OCCASIONAL PAPERS THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY NUMBER 55 13 OCTOBER 1978 NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF BATS FROM EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, AND NICARAGUA Ira F. Greenbaum and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Over the past several years, field parties from The Museum and Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, have col¬ lected mammals, principally bats, at a number of localities in Cen¬ tral America. Some specimens thus obtained already have been re¬ corded in the published literature, but many have not. Those re¬ ported here from the republics of El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua help to clarify the distributional patterns of 10 kinds of bats in this region of Middle America. It is of note that the two taxa listed as new to the fauna of Nicaragua bring to a total of 79 the chiropteran species presently known from that country. Additional¬ ly, one species is reported as new to El Salvador and one as new to Honduras. Also, the karyotype of Centronycteris maximiliani is presented for the first time. We are grateful to many colleagues who participated in the field studies (in the years 1971, 1972, 1975, and 1977) in which most of the material recorded here was collected, under the aegis of grants DEB 76-20580, GN 29132X, and GN 29132X1 from the National Science Foundation. All listed measurements are in millimeters. Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber, 1774). — Although this small sae-winged species is known as far north in Middle America as Chiapas (Carter et al, 1966), we are unaware of any published records from Honduras. A male (TTU 28526) was netted under large mango trees 10 mi. SSW Nacaome on 22 May 1975. 2 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Centronycteris maximiliani centralis Thomas, 1912. — A female (TTU 30670) netted in virgin rain forest 9 1/2 mi. NW Rama, Zelaya, provides the second record of C. m. centralis from Nicaragua. Baker and Jones (1975) previously recorded an individual from 9 mi. E Rama. Our specimen, taken on 26 May 1977, was pregnant with a single fetus. To our knowledge, the karyotype of C. maximiliani (Fig. 1), which has a diploid number of 28, has not been reported previously. Tonatia bidens bidens (Spix, 1823).— A male and female of this species (TTU 13108-09), taken on 16 August 1971 at a place 6.9 mi. E San Juan del Sur, Rivas, provide the first records of this bat from Nicaragua. The two were netted over a stream bordered by narrow gallery forest. External measurements of the two specimens (those of the male listed first) are: total length, 97, 119; length of tail, 18, 20; length of hind foot, 15, 17; length of ear, 31, 32; length of forearm, 57.3, 60.1. Selected cranial measurements of the male are: greatest length of skull, 28.9; zygomatic breadth, 14.5; mastoid breadth, 13.2; postorbital constriction, 5.7; length of maxillary toothrow, 10.1. The karyotypes of these specimens are identical to those described for T. bidens by Baker and Hsu (1970). Tonatia minuta Goodwin, 1942. — This small species of Tonatia has been recorded in Central America from Honduras (LaVal, 1969; Valdez and LaVal, 1971), Nicaragua (Goodwin, 1942a; Davis and Carter, 1962; Valdez and LaVal, op. cit.; Jones et al, 1971), Costa Rica (Gardner et al, 1970; LaVal and Fitch, 1977), and Panama (Davis et al, 1964; Handley, 1966). As noted by LaVal (1969), and Valdez and LaVal (1971), previously reported Honduranian speci¬ mens are measurably larger than those from the type locality of minuta (Boca Curaray, Peru) as reported by Goodwin (1942a). Adults from western and central Nicaragua that we have examined average as large as do individuals from Honduras; those from Costa Rica and Panama (on the basis of published measurements) appear to be somewhat intermediate in size between populations to the north and specimens from the type locality in Peru. We have at hand 15 unreported specimens from Honduras, four from 10.3 mi. (by road) SSW Dulce Nombre de Culmi, Olancho (TTU 13145-48), and 11 from a nearby locality 6 mi. SE Catacamas, also in Olancho (TTU 28001-11), as well as four from Nicaragua, two from 5 mi. N and 1 mi. W San Juan del Sur, Rivas (TTU 13149, 16830), and two from 6.9 mi. E San Juan del Sur (TTU 13150-51). GREENBAUM AND JONES - NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF BATS 3 !{3 8ft U HK R8 U HI .nil on 00 Fig. 1. — Karyotype of Centronycteris maximiliani centralis (TTU 30670, ?)