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NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE.

Vol. XXIV., 1917.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of Zooloo^

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRINd MUSEUM.

EDITED BT

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXIV., 1917.

(WITH TWELVE PLATES.)

Issued at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1917-1918.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIV. (1917).

AVES.

PiOES

1. Western Black-eared Wheatear obtained on Tuskar Rock (Plate I.).

C. J. Patten 1—16

2. On some Rallidae. Ernst Haetert ...... 265 — 274

3. Notes on Game-Birds. Ernst Haetert 275 — 292

4. Further Notes on Anthreptes malaccensis. Ernst Harteet . . 32.3

5. Notes and Descriptions of South American Birds. Ernst Haetert

and Arthur Goodson ........ 410 — 419

6. On the Forms of Coturnix coliirnix. Ernst Haetert . . . 420 — 425

7. Scolopax ruxticola mini (Plate II.). Ernst Hartert . . . 437

8. On the Crested Larks of the Nib Valley. Ernst Hartert . . 439 — 441

9. Notes on Pheasants. Ernst Hartert ...... 442 — 452

10. A Few Notes on the Birds of Yemen. Eenst Haetert . . . 454 — 462

11. The subspecies of Cyanopica cyanns. Ernst Haetert . . . 493

12. Further Notes on South American Birds. Ernst Hartert and

Arthur Goodson ......... 494 — 501

HYJIENOPTER.X.

1. Chalcididae of the Seychelles Islands. (Llustrated.) L. AIasi . . 121—230

2. Eine neue Trichogrammide von den Seychellen Inseln. (Illustrated.)

J. J. KlEFFEE 2.30

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. Classification of Pyralidae. SiE George Hampson .... 17 — 58

2. Two New American Moths. Kael .Jordan ..... 50. 60

3. Supplemental Notes to Jlr. Charles Oberthiiv's f'anne des fjpidopleren

de la Barharie. Lord Rothschild. Part I. . . . . 61 — 120

Part II 325—373

Part III 393—409

(Plates IX, X.)

4. Some apparently new Notodontidae. (Plates III. — VIII.). Lord

Rothschild 231 — 264

5. On new and insufficiently known Indo-Australian Oeometridae. Louis

B. Peout 29.3—317

( vi)

6. Notes on Captures of Algerian and Tunisian Lepidoptera. Victor

Fauoult 3)8—322

7. New American Geometridae. Loris B. Prout ..... 374 — 392

8. Description of the Female of Troides allotsi. H. M. Peebles and W.

SCHMASSMANN ......... 426, 427

9. New African Geometridae. Louis B. Prout 428 — 436

10. Description of a new Arctiid. H. C. Nissen ..... 438

11. Notes on Metanastria digramma, with Description.s of two new Sub-

species. Lord Rothschild ....... 453

12. On the genera Melanothrix, Drepanojana, Melanergon, Paracydas,

Cotana, Hypercydas, Epicydas, and Nervicompressa, of the family
Euptcrotidac, with descriptions of new Forms. (Plates XL, XII.)

Lord Rothschild 463 — 474

13. Some new Moths of the Families Arctiidae and Eupterotidae. Lord

Rothschild 475 — 492

INDEX 503-528

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XXIV.

I. Photographs of Oenanthe hispanica hispanica from Tuskar Rock, Ireland.
By Prof. Patten.
II. Scolopax rvsticola rusticola L. and Scolopax rusticola mira Hart. By
Major Henry Jones.
III. — VIII. Photographic plates of Notodonlidae.
]X. Hybrid Saturniae. See p. 372.

X. Zi/gaena tMryi with larvae, and Z. lavandulae. See p. 342.
XI., XII. Coloured plates of Eupterotidae. By H. Gronvold.

fy^- I f^7'"-^'- ^^^' A,4.<a ^t<->- T-v-a-^-v-'fe ot ct^" J^'^^f-^- JO,

The Parts of this Volume were issued as follows :

Part I. (pages 1—323, Plate I.) : May 16th, 1917.

Part II. (pages 325—438, Plates II. to VIII.) : August 31st, 1917.

Part III. (pages 439—501, Plates IX., X.) : December 31st, 1917.

Part IV. (Index, Title-page, Contents, Errata and Plates XI., XII.) : March 1918.

ERRATA.

Page 496, line l'5 :
Page 355, line 23 :
Page 269, line 38 :
Page 355, line 33 :
Page 455, line 37
Page 77, line 23:
Page 407, line 36 :

' atrinncha " should read " atrinucha."
' auceps " should read " anceps."

■ carchinnans " should read '" cachinnans."
' Schwerz " should read " Schweiz."

' philarhyncha" should read " ptilorhyncha.

■ naiina " should read '' nouna."

' mamorata " should read " marmorata."

i3Za

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of Zoology.

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, E.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and De. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXIV.

% _ »»♦••:'.' >^ *■'!

No. 1.
Pages 1—323.
Plate I.

Issued May 16th, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

PRINTED nV HAZELL, WATSON U VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1917.

Vol. XXIV.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

EDITED BT

LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

C. J. Patten .

1—16

Sir George Hampson

17—58

Karl Jordan .

59,60

Lord Rothschild

. 61—120

CONTENTS OF NO. I.

1. WESTERN BLACK-EARED ^VHEATEAR,
OBTAINED ON TUSKAR ROCK (PI. I) .

:2. CLASSIFICATION OF PYRALIDAE

3. TWO NEW AMERICAN MOTHS .

4. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO MR.

OBERTHUR'S FAUNE DES LEPI-
DOPTERES DE LA BARBARIE

5. CHALCWIDAE OF THE SEYCHELLES

ISLANDS L. Masi .... 121—230

6. SOME APPARENTLY NEW XOTODONTI-

DAE Lord Rothschild . 231—264

7. ON SOME RALLIDAE .... Ernst Hartert . . . 265—274

8. NOTES ON GAME-BIRDS . . . Ernst Hariert . . . 275—292

9. ON NEW AND INSUFFICIENTLY KNOWN

INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE . Lottis B. Prout . 293—317

10. NOTES ON CAPTURES OF ALGERIAN

AND TUNISIAN LEPIDOPTERA . . Victor Farouh . . . 318—322

11. FURTHER NOTES ON ANTHREPTES

MALACCENSIS .... Ernst Hartert ... 323

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XXIV. MAY 1917. No. I.

WESTERN BLACK-EAEED WHEATEAR {OENANTHE HIS-
PANICA HISPANICA), ON MIGRATION OBTAINED ON
TUSKAR ROCK: A BIRD NEW TO IRELAND.

With Remaeks on the Status of this Species in the British Isles.

By professor C. J. PATTEN, M.A., M.D., Sc.D.

(Plate I.)

IN the June number of The Irish Naturalist, 1916, p. 100, I published a pre-
liminary note to the efEect that I had received and identified a Black-eared
Wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica) * from Tuskar Light-station, Co. Wexford.
The bird was collected alive in a disabled condition on the rock, at 7.15 p.m.
on Tuesday, May 16th, 1916, by Mr. John Glanville, principal keeper, and to him
I am deeply indebted for his kindness in sending me this interesting species —
the first of its kind from Ireland. The earliest intimation which I received
of its capture came in a letter kindly written by Mrs. Glanville, from Rosslare
Harbour, dated May 17th, in which she informed me that her husband telephoned
from the rock that morning the enclosed description of a bird which he caught
alive the previous evening : " Wheatear with black throat ; back of head, neck,
and shoulders, golden-bufE ; lower back, white ; central taU-feathers, black, rest
white almost to tip, outer tail-feathers, graduating."

Knowing that I could not receive the bird until next relief boat-day — a
week hence — ^I wrote to Mrs. Glanville by return and asked her would she kindly
telephone the following message to the rock to Mr. Glanville : " Dehghted to
hear about the strange Wheatear. Though the description you sent is brief
and general, nevertheless you have furnished enough information to enable me

* I published a similar note in The Daily Express (Dublin), June 8th, in The Irish Times,
Jirne 9th, and in Nature, June 15th, pp. 321-22, 1916. Time did not permit me to compare the
specimen before sending these notes, and though strongly suspecting the bird to belong to the
Western race, it seemed advisable not to state so definitely until a comparison was made. For this
reason in the note in Nature and in The Irish Naturalist (where the scientific names are inserted)
only the binomial expression Oenanthe hispanica appears : this being equivalent to Black-eared
Wheatear generally, the race undetermined. But knowing now that this specimen from Tuskar
belongs to the Western race, I give it its full trinomial designation, Oenanthe hispanica hispanica,
to distinguish it from Oe. hispanica xanthomelaena, the Eastern form. The number of specimens
for comparison which I had at my disposal was too small to afford full and satisfactory information ;
therefore, to be more certain, I sent the specimen to Mr. Eagle Clarke, to whom my best thanks are
due for his kindness in comparing it with the collection of Black-eared Wheatears in the Royal
Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. The result of Mr. Eagle Clarke's investigation was to confirm my
diagnosis of the racial form of the bird from Tuskar.
1

2 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

to say without hesitation that the bird is the Black-throated form of the Black-
eared Wheatear, but I cannot say whether it belongs to the Western or Eastern
race until I have seen and compared the specimen. The Desert-Wheatear has
also a black throat, but the entire tail is black almost to the base, in that way
quite different from the description you have given. Therefore I have excluded
the possibility of your bird being a Desert-Wheatear. I am glad you furnished
me with a description of the tail, it has been a good guide, especially as you
omitted to mention the colour of the axUlaries and under wing-coverts, which
in the Bl^ck-eared Wheatear are conspicuous for their uniform black colour.
These feathers alone serve to distinguish this species from the Desert-Wheatear,
in which the axillaries are mottled black and white. You will be interested to
learn that this is the first time that a Black-eared Wheatear has been recorded
from Ireland. When it arrives I shall wire you the name, feeling confident in
the meantime that the provisional diagnosis made in absentia will prove correct."

On Thursday, May 25th, the bird arrived in a tin box, well packed in cotton-
wool. Immediately before being sent by post it was removed from the spirit
in which it had been immersed since the day it was procured ; nevertheless its
feathers were still quite moist when I received it. With the application of
gentle heat it dried out beautifully in less than an hour, and it was gratifying
to find that the plumage was good, and the epidermis well fixed. As anticipated,
the bird proved to be a Black-eared Wheatear, and I immediately wired Mr.
GlanviUe to that effect. Accompanying the specimen was a letter in which, in
addition to the more usual technical data, such as the date, locality, hour of
capture, meteorological conditions, etc., the following interesting information
was given :

" When I landed at 9.30 a.m. I observed a number of birds on the rock :
Whitethroats, Willow- warblers. Sedge-warblers, Swallows, and three Wheat-
ears. At once I noticed the strange bird (one of the Wheatears) by its light
plumage and by the lower part of its face and throat being black. I kept a
sharp look-out all the day when the Wheatears remained. At 6.30 p.m. I caught
a Whitethroat asleep with its head under its wing ; this gave me some hope
of getting the rare bird. I also met a large brown Wheatear asleep and missed
it by a few inches ; this bird also appeared strange to me. I next met the rare
bird asleep with its head under its wing, and using the greatest caution I got
it before it awoke. The third appeared to be a male Common Wheatear. J.
McGinley states that there were dozens of Wheatears and Warblers in the rays
of the lantern at 2 a.m. that day, the weather at the time being cloudy with
rain, and the wind, coming from the S.S.W., was blowing with the force of a
gentle breeze (F 3. Beaufort scale). There is only one species of Wheatear (the
Common) described in Morris's British Birds. This is the only Ulustrated book
I have, and so I am at a loss to find out the bird's name. I hope it is the first
Irish record. The wind had been blowing from the W., S.W., W.N.W., and N.W.,
for six days previous to its capture, with much rain and fog."

On receiving the bird my first care was to take several photographs of it
in the flesh, and then, having noted the plumage, ascertained the weight and
measurements, I took off the skin and dissected the body without delay. The
spirit, in which the bird was plunged immediately after death, fixed the epi-
dermis splendidly, not a feather was lost, and the body generally was in an
excellent state of preservation. I made a first-class skin, which, with other

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 3

avian rarities collected by me, -will be mounted and in due course be presented
to the National Museum, Dublin.

On examining the body I found strong objective evidence that the bird
had struck its head against the lantern, or at all events against some object.
For the vault of the skull was deeply indented in the region of the right frontal
bone.* This wound was surrounded by a considerable degree of haemorrhage.
The lesion I consider was quite suflScient to detain the bird on the rock and
to cripple its muscular activities sufficiently to prevent it obtaining food, which
consists largely of insects captured on the wing. An examination of the gizzard
proved my point to be correct. For, unlike the majority of birds which I have
collected after they had been perambulating all day on the rock and on dis-
section have found their gizzards to contain a considerable amount of insect
food, the gizzard of this Black-eared Wheatear was absolutely empty. This
demonstrated conclusively that the bird was too seriously hurt to hunt for
food.t

In connection with this fact it occurred to me that it might be well to wTite
to Mr. Glanville and ascertain from him some information regarding the demeanour
of the bird during the nine and three-quarter hours of daylight (9.30 a.m. to 7.15
p.m.) during which he kept it under observation. In reply he wrote : " I think
you must be right about the Black-eared Wheatear having damaged itself by
striking, as several times during the day the bird was gathered up with its head
under its wing, and its feathers puffed out." Here is strong evidence to show
that the bird was not only disabled, but was in a sinking condition^indeed,
to find it in broad daylight with its head under its wing indicated that it was
seized with more than ordinary sleep from fatigue ; in short, the bird was
dying f : hence despatch shortened its miseries and was an act of mercy. In
the interests of Irish ornithology it was fortunate that this Wheatear — new to
Ireland — fell into Mr. Glanville's hands, as disabled birds are often washed away
at high tide, especially when the wind rises and the sea roughens ; are frequently
picked off by Merlin Falcons, less often by gulls ; or again they may creep out
of sight to die in crevices where they may never be recovered, or at most their
fragmentary remains may be all that can be obtained to establish their identity.
As it is, a splendid complete specimen has been secured and photographed in
the flesh, the body has been thoroughly examined, and a perfect skin has been
preserved for the National Museum, Dublin. §

* See fig. 5, pi. I., and p. 9, for detailed description of the injury to the head.

t Flies were plentiful. But it is interesting to note that before flies appear, uninjured migrants
(land-birds), which alight on the rock, will feed on minute marine crustaceans, vermes, and molluscs.
I have proved this by dissecting the gizzards of several species.

* Many observers, and especially those who possess aviaries, no doubt have noticed how cus-
tomary it is for a bird when in the last stages of exhaustion, either from disease, starvation, or injury,
to puff out its feathers, and tuck its head imder its wing, and not until, with the last flicker of life,
when the bird, becoming too weak to stand, rolls over, is the head withdrawn.

§ Wounded or not, it was quite right under the circumstances that this new Irish bird was
collected by a proper person for scientific purposes. For the student of ornithology who has made
a serious study of bird-migration, at rock stations, knows full well how manifold are the dangers
which confront the migrant which perforce dares to alight and tarry en route on a marine rock, and
how difficult are its chances of reaching its natural habitat. Nay more, should it reach this in safety,
its foreign appearance in a land which it has more or less accidentally visited, would unduly attract
many of its natural enemies — especially in this particular case where the plumage of the bird in
question is markedly showy — to which if it fell a prey its presence i*i Ireland would have remained
unknown^ The collection of a rare bird or other creature, whose status is as yet quite unknown.

4 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Although the gizzard was absolutely devoid of foodstuffs, the condition of
the body was decidedly good, the muscles firm, and there was a considerable
amount of fat present, especially about the root of the neck and upper region
of the thorax. The bird weighed four drams eighteen grains, being propor-
tionately as heavy as were any well-nourished Common Wheatears which I
have obtained on their regular migrations from Tuskar Light-station. Like
the Aquatic Warbler recently procured on Tuskar Rock, this Wheatear cannot
be placed in the category of a waif, and what I have said in regard to the move-
ments and fate of the former holds good in the main for such in the latter,*
namely that the bird had not been perambulating about on the rock in a half-
starved condition for some days before death overtook it and rid it of its miseries.
In other words, it was not a bird which, becoming separated from its companions,
drifted about aimlessly, until fatigued or storm-bound f it sought refuge on a
rock. On the contrary, the foregoing evidence, circumstantial and objective, is
ample to show that the bird struck the lantern at night, was seen on the rock
next morning and several times during the day, and was captured in the evening.
The evidence of its having struck the lantern, or some object close by, resolves
itseU into incontrovertible proof when the head was examined post-mortem.

Assuming this to have been the sequence of events, it is interesting to note
that the bird travelled ^\'ith several other species which habitually reach Tuskar
on migration, including its close relatives the Common and Greenland Wheat-
ears. J Because in addition to the general statement made by Mr. McGinley,
namely that there were dozens of Wheatears and Warblers in the rays at the
lantern at 2 o'clock on the morning of May 16th, I have received direct proof that
Sedge-warblers, WiUow-warblers, Spotted Flycatchers, and Common Wheatears
struck at that time, for Mr. Glanville sent me specimens which I received in
the same parcel which contained the Black-eared Wheatear. Now, in my paper

is not only justifiable but highly desirable, provided of course that full data of the record be supplied,
that the specimen itself be properly dissected and in every way investigated, and the skin be care-
fully preserved and in due course be presented to the Dublin Museum, so that it may take its proper
place among the National Collection. It woiild be a different matter altogether were such a species
to repeat its visits sufficiently often so as to arouse suspicion as to the possibility of its breeding.
Obviously then one would refrain from repeatedly collecting. It so happens, however, that the
vast majority of migrants collected alive at light-stations have proved to have been wounded or in
an exhausted state. Herein then lies the duty of the collector who perchance comes across such
unfortunate birds to put them out of pain. By such a procedure he performs a humane act, and at
the same time is afforded the opportunity of benefiting ornithological science by duplicating the
collections not only of common but of many rare and interesting species, which if found unwounded
it might not be morally right to deprive of their hves. The sitpremely important study of variation
can only be made when a sufficiently large number of a given species is collected, and we look to
those who have the unique opportunities at light- stations to conserve dupUcates and multiples of
rare species.

* Except that the Aquatic Warbler was killed outright by striking the lantern and was picked
up dead on the rook a few hours later, i.e. at dawn, whereas the wounded Black-eared Wheatear
lingered for some seventeen and a half hours after it struck before being collected and put out of pain
{" Aquatic Warbler on Migration," Zoologist, March 1915, p. 82).

t As a matter of fact at the time that I have essayed this Black-eared Wheatear to have struck
the lantern, the wind, blowing from the S.S.W., only registerad, according to Beaufort's scale, a
gentle breeze, i.e. Force 3, and the condition of the weather was cloudy and rainy. The next day
the wind maintained much the same force and direction, veering and backing between S. and W.
In the evening when the bird was secured, the weather, though foggy (as it was all day), was quite
calm, the southerly wind only registering a light breeze (F. 2, Beaufort).

t Just as the Aquatic Warbler obtained at Tuskar travelled with its close relative the Sedge-
warbler (" Aquatic Warbler on Migration obtained on Tuskar Rock," Zoologist, March 1916,
pp. 81-92).

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 5

dealing with the Aquatic Warbler from Tuskar I have given cogent reasons to
show that although only one bird — a Wheatear — was obtained on the night
it struck, none the less this Aquatic Warbler travelled in company with several
species, and more than likely with other Aquatic Warblers, and it is all the more
reasonable to assume that this Black-eared W'heatear was accompanied by
other members of its own kind.* It is perfectly clear that a great company of
migrants of different kinds pursuing their regular routes had in their midst
as they reached Tuskar a species of Wheatear as yet undiscovered in Ireland.

Why this bird came along with them is a question deserving close attention.
We are told that there were " dozens of Whea tears " in the rays that night.
and as already indicated there may have been some more Black-eared examples,
It is quite conceivable that a small party of Black-eared Wheatears, detaching
themselves for some more or less trivial reason from the main body, may
have sighted and joined a company of Common Wheatears steering somewhat
in the same direction. If, on the one hand, it may be said that such an idea
is but theoretical, I would, on the other hand, remind the reader that in so far
as the Common Wheatear is concerned, its migrations at light-stations are almost
invariably characterised by marked gregariousness. This is readily under-
stood ; for it is an extremely abundant species, has an extraordinarily wide
distribution on its vernal migrations, i.e. its breeding-range is of vast extent,
so that different companies, as they forge forwards, are apt to meet and join
up, and in dark and foggy weather to be held up in large assemblies at the lantern ;
and, thirdly, the Wheatear is on the whole amicably disposed to other species and
to members of its own family. Hence a few Black-eared Wheatears would not
feel strange in the company of their larger relatives ; nay more, being gregarious
themselves on migration, and being cut off from the company of their own
kind, they might well prefer the presence rather than the absence of the Common
Wheatear e?i route. Indeed, being in the minority they might readily accept
the escort of the majority and so proceed onwards, oblivious of the fact that
they were out-stepping the normal boundaries of their breeding-range. How
much farther the Tuskar Black-eared Wheatear might have journeyed, had
it not injured itself, is of course a difficult problem to solve.

* I have already put forward cumulative evidence to show that rare as well as common birds
are apt to visit light-stations on migration in the plural even more than in the singular number :
witness occurrence of Tree-pipits at Tuskar in September 1913 (Irish Naturalist, November 1913,
p. 220) and again in September 1915 (Irish Naturalist, June 1916, pp. 90-91), and ot Reed-warblers
in September 1911 (ibid. March 1912, p. 50) ; vide also remarks in my articles on " Grasshopper-
warblers on Migration " (ibid. August 1912, p. 139, also on " Aquatic Warbler on Migration at
Tuskar Rock" (Zoologist, March 1915, pp. 81-92), and on "Remains of a Tree-pipit found on
Tuskar Rock " (Irish Naturalist, June 1916, pp. 85-93). Indeed the term " rare " is often more applic-
able to the periodic than to the numeric status ot many species. I have pointed out what an easy
matter it is for migrants to escape detection of the Ughtkeepers, because on striking the lantern
many may fall into the sea, or on an inaccessible part of the rock, or if the part be accessible it may
be uncovered only at ebb-tide, so that birds would probably be carried away at high- water before
being retrieved; lastly, many, whilst flying round the lantern, may escape detection, or at all events
identification of species, through not striking the glass and thereby not allowing the Ughtkeeper
the opportunity of bringing them to hand for close examination. (Vide my article on " Aquatic
Warbler on Migration obtained on Tuskar Rock," Zoologist, March 1915, p. 83.)

6 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

DESCBIFTION OF THE SFECISIZ:!]'.

Flumage.

Markings. — Forehead and front of crown, silver-grey exhibiting a slight
metallic lustre ; traced backwards over the rest of the crown this shade gradually
merges through straw-colour to golden-buii which is continued over the nape,
upper back, and inter-scapular region, and, becoming darker through an
admixture with a greyish transverse band which crosses the mid-back, is
succeeded by a broad patch of white on the lower back and rump ; right
central tail-feather black almost to the base. This is a fresh feather evidently
acquired during the spring moult. Its fellow on the left is browTi almost to
the base, shorter, and shows evidence of wear, and was acquired during the
previous autumn moult ; rest of tail-feathers white, margined mth brown form-
ing a terminal band which is considerably broader at the edges. The feather
immediately outside the right central feather is also new, is longer than the
corresponding feather on the left side, and has a blackish margin interrupted by
a white spot. The rest of the taQ-feathers are old, being acquired during the
previous autumn moult. Lesser, median, and most of the greater wing-coverts
black, some of these feathers showing traces of buff edgings (these feathers are
new, being acquired during the spring moult) ; primary wing-coverts and the
outer greater wing-coverts adjoining them, dull brown edged with dull buff (these
feathers are old and were acquired during the previous autumn moult). The same
holds good for the primaries, secondaries, and inner secondaries (tertiaries), which
are dull mud-brown in colour, the huffish edgings being obscured through fading
and reduced by abrasion. The scapulars show blackish bases, and are broadly
margined with golden-buff which intermingles with that shade in the inter-
scapular feathers. The golden-buff on the nape sweeps round the sides of the
lower neck, and, becoming poorer in shade at the bottom of the throat, passes
gradually into the dull impure buffish-white of the breast, abdomen, and under
tail-coverts. The under wing-coverts and axillaries are black ; but the minute
feathers lining the edge of the under surface of the wing, in the line of the bastard
primary, are black broadly edged with greyish- white, giving them a mot* led
appearance. The lores, cheeks (including the ear-coverts), chin, and upper
throat, are black ; some of the feathers being minutely flecked with greyish-
white. A whitish semicircular collar circumscribes this black area below,
and intervenes between it and the golden-buff of the sides of the neck and lower
part of the throat.

Phase. — Accorduig to Saunders the wings (including not only the coverts
but all the feathers of flight) of the adult inale Black-eared Wheatear in full nuptial
'plumage (Black-throated Wheatear of his time) are nearly black, and the forehead
is white, whereas in the bird from Tuskar the flight-feathers are nut-brown in
shade contrasting markedly with the black wing-coverts, and the forehead is
silver-grey ; lastly, the tail of the bird, which Saunders describes, shows clearly
in the illustration that it has a much narrower terminal band (than iii the Tuskar
bird), which appears in fact incomplete.* Moreover, this band is described as
black, not brown, as in the Tuskar bu'd. These points of difference in plumage

• It is significant, as Saunders remarks, that the black margin of the tail is subject to great
diminutioa and partial disappearance with age (Mammal of Briiiah Birds, 1899, p. 24).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 7

are quite definite and apparently are to be interpreted in terms of difference
in phase of plumage according to age. The description given by Saunders refers
to the fully adult bud in its true nuptial plumage-pliase ; the description I have
detailed of the Tuskar bird is referable to a bird in a younger jilu7nage-phase.
It may represent the adolescent male plumage-phase, acquhed by partial
moult in the early sprmg (about February or March), of the first year, and
worn during the ensuing summer. Should the bird not breed at this age, then
the phase of plumage it has assumed falls into line with that worn at a corre-
sponding age by several species of wading-birds, e.g. Sanderling, which I have
proved do not all breed in their first year, yet the plumage acquired is
so like the nuptial plumage that I have designated it the nuptialoid or
pre-nuptial plumage-phase.* If then the plumage-phase of the Black-eared
Wheatear from Tuskar be adolescent, it is curious to find that the moult is not
quite comparable to what takes place in the Common Wheatear when acquiring
its adolescent plumage, which is worn at a corresponding age ; for in the case
of the latter bird the rule is that none of the wing-coverts are rerietved. To this
rule, however, after examining a large series of specimens, I have seen many
exceptions — that is to say, cases in which some of the wing-coverts were renewed
but not on so extensive a scale as has taken place in the Black-eared Wheatear
in question.

Dr. C. B. Ticehurst in his interesting papers on the subject of plumage-
changes points out that in the case of the Common Wheatear when acquiring
its adolescent plumage, normally none of the wing-coverts are renewed, but
" sometimes the innermost of the greater coverts and rarely also the innermost
secondary are moulted." f Though in my experience other wing-coverts besides
these are not uncommonly renewed, the occasional moult of some of the short
wmg-feathers is not by any means of a stereotyped character ; albeit at best
it is a desultory process, and the possibility of its being in part adventitious
rather than being correlated strictly with the onset of maturity, must not be
at once dismissed. It is held that in the assumption of the adolescent and
subsequent adult nuptial plumages the rectrices of the Common Wheatear are
not renewed. If this be the rule also in the case of the Black-eared Wheatear,
then the renewal of two of these feathers in the Tuskar bird has been adventitious,
that is to say they have replaced two which have been accidentally pulled out,
or otherwise shed. In support of this view I may say that at light-stations I
have frequently come across migrants of various species in which the tail was
imperfect, and which, from the distribution of the moult, bore evidence that the
renewal of the feathers was quite adventitious. In regard to the black flight-
feathers assumed by the adult bu:ds in nuptial-plumage, it is interestmg to find
that they are often in a very much better state of preservation than are the
brown ones assumed by the birds in the adolescent plumage. This leads one

* Vide my papers on "Migratory Movements of Certain Shore-birds on Dublin Coast," read
before the British Association, DubUn meeting, September 1908, and published in exlenso in the
Naturalist, February lat, 1909, pp. 83, 84, 85 ; also on " The Pre-nuptial Plumage in Calidris are-
naria," read before the British Association, Winnipeg meeting, August 1909, pubhshed in the
Report ; and on " Semination in Calidris armaria" read before the British Association, Sheffield
meeting, August 1910, pubhshed in the Report; and on "The Vernal Plumage-changes in the
Adolescent Blackbird and their correlation with Sexual Maturity," read before the British Associa-
tion, Portsmouth meeting, August 1911, and published in the Report.

■f " Sequence of Plumages in British Birds," British Birds, vol. iii. 1909-10, p. 392.

8 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

to raise the question, Do the adult birds renew their flight-feathers in some
cases in the vernal moult ? The fact that these feathers may be abraided of
the buff edgings in varying degrees does not necessarily negative the idea, as
such a process of abrasion may proceed later on in the spring.

Before leaving this part of the subject I may state that from a minute
anatomical examination of the reproductive organs I would say that the Tuskar
bird had reached the sexually active stage of its life, but it does not necessarily
follow that there must be a strict correlation between the first arrival at puberty
and the assumption of the full nuptial garb. Many external sexual characters
do not appear tUl some time after semination has first manifested itself ; for
example, the growth of the hair on the face of man, especially the beard, does
not as a rule show to any extent until a considerable period after puberty, and
many other examples might be cited. To sum up, then, I would say that the
Black-eared Wheatear from Tuskar was in adolescent or pre-nuptial plumage,
had just reached the age in which it was capable of breeding, but whether it
would have done so this season had it survived and had it met a mate, remains
an open question. Lastly, in submitting the bird to Mr. Eagle Clarke for com-
parison with specimens in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, I find that
his testimony regaiding the probable age agrees substantially with that of mine,
for he informs me that he is of the opinion " that though mature it is not an
old bird." *

Condition. — The condition of the plumage on the whole is good ; the full
complement of feathers is j)resent, and none of the long feathers of the wings
or tail are bent or broken. The only feathers which had not been renewed by
the spring moult are the flight-feathers, with the primary-coverts and a few
of the outer greater wing-coverts already indicated, and ten of the twelve taU-
feathers. Of these, the taU-feathers are in quite a good condition and the
dark band is but little faded ; the wing-coverts are also in good condition, but
these and the flight-feathers have faded to some extent. The tips of the latter,
especially the middle series of primaries, are roughened by abrasion, and are
the only group of feathers which detract slightly from the beauty of the birds'
dress. The rest of the plumage, recently acquked, is clean and bright and the
individual feathers are in perfect condition.

Peet.

In colour the feet are black, but the tarso-metatarsus (the part commonly
called the leg) as distinct from the phalanges or toes, is shorter than in the foot
of the Common Wheatear by about 6 mm. {vide measurements). This part of
the foot is almost as strongly buUt as in the Common Wheatear, but the toes
are more slender, and the naOs smaller and shorter. The outer and inner toes
are practically of the same length in the two species, and the difference in the
ratio of length of toe to nail is almost negligible, the nail of these toes being
but a mere shade longer and sharper in the Common Wheatear ; but in the
mid and hind-toes the naUs of the latter are defuiitely longer, the difference
being more marked in the hind-toe ; yet these toes, minus their nails, are almost
the same length in the two species (vide measurements).

* VV. Eagle Clarke in lilt.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

Beak.

Like the feet, the beak is black, and in contour and measurements is
practically identical with that of the Common Wheatear.

Bodily Condition.

In the openmg pages of this paper I referred, in passing, to the decidedly
good condition of the body, the good tone of the muscles, and the presence of
fatty tissue in considerable amount, especially about the root of the neck and
upper part of the thorax. Here I may add that I examined all the viscera and
found them perfectly healthy except part of the brain, which was congested and
haemorrhagic as the result of the indented part of the skull pressing unduly on
its surface. The details regarding the injury to the skull showed that the vault
was deeply indented in the region of the right frontal bone, 3 mm. behind the
right orbital rim and 15 mm. lateral to the sagittal suture. The indentation
measured in its longest diameters 4' 5 mm. and was 2 mm. deep, and in outline
was triangular. It was surrounded by a considerable degree of subcranial
haemorrhage (see fig. 5, pi. I.). The gizzard was absolutely empty; the signifi-
cance of this condition I have dealt with fully on p. 3.

The testes showed out very prominently ; both were equally developed,
moderately distended, and reddish in colour. They were about the size of small
garden-peas, the left approaching a globular outline, whOe the right was oval in
shape and situated at a higher level than its fellow. Microscopical examination
showed that spermatogenesis had commenced, but that semination had not
reached full activity.

measurements.

Total length of specimen from tip of beak to tip of tail, 15 cm. ; length of
right wing, measured from fold of carpal joint to tip of thii-d and longest primary,
8'4 cm. ; left wing, 8'3 cm. ; bastard primary, 2'1 cm. ; length from tip of wings
(folded) to tip of tail, 2 cm. ; length of tail, 6 cm. ; length of foot * less toes,
2'25 cm. ; toes : hind, 1 cm. (naU 4 mm., rest of toe 6 mm.) ; inner, 1 cm. ; middle,
1'4 cm. (naU 3 mm., rest of toe 1"1 cm.) ; outer, 9 cm. ; length of beak (culmen),
r2 cm. ; same as that of the Common Wheatear. Left testis, 5 mm. in length,
4 mm. in breadth ; right testis, 6 mm. in length, 4 mm. in breadth.

Weight.

After the feathers had been thoroughly dried, the bird weighed 4 drams 18
grains. This Wheatear, while reaching in total length that of the Common species,
is not so bulky, and so its weight, which is about 1 dram less, is not disproportion-
ately reduced. The ratio of its weight to that of an average well-nourished
Common Wheatear is about correct ; but I may point out that frequently
Common Wheatears arrive at light-stations in an extraordinarily obese con-

• In the Common Wheatear the foot, leas the toes, measures on average 2'85 cm. ; the hind
toe rS cm., of which the nail measures 6 mm., the rest of the toe 7 mm. ; the inner toe 1 cm. ; the
mid-toe 1*5 cm., of which the nail measures 4 mm,, the rest of toe I'l cm. ; outer toe, 9 cm.

2q Novitates Zoologicae XXIV. 1917.

dition, turning the scales at Oi or even VJ drams ! Compared with such birds
the Black-eared Wheatear from'Tuskar would be somewhat proportionately
under-weight ; however, I have little doubt that extra-fat Black-eared Wheatears
of heavier weight occur among the numbers which, without undue prolonga-
tion or disturbance en route, affect regular migrations.

TOTAL OCCURRENCES OF THE WESTERIT BLACK-EARED
WHEATEAR IN THE BRITISH ISLES.

The Black-eared Wheatear, which forms the theme of this paper, is the
first specimen which has been obtained in Ireland, and I am not aware that it
has ever been observed ui the country previously, but considering that the bird
has penetrated farther north and west, it is quite likely that it has reached the
Irish coast on previous occasions, but has passed unnoticed ; now, however, with
the production of a specimen, the record of its occurrence has been rendered
authentic, and the bird accordingly takes its place on the Irish List. The records
in Great Britain have been actually more frequent of latter years — I shall point
out the reason for this further on when dealing with the status of the bird — here,
however, it is convenient to state that as the Black-eared ^Vheatear was formerly
looked upon as a distinct species from the Black-throated Wheatear, its rarity
appeared still more marked. Now, however, it is recognised that there is only
one species, some members of which exhibit black throats, others a whitish
shade * (Hartert). Adopting the modern name of Western Black-eared Wheatear,
and including birds in both phases of plumage, we find that the total occur-
rences up to the present time in Great Britam are as follows : One, an adult
male with a black throat, obtained near Bury, Lancashire, on May 8th, 1875;
one, also an adult male with a black throat, seen, but not obtained, by Mr. H. B.
Hewetson, near Spurn, Yorkshire, on September 18th, 1892. The above instances
are taken from Saunders's Manual of British Birds, second edition, 1899, p. 23.t
The following occurrences have been recorded subsequent to the publication of
Saunders's Manual : One, a male, obtained near Polegate, Sussex, on May 28th,
1902 ; one, an adult male, obtained near Hoo, Sussex, on May 22nd, 1905 { ; one,
an adult male with a black throat, obtained near Lydd, Kent, on Maj' 23rd, 1906.§
The above three instances have been gleaned from a paper in British Birds,
vol. i. pp. 6, 7, by Saunders, entitled, " Additions to the List of British Birds
since 1899." Still later notices of the occurrences of this Wheatear in Great

• Vide "Notes on Various Species of British Birds " (from Part VI. Vogel d. pal. Fauna), by
Dr. Ernst Hartert; British Birds, vol. xv. 1910-11. pp. 131-2.

t Described by Saunders as Black-throated Wheatears {Saxicola stapazina), the light- throated
form, the true Black-eared Wheatear of that period (iS. aurita), then unknown to have visited the
British Isles.

I These two birds, showing whitish throats, were regarded as examples of the true Western
Black-eared Wheatear {S. caterinae), and were recorded as the first and second of their kind obtained
in the British Isles. In reaUty they represent the third and fourth recorded occurrences, and the
second and third specimens actually brought to hand.

§ Described as a Black-throated Wheatear (S. occidentalix), and recorded as the second of
its kind obtained in the British Isles. In reality it was the fourth Western Black-eared Wheatear
obtained and the fifth recorded. N.B. — The specific name occidentalis was adopted because the
name atapazina was transferred to represent the specific name of the Eastern Black-eared Wheatear.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 11

Britain are as follows : One, a male, obtained at Winchelsea, Sussex, on May 2nd,
1907 (J. B. Nichols, British Birds, vol. i. 1907-8, p. 185) * ; one, a male with a
black throat, obtamed at Fair Isle, Scotland, on September 25th, 1907 (W.
Eagle Clarke, Studies in Bird Migration, vol. ii. p. 145 ; Annals of Scottish Natural
History, 1907, p. 246, and ibid. 1908, pp. 72-85; and Witherby, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 382) f ; one, a female in winter dress, obtained at St. Kilda, on Septem-
ber 21st, 1911 (W. Eagle Clarke, Studies in Bird Migration, vol. ii. p. 217) f ; two
males, each with a black throat, obtamed near Winchelsea, Sussex, respectively
on May 16th and 19th, 1912 (J. B. Nichols, British Birds, vol. vi. 1912-13,
p. 184) § ; one, a male, the colour of throat not mentioned, obtamed at HoUington,
Sussex, on May 5th, 1915 (H. W. Ford-Lmdsay, British Birds, vol. ix. 1915-16,
p. 121) II ; one, a male with " no frontal band of black," obtained at St. Leonards,
Sussex, on October 30th, 1915 (H. Ford-Lindsay, ibid. p. 249)11; one, an adolescent
male with a black throat, obtained on Tuskar Rock, co. Wexford, on May 16th,
1916 (C. J. Patten, Dublin Daily Express, June 8th, 1916; Irish Times, June
9th, 1916 ; Nature, June 15th, 1916, pp. 321, 322 ; Irish Naturalist, June 1916,
p. 100) ** ; this, the most recent occurrence, completes the number of British-
taken specimens up to date.

* Described as the Western Black-eared Wheatear {S. caterinae), and recorded as the third
obtained in the British Isles ; in reality it was the fifth obtained and sixth recorded.

t Described as the Black-throated Wheatear {S. occidenkilis) and recorded as the third British
and first Scottish example procured. In reality it was the sixth Western Black-eared Wheatear
obtained in Great Britain and the seventh recorded, and the first from Scotland. A ready and
concisely drawn-up reference to the above seven records is to be found in Dr. Hartert's Hand-list of
British Birds, 1912, p. 81. AU these birds have been included under the one name of the Western
Black-eared Wheatear {Oenanthe h. hispanica) ; tlie question of there being only one species, dimorphic
in the plumage of the throat, having been answered in the affirmative, the name Black-throated
was abandoned. The alteration in the nomenclature is the outcome of Dr. Hartert's researches,
and is now widely adopted.

J Here named Black-throated Wheatear {Saxicola hispanica), and recorded as the second
specimen obtained in Scotland ; this bird was entered as the Western Black-eared Wheatear
{Oen^anthe h. hispanica) in a paper in British Birds, vol. vi. 1912-13, p. 152, by the Editors, entitled
" Additional Records from Fair Isle and St. Kilda." This paper appeared subsequent to the publication
of Dr. Hartert's Hand-list of British Birds, and as a result his nomenclatural and vernacular names
for the species have l^een adopted. It is interesting to note that Mr. Eagle Glarlie while still adhering
to the older name of Black-throated Wheatear had already adopted the same specific name of
hispanica as did Dr. Hartert instead of occidentalis. This bird represents the seventh Western Black-
eared Wheatear obtained, and the eighth recorded in Great Britain, and the second obtained in
Scotland.

§ Both named the Black-throated form of the Western Black-eared Wheatear, of which form
only four previous captures had been made in Great Britain. This statement is correct. However,
proceeding with statistics regarding both forms we find these two birds to be the eighth and ninth
obtained, and the ninth and tenth recorded in Great Britain.

II The title of the note here is " Western Black-eared AVheatear in Sussex," but in the text
Mr. Ford-Lindsay speaks of the bird as the Black-throated Wheatear ; hence I presume it is s
Black-throated form and have entered it as such in the synoptical tables (A) and (C). It represents
the tenth specimen obtained and the eleventh recorded in the British Isles of the Western Black-
eared Wheatear.

^ Designated Western Black-throated Wheatear, yet while this older vernacular name is used,
the most modern trinomial nomenclatural term, viz. Oenanthe h. hispanica, is applied. This biid
is the eleventh obtained and the twelfth recorded in the British Isles of the Western Black-eared
Wlieatear.

** Called Black-eared Wheatear [Oenanthe hispanica), the racial form being undetermined
when these preUminary notes were sent to press. In the Dublin daily papers above mentioned, I
did not insert the scientific names. This bird is the twelftli obtained and the thirteenth
recorded in the British Isles, and the first obtained in Ireland, of the Western Black-eared
Wheatear.

12

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 191"

SYNOPTIC TABLES.

A. TABLE SHOWING AUTHENTIC BRITISH RECORDS IN SERIAL ORDER OF THE

BLACK-THROATED FORM.

Serial Record.

Sei.

Date.

LocaUty.

First British

Male

May 8th, 1875

Lancashire.

Second British

Male

May 23rd, 1900

Kent.

Third British and First Scotch

Male

Sept. 25th, 1907

Fair Isle.

Fourth British and Second Scotch

Female

Sept. 2nd, 1911

St. Kilda.

Fifth British

Male

May 16th, 1912

Sussex.

Sixth British

Male

May 19th, 1912

Sussex.

Seventh British

Male

May 5th, 1915

Sussex.

Eighth British and First Irish

Male

May 16th, 1916

Wexford.

B. TABLE SHOWaNG AUTHENTIC BRITISH RECORDS IN SERIAL

LIGHT-THROATED FORM.

ORDER OF THE

Serial ReconJ.

Sex.

Date.

Locality.

First British

Male

May 28th, 1902

Sussex.

Second British

Male

May 22nd, 1905

Sussex.

Third British

Male

May 2nd, 1907

Sussex.

Fourth British

Male

Oct. 30th, 1915

Sussex.

C. TABLE SHOWING AUTHENTIC BRITISH RECORDS IN SERIAL ORDER OF THE
TWO FORMS TAKEN TOGETHER.

Serial Record.

Sex.

Date.

Locality.

First British

Male

May 8th, 1875

Lancashire.

•Second British

Male

May 28th, 1902

Sussex.

•Third British

Male

May 22nd, 1905

Sussex.

Fourth British

Male

May 23rd, 1906

Kent.

•Fifth British

Male

May 2nd, 1907

Sussex.

Sixth British and First Scotch

Male

Sept. 25th, 1C07

Fair Isle.

Seventh British and Second Scotch

Female

Sept. 2nd, 1911

St. Kilda.

Eighth British

Male

May 16th, 1912

Sussex.

Ninth British

Male

May 19th, 1912

Sussex.

Tenth British

Male

May 5th. 1915

Sussex.

•Eleventh British

Male

Oct. 30th, 1915

Sussex.

Twelfth British and First Irish

Male

May 16th, 1916

Wexford.

N.B. — The light-throated forms are marked with an asterisk. The first two of these records
(second and third British) are interposed between the records of the first and second Black-throated
forms ; the third (fifth British) between the second and third Black-throated forms ; and the fourth
(the eleventh British) between the seventh and eighth Black-throated forni.s.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 13

It may now be observed from the above statistics that, during a period
lasting forty-one years, namely, from May 8th, 1875, when the first bird was
obtained, to May 16th, 1916, when the latest to date was obtained, thirteen
examples have been recorded, which, with the exception of one, have all been
handled and identified beyond doubt. Nine of the twelve authentic records,
that is to say three-fourths, come from England ; two, or one-sixth, from Scot-
land ; and one, or one-twelfth, from Ireland.

STATUS OF THE WESTERIT BLACE-EABED WHEATEAB AS A

BRITISH BIRD.

During latter years this Wheatear has been more frequently recorded than
formerly, and though it may be correct to regard it still a rare bird, obviously
it is less so than was supposed. As I have already pointed out when framing
the status of other rare British birds — e.g. Aquatic and Icterine Warblers * —
the study of ornithology has found much favour of late, and many more workers
have made a special study of migration, not only on the mainland but at light-
stations buUt on rocks and islands some mUes ofE the coast, and situated so as
to lie along and often to intersect important migration-routes. Added is the
valuable co-operation and increasing vigilance of the light-keepers ; the result
is that the number of records of heretofore supposed very rare birds has markedly
increased, and in many cases the status of species calls for revision.

It requires but a passing glance at the synoptical table (C) to find
that while twenty-seven years elapsed between the capture of the first and
■second birds, i.e. May 8th, 1875, to May 28th, 1902, from the latter date
onward this Wheatear has been recorded almost annually, and in some seasons
even in the plural number. Most specimens have been taken in Sussex,
due no doubt largely to the fact that this county possesses keen observers ;
albeit there is every reason to think that this Southern European Wheatear,
in affecting its normal vernal migration-range, may betimes somewhat slightly
overshoot the mark and arrive on the coasts of other British maritime southern
counties. Unlike the Icterine and Aquatic Warbler, which normally push
far enough north to breed in latitudes on the Continent corresponding to —
and in the case of the Icterine Warbler, even beyond — those of our Isles, the
northern limit of the vernal migration-range of the Western Black-eared Wheatear
is said to be limited by the River Loire in France. With this more restricted
breeding-range the species could hardly be expected to visit the higher latitudes
of the British Isles with any degree of regularity. It may be safer to regard
its visits to Yorkshire, Lancashire, and in a far greater degree to St. Kilda and
Fair Isle, as quite exceptional. This is borne out by the fact that Mr. Eagle
Clarke has only obtained it once from these Scottish islands, a contrast to the
visits of the Icterine Warbler to Fair Isle, where it " occurred annually on the
island during recent years in spring or autumn or both." f

The visit of the Western Black-eared Wheatear to Tuskar Rock is not
altogether surprising. The situation of this station lies along the line of the

* Vide papers on "Aquatic and Icterine Warblera obtained on Tuskar Rock," Zoologist, March
1915, pp. 82-92, and iUd. February 191G, pp. 41-54.

t " Notes on the Migratory Birds observed at Fair Isle in 1914," ScoUiah Naturalist, May 1915,
p. 104.

14 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

migration-route of birds pushing up towards the south-west sea-board of England,
and it requires but little extension of a north-west flight for a bird to reach a
rock off the south-east corner of Ireland — e.g. Tuskar — instead of the coast of
Devonshire or Cornwall. In support of this argument it should be remembered
that the Wheatear as a class is a strong and very energetic bird, endowed with
powerful, well sustained, and rapid flight.* Again, the geographical distribution
of the breeding-grounds of the Common Wheatear, in -nhich may be included
the Greenland form, is of very considerable extent, and for aught we know
the breeding-ground of the Western Black-eared Wheatear may be wider than
we are aware of, nor should the question of the possibility of its breeding-range
becoming more extensive of later years be altogether neglected. Not that I wish
to imply that the bird resorts or has resorted to the south of Ireland to breed ,
we have no evidence whatever to substantiate this view. For the present
I am content to regard the visit of the bird to Tuskar as representing a pro-
longation in flight of one of the numbers which make for the southern sea-board
of England, where the status of such birds requires close scrutiny. And indeed
it seems particularly interesting at this juncture to bear in mind that not one
of the eight birds taken in the South of England met its death at a light-station
by striking the lantern, or such like accident, f

In other words there is no evidence to show that fog was encountered, and
that any of these birds, becoming bewildered during their nocturnal movements
by the glare of the lantern, deviated from or were delayed on their accustomed
route. Indeed the question of the possibility of these eight Black-eared Wheat-
ears arriving in the south of England, not as vagrants, waifs, refugees, or mere
accidental visitors, but as genuine summer-visitors, prepared to breed if suitable
nesting-sites presented themselves, must not be summarily dismissed. Wheat-
ears as a class are not particularly fastidious in their choice of nesting-sites,
provided they can secure cover in some open upland country among stone-walls,
burrows, crevices, etc. However, it is rather curious that these eight birds were
all males J : possibly, however, they, or some of them, may have had their
consorts with them, but the latter being less showy were overlooked.

On the other hand, supposing the view be adopted that these Wheatears
were accidental visitors which overshot their breeding migration-range, then
possibly the males, stronger, more ardent, and energetic, might more readily go
astray. The weight of this hypothesis becomes much reduced on closer study,
for accidental visitors are frequently represented by females as well as by males,
for example the Dartford, Aquatic, and Icterine ^^'arblers, taken recently on
Tuskar Rock, were females, and many others might be cited. But whatever
may have been the vis a iergo which propelled these Wheatears to travel beyond
their normal limit and to reach the southern shores of England, I think it is

* On rock light-stations oH the coast of Ireland, Wheatears are harassed and preyed upon
to a large extent by Merlin Falcons. I have witnessed over and over again the .speed and adroitness
in turning and the endurance on the \ring displayed by the Wheatear when closely pursued, and
many times I have perceived the Falcon relinquish the chase.

t The one other bird which completes the number at present known to have been taken in
England, namely the Lancashire bird, did not strike a lantern on the coast either, but it is more
expedient not to include it in the text with the south of England birds seeing that its visit was more
likely accidental than other\\ise.

X Moreover, the vagrants to Tuskar, Lancashire, and Fair Isle, were males, the only female
being the bird which wandered to the outlying island of St. Kilda. In short, eleven of the twelve
British-taken Western Black-oared Wheatears proved to be of the male sex.

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1!)17. 15

more likely than not that the birds come under the category of occasional if
not annual summer-visitors rather than accidental vagrants. It has not yet been
proved that their visits are annual and regular ; at the same time the evidence,
as it accumulates, points in that direction.

With the data at our disposal the question in regard to the periodic status
of the bird is becoming unfolded, and so far as our present knowledge goes would
read somewhat as follows : A frequent, and quite likely an annual, summer-visitor
to the southern counties of England, and occurring as a very rare vagrant in
more northern latitudes of the British Isles. What the numeric status may be
remains to be seen. It is certain, however, that those specimens obtained do not
by any means exhaust the numbers which appeared each season. If we adopt the
estimate made by such competent authorities as Dr. E. Hartert, Rev. F. C. R.
Jourdain, Dr. N. F. Ticehurst, and Mr. H. F. Witherby, namely, that for every
straggler vihich is identified and recorded, at least ten go past unidentified and
unrecorded,* and admitting the Western Black-eared Wheatear to be a frequent
summer-visitor rather than a mere straggler, it seems to me proportionate if the
numbers which escape detection in a given area where the bird has occurred
be estimated at twenty times greater. If for the present such an estimate be
granted, then the numeric status of the bird might be put down as " occurring in
very small numbers."

The complete status of this Wheatear might then read as follows : A frequent,
quite likely an annual visitor to the southern counties of England, occurring
in very small numbers, and a very rare vagrant to more northern latitudes in
the British Isles. In regard to Ireland apart from Great Britain, it is impossible
with but one specimen at our disposal, this representing the sole record known
up to the present, to set forth the status of the bird. If, as already suggested,
the Tuskar bird represents one of the South of England visitors which prolonged
its journey slightly, with negligible deviation of route, it might be appropriately
called for the present an expectant, rather than a mere haphazard accidental
vagrant. This much may be added, however, in conclusion, that, while on the one
hand the Black-eared Wheatear is a migrant in summer to more southern European
latitudes ; on the other hand, being a bird of strong flight and energy, it may
be led to overstep the boundary of its breeding-range more readily and oftener
than has been supposed, and, if a sharp look-out be kept, it may be found visiting
Ireland again at no distant date. Its chances of fraternising xn flight with
some of the thousands of Common and Greenland Wheatears which reach Tuskar
annually in spring, and thence of alighting on Irish soil, are not improbable.
We have seen that the Tuskar bird arrived synchronously with several Common
Wheatears and many other species which habitually visit Tuskar on spring
migration ; that it was in good condition ; and was not a waif which had drifted
about aimlessly, untU fatigue or storm-bound it sought refuge on the rock. In
truth it was affecting a vigorous migration. Such are hopeful signs that it
will re-visit Ireland. I fervently hope so.

GENERAI. GEOGRAFHICAI. DISTRIBUTIOIT.

In regard to the general geographical distribution of the Western Black-eared
Wheatear, Saunders provides the following : " Although some occurrences

• Vide Introduction, p. xi. Hand-liitt oj British Birds, 1912, by above authors.

16 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

formerly recorded under this name * in Heligoland were really those of the
Desert-Wheatear, yet the present species seems to have been obtained there
once ; while Schlegel records it from Haarlem, Holland. It breeds regularly
about as far north as the line of the Loire in France ; southward in the Spanish
Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, and Italy. In the latter country it meets with
S. melanoleuca f Guldenstadt : a form which some ornithologists consider to
be specifically distinct, characterised by a whiter back and larger amount of
black on the throat. This form occupies Greece, South Russia, Asia Minor,
Palestine, and Persia ; both races migrating wholly or partially to more southern
regions in \\'inter and meeting in Tunisia. The extremes of each are distin-
guishable in adult males, but there appear to be numerous intergradations, and
I have therefore treated the bird under one heading."

DESCRIPTION OP PLATE.

Fig. I shows the golden-bufi of the upper parts separated by a dark greyish
transverse band from the white area over the tail ; also the central tail-feathers
black in their entire length to the base.

Fig. 2 shows the golden-butf sweeping ventrally round the sides of the neck
and merging into the impure white of the under parts ; also the black axillaries
and under wing-coverts.

Figs. 3 and 4 show the feet and small slender claws in profile ; in fig. 3
the tail is viewed from below, in fig. 4 from above.

The silver-grey forehead, black face and throat with whitish semicircular
collar beneath, are shown in each of the four figures.

Fig. 5 shows a dorsal view of the skull, the right frontal bone of which is
deeply indented (D). Surrounding the indentation is a considerable degree of
subcranial haemorrhage. This photograph was taken immediately after the
skin was reflected from the head, before the brain was removed and the skull
cleaned permanently.

• The Black-throated Wheatear {Saxicola stapazina) described and figured in Saunders's
Manual, now known to be identical with the Black-throated form of the Western Black-eared
\Vhe&teQ.T(0enantheh.ki8panica). TheWestern WTiite-throated form has the same distribution, but
being considered by Saunders a distinct species (S. aurita) which had not then visited the British
Isles, its distribution is not mentioned in his book.

■j- This bird is the Eastern Black-eared Wheatear {Oenanthe hispanica xanthomelaena) of modern
nomenclaturists.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIV. 1917.

Pr.. T.

Western Black-eared Wheatear, from Ti'skar J{ocic,

\\exford.

Four photographs of the bird in the flesh : fig. 1, dorsal view; fig. 2, ventral view;' fig. 3. right profile; fig. 4,
left profile. Also a photograph of the vault of the skull, showing at (D), fig. 5, the deep indentation of the right
frontal bone. N.B. — The bird (figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) is represented at half its natural size; the vault of the skull
(fig. 5) at its natural size.

Photos by C. J. Patten.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017.

17

A CLASSIFICATION OF THE PYRALIDAE, SUBFAMILY
GALLERIANAE.

By sir GEORGE F. HAMPSON, Bart., F.Z.S., Etc.

"DROBOSCIS well developed, short, or aborted and minute ; palpi of male in
-L the typical genera short, upturned and thickly scaled, hidden below the very
large frontal tuft, in female downcurved and two or three times the length of
head. In the more ancestral genera the palpi may be long and downcurved in
both sexes, or rarely upturned ; maxillary palpi small and filiform, or obsolete,
sometimes more developed and somewhat dilated with scales, rarely long and
two-jointed ; frons usually with large tuft of hair ; eye large, round ; antennae
usually almost simple, sometimes ciliated, in Sphinctocera wth a small tooth
at one-fifth, the basal joint often long, in Megarthria very long and curved ;
thorax and abdomen without crests ; tibiae with all the spurs present. Fore-
wing with the shape very variable ; vein 1 a separate from 1 6 ; 1 c absent ;
4 sometimes absent or stalked ynlh 5 ; 6 sometimes stalked with 7, 8, 9 ; 7
present ; 9 often and 8 and 10 rarely absent ; 10 from cell or sometimes stalked
with 8, 9 ; the male often has the cell very much produced, sometimes almost
to termen, and with a glandular swelling containing masses of flocculent hair
at base of costa on underside. Hindwing with the median nervure pectinated
on upperside ; veins I a, 6, c present ; 4 often and 3 rarely absent, 3 and 5
or 4, 5 often stalked ; the discoceilulars often angled inwards almost to the
base, rarely almost obsolete ; 6, 7 from cell or stalked, in Agdistopis 6 absent ;

7 anastomosing with 8 or free ; frenulum of female multiple.

The neuration is not very constant, and in the forewing of the same species
vein 6 may be from the cell or stalked with 7, 8, 9 ; 7 may be given off from

8 before or beyond 9, and 10 may be rarely either present or absent ; in the
hindwing vein 4 is rarely either present or absent.

Larvae with all the prolegs present ; in Galleria rather short and stout,
in Aphoinia longer and more cylindrical ; in Oalleria and Achroia they live in the
hives of bees, forming silken tubular galleries, in Aphomia in the nests of Vespa
or Bombus, whilst some exotic species live in the nests of ants.

A t before a reference means that the type is in the British Museum, and
an * that the species is not in the collection.

In my opinion the name used for the subfamily and the genus Aphomia
should be respectively Tineiyiae and Tinea Linn., but in deference to the wishes
of the Editors of the Novitates I have here employed the terms Gallerianae and
Aphomia pending a more general consensus of the opinions of zoologists on the
subject.

Two species have been clauned as the type of the genus, sociella the first
on the list, a pellionella the twenty-fLfst.

Linne's description of Tinea is " Alls convolutis, fere in cylindrum ; frontc
prominula."

The first part of the description applies to the wings in repose, in sociella
they are folded almost into a cylinder, in pellionella they are more tent-lilie in
shape, with the apices of the f orewings turned outwards ; the second part applies

2

18

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

5

I

<2

■s

?

s

^

u~

II

e.

«

Ida

J

•s

K!l

«

1

s

1

•

Cl

o

Ci

S

"^

6^

^

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 19

to the hair on the frons which in sociella forms a thick tuft, whilst in pellionella
it consists of loose hair ; in fact sociella exactly answers the generic description,
and pellionella does not.

The Latin word Tinea means a larval insect pest ; it is used by Virgil for
the worms of moths that live in bee-hives, by Horace for book-worms, and by
other authors for those of clothes-moths, etc.

The type of a genus is the species from which the original author described
that genus, and no action by a subsequent author or by all the Zoological Con-
gresses in the world can alter that fact. The difficulty is to determine what
that species is when the type is not indicated. The author would naturally
put his type species down first on his list, but he might subsequently rearrange
his list so as to get a more natural order of the species. Unless, however, there
is any evidence of this, such as the first species not agreeing with the generic
description, that species must be presumed to be the type.

Under Tortrix Linne states that the larvae twist leaves, uniting them by
threads and living and feeding between them. The first species on his list,
prasinana, therefore cannot be the type, and the second species, viridana, becomes
the type.

The type of Sphinx is ligustri, because Linne in Faun. Succ. states that it is
commonly called " The Sphinx " from the attitude of the larva. Similarly the
type of Bomhyx is mori because he calls it " The Bombyx," and the silkworm
exclusively was known by that name to the Greeks and Romans.

Three methods are in use for determining the type of a genus when the
type is not indicated.

1 . The above, which is used in the revision of the Sphingidae by Rothschild
and Jordan, the Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, by
most of the authors in Seitz' Macrolepidoptera, and by most American authors.
It is the only method by which finality can be reached, and is rapidly coming
into general use.

2. That the first reviser of a genus fixes the type of that genus. No two
authors seem to agree exactly in their interpretation of this law, or as to what
constitutes a revision, and whether a type has been fixed or not. Its chief
advantage seems to be that each author can continue to use a generic name
in the sense to which he is accustomed.

3. That all species on the original list of a genus which have been used as
the types of later genera shall be eliminated, and one of the remaining species
be fixed as the type of the genus.

This led to so many anomalies, such as the least applicable species being
fixed as the type of the genus, and even a species that the author of the genus
had never seen, that it has fallen into disuse.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Hindwing with veins 3, 4 absent.

a. Forewing with vein 4 absent, 6, 7, 8 stalked . . Paroxyptera, p. 27

b. Forewing with vein 4 present, 6 from the cell . MetacJirysia, p. 30

B. Hindwing with vein 3 present, 4 absent.

a. Forewing with veins 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked.

a'. Hindwng with the cell open . . . Arenipses, p. 36

bV Hindwing with the cell closed . . . Paraphomia, p. 37

20

XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917

Forewing with vein 6 from the cell,
a'. Forewing with vein 4 absent,
a*. Forewing with vein 9 absent
h'. Fore\ving \\ith vein 9 present
b'. Forewing with vein 4 present.
a=. Forewing with vein 9 absent.

a'. Forewing with vein 11 becoming

coincident vnth 12 .
b'. Forewing wdth vein 11 free.

a'. Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked
a'. Frenulum absent ; abdomen
very long and tipuliform ;
hindwing with vein 6absent
b". Frenulum present ; abdo-
men normal ; hindwing
with vein 6 present,
a'. Forewing -with vein 8
present ; hindwing
with the cell open .
b^ Forewing wth vein
8 absent ; hindwing
with the cell closed .
b '. Forewing with veins 4, 5 from
cell.
a^ Frons with tuft of scales,
a'. Forewing with vein
10 stalked wth 7, 8
b^ Forewing with vein 10
from the cell .
b '. Frons without tuft of scales,
a'. Hindwing with the
apes produced and
acute
b'. Hindwing with the
apex not produced .
b-. Forewing with vein 9 present.

a'. Forewing with vein Tfrom 8 beyond 9.

a'. Forewing with vein 10 stalked

with 7, 8, 9.

a^ Forewing with the cell long

b'. Forewing with the cell short.

a'. Forewing with the apex

produced and acute

b'. Fore wing with the apex

not produced.

a'. Forewingshort,the

termen straight

b'. Forewing long, the

termen rounded

Anerastidia, p. 27
Corcyra, p. 35

Rhectophlebia, p. 27

Agdistojns, p. 43

Stenachroia, p. 28
Phycitodes, p. 26

Metaraphia, p. 31
Eldana, p. 29

Achroia, p. 44
Prasinoxena, p. 23

Antiptilotis, p. 35
Acracomi, p. 30

Microcklora, p. 24
Trachylepidia, p. r.6

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

21

b'. Forewing with vein 10 from the
cell,
a'. Forewing with the costa
excised beyond middle,
the apex falcate
b'. Forewing with the costa
evenly arched,
a'. Forewing with the apex

rectangular .
b ^ Forewing with the apex
rounded .
b'. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.
a'. Forewing with vein 10 stalked

with 7, 8, 9 .
b'. Forewing with vein 10 from the
cell.
&'. Forewing long and narrow,
a". Forewing lanceolate,
the apex produced
and acute
b'. Forewing with the apex
slightly produced,
a'. Forewing with the
costa strongly
arched towards
apex
b'. Forewing with the
costa slightly
arched .
b*. Forewing shorter and
broader, the apex not
produced

C. Hindwing with vein 4 present.

a. Forewing with 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

a'. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 beyond 9.
b'. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9 or 9
absent,
a'. Forewing with vein 3 from well before
angle of cell .....
b'. Forewing with vein 3 from close to angle
of cell ......

b. Forewing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked and fi, 7 stalked ;

frons with rounded prominence

c. Forewing with vein 10 from the cell.

a'. Forewing with vein 9 absent ; frons with
conical prominence .....

Parazanclodes, p. 23

Doloessa, p. 25
Afhomia.Tji. 37

Athaliptis, p. 45

Meyriccia, p. 29

Ethopia, p. 31

Tirathaba, p. 32

Heteromicta,X p. 42

Paraphycita, p. 54

Cathayia, p. 46

Epimorius, p. 45

Schoenobiodes, p. 57

Archigalleria, p. 55

X In Heteromicta amydraatis the forewing sometimes has vein 7 from 8 beyond 9, and in
H. oodee vein 9 ia sometimes absent.

22

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV". 1917.

'. Forewing with vein 9 present ; frons with large
tuft of hair,
a-. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 beyond 9.
a'. Forewing long and narrow.

a*. Forewing with the apex rect-
angular ....
b *. Forewing with theapexrounded,
the termen very short .
b'. Forewing broader.

a*. Forewingwith thetermenexcised
b*. Forewing with the termen not
excised ....

b*. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.
a'. Palpi of male short, upturned.

a'. Forewingwith the discocellulars
angled.
a^ Hindwing with veins 4, 5
stalked,
a*. Forewingwith the apex
produced and falcate
b^ Forewingwith the apex
not produced,
a'. Forewing very

narrow
b'. Forewing broad .
b^. Hindwing with veins 4, 5
from angle of cell .
b*. Forewing with the discocellulars
curved ....
b'. Palpi of male long and downcurved.
a*. Forewing with the costa arched
beyond middle then rather
truncate towards apex which
is produced and acute,
a'. Palpi about the length of
head and fringed with
long hair below, the
maxillary palpi dilated
with scales .
b'. Palpi about twice the
length of head and
moderately fringed with
hair below, the maxillary
palpi filiform
b*. Forewing with the costa evenly
arched, the apex rounded ;
palpi about twice the length
of head.
X In Lamoria inoatentalia vein 4 of the hindwing is often absent.

Picrogama, p. 47

Prosthenia, p. 48

Galleria, p. 53

Acara, p. 49

Eucallionyma, p. 26

Picrogama (part), p. 47
Schistotheca, p. 49

Statia, p. 26

Lamoria,X p. 50

Otnphalophora, p. 52

Acyperas, p. 52

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

23

a^ Antennae with the basal
jointvery long and curved
b*. Antennae with the basal
joint short .
c'. Forewing with the costa slightly
excised beyond middle, the
apex rounded ; palpi about
three times length of head
c'. Forewing with vein 7 from the cell.

a'. Frons with very large conical pro-
minence, grooved below ; palpi
short and upturned .
b'. Frons with conical prominence end-
ing in a small corneous beak ;
palpi obliquely upturned ; fore-
wing with veins 9 to 12 becoming
coincident below costa
c'. Frons without prominence ; palpi
porrect, about twice the length of
head .....

Megarthria, p. 54
Embryoglossa, p. 54

Sphinctocera, p. 55

Balaenifrons, p. 57

Morpheis, p. 56
Galleristhenia, p. 53

Type.

chrysaugeUa

Gen. Parazanclodes.

Parazanclodes Hmpan., Rom. Mim. vUi. p. 490 (1901) ....

Proboscis aborted ; palpi of male slight, upturned ; maxillary palpi minute ;
frons with rather large tuft of hair ; antennae short, the basal joint dilated ;
forewing narrow, the costa arched at base, then strongly excised, the apex pro-
duced and falcate, the termen strongly excised to middle ; the cell two-thirds
length of wing ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 well separated ;

6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9 ; 10, II from cell ; the male
with large glandular swelling at base of costa on underside fringed with long
hair, the cell clothed with fine hair, a patch of androconia below the cell
before base of vein 2. Hindwing with vein 2 from before angle of cell ;
3 and 5 from angle ; 4 absent ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8 ; the male
with patch of androconia in lower extremity of cell on upper side.

* Parazanclodes chrysaugeUa.

Parazanclodes chrysaugeUa Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 490. pi. 53. f. 18 (1901).
Br. IT. Guinea.

Gen. Prasinoxena.

Type.

Prasinoxena Meyr., Trans. Eni. Soc. 1894. p. 479 monosfila

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male minute, upturned, of female porrect and
extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi slight ; frons without
tuft of hair ; antennae short, the basal joint somewhat long and dilated. Fore-
wing rather short and broad, the costa rather oblique towards apex which is
produced and pointed, the termen obUque ; the cell long ; vein 2 from middle
of cell ; 3, 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from just below upper angle ; 7, 8, and 10 stalked,

7 from beyond 10, 9 absent ; II from cell ; the male with slight glandular swell-

24 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

ing at base of costa. Hindwing with the cell open ; veins 3 and 5 stalked to
near termen, 4 absent ; 7 anastomosing with 8 ; the male with a fold on inner
margin containing a tuft of long hair.

Sect. I. Forewing of male on underside with fringe of hair along median
nervure to just beyond the cell, do-miturned above the nervure and upturned
below it.

(1) Prasinoxena metaleuca.

t Prasinoxena metaleuca Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xxi. p. 1249. pi. G. f. 28 (1912).
Ceylon.

Sect. II. Forewing of male on underside with a streak of hairy scales above
median nervure.

(2) Prasinoxena monospila.

t Prasinoxena monospila Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894. p. 480 ; Hmpsn., Rom. ilim. viii. p. 499.
pi. 54. f. 14.

Borneo ; Fulo Iiaut.

Sect. III. Forewing of male on underside normal.

(3) Prasinoxena bilineella.

Prasinoxena bilineella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 5U0. pi. 54. f. 17 (1901).
Amboina ; Batchian.

(4) Prasinoxena viridissima.

t Prasinoxena viridissima Swinh., Fasic. Malay. Zool. i. p. 98 (1903).
Selangore.

(5) Prasinoxena hemisema.

t Prasinoxena hemisema Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894. p. 480 ; Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 500.
pi. 54. f. 15.

Fulo Iiant ; Sumbawa.

Gen. Microchlora.

Type.
Microchlora Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 468 (1901) ..... eariasella

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, upturned ; maxillary palpi minute ;
frons •nithout tuft of hair ; antennae with the basal joint long and dilated. Fore-
wing short and broad, the apex rectangular, the termen straight ; the cell
rather short ; vein 2 from middle of cell ; 3, 4, 5 well separated ; 6 from upper
angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 from beyond 9; 11 from cell. Hindwing with
the cell short ; vein 2 from near angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; the
discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8 ; the
male with fold on inner area containing a tuft of long hair.

(1) Microchlora eariasella.

Microchlora eariasella Ilmp.sn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 468. pi. 54. f. 13 (1901).
Batchian ; Celebes.

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 25

(2) I Microchlora bilineella n. sp.

(J. Head and thorax emerald-green ; pectus, legs and abdomen whitisli.
Forewing emerald-green, an erect slightly waved black and whitish antemedial
line from subcostal nervure to inner margin, a white point before it in submedian
fold ; a slightly waved black and whitish postmedial line from below costa to
inner margin, excurved to vein 4 then rather oblique, a white point beyond
it below vein 4 ; the costa towards apex, termen and cilia red-brown and whitish
with a series of white points defining the green area. Hindwing white. Under-
side of forewing and the costal area of hindwing green.

Solomon Is., Bougainville (Meek), 1 3 type. Exp. 20 mill.

Gen. Doloessa.

Type.
Doloesaa Zell., Isis. 1848. p. 860 .......... viridis

Thagora Wlk., xxviii. 205 (1863) figumna

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male very short, upturned, thickly
scaled, of female porrect and extending about the length of head ; maxillary
palpi filiform ; frons with large tuft of hair above ; antennae of male almost
simple, the basal joint with tuft of hair below. Forewing rather narrow, the apex
rectangular, the termen evenly curved ; veins 3 and 5 from close to angle of
cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9 ; 10, 11 from cell.
Hindwing with vein 2 from close to angle of cell ; 3 and 5 strongly stalked, 4
absent ; the discocellulars angled to near base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing
with 8.

Sect. I. Forewing of male on underside with the cell and the area just below
and beyond its extremity clothed with black androeonia ; hindwing on upperside
with the costal area clothed with black androeonia to beyond middle.

(1) Doloessa hilaropis.

Melissoblaptes hilaropis Meyr., Trans. ErU. Soc. 1897. p. 378.
Doloessa plumbolineella HmpsQ., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 488. pi. 54. f. 10 (1901).
Queensland.

(2) Doloessa castanella.

t Thagora castanella Hmpsn., Moths Ind. iv. p. 4 (1896) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 488.
Garcinoptera ochrociliella Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. pi. 8. £. 24 (1893) non descr.

Ceylon ; Andamans ; Christmas I. ; Tenimber.

Sect. II. Wings of male without patches of androeonia.

(3) Doloessa constellata.

t Doloessa constellata Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 94 (1901) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 489.
pi. 54. f. 12.

Assam, Khasis.

(4) Doloessa viiidis.

Doloessa viridis ZeU., Isis. 1848. p. 860 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 489. pi. 46. f. 16.

t Thagora figurana Wlk., xxvU. 205 (1863) ; Hmpsn., III. Het. D. M. ix. pi. 157. f. 8; id., Moths

Ind. iv. p. 5.
Tyana ornaia Wileman, Entom. xUii. p. 291 (1910).

Formosa ; Ceylon ; Philippines ; Java ; Kei Is. ; IT. Guinea ; Solomon Is. ;
Queensland.

26 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Eucallionyma.

Type.
Callionyma ileyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vii. p. IGl (1882), neo Callionymus Linn.,

Pisces (1758) ............ sarcodes

Eucallionyma Rag., Rom. Mem. vUi. p. 430 (1901) ...... sarcodes

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled, of female
downcurved ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost simple, the
basal joint somewhat dilated. Forewing with the costa moderately arched,
the apex produced and somewhat falcate, the termen obliquely curved ; the
lower angle of cell produced ; vein 3 from near angle ; 5 from above angle ;
the discocellulars angled inwards ; vein 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked,
7 from before 9 ; 10, 11 from cell ; the male with large fold on basal half of
costa on underside containing masses of flocculent hair. Hindwing with vein
3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; the discocellulars angled inwards to rather
near base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Eucallionyma sarcodes.

CcUlionyma sarcodes Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vii. p. 161 (1882); Rag., Eom. Mem. viii
p. 431. pi. 53. f. 7.
K.S. Wales ; Victoria.

Gen. Statia.

Type.
Staiia Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 443 (1901) chlordla

Proboscis strong, short ; palpi of female slender, the second joint oblique
to just beyond the frons, the third minute, porrect, acuminate at tip ; antennae
short, cihated. Forewing with the costa arched, the apex somewhat produced,
the termen evenly curved ; vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 separate ; the
discocellulars strongly angled inwards, 6 shortly stalked with 7, 8, 9 ; 7 from
before 9 ; 10, 11 from cell. Hindwing with the lower angle of cell much pro-
duced ; vein 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars strongly
angled inwards ; 6, 7 strongly stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

* Statia chlorella.

Statia chlorella Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 444. pi. 45. f. 14 (1901).
Peru.

Gen. Phycitodes nov.

Type P. albistriata.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of female very short, porrect and not
reaching as far as the large frontal tuft of hair ; maxillary palpi invisible ;
antennae rather long, with shght tufts of scales at the joints. Forewing long
and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 2 from
towards angle of cell ; 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ;
7 from before angle ; 8, 9 absent ; 10,11 from cell ; a fringe of scales below
base of costa on underside. Hindwing with the cell about one-third length
of wing ; vein 2 from towards angle ; 3 from angle ; 5 from just above angle,
4 absent ; the discocellulars curved ; 6, 7 from upper angle of cell ; 7 anastomos-
ing with 8.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 27

t Phycitodes albistriata n. sp.

$. Head, thorax and abdomen reddish brown mixed with white ; forewing
whitish tinged and thickly irrorated with dark purphsh brown ; white fasciae
on basal half of costa, in lower part of cell and on median nervnre, and streaks
on the veins beyond the cell ; shght dark spots in upper and lower angles of
cell and a terminal series of points ; a faint brown antemedial line, excurved
in the cell then oblique, and faint rather diffused oblique postmedial line. Hind-
wing ochreous white tinged with reddish brown, especially on costal area ;
a terminal brown line ; ciha white with a brown line near base. Underside
more suffused with brown.

Br. E. Africa, N'dimu (Betton), 1 ? type. Exf. 36 mill.

Gen. Rhectophlebia.

Type.

Rhectophlebia Rag., Nouv. Oen. p. 52 (1888) ........ monilella

Proboscis small ; palpi of female downcurved, extending about three
times length of head, the second joint thickly scaled, the third short ; maxillary
palpi absent ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae ciliated. Fore\\ing rather
narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; vein 2 from near angle
of cell ; 3 from angle ; 4, 5 strongly stalked ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 stalked,
9 absent; 10, 11 from cell, 11 becoming coincident with 12. Hindwing with
the cell very short ; veins 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7
anastomosing with 8.

* Rhectophlebia monilella.

Bhectophlebia monilella Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 52 (1888) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 493. pi. 8. f. 23.
Colombia.

Gen. Paroxyptera.

Type.
Paroxyptera Ra,g., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 503 (,1Q01) ....... filiella

Proboscis small ; palpi short, obUque, the third joint very short, porrect ;
maxillary palpi obsolete ; frons with strong tuft of hair ; antennae of female
minutely serrate, the basal joint with tuft of hair on inner side. Forewing
narrow, the apex produced, the termen very obhque ; veins 3 and 5 from angle
of cell, 4 absent ; 6, 7, 8 stalked, 9 absent ; 10, 11 from cell. Hindwing with
veins 2 and 5 from angle of cell, 3, 4 absent ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anas-
tomosing with 8.

* Paroxyptera filiella.

Achroea filiella Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879. p. 308 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 503. pi. 45. f. 4.
Uadagascar.

Gen. Anerastidia.

Type.
.4ncra«<Mito Hmpsn., i?om. J/em. viii. p. 500 (1901) ....... albiviltella

Proboscis shght ; palpi of male short, upturned, fringed with hair, of female
downcurved and extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute ;
frons with a large tuft of hair ; antennae short, the basal joint long and tufted

28 NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXIV. 1917.

with hair in front. Foreuing long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen
oblique ; the cell long ; vein 2 from middle of cell ; 3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent ;
the discocellulars curved ; vein 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 stalked, 9 absent ;
10, 11 from cell ; the male with small glandular swelHng and tuft of hair at
base of costa on underside. Hindwing with vein 2 from angle of cell ; 3 and 5
staUjcd, 4 absent ; the discocellulars retracted almost to base ; veins 6, 7 from
upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

(1) Anerastidia rhodoneura.

Anerastia rhodoneura Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. six. p. 43 (1905).
Queensland, Thursday I.

(2) Anerastidia albivittella.

t Anerastidia albivittella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 500. pi. 54. f. 22 (1901).
Hypsolropha bipunctella Wileman, Trans. Era. Soc. 1911. p. 356.
Japan ; Borneo ; Fnlo Laut ; Amboina,

(3) t Anerastidia pulverea n. sp.

(J. Head and thorax white faintly tinged with browoi ; abdomen white, the
second and third segments dorsally tinged with ochreous. Forewing white faintly
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with a few dark scales ; an oblique sub-
terminal series of sUght blackish marks in the interspaces ; a terminal series of
black points. Hindwing semihyaline white, the veins and termen tinged with
ochreous.

?. Thorax irrorated with blackish scales ; forewing thickly irrorated with
blackish scales, a diifused antemedial black mark above inner margin, the
subterminal spots and terminal points more distinct ; hindwng with the termen
tinged with brown towards apex.

Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 cJ type, Sta. Fe, Ocampo
(Wagner), 1 ?. Exp. 22 mill.

(4) * Anerastidia ebenopasta.

Anerastidia ebenopasta Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xviii. p. 122 (1904).
Queensland.

Gen. Stenachroia.

Type.
Stenachroia Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 93 (1901) elongella

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male small, upturned, thickly scaled,
of female downcurved, extending about twice the length of head ; frons with
large tuft of hair ; antennae short, the basal joint long and with tuft of hair
below. Forewing very long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely
curved ; vein 2 from middle of cell ; 3 from angle ; 4, 5 strongly stalked ; 6
from upper angle ; 7, 8 stalked from before angle, 9 absent ; 10, II from cell :
the male with glandular swelling at base of costa on underside and fringe of
upturned hair from middle of median nervure. Hindwing wth the cell open ;
veins 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV, 1917. 29

(1) Stenachroia elongella.

t Stenachroia elongella Hmpan., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 93 (1901) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii.
p. 494. pi. 54. f. 20.

Assam, Khasis ; Bengal, Pusa ; Ceylon.

(2) * Stenachroia myrmecophila.

Stenachroia myrmecophila Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. six. p. 54 (1905).
Qneeusland.

Gen. Eldana.

Type.
Eldana Wlk., xxxii. 632 (1865) saccharina

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short and upturned, of female downcurved
and extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute ; frons with
tuft of scales ; antennae short, the basal joint long and dilated. Forewing
long and narrow, the costa slightly arched, the apex rounded, the termen
evenly curved ; vein 2 from middle of cell : 3 from well before angle ; 4, 5 from
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 stalked from before angle, 9 absent ; 10, 11 from
cell ; the male with slight glandular swelHng at base of costa on underside.
Hind wing with vein 2 from near angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ;
the discocellular angled inwards to near base ; veins 6, 7 from upper angle, 7
anastomosing with 8.

(1) * Eldana leucostictalis.

Eldana leucostictalis Lower, Tr. R. Soc. S. Amir. 1903. p. 50.
Queensland.

(2) Eldana saccharina.

t Eldana saccharina Wlk., xxxii. 633 (1865) ; Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 495. pi. 45. f. 18.
Sierra Leone ; Gold Coast ; Mozambiqne.

Gen. Meyriccia.

Type.
Meyrickia Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 456 (1901) ........ latro

Proboscis fuUj' developed ; palpi of male short, upturned, of female down-
curved and extending about twice the length of head ; maxillary palpi tufted
vnih hair ; frons smooth, with large tuft of hair above ; antennae short, almost
simple. Forewing very long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely
curved ; the cell about three-fourths length of wing ; vein 3 from well before
angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars angled ; 6 from just below upper
angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from before 9; 10, 11 from cell; male with small
glandular swelhng at base of costa on underside and the cell clothed with silky
hair. Hind wing with vein 2 from close to angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4
absent ; the discocellulars angled inwards almost to base ; 6, 7 from upper
angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Meyriccia latro.

t Melissoblaptes latro Zell., Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1873. p. 213 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 457.
pi. 46. f. 8.

IT. S. Wales ; S. Australia ; W. Australia.

30 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Metachrysia.

Typs.
Metachrysia Hmpsn., Rom. Mim. vUi. p. 504 (1901) ...... acyperella

Proboscis small ; palpi slender, upturned, fringed with hair ; maxillary palpi
very small ; frons with small tuft of hair ; antennae of male short. Forewing
narrow, the costa arched before apex which is obliquely truncate and produced
to a point, the termen oblique ; the cell very long, the lower angle produced ;
veins 2, 3, 4, 5 given off at equal distances and parallel ; the discocellulars very
oblique ; vein 6 from upper angle of cell ; 7, 8 stalked, 9 absent ; 10, 11 from
cell ; the male on underside with the cell clothed with fine silky hair, with a
small glandular swelling at base of costa. Hindwing with the cell open ; veins
2 and 5 stalked, 3, 4 absent ; 6, 7 sialked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

* Metachrysia acyperella.

Metachrysia acyperella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 504. pi. 53. £. 17 (1901).
S'Entrecasteaox Is,, Fergusson I.

Gen. Acracona.

Type.
Acracona Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxvi. p. 244 (1900) ...... remipedalis

Palpi of male minute, of female reaching just beyond the large frontal tuft;
maxiUary palpi small ; antennae with the basal joint long, the shaft of
moderate length cihated ; fore and mid tibiae and tarsi thickened and flattened
especially in female. Forewing with the costa arched at base, the apex strongly
produced and acute ; the cell rather short ; vein 3 from near angle of cell ;
4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars curved ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9,
10 stalked, 7 from beyond 9; 11 free; male with a large glandular swelling
enclosing flocculent hair on underside of basal costal area and a fringe of long
upwardly directed hair in submedian fold at middle. Hindwing with veins 3
and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent ; the discocellulars angled inwards ; 6, 7 from
upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

(1) * Acracona flammealis n. sp.

Head and thorax purpUsh red ; abdomen orange-red. Forewing purplish
red irrorated with darker scales ; an indistinct discoidal spot ; cilia orange.
Hindwing orange-red.

S. Nigeria, Warri (Roth.), type in coll. Rothschild. Exp. (J 28, $ 36 mill.

(2) t Acracona metachryseis n. sp.

$. Head, thorax, abdomen and forewing rufous with a greyish tinge, the
last slightly irrorated with fuscous and with a fuscous discoidal spot ; cilia orange.
Hindwing golden orange. Underside orange except costal area of both wings.

Sierra Leone (Clements), 1 ? type. Exp. 42 mill.

(3) * Acracona remipedalis.

Acracona remipedalis Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxvi. p. 245 (1900).
Togoland.

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 31

Gen. Metaraphia.

Type.
Metaraphia Hmpsn., Rcrm. Mem. viii. p. 49-1 (1901) ....... postluteella

Proboscis slight ; palpi of female short, porrect, typically not extending
as far as the frontal tuft which is large and truncate ; antennae short, the
basal joint long and curved. Forewing long and narrow, the costa slightly
arched, the apex typically acute, the termen evenly curved ; the cell long ;
vein 2 from middle of cell ; 3 from well before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; the
discocellulars angled ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 and 10 stalked, 7 from beyond
10, 9 absent ; 11 from ceU ; a small glandular swelling at base of costa on under-
side. Hindwing with the apex typically produced and acute ; vein 2 from
near angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars strongly angled ;
6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Both wings with the apex produced and acute ; forewing with vein
2 from middle of cell ; palpi not extending as far as the frontal tuft.

(1) Metaraphia postluteella.

t Metaraphia postluteella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 495. pi. 55. £. 2 (1901).
Borneo, Baram.

Sect. II. Both wings with the apex rounded ; forewing with vein 3 from
near angle of cell ; palpi extending about the length of head.

(2) t Metaraphia calamistis n. sp.

$. Head, thorax and abdomen ochreous tinged with rufous, especially on
dorsum of abdomen. Forewing ochreous irrorated with black-brown especially
along median nervure ; a diffused antemedial blackish mark on vein 1 and ter-
minal series of points. Hindwing ochreous, the termen brownish. Underside
with the forewing and costal area of hindwing irrorated with brown.

W. Colombia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ? type. Exf. 28 miU.

Gbn. Ethopia.

Type.
Ethopia Wlk., xxxi. 233 (1863) roseilinea

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled, of
female obliquely upturned, the second joint reaching to about middle of frons,
the third long, smoothly scaled ; maxillary palpi shght ; frons with tuft of hair ;
antennae short, almost simple ; male with large protrusible genital tuft. Fore-
wing narrow, the costa highly arched throughout in female, towards apex only
in male, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved, the inner margin some-
what excised towards tornus ; male with vein 3 from just before angle of cell ;
4 from angle with a recurrent vein running back from it to middle of subcostal
nervure ; vein 5 from middle of cell from the almost obsolete discocellulars
which are strongly angled inwards above it ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked,
7 from before 9 ; 10, 1 1 from cell ; the cell on underside clothed with silky
downturned hair ; female with veins 4, 5 from angle of cell and the discocellulars
strongly angled inwards. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell,
4 absent ; the discocellulars angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 strongly stalked
and anastomosing with 8 ; the male with fringe of long downturned hair on
upperside from beyond upper angle of cell.

32 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Ethopia roseilinea.

Eehopia roseilinea Wlk., xxxi. 233 (1863) ; Swinh., Cat. Het. Jhis. Oxon. ii. pi. vii. f. 4; Hmpsn.,

Rom. Mem. viii. p. 458. pi. 53. £. 6.
Grambomorpha aurora Voll., Tijd. v. Ent. xvi. p. 246. pi. 12. f. 2 (1873).

Philippines, Mindanao ; Salawati ; Dntch N. Guinea ; S'Entrecasteanx Is.,
Fergusson I.

Gen. Tirathaba.

Type.

TiVa<^6a Wlk., XXX. 961 (1864) mundetta

.a/wcm/to Wlk., XXXV. 1739 (1866) mundella

Harpagoneura Butl, A. M. N. H. {5). XV. p. 242 {ISS5) complexa

Coleoneura Rag., Noiiv. Gen. p. 52 (1888) ........ trichogramma

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled,
of female downcurved and extending about twice the length of head ; maxillary
palpi slight ; frons with tuft of hair ; antennae short and almost simple. Fore-
wing narrow, the apex shghtly produced, the termen evenly curved ; the cell in
male typically about two-thirds length of wing ; vein 3 from just before angle
of cell ; 4 from angle ; 5 typically from well above angle ; the discocellulars
angled inwards ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 staUsed, 7 from before 9 ;
10, 11 from cell ; the male typically with small glandular swelling at base of
costa on underside and the cell clothed with silky androconia ; female with
vein 3 typically from near angle of cell and 4, 5 strongly stalked. Hindwing
with veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell or stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars
angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 touching 8 at a point ;
the male with fringe of hair from below basal part of costa on upperside.

Sect. I. (Harpagoneura). Forewing of male with an elongate brand beyond
upper angle of cell, the subcostal neuration and terminal area distorted ; the
cell extending to about three-fourths of wing.

(1) Tirathaba acrocausta.

t Harpagoneura acrocausta Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897. p. 79 ; Hmpsn., Horn. Mem. viii. p. 466.

pi. 54. f. 9.
Mucialla fuscolimbalis Snell., Tijd. v. Ent. xliii. p. 308. pi, 17. ff. 10. II (1900).

Philippines ; Java ; Celebes, Sangir I. ; D'Entrecasteaaz Is., Fergusson I. ;
Louisiade Is., St. Aignan ; Queensland, Cedar Bay.

(2) Tirathaba trichogramma.

Heteromicta trichogramma Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886. p. 273 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 461.

pi. 51. f. 13.
Coleoneura tacanovella Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 52 (1888).

Piji. The larva eats into young coconuts.

(3) Tirathaba complexa.

t Harpagoneura complexa Butl., A. M. N. H. (5). xv. p. 242 (1885) ; Rag., Rom. Mim. viii. p. 465.
pi. 54. f. 7.
Ellice Is.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 33

(4) * Tirathaba irrufatella.

Tirathaba irrufatella Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 462. pi. 43. f. 26 (1901).
Japan.

Sect. II. Forewing of male without brand beyond upper angle of cell, the
subcostal neuration and terminal area not distorted.

A. Forewing of male with the cell extending almost to termen.

(5) t Tirathaba pseudocomplana n. n.

Harpagoneura complana Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 466. pi. 46. f. l.'J (nee Feld).

Br. BT. Guinea, Aroa R. ; D'Entrecasteaiix Is., Fergusson I. ; Solomon Is.,
Florida I. ; Qneensland, Geralton.

B. Forewing with the cell extending to about two-thirds of wing.
a. (Tirathaba). Forewing of female with veins 4, 5 strongly stalked.

(6) Tirathaba mimdella.

t Tirathaba munddla Wlk.. xxx. 961 (1864).
t Mucialla mundella Wlk., xxxv. 1739 (1866).

Borneo, Sarawak.

h. Forewing of female with veins 4, 5 from cell or shortly stalked.

a'. Forewing of male on underside with glandular swelling below base
of costa and the cell clothed with silky androconia.

(7) t Tirathaba ignivena n. sp.

?. Head and thorax brownish grey tinged with purplish red ; abdomen
orange-yellow ; pectus and legs whitish irrorated with red-brown ; ventral
surface of abdomen yellowish white. Forewing pale grey-brown, the basal and
costal areas irrorated with a few black scales ; the veins below costa with rather
diffused purplish-red streaks, the other veins and inner margin with well-defined
fiery-red streaks ; a fine black terminal line interrupted by white points ; cilia
red-brown \vith blackish marks near base. Hindwing orange-yellow. Underside
of forewing yellow with a brownish tinge.

Louisiade Is., St. Aignan, 1 $ type. Exji. .36 miU.

(8) Tirathaba ruflvena.

t Lamoria rufivenaWlk., xxx. 960 (1864) ; Hmpsn., Moths Ind. iv. p. 5 ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 460.

pi. 46. f. 7.
Lamoria ruplilinea Wlk., xxxv. 1723 (1866).
Melissoblaptes rufovenalis Snell., Tijd. i\ Ent. xxiii. p. 248 (1879) ; id., xxvii. p. 53. pi. 5. f. 10.

Ceylon ; Singapore ; Borneo, Sarawak ; Bali ; Bnm ; Celebes ; Gilolo ;
Batchian ; Dutch IT. Guinea ; Louisiade Is., 8t. Aignan I. ; Queensland.

(9) t Tirathaba maculifera n. sp.

(J. Head and thorax white mixed with ferruginous ; abdomen orange-
yellow, the anal tuft white at tip. Forewing white, the costal area and sub-
median fold tinged with ferruginous ; the wing mottled with ferruginous spots
especially along submedian fold and an ill-defined subterminal band ; a short

3

34 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 191".

streak in base of cell and spots at unddle of cell and upper angle ; a terminal
series of points. Hindwing and underside orange-j-ellow.

$. Forewing entirely suffused with ferruginous, the veins streaked with
ferruginous, the subterminal band just traceable, the spots absent.

Sntch N. Goiitea, Ron J. (Doherty), l (J ; B'Entrecasteaux Is., Goodenough I.
(Meek), 1 o". Woodlark I. (Meek), 1 <J type, ? in coll. Kothscliild ; Lonisiade Is.,
St. Aignan I. (Meek), 1 3- Exp. 24-30 mill.

(10) tTirathaba Juscistriata n. sp.

?. Head and thorax ochreous grey tinged with purplish red-brown ; abdo-
men dull ochreous. Forewing ochreous grey tinged with purplish red-brown,
the veins of costal half streaked with blackish ; traces of postmedial and sub-
terminal series of slight brownish spots ; the apical part of costa and termen
with series of dark striae ; cilia pale purplish red, the tips dark towards apex.
Hind\ving dull ochreous, the costal area tinged with brown, the cilia pale purplish
red. Underside dull ochreous ; forewing with the disk suffused with fuscrus,
the costal and terminal areas tinged with purple ; hindwing with the ccstal
area suffused with fuscous.

Dutch N. Guinea, Dorey (Doherty), 1 § type. Exp. 30 mill.

(11) *Tirathaba purpurella n. sp.

9 Head and thorax pale ochreous tinged with jnirplish ; palpi fuscous at
tips ; metathorax edged with fuscous ; abdomen ochreous, the anal tuft and
ventral surface tinged with purple. Forewing purple suffused with fuscous,
the veins streaked with fuscous ; a rufous discoidal spot. Hindwing greyish
fuscous, somewhat ochreous towards base ; cilia purple on apical half.

Louisiade Is., St. Aignan I. (Meek), type $ in coll. Rothschild. Exp. 38 mill.

(12) Tirathaba grandinotella.

t Tirathaba grandinotella Hmpsn., J. Bomb. N. H. Sac. xii. p. 96 (1898) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 462,
pi. 4.'-). f. 17.

Assam, Kha-iis ; Amboina.

(13) Tirathaba semifoedalis.

Jiotys semijocdalis Wlk., xxxiv. 1439 (1865) ; Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 462. pi. 54. £. 4,
Bhutan ; Celehes, Sula I.

(14) Tirathaba parasitica.

Melissoblaptes parasiticus Lucas, Pr. R. Sue. Queeiisl. xiii. ]). 85 (1898).
Ilarpajotieura hepialivora Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 464. jil. 53. f. 19 (1901).

Queensland.

(15) Tirathaba haematella.

t Tirathaba haematella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 463. pi. 54. f. 21 (19Ul).
Aru Is.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 35

6'. Forewiiig of male without secondary sexual characters.
(16) Tirathaba unicolorella.

t ilucialla unicolorella Hmpan., Moths Ind. iv. p. 5 (1896) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 463. pi. 54. f. 6.
Bhutan ; Assam, Khasis.

(17) t Tirathaba nitidalis n. sp.

?. Head, thorax and abdomen white, the anal tuft brownish. Forewing
silvery white, the costal edge black towards base ; a diffused purplish-fuscous
subterminal line, slightly excurved at middle, the area beyond it faintly tinged
with purplish fuscous. Hindwing .silvery white, the inner area slightly tinged
with brown.

Dutch IT. Guinea, Kapaur (Doherty), 1 5 type. Exp. 18 mill.

Gen. Antiptilotis.

Type.
Antiptilotis Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897. p. 80 rubicuTida

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male short, upturned ; maxillary palpi
slight ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae short, the basal joint with tuft
of hair. Forewing narrow, the costa arched at base, the apex somewhat produced,
the termen obliquely curved ; cell long ; vein 2 from middle of cell ; 3 from
near angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, S. 9, 10 stalked, 7 from
, beyond 9 ; 11 from cell ; the male with large glandular swelling at base of costa
on underside fringed with hair at extremity met by a fringe of upturned hair
from middle of median nervure. Hindwing with the apex produced and acute ;
the cell short, vein 2 from near angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; the
discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 shortly stalked, 7 not ana.stomosing with 8 ; the
male with tuft of scales on upperside below base of cell.

Antiptilotis nibicunda.

t Antiptilotis rubicunda Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897. p. 80 ; Hmpsn., Rum. Mem. viii. p. 467. pi. 54.

f. 2.
MelissoUaptes emhelidlus Snell., Tijd. v. Ent. xliii. p. 308. pi. 17. f. 9 (1900).

Java; Celebes, Sangir I.

Gen. Corcyra.

Type.
Corcyra Rag., Ent. Mo. Mag. xxii. p. 23 (1885) ....... cephalonica

Proboscis almost obsolete ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled,
of female downcurved and extending about twice the length of head ; maxillary
palpi minute ; frons with large tuft of hair above ; antennae short, the basal
joint large and with tuft of hair below. Forewing narrow, the costa arched
towards apex wl ich is rounded, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 2 from well
beyond middle of cell ; 3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent ; the discocellulars angled ;
vein 6 from just below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9; 10, 11
from cell ; the male with slight glandular swclUng at base of costa. Hindwing
with vein 2 from near angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars
retracted to near base ; veins 0, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

36 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

(1) Corcyra cephalonica.

Melissoblaples cephalonica Sttn.. Ent. Mo. Mag. ii. p. 172 (186.5) ; Rag.. Rom. Mem. viii. p. 491.

pi. 45. f. 23; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.
ilelissoblaptes neconnmellus Mann, Verh. zoot.-bot. ges. U'lVre, 1872. p. 35.

W. Indies ; Brazil ; Britain ; Germany ; Sicily ; Corcyra ; Bulgaria ;
Seychelles ; Asia Kinor, Bitlij'iiia ; Uadras ; Ceylon ; Java ; Christmas I. ;
Cocos Keeling I. ; IT. Australia.

(2) Corcyra translineella.

Corcyra translineeUa Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 492. pi. .51. f. 26 (1901).

Sudan ; Br. C. Africa ; Beuuion ; Ceylon ; Kei Is. Probably not distinct
from C. cepfialoniai.

(3) * Corcyra asthenistis.

Corcyra asthenistis Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Qiieensl. xviii. p. 155 (1904).
Queensland.

Gen. Arenipses.

Type.
Arenipses Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 501 (1901) sabella

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male short, upturned and fringed
with hair, of female downcurved and extending about three times length of
head; frons with large tuft of hair; antennae short, the basal joint rather
large. Forevving narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; the
cell in male very long and produced to a point at vein 5 ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5 given
off at equal distances and parallel ; the discocellulars very obUque ; veins
6, 7, 8, 9 stalked. 7 from beyond 9 ; 10, 11 from cell ; the cell on underside
clothed with fine silky hair and with a large glandular swelling filled with floccu-
lent hair at base of co.sta ; of female with the cell normal ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell ; 4, 5 separate, the discocellulars angled. Hindwing with the cell
open, the lower discocellular very faint and the upper absent ; veins 3 and 5
stalked, 4 absent ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Arenipses sabella.

t Arenipses .mbella Hmp3n., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 501. pi. 24. f. 1 (1901) ; Stand.. Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.
Algeria ; Arabia ; Persia.

Gex. Trachylepidia.

Type.
Trachylepidia Rag., Ann. Soc. Ertt. Fr. 1887. p. 260 ...... fructicassiella

Proboscis sUght ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly sealed, of female
downcurved and extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi slight ;
frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae of moderate length, the basal joint
with tuft of scales below. Forewing narrow, the apex rounded, the termen
evenly curved ; the cell rather short ; vein 2 from middle of cell ; 3 from well
before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from just below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked,
7 from beyond 9 ; 11 from cell ; the male with large glandular swelling at base
of costa on underside, fringed with hair at extremity met by a fringe of upturned
hair from middle of median nervure. Hindwing with vein 2 from near angle

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 37

of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; tlie discocellulars angled to near base ; 6, 7
from upper angle ; 7 anastomosing with 8.

Trachylepidia fructicassiella.

Trachylepidia frutlicassiella. Rag. Ann. Noc. Enl. Fr. 1SS7. p. 260; id., Rom. Mim. viii. p. 469.
pi. 46, f. 15.

Egypt ; Mozambique ; Transvaal ; Syria ; Punjab ; Bengal ; Ceylon.

Gex. Paraphomia.

Typo.
Paraphomia Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 501 (1901) ....... vineieella

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, upturned, of female do^^ ncurved
and extending about the length of head ; maxillary paljii slight ; Irons with
small tuft of scales ; antennae short, the basal joint long and dilated. Forewing
with the costa arched, the apex rounded ; the cell narrow and lorg ; vein 2
from about the middle of cell ; 3 from well befcre angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; the
discocellulars angled ; 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from cell ; the male with glandular
sweUing at base of costa on underside. Hindwing with vein 2 from near angle
of ceU ; 3 and 5 strongly stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars angled inwards
almost to base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing xi ith 8.

(1) * Paraphomia vineteella.

Paraphomia vineteella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 502. pi. 55. f. 1 (1901).
Tenimber Is. ; Queensland, Cedar Bay.

(2) * Paraphomia natalensis.

Paraphomia natalensis Hmpsn., Rom. Mim. viii. p. 502. pi. 55. f. 5 (1901).
Natal.

Gen. Aphomia.

Type.

Tinea Linn., Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 496 (1858). partim t ? sociella

i4pAom»a Hiibn., T'cr;. p. 369(1827) sociella

§ Mdia Curt., Brit. Enl. vi. p. 201 (1829) nee Bilb. Crust. 1820 .... sociella

MelianaCmt.. Brit. Ent. vi. InAeK (\fi2ii) sociella

Mdiisoblaptes Zell., Isis. 1839. p. 180 foedella

Bopora Wlk., xxxii. p. 620 (1865) ohlilerosa

Paralipsa But!., A. M. N. H. (5). iv. p. 454 (1879) gularis

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled,
of female downcurved and extending about three times length of head ; maxillary
palpi dilated with scales ; frons with large tuft of hair above ; antennae about
half the length of wing, the 1st joint with tuft of scales below. Forewing rather
narrow, the costa arched, the termen evenly curved ; the males typically with
the cell very large and extending almost to the termen ; veins 3, 4, 5 widely
separated and parallel ; the discocellulars almost obsolete, 6 from below upper
angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9 ; 10, 1 1 from cell ; a small glandular
swelling at base of costa on underside and the whole cell clothed with fine silky
scales ; female with the cell about two-thirds length of wing ; vein 3 from well
before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars strongly angled ; 6 from

X Cf. p. 17-

§ Curtis fixes the type as soct'eiia, and his description tind structural details on the plate of
Senia flammea are from sociella.

38 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. I!117.

upper angle. Hindwing with the termen excised below apex ; vein 2 from
close to angle of cell ; 3 and 5 strongly stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars
obsolescent and angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anas-
tomosing with 8.

Sect. I. {Aphomia). Forewing of male with the cell very broad and extending
almost to termen, veins 3, 4, 5 widely separated and parallel, the discocellulars
very indistinct, vein 6 from below upper angle ; a .small glandular swelling at
base of costa on underside and the whole cell clothed with silky scales.

(1) Aphomia sociella.

Tinea sociella Linn., Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 534 (1758) Si Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 471 ; Staud., Cat.

Lep. pal. ii. p. 1 ; Dyar, Cat. Lep. N. Am. p. 413.
Tinea colonella Linn., Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 534 (1758) $ ; Clerck, Icones. pi. 3. ff. 8. 11 ; Hiibn.,

Eur. Schmidt. Tin. ff. 22, 23 ; Dup., Up. Fr. x. pi. 282. f. 6 ; Steph., //(. Brit. Ent. Haust.

p. 296.
Tinea tribunella Sohiff., iVieii Vers. p. 319 (1770).
Aphomia sociella ab. rufinella Krul., Rev. Russ. Ent. viii. p. 274 (1909).

IT. America ; Europe ; Asia Minor ; Syria.

