in woods. om th mm). ae | | | - me a. retinicay orp castes Sah yas ME CARD ea . Lhabrusea i. Sweet—scented Grave, aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape. Vv V V. cinera hngelm. Downy Grape, Vv ~eorartolia Michx. Frost Grape or Chicken Grave, AMPELOPSIS, A, cordata Michx, Cissus. Reported from Grafton, Illinois. ( Seymour} PARTHENOCISSUS. Beeecanauerolia kL. Virginia Creeper. A high climbing vine; in woods and often cultivated. P. tricuspidata (Sieb & gucc). Japanese Ivv. A high climbing vine from Japan; much cultivated, espvecially on buildings. Thymeliaceae. DAPHNE, D. mezereum LL. Spruge Laurel. A small shrub; has been tried here; should do well. DIRCA. D,. palustris Uh. MULeather-wood. A small to medium-sized shrub; in thickets, Cornaceae. CORNUS. See Trees. OS) i EFricsaceae. RHODODENDRON. R. maxim L. A lame shrub or small tree; one specimen found in wmitivation, but not in good condition. Oleaceae. SYRINGA. See Trees. FORCYTHIA. F. viridissima Lindl. A smeii vigorous, drooping, ornamen Bee enrap With yellow flowers preceding the leaves, cultivated from China and Japan. CHIONANTHUS. See Trees. LIGUSTRUIL. L. Vulgare L. Privet. A shrub often used for hedges, does well here. Bignomiaceae. TECOMA. T. radicans (1) Trumpet-creeper. A high, climbing, woody ~ Vine; common in cultivation, and escaped. Rutaceae. CEPHALANTHUS. C. occidentalis L. Button-bush. A snrub; common in low places. “iO ,{O0T? Tinia So Mie omer Aloe r \ -mohi §B Kk Cate wig =! oorartd i \, oehiine (far ey it 1 ." s0@ Feo: al von tink "Host fiat > ‘ a : was ; ; “ be = - 10O08KG he ok 7 = -coozt seh ay — 7 Om ts y sherrgrs ivr rie bl a¢ be fare rt c unengtsm ; 39 Caprifollaceae. SAMBUCUS. L. Canadensis L. American Elder. Common Elder. A heat with stems woody only near tm base; common in woods; good for mixed shrubbery. VIBURNUL Ve vupuius J. sheep Berry. Sweet Viburunum. soqisoltere@ers ed , badsplé lus een teoepe abet ae , : i | : ing lo) og Bedeplo 7 few yaticwin setts go eee ae . ary a : at 79) 7 >» f- r a2 wyye (alto tee 6 LAS get ae iy obs | ra 7 f : Py . betaviitoe tegen 4 : : es { - a ; ‘s a » } 3 bo 40 L. dioica L. Smooth-leaved Honeysuckle. A shrubby or twining vine, common farther north. Small Yellow Honeysuckle. Bi L.. Sullivantii sempervirens Gray. A shrubby vine; cultivated. L. Trumpet Honeysuckle. vine; common in cultivation. A high climbing L. Japonie2 Tmmo. Japanese Honeysuckle. ii-ed (fom eastern Asia; in cultivation. (T.J.B. ) L. Cilata Muhi. American Fly Honeysuckle. fe cultivation. (T.d.B. ) , A . A vine naturac A small shrub; L. Tarterica L. Bush Honeysuckle. A large shrub; conmon ‘in cultivation. DIERVILLA it): florida Sieb & Zuce. Weigelia. Bush Honeysuckle. A small to fotian-sized shrub; common in cultivation. From China and Japen. oS Se 9) Note AUTHORETLES CITED. Bl = Frederick Brendel, Peoria, Ill. Bryant, Princeton, Ill. s ¢@s Burrill, University of-Illinois. inton, University of Illinois. fete — HW. A. Gleason, University of Illinois. Hati — Mr. Hall. A‘former botanist of Illinois. seymour — A. B. Seymour, formerly in University of Illinois. Vasey - Dodtor George Vasey. A former botanist of Illinois. Ses ee Oe = Ge C De ee j Him, erican Arn © uy fe) = © © > 2) G ho al iat ohh ou pe er eee tj fi el ta | Sy Z 7 Z : ON Oy SOROS : cS a ; — 3 a = = =, he. = # = =) / ii \ // Hes WARS | <— SZ AOA AK | { Mi \ \y s he . = — 4 NV lf ZS Fy = “9 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-UR TT 12 ae 94736