MALAC QL 401 .N68 v.12 no.1-2 NvVAPEX Trimestriel de la Société Belge de Malacologie association sans but lucratif Quarterly of the Belgian Malacological Society VOL 12 (1-2) 2011 10 MARS SOMMAIRE Ewell Sale Stewart Library APR 1 3 2011 Articles originaux - Original articles A . ,.. . . „ . - & -Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the early Miocene Cantaure Formation of northem Venezuela 1 R. Houart & S. Gori Description of two new Favartia species (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Muricopsinae) from Masirah Island, Oman, Arabian Peninsula 39 G. T. Watters Redescription and range extension of Antillophos bahamasensis Petuch, 2002 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) Al C. Vilvens, F. Swinnen & A new species of Clelandella (Gastropoda: Trochoidea: F. Deniz Guerra Trochidae: Cantharidinae) from Western Sahara Vie de la Société - Life of the Society (suite du sommaire en dernière page de couverture) 49 C. Vilvens WB Prochaines activités 1 C. Delongueville & R. Scaillet /jj: Présence de Cardium indicum Lamarck, 1819 sur la côte P Est de Tunisie 3 ISSN 1375-7474 Périodique trimestriel Bureau de dépôt 1370 Jodoigne RÉGION WALLONNE Publié avec l’aide du Ministère de la Région Wallonne COTISATIONS/MEMBERSHIP 2010 Membres résidant en Belgique (NOVAPEX et les numéros hors série) Membre effectif. 40 ® (sans le service du bulletin) Personne appartenant à la famille d'un membre effectif et ayant même résidence.15 € Versement à effectuer à la Banque de la Poste, au n°000-0974225-54 de M. Marc Alexandre, rue de la Libération, 45, 6182 Souvret. Abonnés résidant à l'étranger (NOVAPEX et les numéros hors série) Cotisation.55 € Versement à effectuer auprès de la Banque de la Poste Belge, Bruxelles, au n° 000-0974225-54 [IBAN : BE42000097422554 - BIC : (= SWIFT) BPOTBEB1] de M. 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Les membres européens de la SIM peuvent faire de même chez eux. By common agreemertt with SIM, our European members that subscribe to that society for 2010 cari pay to the SBM the membership fees for both societies. The European members of the SIM can do the same paying to their society. Dans ce cas, vous obtiendrez une réduction de 2 €pour la SIM et de 2 €pour la SBM, soit : In this wayyou can hâve a discount of 2 €for the SIM and of 2 €for the SBM : SIM (Bol. Malacologico + Notiziario SIM).€38,00 SBM (Novapex + Novapex/Société).€53,00 (Belgian members: €38,00) Editeur responsable: C. Vilvens, rue de Hermalle, 113, B-4680 Oupeye. President honoraire ( Honorary President ) • M. R. Duchamps, av. Mozart, 52,1190 Bruxelles Vice-President honoraire ( Honorary Vice-President) • M. E. Waiengnœr, rue Camille Wollès, 42, 1030 Bruxelles CONSEIL D'ADMINISTRATION President Vice- president & Bibliothécaire (Vice-president and Librarian) Trésorier ( Treasurer) SECRETAIRE ( Secretary ) Administrateur ( Novapex Manager) • M. C. Vilvens, rue de Hermalle, 113,4680 Oupeye 04/248.32.25 • M. E. Meuleman, Sart 32,4171 Poulseur 04/380 55 16 • M. M. Alexandre, rue de la Libération, 45,6182 Souvret 071/46.12.88 • Mme A. Langleit, av. Cicéron, 27, bte 92,1140 Bruxelles 02/726.17.61 • M. R. Hou art, St. Jobsstraat, 8, 3400 Landen (Ezemaal) 016/78.86.16 Internet : http://www.societe-belge-de-malacologie.be e-mail : vilvens.claude@skynet.be ou e.meuleman@skynet.be Les articles et textes présentés dans cette revue reflètent l'opinion personnelle de leur(s) auteur(s) et non pas nécessairement celle de la Société ou de l'éditeur responsable. Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d'adaptation des articles publiés dans ce bulletin, réservés pour tous pays. Ail rights of reproduction are reserved with the written permission of the board. Publications precedentes / Former publications: - Bulletin Mensuel d'information (1966-1971) - INFORMATIONS de la Société Belge de Malacologie (1972-1985) - ARION (1986-1999) -APEX (1986-1999) SOCIETE BELGE DE MALACOLOGIE Edgar WAIENGNIER, 1936 - 2010 Membre de la Société Belge de Malacologie depuis 1977, Edgar nous rejoignit au sein du comité en 1980. Depuis lors ses connaissances en matière de malacologie, sa présence régulière à nos réunions, sa participation a nos excursions et son implication dans tous nos projets ont toujours été très précieux et appréciés. Il était également le spécialiste des mollusques terrestres, en particulier des Helicidae et nous a présente plusieurs conférences sur ce sujet bien précis. Nous saluons ici un collègue mais aussi un ami qui sera toujours parmi nous en pensée. Ce numéro de Novapex est dédié à sa mémoire. Member of the Belgian Malacological Society since 1977, Edgar joined us on the board of directors in 1980. Since then his knowledge of malacology, his regular presence at our meetings, his participation in our tield trips and his involvement in ail our projects were always highly valued and appreciated. He was also the specialist on terrestrial molluscs, in particular of Helicidae, and he presented us with several conférences on this subject. We salute here not only a colleague but also a friend who will always be among us in thought. This issue of Novapex is dedicated to his memory. fe NOVAPEX est paru pour la première Ibis le 20 février 2000, remplaçant notre revue APEX qui en était à son quatorzième volume. De 2000 à 2010 nous avons publié de nombreux articles dans les numéros ordinaires de Novapex et dans 7 numéros Hors Série. Durant ces 1 I années nous avons fait appel à de nombreux référés. Leurs noms sont mentionnés ci-dessous. NOVAPEX was published for the first time on February 20, 2000 to replace APEX, then at its 14th volume. From 2000 to the end of 2010 we published numerous papers in the normal issues of Novapex and in 7 Spécial Issues. During these 11 years we asked for the help of many referees. They are listed below. Reviewers for Novapex 2000-2010 - Référés pour Novapex 2000-2010 Warren ALLMON Alan BEU Arthur BOGAN Philippe BOUCHET Franck BOYER Christiane DELONGUEVILLE Bunjamin DHARMA Henk DIJKSTRA Doug EERNISSE Marien FABER Yves FINET Koen FRAUSSEN Emilio F. GARCIA Olivier GARGOMINY Serge GOFAS Daniel GRAF Roland HADORN M.G. HARASEWYCH Dai HERBERT Greg HERBERT Roland HOUART Yuri K.ANTOR t Kevin LAMPRELL Harry G. LEE Robert LIPE James H. MC LEAN Bruce MARSHALL t Phillip A. MAXWELL Tony McCLEERY Didier MERLE David MONSECOUR Kevin MONSECOUR Antonio MONTEIRO Rob MOOLENBEEK Igor MURATOV Bruce NEVILLE Robert PEUCHOT Emilio ROLAN Gary ROSENBERG Richard SALISBURY Roland SCAILLET Luiz Ricardo LOPES SIMONE Donn TIPPETT t Hans TURNER Georges VAUQUELIN Geerat VERMEIJ Claude VIL V ENS Rudo von COSEL t Edgar WA1ENGNIER Andrew WAKEFIELD Anders WAREN John WOLFF B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the early Miocene Cantaure Formation of northem Venezuela Bernard M. LANDAU Centre de Geologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and International Health Centres, Av. Infante de Henrique 7, Areias Sào Joâo, P-8200 Albufeira, Portugal. bernielandau@sapo.pt Corresponding author Lindsey T. GROVES Natural History Muséum of Los Angeles County, Malacology Department, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, 90007, USA. lgroves@nhm.org KEYWORDS. Cypraeidae, Mollusca, Miocene, Cantaure Formation, Venezuela, new species. ABSTRACT. This is the first account of the rich assemblage of Cypraeidae from the late early Miocene, Burdigalian Cantaure Formation, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn Province, Venezuela. Twelve species are recorded from these deposits, ten of which are new to science: Luria cantaurana n. sp., L. isabellaprimitiva n. sp., Trôna ingrami n. sp., Propustularia longidentata n. sp., P. paraguanensis n. sp., Zonaria pingata n. sp., Z. pseudotumulus n. sp., Pseudozonaria pr 'aeaequinoctialis n. sp., P. primarobertsi n. sp. and P. falconensis n. sp. Comparative taxon Muracypraea "henekeni ot Groves (1997) from the middle to late Miocene Gatun Formation ot Panama and Angostura Formation of Ecuador is herein described as M woodringi n. sp. Cypraea fossula (Ingram, 1947) is considered a junior subjective synonym of Trôna trinitatensis (Mansfîeld, 1925). The type material of Jousseaumea joossi Schilder, 1939 and Pustularia mejasensis Schilder, 1939 are in very poor condition and do not adequately show species characteristics, and are therefore considered nomma dubia. INTRODUCTION A rich and varied cypraeid fauna is here reported from the early Miocene (Burdigalian) Cantaure Formation as defined by Hunter and Bartok (1974), Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Schilder (1939) first documented the family Cypraeidae from these deposits with the report of Luria (Basilitrona) patrespatriae (Maury, 1917) and Ingram (1947) described Cypraea fossula from the sarne formation. However, no further cypraeid taxonomie work on the Cantaure Formation has been attempted. Jung’s (1965) landmark systematic monograph on the assemblage described and illustrated a specimen identified as Cypraea aff. isabella Linnaeus, but made no further mention of additional cypraeids in the formation. Herein, these omissions are addressed. Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith (1979) described the presence of ‘upper’ and ‘Iower’ beds in the Cantaure Formation. The basal unit is defined by a breccia composed of Balanus barnacle fragments and blocks of granité overlain by silty and gypsiferous shales with sandy levels (Hunter & Bartok, 1974). They also note rich molluscan levels within the Iower unit. The upper level is sandier, and the transition between the two units is unclear. Dr. Ernily Vokes, who has also visited the deposits, did not recognize the presence of an ‘upper’ and ‘Iower’ bed (personal communication, BL). The gastropod assemblage found in the ‘upper’ and ‘Iower’ beds is similar, with a prédominance of filter-feeding turritellids in the ‘upper’ beds and a greater number of rocky-bottom dwellers in the ‘Iower’ bed. Cypraeids are not common in the Cantaure Formation, but are found far more often in the ‘Iower’ beds, which are designated as the type locality for the new species. Material and Methods The material described here is from the Gibson-Smith collection housed in the Naturhistorisches Muséum Basel (NMB coll.), Switzerland and the Bernard Landau collection (BL coll.), now deposited in the Naturhistorisches Muséum Wien (NHMW coll), Vienna, Austria. Some specimens are deposited in the Natural Histoiy Muséum of Los Angeles County, Invertebrate Palaeontology Department (LACMIP coll.). Ail shells were also examined under UV light as described by Olsson & Petit (1968). Abbreviations Abbreviations used for institutional catalogue and/or locality numbers are as follows: ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USA; BL, Collection of Bernard Landau (Collection now at B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northern Venezuela NHMW); DFB coll., Dirk Fehse collection, Berlin, Germany: LACMIP Natural History Muséum of Los Angeles County, Invertebrate Palaeontology Department, Los Angeles, California, USA; NHMW, Naturhistorisches Muséum Wien, Vienna, Austria; NMB, Naturhistorisches Muséum Basel, Switzerland; PPP, Panama Palaeontologieal Project; TU, Tulane University, New Orléans, USA (Tertiary collections now at the National Muséum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution [USNM]); UCMP, University of California, Muséum of Paleontology, Berkeley, California, USA; and USGS, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA. Systematic Palaeontology Cypraeids can be a notoriously difficult group to work on, especially the fossils as the surface colour and pattern are usually lost. A single major taxonomie study has been undertaken in recent years on the tropical American Neogene cypraeid assemblages; Dolin (1991) revised the Cypraeoidea from the late early Miocene Chipola Formation of northern Florida, which is roughly contemporaneous with the Cantaure Formation. For the ease of comparison of the two faunas, the morphologie terminology of Dolin (1991: fïg. 1) and Dolin & Lozouet (2004: fîgs. 2a-c) are utilized. Cypraeid systematics has been greatly enhanced by the works of Meyer (2003, 2004) in particular his molecular data-base for the family. The phylogenetic implications of this new data outlined by Meyer (2004), and the systematic arrangement suggested by Lôpez Soriano (2006) based on Meyer’s work, are followed here. Higher level systematics follows that of Bouchet, et al. (2005). The shell formula proposed by Schilder (1935: 327) has been given for each species. This formula is derived from measurements taken from ail available tully mature and normally formed specimens. It consists of the following éléments: [L (W-H) LT: CT], L: average length in mm, W: average width/ length ratio in %, H: average height/ length ratio in %, LT: normalized number ot labial teeth, CT: normalized number of columellar teeth. The normalized number of teeth - in relation to a shell of 25 mm length - is calculated as follows: T = 7 + [(c-7) x V (25/L)], T: normalized number of teeth, c: teeth counted, L: length. This shell formula is useful to highlight différences and similarities between species, but should not be used on its own to distinguish between species. C lass GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1791 C lade HYPSOGAS TROPODA Ponder & Lindberg 1997 Clade CAENOGASTROPODA Cox, 1959 Clade LITTORINIMORPHA Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 Superfamily CYPRAEOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815 Family CYPRAEIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily CYPRAEINAE Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Muracypraea Woodring, 1957 Type species: Cypraea mus Linnaeus, 1758, by original désignation. Description. Shell pyriform to triangular of small to moderately large size (30 to 75 mm); posterior part of dorsal surface smooth, roughened, warty, or bituberculate; outer lip, wide, slightly constricted near anterior end; fossula indistinct, wide, shallow, and smooth. Discussion. A consensus among specialists on the generic assignment for this group of species is lacking as is an agreement of the number of living and fossil species (Woodring, 1959; Petuch, 1979, 1987; Doneddu & Manunza 1996; Lorenz & Hubert, 2000; Meyer, 2004). This may in part be due to the inadéquate description of the type species by Woodring (1957). Muracypraea was originally proposed as a subgenus of Cypraea. Lorenz & Hubert (2000) considered “ Muracypraea ” an informai group within Siphocypraea Heilprin, 1887 which was proposed as a subgenus within the genus Cypraea. Some species of the S. problematica complex hâve a strongly curled comma-shaped posterior channel that conceals the spire. Muracypraea was proposed for the Recent Cypraea mus Linnaeus, 1758 and the related fossil species that possess a more normal posterior, wide aperture, and commonly well-developed dorsal callosities, dorsal tubercules, and occasionally a central spike-like dorsal projection. Siphocypraea ranges from the early Pliocène to Pleistocene and is restricted to the southeastern United States whereas Muracypraea ranges from the early Miocene to Recent of the Caribbean Basin to Peru and southeastern California. Doneddu & Manunza (1996) and Fehse (in press, a) considered Muracypraea a junior synonym of Barycypraea Schilder, 1927. They drew attention to the long géologie history of the genus with fossil représentatives in the Indo-Pacific (see Dharma, 2005; Fehse (in press, b) and the Caribbean Tertiary. Doneddu & Manunza (1996) traced the origins of the M. mus complex to Cypraea (Bernayia) [,?/c] saltoensis (Clark in Clark & Durham, 1946) ot the Eocene of Colombia. However, close examination of the poorly preserved holotype makes it clear that a conclusive generic assignment is not possible, and détermination of a possible new genus is beyond the scope of this paper. Kay (1996) and Groves (1997) used Muracypraea as a full genus. Woodring (1959) considered ail Miocene specimens from the circum Caribbean basin to be Cypraea (Muracypraea) henekeni (lectotype; Figs 144-145). However, it is notable that specimens from the Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama are different from those of Venezuela, Trinidad, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. Most specimens from the Gatun Formation examined by the senior author hâve an 2 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves NOVAPEX 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 axially striped colour pattern or blotching of dull reddish brown or yellowish orange. Additionally, the marginal callus is extremely thin and poorly delimited, and does not extend onto the dorsum, and the shell periphery of the Gatun shells feel corrugated, whereas they are smooth in M. henekeni and M. hyaena. We separate two distinct taxa within the Gatun assemblages (see below). The early Pliocène Muracypraea grahami (Ingram, 1947) t'rom Cubagua, Venezuela (Figs 29-32) is again different (Landau & Silva, 2010). Ingram (1947) described two Muracypraea species from Cubagua; Cypraea nigosa [junior homonym of C. nigosa Broderip, 1827] and Cypraea grahami. Although the holotypes of the two shells look quite different, Landau & Silva (2010) illustrated intermediate forms and recognised a single species in the Cubagua deposits. The shell is very large and solid (63-73 mm in length) and their outline is more triangular and their dorsum even higher than M hyaena (Landau & Silva 2010). The tubercles are staggered on the dorsum in a similar fashion to M. hyaena. The margins are corrugated, as in Muracypraea isthmica Schilder, 1927, but more coarsely so. In the best preserved specimen from Cubagua an indication of a striped colour pattern is présent, akin to that seen in the Gatun Formation shells. On the Pacific side of the Gatunian Province Muracypraea cayapa (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941) from the early Pliocène Jama Formation of Ecuador is a large poorly known species represented by a single broken specimen. Many other taxa of Muracypraea hâve been described from the Caribbean Neogene, which awail validation. Species of the extant Muracypraea mus complex are known to hâve an intracapsular larval development (Ranson, 1967; Hoeblich, 1979). This assumption cannot be validated with the fossil taxa, however, this type of development would favour a restricted distribution of species and a high degree of variability between populations. This helps explain the difficulty encountered with the Caribbean Neogene Muracypraea populations and may be analogous to the situation among Recent species of the genus Zoila Jousseaume, 1884 in Australia which also shows intracapsular development. Numerous species of Zoila are not only geographically restricted, but numerous intermediate forms are common ofif the western and Southern coasts of Australia (Lorenz, & Hubert, 2000; Lorenz, 2001). Based on mitochondrial molecular data presented by Meyer (2004), the two extant Barycypraea taxa B. teulerei (Cazenavette, 1846) and B. fultoni (Sowerby, 1903) were placed as sister taxa to Zoila Jousseaume, 1884, reaffirming the (validity of the subfamilial clade Bernayinae Schilder, 1927, whereas Muracypraea mus was placed in the Cypraeinae Gray, 1824. Based on morphological différences, Fehse (in press, a) will reassign the two living Barycypraea species and the fossil species B. zietsmani (Liltved & LeRoux, 1988) [Pliocène, South Africa], B. schilderi (Dey in Schilder, 1941) [Pliocène, India], B. gendingaensis (Martin, 1899) [Pliocène, Indonesia], and B. kendengensis (Schilder, 1941) [Pliocène, Indonesia] to a new genus (Dirk Fehse personal communication 2010). Some of the shells of the lndonesian fossil Barycypraea group are extremely similar to those of Muracypraea in the Tropical American Neogene and could represent a convergent evolutionary process. A morphological feature that helps separate Muracypraea from Barycypraea are the flattened spatulate horizontal expansions on either side produced from the abapical tips of the inner and outer lips of M. henekeni and many related species. Occasionally these spatulate expansions are hyper developed in the Caribbean forms whereas they are somewhat obsolète in the lndonesian species of Barycypraea. Although the two généra may hâve a common Tethyan ancestor, consistent shell différences and the vast géographie séparation could justify different généra. Many of the Muracypraea shells are lightweight, less callused with a broad aperture and less developed, widely spaced dentition, whereas the shells of Barycapraea are heavy, strongly callused with a narrow aperture and a distinct, close-set dentition. The Muracypraea exceptions being M. mus donmorei (Petuch, 1979), M mus bîcornis (Sowerby, 1870), and M. grahami (C. nigosa Ingram, 1947 junior homonym of C. rugosa Broderip, 1827; see Landau & Silva 2010). The dorsal callosities of both généra can be variable even among the same species. However, in Muracypraea they tend to be restricted to the posterior portion of the dorsal surface whereas in Barycypraea there may be a second set located slightly anterior of the dorsum centre. Because the Miocene fossil record for the central Pacific islands is incomplète, and until a conclusive answer to whether two généra should be used for the two seemingly geographically separated species-groups, the classification of Schilder & Schilder (1971) for Muracypraea is used for the Caribbean species. Muracypraea hyaena (Schilder, 1939) Figs 1-14 1939 Siphocypraea angustirirna hyaena Schilder, p. 23, fig. 24. 1971 Siphocypraea (Muracypraea) angustirirna hyaena Schilder and Schilder, p. 29. Material. 8 specimens BL coll.; 1 specimen LACMIP 13648 (ex BL coll.). Description. Shell small to medium, solid, rotund, dorsum very strongly humped % distance from the anterior end, in fully adult specimens bearing two small tubercles, right tubercle larger and anterior to left; spire depressed, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, strongly callused, with the callus ascending progressively adapically to just below the apex posterior to the dorsal hump; ventrum flattened, slightly convex in profile; aperture almost straight. B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela anterior third weakly dilated; siphonal canal deep, abaxially asymmetrical and abapically orthogonally truncated, flanked on either side by flattened spatulate horizontal expansions produced from the abapical tips of the inner and outer lips; exhalant channel deeper, limited by parallel lips; about 4 mm width weakly concave channel between terminal ridge and first columellar tooth, followed by 13-14 stout, short columellar teeth, extending a short distance onto the ventrum and into the aperture; terminal ridge obsolète, merged into smooth abapical edge of fossula; fossula small, concave, smooth; labral teeth heavy, 14-16 in number, evenly distributed. Ventral and dorsal zones spotted, marginal callus lighter coloured with larger ocellated spots. Shell formula. 39.4 (76.9 - 58.2) 16: 15 specimen collection number length width height LT CT BL coll. 1; (Figs 5-6) 47.2 36.9 26.9 14 14 BL coll. 2; (Figs 1-4) 49.7 37.1 29.8 14 14 BL coll. 3; (Figs 7-8) 44.6 34 25.2 15 14 BL coll. 4 42.9 33.3 25.2 14 13 BL coll. 5 37.8 30 21.5 14 # BL coll. 6 37.1 29.1 20.4 16 14 BL coll. 7 32.7 24.7 20.5 # # BL coll. 8 32 24.5 19.1 13 11 (Figs 9-12) LACMIP 13648 30.4 23.3 17.7 16 13 Table 1. Dimensions and number of teeth; Muracypraea hyaena (Schilder, 1939). Discussion. Muracypraea hyaena (Schilder, 1939) (holotype; Figs 13-14) was described from younger late Miocene beds in the Urumaco area, Falcôn Dept., Venezuela (Sânchez-Villagra & Aguilera, 2006). The holotype is in very poor condition, but the general shape, strength of the dorsal hump, disposition of the teeth, and colour markings are consistent. There is some variability as to the presence or absence of tubercles on the dorsal hump; the tubercles usually présent only in fully grown specimens, although our largest specimen (Figs 1-4) is devoid of tubercles and the smallest (Figs 9-12) has well developed little tubercles. Perilliat (1992) figured a fairly well preserved specimen identified as Siphocypraea (Muracvpaea) sp. cf. S. (M.) angustirima hyaena Schilder from the middle Miocene Ferrotepec Formation, Michoacân, Southern Mexico. This specimen is indeed a Muracypraea somewhat similar to M. hyaena but has coarser dentition and has a more produced anterior. The Ferrotepec Formation shell is more likely an undescribed species. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. Middle Miocene: Urumaco, Venezuela (Schilder, 1939). Muracypraea woodringi n. sp. Figs 21-28 1951 Cypraea cf. C. henekeni Sowerby - Marks, p. 376. 1959 Cypraea (Muracypraea) henekeni Sowerby - Woodring, p. 194, pl. 32, figs 1,4, 6, 9. 1964 Siphocypraea (Muracypraea) henekeni (Sowerby) - Olsson, p. I 76, pl. 31, figs 3-3a. 1993 Cypraea (Muracypraea) henekeni Sowerby- Pit&Pit, p. 3, pl. l.fig. 7. 1997 Muracypraea “henekeni” (Sowerby, 1850) — Groves, p. 152, pl. 1, figs 4-6. Figures 1-14 1-4. Muracypraea hyaena (Schilder, 1939) NHMW 2010/0036/0024 (NMMW; ex BL coll. no. 2), length 47.7 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Falcon Stale ' Venezuela; 5-6. Muracypraea hyaena (Schilder, 1939) NHMW 2010/0036/0025 MM f „ e *' B X L C0lL no - len § th 47 - 2 mm - lower shel1 bed , 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km i'q r o ?\iu'viu? -in PcnmsL1 ' a - Fa ' cbn State, Venezuela; 7-8. Muracypraea hyaena (Schilder, fr ,, " 1 J6/0026 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.no. 3), length 44.6 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest r asa antaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo. Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State. Venezuela; 9-12. she iThTe hyüena (Schllder ’ ,939) LACMIP '3648 (LACMIP coll.; ex BL coll.). length 30.4 mm. lower State S0L ‘ 1 ^ st ° ( asa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn 31 0 mm nï .^cypraea hyaena (Schilder, 1939) Holotype NMB H11272 (NMB coll.), length .0 mm. Urumaco area, Falcôn Dept., Venezuela, Urumaco Formation, early late Miocene. 4 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 5 Ê B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Dimensions and type material. Holotype; LACMIP 12431, length 42.1 mm (Figs 23-24); paratype I ANSP 315087, length, 42.0 mm (Figs 21-22); paratype 2 USNM 562582, length, 38.5 mm, paratype 3 NHMW 2010/0036/0001 (ex. BL coll.) length 43.4 mm (figs. 25-28). Other Material. Panama, three incomplète specimens PPP 02168 (NMB 18667); three incomplète specimens PPP 02119 (NMB 17637); two specimens PPP 00490 (NMB 17871); four specimens PPP 00487 (NMB 17868); one specimen PPP 1080 (NMB 18261); one specimen PPP 00224 (NMB 17642); two specimens PPP 01034 (NMB 18258); one incomplète specimen PPP 01078 (NMB 18325) ail NMB coll.; one specimen locality ANSP 1731 (internai mould); one specimen locality LACMIP 16936; five specimens locality LACMIP 17908 (= TU 757); five specimens locality LACMIP 17909 (= TU 958); two specimens locality LACMIP 17910 (= TU 960); two specimens locality LACMIP 17911 (= TU 1432); one specimen from LACMIP 17912 (= TU 1433); Cativa, Colon, BL coll. (Ail Gatun Formation); Colombia, one specimen locality UCMP 154008 (fragment), Narino Dept.; Ecuador, one incomplète specimen PPP 03391 (NMB 19122); one specimen AGC 99-102, NMB coll.; Baja California Sur, Mexico, one specimen locality USNM 1/1238 (ex USGS), San Ignacio Formation!?). Type locality. Angostura Formation (late Miocene), Loc. LACMIP 16943 [= TU 1507], just east of Rio Verde, approximately 30 km east of Rio Esmeraldas Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador. Type stratum. Angostura Formation (late Miocene). Description. Shell medium-sized for genus, solid, triangular-shaped, dorsum very strongly humped 2 / 3 distance from the anterior end, bearing two groups of small warty tubercles, left group larger and slightly anterior to right; spike-like projection at centre of apex rises 2 mm above dorsal surface; spire depressed, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, strongly callused, with the callus ascending progressively adapically to just below the apex posterior to the dorsal hump, callus edge poorly delimited; ventrum flattened, slightly convex in profile; aperture almost straight, anterior third weakly dilated; anterior canal deep, abaxially asymmetrical and abapically orthogonally truncated, flanked on either side by flattened spatulate horizontal expansions produced from the abapical tips of the inner and outer lips; posterior channel deeper, limited by parallel lips; about 4 mm width weakly concave channel between terminal ridge and first columellar tooth, followed by 14 stout, becoming weak posteriorly, short columellar teeth, extending a short distance onto the ventrum and into the aperture; terminal ridge obsolète, merged into smooth abapical edge of fossula; fossula small, concave, smooth; labral teeth heavy, 14 in number, evenly distributed, becoming weak posteriorly. Ventral and dorsal zones striped, marginal callus lighter coloured, dorsum with irregular stripes of dull red-orange and tan. Shell Formula. 45.3 (80.0-60.0) 21; 14 specimen collection number length width Height LT CT holotype (Figs 23-24) LACMIP 12431 43.5 34.5 27.1 18 # paratype 1 (Figs 21-22) ANSP 315087 42.1 34.1 24.6 14 13 paratype 2 USNM 562582 46.0 36.9 24.3 # # paratype 3 (Figs 25-28) NHMW 2010/0036/0001 43.4 31.1 25.6 18 13 CAS 66589.06 37.5 29.7 22.6 # # USNM 562581 52.7 44.0 31.8 # # BL coll. 1 38.4 31.6 21.4 18 13 BL coll. 2 42.4 35.1 23.1 17 12 BL coll. 3 57.6 45.1 31.8 18 12 BL coll. 4 48.8 41.0 28.5 17 13 BL coll. 5 46.6 35.5 26.7 17 12 DF B coll. No. 7406-1 48.5 39.8 26.3 17 11 DFB coll. No. 7406-2 38.8 32.7 22.1 16 12 Table 2. Dimensions and number ot teeth; Muracypraea woodringi n. sp. Discussion. Muracypraea woodringi is described the forms noted by Groves (1997) as M. “heneke hom the Gatun Formation of Panama, the Angosl Formation of Ecuador, and Miocene strata southwestern Colombia. A poorly preser specimen from Southern Baja California Sur, Mex may also represent M. woodringi. Mnracypn woodringi is most similar to M. isthm (Schilder, 1927) [= Cypraea henekeni Sowb. var 6 Brown & Pilsbry (1911:356-357, pi. 26, figs. 9-10)] also from the Gatun Formation, which has a broad, smooth rounded, poorly delimited dorsal gibbosity centrally positioned (Figs 23-24). These shells were illustrated by Woodring (1959; pi. 31, figs 6-10). The specimen illustrated by Brown & Pilsbry (1911: pi- 26, figs. 9-10) clearly has a single dorsal gibbosity. Untortunately, the holotype is missing. Brown & Pilsbry (191 1: 356) noted that the “aperture is like that B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves NOVAPEX 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 of Santo Domingo C. henikeni [sic], except that the teeth are more compressed and longer. In a specimen 42.5 mm. long there are 15 teeth on the inner, 19 on the outer lip.” The length of the denticles seems variable, but on average M. isthmicù has fewer denticles on both the inner and outer lips than M. henekeni or M. hyaena. Woodring (1959: pl. 32. figs. 1, 4, 6, 9) illustrated specimens that are considered true M. woodringi. The two Gatun Formation taxa cannot be separated by their dentition or fossula. Landau and Silva (2010) discussed the presence of the genus in the Venezuelan Pliocène assemblages and stressed the need for a full révision of the genus. This much needed révision is again outside the scope of this worlc, however, at least half a dozen different Muracypraea species may occur in the tropical American Neogene. Etymology. Named for Wendell P. Woodring in récognition of his monumental work on the geology and palaeontology of the Panama Canal Zone région. Geologieal and geographical distribution. Upper Miocene: Angostura Formation, Ecuador; Gatun Fonnation, Panama. Miocene (indeterminate): Narino Dept., Colombia. Subfamily LUR1FNAE Schilder, 1932 Genus Luria Jousseaume, 1884 Type species: Cypraea lurida Linnaeus, 1758, by original désignation. Discussion. Dolin (1991) synonymised the genera/subgenera Tessellata Jousseaume, 1884 (type species Cypraea tessellata Swainson, 1822), Basilitrona Iredale, 1930 (type species Cypraea isabella Linnaeus, 1758) and Fossacypraea Schilder, 1939 (type species Cypraea hieroglyphica Schilder, 1923) with Talparia Troschel, 1863. Lorenz & Hubert (2000) considered “ Basilitrona” and “ Tessellata" as species groups within the genus Luria Jousseaume, 1884. Dolin & Lozouet (2004) transferred the tropical American species included in Talparia by Dolin (1991) to Luria (Tessellata). Meyer’s (2004) molecular data supports the systematic arrangement of Lorenz & Flubert (2000), on the basis of which Lôpez Soriano (2006) fonnally synonymised Tessellata with Luria. Shells in the genus Luria differ from those in Talparia in having blunt extremities, short and deep anterior and posterior canals, the anterior canal is straight as opposed to slightly off-set in Talparia, and the angulation is more prominent with the labral teeth developed at the angulation running into the aperture but not onto the ventrum. In Talparia the angulation is developed and raised in the anterior portion but not in the mid and posterior portion with the teeth extending a short distance onto the ventrum. The character of the fossula; spoon-like, smooth or weakly ribbed, with denticles on the inner margin, is similar in both généra. Luria cantaurana n. sp. Text-figure 1; Figs. 37-44 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NHMW 2010/0036/0002, lenght 56.0 mm (Figs 37-40); paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0003, length, 42.0 mm (Figs 41-44); paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0004, length, 38.5 mm. Type locality. lower sheli bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locaiity GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Description. Shell medium-sized for genus, solid, subcylindrical, posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire involute, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, callused, the callus extending to between Ft, and % height; ventrum flattened, especially in the anterior portion, slightly convex in profile in the posterior portion; aperture parasigmoidal, anterior third wider, dilated by hemispherical expansion on the labrum; siphonal canal deep, abaxially asymmetrical and abapically orthogonally truncated; exhalant channel deep, limited by parallel lips; 28-33 very short columellar teeth rnost clearly developed at the angulation, running a short distance into the aperture, but not onto the ventrum; angulation Sharp and ridge- lilce in the anterior and mid-portions; terminal ridge weakly developed, merged into abapical edge; fossula well-delimited, spoon-like, concave, broad, smooth, fringed with weak denticles at its inner edge; columella peristome smooth; 24-29 labral teeth, anterior third of labral teeth stretched out on constricted, depressed, hemicircular area; remai nder sharp, outer lip bevelled inwards, with teeth extending across the bevelled inner portion and a very short distance externally onto the labrum; no colour pattern preserved, under UV light some axially elongated blotches seen in two specimens, but no clear pattern. Shell Formula. 