Sect. II. (Pamlipsu). Forewing of male with the cell shorter and narrower,
produced at extremity but not reaching to near termen, veins 3, 4, 5 well separ-
ated and parallel, 6 from below upper angle, a large glandular swelling at base
of costa on underside extending to near middle of wing and fringed with long
hair outwardly, the whole cell clothed with silky andrcconia.

(2) Aphomia gularis.

Meliasdblaptes gularis Zell., Hor. Soc. Ent. Rose. xiii. p. 74. pi. 1. f. 26 and pi. 2. f. 27 (1877).

t Paralipsa modesta Butl., .4. M. N. H. (5). iv. p. 455 (1879) S ; Rag.. Rovi. Mem. viii. p. 474.

pi. 43. f. 25.
t Melissoblaptes tenebrosus Butl.. ///. Hel. B. M. iii. p. 78. pi, 60. f. 1 (1879) ?.
Japan ; C. and W. China ; Sikkim ; Bhntan ; Madras.

(3) * Aphomia spoliatrix.

Aphomia spoliatrix Christ., Bull. Nat. Mosc. Ivi. p. 59 (1881) ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 476. pi.
46. f. 14 ; Stand., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.
E. Siberia.

(4) * Aphomia decolorella.

Paralipsa decolorella Hmpsn.. Rom. Mem. viii. p. 474. pi. 53. f. 3 (1001).
S'Entrecasteauz Is., Fergusson I.

(5) f Aphomia ochracea n. sp.

(J. Pale ochreous sUghtly tinged with brown. Forewing irrorated with a
few black scales, the costal and terminal areas slightly tinged with red ; faint
dark points at middle and end of cell ; traces of a curved postmedial line ; a
terminal series of black points. Hindwing ochreous white.

?. Head, thorax and forewing whitish tinged and irrorated with purplish
red ; abdomen and hindwing suffused with br<nvn.

Dutch TH. Guinea, Jobi 1. (Doherty) ; Louisiades Is., Woodlark I., St. Aignan
(Meek), 1 cJ, 1 ? type. E.vp. S 24, ? 26 mill.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 39

(6) *Aphomia erabella.

Paralipsa erubella Hmpan., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 475. pi. 53. f. 20 (1901).
D'Entrecasteanz Is., FergiLsson I.

(7) Aphomia terrenella.

Aphomia terrenella Zell., Isis, 1848. p. 859 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 476. pi. 56. f. 12.
t Meliisoblaptesfurellus Zell., Verh.zool.-bot.ges. W'ten, 1873. p. 212: Dyar, Cat. Lep. N. Am. p. 413.
ir.S.A., New York, Georgia.

(8) * Aphomia fulminalis.

Melissoblaptes julminalis Zell., Verk. zool.-bol. ges. Wien, 1872, p. 560. pi. 3. f. 9 ; Dyar, Cat. Lep.
N. Am. p. 413.

TT.S.A., Texas.

(9) Aphomia stenopepla.

Paralipsa stenopepla Turaer, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xviii. p. 156 (1904).
Queensland.

(10) Aphomia monochroa.

t Melissoblaptes monochroa Hmpsn., •/. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xxi. p. 1249. pi. G. f. 29 (1912).
Ceylon.

(11) Aphomia vinotincta.

t Melissoblaptes vinotincta Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xviii. p. 257. pi. E. f. 38 (1908).
Ceylon.

(12) Aphomia rosella.

t Tirathaba rosella Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 97 (1898) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 465.
pi. 54. f. 8.

Assam.

(13) t Aphomia albifiisa n. sp.

<J. Head and thorax white mixed with pale brown ; abdomen yellow brown.
Forewing pale brown with broad fascia of white suffusion below costa extending
at base to inner margin. Hindwing orange-yellow.

?. Forewing entirely suffused with pale brown and irrorated with darker
brown ; reddish streaks from base of median nervure in and below the cell ; a
dark terminal line.

Celebes, Sangir I. (Doherty), 1 <J, 1 ? type. E.vp. S 26, ? 30 mill.

Sect. III. {Melissoblaptes). Forewing of male with the cell extending to
about two-thirds of wing, not produced at extremity, vein 3 from close to angle
of cell ; 4, 5 shortly stalked ; a large glandular swelling at base of costa on
underside fringed with long hair outwardly met by some upturned hair from
median nervure, the cell not clothed with androconia.

(14) Aphomia bipunctana.

Tinea anella Zinck.. Germ. Mag. iv. p. 244 (nee Schiff.) ; Leech, Pi/r. pi. 13. f. 4.
Melissoblaptesbipunctanus Zell., Isis, 1848. p. 580 (nee Curt.) ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 480 ; Staud.,

Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.
Melissoblaptes bipunctanus var. sapozkniknvi Krul., Rev. Russ. Ent. viii. p. 274 (1909).

Europe ; E. Turkestan, Kiildja ; Japan ; IT. China ; Ceylon.

40 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

(15) Aphomia vinicolor.

Mdissoblaptes unicolor Stand.. Hor. Ent. Snc. Hoss. vii. p. 212 (1870) ; Rag., Bom. Mem. viii.
p. 482. pi. 45. f. 21 ; Stand., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.
Algeria ; Greece ; Bulgaria ; Asia Uinor, Bithynia.

(16) * Aphomia foedella.

Helissoblaptes foedella Zell., Isis, 1839. p. 180 ; Herr. Schiiff., Eur. Schm. Pijr. S. 147, 148 and iv.
p. 133 ; Rag.. Rom. Mem. viii. p. 483 ; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.

Hungary ; Bohemia.

(17) * Aphomia isodesma.

MelissoUaptes isodesma Meyr., Trans. Ent. Sac. 1886. p. 272; Rag., Rum. Mem. viii. p. 484.
pi. 51. f. 14.

Fiji.

(18) Aphomia sordidella.

Gyrtona sordidella Wlk., xxxv. 1723 (1866) ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 484. pi. 44. f. 23.
W. Australia ; IT. S. Wales.

(19) t Aphomia melanomochla n. sp.

$. Head, thorax and abdomen grej-wliite mixed witli brown ; antennae
ringed fuscous and white. Forewing grey-white suffused in parts and irrorated
with brown ; a fine black streak in submedian fokl to the postmedial line ;.
a dark mark on median nervure before the antemedial line which is rather diffused,
black-brown, oblique to submedian fold, and slightly incurved at vein 1 ; a
black bar in cell towards extremitj', and a rather lunulate discoidal bar defined
on outer side by white ; postmedial line rather diffused black-brown, defined
on outer side by white to submedian fold where there is a dark mark beyond
it, obhque and slightly sinuous to beyond lower angle of cell where it is acuteh'
angled outwards, then inwardly oblique to submedian fold and erect to inner
margin, some dark brown suffusion beyond it on costal area. Hindwing white,
the terminal area slightly tinged \^-ith red-bro-\\n ; a reddish brown terminal
line and slight line near base of cilia.

W. AustraUa, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 ? type. Exp. 28 mill.

(20) Aphomia phloeomima.

Hypolophota phloeomima Turner, Ann. Queensl. Mus. x. p. 108 (1911).
IT. Australia,

(21) * Aphomia aegidia.

MelissoUaptes aegidia Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1887. p. 252 ; Rag., Rom. Mlm. viii. p. 485. pi. 51. f. 7.
S. Australia,

(22) * Aphomia disema.

MelissoUaptes disema Lower, Tr. R. Soc. S. Auslr. xxix. ji. 103 (1905).
Victoria.

(23) Aphomia odontella.

^MelissoUaptes odontella Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 96 (1901) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii,
p. 485. pi. 54. £. 18.
Ceylon,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 41

(24) *Aphomia fuscolimbella.

MelissoUiijites fuscoHmbdla'Ra.g., Nouv. Gen. p. 20(1887) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 485. pi. 46. f. 11 ;
Dyar, Cat. Lep. N. Am. p. 413.

TX.S.A.

(25) Aphomia variegatella.

■f Meliss"blaptes variegatella Hmpsn., Rom. Mim. viii. p. 486. pi. 54. £. 19 (1901).
Borneo.

(26) Aphomia obliterosa.

Bapara obliterosa Wlk., xxxii. 603 (1865) ; Swinh., Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. ii. pi. vii. f. 2 ; Hmpsn.,
Rom. Mim. viii. p. 487. pi. 53. f. 14.

IT. Guinea ; D'Entrecasteaux Is.

(27) * Aphomia distictella n. sp.

<J. Head and thorax brown irrorated with fuscous ; abdomen fuscous.
Forewing brown irrorated with fuscous ; a black point in end of cell and anothei'
on discoceUulars. Hindwing dark fuscous-brown ; the cilia paler with a dark
line through them.

Natal (A. J. Spiller), type in coll. Rothschild. Exp. 22 mill.

(28) * Aphomia homochroa.

Melissoblaptes homochroa Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xix. p. 53 (1905).
Queensland.

Sect. IV. Forewing of male with the cell extending to about two-thirds
of wing ; not produced at extremity ; veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from
above angle ; a small glandular swelling at base of costa on underside, the cell
clothed with sUky androconia ; hindwing with tuft of long hair from below
costa near base on upperside

(29) t Aphomia cyclophora n. sp.

(J. Head, thorax and abdomen whitish tinged with pale purplish red.
Forewing pale purplish red irrorated with blackish ; a minute annulus incom-
pletely defined by black scales in middle of cell and a more complete discoidal
annulus ; traces of a diffused dark post-medial line, obhque to vein 5, then
inwardly obhque and somewhat dentate ; traces of a curved dark subterminal
line ; a terminal series of black bars. Hindwing ochreous yellow tinged with
brown except on inner area ; a slight brown terminal line ; cilia brownish to
vein 2 with a pale line at base, then yellowish. Underside ochreous white tinged
with brown, forewing with the cell clothed with golden yellow androconia ;
hindwing with the tuft of hair ochreous.

Br. IT. Guinea, MUne Bay (Meek), 1 <? type. Exp. 34 mill.

Sect. V. Forewing of male with the cell extending to about two-thirds of
wing, not produced at extremity ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from
angle ; the wings without secondary sexual charactei^.

42 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

(30) fAphomia cafiralis n. sp.

(J. Head and thorax grey tinged with purpH.sh red and with some blackish
mixed ; abdomen pale grey with a faint ochreous tinge towards base and some
fuscous brown suffusion towards extremity ; pectus, legs and ventral surface
of abdomen whitish uTorated with blackish, the tarsi banded with blackish.
Forewing grey tinged with purplish red and sparsely irroratcd ^\ith black : a
diffused whitish streak in submedian fold from before the antemedial to the
postmedial line ; a black point at base of vein 1, and subbasal point in the cell ;
antemedial line rather diffused, blackish, oblique to submedian fold, then erect ;
rather diffused black spots in cell towards extremity and on discocellulars, with
a few white scales between them ; postmedial line rather diffused blackish,
defined on outer side by some white scales, rather obliquely incurved to discal
fold, then inwardly oblique ; a punctiform blackish terminal line ; cilia with a
slight pale line near tips, Hindwing whitish suffused with reddish brown, the
cilia whiter with two dark lines through them except towards tornus. Underside
of forewing fuscous with the costal edge pale ; hindwing whitish tinged with
red-brown, the costal area suffused with fuscous.

TransvaaJ, Kranspruit (Jause), 1 o type ; Orange R. Colony, Bloemfontein
(Eckersley), 1 cJ. Exp. 26-30 mill.

Aiictormn.
Aphonia erumpens Lucas, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xiii, p, 79 (1.S98) ..... Queenslaud

JUelissoblaptes burellus Koll., Noi'. Zool. vii. p. 5Sl {\9>X>) ....... Buru

Melissoblaptes baryptera Lower, P. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1901. p. 659 . . Victoria ; S. Australia
Melissoblaptes agramma Lower, Tr. R. Soc. S. Avstr. 1903. p. 49 . Louisiades Is. ; Queensland

Melissoblaptes cissinobaphes Turner, Tr. R. Soc. Queensl. xix. p. 90 (190.'5) . . . Queensland

.4pfcomia ymea Turati, £n(. Tfec. XXV. p. 18 (1913) ....... Sardinia

Gen. Heteromicta.

T.Tpe.
Heteromicta Meyr., Trans Ent. Soc. 1886. p. 273 ....... pachytera

Hypolophota Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Qneensl. xviii. p. 155 (1903) ..... oodes

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male upturned, short, thickly scaled,
of female obliquely porrect and extending about the length of head ; maxillary
palpi minute, filiform ; frons with large tuft of hair : antennae of male almost
simple, the first joint rather long. Forewing rather short and broad, the costa
moderately arched, the apex rounded ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ;
6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked from before angle, 7 from before 9 ; 10, 11
from cell ; the male typically without secondarj^ sexual characters. Hindwing
with vein 2 from near angle of cell : 3 and 5 strongly stalked. 4 absent ; the
discocellulars angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 7 anastomosing
with 8.

Sect. I. (Hypolophota). Forewing of male on underside with costal fold
extending to beyond middle of wing and containing large masses of flccculent
hair, vein 5 well separated from 4.

( i ) Heteromicta amydrastis.

Hypolophota amydrastis Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xriii. p. 156 (1904).

Queensland. The forewing {fide Turner) sometimes has vein 7 from 8
beyond 9.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 43

(2) Heteromicta oodes.

Bypolophota oodes Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xviii. p. 155 (1904).

Queensland. The two specimens in B.M. have vein 9 of the forewing
absent.

Sect. II. (Heteromicta). Forewing of male without secondary sexual charac-
ters, vein 5 from close to 4.

(3) Heteromicta pachytera.

Aphomia pachi/tera Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1879. p. 237 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 453.
pi. 45. ff. 19. 20.

Queensland ; N. S. Wales ; Victoria ; S. Australia ; Tasmania.

(4) * Heteromicta poliostola.

Heteromicta poliostola Turuer, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xviii. p. 158 (1903).
Queensland.

(5) Heteromicta tripartitella.

Aphomia tripartitella .Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.IV. 1879. p. 236 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 454.
pi. 46. f. 9.

Queensland ; N. S. Wales.

(6) Heteromicta oohraceella.

Heteromicta ochraceella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 455. pi. 54. f. 1 (1901).
Queensland.

(7) * Heteromicta nigricostella.

Heteromicta nigricostella Hmpsn.. Rom. Mem. viii. p. 455. pi. 54. f. 3 (1901).
Queensland.

Aiictormn.

Heteromicta poeodes Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xix. p. 54 (1905) . . . Queensland

H ypolophota agastaTumer, Ann. Queensl. Mus. x. p. 109 (1911)? 4pAom«o Queensland ; N.Australia,
Heteromicta alypeta Turner, Ann. Queensl. Mus. x. p. 109 (1911) . . . Queensland

Heteromicta leptochlora Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xxiv. p. 129 (1913) . . Queensland

Gen. Agdistopis nov.

Type A. petrochroa.

Proboscis aborted, minute ; palpi obliquely porrect, the second joint with
some rough scales and extending about twice the length of head, the third moder-
ate and somewhat dilated at extremity ; maxUlary palpi ab.sent ; frons with small
tuft of hair ; antennae of male somewhat laminate and with fasciculate cilia ;
legs long, the fore tibiae slight, fringed with hair, the mid and hind tibiae smoothly
scaled, the hind tibiae curved and with the medial spurs absent ; abdomen
very long and tipuliform. Forewing very long and narrow, the apex rounded,
the termen evenly cui-ved ; the cell about tw o-thirds length of wing ; vein 3
from close to angle ; 4, 5 stalked ; the discocellulars curved ; 6 from upper
angle ; 7, 8, 10 stalked, 9 absent ; 11 from cell, some rough hair from base of
costa on underside. Hindwing with seme rough hair from base of costa, but

44 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

the retinaculum absent ; the apex produced and acute, the termen very obUque
and somewhat excised below apex ; veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent ;
the discocellulars erect ; 6 absent ; 7 from upper angle, closely approximated
to but not anastomosing -with 8.

The genus has a remarkable superficial resemblance to AgdisUs.

Agdistopis petrochroa ii. sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen ochreous white with a brownish tinge, the
last with paler segmental bands and slight dark sublateral streaks ; legs rather
browner. Forewing ochreous white with some blackish irroration especially
below and beyond the cell, the costal area paler ; a diffused oblique black fascia
intersected by a pinkish streak below basal half of cell. Hindwing whitish
tinged with fuscous brown, thinly scaled ; ciUa with a fine ochreous line at base.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei in coll. WUeman ; Ceylon, Kandy (Mackwood),
<J type ; Singapore (Ridley), 2 <J, 2 ?. Exp. 22-30 mill.

Genus Achroia.

Type.
Achroia Hiibn., Yen. p. 163 (1827) not preoce. by Acraea Hiibn., Verz. p. 92 . . grisella

Meliphora Guen, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. xiv. p. 308 (1845), not descr. .... grisdla
FoirixWlk., XXX. 1014 (1864) innotata

Proboscis sUght ; palpi of male minute, upturned, hidden under the dowii-
turned hair on frons ; of female downtiirned and extending to beyond the
frons ; maxillary palpi minute and ddated with scales ; antennae rather long,
the basal joint rather long and with tuft of scales below. Forewing eUiptical,
the costa arched, the apex rounded, the termen obhquely curved ; male with
vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars very obhque ;
6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 and 10 stalked, 7 from beyond 10, 9 absent ; II from
cell ; female with the discocellulars less obhque, vein 3 from angle of cell and
4, 5 stalked. Hindwing of male with the apex produced and acute, the termen
excised to vein 1 and obhquely truncate at tornus ; vein 2 from well before angle
of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 from upper
angle of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8 ; female with the apex less produced and
the termen less excised, the ceU shorter, vein 2 from near angle and 3 and 5
more strongly stalked.

(1) * Achroia obscurevittella.
Achroia obscurevittella Rag., Bom. Mem. viii. p. 498. pi. 43. f. 24 (1901).
Japan. Probablj' not distinct from A. grisella.

(2) Achroia grisella.

Tinea grisella Fabr., Ent. Syst. iii. 2. p. 289 (1794) ; Hmpsn., Moths hid. iv. p. 6 ; Rag., Rom. Mim.

viii. p. 497 ; Stand., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 1.
Oalleria alvearia Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 463 (1798).
Bonibyx cinereola Hiibn., Eur. Schm. Bomb. f. 91 (1802).

U.S.A. ; Jamaica ; Europe ; Sikkim ; Bengal, Calcutta ; Ceylon ; Australia.

(3) Achroia innotata.

t Vobrix innotata Wlk., xxx. 1014 (1864) ; Rag., Rom. Miiri. viii. p. 498. pi. 55. f. 8.
Ceylon; Borneo, Sarawak. Probably not distinct from A. grisella.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. 45

Auctorum.

Mdiphora myrmecophila Tumev, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. ^xiv. p. 130 {1913) . . . Queensland

Gen. Athaliptis.

Type.
Athaliptis Schaug, A. M. N. H. (8). xi. p. 252 (1913) cymonia

Palpi of female long, downcurved , slender ; antennae almost simple.
Forewing long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; vein 3
from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from just below upper angle ;
7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 from before 9 and beyond 10 ; 11 from cell. Hindwing
with veins 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; the discocellulars angled inwards to near
base ; 6, 7 stalked.

* Athaliptis cymonia.

Athaliptis cymonia Sehaus, .4. M. N. H. (8). xi. p. 252 (1913).
Costa Rica'

Gen. Epimorius.

Type.
Epimorius ZeW., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. ■s.ni. 1^. 16 (ISn). ...... suffusa

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled, of female
downcurved and extending typically about twice the length of head ; maxUlary
palpi minute ; frons vsdth tuft of hair ; antennae of male typically serrate.
Forewing with the costa arched, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely
curved ; vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 typically shortly stalked ; the
discocellulars strongly angled inwards ; 6 from just bek w upper angle ; 7, 8, 9,
10 stalked, 9 from beyond 7; 11 from cell. Hindwing typically with vein 2
from close to angle of cell ; 3, 4, 5 stalked ; the discocellulars angled inwards to
near base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Palpi of female extending about three times length of head ;
antennae of male serrate ; forewing with veins 4, 5 shortly stalked, the dis-
cocellulars strongly angled inwards ; hindwing with veins 3, 4, 5 stalked and
the discocellulars angled inwards to near base.

(1) Epimorius suffusa.

Epimorius suffusus Zell., Hor. Ent. Sac. Ross. xiii. p. 76. pi. ii. i. 28 (1877) ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii.
p. 430. pi. 46. f. 3.
Costa Rica ; S. Brazil.

(2) * Epimorius testaceella.

Epimorius testaceellus Rag., N. Am. Phyc. p. 20 (1887) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 430. pi. 45. f. 22.
Jamaica.

(3) f Epimorius epipaschiella n. sp.

(J. Head and thorax pale rufous tinged with grey and irrorated with

blackish, the palpi with more black ; abdomen white faintly tinged with brown ;

tarsi blackish with pale rings. Forewing grey tinged with rufous and irrorated

with blackish ; the basal area suffused and irrorated with black to just before

46 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

tlie medial line, which is black, inwardly oblique and incurved from subcostal
nervure to just below the cell ; the costal area bej'ond it whitish ; a small
rather oblique black discoidal spot ; postraedial line black, diffused on inner
side and defined on outer side by whitish, inwardly oblique, and with its outer
edge minutely dentate, a blackish shade beyond it ; the terminal area grey-
white with some black at costa and a terminal series of minute black spots.
Hindwing white, faintly tinged with brown ; a slight dark termmal line. Under-
side of forewing white tinged with fuscous ; hindwing with the costa slightly
UTorated with fuscous.

Colombia, Minca (H. H. Smith), 1 <J type. Exp. IG mill.

Sect. II. Palpi of female extending about twice the length of head ;
antennae of male ciliated ; forewing with veins 4, 5 strongly stalked, the
discocellulars less strongly angled inwards ; hindwing with vein 3 frcm near
angle of cell and the discocellulars not so strongly angled inwards.

(4) tEpimorius adustalis n. sp.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown with a slight reddish tinge. Fore-
wing grey-brown with a slight reddish tinge and some black irroraticn ; a slight
discoidal spot formed by black scales ; traces of an obliquely curved postmedial
black line ; a terminal series of black points. Hindwing and underside grey-
brown with a slight reddish tinge.

Sierra Leone (Clements), 4 cJ, 1 $type ; S. Nigeria, Lagos (Sir G. Carter), 1 ?,
Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 $; Sapele (Sampson), 1 i; Warri (Roth.), 1 $. Exp.
<J 18-22, ? 26-30 mill.

Gen. Cathayia.

Type.
Ca(Ao^ia Hmpsn., 7?om. J/em. viii. p. 451 (1901) ....... obliquella

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, upturned, thicklj' scaled, of female
downcurved and extending about the length of head ; maxOlary palpi minute ;
frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male rather short, the basal joint
somewhat dilated. Forewing triangular, the costa arched, the apex somewhat
produced and rounded, the termen oblique ; the cell about two-thirds length
of wing ; vein 3 from well before angle ; 4, 5 separate in male, in female stalked
or from a point ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 stalked from 10, 9 absent or frcm
beyond 7, arising before the angle of cell ; 1 1 from cell ; the male on underside
with a small glandular swelling at base of costa with a large tuft of black hair
from below its extremity, the base of median nervure and cell clothed with rough
androconia. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; the dis-
cocellulars angled inwards to near base ; veins 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing
with 8.

(1) Cathayia obliquella.

Cathayia ohliqudla, Hmpsn. Rom. Mem. viii. p. 452. pi. 51. f. G (1901).
Japan ; C. China.

(2) Cathayia purpureotincta n. sp.
?. Head and thorax rufous with a few blackish scales; abdomen paler
rufous ; palpi with a slight purplish tinge ; pectus, legs and ventral surface of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 47

abdomen rufous, the last with some blackish irroration. Fore\\ing bright rufous
irrorated with black and slightly tinged with purple, the veins with slight pale
streaks ; an obscure mark formed by an aggregation of black scales in upper
angle of cell and an oblique bar formed by black scales at middle of submedian
interspace ; traces of an oblique postmedial line formed by black scales from
vein 5 to inner margin ; cilia with a fine pale line at base. Hindwing ochreous
tinged and irrorated with brown, the cilia with a faint purplish line through
them from apex to vein 2. Underside reddish ochreous irrorated with dark
brown ; forewing tinged with purplish red, the disk suffused with brown, a faint
curved blackish postmedial line.

Hab. Borneo, Kuching, 1 ? type. Exp. 32 mill.

Gen. Picrogama.

Type.

Picrogama lleyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897. p. 91 ....... cotnplana

Proboscis rather short ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled ;
of female downcurved and extending about twice the length of head ; maxillary
palpi slight ; frcns with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost simple,
the basal joint somewhat dilated. Forewing narrow, the apex rectangular, the
termen evenly curved ; the male with the lower part of cell produced, vein 3
from well before angle, 5 from above angle ; the discocellulars angkd inward.s
above and with a recurrent vein from their angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, &
stalked from before the angle, 7 typically from beyond 9 ; 10, 1 1 from cell ; a small
glandular swelling at base of costa on underride and the cell clothed with
androconia ; the female with veins 4, 5 from angle of cell, Ihe discocellulars
incurved. Hindwing with vein 3 from just before angle of cell ; 4, 5 strongly
stalked, the discocellulars angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 from upper angle,
7 anastomosing with S.

Sect. I. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 beyond 9.
( 1 ) Picrogama complana.

ApJiomia complana Feld., Seis. Xov. pi. 137. i. 6 (1874).

Picrogama anticosma Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897. p. 92 ; Hmpsn., Bom. Mini. viii. p. 445. pi. 53.
ft. 10. 11.

Celebes, Sangir I.; Amboina ; Dutch N. Guinea; D'Entrecasteanz Is.,
Goodenough I., Fergusson I. ; Louisiade Is., St. Aignan I.

Sect. II. Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.

(2) t Picrogama albiJascialis n. sp.
o. Head and thorax whitish tinged with red-brown ; abdomen deep golden
yellow. Forewing whitish tinged with brown and irrorated with dark brown,
a purplish red tinge in lower part of cell and below vein 6 to termen ; the veins
of costal area v/ith chocolate-brown streaks and two slight purple-brown streaks
in the cell ; a white fascia from base through the upper part of cell to apex
broken up by the dark streaks on the veins ; small elongate elliptical purple-
brown spots in upper part of cell ; an aggregate of dark scales at origin of vein
2 ; an obliquely curved postmedial shade formed by aggregations of dark scales

48 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 11)17.

in the interspaces from below the white fascia to above inner margin ; a terminal
series of sUght black lunules. Hind wing deep golden yellow ; the cilia with a
brown line at middle and white tips. Underside deep golden yellow, the terminal
area of forewing and apex of hindwing greyish tinged with purple-red.
Br. If. Guinea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 <J type. Exp. 46 mill.

(3) Picrogama nigrisparsalis.

t Lamoria nigrisparialie Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hisl. Soc. xiv. p. 658 (1903).
Ceylon.

Gen. Prosthenia.

Type.
Prosthenia Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. via. 11. iSO (IW)1) ..... psittacolella

Proboscis small ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled, of female
with the second joint obliquely upturned to about vertex of head and bent
forward at extremity, the third porrect ; maxillary palpi shght ; frons with large
tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost simple, the basal joint with tuft of scales
below. Forewing very narrow, the apex rounded, the termen very short ; the
male with veins 2, 3, 4, 5 given off at even distances, the cell being strongly
produced to a point at vein 5 ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. 7 from beyond
9 ; 10, 11 from cell ; a large costal fold on basal third of costa on underside
T\ith thick fringe of hair below and the cell clothed with andrcconia ; the female
wth vein 3 from well before angle of cell, veins 4, 5 from angle, the discocellulars
angled. Hindwing with vein 3 shortly stalked with 4, .5 ; the discocellulars
angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

(1) Prosthenia psittacolella.

t Prosthenia psittacolella Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 450. pi. 54. f. 11 (1901).
Hornigia sauberi Semp., Reis. Phil. Schmett. ii. p. 644. pi. 66. f. 1 (1902).

Singapore ; Borneo ; Philippines.

(2) t Prosthenia xyloryctella, n. sp.

?. Head, thorax and abdomen whitish tinged with brown ; antennae
brown ringed with white ; tarsi dark brown ringed with white. Forewing
whitish tinged with purplish brown and irrorated with dark brown ; antemedial
line dark brown defined on inner side by whitish, oblique, sinuous ; two black-
brown points in the cell towards extremity ; an oblique purple-brown discoidal
lunule defined except on outer side by deep chocolate-brown and with a small
chocolate-brown spot at its lower extremity ; postmedial line dark brown,
curved, dentate, defined on outer side by whitish with a diffused dentate brown
shade beyond it except on costal area ; the costa towards apex with white
points with short black streaks between them and the costal area whitish ; a
terminal series of black striae, forming a rather triangular spot below apex ;
cilia whitish with sUght brown line near base and stronger hue near tips. Hind-
wing whitish tinged with brown ; a dark terminal line and faint line near base
of ciha from apex to submedian fold. Underside whitish tinged with brown ;
forewing with the markings less distinct ; hindwing with curved brown post-
medial line from costa to vein 2.

Queensland, Toowong (Dodd), 1 ? type. Exp. 40 mill.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 49

The specimen is labelled " found in xylo-stick, supposed to be parasitic
on the pupae of Xi/loryctidae." This and the other species of the genus are
probably not parasitic but feed on the faeces and rubbish in the one case in
the nest of the parrots, in the other in the borings of the Xyloryctidae.

Gen. Acara.

Type.

Acara Wlk., xxvii. 198 (1863) morosella

Ertzica Wlk., xxxv. 1768 (1866) morosella

Proboscis short ; palpi of male short, upturned, fringed in front with long
hair, of female obliquely downcurved, extending about twice the length of head
and fringed below with long hair ; maxillary palpi minute ; frons with large
tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost simple, the basal joint with a tuft of scales
below. Forewing with the costa slightly arched, the apex produced and acute,
the termen evenly curved ; the male with the cell about two-thirds length of
wing ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5 given off at even distances ; the discocellulars angled
inwards above ; vein 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked from angle, 7 from
beyond 9 ; 10, 11 from cell ; a large glandular fold on basal half of costa on
underside, fringed with hair at extremity ; female with the cell shorter, vein
3 from near angle of cell, 5 from just above angle, the discocellulars angled
inwards at middle. Hindwing with the apex produced and acute, the termen
excised below apex ; vein 3 from just before angle of cell ; 4, 5 shortly stalked ;
the discocellulars angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 not anastomosing
with 8.

Acara morosella.

t Acara morosella Wlk., xxvii. 199 (1863) ; Hmpsn., Moths Ind. iv. p. 8; Rag., Mom. Mem. viii.

p. 446. pi. 46. f. 10.
t Ertzica maximella Wlk., xxxv. 1768 (1866).

Galleria macroptera Snell., Tijd. v. Enl. xxiii. p. 249 (1879) ; id., idem, xxvii. p. 53. pi. v. i. 11.
Acara impunctdla Sauber, Semp. lit:cs. Phil. Schmett. ii. p. 645. pi. 66. f. 2 (1902).
Assam ; Ceylon ; FhiUppines ; Java ; Celebes.

Auctorum.
Acara psolopasta Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xxiv. p. 131 (1913) 1 Eucallionyma. Queensland

Gen. Schistotbeca.

Type.
Schistotheca Rag., Bull. Soc. Era. Fr. (6). ii. p. clxxv. (1882) . . . . canescens

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled, of female
downcurved and extending about three times length of head ; frons smooth,
with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost simple. Forewing with the
costa arched, the apex rectangular, the termen evenly curved ; the male with
vein 3 from long before angle of cell ; 5 from just above angle ; the discocellulars
highly angled inwards ; vein 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from
before 9 ; 10, 11 from cell ; a large fold on basal half of costa on underside
containing masses of flocculent hair ; the female with veins 4, 5 from a point.
Hindwing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; the discocellulars
angled inwards to near base ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 not anastomosing with 8.

4

50 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

(1) Schistotheca canescens.

t Schistotheca canescens Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (0). ii. p. clxn-. (1882) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 429.
pi. 45. f. 15.
Chili.

(2) Schistotheca gigantella.

Crambtts gigantella Druce, A. M. N. H. (8). viii. p. 720 (1911).
Peru.

Gen. Lamoria.

Type.

iomorw Wlk.. xxTii. 87 (18G3) adaptella

Maraclea Wlk., xxvii. 88 (1863) inostentalis

Tugela Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 51 (1888) clathrella

Proboscis minute ; palpi of male sliort, upturned, tliickly scaled, of female
porrect, extending about twice the length of head and fringed with hair below ;
maxillary palpi minute ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost
simple, the basal joint rather dilated. Forewing narrow, the costa arched,
the apex rounded ; vein 3 from close to angle of cell : 4. 5 staUced, from a point,
or separate ; the discocellulars curved ; 6 from just below upper angle, from
angle, or shortly stalked with 7, 8, 9, 7 from before 9 ; 10,11 from cell ; the
male with glandular sweUing at base of costa on underside. Hindwing with
vein 2 from near angle of cell ; 3, 4, 5 stalked ; the discocellulars angled inwards
to near base ; 6, 7 stalked. 7 anastomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Forewing with veins 4, 5 separate.

A. Hindwing of male on upperside clothed with golden brown androconia
except on terminal area and on underside along the median nervure and veins
4 to 2.

(1) Lamoria pachylepidella.

Lamoria ■par.liylepidella Hmp.sn., Bom. Mhn. viii. p. 441. pi. 53. f. 3 (1901).
Queensland.

B. (Blaraclea). Hindwing of male normal.

(i) Lamoria oenachroa.

Lamoria oenachroa Turner, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. xix. p. 55 (1905).
Queensland ; W. Australia.

(3) Lamoria inostentalis.

t Maraclea inostentali.'i Wlk.. xxvii. 88 (1803); Hmpan.. Rom. Mhn. viii. p. 436. pi. 53. f. 2.

Japan ; Formosa ; C. and W. China ; Borneo ; D'Entrecasteaux Is., Fergus-
son I. The hindwing often has vein 4 absent.

(4) t Lamoria medianalis n. sp.
cJ. Head and thorax pale purphsh grey mixed with blackish ; abdomen
ochreous white, tinged with rufous at base ; legs grey tinged with brown ; ventral
surface of abdomen whitish irrorated with brown. Forewing pale purplish grey
irrorated with blackish, with a dark shade along median nei-vure and whiter sliades
in the cell and submedian interspace ; a small obscure discoidal spot tinged

NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 51

with rufous ; a faint slightly dentate brown postmedial line, oblique to vein 4,
then inwardly oblique ; a terminal series of blackish points. Hindwing ochreous
white, the terminal area tinged with brown except towards tornus. Underside
of forewing grey-brown ; hindwing whitish, the costal area tinged with brown,
niashonaland (Debbie), 1 3 type. E.rp. 34 mill.

Sect. II. (Lamoria). Forewing with veins 4, 5 from a point or stalked.

(5) Lamoria anella.

Tinea anella Scliiff., Wien Vera. p. 135 (1776) ; Dup., Lep. Fr. x. p. 261. pi. 282. f. 7 ; Herr. Schaff,

Schmett. Eur. If. p. 113. f. 1.51 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 438 ; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 2.
Tinea sodella Hiibn., Eur. Schmett. Tin. I. 24 (nee Linu).
Melia bipunctami Curt.. Brit. Ent. v. p. 201 (1830).

S. Centr. and S. Europe ; Egypt.

(6) Lamoria melanophlebia.

Lamoria melanophlebia Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 51 (1888) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 435. pi. 46. f. 6 ;
Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 2.
Bnssia, Caucasus ; Syria.

(7) Lamoria ruficostella.

Lamoria ruficostella Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 52 (1888) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 436. pi. 45. £. 11 ; Staud.,
Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 2.
S. Russia ; Japan ; C. China.

(8) * Lamoria caffrella.

Tugela caffrella Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 51 (1888) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 442. pi. 46. £. 6.
ITatal.

(9) Lamoria jordanis.

Lim.oria jordanis Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 435. pi. 46. f. 5 (1901) ; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 2.

Tunis; Egypt; Cyprus; Syria; Palestine; Persian Gulf; Punjab; Bind;
Ceylon.

(10) Lamoria imbella.

t Acrobasis imbella Wlk., xxx. 955 (1864) ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 437. pi. 45. f. 12.
Melissoblaptes obscurellus Saalm.. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1880. p. 308 ; id., Lep. Madaij, p. 511.

N. ITigeria ; Br. E. Africa ; Br. C. Afirica ; Mashonaland ; Transvaal ; Katal ;
C. Colony ; Madagascar.

(11) Lamoria clathrella.

Tvgela clathrella Rag.. Nouv. Gen. p. 51 (1888) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 442. pi. 46. ii 1.
Uadagascar.

(12) Lamoria adaptella.

Pempelia adaptella Wlk., xxvii. 74 (18.33) ; Rag.. Rom.. Mem. viii. p. 434. pi. 35. f, 21.

Limoria planalis Wlk., xxvii. 88 (1853).

Crambus joedellus Wlk., xxxv. 1757 (1866).

Lamoria jusconervella Rag., Nouv. Gen. p. 51 (1888) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 437. pi. 45. f. 13.

Melissoblaptes bipunctanus Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 375 (nee Haw).

Lamoria anella Hmpsn.. Moths Ind. iv. p. 7 (nee Schiff).

Formosa ; Madras ; Ceylon ; Singapore ; Sumatra ; Java ; Plores.

52 NoTiTATES Zoolog:cae XXIV. 1917.

(13) Lamoria infumatella.

t Lamoria injumateUa Hmp.sn., >/. Bomb. yat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 98 (1898) ; id., Eom. Mem. viii. p. 440.
pi. 53. £. 5.
Sikhim ; Ceylon.

(14) Lamoria virescens.

■f Lamoria virescens Hmpsn., J. Bomh. Xat. Hist. Soc. sii. p. 97 (1898) ; id., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 440.
pi. 537. f. 1.
Sikhim ; Ceylon ; Queensland,

Gen. Acyperas.

Type.
Acyperas Hmpsn., jRom. Mem. viii. p. 427 (1901) ...... aurantiacella

Proboscis minute ; palpi in both sexes downcurved, extending about twice
the length of head and moderately fringed with hair below ; maxillary palpi
fihform ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male short, almost simple,
the basal joint dilated, hollowed out on outer side and with tuft of hair in front.
Forewing with the costa arched to beyond middle, then oblique to apex which
is produced and acute, the termen evenly curved ; vein 3 from long before
angle of cell ; 4, 5 separate in male, from a point in female ; the discocellulars
curved ; vein 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9 ; 10, 11
from cell ; the male with large glandular .swelling at base of costa on under-
.side, fringed with oblique hair met by a tuft of hair from median nervure. Hind-
wing with the cell short ; vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 strongly stalked ;
the discocellulars acutely angled ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing slightly with 8.

Acyperas aurantiacella.

Acyperas aurantiacella Kmpan., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 427. pi. 53. f. 15 (1901).
IT. Guinea ; B'Entrecasteaux Is.

Gen. Omphalophora.

Type.
OmpJialophora Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 427 (1901) rvhreUa

Proboscis minute ; palpi in both sexes downcurved, extending about
the length of head and clothed with long hair below ; maxillary palpi dilated
with scales ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae short, almost simple, the
basal joint dilated, hollowed out on outer side and with tuft of hair in front.
Forewing with the costa arched, the apex produced and acute ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars slightly curved ; vein 6 from
upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked in male, 7 from before 9, in female vein 10 from
the cell ; 1 1 from cell ; the male with large glandular swelling at base of costa
on underside fringed ^\iih oblique hair met by a tuft of long hair from median
nervure. Hindwing with the cell short ; vein 3 from angle ; 4, 5 shortly stalked ;
the discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing slightly with 8.

* Omphalophora rubrella.

Omphalophora rubrella Hmpsn., Rom. Mim. viii. p. 428. pi. 53. f. 13 (1901).
Acara dohrni Hering, SleU. ent. Zcit. Ixiv. p. 87. pi. 1. f. 34 (1903).
Sumatra ; Java.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 53

Gen. Galleria.

Type.

Galleria Fnhr., Ent. Syst. Snppl. p. iG2(nQS) • . . mellondla

Ceriodepia Sodof., Bull. Nat. Mosc. x. 6. p. 20 (1837). ...... mellonella

I'indanm Wlk., x.xxv. 170G (1866) mdloneUa

Proboscis slight ; palpi of male short, obliquely upturned, thickly scaled,
of female downcurved and extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi
dilated with scales ; frons with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male almost
simple, the basal joint somewhat dilated and with a tuft of scales below. Fore-
wing with the costa slightly arched, the apex rounded, the termen excised to
vein 2, strongly in male, the tornus obliquely excised ; the male with the cell
about three-fourths length of wing ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5 given off at even distances ;
the discocellulars slightly angled inwards ; vein 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8. 9
stalked from before angle, 7 from beyond 9; 10, 11 from cell ; a small glandular
swelling at base of costa on underside and the cell clothed with androconia ;
the female with the cell about two-thirds length of wing and veins 4, 5 from
angle. Hindwing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; the
discocellulars angled inwards to about one-fourth from base ; 6, 7 stalked, 7
anastomosing with 8.

Galleria mellonella.

Tinea mellonella Linn., Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 537 (1758) ; Curt., Brit. Ent. xlii. p. 587 ; Hmpsn.,

Moths Ind. iv. p. 9 ; Rag., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 448 ; Stand., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 2.
Tinea cereana Linn., Syst. Nat. edit. xii. p. 874 (1767).
Tinea cerella Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 655 (1775).
Galleria cerea Haw., Lep. Brit. p. 392 (1811).
Vindana obliquella Wlk., xxxv. 1706 (1866).
Galleria auatrina Feld., Eei.^. Nor. pi. 137. f. 7 (1874).

Almost universally distributed.

Gen. Galleiisthenia nov.
Type, G. mellonididla.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of male porrect, extending about twice
the length of head and thickly scaled above and below ; maxillary palpi trian-
gularly scaled ; frons oblique ; antennae short, simple. Forewing with veins
3 and 5 from close to angle of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 from angle ;
8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from cell ; the wing narrow, the termen erect from apex to
vein 3 where it is strongly hooked then very oblique. Hindwing with vein
3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle which is greatly produced ; 6, 7 from
upper angle ; 8 approximated to 7 beyond the cell ; the termen slightly
excurved at middle.

* Galleristhenia mellonidiella n. sp.

(?. Head and thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen brownish white. Forewing
pale red-brown suffused with grey and irrorated with a few dark scales ; a post-
medial line obsolescent towards costa, angled at vein 5, then very oblique and
formed of dark red-brown spots ; cilia dark red-brown, whitish at tips below
the hook. Hindwing semihyaline white ; the costal area, termen, and base of
cilia brown.

Queensland, Dawson district (Barnard), 1 ^ type in coll. Rothschild. Exp.
46 mill.

54 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917,

Gen. Paraphycita.

Type.
Paraphycita Hmpsn., Bom. Mem. viii. p. 451 (1901) ...... efiperccidla

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi of female upturned, the second joint
reaching to vertex of head and rather broadlj' scaled in front, the third long,
roughly scaled in front ; niaxUlary palpi long and filiform ; frons smorth, the
vertex of head with tufts of scales ; antennae of female almost simple, the basal
joint rather long. Forewing long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen
erect ; the cell about two-thirds length of i^ing ; vein 3 from angle ; 4, 5 stalked ;
6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 from beyond 9 ; 11 from cell. Hindwing
with vein 2 from close to angle of cell ; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked ; the discccellulars
curved ; veins 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Paraphycita epipercciella.

Paraphycita epiperchidla Hmpsn., Bom. Mem. viii. p. 451. pi. 53. f. 9 (1901).
Timor, Dili I., Oinainissa I.

Gex. Megarthria.

Type.
Megarthria Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soi-. xii. p. 304 (1899) velutinella

Proboscis short ; palpi with the second joint porrect, extending about twice
the length of head and moderately fringed with hair above and below, the third
short, oblique, roughly scaled ; maxillary palpi filiform ; frons smooth with
slight ridge of hair above ; antennae of male ciliated, the basal joint very long
and curved. Fore^ving with the costa slightly arched, the apex rounded, the
termen evenly curved ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ; the discccellulars
curved ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from before 9; 10, 11 from
cell ; the male with glandular swelling at base of costa on underside fringed
with hair met by an oblique fringe from median nei-vure. Hindwing with the
cell rather short ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars angled ; veins
6, 7 shortly stalked, 7 slightly anastomosing with 8.

Megarthria velutinella.

Embryoglossa variegata Warr., A. M. 2\. H. (G). xviii. p. 226 (1S9G) q, nee ?.
Megarthria velutinella Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. p. 304 (1899) ; id., Rotn. Mem. vii,
p. 426. pi. 53. f. 12.
Sikhim ; Assam.

Gen. Embryoglossa.

Type.
Embryoglossa'Wa.TT., A. M.N. H. (6). xviii. p. 225 (ISQG) variegata

Proboscis small ; palpi porrect, the second joint extending about twice the
length of head and fringed with hair above and below, the third rather long and
smoothly scaled ; maxillary palpi filiform ; frons smooth, with ridge of hair
above ; antennae of male minutely serrate and with long fasciculate cilia, the
basal joint with large tuft of hair in front, of female with shorter cilia ; the back
of head with tufts of hair. Forewing with the costa slightly arched, the apex
rounded, the termen evenly curved ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ; the
discocellulars curved ; 6 from upper angle ; 7. 8, 9 .stalked ; 10, 11 from cell,
Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulaiR
curved ; G, 7 shortly stalked. 7 not anastomosing with 8.

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 55

(1) Embryoglossa variegata.

Embryoglossa variegata Wan., ^4. M. X. H. (6). xviii. p. 226 (1896) ; Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii.
p. 424. pi. 53. f. 8.
Assam.

(2) Embryoglossa bipuncta.

Embryoglossa bipuncta Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv. p. 658 (1901).

Assam. '

Gex. Sphinctocera.

Type.
tSphinctocera Wa,n:, Nov. Zool. iv. p. 128(1897). ...... crassisquama

Proboscis rather short ; palpi downcurved, extending about three times
length of head and fringed with hair below ; maxillary palpi filiform ; frons
with large tuft of hair ; antennae of male laminate with a small tooth above
at one-fifth length, the basal joint long. Forewing with the costa slightly excised
beyond middle, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; the discocellulars curved ; 6 from upper angle
or stalked with 7, 8, 9 ; 7 from before 9 ; 10, 11 from cell. Hindwing with vein
3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle or shortly stalked ; the discocellulars
curved ; veins 6, 7 shortly stalked, 7 slightly anastomosing with 8 or free.

Sphinctocera crassisquama.

Sphinctocera crassisquama Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. p. 128 (1897) ; Hmpsn., Rom. Mem. viii. p. 425.
pi. 53. t 16.
Transvaal ; Natal ; Cape Colony.

Gen. Archigalleria.

Type.
Archigalleria Eebel, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, lii. p. 570 (1902) .... proavitella

Proboscis rather short ; palpi of male short, upturned, thickly scaled, of
female downcurved, extending about three times length of head and smoothly
scaled ; maxillary palpi dilated with scales ; frons with conical prominence
produced to a slight corneous point at extremity ; antennae of male almost
simple, the basal joint somewhat dilated. Forewing with the costa moderately
arched, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; the cell in both sexes
about two-thirds length of wing ; vein 3 from well before angle ; 4, 5 from
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8 stalked, 9 absent ; 10, 11 from cell, 10 approxi-
mated to 7, 8 at base ; the male with slight glandular swelling at base of costa
on underside. Hindwing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 closely
approximated for about half their length ; the discocellulars moderately angled
inwards ; 6, 7 shortly stalked, 7 not anastomosing with 8.

Archigalleria proavitella.

Aphomia proavitella Rebel, Ann. Hojmus. iricn, vil. p. 262 (1892) ; Staud., Cat. Lep. pal. ii. p. 2.
Canary Is.

5g NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Morpheis.

Type.

Morpheis Hiibn., Vers. p. 196 (1S27). preocc. Bot. nee Zool smeritUha

Mydobia Herr. Schiiff, Ansser. eur. Schmell. pp. 79. 75 (1858) smerintha

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi in both sexes obliquely upturned, extending
to the extremity of the frontal prominence and thickly .scaled ; maxillary palpi
two-jointed, as long as the labial palpi and thickly scaled ; frons with large
conical prominence ending in a small corneous beak ; antennae of male typically
bipectinate with .short branches to one-third length, then mmutely serrate, of
female with very short branches on basal third ; tibiae rather strongly frmged
with hair. Forewing long and narrow, the costa highly archfd towards apex
which is produced and somewhat falcate, the termen obliquely curved, the inner
margin rather lobed towards base ; vem 3 from well before angle of cell ; 5
from just above angle ; the discocellulars angled ; 6 from below upper angle ;
7 from angle ; 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from cell ; veins 9 to 12 becoming coincident
below the costa ; the cell on underside clothed with rough downturned hair.
Hindwing with the termen excised above tornus ; vein 3 from near angle of
cell ; 4, 5 shortly stalked or from angle ; the discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 from
upper angle, 7 free or slightly anastomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Antennae in both sexes bipectinate with short branches towards
base.

(1) * Morpheis piistulata.

Morpheis pustulata Herr. Schaff, Ausser. eur. Schmell. p. 75. f. 152 (1858). J ; Hmpan., Rom. Mem.

viii. p. 423.
Morpheis murina Herr. Schaff, Ausser. eur. Schmett. p. 75. f. 153 (1858), $.

Brazil.

(2) Morpheis smerintha.

Morpheis smerintha Hiibn., Samml. exot. Schmett. ii. pi. 195. ff. 3. 4 (1821) ; Hmpsn., Bom. Mem.
vUi. p. 423. pi. 54. t. 16.

Mexico, Yucatan ; Brazil (some specimens taken at sea 130 to 500 miles
from land), Rio Grand do Sul.

(3) '" Morpheis paleacea.

Morpheis paleacea Herr. Schaff, Ausser. eur. Schmett. p. 75. f. 150 (1858) ; Hmpsn., Bom. Mim.
yui. p. 423.
Venezuela ; Brazil.

Sect. II. Antennae of male minutely serrate and fasciculate to base, of
female ciliated.

(4) Morpheis decolorata.

Morpheis decolorata Herr. Schaff, Ausser. eur. SchmeU. p. 75. f. 151 (1858) ; Hmpsn., Bom. Mim.
viii. p. 424. pi. 54. f. 5.
Colombia; Veneznela; Brazil.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 57

Gen. Schoenobiodes nov.

Type, S. striata.

Proboscis aborted and small ; palpi oblique, rather roughly scaled and
reaching to about vertex of head ; maxillary palpi nearly filiform ; frons with
rounded prominence ; antennae of female almost simple, with tuft of scales
on basal joint ; anal tuft rather large. Forewing narrow, the costa arched, the
apex produced and acute, the termen obliquely curved ; the cell about two-
thirds length of wing ; vein 3 from well before angle ; 4. 5 from angle ; the dis-
cocellulars angkd ; 6, 7 strongly stalked from below upper angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked ;
11 from cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;
the discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 from upper angle. 7 strongly anastomosing with 8.

Schoenobiodes striata.

Acara striata Sc\m\iz, Phil. Journ. Sci. ii. p. 308. pi. 1. f. 11 (1907).
Philippines, Manila.

Gen. Balaenifrons.

Type.
Balaenifrons Hmpsn., Moths Ind. iv. p. 9 (1896) ...... homopteridia

Proboscis short arising with the filiform two-jointed maxillary palpi from
the enormous conical smoothly scaled frontal prominence, which is grooved
below, well in front of the labial palpi which are upturned in front of the
prominence and smoothly scaled ; antennae of male almost simple. Forewing
with the costa arched, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; vein 3
from well before angle of cell ; 5 from just above angle ; the discocellulars
curved ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 from angle ; 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from
cell, the latter curved. Hindwing with the lower end of cell produced ; veins
3, 4, 5 well separated ; the discocellulars angled ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 connected
with 8 by an oblique bar ; the retinaculum bar-shaped in male, the frenulum of
female single.

(1) t Balaenifrons haematographa n. sp.

(J. Golden yellow ; head, thorax and abdomen with crimson mi.xed ; palpi
tinged with fuscous. Forewing with five ill-defined waved crimson lines with
black marks suffused with silvery scales on them at costa except the subterminal
line ; the antemedial and medial lines confluent in the cell, the postmedial line
incurved at discal fold and bent inwards below vein 3, the subterminal
line bent outwards to the margin and interrupted at vein 3. Hmdwing semi-
hyaline ochreous, the terminal area suffused with brown with a purplish crimson
patch on it below vein 3 with two yellow marks on it at vein 2.

?. Forewing without the black marks on the lines at costa ; hindwing with
the terminal area suffused with crimson except towards tornus,

Solomon Is., Bougainville I. (Meek), 2 3 type ; Queensland, Cedar Bay,
Cooktown (Meek), 1 ?, Geraldton (Meek), o^ ? m coll. Rothschild. Exp. cJ 22,
9 28 mill.

58 XOTITATEB ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

(2) t Balaenifrons aryrostrota n. sp.

<J. Head, thorax and abdomen golden yellow mixed with crimson-red ;
palpi yellow towards base, then red ; pectus, legs and ventral surface of abdomen
white, the fore tibiae yellow banded with red. Forewing golden yellow with
five ill-defined waved crimson-red bands suffused with silvery purple, the ante-
medial and medial bands confluent except towards costa and inner margin
and the post medial and subterminal bands confluent in places ; a red discoidal
striga. Hindwing yellow ; some crimson-red on vein 2 near base ; the apical
area suffused with brown ; partly confluent postmedial and subterminal crimson-
red bands suffused with silvery purple between discal and submedian folds.

Ceylon, Gampola (Green), 1 o, Newera Eliya (Green), 1 3 type. Exp.
16 mill.

(3) t Balaenifrons phoenicozona n. sp.

Head and thorax yellowish white mixed with rufous ; abdomen white
with dorsal rufous bands towards base and dark brown bands towards extremity ;
antennae yellow ringed with black-brown ; pectus, legs and ventral surface of
abdomen white, the fore femora blackish above, the fore and mid tibiae yellow
and red with black bands at extremities and on the tarsi. Forewing golden
yellow with deep red bands suffused with silver, their edges rather diffused ;
a subbasal band with black and silvery mark at costa ; a black and silvery
mark on costa near middle with the antemedial and medial bands arising from
it and confluent to above inner margin where they fork ; a black and silvery
mark on costa above end of cell and two red discoidal points ; the postmedial
band with black and silvery mark at costa, and partly confluent with a terminal
band ending at vein 3. Hindwing semihj'aline yellow ; a red mark on vein 2
at its middle ; the terminal area suffused with brown, a red and purplish sUver
patch on it below vein 3 with a small yellow spot on it at vein 2.

Queensland, Cedar Bay, Cooktown (Meek), 1 3 type, o, $ hi coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 16 mill.

(4) Balaenifrons homopteridia.

t BalaenifroTishomripleiklia'Hmpsn., Moths Ind. iv. p. 9(1890); id., Fom. Mem. viii. p. 421. pi. 53. f. 4.
Bengal ; Burma ; N. Borneo.

(5) t Balaenifrons ocbrochroa n. sp.

(J. Head and thorax oehreous mixed with brick-red ; abdomen ochreous
with a fulvous yellow band near base and some red suffusion toward extremity ;
pectus, legs and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white, the tibiae and tarsi
suffused with rufous. Forewing ochreous thickly irrorated with brick-red ;
an oblique diffused red antemedial line ; a discoidal spot ; a diffused post-
medial line, slightly incurved below vein 4 ; a fine dark terminal line ; cilia
ochreous white. Hindwing ochreous whitLsh suffused with brown, the cDia
ochreous white.

Singapore (Wood-Jones), 1 3 type. Exp. 28 mill.

Genera auctorum.

Hombergia unicolor de Joan, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910. p. 270, probably near .ArchigaUeria. France.

NOVITATEB ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 59

TWO NEW AMERICAN MOTHS

By K. Jordan, Ph.D.

Family ''ASTNIIDAE.

1. Eupalamides grandis spec. nov.

(J $. E. dedalo simUlimus, pallidior, alis anticis sine maculis submarginalibus
ante ramum primum radialem (costam sextam) atque infra totis squamosis.

Hab. French Guiana (type), Surinam, British Guiana and the Amazons.
In these countries two species occur, apparently side by side. The one which
I take to be dedalus Cram. (1775) = cyparissias Fabr. (1777), has one or more
submarginal spots on the forewing between the first radial (R' = vein 6) and
the costa, both above and below ; the forewing beneath in the male is strongly
hairy from near the base to two-thirds, and glossy in the centre, and in the female
is covered with narrow haii-like scales between base and oblique band. In
the second species the scaling on the underside of the forewing is normal, i.e.
there is no coat of hairs in either sex ; the apical area of the forewing and the
whole hindwing, beneath, are much paler than in E. dedalus, and there are no
submarginal spots from R' forward on the forewing. The ij-genitalia also
differ to some extent, as will be explained in another place.

Eupalamides Hiibn. (1822 ?) is a well-defined genus, both sexes being charac-
terised inter alia by the hairiness of the upperside of the hindwing and the absence
of the paronychia and pulvUli.

Family SPHINGIDAE.

2. Protoparce vestalis spec. nov.

S. A specie P. floresian dicta colore magis albescente, maculis nigris superiori-
bus abdominis multo minoribus, alis posticis macula distincta subbasali in et
sub cellula sita grisea notatis.

Long. al. ant. 58-60 mm.

Hab. Para, May and June (Rev. A. Miles Moss), two oo'.

Much purer white than P. florestan, to which it is nearest. The black side-
spots of the abdominal segments 2, 3 and 4 are narrow, tran.sverse, and do not
touch one another above, while beneath they are joined together by a broad
black stripe ; the white side-spots, therefore, are not separated from the grey
dorsal surface ; black side-spots of segments 5 to 8 quite small and inconspicuous,
being obsolescent. Underside of body and the legs and palpi as in P. florestan
but purer white. Wings, upperside : the markings of the forewing as in P.
florestan, but the black basal stripe placed in the hindmargin broader ; the
distal margin more deeply incurved before anal angle. The two black discal
streaks distinct, the submarginal line obsolescent, as is also the third discal
dentate line ; interspace between this third line and the second almost pure
white ; in type-specimen basal and discal areas with a distinct yellowish tint,
of which there is hardly a trace in the second example, the space around the
etigma between the submedian and discal lines has no yellowish or buff tint.

60 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

— On the hindwing a broad whitish grey area extends from the base to the
anal angle, being divided up by three transverse black lines and two black streaks,
the anterior streak reaching to the distal margin, the other being short ; the
proximal portion of this grey area is often vestigial in P. florestan, but never so
distinct as in P. vestalis ; in the type of P. vegtalis the grey area is slightly
washed with buff.

Underside as in P. florestan, but the hindwing lighter grey, the dark brown
marginal band, therefore, more prominent ; in the type on hindwing a double
median line and dentate discal line, the latter obsolete in the parat3'pe.

Genitalia similar to those of P. florestan, but the tenth sternite shorter and
broader, and the harpe more coarsely dentate and dorsally notched twice (only
the type examined).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 61

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO MR. CHAELES OBERTHUR'S
FAUNE DES LEPIDOPTERES BE LA BARBARIE, WITH
LISTS OF THE SPECIMENS CONTAINED IN THE TRING
MUSEUM.

By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.

MR. CHARLES OBERTHtJR has, for many years, made a special study
of the lepidoptera of N.W. Africa, and all entomologists must have been
very pleased when he started to publish a connected account of the results of
his investigations. Although he published the first part of his Etudes d'Ento-
mologie in 1876 with his initial list of Algerian lepidoptera ; it was not till JNIarch
1915 in the X' Fascicule of his Etudes de Lepidopterologie Coniparee that he
began his complete work. In that " Fascicule " he has given us a resume of
his studies on the Rhopalocera and the Grypocera of Barbary. The commence-
ment of the Heterocera is made on pages 179-428 of "Fascicule" XII, and
includes the Sphingidae, Zygaenidae, Ainatidae, Heterogynnidae, Linuicodidae,
Notodontidae, Cnetliocampinae, Liparidae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturnidae,
Drepanidae, and Megalopygidae. The classification is, for younger students,
rather perplexing, for it is neither the modern classification nor does it exactly
follow that of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Lepidoptera of Drs. Staudmger and
Rebel ; however, although not following Mr. Oberthiir's nomenclature, I have
arranged the species in the same order as he has, for easier reference, but this
does not mean that I agree with it.

Although I would not wish ui any way to hurt the feelings of Mr. Charles
Oberthiir, for he has been a kind friend to me, and his services to Entomology
are very great, I cannot help making a few general remarks. In the present
work Mr. Oberthiir, as he always has done, maintains that descriptions of
lepidoptera without good figures are useless, and he will not recognise the validity
of names founded on descriptions alone. I certainly go so far as to say that
figures are very useful and desirable ; but a good description is often more
easily understood and can be identified better than an inferior figure, and who
is to be the judge if a figure is good, bad, or indifferent ? ! If Mr. Oberthiir's rule
were to be adopted, we should have to consider thousands, nay, tens of thou-
sands of zoological names as invalid, which are in use every day and are quite
understandable to the students interested. I then must draw my readers'
attention to the presentation of the various species by Mr. Oberthiir. We find
that although in Barbary the typical form of a given species may be quite
unknown ; yet Mr. Oberthiir heads each species with the name of the typical
race and only draws attention to the various local races in the text. This is
most confusing, especially as his Etudes have no index, an extremely regrettable
circumstance. Then we find that Mr. Oberthiir apparently does not under-
stand the modern use of trinomials, for he uses them indifferently for Subspecies
( = local and geographical races), and for individual variations. JIi-. Oberthiir
even makes use of quadrinomials and quuiquinomials, which are absolutely
inadmissible under the International Rules. Accordijig to the International

62 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAK XXIV. 1917.

Rules of Nomenclature, trinomials can only be uf-ed for Subspecies and not for
individual aberrations. If such individual aberrations are named at all. the
name must be preceded by ab. ( = abbreviation for aberration), thus Vanessa
polycJiloros ab. testudo, while the North African local form of this insect is written
trinomially thus, Vanessa polychloros erythromelas Aust. Another undesirable
nomenclatorial practice of ]\Ir. Oberthiir is \^ithin one and the same gemis
applying the same name to species or subspecies and to individual aberrations
also ; as an instance Satyrvs powelli Oberth.. a very distinct species, and Satyriis
fdia. albivenosa poicelli Oberth., which is an aberration of an aberration of
Satyrus fdia.

Now I know that names applied to aberrations do not come within the
scope of the International Rules which only apply to " subspecies," " species,"
" genera," and " still higher divisions," but nevertheless it is most incon-
venient and much to be deprecated if aberrations are given names which already
belong to species in the same genus, and ^^hen Mr. Oberthiir in addition WTites
both trinomially the practice leads to utter confusion.

It is also most startling and disconcerting to find interpolated in the midst
of a Fauna of Barbary on pages 372-376 of " Fascicule XII " a series of de-
scriptions of Thibetian Drepanidae. Although I am not guiltless of similar
discrepancies (see WoUaston Expedition description and figures of some lepidop-
tera not from this expedition) myself, yet my references dealt with the same
faunal area, while Mr. Oberthiir cannot plead that Thibet is a part of Barbary,
though within the Palaearctic area.

In additijn to notes on the specimens in the British Museum, I am givmg
also, under each species, such references as I think of use from Mr. Ch. Blachier,
Miss M. E. Fountaine, Mr. J. de Joannis, and the late Mr. A. E. Gibbs. I am
adding to this a complete list of the Mauretanian specimens in the Tring Museum.

The Algerian material in the Tring Museum was principally collected by
Dr. Ernst Hartert, Dr. Karl Jordan, and myself, and our energetic taxidermist
Mr. C. Hilgert, between the years 1908 and 1914 ; and also by the professional
collectors, Victor Faroult and E. Blanc, Mr. Maxime Rotrou of Sidi bel Abbes, and
the pharmacist of Batna, Mr. A. Nelva. In addition to these, as appears in the
lists, a certain number of things were caught by the guide Cheli Brahim and
a number of other individuals. Last, but not least, I am most indebted to the
genial Danish Consul at Alger, Dr. Nissen, for much good material, but stUl
more for an amount of help and general assistance without which nothing
hardly of this collection could have been brought together.

I paid in all, between 1908 and 1914, six visits to Algeria in company with
Dr. Ernst Hartert and Dr. K. Jordan ; on all of which, except the first, some of
us were accompanied by Mr. Carl Hilgert as taxidermist and general shikaree.
In 1912 Dr. Hartert together with Hilgert made the long desert trip to In-Salah,
while Dr. Jordan and I explored variovis places north of the desert. In 1914,
after spending some time at Biskra, Dr. Hartert and HUgert went down to the
Oued N^a near Ghardaia for four weeks, while Dr. Jordan and I spent the time
in the east of Algeria.

In 1908 Dr. Hirtert and I arrived in Algiers on February 14th, and after
four days in that town, where we caught a few Zygaena algira in the " Bois de
Boulogne " and a few moths at night, we left for Biskra, arriving there on the
20th. Wii remamed at Biskra till the er.d of April, having paid short visits to

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 63

El Kantara and Batna in between. After two or three days at Constantine,
where I caught one Zygaena zuleiha among otherwise only common in.sects, we
returned to Alger and Dr. Hartert returned to Tring. Dr. Jordan and I spent
the three latter weeks of May and early part of June in Alger, Hammam R'ihra,
and Blida les Glacieres, and made some good collections. It was on this occa-
sion beyond the " Bois de Boulogne " that I first saw a living Charaxes jasius
in a wild state, though I had taken the larvae at Hyeres and bred some 20
imagines. Dr. Jordan and I chased this individual (a<J) for twenty minutes or
half an hour, but failed to catch it ; we also failed to catch a large ? near
Blida some four weeks later.

In 1909 we arrived at Alger on February 22nd ; and after making prepara-
tions for our proposed journey to El Oued, we left for El Kantara, where we
arrived on the 29th. We made various collections there and went to Biskra
on March llth. We made numerous excursions to Oumash, Zaatcha, Tolga,
etc., and collected a certain amount. On March 25th we left Biskra in com-
pany with Dr. Nissen, the Danish Consul, on our desert trip to El Oued. On
this trip very few Rhopalocera were seen, though many interesting moths,
among them Lymantria oberthiiri were added to the collection. We reached
El Oued on April 7th and arrived back at Biskra on the 22nd. The two
principal new species found on this trip were Cleoplmiui pictiirata and Euhlemma
deserti Rothsch. Our friend Dr. Nissen returned to Alger, and on April 30th
we went for five days to El Kantara ; and then spent ten days at Batna
and Lambessa, from whence we went to Hammam Meskoutine. We stayed
here till early in June.

In 1911 we reached Alger on January 21st, and spent the days from
February 1st to 18th at Hammam Meskoutine ; from February 19th to March 17th
we remained in Biskra, and from March 17th to 27th at El Kantara, and then
returned to Alger. On April 1st we left Alger with Dr. Nissen for our trip by
automobile to Gharda'ia. This journey was very fruitful in lepidoptera, and
it was on our return journey on April 28th that we took for the first time
Euchloe tagis pechi, which Dr. Nissen discovered while we were detained at
Guelt-es-Stel by an accident. On AprU 30th we returned to Alger, where we
were detained for a fortnight by my being Ul with fever. We spent May 17th to
26th at Hammam R'ihra, where we caught much of interest ; a long series of
Zygaena theryi Joan, and a specimen of Haemoirhagia fvciformis being specially
noteworthy. We left Alger on June 14th.

In 1912 Dr. Hartert and Carl Hilgert went to In-Salah. They left BLskra
February 20th, and got back to Alger on June 21st. This trip was very fertile
in new forms, Melitaea didyma harterti, Anumeta major, Anumeta sahulosa,
Odontelia griseola, Polia cinnamomeogrisea, etc., 38 species and subspecies
apparently being new to science.

In that same year Dr. Jordan and I spent March and the first half of April
at Alger and Hammam R'ihra, and then the last half of April in company with
Dr. Nissen at Guelt-es-Stel. The first half of May we spent at Khenchela, and
then returned to Alger, reaching home early in June.

In 1913 we reached Alger on AprU 2nd, and arrived at Oran on April 9th.
After exploring the neighbourhood we went to Tlemcen on the 18th and col-
lected as far round as Lalla Marnia and Terni. We returned to Oran on the 29th,
where we were joined by Dr. Nissen and started for Ain Scfi-a, and we arrived

64 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

there on May 1st and remained till the 18th. We took large numbers of moths,
many very rare, among others the true Metapoceras codeti Oberthiir, also one
solitary Teracolus rwiirm, and on the Djebel Mekter Cigaritis allardi and Zygaena
marcouna. We then went to Saida, which was not very fruitful, and on May '23rd
we went to Hammam R'ihra for a week ; where among a lot of good things
we caught two fine Sphinx pinastri.

In 1914 we arrived early in March at Alger, and proceeding to Biskra,
stayed there a month, getting some very welcome additions to the collection.
On April 8th Dr. Hartert and Carl HUgert set out for the Oued N9a, and Dr.
Jordan and I proceeded to join Dr. Nissen at Constantine, whence we went to
Souk Ahras in the extreme east of Algeria. We were considerablj' disappointed
here, for we found we had come at least three or four weeks too early. However,
we had one good haul, for we found Zygaena zuleika simply swarming in the old
Arab giaveyard above the town. In the previous five years I had only taken
four specimens of this species, viz. 1 at Constantine in 1908, 2 at Hammam R'ihra,
and 1 in 1913 in Mrs. Beresford's garden in Mustapha Superior. We went from
Souk Ahras to Tebessa after about ten days, but here there was absolutely
nothing to be found, so after three or four days we went back to Hammam
Meskoutine, where we stayed, and Dr. Hartert and HUgert rejoined us there,
and we finally reached home early in June. Dr. Hartert collected a nice series
of lepidoptera both on the Oued Nfa and on the way back, the best things
being a pair of the very rare noctuid Anydrophila sahoiirodi (Lucas), which had
hitherto been known only from the unique type from Zarcime in Tunisia. I
have only given above the bare ovitline of our journeys in Algeria ; but those
of my readers who want further details I must refer to Novitates Zoologicae,
vol. xviii. pp. 456-492 (1912), vol. xx. pp. 1-27 (1913) ; vol. xxi. pp. 180-186
(1914), and vol. xxii. pp. 61-66 (1915).

The reader will find enumerated among the specimens a series collected by
Herr Geyr von Schwcppenburg on a journey to the Hoggar Mountains. Herr
Geyr went with Herr Paul Spatz, and the journey was made from Biskra to
Ideles via Touggourt, Ouargla, Ain-Ta'iba and Timassinin ; the full list will be
foimd in the Antuils ami Magazine of Natural History (8), xvi. pp. 247, etc. (1915).
For those who have not visited Algeria, I should like to say that it is
divided into tliree faunal regions, first the " Coastal or Tell " which lies north
of the northern range of the Atlas Mountains ; second, the " Hauts Plateaux,"
which consist of the high steppe-like country mostly some 900-1,100 metres
above sea-level and is situated between the northern and southern chains of
the Atlas ; and third, the " Saharan or Desert region," which comprises all the
country south of the second Atlas chain as far as the end of the Hoggar Moun-
tains, i.e. about halfway between Ideles and Air. The northern or Tell Atlas
has more or less the same fauna as the Coastal Plain, but its southern slopes
agree more with the Hauts Plateaux ; the Southern or Saharan Atlas has
principally the fauna of the Hauts Plateaux. In Tunisia and the most eastern
part of Algeria, owing to the mountains running up closer to the sea, the
" Hauts Plateaux " region is less defined and runs more into the other two.
In Morocco we know too little about the natural history of the country,
except round Tangier and along the coast, i.e. Mazagan and Mogador, to say
if these threefold faunal divisions are there well defined or not. Of the
localities mentioned in the lists, Alger and the Foret de Bainen are on the

NOVITATE.S ZOOLOGIPAE XXIV. 1917. (J5

littoral of the province of Alger, while the Grands Kabylie ard Leila Kredidja,
Yakouren. Abd-el-Kader. Oued Hamidou, Sakanmdi. Tizi Ouzou, and the Foret
d'Akfadan lie in the mountains north of the Atlas range between Alger and
Bougie. Blida les Glacieres and Hammam R'ihra are in the foothills of the
Atlas, while Teniet-el-Haad, Medea, and Boghar are in the main Atlas chain
of the province of Alger. Boghari, Berrouaghia, Guelt-es-Stel, Puits Baba,
Terres Blanches, Ain-Oiissera, and Bordj-bou-Arreridj are on the " Hauts
Plateaux " of that province ; Djelfa is in the second Atlas chain ; while Bou
Saada, El Hamel, Laghouat, Tilghempt, Ghardaia, Berrian Guerrara, and the
Oued N9a are in the " Desert Region " south of that province. Oran, Nemours,
and Nedronia are in the littoral of the Province of Oran ; while Masser
Mines and Lalla Marnia are in the low mountain ranges north of the Atlas
in that province. Tifcen Yaya, Sidi-bel- Abbes, Tlemcen, and Les Pins are on
the northern slopes of the Northern Atlas range on the railwaj' line between
Sidi-bel-Abbes and Tlemcen in the west of the Oran Province. Saida and
Tifrit, 25 kilometres west of it, are in the central part of the Northern Atlas
chain in the Oran Province, while Ain Sefra, Ras Chergui, and Mecheria are
in the Southern Atlas chain of that province. The fauna of these three places
has a much more desert mixture than is the case in the Aures districts in
the Province of Constantine, and this appears due to the invasion of large
and extensive sand-dunes. Colomb Bechar is at the commencement of the
desert in the Oran Province.

Zoiidj-el-Beghal is in Eastern Morocco, 15-20 kilometres bej'ond the
Algerian frontier west of Oudjda. Mazagan, the Mwhoila (Orange Grove, Oum-
er-Rebia), Ouled Farsh, Truchan, Rabat, the Oum-er-Rebia, and Mogador are
on the Atlantic west coast of Morocco. Tangier is due north opposite Gibraltar,
Tamarouth, Djebel Tixa, Agvirgur Amsmiz, Sould Jedid, Imentalla, Tizi
Gourza, Tsigidir-el-Bor, and Tsauritz Entsagauz are in the High Atlas, while
the Forest of Marmora is inland from Rabat.

Batna, Lambessa, and KJienchela are on the " Hauts Plateaux " of the
Province of Constantine ; Menaa and El Kantara and the Gorges de TUatou
are in the Aures Mountains = the Southern Atlas range.

El Outaya, Biskra, Hammam-es-Salahin, Oumash, Bordj Chegga, Mraier,
Touggourt, Bled-et-Amar, El Oued, El Arish, Ouargla, El Golea, Igosten,
In-Salah, the Oued Mya, El Hadadra, and Aiin Guettera are in the desert south
of the Province of Constantine.

Ai'n Taiba and Timassinin lie south-east of Ouargla, while Oued Ag'elil,
Oued Ahma, Oued Tamadout, Oued Abou, and Oued Dehm are north of the
Hoggar Mountains, and Ideles is in the northern part of the Hoggar Mountaiiis,
while Tamargliasset is in the main portion of these mountaii;s. Oued Kadamelkt
and Oued Tidek are south of these mountains in Adrar, Oued Kadamellet is
north of Air, and Philippeville and Bone are the two chief ports of the Provmcc
of Constantine. Constantine and Hammam Meskoutine are in the foot-hills
north of the Northern Atlas chain in the Province of Constantine ; while Souk
Ahras is in this northern chain close to the Tunisian frontier, while Tebessa is
in the Southern Atlas also near Tunisia. Ain Draham is in the Northern Atlas
in Western Tunisia, called by the French " Kioumerie." Tunis is the capital
of Tunisia.

Marakesh is the capital of Morocco.

5

66 XOVITATES ZOOLOGIfAE XXIV. 1 iU 7.

The data for specimens given under Mr. A. E. Gibbs are taken from "An
Algerian Holiday " in The Entomologist, vol. xliv. pp. 135-140 and 170-174
(1911); those given under Joannis are taken from the Bulletin de la Societe
entomologique de France, 1908, pp. 82, 83; and those under Miss Fountaine are
from The Entomologist, 1906, pp. 84-89 and 107-109.

I herewith give a sort of synopsis of the people named in the lists of Ti ii.g
Museum material.

Dr. Nissen is Danish Consul-General for Algeria and a medical practitioner ;
he has a private collection of Algerian lepidoptera and a small representative
one from elsewhere.

Captam Holl, who died in 1916 or the end of 1915, was a retued engineer
oflScer of the French Army ; he was an Alsatian, and had a collection of
Algerian and Alsatian lepidoptera and disposed of his duplicates commercially.

Mr. A. Nelva is the principal pharmaceutical chemist at Batna ; he originally
collected all orders of zoological objects, but in 1909 determined to restrict
himself to coleoptera. However, he could not forgo retaining small series of
his local lepidoptera, but collects lepidoptera mainly for sale.

Mr. Maxime Rotrou is a coleopterist who habitualh- lives at Sidi-bel-Abbes,
but travels about in the Province of Oran, being m Government employ. He
collects lepidoptera and other orders for sale to help him with his coleoptera.

Mr. A. Thery is a merchant and commission agent of Alger, who has one
of the best collections in the world of the coleopterous family of Buprestidae,
and made also a collection of Algerian insects. Just before the war he took
up a large land concession near Rabat and sent me a small collection from
there.

Victor Faroult is a French professional collector who has collected for me
in various parts of Algeria since 1911.

Cheli Brahim is or was the Arab guide at the Hotel Bertrand at El Kantara.

Mr. E. Blanc is a taxidermist and dealer in Tunis.

W. Riggenbach is a Swiss zoological collector who collected for the Tring
Museum in Morocco from 1900-1905, and in Senegal in 1906-1907.

Except in very few instances no insects received in 1916 could be included,
as owing to the war I have not been able to get them set. I received in 1916
from Mr. Nelva, Mr. Rotrou, and Victor Faroult some five or six thousand
specimens from Perregaux, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Titen Yaya, Lambessa, Environs de
Batna, Hammam R'ihra, Djebel Zaccar (above Miliana), and Aflou.

I have in the lists of specimens only used initials when quoting cur own
captures. E. H. signifies Dr. Ernst Hartert ; K. J. signifies Dr. K. Joidan ;
C. H. signifies Carl HUgert and W. R. denotes myself.

The localities are arranged from west to east and from north to south and
from south to north.

[Papilio machaon Linn.

Mr. Oberthiir states quite truly that it is not very easy to define the different
subspecies of this butterfly which inhabit Barbary. But I think I shall be able
to make it quite clear that there are three distinct races inhabiting this area.
(1) That found along the coast and down to the centre of the " Hants Plateaux "
in Central and Eastern Algeria and Tunisia ; (2) that inhabiting the coastal

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 67

and northern portions of Western Algeria and the known portions of Morocco ;
and (3) that inhabiting the desert areas of Algeria and probably Tunisia and
running up in places into the southern portions of the " Hants Plateaux."

The second local form presents little or no difficult}' beyond the question
of the priority of the two names rnauretanica Blachier and maxima Verity, but
the other two forms are not so simple. In my " Revision of the PapUios of the
Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa," Nov. Zool. vol. ii. pp. 165-463, I
united under P. macJMon sphyrus Hiibn. (see pp. 275-276) all the maclmon from
England, South Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia (to Cashmere).

As our knowledge of lepidoptera has advanced by leaps and bounds since
then, it is not remarkable that this classification of the 7nachaon forms should
now prove to be out of date. The British form is distmct enough to warrant
a separate designation, and the Moroccan and West Algerian and that from
the desert regions of Algeria have also proved to be two distinct local races
which must be separated. The consideration, therefore, only remains of the
form inhabiting the northern portions of Central and Eastern Algeria and
Tunisia. This involves the vexed cjuestion, " What is sphyrus Hiibn. ? " He has
given no locality for it, and the figures (ff . 775, 776) at fii'st sight give one the
impression of the British form. However, the yellow is too dark, and it agrees,
I think, fairly well with Spanish, South France and Italian specimens. The
North African specimens (Alger, Hamniam R'ilira, Tunis, etc.) differ slightly both
from Portuguese and Riviera ones in the width of the black outer one-fourth of
forewing, in the more oblong and narrower red area in the anal ocellus of
hindwing, in the larger yellow submarginal spots of the hinchvmg, and in the
reduced orange spots below.

Dr. Verity has separated the Algerian and Noitli Tunisian machaon as m.
mauretanica ; and although I consider that I have not enough dated material
from both sides of the Mediterranean to give a final assent to this, it is quite
certain that a number of the North African specimens show characters never
found in those from South Europe, so I have adopted Dr. Verity's name in the
present article. The summer generation appears alwajs to be distinguished
by greater extent of yellow on the abdomen.

Mr. Oberthiir states that he has never seen any account of the larvae of
any of the Asiatic forms of inachaon. I have a number of blown larvae
of machaon hippocrates Feld. from Japan. They are exactly like the larvae of
European machaon, but much larger.]

1. Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity.

Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity, Rhopaloccra Palaearctica, p. 12. pi. ii. f. 5 (1905) (Alger).

The larvae of the Algerian mauretanica resembles European machaon larvae,
but appears to have the black bands on the segments and especially these
between the segments broader. We found two larvae at Khenchela in the last
moult but one, May 1912, of which I prepared one that died before the last
moult . The second pupated, but died at Tring. These larvae had both the
segmental and intrasegmental black rings complete, so undoubtedly the Klienchela
machaon belongs to the northern form. We found this insect fairly abundant
round Mustapha and at Hammam R'ihra, but elsewhere we only came across it
occasionally.

68 NOVITATES ZOOLOOKAE XXIV. 1917.

The Guelt-es-Stel unique specimen is in appearance intermediate between
the northern and the desert race, but it cannot be settled what form occurs in
this region till we find the larvae, and I prefer for the present to regard it as
mauretanica on account of its northern localitj'. Tlie specimens of this form in
the Tring Musetim number forty-one.

11 Envii-ons d'Alger, May— October 1905-1914, W. R., E. H. and K. J.,
Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.

3 Hammam R'ilira, April— September 1912-1916, W. R., K. J. and
Faroult.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. ai.d K. J.
10 Belvedere. Tunis, August — September 1915, Blanc.

1 Gafsa, Tunisia.

2 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.
1 Guelt-es-Stel, July 1913.

3 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Ain Sefra,"May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

4 Djebel Mekter, near Ain Sefra, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.
1 Les Pins, July 1915, Rotrou.

1 Sidi-bel- Abbes, August 1916.

1 larva, 1 pupa, Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

The specimens from the last four localities are very perplexing ; they agree
with mauretanica in size and appearance, but ought by rights to belong to the
next form ; however, as the " Hauts Plateaux " of Province Oran have a very
mixed fauna, it is possible that machaon is an immigrant from the cast and not
from the north.

In the British Museum there Ls a single specimen from the Salvm-Godman
collection labelled " Algeria " !

2. Papilio machaon maxima Verity.

Papilio machaon maxima Verity, Rhopalocera Palaearctica, p. 296. pi. lii. f. 2 (1911) (gen. vern.)

(Tangier).
Papilio machaon maxima gen. aest. angulala Verity, Rhopalocera Palaearctica, p. 290. pi. \x. i. 14

(1911) (Tangier).

Mr. Blachier (Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 77. pp. 209-211. ff.) 1, 2 (1908)
endeavours to show that the name mauretanica, originally given by Verity to
the whole of the Mauretanian machaon, should be restricted to the form from
Morocco. This is quite wrong, for Verity states distinctly that his form is small
and figures a specimen from Alger. Therefore the name of inaxima given three
years later by Verity must stand for the Moroccan form.

This name maxima applies, however, only to the spring generation. The
summer generation, which is larger, has the black lines somewhat reduced and
the abdomen almost entirely yellow with only a black dorsal line ; this is Verity's
gen. aest. angulata. The number of specimens at Tring are twenty-one.

2 Mazagan, April 1902, W. Riggenbach "j

1 Ouled Farsh, AprU 1901, W. Riggenbach J-gen. vern. maxima.

1 Djebel Tixa, March 1905, W. Riggenbach J

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. 69

gen. aest.
angulata.

6 Mazagan, July — September 1900, W. Riggenbach
4 Morocco (Marakesch), October 1902, W. Riggenbach

2 Cap Blanco, August 1902, W. Riggenbach
1 Ouled Farsh, May 1901, W. Riggenbach

3 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult

1 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou

The four specimens in the Tring Museum from t!ie i.orth of the Province
of Oran are certainly unmistakable maxima, in fact, one of the Ma-ser Mines
specimens is as big as many summer specimens of machaon hifpocrates Feld.
from Japan (length of forewing 52 mm., expanse 109 mm.).

Mr. Blachier (loc. cit.) records maxima from Marakesch, coll. Vaucher and
Tangier, from the same source.

There are in the British Museum three specimens collected by Ms. Meade-
Waldo. In the Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. 1905, pp. 369-392, Mi-. M-ade-Waldo
records Tangier January and August 1901 ; Amsmiz, June 1901 ; Imentalla,
1901 ; and Forest of Marmora, March 1902.

3. Papilio machaon saharae Oberth.

Papilio nuKhaon var. saharae Oberthur, Elud. d'Entom. iv. p. 68. sub No. 192 (1879) (Laghouat).
Papilio macJiaon var. hospifonides Oberthur, Elud. d'Enlim. xii. p. 21. t. 5. f. 19 (1888) (larva
Biskra).

Ii] Novit. Zool. vol. XX. p. 109 (1913) I kept hospitonides separate from
saharae, as my Laghouat and Bou Saada imagines were somewhat different from
the desert specimens from elsewhere. Since then I have examined more
material, both larvae and imagines, and I find that though the imagines represent
two di; tinct types — viz. either very small with the yeUow much reduced or
somewliat larger with the submarginal yellow spots strongly developed and
with a curious yellow bloom over the whole insect, giving it a mealy appear-
ance— nevertheless all the desert machaon have the hospitonides form of larva
and so represent one local race only. Therefore the name saharae must be used
for this subspecies, it having nine years' priority over hospitonides.

Of the Bou Saada series one specimen is very different from the othersi
beuig quite indistinguishable from North Algerian ones. It is, of course, well
known that occasional specimens of subspecies show greater resemblances to
other races of the same species than to the one to which they geographically
belong, but this specimen is too much like m. mauretanica. Victor Faroult has
the bad habit, which was equally the case with our lamented friend William
Doherty and our poor collector Heinrich Kiihn, of dragging about with him,
when travelling, odd specimens of lepidoptera captured on previous expeditions.
I therefore feel sure that this specimen in question was obtamed somewhere else
and included in the Bou Saada lot by mistake. The remaining 41 Bou Saada
specimens vary much in size, though all are small. The smallest has the length
of forewing 24 mm. and total expanse 52 mm., while largest has the forewing
40 mm. and a total expanse of 85 mm. The specimens at Tring total 65.
42 (41) Bou Saada, May, June, July 1912 (1 May 1911 ? ?), Faroult.

2 Biskra, September 1910, Faroult.
1 El Kantara, April 1911, Faroult.

3 El Outaya, March 1911, Faroult.

70 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1!>17.

2 Laghouat, March— April 1911-1912, W. R. and E. H., Faroult.
5 Ghardaia, May 1912 and 1914, E. H. and C. H.
1 Oued N^a, May 1914, E. H. and C. H.
8 El Hadadra, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Oued Mya, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.
5 larvae, 1 pupa shell, Bou Saada, Faroult.

2 larvae. El Hadadra, E. H. and C. H.

Mr. de Joaniiis records two specimens collected hy Mr. M. R. Chudeau,
August 1905, at Tamangha-sset, Hoggar Mountains.

The larvae of vutchaon saharae are very different from those of other forms
of machaon. They resemble those of Papilio hospiton of Corsica and Sardinia
in having tlie black segmental and intersegmental bar.ds broken up into spot.'-.

[Papilio podalirius Linn.

Dr. Veritj', in his Rhopalocera Palaearctica, p. 293 (1911), asserts that he has
become convinced that P. podalirms and P. feisthameli are two distinct species,
and not, as hitherto considered by himself ar.d otheis. two local races of one
and the same species Papilio podalirius. Dr. Verity further asserts that podalirins
and feisthameli hy together tliroughout Spain and across to Tangier.

Dr. Jordan and I have been too busy with other entomological work to go
carefully into this question and dLssect a number of specimens ; moreover,
although my material at Trmg is very large, the scries from Spain and that
from Northern and Central France are very poor. I therefore cannot at present
adopt Dr. Verity's view, but consider it verj- doubtful indeed if podalirius and
feisthameli can be considered anything more than two very distinct subspecies
of one species. I have examined 536 specinicrs of podalirius and feisthameli
in the Tring Museum and those in the British Museum and others ; and out
of this large number of nearly 650 specimens from the whole of its range, I
only know one specimen of what could be considered true podalirius which has
been taken within the feisthameli area, and this is a Tangier specimen obtained
by Mr. Meade- Waldo now in the British Museum. It is quite reasonable to
suppose that this specimen is a reversion to an ancestral type or else a
variation from the more ancestral form to the more recent, whichever view is
considered the more consistent with the known facts about podaliritis and
feisthameli. This specimen is quite similar to podalirivs in every way, but is
rather large even for a female.]

4. Papilio podalirius feisthameh Dup.

Papilio feisthameli Duponchel in Godart's Lipid, de France, Kupp. I. p. 7. t. 1. f. 1 (1832) (Perpignaa
loc. typ. fixed by Pierret).

There are two distinct seasonal generations, gen. vern. feisthameli ard gen.
aest. latteri Aust., in Barbary, and the latter is at once distinguishable by its
great size and in being nearly always white, while the $ feisthameli is generally
pale yellow.

We found this butterfly abundar^t in the neighbourhood of Alger and at
Hammam R'ihra ; but elsewhere, though not rare, was only seen singly. At
Tring the series comprises 178 specimens from Mauretania.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. -1

3 Mauretania (Staudir.ger).

8 Seksawa, Morocco, 1905, Riggenbach.
2 Fenson, Morocco.

1 Zoudj-el-Beghal, E. Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.
1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.
1 Lalla Marnia. Maj' 1914, Faroult.
I Saida, May 1914, W. R. and E. H.
25 Sidi-bel-Abbes, April 1915-1916, Rotrou.

1 Sidi-bel-Abbes, Austaut, August 1878 (type of gen. aest. latteri).

1. Sebdou, Austaut, July 1880 (also marked "type," but is evidently only
a subsequent acquisition).

42 Environs d'Alger, March— June 1908-1914, W. R., E. H., and K. J., and
Dr. Nissen.

2 Adrar Amellal, Gorges de Chabet, June 1905, Dr. Nissen.
7 Blida Ics Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

17 Enviions de Batna, July— August 1909-1915, Nelva.
2 Lambessa, June 1905, L. Kuhlmann.
7 ElKantara, March— July 1911, W. R., E. H., Faroult, and Cheli Brahim.

1 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

4 Philippeville, June 1905, L. Kuhlmann.

31 Hammam R'ihra, April— May and August 1908-1916, W. R., E. H.,
and K. J., and Faroult.

2 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

3 Souk Ahras, Apiil 1914, W. R. and K. J.
3 Ain Draham, 1910, Faroult.

7 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, August 1916, Faroult.

In the British Museum are 2 from Mr. Meade-Waldo ; 1 Lieutenant Codet,
Sebdou, 1880-1882; 1 Mount Thessala, Province Oran, July 1880, Austaut ;
2 Mauretania ex coll. Grum-Grshimailo per Elwes ; 2 Algiers, 1 Morocco,
Leech coll.

Mr. Meade-Waldo gives the following data in his article : Amsmiz, June
1901 ; Imentala, July 1901.

The anal rufous red patch in the Spanish and Pyrenean feisthameli is
broader than in Mauretanian ones, but is not at all like that in podalirivs. The
gen. aest. latteri only occurs in Maureteftiia.

Dr. Verity, in his "Revision of the Linnean- Types," seeks to show that
Linnaeus' type of Papilio podalirius is the Algerian ab. latteri, but as I am not
yet quite satisfied on this point I have not adopted the change of name in this
paper.

5. Thais Tumina mauretanica Schultz.

Thais rumina mauretanica Schulz, Int. Entom. Zeitsch. Stuttgart, vol. xxi. p. 267 (1908) (Morocco

Algeria).

I never liad anj' luck with this beautiful insect, for we always were too late
in the places where we met with it ; so that the series of specimens collected
by ourselves is poor in quality and scanty in numbers. We found a few larvae
at Hammam R'ihra, and I found in May 1909 two larvae at Lac Fetzara, near
Bone, which were quite black.

72 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

One of the specimens collected by E. Deschanges has the black in the wuigs
much extended, and all the red spots of the forewings are absent except a small
red dot below the vitreous patch = ab. derubescens Schultz. Several others have
the red on the forewings niuch reduced. One specimen from Oran and one from
Blida les Glacieres are of the aberration canteneri Stdgn. One of Faroult's
Ain Draham specunens has the curious quadrately distorted wings as figured
by Mr. ObDithiir. The above-mentioned canteneri has a rather j)crplexir.g
synonymy.

In 1861 Staudinger, in Staudinger and Wocke's Catalog der Lepidopieren,
Europas, ed. i. p. 1. No. 7, thus describes it: "ab. Canteneri Heydenreich Catal
(ab ochracea)," and has put it as an aberration under the Spanish and Portu-
guese race Tlmis rumiiia riimina, but he gives no type locality.

In 1864 C. and R. Felder, Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesells. vol. xiv. p. 330.
No. 527, give a " var. Canteneri Heydenreich lin. litt. . . . Algeria," and quote
as type figure Lucas' T. rumina var. in the Expl. d'Alg. Zool. iii. p. 346. pi. 1.
f. 1. Now, it is a very moot point, as both Staudinger and the Felders quote as
the source of the name canteneri the same manuscript catalogue of Heydenreich
and Staudinger gives no type locality, while the Felders give Algeria, whether
the name canteneri ought not to be used for the Mauretanian form of rumina
instead of mauretanica Schultz. This can only be decided if the consensus of
opmion agrees as to which of these two authors is the real author of the name,
Staudinger by saying " ab. ochracea " and being considered to have fixed the
locality by placing it under the "forma Iberica," or the Felders by actually
quoting a type locality "Algeria" and by quoting a figure of an Algerian
specimen of the dark orange aberration. The series at Tring number 100.

1 Algeria, Sandt coll.
22 Oran, AprU 1913, W. R., E. H.

1 Santa Cruz, Oran, February 1906, Dr. Nissen.
45 Environs d'Alger (Hussein Dey, ilaison Carree, Femme Sauvage),
March— April 1905-1913, Dr. Nissen and Captam Holl.

8 Hammam R'Uira, 4 April 1912, W. R. and K. J., and 2 ex larva (larvae
May 1908, VV. R. and K. J.), 1 emerged 1909 and the other 1910 at Tring ; 2
July 1916, Faroult.

3 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
12 Tlemcen, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 larva Lac Fetzara, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

3 larvae, Hammam R'ihra, May 1911, W. R. and E. H.

In the British Museum are : —

1 <? Sebdou, Dr. Codet, 1880—1882.

4 Tangier, Meade-Waldo.

1 Bubana, March 1901, Meade-Waldo.
3 Tangier, Mr. Blackmore.

I Mogador, Leech. (This has the black markings much reduced and the
yellow extended.)

Mr. Meadc-Waldo in his article quotes only Tangier, February — April 1901,
Miss Fountaine quotes Teniet-el-Haad, May, June 1904, in addition to Hammam
R'ihra and Blida in April. Mr. Blachier gives only Tangier.

NOVXTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. 73

6. Aporia crataegi mauritanica Oberth.

Aporia crataegi mavritnnkn Obertliiir, Etiid. Lepid. Comp. Fasc. III. p. 120 (1900) (Algeria).

Personally we only eanie across this butterfly once in Algeria, and that at
Blida ks Glacieres in 1908. At Tring we have 171 specimens.
108 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
5 Foret de Taouriit Ighil. Kabylie, June 1906. Dr. Nissen.
1 Yakouren, June 1906, Dr. Nissen.
1 Foret de TAkfadou Kabylie, June 1906, Dr. Nissen.
4 Batna, May 1912, Nelva.
19 Seksawa, Morocco, April 1905, W. Riggenbach.
33 Tiiougelt, Batra. May 1914, A. Nelva.
1 larva. Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
This subspecies of Aporia crataegi is unrepresented m the British Museum.
Miss Fountaine records this insect from Teniet-el-Haad, May— June 1904.

7. Ganoris brassicae brassicae (Linn).

Papilio brassicae Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I. p. 467. No. ,j8 (1758) (Sweden).

This butterfly is faii-ly abundant north of the Atlas in Algeria, but we found
it much rarer to the south and never got it in any of the oases south of Biskra.
The Algerian, Tunisian, and Moroccan series at Tring is 107.

1 Ouled Farsh, Morocco.

19 Mazagan, Morocco, March— April 1902, W. Riggenbach.

2 Mwhoila (Orange Grove, Oum-er-Rebia), Mazagan, April 1901, Harteit
and Riggenbach.

11 Shiadma, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

3 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.
3 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.

1 Morocco (Marakesh), 1902, W. Riggenbach.

2 Djebel Tixa, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.
1 Cap Blanco, April 1902, W. Riggenbach.

I Mogador, Staudinger.

3 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

11 Environs d'Alger, February— August 1904-1913, W. R., E. H., K. J.
and Dr. Nissen.

1 Leila Kredidja, Kabylie, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.

1 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
17 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

1 Biskra, March 1914, W. R. and E. H.

1 El Kantara, April 1908, W. R. and E. H.

1 Tlemcen, AprU 1913, W. R. and E. H.

2 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

21 Environs de Tunis, March and April 1915, E. Blanc.

4 Environs de Batna, 1914-1915, A. Nelva.

Mr. Gibbs records brassicae also from Tlemcen, May — June 1910.
In the British Museum the only Mauretanian brassicae are 7 specimens from
Meade- Waldo.

Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article gives Tangier, December — August 1900-1902.

74 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

8. Ganoris rapae mauritanica (Verity).

Pieria rapae mauritanica Verity, Rhopalocera Palaearctica, p. 155. pi. xxiii. £f. 43, 44 (1908) (Algeria).

The name mauritanica is applied by Dr. Verity to the summer generation,
and he states that the spring generation differs from gen. vern. leucotera Stefan.
from Italy in having the cellular light and dark streaks on the underside of
the hindwings much less strongly developed. We have a Mauretanian series
of 274 at Tring.

5 Mogador, Staudinger.

4 Truchan, Morocco, April 1904, W. Riggenbach.

2 Seksawa, Morocco, April 1905, W. Riggenbach.

3 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.

2 Mtonga, Morocco, May 1904, VV. Riggenbach.

27 Mazagan, Morocco, May 1902, W. Riggenbach.

3 Ouled Farsh, Morocco, May 1905, W. Riggenbach.

3 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

1 Nedroma, Prov. Oran, May 1914, Faroult.

4 Lalla ILirnia, December and May 1914, Faroult.

2 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.

1 Tlemcen, AprO 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. ard E. H.

4 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

2 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou.

5 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

39 Envh-ons d'Alger. February ar.d May 1908-1911, W. R., E. H., K. J.,
and Dr. Nissen.

5 Leila Kredidja, Kabylie, July 1907-1908, Dr. Nissen.
10 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

28 Hammam Rihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
4 Guelt-es-Stel, April 1913, Faroult.

2 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.

1 El Golea, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Ouargla, June 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

1 Bled-et-Amar, Slarch 1912, E. H. and C. H.

7 Touggourt, February and April 1909 and 1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
44 Biskra, February— April 1908-1914, W. R. and E. H.
42 El Kantara, Feljruary— April, June, July 1908-1911, W. R., E. H.,
and Cheli Brahim.

6 Batna, May 1909-1914, W. R., E. H., and Nelva.

3 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

3 Hammam Meskoutine, April— May 1909-1914, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
1 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.
12 Environs de Tunis, March— April— June 1915-1916, E. Blanc.

The British Museum contains 7 specimens collected by Meade-Waldo,
the 2 from the Atlas being very small ; 1 Constantine, April 1882, and 1
Batna, May 1882, H. J. Ehves.

Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article gives Tangier, March 1901 ; Klatsa, May
1901 j and Saffi, August 1901.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, 1917. 75

9. Pieris napi atlantica, subspec. nov.

The form found at Blida les Glacieres and in the Kabylie is very distinct.
It differs from European specimens by being ver}' white above, as the vems
are not marked with black or grey and the black spots on the forewing are
very much larger, and below there is hardly any trace of the green on and around
the nervures of the hindwing. AVe our,,selves have only taken it at Blida les
Glaciere.s, but Dr. Nissen has taken it in the Kabylie, and I have one said to
have been taken by Faroult in Tunis. My single Moroccan specimen has more
pointed forewings and is more yellowish above, but I cannot judge from one
specimen. Mr. Gibbs records napi atlantica also from Blida. We have of this
17 at Tring.

10 Blida les Glacieres, June 19U8 and 1912, W. R., K. J., and Dr. Nissen.

5 Col de Chrea, July 1912, Dr. Nissen.

1 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

1 Tunis, June 15th, 1913 {fide Faroult).

In the British Museum there are no specimens of 7iapi from North-west
Africa.

Miss Fountaine records it in May both from Blida and Teniet-el-Haad. With
the exception of L. glauconome and Teracolus chrysonome, this is the rarest of
the North African Pieridae, though G. rhamni is not much commoner.

10. Leucochloe glauconome glauconcme (Klug).

Pontia glauconutne Klug, Symb. Phys. Fol. h. No. 12. T^ib. vii. flf. 18. 19 (1829) (Mount .Siaai, on
Erigerum denticulatum).

Before Dr. Ernst Hartert obtained the two specimens enumerated below,
the only Mauretanian record was the specimen obtained by the late Roland
Trinien at Constantine. The two mentioned below and two from Assouan are
all we have at Tring of true glauconome.

1 North of Aiii Guettara, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 South Oued Mya, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

11. Leucochloe daplidice albidice (Oberth.).

Pieris daplidire var. albidice Oberthur, Etiid. d'Entom. Fasc. VI. p. 47 (1881) (Algeiie, Prov. Con-
stantine Sud).

Mr. Charles Oberthiir, in hLs Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, Fasc.
III. pp. 122-125 (1909), has pointed out that Esper and Freyer's Pieris raphani,
which Staudinger and most of us following him accepted as bemg the southern
race of daplidice Luin., and therefore having priority over Oberthiir's albidice,
is really Belenois hellica (Linn.). This was also known to the late Mr. W. F.
Kirby, for we find in his Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera, p. 452, raphoni Esp.
as a synonym under hellica.

In my article on Dr. Hartert's de.sert trip, Nov. Zool. vol. xx. pp. 110-111
(1913), and in Nov. Zool. vol. xxi. pp. 299-330 (1914), ui the preliminary
account of the fauna of Guelt-es-Stel, I most unfortunately committed another
mistake ; for although I did not commit the error of mistaking raphani for
albidice, I used it for the form of daplidice inhabiting the northern and southern

76 XoviTATES ZooLonirAE XXIV. 1917.

borders of the Mediterranean. Now that we are all agreed that raphani is not
a form of daplidice, it remains to be seen what the North African daplidice ought
to be called. Mv. Oberthiir rather begs the question by treating his own albidice
in Fasc. X. of the Etudes as a mere aberration because it occurs sporadically in
Spain, Italy, and South France. The matter cannot rest there ; whereas albidice
is only a rare aberration north of the Mediterranean, it occurs regularly in
considerable numbers south of the Mediterranean, and in the desert from Biskia
and Laghouat southwards by far the largest number of specimens are either
albidice or intermediates between that and the normal Mediterranean daplidice.
Staudinger in such cases got over the difficulty by prefixing the term var. et
ab. before the name of such forms, which in one district appeared as individual
aberrations and in others as a good local race. This we cannot do, as the " Inter-
national Rules of Nomenclature" decree thatlocal races must be named t rinomially ,
while aberrati(3iml names must have the abbreviation ab. put before them.
As it is a fact that a large proportion of the Algerian daplidice really are always
albidice, I think it is quite clear that we must treat the Mauretanian daplidice
as a distinct subspecies under the name L. daplidice albidice (Oberth.).

We personally have never met with it in any numbers north of the desert,
but Dr. Hartert found it very common from Touggourt to the south, and the
only place I s;;w it in fair numbers was at Berrian. At Tring the series from
Mauretania is 271.

1 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

1 Mazagan, Morocco, August 1900, W. Riggenbach.

2 Skiadma, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

6 Mogador, Staudinger.

2 Lalla Marnia, December 1914, Faroult.
8 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

4 Titen Yaya, June and August 1915, Rotrou.

7 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

2 Environs d'Alger, May— June 1911, W. R. and E. H.

69 Guelt-es-Stel, April— September 1912-1913, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.
1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1916, Faroult.
4 Puits Baba, May 1913, Faroult.

7 Berrian. April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

41 Ghardaia, April— May 1911-1914, W. R., E. H., and C. H.
22 El Hadadra, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

3 El Arich, June 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Bled-et-Amar, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

4 Djcbel Kerdada, May 1912, Faroult.

3 Biskra, March— AprU 1911-1914, W. R., E. H., and C. H.
31 El Kaiitara, April— June 1908-1909, W. R. and E. H. and Cheh Brahim.