• This material confirms the relatively large size of T. minuta from the northern part of the known range in Central America. Averages of selected measurements (ranges in parentheses) of 13 adults (six males, seven females) from Honduras, followed by those for five (two males, three females) from Nicaragua, including the two specimens listed by Jones et at , 1971, are as follows: length of forearm, 35.9 (34.6-36.6), 35.1 (34.5-35.7); greatest length of skull, 19.7 (18.9-20.6), 20.0 (19.5-20.5); zygomatic breadth, 9.3 (8.7-9.6), 9.5 (9.3-9.7); mas¬ toid breadth, 9.0 (8.5-9.4), 9.1 (9.0-9.2, three specimens only); breadth of braincase, 8.0 (7.8-8.3), 8.2 (8.0-8.5); length of maxillary toothrow, 6.9 (6.6-7.1), 6.9 (6.7-7.1). Corresponding measurements (Goodwin, 1942a) for the male holotype and two females of minuta are: 34.0, -; 18.7, 18.6, 19.0; 9.0, 8.8, 9.0; 8.9, 8.7, 9.0; 7.7, 7.5, 8.2; 6.9, 6.7, 6 . 6 . We here employ the specific name minuta, in preference to nicara- guae , for this species following Koopman (1976). The latter name has page priority in Goodwin’s (1942a) treatment of the genus Tonatia. Although it has been recognized for a decade or more that minuta and nicaraguae are conspecific (and minuta since has been em¬ ployed for the species by most workers), Koopman, acting as a first revisor, is the only author who provided an explanation for selecting minuta as the name to be used. According to him, the holotype of nicaraguae “is immature, has a broken and somewhat decalcified skull, and is the only specimen from its locality.” On the other hand, 4 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY the holotype of minuta “is adult, has a skull in good condition, and is one of a series of six from the same locality.” Unfortunately, the cogent aspects of these data were not mentioned in Goodwin’s origi¬ nal description nor in his (1953) list of type specimens in the Ameri¬ can Museum of Natural History. It is possible that additional material from throughout the range of minuta will suggest that populations from at least the northern part of the distribution of the species in Central America warrant sub¬ specific designation owing to their large size as compared with mea¬ surements currently available for the holotype and two females from the type locality of minuta in Peru. Should this prove to be the case, the name nicaraguae is available for, and likely would be ap¬ plicable to, such populations. There is, however, also to be reconciled the relationship of minuta to bats referred to by that name from Trinidad, which are larger even than those from Middle America, and the relationships of all to the earlier-named Tonatia brasiliensis (Peters, 1866) and T. venezuelae (Robinson and Lyon, 1901). Gard¬ ner (1976) and, following him, Koopman (1978) have suggested that the three species are conspecific, and both listed Peruvian speci¬ mens. Additionally, Gardner recorded measurements for two in¬ dividuals from Peru that are as large as, or larger than, the speci¬ mens reported above from Middle America. Mimon crenulatum keenani Handley, 1960. — Three specimens (TTU 30442-44) of this distinctive species from 3 km. NW Rama, Zelaya, establish the first record of occurrence for this bat from Nica¬ ragua. All are females (nonpregnant but two with enlarged mammae) and were trapped in nets set along a logging road in rain forest on 25 May 1977. The chromosomal polymorphism described for this species (Baker et al., 1972) was not evident in our specimens in that the subtelocentric and acrocentric morphs of the fifth pair of chromosomes were absent. Chiroderma villosum jesupi J. A. Allen, 1900. — A female (TTU 30542) from 9 1/2 mi. NW Rama, Zelaya, represents the first speci¬ men from the Caribbean versant of Nicaragua (see Jones et al., 1971, for previous Nicaraguan records). This specimen, pregnant with a single fetus, was taken on 26 May 1977 along with the Centronycteris maximiliani mentioned above. Ectophylla alba H. Allen, 1892. — This small, whitish bat is known to occur only in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, GREENBAUM AND JONES — NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF BATS 5 and western Panama. A male (TTU 30545) from 4 1/2 km. NW Rama, Zelaya, which was taken in a mist net near a residence along the Rio Mico, helps to clarify the distribution in Nicaragua. The karyotype of this specimen is identical to one reported previously (Greenbaum et al, 1975) for a male from Costa Rica. Diaemus youngii (Jentink, 1893). — This vampire is known from scattered localities from Tamaulipas, Mexico, southward into South America. A female (TTU 27591) from 3 mi. NW La Herradura, La Paz, El Salvador, represents the first reported occurrence from that country, and a male (TTU 30667) from 3/4 mi. N Masachapa, Mana¬ gua, and female (TTU 30668) from 3 km. NW Rama, Zelaya, are the second and third specimens to be recorded from Nicaragua (see Baker and Jones, 1975). The Salvadorian specimen, nonpregnant on 16 May 1975, was netted over a logging road in gallery forest. The male from Nicara¬ gua was taken in a net set over a stream bordered by riparian forest, along with hundreds of Desmodus rotundus, whereas the female (nonpregnant on 25 May 1977) was trapped in a mist net set across a road in second-growth rain forest. Lasiurus ega panamensis (Thomas, 1901). —Only two specimens of this yellow bat have been reported previously from Honduras (Goodwin, 1942 b; LaVal, 1969). Three additional specimens (TTU 28529-31), a male and two females, from 10 mi. SSW Nacaome were netted in a small banana grove on 22 May 1975. One of the two fe¬ males was recorded as lactating by Greenbaum. Other Honduranian specimens in our collection include five (TTU 17130-34) from 11.1 mi. S Choluteca (16 July 1972), two males and three nonpregnant females, and a male (TTU 13386) from 12 km. N Santa Barbara. Eumops auripendulus auripendulus (Shaw, 1800). — Eger (1977), in her revision of the genus Eumops, recorded only two specimens of this species from Nicaragua. Recently, two additional individuals, a male and female (USNM 514671-72) preserved in spirits, from San Carlos, Zelaya, were received by the National Museum of Natural History. These were “caught in houses away from the river” (Rio San Juan) in September 1976 by Kurt Koenig. We are grateful to Dr. Don E. Wilson for permission to report on these bats. 6 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Literature Cited Baker, R. J., and T. C. Hsu. 1970. Further studies on the sex-chromosomal systems of the American leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomati- dae). Cytogenetics, 9:131-138. Baker, R. J., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1975. Additional records of bats from Nicaragua, with a revised checklist of Chiroptera. Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 32:1-13. Baker, R. J., A. L. Gardner, and J. L. Patton. 1972. Chromosomal poly¬ morphism in the phyllostomatid bat, Mimon crenulatum (Geoffroy). Experientia, 28:969-970. Carter, D. C., R. H. Pine, and W. B. Davis. 1966. Notes on Middle Ameri¬ can bats. Southwestern Nat., 11:488-499. Davis, W. B., and D. C. Carter. 1962. Notes on Central American bats with description of a new subspecies of Mormoops. Southwestern Nat, 7:64-74. Davis, W. B., D. C. Carter, and R. H. Pine. 1964. Noteworthy records of Mexican and Central American bats. J. Mamm., 45:375-387. Eger, J. L. 1977. Systematics of the genus Eumops (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Life Sci. Contrib., Royal Ontario Mus., 110:1-69. Gardner, A. L. 1976. The distributional status of some Peruvian mam¬ mals. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ., 48:1-18. Gardner, A. L., R. K. LaVal, and D. E. Wilson. 1970. The distributional status of some Costa Rican bats. J. Mamm., 51:712-729. Goodwin, G. G. 1942a. A summary of recognizable species of Tonatia, with descriptions of two new species. J. Mamm., 23:204-209. -. 1942b. Mammals of Honduras. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79:107-195. -. 1953. Catalogue of type specimens of Recent mammals in the Amer¬ ican Museum of Natural History. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 102:207-411. Greenbaum, I. F., R. J. Baker, and D. E. Wilson. 1975. Evolutionary im¬ plications of the karyotypes of the stenodermine genera Ardops, Ariteus, Phyllops, and Ectophylla. Bull. S. California Acad. Sci., 74:156-159. Handley, C. O., Jr. 1966. Checklist of mammals of Panama. Pp. 753-795, in Ectoparasites of Panama (R. L. Wenzel and V. J. Tipton, eds.), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, xii + 861 pp. Jones, J. K., Jr., J. D. Smith, and R. W. Turner. 1971. Noteworthy records of bats from Nicaragua, with a checklist of the chiropteran fauna of the country. Occas. Papers Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas, 2:1-35. Koopman, K. F. 1976. Zoogeography. Pp. 39-47, in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part I (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.), Spec. Publ. Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 10:1-218. -. 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. Amer. Mus. Novit., 2651:1-33. LaVal, R. K. 1969. Records of bats from Honduras and El Salvador. J. Mamm., 50:819-822. GREENBAUM AND JONES - NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF BATS 7 LaVal, R. K., and H. S. Fitch. 1977. Structure, movements and reproduc¬ tion in three Costa Rican bat communities. Occas. Papers Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas, 69:1-28. Valdez, R., and R. K. LaVal. 1971. Records of bats from Honduras and Nicaragua. J. Mamm., 52:247-250. Addresses of authors: Department of Biological Sciences and The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 79409. Received 23 March, accepted 10 April 1978. 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