45.5 (58.0 - 45.7) 20: 24 specimen collection number length Width Height LT CT holotype (Figs 37-40) NHMW 2010/0036/0002 56.0 33.3 25.6 29 33 paratype 1 (Figs 41-44) NHMW 2010/0036/0003 42.0 23.8 18.9 24 29 paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0004 38.5 22.1 17.9 24 28 Table 3. Dimensions and number of teeth; Luria cantaurana n. sp. 7 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Text-figure 1 . Luria cantaurana n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0002 (NMMW coll.; ex. BL coll.), length 56.0 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. Luria cantaurana n. sp. is by far the largest Luria species of the Cantaure Formation. As can be seen from the shell formulae, it differs from L. fossula (shell formula; 43.0 (60.4 - 48.8) 22: 16) in having significantly fewer columellar teeth, whereas L. dominicensis (shell formula; 39.5 (59.4 -48.1) 30: 25) has a similar number of columellar teeth, but a far greater number of labral teeth. The early Miocene L. dockeryi from the Chipola Formation of Florida cannot be separated from L. dominicensis on the basis ofthe shell formula (see below). Dolin (1991) synonymised Cypraea fossula Ingram, 1947 with Cypraea dominicensis Gabb, 1873. However, Cypraea fossula belongs within the genus Trôna (see below). Luria dominicensis (LT 36, CT 29, Pilsbry, 1922; shell formula 39.5 (58.7 - 48.1) 30: 24), from an unknown locality in the Dominican Republic). The species from the early Miocene Chipola Formation of Florida originally identified as Luria dominicensis by Dolin (1991) was renamed Luria (Tessellata) dockeryi Dolin & Lozouet, 2004. Luria dockeryi has numerous short teeth (LT 36, CT 29, Dolin, 1991; shell formula 39.5 (59.4 - 48.1) 30: 25). The shell formula is identical to that of the holotype of Luria dominicensis. Unfortunately the holotype (ANSP 3003) illustrated by Pilsbry (1922) cannot be located. Dolin & Lozouet (2004) renamed the Chipola species without mentioning how it differed from the Dominican taxon. There is little to distinguish the two, from the scant material available, and they may be synonyms. Jousseawnea joossi Schilder, 1939 (p. 23, fig. 23) was synonymised with Luria dominicensis by Dolin (1991). The holotype is an internai cast from the Miocene of Trinidad representing an indéterminable Luria sp., and it should be considered nomen dubium. Etymology. Named for the Cantaure Formation. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. Luria isabellaprimitiva n. sp. Text-figure 2; Figs 45-53 1965 Cypraea aff. isabella Linné - Jung, p. 501, pl. 67, figs 7-8. Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NHMW 2010/0036/0005, length 27.7 mm (Figs 45-49); paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0006, length, 26.6 mm (Figs 50-53); paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0007, length, 26.4 mm. Other material. 4 specimens BL coll. Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Figures 15-28 15-17. Muracypraea henekeni (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) NHMW 2010/0036/0027 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length is TU1219 ’ lower Gurabo Formation, early Pliocène, Gurabo River, Dominican Republic- l r W ( , G - B - S ° Werby 1 1850) NHMW 2010/0036/0028 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length , ,, TU1219 ’ lower Gurabo Formation, early Pliocène, Gurabo River, Dominican Republic- (middi euZTTr " n sp ' Paraty P e 1 ANSP 3 15087, length 42.1 mm. Lower Gatun Formation sp Holotvne I TcMtp'mLu? ?" 'uT-iT’ Panama (P hoto Lindsey Groves); 23-24. Muracypraea woodringi n. TU 1 5071^,.^ CM1P I243 F' englh 4 ~- m m. Angostura Formation (upper Miocene), Loc. LACM1P 16943 [= (Photo 1LindS'Crlv5^s ie ; approx,mately ^ 30 k m east of Rio Esmeraldas Esmeraldas Province. Ecuador ex BL coll 1 l?à 25 ’ 28 ; Murac yP raea woodringi n. sp. Paratype 3 NHMW 2010/0036/0001 (NMMW; Boyd-Roo evélt Hthw mm t L °T r GatUn Formation < middle Miocene), Loc TU 961, roadcuts both sides of yd Roosevelt H.ghway, just east of Cativa (= Woodring locality no. 138e), Colon Province, Panama. B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves NOVAPEX 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 9 r «V iRSJ B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Description. Shell small for genus, solid, subcylindrical, slightly posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire involute, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, callused, the callus extending to l A height; ventrum flattened, very slightly convex in profile at the extremities; aperture straight, weakly curved to the left in the posterior portion, anteriorly somewhat dilated by hemispherical expansion on the labrum; siphonal canal deep and narrow, abaxially asymmetrical and abapically orthogonally truncated; exhalant channel deep and narrow, limited by parailel lips; 25-30 very short columellar teeth running deep into the aperture from the angulation across the columellar peristome, but not onto the ventrum; angulation relatively sharp; terminal ridge weakly developed, merged into abapical edge; fossula well- delimited from the columellar peristome by an oblique ridge, spoon-like, concave, strongly ridged, ridges ending as denticles at its inner edge; columella peristome very steep, ridged; 20-25 very short, sharp, labral teeth, abapically teeth not stretched out onto constricted, depressed, hemicircular area; teeth extending across inner portion of lip, but not extemally onto the labrum; colour pattern indicating preserved spots on margins and rings on the dorsum (Fig. 49). Shell Formula. 25.8 (64.7 - 51.6) 27: 25 Specimen collection number Length Width height LT CT holotype (Figs 45-49) NHMW 2010/0036/0005 27.7 17.0 14.2 30 24 paratype 1 (Figs 50-53) NHMW 2010/0036/0006 26.6 16.9 13.4 28 25 paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0007 26.4 17.2 14.1 24 27 BL coll. 4 28.8 17.6 14.2 29 25 BL coll. 5 27.9 17.2 12.8 26 25 BL coll. 6 26.3 15.9 13.1 28 # BL coll. 7 22.1 15.0 11.4 23 # Table 4. Dimensions and number of teeth; Luria isabellaprimitiva n. sp. Text-figure 2. Luria isabellaprimitiva n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0005 (NMMW coll; ex. BL coll.), length 27.7 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. Luria isabellaprimitiva n. sp. differs from its Cantaure Formation congener L. cantaurana n. sp. in having a smaller, more subcylindrical shell, with shorter extremities, and a smaller, deeper fossula. The colour pattern is somewhat unusual in consisting of circles, similar to that seen in the Recent Arestorides argus (Linnaeus, 1758). This is not a colour pattern présent in any living or fossil species of Luria. The ocellated spots are not very clear and only visible on part of the holotype, and not on any of the paratypes. If this pattern were found on more specimens placement within the genus Arestorides Iredale, 1930 might be supported, although there is no record so far of this genus in the American Neogene to Recent faunas. Figures 29-44 29-32. Muracypraea grahami (Ingram, 1947) NHMW 2010/0036/0029 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 63.2 taya Formation, Cubagua Group, early Pliocène, Canon de las Calderas, Cubagua Island, Nueva Esparta State, Venezuela; 33-36. Troua trinitatensis (Mansfield, 1925). UCMP 35536, holotype of Cypraea fossula Ingram, p engt p mm - 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ tNMvrw’ t a c D ° i n State ’ Venezuela; 37-40. Luria cantaurana n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0002 fp ,, coll.), length 56.0 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west NHMW^nuwînumAnTH^ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 41-44. Luria cantaurana n. sp. Paratype 1 C™" 2 T , , „ (NM „ MW; «• BL co,1 -)> length 42.0 mm. lower Shell bed, I km Southwest ofCasa . out 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo. Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcbn State, Venezuela. 10 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves NOVAPEX 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela In the character of its subcylindrical shape and very short extremities Jung (1965) was correct to suggest that L. isabellaprimitiva belonged within the L. isabella- group. This is represented in the tropical American fossil assemblages by L. patrespatriae (Maury. 1917) (holotype; Fig. 146), which is found in the Lower Pliocène Gurabo Formation of the Dominican Republic. Schilder (1939) recorded L. patrespatriae in the Cantaure Formation. Pilsbry (1922) synonymised this taxon with the living L. isabella (Linnaeus, 1758), which today is widespread in the Indo-Pacific (Lorenz & Flubert, 2000). Ingram (1947) reaffirmed the synonymy whilst Woodring (1928) considered it a subspecies of L. isabella. We hâve compared specimens of L. patrespatriae from the early Pliocène Gurabo Formation of the Dominican Republic with specimens L. isabella from the Red Sea (BL coll.). Unfortunately, the Dominican shells are fragile, including the holotype, and in almost ail our specimens the columella is pushed inwards and the teeth are uncountable. We hâve one undamaged specimen in which the apertural characters are well preserved (Figs 54-57). The shell formula for L. patrespatriae [32.4 (54.0 - 44.0) 32: 29] is almost identical to that of L. isabella [35 (52.9 - 44.0) 34: 29], One specimen from the Dominican Republic has the colour pattern preserved, which shows the same orange coloured tips seen in Recent L. isabella , but no black striping. On ventral view the columella is slightly more sinuous in L. patrespatriae and the terminais, especially the posterior terminal, is slightly more produced. The relationship between these species within the L. isabella group is unclear, we therefore consider them distinct at full species level. Luria isabella has a long géologie history in the Indo- Pacific, first recorded from the early Miocene of Fiji (Ladd, 1977) as Cypraea (Talparia) isabella lekalekana Ladd, 1934. This taxon was synonymised with L. isabella by Lorenz & Hubert (2000). This species group is represented today in the tropical American Pacific by Luria isabellamexicana (Stearns, 1893), which differs from L. isabella in having a more pyriform, less subcylindrical shell shape, fewer teeth on both inner and outer lips, more protracted terminais and a somewhat different colouration [shell formula for L. isabellamexicana from île de Clipperton; ZMA coll. unnumbered lot; 39.7 (54.4 - 46.6) 29: 27], There are also radular différences (Burgess, 1985, Lorenz, 2002). It seems, therefore, that during the Pliocène L. patrespatriae was présent in the Caribbean portion of the Neogene Gatunian Province and L. isabella in the Indo-Pacific. Following the closure of the Central American isthmus, the L, isabel la-group disappeared from the Caribbean, and its populations in the Pacific became fragmented into a questionable number of Indo-Pacific species/subspecies with restricted géographie distributions (see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000; Lorenz, 2002) and L. isabellamexicana restricted to the tropical American Pacific, which is unquestionably a valid taxon, lnterestingly, L. isabellamexicana is présent and common in the Lower Pleistocene Moin Formation of Costa Rica (BL collection). At this time connections between the Pacific and Caribbean, albeit intermittent, still existed and is an example of a paciphile species (see Landau et al., 2009). The L. isabella- group has not so far been found in the neighbouring northem Atlantic Caloosahatchian Province. The early Miocene shells from the Cantaure Formation were synonymised with L. patrespatriae by Schilder (1939). However, the two populations are different; the Cantaure shells are never as cylindrical or elongated as those of L. isabella , and the teeth are far less numerous and stronger than in L. isabella (see shell formulae above). The Cantaure Formation shells are doser in shape to those of L. isabellamexicana, but differ in having less protracted terminais and again fewer columellar and labral teeth. We therefore consider the Cantaure shells a distinct species L. isabellaprimitiva n. sp. The genus Luria has also been recorded from the mid-Atlantic middle Miocene Madeira Archipelago (Lorenz & Groh, 1998). The shell of Luria santoensis Lorenz & Groh, 1998 is not unlike that of L. isabellaprimitiva in general shape, but with relatively tewer columellar teeth, a wider aperture and smooth fossula. Indeed, in the character of the fossula L. isabellaprimitiva does not conform well within the genus, which is characterised by shells with a smooth fossula, or almost so. Etymology. The name indicates an early member of the L. isabella species-group. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. Figures 45-57 45-49. Luria isabellaprimitiva n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0005 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 27.7 mm. ower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ n," S 'f, tC ’ Vene/ucla; 5 °- 53 - Luria isabellaprimitiva n. sp. Paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0006 nf p ki \f[ X n° ’ ’ 26-6 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west Ot 1 ueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; Tim'is ' M . na pa ' res P“ tr L ae ( Maur y, 1917) NHMW 2010/0036/0030 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 30.0 mm. l U1215, lower Gurabo Formation, early Pliocène, Gurabo River, Dominican Republic 12 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 13 h B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Genus Trôna .lousseaume, 1884 Type species: Cypraea stercoraria Linnaeus, 1758, by original désignation. Discussion. The généra Trôna and Macrocypraea Schilder, 1930, traditionally considered to be closely related and within the Cypraeinae (Lorenz & Hubert, 2000) were shown by Meyer (2004) to belong to different subfamilies; Trôna within the Luriinae and Macrocypraea within the Cypraeinae. The shell characteristics of the two généra are quite different. Macrocypraea has a rather light shell, as opposed to the very heavy shell of Trôna. The shell of Macrocypraea is elongate rather than globose, they rarely hâve a marginal callus as opposed to the heavy callus seen in most Trôna species, the base is far less flattened than in Trôna , the apertures are wide with spiny extremities, not seen in Trôna, and the shape of the anterior expansion of the aperture is quite different. The fossula in Macrocypraea is not as large or spoon-shaped, nor as strongly sculptured as in Trôna and the terminal ridge is much more prominent in Macrocypraea. The genus Trôna was previously represented by a single subspecies in the Western Hemisphere. Dolin (1991) described Trôna leporina calhounensis from the Chipola Formation of Florida based on two specimens. Trôna is also a characteristic component within the European Miocene cypraeid fauna. Trôna leporina (Lamarck, 1810) from contemporary late early Miocene (Burdigalian) deposits in France (Moulin de Cabannes, St Paul-les-Dax, Landes, France; BL coll.) differs from T. leporina calhounensis in having a less basally flattened shell, a thicker marginal callus and thicker anterior channel callus, a more rounded inner lip, a poorly developed basal angulation with narrow adapical denticles, fossula sculptured with altemate interrupted ridges and rows of pustules, more rounded outer lip, and shorter adapical denticles. Specimens from the early Burdigalian of Le Peloua, France (BL coll), seem slightly different, more ovate with rows of very small pustules on the fossula. Dolin (1991) commented on these small différences in fossular sculpture between populations and postulated these may be an expression of ecophenotypic variation or reproductive isolation and opted to name the Chipola Formation shells T. leporina calhounensis a subspecies of the European taxon without implying a close phylogenetic link between the two populations. This approach is confusing and in view of the taxonomie problems still to be resolved within the European populations and the presence of additional species in the Caribbean Neogene we consider this taxon distinct at full spécifie rank. Trôna trinitatensis (Mansfield, 1925) is found in the early and middle Miocene of Venezuela, Trinidad, and Carriacou, Grenadine Islands, Lesser Antilles. Trôna trinitatensis differs from T. ingrami and T. calhounensis in having a smaller, more elongated shell, in having much less sinuous and narrower aperture, and somewhat more crowded teeth on both labral and columellar sides (see below under Trôna trinitatensis) Trôna ingranti n. sp. Text-figure 3; Figs 58-70 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NMB H18402, height 53.1 mm (Figs 58-60); paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0008, height, 48.2 mm (Figs 61- 64); paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0009, height, 47.2 mm (Figs 65-68); paratype 3 NHMW 2010/0036/0010, height, 49.7 mm (Figs 69-70). Other material. 3 specimens NMB coll.; 18 specimens BL coll.; 1 specimen DFB, no. 6578. Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GSI2PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Figures 58-77 58-6°. Trôna ingrami n. sp. Holotype NMB H18402 (NMB coll.), length 53.1 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 61-64. Trôna ingrami n. sp. Paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0008 (NMMW; ex. BL coll. no. 9), length 48.2 mm. ower shell bed 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, a con 8tate, Venezuela; 65-68. Trôna ingrami n. sp. Paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0009 (NMMW; ex. BL co . no. 10), length 47.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo ?nm/?trr!ailnn,77? U1 a ' Fa ' c ° n State > Venezuela; 69-70. Trôna ingrami n. sp. Paratype 3 NHMW c . . , | ex - BL colb no - 15 )> length 49.7 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa V , le ', a ’ l | t - km West of Puebl ° Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 71-73. Trôna Casa Tanta'' a J^ s Ie d» 1925) NMB H18403 (NMB coll.), length 33.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of tri ni tnt rn, .P 7 West of Pllebl ° Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 74-77. Trôna LTfr o m"" ! ÎV 925 P NHMW 2010/0036/0011 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 33.0 mm. lower shell Venezuela Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, 14 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves NOVAPEX 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Description. Shell medium-sized for genus, solid, subcylindrical to rotund, posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire weakly projecting, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, weakly callused; ventrum flattened, slighlly convex in profile; aperture parasigmoidal, anterior third dilated by hemispherical expansion; siphonal canal deep. abaxially asymmetrical and abapically orthogonally truncated; exhalant channel deeper, limited by parallel lips; four or five anterior columellar teeth, most anterior thinnest, strengthening adapically; other numerous inner teeth parallel, extending deep within the aperture, bituberculate, about 6 mm in length in the columellar area, abrupt, extending a short distance over the angulation of the basal and columellar planes onto the ventrum where they are slightly coarser; terminal ridge obsolète, merged into abapical edge, fringed with denticles from fossula on inner margin; fossula deep, concave, spoon-like, covered by narrow ridges, sometimes interrupted, joining fossular denticulation to anterior columellar teeth; 22-30 labral teeth, anterior third of labral teeth stretched out on constricted, depressed, hemicircular area; remainder heavier, outer lip bevelled inwards, with teeth extending across the bevelled inner portion, 3-4 ram in length; ventral and dorsal zones spotted, marginal callus lighter coloured, under UV light spire blotch présent. Shell Formula. 48.7 (63.0 - 50.1 ) 20: 18 Specimen collection number length width height LT CT holotype (Figs 58-60) NMB H18402 53.1 34.5 29 23 20 NMB lot 17516 35.3 22.4 18.2 22 17 NMB lot 17516 35.7 22 18.7 # # NMB lot 17516 43 26.8 # 23 26 paratype 1 (Figs 61-64) NHMW 2010/0036/0008 48.2 32.6 25.7 23 23 paratype 2 (Figs 65-68) NHMW 2010/0036/0009 47.2 29.7 23.2 23 25 paratype 3 (Figs 69-70) NHMW 2010/0036/0010 49.7 30.4 26.3 25 24 BL coll. 1 57.9 36.7 28.3 26 23 BL coll. 2 56.1 34.6 26.9 27 21 BL coll. 3 55.8 35.4 28.2 27 24 BL coll. 4 58.9 36.3 29.7 24 23 BL coll. 5 57.4 39.4 31.1 23 20 BL coll. 6 55.9 34.3 27.6 23 21 BL coll. 7 55.6 36 29.7 26 23 BL coll. 8 60.2 37.5 29.4 30 ?8 BL coll. 1 1 48.7 30.9 25.1 22 25 BL coll. 12 47.8 31.8 24 23 20 BL coll. 13 45.1 30.6 25 3 23 20 BL coll. 14 44.2 28.2 22 24 22 BL coll. 16 44.8 27.2 20.9 25 26 dL coll. 1 7 51.5 31.4 25 2 ?5 23 BL coll. 18 49.5 32.8 25 3 IA ?1 BL coll. 19 40.1 24.3 18 9 BL coll. 20 37.1 22 17 3 24 If) BL coll. subadult 21 DFB coll. no. 6578 39.5 55.1 25.1 38.4 18.8 30.4 25 24 24 17 Table 5. Dimensions and number of teeth; Trôna ingrami n. sp Text-figure 3 (opposite). Trôna ingrami n sp Paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0008 (NMMW coll.; ex. BL coll. no. 9), length 48.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State Venezuela ’ 16 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 Discussion. Trôna ingrami n. sp. has a rather variable shell shape. The larger specimens tend to be more rotund and broad (Figs 58-64), whereas the smaller specimens hâve a more elongated aspect and a less sinuous aperture, but intermediate specimens also occur (see Text-figure 4). The single living représentative of the genus Trôna stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) distributed today along the coast of tropical West Africa also has a variable shell shape (Lorenz & Hubert, 2000; pl. 11 ). Dolin ( 1991 ) hints at sexual dimorphism in the species without elaborating, however, in Cypraeidae as well as in Ovulidae male shells tend to be smaller than females. height/length Trôna ingrami ♦ length/width ■ length/height -Linear (length/height) Linear (length/width) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 length Text-figure 4. Height/ Length; Trôna ingrami n. sp. Dolin (1991) describes a light-weight shell with uncallused margins, whereas the Cantaure shells are very solid with a weakly developed marginal callus. His description and figure clearly show the labral teeth to be restricted to the inside of the aperture, whereas the teeth in T. ingrami extend a short distance over the basal plane onto the ventrum where they become somewhat coarser. On the labral side the teeth abapically are described as short, whereas in T. ingrami the outer iip is bevelled inwards with the teeth extending across the bevelled inner portion. The fossula in T. ingrami has few elongated denticles which tend to be continuous and rarely tubercles as compared to the specimens of T. calhounensis figured by Dolin (1991) (fig. 22a) which has the fossula crowded with interrupted ridges and elongated tubercles. Etymology. Named for William Marcus Ingram in récognition of his pioneering work on Caribbean Neogene cypraeids. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. Trôna trinitatensis (Mansfield, 1925) Text-figure 5; Figs 71-77 1925 Cypraea trinitatensis Mansfield, p. 49, pl. 8, fig. 10. 1939 Trôna (Macrocypraea) trinitatensis Mansfield, 1925 - Schilder (partim?), p. 30, fig. 32. 1947 Cypraea fossula Ingram, p. 4 (128), pl. 1 (8), fig. 3. 1971 Macrocypraea cervinetta fossula Ingram, 1947 - Schilder & Schilder, p. 33. 1971 Macrocypraea trinitatensis Mansfield, 1925 - Schilder & Schilder (partim?), p. 164. 71971 Macrocypraea aff. zébra (Linné) - Jung, p. 181, pl. 8, figs 1-3. 1993 Macrocypraea trinitatensis (Mansfield, 1925) - Lorenz & Herbert, pl. 121, fig. 3. 2000 Macrocypraea trinitatensis (Mansfield, 1925) - Lorenz & Herbert, pl. 121, fig. 3. 2004 Luria (Tessellata) fossula (Ingram, 1947) - Dolin & Lozouet, p. 20. Material. 1 specimen NMB H18403, NMB coll. (Figs 71-73); 1 specimen NHMW 2010/0036/0011, NHMW coll. (ex. BL coll.) (Figs 74-77). Holotype of C. fossula ; UCMP 35536. 17 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Description. Shell small for genus, solid, subcylindrical, weakly posteriorly swollen, spire projecting, covered by adapical callus; sides angular to rounded, callused; ventrum almost fiat; aperture weakly parasigmoidal, anterior third dilated by hemispherical expansion; siphonal canal deep, abaxially asymmetrical and abapically orthogonally truncated; exhalant channel deeper, Iimited by paraliel lips; four anterior columellar teeth; other numerous inner teeth paraliel, extending deep within the aperture, bituberculate, abrupt, not extending over the angulation onto the ventrum; terminal ridge obsolète, merged into abapical edge. fringed with denticles from fossula on inner margin; fossula deep, concave, spoon-like, covered by narrow ridges, sometimes interrupted, joining fossular denticulation to anterior columellar teeth; 22-27 labral teeth, anterior third of labral teeth stretched out on constricted, depressed, hemicircular area; remainder heavier, outer lip bevelled inwards, with teeth extending across the bevelled inner portion; no colour pattern preserved, under UV light spots présent on marginal callus. Shell Formula. 33.2 (55.8 - 44.0) 22: 20 specimen collection number length Width height LT CT Figs 71-73 NMB II18403 33.3 18.8 15.3 22 21 Figs 74-77 NHMW 2010/0036/0011 33.0 18.3 13.9 27 22 Figs 33-36 UCMP 35536 43.0 26.0 21.0 27 19 Table 6. Dimensions and number of teeth; Trôna trinitatensis n. sp. Text-figure 5. Trôna trinitatensis (Mansfïeld, 1925) NMB H18403 (NMB coll.), length 33.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. The holotype of Trôna trinitatensis (Mansfïeld. 1925) is an internai niould collected from the Guaracara Limestone Member of the late early to early middle Miocene Tamana Formation of Trinidad and is difficult to identify with any certainty. According to Jung (1971), ail the other specimens from Trinidad recorded by Schilder (1939) are also internai moulds. Schilder (1939) also identified specimens from the middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou as Trôna (Macrocypraea) trinitatensis. According to Jung (1971) it was unlikely that the Carriacou shells were conspecific with those from Trinidad and that the larger Carriacou shells were doser to the living Macrocypraea zébra. According to Jung they differed ‘morphologically’ from the shells from T. trinitatensis from Trinidad, but he did not specify what these différences were. Figures 78-95 78-81. Propustularia longidentata n. sp. Flolotype NFIMW 2010/0036/0012 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 15.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 82-85. Propustularia longidentata n. sp. Paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0013 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 14.5 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 86-87. Propustularia longidentata n. sp. Paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0014 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 12.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 88-91. Propustulariaparaguanensis n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0015 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 17.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. 92-93. Propustularia paraguanensis n. sp. Paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0016 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 1 7.8 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 94-95. Propustularia paraguanensis n. sp. Paratype 2 NHMW -010/0036/0017 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 16.1 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. 18 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 19 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Although ascribed by various authors to the genus Macrocypraea, Cypraea trinitatensis belongs within the genus Trôna (see generic discussion above). Unfortunately the fossula is covered by matrix in the Schilder (1939) and Jung (1965) specimen from Carriacou, however, the shape of the dilated hemispherical expansion on anterior third ot the aperture and the absence of spines on the siphonal canal indicate they are also Trôna. Trôna trinitatensis differs from T. ingratni by its smallcr shell (at least in Cantaure, although the Trinidad and Carriacou shells are larger), more elongated cylindrical shape, much less sinuous and narrower aperture, and somewhat more crowded teeth on both labral and columellar sides. The re-illustration of the holotype of Cypraea fossula Ingram, 1947 (Figs 33-36) clearly show it to belong within the genus Trôna and not Luria as suggested by Dolin (1991) and Dolin & Lozouet (2004). The shell is slightly broader than our other two specimens of T. trinitatensis , but less inflated than T. ingrami, also the columellar density is slightly less than typical T. trinitatensis, but probably within the variability of this species. We therefore consider C. fossula a junior subjective synonym of T. trinitatensis. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela; Tamana Formation, Trinidad. Middle Miocene: Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou. Subfamily EROSARIINAE Schilder, 1924 Genus Propustularia Schilder, 1927 Type species: Cypraea surinamensis Perry, 1811, by original désignation. Discussion. Schilder (1939) and Schilder & Schilder (1971) assigned a small group of tropical American cypraeids to the genus Pustularia Swainson, 1840 (ie., P. mejasensis, P. americana , P. caribaea ail Schilder, 1939, and C. gurabonis Ingram, 1939). However, their shells do not conform to the generic characteristics of the Recent Indo-Pacific Pustularia species. The fossil taxa ail hâve shells with far less pronounced rostration of the extremities which do not carry the spines so characteristic of the Recent species. Lorenz (1999) also observed that the posterior extremity composed of a callus-accumulation and two marginal spines formed by the posterior terminal ridges, seen in the Recent species, is not found in any of the Caribbean fossil species assigned by Schilder & Schilder (1971) to Pustularia. The fossula is narrow and smooth in ail Recent Pustularia species, whereas it is denticulate in the Neogene Caribbean species. Most of this group of species share more shell characteristics with the genus Propustularia Schilder, 1927, which is today represented by a single taxon Propustularia surinamensis (Perry, 1811) found in the Caribbean. Propustularia is characterised by pyriform-inflated shells, with somewhat rostrate extremities, a weakly produced spire and fine teeth. Pustularia americana (holotype; Figs 147-150), on the other hand, shows the shell characteristics of the genus Erosaria Schilder, 1924. Lorenz (1999) and Lorenz & Hubert (2000) synonymised Propustularia with Pi oadusta Sacco 1894, and suggested Pustularia might hâve evolved from Proadusta- like forms. Propustularia longidentata n. sp. (herein) also shares some shell characteristics with the deep water Indo-Pacific and southeast African genus Nesiocypraea Azuma & Kurohara, 1967, particularly the species N. lisetae Kilbum, 1972. These characteristics include globular shape, distinctly curved aperture in the posterior third, denticulate fossula, and a callus bridge, in Nesiocypraea connecting both, labral and columellar teeth. In Nesiocypraea , how'ever, the teeth are short and do not extend onto the ventrum or outer lip. Meyer's (2004) molecular work on cypraeids placed the clade consisting of Propustularia, Nesiocypraea and Ipsa as basal to ail cowries. Propustularia longidentata n. sp. Text-figure 6; Figs 78-87 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NHMW 2010/0036/0012, height 15.2 mm (Figs 78-81); paratype 1; NHMW 2010/0036/0013, height 14.5 mm (Figs 82-85); paratype 2; NHMW 2010/0036/0014, height 12.2 mm (Figs 86-87). Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Description. Shell small for genus, fragile, globular, posteriorly swollen, spire weakly projecting, covered by adapical callus, extremities moderately projecting; sides rounded, moderately callused, lip marginal callus sharply delimited and slightly raised; ventrum flattened, convex in profile; aperture narrow, edges parallel, conspicuously curved to the left in the posterior third; siphonal canal moderately long, externally barely margined; exhalant channel moderately produced, strongly bent adaxially, externally barely margined; terminal ridge well- developed, tooth-like at its inner extremity; fossula narrow, hardly delimited from the rest of the columella, bearing narrow elongated extensions of the labral teeth; teeth on both sides well developed, 21-22 columellar teeth, anterior columellar teeth fused at the angulation, forming an elevated vertical callus bridge, mid-height the teeth weaken or subobsolete, again strongly developed in the posterior portion, teeth extending onto the ventrum especially in the anterior and posterior portions, inwards the teeth hardly extend onto the columella, columella smooth; 20-23 labral 20 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 teeth extending just over half ot the labral width. No dorsal sulcus, pustules or pitting présent. Colour pattern not preserved, under UV light suggestion of large spots on the dorsum. Shell Formula. 14.0 (66.4 - 55.7) 26: 26 Specimen collection number length width height LT CT Holotype (Figs 78-81 ) NHMW 2010/0036/0012 15.2 10.8 8.7 20 22 Paratype 1 (Figs 82-85) NHMW 2010/0036/0013 14.5 9.4 (distorted) 8.3 23 21 Paratype 2 (Figs 86-87) NHMW 2010/0036/0014 12.2 7.6 6.5 20 21 Table 7. Dimensions and number of teeth; Propustularia longidentala n. sp. Text-figure 6. Propustularia longidentata n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0012 (NMMW coll.; ex. BL coll.), length 15.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. Several Neogene Caribbean forms hâve been described. Pustularia mejasensis Schilder, 1939 from Trinidad is represented by a single internai mould. However, because it is impossible to détermine what taxon this represents it should be considered nomen dubiurn. Pustularia americana Schilder, 1939 from the early Miocene of Cuba has a more solid shell, with less produced, extremities, wider siphonal channel, fewer columellar and labral teeth, which on the columellar side to not extend onto the ventrum and pustules on the dorsum adjacent to the labral marginal callus, and is better placed in the genus Erosaria. Propustularia caribaea (Schilder, 1939) (holotype; Figs 151-154) from the early Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou is extremely similar to P. longidentata [shell formula 13.5 (64 - 50) 28: 23], but no bridge is developed between the anterior columellar teeth. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela Propustularia paraguanensis n. sp. Text-figure 7; Figs 88-95 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NHMW 2010/0036/0015, lieight 17.2 mm (Figs 88-91); paratype 1; NHMW 2010/0036/0016, height 17.8 mm (Figs 92-93); paratype 2; NHMW 2010/0036/0017, height 16.1 mm (Figs 94-95). Type Iocality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Description. Shell small for genus, solid, globular, weakly swollen posteriorly, spire involute, covered by adapical callus, extremities weakly projecting; sides rounded, nioderately callused, lip marginal callus sharply delimited and slightly thickened; ventrum flattened, weakly convex in profile; aperture narrow, edges parai lel, conspicuously curved to the left in the posterior third; siphonal canal moderately long, externally barely margined; exhalant channel moderately produced, strongly bent adaxially, externally barely margined; terminal ridge well- developed, tooth-like at its inner extremity; fossula narrow, weakly delimited from the rest of the columella, labral teeth extend across the fossula as elevated ridges and form teeth again at the inner edge of the fossula; 19-20 short columellar teeth, not extending past the angulation onto the ventrum; 20-22 labral teeth extending less than half of the labral width. No dorsal sulcus, pustules or pitting présent. Colour pattern not preserved, under UV light suggestion large irregular spots on the posterior portion of the dorsum, the spots much wider than the distance between them. Etymology. named for the long teeth, seen especially Shell Formula. 17.0 (67.1 - 51.8) 25: 22 in the holotype. 21 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela specimen collection number length width height LT CT Holotype (Figs 88-91 ) NHMW 2010/0036/0015 17.2 1 1.7 9.1 20 19 Paratype 1 (Figs 92-93) NHMW 2010/0036/0016 17.8 1 1.5 9.0 22 20 Paratype 2 (Figs 94-95) NHMW 2010/0036/0017 16.1 11.0 8.3 22 20 Table 8. Dimensions and number of teeth; Propustularia paraguanensis n. sp. Text-fïgure 7. Propustularia paraguanensis n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0015 (NMMW coll.; ex. BL coll.), length 17.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. Propustularia paraguanensis n. sp. differs from P. longidentata n. sp. in its less posteriorly swollen shell shape, more strongly sculptured fossula and shorter teeth on both labral and columellar sides. There is no trace of the callus bridge so prominently developed in P. longidentata. Propustularia bartschi (Ingram, 1939) (holotype; Figs 155-156) from the early Pleistocene of Costa Rica is rnost similar to paratype 2 of P. paraguanensis (Figs 94-95) in overall shape but the widest portion of the shell is more posterior in P. bartschi. The dentition seems to be the same in ail of the figured type specimens but the aperture is most similar to paratype 1 (Figs 92-93). In the latéral views P. bartschi is much more tapered towards the anterior than P. paraguanensis. Etymology. named after the Paraguanâ Peninsula, location of the Cantaure deposits. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela Subfamily ZONARIINAE Schilder, 1932 Genus Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884 Type species: Cypraea zonaria Gmelin, 1791, by original désignation. Zonaria is tranditonally assigned to the subfamily Erroneinae Schilder, 1927. However, based on mitochondrial molecular data Meyer (2004) demonstrated that the genus belongs within a separate group; Zonariinae Schilder, 1932. Zonaria is characterized by species with oval to pyriform, small to moderate-sized shells, the teeth are fine and widely spaced, the fossula is much reduced, the columellar area is smooth, the callus collar surrounding the siphonal canal is well-developed and the colour pattern consists of marginal spotting and a dorsum with irregular or interrupted mottled banding. Zonaria has been known in Europe since the early Miocene and is distributed today in the Mediterranean and West Africa (Lorenz & Hubert, 2000). Groves (1997) reported the genus in the Pacific tropical American Neogene assemblages with the description of Z. pittorum Groves, 1997 (holotype; Figs 157-158) from the early Pliocène Esmeraldas beds of the Onzole Formation of Ecuador. Later Groves & Nielsen (2003) described Z. frassinetti (Figs 159-160) from the early late Miocene, Tortonian of Chile which is here reassigned to the genus Pseudozonaria. There is an additional species of Zonaria from the Neogene of the Dominican Republic, which awaits publication (BL coll.; unpublished data). The genus has also been recorded from the middle Miocene of the Madeira Archipelago (Lorenz & Groh, 1998). Figures 96-111 96-99. Zonariapingata n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0018 (NMMW; ex. BL coll.), length 45.8 mm. lower s e bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 100-103. Pseudozonariapraeaequinoctialis n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0019 (NMMW, ex. BL coll.), length j 2.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west u i UË ff 0 ’ ^ ara ë uan:l Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 104-107. Pseudozonaria primarobertsi n. sp. ^ * 8364 (NMB coll.), length 22.7 mm. lower shell bed, I km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 108-111. Pseudozonaria I l imaio ieitsi n. sp. Paratype 1 NMB H18365 (NMB coll.), length 21.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of uasa Lantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. 22 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves NOVAPEX 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 23 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela The “ Pseudozonaria " group, which is characterised by its elongate-oval shells with well developed, often sharp eut teeth, densely spotted margins, freckled dorsum and prominent extremities, is closely related. Groves (1997) considered Pseudozonaria a subgenus of Zonaria ; Lorenz & Hubert (2000) used “ Pseudozonaria ” as an informai group within Zonaria; Landau & Silva (2010) considered the two separate at full generic rank. Pseudozonaria has a fossil record in the tropical American Neogene and is today restricted to the Pacific side of its original wider distribution (i.e. western side of Central America), and is an example of a Paciphile taxon (Woodring, 1966; Landau et al., 2009). Zonaria pingata n. sp. Text-figure 8; Figs 96-99 Dimensions and type material. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0018, height 45.8 mm (Figs 96-99). Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Description. Shell medium-sized for genus, solid, ovate-pyriform, posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire weakly projecting, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, strongly callused; callus ascending above mid-height, its highest point at the dorsal hump; ventrum flattened, slightly convex in profile; aperture weakly sigmoidal; siphonal canal long, abaxially asymmetrical and recurved, extemally surrounded by thick callus collar; exhalant channel weakly bent adaxially, externally surrounded by thick adapical callus; terminal ridge well-developed. tooth-like at its inner extremity; fossula smooth, rnarked by small dépréssion; three anterior columellar teeth, most anterior thinnest, adapically 14 short, stout, parallel, well-spaced inner teeth, ending abruptly at the basal and columellar planes, not extending onto the ventrum nor the aperture; columella smooth; 20 heavy, regularly-spaced labral teeth; Ventral and marginal zones spotted, marginal callus lighter coloured, dorsum golden-brown with orange watermark-like stains placed in irregular bands. Shell Formula. 45.8 (67.9-58.0) 17: 14 Specimen collection number length width height LT CT Holotype (Figs 96-99) NHMW 2010/0036/0018 45.8 31.1 26.1 20 17 Table 9. Dimensions and number of teeth; Zonaria pingata n. sp. Text-figure 8. Zonaria pingata n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0018 (NHMW coll.; ex. BL coll.), length 45.8 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of C asa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. Zonaria pingata n. sp. is described based on a single beautifully preserved specimen and is extremely rare in the Cantaure Formation. The Cantaure Formation shell differs from the early Pliocène Esmeraldas Formation Z. pittorum in being more globose rather than pyriform in shape, the posterior portion of the aperture is more twisted to the left in Z. pittorum and the teeth are longer on both sides in Z. pittorum. The shell formula of the two is very similar (Z. pittorum : 40.1 (68.0 -52.1) 17:15). Zonaria pingata is most similar to Z. zonaria (Gmelin, 1791), the type-species of the genus, but has a more ovate shell, the inner lip teeth are shorter and stouter and the siphonal canal is more recurved. The Recent Mediterranean and West African Zonaria pyrum (Gmelin, 1791) is similar in shape, but the anterior third of the aperture is expanded, the inner lip teeth are again longer and the margins are unifonu orange without spots. The Mediterranean Pliocène Zonaria porcellus (Brocchi, 1814) is easily separated by its more elongate-pyriform shape and much finer teeth, which on the inner lip become obsolète adapically. Etymology. From Latin for stained Zonaria. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. 24 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. Text-figure 9; Figs 132-139 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NMB H18360, height 27.2 mm (Figs 132-135); paratype 1 NHMW 2010/0036/0022, height, 26.4 mm (Figs 136- 137); paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0023, height, 22.2 mm (Figs 138-139). Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Description. Shell medium-sized, solid, pyriform, posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire involute, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, moderately callused, callus ascending to 'A-'A shell height; ventrum weakly convex in profile; margination (sensu Dolin & Lozouet, 2004) prominent, giving the left anterior terminal a pinched appearance; aperture of medium width, anterior portion almost straight, posteriorly curving to the left, anterior portion very slightly wider; siphonal canal relatively long, narrow, abaxially asymmetrical; exhalant channel moderately produced, linrited by parallel lips; columella denticulate along entire length, bearing 22-23 short denticles, which extend as folds a short distance onto the columella peristome and a short distance across the angulation onto the ventrum; anterior portion of angulation swollen and ridge like, overhanging the fossula; anterior columellar teeth more prominent; inner % of columella peristome smooth; terminal fold oblique (sensu Schilder & Schilder, 1938), separated from the columellar teeth by a deep groove, moderately developed, bordering the siphonal canal, small internai lamina (sensu Dolin & Lozouet, 2004); fossula relatively well developed but poorly delimited, concave, very steep, ridges originating from the anterior columellar teeth run onto the fossula, become obsolète mid-fossula, which is smooth, strengthening again at the inner edge to forrn inner teeth; 20-27 short labral teeth developed at the lip edge, hardly running onto the labrum. Traces of spotted colour pattern preserved on the dorsum, enhanced under UV light. Shell Formula. 25.3 (65.1 - 50.1) 23: 22 specimen collection number length Width height LT CT Holotype (Figs 132-135) NMB H18360 27.2 17.5 14.1 27 23 Paratype 1 (Figs 136-137) NHMW 2010/0036/0022 26.4 17.4 12.3 23 22 Paratype 2 (Figs 138-139) NHMW 2010/0036/0023 22.2 14.5 11.6 20 22 Table 10. Dimensions and number of teeth; Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. Text-figure 9. Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. Holotype NMB H18360 (NMB coll.), length 27.2 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. Discussion. Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. is closely similar to the early Miocene Z. tumulus (Heilprin, 1886) from the Chipola Formation of Florida, but differs in having a less globose shell, the anterior portion of the aperture is less expanded, the outer lip is not sinuous and the fossula is not as wide nor as strongly ridged as in Z. tumulus. Zonaria spurcoides (Gabb, 1873) (lectotype; Figs 161-164) from the early Miocene Baitoa Formation (Figs 140-143), early Pliocène Gurabo Formation of the Dominican Republic, and early Miocene Chipola Formation of Florida (Dolin, 1991) is even more similar, but differs most notably in the character of the anterior portion of the columella and anterior left terminal; in Z. pseudotumulus the anterior portion of the angulation is markedly swollen, overhanging the fossula, the strong anterior teeth extend a short distance over the fossula and are obsolète mid-fossula in the paratypes, in the holotype the anterior two ridges run right across the fossula, although weakened. In Z. spurcoides the anterior portion of the angulation is not as swollen, the columellar teeth are wider spaced and continuous across the fossula as narrow ridges joining the columellar teeth at the angulation with the teeth at the inner edge of the fossula. In Z. pseudotumulus the anterior left terminal has a pinched and somewhat B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela twisted appearance, constricted between the groove between the anterior terminal and first columellar tooth on the ventral side and the indented margination on the dorsum. This feature is not seen in Z. spurcoides. The fossula is also flatter in Z. pseudotumulus. Etymology. Named reflecting similarity to Cypraea tumulus from the early Miocene Chipola Formation of Florida. Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. Subfamily PSEUDOZONARIINAE Genus Pseudozonaria Schilder, 1927. Type species Cypraea arabicu/a Lamarck, 1810, original désignation. The “ Pseudozonaria ” group is characterised by its elongate-oval shells with well developed, often sharp eut teeth, densely spotted margins and freckled dorsum and prominent extremities. Today the group is represented by five tropical American Pacific species; P. aequinoctialis (Schilder, 1931), P. annettae (Dali, 1909), P. arabicula (Lamarck, 1810), P. nigropuctata (Gray, 1828), and P. robertsi (Hidalgo, 1906) (Lorenz & Hubert, 2000; Meyer, 2003, 2004). Several fossil species belonging to Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884 and Pseudozonaria Schilder, 1927 hâve been described from the Gatunian Neogene. Zonaria and Pseudozonaria are closely related groups, and not ail cypraeid specialists are in agreement as to their rank or which species belong in which of the two groups. Groves (1997) considered Pseudozonaria a subgenus of Zonaria ; Lorenz & Hubert (2000) use “Pseudozonaria ” as an informai group within Zonaria , and Landau & Silva (2010) considered both valid généra. Lôpez Soriano (2006) justified the séparation of a new subfamily Pseudozonariinae from the Zonariinae Schilder, 1932 based on molecular data (Meyer, 2004), anatomical différences of the mande and papillae, and some small différences in shell morphology. They also hâve distinct geographical distributions; Pseudozonariinae are tropical American, today restricted to the western side of Central America; Zonariinae are known since the Miocene in Europe and Recent of West Africa (Lorenz & Hubert, 2000 ). Pseudozonaria praeaequinoctialis n. sp. Text-figure 10; Figs 100-103 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NHMW 2010/0036/0019, height 32.3 mm (Figs 100-103). Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Description. Shell of medium size and thickness for genus, inflated pyriform, posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire weakly projecting, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, moderately callused; ventrum flattened, convex in profile; aperture relatively wide and straight, posteriorly curving to the left, anterior portion much wider; siphonal canal narrow, abaxially asymmetrical; exhalant channel hardly produced, limited by parallel lips; Columella denticulate along entire length, bearing 19 sharp, narrow denticles, which extend as folds onto the columella peristome within the aperture, but not onto the ventrum with the exception of the three adapical denticles, which extend a short distance over the angulation onto the ventrum; terminal fold marginal, bordering the siphonal canal, where it is strengthened and keel-like, separated from the columellar teeth by a deep groove; fossula small, weakly concave, very steep, poorly delimited from the rest of the columella, bearing ridges which do not extend to the smooth inner edge; 20 very short, sharp labial teeth, developed at the inner edge, but not extending onto the labrum; labrurn moderately thickened in the médial portion. A suggestion of a spotted marginal colour pattern and dorsal banding is preserved, this pattern enhanced under UV light. Shell Formula. 32.3 (65.9 - 51.3) 18: 18 Figures 112-127 112-115. Pseudozonariaprimarobertsi n. sp. Paratype 3 NMB H18359 (NMB coll.), length 28.9 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 116-119. Pseudozonaria primarobertsi n. sp. Paratype 6 NMB H18366 (NMB coll.), length -4.8 mm. lowei shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 120-123. Pseudozonaria primarobertsi n. sp. Paratype 5 NMB H18363 (NMB coll.), length 25.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo mP eninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela; 124-127. Pseudozonariafalconensis n. sp. Holotype ^8 (NMB coll.), length 16.5 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west ot Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn, State Venezuela. 26 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 27 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Specimen collection number length width height LT CT Holotype (Figs 100-103) NHMW 2010/0036/0019 32.3 21.3 16.6 20 19 Table 11. Dimensions and number of teeth; Pseudozonaria praeaequinoctialis n. sp. Text-fîgure 10 . Pseudozonaria praeaequinoctialis n. sp. Holotype NHMW 2010/0036/0019 (NHMW coll.; ex. BL coll.), length 32.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. the widest aperture of any of the group and the least number of teeth, especially on the columellar side where they are obsolète on the posterior portion of the columella (shell formula for Z. jfrassinetti; 28.1 (62.2- 44.5) 13: 4). Etymology. Combination of before = ‘prae’ and equinoctial = ‘aequinoctialis’[Latin], Geological and geographical distribution. Lower Miocene: Cantaure Formation, Venezuela. Pseudozonariaprimarobertsi n. sp. Text-llgure 11; Figs 104-123 Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NMB H18364, length 22.7 mm (Figs 104-107); paratype 1 NMB H18365, length, 21.3 mm (Figs 108-111); paratype 2 NMB H18367, length, 24.7 mm; paratype 3 NMB H18359, length, 28.9 mm (Figs 112-115); paratype 4 NMB H18361, length, 24.4 mm; paratype 5 NMB H18363, length, 25.3 mm (Figs 120-123); paratype 6 NMB H18366, length, 24.8 mm (Figs 116- 119). Discussion. Pseudozonaria praeaequinoctialis n. sp. is clearly the predecessor of the Pseudozonaria annettae- group now living in the tropical American Pacific. This group is characterised by their very short teeth and wide apertures. In the Recent faunas two species/subspecies are recognised, which we prefer to recognise at full species level, a northern form, P. annettae (Dali, 1909) found along the Pacific coast of Mexico, and a Southern form P. aequinoctialis (Schilder, 1933) from Panama to Ecuador. The northem form is easily separated from P. praeaequinoctialis having a much more elongated- pyri form shell shape. The Southern form differs from the northem form in having a heavier, broader shell with slightly coarser teeth, and therefore is doser to the tossil species. Pseudozonaria praeaequinoctialis ditters from P. aequinoctialis in having an even broader shell (width/height 59.1 vs 65.9 in P. praeaequinoctialis ) and in having considerably fewer columellar denticles (CT = 14 vs. 18 in P praeaequinoctialis). Zonaria frassinetti Groves & Nielsen, 2003 fi-, the early late Miocene, Tortonian of Chile is h reassigned to the Pseudozonaria annettae-grc characterised by its very wide aperture and wid spaced and sharp denticles. In Pseudozona . rassinetti these features are exaggerated, so that it 1 Other material. 20 specimens BL coll. Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian). Desci iption. Shell small, solid, oval-depressed to cylindrical-pyriform, posteriorly swollen, in latéral Profile dorsal curvature regularly attenuated abapically, spire involute, covered by adapical callus; sides rounded, strongly to moderately callused, callus ascending to 'A-'A shell height; ventrum flattened, very weakly convex at the extremities; aperture of medium width, parasigmoida), posteriorly strongly curving to the left, anterior portion very slightly wider; siphonal canal narrow, abaxially asymmetrical; exhalant channel weakly produced, deep, limited by parallel lips, columella denticulate along entire length, bearing 16-22 coarse, elevated denticles, which extend as folds onto the columella peristome and a very short distance over the angulation onto the ventrum, anterior two columellar teeth larger and often fused or partially so; terminal fold strongly developed and elevated, 28 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 bordering the siphonal canal, where it is strengthened and keel-like with a prominent, elevated internai lamina (sensu Dolin & Lozouet, 2004), separated from the columellar teeth by a deep groove; fossula hardly developed and poorly delimited from the rest of the columella, very steep, bearing ridges which extend to the inner edge, ending in a denticle; 20-24 coarse labral teeth, outer lip bevelled inwards, with teeth extending across the bevelled inner portion and a short distance onto the labrum. A suggestion of a fine, messy spotted marginal colour pattern is preserved in sorne specimen, enhanced under UV light. Shell Formula, ‘cylindrical-pyriform morphotype’; 23.0 (65.8-51.7) 22: 18 Specimen collection number length width height LT CT holotype (Figs 104-107) NMB H18364 22,7 15,3 11,7 20 16 paratype 1 (Figs 108-111) NMB H18365 21,3 13,9 11,1 21 19 paratype 2 NMB H18367 24,7 15,8 12,6 21 18 paratype 3 (Figs 112-115) NMB H18359 28,9 17,7 13,1 22 18 BL coll. 1 29,2 18,5 14,3 23 17 BL coll. 2 20,7 14,4 11,4 21 19 BL coll. 3 25,1 16,3 13,1 20 18 BL coll. 4 18,8 12,3 9,8 22 18 BL coll. 5 21,4 14,1 11,2 20 16 BL coll. 6 21,7 13,9 10,9 21 18 BL coll. 7 22,6 15,2 11,9 23 18 BL coll. 8 20,1 14,5 11,5 22 18 BL coll. 9 21,9 15,6 12,1 20 18 BL coll. 10 22,7 14,4 11,8 21 16 BL coll. 11 23,3 15,2 11,9 20 17 Table 12a. Dimensions and number of teeth; Pseudozonariaprimarobertsi n. sp., ‘cylindrical-pyriform morphotype’. Shell Formula, ‘oval-depressed morphotype’; 23.8 (71.1 -54.0) 22: 20 Specimen collection number length width height LT CT paratype 4 NMB H18361 24,4 18 13,4 23 20 paratype 5 (Figs 120-123) NMB H18363 25,3 18 14,2 21 22 paratype 6 (Figs 116-119) NMB H18366 24,8 17,1 12,6 22 20 BL coll. 1 27,3 20,7 15,2 22 21 BL coll. 2 23,1 16,3 11,7 24 21 BL coll. 3 22,2 15,3 11,4 22 20 BL coll. 4 22,9 16,6 12,1 20 21 BL coll. 5 24,8 17,3 14 23 19 BL coll. 6 27 18,8 14,4 20 18 BL coll. 7 23 15,9 12,5 22 18 BL coll. 8 19,8 14,3 10,8 21 18 BL coll. 9 21,4 14,8 12 20 22 Table 12b. Dimensions and number of teeth; Pseudozonaria primarobertsi n. sp., ‘oval-depressed morphotype’. Text-figure 11 (opposite). Pseudozonaria primarobertsi n. sp.. Paratype 1 NMB Fil8365 (NMB coll.), length 21.3 mm. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, Falcôn State, Venezuela. 29 B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves Cypraeidae from the early Miocene of northem Venezuela Discussion. Pseudozonaria primarobertsi n. sp. is the most common cypraeid in the Cantaure Formation. Two morphotypes occur; a ‘cylindrical-pyritoim morphotype’ and an ‘oval-dcpressed morphotype . Apart from the différence in shell shape the ‘oval- depressed morphotype' tends to hâve one or two more columellar teeth than the ‘cylindrical-pyriform morphotype’ and the teeth in general tend to be somewhat less coarse and elevated in the ‘oval- depressed morphotype’, however, the character of the strong terminal ridge, very weakly developed fossula and ridged columellar peristome is the same in both morphotypes. Moreover, a fair number of specimens could not be clearly ascribed to one or other morphotypes. The différences seen in the two morphotypes could indicate sexual dimorphism. 15 20 25 height 30 1,70 Pseudozonaria sp. O o cylindrical-pyriform O O O ° morphotype | 1,50 O % é> ° O ■ oval-depressed > <>■■■ 1 ■ morphotype ■§) 1,40 ■> O." " Parker, R. H. and J. R. Curray. 1956. Fauna and bathymetry of banks on continental shelf, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 40: 2428- 2439. Stetson, Fl. C. 1953. The sédiments of the western Gulf of Mexico. Part I - The continental terrace of the western Gulf of Mexico. Its surface sédiments, origin and development, Papers in Physical Oceanography and meteorology of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Ploie Océanographie Institute 12(4)1-45. Williams, H. F. 1951. The Gulf of Mexico adjacent to Texas. Texas Journal of Science 3(2): 237-250. 62 Y.Terryn NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 63-72, 10 octobre 201 A new species, a lost type and its forgotten name and more terebrid discoveries in the Caribbean (Gastropoda: Terebridae) Yves TERRYN Scientific Associate MNHN & RB1NS Kapiteinstraat 27, 9000 Gent, Belgium yves@naturalart.be KEY WORDS. Terebridae, Caribbean, Western Atlantic, Guadeloupe, Terebra (s. 1.) lamyi sp. nov., Terebra limatula, shell morphology, biodiversity. ABSTRACT. A small collection of terebrid specimens from Guadeloupe is discussed, with the description of a new species Terebra (s. I.) lamyi sp. nov. and the history of the taxon Terebra limatula Dali, 1889 is extensively researched. INTRODUCTION While examining specimens of the new species hereafter described, several terebrid experts were asked for an opinion as to their identity. One responded that the typical reticulated/beaded sculpture is a feature typically seen in deeper water species from the Caribbean and adjacent areas. Although it bore almost no resemblance to any known species, he advised the author to study also the “forgotten species” Terebra limatula Dali, 1889a as the new shell could well match its very short description. As mentioned by Bratcher & Cemohorsky (1987), the type was thought to be lost and in fact the original description offers little discriminative help, so this investigative lead was easily rejected. It wasn’t until a quick search in the online type database of the USNM was performed that specimens were found logged as Terebra limatula. This contradicted earlier report and prompted further investigation. Not only was there more than one syntype but the shells were actually présent in the type collection and fitted the description and each were identical with one another. The présent paper tries to clarify the situation, and its effects. Material and methods Ail specimens from Guadeloupe were collected by Mr Dominique Lamy and résidé in his private collection unless otherwise mentioned. Ail pictures of these specimens were taken by the collecter, with the exception of the new species Terebra (s. 1.) lamyi sp. nov. which were taken by the author. Ail pictures of type material held in the USNM were provided by Ellen Strong. Ail pictures of type material held in the ANSP were provided by Paul Callomon. Abbreviations ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA 1NV: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Santa Maria, Colombia MCZ: Muséum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, MA, USA MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France MZUSP: Museu Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil RBINS: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bmssels, Belgium USNM: United States Nation Muséum - The Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, USA DL: Private collection Dominique Lamy, Guadeloupe YT: Private collection of Yves Terryn, Belgium Ancient history W. H. Dali (1889a: 66) described the species Terebra ( Acus ) limatula in the reports of the Albatross-ex pedition to the Caribbean. The type locality was not actually given but he enumerated a list of localities as ‘habitat’: “ Barbados, 100fins; Gulf of Mexico at Station 36, in 84 fins.; Bahamas, west of North Bemini (sic!), in 200 fins (Dr. Rush); US Fish Commission Station 2402, in the Gulf of Mexico, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Fia., in 111 fms., mud; and Station 2610, 24 miles S. E. from Cape Lookout on the Carolina coast, in 22 fms., sand, bottom température 79°.0F Dali mentioned no total number of specimens he had before him and only lists the size of a specimen as being 18.0 mm long, 3.5 mm wide and with 14 whorls. The actual description of its discriminative features is a bit scattered throughout the manuscript: in a key and in the actual short description, and can be summarized as follows: Shell small, acute, elongate, columella not keeled, whorls fiat. Strongly cancellate sculpture and nodulose at the interstices, about 18-20 costae on the body whorl. Subsutural band nodulose and 2-4 spiral rows of nodules on the remainder of the whorl. Color white to pale buff. Dali furthermore mentioned the possible need to distinguish the specimens coming from ‘more North’ 63 Y. Terryn A new terebrid species from the Caribbean i.e. South Carolina, USA as var. acrior, defined as having only 2-3 spiral rows that are not as strongly sculptured. After its description the taxon was rarely used again, often in faunistie lists, only twice crudely figured e.g. Dali, 1889b: 94; Dali & Simpson, 1901: pl. 29, fig. N; de Jong & Kristensen, 1965: 47; Warmke & Abbott, 1962: 133 (as var. acrior)-, Abbott, 1968: 164 (as a subspecies of Terebra protexta ); Kaicher, 1981: card 2710 (“holotype” of Terebra acrior)-, de Jong & Coomans, 1988: 104. In ail these cases the identity of the taxon could not be well defrned by description, drawing or picture. Recent history The name Terebra limatula was mentioned also in the Terebridae révision by Bratcher and Cemohorsky (1987: 30), who listed the species as dubious because the type material was thought to be iost and the description was considered too general to be of any help. While the présent author was revising ail relevant taxa for a possible comparison with Terebra (s. 1.) lamyi sp. nov., the naine Terebra limatula remained enigmatic because of its description and ‘lost types’. A quick search by Dr Ellen Strong (Curator of Mollusca, USNM, USA) revealed that possible ‘types’ are présent at the USNM. Upon a more in-depth look through the type collection and records of the USNM, she was able to trace back four (+1 possible) records labeled as syntypes of Terebra limatula and var. acrior. USNM 103436: Unconfirmed type, not listed in the online database because of its unconfirmed status. United States Fish Commission, Station 2120, at 134 m, Grenada. The specimen was catalogued Jan. 31, 1890, simply as “Terebra ”, is conspecific with the hereafter- mentioned specimens but is clearly does not belong to the original type sériés as noted by Dali (see above). USNM 92870: Catalogued February 13, 1888 with no identification. 