6 Batna, April 1908-1914, W. R. and E. H. and Nelva.
19 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.

3 Cbnstantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

3 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

8 N. of Ain Guettara, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 77

2 Ain Draham, Tunisia, March 1909.

6 Environs de Tunis, March — May 1915, E. Blanc.

The British Museum possesses 3 from the Meade-Waldo collection- ; 3
from Lambessa, May 1882; 1 Constantine, April 1882, J. H. Elwes ; and 2
from Biskra, May 1885.

L. Bleuse ex Oberthiir coll. ex Grum-Grshimailo cfill. Mr. Meade-Waldo
in his article quotes Wad Moorbey (nom rect. Oum-er-Rebia), June 1901 ; Sould
Jedid and Tsauritz Entsagauz, July 1901.

12. Euchloe belia (Linn.).

Papilio belia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I. p. 701. No. 84 (1767) (Barbaria).

Both Mr. Oberthiir and I have declared that we feel sure that the name
hdia Liim. applies to the ? of the insect described by him on p. 762 of the above-
quoted work, namely euphero Linn., and therefore Cramer's application of it
to another insect, which has been followed by Staudiiiger, Dr. Verity, and
most other lepidopterists, cannot possibly be accepted.

Staudinger asserts that belia Linn, is unrecognisable and doubtful, and
therefore is a nomen nudum. I have before shown (Nov. Zool. vol. xxi. p. 301
(1914)) that the name helia Liun. is not doubtful, and BIi-. Oberthur goes even
further by quoting verbatim Lmnaeus' original diagnosis.

Now, apart from the fact that Brander, the Swedish Consul, who sent to
Linnaeus all his Algerian insects, could not go much beyond the limits of the
town of Algiers, and therefore could never have been near the haunts of T.
nauna, the only other white butterfly with orange tifs found hi Algeria, i.e.
Biskra and interior of the Province of Oran, the word in the description de-
scribmg the underside of the hindwing ought to have told anyone but a wilfully
obtuse person that belia could only apply to the Euchloe. This word flavissime,
when translated mto English, reads intense yellow, and therefore could not
apply to the Teracolus, in which the underside of the hindwing in the spring
brood is dirty pink, and in the summer brood is white, huffish white, or dirty
pale buff, but never intense yellow.

The series at Triiig principally exhibits variation in the width and presence
or absence of the black borders to the orange apex of the forewuigs. 1 S and
1 ? from Guelt-es-Stel have the apices of the forewings almost completely black
and 1 ? from there has the orange patch as big as in the rjj, but without the
black borders as in the 5$, of b. androgyne Leech. The Tring series numbers
757. The S from Blidah (Faroult, 1916) is pale lemon-yellow, and the orange
of the apices is replaced by very pale pmk.

1 Afrique ! !

1 Algdrie !

1 Morocco ? ?

1 Mauretania, ex Staudinger (xanthic ?).
35 Masser Jlines, May 1914, Faroult.

8 Lalla Marnia, AprU 1914, Faroult.
45 Tlemcen, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Tifrit, near Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

78 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

29 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

63 Environs d'Alger, March— May 1908-1914, W. R., E. H., K. J., and
Dr. Ni.ssen.

18 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908 and April 1916, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.

10 Hammam R'ihra, AprU— May 1908-1916, W. R., E. H., and K. J., and
Faroult.

72 Bsrrouaghia, April 1914, Faroult.
310 Guelt-es-Stel, April 1913, Faroult.

2 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

7 El Kantara, May 1908-1911, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.
17 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

27 Lambessa, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

36 Batna, Jlay 1909-1914, W. R., E. H., and Nelva.

7 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.
22 Hammam Meskoutine, April— May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

28 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.
1 Ain Draham, Tunisia.

6 Envii-ons de Tunis, April — June 1916, E. Blanc.
5 Djebel Zaccar, above Miliana, June 1916, Faroult.

3 Djebel Mekter, Ain Sefra, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.

The Djebel Mekter ?, two from the Environs d' Alger, and three from Guelt-
es-Stel, have almost as wide orange apices to the forewing as 9 b. androgyne
Leech, but are not so large, and the lemon suffusion of the hindwing is absent ;
these may be called ab. intermedia ab. no v.

The British Museum has the following specimens : 5 Algiers, Leech coll. ;
2 Lambessa, AprU ; 2 Constantine, AprU ; 1 El Kantara, May ; 1 PhUippevUle,
May 188'2, H. J. Elwes ; 9 Khenchela, AprU— May 1906, Lord Walsingham ;
7 Meade-Waldo ; 4 Tangier, Druce coll. ex Salvui Godman coll. ; 1 Tangier,
Leech coll. ; 1 Tangier, AprU 1896, H. J. Elwes ; 4 Tangier, Mr. Blackmore.

Mr. Jleade- Waldo gives in his article the following data : Tangier, March —
AprU 1901 ; Hawara, May 1901.

12a. Ehichloe belia androgyne (Leech).

Anlhocharis eupheno var. androgyne Leech, P.Z.S. 1886. p. 122 (Mogador).

This subspecies of belia appears to be confined to the low country and
littoral of the Atlantic coast of Morocco ; the o is larger and has less marking
on the underside of the hindwings ; the ? is very different, having the orange
tip extending inwards as far as the discocellular stigma, and the hindwings
suffused with lemon-yellow. The Tring series consists of 13 specimens (2 $$).

10 Ouled Farsh, Morocco, February — May 1901, W. Riggenbach.

1 Skiadma, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

2 Djebel Chedar, February 1902, W. Riggenbach.

The British Museum possesses 14 specimens from Mogador Leech coll.
Mr. Meade- Waldo quotes in his article 1 $ Forest of Marmora (near Rabat),
March 1902.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGItAE XXIV. 1917. 79

13. Euchloe charlonia (Donzel).

Anthocharis charlonia Donzel, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 11. p. 197. pi. viii. f. I (1842) (Emsilah,
Algeria).

There appear to be three generations of this species in the year, but they
differ very little, that in autumn generally having the largest number of large
individuals. There are in the Tring Museum 1,091 specimens from Mauretania.

2 Mauretania, Staiidinger.

7 Mogador, Staudinger.

1 Skiadma, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

1 Djebel Tixa, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

7 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.

18 Lalla Marnia, May and December 1914, Faroult.
26 Aiu Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

5 Titen Yaya, November 1914— May 1915, Rotrou.

1 Sidi-bel- Abbes, November 1914, Rotrou.
12 Berrouaghia, April 1914, Faroult.

6 Boghari, April 1911-1913, W. R., E. H., K. J., and Faroult.
596 Guelt-es-Stel, March— November 1912-1913, Faroult.

2 Djelfa, May 1914, E. H. and C. H.

69 Laghouat, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

2 Tilghempt, April 1912, Faroult.

17 Berrian, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

7 Ghardaia, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.
58 Bou Saada, March — May 1911, Faroult.

3 Nga-bffn-Rzig, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.
2 Ourh, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.

9 Bordj Chegga, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.

19 Col de Sfa, Biskra, March 1911, W. R. and E. H.

1 Fontaine Chaude, Biskia, April 1909, W. R. and E. H.
24 Biskra, March 1908-1914, W. R. and E. H. and Arab native.

70 El Outaya, February— March 1911, Farouh.

153 El Kantara, March— June 1908-1911, W. R. and E. H., Faroult, and
Cheli Brahim.

1 Gorges de Tilatou, March 1909, W. R. and E. H.
9 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

2 Environs de Batna, Nelva.

The British Museum has the following specimens from Mauretania : 6
Algeria, Crowley bequest ; 2 Envhons de Batna, Elwes coll. ; 2 Algeria, Stau-
dinger-Salvm-Godman coll. ; 5 Biskia, February 1894, Rev. A. E. Eaton ;
February 1902, Lord Walsingham ; 5 El Kantara, JNIay 1882, Elwes coll. ; 1
Bou Saada, R. Oberthiir, 1875, Elwes coll. ; 1 Oran, Elwes coll. ; 1 Shietia,
Tunisia, G. C. Champion ; 2 North Africa, Hewitson coll.

Lieutenant Holl, son of the late Captain HoU, told me he saw this insect
much south of Ghardaiii, halfway between there and El Golea.

gQ NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

14. Euchloe tagis pechi (Stand.).

Anthocharis pechi Staudinger, EtUom. Xachr. vol. 11. \<. 10 (1885) (I.ambe»sa).

Till \ve found pechi at Gnelt-es-Stel. it had only be'-n obtained by Pech at
Lambe.ssa, and by Miss Fountaine and Mrs. I\I. dc la P. Nicholl at El Kantara
and Lambessa, and two or three odd speeimers at El Kantara by others. It
has only been obtained in addition by Faroult at B.-rrouaghia, so its range
seems not only limited to the Hants Plateaux of the Provinces of Alger and
Constantine, but even here to be very local and sporadic in its distribution.

Mr. Charles Oberthiir is of opinion that this elegant little insect is a very
distinct species, while Dr. Verity is convinced that it is only the Algerian form
of tagis. I personally agree with Dr. Verity, for I have specimens at Tring and
there are in the British Museum specimens of tagis tagis and tagis hisitanica
which are extremely similar to pechi on the underside of the hindwing, while
there is one specimen in the British Museum of tagis iusitanica which, except
for being larger, is almost identical with pechi both above and below. However,
a careful study of the genitalia of pechi, tagis, ausonia, and insularis is the only
method by which the specific relationship of these highly interesting and puzzling
forms can be settled once for all. The two insects called tagis algirica Oberth.
and tagis mauretanica Rober remain to be noticed. Mr. Charles Oberthiir is
convinced they represent the West Algerian and East Algerian races of tagis,
while Dr. Verity has put them down as aberrations of ausonia. I am persuaded
that the latter is right, because among my huge series of aitsonia from Guelt-
es-Stel (1,363 specimens) there are specimens agreeing with algirica Oberthiir
and mauretanica Rober, and also many intergradations.

I will further consider this question, which affects the nomerx-lature princi-
pally, under the next species.

The El Kantara specimens in the Briti>h Museum have entirely sooty-
black apices to the forewings, which seems to show that there is a tendency
to variation in the eastern localities, for Staudinger's tjpe is also mere black
at the apices than any of my Guelt-es-Stel and Berrouaghia examples. There
are 265 specimens at Trmg.

261 Guelt-es-Stel, February— March 1911-1914, W. R. and E. H., Faroult
and Dr. Nissen (some ex larva iide Faroult ! !).
4 Berrouaghia, April 1914, Faroult.

In the British Museum are 2 specimens, El Kantara, February — March
1902, Miss Fountaine.

[Euchloe ausonia Hiibn. ( = helia Cram, and auct. nee Linn.).

In NoviTATKs ZooLOGiCAE, vol. xxi. pp. 301-305 (1914), I gave a long ex-
planation of the muddle into which Euchloe ausonia Hiibn. = belia auct. plur.
had been brought, and gave a table of the Western Palaearctic forms. In this
article I divided this " species," i.e. group of local races, uito two sections ;
Group I. the forms with only a single yearly generation or brood, which both
in the Old World and the New are alpine and high mountain forms, and Group II.
the forms with two yearly generations or broods, and in which the two seasonal
forms are very distinct. As in Mauretania there are no representatives of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 81

Group I., I will not recapitulate the names of these forms ; but as I appear to
have rather carelessly followed dates pure and simple instead of going as care-
fully into the details given by certain authors as I ought to have done, I will
here repeat the table of Group II., emphasising by the type those names which
require reviewing.

Grotjt II.
Enchloe aasonia crameri Butl.
gen. vern. crameri Butl.
gen. aest. ALHAIffBRA Ribbe.
Spain and North Algeria.

Enchloe ansonia esperi Kir by.

gen. vern. kirbyi Rothsch.
gen. aest. esperi Kirby.
Central and Southern France.

Enchloe ansonia matntia Turati.
gen. vern. matutia Turati.
gen. aest. turatii Rothsch.
Riviera from Hyeres to Genoa.

Enchloei ansonia romana Calberla.

gen. vern. romana Calberla.
gen. aest. romanides Verity.
Tuscany and Central Italy.

Enchloe ansonia kmegeri Turati.

gen. vern. kruegeri Turati.
gen. aast. trinacriae Turati.
Sicily.

EncUog ansonia graeca Staudinger.
gen. vern. graeca Staudinger.
gen. aest. maxima Verity.
Greece and Black Sea Coast.

Enchloe ansonia CBAMEKIA Butl.
gen. vern. CKAMERIA Butl.
gen. aest. taurica Rober.

Asia Minor.

Palestine.

Egypt.
6

Enchloe ansonia triangnla Verity,
gen. vern. triangula Verity,
gen. aestiv. melisanda Fruhst.

Enchloe ansonia aegyptiaca Verity,
gen. vern. aegyptiaca Verity,
gen. aest. ?

82 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917.

£uchloe ansonia MEIiAirOCHLOBOS Rober.

gen. veru. algirica Obertli.
gen. aest. melanochloros Rober.

Central and South Algeria.

Before proceeding to rectify the three .serious errors into which I had fallen
I should lilce to pomt out the reason whj' I gave no diagnosis of the two new
names given in this table. I concluded that the giving of the prefix gen. aest.
and gen. vem. was sufficient diagnosis, for the difference between spring and
summer generation is the same in all subspecies, i.e. the summer brood differs
from the spring brood in all cases by larger size, more creamy upperside, and
the green pattern on the underside more " run " and irregular, while the green
is strongly suffused with yellow, whereas each generation of one subspecies differs
from the corresponding generation of the typical race by the same differences.

Now, the fu-st error I committed was not to read carefully Ribbe's description
of his alhawhra. If I had done so, instead of applying the name merely from
the locality to summer Andalusian specimens received from Ribbe, I should
have discovered that alhambra was applied to an aberration with reduced white
spots and increased green markings of both spring and summer generations
of crameri. This necessitates giving a name to the Spanish and North African
summer brood, and I propose to call it butleri ; so that this subspecies must
stand in the table as follows :

Euchloe ansonia crameri Butl.

gen. vern. cra7neri Butl.
gen. aest. butleri Rothsch.
Spain and North Africa (north of Atlas).

The second mistake I have made is that I read too hastily the synonymy
under Euchloe crameria in the Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by
Fabricius, or I should have seen that, whereas I thought Mr. Butler was here
renaming Cramer's belia ox Asia Minor, crameria is only a misquotation of the
name crameri given to a specimen labelled " Germany, J. J. Becker," but really
from some part of the Iberian peninsula.

Thus here again the spring brood of the Asia Minor race (which is belia
Cram, (type locality Smyrna)) requires a new name, and I propose the name
originalis for it. This Asia Minor subspecies will therefore have to be altered
m the key to :

Euchloe ausonia taurica Rober.

gen. vern. originalis Rothsch.
gen. aest. taurica Rober.

Asia Minor.

The greatest mistake, however, which I perpetrated is in connection with
the Central and South Algerian form ; and as I had been special!}' studying this
race I consider my error most unjustifiable, even though tlie .synonymy of the
North African races was so entangled. Fir.st of all, from the fact that most of
ray May specimens of Algerian ausonia are already belonging to the summer

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1!I17. 83

generation, I jumped to the conclusion that Rober's melanochloros must be an
aberrtation of the summer brood. Instead of which it was founded on very
late individuals of the spring brood, wViich were remarkable for the reduction
of the white spots in the green of the hindwings ; in fact, Rober gave two names
to the same insect, viz. belia melanochloros to actual specimens or a description
he had of Batna individuals captured in May, and tagis mauretanica, which
he gave to the figure of pechi Oberth. nee Stdgr., which was captured by J. Merkl
at Lambessa in April. As there are specimens of both melanochloros Rober
and algirica Oberth. among the spring brood of ausonia from Guelt-es-Stel,
and intermediates between these and the typical individuals of this race, it is
quite clear that they are only extreme aberrations, and however regrettable it
is, there being only these two names available for the Central and South Algerian
race, and algirica Oberth. being the oldest, the subspecific name becomes
Euchloe ausonia algirica Oberth. Now, as both these names were applied only
to the spring brood, the summer brood is without a name, and I propose to
call it pscudonyvms, and this subspecies must be altered in the table to :

Enchloe ausonia algirica Oberth.
gen. vern. algirica Oberth.
gen. aest. pseudonymus Rothsch.
Central and South Algeria.

The higher Atlas specimens of ausonia sometimes stand somewhat in between
the two North African local races, as was to be expected.]

15. Euchloe ausonia crameri Butl.

Euchioe crameri Butl., Entom. Month. Mag. vol. v. p. 271. No. 2 (1869) (South Europe ! !).

This is the form which occurs on the littoral, in the Tell, and on the northern
slopes of the Northern Atlas chain ; it is quite similar to Spanish and Portu-
guese specimens, and does not appear to be quite so variable as the next form.

1 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.x
39 Moroccan Frontier, May 1914, Faroult.x
49 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.x

7 Nedroma, May 1914, Faroult.x
27 Lalla Marnia, May 1914, Faroult.x

3 Tlemcen, April 1913, VV. R. and E. H.
27 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou.x

4 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

5 Environs d' Alger, January — February 1913, Captain Holl.

13 Blida les Glacieres, May— June 1907-1908, Dr. Nissen and AV. R. and
K. J.x

21 Hammam R'ihra, May— June 1908-1913, W. R., E. H. and K. J.x

5 Constantine, May 1882 and 1908, W. R. and E. H. and H. J. Elwes.x
119 Hammam Meskoutine, Jlay- June 1909-1914, W. R., E. H., and K. J.x
42 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

29 Envii-ons de Tunis, March— Mayl908-1915, E. Blanc and Max Bartel.x
Those marked with a x after the collector's name include or consist entirely
of the gen. aest. butleri. The Tring series ex Mauretania consists of 391 specimens.

84 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

15a. Euchloe ausonia algirica (Oberth.).

Anlhocharis tagis var. algirica Oberthiir, Etiid. Lipid. Comp. Fasc. III. p. 145 (1909) (Meoheria,
Prov. Oran).

This form is very variable, especially in the shape of the wings and in the
marking of the underside. The shape varies from a quite rounded forewing
to a very pointed one, and on the underside of the hiiidwuigs the white markings
in the green of the hmdwuig vary from quite small spots and dots to large
splashes or broad, irregular bands ; these white marks also vary in themselves,
for in some specimens they are dead white, while in others they are lustrous
pearly white. The green varies also from dark dull green in some individuals
to bright grass green in others.

The summer brood, gen. aest. fstvdonymus, although characterised by the
stronger admixture of yeUow with the green and the greater diffusion in the
bands and spots, is not nearly so different from the sprmg brood, gen. vern,
algirica, as are the spring and summer broods of crameri.

The Tring series consists of 2,069 specimens.

5 Djebel Tixa, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

1 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach. x
8 Mogador, Morocco, Staudinger.x

30 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.x
18 Ras Chergui, May 1915, Faroult.x

3 Djebel Mekter, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.x
5 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.x

4 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.x
315 Berrouaghia, April 1914, Faroult.

7 Boghari, May 1913, Faroult.x
1,363 Guelt-es-Stel, March— May 1911-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J., and
Faroult.x

5 Laghouat, March— April 1911-1912, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.

2 40 kilometres south of Laghouat, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.
60 Bou Saada, March— June 1911-1912, Faroult.x

3 Biskra, March 1911, W. R. and E. H.
20 El Outaya, March— April 1911, Faroult.

130 El Kantara, March— May 1908-1911, W. R. and E. H., Faroult and
Cheli Brahim.x

15 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.

7 Lambessa, Kay 1909, W. R. and E. H.
68 Environs de Batna, AprU— May 1909-1915, Nelva.

Where a x follows the name of the collector it denotes that some or all
of the specimens consist of the summer brood, gen. aest. pseiidonymus.

In the British Museum are 2 Lambessa, April 1884, J. Merkl, Oberthiir
coll. ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Lambessa, May, and 1 El Kantara, May 1882, H. J.
Elwes ; 2 Mogador, Leech coll. (summer brood).

The ? ab. poslochracea Rothsch., which is fau-ly common in the present
subspecies, is very much rarer in crameri from Algeria. I have it only from
Htvmmam Meskoutine.

NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 85

[Euchloe falloui (Allard).

I divided this insect into two subspecies, naming the purely desert insect
E. falloni ohsolescens, but stated that the specimens of obsolescent are evidently
a second or summer brood, showing the same characters differentiating it from
the first brood as do the second broods of ausonia and belemia, as opposed to
their respective first broods. The Ghardaia specimens of the first brood of
/. ohsolescens show very little difference from El Outaya first-brood specimens^
but I have ten second-brood specimens captured at Oued Hamidou between
Alger and I'Arba and eight from El Kantara which are not at all like the second
brood from the desert. Bou Saada second-brood specimens are certainly not
all alike, but average about 85 per cent, with fully developed green bands and
about 15 per cent, either ohsolescens or mtermediates. I think, therefore, that
we are justified in maintaining ohsolescens as a distinct race and regarduig those
from Bou Saada as somewhat in a transitional condition.]

16. Euchloefalloui falloui (Allard).

Anthocharia fallotii Gaston Allard, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, Ser. 4. vol. vii. pp. 312 and 318 (1867)
(Biskra).

The only difference I can see between the first brood of /. jallovi and that
of /. ohsolescens is that the latter has the green bands more sage-green and some-
what naiTOw, while the former has them broad and more olive-green. (The
Bou Saada ones have these bands very olive.)

34 Col de Sfa, Biskra, February— March 1908-1911, VV. R. and E. H. and
Staudinger (3).

8 El Kantara, August 1911, Faroult.
26 El Outaya, March 1911, Faroult.
8 Khenchela, June 1911, Farouh.
10 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

33 Laghouat, March— April 1911-1912, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.
1 A'in Draham, July 1911, Faroult.

3 Guelt-es-Stel, April 1912-1913, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.
1 Djebel Senia, February 1910, Faroult.

The British Museum has the following specimens : 5 Hammam-es-Salahin,
April 1904, Lord Walsingham ; 1 Tkoiit, April 1906, Lord Walsingham ; 1
Biskra, May 1885, L. Bleuse ex Ehves coll. ; 1 Biskra, February 1894, ex Elwes
coll. ; 1 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. ex Elwes coll.
The series at Tring comprises 124 specimens.

16a. Euchloe falloui form, transit.

The bulk of the specimens present little variation from the typical form,
though in nearly all the green bands are much shaded with brownish olive, but
from 5 to 15 per cent, show either a transition to or all the characters of
/. ohsolescens.

147 Bou Saada, May— August 1911-1912, Faroult.

6 Djebel Kerdada, May 1912, Faroult.

'^fi XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

The Tring series comprises 153 specimens ; 6 larvae and 1 pupa (the latter
May 1912).

In the British Museum there is of this transitional form, 1 Bou Saada, Ren6
Oberthiir, 1875, ex Elwes coll.

166. Euehloe falloui obsolescens Rothsch.

Buchloe falloui obsolescens Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xx. p. 112. No. 6 (1913) (South Oued Mya).

Of this form I only have second-brood examples from places south of
Ghardaia, but first-brood individuals ought not to be different from Ghardaia
examples. Its chief character distinguishing it from /. jalloui is the strong
increase of yellow and the almost vanishing green bands on the underside ai
the hindwings.

1 Ideles, March 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

1 Oued Agelil, March 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

3 South Oued Mya, April— May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Ain Guettera, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

6 north of Ain Guettera, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

9 Ghardaia, March— April 1911-1912, W. R. and E. H. and Dr. Nissen.

The Tring Museum possesses 21 examples of this form.

[Euehloe belemia Esper.

Euehloe belemia from North Africa has been considered by most authors
to be identical with typical Spanish and Portuguese examples. Count Turati
separated the desert specimens under the name E. belemia desertorum on the
assumption that they were all as small and pale as the specimens from Biskra
he had before him. Rober described a form under the name of distincta, which
he said was larger than the type, and had much larger square black stigmas
on the forewing and which he says flies at PhDippevOle. In former articles I
employed these names to denote respectively the desert specimens, i.e. Biskra,
Bou Saada, Laghouat, etc. ; and those north of the Southern Atlas range. Mr,
Oberthiir quite rightly emphasises the fact that in most places the small indi-
viduals enormously outnumber the large ; but in two places, viz. Hammam
R'ihra and Hammam Meskoutme, I found nothing but very large and heavily
marked specimens. Now that I have carefuUy compared a much larger series of
individuals than I could formerly, I have come to the conclusion that at present,
although the desert form is fauly recognisable and the large Philippeville and
Hammam MeskoutLne specimens with their huge discoidal black patch are very
conspicuous, the general run of Mauretanian belemia are not much different
from specimens obtained north of the Mediterranean, and it will require careful
examination of the genitalia and the special Pierine scaling to finally determine
the different races. I therefore propose in this article to treat all the Maure-
tanean belemia under the head of the species as a whole till such times as Dr.
Jordan and Professor Dixey can find time to work out the races of belemia over
its entire range.]

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 87

17. Euchloe belemia Esper.

Papilio belemia Esper, Die SchmeU. to), i. pt. 2. t. 110. f. 2 (1792) (?).
5 Tangier.
8 Mogador, Staudinger.

7 Mazagan, Morocco, March 1900, W. Riggenbach.

4 Djebel Chedar, Morocco, March 1901, W. Riggenbach.

5 Skiadma, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

4 Ouled Far.sh, Morocco, May 1904, W. Riggenbach. x

1 MwhoUa, Morocco, ? ?, W. Riggenbach.
3 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.

59 Moroccan Frontier, May 1914, Faroult.x

3 Morocco, October 1902, ? x
37 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.x

21 Nedroma, May 1914, Faroult.x
221 Lalla Marnia, May 1914, Faroult.x

5 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

19 Ras Chergui (Djebel Mekter), May 1915, Faroult.x

2 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.x
11 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou.x

21 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.x

72 Envii'ons d'Alger. February— June 1908-1914, W. R., E. H., and K. J.,
Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.x

4 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.x

50 Hammam R'ihra, April— May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.x
173 Bsrrouaghia, April 1914, Faroult.

21 Boghari, May 1913, Faroult.x

331 Guelt-es-Stel, AprU— May 1912-1913, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.x
1 Ain Oussera, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

8 Puits Baba, May 1913, Faroult.x

8 Bou Cedraia, May 1913, Faroult.x

6 Laghouat, March 1912, Faroult.

34 Bou Saada, March— AprU 1912-1913, Faroult.
1 Bled-et-Amar, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.
1 N9a-Ben-Rzig, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.

3 Bordj Chegga, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Col de Sfa, Bi.skra, February 1911, W. R. and E. H.
47 Biskra, March— April 1908-1914, W. R. and E. H.

22 El Outaya, March— August 1910-1911, Faroult.

33 El Kantara, March— June 1882-1911, W. R., E. H., Faroult, Cheli
Brahim, and H. J. Elwes.x

8 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.x
1 Lambe,ssa, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.x

20 Environs de Batna, June 1909-1913, Nelva and Faroult.

80 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1909-1914, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
15 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

4 Ain Draham, Tunisia, Staudinger.
1 Tozeur, Tuni.sia, Staudinger.

22 Environs de Tunis, March— April 1915, E. Blanc.

88 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

1 Kebili, March 1907, Staudinger.
1 Djebel Zaccar, June 1906, Faroult.

The Tring Museum series from Mauretania consists of 1,361 specimens.

The British Museum has the following Mauretanian belemia : 7 Meade-
Waldo ; 8 Mogador, Leech coll. ; 10 Tangier, 7 ex Dnue coll., 2 ex Bates, and
1 J. J. Walker, all ex Salvin Godman coll. ; 1 Biskra, Maj'. 1 El Kantara, May
1882, H. J. Elwes.

The X after the name of the collector denotes that some or all of the
specimens consist of the summer brood glauce. Miss Fountaine records the
summer brood glauce from Teniet-el-Haad, May — ^June 1904.

Euchloe belemia x ausonia algirica ? ?

These six specuuens and some eight or ten others taken by Dr. Nissen
are very remarkable ; thej- are undoubtedly in appearance exactly inter-
mediate between belemia and ausonia, and as I consider a specimen taken by
myself in April 1912 to agree in pattern with them, I treat them as hybrids ;
but if, on examination of its genitalia, this specimen should turn out to be only
an aberrant ausonia, it is quite possible that we have here an example of a
third brood occurring occasionally among the normally double-brooded belemia.

6 Guelt-es-Stel, April— November 1912-1913, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.

18. Teracolus evagore nouna (Luc).

Anthocharis nouna Lucas, Expl. Scient. de I'Alg. Zool. III. Lipid, p. 350. pi. i. ff. 2. a, b, etc. (1849)
(Oran).

Hitherto this beautiful little butterfly has been placed as a subspecies of
daira, Klug, but it agrees better with that author's evagore, which I think is
distmct from daira.

It has two broods, which differ mostly on the underside, that in spring
having a dirty pink colouring of the underside of the hindwing. Monsieur
Blachier has separated the spring brood from Bislcra as var. biskrensis. I have
only one specimen from the Province of Oran, namely, one taken by myself at
Ain Sefra, and this certainly differs from all the other ?? in the Tring Museum
by having the orange apex much reduced ; but until an equally large series of
both broods from Morocco and Oran can be placed side by side with my 325
from East and Central Algeria for comparison, I feel unable to decide this
point, and shall record all specimens under no^ina Lucas.

1 Djebel Tixa, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.

1 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

48 Ghardala, April— May 1911-1914, W. R., E. H., and C. H., and Dr.
Nissen.

6 Biskra, Staudinger.

1 Col de Sfa, ex larva (larva April 1908, emerged May 8th, 1908), W. R.
and E. H.

14 El Outaya, May 1911, Faroult.
244 El Kantara, May— July 1911, Cheli Brahim.
12 Environs de Batna, Nelva.

The Tring series thus amounts to 327 specimens. The British Museum
as 1 Hammam-es-Salahin ex larva, Lord Walsirgham.

NOVlTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 19! 7. §9

Miss Fountaine records a single specimen from Sebdou, June 1904.
Mr. Blachier records a specimen from Immentala, Morocco.
Mr. Joannis records this species from Oued Kadamellet, north of Air,
September 1905, M. R. Chudeau.

19. Teracohis Uagore (Klug).

PorUia Uagore Klug, Symh. Phijs. fol. g. p. I. pi. ri. ff. 5-8 (1829) (Ambukohl).

This insect is recorded by M. de Joannis, Brdl. Soc. Entom. France 1908,
p. 82, as having been collected by M. R. Chudeau, Oued Kadamellet, north
of Air, September 1905.

20. Teracolus chrysonome (Klug).

Poraia chrysonome Klug, Symh. Phys. fol. g, p. 2. No. 0. pi. vii. f=E. 9-11 (1829) (Ambukohl).

In the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), xvi. p. 247. No. 3 (1915) I quite correctly
enumerated Herr G. von Schwoppenburg's four Ideles specunens as Teracolus
hdvolus But!. Professor Aurivillius in Seitz places helvolus, however, as the
dry-season form of chrysonome, and I believe he is right, and that in absolute
desert areas like Somaliland and the Hoggar Mountains the wet-season form
chrysonome does not occur.

In the Ideles specimens the mauve bands and spots are not quite so much
obliterated as in 5 <J(^ I have from JubUando, British East Africa, but they
are not at all golden yellow with bright mauve bands as in typical chrysonome
collected by my brother N. Charles Rothschild at Shendi, and which I have
also from Suakim and the Nandi country in British East Africa.

4 Ideles, Hoggar Mountains, March 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

This^ species should stand thus :

Teracolus chrysonome (Klug).
gen. vern. chrysonome Klug.
gen. aest. helvolus Butl.

These four specimens in the Tring Museum are, I believe, the only known
Mauretanian examples of thLs species, except those recorded by Joannis as
collected by M. R. Chudeau, viz. Oued Tessamak, Adrar, June 1905; Oued
Tidek and Oued Kadamellet, north of Air, September 1905.

21. Colias hyale (Linn.).
Papilio hyale Liuuaeua, Syst. Nat. I. p. 469. No. 71 (1758) (Europe, Africa).

I have never seen any Mauretanian hyale ; in fact I have never seen true
hyale from any part of Africa ; the subspecies hyale marnoana Rogenh., how-
over, occurs in Abyssinia and the Soudan. Mr. Oberthiir, when he says that
hyale as we understand it to-day is not the hyale of Linnaeus, quotes the twelfth
edition of the 8y sterna Naturae, in which is added the habitat " America Septen-
trionali." In the tenth edition only Europe and Africa are given, and the
quotation of the Fauna Svecica is not included ; I therefore think, despite the
discrepancies of the diagnosis, we can quite conscientiouslj- assume that wo
are applying Linnaeus' name hyale to the butterfly he gave it to in his tenth
edition.

90 NOVJTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

22. Colias electo croceus (Geoff.).

Papilio croceus Geoffioy Fourcroy's Eniom. Par. vol. ii. p. 250 (1785) (Paris).

Although this iasect was .seen by us practically everywhere we went, it
was never very abundant.

8 Mazagan, Morocco, April— July 1900-19(12, W. Riggenbach.

2 Truchan, Morocco, May 1904, W. Riggenbach.

3 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

7 Ouled Farsh, Morocco, June 1901, W. Riggenbach.
1 Fenson, Morocco, May 1903, W. Riggenbach.

1 Cap Blanco, Morocco, May 1902, W. Riggenbach. x

11 Mogador, Morocco, Staudinger.

2 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.

4 Ain Sefra, May— July 1913-1915, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.x

1 Djebel Mekter, Ain Sefra, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.

8 Masser JMines, May 1914, Faroult.x

2 Tlemcen, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.x

3 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Tifrit, near Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.x

12 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou.

2 Ras Cliergui, May 1915, Faroult.

3 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.x

15 Envhons d'Alger, March— June 1908-1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J.,
Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.x

1 Yakouren, Kabylie, June 1906, Dr. Nissen.

2 Taourirt-Ighil, Kabylie, June 1906, Dr. Nissen.

4 Leila Ki'edidja, Kabylie, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.
2 Pic Abd-el-Kader, July 1905, Dr. Nissen. x

7 Blida les Glaciert;-, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.x
25 Hainmam R'ihra. April— May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J., and
August — September 1916, Farouh.x

18 Guelt-es-Stel, AprU 1912-1913, W. R. and K. J., Faroult.x

1 Foiet de Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.x
4 Djelfa. June 1913, Faroult.x

2 Laghouat, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.
1 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.

6 Ouargla, June 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.x
1 Oued Mya, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Bled-et-Amar, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

2 Touggourt, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.

2 Bordj Chegga, Fibruary 1912, E. H. and C. H.
20 Biskra, March 1908-1914, W. R. and E. H.

2 El Outaya, March— August 1910-1911, Faroult.
23 El Kantara, March— June 1909-1911, W. R. and E. H., Faroult, and
Cheli Brahim.x

4 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.
14 Environs de Batna, April 1908-1914, W. R., E. H., and Nelva.

2 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. Q\

4 Hanimam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.x

1 Ain Draham, Tunisia, June 1909, Faroult.x

6 Environs de Tunis, August — September 1915, E. Blanc.

The X after the collector's name denotes that one or more specimens belong
to the ? forma helice. I have never seen nor do I possess a single Jlauretanian
example of the § forma helicina Oberth. ( = intermediate ? form between helice
and normal ?), and considering the large series I have from jVIauretania, the
number of pale yellow SS (3) is very small.

The British Museum has the following specimens from Mauretania : 7
Meade- Waldo ; 2 Tangier and 2 Mogador, January 1881, Leech coll. ; 2 Biskra,
May 1882, H. J. Elwes ; 2 Philippeville, May 1882, H. J. Elwes.

Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article quotes Tangier, December — January ;
Interior, May — June. The Tring series from Mauretania consists of 243 speci-
mens.

23. Gonepteryx rhamni meridionalis Rober.

Gonepteryx rhamni meridionalis Rober in Stitz Grossschmett. der Erde, vol. i. p. 67 (1907) (Algeria
and S. Asia Minor).

Mr. Charles Oberthiir states that two subspecies of this insect occur in
Algeria, the large meridionalis and a small form indistinguishable from typical
rJiamni, and he records two such small specimens m his collection taken at Alger
by the late Lieutenant Mathieu. Now Gonepteryx rhamni is very rare indeed
in Algeria, and almost as rare in Tunisia and Morocco, so, as Mr. Oberthiir truly
remarks, we require much fuller material before deciding finally on this question;
but I would like to pouit out that rhamni meridionalis could under any circum-
stance only be treated as a subspecies or local race, and we frequently find that
among such local races individuals appear sporadically which are indistinguish-
able from the type, although 75 per cent, or more of the individuals exhibit all
the distinguishing characters of the local race. This being the case, I do not
consider these small Algerian rham,ni, of which I have two from Batna, at all
invalidate the subspecific value of the race rhamni meridionalis. South Portu-
guese specimens (Monchique, Dr. K. Jordan) are not meridionalis.

3 Environs d'Alger, March and June 1908, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
1 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

1 Hammam R'ilira, May 1908, W. R. and K. J.

4 Batna, Nelva.

2 Tunis.

2 Ain Draham, July 1911, Faroult.
The Tring series consists of 13 specimens.
The British Museum has 2 from Meade-Waldo.

Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article gives the follownig data : Tangier, March
1901, December 1902.

24. Gonepteryx cleopatra (Linn.).

Papilio cieopalra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. xii. vol. i. part 2. p. 765. No. 105 (1767) (Barbaria).

It is very curious, as Mr. Oberthiir remarks, what a comparatively large
number of gynandromorphous specimens occur in this species ; of the three

92 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Algerian ones in the Tring Museum, the one I took near Alger myself has only
some broad whitish bands on the right hindwing, but the Khenchela specimen
is very remarkable. The abdomen appears to be equally divided, left half d,
right $ ; there is only one very thick antenna in the middle of the frons ; the
left pair of wings are S with a few patches of V colouring ; the right pair of
wings are ? with only three or four very small splashes of o coloration.
83 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.
20 Nedroma, May 1914, Faroult.
1 Lalla Marnia, May 1914, Faroult.
3 Sidi-bel-Abbes, June 1915, Rotrou.
10 Titen Yaya, March — June 1915, Rotrou.
1 Oran, April 1913, W. R. ard E. H.
1 Santa Cruz, Oran, February 1906, Dr. Nissen.
44 Environs d'Alger, March— June 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
15 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
18 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H,, and K. J.
14 Guelt-es-Stel, AprU— May 1913, Faroult.

3 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.
10 El Kantara, March— June 1911, W. R. and E. H,, Faroult and Cheli
Brahim.

1 Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.

1 Lambessa, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.
12 Environs de Batna, Nelva.

2 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

23 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1909-1914, W. R.. E. H., and K. J.
1 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.
1 Ain Draham, July 1911, Faroult.

3 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, June 1916, Faroult.

10 Envkons de Tunis, April— June 1915-1916, E. Blanc.

Of these the following are gynandromorphous :

1 Environs d'Alger.
1 Klienchela.
1 Ain Draham.

The British Museum has the following Mauretanian examples : 5 Meade-
Waldo ; 3 Tangier and 3 Mogador, Leech coll. ; 1 Tangier, Druce coll. ex Salvin
Godman coll.

Mr. Meade- Waldo gives the following data in his article : Tangier, January
1901 ; FeduUa, May 1901 ; Wad Moorbey (rect. Oum-er-Rebia), June 1901 ;
Sould Jedid, July 1901.

Miss Fountaine records this species from Teniet-el-Haad, June 1904. The
Tring Museum has 277 Mauretanian specimens.

25. Catopsilia florella (Fabr.).

Papilio fioreUa Fabriciua, Syst. Entom. p. 479. No. 159 (1775) (Sierra Leone).

The only Mauretanian records I can find of this insect are by Mr. de Joannis,
Oued el Ghessour and Oued Kadamellet, September 1905 (north of Air), M. R.
Chudeau.

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, HI17. 93

26. Danais (Limnas) chrysippus (Linn.)-

Papilio chrysippus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. p. 471. No. 81 (1758) (Egypt, America ! !).

With the exception of the record by Mr. Joannis, Oued Kadamellet, Sep-
tember 1905, M. R. Chudeau, Dr. Hartert's three specimens are the only
other Mauretanian specimens. While Mr. Chudeau's is the ab. alcippus with
white hiiidwmgs, all three of Dr. Hartert's are typical chrysippus.

1 north of Ain Guettera, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.
1 Igosten, In-Salah, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.
1 South Oued Mya, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

27. Charaxes jason (Linn.).

Papilio jason Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. xii. part i. p. 749. No. 26 (1767) (Barbaria).

1 have seen this insect alive in Algeria on two occasions, and both times
failed to catch it, &st a cj near Alger, which we chased up and down a cutting
for nearly half an hour, and secondly a large 9 near Blida les Glacieres. Dr.
Hartert also saw one near Mustapha. My servant Harmon Drury saw one of
these insects at Hammam R'Oira, but missed it. Dr. Nissen has several Alger
specimens.

2 Ain Draham, Victor Faroult.

1 Envnons d'Alger, ex. coll. Nelva.

2 Hammam R'ihra, August — September 1916, Faroult.

In the British Museum there is one specimen, Sebdou 1880-1882, Dr. Codet
ex Elwes coll.

28. Pyrameis atalanta (Linn.).

Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. part ii. p. 478. No. 119 (1758) (Sweden).

The only time I ever saw this insect in any numbers in Algeria was in 1913,
in Mrs. Beresford's garden in Mustapha Superior, Alger. Two large masses
of the creeper Buddleia tnadagascariensis were in full flower, and the " Red
Admirals " were in large numbers sucking honey from the long spikes of orange
flowers.

13 Mazagan, Morocco, March — December 1900-1902, W. Riggenbach.

2 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

19 Environs d'Alger, March— June 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

1 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

3 Hammam R'ilira, AprU— June 1911-1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 El Kantara, June 1911, Cheli Brahim.

1 Constantme, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

4 Environs de Tunis, March— April 1915, E. Blanc.

Mr. Gibbs reports atalanta from Tlemcen, May 1910.
There are no specimens from Mauretania in the British Museum.
Mr. Meade-Waldo gives Tangier, February — March 1901 ; Amsmiz, June
1901 ; and Imentalla, July 1901, in his Moroccan article.

94 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

29. Pyrameis cardui cardui (Linn.).

Papilio cardm Linnaeus, Stjst. Nat. edit. x. part i. p. 47.>. No. 107 (1758) (Europe, Africa).

We found this insect ever3'where in Algeria, though one never saw very-
many on the wing at one time.

9 Mazagan, Morocco, March — June 1900, W. Riggenbach.
2 Seksawa, Morocco, April 1905. W. Riggenbach.

1 Ouled Farsh, May 1901, W. Riggenbach.

2 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.
8 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.

1 Lalla Marnia, December 1914, Faroult.
7 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 Tlemcen, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.
12 Titan Yaya, AprO 1915, Rotrou.
5 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Environs d' Alger, March 1908-1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

1 Leila Kredidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.

2 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

11 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

4 Guelt-es-Stel, June — September 1913, Faroult.

1 Djelfa, Jane 1913, Faroult.

2 Oued Nca, April 1914, E. H. and C. H.

1 north of Ain Guettera, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.
4 Timassinin, January 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

1 Amgid, February 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

3 Ain Tahart, February 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

2 Idele.>, March 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.
1 Ouargla, June 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.
1 Bordj Chegga, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Col de Sfa, BMna, March 1911, W. R. and E. H.

3 Biskra, March 1908—1911, W. R. and E. H.

23 El Kantara, M;iy— June 1911, W. R., E. H., and Cheli Brahim.
3 Envh-ons de Batna, Nelva.
1 Bordj Saada, April 1908, W. R. and E. H.

The Mauretanian series in the Tring Museum comprises 118 specimens.

Mr. Meade-Waldo in his article says he found cardui on the wing all the
year round everywhere he went, and that the late autumn brood was very small
and dark. There are no Mauretanian cardui in the British Museum.

Mr. de Joannis records Tamangasset, Hoggar Moimtains, August 1905, M. R.
Chudeau.

30. Vanessa polychloros erythromelas Aust.

Vanessa polychloros var. erylliromelas Au.staut, Le Naiuraliate, vol. vii. p. 142 (1885) (Sebdou).

In the drawer in which is contained folychloros and the Mauretanian form
erythromelas in the British Museum is a note in Mr. H. J. Elwes' handwriting
saying he cannot acknowledge the validity of Austant's name as he cannot

^fOV^TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 95

make out any differences. If Mr. Elwes placed my two drawers of erythromelas
next to a drawer full of typical polychloros he would at first sight consider them
more distinct from polychloros than is xanthomelas , which everyone acknowledges
is a distinct species, for the deep fulvous red colour in erythromelas is in striking
contrast to the often dirty fulvous yellow of polychloros.

As, however, occasional yellower specimens occur in Mauretania (about 1
in 350 specimens), we cannot treat erythromelas as anything but a very distinct
subspecies = local race. We never found this insect very plentiful anywhere
ill a perfect state, though the larvae here and there were very abundant, and
in consequence there are only 7 in the Tring Museum captured by ourselves.

1 Fenson, Morocco, April 1903, W. Riggenbach.
1 Sebdou, June 1888, Austant (type of erythromelas).
1 Magenta, Prov. Oran, June 1915, Rotrou.

6 Environs d'Alger, May— June 1911-1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J., and
Captain Holl.

3 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908, W. R. and K. J.

194 Environs de Batna, Nelva and Taillefer.

4 Khenchela, July 1911, Faroult.

1 El Kantara, March 1911, Madame Faroult.

1 Djebel Taya, February 1911, W. R. and E. H.
16 Grand Kabylie, July 1909, Dr. Nissen.

4 Leila Kredidja, August 1907, Dr. Nissen.

1 Ain Draham, Tunisia, July 1911, Faroult.

4 Djebel Zaccar, above Miliana, June 1916, Faroult.

The Tring series comprises 238 specimens.

The El Kantara specimen, which I saw alive directly after Madame Faroult
caught it at the foot of the Djebel Metlili, is, I believe, the most southern speci-
men hitherto captured.

The British Museum has 2 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. ex Elwea
coll. ; 1 Alger, Lieutenant Mathieu ex Elwes coll.

31. Polygonia c. album (Linn.).

Papilio c. album Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. p. 477. No. 115 (1758) (Sweden).

We have only seen this insect once in Algeria ; and although Dr. Nissan
maintains that it is fairly common round Alger, I feel sure it is not nearly as
common as it has been considered to be, or else Mr. Oberthiir and I would have
been able to have procured more than fourteen specimens between us in forty
years.

1 Environs d'Alger, March 1912, W. R. and K. J.

2 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, July — August 1916, Faroult.
1 Hammam R'ihra, May J 916, Faroult.

1 Ain Draham, Tunisia, Faroult.

There are no specimens of this species in the British Museum from Maure-
tania. Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article records it as follows : Tizi Gourza,
July 1901.

96 NOVJTATES ZOOLOGKAE XXIV. 1917.

32. Polygonia egea (Cram.)

Papilio egea Cramer, Pap. Erot. vol. i. part vii. p. 124. pi. Ixxviii. ff. 0. D. (1775) (Constantinople,

Smyrna).

Thi.s insect also must be cxtraordmarily scarce in Mauretania, for 1 have
heard of no others except Mr. Oberthiir's single specimen and my own two.

1 Hussein Day, Alger, Captain HoU.

I Fenson, Morocco, April 1903, W. Riggenbach.

Captain Holl sold the Hussem Dey example to me as c. album, and it was
only when I was writing this article that I found out it was an egea.

33. Argymiis maja seitzi Fruhst.

Argynnis maja seUzi Fruhstorfer, Inlern. ErUom. Zeitsclir. Guben, vol. ii. p. 69 (1908) (Alger ! ! !).

I feel sure Fruhstorfer's type locality rests on an error, for I have no know-
ledge of maja seitzi havmg been taken nearer to Alger than Blida, Hammam
R'ihra, and the Kabylie (Dr. Seitz states positively in Grossschm. der Erde, vol. i.
that the type specimens were taken by himself in the Aures Mountains).

We have only taken two specimens ourselves ; of these the Hammam
R'ihra individual was taken by our taxidermist, Carl Hilgert.

1 Mazagan, Morocco, May 1902, W. Riggenbach.
1 Cap Blanco, Morocco, May 1902, W. Riggenbach.

4 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.
15 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.

21 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.
3 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.
1 Magenta, June 1915, Rotrou.
1 Sidi-bel-Abbeii, June 1915, Rotrou.
12 LeUa Kredidja, Kabylie, July 1906-1907, Dr. Nissen.
7 Blida les Glacieres, June— August 1906-1912, W. R. and K. J., Dr.
Nissen and Captain Holl.

1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
3 Teniet-el-Haad, June— July 1905, Dr. Nissen.

5 Guelt-es-Stel, July 1913, Faroult.
3 Khenchela, July 1911, Faroult.

2 Djebel Zacoar, above Miliana, June 1916, Faroult.

The Tring series numbers 88 uadividuals. The five labelled by Faroult
Guelt-es-Stel, July 1913, did not, I feel sure, come actually from Guelt-es-Stel;
from what I know of his movements between May and August 1913, they must
have been taken somewhere considerably to the south-east of Guelt-es-Stel.
nearer the Foret de Djelfa.

The British Museum has no specimens of maja seitzi.

Mr. Meade- Waldo gives in his article Sould Jedid, July 1901, and Tizi
Gourza, July 1901, and he remarks that in the north of Morocco he only saw
two worn specimens, while in the High Atlas it was abundant.

Miss Fountaine records this species from Teniet-el-Haad, June 1904, and
Sebdou, June and July 1904.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 97

Mr. Gibbs records it from Oran, May 1910, and Tlemcen, May 1910.

The specimens of Captain Holl are labelled Environs d' Alger, but Blida lea
Glacieres was formerly included by him in that term ; though he later specified
the actual places when he found it advantageous to do so.

34. Argymiis paphia dives Oberth.

Argynnis paphia var. dives Oberthiir, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, p. 26 (1908) (Kabylie, Yakouren).

We have not found this species ourselves, as we never remained in Algeria
late enough, for it is not on the wing before the end of June at the earliest.
11 Leila Kredidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.
13 Environs de Batna, Nelva.
2 Lambessa, July 1912, Nelva.

Of these 26 specimens in the Tring Museum, 1 S from Batna and 1 ? from
Leila Kjedidja have silver stripes on the underside of the hmdwing { = ab.
argyrea Oberth.).

No specimens of •paphia dives are in the British Museum.

35. Argynnis auresiana Fruhst.

Argynnis adippe auresiana Fruhstorfer, Intern. Entom. Zeitschr. Ouben, vol. ii. p. 69 (1908)
(Aur& Mountains).

This also flies much later in the year than we ever stayed in Algeria, so
that Tring Museum has none of our own collectmg. There appear to be no
differences perceivable between specimens from the Kabylie Mountains and
those from the Aures Mountains.

Ml-. Charles Oberthiir considers auresiana a good distinct species and cites
Dr. Reverdin as witness ; the latter having compared the <J genitalia and
found them very distinct from adippe. I think under the circumstances it is
advisable to accept this viev, , until Dr. Jordan can confirm or disprove it by
the examination of a number of specimens of both.

11 Leila Kredidja, Kabylie, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.

95 Environs de Lambezc, June 1912-1914, Nelva.

:i6. Argynnis lathonia (Linn.).

Papilio lathonia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 481. No. 141 (1758) (Europe).

We only once found this insect at Mustapha Superior, when Dr. Hartert
caught a fine specimen with his hat. This is accounted for by the fact that the
insect is never out in its full numbers till later in the year than we have been
in Algeria ; but it is strange that I have only received three other specimens
during the last nine years.

1 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.

1 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.

1 Envnons d'Alger, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.

The British Museum has 2 Algerian specimens ; 1 Lambessa, May 1882,
H. J. Elwes ; 1 Alger, Leech coll.

Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article records Sould Jedid and Tsauritz Entsa-
gauz, July 1901.

7

98 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

37. Melitaea desiontainii desJontainii (Godart).

Argynnis desfontainii Godart, Enctjd. Method. Hist. Nat. Entoni. vol. ix. p. 278. No. 46 (1819)
(Barbarie).

This insect I do not possess, there being in the Tring Museum only a series
of desfontainii boetica taken by Dr. Jordan in Portugal. In the British Museum
are 3 specimens: 1 Sebdou, 1880-1882, Dr. Codet ex Elwes coll.; 2 Algeria,
Crowley bequest. I have 3 labelled desfontainii from my brother's former
collection, but I do not know what they are as they are without locality, and
instead of being redder than boetica are much duller.

38. Melitaea cinxia (Linn.).

Papilio cinxia Linnaeus, Si/st. Nat. vol. i. p. 480. No. 137 (1758) (Sweden).

We never came across this insect, and I know of no other Mauretanian
specimens except the two taken by Harold Powell.

39. Melitaea dejone nitida Oberth.

Melitaea dejone forma nitida Oberthiir, Etud. Lepid. Comp. Fasc. III. p. 254 (1909) (Tlemcen,
Sebdou).

Of this in.sect I have no specimens and there are none in the British Museum.
When we were at Tlemcen we visited the Waterfall more than once, but being
the month of April we were too early for dejone nitida.

40. Melitaea aetherie algirica Riihl.

Mditaea aetherie var. algirica Riihl, Pataearkt. Grossschm. p. 389 (1892-1895) (Algeria).

We have taken this species in various places and have a fairly large series
at Tring, but the ? form which is all rufous like the ^ is much rarer than the
parti-coloured ?. The Tring series consists of 157 specimers,
10 Masser Mines, May — June 1914, Faroidt.

1 Saida, May 1913, \v. R. and E. H.

2 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

14 Hammam R'ihra, Maj — August 1913-1916, W, R. and E. H. and
Faroult.

1 Berrouaghia, April 1914, Faroult.
73 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.
55 Batna, Nelva.
1 Ain Taya, May 1914, W. R. and E. H.

The British Museum has 7 specimens of this insect : 2 Lambessa, April-
May 1882, H. J. Elwes ; 4 Lambessa, June 1885, L. Bleuse ex Elwes coll. ;
1 Algeria, Crowley bequest. Miss Fountaine records it from Teniet-el-Haad, May
—June 1904.

41. Melitaea phoebe punica Oberth.

Melitaea phoebe var. punica Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. Fasc, I. p. 25. pi. 1. f. 3 (1876) (Lambfeze).

I do not consider we are justified in considering this Algerian insect as
anything more than a very well marked race of phoebe, unless the study of the

NOVITATES ZOOLOC.ICAE XXIV. 1917. 99

genitalia of a large series of examples should hereafter show it to be worthy of
specific rank. We found it much rarer at Khcnchela than aetheriae algirica, and
in the west of Algeria it seems to become still rarer. We have at Tring 61
specimens.

2 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.

1 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotron.

1 Bou Cedraia, May 1913, Faroult.

1 Berrouaghia, April ! ! ! 1914, Faroult.
17 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. E., K. J., and Faroult.
39 Batna, Nelva.

The specimen from Faroult from Berrouaghia may be an early freak, but
I expect it was a Khenchela one dragged about and finally put in by mistake.

The British Museum possesses 12 specimens : 6 Lambessa, May 1882,
H. J. Elwes ; 4 Lambessa, June 1885, L. Bleuse ex Elwes coll. ; 2 Algeria, Leech
coll.

There seems to be little or no variation in this insect.

41a. Melitaea phoebe leechi subspec. nov.

Differs from phoebe punica in being very much larger, deep rufous not
fulvous yellow or rufous yellow as in p. punica, and the black markings are
narrower and thinner. They are as large almost as Chinese examples or the
largest European forms.

Habitat. Mogador. 14 specimens collected by J. H. Leech in the British
Museum ex Leech coll., Salvin Godman coll., and Elwes coll.

These are all the specimens recorded so far as I know.

[Melitaea didyma Ochs.

This is the most variable butterfly almost that exists, and is certainly the
most widely spread Melitaea, extending as it does from Portugal, Spain, and
France to the Pacific, and from the Moroccan coast to Abyssinia, whUe from
north to south it reaches in the west from Germany to the Central Sahara,
and in the east from North-east Siberia to South China. It is not only variable
individually, but splits up into an unusually large number of local races, and
it is often difficult to define what is individual and what is local variation.

It is in insects such as this that, once more, it is apparent that for adequate
study of species and subspecies of living creatures it is almost impossible to
have too large a series of specimens, not onlj' in regard to localities, but also
from each individual locality.

In 1876, when describing for the first time didyma deserticola as an aberration,
Mr. Oberthiir cites didyma didyma as occurring in PhOippevUIe, Oran, Collo,
etc., in examples similar to Pyrenean examples, whUe from Ain Khala he had a
very distinct 9 all fiery red. In 1909 Mr. Charles Oberthiir designated tht-
Spanish and Algerian didyma as forma mauretanica, stating that Staudinger's
names occidentalis and meridionalis had been applied each to such a conglomera-
tion of local races that they could not stand, and a new nomenclature was required,
in order that a name could be applied to each well-characterised ASIATIC
SACE.

100 NOVJTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1U17.

Now, the names occidentalis and meridionalis were given by Staudinger in
his Catalog der Lepidopleren Europas, p. 8. No. 198. vars. b. and c. 1861. M. d.
occidentalis was given to Hiibner"s figures 869-7U [cinxi^i) and Henich Schaeffer's
fig. 133 {didyma var.) and figs. 324-7 (trivia var.). The latter, fi. 324-7, are
definitely stated by their author to have come from Mount Ararat, while his
No. 131 called by Staudinger under var. d. ^' dalmatina (araratica)" has no
locality given to it by the author ; from the name given to H rrich Schaeffer's
No. 131, viz. '' dalmatina {araratica)," it is evident that Staudiiiger inverted
the numbers by mistake, and that he really meant to call Herrich Schaeffer's
ff. 324-7 " var. dalmatina (araratica)" while intending to place that author's
f. 131 under occidentalis.

As, however, Hiibner's ft'. 869-70 stand fii'st, we must accept these ff. as
the type of Staudinger's occidentalis, and as they evidently represent a Spanish
didyma, the name must stand for the Spanish form. Staudinger gives as the
habitat of his meridionalis Sicily and Turkey, and quotes no previous author.
As Sicily stands first, it is obvious that that is the type locality, and that
meridionalis will have to stand for the Sicilian form.

This rules out Oberthiir's contention that both these names must be rejected,
and moreover fixes the localities of the types. It does not, however, finally
end our diflSculties, for there appear to be at least five if not six distinct local
races in Algeria which have all very well defined areas of distribution except
interposita Rothsch., which appears to be found in a number of more or less
isolated places in many Mauretanian districts surrounded by other forms. This
would pomt to its being an ABEREATION only, but it is constant in these
isolated localities, so it would appear that didyma is a species very rapidly affected
by local conditions, and that wherever the local factors which cause evolu-
tionary activity are of the kind aecessarj' to produce interposita, there that
form appears, and becomes fixed though it may be only in a small area com-
pletely surrounded by territorj" inhabited by otlier local races. Unfortunatclj'
I have no Spanish didyma for comparison, only Pyrenean examples, but Hiibner's
figure shows a very brilliant red insect with rather small spots and of a large
size. Moreover, it has pointed, extended forewings not rounded at the apices
as in Algerian specimens. I have sho^vn that this Spanish race must be called
occidentalis Stdgr., therefore the name mauretanica Oberth. can only by applied
to Mauretanian examples ; but here we are again met by a difficulty, for the
Moroccan specimens collected by Mr. Meade-Waldo are not, as stated by Mr.
Elwes, didyma deserticokt, but belong to my interposita, while the West Algerian
specimens generally belong to Mr. Oberthiir's mauretanica, and the extreme
East Algerian and West Tunisian specimens belong to another race which is
much smaller, and which I described as didyma nisseni (type Ain Draham).

The specimens from the Northern Atlas Range in the Province of Oran
(Sebdou), the Kabylie (Djurjura), and the Aures Mountains all belong to my
interposita (type Batna), and which very often so closely approximate to didyma
deserticola Oberth. (type Biskra) that it is hard to distinguish them on the
upper side ; below, the heavier black markings of deserticola are at once apparent .
The form harterti from the Central Sahara is so distinct as to be at once dk-
tinguishable from deserticola above and below, and is unlike any other Jlaurc-
tanuin form.

As stated before, in 1876 3L-. Oberthiir declared a series of PhUippeville

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 101

specimens to be identical with Pyrenean individuals, while he remarks that
his Ain Khala $ was quite unlike the dull olive Pj'renean ?? in being bright red.
I unfortunately do not possess Philippeville specimens, but I can say that out
of the 464 Algerian didyma (of five races) I possess, 146 are ??, and that in all
cases they are either red or sandy-yellow, according to the subspecies, like the <?<?.
They only differ in being generally slightly paler. The Pyrenean ??, on the
other hand, vary from slate-grey suffused with rufous on costal half of hindwing,
to deep olivaceous slate colour suffused with gallstone yellow, and with rufous
hindwings ; while Sicilian ?$ (meridionalis) vary from mouse-grey with rufous
Ixindwings, to sandy rufous, the forewing slightly washed with olive. Algerian
cJc?, both of the western manreinnica form and the eastern nisseni form, have
the rufous colouring less brilliant and more of a sandy tone than either Spanish
occidentalis, Sicilian meridiomilis, or Pyrenean examples of didyma.']

42. Melitaea didyma mauretanica Oberth.

Mditaea didyma forma mauretanica Obertliiir, Etud. Lipiil. Comp. Fasc. III. p. 243 (1909) (Algeria,
Spain).

This form differs from my nisseni in its larger size, and in the postmedian
rufous band on the underside of the hindwing being farther away from the
antimedian band. The Tring series numbers 153 specimens.

3 Hammam R'ihra, August 1915. Faroult.
145 JLisser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

1 Tlemcen, April 1914, W. P. and E. H.

2 Titon Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou.

2 ? (labelled Bou Saada, May 1912, Faroult, but evidently not from there).

Miss Fountaine gives Teniet-el-Haad, June 1904.

42a. Melitaea didyma nisseni Rothsch.

Mditaea didyma ni.sse7ii Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xx. p. 115 (1913) (Ain Draham).
149 Am Draham, July — August 1911, Faroult.

426. Melitaea didyma interposita Rothsch.

Melitaea didyma interposita Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xx. p. 115 (1913) (Batna).

This race of didyma is not only remarkable from its iiregular and widely
separated areas of occurrence ; but also for its subspecific characters ! For
while the cJcJ resemble more nearly d. mauretanica and never approach very
close to d. deserticola, the ?? are much nearer to d. deserticola, some being so
close to the latter on the upper surface that should the locality ticket be absent,
only the examination of the underside can determine which are which.

16 Environs de Batna, Nelva.

3 Lambessa, June 1912, Nelva.

4 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

The Tring series comprises 23 individuals. The British Museum possesses
8: 6 Meade- Waldo ; 2 Djurjura, July 1884, J. Merkl ex Elwes coll. Mr-
Meade- Waldo in his article gives the following data : Rabat, May 1901 ; Agurgur,
July 1901; Tsauritz Entsagauz, July 1901.

Miss Fountaine records this form from Sebdou, .June — July 1904.

102 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

42c. Melitaea didyma deserticola Oberth.

Melitaea didyma ab. deserticola Oberthur, Etiid. Entom. Fasc. I. p. 25. pi. iii. f. 1 (1876) (Biskra).

The characteristic differences of d. deserticola from d. maurelanica and
d. nisseni are in the large size paler sandy-rufous colour above, with fewer though
larger black spots, and in the mcreased size of the black spots below and the
great reduction of the yellow bands below on the hindwings.

The antennae also are very curious in the Algerian didyma ; m d. 7naure~
lanica and d. nisseni the club of the antenna is black above with a small maroon
tip ; in interposita the tip is larger, more rufous, and this colour invades the
blade of the club ; in d. deserticola and d. harterti the club is entirely rufous,
scaled more or less with white or grey scales mostly at the basal portion.

1 El Outaya, March 1909, W. R. and E. H.
23 BLskia, March 1909-1914, W. R. and E. H.

1 Zaatcha, 40 kilometres south-west of Biskra, March 1909, W. R. and
E. H.

30 Bordj Chegga, 65 kilometres south of Biskra, February 1912, E. H. and
C. H.

The British Museum has 6 specimens of this race: 2 Biskra, March 1902,
Mrs. M. de la B. Nicholl ; 4 Bisla-a, Jlay 1885 and March 1886, L. Bleuse and
Lieutenant Lahaye, ex Elwes coll.

i2d. Melitaea didyma harterti Rothsch.

Melitaea didyma harterti Rothschild, Sovit. Zool. vol. xx. p. 115. No. 13 (1913) (El Hadadia).

This is the most distinct form of didyma and is unlike any other Melitaea
in the pale sandy-yellow ground colour which approximates to that of M. acraeina
Stdgr. In fact 2 ?? specinrens which have the bands of black spots on the
hmdwings absent and much reduced on the forewings so much resemble this
species that I here name them ab. pseudoacraeina ab. nov. ; I also here name
a ? specimen, which has the black spots absent on the hindwings and the post-
median band of black spots on the forewing strongly increased, ab. nigrofasciata
ab. nov.

4 S. Oued Mya, April— May 1912, E. H. and C. H.
57 El Hadadra, May 1912, "e. H. and C. H.

7 north of El Golea, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.
15 Ghardaia, May 1912-1914. E. H. and G. H.

1 Oued N9a, June 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Oued Segrir, June 1912, E. H. and C. H.

I Sands of El Arich, June 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 65 kilometres east of Ghardaia, June 1912, E. H. and C. H.

43. Satyrus (Nytha) ellena Oberth.

Satyrus alcyone var. ellena Oberthiir, Eliid. Entom. Fasc. XIX. p. 19. pi. vii. f. 57 (1894) (B6ne),

Under this insect in his Etitd. Lipid. Camp. Fasc. III. pp. 260-261, Mr.
Oberthiir cites various statements by Fruhstorfer on the subject of the names
hermione, alcyone and fagi, and says that he does not propose to accept the name
jagi Scopoli because it is pre-Liimaean (Scopoli's Entomologia Carniolica ig

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 103

dated 1763, while Linnaeus described hermione first Mus. Lnd. Ulr. p. 281. No.
99 (1764) (Portugal), and afterwards Syst. Nat. edit. xii. vol. i. part ii. p. 773,
No. 149 (1767) (Germany)), but I should like to point out that Mr. Oberthiir
is entirely mistaken in saying that Scopoli is pre-Linnaean, for zoologists date
the commencement of zoological nomenclature from Linnaeus' Systema Naturae
editio X. 1758, and not from the editio xii. 1766-1767.

However, this has little bearing, at present, on the insect under considera-
tion, for I agree with Mr. Oberthiir that ellena is more likely to be a distinct
species, and I am treating it as such, till the examination of the genitalia in
comparison with those of hermione and alcyone shall have settled the question.

My Batna and Blida examples are considerably smaller than the Ain Draham
ones as a rule, but the Alger ones are intermediate.

6 Environs d'Alger, Captain Holl.

7 Blida les Glacieres, August 1906-1912, Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.
77 Environs de Batna, August 1912-1914, Nelva.

1 Aumale, August 1912, Faroult.

3 Ain Draham, July 1909-1912, Faroult.

The Tring series comprises 94 specimens.

44. Satyrus (Chazara) briseis major Oberth.

Satyrus briseis var. major Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. Fasc. I. p. 27 (1876) (Boghari).

We never found this insect, as it flies from end of June to October. In
fact the only two species of the larger Satyridae we have taken personally in
Algeria are Satyrus {Clmzara) prieuri, Pierret, and Satyrus (Eumenis) semele (Linn.),
as all the rest are on the wing later than the middle of June. It is true that
S. abdelkader latnbessanus Stdgr. flies in April and May, but we have only twice
been Ln its neighbourhood, and then failed to see it.

50 Environs de Batna, July — August 1908-1914, Nelva and TaLllefer.

45. Satyrus (Chazara) prienri Pierret.

Satyrus prieuri Pierret, Ann. Soc. Entom. Fiance, vol. vi. p. 304 (1837) (Bougie).

We have taken this insect at Ain Sefra in May, but it was only just com-
mencing to appear. Mr. Obsrthiir in 1909 remarks that he did not know this
species to have occurred outside the Province of Oran, and Mr. Harold Powell
only obtained it in that province. Dr. Nissen and Faroult, however, found it
abundant at Guelt-es-Stel. It does not appear to vary very much. The Trmg
series numbers 530 specimens.

10 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
10 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.
1 Les Pins, July 1915, Rotrou.
24 Smila, Oran, June 1914, Faroult.
295 Guelt-es-Stel, June— August 1913, Faroult.
118 Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.
69 Foret de Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.

The British Museum has 3 from Meade-Waldo. Mi-. Meade-Waldo gives
in his article Tizi Gourza, July 1901.

Miss Fountame gives Terney, near Tlemcen and Sebdou, July 1904.

,104 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917.

46. Satyrus (Eumenis) semele algirica Oberth.

StUyrus semele var. algirica Oberthiir, Etud. d'ErUmn. Fasc. I. p. 27 (1876) (Daya, etc.).

This insect appears to be extraordinarily abundant in some localities in
Algeria.

1 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.

2 Ain Sefra, May 1913-1915, W. R. and E. H., Faroult.
1 Ras Chergui, July 1915, Faroult.

7 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
37 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.

1 Abd-el-Kader, July 1905, Dr. Nissen.
70 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
370 Guelt-es-Stel, May— June 1913, Faroult.
41 Environs de Batna, 1912-1914, Nelva.

6 Lambessa, June 1912, Nelva.

The Tring series comprises 535 individuals.

The British Museum possesses 8 specimens : 1 Meade-Waldo ; 2 Algiers,
Leech coll. ; 1 Algeria, Crowley bequest ; 1 Lambessa, June 1885, L, Bleuse ex
Elwes coll.

Mr. Meade- Waldo gives in his article : Imentalla and Tsauritz Entsagauz,
July 1901.

47. Satyrus (Satyrus) powelli Oberth.

Satyrus powelli Oberthiir, Bull. Soc. Eniom. France, 1910, p. 333 (Djebel Amour).

This insect has hitherto been taken only in the Djebel Amour and at Guelt-
es-Stel. It varies much in size : the largest cj has the forewing 27 mm. in length
and a total expanse of 59 mm., and the smallest <J has the forewing 21 mm. in
length and a total expanse of 46 mm. The largest ? has the forewing 28 mm.
long and a total expanse of 61 mm., and the smallest ? has the forewing 23 mm.
long with a total expanse of 49 mm.

This species is also variable in other respects : in the males above, the ocelli
sometimes have a white central dot and sometimes not ; one very small <^ shows
no ocelli on the upper surface, and one rather large cj has the upper of the two
ocelli ringed strongly with bufif as in the ? ; two other <J<J have Iboth ocelli with
buffs rings. In the ?? the ocelli vary much in size, and I have two with enor-
mous black patches with buff rings in place of ocelli. Then in the ?$ the buff
rings vary also, and I have one 9 in which they have spread so much that the
outer half of the wing above is buff, as in mniszechi, and two or three others
more or less intermediate. It is curious, however, that although so variable
above, the hindwing pattern below is so very constant.
250 Guelt-es-Stel, September— October 1912-1913, Faroult.

3 Region d'Aflou, October 1911, Harold Powell.

[Satyrus hansii Aust. and Satyrus sylvicola Aust.

These two Satyrids are extremely puzzling and in consequence have been
treated in many different ways by those LepidoptcrLsts who have written about
them. The only final and reliable test will be when the genitalia of these insects
are studied comparatively with those of statilinus and fatua { = allionii).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 105

In the British Museum Mr. Elwe.s has himped all these insects together under
statilinus, which is absolutely WTong. Dr. Seitz, in his GrossscUmetterlinge der
Erde, places hansii as the Mauretanian representative of statilinus, and sylvi-
cola as that of fatiM ; but remarks in parenthesis that they are probably good
species, though our knowledge {i.e. really Dr. Seitz's) was too scanty to decide
this. One thing is certam, the larvae of hansii and sylvicola only show the same
differences as statilinus and fatiut, viz. the much larger head of hansii, but they
are otherwise as imagos so different, both from each other and the two forms
from north of the Mediterranean, that till we have dissected them I prefer to
treat them as distinct species, especially as sylvicola occurs in Algeria in several
distinct races.]

48. Satyrus (Satyrus) hansii Aust.

Saiyrus hansii Austant, Le Natvraliste, vol. i. p. 138 (1879) (Daya).

The Tring Museum has no specimens of this species. The British Museum
has 9 specimens : 5 Algeria, Crowley bequest ; 3 Mauretania, Grum-GrshimaUo
coll., ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Sebdou, 1880-1882, Dr. Codet ex Elwes coll.

Miss Fountaine records it from Sebdou, Jidy — August 1904.

49. Satyrus (Satyrus) sylvicola sylvicola Aust.

Satyrus sylvicola Austaut, Le Naluraliste, vol ii. p. 284 (1880) (Sebdou).

Tliis race is the darkest of the four races of sylvicola described from Algeria.

4 Titen Yaya, August 1915, Rotrou.
20 Les Pins, August 1915, Rotrou.

The British Museum has 9 specimens, all without data : 3 Mauretania, Grum-
Grshimailo coll. ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Algeria, purchased Janson ; 5 Algeria, Crowley
bequest.

49a. Satyrus (Satyrus) sylvicola oberthueri >ubsp. nov.

Satyrus sylvicola var. lamhessanusOhetth.\iT, Etnd. d'Entom. Comp. Fasc. X. p. 170 (1915) (Lambese).

Mr. Oberthiir gave to this race of sylvicola the r.ame lambessanus, but
Staudinger in Cat. Lepid. Palaear. Faung. Stdgr. and Reb. p. 58. No. 377 a. (1901)
gave to the Eastern race of Satyrus abdelkader the name of lambessanus, and
one cannot have two identical subspecific names in the same genus ; therefore
I rename this race oberthueri.

It stands exactly intermediate between «. sylvicola and s. cinerea.

95 Environs de Batna, August 1912-1914, Nelva.

The British Museum has 2 Environs de Batna, August 1910, Rev. A. E.
Eaton.

496. Satyrus (Satyrus) sylvicola cinereus Oberth.

Satyrus fauna var. cinerea Oberthiir, Bull. Soc. ErUom. France, 1907. p. 344 (Yakouren).

I do not possess this form, and possibly the only other man who may have
it besides Oberthiir is Dr. Nissen.

106 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

49c. Satynis (Satynis) sylvicola holli Oberth.

Satyrue sylvicola var. holli Oberthiir, Etud. de Lipid. Comp. Fasc. III. p. 275. pi. xvi. ff. 36-37
(1909) (Blida lea Glaciferes).

This race is much the smallest and palest found in Algeria. Several of
the specimens from Captain Holl are labelled " Environs d'Alger," but I beheve
he never got it elsewhere than at Blida.

29 Blida les Glacieres, August 1911-1912, Dr. Xissen and Captain Holl.

50. Satyrus (Satynis) fidia fidia (Linn.).

Papilio fidia Linnaeus, Syst. yat. edit. xii. vol. i. part ii. p. 770. No. 138 (1767) (Barbary).

This species occurs in three distinct races in Algeria. The typical fidia
fidia is very large, of a blackish slate-grey above with a bluish lustre ; in between
the ocelli on the forewing above are two largish white spots. On the under-
side the pattern is very strongly marked. The ocelli are hardly, if at all, marked
with yellow in the $ above.

2 Leila Kredidja, August 1907, Dr. Nissen.

11 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, August 1916, Faroult.

3 Oued Hamidou, August 1912, Faroult.
55 Sakamudi, August 1912, Faroult.

22 Ain Draham, Tunisia, September 1911, Faroult.
42 Envii-ons de Batna, August 1912-1914, Nelva.

The Batna specimens are slightly smaller than all the other typical fidia,
but cannot be separated from them.

The British Museum has 6 Mauretanian specimens : 3 Algeria, Leech and
Hewitson colls. ; 1 Constantine Hm. ex Elwes coll. ; 2 N. Africa, Salvin God-
man coll.

50a. Satyrus (Satyrus) fldia hebitis subsp. nov.

Mr. Oberthiir described his fi^lia tninor from Sierra Alta Albaracin, Spain^
and the figures (Etud. dc Lipid. Comp. Fasc. III. pi. cxxv. ff. 1108, 1109) show it
to be a very dark insect with no yellow round the ocellus of the ?. On the same
plate Mr. Ob?rthiir figures a much larger $ from Geryville, Sud Oranais, which
has large orange rmgs to the ocelli and is much paler ; this he also places under
his /. minor. There are in the Tring Museum 91 specimens from Guelt-es-Stel
which at once strike the eye as bemg very distinct from the large fidia fidia of
the coast regions. While being smaller than /. fidia, they are much larger than
Spanish /. minor, and are not only paler in colour, but appear much duller hi
shade ; these I propo.se to separate as a subspecies as above and include in it
the Geryville form.

3. Differs from /. fidia in being considerably smaller and above much paler,
more brownish, and much duller, the bluish lustre being entu-ely absent and
replaced by a dull bronzy wash. The two white spots between the ocelli are
much smaller and even absent in some specimens ; below the pattern is less
sharply marked, and the greys are less pure, more bro\vnish.

?. Differs above in being as a rule smaller and brownish mouse-grey, not
blackish slate-grey, while the ocelli have large yellow wings not found in coastal

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

107

/. fidia ; below they are very distinct, the whole forew uig being sufiused with
yellow and the hindwuigs bemg much browner in tint and the white veins being
much exaggerated. The size is very even, only two ?? being markedly smaller
than the rest.

Length of forewing. Expanse.

6" fidia fidui, 35 mm. ....... 74 mm.

(J fidia hebitis, 30 mm. ....... 64 mm.

(J fidia minor, 24 mm. . ...... 51 mm.

$ /. fi^lia, 38 mm. ........ 81 mm.

? /. hebitis, 26-35 mm 56-74 mm.

? /. minor, 24 mm. ........ 52 mm.

Habitat. Hauts Plateaux and southern chain of the Atlas of Provinces of
Alger and Oran (type ?, Guelt-es-Stel).

91 Guelt-es-Stel, August— October 1913, Faroult.

506. Satyrus (Satyrus) fidia intermedia, subsp. iiov.

This is the form of fidia from the Northern Atlas Range in the Province of
Oran.

(J differs from /. fidia in its much darker, almost black upperside without
blue lustre, smaller size, and smaller, often almost absent white spots between
the ocelli.

? differs in its smaller size, darker colour, and below in the very large and
strong yellow rings to the ocelli.

Length of forewing : (J 31 mm. ; ? 33 mm. Expanse : 3 66 mm. ; ? 70 ram.

Habitat. Les Pins, Sebdou (type 3, Les Pins).

14 Les Pins, Prov. Oran, August 1915, Rotrou.

Miss Fountaine found this insect at Sebdou, July — August 1904.

[Satyrus abdelkader Pierret.

Mr. Charles Oberthiir has published such an exhaustive history of this
famous insect, as well as such a wealth of observation and study carried out
by Messrs. Powell and Le Cerf , that nothing remains for me to say on the general
subject ; but I cannot help disagreeing with Mr. Oberthiir about some of his
conclusions in regard to the status of the three forms, abdelkader, lambessamis,
and nelvai.

IMr. Oberthiir says that he considers abdelkader and nelvai as forms of one
species, while he regards lambessanus as a separate species. In this I cannot
follow him at all, for among my Batna-Lambessa specimens are some <J(J uidis-
tinguishable from So from Titen Yaya in the Oranais. I consider all three
forms as snbspecies of a single species abdelkader, but I agree so far with Mr.
Oberthiir that I think lambessanus has become more differentiated from the
other two than they have from each other. It is most strange that while in
the Oranais abdelkader abdelkader flies in June and July, this same form at
Guelt-es-Stel flies in September and October. The form lambessanus flies in
April and May, while a. nelvai is on the wing from end of August throughout
September.]

108 NOV'ITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

51. Satyrus (Cercyonis) abdelkader abdelkader Pierret.

Salyrua ahddkadcr Pierret, Ann. Soc. Eiitom. France, vol. vi. p. 19. pi. i. ff. 5, 6 (1837) (Oran).

4 Sidi-bel-Abbes, Staudiiiger.
31 Titen Yaya, June — July 1915, Rotrou.
261 Guelt-es-Stel, September — October, Dr. Ni.-sen and FaroHlt.

The British Museum has 7 specimens of this form : 4 Algeria, Crowley
bequest ; 1 Algeria (Heyne), ex Leech coll. ; 1 Algeria purchased from Janson ;
I Sebdou, 1880-1882, Dr. Codet ex Elwes coll.

The Tring Museum series comprises 296 specimens.

Mr. Meade-Waldo in his article records this insect from Tizi Gourza, July
1901.

51a. Satyrus (Cercyonis) abdelkader nelvai Seitz.

Satyrns abdelkader nelvai Seitz, Soc. Entom. vol. xsvi. p. 49 cum. fig. rj? (1911) (Aures Mountains).

Dr. Seitz in above description states that the exact point whence the types
of this form were brought to Mr. Nelva was unknown. Mr. Nelva, who furnished
me with the four specimens I have, informs me, however, that his Arab "Chasseurs"
captured them on the Djebel Menaa. Mr. Harold Powell, who sent to Mi-.
Oberthiir several hundreds of this fine insect, states that it is comparatively
very rare on Menaa, and that its principal stronghold is the Djebel MetlUi and
the adjacent peaks to the west of El Kantara.

4 Djebel Menaa, Aures Mountains, Nelva coll.

The British Museum has no specimen.

51 6. Satyrus (Cercyonis) abdelkader lambessanus Stdgr.

Satyrus abdelkader var. lambessanus Staudinger, in Stdgr. and Rebel, Cat. Lepid. Palaear. Fanng.
p. 58. No. 377 a. (1901) (Lambeasa).

This form is now the best Icnown and the commonest in collections, for
very few entomologists go to West Algeria.

79 Envkons de Batna, April— May 1908-1914, Nelva and Taillefer.

The British Museum has 5 specimens : 1 Mauretania ! ! Grum-GrshimaUo
coU. ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Lambessa, Hewitson coll. ; 1 Lambessa, May 1882, J. H.
Elwes ; 1 Lambessa, 1875, R. Oberthiir ex Elwes coll. ,

52. Satyrus (Minois) actaea (Esp.).

Papilio actaea Esper, Schmett. vol. i. part ii, t. 57. ff. 1 a. b. (1780) (Europe?).

This species has only been recorded from Mauretania, and in his article he
gives Tsauritz Entsagauz and Tizi Gourza, July 1901.

5:5. Satyrus (Eumenis) atlantis Aust.

Satyrus atlantis Austaut, Int. Entom. Zeitsch. Guben, vol. xix. p. 29 (1905) (Tsauritz Entsagauz,
Meade-Waldo).

This species was unfortunately described a few months before Mr. Meade-
Waldo's article appeared from specimens collected by him, or rather by Mr.
Vaucher travelling with him ; so that his name moroccana must give way to
atlantis Aust.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 109

I have no specimens of this species, but I consider it is quite a distinct
species and not a subspecies of mniszechi.
The British Museum has no specimens.

[Grenus Satyrus. This genus in its conventional sense is very large and
unwieldy, and many authors have tried to split it up into several genera. In
1819 Hiibner in his " Verzeichnis bekanuter Schmetteuliuge " placed a number
of species of the famOy Satyrinae, which at the present time stand under Satyrus,
in three of his Coiti = genera, viz. Hipparchia, Minois, and Eumenis. W. F.
Kirby in his Catalogiie oj Diurnal Lepidoptera (1871-1876) has used Satyrus
Latr. (1810) for Hiibner's two Coiti Pararge and Dira, and has placed under
Hipparchia Fabr. a mixture of Hipparchia and Satyrus (conv.) and one or two
other things. Fruhstorfer has used Eumenis Hiibn. for a number of species,
and retains Satyrus for actaea, cordula, abdelkader, etc. Fabricius, who was the
first to establish Hipparchia, placed in it 119 species, of which he enumerates
10, the only ones now retamed in Satyrus being hermione and fauna. Satyrus,
established in 1810 by Latreille in his Considerations Generates, was used by
its author for a curious mixture ; he divided it mto two sections — Sect. I.
consistmg of Brassolidae Amathuriinae, etc., and Sect. II., which consisted of
Fabricius' genus Hipparchia. Passing over a number of other attempts at
reconstructmg the genus Satyrus, I wUl confine myself to the system adopted
in the British Museum. There the genus is divided up into 9 genera: Nythas
containing circe, hermione, and their allies ; Philareta, containmg anthe, etc. ;
Karanasa, with huebneri and allies ; Kanetisa, with digna ; Chazara, consistmg
of briseis and neighbouring species ; Eumenis, containing seniele, fidia, etc. ;
Minois, consisting of actaea and others ; and Cercyonis, consistmg of abdelkader
and its races. As at present these genera have not to my mind been sufficiently
established by careful anatomical study of all the elements composing them,
I prefer to place them in brackets after Satyrus, but this must not be under-
stood to mean that I consider them subgenera or that I acloiowledge subgenera.]

54. Melanargia galathea lucasi (Ramb.).

Arge lucasi Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lepidop. AvJal. p. 20 footnote (1858) (Bougie).

Mr. Oberthiir considers this form so distinct that it should be treated as
a distinct species ; I cannot see in it anj'thing more than a very well defuied
subspecies of galathea. In his article on Moroccan lepidoptera, Mr. Meade-
Waldo says he found this insect very abundant m the Great Atlas ; but of
course the insect collected by him was the following subspecies. He also men-
tions a very large and pale form ; this will be dealt with later on when I give a
list with criticisms of Mr. Meade- Waldo's JMauretanian material.

1 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
7 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

2 Environs d' Alger, Captg,m HoU.

7 Bei Bara, Gr. Kabylie, July 1910, Dr. Nissen.
35 Leila Ivredidja, July 1906-1912, Dr. Nissen.

1 Teniet-el-Haad, July 1905, Dr. Nissen.
152 Environs de Batna, May 1912-1914, Nelva.
25 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

110 NoviTATEs ZooT.ontrAE XXIV. 1917.

We never found this insect in the cast of Algeria except at Khenchela, and
in the west it was far from common.

The Tring series comprises 230 specimens.

The Britisli Museum possesses 10 individuals of this form : 5 Algeria,
Crowley bequest ; 1 Algiers (Heyne), Leech coll. ; 1 Lambessa ex Elwes coll. ;
3 Lambessa, June 1885, L. Bleuse ex Elwes coll. In addition to the above
10 specimens the Museum has 2 purchased from Heyne through Janson and
labelled " Morocco." They appear to me not to be lucasi and certainly never
came from Morocco.

Miss Fountaine records it from Teniet-el-Haad, Maj' and June 1904.

5to. Melanargia galathea meade-waldoi subsp. nov.

This form differs from g. lucasi by the black markings on the upperside
being much wider and more pronounced, thus bearing the same relation to
iucasi as procida does to galathea. It shows the same differences from procida
as lucasi does from galathea. Type S, Tamarouth.

1 "Maroc Meridional" ex coll. Bethune Baker.

2 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

The British Museum has 6 specimens, Meade-Waldo. Mr. Meade-Waldo
records Tsauritz Entsagauz and Imentalla, July 1901.

55. Melanargia syllius pelagia Oberth.

Melanargia syUiiis pelagia Oberthiir. Etud. Lepidop. Comp. Fasc. V. p. 188. pi. Ix. f. 547 (Sebdou,
Geryville).

We never came across this species, and Mauretanian examples are absent
from the British Museum collections. It is apparently a rare species in
Mauretania;

1 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.

2 Guelt-es-Stel, April 1913 ! ! Faroult.
23 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

56. Melanargia ines ines (Hoffm.).

Papilio ines Hoffmannsegg. III. Mag. vol. iii. p. 205 (1804) (nom. nov. pro Papilio Ihetis Hiibner,
Samml. Eur. Schmetl. vol. i. pi. 47. ff. 196-197 (1779) (nom. praeoc. Papilio thetis Rottenburg,
Naturf. vol. vi. p. 24. No. 11 (1775)).

This insect is one of the commonest Satyrids tliroughout Algeria, and my
series of 630 specimens is only the pick out of some 1,600-1,800 specimens
collected in Algeria during the years 1909-1914. Herr Fritz Wagner, Intern.
Entom. Zeitsch. G-uben. vol. vii. p. 111. cum fig. (1913), has described as ines
var. fathme, a series of ines taken by him at Tunis close to the seashore. He
characterises his supposed new form by stating that the black is strongly re-
duced, and tlierefore considers the insect to be intermediate between ines and
arge Sulz., which he consequently considers to be subspecies of one species.

Before considering the claims to distinction of jathme Wagn.. I must point
out here that Herr Wagner is in error concerning arg'e and its relationship to

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. Ill

ines. In ines the vein 1 along the abdominal area of the hindwing is single,
while in arge it is double, and forms a loop like in syllius Herbst., and in fact
I should at once say it was only a local race of that species if it were not for
the nervures on the underside being black instead of rufous as in syllius ; any-
how, it is certainly not a subspecies of ines. As to the distinctness of fathme
from ines, at first sight, and compared with most Algeiian and Spanish speci-
mens in collections, they are certainly much whiter, but when comparing a
series of 8 Tunisian specimens with 1,600-1,800 Algerian and 10 Spanish, I
confess that I cannot uphold the subspecific distinctness of the Tunis examples.
I find in the 1,000-1,500 Guelt-es-Stel specimens and in the El Kantara series
quite half which are as white as Tunisian specimens, though the Spanish ones
are certainly all dark, but not so dark as a number of Algerian ones. I there-
fore must reluctantly come to the conclusion that Herr Wagner's fathme can
only be considered as an aberration and must stand as ab. jathme Wagn.

It is quite otherwise with the form from the west coast of Morocco : this
form is quite as white as if not whiter than Herr Wagner's fathme, but it is not
small, like the Tunisian examples, but has developed to a gigantic size. This
is described further on.

The total series selected for the Tring Museum of Algerian and Tunisian
ines is 638.

3 Moroccan Frontier, May 1914, Faronlt.
65 Masser Mines, May 1914, Faroult.

4 Lalla Marnia, May 1914. Faroult.

12 Ras Chergui, Djebel Mekter, May 1915, Faroult.
50 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.
2 Berrouaghia, May (April ?) 1913, Faroult.
2 Boghari, May 1914 (April 1), Faroult.
374 Guelt-es-Stel, April— June 1913, Faroult.

1 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

2 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.

17 Djebel Kerdada, May 1912, Faroult.

74 El Kantara, May 1909-1911, W. R., E. H., and Cheli Brahim.
12 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.
14 Environs de Batna, May 1912, Nelva.
8 Environs de Tunis, April — June 1916, E. Blanc.

The British Museum has 8 specimens of this species : 2 Algeria, Elwes coll. ;
1 Oran, Elwes coll. ; 1 Constantine (Heine), ex Elwes coll. ; 4 El Kantara,
March 1902, Mrs. M. de la P. Nicholl and Lord Walsingham. Miss Fountaine
records it from Teniet-el-Haad, May — June 1904.

56a. Melanargia ines colossea subsp. nov.

(J ?. Differs from ines ines in the great reduction of the black pattern and
in its large size.

Length of forewing. Expanse.

ines ines (Spain), cj 23-27 mm., ? 26-29 mm. . . <J 50-58 mm., $56-62 mm.

ines ines (Algeria), ^ 22-27 mm., ? 24-27 mm. ' . cJ 48-58 mm., ? 52-58 mm.

ines ines (Tunis), (J 26 mm., $ 275 mm. . . . . cJ 56 mm., ? 59 mm.

ines colossea, cJ 30 mm., $ 33 mm. . . . . . <J 65 mm., ? 71 mm.

112 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Habitat. West Coast, Morocco (Mazagan, Tamarouth, Eabat, Mogador).
Type: ?, Rabat.

5 Rabat, 1914, A. Thery.

1 Orange Grove, Oum-er-Rebia, April 1901, E. H.
7 Mazagan, April 1902, W. Riggenbach.

1 Tamarouth, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

2 Morocco ? (Barrett coll., labelled Cape Colony).

The specimen from the Oum-er-Rebia collected by Mr. Hartert is absolutely
a freak, as it is the smallest ines I have seen, and evidently a starved dwarf ;
length of forewing 21 mm., expanse 45 mm. The British Museum has 3
specimens : 1 Mogador, Leech ; 2 Meade-Waldo. Mr. Meade- Waldo's o is a
melanistic specimen. In his article he gives only Tsauritz Entsagauz, July
1901 ; but the $ in the British Museum is labelled south of Estat.

57. Pararge maera meade-waldoi subsp. nov.

? differs from ? P. inaera m the fulvous orange of the forewuig being replaced
by deep rufous somewhat yellower round the ocellus ; and on the hindwmg
in the black of the ocellus bemg reduced and the white increased, while the
orange round ocellus is replaced by deep rufous.

Habitat. Tizi Gourza, 10,000 ft. (July 1901).

The British Museum has 1 specimen, the type of this description, from
Mr. Meade-Waldo.

58. Pararge megera megera (Linn.).
Papilio megera Linnaeus, Si/st. Nat. edit. xii. vul. i. part ii. p. 771. No. 142 (Austria, Danemarsb).

We found this insect widely spread in Algeria, but never very numerous.
The Tring series from Mauretania consists of 131 specimens.
1 Ouled Farsh, Morocco. May 1901, W. Riggenbach.
1 Mazagan, Morocco, June 1900, W. Riggenbach.
1 Truchan, Morocco, May 1901, W. Riggenbach.
4 Djebel Tixa, Morocco, March 1905, W. Riggenbach.
4 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, May 1914, Faroult.
14 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.
1 Nedroma, June 1914, Faroult.
1 Lalla Marnia, December 1914, Faroult.

1 Djebel Mekter, Ain Sefra, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.

2 Ras Chergui, May 1915, Faroult.

3 Titen Yaya, June — August 1915, Rotrou.

1 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

4 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

6 Environs d' Alger, AprU— May 1908-1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 Leila Kredidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.

4 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
13 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

1 Boghari, AprU 1911, W. R. and E. H.
25 Guelt-es-Stel, March— June 1912-1913, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 113

1 Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.

1 Djebel Kerdada. May 1912, Faroult. *
7 Biskra, April 1908, W. R. and E. H.

19 El Kantara, March— July 1908-1911. W. R., E. H., and Cheli Brahim.
12 Environs de Batna, May— June 1909-1914, A. Nelva.

2 Lambessa, June 1912, Nelva.

4 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

1 El Hamel, May 1912, Faroult.

3 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

2 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

The British Museum has 6 specimens of this insect : 2 Meade- Waldo ; 1
Mogador, Leech ; 2 Lambessa, April— May 1882, H. J. Elwes ; 1 Biskra May
1882, H. J. Elwes.

Mr. Meade-Waldo in his article says not abundant, but throughout the
year.

59. Pararge aegeria meone (Cram.).

Papilio meone Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iv. part xxvi. p. 51. t. cccxiv. ff. E. F. (1780) (Alger).

This insect is plentiful everywhere in the Tell and Atlas, but becomes rarer
on the " Hauts Plateaux," and it is only incidentally found along the edge of
the desert and ceases within 15-20 mUes of Biskra altogether. The form from
Mauretania is certainly brighter and more rufous in the <S, and the fulvous yellow
of the ? is more extended than in the typical aegeria aegeria from Southern
Europe. The series of Mauretanian examples at Tring consists of 148 specimens.

1 Ouled Farsh, near Mazagan, Morocco, May 1901, W. Riggenbach.

3 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.

8 Mazagan, Morocco, June 1900, W. Riggenbach.

3 Truchan, W. Morocco, May 1901, W. Riggenbach.

1 Rabat, 1914, A. Thery.

2 Tlemcen, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 Ras Chergui, May 1915, Faroult.

1 Ain Sefia, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

2 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.

2 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

46 Environs d'Alger, February— May 1908-1912, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 Leila Kredidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.

9 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
36 Hammani R'ihra, April— June 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 Guelt-es-Stel, June 1913, Faroult.

3 Djebel Kerdada, May 1912, Faroult.

3 Biskra, March 1908-1911, W. R. and E. H.

6 El Kantara, March— July 1908-1911, W. R., E. H., and Cheh Brahim.

2 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

3 Environs de Batna, 1909-1914, Nelva.

9 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

8

114 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

The British Museum has 14 specimens from Mauretania : 4 Meade-Waldo ;
5 ex Leech coll., Salvin Grodman coll., and Mr. Blackmore ex. Elwes coll. ;
1 Tetuan, Morocco, J. B. Fletcher, June 1901 ; 1 Philippeville, May 1882, H. J.
Elwes; 1 Constantine, April 1882, H. J. Elwes; 1 Algiers, Leech coll. Mr.
Meade-Waldo in his article has left this species out.

60. Epinephele lycaon mauretanica (Oberth.).

Satyrus eudora rar. mauretanica Oberthur, Etud. d'Eiitom. liv. vi. p. 58 (1881) (Sebdou, Lamb^ze).

We have never taken this insect ourselves.
22 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Kotrou.

1 Sidi-bel-Abbes, June 1915, Rotrou.
13 Guelt-es-Stel, May— June 1913, Faroult.

12 Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.

36 Foret de Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.

1 Djebel Kerdada, May 1912, Faroult.

4 El Kantara, June 1911, Faroult.

5 Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.
9 Lambessa, June 1912, Nelva.

53 Environs de Batna, June 1909-1914, Nelva.
The Tring series numbers 156 specimens. There are none in the British
Museum. Miss Fountaine records it from Teniet-el-Haad, June 1904. Mr.
Meade- Waldo in his article gives Tsauritz Entsagauz and Imentalla, July 1901.

61. Epinephele jurtina jurtina (Linn.).

Papilio jurtina Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit, x. vol. i. part ii. p. 475. No. 104 (1758) (Europe, Africa.
Type, Africa).

This species is fairly common everywhere in the Tell and Atlas, but gets
rarer m the " Hauts Plateaux " ; it does not reach the edge of the desert proper,
though it stUl occurs at Bou Saada, where a piece of desert runs into the " Hauts
Plateaux."

2 Rabat, 1914, A. Tliery.

3 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.
80 Masser ^Nlines, June 1914, Faroult.

13 Nedroma Oranais, June 1914, Faroult.

18 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
5 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

34 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.

19 Envhons d'Alger, May 1905-1912, W. R., E. H., K. J., and Dr. Nissen.
2 Foret de Bainen, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

5 Leila Kredidja, July 1908, Dr. Nissen.

1 Tala Rana, Gr. Kabylie, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.

1 Yakouren, July 1906, Dr. Nissen.

1 Foret d'Akfadou, July 1906, Dr. Nissen.

1 Palestra, May 1906, Dr. Nissen.

1 Beni Amran, June 1906, Dr. Nissen.

2 Sakamudi, August 1912, Faroult.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917, 115

3 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

67 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

4 Guelt-es-Stel, May — June 1913, Faroult.

8 Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.

2 Foret de Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.
2 Bou Saada, May 1912, Faroult.

5 Environs de Batna, 1908-1909, Nelva.
2 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

16 Hammam Mjskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

9 A'in Draliam, Tunisia, July 1911, Faroult.

6 Environs de Tunis, May— June 1915-1916, E. Blanc.

The Tring series comprises 312 specimens. The British Museum has 12
specimens : 5 Meade-Waldo ; 1 Collo, Constantine, Frey coll. ; 1 Mauretania !
Leech coll. ; 3 Philippeville, June 1882, H. J. Elwes (? dwarf) ; 1 Bone, J. Merkl,
June 1884, ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Lambessa, June 1884, J. Merkl ex Elwes coll.

Mr. Meade- Waldo in his article gives Klatsa, May 1901 ; Ras Doura, May
1901 ; Tsauritz Entsagauz, July 1901. Miss Fountaine records this species
from Teniet-el-Haad, June 1904.

62. Epinephele janiroides Herr. Schaeff.

Epinephele janiroides Herrich Schaeffer, Schmelt. Europ. vol. i. Tab. 111. ff. 533, 534 (1851) (?).

We only came across this insect on one occasion. The Tring Museum
possesses 57 specimens.

27 Foret de Bainen, near Alger, June 1908, W. R. and K.J. and Dr. Nissen.

1 Environs d'Alger, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
29 Ain Draham, July 1911, Faroult.

The British Museum has 10 specimens of this species : 4 Algiers, Frey coll.
and Crowley bequest ; 2 Mauretania, Staudinger ex Zeller coll. ; 1 Collo, . 1
Constantine, ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Bone, J. Merkl, June 1884, ex Elwes coll. Mr.
Oberthiir figures a large 9, Fasc. X. Etiul. d'Entom. Comp. pi. cclxxxvii. f. 2330,
length of forewing 27 mm., expanse 58 mm. ; my largest $ from Ain Draham
has a length of forewing of 30 mm. and an expanse of 64 mm.

63. Epinephele pasiphae philippina Aust.

Epinephele pasiphae var. philippina Austaut, Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p. 149 (1877) (Nemours).

The specimens of this form are very variable ; above, the 3S vary from one
with nearly the whole upperside rufous orange aiid the ocelli on both wings
obsolescent, to almost entirely fuscous brown, and the rufous orange on both
wings reduced to a narrow band while the ocelli are very pronounced, some
also have the rufous orange as if smoked and almost as brown as the ground
colour, and others have the rufous orange replaced by deep rufous ; below, there
is every gradation from a sharply defined narrow white band to the uniform
brown liLndwings of ab. tessalensis Aust. ; ?¥ show less variation above, but
the same variation below.

116 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

3 Hammam-bou-Grara, July 1914, Faroult.
510 Masser Mines. May — June 1914, Faroult.

21 Nedroma Oranais, June 1914, Faroult.

2 Nemours, Austaut (types of jiasiphae philippiiui).
1 Djebel Tessala, A\istant (type of ab. tessalensis).

1 Djebel Mekter, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.
6 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.
11 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
6 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

22 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

The British Museum has 3 specimens : 2 Oran, Dr. Codet ex Elwes coll. ;
1 ? ex. Leech coll. (labelled erroneously " Morocco ").

Miss Fountaine records this insect from Teniet-el-Haad, May 1904. The
Tring series consists of 586 specimens.

63a. Epinephele pasiphae pasiphae (Esper).

Papilio pasiphae Esper, Schmett. vol. i. part ii. t. 67. t. 4 (1777) (?).

There are four specimens of this form in the British Museum, onlj' all the
characters are exaggerated ; they are very large, and the white band on the
hindwings below is very wide and pure white.

Four Meade-Waldo. Mr. Meade-Waldo in his article gives EI Mediar and
Klatsa, May 1901, and states he never saw it in the south.

64. Epinephele Ida (Esper).

Papilio ida Esper, Schmett. vol. i. part ii. t. 92. f. 2 (1777) (?).

The Tell and North Atlas specimens have been separated as i. cecUia Val.
and the El Kantara specimens as lapidepeta Seitz, but as I have specimens from
various localities agreeing with both these and typical European specimens, I
do not consider these names to apply to anything more than aberrations and
that ida from N. Africa is the same form as ida from Europe.

The Tring Museum possesses 351 Mauretanian examples.

1 Ouled Farsh, Morocco, May 1901, W. Riggenbach.
127 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.

6 Hammam-bou-Grara, July 1914, Faroult.
48 Masser Jlines, June 1914, Faroult.

8 Nedroma Oranais, June 1914, Faroult.

3 Environs d' Alger, June 1908, W. R. and K. J. and Dr. Nissen.

3 Foret de Bainen, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
10 Leila Kredidja, July 1908, Dr. Nissen.

3 Sakamudi, August 1912, Faroult.

2 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

2 Haramam R'ihra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Bou Saada, July 1912, Faroult;
38 El Kantara, June 1911, Faroult and Cheli Brahim.
22 Envu-ons de Batna, June 1909-1914, Nelva.

27 A'in Draham, Tunisia, August 1912, Faroult.

28 Environs de Tunis, April— June 1915-1916, E. Blanc.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 117

We left Algeria always too early in the summer to be able to catch this
insect in any numbers. The British Museum has 9 specimens : 6 Meade-Waldo ;
1 Tetuan, Morocco, June 1901, J. B. Fletcher ; 2 Algiers, Leech coll. Mr.
Meade-Waldo in his article gives Tangier, September 1901 ; Rabat, May 1901 ;
and Tsauritz Ent.sagauz, July 1901. Miss Fountaine records it from Tlemcen,
July 1904.

65. Coenonympha areanioides (Pierret).

Satyrus areanioides Pierret, Ann. Soc. Bntoin. France, vol. vi. p. 306 (1837) (Oran).

This insect occurs in two seasonal forms, gen. vern. areanioides Pierret,
and gen. aest. holli Oberth. {Etud. Lipid. Comp. Fasc. IV'. p. 20 (1910) (Maison
Carree). The summer form holli Ls distinguished by the fulvous or rufous bemg
reduced, the general colour being darker and the insect much smaller.

gen. vern. areanioides.

15 Masser Muies, May 1914, Faroult.

5 Oran, April 1913, "w. R. and E. H.

4 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.
20 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 Bou Saada, May 1912, Faroult.

gen. aest. holli.

12 Environs d'Alger, July 1909-1910, Captaiji Holl and Dr. Nissen.
2 Leila Ki-edidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen.
42 Ain Draham, July— August 1909-1912, Faroult.

Dr. Seitz, believing the type of areanioides to have been a specimen of the
summer generation, renamed the spring generation major, but that not being
the case this name cannot stand.

The British Museum has 21 specimens of both seasonal forms : 7 Algiers,
Leech coll. ; 1 Algiers, October 1874, Hering ; 1 Phillipeville, April— May 1882-
1884, H. J. Elwes and J. Merkl ex Elwes coll. ; 3 ? ? ex Elwes coll. ; 1 Collo,
Constantine Frey coll. ; 1 Gibraltar, 1 Tangier, 3 Benzus Bay, Commander
Walker ex Salvin Godman coll. ; 3 Meade-Waldo. Mr. Meade-Waldo says in
his article that he only saw this insect in the north, and quotes Hawara, April
1901, and El Mediar, May 1901. The Tring series of both generations consists
of 103 specimens.

Coenonympha spec. ?

This 9 is a most curious insect, and I should at once describe it as new
only above it is exactly like a very pale areanioides. Below it differs very much :
the ground colour of forewing Ls orange not rufous, the buffy yellow line before
ocellus has become a broad band reaching to vein 2, and the costal region, apex,
and termen to vein 2 are greenish bufF ; there is also no metallic subterminal
line on either wing, only an indistinct silvery line of dots ; the ground colour
of the hindwings Ls bright golden olive tinged with brown not maroon washed
with dark olive ; the white band is washed with buff and very broad ; and the
ocelli are so minute as to be almost absent.

1 ? Foret del Akfadou, June 1906, Dr. Nissen.

J18 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. I'JIT.

66. Coenonympha dorus austauti Oberth.

Goenonympha dorus var. austauti Oberthur, Etud. d'Entom. lirr. vi. p. 59 (1881) (Xemours).

Mr. Oberthiir remarks that the ?? are as dark and highly coloured as the
(J(J. I have some certainly which are like (Jo in coloration, but also I find
there are quite as many females as pale and with the buff quite as much ex-
tended over the wings as in C. fettigii holU. Jlr. Oberthiir also remarks that he
does not know of any other examples in collections than those of I\Ir. Austaut
from Nemours. This is not wonderful, for no one has since then collected in
the coastal districts of Western Oranais till I sent Victor Faroult there in 1914.
63 Zoudj-el-Beghal. E. Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.
37 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

5 Nedroma, Oranai,'*, June 1914, Faroult.

The Tring series numbers 105 examples. The British Museum possesses
2 specimens: 1 Nemours, June — July. Austant. and 1 labelled "Algeria" but
also Nemours, Austant ex Elwes coll.

1 o at Tring is almost entirely pale buff on the upper surface.

67. Coenonympha fettigii fettigii Oberth.

Coenonympha fettigii Oberthur, Pet. Notn: Entom. vol. i. p. 412 (1874) (Oran).

We never found this msect or its eastern subspecies, for it appears later in
the year than we ever stayed in Algeria. It appears, moreover, to be very rare,
as we have received only 5 of the western and 15 of the eastern form at Tring
between 1908 and 1916.

1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

4 Les Pins, July — August 1915, Rotrou.

The British Museum has 7 specimens : 4 Meade-Waldo ; 2 Morocco, Leech
coll. ; 1 Sebdou, 1880-1882, Dr. Codet ex Elwes coll. Miss Fountaine records
this form from Sebdou, June — July 1904.

Jlr. Meade- Waldo in his article gives Imentalla, July 1901, and says that was
the only place he saw it at. One of the Les Pins specuuens is a curious aberra-
tion: the fulvous colour is replaced by dull deep rufous above; below, on the
hindwings all markings have disappeared except the submarginal metallic line,
and the colour is uniform olive «ood grey ; I propose to call this ab. infra-
simplex ab. nov.

All my 5 examples are ??.

67a. Coenonympha fettigii holli Oberth.

■Coenonympha fettigii var. holli Oberthur, Etud. Entom. Comp. Fase. IV>. p. 42. pi. xlvii. ff. 396, 397
(1910) (Blida les Glacieres).

I have nothing new concerning this insect ; but I should like to say that
I know of no previous record of this insect from the neighbouriiood of Alger ; all
hitherto recorded have been from Blida les Glacieres.

6 Environs d'Alger, 1908, Captain Holl and Dr. Nissen.

9 Blida les Glacieres, July — August 1912, Captain Holl and Dr. Nissen.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 119

OS. Coenonympha pamphilus lyllus (Esper).

Papilh lyllus Esper, Schmeit. vol. i. part ii. t. 122. f. 1 (1777) (?).

In the Mediterranean Region the form lyllus is the summer generation, the
spring generation being practically indistinguishcable from typical pamphilus.
It is a fact, however, that in typical pamphilus (type locality, Sweden) of North
and Central Europe, the form with sandy buif hindwings below never occurs ;
so that we must apply the name lyllus to the whole form from the Mediterranean
Basin, not merely to the third generation.

Mr. Oberthiir says he is much interested in pamphilus and its forms ; in
fact, he says that there is often much more of interest connected with very
common insects than with many very rare and high-priced species, I heartily
associate myself with him, and wish once more to insist that the only waj' to
study the Natural History of the various creatures in the world is not only to
try to collect specimens of each from the largest possible number of localities,
but also to get together as many as possible from each one of these localities.
Thus only shall we be able to determine not only the status of each species, but
also the various local races and individual aberrations, seasonal and sexual
differentiations, the effect of heat, cold, damp, or dryness, and the host of other
influences which determine the amount of variation within each species, Mr,
Oberthiir points out that in Algeria pamphilus even in February shows the grey
on the hindwings below slightly more washed with 3'ellow than in Central Euro-
pean examples. In June there is already a mixture of 'pamphilust-Y\k.e specimens
and true lyllus, as well as complete intermediates, while in July and August
only lyllus and intermediate specimens occur. The aberrations thyrsoides Stdgr.
and margi7iata Stdgr. occur most frequently in the $$s ; I have never come
myself across a 3 thyrsoides, though among Faroult's Masser Mines specimens
are several (J marginata.

The Tring series of Mauretanian examples of p. lyllus numbers 287.
1 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach.
1 Truchan, Morocco, May 1904, W, Riggenbach.

3 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.

26 Zoudj-et-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.

18 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

17 Tlemcen, April 1913, W, R. and E. H,

4 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou,
1 Les Pins, July 1915, Rotrou,

13 Oran, AprU 1913, W. R, and E, H.

5 Leila Kredidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen,

10 Hammam R'ihra, AprU— May 1908-1912, W, R,, E, H., and K. J.
1 Djebel Zaccar above MUiana, July 1916, Faroult.

1 Teniet-el-Haad, July 1905, Dr, Nissen,

2 Berrouaghia, AprU 1914, Faroult.
1 Boghar, July 1905, Dr. Nissen,

76 Guelt-es-Stei, April 1913, Faroult.

1 Puits Baba, May 1913, Faroult.

1 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult,

1 Bou Saada, May 1912, Faroult.
27 Khenchcia, May— June 1911-1912, W, R., K. J., and Faroult,

120 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917,

18 Batna, April— May 1908-1909, W. K., E. H., and Nelva.

5 Lambessa, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

8 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

3 Sakamudi, August 1912, Faroult.

2 Tizi Ouzu, June— July ? 1914, Faroult.

1 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

5 Hamman Meskoutine, April 19U, W. R. and K. J.

8 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.
18 Ain Draham, Tunisia, July 1911, Faroult.

The British Museum possess 15 Mauretanian examples of p. lylliis : 8 Meade-
Waldo ; 2 Lambessa, 1 PhUippeville, and 1 Batna, May 1882, H. J. Ehves ;
1 CoUo, Constantine Frey coll. ; 2 Kenchela, April— May 1906, Lord Walsingham.

Miss Fountaine records this form from Tlemcen and Sebdou, June — July
1904. Mr. Meade- Waldo says he found the spring brood (pamfhilus as he calls
it) in May in North Morocco and in March near Rabat, and the summer brood
(lyllus) in South Morocco and up to 10,000 ft. in the Great Atlas.

I break off here, because Mr. Bethune Baker has been workuig at Lycaenidae
and has made some important discoveries about Algerian species, which I want
to include. The next portion of this supplement therefore will commence the
Heterocera ; the Lycaenidae and Hesperidae will follow as soon as j\Ir. Bethune
Baker's paper is published.

The following two species were by an oversight omitted from their right
order —

69. Coenonympha vaucheri Blach,

Coenonympha vaucheri Blachier, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1905, p. 213 (Moroccan Atlas).

This species has only been taken by Mr. Meade-Waldo and Mr. Henri
Vaucher in the High Atlas of Morocco.

There are no specimens at Tring or in the British Museum.

Mr. Meade-Waldo obtained it on Tsauritz Entsagauz and Tizi Gcurza in
July 1901, but never below 8,500 feet, as recorded in his article.

70. Teracolus physadia (God.).

Pierisphysadia Godart, Encyclop. Method. Hist. Xat. Entum. vol. ix. p. 132. No. 40 (1819
{?1824)) (?).

The only record for this species is that of M. de Joannis, who informs us
it was taken by M. R. Chudcau in September 1905 at Oued-el-Ghessour (south

of Taman-Gasset) and Oued Kadamellet.

«

To avoid confusion I would state that where after Tring Museum specimen.s
the origin Staudinger is placed, it infers that the specimens were purchased
from Messrs. Staudinger & Bang-Haas of Dresden.

(To he continued.)

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 121

CHALCIDIDAE OF THE SEYCHELLES ISLANDS.
By L. MASI.
With an Appendix by J. J. Kieffer.
(75 Figures.)

[Note. — ^The material dealt with in this paper forms part of the collections
of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Western Indian Ocean in 1905
and 1908-9. The results of this Expedition have hitherto been published all
together in one work, consisting of certain special volumes of the Transactions
of the Linnean Society of London : five of these are already complete (Ser. 2,
Zool., vols, xii-xvi), while a sixth (vol. xvii) is in course of publication. Cir-
cumstances have, however, rendered it impossible for all the reports to appear
in the Linnean Society's publications, and it is owing to the kindness of the
Editors of Novitates Zoologicae that the report on Chalcididae is printed here.

With the exception of two specimens, the entire collection of Chalcididae
was obtained in 1908-9 in the mountainous granitic islands of the Seychelles.
In most of the groups of insects from those islands hitherto investigated, the
bulk of the species and specimens collected by the Expedition were taken in
the very peculiar endemic forests which remain in the highest mountains at
elevations between 1,000 and 3,000 feet, in which by far the greater part of
the collector's time was spent. Among the Chalcidids, however, a strikingly
large proportion was found among non-endemic vegetation at lower levels,
particularly in the narrow cultivated plains and small marshes which fringe
the coasts of the islands in certain places. The only Chalcidids taken in any
of the other archipelagoes visited by the Expedition are the two examples
referred to above, i.e. the types of Hockeria testaceitarsis Cameron, from the
coralUne Cargados Group, and of Stilbula insularis Cameron, from an atoll in
the Chagos Group : both are referred to below. A first set of the material,
including the types of all new genera and species, has been placed in the British
Museum. — Hugh Scott.]

INTRODUCTION.

The collection of Chalcididae described in this work was made by Mr. Hugh
Scott in the Seychelles Islands during the second half of 1908 and the early
part of 1909 ; it consists of nearly 550 examples, belonging to 69 genera and
93 species. The genera new to science are 22 in number, and the .=pecies which
I have been able to distinguisli as new are 77 * ; but there are 3 species of which
the determination is doubtful, and 7 that remain undetermined, either because

* The description and diagrams of one of the new species, Centrobia maheneis, vrere made some
years ago by Professor Dr. J. J. Kieffer. They have not previously been published, but now appear
in an appendix at the end of this work (p. 2.30).

122 . KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

they are represented by imperfect specimens or because they belong to genera
which seem to me to demand a complete revision. Six of the species were
cjrtainly known previously from other countries : they are Hockeria testaceitarsis
Cameron, discovered in the Cargados Islands (about 150 miles north-east of
Mauritius), Coccophagus eleapfiilus Silvestri, from the colony of Eritrea, MeUttobia
hawaiiensis Perkins, Tetrastichus hagetiowii (Ratz.), Euplectrus bicolor (Swed.)
Hal., and Encoini/s injelix Embleton.

Hitherto onlj- two species of Chalcididae were known from the Seychelles,
a Chalets and a Tetrastichus. The former was collected by AUuaud in 1892 and
was referred by Perez with some hesitation to Chalcis amenochs Walker ; it
does not seem to me to differ from the species which I describe below under
the name Chalcis sodalis. The Tetrastichus is T. hagenotvii (Ratz.), a parasite
of the eggs of cockroaches, very widely distributed ; it is represented in the
material under review by numerous examples, and the original types of the
species also came from the Seychelles.

Mr. Scott's collection, containing many new genera, and genera repre-
sented by a single species, forms the material for a valuable contribution to
our knowledge of the C halcididae, and I much regret having been unable to
illustrate all the forms in a suitable manner : those which are represented by
few examples, or by a single example, have not allowed of all their characteristic
parts being figured ; moreover, the condition of international relationships has
increased the difficulties of my study and prevented my making comparisons
with the types of certain forms.

The restricted nature of our knowledge of the Chalcidic'ae of the African
fauna, and our still more inadequate acquaintance with those of the Asiatic
fauna, do not at present admit of our drawing conclusions from the results of
ray work. There are in the collection three species \\hich are undoubtedly
common to the faunas of the Sej'chelles and of Europe, namely, Eucomys infelix,
Euplectrus bicolor, and Tetrastichus hagenomi ; the same appears to apply also
to two others. Tetrastichus inunctus (Nees) Thorns., and Leptomustix histrio
Mayr, but I am very doubtful as to the exactitude of the specific determination
of these latter.

I may here express my indebtedness and my thanks to all who have helped
me in this work, and especially to Messrs. Hugh Scott, of Cambridge University,
Waterston, of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology (at the British Jluseum),
Silvestri and Grandi, of the School of Agriculture at Portici, and Bouvier and
Lesne, of the Museum of Natural History at Paris. I may also express my
gratitude to the Editors of Novitates Zoologicae, who have permitted the
publication of mj' report in their well-known periodical.

Mused C:vico di Genova.
20<A September, 1916.

XOVITATES ZOOLOGTfAE XXIV. 1917.

123

Boll. Labor. Zool.

Fam. chalcididae.

SuBFAM. AGAONINAE.
Gex. Allotriozoon Grandi.

prt. e agr. Portici, vol. x. 1910. p. 182.

1. Allotriozoon seychellense, sp. n. (figs. 1,

Femina. Fulva, dorso et antennarum scapo plus minus obscurioribus,
papite brunneo-aeruginoso, vertice fronteque brunneis, flagello ultra dimidium
artieuli septimi infuscato, alarum nei'\'is brunneo-griseis.

Caput antice visum modice elongatum, latitudine dimidiam longitudinem
proportione 11:19 superante ; vertice setis paucis longis instrueto, oculis glabris,
diametro orbitali niaiore 2/5 capitis longitudinis aequante ; faciei area media
niarginibus fere parallelis limitata ; lobis oralibus submedianis apice extus
incisis ; lobi clypealis
parte prominente longitu-
cline latiore, lateribus
parallelis ; processu frontis
clypeo imposito acute
triangulari.

Mandibulae superne
bicostulatae, dente vali-
diore armatae, prope
huius basim denticulis in
margine orali circa 7,
minimis, instructae,
quibus 4 vix maiores in
dimidio basali dentis se-
quuntur ; processus lanii-
naris latitudine sua magis
quam septies longior,
latere interiore conspieue
dentato-spinoso, supcrficie
ventrali denticulis in serie
transversa 8-9, seriebus
denticulorum circa SO.

Scapus latitudine duplo longior, postice sat fortiter cuivatus, antice pilis
nonnullis instructus ultraque medium longitudinis brevi spatio recte marginatus.
Flagelli articulus tertius lobum formans conspicuum, apice rotundatum, quam
articulum praecedentem sesquilongicrem ; articulus quartus secundo fere
aequilongvis ; quintus et sextus latitudine sesquilongiores : Septimus brevier ;

* Nomenclatura, qua in descriptionibus utar, ab ilia Thomsoni (" Hymenoptera Scandinaviae")
parum diSerens, eadem est quae in descriptioiiibus meis jam ante editis. (Vide in Boll. Labor,
Zool. gen. e agr.^ Portici, vol. i. 1907. p. 231 — et Ann. Miiseo Civ. Oerrova, vol. vii. (3.) 1916. p. 55.)
Pars praeaxillaris mesonoti = mesonotum auctoruni quorundam, id est pars mesothoracis dorai
quae, scapularum sulcis carens, in scapulas et scutum non est divisa. Metanotum = prosoma, id
est tergitum segmenti primi abdoniinalis. Praestigma = proalarum subcostae pars ascendens,
quae nervum marginalem attiugit, quo a nervo stigmatico separatur. Xervus stigmaticus = n,
radialis.

^^..^v^^^""^

Fig, 1. — Allotriozoon seychellense, $.

1. caput ftutice visiim fx 35); 2, maudibulae (sino lamina) bitus dorsale(X 100);
3, antennae scapus et flagelli artieuli 1.-5. (X 88); 4, [iroalae nerri (X 50 — pili iii
superficie non delineati).

124

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Fig. 2. — Allotriozoon seyckellenae, $.

1, proala (x 17); 2, mandibula (X 58); 3, dentps laminae mandibularis ad
mediam huias loDgitadinem (x 112).

nonus et decimus, clavae pertinentibus, subquadrati ; ultimus praecedentc
fere duplo longior.

Proalae diiplam latitudinem longitudine vix attingeiites, angulo posteriore
late rotundato, fere truncato, margine externo subrecto ; celJuIa costali quam
nervo niarginali triplo longiore et huius longitudinem cum postmarginalis rudi-
mento simul sumptam duplo superante. Alae metathoracis latere postieo

angulum obtusissimum vix
rotundatum fingentes,

latitudine maxima ad
hamulos, banc fere quin-
tuplo longitudine super-
antes, scilicet proportione
9:2; pilis marginis an-
tici dimidio quam postici
brevioribus.

Tarsus pedum anti-
corum duplam tibiae
longitudinem superans
proportione 5 : 2, articulo
primo, itemque articulis
tribus sequentibus simul
sumptis, tibiae aequilon-
gis, his ultimis latere inte-
riore dimensis. Pedes postici tibia magis quam dupla eius latitudine longiore,
denteque apicali obtuso munita ; tarso duplam tibiae longitudinem superante,
articulo primo seeundo cum tertio, itemque tibiae, aequilongo.
Oviductus abdominis longitudinem aequans.
Long. 1,4—1,6 mm.
Mas ignotus.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate. — Silhouette : " Mare aux Cochons, about
1,000 ft. ; some of the specimens came to the lamp at night, in the hut where
I camped during part of August and September, 1908 " (H. Scott).*
Specimina tredecim, pauca integra.

Adn. Generi AUotriozoonti, quod Grandi (I.e.) nuper instituit, species duae,
eiusdem auctoris, A. prodigiosum et heterandromorphvm, pertinebant, quas
Silvestri in regionibus litoralibus Africae occidentalis septentrionalis invenit :
his species seychellensis nunc intermedia cjuasi accedit. prodigioso tamen affinior.
A quo praecipue differt capite minus angustato. lobo clypeali aliter formate
et A. heterandroviorpho similiore, mandibula sicut in hac specie uiicinato-dentata,
lamina mandibulari denticulorum seriebus minus numerosis, circa triginta,
instructa (in j/rodigioso 48-52, in heterandromorpho 20-22), proalis latioribiis

Gen. Blastophaga (Jravenliorst.
(Kradibia Saunders.)
2. Blastophaga, sp.

FemiTW. Piceo-brunnca, antcnnis, pectore pedibusque flavo-griseis, alis
decoloribus at parura diaphanis. ncrvis brunneis ; prcnoto grosse, confertim,
* See Trane. Linn. Hoc. xiv. 1910, bottom of p. 26.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

125

punctato, pilosulo ; oviductu dimidiam abdominis longitiidinem fere aequante.
Long. 1.4 mm.

Specimen iinicum ad Mahe captum (Mare avix Cochons). Antennarum
articuli usque ad quinttim tantum extant.

Adn. Specie.s haec. cui propter colorem et nervum postmarginalem valde
elongatum, similitude est quaedam Kradibiae cowani Saund., non amplius
describere potui, quum sit specimen imicum. antennarum flagello toto carens,
corpora deformato.

Gen. Crossogaster Mayr.
3. Crossogaster atratus, sp. n. (fig. 3).

Femina. Nigra, nitida ; oeulis nigro-brunneis ; scapo ac pedicello fulvis ;
funiculo cum clava, subcostae parte ascendente, nervo marginali et stigmatico
versus apicem, flavo-fuscis ; nervi marginalis basi, stigmatici parte angustiore
et alarum lamina hyalinis ; metanoti margine postico, pedibus cum coxis, ab-
dominisque latere ventrali, fulvis ; abdominis dorso leniter cupreo, basi subviridi ;
oviductu nigro.

Caput antice visum subquadratum. latitudine longius propcrtione 21 : 19,
ad OS paullum minus quam in vertice latum, angulis, praecipue inferioribus,
rotundatis, ocelUs externis spatio duplo quam ab
ocuUs inter se remotis, genis sulco impressis
raargini laterali capitis parallelo, clypeo retracto,
1/3 faciei latitudinis aequante, extus recte ter-
minato, in medio margine inciso. Faciei super-
ficies punctis nonnullis sparsim impressa.

Antennae in linea oculari ad mediam capitis
lougitudinem insertae, scapo ocellum baud at-
tingente, pedicello triplo longiore quam latiore,
anneUo minimo. articido primo funiculi fere an-
nuUformi, quam sequentibus dimidio breviore,
his aequalibus, vix tran.sversis, dimidiam pedi-
celli longitudinem aequantibus, clava quam
articufis duobus praecedentibus paullum longiore,
distincte in articulos tres subaequales divisa.

Thorax capite longior proportione 9 : 7, vix angustior, depressus, pihs
nonnullis perlongis instructus quam verticis magis eloiigatis ; scuto 2/5 thoracis
latitudinis hand longiore ; sulcis scapularum et axillarum vix conspicuis ; scu-
tello semielliptico, quadrisetoso, eius margine anteriore quam posteriore scuti
parum latiore ; dorsello arcuato lineari ; metanoto baud brevi, medio sulcato ;
metapleura subtiUter sulcato-reticulata, callo parce at longe pilosulo.

Proalae postcosta 4-5-setosa, nervo marginali islurisetcso baud tenui,
latitudine 1/8 longitudinis aequante, quam cellula costali breviore proportione
3 ; 8, quam nervo stigmatico fere duplo longiore ; hoc subarcuato ; post-
marginali fere nullo ; lamina linea obliqua pilorum, ad medium nervi stigmatici
ineipiente, in partem basalem glabram et apicalem parce pilosam divisa.

Femora antica et postica aequaliter dilatata ; tibiae iJosticae prope calcar
spina brevi, crassa, instructae.

Abdomen, praeter oviductum, paullum thorace longius, baud angustius,

Fig. 3. — Crossogaster atratus, $.

1, caput antice visum; 2, idem de latere;

3. ala anterior; (x 27).

126 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917

latitudine fere duplo longius, ellipticum, depressiim, segmentorum marginibus
dorsalibus aspectu crenulatis et medio hand profiinde angidatim incisis ; valvida
ventrali setosa ; oviductu hand curvato, 2/9 abdomini.s longitudinis aeqiiaiite.

Long. 1,9 nini.

Habitat. Mahe : "among scrubby endemic forest vegetation, at top of
Mount Sebert, nearly 2,000 ft. i.-1909," ubi Pandani frcquentes.

Specimen unicum.

Adn. Huic generi duae .species pcrtinebant, C. trifonnis !Mayri et C. silvestrii
Grandii, ilia in Sokotra insula, haec in Senegal inventa et ab auctore nuper
descripta {Boll. Labor. Zool. gen. e agr., Portici, x. 1916. p. 253). C. triformem a
specie seychellensi facile dignoscas capite thoracecjue obscure viridibus, ab-
domine fere toto brunneo, flageUi articulo tertio sequentibus conforrai, oviductu
longiore. C. silvestrii praecipue differt corporis colore castaneo-fidigineo,
capite, antice inspecto, ad os angustato, pedicello crassiore, nerve stigmatico
magis attenuato, oviductu breviore.

SuBFAM. TORYMINAE.

Gen. Sycoryctes Mayr.

4. Sycoryctes sebertianus, sp. n.

Femina. Aenea, thoracis lateribus et capite leniter auratis, hoc infra anten-
narum radiculas pallide flavo, vertice subviolaceo ; thoracis dorso cuprescente ;
terebrae valvis nigris ; scape obscure aeneo, fiagello nigro-bnuineo ; coxis
atque fenioribus fuscis, tarsis omnibus tibiisque anticis totis fulvis, tibiis po-
sterioribus basi fulvis versus apicem sensim infuscatis ; vertice transversim
strigoso ; antennis ab ore 1/4 capitis longitudinis reniotis, scapo ocelhim attin-
gente, pedicello conico, latitudine vix longiore, annello brevissimo, funiculi
articulis aequilongis, prime quani pedicello parum crassiore, aeque lengo atque
late, ultimo longitudine latiore proportione 5 : 3, clava distincte triarticulata,
articulis duobus praecedentibus aequilonga ; mesonoti parte praeaxillari minute
reticulata, pronoto atque scutello etiam magis minute insculptis, epistemis
laevibus, politis, nietapleura subtiliter, confertissime, transversim striata.

Long. 2,6 mm., oviductus 3 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : "from scrubbj- endemic forest vegetation at sumn:it of
Mount Sebert, about 1,800 ft., i.-1909." ■

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Podagrion Spinola.
5. Podagrion terebrator, sp. n. (fig. 4).

Femina. Capite thoraceque viridibus, oculis oeellisque rufo-brunneis, genis
frontecjue plus minus auratis, mesothoraeis lateribus pro parte cyaneis. meta-
pleura, coxis posticis, feniorum posticorum latere intcriore, abdominis latere
dorsali, obscure cyaneo-viridibus, parte reliqua abdominis, pedibus anticis
mediisque, femoris postici basi et apice, antennarum scapo et pedicello, fulvis,
hoc ultimo fusco-maculato, funicule flavo-brunneo, clava fusca, proalis fere
limpidis, nervis fuscis, tegulis brunneis.

Caput minute reticulatum, areolis temporum maioribus. Annellus duplo
latior quam longior ; funiculi articulus primus latitudine sua fere sesquilongior,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

127

Fig. 4. — Podagrion terebrator, $.

1, antenna (x 27); 2, femur posticum de

latere interiore inspectum (x 23).

sequentes sensim crassiores atque breviores, ultimi duo tamen aequilongi, articulus
quintu.s quadratu.s, sextus longitudine parum latior, Septimus huius latitudinem
conspicue superans. Clava longitudinem articulorum quinque praecedentium
aequans, de supra inspecta quam articulus sextus latior.

Mesosternum et mesopleura strigis notata reticulum formantibus, in parte
posteriore mesopleurae fere obsoletum. Meta-
pleura subtiliter reticulato-sulcata, prope latus
ventrale anteriusque areolis minoribus, sulcis
fortius impressis limitatis, insculpta. Metanotum
carinis duabus ex puncto medio anteriore diver-
gentibus, ramulos duos emittentibus jjarallelo.s,
quorum externus ad partem lateralem, internus
ad dorsalem abdominis basis, desinentes.

Femur posticum longitudine duplam altitu-
dinem paullo superans (proportione 20 ; 9) denti-
bus circa septem munitum.

Segmentum abdominale primum laeve, secundum sparsim atque minutissime
punctatum, tertium et quartum sulcis tenuissimis minute reticulata, quintum
sculptura etiam reticulata, at areolis transversis.

Long. 3,5 mm., oviductus 3 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate, etc. — Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons.
"At elevations of about 1,000 ft."

Specimina quatuor.

SuBFAM. CHALCIDINAE.
Gen. Chalcis Fabricius.
6, Chalcis lepida, sp. n. (fig. 5).

Femina. Nigra, scapo rufo-brunneo versus apicem lutescente, pedicello
obscure luteo, funiculi articulis ultimis, clava pro parte, labro et mandibulis
rufis ; interdum his partibus totis nigris. Femora antica dimidio basali vel
fere tota, intermedia praeter apicem, plus minus nigricantia, reliquo spatio
lutea ; tibiae anteriores fere omnino luteae vel rufae, interdum nigrae ; femur
posticum apice extus luteo, vel rufo et luteo maculato ; tibiae posticae latu.s
exterius, praeter partem tertiam basalem et maculam apicalem lateri posteriori
propinquam luteas, grisescenti-rufum, saepius tamen in tertio medio nigrum,
latus anterius semper nigrum, interius rufum et basi interdum flavescens. Tarsi
flavo-albidi, apice brunnei. Tegulae flavae. Alae limpidae, nei'vis fuscis.

Altitudinis capitis ad latitudinem proportio 7 : 10, latitudinis frontis ad
capitis 1 : 2. Oculi magni, valde convexi, ex latere inspecti ovales, lati, dia-
metro verticali spatium interorbitalem fere aequante. Ocelli posteriores ab
anteriore magis quam ab oculis remoti. Carina praeorbitahs praesens. Faciei
alveoli contigui, quam dorsi minores. Antennae nonnihil sub linea oculari
insertae, a clypeo parum remotae ; flagello altitudinem capitis longitudine vix
superante ; annello bene discreto, duplo latiore quam longiorc ; funiculi articulo
prinio latitudine sua sesquilongiore, 4. et 5. quadratis ; clavae articulo secundo
quam primo maiore, aeque longo atque lato, apice obtuso, saepe post mortem
immerso.

Thorax brevis, altus, de latere inspectus dorso piano, scuteUo vix prominente^

128 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1017.

raetanoto dimidio angulo recto decli\'i. Seutelli margo apicalis integer. Meta-
thoracis latera liaud dcntata ; inetapleurac aiitice linea verticali liniitatae.
Alveoli dorsi, praecipue super scutum, baud eontigui, in din.idio posteriore
seutelli sensiiii versus apicem maiores ; spatia interposita scabra.

Femora secundi paris pedum item atque prin i ad medium crassiora.
Femora postiea fere duplo longiora quam latiora, interne tuberculo instructa,

margine ventrali dentibus decern vel duodecim,
apicc obtusis, munito, quorum sex primi spatio
inter se remoti eorum latitudincm aequante, pri-
musque ceteris maior ; superficie interna externaque
baud nitidis, hac quum satis vitro aucta, sulcis
subtilibus minutissime reticulata, in angulis reticuli
punctis satis conspicuis impressa, sat dense pilosula.
■ ■ '* '^ ' "' Coxae posticae superficie externa nitida, lineolis

Femur posbicum (x 27).

tantum sulcata subtilibus. undulatis, quibus reticu-
lum eflficitur ; superficie inferiore crebre foveolis rotundis impressa. quarum
distantia ipsarum diamctrum paullum superat.

Abdominis segmenta praeter basale minutissime granulosa, punctis pibferis
sparsis ; tergitum sextum foveis rotundis fere totum insculptum. Pili in
segmentis 3.-6., nee non in lateribus segmenti secundi, frequentes.

Long. 3-3,5 mm.

Mas feminae simiUs.

Habitat. " Seychelles, mostly from cultivated country at low elevations.
Silhouette : coconut-planted coast at Pointe Etienne, ix. 1908. — Mahe : from
Port Victoria and other localities in the low country, also from Cascade Estate
at 1,000 ft. — Anonyme Island (a cultivated islet near Mahe). — Dennis Island
(an outlying coral-island)."

Specimina : $$ quindecim, cJ unus.

Adn. Diagnosin invenire cpiae huic Ghalcidi bene conveniat iitqueo, quare
]5ro nova habeo. Species femorum posticorum colore atque sculptura scutelUque
apicc non inciso siniilis est Chalcidi vicinae Walk., at differt femorum denticulie ;
colore autem speciei cuidani syriacae, ineditae, accedit, nee non Chalcidi quam
dr. Mori Gassidae vittatae parasitam in Italia invenit.*

7. Chalcis sodalis, sp. n. (fig. 6).

Chalcis amenocles P6rez, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. vol. Ixiv. 1895. p. 211, 212 [jorte].

Femina. Nigra, scapo in dimidio inferiore grisescenti-luteo macula alba
oblonga notato ; proaUs baud infumatis, subcosta usque ad praestigma grisea,
nervis reliquis brunneis ; pedibus nigro. albo et rubro variis ; femoribus anticis
in dimidio basali, mediis fere totis, nigris, colore hoc ab albido partis rehquae
linea obliqua distincte separato ; tibiis anticis in tertio medio vel paullo an^plius
rufis, parte basali et apicali albis linea niarginis anterioris etiam alba coniunctis ;
tibiis secundi paris in tertio medio nigris. reliquo spatio albis ; pedibus posticis
coxis nigris, femoribus rubris, horum macula apicali alba 1/4 longitudinis occu-
pante, tibiis albis, in tertio medio fere toto et basi nigro-maculatis, vel in his
partibus rubris, in latere anteriore nigris ; tarsis omnibus fid'V'is, apice fuscis,
tegulis et pilis albis.

* In feraoria figura dens quartus structura anomala duplicatua apparet.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 129

Caput carinis genali, praeorbitali atque teniporali continuis, faciei dimidio
inferiore geni.sque dense argenteo-pilosis, spatio frontis inter orbitam et foveam
antennaleni articulum primum funiculi aequantc. Articulus hie et sequens
quadrati, Septimus longitudine sua fere duplo latior. Flagelli pili frequentes,
in latere ventrali articulorum baud longiores.

Tborax sat robustus. Scutellum apice bilobatum. Metathorax de latere
inspectus dorso paruni declivi, dente latorali posteriore modice elevato, obtuso.
Epicneniia juxta latus anterius seriatim alveolata, reliquo spatio laevia.

Sculptura capitis dorsique praeter scutellum et dimidium seuti apicale,
minuta, foveolis confertis constans ; scuti pars dimidia posterior et scutellum
totum foveolis notata magnis, interdum inaequalibus, nee satis contiguis.

Coxarum posticarum latus inferius fortiter punctatum, foveolis minora
spatio quam ipsarum diametro inter se remotis. Femoris postici longitude
duplam eius altitudinem vix aequans ; superficies externa minute reticulato-
sulcata, profunde punctulata ; denies 10-11, quorum
sex primi longiusculi, acuti, 3., 4. et 5. spatio eorum
altitudinem baud superante inter se remoti, tres,
vel quatuor, ultimi parvi, coalescentes.

Abdominis segmentum primum pobtum, seg-
menta reliqua confertim et minute reticulato-
squamosa ; tersitum sextum foveolis insculptum

. , ^. n . • 1- 1 -.L ,• 1- Fia. 6.— Chalets aodalie, Q.

inter se remotis, quarum S-i in iinea ionsitudinaJi _ ,. , „,

' ^ o Femur posticum (x 16).

numerantur. Segmentum secundum pilis paucis

ornatum, tertium et sequentia pilis, praecipue in lateribus, numerosis.

Long. 5,5 mm.

Mas. Pedibus anticis meciisque magis quam in femina iiigro pictis, tibia
antica in latere externo nigro-maculata, apice flavo-brunnea ; femoris postici 2/3
anterioribus nigro-maculatis ; abdominis tergito sexto confertim foveolato, stern-
itis coxisque aeque punctulati?, sternito secundo inter foveolas minute granuloso.

Long. 3,5 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade E.state. — Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons. "At
elevations of about 1,000 ft."

Adn. Haee una est ex multis Chalcidum speciebus nigro, rubro et albo
pictis, Africae pertinentibus, quae, meo judicio, non possunt dignosci nisi femoris
postici altitudo ac longitudo, huiusque et tergiti sexti sculptura examinentur ;
quod auctores in eis describendis neglexerunt. Specimen seycliellense ab Alluaud
apud Mahe captum, a Perez Chalcidi amenocli Walk, non sine haesitatione
relatum, quod ex Museo Parisiensi dr. Bouvier mihi liberaliter misit, cum mare
nunc descripto comparavi et eidem speciei attribuendum aestimavi, quamquam
maiori statura, femoribus posticis baud nigro-maculatis, anterioribus veio
usque ad 1/3 apicalem nigris, differret.

Specimina duo ??, unum S-

Gen. Anacryptus Kirby.

(Chalcitella West wood ?).

8. Anacryptus insidiosus, sp. n. (fig. 7).

Femina. Castaneo-rufa, brunneo et nigro varia, oculis brunneis, alis hyalinis,
nervis pallide flavo-griseis. Plerumque his partibus nigricantibus : occipite,
9

130 NOVITATES ZoOLOGirAE XXIV. 1017.

scuto et scutello, scapulis totis vel tantum prope scutum, axilli.s, mesothoraeis
lateribus, metapleurae parte inferiore, metanoto, coxi.'^ posticis superne. petiolo
et abdominis dor.so. Tegulis, genubus anterioribus. interdum pedibus anteiic-
ribus totis, scapo punctoque in parte postica metapleurae, obscure luteis ;
funiculi articulis, nee non elavae articulo primo, apice nigro-annulatis. rare clava
tota et funiculo fere toto nigris.

Caput aeque longum atquo latum, facie Icnitcr convexa, scrobe fere nulla.
Antennae flagello quam scapo fere duplo longiore, hcc 2/3 capitis Icrgituc'inis
aequante, annello quadrato, funiculi articulo primo quam annello duplo latiore,
reliquis longitudine parum latioribus, clava apice acuto. Icngitudine articulos
2J praecedentes aequante ; sensillis articulis aequilongis.

Dorsum pilis subtilioribus ornatum, scuto superficie tota alveolate. Scu-
tellum apice rotundato-truncato. Metapleura alveolis impressa contiguis, magnis,
fundo seabris, forma hexagona vel pentagona, pilis instructis eorum diametro
aequilongis.

Coxarum posticarum latus dorsale fere totum transverse et concinne strigu-
losum, strigis interdum confluentibus, extus et in parte basali foveolis magnis
rotundatis impressum ; latus exterius toto spatio foveolis
notatum rotundis, aequalibus. Femora antica sub-
clavata, intermedia dimidio basali ctiam magisattenuata,
dimidio apicali conspicue incrassata.

Petiolus scapo aequilongus, 2/3 coxarum longitu-

dinis vix superans, dimidium abdominis fere aequans,

in latere superiore niinutissime sulcato-reticulatus et

Fig 7 —Anacrupius carina instruetus longitudinali mediana parum conspicua,

inaidioaus, ?. carinis submedianis fere obsoletis ; de latere inspectus

Femur posticum cum tibia Carinas quinque ostendens.

Abdomen altitudine 3/5 longitudinis aequans, seg-
mento primo 4/5 totius longitudinis occupante, superficie niinutissime et con-
fertim punctulata.
Long. 3-4,5 mm.
Mas feminae similis.

Habitat. Mahe : Ca.scade Estate ("at about 1,000 ft.").
Specimina duodecim.

Gex. Hockeria Walker.
9. Hockeria fulvipes, sp. n. (fig. 8).

Femitia. Nigra, capite thoraceque subnitidis, abdomine nitido ; antennis
usque ad articulum secundum funiculi, tegulis ac pedibus praeter eoxas, fulvis,
parte reliqua flagelli nigra apice grisescente ; proalis flavo-griseis, macula albida
antice mox pone nervum stigmaticum ornatis, pcnc 2/5 longitudinis usque ad
1/5 apicalem fuscis, spatio hoc tamen versus marginem posticum minus obscuro ;
metapleura inferne et metanoto versus apicem pilis albis, sericeis, sat longis,
instructis ; pedum posticorum coxa interdum apice rufa, femore praeter bnsim
et latus dorsale plus minus nigricantc, tibia in latere anteriore nigra.

Capitis longitude 3/4 latitudinis aequans, latitude frontis diametro maiori
brbitarum aequilonga. Oculi glabri. Ocelli ab oculis distantes spatio quam
eorum diametro paullo maiore. Lobus inter antennarum insertiones com-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 131

pressus semicircularis, conspicue prominens. Forma capitis ex latere inspeeti
ovata, crassitie longitudini orbitae aequilonga. Genae hand curvatae, vestigio
carinae longitudinalis. Sciilptura totiu.s capitis foveolis constans contiguis.
Fovea antennalis 1/3 frontis occupans, fundo ininutissime .sulcato-reticulato,
areolis transversis. Scapus hand robustus, subrectus, vix perspicue reticulatus,
in dimidio basali niinime incrassatus, apice leniter compresso-dilatatus ; pedi-
callus latitiidine magis quam duplo longior ; annellus vix longior quani latior
et longitudine dimidiuni pedicelli aequans ; funiculi artieulu.s primus pedicello
aequilongus, ceteri gradatim breviores, Septimus latitudine sua parum longior,
quam clava fere duplo brevior ; haec articulis constans tribiis subaequalibus,
vix discretis.

Scutelli pars postaxillaris in dimidio anteriore marginibus acutis rectis
parallelisque limitata, in posteriore margine etiam acuto, semicirculari, apice
dentibus duobus plus minus obtuse triangularibus munito. Sculptura dorsi
foveolis constans satis regulariter ordinatis, interstitiis angustis separatis ;
superficies tota sulcato-reticulata, sulcis foveolanim fundum et interstitia occu-
pantibus. Metathorax lateribus omnino inermibus, metanoti area mediana
rhomboidaU valde elongata, eiusque partibus externis reticulato-rugosis, rugis
versus costam transversam anteriorem crebris, obliquis, areolas elongatas
limitantibus. Epicnemium margine anteriore et posteriore nitidis ; spatium
reUquum mesothoracis lateris in parte superiore foveolis nonnuEis rotundatis
ante marginem metapleurae impressum, in parte inferiore laeve, nitens.

Pedes baud robusti. Femur posticum crassum, longitudine duplam frontis
latitudinem aequans, altitudine dimidiam longitu-
dinem suam paullum superans, dentibus parvis
munitum, primo nonnihil post medium promi-
nente, altero huic mox sequente fere obsoleto.
Tibiarum posticaruni diametrus apicalis 1/3
femoris altitudinis aequans. Tarsi postici robusti,
articulo primo quam secundo baud longiore.

Petiolus longitudine latior. ^'''- »--"<"'''"^ /»'"P". ?•

Femur poaticmn (x 40).

Abdomen ellipticuni, apice acummato, seg-
mento basali 1/3 longitudinis occupante, reliquis minutissime reticulatis, areolis
subrotundis.

Long. 2,3-3 mm.

Mas. Scapo, pedicello, annello. trochanteribus tarsisque, sicut in femina,
fulvis, funiculo et clava ochraceo-griseis, tegulis, coxis niediis, coxarum posti-
carum apice, petiolo et abdominis segmento basali nigro-ferrugineis, femoribus
tibiisque praeter extremitates nigris, proalae area fusca et macuUs albidis fere
obsoletis. Oculi glabri. Lobus antennarum insertiones dividens minus con-
spicuus. Flagellum crassum, valde elongatum. retrorsum flexum, abdominis
medium attingens, pedicello cyathiformi, annello brevissin;o, funiculi articulo
primo orbitis aequilongo, ceteris vix conspicue gradatim longioribus, clava
indivisa et longitudinem pracclavae parum superante. Scutellum extreme
apice obtruncatum. Mesopleurae spatium ante metapleuram, inferius minute
et parce punctulatum. Coxae intermediae squamula curvata apicali antice
instructae (an etiam femina ?), coxae posticae dente lateris dorsalis destitutae.
Femur posticum sculptura reticulata minuta fortius impressa, dentibus etiam
minus quam in femina conspicuis, anteriore mediae longitudini n.iiius propinquo.

132

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Abdominis petiolus ir.aior. do .'^upra inspcctu.s quadratus, de latere fere aeque
altiis atque longus et in liniite posteriorc iviagis quam in anteriore obliquo.
Abdomen segmento basali dimidiara longitiidinem arcii sen icirculari margii.is
.superante et tertiam partem posticam totius longitudinis attingente ; segmento
secimdo margine apicali minus curvato, item atqne sequentibiis sparsim et
minute punctulato.

Habitat. " Silhouette : from low coconut-planted country at the coast
(Pointe Etienne), and from Mare aux Cochons at about 1,000 ft. — Mahe : from
stunted endemic foi'est at summit of Mount Sebert, about 1,800 ft."

Specimina duo ??, unum o-

10. Hockeria testaceitarsis fameron (fig. 9).

Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. xii. 1907. p. 86.

Species a praecedente praecipue differens corporis colore plerumque minus
obscuro, antennis feminae usque ad articulum secundum funiculi et pedibus
maxima parte rufo-testaceis. Specimina obscuriora, partibus rufescentibus fere
nuUis, Hockeriae bispinosae Walk, sunt similia.

Femina. Nigra, capite thoraceque parum nitidis, scapo, funiculi artieulis
duobus primis, tegulis, trochanteribus, femorum basi, genubus. tibiarum apice
tarsisque rufo-testaceis vel castaneo-rufis ; prothoracis margine prope scapulas,
axillis in latere exteriore, metanoti latere postico, metapleurae et epicnemii parte
inferiore, confertim pilis albis, sericeis. instructis ; proahs leniter grisescentibus,
antice, mox pone nervum stigmaticum, macula albida ornatis. post 2/5 longi-
tudinis usque ad 1/5 apicalem fuscis, spatio hoc tamen versus marginem posticum
vix infuscato.

Variat funiculi articulo tertio pedibusque fere totis rufo-testaceis, excepto

tamen femore postico ad medium lateris exterioris ; tegulis nigris ; partibus, quae

plerumque sunt rufescentes, quam maxime infuscatis et corpori fere concoloribus,

Oculi glabri. Scapus minutissime reticulatus. Scutellum in dimidio

anteriore partis postaxillaris marginibus baud
rectis neque paralleUs liniitatum, apice late
truncatum vel leniter concavum, vel lobis
duobus rotundatis baud contiguis terminatum.
Sculptura totius dorsi fortiter impressa, foveolis
irregulariter dispositis. Metanotum carinis
medianis instructum duabus, parallelis, sulcum
latum limitantibus, ad medium saepe costa
transversa coniunctis ; superficie dorsali rcliqua
grosse et distincte alveolata, areolis quad-
rangularibus, minute granulosis, in utroque
latere sulci mediani duphce ordine dispositis.
Metathoracis latus prominentia trapezoidali
parum conspicua instructum. Femur posti-
cum plerumque crassum, altitudine ad longi-
tudinem sicut 55 : 100, interdum minus
dilatatum, scilicet altitudine ad longitudinem proportione 47 : 100, superficie
reticulata sat fortiter insculpta. Abdomen ovato-ellipticum, segmentis 1. et 2.
supra laevibus, raro sparsim et parce punctulatis.

Fig, 9. — Hockeria testaceitarsis, $.

1, femur postiuum tvpiccm ; 'J, idem

eiemplaris gniuilioris; (>: ^0),

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 133

Long. 2-3,5 mm.

Mas statura paullo minor, abdoniine breviore, scapo infuscato et flagello
toto nigro. hoc apicem coxae posticte tantum attingentc ; alarum area fu.sca
miniLs obscura, oculis glabris.

Habitat. " Cameron's type was taken in the coral-islands of the Cargados
Group, at Establishment Island, 28. viii. 1905 (H.M.S. Sealark Expedition).
In the Seychelles the species appears to be widely distributed, many of the
specimens being found in cultivated places near the coast, but some also in the
endemic forests at high altitudes. Silhouette : coast near Pointe Etienne,
and Mare aux Cochons. — Mahe : Port Victoria, marshy coastal plains near
Anse Royale, high forest of Morne Blanc, etc. — Anonyme Island."

Adn. Hanc speciem recognovL comparatione typi, qui ab auctore non satis
quidem neque apte descriptus, mas est pedibus antennisque pro parte rufis.

Speeimina seychellensia plurima.

Gen. Anthrocephalus Kirbj^
11. Anthrocephalus mahensis, sp. n. (figs. 10, 11).

Femina. Nigra, pubescentia albo-sericea ; proalis macula tantum fusca
trapezoidali, parva, infra nervum marginalcm ornatis, nervis nigrc-brunneis ;
tibiis anterioribus rufescenti-nigris : his partibus ttstacec-iubris : antennis
praeter annulura fuscum juxta apicem articulorum funicuH, lobo radiculas
antennales .separante, nandibuHs, alarum teguHs, abdominis latere ventrali
segmentisque totis post quartum, trochanteribus et tarsis omnibus, pedum
anteriorum genubus, pedum posticorum coxa ad apicem femortque basi et
apice nee non latere ventrali ad basim, tibiaque tota.

Caput antice visum triangulare, longitudine parum latius ; oculis prominulis,
orbitis paullum infra divergentibus 2/3 capitis longitudinis diametro maiore
extensis, serie .singula alveolorum a scrobe separatis ; hac, modice vitro aucta,
laevi, at 50 diani. magnificata minute granulosa ; tuberculis antennalibus quam
flagelli annello vix maioribus ; genis limbo crasso nee multo prominente postice
marginatis, sulco tenuissimio, recto, impressis, ex orbita inferiore incipiente ;
carina postorbitali ac praeorbitali mox infra oculum ex sulco genali ortis,
praeorbitali brevissima, scrobis limbum attingente. Caput de latere inspectum
diametro antero-posteriore 2/3 longitudinalis aequante, margin* orbitali postice
n.ulto magis quam antice curvato.

Antennae 1 3-articulatae, clava minus distincte divisa, scapo subrecto 3/4
scrobis longitudinis occupante, quam flagello dimidio breviore ; pedicello dupla
eius latitudine paullum longiore ; articulo sequente, id est annello, baud angustato,
aeque longo atque lato, reliquis usque ad 6. funiculi latitudine sesquilongioribus,
3. et 4. crassioribus, 7. vix latitudine longiore ; clava articulis duobus praece-
dentibus aequilonga. Articulorum superficies, 50 diam. inspecta, vix conspicue
granulosa, sensilUs instructa tenuissimis, pilorum instar, series transversas tres
forniantibus, numero 6-10 in quaque serie quum antenna de latere exteriore
inspiciatur, super clavam in articulo basali biseriatis, in articulo medio in serie
singula dispositis.

Thoracis dorsum sparsim ac profunde foveolis impressum, superficie his
interposita reticulata, foveolis in scuto vix quam in proncto et scutello minoribus

134

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Fig. 10. — Anthrocephahis inahensis, ?.

Metathorax (x 45).

spatioque duplo vel sesqui-maiore quam earuin diametro remoti.s. Tegulae

minute punctulatae. Scutellum per totam fere longitudinem excavatum, in

1/3 media marginibus rectis parallelis limita-
tum, apice lobis duobus rotundatis, contiguis,
instructo. Metanotum fovea media sub-
elliptica et alveolis magnis 5 vel 6 in utroque
latere, excavatum, omnibus forma baud regu-
lari, fundo inaequali. Mesothoracis latera
rugis transversis 15 insculpta.

Proalae subcostae parte ascendente con-
.spicue incrassata, nervo marginali 1/3 cellulae
costalis fere aequante et postmarginali aequi-
longo, at duplo crassiore, nervo stigmatico
brevissimo.

Pedes robusti, anteriores tibiis eostulatis,

postici coxae superficie ventrali item atque femore punctulata, foveoli.s spatio

ipsarum diametro aequali remoti.s, femore longitudine paullum minus duplae

altitudinis aequante, supra valde, infra modice convexo, margine ventrali

ultra 1/3 denticulis numerosis pectinis instar munito

et tubercula duo valde obtusa in dimidio apicali

formante, quorum primum ad 6/11 totius longitudinis,

secundum ad 8/11 prominens. Tibia postica latere

anteriore apiculo terminato quam calcaribus aequi-

longis paullum breviore, de latere inspecta margine

apicali in dimidio postericre lobum obtruncatum

formante.

Abdomen conicum, quam thorax et caput simul

sumpta parum longius, thorace angustius, segmento

basali 1/3 dorsi formante. segmentis 2.-5. aequalibus

tertium medium occupantibus, tergito sexto absque

eius 1/4 apicali areolis setiferis insculpto, quincunciali

ratione dispositis ac fere contiguis, series sex transversas formantibus, spatio

eis interposito minute punctulato, tergito 7. reticulo insculpto areolis rhombicis

transversis, 50 diam. conspiciendis.
Long. 11 mm.

Habitat. Mali<^ : Cascade Estate.
Specimen unicum.

Fio. 11. — Anihrocephalua

Tnahensis, $.

Coxa, femur et tibia postica

(X 15).

Gen. Hybothorax Ratzeburg.
12. Hybothorax frater, sp. n. (fig. 12).

Femina. Nigra, oeulis castaneo-bnnineis, his partibus rufescenti-ochraceis ;
scapo ac pedicello. pedibus anterioribus praeter coxas, pedibus posticis basi
et latere inferiore femoris, tibiaeque dimidio apicali, tarsis totis.

Caput thorace haud latius, antice visum fere triangulare aequilatcrum,
longitudine 4/5 latitudinis vix superans, vertice inter ocellos recto ; oeulis .sat
magnis, convexis pilisque haud confertis et satis longis ornatis ; genis rectis,
peristomio angusto, fovea antennali ad ocellum anteriorem extensa, infeme
rugis nonnullis transversis striata, superne minute strigulosa ; antennis 13-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, 1917.

135

1

Fig. \2.—Bybothorax frater, ?.
1. antenna; 2, femur posticiim cum tibLi; (X 45).

articulatis, ad os insertis, radiculis tubercolo separati.«, scapo lenitcr curvato
oceUum anteriorem attingente, flagello thcraci aequilongo, pedicello duplo
longiore quam latioie et basi vix constricto, articulo sequenti .subquadrato,
quarto latitudine sua sesquilongiore, quinto hoc paullo longiore, reliquis articulo
quarto aequilongis, sensim crassioribus ; clava c3lindro-coiiica, longitudineni
a r t i c u I o r u ni trium praecedentium
aequante, segmento ultimo minus discrete
sensillis destituto.

Dorsum antice fortitcr cim-atum,
sculptura item atque in capite umbili-
cata, foveolis constans marginatis. super
scutellum parum Uiaioribus, ad Iniius
apicem fere contiguis, in reliquis partibus
interstitiis reticulatis separatis. Proiio-
tum, scutum et scutellum fere aequilonga,
hoc ultimum elongate triangulare, apice
attenuate, 1/3 longitudinis suae supra
metathoracem prominens itaque dorsel-
lum obtegens. Metanotum vis declive,
latum, 4-carinatum, tecti instar coxas

posticas tegens, margine externo perlongo, recto, ex basi alarum meta-
thoracis ad basini abdominis extenso et in dentem triangularem desinente.
Mesothoracis latera minute alveolata-rugosa, epimeris inferne poUtis.

Proalae segmentum abdominis tertium attingentes, subcostae parte ascen-
dente crassiore, nervis marginali, postmarginali et stigmatico nullis.

Pedes haud longi, robusti, anttuiores coxis parvis, femoribus clavatis ; pos-
tici coxis magnis, politis, in latere anteriore pilosis, femoribus ovatis, compressis,
conspicue reticulatis et in latere inferiore denticulis frequentibus munitis nee
non dente robusto, cuius altitude latitudini tibiae aequalis, eius distantiam ab
apice femoris haud superat ; tibiae posticae obtruncatae, calcaribus brevibus,.
crassis, instructae. Tarsi anteriores haud incrassati, postici robustiores.

Abdomen sessile, thoraci aequilongum, de supra visum ellipticum, de latere
autem dorso recto, ventre leniter curvato, parte postica oblique sinuosa inferne
in tuberculum desinente, segmentis constituta 4. et 5. brevibus, 6. his simul
sumptis aequali. Pars abdominis antica lateralis versus metathoracis latera
auriculas formans strigulosas, quae metathoracis anguhs oppositae, horum
continuationem simulant. Segmentum secundum magnum, 3/4 dorsi occupans,
areolis notatum ellipticis, marginatis, haud excavatis ; pars eius pone coxas
areolis omnino destituta. Segmenti 6. superficies aspera.

Pili perlongi, albidi, thoracis dorsum et superficiem abdominis fere totam
ornantes.

Long. 2,6 mm.

Mas. Colore feminae similis, antennis totis brunneo-luteis, femoribus
anterioribus tibiisque omnibus leniter pro parte infuscatis. Flagelli longitude
2J scapi aequans, annellus brevissimus, reliqui articuli subaequales, clava
apice minus acute. Foveolae dorsi magis quam in femina adproximatae, in
scuteUo fere contiguae. Metapleura et abdomen longe pilesa ; hoc thoraci
aequilongum, lateribus superiore et inferiore rectis, parte postica rotundata
inferne tuberculata. Superficies segmenti secundi areolis insculpta quam in

136 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917.

femina parum maioribus, spatio polito iiullo. Pens fen.oralis apico rotundatus.
Long. 2 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : "Cascade Estate, about 800 ft." — Anonyire Island ("a
cultivated islet near Mahe").

Specimina duo, <3 et $.

Adn. Species haec seychellensis pedum colore ab europaeo Hybothorace
grafjli Ratz. distinguitur, qui unus generi pertinebat, in Germania Galliaqne
inventus, ubi parasita est Myrmeleonis formicarii.

Stjbfam. EURYTOMINAE.

Gen. Eurytoma Illiger.

13. Eurytoma, sp.

Mas. Niger, oculis concoloribus, scapo toto nigro, macula ante collare
parva flavo-grisea ; alarum nervis, genubus, tibiis posterioribus basi ct apice.
tarsisque omnibus, flavo-albidis, interdum flavis ; tibiis primi paris pedum in
latere anteriore et posteriore fusco-lineatis ; pilis argenteis.

Oculi parum convex! ; faciei zona depressa, marf;inem orbitalem anteriorem
formans, a reliqua superficie sculptura hand diversa ; ocelli posteriores ab
anteriore magis quam ab oculis remoti, distantiae proportione 3:2; pediceUus
globosus ; artieulus primus funiculi dimidiam scapi longitudinem fere aequans,
articuli secnndi nodus vix duplo longior quam latior, isthmi 1/3-1/4 nodorum
longitudinis aequantes ; pili quam articuli sesquilongiores ; clava pedunculata,
quam artieulus praecedens sesquilongior.

Thorax, de latere inspcctus, dorso piano, metanoto parum oblique. Axil-
larum pars dimidia interior alveolis elongatis recte marginatis insculpta. Me-
tanotuni supra abdominis inserticnem area depressa sublaevi instructum, quae
autem fortiter vitro aucta superficiem ostendit scabram propter areolas sat
profunde excavatas, confertas, marginibus reticulum formantc. Callus, etiam
fortiter vitro auctus, minute reticulatu.s. Mesosternum superne vix conspicue
reticulatum, infernc foveoUs ct cminentiis transversis nonnullis insculptum ;
mesopleura scabra.

Nervus stigmaticus marginali aequilongus, postm,arginalis vix longior.
Petiolus coxis posticis sesquilongior.
Long. 2,2 mm.

Femina. Scapus basi flava, pediceUus quam artieulus primus funiculi
parum brevior, artieulus hie latitudine sua fere sesquilongior, sequentes sensini
breviores et crassiores, quintus latitudine paullo longior, clava 2h praeclavae
longitudinis aequans, in parte tcrtia apicali conica, reliquo spatio cjlindrica ;
pili funiculum ornantes articuUs aequilongi. Nervus marginalis stigmatico
sesquilongior, hie postmarginali duplo brevior. Abdomen latere dorsali seg-
menti tertii quam secundi sesquiloiigiore, quarti quam tcrtii magis quam duplo
longiore, superficie tota dorsali minute squamoso-pvnictata, lateribus autem
ventreque in segmentis 4. et 5. areoUs hexagonis, aequaUbus, conspicuis, inscul-
ptis, segmento sexto toto ruguloso. Long. 2,7 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : "Mare aux Cochons. and forest near hj\ about 1,000
ft., and from the coast at Pointe Etienne."
Specimina quatuor $$, sex (J (J.

NoriTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 137

14. Eurytoma, sp.

Femina. Nigra, scapo, mandibulis pedibusque cum coxis luteis ; pedicello,
annello, macula ante collare, epipjgio ad ba.sim et hypopj'gio obscure luteis ;
proalis leniter infuscatis, nervis praeter postcostam brunneis ; pili.s albis.

Caput antice visum geiiis modice curvatis, strigis a clypeo radiantibus
nulUs ; ex latere inspectum oculis magnis, rotundatis, vertice lato, genarum
sculptura fere obsoleta. Antennae scapo ad medium leniter incrassato, pedicello
longitudine et latitudine acquali, funiculi articulis tribus primis latitudine
sesquilongioribus, quarto et quinto vix longioribus, clava his paullo minore.

Thorax brevis, altus, dorso modice curvato, pronoto longitudine sua se-
squilatiore, axillis sculptura aequali ab ilia reliqui dorsi non distinguenda ;
metanoto fere verticali, medio serie duplice alveolorum quadrangularium im-
presso, partibus lateralibus irregulariter alveolatis, alveolis minoribus nullis ;
epicnemio hand curvato et mesosterno, superne minute reticulato-alveolatis.

Proalae nervo marginali duplo cjuam postmarginali longiore, stigmatico
3/4 huius aequante.

C'oxae posticae crebre reticulato-alveolatae.

Petiolus duplo longior quam latior, 2/5 coxarum longitudinis baud superans.

Abdomen altitudine duplo longius, dorso valde curvato, punctoque maxime
elevate ad 1/4 totius longitudinis sito, latere ventrali parum convexo et curvae
apice ad mediam longitudinem ; diametro transverso longitudinem segmen-
torum 1.-5. fere aequante. Segmentum tertium in eius latere dorsali quam
secundum duplo longius, quartum duplam tertii longitudinem paullo superans,
quintum perbreve pilisque paucis longis ornatuni. Tergitum tertium lateribus,
excepta parte tertia postica, subtilissime reticulatis, quartum ad basim segmenti
fortius insculptum areolisque maioribus ; reliqua segmentorum superficies laevis,
nitens. Epipygium et hypopygium elongata, hoc ultimum 1/4 abdominis
longitudinis ultra segmentum quintum prominens.

Long. 2 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux C'ochons.

Specimen unicum.

Gex. Eurytomidia n. (?).

Specimen unicum, parv'um, masculinum, cuius descriptio sequitur, hahitu
Eurytomae simile, tamen nervo postmarginali valde elongate et parte mesonoti
praeaxillari brevissinia diversum, etsi amplius ac diligenter examinare non
potuerim, generi novo pertinere mihi visum est. Id tibiis posticis bicalcaratis
a Phylloxeroxeno distinguitur, cum quo tamen convenit nervo postmarginali
elongate.

15. Eurytomidia dubia, sp. n. (fig. 13).

Mas. Niger, oculis concoloribus, genubus, tibiarum apice tarsisque obscure
luteis, his apice fuscis, alls hyalinis nervis pallide flavo-griseis.

Caput oculis hand prominulis, glabris, ex latere inspectis subrotundis,
spatio interorbitali 5/6 latitudinis aequante, antennis supra medium faciei
insertis, fovea antennali profunda, nitida, ecello anteriere extra foveam sito.
Scapus longitudinem orbitarum fere aequans, ocellum attingens, baud com-

138

NOVITATES ZOOLOUKAE XXIV. 1917.

presso-dilatatus sed apice attenuatus, superficie scabra. Flagcllum longitudinem
thoracis superaiis, pedicello fere globoso, annello parvo, funiculi articulo primo
3/4 scapi longitudinis baud superante, isthuus 2/3 uodorum aequantibus, bis
forma trapezoidali, ad medium non angustatis, secundo et tertio altitudinc
paullum longioribus. Pili verticillati .articulis aequilongi vcl paulhim maiores.
Sculptura capitis tt tlioracis fere ubicumque unibilicato-punctata, at paene
obsoleta, axillarum in dimidio exteriore minutissime reticulata, areolis rect-

angularibus, in interiore alveolata ; tegulae
minute at fortiter sulcato-reticulatae.

Pronotum quam scutum duplo longius.
Scapulae sulco leniter impresso discretae.

Proalae angulo posteriore prominentc,
cellula costali lata, nervo stigmatico 3/4 mar-
ginalis aequante, hoc quam postniarginali
dimidio breviore.

Femur posticum conspicue reticulatum,
areolis minutis, rhombicis ; tibia in latere
interiore setis rigidis munita, calcari maioro
dimidium metatarsi vix superante, altero
brevissimo.
Petiolus coxas posticas baud superans.

Abdomen superne inspectum aeque longum atque latum, de latere visum
triangulare. Segmenti secundi latus dorsale dimidiam femoris longitudinem
parum superans, superficie subtiliter reticulata, areolis quam femoris miilto
majoribus.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Coehons, " from the marshy plateau at
about 1,000 ft."

Specimen unicum.

Fig. 13. — Eurytomidia duhia, ^.

1, proala (x 32); 2, tibiae postioae apex
(X 27).

Gen. Decatoma Spinola.

(Eudecatoma, Ashmead — ?).

16. Decatoma kestraneura, sp. n.

Mas. Flavus, vertice, excepto margine orbitali, dorso, exceptis pronoti
lateribus, petiolo, abdomine, maculaque in latere superiore femoris postici,
brunneis ; proalarum nervo marginali, praeter eius limbinn anteriorem atque
exteriorem, nigro, lamina tota hyalina.

Linea ocularis inferior in media faciei longitudine decurrens ; antennae
in hac linea insertae. Clypeus margine lenissime concave. Ocellus anterior lineae
posteriores tangenti fere contiguus. Pedicellus pyriformis, latitudine sua parum
longior ; funiculi articulus primus pedicello sesquilongior, scapo sesquibrevior ;
articuli sequentes curtantes, ultimus pedicello aequilongus.

Superficies capitis et dorsi, praeter metanotum, aspectu sublaevis, 90 diam.
magnificata minute reticulata, areolis subrotundis ; pronotum vero quasi
tran.sverse strigulosum apparens. Dorsellum punctis duobus impressum con-
tigius et in eius linea media longitudinali dispositis. Metanoti fovea media
sat lata, lateribus parallelis, transverse quadricostata ; superficies reliqua reticule

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. Ifll7.

139

insculpta, 50 diam. magnificato vix perspiciendo ; plicae longitudinales in
dimidio posteriore tantiim determinatae.

Proalae cellula basali parce ac breviter pubescente, infra praestignia et
prope nervum marginalem speculo nullo setisque longioribus. Nervus marginalis
crassissimus, longitudine sua hand angustior, extiis non oblique truncatus,
postice linea convexa tenninatus ; postmarginalis quam marginalis vix brevier ;
stigmaticus huius longitudinem aequans, manifeste obliquus, clavae angulo
posteriore et unco fere aequaliter prominentibus, mallei figuram fingentibus.

Setae in latere posteriore tibiae posticae huius latitudini subaequales,
numero octo in specimine.

Petiolus triple longior quam latior, coxas posticas non superans, sculptura
minutissime granulosa, 50 diam. magnificata vix conspicua.

Abdomen forma baud globosa, at lateribus in 1/3 media subparallelis ;
segmento 2. brevi, 1. 3. et 4. subaequalibus, 1. 2. et 4. laevibus, ceteris 100 diam.
magnificatis leniter reticulato-sulcatis, areolis transversis, his in segmento 3
maioribus.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons plateau.

Femina ignota.

Specimen unicum.

Ad7i. Genus Eudeaitonui Ashm. dubium et non satis definitum mihi videtur.
Species quam descripsi, pedicello brevi, proalis hyalinis et speculo nullo, nervo
marginali latitudine baud longiore, praecipue est distinguenda.

Gen. Isosoma Walker.
17. Isosoma insularum, sp. n. (fig. 14).

Mas. Niger, subnitidus, prothorace praeter pronotum, coxis anticis, inter-
dum mediis, femoribus anticis mediisque in parte dimidia apicali, tibiis cmnibu."
et tarsis, antennarum radicula,
scapo ac pedicello, fiavo-griseis ;
pedicelli latere superiore et scapi
dimidio inferiore infuscatis ;
tibiarum atque tarsonim latere
anteriore plerumque obscuro vel
brunneo ; alis decoloribus nervis
pallida flavo-griseis.

Caput antice visum longitu-
dine 3/4 latitudinis vix superans,
vertice arcuato, orbitis parallelis,
peristomio 3/5 spatii interorbitalis
aequante. Genae baud compres-
sae, subtiliter sulcatae, spatio
triangulari juxta oculos nitido.

Fig. 14. — leoeoma insularum, <J.
1, antenna (X 40); 2, proala (x 31;).

Facies minute reticulata, areolis rhombicis, spatioque infra antennarum radiculas
confertim et minute punctulato. Scapus in latere inferiore valde curvatus^
latitudine, ad medium, 1/3 longitudinis aequante. Funiculi articuli partibus
attenuatis latitudini nodorum aequilongis ; isthmi, his partibus binis compositi,
in articulatione biannulati. Pili baud articulis breviores. Articuli primi

]|.A NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917.

longitude quadruplam latitudinem aequans, sexti triplam. Clava artkulo
praecedenti longitudine et latitudine aequalis, mucrone paiTO tenninata, indi-
stincte articulata.

Prothorax bis latior quam longior, lineis subtilibus reticulatus ; scutellum
apice rotundatum, item atque pronotum reticulatiim ; areolae in scuto maiores,
minus regulares, in seapulis minorcs. Metanotuni rtticulatc-alvcolatum, areohs
irregularibus minutis insculptum, medio fovea elliptica, extremitatibus truncata,
leniter impressa, notatum, huius areolis vix minoribus. Mesosterni sculptura
ab ilia prothoracis baud dissimilis, episterni magi.s minuta ; epimerum in dimidio
posteriore laeve.

Nervus stigmaticus dimidiam marginalis Icrgitudinem attingens, quam

postmarginalis sesquilongior.

Petiolus coxis posticis aequilongus, latitudine 3/5 Icngitudinis aequans,
sculptura baud a metanoto dissimilis.

Abdomen cylindricum, nitidum, segmento primo quam secundo magis
quam duplo longiore, secundo terticque aequalibus, quarto et quinto his parum
longioribus, quinto autem forma et sculptura a praecedente discimili, sexto
parvo, subtiliter reticulato.

Long. 2 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade, "from cultivated country near sea-level"
(specimina plurima), Port Victoria (specimen unum).

Specimina plurima.

Gen. Aximopsis Ashmead.

18. Aximopsis elegans, sp. n.

Femina. Nigro et rufo varia, tibiis tarsisque albis. Capite nigro, oculis
rubris ; antennarum scapo in dimidio basali grisec-luteo, in dimidio apicali
brunneo, pedicello fusco-maculato, articulo quinto funiculi vel quarto et quinto
luteis, clava nigra et articulo ultimo sensillis albidis obsito, ceteris antennaium
partibus obscure rufis ; prothorace, praeter maculam dorsi nigricantem, seapulis,
tegulis, praesterno et angulo anteriore mesosterni, obscure rufis, reliquis thoracis
partibus et petiolo nigris ; abdomine rufo dorso fusco : coxis anticis rufis in
latere anteriore nigris, mediis totis rufis vel antice nigro-maculatis, posticis
omnino nigris ; femoribus flavo-rufis ; alarum nervis flavo-fuscis.

Caput thoracis latitudinem prcporticne 100 : 87 superans, prothoracis
proportione 100 : 77 ; antice visum latum, oculis magnis. 3/4 tctius longitudinis
extensis, glabris ; de latere inspectum ovato-triangulare, parura longius quam
latins, latitudine maxima ad medium oculorum, oculis rotundatis. Ocelli
externi ab anteriore et ab oculis aequo spatio remcti. Facies latitudine sua
parum longior, versus oculos abrupte temiinata, marginibus orbitarum vix
divergentibus, inferne radiatim strigosa, reliqua superficie alvcolata, pubesetntia
omata sat longa sed baud conferta, aequaUter distributa. Fovea antennalis
in eius dimidio supero margine elevato limitata, inter antennarum radiculas
lamina prominente divisa. Antennae supra medium faciei insertae ; pediccllus
breviter conicus, funiculi articulus primus longitudine triplam latitudintm,
secundus duplam latitudinem, aequantes, tertius .secundo aequalis, quartus
quam tertius parum crassior et vix brevior, quintus subquadratus, quam primus

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 141

fere sesquilatior ; clava basi obtruncata, quam articuli praecedentes pauUum
brevior.

Thorax de latere inspectus dorso parum curvato, metanoto secundum
curvam totius dorsi disposito. Mesosternum valde retrorsum vergens, margine
exteriore fere horizontal!. Metanotum medio late sulcatum, in parte anteriore
sulci alveolLs duobus impressum elongatis, contiguis, quibus nonnuUi succedunt
subquadrati in serie singula dispositi.

Nervus marginalis et postmarginalis aequilongi, stigmaticus his dimidio
brevior.

Coxae anticae hand dentatae, facie laterali cum anteriore in dimidio supero
angulum formante. Coxae posticae in dimidio inferiore longitudinaliter et
confertim strigulosae.

Petiolus coxis posticis fere sesquilongior, abdominis lateri ventrali post
1/3 longitudini.s affixus, ad basim mucrone dorsali peracuto instructus, super-
ficie dorsali scabra. lateribus longitudinaliter confertim sulcatis.

Abdomen deorsum flexum, ovatuni, compressum, latitudine dimidiam fere
longitudinem, altitudine ad petioli insertionem 2/3 longitudinis aequante, apice
attenuato, segmento quarto in latere dorsali quam tertio fere sesquilongiore,
quinto hoc dimidio breviore, sexto et septimo subaequalibus, quam quinto fere
sesquilongioribus. Segmenta 1.-5. laevia, nitida, 6. atque 7. sculptura reticulata
minutissima, vix conspicua.

Long. 3-3,5 mm. Longitudo capitis cum thorace, abdomini cum petiole
subaequalis.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons — Praslin : Cotes d'or Estate.

Specimina duo, $$.

Adn. Haec est species tertia generis. Aximopsis morio Ashm. Erasiliae
pertinet, tricolor Gir. Queenslandiae.

SuBFAM. EUCHARIDINAE.

Gen. Stilbula Spinola.

19. Stilbula lissoma, sp, n.

Mas. Capite thoraceque viridibus, pro parte auratis vel cyanescentibus vel
etiam purpureis ; oculis ocellisque castaneis ; antennis obscure luteis, funiculi
nodis pilisque nigricantibus ; coxis, alarum nervis. petiolo abdomineque brun-
neis ; pedibus palhde stramineis ; proalis flavo-griseis.

Facies inter clypeum et antennarum insertionem obtuse angulata, clypeo
plerumque transverse at parce striguloso. Antennae corpori toto aequilongae,
scapo latitudine sua parum longiore, quam articulo prime funiculi conspicue
crassiore et 1/4 diametri orbitalis maioris aequante ; annello quam scape plus
dimidio breviore ; articulis decem huic sequentibus valde elongatis, tenuibus
et nodis apicahbus in dorso magis prominulis, superficie tota hirta, piHs articu-
lorum diametro aequilongis, sed hand confertis ; articulo prime funiculi quam
scapo cj[uintuplo longiore et latitudine 1/9 longitudinis suae aequante ; articulo
secundo quam prime breviore proportione 3 : 4, ultimo proportione 4 : 7.

Scapulae in dimidio interiore callosae, id est laeves atque nitidae punctisque
nennuUis tantum impressae.

Petiolus quam abdomen hand longior, distantiam ab angulo anteriore

142 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, XXIV. 1917.

pronoti ad basim processi scutellaris longitudine aequans, propter tenuitatem
magis elongatus apparens. Long. 3-4 mm.

Femina diffcrt funiculo longitudinem dorsi fere aeqiiante. artieulis quam
scape baud crassioribus et basi fortiter constrictis, a latere inspeetis angulo
apicali superiore magis quam inferiore prominente ; articulo primo quadruplam
scapi longitudinem, secundo duplam longitudinem aequante ; clava parum
longiore quam latiore. scapo aequilonga ; petiolo longitudinem metanoti et
dorselli paullo superante, quam thorace, itemque abdomine, dimidio breviore.

Habitat. " Silhouette : from Mare aux Cochons, about 1,000 ft.. 1 o — Mahe :
2 9 from forest of the endemic ' Bois-de-Fer ' ( Valeria seychellanim) in the Mare
aux Cochons district at an elevation of over 1,500 ft., and 1 ? from Cascade
Estate at about 800 ft."

Specimina quatuor.

Adn. Stilbulae insularis Cam.* typum in Egmont Atoll (Insulis Chagos)
collectum examinavi, quod specimen est masculinum flagellis carens, non eis
coloribus vero ornatum quos in descriptione auctor indicavit, ab illis Stilbulae
nunc descriptae etiam differentibus. Cameronis species a seychellensi strigis
tota parte inferiore faciei extensis, dorso minus regulariter insculpto, callo
humerali nullo, alls et petiolo nonnihil brevioribus, distinguitur.

SUBFAM. ENCYRTINAE.

Gex. Eucomys Forster.

20. Eucomys infelix Embleton, et var. albiscapus n. v. (figs. 15-17).

Comys infelix. Embleton, Tr. Enl. Soc. London, ii. 1902. pp. 219-229.

Camya infelix:, Embleton, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, v. 1904. pp. 231-254, PI. 11, 12 (<?$).

Hanc Eucomydem Embleton in Anglia, prope Cambridge, primum invenit,
Lecanii hemisphaerici var. filicum parasitam, deque eius forma, anatomica
structura et biologia pertractavit. Species similis est Ericomydi bicolori How.,
et forsan etiam Eucomydi lecaniorum Mayri, nee non speciebus nonnullis Au-
straliae a Girault descriptis. Ego exemplaria plurima huic specie! pertinentia
observavi. cjuae sunt :

1. exemplar Musci Zoologici Cantabrigiensis, nomine manu doctoris Sharp
scripto, in Cambridge collectum, cum auctoris prima descriptione (I.e., 1902,
p. 223) bene conveniens, quod quasi cotypus haberi potest ;

2. exemplaria nonnulla in Insulis Seychellensibus coUecta, a praecedente
hand differentia ;

3. exemplaria plurima sej'chellensia antennae coloribus praecipue diversa,
varietati novae attribuenda ;

4. exemplaria huius varietatis in Italia prope Genuam inventa ;

5. exemplaria nonnulla ex Insulis Sej'chellensibus, inter formam typicam
et varietatem intermedia.

Forma typica, 5-

Mihi ex paucis excmphuibus nota, forsan colore varians sicut var. albiscapus,
qua de re huius descriptio conferatur. Genarum setae pilique in parte posteriors
■axiUarum prope scutelli suturam. pauci sunt vel nulli, qucd etiam in varietate

• Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xii. 1907. p. 85.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

143

occurrit. Formae typicae eharacteres praecipui hi sunt : .scapus stramineu.«,
margine posteriore apice tantum brunneo maculate ; flagellum ochraceo-aeru-
ginosum at funiculi articulo quinto ad apicem, sexto et clava totis, nigris. Femur
medium albidum, apice superne macula brunnea, inferne .semper macula flavo-
ochracea, notatum. Tibia media ad basim et pulvillu.s tar.^alis brunnei, reliquum
tibiae, calcar et tarsus luteo-aerugino.sa.

Var. albiscapus, ?.

Capite thoraceque fere toto luteo-aeruginosis, at capite saepe ncnnihil
obscuriore, dorso nitore quodam subaureo ; abdomine nigro-brunneo, viclaceo
nitente, inferne .saepius aeneo ; antennae radicula flavo-brunnea, scapo albo,
supra fusco-limbato, infra ad basim macula parva brunnea notato, flagello,
item atque oculis ocellisque, nigro-brunneis ; carina genarum nigra, setis con-
coloribus ; prcnoto partim, sed praecipue in eius angulis inferc-posterioribus,
et proi)ectore, infuscatis ; mesonoti parte praeaxiUari antice nigro-limbata,
disco vel dimidio posteriore macula fusca, latera non attingente, pilisque aibis,
ornatis ; pilis etiam albis sed plerumque raris in margine posteriore axillarum
nee non super scutellum prope suturam ; nonnullis in scutelii disco flavis, sericeis ;
aliis in reliquis partibus dorsi nigris ; axillulis etiam nigris ; mesopleura ochracea
vel obscure lutea, interdum rosea, scilicet nitore palbde purpureo, rare violacea ;
coxa antica et postica albis, media brunnea ; femoribu.s anterioribus albidis
supra et infra fusco-limbatis, femore medio interdum superne macula apicali
brunnea notato ; femore postico flavescenti-brunneo, margine dorsali obscuriore ;
tibia antica femori postico concolore, intermedia usque ad dimidium longi-
tudinis grisescenti-brunnea, reliquo flavida vel albida ; postica tota brunnea ;
tarso antico obscuro, medio tibiae apici concolore, postico albo, excepto dimidio
basali articuli primi ac pulvillo ; proalis in parte dimidia exteriore cellulae
basalis fere tota, itemque spatio ultra praestigma infuscatis, apicem versus
tamen pallidioribus, fascia nervorum apices tangente hyalina, setis spiniformibus
cellulae costalis et prope nervum basalem nigris, subcosta nervisque marginali,
postmarginali ac stigmatico flavo-brunneis, praestigniate fere hyalino.

Capitis forma subhemisphaerica, fere lenticularis, dimidio superiore cras-
siusculo ; margo occipitalis acute limbatus antice
inspectus aream ocellarem superans ; faciei pars
dimidia inferior depressa, a superiore, sive fronte,
margine sinuoso separata, qui super antennanmi
insertiones utrinque inferius vergens, oculum
prope imam orbitam attingit ; genae sat fortiter
curvatae, dc latere inspectae carinatae, carina
longe nigro-setosa superne retrorsum flexa et
certo spatio pone orbitam producta, ab hac sulco
conspicuo separata ; vertex, in specimine exsic-
cato, 1/3 capitis latitudinis superans, ocellis an-
gulum obtusum formantibus, margine occipital!
ab area ocellari tota spatio depresso separate,
hac autem inter ocellos posteriores linea convexa
limitata. Superficies fere tota sulcato-reticulata,
areolis transversis, super verticem atque frontem punctis sat conspicuis sparsim
impressa ; genae pone carinam conspicue reticulatae areolis longitudinaUter
clongatis, excavatis.

Fig. 15. — Eucomys in/etix, var.
albiscapus, 9.

1, Caput antioe visum (x 30); 2, raaziUa,
siue cardinp (x 58); 3, mandibula (x 68);
4, eadcm Ue latere, sursum reveraa.

144

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Fig. 16. — Bucomys infelix, var. albiacapus, ?.

Antenna ( x Go).

Mandibiilae fortiter curvatae, postice laminato-prcductac, margiiie apicali
inermi, rotundato ; maxillarum lacinia .spinis sex instiucta, palpi articulis 1.-3.
subaequalibus, quarto duplo longiore.

Pedicellus 1/3 scapi longitudinis paullum superans, latitudine sua duplo

longior; funiculi articuli valde
eompressi, pilis mediocribus hirti,
articulatione lateri ventrali magis
propinqua, primus pedicello fere
aequilongus et vix latior, sequentes
gradatim breviores atque latiores,
ultinius longitudine sua sesquilatior,
fere duplam primi latitudinem et
3/4 Indus longitudinis attingens.
Clava item atque articuli praece-
dentes conipressa, breviter elliptica,
apice minus cun'ato, quam praeclava vix latior, articulo basali quam reliquis
aequalibus nonnihU longiore.

Thorax brevis. Mesopleura minute et callus grosse, conspicue. rcticulati.
Praestigma longum, ab humero late separatum ; nervus marginalis latitu-
dine sua baud longior, postmarginalis ac
stigmaticus aequales, hie basi et apice magis
curvatus.

Long, media, 1,6 mm.
Habitat. Silhouette, Mahe, passim :
" from cultivated places near sea-level, and
from some of the highest endemic forests."
Etiam in Italia (Liguria).
Specimina plurima.

Adn. Huius speeiei marcm non vidi.
Eum rare occurrere Embleton affirmat (I.e. 1904. pp. 234 et 250) : "... dis-
proportion of the sexes in Comys infelix is very great, perhaps a thousand
females to one male." Is colore est nigro, pedibus albo-pictis, antennis etiam
totis nigris, pilis concoloribus, alis immaculatis, iridaceis.

Gen. Leptomastix Forster.

21. Leptomastix histrio Mayr (?)•

Verh. zool. hot. Gee. Wien, xxv. 1875. p. 729.

Exemplaria duo, apud Mahe, in Anonyme Island collecta, cum Mayri de-
scriptione italicae Leptomasticis histrionis satis congruentia, his notis tantum
differre videntur : clava paullum breviore, quam praeclava baud magis quam
sesquilongiore ; scutello nee minute rugoso, nee sculptura a parte pracaxillari
mesonoti diverse, subtiliter reticulato ; pronoto et mesopleura baud nigro-
pictis ; tarsis posterioribus minori spatio obscuratis ; vertice tantum, nee
mesonoti disco, aurantiacis. An exemplaria haec seychellcnsia iUi speeiei
pertineant, dijudicari non potest sine typi comparatione. Mentionem Mayr
non facit de maculis fuscis areae ocellaris, quae in exemplaribus ita sunt dis-
positae : una oceUum anteriorem posteriori sinistro adjungens, duo aliae minores
ocellis posterioribus, potius ad sinistram partem, contiguae.

Fig. 17. — Eucwnys infelix, var.
albiscapua, 9*

Proalae pars (x 30).

NoriTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

145

Gen. Philoponectroma Brethes.
22. Philoponectroma incongruens, sp. n. (fig. 18).

Femina. Nigra, ocuiis ob.scure rubris, ocellis brunneis, antennis scapo et
flagello flavis, vel hoc griseo et scapo tantum flavo, radicula piUsque nigris ;
femoribus anticis ac posticis in parte tertia apicali, intermediis apice, tibiis
omnibus tarsisque mediis praeter articulum quintum, flavis, ceteris pedum par-
tibus brunneis ; alarum nervis griseis ; pilis capitis ac dorsi albis.

Caput sublenticulare, haud thorace latius, vix transversum, latitudinis
proportione ad longitudinem sicut 8 : 7, vertice 3/5 latitudinis aequante ; de
latere inspectum longitudine duplam latitudinem aequans, facie aequaliter cur-
vata, fronte atque vertice haud separatis ; hoc antrorsum fortiter declivi, margine
occipitali subacuto. Ocelli in angulum parum obtusum dispositi, externi ab
orbitis spatio remoti quam ipsorum diametro fere duplo maiore, a margine
occipitali spatio diametrum vix superante. Oculi glabri, de latere inspecti
elliptici, diametro longitudinali quam transverso sesquOongiore. Linea ocularis
inferior paullum infra medium faciei ; genae sat fortiter curvatae et compresso-
acutae ; clypeus angustus margine externo concavo, labrum elUpticum non
obtegens ; mandibulae bidentatae. Facies inter antennarum insertiones vix
elevata, haud carinata, scrobibus nullis, infra ocellum anteriorem fovea parva
impressa, spatio interorbitali quam vertice haud latiore, 2/3 capitis latitudinis
aequante. Superficies capitis pilis longis, haud crebrLs, spar.se ornata, sculptura
minutissime granulosa, quum fortiter vitro aucta eonfertim sulcato-reticulata,
foveolis rotundatis sat magnis, haud profunde excavatis, super verticem ac
frontem triseriatis.

Antennae in linea oculari insertae, radicula tenui, elongata, 1/3 scapi
aequante ; hoc subfusiformi, leni-
ter compresso, latitudine ad 2/3
longitudinis maxima ; flagello
filiformi, longissimo, abdominis
apicem superante pilisque in-
structo articulorum latitudine
paullum maioribus. aequaliter
distributis ; pedicello parvo, coni-
co, vix longiore quam latiore,
funiculi articuUs bene discretis,
omnibus crassitie aequalibus,
primo latitudine 1/6 longitudinis
aequante, reliquis gradatim bre-
vioribus, sexto quam primo proportione 10: 17 breviore ; clava indivi.sa, quam
articulo praecedente fere duplo longiore et primo subaequah.

Mesothoracis pars praeaxillaris brevis, transversa, latitudine triplam
longitudinem aequans, quam scutellum dimidio brevior, sculptura item atque
capitis reticulata, foveolis rotundatis piliferis sparsis, sulcis autem reticulum
formantibus fortiter sinuatis. Axillae conniventes, sculptura magis minuta,
minus fortiter impressa. Scutellum scuto longius, triangulare aequilaterum,
foveolis rotundatis carens, areolis reticuli quam in scuto haud maioribus et
secundum lineas reetas longitudinales in superficie fere tota dispositis. Meso-

10

Fio, 18. — Philoponectroma incongruens, $.

1, antenun; 2, proala ; (x 30. Areae specuiares sunt piinctis
circiimscriptiie).

146 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917

pleura reticulata, areolis quam clorsi minutioribus. Tcgulae subtiliter strigv.-
losae. Metathoracis spiracula reniformia. Fili capitis et dorsi aequales.

Pi'oalae ciliatae, cellula costali angusta, nervo marginali latitudine sua
magis quam duplo longiore, stigmatico quam hoc sesquiloiigiore, postmargiiiali
incerte limitato. versixs apicem attenuato. maiginalem Icngitudine baud supe-
rante ; speculo quam nervi stigmatici longitudinc baud latiore, ad medium
latitudinis alae terminato ; areola prope radiculam aliaque inter speculum et
marginem posticum glabris. Alae metathoracis cellula costali usque ad hair.ulcs
extensa.

Calcar tibiae mediae metatarso paullum brevius, tibiae pcsticae dimidio
brevius.

Abdomen thoraci aequilongum, fortiter eurvato-depressum, triangulare.
apice truncate, lateribus rectis, tergito penultimo medium fere attirgcnte,
spiraculis basi fere contiguis, valvula vcntrali spatio 1/3 latitudinis lasalisi
aequante prominula, superficie perspicue at minute reticulata.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Mas. Differt scapi latere inferiore pallide griseo. latere superiore cum
flageUo toto brunneis, pilis articuloruni griseis ; tegulis, prothoracis lateribus
et mesopleuris ochraceo-rufis ; pedibus pallide flavo-griseis, intermediis tarso
praeter articulum basale fulvescente, posticis fcmoris dorso, tibia fere tota
tarsoque infuscatis ; pedicello etiam breviore. funiculi articulo primo magis
elongate et quam sexto duplo longiore, flagelli pilis dimidiam articuloruni
longitudinem attingentibus.

Habitat. Mahc : "country above Port Glaud, 500-1,000 ft.; Mare aux
Cochons district, 1.000-2,000 ft." (specimina ?$) ; Cascade E.state (<?).

Specimina quatuor.

Adn. Haec species propter antennarum structuram et prcalae setaium
dispositionem, nee non habitum, cum Philoponedromate 'pectinato Bretb. in uno
eodemque genere convcnire videtur, ab eo tamen differt oculis glabris, antenni.s
longioribus, scuto longitudinem scutelli baud superante, abdcmine magis elongato.

Gen. Zeteticontus Silvestri.
23. Zeteticontus xanthopus, sp. n.

Mas. Capite, metanoto abdomineque nigro-aeneis, dorso ante scuteUum
obscure cj'aneo-viridi, scutello olivaceo, rubro et aureo nitente, anteniii.-' pedi-
busque praeter coxas ochraceis, proalis Icniter infumatis. nervis bnuineis ;
genis interdum cyanescentibus, antennarum radicula pilisque nigris, coxis
anticis in dimidio apicali plus minus ochraceis, tarsis anticis atque pcsticis
infuscatis.

Vertex dimidiam capitis latitudinem cccupans, pilis longiusculis .'-parse
ornatus, margine cccipitali acuto, sculptura item atcjue frcntis minutissime
reticulata, foveolis impressis rotundatis, biseriatis, externis margini oculorum
contiguis seriem fonnantibus ad argulum inferiortm crbitae desincnfem. Ocelli
in triangulum fere aequilaterum dispositi, externi ab cculis spatio renioti quam
eorum diametro dimidio breviore. Oculi ele latere inspecti margine infero-
posteriore minus curvato, superficie pilis tenuibus, longiusculis, hand crebris
instructa. Clypeus recte marginatus. Labrura margine etiam recto. Man-

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 147

dibulae longae, fortiter curvatae. Scrobes antennales semicirculum formantes
inferne orbitis fere contiguum.

Antennae mox infra lineam ocuJarem insertae, ab hac multo minus qiiam
a clypeo remotae, carina obtiisa separatae, pilosulae, scapo brevi .subfusiformi,
tlagello quam thorace aliquantulum longiore, pedicello aeque longo atque lato,
funiculi articulis crassis, iuncturis lateri ventrali inagis propinquis, articulo
prinio longitudine duplam latitudinem vix superante, quam pedicello fere dupio
et dimidio longiore, sequentibus gradatim paullum brevioribus, vix angustioribus,
ultimo 4/5 longitudinis primi aequante, quam clava sesquibreviore, huiusque
articulo basali aequilongo, latitudine etiam aequali.

Pronotum et pars praeaxillaris mesonoti sculptura reticulata minuta, pilis
ordine dispositis, longiusculis, quam scutelli tamen brevioribus. Axillae baud
conniventes, sculptura etiam reticulata, sed minus conspicua, quae versus
angulum internum lineis transversalibus confertissimis tantum constat.
Scutellum superficie laevi, nitida, pilis paucis longis instructum. longitudine et
latitudine aequali, quam scutum proportione 5/4 longius, apice late rotundatum,
transverse fortiter cun^atum et secundum lineam longitudinalem medianam
tecti instar angulum obtusissimum, vix conspicuum, fornians.

Proalae cellula costali lata, nerv'o marginali quam latitudine sua triplo
longiore, quam cellulae costalis latitudine paullum breviore ; neivo stigmatico
longitudinem marginalis vix superante, versus apicem gradatim incrassato,
baud dentato, cum marginali angulum paium obtusum foimante ; nervo post-
marginali dimidio quam marginali breviore ; cellula basali glabra, excepta
setarum serie juxta nervum humeralem decurrente, serieque altera ex puncto
lij'alino subcostae usque ad marginem posteriorem oblique disposita et versus
aream specularem cellulam limitante ; specido magno, lato, extus linea recta
seriei setarum basalium parallela limitato, seric autem setarum ex angulo neivi
marginalis cum stigmatico producta in duas partes aequali latitudine diviso,
quarum exterior pilis nonnullis instructa, aliis non longe a nervo stigmatico
ordine singulo oblicjue dispositis, aliis, numero 3-4, juxta eundem nervum
uniseriatis. Alae metathoracis cellula costali ad hamulos extensa.

Abdomen aeque longum atque latum, c^uam scutum duplo longius.

Femina differt antennis ad os insertis, magis clypeo quam lineae oculari
propinquis, scapo longo flavo-fusco, flagello nigro-brunneo quam thorace aliquan-
tulum breviore, duplam scapi longitudinem nonnihil superante, pilis crebris
quam articulis longioribus instructo ; pedicello latitudine sua longiore, funiculi
articulis gradatim crassioribus et brevioribus, prime pedicello fere aequilongo,
ultimo longitudine primi latiore et latitudine sua sesquibreviore ; clavae articulo
basali quam praeclava parum longiore, secundo parum breviore, apice, quern
articulus tertius totus format, obtuso, rotundato, post mortem immerso. Man-
dibulae (item atque maris ?) elongatae, fortiter curvatae, dentibus duobus
externis sat Icngis, acutis, interne brevissimo.

Long. 1,7 ram.

Habitat. Silhouette : " endemic forest near Mont Pot-a-eau, at about
1,500 ft."

Adn. Zeteiiconto abili quod Silvestri in Guinea Gallica invenit atque de-
scripsit, unicae generis speciei hucusque notae, species haec seychellensis nunc
annectitur, quae colore viricli-aeneo, antennis pcdibusque omnino luteis, facile
dignosci potest. In clava maris vestigium suturae articuli tertii recognovi, in

148 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

feminae autem articulum apicale membrana tantum apicis, quae exsiccatione
immergitur, con.stare observavi.
Specimina duo cJo, unum ?.

Gen. Euryrhopalus Howard.

24. Euryrhopalus diaphoroceras, sp. n. (fig.s. 19, 20).

Femina. Capite obscure viridi, subnitido, vertice nigricante : antenni.'*
praeter clavam fuscam obscure luteis ; thorace vix nitente cum pleuris abdomi-
nisque basi nigro-cyaneis ; abdomine reliquo capiti concolore ; coxis et femoribus
nigris, tibiis cum calcaribus brunneis, tibiarum secundi paris latere anteriore
in dimidio apicali testaceo ; tarsis omnibus rufis ; proalis ad radiculam infuscatis,
spatio pone eellulam basalem usque ad dimidium longitudinis castaneo-umbrato,
linea pallida longitudinaU, post medium duplicata, diviso. in latere exteriore
zona albida arcuata limitato ; subcosta flavo-fusca, nervis marginal! et stig-
matico brunneis.

Caput magnum, lenticulare, postice excavatum, antice visum subtransver-
sum, rotundatum ; oculis permagnis, latis, glabris ; vertice angusto 1/5 capitis
latitudinis aequante, postice acute marginato, antrorsum decUvi, versus frontem
liaud limitato ; ocellis in triangulum subaequilaterum dispositis, extemis oculis
contiguis ; antennarum scrobibus recte linearibus, superne convergentibus
sed tamen .separatis ; spatio inter antennas transverse curvato, baud carinato ;
superficie tota reticulo insculpta minutissimo, sat fortiter impresso, areolis
genarum elongatis, fere linearibus ; foveolis rotundis in parte inferiore faciei
excavatis, .secundum lineas tran.sversas sat rcgulariter di.spositis, in vertice

quadriseriatis, seriebus externis orbitae
contiguis, internis in fronte duplicatis itaque
series quatuor formantibus.

Antennae ad os insertae, inter lineam
ocularem et marginem oralem aequo spatio
remotae ; scapus in scrobe fere totus recep-
"_\"V--\-jyrr^ tus, longitudine 3/4 latitudinis oculi fere

V^r"" ■ • ^ aequans, dimidio quam flagellum brevior ;

pedicellus latitudine sesquilongior ; funiculi

Fio. 19. — Euryrhopalus diaphorocerus,^. ,. ,. . . . , , .

i.iiaseuumcxi5);.,proaiaenervi(^4o,. articuh trcs primi parv'i, subquadrati,

quatuor sequentes conspicue maiores, aeque
longi atque lati, bene discrcti, omnes pilis sat longis ornati ; clava articulis
praecedentibus duobus et dimidio aequilonga, suturis obliquis divisa.

Thorax brevis, altus, gibbosus. Scutum margine antico obtuse angulato,
postico leniter arcuato, vestigio sulci scapularis nuUo. Axillae eosta longi-
tudinal! coniunctae. Scutellum triangulare, aeque longum atque latum, con-
vexum, apice rotundatum. Sculptura totius dorsi reticulata, quam capitis
minus fortiter impressa, areolis subrotundis iUis capitis plerumque maioribus.
in parte anteriore scutelli eonspicuis, versus apioem et super axillas minoribus.
Mesopleura minute, confertissime, in longitudinem striata. Metapleura reticu-
lata.

Proalae nervo marginal! brevissimo parum latitudine sua longiore, post-
marginaU fere nullo, stigmatico quam marginal! triplo longiore ; margine apicali
breviter ciliato ; cellula costali lata setisque instructa secundum lineam dis-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 149

positis longitudinalem dimidium eiii.s apicale dividentem superque nervum
marginalem desinentem ; cellula basali fere tota glabra.

Abdomen thorace brevius, depressiim, politum. Terebra apice crasso,
fusifonni.

Pili hand frequentes, super caput ac thorax ordinati, in apice scuteUi paul-
lum longiores, .super faciem brevissimi, ad marginem
segmenti primi abdominalis uniseriati.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.

Specimen unicum.

Adn. Huic generi, Bothriothoraci afKni, una
tantum species pertinebat, Eu. schwarzi How., in
Florida capta, a seychellensi praecipue difEerens funi-
culi articulis multo brevioribus, clava latiore et funiculo
fere aequilonga. Verisimile mihi videtur has species, fiq. 20. — Buryrhopalua
etsi flagelli structura diversas, eidem generi esse diaphoroceiua, $.

attribuendas, nam in Bothriothorace funiculi articulorum ''''^" "'TrS" ""A" ''"" "^
et clavae forma ac proportio valde variant.

Gen. Symphycus, n.

Species quam sum descripturus, secundum Mayri monographiam Encyrto
potius adscribenda, Aphyco aifinis est antennarum feminae structura. Ab hoc
autem genere setarum nervorumque in proalis di-positione, nee non antennis
maris ab illis feminae valde differentibus, facile di.tingui potest.

25. Sjnnphycus aphycoides, sp. n. (figs. 21, 22).

Femina. Nigra, oculis tegulisque concoloribus, capite et dorso subopacis
interdum nigro-aeneis ; ocellis et scapo flavo-brunneis, funiculo nigro, clava
versus apicem gradatim pallidiore, in articulo apicali griseo-albida ; pedibus
fere totis brunneis, tibiis fiavo-fuscis, mediis obscure luteis, tarsis omnibus
colore hoc dilutiore et apice infuscato ; alls leniter fumatis, nervis flavo-griseis,
marginali et postmarginali quam ceteris obscurioribus, stigmatico grisescente
pallido ; pilis dorsi griseo-fuscis, antennarum nigris.

Caput vix thorace latius, longitudine et latitudine subaequalibus (pro-
portione 100:112) vertice postice marginato 1/3 fere latitudinis formante ;
ocellis in triangulum aequilaterum dispositis, externis ab oculis remotis spatio
ipsorum diametro aequali ; oculis hirtis ; genis orbitis fere aequilongis, infra
magis incurvis ; peristomio sat lato, clypei margine leniter convexo, man-
dibulis parvis acute tridentatis denteque medio longiore ; facie immersa, inferne
subcarinata ; insertione antennarum labro magis quam lineae oculari propinqua.
Caput de latere inspectum crassum, semiovale, cculis late ovalibus, genis
perspicue recte sulcatis.

Antennae inter se magis quam ab ore distantes, sat longe rigido-pilosae.
Scapus subfusiformi-compressus, latere ventrali magis arcuato ; pedicellus
conicus, latitudine sesquilongior ; articulus primus funiculi parvus fere aeque
longus atque latus ; sequentes bene discreti, basi rotundati, apice truncati,
gradatim longiores et crassiores, conspicue magnitudine crescentes ; articulus
secundus pedicello latitudine aequalis, sextus longitudine sua fere duplo latior,
triplam latitudinem articuli primi fere aequans, longitudinis pedicelli 3/4 tantum

150

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017.

\\v\ V^

Fio. 21.^ — Symphycus aphycoidee.

1, feminae antenna ( X 80); "J, maris (X 87).

attiiigens. Clava magna, quam funiculus dimidio brevior, subcomprcssa, apice

truncato-rotundata, praeclavae latitudinem paullo
superans, basi suturisque valde obliquis, pilis
quam funiculi brevioribus et versus apicem cur-
tantibus.

Thorax brevis, gibbus, dorso pilis subtilibus
sat longis usque ad apicem scutelli ornato. Pars
praeaxillaris mesonoti desuper inspecta trape-
zoidalis, lateribus rectis. Axillae baud conni-
ventes. Scutellum triangulare, aeque longum
atque latum, apice baud rotundatum, quam
mesonotum sesquilongius. Scutum sculptura re-
ticulata ; areolae axillarum parum minores, baud
elongatae, omnes aequales ; areolae scutelli quam
mesonoti et axillarum paullum minores. Meso-
pleura subnitida, minute et subtiliter reticulato-
sulcata. Metapleura striato-rugosa.

Proalae magnae. cellula eostali sat lata, nervo marginali ad 1/3 longitudinis
incipiente, fere duple longiore quam latiore, stigmatico huic aequilongo, post-
marginali sesquibreviore ; pilis super cellulani
basalem et infra nervum marginalem raris, quam
ceteris multo longioribus ; area speculari baud
determinata. Alae metathoracis cellula eostali
ad hamulos extensa.

Pedes intermedii tarso infra rigido-setoso,
calcari acuminato apicem metatarsi vix attin-
gente ; tibiae posticae calcari parvo.

Abdomen cordifonne, spiraculis basi propin-
quis, valvula paullum prominente.
Long. 1 mm.

Mas differt thorace abdomineque supra
nitidis, dorso obscure griseo-viridi, scutello in dimidio anteriore vitta longitu-
dinali cuprescenti-fusca ; antennis fiavo-fuscis baud incrassatis. pilis obsciiriori-
bus, baud vcrticillatis, et super clavam atque funiculum quam huius articulis
dupio longioribus, pedicello brevi, articulis funiculi cylindricis omnibus crassitie
aequalibus, ultimis latitudine aesquilongioribus ; clava inarticulata (?) quam
praeclava fere dujjlo longiore ; oculis de latere inspectis latioribus, subrotundis ;
mesopleurae sculptura magis obsoleta, vix conspicua ; nervo stigmatico ncnnihil
longiore ; abdomine elongate triangulari, quam thorace paullum breviore.
Long. 1,25 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochcns.— JIahe : Cascade Estate. " At
about 1,00(1 ft."

Specimina tria $9, unum S-

Fig. 22. — Symphycus aphycoides, $.
1. proala (X 3U) ; 2, eiusdem nervi(x 9C).