1 specimen in dry condition. Collected 19 October 1885, RV Albatross, US Fish Commission Station 2610, North Carolina Cape Lookout at 40 m. USNM 93971: Catalogued March 20, 1888 with no identification. 1 specimen in dry condition. Collected 14 March 1885, RV Albatross, US Fish Commission Station 2402 Florida, between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys at 203 m, 34.33N - 76.2W. USNM 61229: 2 specimens in dry condition; collected by W. Rush, Bahamas, NW Bimini Island at 366 m. Additional notes accompanying this sample in the USNM mention: “see also USNM 92870, 93971; ANSP 33723 (syntypes)”. The specimen was catalogued Dec. 19, 1885, and labeled “ Terebra ”, Specimens are currently out on loan. USNM 87294: Terebra ( Acus) limatula var. acrior Dali, 1889. 1 specimen in dry condition. RV Blake. US Coast Survey Station 100, Barbados, 13.167N - 59.533W at 183 m. Leg. A. Agassiz. The specimen was catalogued June 17, 1888 and labeled as “Acus limatulus Dali” Specimen is currently out on loan. The database notes field in the type record USNM 61229 mentions additional specimens or types in the ANSP. An investigation by Paul Callomon (Curator of Mollusca, ANSP, USA) revealed the following: ANSP 33723: 3 ‘syntypes’ with the following information on the labels: Original label: L. protexta Cow / Bemini, Bahamas [sic! = Bimini] / Dr. Wm. H. Rush! Subséquent label 1 : Terebra limatula form acrior Dali / det. T. Bratcher / 17 Oct 1981. Subséquent label 2: Probable syntypes of Terebra limatula Dali, 1889 / A. R. Kabat. 17 Feb 1995. One specimen (9.3 mm) seems conspecific with ail the ‘syntypes' of Terebra limatula in the USNM, but the other two (6.0 mm & 12.2 mm) clearly belong to a different species (and genus/group). Why these three were kept together as one species and regarded as such by Bratcher is a complété mystery as the différence is quite évident. A bit of research revealed that the two belong in fact to a probably undescribed species. The total amount of ‘syntypes’ is thus actually six, five for limatula and one for limatula var. acrior. They are deposited in two muséums: five (of which one is of limatula var. acrior) in USNM and one in ANSP. As quoted above, the var. acrior is merely based upon small différences in the strength of sculpture and number of spiral rows of beads. As it concems a smaller specimen than the specimens of the nominative type, we can conclude that this represents a mere juvénile of the latter. Thus Terebra limatula var. acrior is here interpreted as a junior synonym of Terebra (s. 1.) limatula. Figures 1-7 DI ' p S>e ^ ,a VV! * * * * S * 7 * P' nov ' MNHN 23204, Flolotype, 10.8 mm, Guadeloupe, off Saint François, 250 m; 2. Saint p- Ven mm ’ Guadelou P e > offSaint François, 250 m; 3. YT, Paratype, 3 10.7 mm, Guadeloupe, off Saint François, 250 m; 4. DL, Paratype, 2 9.1 mm, Guadeloupe, off Saint François, 250 m. mm nlh >Ü SP VV S 5 ' ANSP 425025 > 12 - 2 mm ’ Bahamas, N Bimini Island, 366 m; 6. ANSP 425025, 5.9 mm, Bahamas, N Bimmi Island, 366 m. 7. Terebra limatula ANSP 33723, paralectotype, 9.3 mm, Bahamas, N Bimini Island 366 64 m Y.Terryn Novapex 12(3-4): 63-72, 10 octobre 2011 65 Y. Terryn A new terebrid species from the Caribbean As mentioned above, Bratcher & Cernohorsky ( 1987) considered the type of Terebra limatula and var. acrior to be lost. Subséquent researchers amateurs studying terebrids from the Caribbean and adjacent areas hâve often ignored the taxon. Since then, however quite a nurnber of West Atlantic/Caribbean ‘cancellate’ and/or ‘beaded’ terebrids hâve been described that resemble Terebra limatula'. Terebra (s. 1.) crassireticulata Simone, 1999 = nom. nov. pro Terebra reticulata Simone & Verrisimo, 1995; Terebra (s. 1.) colombiensis Simone & Gracia, 2006; Terebra (s. 1.) simonei Lima, Tenorio & Barros, 2007; And to a lesser extent, we can add the following to the list: Terebra (s. 1.) leptapsis Simone, 1999 = Terebra doellojuradoi Carcelles, 1953 fide Faber, 2007, synonymy agreed; Terebra (s. 1.) intumescyra Lima, Tenorio & Barros, 2007; Terebra (s. 1.) alagoensis Lima, Tenorio & Barros, 2007. The discovery of the types of Terebra (s. I.) limatula might affect the validity of the species here mentioned, and this is discussed below. Further discoveries The fishing and collecting operations around the island of Guadeloupe by Mr Dominique Lamy hâve yielded over the last décades a large nurnber of rare discoveries in malacology thanks to his personal investment of time and vigorous effort and because of his particular fishing methods (dredgings, baited bottle traps etc... ). Besides the above-mentioned newly described species newly, a nurnber of noteworthy species/specimens are here briefly commented on and figured. Ail the taxa will need further investigation to better understand the intraspecific variability of these hard to obtain deeper water species, but this must await the arrivai of further specimens. The présent énumération serves merely as a photographie iconography to illustrate the difficulty of research, the huge variety and biodiversity in the Terebridae of the Caribbean, and our Iack of knowledge of the fauna. No attempt has been made at this stage to assign taxa or even give detailed descriptions as they would be based on incomplète, dead collected or too few specimens. SYSTEMATICS Family TEREBRIDAE Môrch, 1852 Ail species here discussed and described will be placed in the informai grouping Terebra (s. 1.) (thus sensu Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987) as opposed to Terebra s. s. ( sensu Terryn, 2007), unless otherwise mentioned. The actual generic status of the species is the subject of continuous research and will be updated as information cornes available. Terebra lamyi sp. nov. Figs 1-4 Type material. Holotype MNHN 23204, dredged off Saint François, Guadeloupe at 250 m, 10.8 mm. Paratypes. Ail dredged off Saint François, Guadeloupe at 250 m - Paratype 1: DL, 10.6 mm; Paratype 2: DL, 9.1 mm; Paratype 3: YT, 10.7 mm. Type Locality. Off Saint François, Guadeloupe. Dredged on muddy bottom at 250 m. Additional material. DL, 1 specimen dredged at 150 m off Port Louis. Distribution. Known only from the type locality and off Port Louis. Habitat. Ail specimens were dredged on a muddy substrate. Presumed bathymetrical range for living specimens between 150 and 250 m. Figures 8-12 8. Terebra colombiensis Simone & Gracia, 2006. INVMOL 1963, paratype, 15.5 mm, off Bocas de Ceniza, Lolombia, 31_-326 m. (Courtesy of Luiz Ricardo L. Simone, MZUSP) (x 0.5). ’ , t ' c h la ^' ,hl,ll l a Da\\, 1889. USNM 93971, lectotype, 17.9 mm, USA, Florida, between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys, 203 m. (Courtesy of Ellen Strong, USNM). pü" I e 'n ’ la -^' mone ^ Verissimo, 1995. MZUSP 27930, holotype, 22.2 mm, slope off Ubatuba, Sao Pau o, Brazil, 320 m. (Picture courtesy of Luiz Ricardo L. Simone, MZUSP ). Nnat r^V^ Hmatula Dali, 1889. 11. USNM 92870, paralectotype, 14.7 mm (reconstructed estimate), USA, r , al ,° ! ' i na ’ Cape Lookout ’ 40 m. (Photo courtesy of Ellen Strong, USNM). 12. USNM 103436, 5 9 mm, Grenada, 134 m. (Photo courtesy of Ellen Strong, USNM). 66 Y. Terryn NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 63-72, 10 octobre 2011 67 Y. Terryn A new terebrid species from the Caribbean Description. Shell srnall to 11 mm. Shell color maroon to fawn; subsutural band often giving a somewhat lighter appearance. Outline of whorls slightly concave to alrnost straight. Protoconch of about 2.0 whorls; shiny brown. Subsutural band decorated with numerous axial ribs, as numerous as on the remainder of the whorl. Subsutural band delimited by a deeper groove compared to those on the remainder of the whorl. Axial sculpture of numerous slightly arcuate to rnostly straight ribs, wider than the interspace. Spiral sculpture of 5-6 grooves, somewhat cutting the axial ribs; ail giving the shell a somewhat elongate-beaded appearance. Columella curved with a shiny brown callous. Animal and operculum unknown. Etymology. The species is named in honor of the Guadeloupe conchologist Mr Dominique Lamy in gratitude for providing the conchological community with molluscan material from Guadeloupe, including the here-described species. Terebra species 1 Figs 5-6 Material: ANSP 425025, previously included in ANSP 33723, 2 sps. Locality data: Bimini, Bahamas. Commentary: Protoconch with about 2 whorls, mamillate. Subsutural band and remainder of whorl of identical sculpture consisting of numerous low axial ribs. Radial sculpture consisting of numerous shallow grooves. Subsutural marcation consisting of a shallow groove, yet deeper incised than the radial scupture: 1-2 radial grooves on the subsutural band there, about 5-6 on the remainder of the whorl (measured on the largest specimens penultimate whorl). Discussion and comparison: Both specimens are small, heavily damaged and badly eroded, probably representing dead juvéniles or subadult forms. Clear description of the features therefore is not possible. However it is very évident that these two specimens are not conspecific with the ‘ limatula ’ contained in the original type lot ANSP33723. Both the différence in protoconch and sculpture is very évident. Hence the two specimens should be separated out of the type sample, leaving only 1 paralectotype of Terebra (s. 1.) limatula in ANSP33723 (see further). Terebra limatula Dali, 1889 Figs 7, 9-12 Terebra (Aeus) limatula Dali, 1889a: 66. Terebra ( Acus ) limatula var. acrior Dali, 1889a: 66. Terebra crassireticulata Simone, 1999 (= nom. nov. pro Terebra reticulata Simone & Verissimo, 1995): 222 . Type material Terebra limatula: USNM 92870: 1 specimen (dry). Collected 19 October 1885, RV Albatross, US Fish Commission Station 2610, North Carolina Cape Lookout at 40 m; USNM 93971: 1 specimen (dry). Collected 14 March 1885, RV Albatross, US Fish Commission Station 2402 Florida, between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys at 203 m, 34.33N - 76.2W; USNM 61229: 2 specimens (dry); collected by W. Rush, Bahamas, N Bimini Island at 366 m; ANSP 33723: 1 specimen (dry); collected by W. Rush, Bahamas, N Bimini Island at 366 m, 9.3 mm (see above). The specimen registered as USNM 93971 (Fig. 9) is selected as the lectotype, in order to enhance the stability of the nomenclature in accordance with ICZN art. 74.7.3. Ail other type material specimens of Terebra limatula (USNM 92870, USNM 61229) and ANSP (33723) are paralectotypes. Terebra limatula var. acrior: USNM 87294: Terebra {Acus) limatula var. acrior Dali, 1889. 1 specimen in dry condition. RV Blake. US Coast Survey, Barbados, 13.167N - 59.533W at 183 m. Terebra reticulata: MZUSP 27930: 1 specimen in dry condition. Station 5361, 24°42’0”S-44 o 30’5”W, slope off Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 320 m. Numerous paratypes at MZUSP. Terebra crassireticulata : Although Terebra crassireticulata was a re-naming of Terebra reticulata, a heading was made in the manuscript entitled ‘type material’ which lists a large number of specimens from the MNHN but without formally designating types. Assumed is that this was a mere éditorial lapsus. Figures 13-23 (Ail from coll. Dominique Lamy and from Guadeloupe). lt]f: Tere À bn ‘ evel y nae Clench & Aguayo, 1939. 13. 51.1 mm, off Saint-François, 250 m. 14. 69.7 mm, off ord Grande-Terre, 300 m. 15. 62.5 mm, off Nord Grande-terre, 300 m. 16. Terebra glossema Schwengel, 1940. 23.3 mm, off Port-Louis, 150 m. 17. Terebra species 2. 29.8 mm, off Port-Louis, 100 m. ll'l 9 ' T ' erebra species 3. 18. 9.2 mm, off Saint-François, 250 m. 19. 7.4 mm, off Anse La Gourde, 250 m. q ' eK çç™ species 4. 20. 6.2 mm, off Anse La Gourde, 250 m. 21. 9.1 mm, off Anse La Goude, 250 m. 22. 9.5 mm, off Vieux Habitants, 300 m. 23. Terebra species 5. 14.7 mm, off Saint-François, 250 m. 68 Y. Terryn NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 63-72, 10 octobre 2011 69 Y.Terryn A new terebrid species from the Caribbean Additional matcrial studied. USNM 103436 (see remarks above). Type locality. Lectotype: US Fish Commission Station 2402, Florida, between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys at 203 m, 34.33N - 76.2W Description. See Simone & Verissimo, 1995; Simone, 1999 for an extensive description of both the shell morphology and anatomy. The holotype of Terebra crassireticulata shows exactly the sanie protoconch and shell morphology as Terebra limatula. The specimens of Terebra limatula studied were ail shells with damaged body whorl (columellar plicae visible), compared to the fully adult and complété holotype of Terebra crassireticulata with thickened columellar callus. Habitat. Unknown. Distribution. From North Carolina, Florida and the Bahamas (Dali, 1889a), probably South along the chain of islands bordering the Atlantic to Brazil, where it has been confirmed from Rio de Janeiro to Sao Paulo (Simone, 1999). Terebra evelynae Clench & Aguayo, 1939 Figs 13-15 The species is easily identifiable among the West Atlantic and Caribbean terebrids but has been rarely recorded. Only a handful of dead collected specimens are known besides the live collected holotype (MCZ 135077: 118.3 mm). As far as the author could détermine, the species had only been recorded from off Cuba (type locality: off N Santa Clara Province, 225 fms) till the présent discovery of one live and several dead (crabbed) collected specimens off Guadeloupe. Terebra glossema Schwengel, 1940 Fig. 16 The species is fairly identifiable amongst the West Atlantic and Caribbean terebrids but has been rarely recorded. The range of the species is restricted to the northern Caribbean (Florida, Bahamas and Cuba) but Faber (2007: Aruba) and the présent finding (Guadeloupe) confirm a much wider range southwards and it probably lives throughout the eastem rim of the Caribbean islands. Terebra species 2 Fig. 17 The species bears some resemblance to T. glossema in the characteristics of the sculpture, but the density of the spiral and axial sculpture is rather different. The sculpture is much coarser and the general outline is much more slender than in T. glossema. At présent this species is only represented by a single specimen. Thus nothing is known concerning intraspecific variability. The species can not be compared to any other known taxon in the Caribbean and is most probably new to science. Due to the lack of additional specimens at the moment, the species remains under study awaiting more finds. Terebra species 3 Figs 18-19 The following three species can obviously be accredited as belonging to the limatula- group because of the shell surface morphology, which is reticulated and beaded; but because of constant différences in protoconch and variations in the sculpture, they must be assigned under different taxa. The spiral sculpture of this species is sharp: deep grooves separated by almost protruding beads, yet close-set and dense. Terebra species 4 Figs 20-22 The présent species was also dredged at the type locality of Terebra lamyi. It was preliminary stored as T. cf. colombiensis pending further research but the présent paper proves that it is does not belong to that species nor with any of the related species. The main différence is the conical, paucispiral protoconch of about 2.5-3.0 whorls, T. limatula and T. colombiensis both hâve a near-mammillate protoconch. Furthermore the présent species is quite distinguishable because the fine beading and deep and wide spiral grooves gave rise to a somewhat step-like or turreted outline of the whorls. Because of the close relationship in sculpture, this species is without doubt related to the aforementioned. It is here figured for the first time awaiting more specimens for further study. Figures 24-33 (Ail from coll. Dominique Lamy and from Guadeloupe). 24. Terebra species 6. 14.5 mm, off Port-Louis, 130 m. 25-27. Terebra species 7. 25. 16.3 mm, off Port-louis, 130 m. 26. 14.3 mm, off Port-Louis, 100 m. 27. 14.8 mm, off Port-Louis, 150 m. 28. Terebra species 8. 1 1.5 mm, off Port-Louis, 160 m. 29-33. Terebra species 9. 29. 9.8 mm, off Port-Louis, 100 m. 30. 12.5 mm, off Port-louis 100 m. 31.9.2 mm, off Port-Louis, 120 m. 32. 6.1 mm, off Port-Louis, 100 m. (x 1.5). 33. 9.1 mm, off Port-Louis, 120 m. 70 Y.Terryn Novapex 12(3-4): 63-72,10 octobre 2011 71 Y. Terryn A new terebrid species from the Caribbean Terebra species 5 Fig. 23 The species shows a strong resemblance to T. limcitula but again the protoconch and the even coarser general sculpture leaves no doubt that it represents a different and perhaps undescribed taxon. Terebra species 6 Fig. 24 The species has no comparison in the Caribbean but is somewhat similar in sculpture to a species occuring in the Indo-Pacific (coll. MNHN, Marquesas Islands) currently under study and description. The species is only known from one dead collected specimen which would make description prématuré at this stage. Terebra species 7, 8 & 9 Figs 25-33 The mentioned 3 morpho-species are without doubt related and close in resemblance to T. alba. Although T. alba is reported throughout the Caribbean, findings are usually restricted to the North (Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, Florida etc... ). Species 6 & 8 are closely related to one another and to T. alba because of similar sculpture, yet differ amongst each other in protoconch size and shape. Species 7 has a coarser sculpture and a different protoconch than the aforementioned. Acknowledgements I wish to express my gratitude to Mr Dominique Lamy for bringing a large number of terebrids from Guadeloupe and especially the species here named after him, to my attention. Also a great word of appréciation for ail their efforts goes to Dr Ellen Strong (USNM) and Paul Callomon (ANSP). Furthermore, I wish to thank Dr Philippe Bouchet and Virginie Héros (MNHN) for their ongoing assistance in the study of Tercbridae. 1 sincerely appreciate the assistance I had from Luiz Ricardo L. Simone (MZUSP), in providing pictures of types and valuable comments in the matter. 1 also sincerely thank Willem Faber (The Netherlands) and Koen Fraussen (Belgium) for critically appraising the text and Gavin Malcolm (UK) for assistance and comments during the research. REFERENCES Abbott, R. T. 1968. Seashells of North America. Golden Press, New York, USA. 280 pp. Bratcher, T. & W. O. Cernohorsky 1987. Living Terebras of the World. Madison Publishing Associates, New York, NY, USA. 240 pp. Dali, W. H. 1889a. Report on the Results of Dredgings, under the supervision of A. Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879-80), by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake 29. Report on the Mollusca. 2. Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bulletin of the Muséum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard , 18: 1 - 492. Dali, W. H. 1889b. A preliminary catalogue of the shell-bearing marine mollusks and brachiopods of the southeastem coast of the United States, with illustrations of many of the species. Bulletin of the United States National Muséum, 37: 94. Dali, W. H. & Simpson, C. T. 1901. The Mollusca of Porto Rico. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 20: 351-524, pis 53-58. de Jong, K. M. & Coomans, H. E. 1988. Marine gastropods from Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 261 pp. de Jong, K. M. & Kristensen, I. 1965. Gegevens over Mariene Gastropoden van Curaçao. Correspondentie Blad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging, suppl.: 1-56. Faber, M. J. 2007. Marine gastropods from the ABC- islands and other localities. 14. The family Terebridae (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda) with description of a new species from Aruba. Miscellanea MaUacologica , 2 (3): 49-55. Kaicher, S. D. 1981. Card Catalogue of World- Wide Shells, 27: Terebridae II, no. 2710. Simone, L. R. L. & Verrissimo, P. 1995. Terebra reticulata, new species of Terebridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Conoidae) from Southeastem Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Sciences, 57 (2): 460- 466. Simone, L. R. L. 1999. Comparative morphology and systematics of Brazilian Terebridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidae), with description of three new species. Zoosytema, 21 (2): 199-248. Terryn, Y. 2007. Terebridae, a Collectors Guide. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, Germany & NaturalArt, Gent, Belgium. 57 pp. + 65 colour pis. Wannke, G. L. & Abbott, R. T. 1962. Caribbean Seashells. Livingstone Publ., Wynnewood, Pensylvania, USA. i-x, 348 pp. 72 K. Fraussen & J. Rosado NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 73-79, 10 octobre 2011 The Cantharus group (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) on Almirante Leite Bank (Mozambique) with description of two new species and one new genus Koen FRAUSSEN Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschot, Belgium koen.fraussen@skynet.be José ROSADO Av. Friedrich Engels, n. 373, le, Maputo, Moçambique joserosadoi@hotmail.com ABSTRACT. A new genus and two new species of deep water Buccinidae collected during MAINBAZA are described: Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. and Micrologus mochatinctus gen. & sp. nov., both front Almirante Leite Bank. Pollia sowerbyana (Melvill & Standen, 1903) is recorded from Madagascar and the variability of this species is discussed. KEYWORDS. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Buccinidae, Pisaniinae, Pollia, Mozambique, MAINBAZA, new taxa. INTRODUCTION. Ignored in the past, the Mozambique fauna has become the subject of intensive collecting and studies during the latest décades. It is obvious that Mozambique is blessed with a unique fauna, with components from the South African fauna as well as from the East African fauna, due to its geographical situation. Ridden up fragments from the deep water faunas are présent, from the Natal Bassin (in the south) and the Somalian Bassin (in the north). In addition, a large number of species which are most probably endemic for the regio are known. The second author participated in the recent MAINBAZA cruise in the Mozambique Channel. Part of the Admirante Leite Bank was investigated during this expédition, an area with strong currents resulting in difficult dredging and trawling conditions. Among rnany animais two particular species belonging to the Cantharus group attracted attention. One is recognized as belonging to an undescribed species of the genus Pollia Gray in Sowerby, 1834 and named Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. For the second species, which is distinct in spiral sculpture and columellar characteristics from ail known Cantharus group species, we had to décidé to describe a new genus because it seems out of place in any of the other known généra. This taxon is added to the East African fauna under the name Micrologus mochatinctus gen. & sp. nov. Material is, unless otherwise stated, deposited in MNHN. The material is, unless being a type (which are allocated to catalogue numbers), unambiguously designated and retrievable by the combination of expédition acronym and station number. ABBREVIATIONS KF: collection Koen Fraussen, Belgium. MHNM: Museu de Historia Natural de Maputo, Mozambique. MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. JR: collection José Rosado, Portugal, dd: empty shell, dead collected. juv: juvénile or subadult shell. DW: (drague Warén) Warén dredge. SYSTEMATICS BUCCINIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily Pisaniinae Gray, 1857 Genus Pollia Gray in Sowerby, 1834 Pollia, Gray in Sowerby, 1834: pl. 237, fig. 12. Type species by monotypy: “ Triton undosus Lamk.” = Buccinum undosus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Indo- West Pacific, Recent. For a discussion on the taxonomie position of Pollia we refer to Vermeij & Bouchet (1998: 472-473) and Vermeij, (2006: 85-86, 89-91). Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. Figs 7-11 Type material. Holotype, 19.9 mm, Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3167, 26°12’S, 35°02’E, 228-230 m deep, MNHN-23770. 73 K. Fraussen & J. Rosado The Cantharus group on Almirante Leite bank Paratypes 1-7, 19.1-21.6 mm, saine locality, MNHN- 23771, MFTNM, JR, KF-6129. Paratype 8, 12.6 mm, juvénile (protoconch), saine locality, MNHN-23771. Type locality. Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MA1NBAZA stn. DW3167, 26°12’S, 35°02’E, 228-230 m. Material examined. Mozambique: Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3167, 26°12’S, 35°02’E, 228-230 m, 28 dd (9 jv.). - Stn DW3169, 26°11 ’S, 35°01’E, 450 m, 4 dd. Range and habitat. Only known from the Almirante Leite Bank. Bathymétrie range, ail empty shells, between 228 and 450 m. Syntopic with Micrologie mochatinctus sp. nov. on Almirante Leite Bank (MAINBAZA stn. DW3167 and DW3169). Almirante Leite Bank is an area with strong currents overflowing a bottom of hard rocks. The habitat is characterized by the presence of rock, coral, sponges and gorgonians (Text Fig. 1). Text Figure 1. Habitat of Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. Description. Shell of medium size for genus (up to 21.6 mm in height). Shape semi-oval, spire rather conical. Teleoconch whorls 5 Zi in number, laterally flattened, suprasuturally with narrow. but clearly constricted area. Colour white to yellowish brown with brown spiral lines on top of axial sculpture. Protoconch consisting of slightly more than 1 3 / 4 whorl, 2.2 mm high, 1.1 mm in diameter. Colour yellowish with brown spot on tip. Whorls rapidly increasing in size, last whorl big, convex. Surface smooth, rather glossy, but covered with numerous minute shallow holes. Transition to teleoconch marked by 3 or 4 fine incrémental lines. 74 First whorl with 3 well developed primary spiral cords; a fine, fourth cord présent in subsutural interspace. A single, fine secondary spiral cord appears along second whorl, situated in the iniddle of each interspace. Subsutural spiral cord increasing in stiength, on third whorl almost as strong as other primary spiral cords; a fifth primary spiral cord partly concealed under suture with subséquent whorl. One subsutural secondary spiral cord becoming as strong as primary spiral cords along penultimate whorl, resulting in the presence of 2 spiral cords on subsutural slope which render a bilirate appearance and torm a deep suture above axial ribs. Penultimate K. Fraussen & J. Rosado NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 73-79, 10 octobre 2011 whorl with 5 primary spiral cords, two subsutural ones slightly weaker, separated by a narrower interspace; a sixth primary spiral cord partly concealed under suture of subséquent whorl. Body whorl with about 40 spiral cords of different strength, 20 of them primary and secondary spiral cords of about sanie strength, altemating with about 20 tlner tertiary spiral threads. First teleoconch whorl with 13 fine axial ribs; abapically, on the suprasutural adpression, becoming weaker, resulting in a suture with constricted appearance; interspaces of equal size or slightly broader. Subséquent whorls with 12 axial ribs. Ribs becoming gradually weaker, but slightly broader. Body whorl with 8 axial ribs, about 3 additional ribs, or traces of them, on prelabral varix. Last 1/4 part of body whorl covered with a broad, but weak prelabral varix. Whole surface covered with minute, sharp incrémental lamellae. Aperture oval, adapical part pinched. Columella strongly concave; callus thin, white, rather adhèrent to preceding whorl, covered with big lirae according to sculpture of preceding whorl, with a single adapical columellar lira and 3 strong, abapical columellar folds near transition to siphonal canal. Outer lip thin; omamented with about 16 internai lirae of different strength, not according to sculpture of outer surface. Siphonal canal short, broad, open. Aperture and siphonal canal together slightly more than 1 14 of total shell length. Animal and operculum unknown. Comparision. Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. is characterized by the laterally slightly flattened whorls which give the spire a more conical appearance and, as a conséquence, a more pinched adapical part of the aperture. The maximum diameter of each whorl is situated below the periphery. This shape is rather atypical for the genus. The colour ranges front snow-white and off-white with sonie pale brownish bands to the presence of reddish brown spiral Unes on top of the spiral sculpture, especially on the periphery and subsutural slope. Snow-white shells and coloured ones were found in the sanie haul (MAINBAZA stn. DW3167 and DW3169). AU known Pollia species differ by having a convex subsutural area and the slightly more rounded adapical part of the outer lip. (See below.) Pollia sowerbyana (Melvill & Standen, 1903) (type locality: “Gulf of Oman and Mekran Coast, especially between Gwadûr and Jask, frorn 25-30 fathoms”) (Fig. 13) is characterized by the convex, slightly shouldered whorls, the big axial ribs, the round rather than oval aperture with a weak adapical tabulation. The suture is distinct, suprasuturally slightly appressed. Specimens with a broad shape, or short spire, niay hâve the appressed band partly concealed under the next whorl. Pollia sowerbyana is similar in spiral sculpture, but differs by the convex teleoconch whorls which reach their maximum diameter near the shoulder (instead of below the suturai line), consequently the adapical part of the outer lip is broader and more tabulate where connected with the preceding whorl; the prelabral varix is stronger but narrower; the suprasutural constricted area is usually broader; the subsutural spiral cords are straight (rather than waved or twisted where Crossing the axial ribs) and finer with a broader interspace; the number of axial ribs is smaller on the upper teleoconch whorls (about 10) but higher on the body whorl (10 including the prelabral varix); the columellar callus is broader, especially the adapical part which has a gently curved edge; the pattern usually consists of 2 broad bands (instead of fine fines) and it seerns that the hairs on the periostracum are longer. It may be possible that the more eastern species (Philippines: P. vicdani’, Coral Sea and New Caledonia: P. pellita) hâve to be regarded as conspecific with P. sowerbyana. Further study may throw a light on this question but in the meantime we regard these taxa as distinct (see below). Pollia vicdani (Kosuge, 1984) (type locality: Philippines, Bohol, off Panglao, 120 fms.) is similar, but differs front P. imprimelata sp. nov. by the bigger number of axial ribs on the body whorl (the number of axial ribs on the upper spire whorls is the same) and the slightly more convex subsutural area and the slightly more rounded adapical part of the outer lip. The number of axial ribs on penultimate and body whorls seems to vary considerably in many Pollia species, but it is quite constant in Philippine populations of P. vicdani. We doubt this is a solid characteristic to distinguish these species or fonns. Pollia pellita Vermeij & Bouchet, 1998 (type locality: New Caledonia, Loyalty Ridge, 20°42’S, 167°00’E, 270 ni) is similar to P. imprimelata sp. nov. in shape and pattern, especially the fonn front Coral Sea, but differs by the slightly more convex subsutural area and the slightly more rounded adapical part of the outer lip. Pollia delicata (E. A. Smith, 1899) (type locality: Investigator “Station 237, lat. 13° 17’ N., long. 93° 7’ E., off Andaman Islands, 90 fath.”) is similar, but differs front P. imprimelata sp. nov. by the smaller number of protoconch whorls (about 1), the clearly more convex whorls, the spiral sculpture which is fine and running straight near the subsutural slope (instead of being twisted when Crossing the axial ribs). Etymology. Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. is derived from imprimere (Latin, verb) meaning "press upon" in combination with latus (Latin) meaning "side", which refers to the slightly flattened latéral sides. The last letters of imprimere are contracted to avoid deviating pronunciation. 75 K. FRAUSSEN & J. ROSADO The Cantharus group on Almirante Leite bank Pallia sp. Fig. 12 Material. Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3168, 26°12’S, 35°03’E, 87-90 m, 1 dd. Remarks. The single dead collected specimen has a slightly damaged columellar part of the siphonal canal and is characterized by the protoconch which consist of a single whorl with a rather broad, but slightly flattened tip. The shell is similar to Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. in spiral sculpture, but differs by the protoconch which consist of a single whorl (instead of 2 whorls) with a flattened tip, the more convex whorls resulting in a more convex adapical part of the aperture and a shape typical of the genus, the adapical part of the axial ribs which is weaker and the smaller adult size. Pollia subcoslata (Krauss, 1848) (type locality “In litore natalensi”: South Africa, Natal, littoral), a species which also lives along the coast of Madagascar and Mozambique in shallow to fairly deep water, is easily distinguishable by the bigger spiral cords and by the body whorl with weak or absent axial sculpture. P. subcoslata also has a thicker shell, a darker colour and a thick periostracum, but these three features may vary in the genus, according to bathymétrie occurrence. Micrologus gen. nov. Type species. Micrologus mochatinctus sp. nov. (type locality: Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3169, 26 0 U’S, 35 o 01’E, 450 m deep). Diagnosis. Shell rather small. Shape semi-oval; spire moderately high, fusiform; base slightly stretched. Protoconch paucispiral, consisting of about 1 smooth whorl; surface rather rough, covered with minute shallow holes. Transition to teleoconch indistinct, marked by the start of the sculpture of the teleoconch. Spiral sculpture fine, consisting of thin primary spiral cords (4 on first whorl, 5 on other spire whorls, 11 on body whorl). Spiral interspaces broad on periphery, with 1 (on upper spire whorls) to 3 (on fourth whorl to body whorl) fine secondary spiral threads of equal strength, occasionally 4. Axial sculpture consisting of broad ribs with broad interspaces, running from suture to suture on spire whorls, from suture to just below midwhorl on body whorl. Aperture large, ovate, adapically slightly pinched with a single columellar knob and a labral knob bordering the anal notch. Columella strongly concave, smooth and glossy, with an adapical columellar knob (bordering the anal notch) and a strong abapical columellar knob on transition to siphonal canal. Callus thin, smooth, glossy, broad; abapical part more developed, forming a broad layer well adhèrent to columella. Outer lip rounded, lip thick, edge sharp, with broad, but low internai knobs, not situated according to primary spiral cords on outer side; adapical knob slightly bigger, occasionally split; abapical knob slightly bigger, on transition to siphonal canal. This abapical knob not situated in front of abapical columellar knob but strongly diagonally orientated to each other. Labral varix low but broad, slightly prosocline. Siphonal canal short, broad, open. Comparison. The diagnosis is based on the single known species, described below. Therefore we do not know the magnitude of variation within the genus. Based on known variability in other généra of the Cantharus group we may assume with some certainty that the way the spiral cords are arranged is a solid diagnostic feature, as well as the convex shape of the teleoconch whorls and the narrow siphonal area without constricted base. Contrary to the strength of the primary spiral cords, the width/length index and the size are features variable in most other related généra. Hesperisternia Gardner, 1944 (type species: Hersperisternia waltonia Gardner, 1944: 445-447, from the Miocene of Florida), has a similar sculpture consisting of fine spiral cords and a columellar fold on the transition to the siphonal canal. The strongly sculptured species of that genus look much different at first glance, but the more subtly sculptured species like H. multangula grandanus (Abbott, 1986) and H. shaskyi (Berry, 1959) hâve a similar spiral sculpture consisting of a few primary spiral cords with many fine secondary spiral threads of equal strength in the interspaces. Hesperisternia species differ from the new genus by the presence of 3 dominant spiral cords on the periphery (while in Micrologus gen. nov. ail primary spiral cords, also on the base, are of a rather equal strength); the secondary spiral cords of unequal strength, the decreasing number of axial ribs towards the body whorl; the presence of well developed sculpture in the aperture and the shorter, slightly twisted siphonal canal with a slightly more pronounced umbilical fissure and a slightly more constricted area between base and siphonal canal. Hesperisternia waltonia Gardner, 1944 (type locality: “No. 3742, Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County, Florida”), the type species of the genus, is described with 3 protoconch whorls while Recent species of that genus hâve 1 to 1 3 A protoconch whorls. Hesperisternia shaskyi (Berry, 1959) (type locality: south olï Guaymas, Sonora), which is in fact not a typical species of its genus, is ornamented with a spiral sculpture most similar to Micrologus gen. nov. (evenly spaced primary spiral cords, secondary spiral cords of more or less equal strength) and a weakly sculptured aperture, but differs (apart from the broad shape and distinct range) by the more constricted shape of the base, the shorter siphonal canal and by the broad spiral cords on the siphonal canal. K. Fraussen & J. Rosado Novapex 12(3-4): 73-79, 10 octobre 2011 The range of Hesperisternia is restricted to East Pacific and West Atlantic warm waters (at présent no Indo-West Pacific species are known) while Micrologie gen. nov. is known from eastern Africa which is the other side of the planet). For a detailed account on the fossil and recent Hesperisternia species we refer to Vermeij (2006: 81- 82, 89-91). Pollia Gray in Sowerby, 1834 (type species: Buccimm undosum Linnaeus, 1758: 740) may look similar in shape and size, but differs by the spiral sculpture consisting of cords of a rather irregular strength, the more oval shape with shorter siphonal canal and the presence of sculpture on the columella. Cancellopollia Vermeij & Bouchet, 1998 (type species: Cancellopollia gracilis Vermeij & Bouchet, 1998: 480-483) differs by the more oval shape and the bigger spiral cords of unequal strength. Species with a similar columellar callus, for example Pollia shepstonensis Tomlin, 1926, Buccimm cinis Reeve, 1846 and Triton egregia Reeve, 1844, ail of uncertain generic placement (often placed in Engina J. E. Gray, 1839 or Prodotia Dali, 1924), may look similar in size, shape and colour, but differ by the broader spiral cords, especially on the base and by the presence of knobs or lirae on the columella. Etymology. Micrologus gen. nov. is named after the book “Micrologus”, written in 1026 by Guido d’Arezzo and one of the two most popular books about music in médiéval times. The musical notation (staff notation) introduced in that work is still used nowadays. The name refers to the fine spiral fines of the shell, which are 5 in nurnber when counting the secondary spiral threads and adjacent primary spiral cords, which is similar to, and the same nurnber of the staff notation. This sculpture is also présent on the base of the shell, contrary to other known généra in the group, but similar to the ensemble of staffs on a score. Micrologus mochatinctus sp. nov. Figs 1-6 Type material. Hoiotype, 15.0 mm, Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3169, 26°H’S, 35°01'E, 450 deep, MNHN- 23772. Paratype 1, 9.5 mm, juvénile (protoconch), same locality, MNHN-23773. Paratypes 2-5, 13.4-13.8 mm, same locality, MNHN- 23773, MHNM, JR, KF-6130. Type locality. Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3169, 26° 11 ’S, 35°01 ’E, 450 m deep. Material examined. Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3167, 26°12’S, 35°02'E, 228-230 m, 5 dd (1 fragment). - Stn DW3169, 26°11’S, 35 o 01’E, 450 m, 8 dd (1 juv., 4 fragments). Range and habitat. Only known from Almirante Leite Bank. Bathymétrie range, ail empty shells, between 228 and 450 m. Syntopic with Pollia imprimelatus sp. nov. on both DW3167 and DW3169 stations. Almirante Leite Bank is an area with strong currents overflowing a bottom of hard rocks. The habitat is characterized by the presence of rock, coral, sponges and gorgonians (Text Fig. 1). Description. Shell small (up to 15.0 mm). Shape semi-oval, spire fusiform, base slightly stretched. Axial sculpture dominant in combination with accentuated spiral pattern. Protoconch paucispiral, consisting of about I smooth whorl with rather rough surface. Transition to teleoconch indistinct, marked by a fine incrémental fine and the start of the sculpture of the teleoconch. Teleoconch with 5 14 whorls. Colour white with brown spiral bands; upper spire whorls white, with small brown dots on axial ribs in between spiral cords; spiral interspaces of lower spire whorls and body whorl omamented with broad, chocolaté brown spiral bands, usually darker on axial ribs, secondary spiral threads usually brown, primary spiral cords snow-white. Narrow band along subsutural slope and tip of siphonal canal snow-white. First teleoconch whorl with 4 fine spiral cords, 2 subsutural ones slightly finer, interspaces of equal size. Second whorl with 5 primary spiral cords, abapical one rather big, gradually decreasing in strength towards upper suture, adapical spiral cord finer. Third whorl with a single fine secondary spiral thread (hoiotype) or cord (paratype 1 ) in the middle of each spiral interspace. Spiral interspaces gradually becoming broader, at First on periphery; nurnber of secondary spiral threads increasing to 3 on fourth whorl and body whorl. Spiral sculpture fine, of equal strength along the whorl, occasionally slightly higher when Crossing axial ribs; primary spiral cords evenly spaced also on base, slightly narrower on subsutural slope; secondary spiral threads of equal strength. First teleoconch whorl with 11 narrow axial ribs; abapically slightly weaker or ended, resulting in a rather constricted suture; interspaces broad. Axial ribs gradually becoming broader, their nurnber slightly increasing to 10 on second whorl, 9 on third whorl. Penultimate whorl with 11 axial ribs, body whorl with 13 ribs, including prelabral varix. Axial ribs running from suture to just below periphery on body whorl. Aperture large, ovate, adapically slightly pinched with a single columellar knob and a labral knob bordering the anal notch. Columella concave, smooth and glossy, with an adapical columellar knob (bordering the anal notch) and a strong abapical columellar knob on transition to siphonal canal. Callus thin, smooth, glossy, broad; abapical part more developed, forming a broad layer well adhèrent to columella. Outer lip 77 K. Fraussen & J. Rosado The Cantharus group on Almirante Leite bank rounded, lip thick, edge sharp, wilh broad but low internai knobs, not situated according to primary spiral cords on outer side; adapical knob slightly bigger, occasionaily split; abapical knob slightly bigger, on transition to siphonal canal. This abapical knob is not situated in front of the abapical columellar knob, but strongly diagonally orientated abapically of it. Labral varix low but broad, slightly prosocline. Siphonal canal short, broad. open. Animal and operculum unknown. Comparison. Micrologus mochatinctus sp. nov. is characterized by the fine spiral sculpture consisting of equally spaced primary spiral ribs of equal strength with the interspaces omamented with 3 (occasionaily 4) fine secondary spiral threads of equal strength, in combination with a smooth columella. Ail possibly similar species of other groups differ by the presence of stronger spiral cords on the base and by the presence of knobs and lirae on the columella. Etymology. Micrologus mochatinctus sp. nov. is derived from “mocha”, originally Mocha in Yemen where coffee has been exported since ancient times, now used for a mixture of coffee and chocolaté, and for expressing the brown colour; in combination with “tinctus” (Latin), meaning “a dye”. ACKNO WLEDG M ENTS We are grateful to Philippe Bouchet, Philippe Maestrati and Virginie Héros (MNHN, France) for making the material avai labié for study. Guido T. Poppe (Belgium, Philippines) for support and sharing his knowledge. Philippe Poppe (Philippines) for procuring material for comparison. Alain Fraussen (Belgium) for etymological help. David Monsecour (Belgium) for correcting the English text. REFERENCES Bouchet, P. & Warén, A. 1986. Mollusca Gastropoda: Taxonomical notes on tropical deep water Buccinidae with descriptions of new taxa. In: Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. I & II. Philippines (1976-1980). Tome 2. Mémoires de Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, série A, Zoology, 133:455-499, text figs. 1-4, pis. 1-18. Gardner, J., 1944. The molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida. VII. Stenoglossa (in part). United States Geological Survey. Professional Papers, 142-G: 437-491. Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturae per régna tria naturae. Editio décima, reformata. Vol. 1, Regnum animale. Stockholm, 824 pp. Sowerby, G. B., 1834. The Généra of Recent and Fossil Shells, vol. II. London, pis. 127-262. Vermeij, G. J. & Bouchet, Ph., 1998. New Pisaniinae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Buccinidae) from New Caledonia, with remarks on Cantharus and related généra. Zoosystema, 20(3): 471-485. Vermeij, G. J., 2006. The Cantharus Group of Pisaniine Buccinid Gaspropods: Review of the Oligocène tp Recent Généra and Description of Some New Species of Gemophos and Hesperisternia. Cainozoic Research, 4(1-2): 71- 96. Figures 1-13 1-6. Micrologus mochatinctus gen. & sp. nov., holotype MNHN-23772, 15.0 mm, Mozambique Channel Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3169, 26°1LS, 35°0LE, 450 m deep. 7-11. Pollia imprimelata sp. nov. 7-8. Holotype MNHN-23770, 19.9 mm, Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3 |6 7, 26°12’S, 35°02’E, 228-230 m deep; 9-10. Paratype 1, MNHN-23771, 21.3 mm, same locality; 1. Piotoconch of paratype 8, MNHN-23771, diameter 1.1 mm, same locality. 12. Pollia sp., 17.6 mm, Mozambique Channel, Almirante Leite Bank, MAINBAZA stn. DW3168 -6° 12 S, 35°03’E, 87-90 m deep, MNHN. P' VWVl 61 ^’ ana (Melvill & Standen, 1903), northwestern Madagascar, between Majunga and Cape St. André, MIRIKY stn CP3260, 15°35’S, 45°45’E, 179-193 m deep, MNHN. 78 K. Fraussen & J. Rosado Novapex 12(3-4): 73-79, 10 octobre 2011 1 K E* L. G. Brown & B. D. Neville Novapex 12(3-4): 81-86, 10 octobre 2011 Nomenclatural notes on Amaea arabica (Nyst, 1871) comb. nov. and Cirsotrema fimbriolatum (Melvill, 1897) (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae), two similar species from the Indo-Pacifîc faunal province Leonard G. BROWN 5 Vumbaco Drive, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA E-mail: Epmanshell@AOL.com Bruce D. NEVILLE 2700 Sandy Circle, College Station, TX 77845-5309, USA E-mail: Bneville@tamu.edu KEYWORDS. Gastropoda, Epitoniidae, Amaea, Cirsotrema, nomenclature. ABSTRACT. Seal aria decussata ‘ Lamarck’ Kiener, 1838, and S. decussata ‘Lamarck’ Sowerby II, 1844, are shown to refer to a Recent species different from the true S. decussata Lamarck, 1804, a fossil. The illustration of the holotype of Scalaria arabica Nyst, 1871, is compared to photographs of the probable holotype of Cirsotrema kieneri Tapparone-Canefri, 1876, to document that the two species are conspecific, that Nyst’s name has precedence, and that S. arabica belongs to the genus Amaea. Scalaria fimbriolata Melvill, 1897, a similar species from the Indo-Pacific faunal province that has been confused with A. arabica, is shown to be specifically and generically distinct from A. arabica. INTRODUCTION A review of the literature on the Epitoniidae, e. g. Nakayama (2003: 21) illustrâtes that questions exist regarding the relationship between Scalaria decussata Lamarck, 1804, an Eocene fossil species collected near Paris, France, and the Recent species Scalaria arabica Nyst, 1871 [= Scalaria decussata Lamarck sensu Sowerby II (1844: 103, pi. 35, fig. 140)] and Cirsotrema kieneri Tapparone-Canefri, 1876 [=Scalaria decussata Lamarck sensu Kiener (1838: 21, pl- 7, fig. 23)]. To résolve these questions, we set out to track down photographs of the type specimens of S. decussata, S. arabica, and C. kieneri and also conducted a thorough review of the literature that included référencés to these species names. In the course of our research, we discovered that the species listed above hâve also been confused with the species described under the name Scalaria fimbriolata Melvill. 1897, a similar Recent species referable to the genus Cirsotrema. Therefore, in addition to documenting our conclusion that the correct name for the species illustrated by Kiener and Sowerby is Amaea arabica (Nyst, 1871), we hâve included a discussion of Melvill’s species to document that it is not a synonym of A. arabica. Abbreviations NHMUK: Natural History Muséum, London. MHNG: Muséum d’EIistoire Naturelle de Genève, dd: specimen(s) collected dead. Iv: specimen(s) collected alive. SYSTEMATICS Family EPITONIIDAE S. S. Berry, 1910 Genus Amaea H. & A. Adams, 1853: 223 Type species: Scalaria magnifica G. B. Sowerby II, 1844, by subséquent désignation (Boury, 1909: 258) Amaea decussata (Lamarck, 1804) Fig 1-2 Scalaria decussata Lamarck, 1804: 213; Lamarck, 1806: pl. 10, fig. 3; Lamarck, 1822: 229; MHNG, 1918: pl. 6, figs. 74 a, b, 75 a, b; non Scalaria decussata Pease, 1867: 289 [=Epitonium sandwichense (Nyst, 1871)]. Distribution. France. Fossil, Eocene. Reniarks. The original engravings of Lamarck’s S. decussata (Lamarck, 1806) show both spiral and axial sculpture, though the axial sculpture overlays the spiral. Photographs of the syntypes of Lamarck’s S. decussata published by the MHNG (1918) show that this fossil species has convex teleoconch whorls that are not angular below the suture and the axial costae are not raised where they cross the spiral cords (Fig. 1-2). The sculpture indicates that the species is correctly placed in the genus Amaea. Pease (1867: 289) also named a Scalaria decussata. Pease’s shell, however, is an Epitonium and the name was also replaced by Nyst (1871: 132) with Scalaria sandwichensis. 81 L. G. Brown & B. D. Neville Nomenclatural notes on Amaea arabica and Cirsotremafimbriolatum Amaea arabica (Nyst, 1871) Figs 3-7, 11 Scalaria decussata Kiener, 1838: 21, pl. 7, fig. 23; Sowerby II, 1844: 103, pl. 35, Fig. 140; Sowerby II, 1874: species 114, pl. 15, fig. 114a; Clessin, 1897: 39, pl. 12, fig. 2.; non Scalaria decussata Latnarck, 1804. Scalaria arabica Nyst, 1871: 105; Boury, n.d., pl. 35, fig. 1, 3. Nom. nov. for Scalaria decussata Sow. (non Lam.). Type locality: coast of Arabia. Cirsotrema Kieneri Tapparone-Canefri, 1876: 155; Kaicher, 1983: 3584. Nom. nov. for Scalaria decussata Kiener (non. Lam.). Type locality: none given. Amaea Sowerbyi Dunker, 1882: 69; nom. nov. for Scalaria decussata Sow. (non Lam.) Scalaria kieneri : Tryon, 1887: 81, pl. 17, fig. 21, 22, 26. Amaea decussata : Cleevely, 1980: 240, fig. 2, 7. Amaea {Amaea) decussata'. Weil, et. al., 1999: 82, fig. 234. Material Examined. Urangan, south Queensland, Australia, 2 dd. Palandra Beach, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, ldd. Swan Reefs, Queensland, Australia, trawled, 1 dd. Distribution. Red Sea, south to Mauritius, east to Queensland, Australia. Intertidal to 15 m. Remarks. In their respective monographs of the genus Scalaria, Kiener (1838) and Sowerby II (1844) each illustrated species labeled Scalaria decussata Lamarck. Nyst, in his Tableau Synoptique et Synonymique (the “Tableau") presented at the December 3, 1871, meeting of the Société Malacologique de Belgique, erected the replacement name Scalaria arabica for the species illustrated by Sowerby. Apparently, Nyst concluded that the species illustrated by Sowerby was not the same as Lamarck’s fossil species. Tapparone-Canefri (1876) erected the replacement name Cirsotrema kieneri for the species illustrated by Kiener because it was his opinion that Kiener’s species was distinguishable from both S. decussata Lamarck, 1804, and S. decussata sensu Sowerby II, 1844. Dunker ( 1882) also recognized that Sowerby’s species differed from Lamarck’s and erected the replacement name Amaea Sowerbyi, which is a junior objective synonym of Scalaria arabica Nyst, 1871. While Tryon (1887: 81) agreed that the species illustrated by Kiener was distinct from Lamarck’s fossil species, he went on to say that in his opinion, Kiener and Sowerby illustrated the same Recent species. Tryon, who apparently overlooked the replacement name erected by Nyst, used the name Scalaria kieneri for this species. Cleevely (1980: 240) commented that the species labeled Amaea decussata in his paper is virtually indistinguishable from ‘ Cirsotrema ’ kieneri, documenting that there were not only questions regarding a possible synonymy at the species level, but also questions regarding the correct generic assignment of this species. Because Nyst erected the replacement name S. arabica based on the specimen figured by Sowerby under the name S. decussata, Sowerby’s figured specimen is the holotype of S. arabica (ICZN, 1999: Art. 72.7). Kathie Way at NHMUK has informed us that the specimen from Arabia figured by Sowerby under the name Scalaria decussata is supposed to be in the collection at her institution. She was, however, unable to locate it. We hâve there fore reproduced an enlarged illustration of Sowerby’s figure (Fig. 7). Similarly, because Tapparone-Canefri erected the replacement name C. kieneri for the specimen figured by Kiener under the name S. decussata, Kiener’s specimen is the holotype of C. kieneri. We hâve reproduced Kiener’s figures (Fig. 5-6). Kiener noted that the figured specimen is in “the Muséum collection.” Kiener’s material, which presumably included this specimen, was acquired by Delessert and is now in the collection at the MHNG (Y. Finet pers. comm.). Yves Finet provided photographs of the sole specimen of Scalaria decussata in the Delessert collection (Fig. 3-4). Because it matches well, and is consistent in size with, the specimen figured by Kiener, we consider this specimen to be the probable holotype of Scalaria decussata Kiener, 1838, and, by extension, Cirsotrema kieneri. Comparison of these figures confions that the species figured by Kiener is conspecific with the species figured by Sowerby. Both specimens hâve the same angular teleoconch whorls with cancellate sculpture and the basal ridge and the sculpture on the base of the shell appears to be the same. Because of the combination of the cancellate sculpture on the convex teleoconch whorls, the occasional varices, and the strong basal ridge, we consider this taxon to be referable to the genus Amaea. Figures 1-12 1-2. Scalaria decussata Lamarck, 1804, MHNG, syntypes, photo of Fig 74 & 75 in Catalogue illustré de la Collection Lamarck. Mollusques Trachélipodes Fossiles, with permission. 3-4,11. Scalaria decussata Lamarck, sensu Kiener, 1838, length 40 mm, no locality data, MNHG 67919, probable holotype of Cirsotrema kieneri lapparone-Canefri, 1876. 5-6. Scalaria decussata Lamarck, sensu Kiener, 1838 (Kiener’s figure). 7. Scalaria decussata Lamarck, sensu Sowerby II, 1844 (Sowerby’s figure), holotype of Scalaria arabica Nyst, 1871. 8-9. Scalaria fimbriolata Melvill, 1897, length 19 mm, width 5 mm, Karachi, NHMUK 1897.7.30.90. (holotype). 10, 12. Cirsotrema fimbriolatum (Melvill, 1897), length 59.6 mm, width 14.5 mm, Broome, Western Australia, 15 m, B. Neville coll. no. 1256. 82 L. G. Brown & B. D. Neville Novapex 12(3-4): 81-86, 10 octobre 2011 83 L. G. Brown & B. D. Neville Nomenclatural notes on Amaea arabica and Cirsotrema fimbriolatum Therefore, Tryon and Tapparone-Canefri were correct in concluding that the Recent species figured by Kiener and Sowerby is not synonymous with the fossil species S. decussata Lamarck, 1804, because S. decussata has a different sculpture that is évident in the photographs of the syntypes. Finally, in the course of preparing this manuscript, we discovered there is a question regarding the publication date of Nyst’s Tableau, which included his replacement name S. arabica, as well as replacement names for a number of other epitoniid taxa. While it has generally been given as 1871, the actual publication date could be as late as 1874. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) database gives the date of Elegantiscala arabica as 1872, though the source of the date is “not documented.” Nyst’s other names from the Tableau are cited in WoRMS as 1871. Nakayama (2003: 21) gives the date of Scalaria arabica as 1873, citing Bouiy (1913). This is evidently a typographical error on Nakayama’s part, however, as Boury (1913: 103) clearly gives 1871 as the date for the Tableau ; Nakayama (2003: 94) in his own bibliography gives the date of the Tableau as 1871. Because the Tableau was presented at a December 3, 1871, meeting, we question whether it would hâve been published that same year. When we checked the Zoological Record , we discovered that Nyst’s Tableau appeared for the first time in the 1874 volume, although it was listed with an 1871 date. While not definitive, it is an indication that the Tableau was published after 1871 and certainly no later than 1874. Buckhuys (1985) prepared a bibliographie note on the journals published by the Société Malacologique de Belgique. However, he began with the volume for 1872 and did not provide information on individual publication dates. Because we were unable to résolve this publication date question, we are following earlier authors in using an 1871 publication date for the Tableau. Notwithstanding the uncertainty regarding the publication date, since it is clear that Nyst’s Tableau was published prior to Tapparone-Canefri’s 1876 paper proposing the name C. kieneri for this Recent species, there is no question that the oldest available, and valid, name for the Recent taxon is therefore Nyst’s replacement name, Amaea arabica (Nyst, 1871). Genus Cirsotrema Môrch, 1852: 49 Type species: Scalaria varicosa Lamarck, 1822, by monotypy. Cirsotrema Jimbriolatum (Melvill, 1897) Figs 8-10, 12 Scalaria fimbriolata Melvill, 1897: 11, pl. 6, fig. 10; Melvill, 1898: 2, pl. I, fig. 12. Type locality: Karachi. Scala ( Cirsotrema ) fimbriolata : Melvill and Standen, 1903: 349. Cirsotrema kieneri: Wilson, 1993: 274, pl. 44, fig. 3; Weil, et. al. 1999: 128, fig. 401 (non Tapparone- Canefri, 1876). Epitonium fimbriolatum: Bosch and Bosch, 1982: 52. Amaea fimbriolata: Bosch, Dance, Moolenbeek, et. al., 1995: species no. 400. Amaea ( Scalina ) kieneri: Nakayama, 2003: 21, pl. 20, fig. 1-3 (non Tapparone-Canefri, 1876). Material Examined. Off Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia, 61-79 m, 1 dd. Urangan, south Queensland, Australia, 1 dd. Broome, Western Australia, 15 m, 1 lv. 80 Mile Beach, Western Australia, 1 Iv. Distribution. Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf, east to Japan and Queensland, Australia. Intertidal to 79 m. Remarks. Cirsotrema fimbriolatum has also been confused with A. arabica, but differs from it markedly in structure, indeed belonging to a different genus. The original figures of Scalaria fimbriolata (Melvill, 1897, and particularly Melvill, 1898) illustrate particularly well the characters of this species. Unfortunately the quality of the original image is not suitable for enlargement and reproduction here. While it is superficially similar to A. arabica, this species can be distinguished by the characteristic Cirsotrema costae and the base of the shell. The base of C. fimbriolatum is ringed by a sériés of triangular projections resembling teeth on a cog, whereas A. arabica has a simple basal ridge lacking these triangular projections (Fig. 1 I, 12). Scalaria fimbriolata is referable to the genus Cirsotrema because of the combination of the strong basal disk, spiral lirae, and the strongly crispate costae that consist of numerous plates that are fused together. This combination of teleoconch characters is présent in Cirsotrema varicosum (Lamarck, 1822) and a number of other species that hâve been referred to the genus Cirsotrema s.s. Species in the genus Amaea can hâve similar teleoconch scupture, but lack the crispate costae consisting of numerous fused plates. Acknowledgments We want to thank Yves Finet at the MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland, who furnished the photographs of the specimen of S. decussata (sensu Kiener) in the Delessert collection and authorized us to reproduce the figured specimens of S. decussata Lamarck in this manuscript. We also want to thank Kathie Way at NHMUK, London, England, who provided information on the holotype of S. arabica and furnished the photographs of the holotype of S. fimbriolata. Henry Domke photographed the i 11 ustrated specimen in the Bruce Neville collection. Alan J. Kohn ot University of Washington Biology provided excerpts of the catalog of Lamarck’s types. Emilio Garcia called our attention to the question of the dates of Nyst’s Tableau , and Paul Callomon at the 84 L. G. Brown & B. D. Neville NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 81-86, 10 octobre 2011 Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and Richard E. Petit provided helpful comments on this question. Lawrence Gall of the Peabody Muséum of Natural History, Yale University, prepared the plate. REFERENCES Adams, H. and Adams, A. 1853-1858. The généra of Recent Mollusca, arranged according to their organisation. Van Voorst, London, 484 pp. Backhuys, W. M. 1985. Bibliographie note on the joumals of the Société (Royale) Malacologique de Belgique. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie= Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternarv geology. 22(4): 173-199. Bosch, D. and Bosch, E. 1982. Seashells of Oman. Longman Group, Harlow, Essex, 206 pp. Bosch, D. T., Dance, S. P., Moolenbeek, R. G., et al. 1995. Seashells ofeastern Arabia. Motivate Publishing, Dubai, 300 pp, Boury, E., de. n.d. [unpublished plates]. Unpublished manuscript at Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Boury, E., de. 1909. Catalogue des sous-genres de Scalidae. Journal de Conchyliologie 57: 255-258. Boury, E., de. 1913. Observations sur quelques espèces ou sous-genres de Scalidæ. Journal de Conchyliologie 61 ( 1 ): 65-112. Cleevely, R. .1. 1980. Two new British Cretaceous Epitoniidae (Gastropoda): evidence for évolution of shell morphology. Bulletin of the British Muséum (Natural History). Geology Sériés 34(4): 235-249. dessin, S. 1897. Die Familie der Scalariidae. In: Küster, H. C., Martini, F. W. & Chemnitz, J. H.. Sytematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Bauer & Raspe, Nümberg, 76 pp., pis. 1-18. Dunker, G. 1882. Index molluscorum maris Japonici conscriptibus et tabulis iconum XVI illustratus. Verlag Theodor Fischer, Kassel, 301 pp., pis. 1-16. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. Kaicher, S.D. 1983. Card Catalogue of world-wide shells. Epitoniidae Part III. Kaicher, St. Petersburg, FL. Kiener, L.C. 1838. Species général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes, comprenant la Musée Masséna, la collection Lamarck, celle du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, et les découvertes récentes des voyageurs. Genre scalaire. Rousseau, Paris, 22 pp. pis. 1-7. Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. 1804. Suite des mémoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris. Genre xxxii. Scalaire, Scalaria. Annales du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) 4(21): 212-214. Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. 1806. Explication des Planches Relatives aux coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Annales du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) 8: 77-79, pis. 8-10. Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de cés animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s’v rapportent; précédée d'une Introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'Animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Lamarck, Paris, 711 pp. Melvill, J. C. 1897. Descriptions of thirty-four new species of marine Mollusca from the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 4(7): I -25, pis. 26-27. Melvill, J. C. 1898. Further investigations into the molluscan fauna of the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, witb descriptions of forty species. Addendum: Description of a new Strombus from the Mekran coast of Beluchistan. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 42(4): 1-40, pis. 41-42. Melvill, J. C., and Standen, R. 1903. The genus Scala (Klein) Humphrey, as represented in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and North Arabian Sea, with descriptions of new species. Journal of Conchology 10(11 ): 340-351, pi. vii. Môrch, O. A. L. 1852. Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alphonso d’Aguirra & Gadea Cornes de Yoldi, Regis Daniœ Cubiculariontm Princeps, ordinis Dannebrogici in prima classe & ordinis Caroli tertii eques. Vol. Fasc. I, Cephalophora. Ludovici Kleini, Copenhagen, 170 pp. Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 1918. Catalogue illustré de la Collection Lamarck. Mollusques Trachélipodes Fossiles. Georg & Cie, Libraries, Geneva. Nakayama, T. 2003. A review of northwest Pacific epitonïids (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae ), Monographs of marine Mollusca. Backhuys, Leiden, 102 pp. Nyst, H. 1871. Tableau synoptique et synonymique des espèces vivantes et fossiles du genre Scalaria décrites par les auteurs, avec l'indication des pays de provenance ainsi que des dépôts dans lesquels les espèces fossiles ont été recueillies. Annales de la Société Malacologique de Belgique 6: [77]-147, pl. 144. Pease, W. H. 1867, Descriptions of sixty-five new species of marine gasteropodæ, inhabiting Polynesia. American Journal of Conchology 3(4): 271-297, pis. 23-24. Sowerby, G. B., IL 1844. Thésaurus conchyliorum, or, Monographs of généra of shells. Monograph of the genus Scalaria. Sowerby, London, 1(4): 83-108, pis. 32-35. 85 L. G. Brown & B. D. Neville Nomenclatural notes on Amaea arabica and Cirsotrema fimbriolatum Sowerby, G. B., II. 1874. In: Reeve, L A. Conchologia iconica: or, Illustrations of the shells ofmolluscous animais. Monograph of the genus Scalaria. L. Reeve & Co, London, pis. 1-16. Tapparone-Canefri, C. 1876. Rectifications dans la nomenclature de quelques espèces du genre Scalaria. Journal de Conchyliologie 24: 152-156. Tryon, G. W., Jr. 1887. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic. Vol. ix. Solariidœ, Ianthinidœ, Trichotropidœ, Scalariidœ, Cerithiidœ, Rissoidœ, Littorinidœ, Tryon, Philadelphia, 488 pp., pis. 1-71. Weil, A., Brown, L., and Neville, B. D. 1999. The wentletrap book: guide to the Recent Epitoniidae of the world. 1 st ed. Evolver srl, Rome, 244 pp. Wilson, B. 1993. Australian marine shells. Vol. 1. Prosobranch gastropods, part one. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, 408 pp. 86 J. Trôndle & J. Letourneux Novapex 12(3-4): 87-90, 10 octobre 2011 Description de Terebra niauensis n. sp. (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Terebridae) du Pléistocène de Niau, Tuamotu (Polynésie Française) Jean TRÔNDLÉ Attaché au Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Département Systématique et Evolution 55, rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France j .trondle@orange.fr Jean LETOURNEUX Mahina - Tahiti - Polynésie Française natualeyla@mail.pf MOTS-CLEFS. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Terebridae, Polynésie Française, Pléistocène KEYWORDS. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Terebridae, French Polynesia, Pleistocene RÉSUMÉ. Une nouvelle espèce Terebra niauensis n.sp. du Pléistocène est décrite de Niau, Archipel des Tuamotu (Polynésie Française) et est comparée à Terebra gouldi Deshayes, 1857, espèce proche actuelle et endémique des Iles Flawaii. ABSTRACT. Terebra niauensis n. sp. is described from Niau, Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) dated Pleistocene and is compared with Terebra gouldi Deshayes, 1857, a quite similar présent species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. INTRODUCTION Les tests de Terebra niauensis n. sp. proviennent de sables coralliens et coquilliers récoltés sur l’atoll de Niau. L’atoll présente actuellement une altitude de 7,5 m et son lagon saumâtre est sans communication directe avec l'océan et d’une profondeur moyenne de 2 m. Les sables détritiques extraits en bordure du lagon correspondraient à un niveau marin du dernier interglaciaire (Pléistocène, environ 125 000 ans), niveau plus élevé qu’actuellement (de 6 à 10 m) alors que le lagon communiquait avec l’océan. Dans ces sédiments détritiques une autre espèce de mollusque gastropode a été récemment décrite par Trôndlé et Salvat (2010). Abréviations BMNH: The Natural History Muséum, London, U.K. CRIOBE: Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l’Environnement, Moorea, Polynésie française. EPHE: École Pratique des Hautes Études, Perpignan, France. 1RSNB: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. AW: Anders Warén, Swedish Muséum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. GK: Gijs Kronenberg, Netherlands. GP: Gustav Paulay, Florida Muséum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. JL: Collection Jean Letourneux. JT: Collection Jean Trôndlé. MB: Collection Michel Boutet. PF: Polynésie Française. SYSTÉMATIQUE Famille TEREBRIDAE Môrch, 1852 Genre Terebra Bruguière, 1789 Espèce type: Buccinum subulatum Linné, 1767, par monotypie, Lamarck, 1799 Terebra niauensis n. sp. Figs 1-5, 8, 9 Matériel type. 18 individus; holotype: 96,5 mm, MNHN 23685 (Figs. 1, 2); paratype: 89,5 mm, CRIOBE (Fig. 3, 8, 9); 9 paratypes MNHN 23686: 78 mm (Fig. 4), 81,6 mm, 74 mm, 62,7 mm, 62 mm, 60,4 mm, 55 mm. 50,7 mm et 49,8 mm; paratype 61,2 mm, JT (Fig. 5); paratype 86,1 mm, JL; paratype 84 mm, GP; paratype 79,1 mm, AW; paratype 87,5 mm, (Mairie de Niau); paratype 87,8 mm, MB; paratype 60,6 mm, GK. Localité type. Atoll de Niau, Tuamotu, Polynésie Française, 16°08’S, 146°20’W. 87 J. Trôndle & J. Letourneux Terebra niauensis n. sp. de Polynésie Française Description de l'holotype. Coquille d'une hauteur de 96,5 mm, d'aspect brillant et de couleur uniformément blanche; sous UV le test apparaît de teinte ivoire et présente quelques taches brunes sous la suture. La protoconque est absente et la téléoconque compte 14 tours. Les tours sont légèrement convexes. La bande sous-suturale est délimitée par une suture profonde et un sillon sous-sutural bien marqué; elle est ornée de petits nodules, 12 sur le dernier tour, en forme d'accent grave occupant toute la bande sur les premiers tours puis plus espacés et se détachant sensiblement de la suture sur les tours suivants. L'espace entre ces nodules est orné de fines stries axiales occupant toute la hauteur de la bande sous- suturale, Les tours sont sculptés de très nombreuses côtes axiales, anguleuses sur les premiers tours et d'épaisseur variable; ces côtes sont dans le prolongement des stries et des nodules de la bande sous-suturale. La sculpture axiale est obsolescente en avant des derniers tours et sur le dernier tour. Absence de sculpture spirale. L'avant dernier tour présente un orifice circulaire de 5 mm de diamètre, empreinte d'un prédateur. Le dernier tour et l'ouverture sont allongés. Le diamètre du dernier tour est de 20 mm et la hauteur de l'ouverture de 24 mm. La lèvre est fine. La columelle est légèrement convexe, oblique et présente un pli médian. Distribution. Uniquement connue de la localité type. Remarques. La taille maximum observée est celle de l'holotype. La protoconque est absente chez tous les exemplaires examinés. L'espace entre les nodules de la bande sous-suturale et leur nombre (de 12 à 20) sur le dernier tour sont variables. Quatorze des dix-huit exemplaires examinés présentent une perforation circulaire, témoin de la présence de prédateurs dans le même habitat. Ces perforations régulières, plus larges à l'entrée qu’au fond sont typiques de celles occasionnées par les Naticidae (Cemohorsky, 1971). Notocochlis gualteriana (Récluz, 1844) et Polinices tumidus (Swainson, 1840), présents en grand nombre dans les sédiments étudiés de la thanatocénose, sont probablement ces prédateurs. Terebra niauensis n. sp. est proche de Terebra gouldi Deshayes, 1857 (Figs 6, 7) par sa taille et son aspect général. Elle en diffère par sa sculpture axiale plus irrégulière au niveau de la bande sous-suturale et plus fine au niveau des tours. Cette sculpture tend à être obsolescente sur les derniers tours alors qu'elle reste constante et bien marquée chez T. gouldi. Le dernier tour et l'ouverture de T. niauensis sont nettement plus allongés. L'observation sous UV n'a mis en évidence que quelques taches sous la suture alors que le test de T. gouldi est orné de maculations régulières sur la bande sous-suturale et de deux bandes brunes sur le dernier tour. Le récent inventaire des mollusques de Polynésie Française (Trôndlé & Boutet, 2009) fait état de la présence de 66 espèces de Terebridae dont 59 clairement identifiées. Parmi les grandes espèces Terebra dimidiata (Linné, 1758), espèces à large répartition indo-pacifique, est la seule a posséder un aspect général relativement proche de Terebra niauensis. Cependant la sculpture de Terebra dimidiata est constante (Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987) et son test entièrement lisse, à l'exception des tout premiers tours, à la différence de Terebra niauensis. Une autre espèce Terebra caledonica Sowerby, 1909, récemment redécouverte (Conde & Terryn, 2003), endémique de l'Ile des Pins, extrêmement variable dans sa sculpture, possède certaines formes également proches de Terebra niauensis mais en diffère par sa taille plus petite et son aspect général plus trapu. Plusieurs études ont été réalisées sur les faunes malacologiques du pléistocène des îles avoisinantes de la Polynésie Françaises où peu ou pas de Terebridae ont été signalés: Tongatabu [Ostergaard , 1935 (T. cerithina, T. subulata)], Hawaii [Ostergaard, 1939 (T. gouldi)], Henderson [Spencer & Paulay, 1989 (aucun Terebridae)]. En revanche 9 espèces sont citées par Ladd (1982, p. 81-85, pl. 30) du pléistocène des Nouvelles Hébrides (Vanuatu). Parmi elles, deux espèces sont proches de T. niauensis: T. dimidiata [déterminée de façon erronée comme T. cf. felina ( pl.30, fig. 10-12)] et Terebra (Oxymeris) interlineata Deshayes (pl. 30, fig. 9). La détermination de cette dernière est faite par Ladd sur un seul exemplaire. T. interlineata, considérée comme synonyme de la très variable Terebra crenulata (Linné, 1758), possède une sculpture axiale de ses premiers tours différente; par ailleurs seules des lignes brunes ornent la bande sous suturale et non des taches. L'exemplaire de Ladd est difficile à séparer des exemplaires juvéniles, de taille identique, de T. niauensis. Etymologie. L'espèce est nommée d'après la localité type. Figures 1-9 1-5, 8, 9. Terebra niauensis n. sp. 1, 2. Holotype MNHN 23685, 96,5 mm; 3, 8, 9. Paratype CRIOBE, 89,5 mm: 4. Paratype MNHN 23686, 78 mm; 5. Paratype Coll. JT, 61,2 mm. 6, 7. Terebra gouldi Deshayes, Lectotype 197962/1 BMNH, 61,6 mm. J. Trôndle & J. Letourneux Novapex 12(3-4): 87-90, 10 octobre 2011 89 I J. Trôndle & J. Letourneux Terebra niauensis n. sp. de Polynésie Française Remerciements Nous remercions Ludwig Blanc (PF) qui le premier a attiré notre attention sur la présence de coquilles fossiles sur l'atoll de Niau, Philippe Bacchet (PF) et Robert Gourguet (PF) qui ont activement participé aux récoltes, Michel Boutet (PF), connaisseur éclairé de la faune malacologique actuelle de Polynésie française, Pierre Lozouet (MNHN) et Yves Terryn (IRSNB) qui nous ont prodigué leurs conseils afin d'améliorer le manuscrit, Amelia MacLellan (BMNH) qui a mis à notre disposition les photos des types de Terebra gouldi Deshayes, Philippe Maestrati (MNFIN) pour les photos et la réalisation de la planche et Didier Merle (MNFIN) qui a permis l'observation sous lumière UV du matériel étudié. REFERENCES Bratcher, T. & Cemohorsky, W.O., 1987. Living Terebras of the World. A monograph of the Recent Terebridae of the World. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Fia. 236p. Cernohorsky, W.O., 1971. The Family Naticidae (Mollusca: gastropoda) in the Fiji Islands. Records of the Auckland Institute and Muséum, 8: 169-208. Condé, J. & Terryn, Y., 2003. Additional descriptive notes on Terebra caledonica Sowerby, 1909. Gloria Maris, 43(2-3): 31-39. Ladd, H.S., 1982. Cenozoic fossil mollusks from western Pacific islands; Gastropods (Eulimidae and Volutidae through Terebridae). Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1171: 100p. Ostergaard, M.J., 1935. Recent and fossil marine Mollusca of Tongatabu. Bernice P. Bishop Muséum , Bulletin 131: 3-59. Ostergaard, M.J., 1939. Report on fossil Mollusca of Molokai and Maui. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Muséum , Honolulu, Ffawaii, 15(6): 57- 77. Spencer, T. & Paulay, G., 1989. - Geology and geomorphology of Flenderson Island. Atoll Research Bulletin, 323: 18p. Trôndlé, J. & Boutet, M., 2009. Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. Atoll Research Bulletin, 570: 87p. Trôndlé, J. & Salvat, B, 2010. La thanatocènose du lagon de l’atoll de Niau (Polynésie française) avec la description d’une nouvelle espèce de Strombus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Strombidae). Zoosystema, 32(4): 613-623. 90 R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 91-97, 10 octobre 2011 New record of Typhinellus labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Sâo Tomé and Principe and discussion about its classification and geographical distribution Roland HOUART Research Associate Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique Rue Vautier, 29, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium roland.houart@skynet.be Sandro GORI Via Semesi, 7 57123 Livomo, Italy sandrogori@fastwebnet.it Peter RYALL St Ulrich 16 A-9161 Maria Rain, Austria peterryalll @hotmail.com KEY WORDS. Gulf of Guinea, Sâo Tomé and Principe, biogeography, Muricidae, Typhinae. ABSTRACT. The natural history of the islands of Sào Tomé and Principe is briefly discussed and a new record of a large typhine from Sao Tomé and Principe is commented. The examined specimens belongs to Typhinellus and are compared with the type species T. Icihiütus (Cristotori & Jan, 1832), occasionally better known as T sowerbii (Sowerby, 1833), a junior synonym. A list of the Muricidae collected in these islands is given in the appendix. INTRODUCTION Sào Tomé and Principe Islands are a group of small islands, relict of an ancient volcanic mountain range situated otfthe west African coast. They consists of two principal islands, Sào Tomé and Principe. They lie along a magmatic geological feature known as the Guinea line which is a flaw in the African tectonic plate more or less 1500 kms long that lias served as a channel for magmas for million ot years. The Guinea line extends across the océan continent and magmatic extrusions up through it hâve given lise to majoi oceanic and continental relief extending from Southwest to northeast, including the islands ot Annobon, Sào Tomé, Principe and Bioko and the mainland features of Mount Cameroon, the Cameroon highlands and the Jos plateau of Nigeria (Drewes & Wilkinson, 2004). The islands of Annobon, Sào Tomé and Principe are long known for the high level of endemism in theii biota and some taxa are shared in the latter two. The three islands are separated from each other and from the West African coast by océan depth up to 3000 m. Principe islands is geologically the oldest. Sao Tome being the largest with 850 square kilometers is situated on the equator line, south of Principe island and with other small islets (Ilheu das Cabras, Ilheu Santana, Sete Pedras, Ilheu das Rolas, Uheus Gabado/San Miguel and Ilheu Coco near Sâo Tomé; Ilheu Tmhosa grande, Ilheu Tinhosa pequena, Ilheu Bone de Joquei, Pedra Gale and Ilheu dos Mosteiros near Principe). Sâo Tomé, Principe and the small islets fonn the Republic of Sâo Tomé and Principe. One of the junior authors (SG) has travelled several times to both Islands, collecting eight times in Sào Tomé and twice in Principe. Collecting has been in various habitats and with different methods (scuba diving, using tangle nets or washing dead corals and small stones) both by day and night producing a sampling from 5 to 40 m depth. Previous research has been conducted by a number of earlier collectors as summarized by Fernandes & Rolân (1993) who themselves collected extensively in the islands primarily by snorkelling. Other recent works concerning muricids from the islands include Fernandes & Rolân (1990), Rolân & Fernandes (1991), Houart & Rolân (2001). Thanks to the introduction of scuba facilities in the area it was also possible more recently to explore the rocky coastlines more intimately and other new species of Muricidae hâve been described : Houart (2005), Rolân & Gori (2007), Houart & Gori (2008). Among the various muricids collected in both Islands (see appendix), a large typhine has led to a careful and refined examination. Typhinae species hâve a small size, rarely exceeding 40 mm in height, and hâve the particularity to grow hollow tubes (Fig. 1) situated between each pair of varices. These anal tubes are gradually closed and broken during the growth of the shell, only the last tube 91 R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall New record of Typhinellus labiatus remains open and can be long to very long when intact (Fig. 17). The situation of these tubes compared to the axial varices is used among other things as a tool for their generic classification. These tubes may be either situated half way between the varices or nearest to preceeding or succeeding varix, or even originate from the varix itself. The shell of Typhinae also has a sealed siphonal canal, four or very rarely five varices per whorl and, in some généra, a partition (Fig. 1), which is a lamellar outgrowth, or erect plate, joining the last varix of the whorl with the previous one. The edge of the aperture is erect and forms an entire peristome. The examined protoconchs of ail the Recent species are paucispiral, consisting of 1.5 to 2 whorls. Abbreviations JLD: Coll. Jean-Louis Delemarre - P: Principe - PR: Coll. Peter Ryall - RFI: Coll. Roland Houart - SG: Coll. Sandro Gori - ST: Sâo Tomé - lv: live-taken specimen - dd: empty shell. Descriptions of spiral sculpture use the terminology introduced by Merle (1999, 2001): P - Primary cord; PI - Shoulder cord; P2-P6 - Primary cords of the convex part of the teleoconch whorl. SYSTEMATICS Family TYPHINAE Cossmann, 1903 Genus Typhinellus Jousseaume, 1880 Type species by original désignation: Typhis sowerbii Broderip, 1833 = Murex labiatus Cristofori & Jan, 1832, Mediterranean, East Atlantic The shells belonging to Typhinellus are characterized in having a partition. There are four flange-like, frilled varices, constricted above the aperture and flaring at its abapical end; the varical flange of the last teleoconch whorl extends to almost the tip of the siphonal canal. The anal tube does not originate from the varix but is situated near the preceeding varix, and adpressed to the preceeding partition. Typhinellus labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) Figs 1-29 Murex fistulatus Risso, 1826 (not Muricites fistulatus Schlotheim, 1820). Murex labiatus Cristofori & Jan, 1832 Typhis sowerbii Broderip, 1833 Murex tetrapterus Bronn, 1838 Murex syphonellus Bonelli in Bellardi & Michelloti, 1841 Typhis (Typhinellus) tetrapterus var. protetrapterus Sacco, 1890 Typhis sowerbyi var. fulva Pallary, 1906 Typhis sowerbyi var. minor Pallary, 1906 Typhis (Cephonochelus) recens Nordsieck, 1972 Typhis sowerbyi elongatus Settepassi, 1977 Material examined from Sâo Tomé and Principe Sâo Tome. In fine sand and silt, 6 m, 1 lv (PR) (Figs 11-14); Ubabudu Reef, NE Sào Tomé, 00°15'804" N, 06°45'569" E, 20 m, 1 dd (PR); Lagoa Azul, NW Sào Tomé, 1 lv (SG) (Figs 6-7); Lagoa Azul, NW Sào Tomé, 10-14 m, 1 lv (SG); Lagoa Azul, NW Sào Tomé, 15 m, 1 lv (SG) Principe. Bahia das Agulhas, 01°36'06" N, 07°20'55" E, 15 m, 1 lv (SG) (Figs 9-10); Praia Evora, San Antonio, 01°38’24" N, 07°26'34" E, 7 m, on muddy sand, 1 dd (SG). DISCUSSION Keen (1944: 56) regarded Murex labiatus as a possible species dubium (sic) because Bellardi (1873) had earlier placed Murex labiatus in the synonymy of M. fistulosus Brocchi, 1814. Her decision was tentative because she had not seen a copy of their work and later Gertman (1969: 156) considered it was best to follow Keen's suggestion and consider Murex labiatus as a nomen dubium. However, the lectotype of Murex labiatus was figured afterwards by Pinna ( 1971 : pl. 76, fig. 12) and by Pinna & Spezia (1978: pl. 35, fig. 1). Typhis labiatus was described from the Pliocène of Castell'Arquato and is undoubtedly conspecific with the Recent Typhinellus sowerbii. A Pliocène specimen from Castell'Arquato is here illustrated for comparison (Figs 23-24). Typhinellus labiatus was also commented and illustrated by Houart (2001 ). There are no stable différences observed between the Mediterranean shells and the specimens collected in Sào Tomé and Principe. The specimens from West Africa are larger, occasionally almost twice as big as the Mediterranean shell but also with at least one additional teleoconch whorl. The spire looks also to be lower but we could not yet examine a specimen from Sao Tomé or Principe with an intact apex, ail of them having the first whorls eroded, so that : 1. The spire could be as high than in T. labiatus from the Mediterranean if we add the protoconch and teleoconch whorls 1 and 2. 2. We don't know exactly the number of teleoconch whorls in the specimens from Sâo Tomé and Principe, although the larger ones probably has 6 or 6.5 teleoconch whorls vs 4.5 or 5.5 in the examined Mediterranean specimens; as a reminder also, one of the syntypes of Typhis sowerbii is a large specimen of 24.5 mm (Fig. 2). The axial sculpture consists of 4 rounded varices with a shaip lamellae, ending with a short, strongly recurved spine at shoulder. The anal tube is strongly backward recurved, forming an angle of approximately 65-85° with the axis of the shell. The last anal tube (when intact) is long and hollow, the others are gradually shorter and closed. They are strongly adpressed to the preceding partition. The spiral sculpture consists of low cords, more apparent on the 92 R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall Novapex 12(3-4): 91-97, 10 octobre 2011 3 4 Figures 1-4 - Typhinellus labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) 1. Nomenclature. Livomo, Italy, 13.6 mm, (RH). 2. Syntype of Typhis sowerbii Broderip, 1833, Mediterranean, 24.5 mm, BMNH 197461. 3-4. Protoconch. SEM J. Cillis, IRSNB, scale bars 1000 pm. varices, ending as more or less recurved, short spines on varices. There are 6 primary cords (Fig. 1), P1-P6, occasionally shallow or almost obsolète in some specimens, sometimes with one to three secondary cords between P2 and P3 and/or P3 and P4, or P5 and P6. The protoconch has not yet been examined. The protoconch of Mediterranean specimens consists ot 1.5- 1.75 whorls (Figs 3-4). Other specimens of T. labiatus were reported lrom the western Atlantic. Gertman (1969: pl. 1, fig 5a-5c) illustrated a typical specimen of 17 mm from the Leeward lslands, near Nevis and reported the species also from Portobelo, Panama, from off Texas and from Egmont Key, Florida. Other specimens from the western Atlantic are occasionally larger and broader (Figs 25-29) but like Gertman (1969: 156), we also feel that these différences are within the range of variation of T. labiatus. A specimen collected in Principe by SG was eating a small bivalve. Fernandes & Rolân (1993: 38) reported they had collected in Sào Tomé a species they recorded as Typhis cf clarki Keen & Campbell, 1964. We suspect these authors were referring to the species which is the basis of this paper as one of the current authors (PR) 93 R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall New record of Typhinellus labiatus has material from the late Francisco Fernandes herein illustrated (fig. 11-14). Houart (1997: 84-85, figs. 234, 235 ) illustrâtes a specimen of Typhina expansa (Sowerby, 1873) as Typhis (Talityphis) expansus from the geographically close area of lie Banié, Gabon. However this species lives in a different substrata of very fine and thick sédiment washed down the nearby rivers. The animal lives submerged in détr itus and only the tip of the canal exits the surface (PR personal observation). In the islands, however, T. labiatus live on silty or muddy sand (SG). Typhina and T. expansa can be distinguished from Typhinellus by having a varical Range broadly expanded adapically, extending to midway of the siphonal canal; by having a broader last teleoconch whorl relative to the shell height, and by having the anal tube near the preceeding varix, but not adpressed as in Typhinellus. The examination of the syntypes of T. belcheri proved Typhina to be congeneric with Talityphis (Houart, 2002 ). Acknowledgements We are grateful to Emilio Rolân (Museo de Historia Natural, Santiago de Compostela, Spain) and Jean- Louis Delemarre (St. Nazaire, France) for checking the list of species collected in Sao Tomé and Principe and for their comments, Sandro Gori also thanks Jean-Louis Testori, owner of Club Maxel diving Center of Sao Tome and ail his team, composed by Edmilson Augusto, Lucas Tabares, Helder Brito, Apolo Pires, Esmael Cristovao, Eslander Campos and Armando Pires, that with patience and skill help him during the researches REFERENCES Bellardi, L. 1873.1 Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e delle Liguria. Part 1 : Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Memorie délia Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, ser. 2, vol. 27: 33-324. Figures 6-29 - Typhinellus labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) 6-8. Sào Tomé, Lagoa Azul, 31.2 mm, (SG); 9-10. Bahia das Agulhas, Principe, 15 m, 24.1 mm, (SG); 11-14. OU Sao Tomé, 6 m, in line sand/silt, 21.9 mm, (PR); 15-17. Kerkennah, Tunisia, 20.1 mm, (RH); 18-20. Kerkennah, Tunisia, 15.2 mm, (RH); 21-22. Mallorca, 16.6 mm, (RH); 23-24. Castell'Arquato, Piacenza, Italie, Pliocène, 16.8 mm, (RH); 25-26. Portobelo, East Panama, 60 m, 28.7 mm, (RH); 27-29. Portobelo, East Panama, 60 m, 26.5 mm, (RH). 94 • • R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall Novapex 12(3-4): 91-97, 10 octobre 2011 95 fl R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall New record of Typhinellus labiatus Drewes, R.C. & Wilkinson, J. A. 2004. The California Academy of Sciences Gulf of Guinea Expédition (2001). I. The taxonomie Status of the Genus Nesionilaxus Perret, 1976 (Anura: Hyperoliidae), Treefrogs of Sao Tome and Principe, with comments on the Genus Hyperolius. Proocedings of the California Academv of Sciences 55(20): 395- 407. Femandes, F. & Rolân, E. 1990. Nuevo genero y nuevas especies de la familia Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca, Neogastropoda) de la Isla de Sao Tomé. Bollettino Malacologico 25(9- 12): 341-348. Femandes, F. & Rolàn, E. 1993. Marine molluscs of Sâo Tomé and Principe: bibliographie actualization and new contributions. Iberus, 11(1): 31 -47. Gertman, R.L. 1969. Cenozoic Typhinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Western Atlantic région. Tulane Stndies in Geology andPaleontology 7(4): 143-191. Houart, R. 1997. Les Muricidae d'Afrique occidentale II. Ocenebrinae, Ergalataxinae, Tripterotyphinae, Typhinae, Trophoninae & Rapaninae. Apex 12(2-3): 44-91. Houart, R. 2001. A review of the Recent Mediterranean and Northeastem A tlantic species of Muricidae. Evolver: 1-227 (5 May 2001). Houart, R. 2002. Description of a new typhine (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from New Caledonia with comments on sonie generic classifications within the subfamily. Venus 61(3-4): 147-159. Houart, R. 2005. Description of a new species of Muricopsis (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Muricopsinae) frorn Sào Tome, West Africa. Novapex 6(4): 119-122. Houart, R. & Gori, S. 2008. Description of a new Muricopsis species (Muricidae: Muricopsinae) from Northwest Sào Tomé. Novapex 9(4): 149- 153. Houart, R. & Rolân, E. 2001. A new Muricopsis (Gastroposa, Muricidae) from Annobôn Island, Eastern Atlantic. Novapex 2(2): 61-66. Keen, A.M. 1944. Catalogue and révision of the gastropod subfamily Typhinae. Journal of Paleontology 18 (1): 50-72. Merle D. 1999. La radiation des Muricidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) au Paléogène: approche phylogénétique et évolutive. Paris. Unpublished thesis. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle : i-vi, 499 pp. Merle D. 2001. The spiral cords and the internai denticles of the outer lip in the Muricidae: terminology and methodological comments. Novapex 2(3): 69-91. Pinna, G. 1971.1 Tipi delle specie di Gasteropodi terziari istituite de Giuseppe De Cristofori e Giorgio Jan nel 1832 conservati nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. Atti Società Italiana Scienza Naturale et Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 112: 421 -440. Pinna, G. & Spezia, L. 1978. Catalogo dei Tipi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano V. I Tipi dei gasteropodi fossili. Atti Società Italiana Scienza Naturale et Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 119(2): 125-180. Rolân, E. & Femandes, F. 1991. Muricopsis (Risomurex) (Gastropoda, Muricidae) de las islas de Sao Tomé y Principe (Golfo de Guinea, Africa Occidental). Apex 6(1-2): 11 -20. Rolân, E. & Gori, S. 2007. A new species of Muricopsis (Muricidae: Muricopsinae) from Sâo Tome Island. Novapex 8(1): 23-26. 96 R. Houart, S. Gori & P. Ryall Novapex 12(3-4): 91-97, 10 octobre 2011 Appendix List of Muricidae (excluding Coralliophilinae) collected in Sâo Tome (ST) and Principe (P) (*) = endemic Bolinus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (ST) Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Hexaplexrosarium (Rôding, 1798) (ST & P) JLD. PR, SG Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Favartia (Favartia) emersoni (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976 (ST) SG new record Favartia (Murexiella) bojadorensis (Locard, 1897) (ST) SG new record Homalocantha melanamathos (Gmelin, 1791) (ST & P) SG new record Muricopsis delemarrei Houart, 2005 (ST & P) (*) JLD, PR, RH, SG Muricopsis hernandezi Rolân & Gori, 2007 (ST) (*) PR, RH, SG Muricopsis matildeae Rolân & Fernandes, 1991 (ST) (*) JLD, PR, RH, SG Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Muricopsis principensis Rolân & Fernandes, 1991 (P)(*) PR Muricopsis rutilus mariangelae Rolân & Fernandes, 1991 (ST & P) (*) JLD, PR, RH, SG Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Muricopsis testorii Houart & Gori, 2008 (ST) (*) PR, RH, SG Pradoxa confirmata Fernandes & Rolân, 1989 (ST & P) (*) JLD, PR, RH, SG Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Pradoxa thomensis Fernandes & Rolân, 1989 (ST& P) (*) PR, RH, SG Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 lnermicosta inermicosta ( Vokes, 1871 ) (ST & P) JLD, Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Monda nodulosa (C.B. Adams, 1845) (ST & P) JLD, PR, SG, Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Trachypolia turricula (Maltzan, 1884) (ST & P) PR (maybe reported in Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 as Ocinebrina suga ) Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) (ST & P) JLD, Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Thais nodosa (Linnaeus, 1767) (ST & P) JLD, Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 Typhinellus labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (ST & P) PR, SG (maybe reported in Fernandes & Rolân, 1993 as Typhis cf clarcki) A few species mentioned by Fernandes & Rolân (1993) are questionable or/and actually junior synonyms. They were mostly quoted from older records: Murex turbinatus Lamarck, 1822. Is a synonym of Hexaplex duplex (Rôding, 1798) Murex hoplites Fischer, 1876. Is a synonym of Hexaplex duplex (Rôding, 1798) Murex tumulosus Sowerby. 1841. Is a synonym of Bolinus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see above) Muricopsis blainvillei Payraudeau, 1826. Is a synonym of Muricopsis cristatus (Brocchi, 1814) As mentioned by Fernandes & Rolân (1993: 45 [C9]): "we hâve not found this species and the record is probably due to the confusion with some of the recently describcd species and mentioned in the list", this makes référencé to Muricopsis mariangelae and M. matildae (E. Rolân in litt.). Ocinebrina suga (Fischer-Piette, 1942). See above under Trachypollia turricula Typhis cf. clarki Keen & Campbell, 1964. See above under Typhinellus labiatus Thais ascensionis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832). Is a synonym of Thais nodosa (see above) Thais neritoidea (Linné. 1767). Is a synonym ot Thais nodosa (see above) 97 E. F. Garcia Novapex 12(3-4): 99-107, 10 octobre 2011 Two new species of Epitonium (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae) from the western Atlantic Emilio F. GARCIA 115 Oak Crest Dr. Lafayette, LA 70503 Efg21 12@louisiana.edu KEYWORDS. Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Puerto Rico, taxonomy, Epitoniidae, Epitonium n. spp. ABSTRACT. Two new Epitonium species from eastem Florida, the Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico are described and compared with similar congeners. Spécial attention is given to E. championi Clench & Turner, 1952, the most similar to the two proposed new taxa. INTRODUCTION In June, 2005, faculty members and graduate student in the Biology Department at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette went on a research expédition to Bahia de Campeche. Southern Gulf of Mexico, on board the R/V Pélican, a research vessel operated by the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON). Results of this expédition hâve been reported elsewhere (Garcia, 2006, 2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c). This area of the Gulf, located in the Southwest quadrant, lias been poorly sampled. The single campaign in 2005 increased the known diversity of the area from 575 to 674, that is by 17% (Rosenberg et al., 2009: 584). Among the interesting material dredged in 120 hauls in Bahia de Campeche, there was an epitoniid species, collected at only two consecutive stations. Although there hâve been 56 species of Epitoniidae recorded from the Gulf of Mexico (Rosenberg et al, 2009: 583), the Campeche specimens defied identification. The species looked similar to Epitonium championi Clench & Turner, 1952, a taxon that had been erroneously reported from the Gull of Mexico (Garcia & Lee, 2002:11; Rosenberg et al., 2010: 641); however, upon close inspection of the holotype of E. championi and other type material, important différences came to light. Moreover, after studying other epitoniids from the Gulf and elsewhere, rnostly from the Harry G. Lee collection, a second undescribed species was revealed that had been hitherto identified as E. championi and E. turritellula. This was a very surprising fmd, as the species inhabits a large area, at least from Texas and Louisiana to Sanibel Island, northeast Florida and Puerto Rico. This study proposes two new Epitonium taxa and scrutinizes them against their most similar congener, E. championi , as well as other less- likely congeneric taxa. Abbreviations BMSM: Bailey- Matthews Shell Muséum, Sanibel, Florida, USA. EFG: author’s collection. HGL: Harry G. Lee collection, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. HMNS: Houston Muséum of Natural Science, Houston, Texas, USA. LACM: Los Angeles County Natural History Muséum, Los Angeles, California, USA. MCZ: Muséum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. SBMNH: Santa Barbara Muséum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA. UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autônoma de México, Ciudad México,México. USNM: United States National Muséum, Washington, D.C., USA. spec: specimen(s). SYSTEMATICS Family EPITONIIDAE S. S. Berry, 1910 Genus Epitonium Rôding, 1798 Type species: Turbo scalaris Linnaeus, 1758 by subséquent désignation by Suter (1913). Epitonium championi Clench & Turner, 1952 Figs 1-12, Table I Material examined. Holotype MCZ 182900 length 11.5 mm, width 4.6 mm, Massachusetts, Cape Cod, Hyannis, Lewis Bay (Figs 1-5); 3 paratypes, MCZ 162585 Massachusetts, Martha’s Vineyard, Gay Head (see Figs 6 and 7) ; 6 spec.; Emerald I., North Carolina, 34°40T’N 77°0’49”W (HMNS 47485); Stone Harbor, New Jersey, 39°02’8”N 74°46’03”W (HMNS 47484) (Fig. 9), 1 spec.; Florida, Duval County, off Big Talbot I., 10-20 m (see Figs 10 to 12) (HGL); 2 spec., Florida, Duval County, S.Jacksonville Beach (see Fig. 8) (HGL); 1 spec., Florida, Duval County, Fort George(HGL). Distribution. South coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Duval County, NE Florida. Original description. “ Shell reaching about 14 m (1/2 inch in length, attenuate, imperforate, rather solid 99 E. F. GarcIa Two new species of Epitonium and strongly sculptured. Whorls 10 to 11, convex and attached. Color a liât white to a light cream. Aperture subcircular, with both the palatal and pariétal margins thickened. The palatal or outer lip being greatly thickened in older specimens. Columella short and arched. Spire extended and produced at an angle of 20°. Suture moderately impressed. Axial sculpture consisting of 8 or 9 flattened cord-like, slightly impressed costae which are rather variable as to width. Spiral sculpture consisting of 19 to 20 flattened ridges, those nearest the umbilical area being a little narrower. Basal ridge absent. Operculum thin, paucispiral and brown in color. Nuclear whorls 2 1/2 to 3,smooth and opaque” (Clench and Turner, 1952:318). Discussion. In their original description Clench and Turner (1952:318) described E. championi as having flattened, cord-like axial costae and flattened spiral ridges. Later on, in their “Remarks,” they elaborate on this distinctive sculpture, stating that it “appears much like a basket weave in which the upright and outer struts (the axial costae) arc woven tightly, causing the horizontal weave (the spiral ridges)to bulge outwardly between the struts” (p. 319). This peculiar character of the species is clearly seen on Fig. 4, a close-up of the holotype, and Fig. 12, a specimen dredged off Duval County, Florida. The authors subsequently State that E. championi “is perhaps a divergent element of E. candeanum, in which both axial and spiral sculpture hâve had an excess of development” (p. 319); however, E. candeanum has blade-like axial costae and a microsculpture of axial and spiral threads. Clench & Turner did not observe the presence of a microsculpture in the type material of E. championi, nor did 1 on examining them. This character was also lacking from ail the specimens examined, including those from northeast Florida (see Figs 4 & 12). The juxtaposition of E. candeanum and E. championi, i.e., blade-like vs. cord-like axial costae, has lead to the misidentification of the species described herein as E. leali, which does show the cord-like (although not very flattened) costae of E. championi but also a microsculpture between the axial éléments lacking in the latter. Other différences will be shown in the discussion of the former. The maximum reported size of E. championi is 13.7 mm (Rosenberg, 2009); however, I hâve examined a specimen from the Houston Muséum of Natural Science ( No. 47484) that measures 17mm (Fig. 9). Although Dr. Lee’s collection shows that E. championi is well-represented in NE Florida, the specimens of Epitonium ”championi ” from the Gulf of Mexico that I hâve examined, as weli as the specimen shown in the Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells (Tunnell et al, 2010:190) are misidentifications. Epitonium leali n. sp. Figs 13-26, Table II Epitonium championi Clench & Turner, 1952- Garcia & Lee, 2002:11. Epitonium championi Clench & Turner, 1952- Lee, 2009: 95, fig. 454. Epitonium championi Clench & Turner, 1952- Rosenberg et al., 2010:641. Epitonium tumtellula (Môrch, 1875)- Tunnell et al., 2010: 193. Type material. Florida, Gulf County, St. Joe Bay, Palm Point, 29°48’29”"N 85°17’52”W. Holotype USNM 1 150471 length 9.7 mm, width 3.6 mm (Figs 13-17) ;1 paratype SBMNH 149690 (Fig. 18); 1 paratype BMSM 17956 1 paratype EFG 29966; 7 paratypes HGL ail from the type locality. Type locality. Florida, Gulf County, St. Joe Bay, Palm Point, 29°48’29”"N 85°17’52”W. Other material examined. Puerto Rico: San Juan, Tsla Verde, 18° 25’ 39” N, 66° 0’ 36” W (Figs 24- 26)(1 spec., HGL). Florida: Duval County, off Big Talbot I., 10-20 m (7 spec. HGL)(see Figs 19 and 20) ; Lee County, Sanibel lsland ,26 o 27’N 82 o 0r W (3 spec.; BMSM 5687, BMSM 25698, BMSM 25708)(see Fig. 21); west end of St, Vincent I., 29.66° N 85.13° W (HMNS 47413). Louisiana: Terrebonne Parish, Isles Derniers, 29°3’41.44”N, 90°57’1.5r’W (1 spec., HGL; 2 spec. EFG I0350)(see Fig. 23). Texas: Heald Bank 29°12.5’N, 92°10.8’W, 10-13 m (1 spec., EFG 12861); Nueces Co, Port Aransas, 27° 50’ 1” N, 97° 3’ 39” W (2 spec., HGL)(see Fig. 22); San Luis Pass, Galveston, 29°5’2”N 95°7’12”W (HMNS 39743); Distribution. Puerto Rico, east Florida, west Florida, Louisiana, Texas. Figures 1-12. Epitonium) championi Clench & Turner 1-5. Massachusetts, Cape Cod, Hayannis, Lewis Bay. Holotype MSZ 182900 length 11.5 mm,width 4.6 mm. 6. Massachusetts, Martha’sVineyard, off Gay head. Paratype, 5.9 mm. 7. Massachusetts, Martha’sVineyard, off ' Gay head. Paratype, 9.2 mm 8. Florida, Duval County, S.Jacksonville Beach, 4.6 mm (HGL) 9 New Jersev Stone Harbor, 39°02’8”N 74°46’03”W, 17 mm (HMNS 47484), 10. Florida, Duval Co., off Big Talbot lsland 10-20 m, 8.4 mm (HGL). 11-12. Florida, Duval Co., off Big Talbot lsland, 10-20 m, 7.7mm (HGL) 100 E. F. Garcia Novapex 12(3-4): 99-107, 10 octobre 2011 101 E. F. Garcia Two new species of Epitonium Description. Holotype (Figs 13-17) 11.5 mm in length, attenuate (width/ length ratio 0.37). Protoconch damaged, remaining whorl smooth, white. Teleoconch of 8 moderately convex, joined whorls. Suture relatively deep. Axial ornamentation on early whorls of 16 or 17 narrow, well- defined, rounded costae, some becoming varicoid starting on fourth whorl; at least one varix per whorl after fourth; costae diminishing in number on later whorls, 10 on Iast whorl; posterior terminal embedding into suture, joining earlier whorl (Fig. 15); axial interspaces approximately 3 to 4 times as wide as costae, except where varical formations occur; 4 strong varices on last whorl. Spiral sculpture of 14 or 15 cords between sutures; cords uneven in strength, narrower than interspaces (Fig. 16); interspaces ornamented with numerous microscopie axial threads, which wrinkle top of spiral cords as they cross over (Fig. 16); base of last whorl convex, developing a shallow chink at umbilical area (Fig. 17). Aperture elongate-ovate, complété, with strong, wide labral varix, narrower on pariétal side. Operculum unknown. Shell pale pinkish- tan with white axial costae. Discussion. There is very little variation in ail the material studied, other than number and position of varices and slight variation in number of axial costae. Compare holotype Figs 13, 15 and 16 with Figs 24, 25 and 26, the specimen from Puerto Rico; also, see Table II. Some specimens from deeper water hâve a tendency to develop a more capacious last whorl, which also causes them to hâve a stronger umbilical dépréssion (Figs 19 and 20). Fresh specimens, such as those from the type locality and the specimen from Puerto Rico (Figs 24 to 26), hâve a pale pinkish- tan shell with white axial costae; ail other specimens are white. This new species has been confused with Epitonium championi, from which it differs by having more rounded axial costae which ernbed into a deeper suture (Compare Fig. 3 with Figs 15 and 26), in having narrower spiral cords that do not “bulge”, in having a secondary microsculpture in the axial interspaces (Compare Figs 4 and 12 with Figs 16 and 25), and in generally having a narrower shell (width/ length ratios 0.36 vs o.40). Although some specimens of E. leali do approach the same ratio as E. championi, this is due to the strong development of the last whorl. Epitonium leali may also be confused with Epitonium pigrum n. sp. The différences between the two taxa will be treated in the discussion of the latter. Epitonium tiburonense Clench & Turner, 1952 is superfïcially similar to E. leali, but the former is smaller; the holotype having 9 whorls at only 6.8 mm in length. Moreover, E. tiburonense has evenly distributed non- varicoid axial costae which “form a thickened pad” (Clench & Turner, 1952: 305) in the umbilical area, and lacks the secondary microsculpture of E. leali. Although Epitonium turritellula Morch, 1874 has been confused with the new species (Tunnell et al., 2010: 93), the former only grows to 6.5 mm (Rosenberg, 2009), producing 10 whorls at only 6.4 mm in length (Clench & Turner, 1952: 298). Also, E. turritellula has blade- like, more numerous costae (about 20 on last whorl) that tend to “peak” at the suture, giving the appearance of narrowly coronated whorls. Although ail of the specimens of Epitonium leali in this study were collected empty, it seems that the species inhabits very shallow water in the Gulf of Mexico, as most specimens hâve been collected at beaches from southwestem Florida to Texas. Etymology. Named for Dr. José H. Leal, Director of the Bailey- Matthews Shell Muséum, Sanibel, Florida and Editor of the prestigious malacological journal The Nautilus. This taxon honors him for his accomplishments in the field and for his willingness to help both personally and in his capacity as the Director of the Bailey-Matthews Shell Muséum. Epitonium pigrum n. sp. Figs 27- 40, Table III Type material. Mexico: Balu'a de Campeche, 20°51.49N, 92 Ü 21.44’W, in 63-65 m. Holotype USNM1150470 length 11.5 mm, width 4.3 mm; 1 paratype MCZ 373765 (Fig. 32); 1 paratype UNAM; 1 paratype EFG 26207 (Figs 33-34) 1 paratype BMSM 17957 (Fig. 35); 1 paratype SBMNH 149689 (Fig 36); 1 paratype HGL (Fig. 37). Bahia de Campeche, 20 ü 52.40 N, 92 U 24.83’W, in 77-81 m; 1 paratype LACM 3189 (Fig. 38), 1 paratypes EFG 26273 (Figs 39-40). Figures 13-26. Epitonium leali n. sp. 13-17. Florida, Gulf County, St. Joe Bay. Palm Point, 29°48’29”"N 85° 17’52”W. Holotype USNM 1150471 length 9.7 mm, width 3.6 mm. 18. Florida, Gulf County, St. Joe Bay, Palm Point, 29°48’29”"N 85°17’52”W Paratype SBMNH 149690 11mm. 19. Florida, Duval County, off Big Talbot F, 10-20 m, 14 mm (HGL) 20. Florida, Duval County, off Big Talbot I., 10-20 m, 13.5 mm (HGL). 21. Florida, Lee County, Sanibel Island, 26°27’N 82°01’ W, 18.5 mm (BMSM 25708). 22. Texas, Nueces Co, Port Aransas, 27°50T" N, 97°3'9" W. 8.5 mm (HGL) 23. Louisiana, Terrebonne Parish, Isles Derniers, 29°3’41,44”N, 90°57’1.51”W, 11.5 mm (EFG 10350). 24- 26. Puerto Rico, San Juan, Isla Verde, 18°25’39" N, 66° 0' 36" W, 9 mm (HGL). 102 E. F. Garcia NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 99-107, 10 octobre 2011 103 E. F. Garcia Two new species of Epitonium Type locality. Bahia de Campeche, 20°51.49’N, 92°21.44’W, in 63-65 m. Other material examined. Louisiana: 28°05’N, 90°59’W, in 114 m (HMNS 39750); 28° 37.920’N, 90° 36.550’W, in 22 m (EFG 23531).Texas: SSE of Freeport, 28°15’N, 95°0’W (HMNS 39734); Heald Bank, SSE of Galveston, 29°08’N, 94°01’W(HMNS 39735); S. of Galveston, 29 Ü 55’N, 94°41’W, in 20 m (HMNS 39736); SE of Freeport, 28 l, 19’N, 94°29’W, in 50 m (HMNS 39737); off Galveston, 28°52’N, 94°42’W, in 22 m (HMNS 39738); off Galveston, 29°16’N, 94°29’W, in 16 m (HMNS 39740); off Galveston, 28°21 ’N, 94°53’W (HMNS 39744); 30 mi. off Port Isabel, in 22-28 m (HMNS 39745); off Galveston, 28°18’N, 94°28’W, in 50 m (HMNS 39746); off Matagorda peninsula, 28°35’41”N, 95°58’59’W, in 15 m (HMNS 39747); Padre L, in 4 m (HMNS 39748); off Padre I., in 22 m (HMNS 39749) Distribution. Western Gulf of Mexico: Bahia de Campeche, Mexico; Texas and Louisiana, USA Description. Holotype (Figs 27-31 ) 11.5 mm in length, imperforate, attenuate (width/ length ration 0.37). Protoconch conical, smooth, glassy, with a brownish band on shoulder of whorls, of approximately 4 whorls; transition to teleoconch delineated by growth scar and change in opacity. Teleoconch of 9.5 convex whorls; whorls rapidly increasing in width. Suture relatively shallow, crossed by axial ornamentation. Axial sculpture of approximately 22 thin, erect costae on early whorls; costae curving adaperturally, slightly flattening, as they cross over suture, pasting on to the earlier whorl, some forming inconspicuous “peaks’ (Fig. 29), decreasing in number, becoming more cord- like on later whorls; 17 costae on last whorl; varices forming randomly starting at the end of fifth whorl; 3 varices on last whorl; microscopie axial wrinkles showing on interspaces between axial costae. Spiral sculpture of primary cords of uneven strength; microscopie spiral wrinkles appearing between them, creating pustulose surface as they cross axial éléments (Fig. 30); spiral ornamentation not Crossing over axial éléments; approximately 12 primary cords on early whorls, increasing in number on later whorls. Base of shell solid; umbilical area covered by pariétal thickness (Fig. 31). Aperture oval; pariétal and labral margins thickened; labral rnargin becoming patulose anteriorly, pariétal rnargin narrowing at posterior end. Shell milky-white with slight satin luster. Discussion. The main characters of the paratypes are consistent with those of the holotype; there is some expected variation in the number of axial costae (see Table III), and in the number and placement of varices. Epitonium pigrum is most similar to E. leali n.sp. They both hâve the same general proportions, a number of varicoid axial costae and similar microsculpture on interspaces. However, E. pigrum lias more numerous axial costae on early whorls (22 vs. 15) and on the last whorl (15 vs. 10), a shallower suture, and a solid umbilical area without a chink (compare Figs 7 and 35). More importantly, the production of the terminais of the axial costae of the two species as they cross the suture are quite different: E. pigrum produces flattened costae which curve adaperturally and adhéré to the previous whorl; E. leali maintains the rounded costae which embed into the deeper suture and do not turn adaperturally (compare Figs 15 and 26 with Figs 29 and 40). Although both species inhabit the Coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas, ffesh specimens of Epitonium leali can be found on beaches while E. pigrum inhabits offshore banks. Epitonium championi is also similar to E. pigrum in general shape, and the production of the terminais of the axial varices is similar, particularly when the specimens are not fresh (compare Fig. 3 with Figs 29 and 40) ; however, E. championi has fewer axial costae on early whorls (16 vs. 22) and on the last whorl (10 vs. 15), has more flattened axial costae, wider spiral cords that “bulge” out, and lacks a microsculpture (compare Figs 4 and 12 with Fig. 30). Etymology. From the Latin pigrum (adjective meaning lazy), referring to the relatively large number of prominent varices, presumably periods of rest. Figures 27-40. Epitonium pigrum n. sp. 27-37. Mexico, Bahia de Campeche, 20°51.49'N, 92°21.44'W, 63-65 m. 27-31. Holotype USNM 1150470 length 11.5 mm, width 4.3 mm. 32. Paratype MCZ 373765 33-34. Paratype BMSM 17957 35. Paratype SBMNH & 149689 36. Paratype LACM 3189 37 Paratype EFG 26207 38-40. Mexico, Bahia de Campeche 20°52 40'N 92°24.83'W, 77-81 m 38. Paratype HGL col. 39-40.Paratype EFG 26273. 104 E. F. Garcia Novapex 12(3-4): 99-107, 10 octobre 2011 105 E. F. Garcia Two new species of Epitonium Acknowledgements My spécial thanks to Dr. Harry G. Lee, of Jacksonville Florida, for the loan of much of the material used for this study, as well as for the donation of the holotype and several paratypes of Epitonium leali. The specimens of E. leali were eollected by the late Barbara Barfield, Southport, Florida. I am very grateful to Dr. José H. Leal, Director of the Bailey- Matthews Shell Muséum and Editor of The Nautilus, for giving me access to the type material of E. championi and for the loan of specimens front the Muséum; and very much appreciate the efforts of Tina Petway, Lucy Clampit and Eydie Rojas for rnaking available specimens housed at the Houston Muséum of Natural Science. Part of the material for this study is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0315995. REFERENCES Clench, W. J. and R. D. Turner. 1952. The généra Epitonium (part II), Depressiscala, Cylindriscala, Nystiella and Solutiscala in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 2: 289-356 Garcia, E. F. 2006. Six new species of mollusks (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea, Buccinoidea, Muricoidea) front Bahia de Cantpeche, southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Novapex 7(4): 77- 89. Garcia, E. F. 2007. Report on ntollusks eollected in a dredging expédition to Bahia de Campeche, southwestern Gulf of Mexico. American Conchologist 35(2)4-11. Garcia, E. F. 2008a. Eight new molluscan species (Gastropoda: Turridae) from the western Atlantic, with the description of two new généra. Novapex 9(1): 1-15. Garcia, E. F. 2008b. Eight new molluscan species (Gastropoda: Turridae) front the western Atlantic, with the description of two new généra. Novapex 9(1): 1-15. Garcia, E. F. 2008c An extension of the genus Spinosipella (Bivalvia: Verticordidae) in the Gulf of Mexico. American Conchologist 36(3): 8-9. Garcia, E. F. & H. G. Lee. 2002. Report on molluscan species found in the offshore waters of Louisiana, including many extensions of known range and un- named species. American Conchologist 30(4): 10- 13. Lee, H. G. 2009. Marine shells of northeast Florida. Jacksonville Shell Club: Jacksonville. 204 pp including numerous txt figures. Rosenberg, G. 2009. Malacolog 4.1.1 : A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. [WWW database (version 4.1.1 )] URL http://www.malacolog.org/. Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn & E. Garcia. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico. /«: Gulf of Mexico: Ils Origins, Waters, and Biota.1,1. Biodiversity. D. L. Felder & D. K. Camp, eds, Texas A & M University Press, pp. 579-699. Suter, H. 1913. Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington: Government Printer, pp. 1-1120. Tunnell, J.W, J. Andrews, N. Barrera, & F. Moretzshon. 2010. Encyclopedia o f Texas Seashells. Texas A & M University Press: College Town, 512 pp, including many color photos. TABLES Abbreviations: H: Holotype; P: Paratype; BT. Big Talbot L, NE Florida; Ft.G.: Fort Geroge, NE Florida; HB: Healds Bank, Texas; ID: Isles Derniers, Louisiana; JX: Jacksonville Beach, NE Florida; NJ: Stone Harbor, New Jersey; PA: Port Aransas, Texas; PR: Isla Verde, N. Puerto Rico; SI: Sanibel Island, W Florida; SJB: St. Joe Bay, NW Florida; SL Pass: San Luis Pass, Galveston, Texas. - Juvénile specimens were not included in the tables below. TABLE I. Epitonium championi Clench & Turner, 1952 Specimen Number of whorls Length in mm Width in mm W/L ratio Number of early axial costae Number of axial costae last whorl H Figs 1-5 7 11.5 4.6 0.40 14 9 P Fig, 7 7 9.2 3.6 0.39 16 11 BT 7.5 10 3.8 0.38 16 10 BT Fig. 11 7 7.7 3.2 0.42 16 10 BT 6 7.5 3.5 0.47 16 9 BT 6 7.1 3.1 0.44 18 9 BT Fig. 10 6 8.4 3.5 0.42 17 10 BT 7.5 8.8 3.8 0.43 16 10 Ft.G. 6 5.7 2.2 0.39 18 11 N,J. Fig. 9 8 17 5 0.29 16 9 Average 0.40 16 10 106 E. F. Garcia Novapex 12(3-4): 99-107, 10 octobre 2011 TABLE II. Epitonium leali n. sp Specimen Number of whorls Length in mm Width in mm W/1L ratio Number of early axial costae Number of axial costae last whorl H Figs 13-17 8 9.7 3.6 0.37 16 9 PSJB 9 9.9 3.5 0.35 16 8 PSJB Fig. 18 9 11 3.8 0.35 16 10 PSJB 7 10.7 4.2 0.39 14 10 PSJB 8.5 10.7 4.0 0.37 14 10 PSJB 8 9.4 3.6 0.38 16 10 PSJB 6.5 9.8 3.6 0.37 14 9 PSJB 8 8.5 3.2 0.38 16 11 PSJB 9 10 3.8 0.38 12 9 PSJB 8 9.0 3.3 0.37 16 10 PSJB 6.5 7.7 2.8 0.36 14 10 BT Fig. 19 8.5 14.0 5.3 0.38 15 10 BT Fig. 20 8.5 15.8 6.3 0.40 15 10 BT 8.5 13.5 5.0 0.37 16 11 BT 8 12.1 4.9 0.40 16 10 BT 8 8.0 3.0 0.38 18 9 BT 9 10.2 3.6 0.35 13 10 BT 8 7.2 2.7 0.38 17 9 HB 6.5 4.0 1.7 0.42 12 12 PA Fig. 22 7.5 8.5 3.5 0.41 16 10 PA 7.5 7.4 2.7 0.37 18 11 ID Fig. 23 8 11.5 4.3 0.37 13 10 ID 7.5 9.8 3.8 0.39 13 9 ID 7.5 10.7 4.5 0.42 14 9 PR Figs 24-26 8 9 3.2 0,36 15 9 SI 7.5 16.2 5.8 0.36 11 11 SI 8.5 18.6 6.3 0.34 9 10 SI Fig. 21 8.5 18.5 6.3 0.34 12 10 SL Pass 7 9.2 3.6 0.39 16 9 Average 0.36 15 10 TABLE III. Epitoniumpigrum n. sp. Specimen Number of whorls Length in mm Width in mm W/1L ratio Number of early axial costae Number of axial costae last whorl H Figs 27-31 9.5 11.5 4.3 0.37 22 16 P Fig. 32 10 11 4 0.36 23 16 P 9.5 12.6 4.3 0.34 19 15 P Figs 33-34 8.5 10.9 4.1 0.38 23 15 P Fig. 35 8 11 4 0.36 24 15 P Fig. 36 7.5 9.6 3.7 0.39 22 15 P Fig. 37 8.5 11.6 4.3 0.37 20 13 Average 0.36 22 15 107 «aW’PW^ . WHBEI B l _ D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Novapex 12(3-4): 109-118, 10 octobre 2011 First record of Pisidium punctiferum (Guppy, 1867) and Eupera viridans (Prime, 1865) (Mollusca: Sphaeriidae) from French Guiana David MASSEMIN Angle des rues Du Four et Des Remparts / 34380 Notre-Dame de Londres, France yoda.massemin@hotmail.fr yoda.massemin@wanadoo.fr Simon CLAVIER HYDRECO, Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut / B.P 823 / 97388 Kourou cedex, Guyane, France simon.clavier@hydrecolab.com Jean-Pierre POINTIER USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan / 66860 Perpignan cedex, France pointier@univ-perp.fr KEYWORDS. French Guiana, continental Bivalvia, Pisidium punctiferum, Eupera viridans, identification key. MOTS CLÉS. Guyane, bivalves continentaux, Pisidium punctiferum, Eupera viridans, clé d’identification. ABSTRACT. Two freshwater Bivalvia species identified as Pisidium punctiferum (Guppy, 1867) and Eupera viridans (Prime, 1865) were collected at severai places from French Guiana. Those new records bring the number of freshwater-molluscs species from this French overseas territory to 27 and extend the distribution area of the mentioned species to the Guiana Shield. An identification key to continental Bivalvia from French Guiana is theretore provided. RESUME. A l'occasion d'une étude hydrobiologique, Pisidium punctiferum (Guppy, 1867) et Eupera viridans (Prime, 1865) ont été collectés en Guyane. Ces deux bivalves, nouveaux pour l’inventaire, portent à 27 le nombre de mollusques dulcicoles connus de ce territoire ; leur aire de distribution naturelle est étendue en direction du Plateau des Guyanes. Une clé d identification des bivalves continentaux de Guyane est proposée. INTRODUCTION The Guiana Shield is an old Precambrian geological formation of more than 1,600 km long, located in the north-eastern part of South America, including Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and a part of Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima, Para and Amapâ States, west of the Amazona River). French Guiana (2°- 6° North latitude) stretches over almost 84,000 square kilométrés (Figure 1); it is a hot spot of biodiversity because 80% of the territory is covered by a tropical rain forest. considered as one of the 15 last worldwide remaining clumps only partially affected by human activities (Gargominy, 2003 & Hammond, 2005). An abundant and complex hydrographical System feeds this territory where acids and poorly mineralized waters are unfavourable habitats to freshwater molluscs. The difficulty to reach the upstream areas explains why this group was so poorly studied despite of some conséquent but old works (Drouet, 1859 & Tillier, 1980), until the recent publication of a molluscs identification guide (Massemin et al., 2009) in which 24 species of freshwater molluscs are listed. Nevertheless, thanks to hydrobiological investigations carried out in French Guiana under the auspices of the Water Framework Directive and EDF, one species was recently added to that list (Clavier et al, 2010). The aim of the présent article is to report for the First finie the presence of two freshwater Bivalvia species in French Guiana (Figure 2). This discovery carries the number of freshwater molluscs species known from French Guiana to 27 (Gastropoda & Bivalvia), belonging to 7 families; it gives the opportunity to the authors to présent a general illustrated identification key of the known species of continental Bivalvia inhabiting this territory (Figure 3; appendix 1 ). Material and Methods In order to assess the benthic French Guiana macroinvertebrate fauna [following the définition of Rosenberg and Resh (1993), the term “benthic” nieans “bottom-living” and the prefix “macro” indicates that 109 D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Pisidium punctiferum and Eupera viridans from French Guiana Figure 1. Geographical localization of French Guiana and mentioned localities from French Guiana. these organisais are retained by mesh size of 200-500 pm], an important hydrobiological study was carried out by HYDRECO laboratory during the dry season 2009 (from September to December), under the auspices of the local représentation of the French Ministry in charge of environmental questions (DIREN Guyane). Samplings were conducted by one of us (SC) on the entire territory in different habitats (large rivers, mid- order streams, small streams named locally “criques” and réservoir lakes) using a D-framed hand net (200 pm mesh size). Samples were collected by sweeping the net along the banks. The first centimètres of the substratum (organic and/or inorganic) were stirred to dislodge attached or buried macroinvertebrates. RESULTS A total of 125 live specimens of small freshwater Bivalvia peaclams species belonging to the Sphaeriidae Family and to two different généra, were collected in many watersheds (Figure 1, tables 1 & 2) and preserved in éthanol 70°. Registered specimens were deposited both in public (EPHE, Peipignan, France) and private collections (HYDRECO, Kourou, French Guiana). The material collected included a total of 81 Pisidium punctiferum (Guppy, 1867) and 44 Eupera viridans (Prime, 1865). Identilications of the species were made according to spécifie conchologically characters (Kuiper, 1983) and original descriptions of Guppy (1867) for P. punctiferum and Prime (1865) for E. viridans. Diagnose of the striate peaclam P. punctiferum was established according to the following criteria: 1/ The average size when adult is around 3 mm in length and 2.5 mm in height; 2/ The shell is oval and thin, the anterior valve is shorter and angulated in its posterior part; 3/ The test is diaphanous, finely striate concentrically and covered with numerous granular points, which are finer and more crowded on the 110 D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Novapex 12(3-4): 109-118, 10 octobre 2011 Figure 2. A. Eupera viridans (Prime, 1865), Crique Leblond, Sinnamary 4.1 mm; B. Eupera viridans Crique Leblond, Sinnamary 3.8 mm; C. Pisidiumpunctiferum (Guppy, 1867), Crique Arataï, Régina 2.9 mm, C. Pisidium punctiferum Saut Fracas 3.1 mm. umbones, where the concentric striation is less évident; 4/ A short periostracum may be présent and 5/ The hinge is well-developed with latéral teeth in both valves (1-1/1-1 ) and small cardinal teeth (2/2). Diagnose of the mottled fmgernail clam Eupera viridans, was established according to the following criteria: 1/ The size can be of about 8 mm when adult (Pointier, 2008); 2/ The shell is oblong, compressed and inequilateral, the anterior side is shorter and rounded, the posterior one is sub abrupt and the basal margin is slightly rounded; 3/ The test lias very regular and délicate striation, a cream colour with irregular dark brown spots, 4/ There is no mention of periostracum and 5/ It présents a sub central umbo and a cardinal tooth on each valve (Pointier, 2008). discussion The small freshwater mussels belonging to the Sphaeriidae Family are distributed ail over the world and the main généra, Pisidium , is cosmopolitan (Kuiper, 1983). Pisidium punctiferum was described from the Caribbean Island of Trinidad in 1867, under the name Cyclas punctifera ; the type locality is a pond at Saint Ann's River, near Port of Spain (10°39'00" N / 61°31’01" W): specimens were collected by the government botanist Prestoe and by Guppy [The first example was found by Mr. Prestoe, the colonial botanist, when we were examining the weeds in a pond at St. Ann, near Port of Spain, for Mollusca ]. Authors took a spécial care to compare the collected specimens to the peaclam Pisidium sterkianum Pilsbry, 1897 because this species is widely distributed from the Guiana Shield [from Venezuela (specimens collected by one of us, JPP, in 1987 and identified by Kuiper) and Brazil (Agudo- Padrôn, 2009; Mansur & Pereira, 2006)] to Argentina (Darrigran & Pastorino, 1995; Ituarte, 2007), including the Pemvian Amazon (Ituarte, 2004), Paraguay and Uruguay (Scarabino & Mansur, 2007). Pisidium sterkianum occupies the same type of D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Pisidium punctiferum and Eupera viridans from French Guiana Figure 3. A. Ostreidae Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), specimen collected on rocks, Montsinéry French Guiana, 93 mm, B. Ostreidae Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), specimen collected on a root in a mangrove, Montsinéry French Guiana, 78 mm; C. Dreissenidae Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831), Montsinéry French Guiana, 20 mm; D. Corbiculidae Polymesoda ch aequilatera (Deshayes, 1855). specimen without periostracum, Montsinéry French Guyana, 24 mm; E. Corbiculidae Polymesoda cf. aequilatera (Deshayes, 1855), specimen with periostracum, Montsinéry French Guyana, 17 mm; F. Hyriidae Castalia sulcata (Krauss, 1849), Tampok French Guiana, 47 mm; G. Hyriidae Diplodon granosus (Bruguière. 1792), French Guiana, 19 mm; H: Hyriidae Diplodon voltzi Vemhout, 1914, MNHN, Litany French Guiana, 64 mm; H. Hyriidae Diplodon granosus (Bruguière, 1792), Holotype MNHN, Cayenne French Guiana, 38 mm. habitats than P. punctiferum , i.e. small streams, lakes, etc. Consequently, P. sterkianum could probably be présent in the study area. This species may be distinguished from P. punctiferum according to the following characters (Pilsbry, 1897): 1. The average size when adult is around 6 mm in length and 5 mm in height; 2. The shell is équilatéral with the anterior end broadly truncated and beaks full but rather small; 3. The test, glossy, light yellowish outside and greyish- white inside, is very finely striated concentrically without granular points; 4. There is no mention in literature on the presence of periostracum and 5/ The cardinal teeth are parailel and the latéral tooth is lower and longer in the left valve. Pisidium punctiferum is mentioned in literature (Figure 4) from the United States of America [Kentucky, Virginia, Illinois, Texas and northeast Florida (Heard, 1979; Turgeon et al., 1998)] to Southern Brazil [Rio Grande do Sul State (Agudo- Padrôn, 2009; Martello et al., 2006; Simone, 2006)] and Uruguay (Henry, 1897), including the West Indies [Dominica (Starmühlner, 1988), Guadeloupe (Pointier 1974; 1976; 2008), Martinique (Guyard & Pointier, 1979; Pointier 2008), Saint-Lucia (Jordan. 