Gen. Blastothrix Mayr.
26. Blastothrix, sp. (fig. 23).
Femina. Capite aurantiaco, mesonoti parte praeaxUlari, axillis et scutello
aeruginosis, vel interdum leniter infuscatis, vel capiti concoloribus, mcsopleuris

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 151

ochraceis, abdomine brunneo, pedibus albidis ; oculis, ocellis, antennanim
radicula, scapo, excepto annulo articulari et macula lateris anterioris ad basim
fasciaque arcnata ad apicem, pedicello non ultra 2/3 eius longitudinis, et funiculi
articulo primo toto, nigris, reliquis antennae partibus pilisque omnibus albis ;
pronoto praeter humeros flavescentes, mesonoti margine anteriore, axillarum
suturis, linea media scutelli usque ad dimidium longitudinis. nee non metanoto,
etiam nigris ; pilis dorsi albis ; sutura freni inconspicua interdum maculi.s
fumatis indicata ; tegulis, axUlulis et alarum nervis brunnec-griseis ; meta-
pleuris abdominisque basis lateribus brunneo-Iuteis ; margine femorum superiore,
tibiarum exteriore, fusco-lineatis. tibiarum basi extus fusco-maculata. tarsis

apice brunneis ; alis leniter fumatis.

Habitus sicut in figuris Bl. subproximae 8ilvestri {Boll. Labor. Zool. gen.

c agr. Portici, ix. 1915. p. 346. figs. vii. viii.).

Vertex 1/3 capitis latitudinis oecupan.s (in uno spccimine proportione
10 : 28,5, in alio 10 : 29,5). Ocelli triangulum subaequilaterum formantes.

posteriores ab oculis remoti spatio eorum diametrum nonnihil superante. Scapus

valde laminato-compressus, dupio longior

quam latior, latitudine maxima ad niediam

longitudinem. latere ventrali fortiter cur- CTJ ^..X-i^--^

vato : pedicellus latitudine scapi paullum

brevior ; funiculi articuli aequilongi,

ultimus pedicello baud, primus vix

angustior ; clava articulos praecedentes

duos et dimidium longitudine aequans,

i„ + ;+„ 1- ,, ,. . Fig. 23. — Blaatolhrix sp., 2.

latitudine parum superans. Verticis,

^ Antenna (x 5S).

mesopleurae abdominisque sculptura, nisi

magis quam 100 diam. magnificata, inconspicua, confertissime punctulata,

abdominis foveolis paullum elongatis ; sculptura dorsi etiam magis minuta.

Nervus postmarginalis et stigmaticus aequilongi. quam marginalis nonnihil

longiores.

Long. 1,15-1,18 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " found near Morne Blanc and at Cascade Estate, but only
in dense beds of the introduced fern Gleichenia dichotoma." *

Specimina sex.

Adn. Blastothrix insolitus How. (Chalcididae of the Isle of Grenada : Journ.
Linn. Soc. xxvi. 1898. p. 150) huic speciei colore aliisque characteribus similis,
nervo postmarginali brevissimo praecipue difierre videtur.

Gen. Scotteus, n.

Huius generis femina tantum mihi nota est, eiusque mandibulas et abdominis
tegmenta examinare non potui. Antennis atque proaHs similitude est Bothrio-
thoraci oleae et B. minori Silv., qui tamen a typicis BothriotJioracibus satis differunt.
Characteres qui praecipui videntur. hi sunt : caput crassum, transverse ellipti-
cum, scrobibus confluentibus, profundis. vertice angusto. sparsim punetato ;

* Dense patches of this fern are numerous in the mountain-forests of the Seychelles. Another
insect found exclusively, and in large numbers, in them, was Semidalia aJTicana Enderlein, the
only Coniopterygid found in the Seychelles (see Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 1910. pp. 28, 57).— HuQH
Soorr.

152

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. IfllT.

thorax brevis, sciitello longitxidine latius, setis paiicis sparsis instnicto, in disco
et basi confertissimc piinctato, reliqua superficie lacvi. nitida ; abdomen lati-
tudine brevius, etiam seniicirculare ; femora subcompressa, curvata ; tibiae
apice latae.

Clarissimo viro Hugh Scott hoc genus dicatur.

27. Scotteus ochroleucus, sp. n. (fig. 24).

Femina. Capite viridi, aureo-nitente, ad marginem .oralem ob.scure cjaneo,
oculis, ocellis, .scapo et pedicello nigro-biunneis, hoc apice. itemque iuuiculi
articulis, brunneis, clava pallide flavo-grisca ; corpore pcdibusque maxima
parte flavo-ochracei.'!, coxis et femoribus postiei.s abdcmineque ad brunntum
colorem vergentibus, mesonoti parte praeaxiUari nitore subviridi. metallico,
scutelli partibus in.sculpti.s, id est basi et disco, aeneis, reliquis politis aureo vel
purpureo nitentibus.

Caput latitudine metathoraccm vix superans, antice inspcctum transverse
ellipticum, diametro minore 3/4 maioris, vertice argusto 1/4, aequantibus ;
oculis magnis baud prominulis. pubescentia brevi at satis conferta, c-rbita faciali
valde divergente ; linea oculari inferiore 2/5 capitis Inngitudinis ab ere remcta ;
torulis superne banc lineam tangentibus, inferne inter cam et marginem oralem
aeque remotis ; scrobibus profunde excavatis, extus marginatis atque orbitis
fere contiguis, superne confluentibus et arcum formantibus ultra mediam orbi-
tarum altitudinem verticem fere attingentem ; area triangulari scrcbibus inter-
posita elevata. Ocelli in triangulum subaequilaterum dispositi, posteriores
oculos tangentes, a margine occipitali acuto spatio eorum diametro aequali,

inter sese spatio duplo remoti. Caput do
latere visum subtriangulare, latum, genis
vix obtuse carinatis, conspicue sulcatis et
reticulo minuto inscidptis, areolis angustis
elongatis, ita ut eae striatae appareant.
Reliqua capitis superficip.s nitida. minute
ac fere inconspicue reticulato-sulcata ;
vertex etiam punctis sparsis, in linea
transversa 4-5, impressus ; fovea anten-
nalis reticulo fortius insculpto.

Scapus scrobem superans, compresso-
claviformis, in dimidio apicali lateris ven-
tralis carinatus, apice tamen constrictus ;
pedicellus duplo longior quam apice latior,
1/3 scapi et articulos duos sequentes longi-
tudine aequans ; funiculi articuli sensim,
at modice, maiores, subquadrati ; clava
dimidiam longitudinem funiculi cum pedi-
cello aequans, conipressa, cjuani ])raeelava
fere duplo latior, in dimidio apicaH lateris
ventralis oblique truncata, margine articuli secundi pauUum pone medium
longitudinis cblique disposito, curvato.

Thorax latus ; pronoto brevissimo ; mescnoti parte praeaxiUari longitudine
sesquilatiorc, minute reticulato-sulcata areclis transversis, setis sparsis, 4-5

Fio. 24. — Scottetia ochroleucus, $.
1. antenna (x 45); 2, proala (x 45, areas obscuras et
lineam specularem demonstrat); 3, eiusdem pars stig-
matica (X 85).

NOVTTATES ZOOLOr.ICAE XXIV. 1917. 153

secundum lineam longitudinalem dispositis ; tegulis magnis ; axUlis angulo
interiore contiguis ; Kcutello convexo, lato, margine fere semicirculari, disco et
parte basali usque ad medium lateris posterioris axillarum confertissime punctu-
lato, reliqua superficie laevi, nitida, setis paucis sparsis ; mesopleura subtiliter
reticulato-sulcata areoHs rhombicis. Metanotum haud parvum, planum. Meta-
thoracis latitude = 29 ; distantia inter angulos antericres axillarum 22 ; scutelli
longitude 15.

Proalae nervo marginali ante medium sito, punctiformi ; postmarginali
brevissimo et stigmatico duple longiore non bene determinatis ; linea glabra
speculari nervum marginalem fere attingente. Alae metathoracis cellula costali
paullum ante medium nervi marginalis terminata.

Pedes femoribus compressis, cui'vatis. libia media apice dilatato quam
basi sesquilatiore, calcari crasso metatarso aequilongo ; hie articulo sequente
duplo longior. libia postica calcari unico munita eius latitudini apicali aequi-
longo.

Abdomen breve, latum, depressum, fere semicirculare, terebrae valvis vix
prominulis, superficie reticulato-sulcata. Basis latitude, in specimine exsiccate,
= 28, longitude 18 ; oviductus prominentia 2,5.

Long. 0,9 mm.

Hahihit. Mahe. apud Merne Blanc.

Specimen uniciim.

Gen. Encyrtus Dalman.
28. Encyrtus ventralis, sp. n.

Femina. Faciei dimidio inferiore temporibusque viridibus, fronte atque
vertice aeneis, punctis nitentibus aureis vel rubris ; eculis nigris, ecellis
brunneis ; pronoto nigro, mesonete in parte praeaxillari laete viridi pilisque albis
ornate ; axillis nigro-vrridibus ; scutelli apice violaceo, parte reliqua abdeminis-
que dimidie posteriore obscuris, leniter purpureo-nitentibus ; abdominis
dimidio basali supra et infra aurantiace ; mesopleuris violaceis, metapleuris
grisee-viridibus ; antennis, tegulis et alarum nervis flavo-griseis ; pedibus luteis,
coxis tantum basi, tarsisque apice, infuscatis.

Caput subtransversum. Vertex 1/4 capitis latitudinis occupans, margine
eccipitali subacute, ecellis angulum fere rectum fermantibus, externis ab oculis
spatie ipsorum diametre vix breviore remotis. Oculi glabri. Facies post
mortem profunde immersa, minute reticulata, fronte etiam reticulata, medice
vitro aucta granulosa. Sculptura verticis minute granulosa apparens, feveelis
nonnullis parum profundis, sparsis, quam areolis reticuli vix maieribus. diffi-
culter censpiciendis. Antennae ad es insertae, flagelle quam capitis latitudine
paullum maiore, funiculi articulis 1.-3. subaequalibus, parvis, longitudine
paullum angustieribus, simul sumptis quam pedicello vix longieribus ; articule
4. et 5. quam prime fere sesquilongioribus ac maiori latitudine, articulo sexte
quam prime fere duplo longiore ; clava magna, longitudinem articulorum funi-
culi 3.-6. aequante, quam praeclava vix latiore, in articulos subaequales divisa.

Mesonotum reticulatum, areolis aequalibus quam verticis granulis maieri-
bus ; axillae haud conniventes, sculptura minutissima, vix ccnspicienda ;
scutellum nitidum, latitudine sua brevius proportione 10 : 13, in 1/4 apicali
laeve, reliquo spatie reticulatum, areolis prope axillas illis mesonoti aequalibus.

154

NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. lflI7.

versus apicem sensim minoribus. Mesopleurae reticulatae, areolis quam scuti
vix maioribus.

Proalae sat longe ciliatae, nervo marginali aeque longo atque lato, nerv^o
stigmatico quam marginali parum longiore, postmarginali fere nullo, incerte
terminate, setis super cellulam basalem raris. brevioribus, speculo lato, txtus
bene limitato et secundum lineam mediam setis nonnullis instructo.

Abdomen thoraci aequilongum, reticulatum. aspectu subgranuloMim.

Long. 0.95 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.

Specimen unicum.

Gex. Paiageniaspis, n.

Huic generi affinitas est Encyrto sensu lato, sed magis Ageniaspidi.
C'haracteres eius praecipui hi sunt : flagellum crassiusculum, forma in maribus
atque feminis vix diversa ; funiculi articuli sex bene discreti, primus quam
secundus haud conspicue minor, omnes in mare subquadrati ; clava utriusque
sexus ovata. distincte articulata.

29. Parageniaspis macrocerus, sp. n. (figs. 25, 26).

Femina. Capite pro parte ct thoracis lateribus nigris, vertice, fronte,
mesonoti parte praeaxillari abdomineque nigro-aeneis. subnitidis ; scutello
obscure viridi, metallico, lateribus et apice auratis magis nitentibus ; meta-
pleura interdum his partibus concolore ; oculis griseo-rufis, antennis, tegulis,
coxis omnibus, femoribus anticis in dimidio basali, posterioribus praeter apicem
vel totis, tibiis posticis praeter apicem vel etiam praeter latus anterius,
brunneis ; tarsorum articulo ultimo vittaque in latere anteriore tibiae antieae
fuscis, reliquis pedum partibus obscure luteis ; proalis grisescentibus, nervo
marginali brunneo, stigmatico pallido.

Caput vertice haud lato 1/3 totius latitudinis occupante ; ocellis in tri-

angulum fere aequilaterum dis-
positis, externis spatio ab ocuhs
remotis quam ipsorum diametro
dimidio breviore ; oculis sat ma-
gnis, hirtis ; genis subrectis his
fere aequilongis ; clypei margine
arcuato ; antennis inter os et
lineam ocularem insertis, eminen-
tia parva separatis.

Flagellum crassum, pilis lon-
giusculis usque ad medium clavae
instructum, funiculi articulis et
clava isthmo tenui, brevissimo,
coniunctis ; pedicello latitudine
sua sesquilongiore : articulo primo funiculi quam pedicello breviore, sequen-
tibus gradatim latioribus, vix brevioribus, sexto longitudine sua paullum latiorc ;
clava divisa, articulis praecedentibus duobus ct dimidio aequilorga, nonnihii
crassiore

Sculptura capitis reticulata, minuta, vix conspicua, super verticem et
frontem areolis maioribus constans, punctis piliferis paucis sparse impressis.

Fig. 25. — Parageniaspis macrocerus.

1, maris; 2, feminae antenna; (x 80).

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 155

Dorsum ante scutellum reticiilatiini. foveolis piliferis sat magnis sparsis ;
scutellum subtriangulare, in longitudinem conferte et subtiliter striato-reticu-
latum, lateribus et apice glabris sculptura fere obsoleta, reliquo spatio pilis
paucis longis seriatis ornatum. Axillae hand conniventes, reticulo quam in
scutello magis minuto. Mesopleurae fortiter vitro auctae (x 150) scabrae,
sculptura baud conspicua

Proalae fere duple quam abdomen longiores, .sub nervo stigmatico latissimae,
costa u.sque ad mediam longitudinem extensa, nervo marginal! fere triple longiore
quam latiore, stigmatico huic aequilongo dente acuto terminate, nervo post-
marginaU incerte limitate, quam marginali baud breviore ; cellula costali pilis
instructa brevissimis, sparsis, aliisque in dimidio extericre marginis longis
uni.seriatis ; cellula basali et area speculari usque ad marginem posticum etiam
longe at parce pilosis ; margine exteriore pilis baud brevibus ornato quorum
maximi nervo marginali fere aequilongi.

Pedes satis elengati, intermedii tarso indentato, spini.s tenuibus munito
nee non calcari longitudinem articuli tarsalis primi aequante ; tibiae posticae
apice baud compresso-dilatatae, calcari parvo instructae.

Abdomen subtriquetrum, therace vix longius, apice acuto, supeificie reticu-
lata, sculptura minus perspicua, areolis tamcn quam in scute maioribus.

Long. 1,3 mm.

Mas differt vertice, fronte, dorse abdomineque viridi-aeneis, facie inter
antennarum insertiones violacea, pedibus nigro-
brunneis, genubus, tibiis apice, mediis totis, tar- xfy /-/•'^^y?
sisque omnibus obscure luteis, borum apice fusee ;
funiculi articulis subquadratis fere aec[ualibus,
sicut in femina breviter pedunculatis, articulo sexto
aeque longo atque late, clava quam hoc duple
longiore, articulis subdiscretis, basali quam praeclava

., ., , . , , ... i- 1 t Fig. 2G.—Paragemaapis

nonnihij longiore ; sculptura verticis reticulata per- macrocerus, <J,

spicua foveolis rotundatis magnis, numerosis, juxta proaiae pars dimijia basaiis (x es).

oculos fere contigiiis ; mesopleura confertim et

minute striate-sulcata : abdomine triangulari, apice truncate, quam in femina

breviore, latitudine paullum longiore, dorse immerse, segmentis subaequalibus.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate. — Silhouette : Mare aux C'ochons.

Specimina duo ??, unum (J.

Gex. Geniaspidius, n.
Species cuius descripto sequitur, generi novo Ageniaspidi aflfini attribuenda,
ab ee differt funiculi articuhs in mare omnibus aequilongis, scutelli super-
ficie tota pilosa, alae metatheracis cellula cestali nervi marginalis initium attin-
gente, calcari secundi paris pedum quam in Ageniaspide minore ac minus rebusto,
tibiis posticis biealearatis, aliisque etiam characteribus, qui an in feminis quoque
occurrant mihi est ignotum, Verticis et frontis sculptura m nervique stigma-
tici formam pro generis characteribus sumere non aestimavi.

30. Geniaspidius viduus, sp. n. (fig. 27).

Mas. Niger, scape concolore, flagello, alarum nervis, thoracis abdominisque
latere ventrali, pedibusque cum coxis flavo-griseis, femoribus autem omnibus
et tibiis posticis obscurioribus, tibiis mediis interne et apice, cum tarsis, pallidis.

156

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Vertex 1/3 capitis latitudinis occupans, ocellis in triangulum subaequi-
laterum dispositis, po-sterioribus ab oculis atque margine occipitali spatio eorum
diametrum fere aequante remotis. Ociili pubescentes, ex latere inspecti sub-
rotundi ; genae sulco .subtili at profundo notatae ; peristomium angustum, clypei
margine' arcuato ; mandibulae parvae, tridentatae ; facies inter antennas

obtuse carinata.

Scapus ad medium crassior ; pedicellus latitudine et longitudine aequalibus ;

articuli sex sequentes omnes bene discreti, subaequales, quam pedicellus sesqui-

longiores sed baud crassiores ; clava articulis duobus

praecedentibus paullum longior, suturis parum con-

spicuis.

Sculptura capitis minute reticulata, leniter impressa,
foveolis nonnullis in fronte quadriseriatis seriebusque
externis orbitis contiguis.

Mesonoti pars praeaxillaris item que scuteUum in
longitudinem confertim et minutissime striata, pilis sat
magnis, crebris, ordine dispositis, instructa. Pleurae
minute reticulatae.

Proalae magnae, apicem abdominis valde superantes,

latitudine longiores proportione 2:7; cellula basali in

dimidio interiore fere omnino glabra, in exteriore pilis

nonnullis sat longis ornata ; pubescentia breviore, satis

conferta, sub nei-vo marginali incipiente, speculo inter

banc et cellulam basalem incerte limitato ; pilis fimbriae

longiusculis ; nervo marginali latitudine sua sesqui-

longiore, stigmatico quam marginali fere dimidio breviore

denteque parvo ad medium lateris anterioris instnicto,

nervo postmarginali quam stigmatico baud longiore. Alae posteriores apicem

abdominis vix superantes, cellula costali super nervum marginalem non elongata.

Calcar medium satis tenue, acuminatum, metatarsum baud superans.

Tibiae posticae calcaribus duobus parvis, subaequalibus, munitae.

Abdomen thoraee baud longius, basi angustum, elongate triangulari, non
longe a basi prope spiracula setis instructum eius apicem fere attingentibus.
Long. 0,9 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.
Specimen unicum.

Fio. 27. — Geniaepidiua
viduus, (J.

1, antennae apex ; 2, proalae
nervi; 3, pedis intermedii tibiae
apex cum tarso ; (X 80).

Gen. Habrolepis Forster.
31, Habrolepis aeruginosa, sp. n.

Femina. Aeruginosa, oculis occllisque brunneis. vertice iridescente ; scapo,
femoribus tibiisque in latere inferiore nigro lineatis ; calcari medio et tarsorum
apice fuscis ; mesonoto et scutello subnitidis, cyaneo-micantibus ; proalis fere
totis infumatis at his partibus hyalinis : fascia sub nervo humerali, area
infra huius medium, alia, .subrotunda, ad angulum alae posteriorem, alia forma
semicirculari, apicem occupante, aliaque circum extremitatem nervi marginalis,
incerte limitata.

Vertex reticulatus, punctis setigeris irrcgulariter in longitudinem dispositis,
in margine orbitali tantum uniseriatis ; spatio inter oculos aeque longo atque

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 157

lato ; ocellis angulum obtusum formantibus, posterioribus margini occipitali
acuto et orbitae fere contiguis. Sviperficies ocularis pubescens. Scapus laminato-
compressus, marginc inferiore conspicue arcuato. (Reliquae antcnnarum partes
in specimine desunt.) Jlesonoti par.s praeaxillaris reticulato-squamosa, areolis
quam verticis maioribus. Axillae et scutellum .sculptura reticulata minus
conspicua, in apice seutelli fere obsoleta. .Scutellum latitudine sua parum
longius, forma semielliptica, setis nonnullis longis, tenuibus, instructum. Prcalae
ner\'o stigmatico marginali aequilongo : fascia glabra specular! incerte limitata,
setis super cellulam basalem infraque nervum marginalem, item atque in nervis
omnibus, longioribus.

Long. 1,3 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons plateau.

Adn. Proalarum maculae fumatae eodem modo sunt in hac specie dis-
positae quo in Hahrolepide dalmanni Westw. et H. oppugnati Silv. Ab his
et ab Hahrolepide zetterstedtii Westw. species seychellensis, de qua ampliorem
descriptionem facere nequeo. facile distingui potest colore aeruginoso. Setas
lamellares in margine occipitali vel in scuteUi apice non inveni.

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Mahencyrtus, n.

Huius generis femina non est reperta, mas ab uno tantum specimine hie
describitur. Generi relatio est cum Cerapterocero et Chilonevro. nee non cum
Diversinervo Silv. : ab hoc autem differt antennis in linea oculari insertis, meta-
thoracis alis minus latis et in margine postico minus curvatis, abdomine magis
elongato, segmento basaU minore : a Chiloneuro flagelli pilis non verticiUatis,
clavae fere omnibus elongatis, fviniculi articulis medio baud constrictis, scuto
pilis argenteis nullis, scutello apice glabro ; a Cerapterocero denique antennis
infra lineam ocularem insertis, funiculi articulis valde elongatis, scutello foveolis
fere linearibus et contiguis insculpto, baud nitido, nervo marginali et post-
marginali angustioribus ac longioribus.

32. Mahencyrtus occultans, sp. n. (figs. 28, 29).

Mas. Capite, mesonoti parte praeaxillari, metanoto cum metapleuris et
abdominis basi aureo-viridibus, nitidis ; abdomine reliquo, prothorace axillisque
nigro aeneis ; scutello flavescenti-aeneo, subopaco : mesopleuris, tegulis et
oculis nigris ; carina super clypeum cupresccnte, hcc fere nigro ; antennis
obscure luteis, funiculi juncturis, pilis et clavae apice fuscis ; pedibus maxima
parte luteis, coxis, femoribus anticis in dimidio basali, mediis brevi spatio in
latere anteriore, posticis praeter basim et apicem cum tibiis prope basim, nee
non tarsorum omnium apice, etiam fuscis ; alis hyahnis, nervis flavo-brunneis,
marginali et postmarginali obscurioribus.

Caput antice visum rotundatum, vertice dimidium latitudinis occupante,
oculis magnis, glabris, genis fortiter curvatis, clypeo medio recte marginato,
antennis in medio faciei insertis, ab oculis pauUum magis quam inter se remotis ;
linea oculari inferiore inter antennas et marginem clypei aequo spatio distante ;
facie circum antennarum insertiones excavata, inter has elevata, obtuse carinata.
Caput de latere inspectum ellipticum, oculis ovatis at postice margine recto,
obliquo, limitatis ; genis haud compresso-acutis, sulco perspicuo notatis. Vertex

168

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

FiQ. 28. — Mahencyrtus occultana, q.

Antennae pars (x SO), ex spcoiiuine

eKsiccato delineata.

postice haud margiuatus. Ocelli in angulum obtusum dispositi, externi ab
ocuUs remoti spatio ipsorum diametrum aequante. Superficies sulcato-reticu-
lata, areolis super verticem transversis, foveolis nonnullis rotundatis etiam in
dimidio inferiore faciei impressis.

Scapus subcompresso-dilatatus, supra medium latissimus, ocellum anteriorem

attingens ; flagellum tenue, valde elongatum,
longitiidinem thoracis cum capite superans, pilis
instructum sparsis, etiam super clavam prae-
clavae aequilongis, articulis aequali latitudine ;
pedicello aeque longe atque lato, funiculi articulo
primo fere sesquibreviore, clava longitudinem
articuli primi cum pedicello aequante, indivisa.

Pars praeaxillaris mesonoti scutello longior,
reticulata, foveolis rotundatis sparse impressa ;
axillae separatae, reticido minus conspicuo areo-
lisque minoribus ; scutellum triangulare, areolis elongatis, fere linearibus fortiter
insculptum, apice tantum sculptura obsoleta areoUsque subrotundis. Meso-
pleura leviter atque minute reticulata, in dimidio antcriore areolis minoribus,
elongatis. Metathoraeis latera pilis paucis
prope stigma tantum ornata ; dorsum pilis sub-
tilibus, nusquam confertis.

Proalae nervo marginaii quam eius latitu-
dine duplo longiore, stigmatico ac postmar-
ginali liuic subaequalibus, cellula basali in
dimidio posteriore pubcscente, speculo infra
praestigma bene limitato, antice curvato, infra
nervum marginalem extenso. Alae meta-
thoraeis elongatae, angustae, margine postico
vix arcuato, cellula costali hamulos attingente.
Pedes longiuseuli, calcari dimidio meta-
tarso aequilongo.

Abdomen thoraci aequilongum, elongate ovale, segmentis 5. et 7. longioribus,
ultimo in specimine exsiccato ad 2/3 alae anterioris desinente, omnibus margine
postico valde curvato.
Long. 1,5 mm.
Habitat. Mahe.
Specimen unicum.

Fig. 29. — Mahencyrtus occultana, <J.

Alae (X 37 — i)ili in superficie alae posteriori^i
Bon sunt delincati).

Genus ?.

Specimen unicum, masculinum, cuius descriptio .sequitur, notis quibusdam
simile est praecedenti, sed in eodem genere non convenit fronte fovea magna
non excavata, nervo marginaii longiore, speculo lineari, aliisque etiam characteri-
bus. An sit hoc exemplar generi novo attribuendum mihi dubium est.

33. Genus et sp. ?.

Mas. Capite et dorso cum metapleuris aureo-viridibus ; facie infra anten-
narum insertionem usque ad marginem clypei violaceo-purpurea ; oculis fere
nigris ; antennis flavo-griseis, clavae apice, radicula pilisque obscurioribus ;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 15&

pilis mesonoti albidis ; scutello in dimidio apieali cuprescente ; mesopleuris
nigris, leniter violaceo-nitentibus ; tegulis brunneis ; alarum nervis flavo-griseis ;
pedibus cum coxis anticis atqwe pcsticis luteis, coxis mediis fere totis brunneis,
tarsis anticis totis, posterioribus apice tantum, infuscatis ; abdomine viridi-
aeneo. purpureo vel aureo nitente.

Caput hemisphaericum, antice visum rotundatum, fere aeque longum atque
latum ; vertice 1/3 latitudinis aequante, antrorsum baud declivi, postice acute
marginato, confertim et minutissime punctulato, in eius parte postica tantum
fere obsolete insculpto, foveolis rotundatis paucis ad marginem orbitarum
aUisque nonnullis sparsis impresso ; ocellis in triangulum aequilaterum dis-
positis, externis fere oculis contiguis. Orbitae inferne valde divergentes, genis
parum longiores ; oculorum superficies glabra ; facies reticulata, areolis frontis
minoribus, spatio inter marginem clypei et insertiones antennarum arcuatim
striguloso, obtuse carinato ; scrobibus profunde excavatis, non ultra dimidiam
orbitarum altitudinem extensis, medio confiuentibus ; clypei margine concave,
limbato ; labro item cuivato. margine rigide piloso. Mandibulae tridentatae.

Antennae in linea oculari insertae, ab ore 1/4 capitis longitudinis et magis
quam inter se remotae, longitudinem corporis aequantes, flagello quam scapo
quadruplo longiore, pedicello, funiculi articulis et clava crassitie aequalibus,
pilis saltim pedicello aequUongis, aequaliter distributis ; articulis funiculi omnibus
annello perspicuo coniunctis ; articulo primo latitudine sua sesquilongiore et
pedicello aequilongo, secundo duplam, sexto triplam latitudincm longitudine
aequantibus ; clava articulis 5. et 6. simul sumptis fere aequilonga, elongate
ovato-acuminata, articulis subdiscretis, basali 2/5 eius longitudinis aequante.

Mesonoti pars praeaxillaris reticulata, pilis satis numerosis ornata. Axillae
baud conniventes. areolis quam in scuto minoribus. Areolae scutelli fere lineares,
in longitudinem dispositae, prothoracis lateris et mesothoracis ante mesopleuram
magnae, rhomboidales, sulcis limitatae ; in mesopleura fere tola elongatae,
confertae, in longitudinem dispositae, in eius parte supero-posteriore subrotundae,
in parte anteriore leniter excavatae. Callus pilis nonnullis albis instructus.

Proalae sat longe ciliatae, nervo marginali longo, stigmatico brevissimo,
postmarginali fere nullo, speculo lineari ex nervo stigmatico valde oblique
producto.

Calcar tibiae posticae dimidium articuli jirimi tarsalis non attingens.

Abdomen paullum thorace brevius.

Long. 0,88 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade, " from marshy ground near sea-level."

.Specimen unicum.

SuBFAM. EUPELMINAE.

Gen. Eupelmus Dalman.

34. Eupelmus malgascius, sp. n.

Feniinu. Obscure olivaceo-viridis, fronte, in specimine, praeter aream orbitae
contiguam, nigro-violacea, pilis faciei et dorsi albis, antennis scapo ao pedicello
nigro-viridibus, submetallicis, funiculo et clava nigris ; abdomine basi superne
cyanea, reliquo dorso subaeneo ; pedibus pro maxima parte fulvo-ochraceis,
coxis anticis atque posticis, femore antico praeter basim et apicem, postico in

160 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

dimidio basali, corpori concoloribus ; femore medio in margine superiorc in-
fuscato ; tibia antica et postica dimidio basali nigris, tibia media basi obscura,
spinulis apicis, item atque tarsi, nigris ; tarsorum apice fusco ; alls dilute flavc-
griseis, nervis paullum obscurioribus ; oviductu in 1/3 basali nigro-viridi, in
1/3 apicali fusco, spatio reliquo ochraceo.

Antennae articulis funiculi 5.-(>. latitudine manifeste longioribus.

Proalarum speculum linea glabra indicatum.

Pedes antici femore subtus laminato-comprcsso ; pedes intermedii spinulis
tibiae apicis sex, spinulis articuli tarsalis primi 12 in utraque serie. quarum
3-4 ultimae in lineam exteriorem dispositao. secundi 5, tertii 2, quarti 1.

Abdomen tergitis 1.-4. profunde angulatim incisis. Oviductus dimidiam
tibiae posticae longitudinem vix superans.

Long. 2,5 mm.

Habitat. .Mahe : "country above Port Glaud, 500-1,000 ft "

Specimen unicum.

Adn. Species Eupelmo urozono Dalm. affinis, colore alarum, tibiarum et
coxae mediae facile distinguenda, ab Eupelmo afro Silv. praecipue differens al's
obscuris, spinarum numero maiore in apice tibiae mediae.

Gen. Eupelmoides, n.

Speciei huius generis typicae femina tantum est nota, Eupelmo urozono
thoracis structura nee non corporis forma similis, at abdominis valvula vomeri-
formi, huius apicem attingente, et alarum characteribus praecipue differens.

Haec est generis diagnosis :

Femina. Caput vix transversum, vertice perangusto, terete, ocelhs omnibus
superioribus. oculis magnis. aspectu glabris, linea oculari inferiore in 3/4 capitis
longitudinis. mandibulis bidentatis. id est dente medio atque posteriore connatis.
Antennae inter lineam ocularem et clypeum insertae, scapo verticem non supe-
rante, flagello elongate, tenui, annello et praeclava subquadratis, funiculi articulis
1.-4. longis, clava dilatata, ovata. Axillae hand remotae ; metanoti pars pone
scutelium brevissima, antice atque postice concava et marginibus medio fere
contiguis. Proalae nervo postmarginali quam stigmatico duplo longiore. super-
ficie confertim pubescente, speculo nuUo. Abdomen longum, tergito basali
profunde diviso, secundo angulatim incise, 4.-6. convexo-marginatis, hoc ultimo
septimum obtegente, sternitis valvulam formantibus vomeris ad instar, ab-
dominis apicem fere attingentem ; terebrae valvis in specie typica tergito sexto
subaequilongis.

Mas ignotus.

35. Eupelmoides obscuratus, sp. n. (figs. 30-32).

Femina. Obscure violacea, facie, scapo ac pediceUo, dorso partim, viridibus,
metallicis, scutello saepe aureo-nitente ; funiculo et clava totis nigris ; oculis
griseo-rufis ; tibiis nigricantibus, posticis in latere posteriore macula oblonga
alba ornatis non ultra medium longitudinis extensa ; tarsis omnibus apicem
versus sensim infuscatis, anticis aiticulo 1. et 2. flavo-griseis, mediis atque
posticis articulo 1. albido ; proalis cellula basali, costali et area sub nervo
marginali albidis, reliquo spatio fuscis, in dimidio anteriore etiam obscurioribus ;
metathoracis alls fere hyalinis ; oviductu apice flavescente.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 161

Caput antice visum subrotundum, longitudine latius proportione 5 : 4,
vertice angusto, oculis magnis, aspectu glabris, verum pilis paucis brevibus
subtilibus instructis, orbitis valde obliquis et in linea oculari spatio quadruple
quam in vertice distantibus (spatio hoc inter sulcos genarum dimenso), genis
fortiter arcuatis, peristomio lato, clypeo indistincto, angusto ; linea oculari
inferiore in 3/-1 capitis longitudinis, scrobibus antennarum longis, in dimidio
inferiore bene determinatis, superne prope ocellum confluentibus et orbitis
tangentibus. Caput de supra inspectum vertice quam diametro antero-posteriore
saltim dimidio angustiore ; oculorum prominentia verticis latitudinem supe-
rante proportione 9:4; ocellis posterioribus orbitis fere contiguis spatioque
diametrum eorum vix aequante separatis, medio a posterioribus spatio parum
maiore remoto. Faciei superficies scabra, verticis inter ocellos sublaevis ; super-
ficies pone hos itemque oculos et sulcos genarum leniter reticulo insculpta.
Mandibulae ambae eadem forma, tridentatae, aspectu bidentatae, id est dente
anteriore tantum bene discreto, acuto, reliquis obtusis et vix incisura minima
separatis, quasi dentem unum latum formantibus. Facies pUis ornata crassiu-
sculis, inter se spatio eorum longitudinem aequante, interdum etiam duplo,
remotis.

Antennarum radiculae inter lineam ocularem inferiorem et os aequaliter,
inter se duplo quam ab oculis, remotae,
itemque spatio duplice quam verticis lati-
tudine ; flagellum tenue, longitudinem
thoracis paullo superans ; pedicellus duplo
longior quam latior ; annellus vix discretus, , . . ,

° . . , . ,. ,. Fio. 30. — Eupelmmaes obecuratue, ^.

quadratus ; articulus primus lumculi pedi- Antenna (x 27).

cello sesquilongior, ceteri gradatim breviores

et crassiores, sextus fere quadratus, Septimus latitudine sua vix brevior et quam

primus duplo latior ; clava longitudinem articuli primi cum annello aequans,

post mortem interne profunde immersa, propter deformationem quam praeclava

fere sesquilatior.

Sculptura partis praeaxillaris mesonoti minute reticulata, areolis antice
atque postice paullum maioribus. Prothorax brevis, de supra inspectus sub-
triangularis, longitudine 1/3 thoracis latitudinis fere aequans. Mesonoti pars
praeaxillaris sulco tenui lateribus limitata, carinis longitudinalibus submedianis
nullis, in parte postica tantum eminentia cbtusa indicatis, area inter carinas
antice triangulum subconvexum formante, breviter pilosula, interdum glabra.
Axillae triangulares, latitudine, id est basi, fere sesquilongiores, spatio remotae
earum basis dimidium aequante, a scutello sulco lenissime sinuate separatae,
superficie aspectu minute granulosa. Scutellum postice truncatum, dorsulo
confertim longitudinaliter strigoso-sulcato, freno autem fere transverso-lineari
et valde declivi, subdiscreto, minute reticulato. Dorsellum fere lineare. Meta-
notum medio brevissimum, longitudine maxima in eius partibus lateralibus
dimidium lateris anterioris scutelli aequante, margine antico et postico leniter
concavis aequaliter curvatis, superficie scabra. Spiracula sat magna, obliqua.
Mesothoracis latera ante sulcum mesosternum et mesopleuram separantem reti-
culata, praesterni areolis magis minutis ; pili infra hoc sat longi sed haud
conferti.

Proalae praestigmate crasso, nervo marginah quam postmarginali triple
lengiore, hoc quam stigmatico duple lengiore ; cellula basali sat dense pilosa,

11

162 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

costali margine glabra, ppeculo nullo, siiperficie reliqua confertissime pilis brevibus

vestita, nervo cubital! pilorum
dispositione vix indicate ad me-
diam alae latitudinem decurrente.
Femur anticuin posterioribus
minus validum, at in eius dimidio
apicali latius, marginibus posticis
laminatis foveam ad tibiam ex-
FiG. 31. -Eupelmoides obscuraius. $. cipiendam formantibus. Tarsus

Proala (X 23— manularum dispositionem ostenJens). aUticUS et pOSticUS teUUeS, iUc

tibia sesquilongior, hie aequi-
longus, interne spinis in articulo 1. circa 25 instructus, in 2. decern, in 3. septem,
in 4. sex ; tarsus medius baud elongatus, 3/4 tibiae aequans, crassus, articulo
primo seriebus denticulorum 16-18 munito. Pedes

postici coxis pubeseentibus, calcari minore latitudi- ^-y2C3^

nem metatarsi vix superante, maiore sesquiJongiore.
Abdomen thorace sesquilongius, saepe in speci-
minibus hians, id est sternitis valvulam eius apicem
fere attingentem, nee in longitudinem divisam,
vomeris ad instar, formantibus ; tergito primo pro- Fig. 32. — Eupelmoides

funde diviso, secundo manifeste, tertio vix, angu- obacuratiia, $.

1,.... ... . 1 J.-, . TeJis intermedii tibiae apex cum tarso

latim incisis, quinto et sexto subaequahbus arcuato- ^^ 40,

convexis, septimo fere oeculto. Superficies fere tota

sat conspicue reticidata, in parte anteriore segment! basalis areolis minoribus
insculpta. Oviductus tergito sexto subaequilongus.

Long. 4 mm.

Specimina sex.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux C'ochons — Mahe : Cascade Estate ; Mome
Blanc ; " country above Port Glaud."

Gen. Pseudanastatus, n.

Hoc genus .sequent! simile et affine, difTert faciei area interantennali et
epistomate linea lyrata circumdatis, spatio, hac linea limitato, depresso ; flagello
versus apicem gradatim et conspicue latiore, proalis in specie typica paullum
ultra praestigma terminatis. Maris characteres non sunt adhuc not!. Praeter
speciem seychellensem, cuius de.?cr!ptio sequitur, aham observavi, in Italia
prope Genuam inventam, structura valde similem, colore praecipue diversam.

Femina. Caput cra.ssum, vix transversum, vertice 1/3 totius latitudinis
aequante antrorsum declivi et cum fronte continuo, ocellis in declivio locatis ;
oculis fere glabri.s ; antennis prope lineam ceularem inscrtis, scrobibus nullis ;
facie linea lyrata, torulis extus tangcnte et ad mediam orbitarum altitudinem
arcum formante, in duas partes divisa, quarum una, id est spatium interan-
tennale cum epistomate, magis depressa, interdum etiam colore distincta. Man-
dibulae dente apicali et intermedio instructae, basali nullo. Antcnnarum scapus
verticem non superans, flagellum versus apicem gradatim et conspicue crassiu.s.
Scutellum angustum, basi lateri anteriori axillarum subaequilonga ; dorsellum
atque metanotum parva. Proalae fere atrophicae, rotundato-truncatae, ccllula
costali et praestigmate latis, nervo marginal! brevissimo apicem attingente,

1

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 163

nervo stigmatico nullo, superficie fere tota setis spiniformibus instrueta.
Abdomen breve, depressum, prope apicem latum, tergitorum margine baud
inciso, terebrae valvis baud vol vix prominentibus.
Mas ignotus.

36. Pseudanastatus crassicomis, sp. n. (figs. 33, 34).

Femina. Flavescenti-brunnea, oculis, scapo ac pcdicello concoloribus,
funiculo brunneo-nigro, clava tarsisque omnibus albis ; proalis brevissiniis, inter
dimidium cellulae ba.salis et praestigma hyalini.s, reliquo spatio leniter infuscatis,
nervis baud ob.scurioribu.'; ; callo dense albo-pilosulo ; abdomine violascente
brunneo, segmcnto ba.sali albido ; oviductu vix prominente palbde flavo.

Caput transversum, longitudine 5/7 latitudini.s aequans, vertice antrorsum
declivi tertiam partem latitudinis occupante ; ocellis in declivio anteriore,
triangulum aequilaterum formantibus, posterioribus spatio ab oculis remotis
quam ipsorum diametro parum breviore ; oculis setis perpaucis brevibus instru-
ctis ; distantia orbitali inferiore dupla quam superiore ; linea oculari 2/7 capitis
longitudinis ab ore remota ; genis siilcatis, ad os fortius curvatis ; peristomio
sat lato ; clypeo subquadrato extus recte marginato ; antennis vix infra lineam
ocularem insertis et carina brevi obtusissima fere inconspicua separatis ; scro-
bibus nullis, facie linea lyrata torulis extus tangente et ad mediam orbitarum
altitudinem arcum formante, in duas partes divisa, quarum interior, id est
spatium inter antennas cum epistomate, magis depressa. Palpi maxillares
4-articulati, articulis 1.-3. subaequalibus. Mandibulac dente exteriore parvo,
medio vix prominulo late rotundato, interiore nullo.

Superficies tota capitis minute reticulata, aspectu granulosa, pubescentia
baud frequenti aequaUter dLstributa.

Antennae .scapo robusto, flagello versus apicem gradatim et conspicue
crassiore ; annello quadrate, articulo primo funi-
culi quam pediceUo baud longiore neque cras.siore,
articulo quarto latitudine sua vix longiore, tribus
sequentibus pauUum brevioribus, ultimo duplam
pedicelli latitudinem aequante. longitudine 2/3
latitudinis suae baud superante : clava quam
articulis duobus praecedentibus paullo longiore. ^'°- 33.— P«e«dona«to««»

.... crassicornis^ $.

Pronotum, mesonoti pars praeaxillans et .uteana (x is).

axillae, nee non scutellum juxta eius latus an-

terius, reticulo minute insculpta, areolis regulariter polygonis super pronotum
minus conspicuis. Mesonoti pars praeaxillaris area media depressa, indivisa et
lateribus costis subrectis fere parallelis bene terminata. Axillae duplo longiores
quam basi latiores, dimidiam scutelli longitudinem attingentes. Scutellum
angu.stum, duplo longius quam latius, latere anteriore axillarum basi vix
aequilongo, latitudine maxima quam hoc spatio sesquilongiore, superficie con-
fertim in longitudinem striatc-sulcata, strigis per totam longitudinem fere
continuis, numero ad medium circa viginti ; setis paucis sparsis. Dorsellum
et metanotum brcvia.

Alae fere atrophicae : anteriores longitudine, praeter radiculam, triplam
latitudinem aequantes, longitudinem funiculi baud superantes, non ultra
abdominis basim ckngatae, apice rotundato-truncatae, superficie setis crassis,

164 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

in parte basali minus confertis, veslita ; praestigmate lato cum ncrv'o marginali
rudimentali continue, hoc apicem attingente, nervum stigmaticum baud emit-

tente ; cellula costali ampla 1/5

^,^rr-^r7~7^ ^ -:^S^MjM^^^^!S>xr ' latitudinis maximae f ere aequante ,

'fly^'-r ■'■^^i^^^^^^'^-^c ' ' ': \,t medium longitudinis brcvi spatio

' superante, margine anteriore cur-
vato, glabro. Alae metathoracis
hamulis apice insertis.

Tarsus medius articulo prime
Fio. 34.-P..e«dan«*(a<«. cra.stVorm,, ?. seriebus dcnticulorum 8-11 mu-

proaia (sine radicuia— x 85). nito, secundo 4, tci'tio 2, quarto 1.

Tibia postica unicalcarata.
Abdomen depressum, thorace paullo longius, latitudine maxima prope
spiracula, apice valde obtuso, oviductu vix prominente ; superficie minute
reticulato-squamosa, areolis aequalibus ; tergitis apice integris, quinto concave-,
sexto convexo-marginato.
Long. 2 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " Cascade Estate and forest above."— Silhouette : " high
forest above Mare aux Cochons, 1,000-2,000 ft."
Specimina tria.

■ Gen. Paranastatus, n.

Species duae huic novo generi pertincntes, forma capitis de latere inspecti
similes, nee non totius corporis figura, tamen characteribus nonnullis valde
differunt. Ego autem genus praecipue propter capitis formam institui, quam
fig. 362 ostendit. Forsan species sunt, nomine Anastalo, vel alio, ab auctoribus
descriptae, quas huic meo generi adscribere liceat. Maris characteres in dia-
gnosi, quae sequitur, ex una tantura specie deduxi.

Femirm. Caput fere aeque longum atque latum, de latere inspectum obtuse
triangulare, angulo obtuso foramini occipitali fere contiguo, itaque vertice non
antrorsum sed retrorsum declivi ; ocellis, si caput antice inspiciatur, pene sum-
mam faciem eccultatis, in angulum acutum dispesitis, posterioribus fere oculis
contiguis ; antennis in linea oculari vel inter banc lineam et marginem ocularem
insertis ; mandibulis bidentatis, vel etiam "l-dentatis dentibus alternis maioribus.
Dersellum atque metanetum brevia, metathoracis partes laterales triangulares,
in planum dispositae. Proalae normales, nervo postmarginali duple quam stig-
matico longiore. Abdomen baud elongatum, post mediam longitudinem latius,
segmentis praeter basale subaequilongis, margine integris ; terebrae valvis
non prominentibus.

Mas. Vertice, de latere inspecto, baud retrorsum declivi, ocello anteriore
in medio eius site, scapularum sulcis in parte dimidia anteriore tantum indicatis,
metanoto normali, superne inspecto rcctangulari, carinato, prcalis totis pube-
.fsentibus, tarse medio spinulis denticulorum loco munito, abdoniine elliptico.

Huius generis species hie descriptae his characteribus inter sese valde differunt
et facile dignosci possunt :

Paranastntvs egregius. Antennae in linea oculari insertae, clava dila-

tata. Mandibulae bidentatae. Caput viride, thorax pedesquc fulvi,

abdomen brunneum basi pallida, proalae fumatae.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 165

Paranastatus violaceus. Antennae inter lineam ocularem et marginetn
oralem insertae, clava quam articulis praecedentibus haud latiore.
Mandibulae 4-dentatae, dentibus alternis (1. et 2.) minoribus. Violaceus,
flagelli dimidio apicali albo, vel obscure ochraceo clava brunnea, prcalis
flavo-griseis.

37. Paranastatus egregius, sp. n. (fig. 35).

Femina. Capite smaragdino vel aurato-viridi, oculis rufescenti-brunneis,
articulis tribus clavae praecedentibus albis, reliquis funiculi et clava brunneis,
hac vero minus obseurata ; scape cum pedicello, thoraee pedibusque fulvis,
tegulis. mesonoti dimidio posteriore et scutelli apice virescentibus ; proalis
infra praestigma atque nervum po.stmarginalem fortiter. apice tamen minus,
infuscatis, ad medium fascia incerte limitata subalbida ornatis ; abdomine
violaceo-brunneo, segmentis, praecipue ultimis, viridi-nitentibus, segmento
basali et lateris ventralis dimidio posteriore ochraceis.

Caput antice visum haud longitudine latius, subrotundum, oculis parum
convexis, infcrne duplo quam in vertice remotis, pilis perpaucis brevissimis
instructis, genis 2/3 orbitarum longitudinis fere aequantibus, fortiter curvatis,
profunde sulcatis ; de latere visum subtriangulare, vertice non antrorsum sed
retrorsum dcclivi, ccellis in hoc declivio pone fariem locatis ; de supra inspectum
vertice perangusto, ocellis posterioribus ab oculis vix separatis, inter se parum
distantibus, anteriore ab aliis magis remote. Scrobes antennales longae, superne
confluentes, at haud marginatae, spatio modice elevato separatae. Faciei pars
inferior neque depressa neque a superiore linea arcum formante discreta. Clypeus
niargine vix prominente, recto. Mandibulae bidentatae. Verticis sculptura
minutissime granulosa, frontis reticulata, non satis vitro aucta aspectu minute
granulosa ; faciei, infra lineam ocularem, genarum temporumque, etiam reticu-
lata, areolis maioribus, super tempora maximis ; dimidium capitis inferius
fcveolis nonnullis impressum rotundatis, haud profundis, prope genarum sulcos
magis confertis.

Antennarum insertio in linea oculari ; flagelli articulus secundus dimidiam
pedicelli longitudinem vix superans, latitudine
sua fere sesquilongior ; articuli sequentes grada-
tim crassiores, 4. et 5. pedicello aequilongi,
6. praecedente multo brevior, aeque longus atque
latus, quam pedicellus sesquilatior ; articuli reliqui
etiam quadrati, subaequales ; clava articulis
duobus praecedentibus aequilonga, suturis
obliquis.

Sculptura totius dorsi minute reticulata.
Mesonoti pars praeaxillaris per totam longitu-
dinem medio depressa, fovea lateribus cairinis
parallelis limitata. Fjo 35 — Paranaslatue egregiua, ?.

Proalae normales, abdominis apicem paullo 1, antenna (x 40); 2, pedis mtermedu

, , • 1- r 1 1 tibiae apex cum tarso (X 80).

superantes, nervo postmargmali rere duplo quam

stigmatico longiore, piHs satis confertis in tota superficie fere aequaUter

distributis.

Tarsus medius articulo primo seriebus denticulcrum 9-11 munito.

166

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Abdomen post medium latius, in speciminibus exsiccatis spatulatum, seg-
mentis subaequilongis, primo tanicn paiiUo longiore ; terebra valvis omnino
retractis.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Mas. Colore a femina baud differens nisi est proalis leniter tantiim fumatis,
zona ad medium decolore, nee albida. Caput de latere inspectum verticehaud
declivi, ocello anteriore in medio huius, posterioribus occipitem versus Iccatis.
Flagellum quam in femina nonnihil crassius, fimiculi articulo primo ncn annuli-
formi, quinto ac sexto (septimo et octavo antennae) acque longis atque latis,
clava 3-articu]ata quam praeclava liaud latiore, suturis sat conspicuis. Scapu-
larum sulci in dimidio anteriore tantum indicati ; axiUae triangulares sub-
aequilaterae, remotae. Scutellum apice fortius insculptum. Dorsellum atque
metanotum fere aequilonga, hoc medio carinatum. Praesternum magnum,
triangulare subaequilatenmi. Proalae speculo nullo. Tarsus mcdius denti-
culorum loco spinulis instructus. Abdomen subellipticum. Characteres reliqui
sicut in femina.

Habitat. Mahe : Mare aux Cochons district- — Silhouette. " All the ex-
amples are from the endemic forests, 1,000-2,000 ft."

Specimina duo oo, unum $.

38. Paranastatus violaceus, sp. n. (fig. 36).

Femina. Obscure violaeea ; antennis usque ad articulum scptimum
(quartum post annellum) nigris, articulis 8.-10. et clava flavescenti-albidis,
clavae apice vix grisescente, vel articulis 8.-10. obscure ochraceis clava brunnea ;
scutello cum axillis aeneis ; proalis flavo-fuscis nervis concoloribus pilisque
nigris ; alis metathoracis fere limpidis ; coxis posticis violaceis, mediis, cum
trochanteribus omnibus, albidis, anticis et reliquis pedum partibus flavo-fuscis ;

abdominis segmentis usque ad 5. nigris, leniter
cuprescentibus, reliquis viridibus.

Caput antice visum latitudine longitu-
dinem acquante, orbitis et genis parum obliquis,
distantia orbitali superiore 1/3 capitis latitu-
dinis vix aequante, genis quam orbitis ses-
quibrevioribus ; ore lato, truncate. Oculi fere
glabri, pilis brevissimis ; linea ocularis inferior
2/5 capitis longitudinis ab ore distans ; genae
modice curvatae, sulcatae ; clypeus rectangu-
laris lateribus bene limitatus ; toruli subro-
tundi, inter sese spatio verticis latitudini fere
aequilongo remoti ; linea torulos inferne tan-
gens ab ore et linea oculari aeque distans ;
scrobes antennarum baud terminatae, rectae,
superne coniunctae et verticem fereattingentes.
Forma capitis de latere subtriangularis, facie
plana, latitudine maxima paullum supra mediam longitudinem, 3/4 huius
attingcnte ; ocellis in declivio posteriorc, in triangulum dispositis ; oculis
rotundato-triangularibus, aeque latis atque longis. Caput superne inspectum
longitudine 2/3 latitudinis aequans, oculis 1/4 circuli fingentibus, id est margins

«;SfcnH32E12:

Fio. 36. — Paranastatua violaceus^ $.

1, caput antice visum; 2. de latere (x 30);
3. maudibulae apex, pauUum oblique inspectus
(X OS): 4, antenna (x 30).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 167

frontali et occipitali angulum rectum formantibus. vertice inter oculos angusto
fere triple longiore quam latiore, pone orbitas nonnihil longiore quam inter
oculos latiore.

Mandibulae validac, 4-dentatae, dentibus secundo et quarto maioribus,
acutioribus. Palpi maxillares et labiales cra.si>iusculi.

Flagellum tenue, funitulo quam scapo duplo longiore, annello latitudire
sua sesquilorgiore, articulis quatuor sequentibus longitudine subaequalibus,
sensim latioribu.s. prinio ter longiore quam laticre ; articulis luniculi 5.-7.
latitudine paullum longioribus, etiam subaequalibus ; clava quam articulo
praecedente sesquilongiore. suturis minus disfinctis, vix obliquis.

Mesonoti pars praeaxillaris minute, aequaliter, reticulata, aspectu granulosa,
glabra, lateribus sulcis angustis limitata. carinis longitudinalibus obtusis, area
triangulari anteriore modiee elcvata. Axillae spatio angusto separatae. mcdice
elongatae, dimidium scutelli longitudinis vix superantes, latere exteriore sub-
sinuato ; earum et scutelli dorsuli superficies foveolis minutis, rectangularibus,
contiguis, insculpta. his super dorsulum sicut in primore digito curvatim concen-
trice dispositis. Dorsellum planum, in parte dimidia posteriore semiellipticum ;
frenuni fere verticale. laeve, nitidum. Dorsellum parvum, planum. Mefcathorax
partibus lateralibus fere in planum dispositis, de supra inspcctis sicut in Calosotere
et Metacalosotere triangularibiis, angulo anteriore externo recto, posteriore
rotundato, spiraculo oblique disposito breviter elliptico ; partibus lateralibus
isthmo antice et postice curvatim marginato, in medio dorso vix ullo. coniunctis.
Mesopleura in angulo anteriore reticulata, reliqua superficie minute in Icngi-
tudinem striata.

Proalae latitudine longiores proportione 15 : 38, praestigmate lato, nerve
postmarginali dimidiam marginaiis longitudinem non attingente (proportione
3:7) et stigmatici duplam aequante ; nervo hoc recurvo, clava indistincta ;
superficie tota pubescente pilis brevibus, conicis, acutis sat dense vestita, pilis
fimbriae apicalis fere triple longioribus. Alae metathcracis latitudine ad medium
maxima 7/24 longitudinis aequante.

Pedes normales : intermedii tarso brevi, caleari 2/3 metatarsi attingente,
huius spinulis 9-11 in utraque serie, articuli scquentis 5, tertii 3, quarti 1 ; tibia
postica caleari maiore eius latitudini apieali aequilongo et 1/4 metatarsi attin-
gente, caleari minore setas apicales baud supcrante. Articulorum tarsalium
proportio : tarsi antici, 10 : 7 : 5 : 3 : 6 — medii, 12:5:4:3: 7 — postici,
20 : 1 1 : 8 : 5 : 7.

Abdomen thoraci subaequilongum, latitudine maxima in margine segmenti
5. dimidiam longitudinem paullo superante, extreme apice de supra inspecto
rotundato, ventre (in specimine) subcarinato ; tergitis 1.-5. recte marginatis,
integris, sexto cenvexe ; segmentis 2.-7. aecjuilongis, prime duplo longicre.
Terebrae valvae abdominis apicem baud superantes.

Long. 2 mm.

Specimina tria, unum abdomine carens.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons et foresta super hunc locum.

Gen. Metacalosoter, n.

Hoc genus a Calosotere Walk, facile distinguitur scapo compresso, lato,
feminae valde laminato-producto et pedicellum, scuti ad instar, interne obte-

168 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

gente ; nerv^o marginali qiiani cellula costali longiore : .setis Icngis, lamellaribiis,
frontem feminae de utroque latere ornantibu.s.

39. Metacalosoter frequens, sp. n. (figs. 37, 38).

Femina. Capita viridi, genis cupreis vel purpureis. interdum etiam pro
parte auratis, ore cuprco vel aureo ; setis frontalibus niveis ; antennis nigris,
pilis funiculi concoloribus, scapi lamina purpureo-nltcnte, clava grisea ; man-
dibulis brunneo-ferrugineis ; palpi.s pallide flavis ; thorace abdomincque vix
nitidis, submetallicis, hoc toto nigro, illo lateribus et metanoto nigro-violaceis,
reliquo dorso fere toto nigro-aeneo ; pedibus trochanteribus. femorum po-
steriorum apice, tibiae anticae margine apicali, mediae dimidio apicali, cum
tarsis omnibus, flavo-griseis vel obscure luteis, reliqui.f partibu.s ct tarsorum
pulvillo etiam nigris ; tibiis posticis interdum brunneis ; prcalis flavescenti-
gri.seis, limite posteriore cellulae basalis et nervis brunneo-griseis.

Caput thorace latius proportione 6 : 5, anticc visum transversum, lorgitudine
72% latitudinis aequans, vertice angusto in linca ocellari postericre 1/4 totius
latitudinis baud superante ; orbitis divergentibus ; oculis magnis. ccnvexis,
breviter pilosis ; linea oculari inferiore 4/15 capitis longitudinis ab ore remcta ;
fronte cum vertice continua et antrorsum declivi, in utroque latere setis longis
lamellaribus, facile deciduis, ornata ; genis rectis, obliquis, quam diametro orbitali
maiore fere duplo brevioribus ; ore late truncato ; torulis eminentia parva sub-
triangulari separatis, inter sese spatio fere duplo quam ab orbita remotis. superne
vix ultra lineam ocularem terminatis, inferne ab hac linea et margine orali
aequo spatio distantibus ; media facie superne leniter concava et margine
arcuate, diniidiam orbitarum altitudinem non superante. inccrte limitata ;
scrobibus parvis, vix detemiinatis, medio coniunctis, valde obliquis et lineam
ocularem pauUum superantibus. Caput de latere subtriangulare, oculis fere
eadem forma at margine posteriore obliquo. Ocelli in triangulum subaequi-

laterum dispositi, ab oculis et inter sese spatio
eorum diametro minore distantes. Mandibulae
parv'ae, .'J-dentatac.

Antennae scapo laminato-compresso, lamina
eius apicem superante duplo longiore quam

j^^^^ ^j^M/yu ^ latiore, pedicellum, scuti ad instar, in latere in-

Aj-'CHrl ='3^ tenore obtegente. Pedicellus crassiusculus, dimi-

^'^•*s«3,^^.-^^v^ diam scapi longitudinem non aequans. Annellus

funiculi articulis conformis at minor ; articuli
2

sequentes subaequales, compressi, fere duplo

Fio. 37. — Metacaiosour frequena. latiores quam longiores, et pedunculo brevissimo,

1, maris autenna(x 68); 2, aatenna feminae vix COUSpicUO, COniuUCti, pilis Crassis, Sat lOHgiS,

(X 50) de latere exteriore inspecta. ..,,,.

instructi. Clava etiam compressa, quam prae-
clava baud latior et duplo longior, articulo basali vix pilosulo diniidium
parum superante, apicali quam secundo breviore.

Mesonoti pars praeaxUlaris area media deplanata, nee carinis limitata,
at sculptura magis conspicua distincta, subtiUter et parce pUosula. Tegulae
parvae, triangulares. Axillae fere nullae. Axillulac acute triangulares, lineam
scutelli suturae fere attingentes. iScutcllum basi lata, suturis axillarum brevibus
vix obliquis, axillularum, latera eius formantibus, paralleUs ; apice rotundato ;

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 169

pube.scentia sicut in mesonoti parte praeaxillari. Dorsellum mediocre. Meta-

notum antice et postice ad dorsellum atque petiolum excipienda semieireulariter

excavatum, parte media dorsello aequilonga

in longitudinem minute strigulosa. Partes

laterales metathoracis fere laminares, in

planum dispositae, sub triangulares, margine

exteriore vix curvato, apice rotundato, spira-

culis earum parti interiore magis propinquis,

subrotundis, sat magnis ; sculptura reticulata

versus Uneam mediani dorsi gradatim minu-

tiore. Sulcus mesosternum et mesopleuram

dividens conspicuus. Mesosternum parce

pilosulum. Superficies partis praeaxillaris

mesonoti et SCUtelli minute reticulata, as- Fi". 38. — Metacaloater frequena $.

pOCtU granulosa; mesopleura in ansulo l. caput antice mspectum Cx 23;; 2. mandibula

. -^ ^ (X 58); 3, proala(x 40: fascian. glabram pimctonim

supero-anteriore conspicue reticulata, reliquo liuea mdicatj.
spatio minutissime striata.

Proalae abdominis apicem attingentes. latitudine maxima infra basim
nervi stigmatici, paullum ante 3/4 tctius longitudinis sita ; cellulae costalis,
nervi raarginalis et postmarginalis proportione sicut 83 : 100 : 27 ; nerve post-
marginali truncato apicem stigmatici vix superante ; hoc nervo tenui, leniter
curvato, clavam formante parum dilatatam, vix discretam, apice acuto ad
marginem alae reverso ; pilis fimbriae apicalis quam iUis in disco fere triple
longioribus ; superficie superiore fere tota pilis sat dense vestita, his infra nervum
marginalem omnibus antrorsum plus minus vergentibus, in limite posteriore cel-
lulae basalis angustae divergentibus ; superficie inferiorc pilis nonnullis sparsis
prope nervum marginalem instructo ; nervo cubitali linea glabra dimidiam alae
longitudinem non superante indicate. Alae pesteriores apicem segmenti sexti
attingentes, pilis in margine posteriore brevibus, 1/8 earum latitudinis aequantibus.

Pedes normales, intermedii calcari apice mucronato medium metatarsi
non superante, articulo tarsali prime spinis 8, interdum 6 vel etiam 10 in utraque
serie, munito, secundo .spinis 5, tertio 3, quarto I. Pec'es pestici calcari minora
dimidium maioris non attingente.

Abdomen thorace fere duple longius. angustum. apice acutum, terebrae
valvis vix prominentibus ; tergitis tota superficie dori-ali insculptis, 1. et 2.
brevibus prefunde angulatim incisis, tertio emarginate, hoc et duobus sequentibus
subaequalibus. Superficies fere tota fortiter reticulato-insculpta. areolis im-
pressis, transversis.

Long. 2,6-3,7 mm.

Mas. Capite minus nitido, areis cuprescentibus nullis ; thorace plerumque
nigro-vielaceo, interdum derso nigro-viridi vel mesopleura aenea.

Caput thorace latius proportione 5:4; antice inspectum subcordiferme,
lengitudine 75% latitudinis non superans ; vertice minus angusto, 2/5 totius
latitudinis aequante, antrorsum parum declivi, cum fronte baud continue ;
linea oculari inferiore a margine clypei 2/7 capitis longitudinis remota ; genis
subrectis ; ore baud late, latitudini verticis aequali ; clypeo fere duple longiore
quam latiore, forma trapezoidali, interne baud discrete, latcribus carinis ebtusis
limitato ; torulis in linea oculari dispositis, spatio eerum diametro aequali ab
ocuUs remotis, inter sese spatio fere sesquilongiore ; scrobibus baud deter-

270 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

minatis, fronte immersa. Forma capitis de latere subtriangularis, latitudine
3/4 longitudinis fere aequans, vertice subplano, orbita rotundatc-triangulari
latitudinem capitis totam occupante ; ocellis posterioribus in medio vertice sitis.
hoc cum fronte in angulum fere rectum coniuncto. Caput superne visum vertice
subquadrato ct latitudine prominentiam oculorum aequante, ocelli.'^ magnis in
tuiangulum aequilaterum dispositis, posterioribus spatio ab cculis remctis quam
eorum diametro sesquilongiore. Sculptura fere ubicumque reticulata, areolis
in dimidio inferiore faciei inter clypeum et torulos minutis, latera versus duplo
maioribus, conspicuis ; frons laevis, nitida ; genae postice et tempera minute
in longitudincm striata ; areolae verticis sicut in epistoniate.

Antennae scapo dilatato, crasso, fere triplo longiorc quam latiorc, de latere
viso forma elliptica, basi transversim, apice oblique truncate, verticem ncn
superante : pedicello quam scapo dimidio breviore ; articulo sequcnte annuli-
formi, longitudine sua parum latiore, reliquis septem suliacqualibus, acque lergis
atque latis, bene discrctis ; clava elliptica, articulis tribus praecedcntibus aequi-
longa suturisque vix obliquis in articulos aequales divisa. Pili totius antenrae
sat frequentes, crassi, funiculi articulerum longitudincm fere attirgentes, leniter
curvati. Scapi sculptura reticulata conspicua.

Mesonoti pars pracaxillaris superficie fere aequalitcr tt modice convexa,
in exemplaribus exsiccatis medio tantum leniter immersa, carinis et sulcis nullis ;
pilis aequalitcr distributis, spatio inter se remotis quam eorum longitudine
paullum breviore. Metathorax fere eadem forma quae in feminis, medio carina
instructus brevi. lateribus sulcis limitata et pone mediam longitudinem bifurcata,
incisuram posticam amplectente ; partibus lateralibus minus versus apicem
angustatis. Sulcus mesosternum et mesopleuram dividens conspicuus ; sutuia
epimeri cum episterno vix indicata ; praesternum triangulare. Latera mese-
thoracis areolis illis dorsi fere aequalibus ; pars postica pleurae minutissime
striata, sculptura 10(» diam. magniiicata vix conspicua. Pili mesosterni sicut
in dorso, mesopleura glabra.

Proalae ultra abdominis apicem elongatae, nervo postmarginali ILneam apicis
nervi stigmatici non superante. Alae metathoracis abdominis apicem attin-
gentes, pilis in margine posteriore longis, 1/4 earum latitudinis vix aequantibus,
cellula costali ad hamulos extensa.

Pedes intermedii calcari medium metatarsi paullo superante, hoc autem
in parte dimidia basali inermi, reliquo spatio denticulis 5 in utraque serie munito ;
articulo tarsali secundo denticulis 4, tertio 2, quarto 1. Pedes postici fern oris
apice marginem segmenti 4. abdominalis attingentes, calcari maiore latitudinem
tibiae apicis non aequante. minore 2/3 maioris attingcnte.

Abdomen thorace paullum longius et angustius, lateribus a segmento 2.
ad 4. rectis, parallelis : petiolo parvo, medio transverse carinato, parte dimidia
posteriore in fovea abdominis, anteriore in incisura metathoracis recepta ;
segmentis margine apicali recto, haud incise, longitudine subaequalibus, exceptis
primo quam secundo sesquilongiore, sexto brtvi. Pili sparsi, spatio remcti
dimidiam ipsorum longitudinem paullum superante.

Long. 1,75 mm.

HahiUit. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons et foresta super hunc locum ;
" coast at Pointe Etienne." — Mahe : " Mare aux Cochons district ; forest above
Cascade Estate ; high forest of Morne Blanc." — Praslin : Cotes d'Or Estate.

Specimina : ?? viginti, (J (J septem.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 19)7. 171

SuBFAM. PTEROMALINAE

(incl. Miscogasterinae).

Gen. Leodamus, n.

(Miscogasterinae).

De femina huius generis nihil constat. Maris characteres qui genericae
rationis esse mihi videntur, hi sunt : funiculi artieuli contigui, pilis sat dense
vestiti, primus quam pedicellus longior ; clava triarticulata ; collare discretum ;
metathorax carina et plicis instructus, spiraculis magnis, ellipticis, plicis et
postscutello propinquis, nucha nulla ; abdomen ovatum longitudine ac latitudine
subaequalibus. Genus in tribu Trydiminorum, subtribu Metasteninornm, ad-
scribere licet.

40. Leodamus onustus, sp. n. (fig. 39).

Mas. Niger, facie cyanescente, scape, alarum nervis pilisque dorsi griseo-
luteis, flagello et oculis brunneis, pedibus testaceis, tarsorum apice infuscato,
abdomine brunneo-aeruginoso in dimidio anteriore dorsi testaceo-maculato.

Caput thorace parum latius, proportione 6 : 5, latitudine sua sesquibrevius ;
antice visum vertice vix curvato, oculis glabris magnis, 2/3 longitudinis extensis,
clypeo subdiscreto, margine'leniter concavo, antennis in media facie insertis ;
de supra inspectum diametro longitudinali 1/3 transversi paullum superante,
ocellis fere in lineam dispositis, posterioribus spatio duplo quam ab oculis inter
se remotis ; de latere forma subelliptica, diametro transverse lengitudini cculi
aequilongo, hoc ovato-elliptice, latitudine 3/4 eius longitudinis aequante ;
genis latis, teretibus, profunde sulcatis. Superficies lineis elevatis subtilibus
reticulata, super verticem et occiput potius punctato-reticulata, clypeo radiatim
striguloso.

Antennae scapo ocellum vix superante, flagello quam latitudine eapiti.s
parum longiore ; pedicellus pyriformis longitudine 3/4 artieuli primi funiculi
aequans ; annelli duo, parvi ; funiculus articulis adpressis, sat dense hirtis,
pilis dimidiam eorum latitudinem superantibus, articulo prime duplo longiore
quam latiore, sequentibus gradatim brevioribus, baud crassioribus, ultimo
pedicello aequilongo et latitudine sua sesquilongiore. Clava vix discreta, articulo
tertio conico, articulis praecedentibus
2\ aequilonga.

Thorax sat robustus, latitudine 3/4
longitudinis aequans, eoUari bene di-
screte et margine anteriore acute, po-
stice arcuato, antice recte truncate ;
sulcis scapularum pest 2/3 scuti lon-
gitudinis terminatis ; scuto valde con-
vexe ; scutello elevate, quam scute
proportione 5 : 6 breviore, lateribus j-j^ z^.—Uodamue onustus, S.

leniter sinUOsis, freno haud discrete, Proala ex 45, limite partis glabrae basalispunctismdiMto).

fortiter declivi ; axillis longis freni

suturam attingentibus, axillulis fere verticaliter dispositis ; metanote 1/3 scutelli

longitudinis haud superante, carina postice bifurcata, plicis modice arcuatis,

172 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017.

spatio inter plicam et carinam subquadrato, nucha nulla. Spiracula magna
elliptica, postscutello tangentia, plicis fere contigua. Sculptura dorsi, praesterni,
mesosterni atque epimeri eadem quae capitis ; episternum et meta pleura
minute reticulato-sulcata, nitida. Callus pilis paucis longis instructus ; dorsum
pills nonnullis sparsis, tenuibus.

Proalae abdomen superantes, huius apicem stigmate attingentes, latae,
breviter ciliatae, cellula basali et speculo omnino glabris, cellula costali pilis
perpaucis in dimidio exteriore tantum instructa, quam ner\-o marginali pro-
portione 16: 11 longiore ; nervo hoc quam postmarginali duplo longiore, stig-
matico 1/3 eius longitudinis nonnihil superante, et quam postmarginali fere
sesquibreviore.

Calcar mains tibiae posticae huius apicis latitudinem fere attingens, calcar
minus dimidio brevius.

Abdomen sessOe, cordiforme, thoracis latitudini aequilongum, paullum
latitudine sua longius (9 : 8), segmentis recte marginatis, subaequalibus, fere
glabris, superficie reticulato-sulcata.

Long. 1,8 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Coclion.s.

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Dinarmolaelaps, n.
(Miscogasterinae).

Quae sit huius generis ad cetera Miscogasterinarmn relatio difficile est
decernere. Species cuius descriptio sequitur Dimirmo characteribus nonnullis
accedit, at metathorace differt, cui structura est Lelapinorum : hi vero scapulis
plane discretis distinguuntur. Schulz {Spolia Hymenvpterologica, Paderborn,
1906. p. 144) nomen Lekips in Dilaehps mutavit, itaque Laekipinos vel Dikie-
lapinos scribere oportet.

Genus subtribui Metasteninorum satis convenit, eiusque characteres praecipui
hi sunt : clypeus obtuse bidentatus ; antennae 13-articulatae, feminae 3-
annulatae ; pronoti collare subdiscretum ; scapularum sulci in 1/3 postica
obsoleti ; metanotum plicis sinuatis, carina destitutum, at secundum lintam
mediam obtusissime plicatum ; proalae cellula costali angusta, nervo marginali
huius dimidium vix aequante, postmarginali quam stigmatico duplo longiore.
Tibiae posticae bicalcaratae. Abdomen feminae longitudinem thoracis cum
capite superans, maris spatulatum, breviter petiolatum.

41. Dinarmolaelaps protus, sp. n.

Femina. Nigra, abdominis dorso basi viridi, reliquo cuprescente ; oculis
rubris, scapo, tibiis tarsisque fulvis, flagello, coxis. femoribus et alarum nervis
brunneo-luteis, alls leniter infuscatis.

Caput magnum, crassum, thorace sesquilatius. antice visum latitudine
quam longitudine latiore, proportione 9 : 7, vertice convexo, ocuUs glabris,
horum diametro maiore 5/7 longitudinis aequante, linea oculari infra 1/3 longi-
tudinis sita ; clypeo inccrte limitato, lateribus tantum impressione laevi sub-
discreto, in medio margine externo bidentato. dentibus brevibus, obtusis et
fovea sat profunda separatis ; facie convexa, antennis ad medium huius insertis,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 173

fere contiguis. Forma capitis de latere, elliptica, latitudine 5/7 longitudinis
aequante ; genae baud compressae. Vertex superne inspectus teres, 2/3 latitu-
dinis occupans, ocellis in anguhim valde obtusum dispositis, externis ab anteriore
et ab oculis aequo spatio remotis. Superficies minute at perspicue reticulata,
inferius strigis ab ore ultra clypeum radiantibus sulcata.

Scapus tenuis, ocellum anteriorem attingens ; flagclli longitude latitudinem
capitis paullum superans ; pedicellus latitudine sua fere sesquilongior ; articuli
tres sequentes annuliformes, simul sumpti 2/3 pedicelli longitudinis extensi,
primus vix conspicuus, tertiiis quam secundus paullum maior ; articuli quinque
funiculi bene discreti, primus pedicello aequilongus at latitudine huius sesqui-
latior, reliqui gradatim crassiores, ultimus quadratus ; clava articulis praece-
dentibus 2| aequOonga, latitudinem praeclavae paullo superans.

Pronotum collari subdiscreto ; sulci scapulares leniter impressi, in 1/3
postica obsoleti ; scutum aeque longum atque latum, quam scutellum vix longius ;
hoc basi angusta dimidium eius latitudinis maximae aequante ; axUlae longae,
in angulo anteriore externo fovea rotundata excavatae ; pars media metanoti
etiam elongata, scutello sesquibrevior, latitudinem suam longitudine superans,
lateribus plicis leniter sinuatis limitata, secundum lineam mediam longitudinalem
angulum obtusissimum formans, postice obtruncata, prcminens, collari angusto
terminata, fovea rotunda antice in angulis externis impressa. Sculptura dorsi,
mesosterni ac episterni illi capitis similis ; metanoti reticulato-squamosa magie
conspicua ; collare metathoracicum fere laeve, punctis minutissimis insculptum ;
episternum nitidum ; metapleura fere nitida, subtiliter ac minute reticulata.

Proalae magnae, breviter ciliatae, cellula costali angusta, nervo marginali
3/7 costae aequante, quam stigmatico magis quam duplo longiore, proportione
22 : 9, hoc versus apicem sensim latiore in clavam desinente rotundatam, dente
brevi instructam ; nervo postmarginali quam stigmatico duplo longiore, cellula
basali glabra extus serie setarum nervum indicantium limitata, area speculari
secundum nervum marginalem et paullum infra hune elongata. Alae meta-
thoracis cellula costali dimidium nervi marginalis attingente.

Pedes haud robusti, postici coxis in latere exteriore fortiter compresso-
acutis et pilis paucis in dimidio inferiore instructis, tibia calcaribus duobus
munita, altero 3/4 metatarsi aequante, altero quam hoc dimidio breviore.

Abdomen quam thorax cum capite fere sesquUongius, acuminatum, in
specimine exsiccato triquetrum ; segmentis, praeter basale mains, subaequalibus,
valvis apice proniinentibus segmento ultimo aequilongis ; superficies fere tota
concinne ac minute striato-reticulata, segmentum basale tamen dorso laevi,
nitido.

Long. 2.5 mm.

Mas oculis, scape, femoribus, tibiis posticis alisque obscurioribus, coxis
nigris, abdominis dorso basi haud virescente ; oculis ex latere inspectis ellipticis ;
antennis annellis duobus brevibus arete contiguis, articulo primo funiculi quam
latitudine sua duplo- et quam pedicello sesquilongiore, sexto parum latitudine
longiore, clava conica articulos duos praecedentes longitudine vix superante,
haud crassiore ; abdomine spatuliformi, quam thorace paullum longiore, pedun-
culo subeylindrico, aeque longo atque lato.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons. — Mahe : " cultivated country at
about 1,000 ft."

Specimina duo <?<?, unum ?.

174 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Habrocytus Thomson.

Species Habrocyti generis habitu tantum es.se similes, natura vero baud
affines, Kurdjumow demonstravit, neque ego eo nomine utar nisi species quas
sum descripturus non alio generi convenire nee novo nunc adscribendas judicareni.
Harum mandibulae sunt ambae 4-dentatae. verum non desunt inter Habrocytos
species nonnullae quibus dentes mandibulares codtm sint numero in utroque
latere, sicut Kurdjumow recognovit : hie autem auctor dentium numerum in
Chalcidi/lum generibus definiendis etiamque in speciebus recognosccndis, parvi
momcnti esse opinatur.

42. Habrocytus morio, sp. n.

Fetnina. Nigra, oculis concoloribus, abdominis dorso vix cuprescente, pro
parte cyanescente ; scapo pallide flavo-griseo, versus apicem obseuriore, flagello
usque ad medium articuli quinti flavo-rufo, reliquo spatio nigro ; proalis pone
cellulam basalcm umbra flavescenti-grisea, sub stigmate macula rotundata eius-
dem coloris, parum conspicua, ornatis, nervis griseo-fuscis ; femoribus bninneis,
tibiis tarsisque pallide flavo-griseis, illis ad medium, his apice infuscatis.

Caput magnum, crassnm, thoraeem latitudine superans proportione 7:5;
antice visum longitudine sua latius proportione 4 : 3, oculis magnis, glabris,
sat prominulis ; linea oculari inferiore ad 4/5 capitis longitudinis sita ; genis
brevibus, obliqiiis ; clypeo apice bidentato, dentibus triangularibus contiguis ;
mandibulis 4-('entatis, dentibus duobus internis hand acutis ; antennarum
torulis fere coniiguis, ad medium faciei in lineam post 3/4 oculorum longitudinis
sitam dispositis. Vertex teres, sed inter ocellos minus rotundatus, occUis po-
sterioribus eodem spatio ab oculis quam inter se remotis, anteriore lineae posteriori-
bus tangenti contiguo. Forma capitis de latere elliptica, latitudine 5/8 longitu-
•dinis aequante ; oculis longe ovatis, in diametro longitudinali quam in transverse
sesquUongioribus (37 : 25) ; genis bene rotundatis, vix conspicue sulcatis. Super-
ficies fere tota lineis elevatis reticulum formantibus insculpta, areolis frontis
elongatis, plerunique rhombicis ; strigae a clypeo radiantes valde tenues atque
confertae.

Scapus Mubrectus. ocellum anteriorcm fere attingens ; flagellum latitudini
capitis aequilongum, crassiusculum, subclavatum, articulis adpressis, ultimis
funiculi et clava fere duplo quam pedicello crassioribus. Annelli subaequales,
cylindrici, sat conspicui. Funiculus articulo primo quam pedicello fere sesqui-
longiore, sequentibus usque ad quintum sensim brevioribus et latioribus, ultimo
magis dilatato, aeque longo atque lato, quam pedicello baud longicre. Clava
articulis tribus praecedentibus aequilonga, quam praeclava paullum latior,
apice aeuto.

Thorax sat robustus, latitudine 3/5 longitudinis attingens. CcUare supra
angustum, lateribus dilatatiim et .secundum lineam margini anteriori parallelam
elevatum. Metanoti area media cordiformis, baud earinata, superficie leniter
•convexa et lateribus immersa, ita ut partes laterales externae metathoracia
margine elevato plicas sinuosas cfficiunt ; foveolae liuius areae prope dorselli
extremitates amplae at parum profundae et incerte limitatae ; zona nitida
postscutelli foveis rotundis inter se remotis, ternis in utroque latere, impressa ;
nucha magna, subcyUndrica, fere duplo latiore quam longiore. Spiracula elliptica,
sat magna. Callus pilis pauois longis. Mesothoracis dorsum retieulatum.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 175

modice vitro auctum punctatum, scabrum ; areolis fere omnibus aequalibus,
nusquam elongatis, fundo baud polito. Metathorax ixticulo magis minuto
insculptus, nucha tantum transverse rugosa. Episternuni reticulo fere incon-
spicuo.

Proalae nerve marginali quam cellula costali fere sesquibreviore, stigmatico
2/5 eius aequante, postmarginali quam hoc longiore, proportione 5 : 3, quam
marginaU breviore, proportione 5:7; cellula costaH in 1/3 ultimo pilis brevibus
instructa, cellula basali tota parce pOosa, speculo huius altitudincm non superante
formaque rhomboidali, angulo anteriore externo nonnihil prcducto ; pilis apica-
libus brevibus. Alae metathoracis cellula costali sat lata, nervo marginali
confertim rigid o-setoso. Coxae posticae pilis quibusdam longis ad medium
lateris posterioris instructae.

Abdomen longitudinem thoracis cum capite vix superans, in dimidio anteriore
triquetrum, de supra inspectum 3/4 thoracis latitudinis aequans, forma lanceolata,
versus basim et apicem aequaliter angustatum, extreme apice acuto ; segmentis
praeter secundum subaequilongis, hoc 1/4 longitudinis primi ncn superante.
Superficies haud polita, sed sculptura inconspicua (?), basi tantum brevi spatio
nitida, in segmentis tribus apicalibus breviter pilosula.

Long. 3,5 mm.

Mas. Differt flagello fusco, abdominis dorso in dimidio anteriore macula
brunneo-lutea nctato, tibiis anterioribus luteis, posticis praeter basim et apicem
brunneis ; funiculo articulis aequo latis, usque ad quartum longitudine sub-
aequalibus, duobus ultimis ciuam primo sesquibrevioribus, simid sumptis clavae
aequilongis ; abdomine thoraci aequilongo, superficie reticulato-sulcata, inter
.segmentum primum et sextum lateribus reetis, segmento quinto latissimo.

Long. 1,5-1,7 mm.

Habitat. Praslin : Cotes d'Or Estate.

Specimina duo SS, unum ?.

43. Habrocytus cyanescens, sp. n.

Femina. Obscure cyaneo-grisea, vertice episterno et metapleura virescenti-
bus, subauratis ; abdomine nitido segmento basali et lateribus viridibus, dorso
cuprescenti-nigro ; oculis brunneo-rufis, scapo cimi pedicello ferrugineis, funiculo
et clava fuscis ; alarum nervis griseis ; pedibus flavo-rufis, femoribus ad medium
fusco-maculatis vel umbratis, tarsis pallidis apice infuscatis.

Caput magnum, thorace latius proportione 14:11, antice visum longitudine
5/7 latitudinis aequante, vertice vix arcuato, oculis 4/5 fere longitudinis extensis,
glabris, sat prominulis ; genis brevibus in dimidio inferiore immersis ; clypei
parte media concavo-marginata prope marginem impressa; mandibulis 4-
dentatis, dente basali magno rotundato-truncato, ceteris acutis, apicali evidenter
quam ceteris longiore ; antennis in media facie ad l/3altitudinisorbitaruminsertis.
Forma capitis de latere inspecti elliptica, inferne truncata, latitudine sesquilongior,
ccidis ovatis diametro transverse 3/4 latitudinis et 5/7 ccrum dismetri Iciigi-
tudinalis aequante ; genis subtiliter sulcatis. Caput de supra inspectum
compressum, diametro longitudinali 1/4 transversi haud superante, ocellis sat
magnis, anteriore lineae posterioribus tangenti contiguo, his ab orbitis minus
quam inter se remotis (proportione 7 : 10). Superficies lineis elevatis minute
reticulata, glabra, areolis fere ubicumque aequalibus, fundo nitidis, infra hneam

176 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

ocularem et super tempera tantum elongatis ; strigis clj'peum parum supe-
rantibus.

Scapus rectus, ocellum anteriorem attingens ; annelli aequales, simul
sumpti dimidiam pedicelli longitudinem aequantes ; articulus primus funiculi
pedicello inconspicue longior, sequentes sensim breviores, parum latiores, ultimus
5/8 longitudinis primi aequans, vix latitudine .sua longior. C'lava articulis duobus
praecedentibus aequilonga, paullum latior.

Thorax latitudine sesquilongior, collari angusto, de supra inspccto lateribus
baud parallelis sed fortiter retro convergentibus et cum parte antica prcthoracis
angulum acutum formantibus ; dorso inter scutum et scutellum valde depresso ;
scutello quam scuto vix breviore et quam metanoto, absque dorsello, duplo
longiore. Area media metanoti cordiformis late truncata, id est trapezoidalis
angulis anterioribus rotundatis ; latitudine sua latior proportione 5:3; parte
tertia postica nucham formans incerte antrorsum limitatam ; carina vix elevata ;
foveis prope dorselli extremitates rotundis, magnis, diametro 1/5 areae latitudinis
aequantibus ; plica utriusquc lateris post foveam recto-lineari, super nuchas
latus desinente, in angulo huius anteriore crj-ptam profunda excavatam extus
limitante. Spiracula magna, elongata. Superficies dorsi item atque capitis
reticulata, glabra ; metanoti area media sculptura magis minuta ; episternum
et metapleura nitida.

Proalae basi glabrae, cellula costali quam nervo marginali longiore, pro-
portione 5 : 3, pilis uniseriatis, nervo postmarginali 2/3 huius haud superante,
stigmatico 3/5 postmarginalis et 1/2 marginalis aequante, speculo extus recte
limitato, pilis marginis apicalis brevissimis.

Coxae posticae ad medium lateris posterioris longe piJosae.

Abdomen thoraci cum capite aequilongum, latitudine 4/5 thoracis vix
aequans, basi triquetrum ; de supra inspectum elongate ovato-acutum, seg-
mentis 2. et 3. aequalibus, simul sumptis basali convexo-marginato aequilongis,
segmentis 4.-6. huic subaequalibus ; apice parce pilosulo, superficie subnitida,
sulcato-reticulata, in segmento basali tantum laevi et magis nitente.

Long. 3 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " near Morne Blanc."

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Bruchobius Ashmead.
44. Bruchobius medius, sp. n.

Femina. Griseo-viridis, metallica, fere chalcea, capite thoraceque subnitidis,
abdomine fere toto obscuriore, nitido ; oculis obscure rubris, scapo, pedicello
annellisque duobus primis griseo-luteis, annello ultimo, funiculo et clava brunntis,
alarum nervis pallidis, grisescentibus, femoribus brunneis, genubus, tibiis tarsisque
flavo-albidis, his artieulo apicali infuscato.

Caput magnum, crassum, thorace paullum latius, antice visum rotundatum
et longitudine 5/6 latitudinis aequans, oculis glabris, antennis in media facie
paullum supra lineam ocularem insertis, clypeo truncato ; de supra inspectum
duplo latius quam in medio longius, ocellis in angulum acutum dispositis, externis
inter se remotis spatio duplo quam distantia ab oculis, hac distantiae ab ocello
anteriore aequilonga ; de latere inspectum vertice aliquantulum angustato,
bene rotundato, facie inferius magis elevata, oculis subelUpticis, id est supra

JSTOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 177

et infra minus late curvatis et diametro maiore oblique disposito, hoc lati-
tudini capitis fere aequali. diametro autem transverse 3/5 longitudinalis hand
superante.

Antennae scapis fere contiguis, rectis ; flagello latitudinem capitis vix
aequante ; annellis tribus, ultimo duplo latiore quam longiore ; funiculo sat
crasso articulisque sensim latioribus, primo quam pedicello paullum longiore,
secundo 3/4 primi baud superante et pedicello aequilorgo, sexto vix latitudine
longiore ; clava articulis duobus praecedentibus aequilonga ; articulorum sensillis
linearibus paucis, nusquam pluriseriatis.

Sculptura dorsi confertim, profunde et sat grosse punctata, super meta-
thoracem item atque super caput magis minuta, punctis etiam minus fortiter
impre.ssis. Pili dorsi et capitis breves, rigidi. albi.

Thorax robustus, dorso in dimidio anteriore planiusculo, collari lato, 1/3
longitudinis scuti attingente, bene discrete, in parte media baud acute marginato ;
sulcis scapularum non ultra 2/3 scuti longitudinis extensis, hoc quam latitudine
sua maxima sesquibreviore et scutello aequOongo ; freno baud discrete ; lati-
tudine et longitudine scutelli aequalibus ; metanoto dimidiam scutelli longitu-
dinem paullum superante, carina et plicis destitute, feveolis duabus rotundatis
parvis at satis profundis prope dorselli extremitatibus excavatis ; nucha parum
prominente, antice impressione laevi incerta limitata ; spiraculis mediccribus
latitudine sesquilongioribus ; angulis posticis metathoracis sat longe pilosis.
Praesternum parvum.

Proalae cellula costali cjuam nerve marginali longiore, propertione 4/3,
hoc et postmarginali incerte limitate subaequilongis. stigmatice quam marginali
fere sesquibreviore, proportiene 11 : 17, clava sat magna baud rotundata ter-
minate ; pilis apicalibus brevibus. Alae metathoracis in parte basali fortius
angustatae, latitudine maxima ad 1/3 longitudinis, cellula costali lata.

Abdomen longitudinem thoracis cum capite aequans, quam thorax minus
latum, de supra inspectum evali-acutum, segmento basali 1/4 longitudinis
fermante, secundo breviore, tertio primo aequilongo, quarto et quinto, simul
sumptis, secundum itemque sextum aequantibus. Superficies laevis, nitida,
in segmento sexto tamen reticulato-sulcata.

Long. 1,9 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Micromelus Walker.
45. Micromelus affinis, sp. n.

Mas. Niger, abdomine cuprescente, pedibus cum coxis, scape, pedicello
anneUisque flavis. funiculo et clava flavo-fuscis, oculis brunntis. ocellis pulchre
rubris, vertice cyanescente-nigro, facie cum genis totis, metanoto abdominisque
basi obscure viridibus, alarum nei-vis flavo-griseis.

Caput magnum, crassum, thorace latius, ocuUs glabris. hand prcminulis,
dimidium longitudinis extensis, de latere inspectis subrotundis ; genis perspicue
sulcatis ; vertice in longitudinem et latitudinem sat curvate, superne vise 4/5
latitudinis capitis aequante ; eceUis in angulum obtusum dispositis, pesterioribus
ab anteriore et erbitis aequo spatio, inter se spatio duplo quam ab orbitis,
remetis ; occipite concave, baud limitate.

12

178 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Flagellum latitudinem capitis aeqiian.s ; pedicellus latitudine sua fere duplo
longior ; annelli tres simul siimpti dimidiuni pedicelli vix .«uperantes, duo primi
aequales, tertius fere duplo lungior ; funiculi articuli quinque pedicello aequilongi
et latitudine paullum latiores, sen.sillis linearibus pilisque longis instructi ; clava
articulis piaccedentibus 2i aequilonga.

Thorax 4/5 latitudinis capitis aequan.s, de latere inspcctus pronoto sub-
verticali, scuto atque dorsello in eodem piano di.spo.^itis, aequaliter curvatis ct
aequilongis ; metanoto, cum nucha, cpiani his baud breviore et anguli recti
diniidium declivitate fonnante. Prothorax superne inspectus conico-obtruncatus,
basis latitudine duplam longitudinem atquans ; margine anteriore angulo
obtuse in medio excavate et costis duabus parallelis instructo ; collari angusto,
antice recte terminato. margine subacute. Sulci scapularcs antice tantum in-
dicate Metanotum de supra inspcctum triangulare, apice truncatum, nucham
tegularem formans a reliqua superficie hand discretam ; plicae subtiles, spiraculis
proximae, vix censpicuae ; spiracula minima, oblonga, a postscutelle paullum
remota.

Proalae ncn'o stigmatice in clavam baud parvam desintnte, quam neivo
marginali sesquibreviore (8 : 13), hoc et postmarginali aequilongis, cellula basali
et speculo glabris, margine sat longe ciliato.

Sculptura capitis et dorsi reticulata, areolis sat magnis. plerumque regulariter
hexagonis, fere ubicumcpie acqualibus, reticule strigis parum elevatis, in lati-
tudinem convexis, formate. Dorsum setis perpaucis longis instructum.

Abdomen longitudinem capitis cum thorace aequans, huius latitudinem
vix superans, ovato-acuminatum, segmcnto basali parvo 1/5 totius longitudinis
extenso, nitido, in margine postico convexo, segmentis reliquis transverse reti-
culatis, 3.-5. aequalibus.

Long. 1,45 mm.

Hahitdt. Silhouette : Mare aiix Cochons plateau.

Adii. Haec species Micromdo elonguio Thorns, peraffinis videtur.

iSpecimen unicum.

Gen. Phaenacra Forster.
46. Phaenacra eurycephala, sp. n.

Femina. Capitc thoraceqiie uigris, albo-pilosis, abdomine supra brunneo-
cuprescente, in segmcnto basali pallidiore ; oculis rufo-brunncis ; pedibus,
alarum nervis. scape in dimidio apicali. pedicello annellisque grisee-luteis, .scapi
dimidie basali albide ; funiculo brunneo-luteo, albo pubescente, clava brunnta
articulo ultimo pallido.

Caput magnum, thorace latius proportione S : 5, antice visum longitudine
3/4 latitudinis acquante, facie satis cenvcxa, vertice late, 2/3 totius latitudinis
extense, oculis glabris, haud prominulis, lirea oculari inferiore paullum infra
medium longitudinis sita. genis fortiter curvatis, peristomie parvo, clj'peo apico
medio inciso-bidentato ; de latere inspcctum subcllipticum longius quam latius
proportione 7 : 4, verfice aliquantulum angustato, oculis ovatis, diametro trans-
verso c[uam lengitudinali sesquibreviore. genis subtiliter suleatis ; superne visum
longitudine partis mediae 1/3 latitudinis aequante, ocellis in angulum obtusuni
dispositis, posterioribus ab anteriore ct oculis aeque distantibus. inter se spatio

NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917. 1"9

sesquilongiore remotis, vertice hand postice limitato. Superficies in dimidio
inferiore faciei .strigulosa, reliquo spatio sculptura reticulata parum conspicua.

Antennae in linea oculari insertae, scapis lincaribus contiguis ocellum vix
superantibus. Flagellum quam latitude capitis paullum brevior ; pedicellus
conicus. duplo longior cj^uarn latior ; annelli subaequales ; funiculi articuli tres
primi aequilongi, quam pedicellus vix breviores, gradatini crassiores, primus
apicis latitudine pedicellum baud superans ; articuli tres ultimi longitudine
decrescentes. sensim crassiores, sextus quadratus ; clava articulis tribus praece-
dentibus aequilonga, suturis vix conspicuis.

Thorax brevis, altus. collari marginato ; scutello elevato, aeque lato atque
longo ; dorsello foveola punctiformi in utroque latere prope eius extremitates
impressa, a metanoto baud costa separate ; metanoto sine carina nee plicis, in
parte media antice areolis duabus notato rotundis, depressis, et dorselli extremita-
tibus contiguis, postice nucha instructo satis magna at parum prominente, in
utroque latere areolis depressis limitata. Spiracula par^^a. subrotimda. a post-
scutello remota. t'ollare transverse strigulosum ; sculptura dorsi fortiter
impressa, reticulato-punctata, super metanotum areolis dimidio quam in scutello
latioribus. Pili super dorsum sat frequentes, crassi, longiusculi.

Proalae cellula costali quam neivo marginali duplo longiore, nervo stigmatico
dimidium marginalis aequante, nervo postmarginali incerte terminato, quam
marginali haud breviorc, speculo sub praestigmate non limitato.

Coxae posticae parvae. pilis paucis longis in latere posteriore instructae.

Petiolus transversus.

Abdomen longitudinem thoracis cum capite superans, latitudinem thoracis
fere aequans, elongate ovato-acutum, segmento basali parvo 1/6 longitudinis
occupante, nitido, in margine postico convcxo, segmentis 2.-5. subaequalibus,
fere laevibus.

Long. 2 mm.

Habitat. Anonymo Island ("a cultivated islet near Mahe").

Adn. Hanc speciem generi Phaenacrae attribuendam judicavi, etsi capitis
latitudine, illam abdominis superante, et proalarum nervis. a Phaeruicra nubigera
Forst., quae typus est generis, differret. Homojyjrvs 1 homs., Urielln Ashm.,.
nee non Tropidogastra Ashm., Kurdjumowi judicio idem sunt atque Phaenacra
(Revue riisse (FEntom. xiii. 1 91 3. No. 1 . p. 3). Species autem quam nunc descripsi,
a typis horum generum his characteribus praecipue differre videtur : ab Homoporo
[ulviventre (Walk.) capite quam thorace latiore et clypeo apice inciso. ab Uriella
rufipede Ashm. nervo marginali quam stigmatico longiore, a Tropidogastra
arizonensi Ashm. metanoto carina instructo.

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Merallus, n.

Genus Micromelo et Phaenacrae intennedium, ab illo nucha fere nulla
distinguitur ; cliaracteres eius praecipui sunt flagellum 3-annulatum stigmaque
proalarum crassuni. Species typica habitu, etiam colore, Phaenacrae enrycephalae,
quam nuper descripsi, similis est.

47. Merallus pbaenacroides, sp. n. (figs. 40, 41).
Species praecedenti haud congener, habitu et colore similis, sed alarum clava
conspicua antennisque in femina triannulatis facile distinguenda.

180 NOVrTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Femina. Nigra, abdominis leniter cupre.scentis basi cum metanoto nigro-
viridibus. pilis albis ; oculis bninneo-riifis. scapo, pedicello et clava fere tota
griseo-luteis, funiculo lutescenti-bninneo, griseo-pilosulo ; femoribus fusci.s,
tibiis pallide flavis versus apicem. cum tarsis, albis, his apice infuscatis ; alarum
nervis flavo-griseis.

Caput thoracem latitudine superans. liac quaui longitudine sua paullum
maiore : oculis glabris parum prominulis, dimidio fere loiigitudinis extensis, de
latere inspectis supra et infra minus rotundatis ; facie convexa. antennis mox
supra dimidium huius insertis. Unea oculari inferiore 1/3 capitis longitudinis
ab ore remota : ocelli'< in angulum obtusuni dispositis, externis ab anteriorc
paullum minus quam ab oculis remotis. inter se spatio duplo quam distantia ab
oculis. Longitude capitis supeme inspecti 3/8 latitudinis in medio aequans.
Superficies sculptura reticulata conspicua, elj^peo tantum strigoso.

Seapus ocellum anteriorem vix superans ; flagellum latitudinem capitis

aequans, piUs longiusculis. Annelli tres
simul sumpti quam pedicellus vix breviores.
duo primi subaequales, tertius fere duplo
longior. Articulus primus funiculi pedicello
paullum latior at fere duplo longior. articuli
Fio. io.-MeraUus phaenacroide,, ?. gequentes gradatim curtantes et crassiores.

Antennae pars (X 130j. , . , ^,

ultimus quadratus. Clava exsiccata com-
pressa, quam articulus primus funiculi nonnihil longior. quam praeclava latior
et dupla longitudine.

Thorax hand brevis, latitudine 3/4 capitis hand superans, collari valde angusto
sed bene discreto, metathorace carina et plicis destituto, nucha fere nulla, baud
prominente. collare parvura formante, metanoti areolis rotundis prope dorselli
extremitates leniter impressis et limite incerto. .spiraculis parvis parum elongatis.
Mesothoracis dorsum lineis elevatis crassis reticulum formantibus, quam in
capite magis conspicuum ; metathorax reticulo Uneis elevatis subtilibus insculptus.
Prothoracis collare punctulatum. Pili super dorsum rari, crassi, longiusculi.

Proalae nervo marginali 3/4 cellulae costalis aequante. postmarginali eadem
proportione quam marginali breviore, c[uam stig-
matico duplo loneiore, hoc clava sat magna, baud
rotundata. terminato.

Abdomen triquetrum. longitudinem thoracis
cum capite aequans, latitudine quam thoracis Fig. i\.—MeraUus phaena-
minore, de supra inspectum elongate ovato-acutum, '"^'" '"' *'

^ ^ ® Proalae nervi (x 43).

segmento primo 1/5 longitudinis paullum superante,

2. et 3. aequalibus simul suniptis primo aequilongis, relicjuis longioribus.

Superficies transverse reticulata.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas. Niger vel nigro-viridis, metathoracis partibus quibusdam aliisque
saepe auratis, abdominis segmento basali in medio dorso flavido. clava funiculo
concolori, tibiis pro parte infuscatis. Flagellum longum, thoracem cum capite
longitudine fere aequans, pilis longis instructum. articulorum latitudini subac-
quaUbus. Pedicellus brevis ; annelU duo, parvi ; funiculi articulus primus quam
pedicellus triplo longior. baud latior. articuli sequentes sensim breviores et
crassiores, sextus dimidiam primi longitudinem vix superans et latitudine paullum
maior ; clava articulo hoc duplo longior. Abdomen thorace paullum brevius,

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 181

lateribus vix curvatis, latitudine maxima cvideiittr post medium sita, segniento
basali 1/3 Iongitudini.s formante.

Long. 1,47-1,5 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade, " all from cultivated country near sea-level."

Specimina tria SS- unum 2.

Gen. Notoglyptus, n.

Hoc novum genus etiam in Italia occurrit. Specimina duo, utraque
masculina, observavi, aspectii valde similia, at speciebus diversis pertinentia,
quorum alterum in Liguria a dominis Bensa et Solari inventum, alterum
.seychellense, in Insula Mahe captum. Huius faciei formam, genas. clypeum
atque thoracis latera examinare non potui et in descriptione praetermisi,
quare .species italica, mihi melius cognita, generis typus erit ; ab ea
genericam diagnosim deducam. Quae haec est : Caput vertice lato, ocellis
in angulum obtusum dispositis, genis in dimidio inferiore excavatis, ore
angusto, clj'pei margine prominente, integro, mandibulis validis (sinistra
3-dentata ?) acute ac longe dentatis, maxillarum palpis normalibus ; fiagello
sat longe pilosulo. Thorax pronoti collar! acute, _scutello pone axUIarum suturas
alveoUs nonnullis, medio dorso fovea elliptica, juxta freni suturam foveoUs
numerosis transversim subseriatis, excavate ; dorselle transversim sulcato ;
metanoto carina et plicis, rectis, subparallelis instructe ; .spiraculis rotundis a
postscutello parum remotis ; mesosterno, mesefimero ac metapkura haud
laevibu :. Proalae nervo basali parce pubescente. nervo marginal! tenui, post-
marginali quam stigmatico duple longiore. Petiolus elongatus coxas superans,
reticulo minute insculptus, huius areolis elongatis. Abdomen segmentis post
secundum retractis. Genus Cry ptoprymno valde proximum, at scapuUs sicut in
Merismo plane discretis et scutelli alveoUs foveisque bene distinctum.

Specierum huic generi pertinentium mares ita distinguas :

N. niger — S : niger, funiculi articulis omnibus elongatis, prime latitudine
duple-, ultimo sesquilongiore ; metanoto inter carinam et plicas aequaliter
insculpte ;

N. viresce7is — cJ : obscure viridi-aeneus, thoracis feveis, petiole abdemineque
nigris ; funiculi articulo prime latitudine sesquilongiore ; metanoto inter
carinam et plicam utriusque lateris area rotundata specular).

48. Notoglyptus virescens, sp. n. (figs. 42, 43).

Mas. Obscure viridi-aeneus, his partibus etiam obscurieribus, fere nigris :
capite praeter tempera, genas et zenam juxta marginem anteriorem erbitae,
mesoscuto praeter zonas marginales. axillulis foveis alveelisque omnibus dorsi
metanoto praeter aream subnitidam inter carinam et plicam, utriusque lateris :
foveis alveelisque omnibus dorsi et abdomine cum petiole nigris. Oculi rufe-
brunnei ; antennaruni .scapus, mandibulae, tegulae et alarum nervi. pallide
flavo-grisei ; flagellum flavo-fuscum ; pedes cum coxis lutei.

Caput sat magnum, crassum, thoracis latitudinem vix superans, antice
visum oculis haud prominuhs, glabris, 2/3 eius longitudinis extensis, facie leniter
convexa, antennis in Hnea oculari insertis ; de supra inspectum diametre lengi-
tudinali dimidium transvcrsi fere aequante, vertice subplano postice haud
marginato, ocellis in angulum ebtusissimum dispositis, externis inter se pauUum

IS'2 XOVITATES ZoOtOOICAE XXIV. 1017.

magis quam ab oculis remotis ; de latere, oVatiim, inferne truncatum, tenipori-
bus genisque latis, his carina obliqua divisis ex parte inferiore orbitae retrorsiim
decurrente, oculis latitiidine sesquilongioribus, forma etiani cvata, at in
dimidio inferiore postice recte marginatis. Superficies capitis lineis subtilibus
reticulata, zona juxta marginera anteriorem orbitae, temporibus genisque, fere

laevibus. Antennae sat longae atque
tenues ; scapo subreeto ocellum hand
superante ; flagello thoraci aequilongo.
pilis longitudine articulos funiculi
aequantibus ; pedicello latitudine sua
fere duplo longiore ; annellis duobus.
aequalibus, simul sumptis quam arti-
culo sequente dimidio brevioribus ; hoc

Fig. 42. — Notonh/ptus vinscctia, (?. ,. „. i ... i. ,, ,

\.iit mi jars (< 1311) pedicelh latitudinem paullo superante

eiu.^que longitudine paulluni minore ;
reliquis funiculi articulis sensim brevioribus, at sensini crassioribus, ultimo sub-
quadrato ; clava articulis praecedentibus 2| aequilonga.

Thorax superne inspectus proncto duplo latiore quam longiore, coUari in
medio dorsi valde angusto, antice recte marginato ; mesoncti parte pracaxillari
brevi, triplo latiore quam longiore. scapulis plane discretis, triangularibus fere
aequilateris ; scuto antice duplo quam postice latiore ; scutello quam scuto
duplo longiore, latitudine sua sesquibreviore ; axillis fere ccntiguis et axilhilis
magnis, his propc alae metathoracis radiculam mucronem
conspicuum formantibus ; dorsello lineari transverso ;
metanoti parte media scuto aequilonga, postice in nucham
obtruncatam produeta, medio obtuse carinata, lateribus
plicis limitata fere totis reetis et in tertio posteriore
tantum curvatis ; spiracuUs rotundis a post.scutello et
plicis satis remotis ; eallo parce at longe pilosulo. Prc-
notum transverse strigulosum, reliquum dorsum reticu-
latum. certis locis alveolis subquadratis vel foveis rotundis
excavatum. Areolae reticuli super scutellum et scutum Fig. 43. — Noiogli/ptua
maiores. in hoc lineis elevatis, prope margines tamcn

^ * _ *^ Thoracis dorsum cum cons

minus conspicuis, salientibus, determinatae. Sulci sea- posticis it petioio (x 45).

pulares serie singula alveolorum impressa. Scutellum

nitens, basi alveolis sex excavatum, quorum duo median! minores. in limbo

apicali arcuato et in linea frenuin limitante foveis impressum contiguis, seriatis.

Pars media metanoti reticulo insculpta ex lineis elevatis, sicut super scutum,

formato.

Proalae longitudine corpus cum capite aequantes, liaud latae. basi fere
omnino glabrae, rcliquo spatio paice pubescentes, a pice sat Icnge ciliatae ; cellula
co.stali in margine glabra, in superficie angusta pilis uniseriatis ; cellula basali
postice tantum pilorum serie limitata ; speculo non infra nervum marginalem
extenso ; hoc dimidio quam cellula costali breviore et ner\-o postmarginali fere
aequilongo, .stigmatico dimidium postmarginalis aequante. Alae metathoracis
angustae, cellula costali basalem non superante, nervo marginali sat lato, pilis
marginis po.stici dimidiae alarum latitudini subaequalibus.

Pedes long!, baud robusti. Coxae posticae metanoto paullum breviores,
pilis paueis longis ornatae.

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. !r»17. Ig3

Petiolus coxas longitudine aequans, ncque propter insertionem superans,
cylindricus, latitudine sua dupio longior, superficie minute granulosa.

Abdomen breve, obtruncatuni, de supra inspectum forma semielliptica,
de latere paullum depressum, segmentis post basale retractis et apiculum vix
prominens formantibus. Segment! basalis longitude distantiam ab extreme
anteriore thoracis usque ad scutelli frenum fere aequans, latitude spatio hoc
parum minor. Marge posticus leniter concavus, superficies laevis, nitida.

Long. 1,4 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : ■'from marshes on the coastal plain near Anse Reyalc."

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Sphegigastrella, n.
Hoc genus subtribui Sphegigasterinorum (recte Sphecigasterinorum) adscribere
licet. Eius characteres praecipui hi sunt : flagellum annellis tribus, tertio, in
maribus, quam .secundo perspicue maiore ; articuli quinquc funiculi elongati ;
clava 3-articulata ; sulcus scapularis in 1/3 pestico obsoletus ; scutellum freno
baud discreto, hoc in parte eius extrema ac verticali quaerende ; metathorax
carina et plicis destitutus, spiraculis ellipticis ; petiolus in feminis coxis posticis
brevier, in maribus aequilongus : abdomen elengatum, segmento, basali quam
ceteris hand longiere. Genus a Sphegigastro praecipue dift'ert articule quinto
annuliformi, genis hand cempressis, petiole quam coxis posticis nen longiore,
segmento abdoniinali secundo quam prime minere ; Eimjdinotomorphae Giraulti
aflfine videtur.

49. Sphegigastrella longigastra, sp. n.
Femina. Obscure viridis, metanoti parte media nigra ; oculis rubris ; flagello
et alarum nervis brunneis ; scape, tegulis pedibusque praeter coxas, interdum
etiam his apice, obscure luteis, vel rufescenti-luteis, femoribus posticis obscuri-
oribus ; proaHs hj-alinis vel infuscatis.

Caput therace latius preportione 3/2, longitudine sua proporticne 7:5;
antice visum vertice arcuate, oculis sat magnis 3/5 faciei longitudinis extensis,
glabris ; genis fortiter curvatis ; cl3'pee medio bidentate, haud discrete ;
antennis supra lineam ocularem in media facie insertis, radiculis spatio inter se
remetis quam oculerum prominentia sesquibreviere. Vertex teres, ab occipite
haud separatus, ocellis magnis, anteriore lineae posterioribus tangenti contigue,
his spatio ab orbitis rcmotis quam distantia inter eos intercedente sesquilongiere.
Forma capitis de latere elliptica inferne truncata, oculis late ovatis diametro
transverse 4/5 lengitudinalis aequante ; genis sulcatis, teretibus. Superficies
fere tota minute reticulata ; clypeus radiatim subtiliter strigulesus.

Antennae tenues, scapo tenui, recto, ocellum anterierem haud superante,
flagello capitis latitudini fere aequilengo. Pedicellus duple longior quam latier ;
annelli tres simul sumpti dimidiam pedicelli lengitudinem paullo superantes,
1. et 2. aequales, duple latiores quam lengieres, tertius vix maier ; articuli
quinque funiculi pedicelli lengitudinem et latitudinem paullum superantes fere
duple longiores quam latiores ; clava articulis duobus praecedenfibus fere aequi-
lorga. haud latior, apice haud acute, articulis basali et apicali longitudine
aequalibus, intermedio quam his parum longiore.

Thorax capitis longitudine fere duplo longior. prothorace sat m.agne, sub-
conico, antice in articulatione capitis marginato-limbato, collari discreto, angusto,

184 Nov:tates Z00L031CAE XXIV. 1917,

antrorsum declivi et margine hand promincnte : sulcis scajnilariim in 1/3 postica
non elongatis. abnipte terniinatis ; scutelli freno hand discrcto ; metanoto
scutello aequilongo, carina ct plicis destitiito, prope dorselli cxtremitates
laterales fovea sat magna oblique elliptica, postice baud limitata, impresso ;
nucha angusta, callo parce pilosulo, spiraculis ellipticis. Mesonoti pars prae-
axillaris item atque scutellum lineis elevatis conspicne reticulata, aieolis regu-
lariter polygonis ; sculptura axillarum et metathoracis prrpe sulcum spiracuJi
fere obsoleta, in parte media metanoti usque ad nucham concinne alveolata.

Proalae in parte tertia basali fere omnino glabrae, reliquo spafio confertim
pubescentes, speculo distincto, nervo marginali tenui, diniidium ceilulae ccstalis
longitudine aequante. postmarginali paulium breviore. leniter ciirvato. stig-
matico quam hoc dimidio breviore, versus apicem sen.sim dilatato it clava baud
determinata, pilis marginis brevibus. Alae metathoracis cellula costali usque
ad hamulos limbo angustissimo producta.

Coxae posticae pyriformes, modice elongatae, pilis brevibus in latere
anteriore ornatae. in dimidio apicali lateris posterioris longe pilosae.

Petiolus metanoto parum brevier, 2/3 coxarum longitudinis vix attingens,
basi angustus, medio globosus et fere laevis, in tertio postico subcylindricus,
transverse strigulosus ; de supra inspectus duplo longior quam latior, de latere
in dorso sinuatus et inferne leniter convexus.

Abdomen subfusiforme, valde elongatum, duplam thoracis longitudinem
aequans, latitudinem baud superans, segmento basali 1/5 longitudinis extenso,
margine postico convexo, quinto conico et duobus praecedentibus fere aequilongo ;
superficie minute reticulata, areolis transversis, in segmentis tantuni primo et
.secundo laevi, nitida ; terebra baud prominente.

Long. 3,5-4 mm.

Mas abdomine, interdum etiam thorace, nigro-viridibus vel nigris, coxis
posticis concoloribus vel item atque femoribus lutescenti-brunneis ; annellis
1. et 2. aequalibus, 3. conspicue maiore, aeque longo atque lato, annulos prae-
cedentes longitudine aequante, quam articulo primo funiculi dimidio breviore ;
hoe quam pedicello paulium magis et latitudine sua duplo longiore ; articulis
sequentihus bene discretis, sensim brevioribus, idtimo latitudinem parum
longitudine superante, omnibus sat longe pilosis ; clava articulis duobus prae-
cedentibus vix longiore ; proalis apice minus breviter ciliatis ; peduneulo sub-
cylindrico metanoto et coxis posticis aequilongo, harum apicem propter meta-
thoracis prominentiam superante ; abdomine angusto, usque ad segmentum
septimum elongate triangulari, longitudine thoraccm cum peduneulo fero
aequante, latitudine maxima prope apicem 2/3 thoracis attingentc. Long. 2-3
mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : JIarc aux C'ochons plateau et foresta super huno
locum. — JIahe : " near Morne Blanc, including specimens from the high forest
cf Morne Pilot, at about 2,000 ft. ; Cascade Estate, 1,000 ft."

Specimina duo ??, quinque 33.

50. Sphegigastrella flavipes, sp. n.

Species praecedenti similis, sed miner, petiolo pedibusque totis luteis prae-
cipuc distinguenda.

Femhm. Capite thoracecpie griseo-viridibus, nitidis ; vertice viridi-aeneo ;

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. ]85

oculis rubris ; antennis flavo-griseis praeclava et clava fuscis, vcl etiam scapo
obscure luteo et flagello brunneo-luteo, clava vix obscuriore ; pedibus cuiu
coxis et abdominis petiolo luteo-rufis vel luteis ; abdomine pallida brunneo,
leniter viridi- et cupreo-nitente ; alis plu.s minus infuscatis, nervis griseis.

Caput quam in specie pracedente paullum latius, thoracem latitudine
superans proportions 7 : 5. Oculi ex latere inspccti ovato-rotundati, diametro
longitudinal! ac transverso subaequalibus.

Annellus tertius praecedentibus manifeste maior. Funiculus articulis minus
attenuatis, sensim paullo brevioribus-longioribus, ultimo fere quadrato ; clava
quam articulis duobus praecedentibus aliquantulum longiore atque latiore.

Sculptura dorsi sicut in specie praecedente, sed areolis maioribus harumque
fundo nitido ; metanotum in parte media fere tota grosse alveolatum, prope
sulcum spiraculi utrinque fere laeve, nitens.

Proalae pubescentia minus conferta, apice sat longe ciliatae, nervo mar-
ginali quam cellula costali sesquibreviore, postmarginali 3/4 marginalis aequante,
quam stigmatico longiore proportione 5 : 3, hoc quam nervo marginali fere
dimidio breviore.

Coxae posticae magis elongatae, metanotum aequantes.

Petiolus coxas baud superans, his fere sesquibrevior, antice tantum paullum
attenuatus.

Abdomen thoracis longitudinem et 4/5 huius latitudinis fere aequans, ad
medium latissimum.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas differt pilis flagellum ornantibus articulis aequilongis, petiole coxas
postieas paullo superante, longitudine quintuplam latitudinem aequante,
abdomine latitudine maxima post medium longitudinis sita.

Habitat. Mahe, Silhouette, Praslin, variis locis. " Mahe : from cultivated
land at about 1,000 ft., and from endemic forest of rather stunted ' Capucin '
(Northea) trees on summit of ' Montagne Anse Major ' at about 2,000 ft. —
Silhouette, from high endemic forests."

Adn. Huic speciei etiam attribuenda videntur specimina quinque masculina
(quorum duo statura minima), petiolo cum coxis posterioribus et femore postico
brunneis vel flavo-griseis.

Specimina plurima.

Gen. Pachycrepis Forster.
51. Pachycrepis spilopterus, sp. n. (fig. 44).

Femina. Obscure viridis, facie et propectore, auratis ; scape cum pedicello
luteis, funiculo et clava fuscis ; oculis nigris ; pedibus cum coxis etiam luteis,
his posticis basi extus virescente ; tegulis obscure luteis, proalis nervis flavo-
griseis et macula magna prope stigma nigra ; abdomine nigro-cyaneo.

Caput magnum, thorace latius proportione 9:7; antice visum longitudine
7/10 latitudinis vix aequans, forma fere trapezoidali, vertice convexo, genis
rectis, sat longis ; de latere inspectum longitudine et latitudine subaequalibus,
oculis rotundatis, genis fovea magna triangulari fere totis excavatis. Clypeus
interne baud limitatus, in margine exteriore triarcuatus, sLnu medio aliis parum
angustiore. Mandibulae magnae, dentibus aeutis, externo maximo, sinistra 4-,
dextra 3-dentata (?). Ocelli in angulum obtusum dispositi, externi spatio inter

186 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017.

se remoti quam ab oculis sesquibreviore. Superficies faciei tota piinctato-
reticulata, verticis minute reticulata.

Antennae paullum supra lineam ocularcm in medio faciei insertae, retrfr.^um
flsxae metanotum attingentcs ; scapo verticem valde superante ; pcdicello
latitudine paullum longiore, basi vix constricto ; annellis brevissimls, primo
minimo ; funiculi articulis elongatis, pedunculo brevissimo coniunctis. pilisque
eorum latitudinem fere aequantibus ornatis : articulo primo fere duplo quam
pedicello longiore et latitudine sua ncnnihil longiore, articulis sequentibus grada-
tim paullum brevioribus ac latioribus, sexto vix longiore quam latiore ; clava
elongate ovata. articulis duobus praecedentibus baud crassiore et parum longiore,
quam articulo primo funiculi sesquilongiore. suturis aequaliter tripartita.

Thorax brevis, altus ; dorso valde curvato, item atque capitis vertice rcticu-
lato, super metanotum reticulo fortius insculpto ; collar! angusto, antice acute
niarginato ; scutello antice zona fere plana, angusta, limitato, freno vix dis-
creto ; metanoto tecti instar in longitudinem plicato, juxta dorselli extremitates

fovea incerte limitata, hand profunda, impresso ;
calli fimbria fere nulla.

Proalae nervo marginali et stigmatico aequi-
longis, 1/3 costae aequantibus, nervo postmar-
ginali quam his fere duplo longiore.

Pedes postici coxis laminato-compressis,
ovatis. pilis fere omnino dcstitutis.
Fig. 4i.—Pachycrepi3 Petiolus aeque longus atque latus.

apilopterus, (J. Abdominis latitude i/3 thoracis aequans,

rro:.ia (x 2.)- longitudo huic subaequaUs.

Long. 1.5 mm.
Mas facie magis aurata, flagello longius pilosulo, abdominis segmento
primo, sive postpetiolo, lineari. brunnec-lutto. duplani crxarum longitudinem
aequante.

Habitat. Mah^ : " Mare aux C'oclions district, and countrv above Port
Glaud."

Specimina duo 59, unum <J.

Gen. Dipara Walker.
52. Dipaia nifescens, sp. n.

Femina. Capite nigro, oculis concoloribus, facie inferne saepe testacea,
corpore, cum coxis, testaceo-rufo et pro parte nigro, interdum fere toto rufo vel
brunneo ; pedibus flavo-rufis, tarsis pallidioribus apice fuseis, alls leniter grise-
scentibus vel griseo-fuscis, nerv'is flavo-griseis, antennarum scapo obscure luteo,
flagello interdum concolore, plerumque fusco.

Caput thorace latius proportione 8 : 7, antice visum Icngitudine 5/6 lati-
tudinis aequans, vertice convexo inter ocellos posteriores magis elevato. ocello
medio mox supra lineam oeularem sito, oculis glabris minus quam 2/3 longi-
tudinis extensis ; linea oculari inferiore 2/7 capitis longitudinis ab ore rtmota;
hoc baud lato ; genis fortiter curvatis ; clypeo subquadrato in margine cxterno
integro ; facie supra clypeum mcdice elevala ; antennis paullum supra lineam
oeularem paullunique sub medium faciei insertis. efd«m fere spatio inter se
quam ab orbita remotis. Vertex de supra inspcctus 3/4 lalitudinis cccupans,

XOVITATES ZoOLOniCAE XXIV. 1017. 187

antrorsum leniter declivis, postice indistincte marginatus, tamen angulum fere
rectum cum occipite formans ; hoc linea circulari foramen includente satis
clevata, superficie plana, verticali. Ocelli sat magni, in triangulum rectangu-
larem dispositi. externi ab anteriore atque orbitis aequo spatio renioti, margini
oecipitali contigui. Forma capitis de latere duplo longior quam latior, postice
linea recta limitata, antice fere aequaliter curvata, orbita latitudine sua parum
longiore, ovato-elliptica ; genis sulcatis. Scrcbes latae sed interne tantum
impressae, hand profundae. Mandibula dextra acute tridentata. Superficies
capitis minute reticulatc-sulcata, setis nonnullis super verticem longis ;
eminentia infra antennarum insertionem et clypcus fere laeves, subnitidi.

Antennae longae, retrorsum fiexae ad medium petioli productae ; scapo
recto ocellum anteriorem vix attingentc ; pedicello quam scapo haud latiorc,
latitudine sesquilongiore ; annello baud conspicuo ; articulis septem funiculi
aequalibus, primo pedicellum latitudine aequante, omnibus bene discretis, pilis
dimidiam latitudinem, sensillis fere totam longitudinem aequantibus ; clava
triarticulata, articulis praecedentibus 2i aequilonga.

Thorax brevis, haud robustus, fere gibbosus, latitudine longior proportione
11:7, prothorace, scuto, scutello et metanoto fere aequUongis ; collari magno
longitudine latiore proportione 5 : 3, antice haud marginato. lateribus rectis ;
scuto aeque longo atque lato, antice quadruple quam in latere postico latiore ;
sulcis scapularum fortiter impressis, leniter sinuatis, cum axillarum extremitate
contiguis ; scutello ovato, convexo, latitudine sua sesquilongiore, sutura freni
paullum pone medium longitudinis sita ; metanoto plus minus distincte carinato,
superficie rugoso-costata, apice truncato, spiraculis parvis, fere rctundis, a
postscutello parum remotis. C'ollus transverse concinne striatus ; suj t rficies
dorsi minute sulcato-reticulata, areolis inaequalibus, ad medium scutelli ct super
axillas minimis, foveolis rotundis nonnullis, setas longas ferentibus, sparse
excavatis. Frenum in longitudinem striatum. Praesternum sat magnum,
antice recte angulatum, inferne productuni. fere laeve ; mesosternum eonfertim
alveolato-punctatum ; mesopleura et collaris latera transverse strigulosa ; meta-
pleura triangularis, reticulata.

Proalae abdomen superantes, postcosta tenui, apice subtiliore. setisque
quincjue longis aliisr^ue minoribus instructa, quam nen^o marginal! proportione
7 : 9 breviore ; nervo hoc cum postmarginali longe .«etcsis ; stigmatico 1/5
marginalis fere attingente et clava parva fere scmicirculari terniinato, dente sat
longo, tenui, munito : nervo postmarginali ad extremitatem marginis anterioris
alae producto, pcstcostac aequilongo ct quam stigmatico magis triplo longiore ;
cellula costali perangusta, basali nervo valde obliquo extus terminata, fere
glabra ; speculo secundum nervum marginalem disposito usque ad dimidium
huius elongato, incerte limitato ; pilis inter speculum et nervum marginalem
minus confertis, in marginc apicali sat longis. Alae metathoracis abdominis
apicem attingentes, angustae, longitudine quintuplam latitudinem aequantes,
margine anteriore fere toto recto, posteriore leniter curvato, nervo marginali
1/3 longitudinis occupante, cellula costali super hunc non elongata, setis marginis
postici et apicis longioribus.

Pedes cum coxis clongati, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque longitudine sub-
aequalibus, tarsis tenuibus. Coxae anticae fere laeves, 2/3 femoris aequantes,
mediae atque posticae reticulatae-sulcatae, modice vitro auctae transverse
strigulosae ; haec ultimae magnae, subfusiformes, 1/2 thoracis et 5/6 petioli

188 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

longitudinis attingentes, latitudine sua triple longiores, linea elevata in margine
apicali alia que prope hunc annulos formantibus.

Petiolus valde elongatus, deorsum declivis, interdum leniter arcuatus,
dimidium thoracis longitudinis superans, latitudine 1/5 longitudinis suae aequans,
forma cylindrica. superficie scabra, satis vitro aucta punctato-alveolata.

Abdomen parvum, nitidum, segmentis post primum retractis, petioli longi-
tudinem parum superans, de supra inspectum semiovale, margine postico recto
et longitudine sesquibreviorc, fovea postpetioli parva ; de latere obovatum,
longitudine duplam altitudinem fere attingens.

Long. 2 mm.

Mas feminae similis.

Habitat. " Mahe : marshy coastal plain near Anse Royale. — Silhouette :
coast near Pointe Etienne, and forest above Mare aux Cochons. — ^FeUcit^ Island."

DE SPALANGIINIS

Revisionem generum quae sunt Cerocephalae Westw. aflSnia, ad ea bene
definienda et recognoscenda necessariam esse opinor. Nunc tentamen tabulae
analyticae, species mihi observatione exemplarium vel descriptionibus notas
includentis, hie referam, etsi marium characteribus saepc omissis et diagnosibus
nimis brevibus, studiosis parvae utilitatis fore videatur.

Praeter species sej'chellenses in hac monographia descriptas, quarum unam
subgeneri novo, duas generibus etiam novis adscribere licet, exemplaria observavi
Theocolaci formiciformi Westw. pertinentia, mascuUnum et femiiieum, quae mihi
dominus Waterston (sub nomine " Cerocephala jormicifonms Westw.") ex Anglia,
comiter misit, aliaque generi Chaetospilae Westw. attribuenda, feminea, in
Italia septentrionali (Veneto) inventa (ex coUectione Magrettii, in Museo Civico
Gfenuensi) alia denique, eiusdem sexus, a dominis Dodero et Mantero prope
Genuam coUecta. Hacc ultima, quae alio loco describam, forma crunt typica
generis novi quod Sciatherodes appellabo. In Chaetospilae exemplaribus eosdem
characteres obseivavi, exceptis nonnuUis specificae rationis, quos Westwood
descriptione feminae et figuris indicavit, itaque in opinione Thomsoni atque
Forsteri non convenio, qui Chaetospilam ac Cerocephalam pro synoniniis habue-
runt : differentias inter haec genera Westwood ipse recognovit, neque hoc eum
fefelUsse videtur. Auctorum exemplum secutus, Cerocephalam formam illam
appello quam Ratzeburg postea nomine Sciathera descripsit, at non satis certum
judico Cerocephalam coniigeram Westw. in Gneimi " Magasin de Zoologie " de-
scriptam, et Sciatheram trichotum Ratz., eidem speciei, immo eidem generi,
pertinere. Crawfordi Cerocephala airoviolacea * et bakeri,'\ generi CerocepJialae
juste relatae videntur.

In tabula analytica genera Spalangia Latr. et ParaUiesthia Cam. omisi, hoc
ultimum mihi non satis notum ex auetoris descriptione, forsan Neosciatherae
mihi, est proximum.

A. Axillae remotae, sutura axillo-scutellaris hand immersa, dorsum nitidum.
a. Funiculus ? 5-articulatus .... Gen. Chaetospila Westw.
aa. Funiculus ? 6-, o 7-articulatus.

b. o et $ alati, metanoti sculptura saepe conspicua

Gen. Cerocephala Westw. (Sciatheras Ratz.).

• Proc. U.S.N. Mua. 1913. p. 314, $.

t Philippine J. o/ Sc. ix. No. 5. Se. D. 1914. p. 460, ?.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 189

Proalae nervo postmarginali et stigmatico brevibus ; mari.s flagellum
articulis hirtis ..... Subgen. Ceroceplmla, n.

Proalae nervo postmarginali fere nullo. tenui ; niari.^ flagellum articulis
setis longis in verticillum dispositis, clava biarticulata medio eon-
stricta ...... Subgen. Parasciatheras, n.

bb. (J et 5 apteri, metanotum sublaeve . Gen. Theocolax Westw.

B. Axillae propinquae vel eoniunctae, sutura axillo-scutellaris immersa, scutellum
triangulare.
a. Superficies axillarum et scutelli laevis, pronotum et mesonotum nitida,
metanotum fovea pone dorseUum nulla, praestigma setosum

Gen. Sciatherodes, n.
aa. Superficies axillarum oblique sulcata, scutelli strigo.sa, pronotum et
mesonotum punctata, metanotum fovea transversa pone dorseUum
profunde excavata, praestigma glabrum (an setis deciduis ?).
b. $ antennis infra medium faciei, in linea oculari insertis, scapo ocellum
non superante, funiculi articulo primo quam pedicello fere duplo longiore,
proalis margine apicali fortiter cur\^ato, nervo postmarginali et stigma-
tico brevibus subaequalibus .... Gen. Neosciatheras, n.
bb. a antennis paullum supra medium faciei insertis, scapo verticem
superante, pedicello brevi, funiculi articulis et clava valde elongatis,
subcylindraceis, illis medio constrictis, sensillis longis, hac articulis
tribus subdiscretis ; alveoUs in sulco axillo-scutellari uniseriatis ; proalis
apice subtruncato-rotundato, nervo postmarginali fere nullo, stig-
matico elongato clava mutica ; pedibus sat longis, gracilibus

Gen. Sciaiherellvs, n.

Gen. Cerocephala Westw.

SuBGEN. Parasciatheras, n. {vide ante).

5.3. Cerocephala (Parasciatheras) caelebs, sp. n. (figs. 45-48).

Mas. Piceo-rufus, pronoto ac mesothoracis dorso aeneis, nitidis, capitis
vertice violaceo ; funiculi articulis apice obscurioribus, setis basi nigris, clavae
articulo apicali itemque abdomine nigris ; proalis macula dilute brunnea infra
praestigma aliaque magna pone 5/9 longitudinis ornatis, spatio reliquo hyaUno,
pilis fimbriae griseis.

Caput antice visum aeque longum atcjue latum, superne areuatum, inferne
obtusum, genis buccatis, oculis sat magnis,
baud prominulis, linea oculari superiore fere
1/5 longitudinis, inferiore 5/7 a vertice re-
mota, facie in dimidio inferiore radiatim
strigulosa. Forma capitis superne inspecti
transverse elliptica longitudine parum latior,
facie et occipite fere aeque prominentibus, ^'°- 45,-Ceroccptoto iParasciathera.)

OCeUis in angulum rectum dispositis. Super- i, eaput .ntte vi»um; S.ldemsupeme; ix 30).

ficies in dimidio superiore laevis, nitida.

Antennae media facie insertae. Scapus ocellum anteriorem baud superans ;
funiculus articulis 1.-3. satis conspicue, 4. et 5. minus, versus ipsorum apicem

190

XOVITATES ZOOLOUICAE XXIV. 1917.

latitudine decrescentibus, itaque forma obconica, truncata, setis longis, crassis,
instructis ; elava articulis duobus aequalibus formata, medio constricta.

Fio. 46. — Cerocephala {Parasciatheras)
caelebs, J.
Flagellam (x 43).

Fio. 47. — Cerocephala (Parasciatheras)
caeteba, ,£.

IToala (X 30).

1

^.-^^v^

^

Sulci scapulares foveoli?? impressi rotundatis, iini.scriati.';, anticr.sum gradatim
maioribus. Axillae remotae ; earum .superficies et seutelli laeves. Sulci axillc-

.scutellares alveolorum serie unica indicati, alveolis
versus seutelli basim gradatim minoribus. Meta-
notum superficie reticulato-alveolata.

Proalae apice rotundatae. pilis fimbriae ad an-
gulum posticum longioribus, nerve stigmatico baud
angustato 1/5 marginalis aequante, lateribus paral-
lelis, elava nulla, dente autem sat kmgo ; praestigma
setarum caespite in.struetum.

Petiolus coxas posticas superans.
Long. 1,7 mm.
Fia. 4&.— Cerocephala {Para- Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate, "from forest

sciatherae) eaeUha, $. ^^ 1,000-2,000 ft."

1, proalae nervus st^maticus; c\

■2, praestigma; (x 80). Specimen unicum.

Gen. Neosciatheras, n. {vide ajitt).
54. Neosciatheras laticeps, sp. n. (figs. 49, 5(>).

Femina. Piceo-rufa, oculis concoloribus, abdoniine brunneo-lntescente.
Clava flavo-ochracea ; scapus subtus atque lateribus, coxae anticae atque
posticae, tarsi omnes et oviductus in dimidio ba.^ali, pallide flavo-grisei, oviductu.s
dimidium apicale nigrum ; coxae intermediae totae, anticae macula magna
lateris cxterioris, posticae apice, nee non alarum nervi, brunnei ; proalae prae-
stigmate nigro, ultra cellulam basalem flavido-grisescentes, fascia sub praestig-
mate et macula juxta nervum stigmaticum obscurioribus, margine apicali pallido,
pilis fimbriae albis apice nigris.

Caput thoracis latitudinem superans proportione 7 : 5, longitudine sua
paullum latius proportione 10:9; anticc visum vcrtice arcuato, oculis pro-
minulis, glabris, linea oculari inferiore 1/3 capitis longitudinis ab ere remota,
genis inferne curvatis, peristomio sat lato, antennis paullum supra lineam ocu-
larem et infra medium faciei insertis, ab oculis aequo spatio quara inter se remotis ;
.scrobibus infra tantum determinatis et margine externo ad 1/3 scapi longitudinis
in angulum obtusum, de latere inspectum melius ob.servandum, elevato. Faciei
pars subantennalis sulcis duobus notata parallelis, a scrobibus ad os extensis ;
spatio interposito angulatim plicato. Forma capitis de latere oblonga, limite

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

191

Fig. 49. — Neosciatkeras laiicepSy $^
1, thorax cum capite, abdomiDis peticlo et
alarum parte basali ( X 23); 2, caput antice
visum (X 21); 3, pes anticus (X 27).

anteriore et po-steriore subrectis atque parallelis, latitudine 4/7 longitudinis

aequante ; vertice cum fronte continuo, superne angustato ; oculis ellipticis ;

orbita margine elevato et diametro longitudinali quam transverse sesquUongiore,.

hoc latitudinem capitis fere totam occupante.

Vertex, superne inspectus, lateribus orbita ob-

liqua, postice occipite concavo terminatus ; hoc

distincte marginato et margine in parte media

ocellis posterioribus propinquo. Ocelli mediocres,

in declivio anteriore verticis angulum fere rectum

formantes, externi ab oculis aequo spatio quam

inter se remoti. Superficies capitis tota scabrosa-

punctata, pubescentia brevi, alba, satis conferta.
Antennae lO-articulatae, sine annello, funi-

culo 6-articulato, clavae articulo primo vix, ultimo

minime, discretis. Scapi leniter curvati et con-

vergentes, usque ad ocellum anteriorem elongati.

Flagellum duplam scapi longitudinem paullo

superans, fere glabrum, pilis paucis brevibus, ad-

pressis ; pedicellus parvus, latitudine sua baud sesquilongior ; funiculi articulus

primus elongatus pedicello duplo longior, baud apice latior. in dimidio basali

magis attenuatus ; secundus pedicelli longitudinem nonnihil superans, quam

primus brevior proportione 3:5; articuli sequentes gradatim breviores et

crassiores, idtimus quadra-
tus ; clava cylindro-conica,
duplam praeclavae longitu-
dinem paullo superans, ar-
ticulo basali satis discreto
medium eius non attingente.
Prothorax magnus, de
supra inspectus in dimidio
anteriore conieo et sculptura
minutissima granulosa, in
posteriore collare formans
lateribus rectis, parallelis,
superficie scabra, in longitu-
dinem irregulariter sulcata-
rugosa. Scutum antrorsum
declive, latitudine pauUum
longius, minute punctatum ;
scapulae (x 50) oblique ru-
gosae. Axillae quam sca-
pulae multo maiores, in
medio dorso conniventes et
scutellum depellentes, ab hoc
sulco profunde impresso
soparatae, superficie per-
spicue rugoso-sulcata, rugis curvatis, versus apiccm scutelli convergentibus
et brevi spatio in hnins superficiem productis. Scutellum triangulare sub-
aequilaterum, in longitudinem curvatum, limite postico parum convexo„

Fig.' 60. — Neoaciatheras laticepa, $.

1, Ua-^'ellum (x 55); 2, scutellum cum asillis, dor-jello et raetanoto (x 45);

3. proalae pars stigmatica (x 80); 4, proala (x 40).

192 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

superficie baud laevi. Postscutellum lineare arcuatum, dorsello indistincto.
Metanotum carina destitutum, modice vitro auctum snperficic .scabra, satis
magnificatum superficie reticulato-alveolata ; pone dorselkmi fovea transversa
semielliptica, sat profunda, excavatum : spiraculis subrotundis a postscutello
remoti>. Mesothoracis latera vix perspicue sulcato-rcticulata, mesosterno fovea
rotunda impresso, episterno et epimero discretis, antice a mesosterno serie
fovearum separatis.

Proalae abdominis apiceni attingentes, baud latae, post nervum stigmatieum,
id est ad 4/5 longitudinis, margine elliptico aequabter fimbriato terminatae ; cellula
costali lineari, longitudinem nervi marginalis cum postmarginali aequante,
ceUula basali extus valde oblique terminata, superficie reliqua sparsim punctata,
pilis destituta. excejjtis paucis (4-5) prope nervnmi stigmatieum. buius longitu-
dinem superantibus. Postcosta, item atque nervus marginalis .setis quinque
instructa, portdone ascendente in speeiminibus quae observavi glabra (setis
deciduis ?) et crassiore. Ner\'us stigniaticus brevis, 1/S marginalis aequans, in
dimidio basali attenuatus. clava baud determinata sed dente sat longo munita.
Nervus postmarginalis stigmatico paullum brevior. Alae metatboracis longae,
latae, apicem abdominis fere attingentes, margine postico et apicali sicut in alis
anterioribus longe piloso.

Pedes normales, nee breves nee crassi. Coxae anticae in dimidio apicali
lateris exterioris carina valde prominente instructae. Coxae intermediae quam
anticae latiores, abdominis petiolo aequUongae et quam posticae dimidio breviores,
haec pyriformes, anticis magis quam sesquilongiores et conspicue crassiores.
'Tibiae posticae confertim rigido-setosae.

Petiolus cylindricus, sulculatus, postice oblique terminatus, superne inspectus
linea media dorsali quam lateralibus sesquilongiore, metanoto fere aequilonga ;
latitudine longitudinem lateris fere aequante.

Abdomen, absque oviductu, thoraci aequilongum. nee amplius, fusiforme,
duplo longius quam latius, superficie lacvi, nitida ; de latere visum ventre magis
convexo ; .segmento basali medio dorso baud ineiso dimidiamque abdominis
longitudinem attingente ; secundo triplo breviore, reliquis boc etiam brevioribus,
subaequalibus. Oviductus 1/3 abdominis aequans.

Long. 2,5 mm.

Habitat. Silbouette : Mare aux Cochons.

Specimina duo.

Gen. Sciatherellus, n. {vide ante).
55. Sciatherellus orycinus, sp. n. (figs. 51, 52).

Mas. Fulvo-fcrrugineus, oculis brunneis, funiculi articulis in dimidio apicali
nigris, coxis abdoniinisque petiolo pallidioribus, abdomine pro parte infuscato,
proalis nervis griseo-fuscis, ante nervum marginalem fere hyalinis, reliquo spatio
flavescenti-griseis, sub praestigmate umbratis, sub stigmate macula magna
transversa pallide eastanea ornatis, margine apicali infuscato pilisque fimbriae
totis griseis.

Caput antice visum paullum longitudine latius, propertione 100 : 87, oculis
sat magnis, dimidiam capitis longitudinem superantibus fproportione 5 : 9), linea

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, 1017.

193

Fig. 51. — SciathereUus orycinus, ^.

1, caput auticu visum cnm antenna (x 21); 2, funiculi
articulus tertiiis (x 58).

oculari inferiore post 3/4 longitudinis sita, facie mucronibu.'i et carinis nullis. in

dimidio inferiore oblique strigosa.

Antennae nonnihil supra mediam longitudinem capitis alte insertae, scapo

verticem valde superante et orbitis aequilongo ; flagello longissimo, quam capite

fere quintuple, quam thorace et abdomine simul sumptis fere sesquilongiore ;

pedicello parvo globose ; articulis scpteni

funiculi valde elongatis, subaequalibus,

quam scapo vix crassioribus, non longiori-

bus. Sensilli articulis dimidio breviores,

fere ubicumque ordine duplice dispositi,

ita ut articulorum numerus duplicatus

apparet. Clava articulo praecedente

longior proportione 4 : 3, indistincte in

articulos divisa, sensillis omnibus acqui-

longis et ordine triplicate dispositis.

Prethorax de supra inspectus lateribus in dimidio pesteriore parallelis ;

scuto ante scapulas prominente convexo-marginato ; scutello triangulari a scuto

nonnihil remote, axillis magnis in medio dorse conniventibus, longitudinaliter

strigosis, a scutello alveolorum serie late separatis ; axillarum strigis super

scutellum brevi spatio productis. Metanotum grosse, sed baud profunde alveo-

latum, alveolorum fundo inaequali, fovea pone dorsellum nulla.

Proalae abdomen superantes, versus apicem conspicue dilatatae, hoc sub-

truncato-rotundato, pilis fimbriae frequentioribus, sat lengis, omnibus fere

aequalibus ; praestigmate in specimine baud setose ; nerve marginali pilis

numerosis instructe ; pest-
marginali fere nulle ; stig-
matico longo, 1/4 margina-
lis aequante, marginibus
subparallelis, clava baud
determinata denteque
nullo ; superficie glabra,
exceptis pilis quibusdam
prope nervum stigmati-
cum, quam hoc paullum
brevioribus.

Pedes graciliores, sat
longi. Coxae posticae

parum dilatatae, diametrum coxanmi primi paris vix superantes : hae in

latere exteriore baud carinatae, quam intermediae fere sesquilongieres, quam

posticae parum breviores.

Petiolus metathoracis apici conico alte supra coxas pesticas adfixus, his

lengior proportione 5 : 3, thorace paullum magis quam dimidio brevier ; de latere

visus leniter curvatus ; superficie strigosa.

Abdomen segmentis post secundum retractis, longitudine petiolum fere

aequans, segmento basali magne, secunde 1/4 huius non superante.
Long. 1,8 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.
Specimen unicum.

Fig. 52. —Sciatkeretlus orycinus, ^.

I'roala (X -15).

13

194

\OVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Spalangia Latreillc.

5G. Spalangia Jallax, .■^p. n. (fig. 53).

Femina. Nigra, alis flavo-gri.seis, harum ncrvi.s, tarsis praetor apiccni, intcr-
dum tibia media, brunneo-luteis, tibia postica cxtreniitatibus ct trochanteribus
omnibus minus obscuris.

Caput magnum, antice visum parum latitudinc longius proportione 7 : C,
thoracis longitudinis 5/8 aequans ; vertice altc elevate ; oculis baud prominulis,
orbita antice sinuosa ; linca oculari superiore in 2/9, inferiore in 1/3 longitudinis
sita ; genis mox infra oculos leniter tumescentibus, reliquo spatio baud curvatis,
quam orbita pauUum brevioribus ; areolis insertionis antennalis forma trian-
gulari, angulis rotundatis, his externis spatio remotis dimidiam capitis lati-
tudinem aequante ; area ocellari suico limitata ; facie sulco divisa longitudinali
profunda impresso, acute marginato, ex area ocellari ad lineam ocularem inferi-
orem extenso et strigis nonnullis transversis interrupto ; scrobibus latis, baud
profunde excavatis, inccrte liniitatis ; spatio his interposito subconvexo.
Superficies pilis hirta baud numerosis, nee ordine manifesto dispo.sitis, fere

ubicumque laevis, poKta, ex-
ceptis genis spatioque inter an-
tennarum radiculas, quae sunt
grosse, profunde et confertim
punctata.

Antennae thoraci fere
aequilongae, flagello longitudi-
nem capitis superante. Scapus
dimidium flagelli aequans ; pe-
dicellus 2/5 scapi attingens ;
funiculi articuli transversi,
primus longitudine sua paullum
latior, sequentes sensim latiores,
item atque clava pedunculo
brevi, angusto, conjunct!, ulti-
mus fere duplo latior quam
longior ; clava solida, subcylindrica, apice rotundata, articulis tribus praece-
dentibus aequOonga.

Collum minute at conspicue reticulatum ; pronotum minute reticulato-
squamosum foveolisque rotundatis sparsis leniter impressis. quam scutum duplo
longius ; hoc margine anteriore modice cui-vato, dimidiam scutelli longitudinem
parum superans. Alveoli sulcos scapulares et axillares formantes, baud magni.
Scutellum politum, sparsim et parce setosum, ad angulos exteriores tantum
foveis piliferis 2-3 sat magnis impressum, freno nullo, luiius sutura nee sulco
nee foveis indicata ; dorselluni punctorum serie utrinque impressa, ex medio
margine posteriore ad foveolam sublateralem oblique desinente ; metanotum in
parte dimidia anteriore area instructum triangulari elongata, utrinque fovea
conspicua limitata, his foveis fundo punctatis, postice conflucntihus, in parte
dimidia posteriore metanoti serie imparl punctorum non usque ad petiolum
continuatis. Mesopleura minute reticulata, areolis rectangularibus valde
elongatis, oblique dispositis : modice vitro aucta potius oblique ct concinnc
striata apparens.

FlO. 53. — Spalangia fallax, $.
1, antenna (x 08); 2, caput antice visum (x 30); 3, proala (X 52);
4, eiusdera nervus stigmaticus (X 150).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, HI17. 195

Proalae latitudine longiores proportione 5:16, nervo marginali 4/5 cellulae
costalis aequante, stigmatico brevissimo sub angulo fere recto egrediente, super-
ficie jam pone cellulam basalem pilis vestita, pubescentia brevi at conferta ad
1/3 nervi marginalis incipiente.

Pedes posteriores trochanteris articulo secundo supra tumescente.

Petiolus 2/3 metathoracis longitudinis aequans, ex basi ad apieem aeque
latus, superficie minute granulosa, nee longitudinaliter sulcata neque costulata.

Abdomen depressum, latum, quam thorax, absque petiolo, paullum brevius,
sesquilatius, segmentis minute reticulato-sulcatis, secundo et tertio longi-
tudine aequalibus.

Long. 1,3-1,5 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate, " at about 800 feet."

Specimina duo.

Adn. Species haec characteribus nonnullis. praecipue antennis, cum eiiropaea
Sp. erytliromera Forst. convenit, capitis structura cum Sp. hrasilieiwi Ashm. ;
affinis etiam videtur Sp. impunctae How. et subpunctatae Forst. Petioli scul-
pturam, quae in generis sectionibus instituendis et speciebus distinguendis valde
utilis mihi videtur, auctores saepe neglexerunt.

Gen. Eunotomyia, n.

Hoc genus ab Amuscidea Gir. differt annulo antennali nidlo, funiculi arti-
culis non elongatis, proalae nervo marginali stigmaticum aequante, nee duplo
longiore, postmarginaU fere obsolete, segmento primo abdominis 1/3 huius longi-
tudinis superante. Cum Muscidea eiusdem auctoris satis convenit, tamen differt
annulo antennali nullo. Metanotum in specimine seychellensi examinare non
potui.

57. Eunotomyia festiva, sp. n. (figs. 54-56).

Femina. Capite cum scapo brunneo-luteis, oculis obscure testaceis, flagello
nigro, occipitis anguUs inter marginem et orbitas viridi-maculatis, genis infra
ocidum area fusca notatis ; thorace obscure viridi,
lateribus fere totis, coUaris parte postica, axillis et
scutelli freno plus minus auratis, hoc obliquitate
quadam inspecto purpureo nitente ; scutelli limbo
apicali nee non metathoracis alveolis macuHsque non-
nulhs ad insertionem setarum dorsi nigricantibus ;
pedibus cum coxis, tegulis, alarum nervis et proalarum
disco usque ad marginem alae posticum brunneo-luteis,
tibiis tantum obscurioribus tarsisque, praeter apieem,
pallidioribus ; abdomine obscure violaceo, segmentis
apicalibus viridi-nitentibus, pedunculo cyanescenti-
nigro.

Caput thoracis longitudinem latitudine aequans, ^^^ si.-Eunoiomyia

antice visum triangulare, transversum, longitudine ■ /estiva, ?.

latiuS proportione 5:3, Vertice SUbreCtO, 5/9 totiuS l, caput antice visum ; 2, supeme;

latitudinis extenso, spatio inter orbitas et ocellos

laterales horum distantiam ab ocello anteriore aequante, spatio inter ocellos
laterales quam dimidia verticis latitudine vix maiore ; oculis hemisphaericis,
glabris, dimidiam capitis longitudinem parum diametro superantibus ; antennis

196

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Fig. 55. — Eunotomyia feativa, ?.
Anteima (x 65).

ad OS insertis ; facie fovea ovali baud profunda impressa, in medio huiu.s inter
radiculas antennarum modice elevata. Vertex fortiter coniprcssus, acute mar-
ginatus, ultra lineam ocidarem liaud prominulus. Caput ex latere inspcctum
subtriangulare, in longitudinem fere duplo quam in latitudinem extensuni.

Superficies subnitida. minute ac subtiliter reticulato-
sulcata, areolis super occiput niinoribus ; facies
pilis brevibus sparsis ornata.

Scapus ocellum anteriorem non attingens,

subfusiformis, magis latere anteriore curvatus ;

flagellum quam scapus sesquilongius, pedicello lati-

tudine sua longiore, proportione 5 : 2, articulis

quinque funiculi bene discretis piliscpie sat longis

instructis, primo quam ceteris parum minore, lati-

tudine pedicello aequali paullumcpie latiore quam

• longiore, reliquis gradatim latioribus, ultimo duplo latiore quam longiore ; clava

ovata, articulis tribus praecedentibus aequilonga et latitudinem praeclavae

superante, articulorum vestigio fere nullo.

Thorax latitudine maxima 3/4 capitis aequans ; collari lato. antice incerte
limitato, margine postico modice curvato ; mesonoti parte praeaxillari trans-
versa, quam collari duplo tantum longiore et longitudine sua triplo latiore ;
scuto antice proportione 5/3 latiore quam longiore, basi longitudini aequOonga ;
scutello metathoracem non obtegente, aeque longo atque lato, quam scuto fere
duplo longiore, freno distincto, limbo posteriore lunato, alveolis septem sub-
quadratis impresso. Dorsum setis nonnullis perlongis instructum, sculptura
reticulato-sulcata, axillis tantum laevibus, nitidis, scutello extremo apice laevi,
dorsulo atque freno fere toto areolis elongatis baud magnitudine nee forma
differentibus, insculptis. Metanotum
breve, serie transversa alveolorum
rectangularium circa decern instruc-
tum. Callus pilis longis albis orna-
tus. Metapleura triangularis sub-
aequilatera, item atque mesosternum
et mesopleura laevis, nitida.

Proalae apice rotundatae, sat
longe ciliatae, superficie ultra lineam
ex basi nervi stigmatici ad medium
lateris posterioris productam setis
baud confertis vestita, reliquo spatio
fere glabra ; nervis longe setosis,
humerali ad juncturam cum basali,
ubi cellula costalis latissinia, fortiter
angulatim plicato ; marginali hand
tenui, ad mediam alae longitudinem
incipiente ; stigmatico huic aequilongo, versus apicem sensim latiore et clava
indistincta terminato ; postmarginali fere nullo. Alae metathoracis item atque
anteriores longe ciliatae, margine postico pauUum ante medium fortiter
arcuato-plicato.

Pedes postici coxis pyrifomiibus, tibiis magis setosis, calcari medium meta-
tarsi fere attingente.

Fio. 56. — Eunotomyia fealiva, $.
Alae (X 15).

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 197

Abdomen thorace paullum longius, haud latius, breviter pedunculatum,
ovatum, subdepressum, lateribus parum curvatis ; pedunculo fere aeque
longo atque lato, supra planiusculo, marginato ac ruguloso ; segmentis apicem
formantibus brevissimis, scgmento basali maximo, 2/3 abdominis longitudinis
aeqiiante, de supra inspecto fere quadrato, superficie laevi, nitida.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Habitat. Mahe.

Gen. Mesopeltis, n.

Species cuius descriptio sequitur, habitu et colore Scutellistae cyaneae Motsch.
similis, sed scutelJo haud elongato ab ea facile di.stinguenda, media est inter hoc
genus atque Eunotvm : a Megapelte autem differt scutello non elongato seg-
mentoque primo abdominis maximo.*

58. Mesopeltis atrocyanea, sp. n. (figs. 57-59).

Femina. Nigro-violascens, antennis fulvo-ochraceis, oculis et pedibus
brunneis, tibiarum apice, tarsis, praeter apicem nignim, pallide testaceis, alarum
nervis griseo-fuscis, alis metathoracis lenissime, mesothoracis fortius infumatis,
his pone cellulam basalem et in disco obscurioribus.

Caput magnum, crassum, thorace latius, antice visum transversum forma
trapezoidali, 3/5 latitudinis longitudine aequans ; vertice longitudini aequilongo ;
ocellis posterioribus ab oculis spatio eorum diametro
aequali remotis ; oculis glabris, ad dimidiam faciei
altitudinem extensis ; genis fere totis rectis inferne
tantum curvatis ; oris margine piano. Capitis superne
inspecti forma lunata. limite anteriore semicirculari,
posteriore etiam fortiter curvato, margine occipitali
peracuto ; forma de latere subtriangularis, latitudine
sesquilongior, oculis ellipticis diametro longitudinali pjo st.— Mesopeltis atro-
quam transverso parum breviore. Superficies sub cyanea, $.

nitida, sulcis tenuissimis minute reticulata. Facies caput antice Ttemn^ cum antenna
modice convexa, antennis ad os insertis, scapis fere

contiguis in fovea longitudinali leniter impressa receptis. non ultra dimidiam
oculorum altitudinem extensis.

Flagellum scapo fere aeqiiilongum ; articuli tres primi funiculi simul sumpti
quam pedicellum parum longiores, dimidium funiculi formantes, primus et
secundus parvi, vix transversi, articulus quartus et quintus magni, haud
multum longitudine latiores, ultimus latitudine pedicelli longitudinem aequaVis ;
clava ovata quam praeclava parum crassior et 1/3 flagelli longitudinis, dimidiam
funiculi, attingens, articulis tribus praecedentibus aequilonga, in articulos divisa
suturLs obliquis, vix conspicuis, coniunctos, quorum primus dimidium totius
longitudinis occupans, reliqui duo subaequales.

Thorax robustus, fortiter in longitudinem curvatus, latitudine maxima 3/5
capitis aequans. Pronotum de supra inspectum brevissimum, fere lineare,

* Dum haec descriptio impriinebatur, Waterston speciein novani illu.stravit, nomine Eunoto
truncatipenni^ in Africa in "Gold Coast" inventam, quam generi meo Mesopelti adhuc inedito
pertinere ipse recognovit (Bull. Entomol. Research, London, vol. vii. 1917. p. 2.52-257. figs. 8, 9) ;
metanotum Mesopeltis atrocyaneae, ex cotypo quem ego Museo Britannico misi, in dcscriptione sua
effinxit (I.e. fig. 96).

198

NOVITATES Z0OI.OCIOAE XXIV. 1917.

fortiter arcuatum. Scutum satis longum, antice quam postice iDroportione 5 : 2
latius, basi quam longitudine sesquibrevius. Scutellum postice vix productum,
metanoti dimidium anterius obtegen.?, aeque longum atque latum, scuti longi-
tudinem superan.s proportione 4 : 3, lateribus brevibus, rectis, margines parallelos
formantibus, freno baud discrete, parte tcrtia postica margine fortiter arcuato
limitata et foveis marginalibus impressa rotundatis, sat magnis. fere contiguis,
omnibus in fundo punctis nitentibus obsitis. Metanotum fere duplo quam
scutellum brevius, foveis insculptum magnis, baud profundis, fere omnibus

transverse dupliee ordine
dispositis. Sculptura dorsi
illi capitis similis, areolis in
scapulis minoribus, in axillis
minimis, in zona media longi-
tudinali scutelli sat magnis
at valde elongatis.

Proalae margine apicali
recto, nervo humerali in eius
parte ascendente crassiore
et satis curvato, a nervo
marginali hiatu a n g u s t o
separate ; costa in parte dis-
tali item atque praestigmate
arcuata ; nervo marginali 1/6
cellulae costalis aequante,
stigmatico tenui huic sub-
aequilongo, versus clavam
subreniformem incerte limi-
tato ; postmarginali parum
breviore, truncato ; his nervis, praeter stigmaticum, sctis nonnullis longis in-
structis, marginali autem et postmarginali cum cxtremitate costac setis aliis
minus longis, sat frequentibus. ornatis ; cellula costali in dimidio proximali,
cellula basali in dimidio posteriore cum spatio usque ad marginem posticum
alae, glabris, area speculari, parte anteriore cellulae basalis et zona sub nervo
marginali punctulatis. Alae metathoracis baud latae nee margine postico
fortiter curvato, setis fimbriae sat longis, cellula costali ad
medium nervi marginalis producta.

Abdomen latitudine thoraci subacqualc paullumque
longius, basi late sessile, hac in dorso foveis cxcavata
magnitudine et forma alveolis metanoti similibus. Seg-
mentum primum superne inspectum subquadratuni, 3/4
totius longitudinis aequans, jiolitum, lateribus antice mar-
ginatis, ventre pone coxas posticas pube albida ornato ;
segmenta reliqua brevissima apicem breviter conicum for-
mantia, cuius longitudinem terebra in uno specimine pro-
jecta paullum superat.
Long. 1,5 mm.

Mas ditfert antennis longioribus, crassis, 9-articulatis, pedicello latitudine
et longitudine fere aequalibus, articulo primo funiculi quam pedicello duplo
latiore et latitudine sua fere duplo longiore, articulis tribus luiic sequcntibus

Fig. 58. — Meaopdiia atrocijanea, $.
1, proala (x 65) ; 2, eiusdem nervus postmargiualis et stigmaticus (x 167).

Fio. 59. — Meaopeltia

atrocyanea, (J.
Abdomen atque metanotum
fum scutelli apice (X 30).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 199

cylindricis, gradatim brevioribus, ultimo aeque longo atquc lato, tribus apicalibus
clavae pertinentibus ultimo funiculi subaequalibus.

Habitat. " Silhouette : Mare aus Cochons, and from long grass in low
cultivated country. — Mahe : country above Port Glaud. — Long Island (a culti-
vated islet near Mahe)."

Specimina tria $?, unum S.

SuBFAM. ELASMINAE.
Gen. Elasmus Westwood.
59. Elasmus eximius, sp. n. (fig.*. 60, 61).
Femina. Capite, praeter partem infcriorem flavo-gri.seam pronoto, mesonoti
parte praeaxillari axillisque, obscure viridibus, metallicis ; thoracis lateribus
nigro-b runnels, praesterni disco, humeris et axillarum puncto prope tegulas
rufescentibus ; metathorace laete viridi, nitido ; dorsello atque scutello
aurantiacis, hoc ba?i et macula discoidali ad apicem fere nigris ; abdomine usque
ad segmentum quintum luteo-aeruginoso. basi tantum maculis duabus dorsalibus
fuscis notato, in eius parte apicali nigro ; .scapo et pedicello lutescenti-griseis,
illo in latere supero obscuriore, hoc fusco-maculato ; funiculo et clava brunneo-
luteis ; pedibus flavo-griseis, tarsis obscu-
rioribus, coxis mediis ac posticis dimidio
ba.sali, femoribus posticis etiam apice et
lateribus versus apicem, nigris ; alis
griseiS, j.jQ_ QO.— Elasmus eximius, $.

Vertex foveolis insculptus rotundis FiageUum (x 65).

fere contiguis, diametro dimidium ocel-

lorum non superantibus ; fades, praeter partem oralem, foveolis fere ubicum-
que spatio remotis diametro eorum aequali. Funiculi articuli elongati, primus
pedicello duplo longior, longitudine sua duplam latitudinem paullum superans,
tertius primo paullum brevior ; clavae articuhis basalis secundo vix longior,
praeclava nonnihil brevior. Sensilli antennales in articulo primo funiculi
transverse triseriati, in articulo tertio et duobus primis clavae biseriati. Tibiae
posticae calcari maiore 1/4 metatarsi non superante, spinarum seriebus lateris
dorsalis extus rhombos quatuor semisque, valde elon-
gatos, formantibus.
Long. 2,3 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " cultivated country near sea-
FiG. 61. — Elasmus level at Cascade."

eximius, ?. Specimen unicum.

Tibiae posticae pars apicaiiBCx 55). y^^ Specimen aUud, ctiam femineum, a praece-

dente difEerens scutello flavo, at eisdem maculis nigricantibus, dorsello fusco,
flavo-limbato ; macula humerali punctiformi, axillari nulla.

Habitat. Mahe : " marshy coastal plain near Anse Royale."
Adn. Haec species ab E. insulari Gir. differre videtur macula humcrorum
non albida, abdomine basi baud omnino nigro, post segmentum quintum toto
nigro, nee apice tantum zonaque praeapicali nigricantibus.

60. Elasmus bellus, sp. n.
Femina.. Praecedenti simihs, ditfert scutello parti praeaxillari dorsi con-
colore, dorsello in dimidio anteriore nigro, in posteriore albido, femore postico

200 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXI\'. 1917.

pone medium infuscato at apice flavo-griseo ; foveolis faciei minus confertis
spatioque remotis earum diametrum sesqui vel diiplo superante ; spinis in latere
dorsali tibiae posticae series tres siniiosas, nusquam confluentes, formantibus.

Long. 2,2 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette.

Specimen unicum.

01. Elasmus, sp. (fig. 62).

Femina. Nigro-aenea, interdum cyanescens, capite, metathcracc ct ab-
dominis basi viridibus, metallicis, abdomine reliquo fere nigro, dorselli margine
flavo-griseo ; scapo ac pedicello brunneo-luteis, hoc supra fusco-maculato,
funiculo et clava concoloribus vel brunneis ; pedibus griseo-fuscis, genubus
minus obscuratis ; aUs griseis.

Foveolae verticis et faciei diametro dimidium ocellorum aequantes, spatio

remotae earum diametrum fere ubicumque
sesqui-superante. Funiculi articuli subacquales,
longitudine sesquilongiores, primus quam pedi-
cellus baud multo longior, sensillis in serie unica
transverse dispositis ; clava articulis duobus
primis quam praeclava brevioribus, medio hac

Fig. 62.— Elasmus, sp., $. , . .... j. ^ r >.• i i

, ^., latior, sensilhs per totam fere articulorum lon-

Antcuixa (x 60). ^

gitudinem extensis. Tibiae posticae sat robustae,
calcari maiore 1/3 metatar.^i attingente, latere dorsali confertim spinuloso, spinis
longis rhombos extus formantibus tres semisque, longitudine duplam eorum
latitudinem non superantes.

Long. 2 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Fort Victoria, Cascade Estate. — ^Anonyme Island. — Sil-
houette : Mare aux Cochons.

Specimina duodccim.

SuBFAM. EULOPHINAE.

Gen. Elachertus Spinola.

02. Elachertus, sp.

Mas. Niger, nitore vario, antennis scapo et pedicello flavi.s vel flavo-rufis,
funiculo griseo, oculis brunneis, pedibus praeter coxas posticas flavis, alarum
nervis pallidis, abdominis dorso testaceo-maculato. Caput interdum nigro-
viride ; prothoracis dorsum et mesothoracis pars praeaxillaris, cum scutelli
zona marginali, aeneis, nitore aureo-purpureo ; scutelli discus purpureo-vio-
lascens ; metathoracis dorsum medio nigro-viride, lateribus nigrum ; abdominis
segmenta, oblique inspecta, nigro-viridia. Pili dorsi pallide grisei, oculorum albi.

Caput transversum, longitudine sesquilatius, latitudine thoracem fere
aequans ; vertice acute pone ocellos marginato, his in angulum fere rectum
dispositis, posterioribus spatio duplo quam ab oculis inter se remotis ; oculis
magnis, sat dense pubescentibus ; genis baud buccatis ; scrobe profunda ;
superficie conspicue reticulato-sulcata, foveis non marginatis sparse impressa.

Antennae funiculi articulis subaequalibus pedicello aequilongis, compressis,
clava fortiter medio constricta.

Prothorax scuto dimidio brevior ; sulci scapulares cum iUis scutelli baud

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. -201

continui. ab eis axillis medio dorso proximis separati ; .scutellum scuto aequi-
longum, latitudine sua sesquilonghi.s, sulcis impressuni zonam marginalem
limitantibus et prope eius apicem hand coniunctis, foveis diiabus rotundati.s
in parte apicali zonae marginali.s, inter se pauUum remotis, notatum. Super-
ficies scuti atque scapularum grosse reticuJato-siilcata ; areolae .scutelli antice
dimidio quam in scuto angustiores, sensim postice minores, in parte tertia apicali
nullis ; axillae fere laeves. Metanotum medio politum, carina elevata, sulcata,
quam scutellum sesquibreviore. Mesothoracis latera et metapleura laevia.

Proalae nervis stigmatico et postmarginali longis, hoc incerte limitato.

Calcar pedum posticorum maius tibiae apicis latitudini aequilongum, calcar
minus multo brevius.

Abdomen petiole transverso brevissimo, thoraci aequilongum, vel segmentis
posticis plus minus retractis.

Long. 1-1,1 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.

Specimina duo.

Adn. Haec species nulli ex tribus generis sectionibus quas Thomson instituit
convenire potest. In eius characteribus hoc est praecipuum : vertex pone
oculos acute marginatus, alarum speculum nullum, petiolus transversus, abdomen
fere sessile. Elachertiis hyphanteriae Crawf., texana species, huic quam descripsi
valde affinis videtur, verum scapulis in angulis anterioribus non insculptis et
femoribus posticis nigris differt.

Gen. Stenelachistus, n.

Hoc novum genus in subtribii Elachertinorum, inter Elachertum ( = Elachi-
stum) atque Stenomesium ponere licet, eiusque species duae nunc cognitae eodem
sunt colore subluteo, maculis nigris, qui est Stenomesio rujescenti Rossii, aliisque
huius generis speciebus. Stenelachistiim a Stenomesio thorace, abdomine anten-
nisque, omnibus elongatis, distinguas.

Generis Stenelachisti haec est diagnosis : Corpore elongate, nitore baud
metallico ; vertice cum occipite continue ; oculis glabris ; flagello longe-
articulato ; scutello juxta marginem foveolis lincaribus uniseriatis vel etiam
sulco continue impresso ; callo parce at longe piloso ; mesosterno a pectore
sulco longitudinali discrete, mesepisterne pectori contigue, inter mesosternum
et epimerum disposito ; proalis abdomen superantibus, cellula costali lineari,
nei've stigmatico brevi, postmarginali longe ; postpetiolo 1/4 abdominis formante.
— Quibus notis haec adjicere licet : corpus colore lutescente, nigro-maculatum ;
caput thorace latius ; genae baud sulcatae ; metanotum carina instructum vel
carinae loco pHois incurvis, propinquis, spatium angustum limitantibus, interdum
etiam nucha, terminatum.

Species huius generis margine occipitali, scutello, metanote, nervi marginalis
et articulerum antennalium longitudine, inter se valde differunt.

Genus Slenomesioidens quod Ashmead instituit, secundum auctoris tabulas
analyticas (deest enim descriptio) a Stenelachisto bene distinguendum videtur,
quum sulcis scutelli careat eiusque clava in articules tres sit divisa.

63. Stenelachistus impressus, sp. n. (figs. 63-65).
Femina. Lutea, nigro-maculata, a lis hyalinis, nitore pingui. Vertice inter-
dum rufescente ; area ocellari, oculis et flagello nigris ; pronoto et scuto partim.

202

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXTV. 1917.

scutello in dimidio posteriore, dorsello toto, etiam nigris ; tarsorum apicc,
abdominis macula dorsali post medium sita. lateribus ct apice fuscis.

Caput crassiusculum, thoraco latius proportione 4 : 3, antice visum trian-
gulare, longitudine 7/9 latitudinis aequans ; vertice leniter arcuato ; oculis sat
prominulis, glabris ; orbitis paullum infra convergentibus ; linea oculari inferiore
1/4 longitudinis ab ore remota ; genis vix curvatis ; peristomio angusto ; clypeo
baud discreto, parte media eius marginis incisuris duabus limitata ; antennis
paullum supra lineam ocularem infra medium faciei insertis, ab oculis aequo
spatio quam inter se remotis. Forma capitis de latere ovata ; diametrum
transversum 5/7 longitudinalis aequans : oculus 3/5 capitis latitudinis formans ;
diametrum longitudinale orbitae quam transversum paulJum longius. Tempora
pone oculos callo instructa, id est eminentia quadam oblonga, baud bene limitata,
quae de supra melius est inspieienda. Genae sine sulco, teretes. Caput superne
inspectum duplo latius quam longius, diametro longitudinali quam latitudine
verticis minima sesquibreviore, vertice terete, cum occipite superficiem convexam,
continuam, formante ; pars pone oculos, id est tertium posticum longitudinis,
lateribus valde obliquis, modice curvatis ; linea occipitalis marginem elevatum
collo adpressum formans ; ocelli in triangulum subaequilaterum dispositi,
posteriores in linea oculis tangentc dispositi, ab his aequo spatio quam inter se
remoti. Superficies totius capitis laevis.

Antennae 9-articulatae, clava 2-art-iculata. scapo ocellum superante, sat

longe rigido-piloso, pilis tamen in
dorso brevioribus, at magis numero-
sis ; flagello elongate, tenui, quam
scapo triple longiore, quam diametro
transverse capitis fere duplo lon-
giore ; pedicello 1/3 scapi longitu-
dinis et 7/9 funiculi art.iculorum
funiculi articulis quatuor triplo longioribus
clava quam articulo praccedcnte fere

Fig. 63. — Stenelachistua impresaus, $.
Flagellum (x -16).

aequante, annello satis distincto

quam latioribus, breviter pedunculatis

sesquilongiore, baud crassiore, articulo basali pedicello aequilongo, apicali 5/7

huius attingente.

Thorax baud robustus, duplo longior quam latior, prothorace sat longo,
conico, supra quam mesoscuto sesquibreviore, scapulis sulcis profundis separatis,
mesoscuto antice dimidiam thoracis latitudinem
aequante, aeque longo atque lato ; axiUis superne
inspectis scapulis subaequalibus, angulis internis
satis remotis, latere anteriore recto in lineam
cum scutello disposito ; hoc ultimo latitudinem
scuti aequante, longitudinem paullum superante,
setis quatuor instructo, lateribus rectis, limite
postico vix arcuato, superficie foveis impressa
elongatis, latis, seriem singulam formantibus
unicuique lateri parallelam, his seriebus postice
arcuatim coniunctis et apiccm scutelli tangenti-
bus ; dorsello sat magno latitudine quam scutello
sesquibreviore, in tota parte postica profunde
foveis tribus transversis, contiguis, excavate ; metathorace quam scutello
paullum breviore, lateribus curvatis, parte postica angusta in nucham parvam

Fig. 64. — Slenelachistua

impreasuSy $.

Thoracis latus ciun coxis : yr, protliomx ;

/>rs, praestomuni: 7113, mesosternum ; ep,

episteraum ; pc, pectus ; (tti, epimerum ; m/,

metapleura; 1. 2. 3, coxae; (x 45).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. 203

semicylindricam. fere aeque longam atque latani, desinentc ; carinis duabus
metanoti incurvis, lineae mediae propinquis, versus banc convexis, spatium
Hmitantibus antiee quam scutelKmi dimidio angustius, postice minus latum
at ad medium minimum ; spiraculis rotundis linea clevata pro parte circumdatis ;
callo pilis paucis, circa 8, valde longis, instructo. Super-
ficies dorsi reticulato-sulcata, metanoti vero fere laevis ;
setae nonnullae longae, praecipue in scapulis, ordine dis-
positae. Praesternum triangulare, altitudine quam eius
basi sesquilongiore ; episternum mesosterno et epimero
interpositum, cum latere superiore pectoris item atque
mesosternum late coniunctum ; hoc forma subquad-
rangulari.

Proalae abdomen superantes, cellula costali baud
glabra, angusta, latitudinem nei-vi marginalis aequante Fig- GS.—Stenelachistua
et 5/7 eius longitudinis attingente, cellula basali glabra, impressus, ^.

„ . ,. -, . Dorsum cum abdominis segmento

superncie reliqua tere tota sat dense pilosa, speculo basaii (x so).

nullo, pilis fimbriae apicalis in parte postica marginis

magis elongatis et quam dimidia nervi stigmatici longitudine brevioribus, nervo
marginali quam stigmatico quadruplo longiore, hoc clava baud lata, apice
acuta, unco tenui instructa, nervo postmarginali 4/7 marginalis attingente,
duplam stigmatici longitudinem superante. Alae metathoracis angustae, pilis
marginis posterioris quam earum latitudine maxima dimidio brevioribus.

Pedes elongati, tarsorum articulis subaequalibus, postici unicalcarati, calcari
tenui tibiae apicis latitudinem aequante.

Abdomen longitudinem thoracis cum capite aequans, thorace baud latius,
elongate ovatum, apice acvito. Petiolus vix conspicuus, deorsum versus ; post-
petiolus mesonoto subaequilongus et 1/4 abdominis occupans. Superficies
laevis, nitida, longe at parce pilosa.

Long. 1,8-2,3 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : "from cultivated country near coast at Pointe Etienne."
— ^Mahe : " marshy coastal plain near Anse Eoyale."

Specimina duo.

64. Stenelachistus brevicomis, sp. n.

Femina. Lutea, nigro-macidata, alls fere hyalinis, nitore pingui. Flagellum
fuscum ; verticis area ocellaris, pronotum, mesoscutum in dimidio anteriore,
scutellum totum cum dorsello, episternum, epimerum, mesopectus pro parte,
abdominis latera et apex, nigra.

Caput orassum, superne visum fronte et occipite excavatis, diametro longi-
tudinali 1/4 transversi baud superante, parte pone oculos breviore, occipite
baud linea saliente marginato, occllis angulum fere rectum formantibus, po-
sterioribus ante lineam dispositis orbitis postice tangentem ; oculis de latere
inspectis magnis, subrotundis. Flagellum minus attenuatum, latitudinem
capitis vix superans, funiculi articulis aequalibus, latitudine duplo longioribus,
clava quam artieulo praecedente fere sesquilongiore.

Thorax latitudine 3/4 capitis aequans. Mesoscutum in linea media postice
impressum sed baud sulcatum. Axillae minus remotae, ita ut scutellum 1/3
scuti suturae latere anteriore occupat ; scutelli latus posterius fortiter curvatum.

204 XOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 1917.

superficies sulco iuipressa iitroque lateri parallelo, postice curvato at marginem
posteriorem scutelli non attingente. Dorsellum magnum, forma lunata, postice
integrum ac metathoraci contiguum. Metanotum carina instructum quam
dorsellum sesquibreviore, lineis duabu.s elevatis et contiguis formata. Nucha
nulla. Superficies dorsi praetcr metanotum reticulato-sulcata. Proalae cellula
costali quam nervo marginal) vix breviore, hoc duplam stigmatici iongitudinem
pauUum superante, proportione 9 : 4, quam nervo postmarginali sesquilongiore.

Abdomen petiolo brevi at distincto, longitudinc thoracem cum capite haud
superans, latitudincm thoracis fere aequans.

Long. 1,6 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " Mare aux Cochons district, 1,000-2,000 ft."

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Euplectrus West wood.
65. Euplectras bicolor (Swed.) Hal.

Pteronialus bicolor Swederus, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. nya Handl. xvi. 1795. p. 204.
Euplectrus bicolor Haliday, Trans. Enlom. Soc. London, iii. pi. 4, 1843. p. 297.
Euplectrus bicolor Thomson, Hi/men. Scandin. v. 1878. p. 187.
Euplectrus bicolor Maai, Boll. Labor. Zool. gen. e agr., Portici, iii. 1908. p. 124. F. 27-29.

Specimina : septem feminae, sex mares.

Habitat. Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons. — Mahe: Cascade Estate, " country
above Port Glaud," "high forest of Morne Blanc and Pilot." — Praslin, Cotes
d'Or Estate.

Species etiam in Britannia, Alemagna, Suecia et Italia reperta.

Characterum varietatem quae in hac Eiiplectri specie nee non in aliis eiusdem
generis occurrit, auctores non satis recognovisse videntur. Itaquc species
nonnullas quas iidem auctores descripserunt, bicolori plus minus similes et dorsi
sculptura eorum judicio distinguendas, non bene esse definitas existimo. Quum
ego specimina plurima Euplectri bicoloris, ex Turingia atque Italia meridionali
provenientia, examinaverim, haec de cbaracteribus obseivavi. Variat in scutello
reticuli areolarum amplitudo, quum illae sint quam areolae scuti plus minusve
maiores, interdum etiam forma elongatae atque paene lineares, interdum vero
polygonae. Sed in uno ex speciminibus seychellensibus areolas dorsales fere
ubicumque eadem magnitudine inveni. Interdum scuti carina huius partem
posteriorem tantum occupat, nee raro omnino est obliterata. Proalarum cellula
basalis spatiumque angustum, quod est speculi loco, glabra sunt vel pilis nonnullis
instructa. Color lutescens cpo plerumque capitis pars inferior est praedita, in
speciminibus cpiibusdam frontem fere totam occupat, itemque macula eiusdem
coloris quae abdominis dorsum ornat, magnitudine valde variat. Saepe autem
funiculus et clava sunt plus minus infuscati, colore hoc versus antennae apicem
sensim obscuriore ; unum ex maribus seychellensibus flagello fere nigro obseiTavi.

Gen. Sympiesis Forster.

66. Sympiesis laetus, sp. n.

Femina. Capite, cum oculis, brunneis ; scapo aeruginoso, flagello nigro ;
thoracis dorse abdominisque basi laete viridibus, exceptis scutello atque meta-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1!I17. 205

noto cyanescentibus ; thoracis latciibus cum coxis jjostcrioribiLs iiigris ; coxis
anticis et reliquis pedum partibus straminei.s, tarsorum apice infuscato ; alarum
nervis pallide brunneis ; abdomine post segmentum basale nigro-aeneo, lateribus
cyaneo-nitente.

Caput thorace paullum latius, antice visum 3/4 latitudinis suae longitudine
aequans ; oculis magnis, prominulis, glabris, linea oculari inferiore in 1/6 longi-
tudinis ab ore remota ; genis brevibus, convexis ; clypeo baud discreto ; peri-
stomio antice marginato, integro ; mandibulis 7-clentatis, dentibus post secundum
apicalem minimis ; antennarum insertionc 1/3 longitudinis ab ore distante ; dc
supra inspectum triplo latius quam in medio longius, verticis latitudine minima
dimidium formante, ocellis in angulum fere rectum dispositis, anteriore lineae
posterioribus tangenti contiguo, his ab oculis et anteriore aeque distantibus,
inter se spatio sesquilongiore remotis. Superficies minute reticulata, infra
lineam ocularem etiam minus conspicue insculpta.

Antennae pedicello latitudine sesquilongiore, annello minimo, funiculi
articulis duobus primis et clava quam pedicello duplo longioribus, quarto sesqui-
longiore, clavae articulo basali dimidium superante, tertio mucronem apicalem
formante.

Prothorax conicus, collari nuUo, latitudine scutum antice tantum discretum
aequans, 3/5 diametri transversi thoracis baud superans, longitudine quam
scutum dimidio brevier. Hoc setis ternis in quoque latere instructum ; scutellum
sesquibrevius, subquadratum, 4-setosum setisque anterioribus angulo interne
axillarum propinquis ; metanotum scutelle aequilongum, carina et plicis desti-
tutum, postice hand marginatum, area media spiraculis interposita elevata.
Epimerum parvum, trilaterum, margins anteriore convexo, reliquis rectis. Scul-
ptura prothoracis, mesothoracis dorsi, metaneti cum metapleura et praesterni,
reticulato-alveolata, conspicua, areelis lineis valde elevatis, crassis, limitatis,
forma varia, plerumque quadrangulari ; areolae super axillas, scutelli partem
mediam et metaneti aream inter spiracula, minores ; mesesternum et mesopleura
reticulato-squamcsa, episternum sculptura reticulata parum conspicua.

Proalae nerve stigmatico 1/9 marginalis, 1/3 praestigmatis et nervi post-
marginalis aequante, cubite ad medium arcuato ibique nervum spurium linea
glabra indicatum emittente ; pilis infra nervum marginalem longioribus, reversis,
hand seriatis.

Tibiae posticae calcaribus brevibus, subaequalibus. Tarsi omnes articulis
fere aequilengis.

Abdomen laminate-depressum, thoraci cum capite aequilongum, nee therace
angustius, elongate ellipticum, apice acutum ; segmente prime convexo-mar-
ginato quam secunde duple lengiore, laevi, nitide, sequentibus subaequalibus
superficie reticulate-squamesa, in seeundo tamen fere obsoleta.

Long. 3 mm.

Habitat. Praslin : Cotes d'Or Estate.

Specimen unicum.

Ad7i. A S. sericeicorni Neesi, specie generis typica, differt metatherace
punctulate, necpic carina neque plicis neque cestula marginali postica instructo ;
articulis tarsalibus subaecpiilongis ; abdominis forma elliptica ; denique capitis
pedumque colore. Sympiesis grenarhnsis How., cui quoque metanotum est
punctulatum, huius carina praecipue distinguitur.

206 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Crateulophus, ii.

Hoc genus in Eulophinorum subtribii, prope Sympiesidem et Dimmockiam
ponere licet, sed habitu Micro plectra et Comedoni ( = CrntotrecJio) etiam accet'it.
Characteres eiu.s praecipui hi sunt : antennae lO-articulatae, funiculo 4-articulato ;
mandibulae dentibu.s sex instructae (? — dentium numero 4 certe superante) ;
thorax robustu.s, dorso aspectu granuloso, re vera minute atque dense punctulato ;
scapulae baud discretae ; scutellum sulcis nullis ; metanotum longius, carinatum,
manifestc punctulatum ; alarum nervatura illae Sympiesidis similis ; abdomen
distincte petiolatum, thoraci aequilongum, forma ovata, depressum ; denique
maris abdomen spatuliforme, antennaeque ramis tribus longis instructae.

67. Crateulophus niger, sp. n. (figs. 66, 67).

Femina. Nigra, metanoto aeneo, abdomine in dimidio anteriore supra et
infra late ferrugineo-maculato, oculis castancis, ocellis obscure rubris, scapo
fulvo vel flavo-albido, flagello fusco, alis lenitcr infumatis nervis flavo-fuscis,
pedibus praeter coxas fulvis, femoribus anticis plerumque brunneis vel nigris,
setis dorsi et calli fimbriae albis.

Caput thoraci aeque latum, antice visum latitudine brevius proportione
9: 13, forma subtriangulari, vertice non arcuato, inter ocellos magis elevato,
oculis magnis, 3/4 longitudinis extensis, glabris, tamen fortiter vitro auctis
pilis brevissimis rarisque instructis ; linea oculari inferiore in 1/5 longitudini',
antennarum insertione in 1/3 a marginc orali remotis ; clypeo angusto transverse
lineari, nitido, lab rum simulante, interne costula subrecta limitato. Mandibulae
6-dentatae. Vertex antice declivis, margine postico oculis oeellisque externis
tangente, inter hos acuto ; ocelli fere in lineam dispositi, aequo spatio inter se
atque ab oculis remoti. Latitudo capitis de latere inspecti 5/7 longitudinis
aequans, oculorum fere eadem. Genae sulco parum conspicuo, pone hunc fere
obsolete insculptae. Facies sculptura minute et confertim reticulata ; areolae
lineis parum elevatis limitatae, infra antennarum insertiones minores, sub-
transversae, super verticem minus conspicuae.

Antennae lO-articulatae, annello brevissimo, funiculo 4-articulato, elava
articulo apicaU minimo. Scapus ocellum anteriorem fere attingens, flagellum
capite sesquilongius. Articuli funiculi et clava compressi, pilosuli, aeque lati,
primus valde elongatus, pedicello sesquilongior, latitudine sua quadruple longior,
secundus atque tertius 3/4 huius aequantes, quartus paullum brevior et pedicello
aequilongus ; ultimi item atque clava distincte pedunculati ; haec ovato-acuta,
articulo basali medium superante.

Thorax robustus, sculptura dorsi reticulato-puncfata quam capitis magis
conspicua. Prothorax de supra inspectus brevis. longitudine duplo latior, in
utroque latere fortiter sinuatus, collari nullo ; mesonotum prothorace longius
proportione 4 : 3, setis paucis longis instructum, scapulis hand discretis ; scu-
tellum snbquadratum scuto aequilongum, 4-setosum, baud sulcatum ; dorsellum
magnum ; mctanoti pars media longitudinem scutelli fere aequans, alte elevata,
carina conspicua, lateribus rectis fere parallelis, acute marginatis, plicas spiraculis
contiguas simulantibus, area triangulari in angulis anterioribus depressa et leniter
concava, superficie tota sculptura quam in dorso magis conspicua. lineis areolas
limitantibus nitidis ; spiracula magna, elliptica ; callus longe pilosus. Mesc-
thoracis partes laterales, praeter epimerum et zonam marginalem praesterni ac

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. I'.l|7.

i'07

Fig. 66. — Crateulophua niger, J.
Antenna (x 25).

mesosterni nitida, item atquc dorsum iiisculptac ; praesternum ct metapleura

magna, mesosternum latum epicnemio baud discrete, episternum parvum supra

epimerum dispositum.

Proalae nervo marginali et postmarginali longis, stigmatico brevissimo,

posteosta multisetosa, nervo spurio pilosulo post

medium cubiti egrediente, nervo hoc ad medium

obtusissime angulatim plicato, pilis marginis apicalis

brevibus, superficie usque ad 2/5 longitudinis fere

glabra, setis nonnullis longis sub nei-vo marginali

seriatim dispositis atque reversis ; cellula costali nervo

marginali aequilonga, hoc cum postmarginali ex basi

versus apicem sensim attenuate, nervo stigmatico 1/6

marginahs, 2/5 postmarginalis aequante (cfr. fig. 67).
Tibiae posticae calcaribus duobus instructae,

altero parvo, altcro brevissimo.

Abdomen ovatum, fere laminato-depressum,

thoracis longitudinem atque latitudinem aequans,

petiolo distincto sed brevissimo, transverse, seg-

mento basali quam secundo duplo longiore, convexo-

marginato, sequentibus longitudine subaequalibus,

recte marginatis, post segmentum tertium minute

reticulato-sulcatis, pares at longe pilosis.
Long. 1,8-2 mm.
Mas scapo plerumque ferrugineo, alis obscurioribus, dorso intcrdum nigrc-

aeneo, macula abdominis minus lata, femore postico praeter 1/3 basalem nigro,

femore antico haud infuscato ; antennis scapo versus apicem attenuate, pedicello

brevi latitudine sua vix longiore, annello fere inconspicue, funiculi articuUs

tribus primis ramum emit-
tentibus medium clavae
attingentem pilisque ar-
ticulis aequilongis orna-
tum, articulo prime quam
secundo et tertio breviere,
quarto tribus praeceden-
tibus simul sumptis et
clavae subaequilengo ;
huius articulis tribus quam
ultimo funiculi haud la-
tioribus, basali longitudi-
nem apicalium superante,
tertio minus discrete ; ab-
domine spatulate, latitu-
dine maxima in margine

segmcnti quarti 3/4 thoracis latitudinis aequante, segmento basali medium fere

attingente, segmentis reliquis usque ad sextum sensim paullum longieribus,

superficie laevibus. Long. 1,7-2 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons, Pointe Etienne. — Mahe : Cascade

Estate, and Pert Victoria. — Felicite Island.
Specimina 11 $$, 5 cJ(j.

Fig. 67. — Crateulophus niger, (J.
Alae (X 25).

208 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Gen. Hemiptarsenus Westwood.
68. Hemiptarsenus antennalis, sp. n.

Femitm. Viridis, vel grisescenti-viridis, thorace leniter aurato, abdominis
apice interdum obscuro ; facie infra antennaruni insertionem violacea, supra
viridi ; scapo testaceo vel flavo-albido, latere superiore infuscato, flagello nigro,
elava in 1/3 vel 1/2 apicali alba ; pedibus cum coxis anticis flavo-albidis, post
articulum primum tarsorum gradatim versus apicem obscurioribus, praetarso
brunneo ; alis leniter fumatis, nervis et abdominis petiolo flavo-griseis.

Caput tegumento tenui post mortem fortiter plicato, oculis glabris, super-
ficie minute reticulato-granulosa. Antennae flagello longissimo thoraci cum
capite aequilongo, pedicello brevi, annello parv'o, articulis funiculi usc|ue ad
tertium aecjualibus et latitudine fere quadruple, quam pedicello fere triple
longioribus, articulo quarto paullum breviore et vix latiore, clava huic aequilonga.

Thorax latitudine 4/9 longitudinis aequans. Mesonotum antice valde
convexo-prodiictum, conspicue reticulato-punctatum, areobs ante scutellum
plerumque ellipticis, in scutello angustioribus, fere linearibus ; frenum lunatum
et dorsellum magnum laevia, subnitida. Metanotum scutello brevius, area
media baud lata, sulcis postice convergentibus limitata, superficie inter sulcos
fere laevi, carina et plicis nuUis ; spiracula parva, rotunda, in sulco sat longe
a postscutello locata. Praesternum magnum, episternimi in margine superiore
profunde excavatum, metapleura parva elongate triangularis.

Proalae cellula costali angustissima fere nervo marginali aequilonga, neivo
stigmatico 1/5 huius aequante, postmarginali quam stigmatico baud sesqui-
longiore, piUs marginis apicabs longis.

Pedes graciles, elongati, tarsorum articulis sensim brevioribus, primo 1/3
tibiae aequante.

Petiolus crassus, longitudine paullum latior.

Abdomen longitudinem mesothoracis cum metanoto aequans, latitudinem
superans, postpetiolo baud brevi 1/3 longitudinis attingente, polito, segmentis
reliquis aequilongis, apicali tantum sat conspicue insculpto.

Long. 1,4 mm.

Habitat. ;\Iahe : " marsh}' coastal plains of Anse aux Pins and Anse Eoyale."

Specimina tria.

Gen. Sympiesomorpha Ashmead- (?).

Ashmeadi Sympiesomor phae characteres, quos auctor in eius opere " Classi-
fication of Chalcid Flies " indicavit, ad species recognoscendas non satis sufficere
opinor. Quum vero species tres, quas sum descripturus, cum generis diagnosi
atque Syrnpiesomorphae hrasiliensis et obscurae descriptionibus conferuntur, notis
duabus praecipue congruentes videntur, quum Sympiesidibus persimiles sint et ab
his scapulis plane separatis differant. Eae venim a speciebus Ashmeadi, saltim
a brasiliensi, differunt oculis glabris, eaque quam ornatam appello, metanoto
etiam differt carina destituto, abdomineque thoracis longitudinem non
aequante. Denique species seycheUenses abdominis macula flava non sunt
praeditae.

NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 209

69. Sympiesomorpha omata, sp. n.

Femina. Capite brunneo, leniter purpureo-nitente ; oculis gri.seo-rubris ;
scapo, pedicello annelloque obscure luteis, articuli.s reliquis flagelli fuscis ;
thoracis dorse fere toto viridi-aureo, setis albis instructo ; metanoto cuprescente ;
scapulis, scuto antice, atque thoracis lateribus, cum coxarum posticarum basi,
nigris ; macula prothoraeis super coxas anticas, coxis intcrmedus totis, posticis
inter basim et apicem, aurantiacis ; reliquis pedum partibus flavis, praetarsis
tantum leniter infuscatis ; tegulis etiam flavis ; alarum nervis palUde brunneis ;
abdomine nigricante, basi viridi-cyanea, linea media ventrali flavida.

Caput thorace latius proportione 6 : 5, antice visum 7/9 latitudinis suae
longitudine aequans, oculis magnis, prominulis, glabris, linea oculari inferiors
1/5 longitudinis ab ore remota, clypeo baud discrete, peristomio antice niarginato,
integro, mandibulis 6-dentatis (?) dentibus post secundum apicalem parvis,
antennis mox supra lineam ocularem insertis ; de supra inspectum triple latius
quam in medio longius/vertice .saltim dimidium capitis latitudinis occupants,
area elevata ecellari baud deterniinata, ocellis posterioribus ab anteriore et oculis
aequo spatio, inter se spatio fere duple, remotis, ocello anteriore lineae aliis
tangenti prepinque, eccipite baud marginato, pilosulo. Superficies sculptura
reticulato-sulcata minuta et cenferta at parum conspicua.

Scapus ocellum vix superans, flagellum duplam capitis longitudinem fere
attingens, pedicello brevi, annello parvo, articulis funiculi et clava compressis,
sensim at vix conspicue latioribus, pilis eorum latitudinem fere aequantibus,
baud numerosis, instructis ; articulis duebus primis funiculi duple quam pedi-
cello et quam latitudine sua triple, longioribus, articulo quarto 3/4 longitudinis
primi aequante, clavae articulo basali etiam breviore, dimidium paullo superants,
reliquis subaequalibus.

Thorax elengatus, prethorace magne, eonico, longitudine in medio dorse
quam latitudine maxima mesethoracis sesquibreviore ; scapulis bene discretis,
scute antice convexo-marginato ; scutello 2/3 scuti longitudinis vix attingente,
aequo longo atque late, latitudine maxima post 2/3 eius longitudinis sita, latsribus
in tertio ultimo curvatis, setis anterieribus angule postico axUlarum propinquis,
sulcis nullis ; dorsello magne duple latiore quam lengiere ; metanoto 2/3
scutelli longitudinis aequante, carina et plicis omnino destitute. Spiracula
magna, rotundata. Epimerum parvum, triangulare, antice recte marginatum.
Superficies dorsi minute reticulato-sulcata, areelis in parte anteriore scuti superque
axUlas minoribus, super scutellum maioribus, regularibus ; metanotum minus
svidenter insculptum ; dorseDum laeve.

Proalae subcestae parte ascendents sensim crassiore, quam nerve stig-
matico duple lengiere, hoc fere 1/8 nervi marginalis (2/15) et 1/3 postmarginalis
aequante ; fimbria apicali brevi.

Calcar mains quam tibiae apicis latitude paullum brevius.

Abdomen ellipticum, longitudinem mesethoracis cum metanoto attingens,
latitudinem superans ; petiole parve, transverse ; segmento prime quam
secunde et tertio aequalibus paullum lengiere, fere tote laevi, sequentibus reticu-
lato-sulcatis ; segmento apicali quam praecedente multo breviore.

Long. 2,6 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochens.

Specimen unicum.

14

210 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

70. Synipiesomorpha pulchella, sji. n.

Fetnina. Capite toto, thorace pro parte, aeruginosis, pronoto, inescscuto
praeter margines laterales et marginem anteriorem, scutello practer anteriorem,
nee non metathoracis dorso, aureo-viridibus ; axillis extus nigris, interius
aeruginosis ; mesosterno cum meso- et nietapleura nigris ; abdomine aeneo,
basi viridi ; scapo luteo, flagello nigro-brunneo ; pedibus fulvis, coxis auran-
tiacis ; tegulis flavis, alarum nervis brunnco-griseis ; linea oculari inferiore in
l/6,,antennarum insertione in 1/3 capitis longitudinis sita ; metanoto carina
tenui instructo ; abdomine valde elongate, thoraccm cum' capite conspicue
superante, quani thorace hand latiore. Long. 3 mm.

Habitat. .Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons.

Specimen unicum.

71. Sympiesomorpha modesta, sp. n.

Femiiui. Viridis, obscura, capite aeneo, scapulis, thoracis latcribus
abdomineque subtus, nigris ; antennarum scapo luteo, flagello brunneo-nigro ;
coxis nigris, anterioribus apice flavidis, reliciuis pedum partibus flavo-griseis j
tegulis flavis, alarum nervis brunneo-griseis ; linea oculari inferiore in 1/6, anten-
narum insertione in 1/3 capitis longitudinis ; metanoto carina conspicua ;
abdomine thoraci cum capite aequilongo, quam thorace baud latiore. Long,
2,5 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : "near sea-level in cultivated countrjr, Pointe Etienne."

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Allomphale Silvestri.

Bull. Labor. Zool. gen. e agr., Portici, ix. 1914. y. 217.

72. Allomphale aeraula, sp. n.

Femina. Obscure viridis, subaurea, capite opaco, scapo ochraceo, pedicello
metallico, funiculo et clava fuscis ; thoracis lateribus pro parte coxisque fere
nigris ; tibiis anticis fuscis, mediis in dimidio apicali, posticis praeter marginem
exteriorem, ochraceis ; tarsis pallide testaceis, apice nigricante ; alarum nervis
brunneo-griseis ; abdominis dorso post segmentum basale interdum cupresccnte ;
ocellis magnis, posterioribus spatio ab anteriore remotis eorum diametrum vix
superante ; mesepimero itcmque praesterno conspicue reticulato-squamosis ;
metanoto juxta costam transversam dorsello contiguam alveolis sat determinatis,
seriatis, insculpto.

Long. 2,5-3 mm.

Mas. Scapo tibiisque fuscis, abdomine post segmentum basale, dimidium
formans, nigro. Long. 1,5 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette ; Mare aux Cochons, Pointe Etienne. — Praslin, Cotes
d'Or Estate. — Mahe, Cascade Estate.

Specimina 5 5$, 2 SS.

Adn. Species Allomphalae mvasolat Silv. (I.e.), unicae huius generis hucus-
que inventae, similis et affinis, ab ea differens colore, sculptura dorsi minus
minuta, epimeri sicut praesterni conspicua. In Allomphale cavasolae epimerum
sculpturam reticulato-sulcatam, areolis rliombicis transveisis, ostendit ; ocelli
posteriores ab anteriore distant spatio quam eorum diametro duplo longiore ;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 211

scapus etiam in feminis fuscus est ; pedes, praeter tarsos, sunt obscure cyanei
vel violacei. Speciem hanc, cuius cotypum examinavi, Silvestri in Colonia
Erythraea invenit.

Gen. Achrysocharis C4irault.
{ = Closterocerus Westwood, partim).

73. Achrysocharis cardigaster, sp. n. (fig. 68).

Femina. Aurato-viridis. nitida, scapo pedibusque cum coxis, albis, tarsorum
apice et fiagello fuscis, alis hyalinis, nervis griseo-luteis.

Funiculus articulis aequalibus quam pedicello parum longioribus ; clava
longitudinem funiculi cum pedicello fere aequans. Meta-
thorax area media triangulari indistincte partibus ele-
vatis limitata, vertice antice verso parum a dorsello
remoto ; spiracidis parvis, rotundis, tubereulis nulli.s.
Nervus stigmaticus, cum clava, pyrifonnis, dente post
medium oblique prominente ; nervus postmarginalis
quam stigmaticus baud Jongior, sensim versus apicem
attenuatus. Alae metathoracis pilis marginis posterioris
1/4 earum latitudinis maximae nonnihil superantibus.
Petiolus brevis at distinctus. Abdomen cordiforme,
subdepressum, thorace baud longius, paullum latius, p-jQ. &%.— Achrysocharis
valvula ventrali sat prominula, segmentis post primum cardigaster, ?.

aequalibus, hoc quam ceteris duplo longiore. Abdomen (x 45).

Long. 1 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " marshy ground near sea-level at Cascade." — Silhouette :
Mare aux Cochons.

Specimina duo.

Adn. Species Glosterocero formoso Westw., praeter abdominis formam,
similis.

Gex. Coccophagus Westwood.

74. Coccophagus eleaphilus Silvestri, var. n.

Ooccophagus eleaphilus SilTestri, Boll. Labor. Zool. gen. e agr., Portici, is. 1905. p. 318. fig. 64.

Specimina quinque ??, unum cj.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.

Adn. Speciei forma typica, quam Silvestri descripsit, ab ipso in Colonia
Erythraea apud Nefasit inventa, ubi Philippiae chrysopfiylhe larvarum est
parasita, ab exemplaribus seychellensibus pedum colore difi'ert. Hunc tamcn
colorem in hac specie varium recognovi. Nam, exceptis coxis mediis atque
posticis, pedes interdum omnino lutei sunt ; hos Silvestri femoribus omnibus
et tibiis posticis spatio quodam nigricantes descripsit. Coxae anticae interdum
sunt nigrae, tiLiaeque eiusdem paris in latere anteriore brunneo-lutescentes.
Femora postica in uno specimine obscurata, in alio nigra sunt. Scutellum
interdum omnino est luteum, quo colore etiam dorsellum praeditum esse potest.
Maris vero caput pedesque sunt flavo-citrina. Equidem partium obscurarum
et pallidarum distributionem in C. eleaphilo variam esse opinor, quod in aliis
generis speciebus etiam fieri aliquoties observavi.

212 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Huius varietatis sensiUi antennales, scutelli setarum taxis atque longitude,
nervi stigmatici forma, alarum fimbriae, seta prope apicem femoris medii inserta,
articuli tarsalis primi longitude ; cum notis quas Silvestri descriptione vel figura
indicavit, bene conveniunt.

Gen. Tetrastichus Haliday.

Tetrasticho noniini eandem significationem nunc attribuo, quae est in
Thomsoni opere de " Hymenopteris Scandinaviae," quod mihi facere licebit
secundum Silvestrii exemplum (Boll. Labor. Zool. gen. eagr., Portici) atque Water-
stoni (Bull. Entomnl. Re.search, London, vi. 1915) qui nuper species nonnullas
descripserunt. An sint Aprostocetiis et Geniocerus valida genera vel subgenera,
sicut Kurdjumow opinatur {Revue Russe d'Ento^n. xiii. 1913) nolo hie disserere.
hoc tantum dicam, ii, meo judicio, naturali specierum consociationi repugnare.
Hie error etiam in opere Thomsoni occurrit, quum in eadem generis sectione
Aprostocctnm aliasque species subcosta plurisetosa instructas auctor descripserit.

Species quatuordecim quae sunt in collectione seychellensi, hac tabula
analytica possunt dignosci.

A. C'apite thoraceque rufis. abdomine nigro-brunneo. Parvus (1 mm.)

T. aeruginosus, sp. n.

B. Corpora nigro.

= Abdomine quam thorace duplo longiore. Longitudine 2 mm.

T. inmictus (Nees) Thoms. (?).

= Abdomine longitudinem thoracis aequante vel paullo longiore. Statura

parva.

+ Proalae setis marginalibus brevibus . . T. stictococci Silv. ( ? )

+ Alarum setis marginalibus latitudinem alae posterioris aequantibus.

T. longifimbriatus, sp. n.

C. Colore corporis alio.

= Abdomine longo, acuminate, saepe longitudinem thoracis cum capite
superante.
+ Abdomine longitudinem thoracis cum capite duplo superante.

T. longiventris, sp. n.
+ Abdomine minus elongate.

X Cerpore viridi-auree, nerve marginali pedibusque sulphureis.

T. theionevrus, sp. n.
X Aliter pictus, abdominis dimidio basali rufescente.

* Funiculi articulo prime quam secunde manifesto breviore.

T. dolichocerus, sp. n.

* Funiculi articulo prime quam secunde et tertio plus minus

longiore.

— Preneti longitudine margini postico scuti aequali.

T. distinguendus, sp. n.

— Prenote breviore .... T. agnatus, sp. n.
= Abdomine theraci subaequilengo, baud acuminate.

+ Scute lateribus tantum seteso. medio longitudinahter sulcato.

X Cexis posticis fere'nigris, nervo humerali seta una lenga instructe.

T. nigricoxa, sp. n.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 213

X Coxis posticis in latere exteriore pro parte viridibus. Nervo humerali
seta tantum una longa antice instructo. T. nigriceps, sp. n.

X Coxis posticis luteis. Nervo humerali .setis duabus instructo, mar-
ginal! et stigmatico crassioribus . . . T. dispar, sp. n.
+ Scuto setis multis sparsis ornato, sulco longitudinal! nullo ; coxis
posticis luteis.

X Thorace supra metallico-nitente, scutello, interdum scuto, pur-
pureis, setis super hoc tenuibus . . T. metallijerus, s^p. n.

X Thorace supra plus minus obscure virescente, setis super scutum
brevibus nee tenuibus . . . . T. hagenoivii (Ratz.).

75. Tetrastichus longiventris, sp. n.

Femina. Aurato-viridis, abdomine fere toto nigricante, terebrae valvis
nigris ; ocuhs griseo-rubris ; antennis brunneis, pedicello lutescente ; facie infra
lineam ocularem, tegulis, coxis anterioribus ajDice et reliquis pedum partibus,
pallida flavis, excepto tamen tarsorum articulo apicali plus minus infuscato ;
alarum nervis griseis.

Flagellum thoraci subaequilongum, articulo primo funiculi triple longiore
quam latiore, secundo et tertio sensim brevioribus, latioribus, tertio autem lati-
tudine sua pauLlum longiore ; clava articulo primo funiculi fere aequilonga,
quam praeclava paullum latiore.

Pronotum minute, at evideiiter, reticulatum. Mesothoracis dorsum con-
fertim, minute, in longitudinem striatum. Scutum haud medio sulcatum,
postice leniter concavo-marginatum, setis prope margines laterales ternis in-
structum. Scutellum scuto fere aequilongum, extremitatibus anterioribus
sulci submediani cxternique ab extremitate sulci scapularis aeque remotis,
spatio mediano quam submedianis sesquilatiore. Metathorax dorsello magno,
quam scutello triplo tantum brcviore, carina dimidiam dorselli longitudinem vix
aequante, superficie reticulata, sulcis lateralibus fortiter impressis, parte postica
profunde excavata. Praesternum minute reticulatum ; mesosternum sculptura
parum conspicua, superne areolis reticuli transversis ; episternum fere laeve ;
epimerum magnum, triangulare, sutura recta cum episterno coniunctum, angulo
superiore ad altitudinem metapleurae desinente, lineis subtilibus sat grosse
reticulatum. Metapleura parva, basi angusta.

Proalae apicem tergiti apicalis attingentes, duplo longiores quam latiores,
nervo marginali quam cellula costali sesquilongiore, quadruplam stigmatici
longitudinem vix superante ; postcosta bisetosa, seta prima nonnihil radiculae
propinqua ; speculo non ultra praestigma extenso ; pilis fimbriae in dimidio
inferiore marginis apicalis quam illis superficiei sesquilongioribus, pilis nervi
marginalis 2/3 nervi stigmatici vel dimidium aequantibus. Alae metathoracis
in dimidio apicali latiusculae, apice acutae, margine posteriore prope apicem
fortius curvato, pilis marginis anterioris brevissimis, posterioris 1/3 carum
latitudinis aequantibus.

Pedes tenues, tarsorum articulis .subaequalibus.

Abdomen quam thorax cum capite duplo longius, compressum, longe
acuminatum, terebrae valvis 1/5 totius longitudinis formantibus.

Long. 2,5 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette.

214 NOVITATES ZOOLOCItAE XXIV. 1917.

Specimen unicuni.

Adn. Hanc specicm Aprostoceto quadrimaculato Forst. proximam esse
opinor. Eius charactercs praecipui in abdominis colore ac forma, tercbrae
longitudine, alae metathoracis fimbria et apice acuto, prcalanim magnitiidinc,
scutelli sulco nullo, flagello quam thorace paullum breviore, funiculi articulis
apicem versus sensim curtantibus. sunt quaerendi.

70. Tetrasticlius dolichocerus, sp. n.

Femina. Capite thoraceque saturate viridibus. nitore dorsi subaurco vel
cyaneo ; oris margine pallido, oculis obscure rubris, funiculo et clava brunneis,
pediceUo et scape dilute brunneis, hoc ultimo interdum griseo-albido ; pedibus
cum coxis anterioribus coxisque posticis in dimidio apicali, ligncis, praetarso
nigro ; alarum nervis griseis ; abdomine basi ventreque fere toto aeruginosis,
superficic reliqua obscure viridi.