1985 ; Mc Killop & Harrison, 1981; 1982) and Saint-Vincent (Harrison & Rankin, 1978)]. The species is mentioned in literature as living in Cuba (Starmühlner, 1988). It is probably due to misidenti lication, because even after recent investigations it has not been found there (Pointier et al., 2005). It is also signalled by the same author as D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Novapex 12(3-4): 109-118, 10 octobre 2011 Figure 4. Distribution area of Pisidium punctiferum. inhabiting Mexico, Panama, Jamaica, Venezuela and Paraguay but without any précisé mention nor author. The présent discovery expands the distribution of P. punctiferum to French Guiana and, consequently, to the Guiana Shield. Otherwise, the presence in neighbouring Suriname, where the species is not yet mentioned, is highly probable because 20 specimens were found in the Maroni River, frontier between Suriname to the west and French Guiana to the east [Apsik Icholi (05°09'06" N / 54 o 20’21" W), Crique Apatou (03°48’20" N / 54°08'36" W) and Papaïchton (3°05'34" N / 52°20'28" W)]. So, if the species has already been recorded in southem Brazil, its distribution area is potentially also extended to the northeast Brazil, because one piece was collected in the Oyapock River, frontier between French Guiana to the west and the Amapa State to the east. In literature, most authors mentioned to hâve observed P. punctiferum in lentic habitat: on the Saint Vincent Island, Harrison & Rankin (1978) found the maximum population densities in swamps; In Dominica, it was observed in exposed sunlit ponds (Starmühlner, 1988); In Guadeloupe, the species is inhabiting swamps, canals and flooded meadows (Pointier, 1974, 1976). In French Guiana, P. punctiferum has a large distribution area ail over the territory, from east to west, near the coastal line [Crique Apatou (03°48'20" N / 54°08’36'' W) and Crique Eau Claire (05°08'45" N / 52° 52'09" W)] to the head watershed [Apsik Icholi (02°59'10" N / 54°10'53" W)]. The species has a large ecological plasticity because it occupies a numerous variety of habitats as it was recorded from small streams with clear water (Crique Apatou and Crique Eau Claire) to muddy large rivers [Papaïchton (3°05'34" N / 52°20'28" W)]. The site where the most important number of specimens was collected (33) is a natural rocky ri file environment without signifïcant entropie pressures, [Saut Dalles, Sinnamary Watershed (04°33'21 " N / 52°54'03" W)]. A single individual was also found into the réservoir lake of Petit-Saut [Vata (04°51'58" N / 52°57'4r' W)]. The species was mainly found in water without entropie pressure. It would be interesting to focus on the sampling effort in these habitats in the rainy season, when the freshwater level grows, creating a lot of standing water habitats. Eupera viridans was described from the Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe in 1865, under the name of Sphaerium viridanfe by Prime (1865). The type locality is the city of Pointe-à-Pitre (16°14'00" N / 61°31'00" W). Little is known about its natural distribution (Figure 5). The species is only mentioned in literature from the West-Indian Islands of Guadeloupe (Pointier, 2008), Martinique (Delannoye, Personal communication, 2010), Saint-Lucia (Pointier, 2001) and Saint-Martin (Coonans, 1967). Eupera cubensis (Prime, 1865) is probably a synonym of E. viridans. Consequently, the distribution of the species 113 D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Pisidium punctiferum and Eupera viridans from French Guiana Figure 5. Distribution area of Eupera viridans. could be enlarged to Cuba, Costa Rica (Volkmer- Ribeiro & Machado, 2009), Texas and Florida (Heard, 1979) and to the Upper Mississippi River Basin too (Illinois), but as an introduced species (Sneen et al., 2009). The discovery of E. viridans in French Guiana would be the first record of this species for the South American continent. However, this information must be taken with caution, because the systematic of this genus remains confusing and misidentifïcations may occur in the literature. In the Lesser Antilles, Eupera viridans is common in marshes, canals and ponds, attached to the aquatic végétation or to wood débris (Pointier, 2008). In French Guiana, the 44 observed specimens were collected in a single spot at Leblond [Sinnamary watershed (04°46'37" N / 53°07’08" W)], an altered stream under entropie pressures such as illégal gold- mining or domestic sewages (Comité de Bassin de Guyane, 2006); this Bivalvia appears like a not sensitive taxa in terms of bio indication. Punctually distributed and first mentioned on the South America continent, the species lias a patrimonial value for French Guiana. In conclusion, we hâve to mention that the détection of minute clams is difficult in the coloured and charged in wood débris of the Guiana freshwaters. Lack of studies on this group together with these characteristics i.e. small size, difficult visual détection, explains the late discovery ofrelatively abundanttaxa on this territory. Sampling method is also an explanatory factor. Without a standardized collect protocol, knowledge on freshwater molluscs remains uncompleted (Massemin et al., 2009). The use of a hand net with very small mesh size (200 pm) would be a good alternative to collect minute species. In 2010, three new species of freshwater molluscs (one Gastropoda and two Bivalvia) from French Guiana were found using this technique, increasing the number of freshwater species mentioned from this overseas department. Why couldn’t the discovery of other species be expected in the future? Acknowledgements Simon Clavier is grateful to DIREN 973, to EDF GUYANE for finding the sampling in the Sinnamary watershed, and to the teams of HYDRECO and NT2 Aquatic Environmental Lab (AEL). 114 D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Novapex 12(3-4): 109-118, 10 octobre 2011 Study site Watershed Habitat type GPS Number of specimens Crique Eau Claire Kourou little stream 05°08'45" N / 52° 52'09" W i Takari Tanté Sinnamary large river 04°37'18" N / 52°55'38" W 2 Vata Sinnamary réservoir lake 04°51 ’58" N / 52°57'41 " W 1 Saut Fracas Mana large river 04°45'30" N / 53°40'49" W 4 Arataï Approuague large river 04°01'36" N / 52°41'35" W 17 Saut Dalles Sinnamary large river 04°33'21" N / 52°54'03" W 33 Athanase Approuague large river 04° 10'50" N / 52°21 ' 14" W 2 Apsik Icholi Maroni large river 02°59’10" N / 54°10’53" W 5 Crique Apatou Maroni little stream 05°09'06" N / 54°20'21" W 2 Papaïchton Maroni large river 03°48'20" N / 54° 08'36" W 13 Para Itou Oyapock large river 03°05'34" N / 52°20'28" W 1 Total 81 Table 1 Study site Watershed Habitat type GPS Number of specimens Leblond Sinnamary mid-order stream 04°46'37" N / 53°07'08" W 44 Total 44 Table 2 LITERATURE CITED Agudo-Padrôn, A. I. 2009. Recent Terrestrial and Freshwater Molluscs of Rio Grande do Sul State, RS, Southern Brazil Région: A Comprehensive Synthesis and Check List. Visaya Net (May 2009): 1-13. Clavier, S, Pointier, J.P. & Massemin, D. 2010. Découverte de Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828) (Mollusca: Planorbidae: Ancylinae) en Guyane. Novapex, 11(4): 115-118. Comité de Bassin de Guyane, 2006. État des lieux: caractérisation du district de la Guyane et registre des zones protégées, internai publication DIREN 973 Cayenne, 191p. Coonans, H.E. 1967. The non-marine Mollusca of St. Martin (Lesser Antilles). Studies on the Fauna of Curacào and other Caribbean Islands, 24: 118- 145. Darrigran, G. & Pastorino, G. 1995. The Recent Introduction of a Freshwater Asiatic Bivalve, Limnoperna fortunei (Mytilidae) into South America. The Veliger, 38(2): 171-175. Drouet, H. 1859. Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guyane Française. Extrait des Mémoires de la Société Académique de l'Aube. XXIII: 116 p., 4pl. Gargominy, O. 2003. Biodiversité et conservation dans les collectivités françaises d'outre-mer. Collection Planète Nature. Comité français pour 1TJ1CN, Paris, France. 246p. Guppy, R. .1. L. 1867. Description of a new freshwater bivalve found in Trinidad. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19(111): 160-161. Guyard, A. & Pointier, J.-P. 1979. Faune malacologique dulçaquicole et vecteurs de la Schistosomiase intestinale en Martinique. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 54 (2): 193-205. Hammond, D.S. 2005. Tropical Rainforests of the Guianan Shield. CAB1 Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. 560p. Harrison, A. D. & Rankin, J. J. 1978. Hydrobiological Studies of Eastern Lesser Antillean Islands: III. St. Vincent: Freshwater Molluscs; their distribution, population’s dynamics and biology. Archivfiir Hydrobiologie, 54:123-188. Heard, W.H. 1979. Identification manual ofthe freshwater clams of Florida. Technical Sériés, 4(2): 83pp. Henry, A. 1897. New Species ofMollusks from Uruguay. Pilsbry Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 49: p290. Ituarte, C. 2004. Sphaeriidae (Bivalvia) from Peruvian Amazon fioodplains, with the description of Pisidium iquito new species. The Nautilus, 118 (4): 167-174. Ituarte, C.2007. Las especies de Pisidium Pfeiffer de Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Perd y Uruguay (Bivalvia-Sphaeriidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 9(2): 169-203. Jordan, P., 1985. Schistosomiasis. The St Lucia project. Cambridge University Press, 442p. Kuiper, J.G.J. 1983. The Sphaeriidae of Australia. Basteria, 47: 3-52. Mansur M.C.D. & Pereira D. 2006. Bivalves limnicos da bacla do rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Bivalvia, Unionoida, Veneroida e 115 D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Pisidium punctiferum and Eupera viridans from French Guiana Mytiloida). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23 (4): 1123-1147. Martello, A.R, Kotzian, C.B. & Simôes, M.G. 2006. Quantitative fidelity of recent freshwater mollusk assemblages from the Touro Passo River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. lheringia, Série Zoologia, 96(4):453-465. Massemin, D., Lamy, D., Pointier, J.-P. & Gargominy, O. 2009. Coquillages et escargots de Guyane. Seashells and snails from French Guiana. Biotope, Mèze (Collection Parthénope) ; Muséum National d’FIistoire Naturelle, Paris. 456p. Mc Killop, W. B. & Harrison, A. D. 1981. Hydrobiological Studies on Eastem Lesser Antillean Islands VI: St. Lucia: Freshwater molluscs and the marsh environment. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 58: 357-419. Pilsbry, H.A. 1897. New Species of Mollusks from Uruguay. Proceedings of the A cademy ofNatuml Sciences of Philadelphia, 49: 291-292. Pointier, J. P. 1974. Faune malacologique dulçaquicole de Fîle de la Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 3 ( 159): 905-933. Pointier, J. P. 1976. Répartition locale et biogéographie des mollusques dulçaquicole de la Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises). Malacological Review, 9: 85-103. Pointier, J.-P. 2001. Invading Freshwater Snails and Biological Control in Martinique Island, French West Indies. Memôrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 96 (Suppl.): 67-74. Pointier, J.-P. 2008. Guide to the Freshwater Molluscs ofthe Lesser Antilles. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, Germany. 128p. Pointier, J.-P., Yong, M. & Gutiérrez, A. 2005. Guide to the Freshwater Molluscs of Cuba. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, Germany, 120p. Prime, T. 1865. Monograph of American Corbiculadae (recent and fossil): 57. Rosenberg, D. & Resh, V. 1993. Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macro invertebrates. Chapman Hall Publisher, 512p. Scarabino, F. & Mansur, M.C.D. 2007. Lista sistemâtica de los bivalvia dulciaculcolas vivientes de Uruguay. Comunicaciones de la Sociedad Malacolôgica del Uruguay. 9(90): 89-99. Simone, L.R. 2006. Land and freshwater mollusks of Brazil. EGB, Fadesp, Sao Paulo, 390p. Sneen, M.E., Cummings, K.S., Minarik T. & Wasik J. 2009. The discovery of the nonindigenous, mottled fingernail clam, Eupera cubensis (Prime, 1865) (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (Illinois River Drainage), Cook County, Illinois. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 35(4): 627-629. Starmühlner, F. von 1988. Ergebnisse der Ôsterreichisch-Franzôsischen Hydrobiologischen Mission 1979 nach Guadeloupe, Dominica und Martinique (Kleine Antillen). Teil 11: Beitrâge zur Kenntnis der SiiB- und Brackwassermollusken von Guadeloupe, Dominica und Martinique. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Muséums in Wien Sérié B, 90: 221-340. Tillier, S. 1980. Gastéropodes terrestres et fluviatiles de Guyane française. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Nouvelle série. Série A, Tome 118. Paris. Turgeon, D.D., Quinn, J.F., Bogan, A.E., Coan, E.V., Hochberg, F.G., Lyons, W.G., Mikkelsen, P.M., Neves, R.J., Roper, C.F.E., Rosenberg, G., Roth, B., Scheltema, A., Thompson, F.G., Vecchione, M. & Williams J.D. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society (Spécial Publication 26), Bethesda, Maryland: 526 pp. Volkmer-Ribeiro. C. & Machado, V. De S. 2009. Esponjas commentais (Porifera, Demospongiae) em uma comunidade bêntica filtradora na Floresta Decidual de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Freshwater sponges (Poritera, Demospongiae) in a benthic filter feeding community at the Guanacaste Dry Forest, Costa Rica. lheringia, Série Zoologia, 99 (4): 86-95. D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Novapex 12(3-4): 109-118, 10 octobre 2011 Appendix 1 In French Guiana, Bivalvia of brackish waters, as oysters, can be observed up to more than 50km inside lands and are therefore considered by the authors to be continental species; size is expressed for adult shells. Drawing by the authors (DM). 1 1.1 Hinge dysodont (absence of tooth) 2 1.2 Hinge heterodont (cardinal and latéral teeth présents and dissimilar) 3 2 2.1 Shell extended, widened and rounded behind, end not sharp (mytiliform); internai surface entirely pearly; in brackish water; shell attached by a byssus to hard substratum size of 10 to 20 mm Dreissenidae Mytilopsis leucophaeata ( Fig. 1) 2.2 Shell oval to variable-shaped, kept closely; internai surface entirely pearly; in brackish water size more than 9 mm Ostreidae Crassostrea rhizophorae (Fig. 2) 3 3.1 Shell circular to suboval; in treshwater: size less than 8mm 4 (Sphaeriidae) 3.2 Shell rectangular to subtrigonal; in freshwater; size up to 40 mm 5 (Hyriidae) 3.3 Shell subtriangular clam-shaped; in hrackish water: size up to 10mm 7 (Corbiculidae) 4 4.1 4.2 The iirnbo is central 8 (Pisidium) The umbo is subcentral 9 ( Eupera ) 5 5.1 Shell subtrigonal; cardinal teeth well developed; test concentrically sculptured; up to 45 mm Castci 1 ici sulccita (Fig. 3) 5.2 Shell rectangular; cardinal teeth not well developed__6 6 6.1 Tessellata sculpture; muscle scar rounded at the posterior end; size np to 40mm Diplodon yronosus (Fig. 4) 6.2 Concentric sculpture; muscle scar angulated at the posterior end; size up to 60mm Diplodon voltzi (fig.5) 7 Palliai sinus well developed; size more than 20 mm__ Polymesoda aequilatera (Fig. 6) 8 8.1 Shell oval and compressed; test matt and diaphanous; whitish, slightly tinted with fuscous patches; surface finely concentrically striated and covered with granular points; latéral teeth similar in both valves; minute species (3-5mm)__ Pisidium punctiferum (Fig. 7) 8.2 Shell inequilateral and rounded; 117 D. Massemin, S. Clavier & J.-P. Pointier Pisidium punctiferum and Eupera viridans from French Guiana test glossy light yellowish; surface very finely concentrically striated and uncovered with granular points; latéral teeth lower and shorter in left valve; size from 6 to 8 mm_ Pisidium sterkianum (Species probably présent) 9 The test is cream colour ornamented with dark brown sports; one cardinal tooth on each valve; size of about 8 mm_ Eupera viridans (Fig. 8) I 18 B. Landau & G. J. Vermeij Novapex 12(3-4): 119-123, 10 octobre 2011 New Lyriinae (Mollusca: Volutidae) from the Lower Miocene Cantaure Formation of Venezuela Bernard LANDAU * Centra de Geologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and International Health Centres, Av. Infante de Henrique 7, Areias Sào Joào, P-8200 Albufeira, Portugal bemielandau@sapo.pt Geerat J. VERMEIJ Department of Geology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. vermeij@geology.ucdavis.edu * Corresponding author ABSTRACT. The subfamily Lyriinae (Volutidae) is recorded from the early Miocene Cantaure Formation of Venezuela for the first time. Two species are recorded: Lyria gabbi Vokes, 1998, which is also found in the Lower Miocene Baitoa Formation ot the Dominican Republic, and Enaeta inornata n. sp. KEYWORDS. Lyriinae, Mollusca, Lyria, Enaeta , record, new species INTRODUCTION No species of Lyriinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954 were mentioned in Jung’s (1965) systematic description of the Lower Miocene Cantaure Formation fossil molluscan assemblage on the Paraguanâ Peninsula, Venezuela. This is hardly surprising, as both the species recorded here are extremely rare in these deposits. We discuss one new record of Lyria Gray, 1847 and describe a new species of Enaeta Adams & Adams, 1853 from the Cantaure Formation. Material and Methods The material described here is from the Gibson-Smith collection housed in the Naturhistorisches Muséum Basel (NMB coll.), Switzerland and the Bernard Landau collection (BL coll.), now deposited in the Naturhistorisches Muséum Wien (NHMW coll.), Vienna. We hâve examined other collections from this locality, and none contains any species of Lyriinae. SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY CLASS GASTROPODA SUPERFAMILY VOLUTOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815 Family VOLUTIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily LYRIINAE Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954 Genus Lyria Gray, 1847 Type species (by original désignation): Voluta nucléus Lamarck, 1811. Lyria gabbi Vokes, 1998 Figs 1, 2 Lyria pulchella (Sowerby). Gabb 1873, p. 219 (in part; non G. B. Sowerby I, 1850). Miocene, Cantaure Formation, Venezuela, new Lyria soror (Sowerby). Pilsbry 1922, p. 338, pl. 24, figs 11-12 (non G. B. Sowerby 1, 1850). Lvria (Lyria) gabbi E. H. Vokes 1998, p. 11, pl. 1, figs 7-8. Material and dimensions. Two specimens; larger, NHMW 2009z0079/0006 (ex BL coll.), height 33.7 mm; lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn, Venezuela (= locality GSI2PGNA of Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith 1979) (1 other in BL coll). Discussion. Lyria gabbi Vokes, 1998 was originally described from the coeval Baitoa Formation of the northern Dominican Republic. Vokes (1998) singled out the presence of sharp barbs (prolongations of denticles présent within the outer lip) along the margin of the outer lip as the most characteristic feature of this species. Neither of the shells from Cantaure are perfectly preserved; both hâve the apex missing and the barbs on the outer lip are worn, but the denticles within the outer lip are clearly visible (Fig.l), and in a similar position to those seen in a specimen of Lyria gabbi from the type locality (Fig. 3). Vokes (1998) discussed the presence of a very faint colour pattern on the Dominican shells, consisting of fine spiral fines about 1 mm apart. A similar pattern can be seen on the Cantaure specimens (Fig.l). The position and character of the axial omament and denticles on the columellar lip are also identical. Lyria limata Hoerle & Vokes, 1978 (Figs 5-6) from the contemporaneous Chipola Formation of NW Florida also has these barbs on the outer lip, but is otherwise not especially similar, with fewer, broader axial ribs and a taller spire. Later Tropical American Lyria species seent to hâve lost the barbs on the edge of the outer lip. Lyria B. Landau & G. J. Vermeij New Lyriinae from the Lower Miocene of Venezuela pulchella (Sowerby, 1850) (Figs 7-8) from the Upper Miocene Cercado, Lower Pliocène Gurabo and Mao formations of the Dominican Republic lias quite a different shell shape, with a far more inflated last whorl, less numerous, broader ribs and a thickened, abapically flared outer lip. This is also the only common Lyria species in the tropical American deposits. Lyria incomperta Hoerle & Vokes, 1978 (Figs 9-10), also from the Cercado and Gurabo Formations of the Dominican Republic, but almost totally confmed to coralline faciès (Vokes 1998), has finer axial sculpture more similar to that of L. gabbi, but has a proportionately higher spire. Both L. pulchella and L. incomperta hâve smooth outer lips, without the barbs seen in L. gabbi. For further comparisons see Vokes (1998). To our knowledge, the two early Miocene Lyria species with barbed outer lips are the only tropical American gastropods with this character. In the Recent fauna, barbed lips are confmed to the Indo- West Pacific, or to species that hâve only very recently colonized the eastern Pacific (e.g. Casniaria vibexmexicana Stearns, 1894). Barbed lips occur in the strombid genus Tridentarius (Kronenberg & Vermeij 2002), the cassid généra Casmaria and Phalium (see Beu 2008), the mitrid genus Mitra (sensu stricto) (Cernohorsky 1976), some species of Harpa (see Rehder 1973), and in several nassariids including the genus A/ectrion (Cernohorsky 1984). The function of these barbs remains unclear, but defence is a distinct possibility, especially in those cassids, strombids, and nassariids in which some of the barbs point anteriorly. From a paleobiogeographical point of view, the Dominican deposits belong in the West Indian Subprovince, whereas the Cautaure deposits are within the Columbian-Venezuelan-Trinidad Subprovince of the Neogene Gatunian Province (see Woodring 1974; Vermeij & Petuch 1986; Landau et al. 2008). We can add L. gabbi to the relatively short list of species that occur in both of these paleobiogeographical subprovinces, together with the following species of Enaeta, and Vasum tuberculatum Gabb, 1873 (Vokes, 1998) and V. haitense (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) (BL coll.). Genus Enaeta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Type species (by subséquent désignation, Cossmann 1899): Voluta harpa Bames, 1824 (junior primary homonym of V. harpa Mawe, 1823) = Voluta barnesii Gray, 1825. Enaeta inornata n. sp. Figs 11-16 Type material and dimensions. Holotype NMB H18371, height 30.8 mm, width 15.9 mm (Figs 11- 13); paratype 1 NHMW 2009z0078/0001, height 25.0 mm, width 13.2 mm (Figs 14-16); paratype 2 NHMW 2009z0078/0002, height 29.9 mm, width 15.8 mm. Type locality. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), Lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Falcôn, Venezuela (= locality GS12PGNA of Gibson- Smith & Gibson-Smith 1979). Diagnosis. An Enaeta species with a medium-sized, solid, biconic shell, inflated last whorl and subdued sculpture consisting of weak spiral threads on the spire and six to eight axial ribs, developed only on the mid- portion of the last whorl. Description. Shell medium-sized for genus, solid, biconic, with inflated last whorl. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch of five whorls with superficial linear suture. Spire short, conical, with periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture on spire of very faint spiral threads, visible only under magnification. Last whorl large, approximately 80% of total height, convex, weakly constricted at base, bearing six to eight relatively broad axial ribs developed only on mid-portion of whorl. Aperture elongate, approximately 55% of total height. Outer lip weakly convex, slightly flared abapically, thickened by labral varix, smooth within, except for one heavy denticle about two-thirds of distance from anterior end to posterior end of lip. Anal canal very narrow, shallow; siphonal canal short, open, narrow, posteriorly recurved. Pariétal callus weakly developed immediately adjacent to anal canal, a thin callus wash below; columellar callus very slightly thickened. Columella bearing four strong oblique folds on abapical portion. Siphonal fasciole flattened, separated from base by small ridge of shell. Discussion. Hoerle & Vokes (1978) and Vokes (1998) considered Enaeta to be a subgenus of Lyria. However, we follow Poppe & Goto ( 1992) and Bail & Poppe (2002) and consider the différences between the two sufficiently important to separate them at generic level within the Lyriinae (for discussion on radular characteristics of the group and taxonomie position see Poppe & Goto 1992, p. 19). Two well-defined Enaeta species groups are présent in Tropical American Recent and Neogene assemblages. The first is represented in the fossils assemblages by Enaeta perturbatrix (Maury, 1917) from the Lower Pliocène Gurabo Formation of the Dominican Republic. It is characterized by an elongate fusiform shell with a high spire and sculpture of numerous, well-developed axial ribs, although they are only well-developed at the periphery on the last whorl. This species is an early représentative of the Caribbean group including E. guildingi (G. B. Sowerby 1, 1844), E. reevei Dali, 1907 and E. leonardhilli Petuch, 1988 (probably a synonym of E. guildingi ; Poppe & Goto 1992), which ail hâve the same elongate fusiform shell shape and differ in details of their sculpture. Ail these species seem to hâve two stronger anterior folds on the columella and several weaker ones above. Enaeta trechmanni Jung, 120 B. Landau & G. J. Vermeij NOVAPEX 12(3-4): 119-123, 10 octobre 2011 1971 from the early Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation (Robinson & Jung 1972; Donovan et al. 2003) probably also belongs in this group. Therefore, this group is recorded earliest in the Atlantic. The second group also has fusiform shells, although stockier and more solid, with stronger axial sculpture that forms nodules at the shoulder. This is represented in the Recent Caribbean fauna by Enaeta cylleniformis (G. B. Sowerby I, 1844) and in the Recent tropical eastem Pacific fauna by E. cumingii (Broderip, 1832). According to Pitt & Pitt (1995), the predecessor of E. cumingii is E. propecumingii Pitt & Pitt, 1995 from the Upper Miocene Esmeraldas Beds of Ecuador. Ail these species hâve three strong abapical folds on the columella and a few wealcer folds above. Therefore, this second group is recorded earliest in the Pacific. Enaeta inornata n. sp. falls into a third group of less well-defined Tropical American species with more ovate shells, having a much larger last whorl and a proportionately shorter spire and rather discrète sculpture. Two fossil species bear some similarity to E. inornata: E. isabellae (Maury, 1910) [= Strigatella americana Dali, 1915, see Gardner 1937] from the Lower Miocene Chipola Formation of northwestern Florida (Figs 17-18) is the most similar in shape, height of spire and size of last whorl. It differs in the character of its ornament, which consists of narrow, weak, close-set axial ribs. Enaeta ecnomia Woodring, 1964 from the middle Middle Miocene Lower Gatun Fonnation of Panama is also similar to our Venezuelan species in shell shape, having a broad, solid last whorl, but is immediately distinguished by its sculpture consisting of about 18 axial ribs on the last whorl and close-set spiral threads covering the entire shell surface. Enaeta ecnomia and E. isabellae are more similar to each other than they are to E. inornata, but E. ecnomia has an even broader shell shape, a somewhat coeloconoid spire and fewer, slightly stronger axial ridges than E. isabellae. Enaeta olssoni Hoerle & Vokes, 1978 also from the Late Miocene middle-upper Gatun Fonnation of Cativa, Panama, and also known from a single individual, is similar to E. isabellae, but has no axial sculpture at ail, moreover it has placations on the posterior portion ofthe columella. In the Recent faunas there are no représentatives of this group in the Caribbean, although Enaeta barnesii (Gray, 1825) from the Recent tropical eastem Pacific is similar in having almost no surface sculpture and an inflated last whorl, even more so than any ot the tossil forms. Ail of these species, except E. olssoni , hâve four strongly developed folds on the columella. It is likely that E. inornata is more closely related to this Recent tropical eastem Pacific species than to the extant Caribbean forms. However, we stop short ol calling them a paciphi 1 ic clade (sensu Vermeij & Petuch 1986) as this phylogeny is not indisputable. From a paleobiogeographical angle, both Lyria and Enaeta were présent in both the Gatunian and Caloosahatchian Paleobiogeographical provinces during the early Miocene, but subsequently suffered a range contraction so that by the late Miocene-early Pliocène they were only présent in the more Southern Gatunian Province (see Vermeij & Petuch 1986; Landau et al. 2008). Etymology. The name reflects the very weak ornament. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Walter Etter and Olivier Schmidt of the Naturhistorisches Muséum Basel (NMB), Switzerland, for access to the Gibson-Smith collection and the loan of type specimens from the Naturhistorisches Muséum Basel collection. Dr. Alan G. Beu, GNS Science, Lower Flutt, New Zealand reviewed the MS and made many useful suggestions for improvement. REFERENCES Bail P., Poppe G.T. 2001. A Conchological Iconography: Taxonomie Introduction: Volutidae. Hachenheim, ConchBooks. ii + 30, 5 pis. Beu A.G. 2008. Deep-water Cassidae of the world. A révision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new généra and species. In Héros V, Cowie RH, Bouchet P Eds. Tropical deep-sea benthos, volume 14. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 196: 269-387. Cemohorsky W.O. 1976. The Mitridae of the World. Part I. The Subfamily Mitrinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 3: 273-528. Cemohorsky W.O. 1984. Systematics ofthe family Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Muséum 14: 1-356. Cossmann M. 1899. Essais de paléoconchologie comparée, vol. 3. Paris, M. Cossmann. 201 p. Donovan S.K., Pickerill R.K., Portell R.W., Jackson T.A., Harper D.A. 2003. The Middle Miocene paleobathymetry and paleoenvironments of Carriacou, the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Lethaia 36: 255-272. Gabb W.M. 1873. On the topography and geology of Santo Domingo. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 15: 49-259. Gardner J. 1937. The molluscan fauna ofthe Alum Bluff Group of Florida. Part VI. Pteropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Ctenobranchia (in part). United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 142-F: i-iii, 251-435. Hoerle S.E., Vokes E.H. 1978. A review of the volutid généra Lyria and Falsilyrici (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Tertiary of the western Atlantic. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 14: 105-130. B. Landau & G. J. Vermeij New Lyriinae from the Lower Miocene of Venezuela Jung P. 1965. Miocene Mollusca from the Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela. Bulletins of American Paleontology 49(223): 387-644. Kronenberg G.C., Vermeij G.J. 2002. Terestrombus and Tridentarius, new généra of Indo-Pacific Strombidae (Gastropoda), with comments on included taxa and on shell characters in Strombidae. Vita Malacologica 1: 49-54. Landau B.M., Vermeij G.J., Silva C.M. da 2008. Southern Caribbean Neogene palaeobiogeography revisited. New data from the Pliocène of Cubagua, Venezuela. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 257: 445-461. Petit R.E. 2009. George Brettingham Sowerby, I, II & III: their conchological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa 2189: 1-218. Pilsbry H.J. 1922. Révision of W. M. Gabb's Tertiary Mollusca of Santo Domingo. Proceedings of the Academy ofNatural Sciences of Philadelphia 73: 305-435. Pitt W.D., Pitt, L.J. 1995. A new species of Enaeta (Gastropoda: Volutidae) from the Mio-Pliocene of northwestem Ecuador. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 28: 123-126. Poppe G.T., Goto Y. 1992. Volutes. Moslra Mondiale Malacologia Cupra Maritttima (AP — Italy). Ancona, L’Informatore Piceno. 348 p. Rehder EI.A. 1973. The family Harpidae of the world. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 3: 207-247. Robinson E„ Jung P. 1972. Stratigraphy and âge of marine rocks, Carriacou, West Indies. Bulletins of the American Associations of Petroleum Geologists 56: 114-127. Saunders J.B., Jung P., Biju-Duval B. 1986. Neogene paleontology in the Northern Dominican Republic. Part 1, Field surveys, lithology, environment and âge. Bulletins of American Paleontology 89(323): 1-79. Sowerby GB I 1850. Descriptions of some new species found by J. S. Heniker, esq. In Moore JC. On some Tertiary beds in the lsland of San Domingo; from notes by J.S. Heniker, esq., with remarks on the fossils. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 6: 39-53 [authorship: Petit 2009, p. 200], Vermeij GJ, Petuch EJ, 1986. Differential extinction in tropical American molluscs: endemism, architecture, and the Panama land bridge. Malacologia 27: 29-41. Woodring WP 1974. The Miocene Caribbean Faunal Province and its Subprovinces. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 84: 209- 213. Figures 1-18 1-2. Lyria gabbi Vokes, 1998, NHMW 2009z0079/0006 (ex BL coll.), height 33.7 mm, Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), lower shell bed, Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Falcôn, Venezuela. 3-4. Lyria gabbi Vokes, 1998, NHMW 2009z0079/0001 (ex BL coll.), height 44.3 mm, Baitoa Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), E side Rio Yaqué del Norte, just above mouth of Arroyo Hondo, Dominican Republic (= NMB 17290; see Saunders et al. 1986). 5-6. Lyria limata Hoerle & Vokes, 1978, NHMW 2009z0079/0002 (ex BL coll.), height 33.1 mm, Chipola Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), Tenmile Creek, 2.8 km W of Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida (= TU 546; see Hoerle & Vokes 1978). 7-8. Lyria pulchella (Sowerby, 1850), NHMW 2009z0079/0003 (ex BL coll.), height 28.8 mm, Gurabo Formation (early Pliocène: Zanclean), Gurabo River, E bank, firsl bluff downstream from ford on Los Quemados-Sabaneta road, Dominican Republic (= TU 1210; see Saunders et al. 1986). 9-10. Lyria incomperta Hoerle & Vokes, 1978, NHMW 2009z0079/0004 (ex BL coll.), height 47.0 mm, Cercado Formation (late Miocene: Tortonian), unnamed formation, Lôpez area, Rio Yaqué del Norte, Dominican Republic (= NMB 17273; see Saunders et al. 1986). 11-13. Enaeta inornata n. sp., holotype, NMB H18371, height 30.8 mm, Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), lower shell bed, Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Falcôn, Venezuela. 14-16. inornata n. sp., paratype, NHMW 2009z0078/000l (ex BL coll.). height 25.0 mm, Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), lower shell bed. Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Falcôn, Venezuela. 17-18. Enaeta isabellae (Maury, 1910), NHMW 2009z0079/0005 (ex BL coll.), height 33.1 mm, Chipola Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian), Tenmile Creek, 2.8 km W of Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida (= TU 546; see Hoerle & Vokes 1978). 122 B. Landau & G. J. Vermeij Novapex 12(3-4): 119-123, 10 octobre 2011 123 NOTE AUX AUTEURS .... Générales L'affiliation à la Société n’est pas obligatoire pour les auteurs. La publication des articles de maximum 12 pages imprimées en double interligne est tlTAu delà de 12par numéro chaque page sera facturée au prix de 40,00 €. Les articles de taille supérieure peuvent être scindés sur plusieurs numéros. Les numéros hors série sont publiés irrégulièrement. Les auteurs désireux de soumettre un article pour un numéro hors série (40 pages imprimées ou plus) sont priés de mntarter auparavant la Société Belge de Malacologie à I adresse ci-dessous. 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