Antennae elongatae ; flagellum tlioracis longitudinem superans (prcportione
5 : 4), pediceUo brevi, articulo primo funiculi quam hoc paullum longiore, quam
secundo et tertio fere dimidio vel sesquibreviore ; clava cjuam articulo praece-
dente sesquilongiore, articulo basali dimidium eius attingente.

Pronotum breve, longitudine dimidium marginis posterioris scuti baud
superans, superficie reticulata. Scutum medio sulcatum, interdum sulco linea
obscura, laevi, tantum indicato, prope margines laterales setis binis instructum,
superficie, item atque scutelU, confertim et minute in longitudinem striata.
Alae metathoracis versus apicem minus attenuatae, extreme apice haud acuto,
pilis margini.s posterioris dimidiam earum latitudinem non attingentibus. Pedes
valde longi. postici abdominis apicem articulo primo tarsali attingentes ; tarsi
omnes attenuati.

Abdomen longitudinem thoracis cum capite aequans. tercbrae valvis 1/6
totius longitudinis promincntibus.

Long. 1.3-1,6 mm.

Mns diffcrt abdomine thoraci acquilongo. basi et dimidio apicali brunneis,
in parte media lutescente ; flagello tcnui thoraci cum capite acquilongo, funiculi
articuUs aequalibus, quadruple longioribus quam latioribus et pilis eorum longi-
tudinem non superantibus. setis anterioribus elongatis nullis. clava quam articulo
praecedente sesquilongiore, coxis anticis funiculi articulis aequilongis.

Long. 1 ,3 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : "Cascade Estate, at about 1,000 ft., and near sea-level;
marshy coastal plain near Anse Royale." — Silhouette ; Mare aux Cochons.

Specimina 4 $$, 1 cJ.

Adn. Huius specie! hi sunt charactercs praecipui : flagcUi longitudo, funi-
culi articulus secundus atque tertiiis j)rimo valde longiores, tertius autem clavae
articulo basali vel scilicet duobus apicalibus simul sumptis acquilongus, scutum
haud sulcatum, abdomen basi rufescens.

77. Tetrastichus distinguendus, sp. n.

Femina. Praecedenti similis, praecipue differt scapo brunnco, flagello
pallidiore, pedicelli margine apicali pilisque albidis ; aUs lenissime griseo-vire-
scentibus, anguste fiisco-limbatis, nervis brunneis ; tarsis articulo apicali plus
minus infuscato ; flagello thoracis longitudinem parum superante ; articulo

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 215

primo funiculi quam pedicello fere duplo longiore, quam secundo et tertio aequaii-
bus sequilongiore et clavae aequilongo, hac in articulos aequales divisa ; pronoto
haud brevi, longitudine marginem posteriorem scuti aequante et superficie
conspicue reticulata, prope marginem posticum, ad medium, siilco transverse
impressa ; scuto et scutello omnino subtilissime strigosis, modice vitro auctis
polit.is, nitidis ; scuti sulco vix indicate vel nullo ; pilis in margine apicali proalae
quam in superficie triple vel quadruple lengioribus ; alis metathoracis pilis
fimbriae quam earum latitudine pauUum brevioribus (propertione 7:11);
abdomine quam thorace longiore proportiene 5 : 3, latitudine 1/3 longitudinis
suae nen attingente, segmentis 3.-5. aequalibus, terebrae valvis 1/6 totius
lengitudinis prominentibus.

Long. 1,6 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : "Mare aux Cochons district, 1,000-2,000 ft."

Specimina duo.
' Achi. Species haec, habitu praecedenti vakle similis, diflert articulo primo
funiculi quam secundo ac tertio, qui sunt longitudine aequales, conspicue longiore,
clavae articulis tribus etiam aequalibus, pronoto longo, scuto hand sulcato
vel tantum vestigio sulci impresso, .superficie minutissime striata, ita ut si
modice vitro sit aucta, magis quam in specie praecedente polita ac nitida
videatur, denique alarum fimbria atque colore, nee non articulo quarto
tarsorum et praetarso brunneis. In specie praecedente praetarsus tantum
est infuscatus.

78. Tetrastichus agnatus, sp. n.

Femina. T. dolichocero et T. distinguendo similis, capitis dimidio inferiore,
vel etiam facie fere tota, flavo-albidis, antennis scapo ac pedicello brunnec-
iuteis, reliqua parte obscurioribus, alis vitreis, praetarsisinfuscatis ; flagello longi-
tudinem thoracis fere attingente, funiculi articulis atque pedicello subaequahbus,
primo tamen funiculi longiore, clava quam articulo praecedente sesquilongiore,
ftequaliter divisa ; pronoto brevi ; scuto sulco medio magis minusve profunde
impresso, superficie conspicue striata ; alis posterioribus apice acuto terniinatis,
fimbria longa ; pedibus brevioribus ; tarsis posticis non attenuatis, articulis
subaequilongis ; abdomine longitudinem thoracis cum capite non supcrantc,
terebrae valvis 1/6 eius longitudinis prominentibus.

Long. 1,3 mm.

Habitat. Anonj'me Island ("a cultivated islet near Mahe").

Specimina duo.

Adn. Species characteribus T. dolichocero simulque T. distinguendo simiUs.
At eius abdomen minus est elongatum, sunt pedes breviores et graciliores, funi-
culi articulus primus quam secundus vel tertius paullo longior, capitis dimidiuni
inferius albicans. Ex speciminibus altero setae sunt duae juxta sulcum scapu-
larum insertae, altero tres, primo pedes leniter obscurati, secundo pallidi.

79. Tetrastichus theioneurus, sp. n. (fig. 69).

Femina. Aurato-viridis, nitcns ; oeulis obscure rubris ; scapo lutescenti-
brunneo, subtus pallido, interdum obscure luteo, pedicello concolore, flagello
griseo-brunneo ; pedibus cum coxis anterioribus, coxis posticis in dimidio apicali,

,216

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Fig. 69. — Tetraatiehus theiomuru/i, $.

1, flageUum (x 65); 2, ala mctathoracis (x 45).

pallide sulphnreis ; tarsorum articulo ultimo brunneo, tarsis anticis, interdum
posticis, flavo-fuscis ; alls hyalinis, nervis alae posterioris, anterioris saltirn
marginali, item atque pedibus, pallide sulphureis ; terebrae valvis nigris.

Caput antice visum rotundato-triangulare, transversum, cculis glabris,
genis modice curvatis, peristomio angusto, superficie item atque scutum insculpta,
punctis pilifcris sparsis parum conspicuis ; antennis in media facie paullum
supra lineam ocularcm insertis. Flagellum longitudinem prothoracis cum

mesothoracc aequan.s, pedicello
brevi, hoe et funiculi articulis tri-
bus aequilongis, articulo primo
cum annellis arete contiguis quam
sequentibus evidenter longiore,
sccundo et tertio sensim paullum
latioribu.s, pilis instructis eorum
longitudinem aequantibus, clava
quam articulo tertio fere duple
longiore, articulis aequalibus.

pScuttim hand medio sulcatum,
prope margines laterales set is binis
vel ternis instructum, margine postico leniter concavo, superficie reticulata,
areolis rhombicis valde elongatis, fere linearibus, lenissime excavatis. Scutellum
scuto sesquibrevius, de supra inspectum spatio mediano quam submedianis bis
et dimidio latiore, extremitatibus anterioribus sulci submediani et extern! ab
ilia sulci scapula ris aecjue remotis, sensillo punctiformi mox pone setas anteriores
instructum, superficie confertim et minute in longitudinem striata. Meta-
thorax postice truncatus, dorsello magno quam scutello fere dimidio breviore,
tecti instar in longitudinem angulato-plicato, sulcis tenuissimis diificulter in-
spiciendis reticulato ; superficie metanoti reticulata ; carina dorsello aequilonga.
Metapleura magna, basi lata, quam epimerum superficie maior ; hoc superne
apice rotundato 3/4 metapleurae longitudinis attingens.

Proalae abdomen superantes, longitudine triplum fere earum latitudinis
aequantes : nervo marginali quam cellula costali sesquilongiore et quintuplam
nervi stigmatici longitudinem fere attingente, pilis ornato nervo stigmatico
aequilongis ; postcosta bisetosa, setis aeque ab eius extremitatibus et inter se
remotis ; speculo fere nullo, non ultra praestigma extenso ; superficie in dimidio
apicali pilis brevibus sat confertis instructa ; pilis fimbriae his quadruple longiori-
bus. Alae mctathoracis itpice baud rotundato. pilis marginis posterioris dimidia
earum latitudine vix longioribus.

Pedes tenues, antici articulis tarsi subaequalibus, fere quintuple longioribus
quam latioribus ; prime spinis confertis seriatis instructo ; pedes postici articuli.s
tarsalibus, praecipue 1. et 2., longioribus.

Abdomen elongate ovatum, acuminatum, quam thorax duple longius,
lateribus baud cempressum, terebrae valvis 1/4 totius longitudinis prominentibus,
superficie reticulate-squamosa.
Long. 1,4-1,6 mm.

Habitat. " iSilhouette ; Mare aux Coehens. and from near the coast at
Pointe Etienne.— Mahe : Cascade Estate, about 1.000 ft., and marshy coastal
plains near Anse Royale."
Specimina 20 ??.

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 217

Variekis. Specimina duo ?$, thoracis area dorsali incerte limitata, ab-
dominis diniidio anteriore ventreque fere toto obscure ferrugineis.
Habitat. JIahe. " Cascade Estate, and near Anse Royale."'
Adn. Species ab affinibus hie descriptis, scilicet Tetrasticho longiventri,
dislinguendo, agnaio, qui autem omnes generi Aprostoceto secundum Kurdjumow
pertinerent, praecipue differt colore, tarsorum anticorum articulo basali serie
conferta spinarum munito, funiculi articulis subaequalibus, seuto baud medio
sulcato.

80. Tetrastichus inunctus (Nees) Thomson (?) (figs. 70, 71).

(?) Eulophus inunctus Nees, Hi/men. Ichneum. affin. Monogr. ii. 1834. p. 183. ?.

(?) Entedon oleinus Ratzeburg, Ichneum. d. Forstinsect. ii. 1848. p. 169.

(?) Tetrastichus inunctus Thomson, Hymen. Scandin. v. 1878. p. 294.

(?) Oeniocerus inunctus Kurdjumow, Revue Russe d'Entom. xiii. 1913. p. 249 (tabula analytica).

Femina. Brunneo-nigra, abdomine et thoracis lateribus subnitidis, dorso
opaco, oculis griseo-rubris, antennis fere totis grisescenti-brunneis, alls hyalinis ;
his partibus luteis ; peristomio, orbitarum margine anteriore, scapo subtus,
tegulis et alarum nervis, dorsello, fcmoribus anticis in dimidio apicali, posterioribus
basi et apice, tibiis, tarsisque fere totis ; articulo apicali tarsorum brunneo,
interdum articulis 1.-3. tarsi antici griseis ; sulco praeocellari lineisque ab ore
ad antennarum inscrtionem saepe brunneo-luteis.

Caput thoracis latitudinem aequans, antice visum subtriangulare, paullum
longitudine latius, facie post
mortem foveam semicylin-
dricam formante, superficie
punctis piliferis conspicuis
sparsis, minute reticulata,
areolis infra antennarum in-
sertiones regulariter poly-
gonis, in reliqua facie rhom-
bicis et oblique seriatis.
Antennae scapo subcom-
presso, pedicello sat longo,

,. ■ ,. . ■ 1- 1 1- Fig. 70. — Tetrastichus inunctus, ?.

luniculi articulis subaequali-

i Antenna (X 90).

bus, primo longitudine fere

quadruplam latitudinem aec^uante, secundo huic aequilongo, vix latiore, tertio
paullum breviore, proportione 7 : 8, et latitudine dimidiam longitudinem parum
superante ; clava quam articulo praecedente duplo longiore, maiore latitudine
et articulo basali medium eius fere attingente.

Scutum magnum, convexum, sulco medio baud profunde impresso, prope
margines laterales setis instructum brevibus, tenuibus, difficulter inspiciendis,
aliis ad marginem subseriatis, aliis paucis remotioribus, sparsis ; superficie in
dimidio postico et lateribus foveolis oblongis, contiguis, alte et crasse marginatis,
oblique subseriatis, minute insculpta, antice, in area semicirculari, reticulato-
punctata, foveolis etiam minoribus, subrotundis, acute marginatis. Scutellum
quam scutum sesquibrevius, superne inspectum spatio inter sulcos medios
duplo quam spatiis submedianis latiore, his in medio lateris anterioris cum sulco
scapulari contiguis ; superficie in longitudinem confertim ac minute striata,
sculptura a mesoscuto valde diff erente. Dorsellum lineare transversum. Metano-

218

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. IfllT.

FlO.

turn breve, medio quam tlorsellum vix longhis, ibique, carinac loco, area elevata
instructum subquadrata, costis transversis anticis et posticis confluentibus
formata ; superficie minute reticulata, sulco spiraculi inconspicuo. Meso-
sternum linea duplicata fortiter cuirata postice marginatum ; epimerum mecliam
metapleurae longitudincm apice rotundato baud superans. cum episterno sutura
lenissime curvata coniimctum. Praesternum sicut dimidium scuti posterius
et prothoracis latera et metapleura, reticulata ; mesosternum sculptura minus
conspicua ; epimerum minute reticulato-sulcatum ; episternum laeve.

Proalae abdominis apicem vix superantes, latitudinc dimidiam longitudincm
fere attingentes ; subcosta 4-setosa ; nervo marginali quam cellula costali

longiore proportione 7 : 4, quam
stigmatico ]3roportione 9:2;
speculo antice non ultra 1/3 nervi
marginalia extenso, praestigma
saepe non superante ; nervo basali
plerumque bisetoso, cubitali prope
cellulam basalem saepius glabro ;
superficie in parte dimidia basali
pilis baud frequcntibus. sat longis,
instructa, in dimidia apicali bre-
vioribus. magis confertis, quam
fimbriae apicalis dimidio breviori-
bus. Alae metathoracis margine
anteriore usque ad apicem fere
recto, pilis marginis posterioris 1/4
earum latitudinis fere aequantibus.
Pedes robusti, postici coxis in latere exteriore reticulatis, in anteriore
confertim striatis, femoribus crassis, quam anterioribus fere duplo latioribus
Tarsi omnes articulo apicali quam ceteris siibacqualibus longiore.

Abdomen thorace fere duplo longius, triquetrum, apice acuminatum,
terebrae valvis spatio tergito ultimo aequilongo promincntibus ; superficie
reticulata.

Long. 2-2,3 mm.

Habitat. " Silhouette : from near Mont Pot-a-eau and Mare aux Cochons,
1,000-2,000 ft.— Mahe : Cascade Estate, about 1,000 ft. ; Mare aux Cochons
district, 1,000-2,000 ft., etc."
Specimina 35.

Varietas. Scapo atque pedicello, linea pracocellari lineisciue ab ore ad
insertiones antennarum luteis ; margine orbitali anteriore haud flavo-lineato ;
femoribus luteis, posticis tantum in latere dorsali fusco-umbratis vel macula
brunnea notatis ; coxis anticis interdum fere totis luteis ; alis haud hyalinis ;
scuto minus opaco et sculptura scutello simili, setis uniseriatis.

Habitat. Mahe : " high forest of Morne Blanc and Pilot, about 2,000 ft. ;
summit of Mount Sebert, about 1,800 ft., etc."
Specimina 4 ?2.

Adn. An sint huic speciei exemplaria quae descripsi attribuenda, non sane
qiiidem mihi certum est, etsi cum descriptionibus satis congruant : nam cum
Neesi diagnosi hoc tantum non conveniunt, abdomine thoraci aequilongo,
femoribus apice obscuris. Ratzeburgi descriptio varietati attribuenda videtur.

71. — Tetraatichus inunciua, $.
Alae (X 26).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 210

81. Tetrastichus hagenowii (Ratz.).

Entedon Hagenowii Ratzeburg, Ichneum. d. Forstins. iii. 1852. p. 211.
Tetrastichus hagenowii Ashmead, Fauna Hawaiiensis, i. Cambridge 1901. p. 329.
Genioceriis hagenowii Kurdjumow, Revue Russe d'Entom. xiii. 1913. p. 249 (tabula analytica).
Geniocerus hagenowii Craviiovd, Proceed. U.S. Nat. Musetim, xlviii. 1915. p. 584. $ (fig. antennfe).

Femina. Aeneo-viridis, abdomine saepius in doKO, praeter ba.sim et
apiceni, violascenti-nigro, basi brevi .spatio flavo-grisea ; flagello gri^^ec-brunneo
versus apicem plerumque pallido-pubescente ; scapo, pedicello, abdominis
petiolo pedibusque fere totis luteis ; coxis anticis briinneis vel aeneis, tarsorum
apice nigi'o ; alls lenissime iniumatis, nervis dilute brunneis.

Caput minute reticulatum, areolis frontis paullum elongatis, oblique sub-
seriatis, infra antennarum insertiones minimis ac subrotundis ; punctis {)iliferis
parum conspicuis, confertis sed leniter impressis ; oculis parce, breviter, pilosis.

Flagellum capitis latitudinem paullo superans, pedicello triple longiore quam
latiore, annellis quatuor, si fortiter vitro auctis manifestis, quorum ultimus
postannello connatus, articuUs sequentibus sat longe pilosis, primo funiculi
elongato, pedicellum longitudine et latitudine nonnihil superante et clavae
aequilongo, secundo ac tertio subaequalibus, quam jsrimo sesquibrevioribus,
secundo interdum 4/5 prinii, tertio .3/5, aequantibus.

Thorax robustus, latitudine 3/4 eius longitudinir. baud superans. Dorsum
convexum, sculptura reticulata, areolis super scutum niinutis. elongatis, angustis,
fere omnibus rhombicis, in eius parte anteriore minoribus, super scutellum
etiam minus conspicuis, plerumque rectangvilaribus, in longitudinem seriatis.
Dorsellum atque metanotum nitida, reticulo lineis modice elevatis, sultilibus,
formato. Scutum tecti instar in angulum obtusissimum plicatum, fovt is pili-
feris conspicuis 20-28 sparsis impressum. Scutellum acque longum atque latum,
superne inspectum area media quam submedianis duplo laticre, setis anterioribus
post 2/3 longitudinis in.'^ertis. stnsillis inter setas utriusque lateris nuUis.
Metanotum conspicue carinatum, carina postice areolam triangulartm formante,
deinde costas duas metathoracem limitantcs emittente. Metapleura reticulato-
sulcata, areolis baud elongatis. Prcthoracis latera atque praesternum reticu-
lato-alveolata. Mesosternum et mesopleura subtiliter reticulato-sulcata ; epi-
merum triangulare, apice 2/3 metapleurae longitudinis attingens.

Proalae longitudinem thoracis cum abdcmine ft re aequantcs, earum lati-
tudine longiores proportione 21 : 50 ; margine apicali bene rotundato ; postcosta
setis quatuor vel quinque, interdum septem instructa ; nervo marginal! quam
cellula costali longiore proportione 7 : 6, quadruplara nervi stigmatici longi-
tudinem superante (proportione 35 : 8) setisque 2/3 huius nervi aequantibus
instructo ; speculo non ultra praestigma extenso, setarum serie neivi cubitalis
a cellula basali incipiente. Alae metathoraeis pilis marginis posterioris 1/4
earum latitudinis parum superantibus.

Pedes longiu.^cuii, antici articuhs tarsalibus primo et secundo aequilongis,
tertio et quarto vix brevioribus, etiam aequilongis ; postici articulo tarsali
primo elongato, secundo 3/4 huius aequante, tertio et quarto subaequalibus
dimidiam primi longitudinem vix attingentibus ; intermedii articulis sicut in
pedibus posticis at paulhim brevioribus.

Abdomen oblonge ovatum, apice acvito, longitudinem thcracis cum capite
aequans, superficie reticulato-sulcata.

•220 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Long. 1,6 — 1,9 mm.

Mas antennarum annellis vix conspicuis, funiculi aiticulis aeqiialibus, quam
pediceUo parum longioribus, clava in articulos tres aequalcs divisa et duobus
praecedentibus .simul sumptis acquilonga ; seti.s flagelli brevioribus latitudinem
articulorum aequantibus, longioribus, in articulis singulis funiculi et primo clavae
insertis, usque ad dimidium articuli sequentis elongatis.

Habitat : passim, Periplaneias parasitizans.

Specimina plurima, in insulis Mahe et Silhouette collecta.

Adn. Hanc specieni, cuius exemplaiia Hagenow lolurima in Greifswald
obtinuit ex ootheca Blaitae in spolio avis seychellensis latente, Ratzeburg breviter
descripsit. Specimina igitur quae ego esamina\'i, quasi cotyporum praetium
habent. Species haec valde est diffusa, blattaiuin oothecas inquinans, et ctiam,
quorundam virorum judicio, parasita occurrit Evuniae appendigastris vel aliarum
generis specierum, oothecas inquinantium. Inter exemplaria in Insulis
SeycheUensibus collecta eaque quae dr. Martelli in Sicilia, prope Cataniam,
invenit, quaeque is mihi comiter misit, nulla est differentia. Clavam maris in
hac specie biarticulatam esse, sicut in Tetraslicho xantliopodo Ratz., Kurdjumovv
affirmavit, ego vero articulos tres baud difficulter numeravi.

82. Tetrastichus metalliferus, sp. n.

Femina. Corpore metallico, capite cum prothorace aeneis, scuto et scutello
purpureis, mesothoracis lateribus fere nigris, axillis, dorsello, metanoto abdominis-
que basi pallide aeneis (id est virescenti-griseis, metallicis) nitidissimis, abdomine
reliquo nigro-brunneo ; — vel etiam fronte et scutello purpureis, reliquo thoracis
dorso aeneo, scuto tantum leniter aurato — ; antennis brunneis, scapo cum
pedicello, pedibusque cum coxis posterioribus, stramineis vel luteis, tarsorum
articulis apicalibus infuscatis ; tegulis brunneo-luteis, nervo marginali et
stigmatico fiavo-griseis.

Caput punctis pUiferis numerosis, conspicuis.

Antennae pedicello sat longo ; funiculi articulo primo quam pedicello paullum
breviore, secundo et tertio subaeciualibus, 2/3 pedicelli fere aequantibus ; clava
quam pedicello baud niulto longiore, in articulos aequales divisa.

Thorax latitudine 3/5 eius longitudinis aequans, dorso piano, prothorace et
scapulis conspicue reticulatis, his ultimis tamen prope scuti latera fere laevibus ;
axillis minute reticulatis ; scuto areolis valde elongatis. fere linearibus, oblique
subseriatis, foveolis piliferis baud numerosis sparsis ; scutello quam scuto minus
. conspicue insculpto (si modice vitro augeas, sericeo), areolis dimidio angustioribus
et brevioribus, superficiem .striatam simulantibus ; dorsello ct metanoto lineis
subtilibus reticulatis, areolis magnis. Scutum ab axillis late, scapulis interpositis,
separatum, sulco medio nullo, setis tenuibus longis, ad margincs laterales temis
vel quaternis, in superficie nonnullis, sparsis. Scutellum latum, margine postico
lenissime curvato, area media quadra ta quam submedianis angustis quadruple
latiore, setis, in areis submedianis, longis, sensillo nuUo intcrposito. I'orsellum
magnum. Metanotum dorsello duplo longius, carinae loco costis longitudinalibus
arcuatis in.structum versus lineam raediam convexis ac fere contiguis. Meta-
pleura angusta, subtiliter reticulato-sulcata, areolis elongatis.

Proalaecorpori acquilongae, latitudine dimidiam longitudinemfereaequantes,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 221

apice bene rotundatae ; subcosta setis quinque vel quatuor in.structa ; nervo
marginali longitudinem ceOulae costalis paiillum superante, quam nervo stig-
matico quadruplo longiore sctisque instructo quam hoc dimidio brevioribus ;
speculo non ultra praestigma extenso : setarum serie nerv'i cubitali.s a cellula
basali incipiente. Alae metathoracis apice rotundatae, pilis fimbriae 1/4 eanim
iatitudinis aequantibu.s.

Pedes sat longi. tenues, tarsorum articuli.s duobus ultimi.s brevioribus.

Abdomen ovatiim, distincte petiolatum, thoracis longitudinem et lati-
tudinem aequans, terebrae valvis prominentibus, superficie reticulato-squamosa.

Long. 1,25 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " Mare aux Cochons district, and Cascade Estate and the
forest above, 1,000-2,000 ft."

Specimina tria.

83. Tetrastichus dispar, sp. n.

Femhw. Obscure grisescenti-cyanea, abdomine castaneo, scape luteo,
pedicello obscuriore, funiculo et clava brunneis, oculis griseo-rubris, pedibus
cum coxis fulvis, femoribus anticis postice in dimidio apicali infuscatis, tarsis
apice obscuro, tegulis brunneis, alarum nervis flavo-griseis.

Caput thorace et longitudine sua paullum latius, punctis piliferis eonspicuis
impressum. Flagellum mesothoracis dorso aequilongum ; pedicellus dupla
latitudine vix longior, funiculi articulus primus pedicelli longitudinem aequans,
sequentes sensim breviores et latiores, ultimus aeque longus atque latus ; clava
conica articulis duobus praecedentibus aequilonga.

Thorax latitudine 5/7 eius longitudinis aequans, scute prefunde medio
sulcato, setis ternis ad margines laterales instructo, sculptura reticulata con-
spicua ; scutello in longitudinem striate, areis submertianis de supra inspectis
quam area media fere dimidio angustioribus ; derselle rectangulari, reticulate ;
metathoracis dorso minute at fortius reticulate, carina instructo mox pone
dorsellum divisa et carinas duas formante parum divergentes, cum costa posteriore
metanoti foveolam fere linearem includentes. Praesternum, metapleura et area
triangularis mesosterni post huius marginem reticulato-alveolata ; epimerum,
item atque episternum, fere laeve, forma baud triangulari, potius subrectangulari,
at latere anteriore leniter sinuate insertionem alae metathoracis fere attingente.

Prealae longitudinem thoracis cum abdomine aequantes, earum latitudine
longieres proportione 9:4; margine apicali bene rotundato ; postcesta
unisetosa ; nervo marginali quam cellula costali vix breviore setisque instructo
quam nervo stigmatico dimidio brevioribus, hoc 1/3 marginalis fere aequante ;
speculo non ultra praestigma extenso ; setarum serie nervi cubitalis a nervo
basali incipiente. Alae metathoracis ad apicem magis attenuatae, apice extreme
rotundatae, pilis marginis pesterioris 1/3 earum Iatitudinis aequantibus.

Pedes pestici calcari dimidium metatarsi baud superante, tarsorum articulis
elongatis, subaequalibus.

Abdomen ovatum, apice acutum, longitudine thoraecm parum superans,
latitudine aequans, .segmentis 2.-4. basi, sequentibus totis reticulato-sulcatis.

Long. 1,6 mm.

Habitat. Mahe, Cascade Estate, "about 1,000 ft."

Specimen unicum.

222 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

84. Tetrastichus nigriceps, sp. n.

Femina. Capite nigro, oculis et ocellis rubris, antennis flavescenti-griseis,
scapo subtus et lateribus albido ; thoracc saturate aureo-viridi, tegulis pedi-
busque luteis, coxis po.sticis extus fere usque ad apiceni viridibu.'s, tarsis articulo
apicali infuscato, alarum nerris dilute brunneis, abdomine obscure viridi basi
rufo-flavescente, .scgmentorum 2.-4. dorso eupreo.

Antennae scapo fusiformi valde compresso, quam pedieello duplo longiare,
flagello thoracis longitudinem fere attingente, pedieello et funiculi articulis
subaequalibus, in specimine exsiccato duplo longioribus quam latioribus, clava
quam articulo praecedente fere duplo longiore, in articulos subaequales divisa.

Thorax latitudine 5/7 eius longitudinis aequans, scute medio sulcato setisque
binis ad margines lateralcs instructo, in longitudinem minute reticulato-striato ;
scutello minute striato ; area media quam submedianis de supra inspectis vix
latiore ; dorsello subtiliter reticulato-sulcato ; metanoto sat conspicue reticulato-
squamoso et carina elevata instructo dorsello aequilonga.

Proalae sat longae, corpus longitudine aequantes, duplo longiores quam
latiores, margine apicali niodice arcuato, posteosta bisetosa, nervo marginali
quam stigmatico longiore, proportione 5 : 2, pilis instructo quam nervo stig-
matico sesquibrevioribus, dente clavae angustae satis elongate ; specido non
ultra praestigma extenso ; setarum serie nervi cubitalis a ner\-o basali incipiente.
Alae metathoracis pilis marginis posterioris 1/3 earum latitudinis vix aequantibus-

Tarsorum articuli subaequales.

Abdomen thoraci aequilongum, superficie reticulato-squamosa.

Long. 1,5 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons.

S})eeimen unicum.

85. Tetrastichus nigricoza, sp. n.

Mas. Obscure viridis, mesothoracis lateribus, coxis, femoribus abdomineque
nigris, hoc basi et apioe aeneo ; genubus, tibiis tarsisque luteis, his versus apicem
infuscatis ; antennis brunneo-luteis ; tegulis brunneis, alarum nervis griseis.

Antennae scapo compresso, longitudine triplam eius latitudinem paullum
superante, post medium carina instructo latitudini aequilonga ; flagello meso-
thoracis dorsum baud superante, setis elongatis nullis ; pedieello duplo longiore
quam latiore ; annello conspicuo, longitudine dimidiam pedicelli latitudinem
attingente ; funiculi articulis aequalibus, vix elongatis, 3/4 pedicelli Icngitudinis
attingentibus ; clava articulis duobus ultimis funiculi simul sumptis aequUonga,
in articulos aequales divisa.

Thorax latitudine 7/9 eius longitudinis aequans, scuto medio sulcato, setis
instructo quaternis ad margines laterales, versus scutellum sensim remotioribus
et longioribus, superficie item atque scutelli minute in longitudinem striata ;
scutelli areis submedianis de supra inspectis quam area media fere dimidio
angustioribus ; dorsello subtiliter reticulato-sulcato ; metanoto retieulato-
squamoso, carina elevata instructo quam dorsello fere sesquilongiore.

Proalae longitudinem corporis sine capite aequantes, latitudine quam dimidia
carum longitudine minora proportione 2 : 5, margine apicali modice arcuato ;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 223

postco.sta unisetosa ; nervo marginal! cellulae costali aeqiiilongo, crasso, 1/9
eius longitudinis latitudine attingente, setisque instructo quam nervo stigmatico
.sesquibrevioribus, hoc etiam crasso, quam marginali triple breviore ; nervo
basali glabro, speculo magno ad medium marginalis extenso. Alae metathoracis
apice rotundatae, pilis marginis posterioris 1/4 earum latitudinis aequantibus.

Pedes postici calcari metatarso aequilongo, tarsorum articulis sensim vix
longioribus.

Abdomen ovatum, longitudine thoracem aequans, latitudine 5/7 tantum
attingens, superficie reticulato-squamosa.

Long. 1,65 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : "Mare aux Coehons district, 1,000-2,000 ft."

Specimen unicum.

86. Tetrastichus aeniginosus, sp. n.

Femina. Aeruginosa, abdomine brunneobasi flavescente, flagellogriseo-fu.sco,
oculis et ocellis rubris, pedibus cum coxis flavo-albidis, alarum nervis pallidis.

Caput magnum, lenticulare, antice visum rotundatum, oculis parum
prominulis, fere glabris, antennis in linea oculari post 1/3 longitudinis capitis
insertis, scapo quam orbita breviore, flagello thoraci aequilongo, articuli-i
funiculi sensim vix longioribus, clava quam articulo praecedente duplo longiore.

Thorax brevis, altus. Scutum setis longis, binis in utroque latere, sat
procul a margine instructum, sulco medio distincto ; scutellum dimidiam scuti
longitudinem vix superans, latitudinem aequans, margine postico fere recto,
sulcis mediis nuUis ; metathorax postice truncatus, dorsello magno, carina parum
prominente quam dorsello dimidio breviore. Mesothoracis dorsum minutissime
et confertim in longitudinem striatum, latera item atque metanotum lineis
SHbtilibus reticulata, areolis magnis. Mesosternum postice fortiter curvatum ;
epimerum triangulare, apice dimidiam metapleurae longitudinem superans.

Proalae duplo longiores quam latiores, nervo marginali quam cellula costali
longiore proportione 10 : 7, quintuplam nervi stigmatici longitudinem attingente ;
postcosta setis tribus instructa ; pilis in superficie haud confertis, post dimidiam
alae longitudinem in margine sesquilongioribus ; speculo non ultra praestigma
extenso. Alae metathoracis in dimidio exteriore triangulares, pilis marginis
postici quam earum latitudine paullum brevioribus.

Pedes longi, haud robusti, postici femore, tibia et tarso aequilongis, hoc
ultimo articulo apicali quam ceteris subaequalibus vix longiore. Tarsi antici
articulis sensim longioribus, apicali evidenter longiore.

Abdomen oblongo-ovatum, longitudine thoracem cum capite aequans, lati-
tudine paullum superans, apice nervum stigmaticum attingens, terebra haud
prominula.

Long. 1 mm.

Mas differt scapo compresso, pedicello et articulo primo funiculi aequalibus,
articulo tertio et quarto evidenter longioribus, omnibus setis duplam eorum
longitudinem superantibus instructis ; clavae articulo basali quarto funiculi
aequilongo.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.

Specimina 1^ , 2 33.

224 NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

87. Tetrastichus stictococci Silv. ( 0-

? Tetrastichus stictococci Silveatri, Boll. Labor. Zool. gen. e agr., Portici, ix. 1915. p. 370. fig. 26.

Sunt in colleetione specimina duo, ex Mahe (Cascade Estate) provenientia,
quorum characteies omnes examinare non potui : ea vcro Tetrasticho stictococci
attribucnda videntur, silvestrianae specie!, quam auctor in Cote d'Or (in
Africa Occidentali) invenit cuiusque mas tantum est notus. Speciminibus
mahensibus, quae feminae sunt, corpus est brunneo-nigrum, thoracis dorso
lenitcr cyanescente ; funiculus cum clava obscure griseus, scapus atque pedi-
cellus flavo-grisei ; idemque color est tibiis taisisque, excepto hoium artieulo
apicali obscurato ; femora piimi et secundi paris pedum non ultra dimidium
basale sunt nigra. Tetrasticho strictococci, secundum SOvestrii descriptioneni,
nulla est pars pedum nigro picta ; quod vero sexus character esse potest.
Aliaque est differentia in setis scuto insertis, quae in Tetrasticho seychellegsi
quatuor sunt prope scapulanim sulcum : in uno autem specimine seta quinta
juxta raarginem posticum et prope ultimam seriei lateralis inseritur : at
secundum Silvestrii descriptionem tres numerantur. In specimine seychellensi
setis quinque instructo, setae ipsae parti posteriori scuti vel scutello adfixae,
setaque axillulae, anomalam longitudinem attigisse videntur. De thoracis
lateribus hoc dicere licet. Praesterni et metapleurae superficies, etiam si
fortiter vitro augeas, transverse atque minute strigulosa apparet ; metapleurae
et epimeri eadem est magnitudo ; hoc apice eius acuto marginem superum
metapleurae attingit.

88. Tetrastichus longifimbriatus, sp. n. (fig. 72).

Mas. Nigro-brunneus, peristomio, antennis, pedibus praeter femora postica
et coxas flavis vel flavo-griseis, dorsello nigro vel brunnco-luteo. alis griseo-
virescentibus, tegulis et nervis pallidc brunneis.

Antennae scapo compresso triplo longiore quam latiore, carina apicem fere
attingente ; flagello quadruplam scapi longitudinem aequante, pedicello lati-
tudine sua paullum longiore, funiculi artieulo primo brevi pedicello aequilongo,
sequentibus et clavae duobus primis aequalibus, duplo longioribus ; setis in
latere dorsali articuli secundi usque ad medium clavae elongatis, in latere ventrali

apicem articuli paullum superantibus, iUis
articuli tertii et quarti triplae unius
articuli longitudini aequalibus.

Scutum medio sulcatum, item atque
scuteUuni minute in longitudinem stri-
atum. Dorsellum magnum, carinae meta-
noti aequilongum, haec autem brevis,
lata.

Proalae abdomen valde superantes,

Fio. 12.— Tetrastichus longifimbriatus, S- longitudini huius cum thorace aequales,

proaia (x 45). latitudinc 2/5 earum longitudinis attin-

gentes ; postcosta bisetosa, nervo mar-

ginali quam stigmatico sextuplo longiore pilisque instructo huic aequilongis ;

pilis fimbriae valde elongatis, nervum stigmaticum aequantibus ; hoc clava haud

determinata, apice truncato et mox ad apicem dentato. Alac metathoracis

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 226

angustae, 1/6 earum longitudinis latitudine aequantes, in dimidio externo
elongate triangulares, apice acuto. Pili fimbriae in alis anterioribus et posteri-
oribus aequilongi, hanim latitudini aequale.s.

Tarsi postici articulis aequilongis.

Abdomen thorace pauUum brevius.

Long. 0,9 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : " Cascade Estate, from forest near Mount Harrison, about
1,700 ft. ; slopes of Morne Seychellois, about 2,000 ft."

Specimina duo.

Adn. Haec species quam nunc Tetrnstichis adscripsi, charaeteribus genericae
rationis ab illis forsan non differt quas Ashmead et Howard Gyrolasiae Forst.
attribuerunt ; hae femineo sexu tantum cognitae, omnes Americae pertinent.

Gen. Syntomosphynim Forster.
89. Syntomosphynim trichops, sp. n.

Femina. Nigra, parum nitens, oculis brunneis, ocellis rubris, antennis,
alarum nervis et abdominis petiole griseo-luteis, tegulis brunneis, alis baud
limpidis, pedibus cum coxis posterioribus fulvis, femoribus anticis basi nigris,
praetarsis omnibus leniter infuscatis.

Caput thorace parum latius, antice visum rotundato-triangulare, paullum
latitudine sua brevius (proportione 5 : 6), vertice arcuato, oculis dense hirtis,
linea oculari inferiore 1/5 eius longitudinis ab ore remota, clypei margine medio
foveola punctiformi impresso, antennis paullum supra lineam ocularem et infra
medium faciei insertis. Forma capitis de latere ovato-triangularis, diametro
transverso dimidium fere lorgitudinalis aequante, oculis subrctundis totam fere
latitudinem occupantibus, genis teretibus sulco impressis. Vertex de supra
inspectus medio tantum pri pter foveam antennalem angustato, margine postico
acuto, ocello anteriore lineae posterioribus tangenti fere contiguo. his ab anteriore
et ab oculis aequo spatio remotis. Superficies tota reticulata, foveolis piliferis
crebris impressa, pilis sat longis hirta.

Scapus lineam ocularem superiorem non attingens ; flagellum breve longi-
tudinem capitis vix aequans, pedicello duplo longiore quam latiore, annellis
coalesccntibus articulum minimum formantibus, funiculi articulis tribus sensim
latioribus, vix breviciibus, primo subtransverso, ultimo longitudine sua 3/5
latitudinis baud superante ; clava conica, quam articulo praecedente duplo
longiore, baud latiore, in articulos tres divisa, quorum primus ultimo funiculi
subaequalis.

Thorax latitudine 3/4 longitudinis aequans, pronoto sat longo, sed collari
minime discrete ; mesonoti scuto baud sulcato et margine posteriore dimidium
eius latitudinis maximae, longitudine 7/9 huius attingente ; scutello brevicre
(proportione 11 : 14) aeque longo atque lato, sulcis etiam nullis ; axUlis a lateribus
scuti valde remotis ; metathorace dorsello magno, carina media elevata, carinis
lateralibus spiraculis extus tangentibus, angulis posterioribus reflexc-marginatis.
Sculptura pronoti, mesoscuti et scapulanim fortiter reticulato-sulcata, areclis
forma irregulari, foveis piliferis conspicuis sed baud profundis neque marginatis,
sparsis ; axillae, axillulae atque scutellum sculptura magis minuta, areolis fere
dimidio minoribus, regularibus, foveis piliferis nullis ; dorsellum etiam reticula-

15

226 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

turn, metanotum subsquamosum. Callus parce pilosus. Metapleura et meso-
sternum con.spicue reticulata, ejiimerum cum episterno fere laevia, prae.sternum
sicut thoracis latera alveolatum, foveolae autem prothoracis subquadratae.
Mesostcrni latus posticum fortiter sinuatum, aream episterni depressam, rhom-
boidalem, antice limitans. Pili super pronotum, super scutum et scapulas fre-
quentes, aequilongi, super axillas et axillulas nuUi : scutellum setis quatuor
longis instructum, anterioribus scuto propinquis, sensillo discoidali setis cuiusque
lateris interposito.

Proalae abdominis apicem vix superantes, latae, dimidiam earum longitu-
dinem latitudine fere aequantes, subcosta trisetosa, nervo marginali quam
cellula costali sesquilongiore et quintuplam ner*'i .stigmatici lorgitudincm vix
superante (2 : 11), setis circa duodecim instructo nei-vo stigma tico aequilongis ;
cellula basali fere glabra, speculo non ultra praestigma extenso ; pilis fimbriae
in parte postica longioribus. Alae metathoracis cellula costali super nei-vum
marginalem angustissima usque ad hamulos extensa. apice rotundatae, pilis
marginis posterioris 1/3 earum latitudinis vix aequantibus.

Pedes longiuscuU, intermedii articulo prime tarsali quam secundo et tertio
longiore, postici articulo secundo quam primo nonnihil Icngiore et tertio brcvi.

Abdomen distincte petiolatum, ovatum, thoracis longitudinem et latitudinem
paullum superans, duplo longius quam latius : segmento primo duplam secundi
longitudinem aequante, hoc cum tertio et sexto brevibus, subaequalibus, seg-
mentis vero quarto et quinto cum prime longioribus ; terebrae valvis vix apice
prominulis ; superficie tota reticulato-squamosa, pilis longiusculis sat crebris
ornata.

Long. 1,35 mm.

Mas femoribus omnibus leniter infuscatis, flagello capitis longitudini aequi-
longo, articulo primo funiculi subquadrato, paullum longitudine sua latiore et
quam pedicello fere dimidio breviore ; sequentibus pedicello aequilongis, sensim
vix latioribus, ultimo latitudine paullum longiore ; clava in articulos tres sub-
aequales divisa. quorum primus praeclavae longitudinem aequans ; funiculi
articulis omnibus pilis eorum longitudini aequalibus ornatis, duobus primis
antice etiam setis paucis funiculo aequilongis instructis ; abdomine quam
thorace paullum longiore, nonnihil angustiore, magis depresso.

Statura quam feminae vix minor.

Habitat. "Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons, about 1.000 ft. — Mahe, Cascade
Estate."

Specimina 2 ?$, 1 (J.

Adn. Species haec Syntomosphyro glossinae et phaeosomati, Waterstoni,
est proxima.

Gen. Melittobia Westwood.
90. Melittobia hawaiiensis Perkins.

Proc. Hawai. ent. Soc. 1907. p. 124.

Femina. Corpus nigro-brunneum ; oculi concolores, ocelli rubri. antennae
gri.sescenti-brunneae, scapo. pedicello inferius, flavo-griseis ; os aeruginosum ;
pedes pallide flavo-ochracei, femoribus ad basim antice plus minus fusco-macu-
latis, coxis brunneis antice flavescentibus ; alae lenissime griseo-virescentes,
nervis griseis.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 227

Caput thorace paullum latius, discoideum, vertice elevato, oculis hirtis,
iabri incisura media lobulos duos rotiindatcs separante, mandibulis 3-dentatis.
Antennae ad os, infra lineam ocularem. in.sertae, scapo compresso ocellum baud
attingente, prope apicem latiore eiusqiie superficie tota pilis pauci.s brevibus
instructa ; flagello duplo fere qiiam scapo longiore, qiiam capitis latitudine
breviore, annellis inconspicuis, microscopio inspectis quasi duplicata lamella
perspiciendis ; funiculi articulis tribus sensim latioribus, primo longitudine
parum, ultimo fere sesquilatiore ; clava brevi, triarticulata.

Thorax, cum abdomine, valde depressus, hoc ultimum vix brevius. Pro-
thorax longus, conicus : scutum medio haud sulcatum, scutellum sulcis ducbus
parallelis ; metathorax etiam longus, dorsello fere lineari. spiraculis parvis
rotundatis, carina nulla. Callus pilis paucis instructus. Pars thoracis superior
minute reticulata, areolis scutelli fere linearibus.

Proalae abdominis apicem nonnihil superantes, latitudine dimidiae earum
longitudini fere aequali. apice leniter rotundato, nen'o submarginali setis longis
tribus, interdum duabus vel quatuor instructo, marginali quam cellula costali
vix longiore, postmarginali brevissimo, latitudine sua haud longiore, stigmatico
1/3 marginalis parum superante (propoftione 7:18). parte basah glabra, excepto
spatio quodam cellulam basaleni inferius limitante : speculo infra praestigma
nuUo, hoc autem a nen^o humerali non bene discrete setaque instructo quam illis
nervo marginali antice adfixis nonnihil longiore. Metathoracis alae ipsarum
latitudine quintuple longiores, cellula costali ad hamulos extensa, pOis marginis
postici 1/3 latitudinis vix longioribus.

Pedes robusti, tarsorum articulis longitudine subaequalibus, calcaribus
brevibus metatarsum non superantibus.

Abdomen distincte petiolatum, latitudine maxima 2/3 eius longitudinis
attingens, quam thorax aliquantulum latius. lateribus fere rectis. apice parum
rotundato, terebrae valvis vix prominentibus. segmcntis subaecjualibus, pilis
numerosis sparsis, longiusculis, superficie in longitudinem confertim striata.
Long. 1 mm.

Habitat. Mahe : Cascade Estate.
Specimina plurima.

Adn. Hanc speciem amplius et apte describere nequeo, quum sint exem-
plaria adeo exsiccatione deformata ut ne quidem solutione alcalina partes omnes
in priorem formam restitui possint. quod saepe huius generis speciebus cccurrit.
Gratias nunc agam domino Watersten qui hanc speciem recognovit et
cum europaea M. acasta (Walk.) comparavit ; is de characteribus Melittobiae
haumiensis notas quasdam scripsit, quas libenter hie referam. " The mandibles
are shorter and broader than in acasta. The median clypeal incisicn is much
shorter and the lobes are truncate, not roi.nded (a condition not found in others
of the genus). The eyes are for this genus densely pubescent and the face more
hairy, the scrobes are smaller, and the impressed lines en the mid frons more
approximated. In the antennae the scape is shorter and broader and the joints
of the funicle are all much broader than long ; the sensoria are more numerous.
In the prothorax the spiracular emargination is very slight and the spiracle is
not deeply embedded. Ihis is an extremely bristly form all over. It may
be separated at a glance from acasta by comparing the mid lobes of their respective
mesonota. In the European insect there are about 40 bristles (20,20) while in
the Seychelles form the bristles arc about 80 (40, 40) The wing has stronger

228

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

bristles and the radius of the Seychelles .species bears apparently 8-9 bristles,
while acasta has ,5-0."

SuBFAM. TRICHOGRAMMINAE.
Gen. Centrobia Forster.
91. Centrobia mabensis Kieffer.
Hanc speciem, adhuc ineditam, cl. Kieffer descripsit {vide p. 130).

^^Crxrcr::^:^^:^^

SuBFAM. MYMARINAE.
Gen. Gonatocerus Nees.
(Rachistus Forster).
92. Gonatocerus silhouettae, sp. n. (fig. 73).

Femina. Corpore nigro, abdominis dimidio basali et apice obscure ochraeeis,

dorseUo, antennis, praeter scapi latus dor.sale ac ventrale nigricantia, trochanteri-

bus, femoribus basi, genubus, femoribus anticis etiam dimidio toto apicaii,

flavo-griseis ; tibiis fuscis ; tars^is
tibiis concoloribus at apicem ver-
sus magis infuscatis ; alls dilute
brunneo-flavidis, nervis pijisque
flavo-fuscis.

Caput thorace parum latius,
oculis glabris, setis duabus brevi-
bus in linea oculari, genis minu-
tissime reticulatis, areolis parum
elongatis. Antennarum radicula
2/ .5 scapi longitudinis aequans,
pedicellus 1/2 vix superans, pyri-
formis ; funiculi articuli sensim
latiores, duo primi pedicello bre-
viores, tertius huic subaequalis,
reliqui sensim longiores, breviter,
anguste, pedunculati, octavus
latitudine sua duplo longior ; clava
etiam breviter pedunculata, indi-
visa, articulis duobus et dimidio
praecedentibus aequilonga, quam

praeclava parum magis quam sesquilatior, forma oblonga, apice liaud acuto,

pube brevissima, vix conspicua, sat dense vestita.

Scutum atque scutellum sculptura reticulata, areolis in dimidio anteriore

scuti fere linearibus, brevibus ac contiguis, in dimidio posteriore multo maioribus,

oblongis, verum ad scutelli suturam subrotundis.

Proalae setis fimbriae ante dimidium marginis anterioris et in parte dimidia

externa marginis posterioris, maximis, at 1/4 alae latitudinis baud superantibus.

Alae metathoracis pedunculo 1/5 totius longitudinis formante, latitudine in 1/3

apicali 1/25 longitudinis, setis lateris anterioris huic latitudini aequahbus,

posterioris tripldSlrel paullo amplius longioribus.

Fio. ^3. -Qonalocerua silhouetlae, $.

1, antenna; 2, 3, alae; Cx 45). Pj!i in superlicie proalae non

sunt delineati.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 229

Femora ad medium crassiora. Calcar pedis antici spinulosum, articulus
tarsalis primus secundo sesquilongior, strigili toto spatio instructus. Tarsi
posteriores articulo primo secundo sesquilongiore.

Abdomen thoraci aequilongum, petiolo transverso, terebra fere ad basim
egrediente.

Long. 0,8 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : Mare aux Cochons.

Specimen unicum.

Gen. Polynema Haliday.
93. Polynema seychellense, sp. n. (fig. 74).

Mas. Niger, ocellis ferrugineis, scapo ac pedicello flavis, antennae articulis
reliquis flavescenti-fuscis ; abdominis petiolo, alarum nervis pedibusque cum
coxis flavo-griseis, tarsis, absque articulo apicali brunneo, pallidioribus ; proalis
ante medium longitudinis fascia leniter fumata ornatis.

Caput parum thorace latius ; vertice antice viso baud curvato, de latere
inspect© angulatim plicato, plica marginem superiorem capitis formante ; ocellis
externis in huius extremitatibus
prope orbitas locatis, ocello medio
in decKvitato anteriore et setis sex,
baud ercctis, eircumdato, quarum I

duae infra vergentes, binae laterales ; ////////f^^^ii^

occipite sulcis duobus ab ocellis ad /////0&^f^^^^^^

foramen magnum productis im- ///22**^-^''- -V-V'--.-/^^^=

presso ; oculis glabris, orbitis late --^ , /J/^MBM' '-. '.' <i:~.--.-.-/-^^^^
marginatis ; antennis corpori aequi- ~~~~~-=--c^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

longis, margini orbitali contiguis, _ ^^^^^^w^vw^^^j^^

pedicello brevi, articulis sequentibus 2

aequalibus, latitudine Sesquilongiori- ^'°- 74.-Po;2/«ema seychellense, <J.

,.,,.. . . 1, antenua; 2, proala; (X 45).

bus, isthmo brevissimo coniunctis,

apice truncatis, pilis brevibus instructis, ultimo forma ovali, extremitate obtuso.

Dorsum superne inspectum scapularum sulcis conspicuis. subrectis ; scuto
convexiusculo, latitudine sesquilongiore et margine antico fortiter curvato ;
scapulis sat magnis, scutello subelliptico quam scuto fere sesquilongiore atque
manifeste latiore.

Superficies capitis et thoracis polita, etiam si 100 diam. magnificata,
sculptura nulla.

Proalarum fimbria setis apicis 2/5 earum latitudinis, setis in parte postica
exteriore 3/5 aequantibus. Alae metathoracis antice setis instructae earum
latitudini aequalibus, postice triplo longioribus.

Calcar tibiae anticae pilis nonnullis brevissimis instructum, tibiae mediae
atque posticae harum latitudine baud longius, glabrum, apice acutum, subrectum,
at latere exteriore manifeste curvato. Articulus basalis tarsi antici strigili
munitus, idem tarsorum posteriorum longitudinem secundi tertiique aequans,
articuli tres ultimi subaequales.

Abdominis petiolus tenuis, coxis posticis aequilongus.

Abdomen globosum, longitudine dimidium thoracis paullum superans et
huius latitudinem aequans.

230 ' XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Long. 0,66 mm.

Habitat. Silhouette : apud Mare aux Cochons ("high jungle").

Specimen unicum.

EINE NEUE TRICHOGRAMMIDE VON DEN SEYCHELLEN INSELN.
BESCHRIEBEN VON PROF. DR. J. J. laEFFER (BITSCH).*

Centrobia mahensis, n. sp. (fig. 75).

(J. Hellgelb, Abdomen schwarzbraun. Augen unbehaart, langer als die
Wangen, Ocellen einen sehr flachen Bogen bildend ; Mandibeln wenigstens so
breit wie lang, fast viereckig, am abge.stutzten Ende mit drei kleinen Zahnen,
Maxillarpalpen eingliedrig, walzenformig, sehr diinn, mit einer Endborste,
welche langer als das Glied selbst ist ; Labialpalpen durch eine Papille
ersetzt. Antenne 6-gliediig, unterhalb der Augenbasis entspringend ; 1. Glied
vom Grunde bis zur Spitze allmahlich verdickt, langer als die drei folgenden
zusammen ; 2. Glied walzenfonnig, kaum langer als dick, ebenso dick wie
das 1. ; das 3. fast halbkuglig, proximal etwas schmaler als das 2. ; 4.-6.
zusammen eine langliche, zugespitzte Keule bildend, welche wenig kiirztr und
wenig dicker als das 1. Glied ist, und sparliche, wenig abstehende Haaro
tragt, deren Lange der Eicke der Keule gleichkommt,
1. und 2. Glied kaum quer, das keglige Endglied langer
als breit, die Trennung zwischen den drei Keulengliedern
wenig deuthch. Thorax ziemlich flach, gleichbreit, um
die Halfte langer als das Abdomen, mit dem er, in seiner
ganzen Breite, verbunden ist ; Pronotum schmal, bogig,
weit vor den Tegulae aufhorend ; Mesonotum nach
Fig. 15.— Centrobia hinten verschmalert und abgestutzt, langer als breit, so
(J J Kieffe'r deU ^B^ng wie das Scutellum und das Metanotum zusammen.

1, Antenne; 2. Toraeriiugc). Voiderfliigcl am Distalende breit abgerundet, und
bewimpert, in der proximalen Halfte allmahlich und stark
verschmalert und kahl, in der distalen Halfte mit Langsreihen kleiner Borsten ;
Marginalis lang und breit ; Stigmatica lang und breit, halb so lang wie die
Marginalis aber breiter, schwach bogig, distal von der Fliigelmitte liegend,
Hinterfliigel sehr schmal. fast linealformig, distal zugespitzt, im proximalen
Drittel, am Vorderrande, bis zu den zwei Frenalhiickchen ausgeschnitten, mit
drei Langsreihen von Wimpern, die mittlere Reihe aus kleinen Borsten bestehend,
die vordere, nahe am Vorderrand des Fliigels, mit langeren Borsten, die hintere
am Hinterrand, mit sehr langen Wimpern, welche fast doppelt so lang wie die
Fliigelbreite sind. An den 4 Vorderbeinen sind die Tibien kaum dicker als
die Tarsen und wenig diinner als die Femora ; an den zwei Hinterbeinen
sind die Femora und die Tibien stark verdickt, etwa 3 mal so dick wie die
Tarsen, die Femora am dicksten in der Mitte, die Tibien vom Grunde bis zum
Distalende allmahlich dicker ; Tarsus so lang wie die Tibien, die 3 Glieder
ilesselben etwa gleichlang, 3 mal so lang wie dick ; Krallen einfach. Abdomen
ziemlich flacli gedriickt. Lange : 0,5 mm.

Vorkommen. Seychellen. JIahe: "Cascade Estate, about 800-1,500 ft.,
1909."

• See p. 121 (footnote). Figs. 75, 1 and 2, are probably to be regarded as diagrammatic.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGKAE XXIV. 1917. 231

ON SOME APPAEENTLY NEW NOTODONTIBAE
By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.

1. Spatalia aifinis spec. iiov.

?. Similar to plusiata Walk., but much darker.

Differs from plusiata on the forewings in the colour bemg deep black-brown
not chocolate, in the silver T and stigmatic grille bsing larger and farther away
and not fusing with pale area of forewing, in the brown apical quadrate patch
extending farther back into the pale area, and in the hindwings havuig the
basal two-thirds pale buff and outer one-third only dull brown.

Length of forewing : 30 mm. Expanse : 68 mm.

Habitat. Upper Aroa River, British New Guhiea, March 1903 (A. S. Meek),
2 $?.

2. Spatalia indistincta spec. nov.

2. Nearly related to laticostalis Hmpsn. but paler.

Differs in the pale area of the forewuig being less well defined arid variegated
with small streaks and clouded spots, and there is a pale spot in the dark apical
patch ; the dark portion of the forewing is paler and clouded with pale violet.
Hmdwing is much paler brown.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 56 mm.

Habitat. TownsvUle, North Queensland (Dodd), 1 ?.

3. Naprepa fusconubilata spec. nov.

Nearest to fle.vifera Schaus, but has shorter and broader wings.

(J. Forewing much less rufous, the outer one-third obliquely clouded and
streaked with greenish grey, the two obliquely vertical white spots above vein
1 absent and replaced by a longitudinal white line on vein 1, the oblique zigzag

dark band of forewing less distinct. Hindwings rufous wood-brown not dark

rufous chestnut, the white and black ocellate spot above tornus enclosed in
a grey irrorated patch, the lighter postmedian line longer and more evenly
curved. Thorax dark chocolate ivithout whitish tufts.

?. Similar, but much larger, and has a large whitish tuft on first abdominal
segment.

Length of forewing : <? 41 mm., $ 62 mm. Expanse : 3 92 mm., ? 136 mm.

Habitat. Las Quignas, near San Esteban, Venezuela (S. M. Klages) ; San
Esteban, Venezuela, July 1909 (S. M. Klages) (type, (J San Esteban), 2 (J<J, 1 ?.

4. Naprepa adusta spec. nov.

?. Resembles nothing else in the genus, but nearest to pulcheria Druce.

Antennae brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen huffish cinnamon, a darker
median line on patagia.

Forewing huffish cmnamon suffused with rusty brown, giving the appear-
ance of having been scorched, this burnt appearance being much stronger

232 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

on the outer half of the wing ; median three-fifths of costal area and for part
of cell creamy greyish buff ; a sinuate postmedian line of black dots and a
black dot under base of vein 2 ; lobe of inner margin hardly produced ; in
outer two-thuds of wing are a number of dark striae reaching from apex of
cell and median nervure to termen. Hindwing huffish cinnamon, a post-
median sinuate band consisting of an inner portion darker than rest of wing
and an outer one paler ; a brownish patch at tornus and traces of dark
half-moons along margin.

Length of forewing : 40 mm. Expanse : 87 mm.

Habitat. Tinguri, Carabaya, South-east Peru, 3,400 ft., August 1904 (G.
Ockenden), 1 $.

5. Antiora aflSnis spec. nov.

(J. Differs from A. subrufula Walk, in the wings being shorter and broader.
The forewings appear darker and more maroon, owing to the reduction of the
grey irroration ; the white stigma and postmedian transverse band are absent ;
between veins 2 and 4 is a postmedian ill-defined cloudy whitish patch.

The hindwings differ m being quite black and having a median cloudy
whitish patch.

Below entirely black, and the cloudy whitish patches on fore- and hindwings
much more sharply defined and whiter.

Length of forewing : 19 mm. ExpaiLse : 43 mm.

Habitat ?.

6a. Cargida pyrrha intensa subsp. nov.

Differs from pyrrha pyrrha m being much darker and in the pattern being
much more strongly marked.

Habitat. Nogales, Arizona, July 1903 (Oslar), 4 <Jc?, 1 ?.

7. Nystalea nigriplaga spec. nov.

?. Nearest to idonea WaUi.

Antennae dark brown ; frons and palpi wood-buff, vertex sooty grej' ; the
two tufts at base of antennae, the tegulae, and patagia sooty blackish grey
edged with huffish, the rest of thorax and abdomen dark wood-grey slightly
variegated with bufif.

Forewing dark blackish wood-brown variegated all over with huffish and
rusty brown-buff, which on costa consists of bent streaks in basal three-fifths
and of square dots on outer one-fifth. A black round velvety stigma ringed
with huffish on lower corner of discocellulars with a dark rufous spot above
it and a dull sooty black quadrate spot behind it ; an oblong sooty black
patch extends obliquely from end of cell to termen, in this patch is an oblique
buff streak and some indications of huffish dots ; a row of black chevrons

on margin and fringe of termen. Huidwings sooty black-brown ; basal half

suffused with buff ; fringe and abdominal margin buff.

Length of forewing : 42 mm. Expanse : 92 mm.

Habitat. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, South-east Peru, 3,100 ft., December
1905 (G. Ockenden), 1 ? type ; 1 ? Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6,500 ft.,
December 1902 (G. Ockenden).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 233

8. Nystalea cossoides spec. nov.

(J. Nearest to griz^nani Schaus.

Antennae black-brown ; head and tegulae deep chestnut ; thorax silvery
grey and deep chestnut mixed with a pale chestnut tuft on hind edge ; abdomen
dark wood-brown, last segment and anal tuft cinnamon.

Forewing clouded mouse-grey, the central three-fifths suffused with brown,
a basal chestnut patch on upper half of wing ; a convex curved double trans-
verse line, inwardly dull chestnut, outwardly black, a similar double sinuous
postmedian line, but with the inner part black and outer chestnut ; in between
these two transverse bands are a number of short and irregular black hair-lines
and rings, and some grey patches in the browner ground-colour ; some black

subapical hair-streaks and a black crenulated terminal line. Hindwing : basal

two-thirds greyish, somewhat thinly scaled and hyaline, outer one-third sooty
black-brown, fringe white.

Length of forewing : 23 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Habitat. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, South-east Peru, 6,000 ft. (G. Ockenden),

1 cJ.

9. Nystalea zeuzeroides spec nov.

cj. Nearest to discalis Schaus.

Antennae dark brown ; palpi buii" at the upturned third joint, rest streaked
grey and chestnut ; head, antennal tuft, and tegulae deep bright chestnut ;
basal half of patagia roan-grey, rest of patagia and thorax bright maroon-brown ;
abdomen brown witli mauve tinge.

Forewing silvery mouse-grey variegated with a large number of sinuate
and zigzag transverse lines of different widths of bright brown, wood-brown
or whitish ; at end of cell is a stigma of dark grey surrounded by a brown line,

a postdiscal dark brown streak on subcostal. Hindwings dark brown, basal

two-thirds variegated with some huffish clouding.

Length of forewing : 29 mm. Expanse : 66 mm.

Habitat : Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 0 cJcJ.

10. Nystalea ocellata spec. nov.

(J ?. Antennae brown serrated with pale rusty teeth ; head yellowish cinna-
mon rufous ; antennal tufts short, some colour ; tegulae and base of patagia
cinnamon rufous, some of the hau's tipped with violaceous grey ; rest of patagia
and thorax violaceous brown tipped with grey and mauve ; abdomen wood
grey-brown, a chestnut tuft on first segment.

Forewing liver-brown with a series of streaks on costa, some chestnut,
others brown, buff, or mauve, and some darker and paler transverse crenulate
shadow-lines on basal half of wing ; a median basal black spot and a similar
larger one on vein 1 ; beyond the cell is a broad band from costa to median
vein, the inner half of this band is half rufous, half black, the outer half rufous
with two marginal sUvery-mauve lines and between these lines powdered with
silvery mauve ; this band is followed by three or four crenulate angled dark
lines variegated with streaks and freckles of silvery mauve and blue ; a subapical
velvety black spot surrounded by a buff and speckled area giving somewhat the
effect of an ocellus ; a submarginal row of slate-blue somewhat ocellated dots.

234 NOTITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Hindwing : basal half dirty buff suffused with earth-brown, outer half

earth-brown.

Length of forewing : 21-25 mm. Expanse : 47-56 mm.

Habitat. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, South-east Peru, 3,100 ft., December 1905
(G. Ockenden), 5 S<3, type ; Rio Demerara, British Guiana, IS, 1 ?•

II. Bardaxima molossus spec. nov.

S. Antennae bro-wn ; palpi, head, tegulae, and centre of thorax daik
chocolate-brown ; a small tuft ot buffy-yellow haii- below antennae ; patagia
very large olive-grey, pale grey at base ; abdomen wood-brown.

Forewing : basal two-fifths greyish wood-brown densely strigillated and
suffused with darker brown ; a median slightly curved double black-brown
transverse line, two blackish dots in median fold in basal one-fifth ; outer three-
fifths wood-gi-ey strigillated with yellowish brown and dark brown ; the striae
in some places so arranged as to form transverse bands more or less distinct ;
outer one-fifth of costa with double excision ; a large chestnut subapical patch.
Hindwing greyish wood-brown, fringe buff".

Length of forewing: 31 mm. Expanse: 73 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. JI. Klages), 1 o.

12. Bardaxima castaneobrunnea spec. nov.

(J. Antennae red-brown ; head and thorax deep chocolate-rufous ; abdo-
men similar but washed with black.

Forewing bright rufous chocolate, suffused here and there with purplish
mauve ; a number of crenulate streaks and spots more or less indistinct rufous
cinnamon ; a rufous cinnamon stigma at apex of cell containing two black

lunules ; a large round ocellate subapical patch blackish chocolate. Hindwings

blackish chocolate-brown.

Length of forewmg : 20 mm. Expanse : 46 mm.

Habitat. Rio Demerara, British Guiana, 1 S<S.

13. Eragisa basifera spec nov.

(J. Anteimae brown ; head and thorax mossy green-grey ; abdomen mouse-
grey suffused with pinkish cinnamon.

Forewing mossy green-grey, a dull chestnut broad subbasal transverse
band edged outwardly by a triple black line, the outermost line being interrupted

postmedian and submaiginal lines of white spots. Hindwing cream-buff

abdominal area brownish buff ; termen and tornus suffused with cinnamon.

Length of forewmg : 23 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Habitat. Potaro, British Guiana, February— June 1908 (S. M. Klages),
6 S3 ; Aroewarwa Creek, Maroe\\ym Valley, Surinam, May 1905 (S. M. Klages),
2 (J(J ; La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, South-east Peru, 2,000 ft.,
December 1904 (G. Ockenden), Z <SS. Type, Potaro.

13a;. Eragisa tenebrosa spec. nov.

(J. Antennae strongly pectinated sooty black ; head deep blackish chocolate ;
thorax blackish chocolate mixed with rufous chocolate ; abdomen dirty brown-
buff at base and on sides of fii-st four segments.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 235

Forewing deep blackish chocolate sufifused with a slaty purple bloom from
a dusting of bluish scales, a number of more or less distinct transverse crenulate
and waved lines of black spots and lunules ; a buff stigma outlined in black.

Hindwing sooty brown, basal one-third and abdominal area suffused and

mixed with buff ; a rusty buff broken line in fringe.

Length of forewing : 33 mm. Expanse : 75 mm.

Habitat. Chiriqui, Panama, 1 tj.

14a. Crinodes striolata fuscipennis subsp. nov.

tS ?. Differ from striolata striolata from Brazil m their darker duller forewings
and in the hindwings being uniform grey-brown, not variegated with buff.

Habitat. Venezuela and Costa Rica and Peru (tj'pe 3, Tinguri, Carabaya,
South-east Peru, August 1904, G. Ockenden), 10 specimens.

146. Crinodes striolata insularis subsp. nov.

<J ?. Differ from striolata strioUiia in being suffused with dark brownish
cinnamon which gives it a washed-out appearance.
Habitat. Trmidad, 10 specimens.

15. Crinodes schausi spec. nov.

Mr. W. Schaus was the fii\st to point out that the insect figured by Huebner
as the $ of hLs beskei was a distinct species which he named striolata but Mr.
Schaus lumped together under the name of striolata specimens with striolated
forewings and without ; considering the non-striolated $$ to be the $? of his
striolata. However, I have a big series of the non-striolated form containing
both SS and $9, and I consider it a good species.

(J ?. Differ from ritsimae in the rufous chocolate not sooty black-brown
colour, in the long narrow not short kidney-shaped stigma and which is not
buff, in the more striated baso-costal region of forewing, and in the longer and
narrower pale wedge on inner margin.

Habitat. Mexico and Costa Rica, 57 specimens.

16a. Lepasta bractea gigantea subsp. nov.

(J ?. Much larger than bractea bractea, and much more sooty grey without
any trace of cinnamon.

Length of forewing, bractea bractea, <? 19 mm., $ 21 mm. ; expanse, <? 43 mm.,
5 47 mm.

Length of forewing, bractea gigantea, o 26 mm., ? 26 mm. ; expanse, J 58 mm.,
? 58 mm.

Habitat. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6,500 ft., December 1902 (G. Ockenden),
1 ? (type) ; La Union, Rio Huacamayo, 2,000 ft., November 1904 (G. Ockenden),
1 c7.

17. Tachida cossula spec. nov.

(J ?. Antennae brown ; liead and tegulae dark cmnamon suffused with
sooty grey ; rest of thorax variegated with various shades of grey.

Forewing mauve-grey clouded with various band-like suffusions of brown

236 NOVIIATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

and grey ; an indistinct subbasal band black and rufous ; a double crenulate
antemedian band inwardly buffish, outwardly black ; a pale stigma with dark
grey centre, a heavy velvety black postmedian band slightly angled or rather
projecting at vein 3 ; beyond this an indistinct »inuate crenulate and interrupted

line, and a black terminal hair-line. Hind«ii5gs dirty white, huffish on

abdominal area, a brown marginal line somewhat spreading into wing.

Length of forewing : 20 ram. Expanse : 46 mm.

Habitat. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 m. = 2,438 ft., August 1906—
April 1907 (J. Steinbach), 2 5? ; Santo Antonio do Javary, Upper Amazons,
June 1907 (S. M. Klages), 6 cJcJ. (These 3S have much less conspicuous ante-
median bands, but are not fresh.)

18. Dyasia stigmatica spec. nov.

(J. Antennae orange-brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen purplish sooty
black-brown.

Forewing purplish sooty brown ; basal one-third with scattered rusty striae
joined to velvety black ditto ; these on the outer edge of this part of wmg
conglomerated to form a rather ill-defined broad antemedian rufous band con-
taining black spots ; outer two-thirds with hardly any of these striae, an oblique
postmedian line of rufous spots with black centres ; a large subapical rust-red

patch like a brand in the centre of which is a broad brown-black band.

Hindwings dirty white ; costal and abdominal areas dirty grey ; termen greyish.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 57 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 1 <?.

19. Dyasia melanoleuca spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown ; head purplish blackish chocolate ; thorax dirty
white ; abdomen brownish buffy grey ; basal segment whitish ; anal tuft buff.

Forewing purplish sooty black-brown, paler on outer one-third ; basal one-
seventh obliquely pure white ; dark portion of basal two-thirds of wing crossed
by a lot of very indistinct crenulate lines of dots, a more distinct postmedian
double curved band of such spots ; costa spotted with' dark spots, two larger

round black subapical spots obliquely placed ; a black spot above vein 2.

Hindwing : abdominal two-thirds white, costo-terminal one-third dirty sooty
brown.

Length of forewing : 15 mm. Expanse : 34 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 3 (JcJ.

20. Dyasia pimctata spec nov.

tJ. Antennae brown ; head and thorax cinnamon-brown ; abdomen yeUowLsh
wood-grey ; a black round spot on anal segment.

Forewing mauve pinkish cinnamon clouded with band-like clouduigs of
brown and with numerous streaks and speckluigs ; a round black subbasal spot
in median fold, a blurred blackish broad antemedian black-brown band foDowed
by a somewhat curved line of different-sized black spots ; a postmedian line

of black spots ; two large subapical black spots and one about vein 3.

Hindwing wood-brown, basal two-thirds washed with buff ; fringe buff.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 59 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 1 (J.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. 237

21. Lirimiiis guatemalensis spec. nov.

(J ?. Differs from truncata Herr.-Sch. in having the head and tegulae dark
brown like the thorax, the antennae much darker, and tlie pectinations longer,
and in the pale costal two-fifths of the forewing being white not yellow.

Ler.gth of forewing : <S 35 mm., ? 37 mm. Expanse : <S 11 mm., ? 81 mm.

Habitat. Ciudad de Guatemala (Rodriguez), 2 SS, 1 ?•

22. Lirimiris chimaera spec. nov.

<J. Allied to truncata, but at once distinguished by its very long, narrow,
and strongly curved forewLngs.

Antennae chestnut rufous with enormously long pectinations ; head and
tegulae cream-buff ; rest of thorax deep chocolate-brown with an olive tinge
on patagia ; abdomen sooty brown-grey, segments 5 and 6 paler.

Forewing strongly curved and very narrow ; costal two-fifths cream-buff,
a streak in cell along median, outer one-thiid of costal area, a band below it,
and a subterminal band rust-red ; a few scattered rust-red scales in cream-buff

area ; rest of wing chocolate-brown washed with olive. Hindwing dull white

tinged strongly on nervures and on abdominal area with dirty grey, margin and
tornus rusty brown.

Length of forewing: 49 mm.; breadth at lobe: 13 mm. ; breadth at
tornus: 13 mm. Expanse: 108 mm.

Habitat. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, July 1902, 6,000 ft. (G. Ockenden),
1 <S.

23. Liiimiiis lemoiilti spec. nov.

Allied to meridionalis Schaus, but much smaller and darker.

cJ. Antennae deep brown heavily pectinated ; head wood-buff ; thorax
olive wood-brown ; tegulae sprinkled with huffish grey ; abdomen dark wood-
brown.

Forewing deep wood-brown grained and striated similar to wood ; basal
one-sixth much paler and with two chevron-like double marks, a large irregular
stigma outlined with white, an irregular ill-defined postmedian double row of
evanescent dusky spots, some black and white streaks on inner margin, an
oblique ill-defined pale patch from costa to antemarginal white line divided in
middle by dark streak, an antemarginal curved and minute white line followed

by two white and black crenulate submarginal hair-lines.- Hindwing sooty

brown, a postmedian pale band indicated and a series of pale and black bands
round and on tornus.

Length of forewing : 25-26 mm. Expanse : 56-58 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana.

[Lirimiris elongata Schaus and L. euribya (Druce).

Mr. Schaus has united these two insects as the same species, but they are
really two very distinct species. L. euribya is much smaller and has the costa
much straighter, i.e. much less convex. The basal two-thuds of the forewings
are orange-cinnamon and the outer one-third cinnamon-buff, while in elongata
the basal half of the forewing is greyish wood-brown, the outer half being wood-

238 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

grey with a huffish tinge. Moreover, within the last two years both species
have been bred by the Rev. MUes JIoss at Para, and the larvae are totally
different and feed on quite different trees.

Length of forewing, elongata, S 38-45 mm. Expanse, 83-98 mm.
„ etiribya, q 28-36 mm. Expanse, 62-78 mm.

,, „ elongata, ? 48-58 mm. Expanse, 105-127 mm.]

23 bis a. Lirimiris elongata postpallida subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from elongata elongata from Peru in its almost white hindwings,
and the forewings being less grey, more suffused with pale buff.
Habitat. Costa Rica, Tuis (W. Schaus).

23 bis h. Lirimiris elongata orientalis subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from e. elongata in having the forewings suffused with brownish
buff, and the hindwings, although dark brown as in e. elongata, also show a more
yellowish tone.

Habitat. Potaro, British Guiana, February 1908 (S. M. Klages) ; Omai,
British Guiana ; British Guiana bought at Georgetown (Rev. IVIr. Whitford)
(type) ; St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons,
September 1906 (S. M. Klages). 9 specimens in all.

24. Lirimiris mirabilis spec. nov.

(J. Antennae strongly pectinated amber-brown ; head and thorax buff ;
abdomen sooty grey-black ; last segment and anal tuft grey.

Forewing : basal two-fifths buff with some slightly darker marks ; a large
cream-white round spot in a larger olive-brown patch at end of cell, from which
runs a broad cream band towards apex ; outer four-fifths of costa sooty black,
extending into the wing beyond cell as low as base of vein 5 and then narrowing
again towards apex, a subapical chocolate patch, rest of wing buff shaded some-
what with brown, a postmedian doubly zigzag line somewhat faint and shadowy ;
between veins 4 and 6 some irregular pale rufous-brown patches and a mar-
ginal band of pale rufous from vein 4 to vein 1 ; wing strongly excised between
veins 4 and 1 ; along outer half of vein 1 wing is sooty grey. Hindwing white.

?. Similar but paler ; forewing less excised between veins 1 and 4 ; margin
of hindwing slightly rufous.

Length of forewing : 37 mm. Expanse : 81 mm.

Habitat. Pozuzu, Peru, 900 m. = 2,925 ft. (W. Hoffmann), 1 ^ (type) ;
Valencia, Venezuela, 1 ?.

25. Arhacia postbrunnea spec. nov.

(J. Antennae shaft dark brown, pectinations paler ; palpi chocolate ; head
olive-buff ; thorax olive-buff striped with pale brown, and tegulae ringed with
chocolate ; abdomen sooty black-brown, anal tuft edged and suffused with
paler brown.

Forewing olive-buff with a chocolate border all round except on basal one-
Bixth of costa ; a yellow-buff stigma with two darker lines in it, a brown smear

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. '239

in median fold and various streaks and smears of darker and paler olive-bufiP on
disc ; an indistinct zigzag postdiscal brownish line and in the chocolate border
along termen are two pinkish submarginal hair-lines and a broader buff line

along inner side of terminal portion of chocolate border.- Hindwing sooty

black-brown ; basal two-thirds of costal, one-third of wing and abdominal area
suffused with olive-buff ; two pinkish lines at tornus.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 56 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana.

26. Drugera pallidiflava spec. nov.

?. Antennae pale brown ; head and thorax rusty buff mixed with grey
and brown hairs ; abdomen yellowish wood-grey, an orange patch on second
segment.

Forewing shining buii ; base olive-brown, an oblique rather indistinct
antemedian olive-rufous band and curved concave broad postmedian similar
band ; three anteapical rufous-chocolate spots on costa, which is washed with
rusty rufous ; a rufous interrupted antemarginal line, outer margin strongly
convex. Hindwing buS suffused with mauve or purplii^h brown.

Length of forewing : 22 mm. Expanse : 49 mm.

Habitat. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, South-east Peru, January 1906, 3,100 ft.
(G. Ockenden).

27. Drugeia muscosa spec. nov.

(J. Antennae amber-brown serrated deeply on one side, one-fourth from
base is a large comblike structure consisting of prolonged and widened teeth,
first joint very long, rest of antennae attached to first joint by a flat tongue on
underside only ; head and thorax dark chocolate-brown washed with olive-
green ; abdomen cinnamon chocolate-brown.

Forewing blackish moss-green, with subbasal, antemedian, median, three
postmedian, and submarginal irregular lines of lighter and darker coalescent

half-moons, the submarginal row is greyish white inside. Hindwings cinnamon

chocolate-brown .

Length of forewing : 27-29 mm. Expanse: 61-65 mm.

Habitat. Maraval, Trinidad, July 1891 (type) ; Calama, Rio Madeii'a
(W. Hoffmanns).

28. Psilacron sericeus spec. nov.

cj. Antennae strongly pectinated, decreasing regularly to the apex, rufous,
shaft buff ; head and thorax very shaggy, cinnamon-chocolate much mixed
with buff and greenish hairs ; abdomen chocolate-cinnamon, anal tuft buff.

Forewing bright buff clouded with greyish and cinnamon, giving it a greenish
olivaceous tinge ; costal area chocolate-cinnamon much shaded with buff, a
basal chocolate line, a double antemedian band, upper half thick and chocolate,
lower half thin and grey ; a somewliat ill-defined and hazy large wedge-shaped
patch of chocolate suffused with buff occupies the costal three-fifths of disc of
wing, within which is a large double buff stigma ; the forewing has a strong
satiny lustre and is very thickly scaled. Hindwing chocolate-cinnamon.

240 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Length of forewing : 22 mm. Expanse; 51 mm.

Habitat. 4 Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru (E. Bottger) (type) ; 1
Oconeque, Caiabaya, 7,000 ft., South-east Peru, July 1904 (G. Ockenden).

29. Psilacron divisa spec. nov.

(J. Antennae rufous ; head and thorax rufous cinnamon-chestnut ; abdomen
black-brown, anal tuft dull rufous.

Forewing chestnut cinnamon-rufous ; costa with oblique darker streaks, a
number of ante- and postmedian lines of darker coalescent lunules, a small black
stigmatic spot, and a yellowish streak beyond cell. Hindwmgs black-brov\'n.

Length of forewuig : 16 mm. Expanse: 36 mm.

Habitat. 1 Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages) (type);
1 La Union, Rio Huacamayo, South-east Peru, 2,000 ft., November 1904
(G. Ockenden).

30. Notoplusia distinguenda spec. nov.

S. Antennae brown ; head and thorax pale mauve suffused with red ;
abdomen mauve-brown with an upright deep red tuft on first segment, and on
second and third segments similar mauve-brown tufts tipped or sprinkled with
red ; anal tuft large mauve-brown tipped with dark brown.

Forewing : basal half obliquely dull brown tinged with mauve, with in-
distinct lines of darker streaks, and a large dumbbell-shaped patch of apple-
green ; outer half cinnamon-mauve, an irregular submarginal band of maroon-
red spots, forked in upper half, one patch on inner fork very large ; termen

maroon-red. Hindwings : basal half pale wood-grey, outer half darker

brownish grey.

? larger with hindwing all dark grey.

Length of forewing : S 22 mm., ? 26 mm. Expanse : S 48 mm., $ 57 mm.

Habitat. 2 cjtj, 1 ?, Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, October 1906 (S. M.
Klages) ; 1 <J, 1 2, Santo Antonio do Javary, Upper Amazons, May 1907 (S. M.
Klages) ; 1 3, Allianca below San Antonio, Rio Madeua, November 1907 (W.
Hoffmanns) (type) ; 1 cj, St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana.

31. Trichomoplata dimorpha spec. nov.

(J. Antennae amber-brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen dirty greyish buff.

Forewuig semihyaline dirty white ; basal three-fourths of costal area and
basal half of wing more heavily scaled, dirty yellowish grey clouded, and also
similar though much fainter cloudings at apex and along subtermmal area, a

large rusty orange patch on basal half of vein 2. Hindwmg semihyaline

white; costal and abdominal areas duty pale yellowish grey.

?. Much larger ; antennae rufous cinnamon ; head and thorax huffish
cmuamon ; abdomen darker.

Forewuig huffish cinnamon with indistinct darker lines and streaks, central
part of disc beyond middle semihyaline whitish with bands and streaks of cm-
namon ; on vein 2 is a large blood-red patch and obliquely below it one of rusty
brown, a submarginal curved double hair-line white and deep rufous. Hind-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 241

wing semihyaline whitish, more or less thickly clothed with rusty cinnamon hairs
especially on abdominal and costal regions.

Length of forewing : cj 22 mm.. $ 29 mm. Expanse : d 50 mm., 5 67 mm.

Habitat. 3 cJeJ, 6 ??, Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klagea)
(? type).

32. Trichoraoplata stigmatica spec. nov.

(S. Antennae amber-yellow ; head dark buff ; thorax and abdomen rusty
cinnamon.

Forewing rusty cinnamon, disc beyond middle semihj'aline, basal one-third
of wing washed with pale brown m type and with blackish in second specimen ;
at apex of cell a veniform black stigma with buff centre and an orange spot

outside it distad ; a large rufous orange patch on vein 2. Hindwing

semihyaline white ; costal and abdominal areas densely clothed with cmnamon-
buff hairs.

Length of forewing : 20 mm. Expanse : 46 mm.

Habitat. 2 (JcJ, Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages).

33. Stauropus nitidus spec. nov.

o. Antennae amber-brown ; head and thorax yellowish golden bronze ;
abdomen brownish cinnamon.

Forewing deep rufous chocolate densely powdered with metallic green ;
a subbasal spot and an angulated streak below median white, a white irregular
discocellular patch ; a postmedian band of white lunules angled outwards and
a postdiscal green band angled mwards meet between veins 3 and 4 and form
a cross (x), the inner, upper, and lower arms being formed by the band of white

lunules and the outer by the green band. Hindwing : basal three-fifths pale

cinnamon clothed with yellowish hairs, outer two-fifths darker cinnamon.

$. Similar, but the metallic green powdering much denser, and in conse-
quence the insect appears almost green.

Length of forewing : <J 22 mm., ? 24 mm. Expanse : ij 49 mm., ? 53 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
January— February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 7 (JcJ, 2 ??.

34. Stauropus flavicollis spec. nov.

<J ?. Antennae brown ; head and tegulae huffish yellow, base of tegulae
white ; rest of thorax chocolate-purple, most of the haiis with small white tips ;
abdomen clayey wood-brown.

Forewing chocolate-purple powdered with white scales, the absence of
these white scales in places causes the wing to appear banded with sinuous and
zigzag dark transverse lines ; along costa patches of metallic apple-green,
some similar green scales near centre of disc, three postdiscal green lunate patches.
— —Hindwing pale cinnamon, apex with chocolate-purple and white patch.

Length of forewmg : cJ 20 mm., $ 23 mm. Expanse : 3 45 mm., ? 52 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 1 (J, 1 ? (? type).

16

242 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

35. Stauropus purpurasceus spec. nov.

<J. Antennae deep brown ; head and thorax chocolate maroon-purple
powdered somewhat with white ; abdomen pale wood-brown.

Forewing chocolate maroon-purple powdered with pale lavender and metallic
apple-green scales, the absence in places of these scales gives the wings the
appearance of being spotted with brighter purple patches ; a cinnamon-white
discocellular .stigma, an irregular broken postdiscal green band produced by

the conglomeration of the green scales. Hindwing whitish washed witli

purplish cinnamon, darker towards margins ; a deep purple-cinnamon patch
at apex.

?. Similar, larger, and with denser green scaling ; no stigma in forewmg ;
hindwing cinnamon grey-brown ; purple apical patch powdered with green.

Length of forewing : S 19 mm., ? 25 mm. Expanse : S 42 mm., ? 56 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Gumea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 4 <J<J, 2 $?.

36. Stauropus viridinitens spec. nov.

S ?. Antennae cinnamon-brown ; palpi dark brown, thud joint orange,
very shaggy ; head grey with large tuft of hau- on vertex ; thorax brown, the
very long haii- tipped with long tips of yellowish green ; abdomen chocolate-
cinnamon.

Forewing greyish white, densely covered over with metallic green scales ;
a double antemedial line purple-brown, a double irregular sinuous postmedian
band partly of lunules, partly of irregular patches purple-brown, a purple-brown

subterminal band of streaks. Hindwing chocolate-cinnamon ; apical patch

purple-brown, densely coated with green scales.

Length of forewing : 3 24 mm., $ 27 mm. Expanse : 3 55 mm., $ 62 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, North-east British New Guinea, 5,000 ft.,
January 1906 (A. S. Meek) (type ?), 7 <?,?, 1 ?.

37. Stauropus leucophaeus spec. nov.

?. Antennae bright brown ; head and thorax pale coffee-brown mixed
with dirty white ; abdomen dirty brownish cinnamon.

Forewing deep chocolate-brown powdered densely with white scaks, a
band before middle, a broken kregular patchlLke postmedian band, and a zigzag
subterminal line entirely without white scales ; a broad irregular postdiscal

area grey, as is the double stigma. Hindwing pale chocolate-cinnamon i

apical patch brown and white.

Length of forewing: 25 mm. Expanse: 555 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

38. Stauropus glaucoviridis spec. nov.

?. Antennae amber-brown ; head and thorax pale bluish sage-green, hairs
each tipped with white, inner edges of patagia and patch in centre of thorax
dirty grey ; abdomen cinnamon wood-brown.

Forewing bluish sage-green encrusted with a here-and-there broken layer

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 243

of thick white scales, the ground-colour appeaiuig in patches, a broad oblique
postmedian band and a broad anteterminal band in wliich latter runs a sub-
terminal white line of short streaks ; some black spots on costa and a black
antemedian band reaching to above vein 1 ; fringe chequered sooty grey and
sage-green.— — Hindwing cinnamon grey-brown.

Length of forewing : 23 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, JVIambare, North-east British New Guinea, April 1906 (A. S.
Meek), 1 $.

39. Stauropus tripla^osus spec. nov.

?. Anteimae brown ; head cinnamon-grey ; thorax brown, each hah with
outer half dirty whitish grey so that the colour appears grizzled ; abdomen
very pale cinnamon-brown.

Forewmg whitish grey powdered with darker scales and m several large
patches washed with greenish buff ; a large patch beyond discocellulars running
from costa into the \^'ing, a baso-subbasal patch below median, and a patch
between inner margin and centre of vein 2 dark brown slightly sprinkled with
grey ; double zigzag ante- and postmedian lines and a sinuous subterminal

hah-line also dark brown. Hindwing pale cinnamon-brown, costal one-third

grey with large subapical dark brown patch.

Length of forewing : 28 mm. Expanse : 63 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 500 ft., February
1911 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

40. Stauropus frugilegus spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown ; head and thorax mouse-grey ; abdomen mouse-grey.

Forewhig mouse-grey suffused with olive-green, double ante- and post-
median darker Imes, the space between the double lines and also between the
two lines of each double line a sprmkling of bluish or lavender scales producing
a glaucous appearance ; a sinuous subterminal dark line beyond which are

also bluish scales. Hindwing duty white ; abdominal area hauy buff ; costal

area same colour as forewing, outer one-fifth below this pale brownish cinnamon,
tapering to vein 1.

Length of forewmg : 23 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Habitat. Rook Island (New Guinea), August — September 1913, 2 JS
(A. S. Meek).

. 41. Stauropus viridogrisea spec. nov.

3. Antennae brown ; head rufous cinnamon, strongly mixed with whitish ;
thorax cinnamon so strongly mixed with white as to appear dull whitish grey ;
abdomen pale cinnamon-brown.

Forewing brown, outer half densely, basal half less densely suffused with
white and spangled with patches of metallic green scales ; a number of dark
indistmct sinuous double lines cross the disc of the wing, a waved subterminal

dark brown hair-line. Hindwing pale greyish cinnamon-brown, a large dark

brown subapical patch powdered with green scales.

?. Much larger and paler « ith the sinuous lines much more distinct.

244 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

Length of forewing : cj 20 mm., 9 29 mm. Expanse : cJ 45 mm., ? 66 mm.
Habitat. Biagi, Marabare, 5,000 ft., April 1906 (A. S. Meek), 1 <? (type) ;
Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, March 1903 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

42. Stauropus alboviridis spec. nov.

?. Antennae rufous ; head and thorax cinnamon maroon strongly mixed
with white ; abdomen pale cinnamon brown.

Forewing white ; basal one-fifth and inner area running along beyond
vem 1 and into a patch reaching vein 2 metallic green, in the latter patch a
white spot, terminal area suffused with metallic green, a large costo-subcostal
green patch with white in it, and two lines proceeding to join patch below

vein 2. Hindwings pale greyish cinnamon ; costal area white with large

subapical chocolate patch powdered with green.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 55 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare, 5,000 ft., January 1906 (A. S. Meek), 2 $?.

43. Stauropus germana spec. nov.

(J. Similar to ]Mllidifascia Hmpsn. but at once distinguished by the double
postmedian band not being angled, but evenly curved.

Antennae black-brown ; head and thorax chocolate rufous ; centre of
abdomen rufous maroon, sides rufous cinnamon.

Forewing : base and outer one-thhd slate-grey, the latter with rufous brown
cloud-marks and a maroon subterminal hair-line ; rest of wing deep rufous
with indistinct cloudings, a double curved postmedian band of blood red with

cinnamon rufous interspace ; a pale stigma. Hindwing buffy cream-colour ;

costal one-thiid maroon rufous with slate-grey apex.

?. Larger markings similar but deep rufous replaced by chocolate and
postmedian double line followed by a broad band of bluish-grey white ; hind-
wing grey-brown.

Length of forewing : J 24 mm., ? 29 mm. Expanse : <J 54 mm., ? 66 mm.

Habitat. Nmay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 3 <J(J, 2 ?$ (cJ type);
Biagi, Mambare, 5,000 ft., March 1906 (A. S. Meek), 1 $.

44. Stauropus rufescens spec. nov.

c?. Antennae deep brown ; head white tinged with ciiuiamon, vertex pale
lemon ; tegulae white mixed with deep rufous, rest of thorax deep maroon
rufous ; abdomen grey-brown.

Forewing : basal one-fourth pale rufous densely sprinkled with metallic
apple-green scales ; disc of wing bright maroon rufous, outer one-fourth sprinkled

with apple-green giving it a deep brown appearance. Hindwing unier half

cream- white slightly tinged with rufous, rest of wing deep maroon rufous.

?. Differs in the whole head being pale lemon, the tegulae whiter, and the
rest of the thorax dark cinnamon.

The forewing has the basal tlu:ee-fourths of forewing dark rufous chocolate
and the apple-green scales intermixed with grey ; the outer fourth is rufous grey
with only green scaling along terminal area. Hmdwings darker.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 245

Length of forewing : (J 18 mm., ? 20 mm. Expanse : <? 40 mm., 9 46 mm.

Habitat. Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 1 3 type ; Biagi, Mam-
bare, 5,000 ft., April 1906 (A. S. Meek), 1 (J, 1 ?.

45. Stauiopus sikkimensis khasianus subsp. nov.

cj. Differs from s. sikkimensis in the thorax and base of the forewing being
apple-green not grey, and rest of the wing deep spinach-green, as is also the large
square apical patch on the hmdwing.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam, 8 SS (compared with 7 ijej, 2 ?$ from
Darjeeling in Tring Museum).

46. Stauropus affinis spec. nov.

?. Similar to sikkimensis and s. kJiusiana, but distinguished by the absence
of definite cross bands on the forewing, by a pale subcostal patch one-third from
apex, and by three black patches in and near apex of cell. Base of forewing and
thorax mixed lavender-grey and apple-green ; large apical patch on hindwiiig
black.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 57 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guiaea, 6,000-7,000 ft., February
1911 (A. S. Meek), 2 ?$.

47. Stauropus mediolinea spec. nov.

<J. Antennae dark brown ; head and thorax mouse-grey ; abdomen slightly
browner.

Eoiewing pale mouse-grey, a double median irregular rufous band, the outer
part only reaching median vein, basad from this some traces of zigzag lines
and spots also rufous ; a terminal line of black and white dots. — — Hindwinge
darker mouse-grey with a terminal line of cuneate dark brown spots.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 58 mm.

Habitat. Chung-Kiang, West China, August 1911, 1 o.

48. Stauropus incisus spec. nov.

?. Antennae dark brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish grey mixed
with white hairs.

Forewing white ; base and basal four-fifths of wing below median and vein 2
olive-green into which runs a pure white wedge-shaped patch from median on
which are some scarlet scales ; rest of wing clouded and speckled with scarlet,

green, and dark grey scales and spots. Hindwing greyish brown-cinnamon,

a black subapical streak.

Length of forewing : 20 mm. Expanse : 45 ram.

Habitat. Ogrugu, Niger.

49. Stauropus apiculatus spec. nov.

(J 9- Antennae deep brown ; head and thorax pale maroon-cinnamon ;
abdomen cinnamon-broA^n, last segment and anal tuft ash-grey.

Forewing claret -cumamon ; base, inner margin below vein 1, a large lunate

246 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1017.

postdiscal patch, and a smaller patch below vein 3 pinkish silver-grey.

Hindwings cinnamon-brown.

Length of forewing : <J 21 mm., ?28mm. Expanse: o 47 mm., $ 63 mm.

Habitat. Penang, January— April 1898 (Curtis), 2 36, I ? (type ?) ; 1 ?
Khasia Hills, April 1897 (Native coll.).

50. StauTopus notodontina spec. nov.

S. Antennae dull brown ; head dirty white ; thorax grey freckled «itl\
white and cinnamon brown-grey.

Forewing : basal tliree-fifths slate-grey clouded with paler grey, a double
semicoalescing antemedian black line and a postmedian dark serrated band
beyond which is a broad black sharply angulated line separating the basal
three-fifths from rest of wing, an indication of a discocellular stigma ; outer two-
fifths of wing pale ash-grey, a dark grey streak from co.sta to vein 4 out.'-ide

angled band ; a black marginal hair-line. Hindwing dirty w hite with brownish

grey shaggy hair at base and on abdominal area, a black torr.al spot and a dark
grey terminal hair-line ; fringe chequered grey and white with two black spots
near toinus.

?. Larger ; forewing ground-colour uniform, grey bands and lines very dis-
tinct, angled black band broken between veins 2 and 3. Hindwings cinnamon-
grey with a darker and paler double median line.

Length of forewing : S 25 mm., 9 29 mm. Expanse : S 57 mm., $ 67 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam, May 1897 (Nat. coll.), 5 S6, 4 ?? (9 type).

51. Stauropus bipunctus spec. nov.

$. Similar to the last but more uniform grey.

Forewing mouse-grey with paler and darker shadowy serrated lines ; two
black spots obliquelj' vertical, one in cell and one below- median, a postmedian
serrated black band from costa to vein 4 outside, which is a black costal patch

from which runs a dark grey serrated line also to vein 4. Hindwings yellowish

grey.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 60 mm.

Habitat. Penang, January 1897 (Curtis), 1 ?.

52. Cascera albiscripta spec. nov.

9. Antennae black-brown ; head white, vertex huffish green ; tegulae
huffish green, rest of thorax buffi.-h green shaded with pale brown and sprinkled
with white ; abdomen bronzy wood-brown.

Forewing olive-bronze, basal three-fifths with double white spots on costa,
inside of cell white, reaching beyond median near base ; an antemedian white
curved hah-line and a dumbbell white patch bej-ond it below median ; a large
black reniform stigma and beyond it a broad white oblique band reaching from
costa to vein 2 ; subterminal and terminal area whitish with cinnamon spots,
a zigzag white line bordering it basad. Hindwing : basal half bronz}- wood-
brown, outer half darker.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 55 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Gumea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 1 9.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 247

53. Cascera albiscripta virens .^ub,sp. nov.

?. Similar to a. albiscripta but paler bronzy olive-green.
Habitat. Angabunga River, affluent of St. Joseph's River, British New
Guinea, November 1904— February 1905 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

54. Cascera marginata spec. nov.

9. Antennae bro\vn ; head browuLsh buff ; thorax creamy brown, tegulae
and patagia on inner side broadly with hairs tipped with white ; abdomen
brownLsh cinnamon.

Forewing dirty w hite variegated with streak.s ard cloudings of olive-brown,
a deep chocolate stigma and a square pure white patch between basal half of
veins 2 and 3 ; outer fourth of wing and area below median nervure chocolate-
brown suffused with olive ; some indistinct whitish lines and spots in area below
median and an irregular white marginal line. Hindwing brownish cinnamon.

Length of forewing ; 25 mm. Expanse : 56 mm.

Habitat. Ninaj' Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3.500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 1 ? type ; near Oetakwa
River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3,500 ft., October — December
1910 (A. S. Meek), 2 ??.

55. Cascera flavovirens .spec nov.

?. Antennae brown ; head vinaceous mixed with cream-white ; tegulae
claret-colour edged with greenish white, patagia pale yellowish sea-green mixed
with white and edged with claret-colour ; rest of thorax and abdomen cinnamon.

Forewing mossy yellowish sea-green variegated with darker and whitish
lines and clouds ; costa with alternate maroon and white oblique bands and
patches, a large antemedian angled maroon patch below median with white spot
in angle, a pale maroon stigma, a white patch above vein 2, a broad irregular
postdiscal maroon band, and a subterminal line of maroon and white cuneate
spots. Hindwings cinnamon.

Length of forewing : 28 mm. Expanse : 63 mm.

Habitat. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountams, Dutch New Guinea, up to
3,500 ft., October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 9.

56. Cascera olivacea olivacea spec. nov.

cJ 9. Antennae rusty brown ; head olive mixed with white ; tegulae orange-
buff, dark brown at base, rest of thorax buff washed with olive and with central
dark brown spot ; abdomen dark cinnamon.

Forewing velvety olive-brown, with irregular buff and green baso-subbasal
marks, costa with white and olive on greenish buff markings, a central irregular
olive-buff patch clouded with olive-brown and sharply reduced to half its width
from base of vein 2 and with a large and smaller dark olive-brown patch above
median ; a white patch above vein 2 and an olive-buff zigzag subterminal line ;
frmge golden olive. Hindwing dark cmnamon.

Length of forewing : o 25 mm., 9 27 mm. Expanse : cJ 57 mm., 9 61 mm.

Habitat. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to
3,500 ft., October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 o^ 1 9.

248

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

56a. Cascera olivacea flavolavata sub.sp. nov.

<J. Differs from o. olivacea in being much paler and looks as if it had been
soaked in a sulphur bath.

Habitat. Ninay Valley, Central Aifak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 1 o'.

57. Cascera irrorata spec. nov.

<J. Antennae rufous brown ; head cinnamon ; tegulae cmnamon, hairs
along edges tipped with white, rest of thorax dark cinnamon-brown with many
hairs tipped with white ; abdomen rufous cuinamon.

Forewing bright chocolate slightly washed with olive and streaked and
lined irregularly with pale whitish pink ; a white mark under median near
base and an oval white patch on vein 2 ; an irregular sinuate \^hite subter-
minal line; fringe mLxed pale grey and brown. Hindwings dark cinnamon.

Length of forewing : 2r5 mm. Expanse : 49 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Giinea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 1 <J.

57o. Cascera iiTorata paUida subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from i. irrorata in the forewings beuig paler and more washed
with olive and the white and pinkish white mar knag much extended.

Habitat. Nmay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 1 3.

58. Cascera perscripta spec. nov.

cJ ?. Antennae brown ; head brownish buff ; tegulae brownish orange-buff,
rest of thorax deep chniamon-brown mixed with cream-white ; abdomen
cinnamon.

Forewii.g velvety olive-green scribbled all over with pale buff lines and
streaks, those in centre of disc tinged with bright pink. Hindwing cuniamon.

Length of forewing : S 23 mm., ? 25 mm. Expanse : cJ 51 mm., $ 56 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5,000-7,000 ft.,
February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 2 cJcJ, 6 $?.

59. Cascera variegata spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown, basal three segments white ; head cream-white ;
tegulae amber-yellow mixed with buff, rest of thorax amber-brown mixed with
white and olive-green ; abdomen cinnamon.

Forewing golden olive-bronze, banded, spotted, and streaked with buff,

white, and pink, a postdiscal cloud-band of bronzy green. Hindwings dark

cinnamon.

?. Larger and darker.

Length of forewing : cJ 22 mm., ? 26 mm. Expanse : (J 49 mm., $ 57 mm.

Habitat. Nmay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3.500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 3 <J<J, 3 ??.

NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 249

60. Malocampa bucephaloides spec. nov.

cj. At fiist .sight this and the next species resemble the genus Phalera.
Antennae very large and long, heavily pectinated on basal three-fourths, bright
amber-brown ; head rusty chestnut ; thorax purple-chocolate, hinder half
densely sprinkled with white, giving it a roan colour ; abdomen cinnamon
rufous.

Forewing rusty chocolate-brown ; base dark grey edged with white, a
broad central band 7 mm. wide of greyish mauve irrorated with black scales,
this band is Ul defined on the basal side, spreading far towards base below median,
on the distad side it is sharply defined bj- a concave transverse triple line first
black, then white, then rufous orange, the black portion of this line is sharply
angled inwards ; the outer two-fifths of the wing are rufous chocolate fading

into greyish cloudy mauve ; fruige rufous and grey. Hindwmg cinnamon rufous

tinged with brown, an angled rufous-cream postmedian band ; fringe rufous white.

Length of forewing : 35 mm. Expanse : 78 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 <J.

61. Malocampa phaleroides spec. nov.

cJ. Verj' closely allied to the last species. Antennae brownish amber-yellow ;
head rusty chestnut ; thorax purple-chocolate, hinder edges and hind edge of
patagia with the hairs tipped with dirty white ; abdomen rusty cinnamon.

Forewing bro^vnish cinnamon-chocolate washed with yellowish grey ; a
double discocellular stigma ; base of wing obliquely violet-chocolate ; a sub-
basal white band starting from vein 1 runs obliquely to costa and along latter
except outer one-third, and spreads to subcostal vein, and slightly beyond it ;
a postdiscal double lunate crenulate mauve and brown shadow-line, and a sub-
terminal line of mauve and brown spots ; fringe rusty rufous.- Hindwing

cinnamon rufous with darker median line edged outwardly with rusty white
ending in a chocolate and white tornal patch ; frmge rusty rufous.

Length of forewing : 35 mm. Expanse : 79 mm.

Habitat. La Oroya, Rio Inambaii, Peru, 3,100 ft., September 1904 (G.
Ockenden), 2 3S.

62. Rhuda opalistriga spec. nov.

(J ?. Similar to difficilis Schaus, but smaller, and the baso-subbasal streak
prolonged in a band along four-fifths of vein 1, and consisting of an opalescent
blue band with a white central line ; above this band the brown colour runs in
a perfectly straight oblique band below the pale pmk fascia and ends on vein 2
one-sixth from termen in a round black spot.

Length of forewing. Expanse.

difficilis, S 31 mm., § 37 mm. . . . cJ 70 mm., ? 83 mm.

opalistriga, <S 25 mm., $ 29 mm. . . . <? 56 mm., S 64 mm.

Habitat. Amazons, 1 ? ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M.
Klages), 1 iJ type.

250 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

63. Rhuda posttriangulum spec. nov.

(J. Differs from iuisa Schaus in the forewiiig being narrower and more
pointed, and in the baso-subbasal bluish white oblique band being prolonged
farther along vein 1. On the hindwing in the absence of the terminal brown
band, in having an indistinct or rather ill-defined dirty brown bar running up
from tornus to almost base of wing, and in the termen being deeply concave not
convex, and the apex and tornus are produced to long blunt points, making
the wing absolutely triangular instead of rounded. The hindwing is yellow
suffused with dirty brownish grej'.

Length of forewing : 31 mm. Expanse : 69 mm.

Habitat. Potaro, British Guiana, May 1908 (S. M. Klages), 3 <?<? type ;
Omai, British Guiana, June 1908 (S. M. Klages), 1 S.

64. Hoplitis cimiamomea spec. nov.

(J ?. Close to strigata Moore. Antennae deep rufous ; head brown ; thorax
grey, slightly mixed with brown hairs ; abdomen rufous cinnamon.

Forewing rufous cinnamon ; costa and a concave band from apex curving
round to middle of costa deep rufous ; within this line and just behind it three
pale grey patches ; a slate-grej' cloudj' patch in centre of disc ; termen and
inner margin from vein 4 to middle of inner margin including vein 1 broadly

slate-grey ; a large deep rufous patch above tornus. Hindwing semihyaline

white, a blackish patch at tornus.

Length of forewmg : 33 mm. Expanse : 75 mm.

Habitat. Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dvitch New Gumea,
3,500 ft., November 1908— January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 3 63, 1 ? (<J type).

65. Hoplitis insignifica spec. nov.

$. Antennae rufous brown, shaft grey ; head and thorax dirty brownish
mouse-grey, a dark streak in centre of thorax and on patagia ; abdomen dirty
brown-grey.

Forewing mouse-grey with dark grey streaks on costa ; ante- and post-
median dark grey lines. Hindwing dirty white, passing into grey-browni along

costa, apex, and termen ; an ash-grey and dark patch at tornus.

Length of forewing : 34 mm. Expanse : 74 mm.

Habitat. Dammer Island, November 1898 (H. Kiihn). 2 $?.

66. Hoplitis dasychiroides spec. nov.

?. Antennae shaft crimson, pectinations black ; head and thorax mouse-
grey ; abdomen greyish white, a root patch on first segment.

Forewing mouse-grey ; three or four black-brown lines run from costa
across cell to median nervure and some oblique dark grey bands one-third from
apex on costo-subcostal area ; a postdiscal curved and slightly sinuous black

line and a shadowy darker grey subterminal bai:d. Hindwing semihyaline

white, outer one-third slate-grey. Second specimen forewing more brownish.

Length of forewing : 31 mm. Expanse : 68 mm.

Habitat. Isumeb, IS. W. African Protectorate.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 251

67. Hoplitis curvatula spec. nov.

(J. Very curiously curved and narrow forewings. Antennae black ; frons
orange-buff, vertex dark brown-grey ; thorax greyish olive mixed with dirty
buff, tegulae edged with black ; some black on thorax ; abdomen sooty brown
ringed with dirty white, anal tuft orange.

Forewing costa ver}- strongly convex and outer one-third strongly curved
downwards ; termen from apex abruptly truncated and excised at tornus, giving
the narrow wing a unique appearance ; olive-brown washed and splashed with
patches of deep moss-green ; in cell running from costa is a truncated black x,
and on outer one-third of costo-subcostal area are black bands and spots, and a

large black mark above tornus. Hindwii:gs : basal two-thirds white ; long hair

on abdominal area buff ; outer one-third black-brown ; some black streaks above
tornus.

Length of forewing : 42 mm. Expanse : 93 mm.

Habitat. Kasai River, Congo Region.

68. Chadisra albobnmnea spec. i:ov.

?. Antennae brown, basal five joints cream-colour ; head buff, palpi brown ;
tegulae buff, patagia chocolate, rest of thorax yellowish grey ; abdomen greyish
cinnamon.

Forewing : basal half obliquely chocolate-brown ; costal area, some marks
above vein 1 and in cell amber-brown ; outer half whitish grey suffust d with
very pale olive ; a similar coloured patch runs up from the inner margin into
the basal half of wing, and a deep brown jjatch runs into the wing from costa
near apex. Hindwing dirty wood-browr. a dark spot above tornus.

(J. Similar, but duller and ]5aler ; the two halves of forewing less distinctly
different in colour and hindwing pale whitish grey.

Length of forewing : (J 25 mm., ? 30 mm. Expanse : c? 56 mm., 2 67 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, A.-sam, December 1895 (Nat. coll.), 1 cj, 3 $$ ($

type).

69. Chadisra meeki spec. nov.

(J. Antemiae dark brown ; head and thorax dark coffee-brown mixed with
cinnamon-buff hairs ; abdomen bright cinnamon, anal segment with black
hair-lines.

Forewing : basal two-fifths dark brown, edge of inner margin and a patch
near base of costa brownish buff, this dark brown area deeply incised between
veins 1 and 2 ; outer three-fifths of wing dull isabel-buff clouded and streaked
with yellowish olive and blackish brown ; a black brown patch on and under
costa just before apex. Hindwing : basal two-thirds dirtj' buff ; outer one-
third brownish cimiamon, a brown streak above tornus.

Length of forewing : 29 mm. Expanse : 66 mm.

Habitat. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5,000-7,000 ft., January
1911 (A. S. Meek), 3 cJ(J.

252 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

70. Chadisra striata striata spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown ; head buff mixed with black hairs ; tegulae buff
mixed with black hairs, rest of thorax black mixed with brownish hairs ;
abdomen brownish buff.

Forewing greyish cinnamon with broad black band like longitudinal streaks
from base to termen, and a number of blackish vertical striations ; a median

sinuous and strongly angled black line. Hindwing buff, margins pale

cinnamon, a dark brown spot above tornus.

?. Larger.

Length of forewing : (J 22 mm., ? 25 mm. Expan.se : cJ 50 mm., $ 56 mm.

Habitat. Kumusi River, North-east British New Guinea, low elevation,
August 1907 (A. S. Meek), 1 <?, 1 $ (cj type) ; Upper Area River, British New
Guinea, April 1903 (A. S. Meek), 1 <J.

71. Chadisra striata divisa subsp. nov.

?. Differs fi'om S. striata in the basal half obliquely being strongly suffused
with brown, thus dividing the wing into two parts.

Habitat. Goodenough Island, 2.500-4,000 ft.. May 1913 (A. S. Meek), 2 ??.

72. Chadisra plagosa spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brownish buff ; head, thorax, and abdomen huffish wood-
brown.

Forewing huffish cinnamon with a number of indistinct zigzag brownish
lines ; a pale greenish subbasal patch under costa, basal one-fourth of wing
paler, more huffish ; a large black-brown sharply angled band runs from median
to tornus and from median to near base of inner margin ; all below this band
brownish slate-grey ; a large subapical patch pale lavender-grey tinged with
green. Hind wings wood -brown ; fringe, base, and median shadow huffish.

Length of forewing: 21 mm. Expanse: -17 mm.

Habitat. Warri, Niger, April 1897 (Dr. Roth), 1 <J.

73. Tarsolepis rufobrunnea spec. nov.

(J. Antennae deep brown, pectinations short ; head and thorax vinaceous
chocolate ; abdomen deep brown, no crimson tuft on underside.

Forewing deep rufous chocolate ; basal two-thu'ds of costal area entirely
suffused with pale mauve and freckled ; silver patches as in sommeri, but much
larger ; submarginal area washed strongly with vinaceous and with four lines,

inner one orange-buff, outer three various shades of brown. Hindwings paler

chocolate.

Length of forewing : 37-49 mm. Expanse : 83-109 mm.

Habitat. Travancore (Place), 1 S type; Khasia Hills, Assam (Nat. coll.),
1 3.

74. Tarsolepis sericeus spec. nov.

$. Antennae dark rufous brown ; head and thorax deep rufous chocolate ;
abdomen sooty blackish grey, anal segment buft' with dark brown streaks and
two large fan-shaped and pointed buff tufts.

Forewing vinaceous chocolate streaked and clouded with cinnamon so ;vs

NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 253

to resemble watered silk ; termen deeply serrated with pale median streak
to each tooth ; a yellow quadrate spot under middle of vein 4. — - — Hindwing
golden bufi suffused with brown-grey.

Length of forewing : 34 mm. Expanse: 77 mm.

Habitat. Java.

75. Phalera postaurantia spec nov.

(J. Antennae black, pectinations very long ; head and thorax rufous and
buff mixed, patagia and patch at back of thorax grey tipped with white ; abdo-
men orange ringed indistinctly with brownish orange.

Forewing vmaceous wood-brown suffused with grey and white, becoming
whiter towards inner margm ; a double antemedian line, inner less pronounced
rusty brown, outer black ; a postdiscal double line of coalescent lunules, inner
black, outer dark rufous ; an apical olive-buff patch below which is an irregular

heavy black angled line. Hindwings golden orange ; edge of termen and

nervures black.

Length of forewing : 27 mm. Expanse : 60 mm.

Habitat. Itumba, German East Africa (Dr. Baxter), 1 <J type ; Mpuapua,
German East Africa (Dr. Baxter), 1 <?.

76. Phalera elongata spec. nov.

(J ?. This species is distinct from all others by its long and narrow wings
and long silken hair on the body.

Antennae rusty rvifous, pectinated in both sexes, shorter in $ ; head and
thorax golden buff, margins of tegulae and two median transverse lines deep
rufous, hind part of thorax clothed with long silky sooty brown hairs, patagia
white edged with grey ; abdomen clothed with long silky hair, basal segment
sooty brown, anal segment and tuft buff washed with dirty grey ; rest of abdomen
orange.

Forewing brown-grey washed with pink ; base white, a subbasal black-
brown Ime, followed by seven indefuiite darker grey crenulate and sinuate
Imes ; ajiical one-fourth to veui 3 buff with darker buff clouding, bordered inwardly
by a bright rufous and brown double concave band, black streaks in buff on
veins 3 and 4. Hindwings sericeous bronzy grey-brown.

Length of forewing : <^ 28-30 mm., $ 33 mm. Expanse : <? 62-66 mm.,
? 75 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam, February 1896 (Nat. coll)., 2 JcJ, 1 $ (<J
type).

77. Phalera inexpectata spec. nov.

(J. Antennae black ; head cream-white ; thorax white ; tegulae, a median
convex band and three spots behind dirty black-brown, tegulae being palest ;
abdomen white washed with brownish and with broad brown rings on each
segment, anal tuft brownish white.

Forewing vinaceous brown on outer one-third freckled with white scales, basal
two-thirds cream-white freckled densely with vmaceous scales thickest on basal
one-third and least in cell and round discocellulars ; base white with black dot ;
this freckling gives the forewing a roan appearance ; an antemedian deep purple

254 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

line angled in cell, joined to which outwardlj- is a similarly coloured wedge-
shaped patch on median ; a similarly coloured wedge spot beyond middle of
costa and a .small spot below it on inner margin. Hindwing white, outer one-
fourth browii-grey.

Length of forewuig : 34-39 mm. Expanse : 76-88 mm.

Habitat. Ilesha, South Nigeria (Captain Humishrey), 2 <J(J.

78. Rifargia cossoides spec. nov.

S. Antennae: shaft dark brown, pectinations short, amber-brown ; head and
thorax deep chocolate-brown, hind part of thorax pale greenish grey, edge of
tegulae dark rufous ; abdomen rufous cinnamon-chocolate, anal segment above
greenish grey, anal tuft mixed greenish grey and rufous.

Forewing : basal one-third above median fold deep chocolate-brown with some
dark rufous marks, a deep chocolate-brown apical patch tinged with rufous,
rest of wing greenish grey washed with brownish with a number of more or less
obsolete double brownish sinuate bands, a black crenulate-angulate sub-
terminal haii-line.^ Hindwing deep brownish chocolate, a median paler in-
definite band, and a grey and black tornal patch. $ similar but paler, and
light part of forewing whitish grey with no greenish tinge.

Length of forewing : 32-38 mm. Expanse : 72-87 mm.

Habitat Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 5 ,S3
type ; Santo Antonio do Javary, Upper Amazons, ^lay 1907 (S. M. Klages),
1 (? ; Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, April 1905 (S. M. Klages),
1 (J ; Christianeburg, Rio Demerara, British Guiana, 1 5.

79. Rifargia terebroides spec. nov.

cJ. This insect looks exactlj' like a melanistic Cossus terehra.

Antennae serrate, shaft black, serrations amber-brown ; head and thorax
sooty brown, two transverse black lines on the tegulae ; abdomen brownish
cinnamon-chocolate, first two segments suffused with sooty brown.

Forewing olivaceous cinnamon suffused, clouded, and patched with sooty
brown, greyish moss-green, and dark grey, giving the wing at fii'st sight a mummy-
brown appearance ; subbasal and antemedian somewhat obliterated double
crenulate black lines, a greenish brown oval stigma, two double postmedian
bands, the first sooty brown, sinuate, reaching inner margin where it meets a
white spot, the second black, convexly curved, only reaching vein 3, two subapical

black streaks and a black crenulate subterminal hair-line. Hindwing dull

brownish chocolate.

Length of forewing : 31 mm. Expanse : 70 mm.

Habitat. Potaro, British Guiana, Jlay 1908 (S. M. Klages), 3 SS type ;
Tumatumari, British Guiana, January 1908 (S. M. Klages), 1 S ', British Guiana
bought at Georgetown (Rev. M. \Vhitford), 1 S ; Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym
Valley, Surinam, March— April 1905 (S. M. Klages), 2 <?<?; Fonte Boa, Upper
Amazons, October 1906 (S. M. Klages), 2 ^S.

80. Rifargia biplaga spec. nov.

(J. Antennae dark rufous brown ; head and thorax black-brown, out half
of tegulae rufous brown ; abdomen brownish cinnamon.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 191". 255

Forewing black-brown slightly variegated with paler brown and olive ; basal
one-thii-d to vein 1 deeper black-brown, a basal dull cinnamon patch below
vein 1, a long black apical streak and two large lavender-grey patches on vein 1,

reaching inner margin below it and halfway to vein 2 above it. Hmdwing

dirty cinnamon wood-brown with traces cf paler central cloud-band.

Length of fore'sring : 32 mm. Expanse : 72 mm.

Habitat. Tinguri, Carabaya, South-east Peru, 3,400 ft., August 1904 (G.
Ockenden), 4 cJo type; La Oroya, Carabaya, 3,100 ft., September 1905 (G.
Ockenden), 1 o.

81. Rifargia basiplaga spec. nov.

S ?. Antennae sooty black ; head and thorax chestnut-brown , tegulae and
patagia mixed with brownish buff ; abdomen sooty brown.

Forewing : basal one-thhd cinnamon, rusty brown to vein 1, edged and rayed
with rufous chocolate, outer two-thirds of wing and all below vein 1 dark dull
brown ; above vein 3 on outer two-thirds of forewing densely suffused and
sprmkled with whitish grey, a po^tmedian suiuous rufous hah-line and black

termmal hair-lme. Hindwing sooty black-brown, base suff"used slightly with

cinnamon.

Length of forewing : cj 23-26 mm., $ 28 mm. Expanse : <J 51-59 mm.,
$ 63 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 2 $S type ; Potaro, British
Guiana, April — May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 2 oo ; Rio Demerara, British Guiana,
2 ?? ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May — October 1906 (S. M. Klages), 5 SS.

82. RiJargia steinbachi spec. nov.

(J. This and the following species are distinguished by their long, narrow,
and pointed wings.

Antennae amber-brown ; head cinnamon-brown ; thorax greenish grey ;
abdomen rufous cinnamon.

Forewing rusty cinnamon above median fold, shaded and clouded with
mossy olive-grey and green ; outer one-fifth of wing and all below median fold
dark olive mouse-grey ; a Ijand from base along basal one-thiid of median fold
and a broad ill-defined zigzag cloud-like band from one-fifth before apex obliquely

to below middle of median fold rusty brown-black. Hindwing white washed

with brown on termen and abdominal area. The Fonte Boa 3 is much more
rufous on forewing, but is much rubbed.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 59 mm.

Habitat. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 2,438 ft., August 1906— April 1907
(J. Steinbach), 1 S type; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M.
Klages), 1 (J.

83. Rifargia muscosa spec. nov.

cj. Antennae dark brown, serrations amber-yellow ; head chestnut rufous ;
tegulae chestnut rufous edged with soot-brown black, rest of thorax soot-
brown black mixed with green-grey ; abdomen first two segments chestnut
rufous, sides golden orange, rest of abdomen and anal tuft sooty black with a few
scattered yellow hairs, lateral line except on last two segments golden orange.

256 NoriTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

Forewing mossy grey-green densely mottled with black and tinged in centre
with pale cinnamon rose ; an antemedian double black line and two or indistinct
postmedian crenulated ones, a crenulated marginal black line ; an orange basal

tuft below vein 1. Hindwing : centre grey; veins and portion dull brown;

base and abdominal one-fourth golden orange on which is a dark brown smear.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 57 mm.

Habitat. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, April 1905 (S. M.
Klages), 1 (?.

84. Rifargia intermedia spec. nov.

S. Is intermediate between picta Schaus and merita Schaus, having the
continuous median longitudinal bard of merita and pale band above vein 1 of
ficta, but differs from both in its golden buff coloration.

Antennae brown ; head and thorax orange rufous, patagia dirty greenish
mouse-grey ; abdomen yellowish cinnamon.

Forewing vinaceous cinnamon, median band from base of costa to middle
of termen brownish buff washed with pink ; the band above vein 1 buff washed

on outer half with grey. Hindwing golden buff slightly suffused with brown

on margin. ? larger, darker; hindwing suffused with brown.

Length of forewing : S 24 mm., ? 29 mm. Expanse : S 54 mm., ? 64 mm.

Habitat. San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1909 (S. M. Klages), 5 <J<J, 1 $.

85. Anita gigas spec. nov.

S. Antennae black-brown ; head and thorax slate-grey variegated with
white ; abdomen slate-grey.

Forewing slate-grey ; costal area and subbasal one-fifth white streaked with
grey ; rest of wing with lines of darker grey barely showing up from ground-
colour ; a subterminal zigzag black line. Hindwing brownish slate-grey.

Length of forewing ; 33 mm. Expanse : 73 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 2 So.

86. Cargetta albostigmata spec. nov.

(?. Antennae: shaft cinnamon grey, pectinations black; head and thorax
sooty brown-black, a few kregular marks more rusty ; abdomen sooty grey-
brown.

Forewing sooty black-brown, paler towards termen, a few darker lines near

base apparently of raised scales ; a white spot at end of cell. Hindwing

grey -brown.

Length of forewing : 21 mm. Expanse : 48 mm.

Habitat. Goodenough Island, 2,500—4,000 ft., AprU 1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 <J.

87. Cargetta flavibasis spec. nov.

(J. Anteimae sooty black ; head and palpi sooty black-brown with buff
and white scales ; thorax sooty black-brown ; abdomen dark wood-brown.

Forewing sooty black-brown, with some fauit traces of rusty markings ; a
black dot in white ring below middle of subcosta, white dots along outer one-

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 257

third of costa and a subterminal line of similar dots and a few one-fourth from
termen ; three raised dots of scales in centre of disc and some patches of dark

green scales along upper or costal portion of wing. Hindwing : basal half

huffish yellow, outer half sooty brown-black.

$. Similar, but has either the forewLng with patches of dark green scales all
over and a rusty patch beyond cell or entirely dark green with some discal sinuate
brown-grey lines.

Length of forewing : cj 21-24 mm., ? 25-28 mm. Expanse : 3 47-53 mm.,
? 55-61 mm.

Habitat. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to
3,500 ft., October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 S type; Upper Setekwa
River, Snow Mountains, 2,000-3,000 ft., August 1910 (A. S. Meek), 2 $? ; Kumusi
River, North-east New Gumea, low elevation. May 1907 (A. S. Meek), 1 <?.

88. Cargetta bipuncta spec. nov.

cJ ?. Antennae brown ; head olive ; thorax olive-grey on greyish olive ;
abdomen pale cinnamon-brown.

Forewing pale olive-green, subbasal, antemedian, and postmedian crenulate
smuous rusty cmnamon bands edged with brown ; a subterminal crenulate

brown line ; two white spots one above the other at end of cell. Hindwing

cinnamon grey-brown.

Length of forewuig : c? 22 mm., $ 26 mm. Expanse : cJ 49 mm., $ 58 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, North-east British New Guinea, 5,000 ft.,
February 1906 (A. S. Meek), 1 <J, 1 $ (? type).

89. Tumaca mediofascia spec. nov.

?. Antennae brown ; head and thorax vinaceous pink suffused with cinna-
mon-grey ; abdomen chocolate-cinnamon.

Forewing : costal half vinaceous pink suffused with grey and freckled with
rufous ; lower half dark chocolate-cinnamon freckled with grey ; a slightly
sinuous rufous band from base of cell to termen. Hindwing chocolate-
cinnamon.

Length of forewing : 28 mm. Expanse : 62 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam, AprU 1896 (Nat. coll.), 2 ??.

90. Turnaca phragmatoecioides spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown, pectinations rufous ; head and thorax bufi&sh brown
mixed with cream hairs ; abdomen greyish brown-bufif.

Forewing pale huffish phiky grey suffused with darker grey below median ;
three oblique brown streak-like spots on costa, a few scattered shadowy spots
on disc, and a postmedian curved line of intraneural black streaks. Hind-
wings white ; base and abdommal area buff.

Length of forewing : 22 mm. Expanse : 49 mm.

Habitat. Luebo, Kasai River (P. Landbeck), 1 (J.

17

258 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

91. Tumaca lanuginosa spec. nov.

(J. Very woolly ; anal tuft large. Antennae brown, shaft whitish ; head
and thorax huffish grey washed with cinnamon ; abdomen pinkish cinnamon,
anal tuft whitish.

Forewing pale pinkish cinnamon washed with grey with a number of cloud-
marks and freckled with rufous cinnamon ; a postdiscal lino of indLstmct darker
dots. Hmdwing rufous cinnamon.

Length of forewing : 21-22 mm. Expanse : 47-50 mm.

Habitat. Luebo, Kasai River (P. Landbeck), 1 ,S type ; Akassa to Onitsha,
River Niger (Dr. Cook), 1 <J.

I

92. Tumaca nigripuncta spec. nov.

<J. Antennae rufous brown ; head and thorax grizzled isabel-grey ; abdomen
isabel-grey, anal tuft grizzled.

Forewmg greyish Isabel ; costa and disc with numerous black-brown dots,
a black line from "base to termen along median fold, two curved postdiscal lines
of black-brown dots. Hindwing white.

Length of forewing : 17-21 mm. Expanse : 38-48 mm.

Habitat. Takwa, Gold Coast (R. E. James), 3 c?(J,

93. Baradesa omissa spec. nov.

(J ?. Very similar to lithosioides Moore, but smaller and duller ; has hitherto
been confused with lithosioides.

Differs in being duller above ; on forewmg the discal black dots except a
single postmedian line are absent, stigma more clLstinct ; hindwing has brown
outer portion much narrower ; the dark apex of abdomen does not reach so
far up the abdomen. Below the nervures are dark not yellow.

Length of Forewing. Expanse.

lithosioides, S 44-49 mm., $ 53 mm. . . S 97-107 mm., $ 115 mm.

omissa, S 38-41 mm., ? 45 mm. . . . S 84-90 mm., ? 98 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam (Nat. coll.), 7 ,J(J, 1 ? (type S) ; Mount
Tahan, Malay Peninsula (J. Waterstradt), 1 3 ; Gunong Ijau, Malay Penin-
sula, 1 (J. (Compared with 11 JcJ, 3 9$of lithosioides from Buxa Bhutan, Sikkim,
and Khasia HUls.)

94o. Euhampsonia niveiceps occidentalis subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from n. niveiceps in being much paler, and in the markings on
the forewings being almost obsolete.

Habitat. North-west Himalayas; Kumaon, July 1893 (J. G. Pilcher), 1 i
type; Kulu, 1 J; Dalhousie, July 1891, 1 S-

95. Euhampsonia magnifica spec. nov.

$. Antennae very large and heavily pectinated, amber-brown ; head and
thorax scarlet, a sooty patch at base and one at edge of tegulae, hindermost
part of thorax deeper red ; abdomen scarlet, last three segments vinaceous
red-brown.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 259

Forewing : basal one-fifth scarlet with basal and subbasal zigzag black lines,
the latter only to vein 1 ; rest of wing, basal half brick-red somewhat tinged
with brown and with two double lunate crenulate purple-grey cross-bands and
a small black stigma, outer half purplish sooty brown-grey with a huffish yellow
space between veins 4 and 1 just beyond middle of wing, 1 indistinct median
dark crenulate line and 2 postmedian distinct ones. Hindwings bright brick-
red washed slightly with grey on outer one-third.

Length of forewing : 62 mm. Expanse : 136 mm.

Habitat. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

96. Macronadata brunnea spec. nov.

(?. Uniform mummy-brown ; liindwings paler ; antemedian and post-
median lines dark rufous indistinct, a subterminal line of streaks chocolate
rufous, a large stigma.

Length of forewing : 22 mm. Expanse : 49 mm.

Habitat. Waya, Lado Enclave, June 1912.

97. Omichlis pseudolibatrix spec. nov.

?. Except the red colouring, this species has a general appearance of Sco-
liopteryx libatrix.

Antennae brown ; head brownish lavender-grey ; thorax pale wood-brown
suffused with lavender-grey ; abdomen pale sooty brown.

Forewings wood-brown tinged with yellow ; a yellowish grey stigma, on
basal half some indLstinct buff and dark subbasal spots, and beyond these some
incomplete serrated dark sinuous lines from costa to median vein, basal two-fifths
of inner margin and a large patch joining on to it buff strongly freckled with
rufous ; on outer half an oblique sooty crenulate line followed by two curved

lines of sooty coalescent lunules and a zigzag whitish subterminal line. Hmd-

wmg sooty grey-brown, a buff and rufous patch on abdommal fold above tornus.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 53 mm.

Habitat. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Gumea, up
to 3,500 ft., October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

98. Omichlis plusiotis spec. nov.

(J ?. Antennae brown above, white below ; head frons dark rufous, vertex
white ; thorax vinaceous brown, patagia dark rufous ; abdomen sooty vinaceous
brown.

Forewing vinaceous yellowish grey freckled with dull rufous and -nith
some indistinct cloudy streaks ; a subbasal chocolate patch below vein 1 fol-
lowed by a sUver line from median fold to iimer margin consisting of two joined
silver moons ; an oblique median dark brown band between which and the
silver line is a rufous mark, a curved postmedian dark sooty grey Ime, and a
crenulate dark rufous subterminal line. ^Hindwing rufous chocolate grey-
brown, a sUver dot above tornus.

Length of forewmg : <J 23 mm., ? 21 mm. Expanse : S 52 mm., ? 47 mm.

Habitat. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up

260 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

to 3,500 ft., October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 <J type ; Upper Setekwa
River, Snow Mountains, 2,000-3,000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek), 1 <? ; Ninay
Valley, Central Arfak Mountain.s, Dutch New Guinea, 3,500 ft., November 1908—
January 1909 (A. E. Pratt), 1 ?.

99. Omichlis mediofasciata spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown, shaft pale cuinamon ; head mixed pale grey and
cinnamon ; thorax brownish cinnamon washed with grey ; abdomen cinnamon-
brown.

Forewmg vinaceous cinnamon ; stigma pale rufous, two antemedian and
one postmedian double darker lines, between the stigma and the postmedian
double line is a sooty smgle line from below subcostal vein to inner margin ; a
heavy chocolate rufous band from base to termen at vem 5 (angle) along median.

Hind wing brownish cinnamon, some irregular rufous-brown marks above

tornus.

Length of forewing : 22 mm. Expanse : 50 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, North-east New Guinea, 5,000 ft., AprU
1906 (A. S. Meek), 2 S3.

100. Pachychira excellens spec. nov.

(?. Antennae rufous ; head vinaceous mauve ; thorax vinaceous mauve
passing into cream-bufi behind ; abdomen creamy white sufiused with mauve.

Forewing bright heliotrope-mauve with strong silvery gloss ; a buff stigma,
a mauve luae from base along median to vem 4 where it is sharply angled upwards
and reaches apex ; below this line are a number of cloudings giving a watered
silk appearance ; a subapical duUer more sooty mauve patch ; there is a large
projecting lappet from mner margin. Hindwing white.

Length of forewing : 32 mm. Expanse : 73 mm.

Habitat. Prestea, 70 miles inland from Sekondi, Gold Coast.

101. Pachychira olivaceoJusca spec. nov.

5. Antennae brown ; head and thorax olivaceous mauve-brown ; abdomen
wood-brown.

Forewing mauve-brown, some dark olivaceous bufi markings and patches
in cell and on subterminal one-third of wing ; a deep chocolate rufous band

runs from middle of inner margin to just below apex. Hmdwmg wood-brown,

paler on costal half.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. E.xpanse : 58 mm.

Habitat. Moyamba, Sierra Leone (Dr. Cator), 1 ?.

102. Scalmicauda bisecta spec. nov.

?. Antennae dark brown ; head black-brown freckled with lavender-grey ;
tegulae black-brown ; rest of thorax greyish cinnamon mauve ; abdomen dark
buff.

Forewing greyish cinnamon-mauve, costal two-fifths, a wedge-shaped band
along postmedian line, and a patch behind tornus brownish chocolate ; two
oblique antemedian and an oppo.sitcly oblique postmedian Ime whitish, as are

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 261

the margins of a large hour-glass-shaped patch across cell and a quadrate one

beyond ; a subterminal row of chocolate and whitish lunulate dots. Hindwmg

bright buff.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 55 mm.

Habitat. Sierra Leone (Major Bambridge), 1 ? ; Assaba River, Niger (Dr.
Cator), 1 ?.

103. Moresa hieroglyphica spec. nov.

$. Antennae bufi, pectmations amber-yellow ; head bufi tinged with rust-
red ; thorax dark grass-green ; abdomen orange-buff, suffused with rufous at
base.

Forewmg dark grass-green ; costal one-fourth of wing buff, apical one-fifth
of this salmon-colour ; from cell partly coalescing with orange-buff stigma there
spreads a broad buff threefold band of crossed bars and digit-like bands to
termen, this band is tinged or splashed with rufous, a buff line fi'om it to inner
margin and one to vein 6. Hindwings buff suffused with salmon.

Length of forewing : 32 mm. Expanse : 69 mm.

Habitat. Teffe, Amazons, October 1907 (M. de Mathan), 1 ?.

104. Moresa obliquiiascia spec. nov.

cj. Antennae brownish buff ; head bright buff ■; thorax deep grass-green ;
abdomen salmon-orange.

Forewing deep grass-green ; costo-subcostal area buff, outer half washed
with brown ; an irregular broad oblique bar from middle of cell almost to tornus
deeply notched at each end buff with sooty grey splashes. Hindwuig salmon-
buff ; abdominal one-third salmon-colour.

Length of forewing : 22 mm. Expanse : 50 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 c?.

105. Moresa plumbeiplaga spec. nov.

?. Antennae black, pectinations amber-yellow ; head buff ; thorax deep
green ; abdomen brownish buff.

Forewing deep green, costal edge sooty black-brown ; a large irregular
oblique brownish leaden-grey patch from below middle of subcostal almost to
termen between vein 4 and just below vem 2j a small white streak followed
by some very minute white dots runs into wing from costa about one-fifth from
apex. Hindwing : costal one-thhd buff, rest of whig huffish salmon-pink.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 ?.

106. Rosema klagesi spec. nov.

<?. Antennae rufous brown ; head and thorax deep green ; abdomen crimson-
scarlet.

Forewing dark grass-green, costo-subcostal area buff' tmged with rufous
and brown expanduig from base of vein 6 and running thence to termen along
this vein ; a large oval pale olivaceous apple-green patch occupies the whig
from termen to one-third from base and from umer marghi to two-thuds the

262 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

space between veins 1 and 2. Hindwing white, costal one-fifth salmon-crimson,

abdominal one-fourth buff.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 56 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 4 <JcJ.

107. Apella acutidivisa spec. nov.

(J. Nearest to neohule Druce. Differs in forewing being entirely cinnamon-
buff and the oblique band being single not double and deep maroon rufous.
Hindwing paler and rosy cinnamon.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 4 cJo.

108. Apella ovalis spec. nov.

(J ?. Antennae pale brown ; head bright rufous ; thorax tegulae bright
rufous, rest of thorax cmnamon-buff ; abdomen yellowish cinnamon-buff.

Forewing : basal half obliquely cinnamon-buff faintly strigillated with brown,
outer half cmnamon-brown, an oblique dark rufous Ime from subcostal to tail
of inner margin separating the two halves of the wing ; just beyond the dividing
rufous line is an almost circular large cinnamon-grey patch just below subcostal
also faintly strigillated with brown ; a cinnamon-buff half-moon-shaped patch

on and below vein 1 in the centre of wing broadly edged with dark rufous.

Hindwing golden orange-buff.

Length of forewuig : 16 mm. Expanse : 35 mm.

Habitat. San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1909 (S. M. Klages), 1 S type;
Caracas, Venezuela, 1 $.

109. Masehane costipuncta spec. nov.

(J. Antennae dark brown ; head white suffused with brown ; thorax
tegulae orange-buff, rest of thorax violaceous browTi ; thorax rufous cinnamon
suffused with smoky brown.

Forewing rufous cmnamon suffused with smoky violaceous brown less
strongly on outer two-fifths, costa strongly bowed out beyond middle of wing,
a powdering of white scales on ai.d below costa ; one-third from base a curved

maroon-red patch runs into wing from costa. Hindwing bufhsh cinnamon

suffused with rufous cinnamon.

Some specimens are entirely rufous ciimamon without the smcky brown
suffusion.

Length of forewing : 17 mm. Expanse : 39 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 3 S6 type ;
St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, Z SS-

110. Dylomia nubiloviolaceus spec. nov.

(J ?. Antennae rufous ; head buffy yellow washed with rufous ; thorax
tegulae buffy orange, rest grey-cinnamon-buff ; abdomen rufous cinnamon-buff.

Forewing golden buff ; costal and terminal area broadly maroon-purple,
on the latter this colour is suddenly constricted between veins 5 and 7 and
from veui 5 to tornus, bordered inwardly by a darker line ; a double fan-shaped

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 263

brownish purple less strongly marked patch on each side of vein 1. Hindwings

buff washed with purplish rufous.

Length of forewing : 16 mm. Expanse : 36 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 7 S<S type ; St. Laurent de
Maroni (Le Moult pere), 1 S; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, June 1906 (S. M.
Klages), 3 ?? ; Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Suruiam, May^ — June 1905
(S. M. Klages), 1 ?.

111. Hapigia ruJocinnamomia spec. nov.

!? 9. Antennae rufous ; head and thorax rufous cinnamon strongly suffused
with purplish vhiaceous ; abdomen sooty grey -brown.

Forewmg violaceous cinnamon with a buff antemedian bandlike area, and
two postmedian buff patchlike areas, one near tornus above which is an orange
spot, and one near apex ; the whole wing crossed with numerous lines of coalescent
lunules, some with olivaceous centres ; an olivaceous stigma and olive sub-
apical spot. Hindwmgs smoky grey-brown.

Length of forewing : S 37 mm., ? 47 mm. Expanse : S 82 mm., ? 102 mm.

Habitat. Potaro, British Guiana, February 1908 (S. M. Klages), 3 $S, 1 '?
((Jtype); Omai, British Guiana, 1 cJ ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906
(S. M. Klages), 2 <?<?.

112. Antaea pseudosmerinthus spec. nov.

cj. At first sight resembles Laothoe amurensis. Antennae yellowish grey ;
head and thorax brown-grey suffused with vmaceous, distal half of patagia
freckled with ash-grey, a crimson smear at back of thorax ; abdomen dark grey-
brown.

Forewing pinkish grey washed somewhat with vinaceous, two antemedian
lines whitish edged outwardly with vinaceous, an ovoid vinaceous patch in
cell rmged with darker vinaceous and then whitish ; at the end of cell is a large
looped line between costa and median vein inside vmaceous and outside whitish,
the distal arm of the loop stained with scarlet ; a postmedian bent sinuate whitish
line edged outwardly with vinaceous ; a postdiscal similar line concavely curved
and slightly crenulate from costa to vein 4, strongly zigzag from vem 4 to vein 1,
from above vem 4 to vein 1 this line is strongly stained with scarlet ; the termen
has a deep brown terminal line and is deeply serrated, from apex to vein 4
the wmg is truncate and concave, from vem 4 to vein 1 it is obliquely cut off.
Huidwing dark sooty grey-bro\ra.

Length of forewing : 43 mm. Expanse : 95 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), \l S3
type ; Santo Antonio do Javary, Upper Amazons, June 1907 (S. M. Klages),
I (J; Humayta, Rio Madeira, July — September 1906 (W. Hoiimanns), 1 S.

Some specimens have some sooty patches on the intranervular spaces
between veins 2 and 4.

113. Chliora mediostriga spec. nov.

(J. Antennae brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen dark vinaceous cinnamon.

Forewing brownish orange-buff with numerous cross-lines of vinaceous

cinnamon coalescent lunules in basal and outer thirds of the wing ; central

264 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

one-third of wing with a broad band of vinaceous cinnamon narrowing to inner
margin from median (this band is 11 mm. wide at costa and 5 mm. at inner
margin, the outer edges are lunate-crenulate, and the band encloses two buff
stigmata) ; a double subterminal line of black lunules and a black central

striga from base to within one-fourth of termen along median and vein 4.

Hindwing pale vinaceous buffy cinnamon ; fringe buff.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 58 mm.

Habitat. Tumatumari, British Guiana, December 1907 (S. M. Klages),
1 (? type; Codaljas, Upper Amazons, April 1907 (S. M. Klages), 1 <? ; Fonte
Boa, Upper Amazons, November 1906 (S. M. Klages), 1 J.

114. Hapigiodes klagesi spec. nov.

cJ. Antennae dark brown ; head and thorax violaceous pomegranate-red ;
abdomen isabel bufiSsh washed with pale vinaceous.

Forewing purplish pomegranate-brown patched and suffused in several
places with maroon and washed with violaceous pink ; some sooty cloudy black
patches beyond cell, and a dark stigma and a black cloud patch occupying most
of wing below median round and above inner excision ; a curved postmedian
indistinct sooty hair-line with grey dots, a zigzag subterminal black hau--line.
— ■ — Hindwing grey-buff.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 57 mm.

Habitat. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, July 1907 (S. M. Klages), 2 <?<?.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIV. I917.

PL. III.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

No. 1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

Psilacron sericeus Rothsch.
Notoplusia distinguenda Rothsch.
Phalera postaurantia Rothsch. .
Maschane costi punctata Rothsch.
Dyasia punctata Rothsch. .
Stauropus glaucoviridis Rothsch.
,, rufescens Rothsch. <? .

„ purpurascens Rothsch.

5» J» ))

Apella ovalis Rothsch.
Moresa obliquifascia Rothsch. -
Lirimiris chiinaera Rothsch.
Stauropus nitidus Rothsch. $ -

flavicollis Rothsch.

apiculatus Rothsch. .

viridigriseus Rothsch. c
Tachida cossula Rothsch.
Drugera pallidiflava Rothsch.
Dyasia melanoleuca Rothsch.
Dylomia nubiloviolaceus Rothsch.
Stauropus viridigriseus Rothsch. 5
Lepasta bractea gigantea Rothsch.
Turnaca nigripuncta Rothsch. .
Stauropus frugilegus Rothsch. -

•

. p. 239

•"

■

- p. 240
. p. 253

~

- p. 262
. p. 236

—

- p. 242
. p. 244

-

- p. 244

<? .

. p. 242

? -

"

- p. 242
. p. 262

"

- p. 261
. p. 237

- p. 241
. p. 241

- p. 241
. p. 245

J* .

-

- p. 243

. p. 235

- p. 239
. p. 236

- p. 262

*

. p. 243

-

- p. 235
. p. 258

-

-

-

- p. 243

* Originally printed liridogrisea, by mistake.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XXIV. I917.

PL. IV.

EXPLANATIONS OF PLATE IV.

(Corrected)

No. 1. Gargetta albostigmata Rothsch. (Cargetta in text, err.) .

2. Hapigiodes klagesi Rothsch. -----

3. Oniichlis jjlusiotis Rothsch. .....

4. Bardaxima castaneobrunnea Rothsch. - - - -

5. Moresa IderoglypJiica Rothsch. .....

6. Hoplitis insignifica Rothsch. -----

7. Rifargia hiplaga Rothsch.. .....

8. Trichomoplata dimorpha Rothsch. $ -

9. Lirimiris elongata Schaus ?.....

10. ,, „ orientalis Rothsch. cJ -

11. ,, eurybia Druce ......

12. Tarsolepis japonica Wileman.

13. Gargetta bipimcia Rothsch. {Cargetta iii text, err.)

14. Lirimiris lemoulti Rothsch. -----

15. Macronadata brunnea Rothsch. .....

16. Brachychira olivaceojusca Rothsch. (Pac/jyc/z/m in text, err.

p-

256

p-

264

p-

259

p-

234

p-

261

p-

250

p-

254

p-

240

p-

237

p-

238

p-

237

p-

257

p-

237

p-

259

p-

260

EXPLANATIONS OF PLATE V.

No.

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Stauropus notodontina Rothsch. .

,, hipunctus Rothsch. -
Chadisra meeki Rothsch. .

,, albobrunnea Rothsch. -
Hoplilis dasychiroides Rothsch. .
Chadisra striata divisa Rothsch.
Naprepa jiisconuhilata Rothsch.

,, adusta Rothsch. -
Hapigia rufocinnamomea Rothsch.
Pachychira exceUens Rothsch.
Rifargia terebroides Rothsch.
Scalmicauda bisecta Rothsch.
Rhuda opalistriga Rothsch. o

„ ? -

Chadisra striata striata Rothsch.
Tarsolepis sericea Rothsch.
Chliora mediostriga Rothsch.
Gargetta flavibasis Rothsch. $ (Cargetta in text, err.)

p. 246
p. 246
p. 251
p. 251
p. 250
p. 252
p. 231
p. 231
p. 263
p. 260
p. 254
p. 260
249
249
252
252
263

p. 256

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIV. I917.

PL. V.

^^Jf^^i^"^^^

EXPLANATIONS OF PLATE VI.

No. 1. Trichomoplata stigmatica Rothscli. . . . . .

2. Stanropiis incisus Rothsch. --._..

3. Cascera variegata Rothsch. ......

4. Rifargia steinhachi Rothsch. ------

5. Turnaca lanuginosa Rothsch. ......

6. Cascera irrorata irrorata Rothsch. - - - . .

7. Euhampsonia gigantea (Druce) = Euhampsonia magnifica
Rothsch. ......

8. Baradesa omissa Rothsch. - - - -

9. ,, lithosioides Moore (for comparison)

10. Antaea pseudosmerinthtis Rothsch.

11. Hoplitis curvatula Rothsch.

12. Apella acutidivisa Rothsch.

13. Chadisra plagosa Rothsch.

14. Gargetta flavibasis Rothsch. <? (Cargetta in text, err.)

15. Omichlis mediofasciaia Rothsch.

16. „ pseudolihatrix Rothsch.

17. Cascera perscripta Rothsch.

18. „ olivacea olivacea Rothsch.

19. Moresa plumbeiplaga Rothsch. .

p. 241
p. 245
p. 248
p. 255
p. 25&
p. 248.

p. 258-
p. 258
p. 258
p. 263
p. 251
p. 262
p. 252
p. 256
p. 260
p. 259
p. 248
p. 247
p. 261

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIV. 1917.

PL. VI.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

No. 1.
2,

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

S.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Rifargia basiplaga Rothscli.
Cascera flavovirens RothscL.

„ marginata Rothsch.

,, albiscripta Rothsch.
Rifargia muscosa Rothsch.
Hoplitis cinnamomea Rothsch. -
Malocampa bucephaloides Rothsch

„ pkalernides Rothsch.

Rifargia cossoides Rothsch.
Phalera inexpectata Rothsch.
Tarsolepis rvfohrunnea Rothsch

Rifargia intermedia. Rothsch.
Turnaca tnediofascia Rothsch. -
Rhuda posttriangnlum Rothsch.
Turnaca pkragmatoecioides Rothscli.
Phalera elongata Rothsch.
Rosema klagesi Rothsch. -

((ype) .
(Khasia HiUs)

P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-

255
247
247
246
255
250
p. 249
p. 249
p. 254
p. 253
p. 252
p. 252
p. 256
257
250
257
253
261

P-
P-
P-
P-
P-

NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIV. I917.

PL. VII.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIIl.

No. 1. Spalalia a/finis Rothscli. .
„ 2. „ indislincta Rothscli.

,, 3. Nystalea nigriplaga Rothscli.

„ 4. Antiora affinis Rothsch. -

,, 5. Nystalea ocellata Rothsch..
,, 6. „ cossoides Rothsch.

,, 7. „ zeuzeroides Rothsch.

,, 8. Trichomoplata dhnorpha Rothsch

„ 9. Eragisa tenebrosa Rothsch.

,, 10. Lirimiris mirabilis Rothsch.

,, 11. Bardaxima molossus Rothsch.

,, 12. Dingera muscosa Rothsch.

„ 13. Stauropus triplagosus Rothsch

,, 14. „ affinis Rothsch.

„ 15. „ 7)iediolinea Rothsch.

„ 16. Arhacia postbriiiniea Roth.sch.

,, 17. Dyasia stigmatica Rothsch.

„ 18. Stauropus germanus Rothsch. c

,, 20. „ kiicoji/iaetis Rothsch.

,, 21. ,, viridijiitens Rothsch.

,, 22. ,, alboviridis Rothsch.

,, 23. Eragisa basijcra Rothsch.

,, 24. Psilacron divisa Rothsch. -

(germana

.

. p. 231

.

- p. 231

.

. p. 232

.

- p. 232

.

. p. 233

-

- p. 233

.

. p. 233

_

- p. 240

. p. 234

.

- p. 238

. p. 234

-

- p. 239

. p. 243

.

- p. 245

. p. 245

. - -

- p. 238

.

. p. 236

in text, en.)

- p. 244

.

. p. 244

.

- p. 243

. p. 242

- - -

- p. 244

.

. p. 234

.

- p. 240

NOVITATES ZOOLOGTCAR, VOL. XXIV. igi/.

PL. VIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 265

ON SOME RALLIDAE.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

I. THE NAME OP THE AFRICAN "PURPLE COOT."

THE large African Purple Coot or Purple Moorhen — Porphyria is next alHed
to the Moorhen, and not to the Coot — ^has been known as Porphyria sma-
ragnotus, smaragdonotus, or inadagascariensis, which names all refer to it, and it
has also been named chlorynothos, cldoronotus, and aegyptiacus. In 1894 Sharpe
introduced for it the name Porphyria porphyria, pretending that it was Linne's
" Fidica porphyria " of 1766, and this name was adapted by Reichenow, in the
Vogel A frikas, as of 1 758 !

Linnaeus {Syst. Nat. ed. x. i. p. 152, 1758) called Fulica porphyria a bird
which he diagnosed as follows : " Fulica fronte calva, corpore violaceo, digitis
simplicibus." He quotes as his sources : (1) " Brown, Jamaica, 479." Brown,
of course, described the American species! (2) " Albin, av. 3, p. 79, t. 84."
Albin figured and described a bird which is all over uniform purplish blue and
has a white tail. This can only be P. caeruleus and not the African species,
which has a green back. Albin does not say where the home of his bird was,
but refers to the one described by Plinius, Gesner, and Aldrovandus, who must
all have had P. caeruleus in their mind, though they mostly described it from
pictures only. (3) "Raj. av. 116, n. 13." Ray says he only saw pictures and
does not know if the bird really existed. " An detur hujusmodi avis dubita-
tur ? " (4) " Edwards, av. 87, t. 87." Edwards figures and describes a bird
which was all over "of a fine blue, inclining to violet." He gives no locality,
but says a Mr. Bell told him he had seen male birds in China. (5) " Dodart.
act. 3, p. 30 ? " I have not seen this book, but Dodart had, so far as I know,
only black-and-white figures and no text ; moreover, as Linne queried his figure,
this quotation is of no avail.

Last but not least : Linne said : " Habitat in Asia, America."

In 1766 (Syst. Nat. ed. xii. i. p. 258) Linne described his F. porphyria
as corpore viridi, subtus violaceo, and added some more quotations, Bellonius,
Gesner, Aldrovandus, Clusius, Willoughby, and Brisson. Most of these were
compilators who referred to the bird described by Phnius, Gesner, Aldrovandus,
but Brisson gave a description of a bird with a green back which he says came
from Cayenne, though it seems that he reaUy did describe an African specimen,
as he says it is nearly as large as a fowl, and afterwards the " Petite Poule Sul-
tane," also from Cayenne. In any case, this cannot alter the meaning of Linne's
" Fulica porphyria," of which in 1 766 he said, " Habitat in India Asiae, Americae."

It is thus clear that Linne's " Porphyria "" of 1758 was a mixture of the
South American Porphyria martinica and the Mediterranean P. caeruletis, but
has absolutely nothing to do with the African species. There is therefore no
justification whatever for adopting this name for the African species.

In 1766 Linne altered his diagnosis, and described a sijecies with a green
back, but as he did not mention the size and says no word of the occurrence
in Africa, that may just as well refer to the American species. Therefore even

266 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Sharpe, who disregarded the description of 1758, because he began his nomen-
clature with the year 1766, should not have adopted Linne's name for the African
species.

The oldest available name for the latter is Fulica madagascariensis Latham,
1801. As there seems to be no difference between African and Madagascar
specimens, this name covers them both, and the change proposed by Sharpe and
Reichenow need not take place.

II. PORPHYRIO POLIOCEPHALUS CASPIUS SUBSP. NOV.

While there is evidently no difference whatever in colour, I find that the
tropical (Indian) form of Porphyria poliocephalus is smaller than the palaearctic
one from the shores of the Caspian and Persia.

Of the Indian form there is a large series in the British Museum fcf. Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. p. 199), and their wings measure 240-269 mm. Unfor-
tunately, quite a number are not sexed at all, and some apparently not correctly,
but, taking one or two errors for granted, it seems that the males measure from
257-269, females 240-256 mm. There are only four Ceylon skins, and their
wings measure 240-243 mm., in one, but perhaps abnormally, only 230 mm., but
Legge gives the same length ! It would thus seem that the Ceylon birds are
smaller again, but a larger series must be measured in order to verify this
supposition.

Of the Irano-Caspian form I have measured five skins from Lenkoran and
eleven from East Persia, and find that they measure 259-286 mm. in the wing
—i.e. SS 270-286, $? 259-266 mm.

There is thus, if specimens of similar sex are compared, a close approach,
but not even an overlapping, and the two forms must therefore be separated.

The Indian bird was named Gallinula poliocephala by Latham (Ind. Orn.
Suppl. p. Ixviii. 1801), and again Porphyria neglectus by Schlegel {Mus. Pays-
Bas, Ralli, p. 53, 1865).

The larger Caspian and Persian form has no name.. It is frequently called
" Porphyria veterum," but this is not correct. S. G. Gmelin {Reise (lurch Rnss-
land, iii. p. 79, pi. 12, 1774) tells us of the occurrence of the Purple Coot in North
Persia, and give an uncoloured figure of it. He thought this bird was the Por-
phyria of the older writers, and does not, therefore, give it a name. In a footnote
he says that it is the Porphijrio veterum, meaning the Porphyria of the old authors,
and recapitulates the diagnoses of Klein, Brown, and Linne, of their Porphyria.
These authors, however, had different birds in mind, and the name veterum
has therefore no standing ; besides that, it was not meant to be a name.
I therefore propose for the large form the name —

Porphyrio poliocephalus caspius subsp. nov.

because it chiefly inhabits the basin of the Caspian.
Type : S ad., Lenkoran, in the Tring Museum.
We must distinguish the following palaearctic Porphyrio:

1. Porphyrio caeruleus (Vandelli).
South Portugal and Spain, Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sardinia, and Sicily,
formerly Balearic Isles and Malta. It was probably this species which occurred,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 267

according to Geoft'roy St. Hilaire and Erliard, over half a century ago in Greece,
in the swamps of Osman-Aga, the plain of Helos, on the lakes Dystos and Kopai,
but it might possibly have been another species.

2. Porphyria madagascariensis (Ijath.

Madagascar and Africa to the Sahara, in Egypt along the Nile to Fajmm,
Lake Menzaleh and Alexandria.

3. Porphyria poliacephalus caspius Hart.

Wings : S 270-286, ? 258-266 mm.

Shores of Caspian, very numerous at Lenkoran, rare in the Volga delta,
in Persia, especially in Seistan, East Persia, in Mesopotamia, and probably
Afghanistan, from where only one unsexed specimen could be measured.

3a. Porphyria paliocephalus poliacephalus (Lath.).

Wings : <J 257-269, ? 240-256 mm.

India from Ceylon to the Himalaya, Burma to Tenasserim.

Possibly the Ceylon form smaller again ?

4. Porphyria alleni Thomps.

Tropical Africa, as a straggler once Alexandria, twice Sicily, twice Lucca
in Italy, a number of times on the Azores, once in Madeira, once on the Mar
Menor south-east of Murcia, in December 1902 near Bizerta in Tunisia, in
December 1902 near Mazagan in West Marocco, in January 1902 at sea near
Yarmouth.

It is certainly very remarkable that a species which breeds south of the
Sahara should occur so frequently in Europe, and I do not think that it is
impossible that it occurs regularly and nests in Southern Marocco, which is, so far,
not at all thoroughly explored. It might thus belong to the birds which, Uke
the Telephonus, Pycnonatus barbatus, Asia capensis tingitanus, Melierax canorus
metabates, Francalinus bicalcaratus (subsp.), and Streptopelia senegalensis phoenico-
phila, have extended their range from the Senegal along the coast to Africa
Minor, where most of them became changed into distinct subspecies.

III. THE FORMS OF GALLINULA CHL0R0PU8.

The " Moorhen " or " Water-hen," being very widely spread, and in most
countries not or only partially migratory, offers a very interesting subject for
the study of geographical variation. As usual, series from many breeding-areas
are not available, but from the material I was able to compare I am convinced
that we can distinguish the following races :

1. Gallinula chloiopus chloropus (L.).

Fulica chloropus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. i. p. 152 (1758—" Habitat in Europa." Restricted
terra typica, from the first quotation, England).

Outward appearance of wings olive-brown. Wings: S 175-188, ? 165-
176 mm.

Europe generally from Norway and Russia to the Mediterranean, east-

268 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

wards to Turkestan, and North Africa, north of the Sahara. I am not able
to say whether the specimens obtained in Dauria (Tran-sbaikaUa) belong to
this form or to the Chinese one. Wholly or partially migratory in the northern
portions of its area. (Series from North Africa not available.)

2. Gallinula chloropus parvifrons Blyth.

Oalliniila parvijrons Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xii. p. 180 (1843 — Calcutta).
(? Gallinula burnesi Blyth, op. cit. xxiii. p. 737, 1854. Described from a drawing which presents
no white under tail-coverts and no white stripes on the flanks. From Kabul.)

In every way like G. c. chloropus, but smaller, wings shorter. Wings : (J
156-176, sometimes to 182, ? 155-165 mm.

India, south to Ceylon, eastwards through China to the Eiu-Kiu (Loo-
Choo) Islands, and Japan, where it is, however, by no means common. Pro-
bably Thibet specimens belong to this race, too. Of. C. H. B. Grant, Ibis,
1915, p. 48.

3. Gallinula chloropus orientalis Horsf.

Oallinula orientalis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xiii. p. 195 (1820 — Java).

Easily distinguishable by its bluish slate-coloured upper wing-coverts,
which lack the oHvaceous brown edges which are found in G. c. chloropus and
other races. Wings short, 145-167 mm.

Java, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula ; Celebes (rare). Specimens from the
Philippine Islands seem mostly to belong to this form, but some have the wings
much bro^vner. Their wings are sometimes longer than in G. c. orientalis. They
stand thus somewhat between G. c. orientalis and parvifrons and resemble G. c.
guami. Unfortunately not many specimens could be examined.

4. Gallinula chloropus guami subsp. nov.

Upper wing-coverts darker than in G. c. chloropus and parvifrons, with
very little olive-brown, but not uniform slate-colour as in orientalis. Wings :
(J ? 165-175, exceptionally as long as 180 mm.

Island of Guam, Marianne Islands.

Type: <J ad., Guam, 11. xii. 1894. Collected by the late Alan Owston's
Japanese collectors. In the Tring Museum.

I have examined thirty-six examples from Guam. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1898,
pp. 62-64, where I not only described the status of the Moorhen on Guam,
but also discussed some of the other forms of Gallinula. That short review,
however, was very incomplete and faultj', and docs not favourably compare
with our present knowledge.

5. Gallinula chloropus brachyptera (Brehm).

Stagnicola brachyptera Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 331 (1855 — " Mittelafrika ").

(Mr. C. H. B. Grant [Ibis, 1915, p. 48] adopts for this race Brehm's name
tneridionalis, published on the same page, one line above brachyptera. I cannot
follow this ; Brehm said it had the edge of the wing and under wing-coverts
ferrugineous ("rostfarben "), which is not the case in any Gullimtla chloropus,

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 269

nor is there a specimen in the Brehm Collection from which this description could
be taken.)

Very similar to G. c. orientalis, but toes and tarsus as a rule distinctly shorter,
sometimes however diificult to distinguish. Wings about 150-175 mm.

Tropical Africa to Cape Colony, St. Thome and Annobon. Also the Sey-
chelle Islands, PrasHn, He aux Fous, St. Digne, and probably He Aride. The
four skins from He Aride have the under tail-coverts more or less buS, almost
as in pyrrhorhoa, and the wings are rather shorter than in the majority of brachyp-
tera. I believe, however, that they must all be females, though sexed as males,
but the collector, Thibault, was not reliable in that respect. Curiously the
upper wing-coverts are also rather more brownish than they usually are in
brachyptera. It is hardly credible that on the small islet called He Aride, close
to the He aux Fous, a special form should exist !

»
6. Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorhoa Newt.

Gallinula pyrrhorhoa Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 18 (Mauritius).

Under tail-coverts always distinctly deep buff. In other subspecies, chiefly
in G. c. chloropus, the lateral under tail-coverts are sometimes, especially in
freshly moulted autumn specimens, more or less buff, but not regularly and
so intensely as in this form.

Mauritius, Reunion, and Madagascar.

7. Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis Streets.

Gallinula sandvicensis Streets, Ibis, 1877, p. 2.5 (Oahu).

At once recognisable by the extended frontal shield in old birds. Toes
rather short and slender, more red in front of tarsus.

Sandwich Islands. Though better differentiated than most other forms,
after all only subspecies according to my present views.

8. Gallinula chloropus galeata (Licht.).

Crex galeata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 80 (1823 — Sao Paulo, Brazil).

Easily recognisable by the widely extended frontal shield, which is truncate
(not rounded) behind.

Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Northern Argentina, Eastern Bolivia.

9. Gallinula chloropus pauxilla Bangs.

Gallinnla chloropus pauxilla Outram Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, v. p. 96 (1915 — West
Colombia).

Like G. c. galeata, but much smaller.

West Colombia, probably also West Ecuador, and perhaps even farther
south.

10. Gallinula chloropus cachinnans Bangs.

Gallinula chloropus carchinnans Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, v. p. 96 (1915 — North America.
Type Florida).

Easily separable by the colour of the back and scapulars, which are cf a
more or less reddish brown, though variable, according to Bangs, from " argus

270 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

brown" through "Brussels brown" to "raw umber." "In most fully adult
individuals the whole back, rump and wings, except lesser coverts, are brown."
Size and proportions as in G. c. galeata. Wings, 169-178 mm.

"North temperate Eastern and Central North America, south to Nicaragua,
and as a rare straggler to Costa Rica ; Bermudas ; Greater Antilles ; Northern
Lesser Antilles ; Bahamas, rare and local ; an isolated colony in California
and another at Cape San Lucas" (Bangs, I.e.).

Specimens from the Galapagos Islands appear to be inseparable for the
present, but a larger series would probably show them to be a smaller sub-
species !

Bangs {I.e., p. 98) separated, from comparison of two specimens, a race from
S. Lucia, Lesser Antilles, a.s —

Oallinula chloropus cerceris.

A specimen in the Tring Museum, collected on S. Lucia by Selwyn Branch,
agrees with other West Indian specimens, and shows nothing of the characters
on which Bangs founded his cerceris. I therefore believe that G. c. cerceris
should be regarded as a synonym, and that the type is abnormal. Bangs's
second specimen is immature.

11. Gallinula chloropus garmani Allen.

GaUinula garmani Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. iii. p. 357 (1876 — Lake Titicaca).

Much larger than other American forms, upperside very dark.

Lake Titicaca in Southern Peru. According to Bangs also in Western
BoUvia and Chile. This may be correct, but specimens from Eastern Bohvia
which I examined belong to G. c. galeata.

It seems doubtful if Gallinula frontata Wall. (G. frontata Wallace, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 35, Buru) should be included in the subspecies of
Gall, chloropus. It is easily separable, besides other details, from all other
forms by the red legs and larger bill, with more extended frontal shield. These
difEerences, though obvious, would not deter me from calling it G. chloropus
frontata, but it seems to occur together with G. c. orientalis, in Celebes. I think,
therefore, that we must await further investigations, before treating it as a
form of G. chloropus, though Stresemann (Novetates Zoologic.\e, 1914, p. 55)
did it without hesitation. G. frontata seems to be rare on Celebes, and so does
O. c. orientalis, and it may be that either of them is only an occasional straggler
on the great island, but this is not yet certain. Besides Celebes, G. frontata
occurs on Buru, Ceram, Amboina, New Guinea, Sumba, Flores, and Borneo,
but on the latter almost certainly as an exceptional straggler, if the record is
correct.

LITERATURE ON THE FORMS OF GALLINULA CHLOROPUS.

1894
1894
1915
1915

Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. pp, 168-180.

Hartert, Nov. Zool. v. pp. 62-64.

Claude H. B. Grant, Ihis, pp. 47-49.

Outram Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, v. pp. 93-99 (review

of the American forms).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 271

IV. THE FORMS OF PORZANA FUSCA (L.).

In the Cat. B. Brit. Mtis. xxiii. pp. 146-148, Sharpe united the various
forms of this species, only separating phaeopygiis, because he did not know it,
or he would undoubtedly not have kept it as another species.

Sharpe admitted that the species "varies considerably in size," but con-
cluded that " it would seem impossible to recognise more than one form." He
gave some measurements which clearly showed that specimens from South
India and Ceylon and likewise those from the Philippines are smaller than
birds from Northern India on the one hand and from China and Japan on the
other.

It is impossible, according to present ideas, to unite all these forms, nor
are they, of course, " species," but clearly " subspecies," though their present
knowledge is not final, and the distribution of some of the forms not clear and
somewhat peculiar.

Linnaeus described the bird from Brisson, who had it from the Philippines.
The PhiUppine form is therefore Porzana fusca fusca (L.). As birds from Java
are not separable from the latter, Temminck's Rallus rubiginosus, described
from Java, is a synonym.

'' Zapornia flammiceps" Hodgson, Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 86 (1844), is a
nomen nudum, and I consider the name too unsuitable to adopt it for the North
Indian form.

I distinguish the following forms :

1. Porzana Jusca erythrothorax (Temm. & Schleg.).

Gallinula erythrothorax Temminck & Schlegel, Siebold's Fauna Japan, Aves, p. 121. pi. 28 (1849 —
Japan).

Forehead to about middle of eyes or greater part of crown rufous ; upper-
side dark olive-brown, in fresh plumage with rusty tinge. Underside and fore-
head as a rule less deep, paler rufous, than in allied forms. Larger, wings 105-
120 mm. {thirty-five measured).

Japan from Yesso to Kiushiu and Yaku, Eastern China to Yunnan and
Siam.

In Yunnan specimens are sometimes rather darker on the underside, so it is
not easy, if at all possible, to distinguish them from large specimens of P. /. bakeri.
The largest specimens I have seen are from Japan (wings mostly 110-120 mm.,
shortest 105mm.); those from China measure 105-1 18mm., once 120 mm. This is
probably accidental, and I do not think that the Chinese form is really smaller.
The wings of 10 (J from Mengtsze or Mongtsz in Yunnan measure, according to
Mr. Outram Bangs, in Utt., 97 to 105 mm., but as he measured the wings "in
their natural curve, not flattened against the rule," * we may add 3 or 4 mm.,
so that they come to about 100-109 mm.

* I am afraid that Mr. Bangs'sway of measuring the wing is still the usual one, but it is un-
doubtedly the wrong way. An absolutely uniform measurement can only be obtained if the wing
is flattened against the rule and thus stretched to its fullest extent. By having the same birds
measured by brother (and sister) ornithologists in various countries I have proved that we measure
absolutely equal, while no uniformity could be attained by measuring " the natural curve." It is
also desirable to have a small brass plate fixed at a right angle to the end of the rule, and to press
the wing against that plate ; if the finger is used to hold the wing in its position at the end of the
rule, small deviations are unavoidable.

2(2 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

2. Porzana Jusca phaeopyga Stejn.
Porzana phaeopyga Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. 3Ius. x. p. 394 (1887 — Yayeyama, Eiu-Kiu Islands).

Very closely allied to P. /. erythrothorax, but with bills as a rule thicker
and longer, the rufous colour of the chest perhaps a little more saturated.

Stejneger's description is not in agreement wth these specimens. They
are not darker op the upperside than Japanese examples, and the whitish spotting
of the first primary is aberrational. ' None of our Riu-Kiu specimens shows
this, but one from C'ej'lon has pale rusty, one from Java whitish spots on the
outer webs of the first primary. Large series should be compared !

Riu-Kiu Islands : Yayeyama, Amami, Okinawa.

3. Porzana fusca bakeri, subsp. nov.
Zapornia fiammiceps (sic) Hodgson, Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 86 (1844 — N omen nudum ! Nepal).

As already pointed out by Sharpe, specimens from North India are larger
than those from Ceylon or South India and from the Philippine Islands. They
are nearly and sometimes quite as large as P. f. erythrothorax, but the rufous
underside is deeper, darker. The crown, as a rule, is entirely rufous. Wing
97-108 mm., once 110 mm.

Type : ? ad., Bhim-Tal, Kumaon 20. vi. (Tring Museum.)

Northern India from Kashmir to Cachar, Upper Assam and Burma, south
to Calcutta. Possibly northern birds may partially move south in winter,
for a specimen from Patani, Malay Peninsula, with a wing of 1 1 1 mm. can hardly
be P. f. fusca, which is evidently resident in the Malay Peninsula (Selangor).

Named after my friend E. C. Stuart Baker, whom I first met in Calcutta,
twenty-nine years ago.

This form is common in Assam, especially near Margherita. Mr. Baker
gave me the following measurements of eggs :

31-8 X 23-6"

308 X 24-2
31-0 X 240
310 X 23-6
31-2 X 23-6

30. vii. 1905, Margherita.

30-2

X

22- 8'

30-3

X

23-3

30-2

X

23-2

293

X

23-0

30-4

X

23 0

9 vii. 1907, Margherita.

31-8 X 22-5|

31-0 X 23-3l28.v. 1905, Margherita.

33-5 X 21-8

285 X 21-6
28- 4 X 22- 2

12. vii. 1907, Margherita.

NOVITATBS ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917.

2li

30

29
29
29
29

32
30
32
30
31

29
29
29
29
29

29
29
29
29
30

32

32
31
30

28
28

36

•8

X

22-

•9

X

21-

•2

X

21-

6

X

22-

•9

X

21-

•5

X

23-

•0

X

23-

•1

X

22-

•8

X

23-

■8

X

23

•8

X

23-

•8

X

23-

■2

X

23-

4

X

22-

(•4

X

23-

■8

X

22-

•2

X

22-

•8

X

22-

•9

X

22-

•5

X

22-

•6

X

22-

>0

X

22'

•8

X

22-

■6

X

22'

■8

X

23-

!-3

X

22

.0

X

24-

15. vi. 1902, Margherita.

15. V. 1903, Margherita.

1 vi. 1903, Margherita.

16. vii. 1893, Silchar in Cachar.

5. i. 1898, Sind Valley, Kashmir.

4/

24. viii. 1910, Dacca.

5 26. vi. 1907, Behar (an addled egg).

4. Porzana fusca fusca (L).

Rallus fuacua Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. xii. i. p. 262 (1766 — Philippines, ex Brisson).

Colour as in P. j. hakeri, i.e. the whole crown, as a rule, rufous, and its tint
as well as that of the underside as deep and bright as in P. /. hakeri. Size much
less, wings 89-99 mm.

This form inhabits the Philippine Islands, Celebes, Java, Christmas Island,
Borneo, Sumatra, and the JMalay Peninsula. Two males from Flores have wings
of 102 and 103 mm. It is also found on Ceylon and in South India, where it is
very rare, though known from Kanara, Travancore, the Wynaad, and Mysore.
These skins appear to be indistinguishable from PhiUppine and Malayan ones ;
sometimes they are on the upperside more yellowish, less ohve, but this seems
to be due to the state of plumage. It is not the only case that Ceylon forms
are more related to Malayan forms than to those of India ; as an instance I
recall the case of Accipiter virgatus (cf. Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 210).

18

274

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

It is a mistake to suppose that Porzatui fusca is a winter visitor only in
Ceylon. If so, it would surely come from North India and be P. fusca hakcri.
In fact it nests, though locally and not commonly, in South India and Ceylon.

Also the eggs confirm the smaller size of the South Indian form. Mr. Baker
sent me tlie following measurements :

28-4

X

21-5]

290

X

220

28-3

X

21-8

28-6

X

22 2

24. vii. 1900, Travancore.

28-2

X

220]

27-8

X

22-3

28-4

X

22-2

28-6

X

22'2

28-4

X

22' 4

20. viii. 1889, Karwar, Kanara, South Bombay.

29-5 X 22-5 25. vii. 1903. A single addled egg.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 275

NOTES ON GAME-BIRDS.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

I. THE GENERIC NAME OF THE RED-LEGGED PARTRIDGES.

CURIOUSLY enough, the.se birds have hitherto almost universally been
called " Caccabis" But Kaup (Skizzierte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und
Natilrl. Syst. der Europ. Thierwelt, 1829) gave two names to the group : one,
Alectoris, on p. 180 (andp. 193), Monotype A. petrosa =barbara ; another, Caccabis,
on p. 183 (and p. 194), Monotype C. saxatilis. We must undoubtedly go by the
strictest priority, and accept the first name. Therefore, as Accipiter palumbarius
has given way to A. gentilis and Anas bosckas to .4. platyrhyncha, so Caccabis
must be replaced by Alectoris. This would probably have been done before,
if in the Gat. B. xxii. p. 110, Caccabis had not been quoted before Alectoris,
though both names are given with the correct pages. In Lists of synonyms
the first name should, of course, always be placed first, even if the author
rejects it.

II. THE CORRECT NAME OF THE BARBARY PARTRIDGE.

While Latham and Gmelin did not identify Edwards's Barbary Partridge
and Buffon's Perdrix de Roche ou de la Gambra as one and the same bird — this
blunder was apparently first committed by Temminck in Hist. Nat. Pigeons et
Gallin. iii. pp. 368, 369, and since then everybody has mixed them up — probably
no modern ornithologist has read Buffon's description, on which Gmelin's name
Tetrao petrosus was based, or consulted its source.

Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 758, gave the name Tetrao petrosus solely to
Buffon's Perdrix de Roche ou de la Gambra (Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ols. ii. p. 446).
Now, this is what Butfon wrote :

" Cette Perdrix prend son nom des Ueux ou elle a ccutume de se tenir par
preference ; elle se plait comme les perdrix rouges, parmi les rochers et les
precipices : sa couleur generale est un brun obscur, et elle a sur la poitrine une
tache couleur de tabac d'Espagne. Au reste, ces perdrix se rapprochent encore
de la perdrix rouge par la couleur des pieds, du bee et du tour des yeux ; eUes
sont moins grosses que les notres, et r^troussent la queue en courant ; mais,
comme elles, elles courent tres-vite, et ont en gros la meme forme ; leur chair
est excellente " (Voyez Journal de Stibbs, p. 287 ; and I'Abbe Prevot, tome iii.
p. 309). ,

There is very little in this description that could lead one to believe that
the Barbary Partridge was meant by it; no mention of the red, white-spotted
band around the throat, none of the brightly coloured flank-feathers, none of
the red tail, and the size being less than that of our partridges, and that they
erect the tail when running, and last, but not least, the locality, are absolutely
against it. But let us see what Stibbs himself said. In Francis Moore's
Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa, etc., to which is added Capt. Stibbs"

276 NOVTTATES ZOOLOQICAI: XXIV. 1917.

Voyage up the Gamhia [formerly often called Gambra], in the Year 1723, we
find, on p. 287, in the Captain's " Journal of a Voyage up the Gambia," *
the folloT\dng :

" Thereabouts are great Stocks of diverse Sorts of Game, particularly Rock
Partridges : I call them so, as being mostly amongst Rocks and Precipices.
They are of a dark-speckled Colour, having a round Snufi'-colour'd Spot on
the Breast about as big as a Half-Crown, the Legs and Beak are red, as also a
Circle about the Eyes, just as some Pigeons have ; they are not altogether no
big as Partridges, but in Shape exactly like them and run as fast, only then
this erects the Tail, and appears like a large Chicken. They are exceeding
fine Meat, but difficult to kill."

First of all, we must consider where Stibbs obtained these birds : Not
far from Barrucunda, about two degrees of longitude up the river, many days
inland, under about 14° long. west. It is quite clear that no Alectoris (Caccahis)
is found there. Then the " dark-speckled Colour " disagrees (Bufion left out
the important " speckled "), the spot on the breast is only the size of a " half-
crown " (in Alectoris barbara it is much larger), the size of the bird itself is con-
siderably less than that of a Partridge (while A. barbara is not), and, last but
not least, it erects its tail when running ! No Partridge does this, but the
African Ptilopachus fuscus (Vieill.) does it, and, in fact, there can be no doubt
this is the bird described by Stibbs, and which GmeHn called Tetrao petrostcs,
the dark speckled plumage, the light brown patch on the breast, red feet, beak,
and circle round eyes, approximate size, the habit of running with tail erect,
and the locality, all agreeing with it, so that the name Ptilopachus petroaus
will have to take the place of that of P. fuscus.

Fortunately, another name is available for the Barbar}' Partridge. Bonna-
terre {Ta^l. Encycl. et Meth. i. p. 208 (1791)) called it " Perdix Barbara." This
was taken from Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. ii. p. 70, pi. 70 (1747). Edwards called
the bird " The Red-legged Partridge from Barbary," and figured and described
a dark bird. He saj's : " A pair of these birds were sent to me alive by my
good friend Mr. Thomas Rawlings, Merchant, residing at Santa Cruz, in that
part of Barbary which lies without the Streights of Gibraltar, on the Atlantic
Ocean." We have thus a definite locality, but which " Santa Cruz " can this
have been ? It is not the old Spanish fort of Santa Cruz near Oran, and I doubt
if at that time (though some portions of " Barbary " were safer then than
afterwards) Englishmen resided at the present Agadir (formerly Santa Cruz
de Berberia), or at Hini, stUl farther south, formerly called Santa Cruz de Mar
Pequeiia). Santa Cruz being a very frequent place, Edwards's place of that
name was probably in, North Marocco, not very far from the Straits of Gibraltar.
In any case, the name barbara is doubtless applicable to the dark North
African Barbary Partridge. Its name will therefore henceforth be :

Alectoris barbara barbara (Bonn.).

It inhabits Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco from Tangiers to the southern Atlas.
In Tunisia it is found in the north of the Atlas, in Algeria also, and on the Hauts

• A translation is also found in Arkstee & Markus, Allgem. Historic der Beisen^ iii. p. 78,
1784, but it is not quite complete, the — to the translator — less important sentences being left out.

NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 277

Plateaux here and there in suitable places ; we have traced it as far south as
Laghouat. In West Algeria we have not come across any Barbary Partridges,
except once on the Djebel Murdjadjo near Oran, where we could not shoot
them. (Also in Sardinia !)

In Algeria and Tunisia, south of the Atlas, A. b. harbara is represented by
the very much paler A. b. spatzi. Of Marocco south of the Atlas we have no
ornithological knowledge whatever.

On the islands of Tenerife, Gomera, and Lanzarote a strikingly more greyish
form, A. b. koenigi, occurs.

III. THE FORMS OF THE GREEK PARTRIDGE.

In the Catalogue of Birds, xxii. (1893), Mr. Ogilvie-Grant was ".satisfied
that it is impossible to distinguish more than one subspecies of 0. saxatilis,"
and he thus had only one in Europe, " Cacmhis saxatilis" and another from
Greece to China which he called " Caccabis chukar." Under the latter name
he comprises all forms with the lores white and the ear-coverts chestnut, the
throat being more or less buff. The distribution is given as follows :

" 0. saxatilis. Mountains of Europe : Eastern Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians,
Apennines, and Balltans, also Sicily. (It is doubtful if this bird is the species
found in Greece.)

" C. chukar. Ranging in the west to the Ionian Islands (and perhaps
found on the mainland of Greece), in the east to China, in the north to Mongolia
and Turkestan, and in the south to the Persian Gulf and apparently to Aden
(C. aremrius Hume). Island of St. Helena (introduced)."

This supposed distribution requires considerable alteration, apart from the
fact that nowadays even Mr. Ogilvie-Grant ^\-ould not lump all the Asiatic
forms, i.e. the " c/miar-group."

First of all we must consider the specific name, and that is graeca, not
saxatilis. Dr. Richmond in Washington called my attention to the fact that
Meisner, Syst. Verz. der Vog. welche die Schweiz bewohnen, p. 41, 1804, gave the
name Perdix graeca to the bird figured on Daubenton's PI. Enl. 231, which must
have been a Greek specimen, as Buffon in his text only talks of Greece, the
C4reek Islands and Cyprus, and not of the Alps at all, as the habitat of the
" Bartavelle ou Perdrix Grecque." Meisner, of course, beUeved that the Swiss
birds were the same as those inhabiting Greece, but that was not a very great
mistake, as the two forms are very closely allied and have only quite recently
been separated. I beheve Othmar Reiser (Ornis Balcanica. iii. pp. 411, 412)
was the first to call attention to their difierences ; the fact is that the Alpine
bird, which must be called Alectoris graeca saxatilis, is, on the upperside, less
brightly coloured, the grey more tinged with yellowsh brown, the interscapulium
less reddish, duller, while in A. graeca graeca the upper surface is brighter, the
colours purer, the interscapulium more reddish, brighter, the edges to the sca-
pulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts purer ash-grey, almost or quite without
the dull brownish wash of A. g. saxatilis.

A. g. saxatilis inhabits the Alpine region from Savoy to Styria, but is absent
from the Jura ; probably the birds from the Carpathians (Galicia, Bukowina)

278 NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

and the " Krasso-Szorenyer Komitat " in South-east Hungary also belong to
the Alpine form, but I have not examined specimens from there.

A. g. graeca inhabits Greece (mainland) and the Ionian Islands (west of
Greece), Macedonia, Albania, and ranges westwards to Montenegro, the Herzego-
vina and Bosnia to Dalmatia, evidently to the Karst. I have examined a few
Italian specimens, and I consider that they too, and therefore, I should say,
also the few that have survived, so far, in Sicily, and those formerly found on
Elba, belong to the south-eastern form. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant had unfortunately
not a single skin from Greece, and the one from Zante which he believed to be
a " chukar " is certainly a graeca. Though at present apparently not found on
Zante, A. g. graeca still occurs on other Ionian Islands.

Forms of the chukar-gvoup occur west^\•ards to Asia Minor. Rhodes, Cj'prus,
and, curiously enough, to the Cj'clades and Northern Sporades, which, unUke
Cyprus and Rhodes, wliich belong to Asia Minor, belong geographically to
Greece.

The form from Cyprus, of which I have examined a fine series, mostly col-
lected by Glaszner, differs from all named forms. It is nearest to A. g. koroviakovi
and falki, but the upperside is duller, the hind-neck darker grey, back more
reddish, and especially the crown of the head is darker, often almost quite dark
blue-grey without brown, or with only a faint brown tinge. It is not so dark
as A. g. chukar, and the crown is less brown. Wings : males, 162-169 mm. ;
females, 153-157 mm. I name the Cyprus race:

Alectoris graeca Cypriotes subsp. nov.

Tj'pe: (Jad., Galata, Cyprus, 21.iii. 1906. Ch. Glaszner leg. (In the Tring
Museum.)

I have compared some specimens from Asia ]\Iinor (Smyrna, Eregli, Taurus)
and Rhodes ; some of these agree \\ell with the Cyprus form, others are (espe-
cially on the rump) more brownish. I must, provisionally, unite these with
A. g. Cypriotes, but I am not sure if, when a good series from similar months of
the year is compared, they cannot be again separated.

A great uncertainty prevails about the Greek Partridges inhabiting Palestine
and the neighbouring countries. A specimen from Moab, east of the southern
part of the Dead Sea, is very pale and belongs probably to the Sinai form (sinaica
Bp.), of which I have, unfortunately, not been able to compare examples. Also
two skins in the British Museum, collected during the last third of j\Iarch near
Karyatein (not Kuryatein !) in the northern Syrian desert, on the road to Palmyra,
are very pale, very near to pallida, but more reddish. Do they perhaps also
belong to sinaica ?

Two specimens from Engeddi (west of the Dead Sea) and from the " hills
of Judaea " are also very reddish, reminding one strongly of pubescens ; they agree
somewhat with the description of Caccabis chukar, var. margaritae Dawydoff
(Travaux Soc. Imp. Nat. St. Petersbourg, xxix. livr. 1898, pp. 57-63 (Russian),
p. 86 (German digest)), but Dawj'doff says that the crown is pure grey ! This is
not the case with the Engeddi and Judaea skins, which have the middle of the
crown reddish brown. I know only one subspecies with a pure grey crown,
and that is werae, described from South-west Persia. Specimens from El
Bussah and Hule in the Tristram Collection are again a shade darker than those

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 279

from Engeddi and Judaea. Dawydoff says that in Western Palestine, his mar-
garitae is replaced by sinaica ! The question is if that is correct — most likely
the author had not compared Sinai specimens ; he adds that margaritae is larger
than sinaica and darker on the back, but that it differs from " chukar " (by
which he probably meant falki or koroviakovi) by the pure grey crown and wide
white stripes under the eyebrows, which extend over the greater part of the
vertex.

This margaritae is said to live quite isolated in the southern part of the
depression called El Ghor, and especially on the shores of the Dead Sea (the
northern part is meant, no doubt, not the Ghor south of the Dead Sea).

Alectoris graeca toerae is the large, very pale form, with pure grey crown,
which inhabits the Persian provinces of Luristan, Arabistan (Chusistan), and
Farsistan, also Bushire. Judging fjom two very worn summer specimens from
Mesopotamia, it would seem that they, too, belong to werae, and if that is so, it
miglit even extend further ( '. '. into Palestine).

Alectoris graeca koroviakovi was described by Zamdny under the name
of Caccabis kakelik koroviakovi {I) in Messager Orn. 1914, p. 55, in Russian!
In this same article (pp. 54, 57, 59) Zamdny renames Hume's Caccabis paUidus
and calls it Caccabis kakelik humei, becau.se Naumann, in 1S33, had called a
pale variety of the Red-legged Partridge " Perdix rubra pallida." This, how-
ever, is no reason for the rejection of that name, as Naumann's names of aberra-
tions have no nomenclatorial standing. Not only are names given to aberra-
tions not considered in the Code of Nomenclature, but it is especially clear that
Naumann did not consider his names as of nomenclatorial value, because he
used the same names (such as albus, candidus, varius, pallidus, luteus) over and
over again in species after species in the same genus for white, white-spotted,
pale, or yellowish aberrations. Buturlin and Zamdny call the species " kakelik."
This name was given by Falk (not Falck) in Beytrdge zur topogr. Kenntn. d. Russ.
Reichs, iii. p. 390 (1786). The whole description is : " Schreit bestandig kakelik.
Grosse einer Kropftaube, Schnabel, Augenbrauen und Fiisse brenned roth, Brust
grau, Rucken von weiss und grau gewassert. Bucharey, Chiwa, Soongarey."
This description is certainly quite insufficient to identify the species. No doubt
the bird calls "kakelik," but the description of the cry is not diagnostic, and,
no mention being made of the black circle round the throat, none of the most
striking coloration of the sides, and the back not being waved white and grey,
the name is unacceptable.

Now as regards the name koroviakovi. This name was given to specimens
from Eastern Persia (except Khorassan), from the Birdjand Mountains to Per-
sian Baluchistan. From the somewhat conversational and lengthy description
(in Russian !) the following description can be extracted : It does not belong to
the pale forms (what is meant is, such as werae, pallida, and sinaica). " It is
decidedly darker and more strongly pigmented than the Khorassan and Trans-
caspian," and the " brightness of colouring is also superior to most of the repre-
sentatives of the larger C. kakelik kakelik from Russian Turkestan. It is specially
remarkable for the strong development of a chestnut-brown colour along the
middle of the upper part of the head and a deep pink-red-brown colour of the
forepart of the back." Besides the coloration, the small size of koroviakovi is
remarkable.

These statements of Zarudny are correct. Compared with Alectoris graeca

280 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917.

ehukar from the Indian hill.s, koroviakovi is distinctly lighter and brighter in
colour, the breast of a somewhat lighter grey. Wings, <J 144-156 mm., once
163 mm., ? 140-148 mm.

It is true that the birds from Russian Turkestan, Buchara, and Transcaspia
are not the same ; they are larger, the colour is less bright, not so reddi.sh, and
they appear therefore to me duller, generally darker, though not so dark and
dull as ehukar. Wings, <J and $ 150-172 mm. I think that the birds from
Northern Khorassan are the same too, and probably also those from North
Persia south of the Caspian, but Zarudny evidently thinks that they are different
again. It is thi.s bird (the one from Russian Turkestan and Buchara) which
Zarudny calls " kakelik" and it is the one which probably Falk meant to
describe. I therefore call it :

Alectoris graeca falki subsp. nov.

Type : <J ad., near Przewalsk, east of Lake Issik Kul, in Russian Turkestan,
26. xi. 1901, collected by Kutzenko. (Tring Museum.)

In the Russian (Moscow) journal Messager Ornithologique, 1914. p. 59,
Zarudny also described another form, which he called '" Caccabis kakelik sub-
pallidus," and which I call Alectoris graeca subpallida (Zar.). According to the
author this form is quite different from " Caccabis kakelik kakelik" — my Alectoris
graeca falki, which belongs to the "dark forms" — and belongs to the "pale
forms." Zarudny — evidently only from the descriptions of pallida, without
having seen specimens — -comes to the conclusion that his birds diSer from pallida
(his " humei ") in being smaller, five males having wings of 161-165mm., fourteen
females wings of 148-157 mm. This form inhabits the hills of the desert of
Kysyl Kum, west of Semiretchyensk and north of Buchara, and those of Southern
Buchara, between the Rivers Surchan and Kafirnagan, Wachsch and Pjandj.
Birds from those hills were united by Bianchi with his pallescens, with which he
also associated Hume's pallida. Bianchi was evidently not far wrong in doing
this, because the types of pallescens and pallida are very similar to each other,
though the latter appears to be still a bit lighter, and the rump not so grej'ish,
but as the birds are in very worn plumage, this cannot decide anything. While
true "pallida" is the bird of Eastern Turkestan, being found in Karakash,
Yarkand, the Ru.ssian Chain (Kwen-Lun) to the Pamir, the distribution of
the birds which Hume called pallescens is somewhat difficult to explain.
They were found at Leh, Ak Masjid and Karbu in Ladak and Cashmere,
but are not the form inhabiting Cashmere generally, for nearly all over that
country we find birds which do not differ from typical ehukar. even at C4ilgit and
as far east as Kohat (Whitehead). I therefore believe that the pale form of
East Turkestan ranges over the border into and over the Karakorum Mountains
into a few highly elevated districts of Cashmere (Ladak), and that Bianchi was
correct in uniting pallida and pallescens — -the latter, unfortunately, being the
first name, according to page-priority. In any case Sharpe was wrong when
he {Scientif. Res. Second. Yarkand Mission, Aves, p. 121, 1891) separated
" pallida " as a species and united " pallescens " with ehukar !

Alectoris graeca pubescens (Swinhoe). — This is a somewhat variable form ;
the characteristic vinous tinge is strongly developed in some, less so in others,
and even from the same localities. I am by no means certain that Altai speci-

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 281

mens belong to pM6escews, though Bianchi gives its distribution as " North-
western MongoHa and Altai and mountain regions of the middle and lower
Yellow River up to the PeehiMski Bay." A skin from the Gobi Desert in the
British Museum looks more like chukar than like pubescens.

IV. AMMOPERDIX.

The Catalogue of Birds recognises two species, A. heyi and bonhami. Later on
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant described A. cholmleyi from North-east Africa, and Zarudny
separated two forms of bonhami — i.e. Ammoperdix bonha7ni biicharensis from
Buchara and A. b. ter-meuleni from Arabistan.

A. cholmleyi was described in The Handbook Game-B. ii. p. 293 (1897),
as inhabiting " Egypt and Nubia," Init the types came from the Erba Mountains
near 8uakim. It was said that cholmleyi is darker on the upperside and lacks
entirely the white forehead and lores characteristic of A. heyi. This is perfectly
correct, and cholmleyi must be considered a good subspecies of heyi. Curiously
enough, both Mr. Louis Bonhote and Michael Nicoll objected to cholmleyi because
they had seen, in the Tring Museum, a Palestine specimen without the white
lores and forehead. It is very curious that Mr. Nicoll calls the bird A. heyi
heyi, though he admits that he has not seen an Egyptian male with a white
forehead and that they are all darker than A. h. heyi. Mr. Nicoll talks of several
A. heyi heyi without a white forehead, but probably this is a slip. All I can
find out is that : North-east African (Suakim, Nubia, Egypt north to Heluan)
specimens are darker on the upperside and under-surface (both males and females),
and that the males have no white lores or forehead, that S A. h. heyi (from
South Palestine to Sinai) are paler and have two white loral spots, more or less
distinctly connected by a white frontal line with the exception of one from the
Wadi-Kelt (where other males have the white lores and frontal line) which has
neither white loral spots nor frontal hne ! ; the Wadi Kelt birds, however, are
quite as light-coloured as other typical A. h. heyi. The females of cholmleyi are
also darker than those of A. h. heyi, and in fact like some of " A. bo7ihami."

Unfortunately the latter species must no longer be called bonhami but
griseogularis. That name, " Perdix griseogularis," was published April 24,
1843, the description of ^' Caccabis Bonhami" by Gray in May 1843, that of
" Perdix Bonhami " by Eraser not before November cf the same year.

Zarudny (Orn. Monatsber, 1911, p. 83) described ^^ Ammoperdix bonhami
bucharejisis " from Buchara, but I cannot admit this .supposed subspecies, as
the alleged differences are, in my opinion, individual, and specimens from Buchara
which I examined are not smaller and agree in every way with tjrpical griseo-
gularis.

Zarudny and Loudon (Om. Jahrb. 1904, p. 226) described also an A. bonhami
ter-meideni from Arabistan. According to their description the upperside is
much more rusty, the back with a vinous tinge, so that the grey colour almost
disappears, the crown has a distinct vinous tinge, the light spots on the sides
of the neck are " nearly always " strongly rusty.

This description sounds quite convincing, and we are accustomed to paler
and more sandy forms in Arabistan. On the other hand, specimens from Bushire
and furtrher inland in Farsistan (Witherby coll.) are so very little more sandy oil
the head and back than typical griseogularis in very fresh plumage, in fact one

282 NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

from the Salt Range in North-west India and another from Kandahar are not
distinguishable from those of Farsistan, so that I think this ter-meuleni requires
confirmation, unless it is quite restricted to Arabistan.

In the Catalogue of Birds, xxii. p. 126, the distribution of heyi, as I have
said above, includes that of cholmleyi, and, moreover, it is said to extend " east-
wards to Muscat, Persian Gulf." That is a rather sweeping statement, for
nothing was then kno^wi of any Ammoperdix between the west coast of the
Red Sea and Sinai and Muscat, though Riippell, in 1845. said that his Jieyi
occurred also at Djedda. Therefore the isolated occurrence at Muscat was
remarkable and gave rise to doubts of its identity with the other subspecies.
Now several specimens are in the British Museum from Muscat. Mr. Bury
found some near Timil in South Arabia, and a female has been obtained near
Lahej, north of Aden. One may therefore say that an Ammoperdix ranges from
Lahej (Aden) to Muscat. This form, however, is neither A. h. heyi nor A. h.
cholmleyi. The males agree with the latter in coloration, but have the two white
loral patches, more or less completely connected by a white line. The ? is like
those of A. h. cholmleyi. Wings of the males, 125-129 mm.

I name this form :

Ammoperdix heyi intermedia subsp. nov.

Type (in the British Museum), S ad. Timil, South Arabia, Bury coll.
I therefore distinguish the following forms of Ammoperdix :

1. A. heyi heyi (Temm.), 1825 : Sinai Peninsula north to the Dead Sea

and ravines of the Jordan Valley.

2. A. heyi cholmleyi 0. -Grant, 1897 : western shore of the Red Sea, Nubia,

Egypt north to Heluan (Wadi Hof).

3. A. heyi intermedia Hart., 1917 : South Arabia.

4. A. griseogularis griseogularis (Brandt), April 1843 : Greater part of

Persia, west to Birejik and Kum-Kale on the Euphrates, north to
Transcaspia and Buchara, Afghanistan, Baluchistan to Sind and the
Indus, and across the Indus Valley to the Khariar Hills and Salt Range
in the Punjab.

5. A. griseogularis ter-meuleni Zar. and Loud., 1904: Arabistan ; distribu-

tion and constancy of differences require confirmation.

V. FORMS OF PERDIX PERDIX.

The " Grey Partridge " being distributed over neariy the whole of Europe
and large parts of Western Asia, and not a migratory, but an entirely or almost
entirely sedentary bird, might a priori be expected to form a number of local
races. This expectation is realised, though not to such an extent as one might
have thought. In the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii. no subspecies were recognised,
nor could the author be expected to describe any, as the series in the British
Museum was then very poor and deficient in nearly all the most striking forms,
and even now it is poor ; for example, there is only one specimen of the Spanish
Grey Partridge, not a single one from Italy, none from Brittany or Normandy,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 283

only one from Asia Slinor, and liardly any, certainly not enough to draw con-
clusions from, from the rest of Asia. With regard to the latter, we are just
as hopeless in the Tring Museum, but fortunately we have brought together
some Pyrenean and a series of Italian examples, and others of value for the
study of local races.

The Partridge inhabiting the higher elevations of the Pyrenees and Northern
Spain has been fully dealt with in the Proceedings of the Fourth Ornithological
Congress (London and Tring, 1905) by Professor Dr. Louis Bureau. I need
not, therefore, here dwell on its differences and distribution, and \\\\\ only say
that it is a very distinct subspecies.

Comparing a series of Italian Partridges I was not a little surprised to find
that they differed at a glance from the Central European Perdix perdix perdix
and so closely resembled the Pyrenean P. perdix hispaniensis ( = charrela) that
at first they seemed to be practically indistinguishable. A more careful com-
parison showed that they differed from the latter as follows :

In both sexes the upperside is less dark and distinctly more brownish ;
jugulum and chest not so dark grey ; the horse-shoe mark in the male (and
when present in the female) not blackish brown but chestnut as in normal P. p
perdix. The c? differs from P. p. perdix chiefly by the less rusty or rufous upper-
side, especially dark brown instead of rufous cross-bars on the rump, and much
darker, less reddish brown spots on the upper wng-coverts. The females,
because of their coarser markings with the wider light shaft-lines and spots,
look rather different from females of P. p. perdix. Wings, ij 155-159 mm., 9
152-158-5 mm.

I name this form :

Perdix perdix italica subsp. nov.

Type: (J ad., near Chianti, 20. i. 1905. In the Tring Museum fourteen
specimens, compared with nine of P. p. hispaniensis and a large series of P. p.
perdix.

Another very striking Partridge is the one inhabiting the hills of Brittany
and Normandy, the so-called "armorican massive." It has been described by
Bureau in the very excellent and thorough article on the Pyrenean Partridge in
The Proceedings of the Fourth International Ornithol. Congress, pp. 497, 498.
Its upperside is so entirely rufous brown that the grey ground-colour has quite
disappeared and is only visible at the utmost bases when one lifts the feathers.
The chest is washed with rufous. The horse-shoe of the male is of a darker
chestnut than in normal P. p. perdix. Wing, <J 153, $ 152 mm., but according
to Bureau the wing of the male sometimes to 165 mm.

Professor Bureau did not name this form because, on account of the absence
of a zone in which no Perdix is found (as in the case of hispaniensis, the area of
which is separated from the regions inhabited by P. p. perdix by the " Midi de
France," where only Caccabis occurs) separating it from its neighbour, P. p.
perdix, the absence of mountain-ranges or seas, etc., forming a sharp boundary,
and the consequent occurrence of intermediate specimens in the stretches along
the boundary of the two races. On the other hand, he admits that an ornith-
ologist's eye cannot confound them with the Common Partridge. Reading
his remarks I cannot hesitate, though I have examined only one adult male

284 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

and female of this race, to name this .subspecies, and I propose for it the
name :

Perdix perdix armoricana subsp. nov.

Type: (J ad., Riaille, Loire Inferieure, October 1900. Received, with its
female, from Dr. L. Bureau. /Tring Museum.)

The other races of Perdix perdix will be discussed in one of the forthcoming
parts of my book on the palaearctic birds — -inshallali.

VI. THE CORRECT NAMES OF THE "BLACK-BELLIED SANDGROUSE "
AND THE "COMMON FRANCOLIN."

These two species have been called " Pterocles arenarius " and " FrancoUnus
francolinus " in the Catalogue of Birds, and this nomenclature has been followed
almost universally. In the Cat. B.. however, the twelfth edition of Linnaeus'
Systema Naturae was generally adopted as the starting-point of nomenclature
and not the tenth, which is now taken as the beginning. Therefore Linne's
" Tetrao orientalis," Systema Naturae, ed. x. i. p. 161, is not quoted in the
Cat. B. xxii., but under Pterocles arenarius we find as a synonym " Tetrao orien-
talis Hasselquist, Reise Paldst. p. 330, 1762," though the name was not adopted,
because of its date being previous to 1766. The more correct quoting would
have been as follows : Tetrao orientalis Linnaeus, in Hasselquist's Iter Palaestinum,
p. 278, 1757, as the " Reise " of 1762 is only a translation of the Swedish edition
of 1757, which has the title Iter Palaestinum eller Resa til Heliga Landet. It
was written by Linne, after Hasselquist's death, and Linne says that he added
the names of the animals and plants and brought the technical terms into uni-
formity, without altering the meaning of the author in anj' way. It is thus
clear that the descriptions of the species were actuallj' made by Hasselquist,
and this is also evident from their nature, as so many items could only have
been taken from fresh specimens, but the names were given by Linne. The
name " Tetrao orientalis,'''' though before the starting-point of nomenclature
in 1757, was adopted bj' Linne in Syst. Nat. ed. x. i. p. 161, and therefore
the Black-bellied Sandgrouse must henceforth be called Pterocles orientalis (L.),
as this name antedates Pallas's Tetrao arenarius by thirteen years.

This would be quite a simple matter, but, imfortunately, the appearance
of the name Tetrao orientalis has also been noticed by Mr. Sergius Buturlin,
who misunderstood it and thus caused great confusion.

In an article (in Russian !) in the Messager Ornith. 1910, p. 50. Mr. Buturlin
comes to the erroneous conclusion that Linnaeus's name refers to the Francolin,
and he therefore calls the latter Francolinus orientalis ! Unfortunately, Butui-
Un's article is full of mistakes from beginning to end, and his conclusions are
absolutely wrong. Let us examine his article (translated by Roston's Transla-
tion Bureau) and see how he came to be so mistaken.

He begins by explaining that Linnaeus had two sections of Tetrao, one
" Pedibus hirsutis," the other " Pedibus nudis." Now, Tetrao orientalis has the
tarsus feathered in front, naked behind. It should therefore have been placed
into a third section, but Linnaeus — in whose Systema Naturae occur manj' in-
accuracies, obscurities, and errors, as Buturlin truly said — ^put it into the second

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917. 286

one, with naked tarsi, although in the diagnosis he said, " pedibus antice pilosis,"
which clearly means, "hairy in front." Buturhn translates this "at the front
part sHghtly hairy," but this is an arbitrary proceeding which cannot be per-
mitted, and when, later on, he says that " pilosus " " may refer to the upper
part of the metatarsus of the francolin," this is mere sophistry, as the tarsus
is, to all intents and purposes, naked all round and certainly just as bare as in
other species in Linnaeus's second section with bare legs. It is true that the
words " abdomine gulaque atra, collari ferrugineo " can be apphed to both
the Plerocles and the Francolin, and even more Uterallj' to the latter, but they
are also (if you like " cum grano saUs ") apphcable to the male Sandgrouse, and
the last sentence, " cauda cuneiform!," can only refer to the Sandgrouse, which
has a cuneiform tail, and never to the FrancoMn, which has a very slightly
rounded one. If Buturhn says that the tail of the Francolin is " sUghtly
cuneiform," then he is wrong, for it is not, and Ijnne did not talk of a " sHghtly
cuneiform," but of a " cuneiform " tail.

The crucial point, however, is : Where did Linne get his diagnosis from ?

Linne quotes as follows :

Teirao orieriialis Hasselq. it. 278, n. 43.

Perdix damascena Will. orn. 128.

Francolin Tournef. it. i. p. 158, t. 158.

Referring to these, Buturhn says: "If we turn to Linne's quotations for
the confirmation of his deductions, we see that not a single one refers to the
Sandgrouse, but the first quotation is Tetrao orientalis Hasselq. it. 278, No. 43."

The fact is that Linne took the deciding portions of his diagnosis entirely
from (his own) description in Hasselquist's journey, and that, as I have shown
above, they refer to the Plerocles and not to the Francohn. He then care-
lessly and erroneously added two quotations, the first of which, from WiUughby,
referred to a partridge, the second to the Francolin. The deciding source, there-
fore, is Hasselquist. This has been, apparently, admitted by Buturhn, and
that he failed to recognise it is the greatest mistake in his deductions. He
says :

" If we turn to that source, that is to Hasselquist's journey in the Levant
in 1749-52 (pubUshed by Linne himself), we find (I possess the London edition
1706), under No. 43, only the mention of ' Tetrao orientalis^ or 'the Eastern
Partridge,' without any description of the plumage. It mentions that its size
is that of an ordinary Partridge (which is nearer to the Francohn than to the
Sandgrouse) and that it is found in groves and forests of Anatoha. But
the Sandgrouse avoids forests and lives in desert tracts ; nor is it found in
the western parts of Asia Minor."

Thus Mr. Buturhn brings forward three more points against the name
Tetrao orientalis referring to the Sandgrouse, and in favour of the Francolin,
but unfortunately in all three he is wrong.

First of all, the assertion that Hasselquist's book gives no description of the
plumage is utterly wrong, and only due to Buturhn not having seen the book at
all, but only the London edition, 1766. This latter I have not seen, as I only
know the original Swedish work of 1757, and the German translation of 1762,
which is a good and complete one, and in which the descriptions of animals and
plants, in fact the whole second part, is not translated, but reprinted in the
original Latin text. Now, both these give a full description, over a whole page.

286 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917

of both sexes of Tetrao orientalis. To show that every word refers only to the
Sandgrouse, I quote a few sentences : " Cauda cuneiformis." " Pedum crura
brevissima, antice phimosa, postice nuda." " Ligiti omnes breviuscuh et
satis crassi, membrana crassa, panim lobata ad basin juncti." " Ferruginca
sunt margines Capitis inferiores, Gula. Colhim ad latera. Cana sunt Caput
supra et Pectus." " Atra sunt Gula, Abdomen." " Crura anterius albicant."
And the description of the female : " Caput totum. collum. dorsum, humeri
& Cauda ex lineis transversalibus, irregularibus, atris & spatiis irregularibus,
majusculis, palHde ferrugineis mixta. Pectus palUde ferrugineum adspcrsum
maculis regularibus, subrotundatis, atris. Margo humeri ferrugineus. Reliqua
ut in mari."

The next point raised by Buturlin is the size. He says that in the (muti-
lated) Enghsh text it is described as of " the size of an ordinary partridge,"
and that the latter is, in his opinion, nearer to the Francolin than to the Sand-
grouse. I do not think that this is a point of any importance at all. because
there is not much difference between the two, and probablj', had Hasselquist,
or Linne, described both the Sandgrouse and Francolin, he would in both cases
have made a similar comparison. Moreover, in the original text it is said :
" Magnitude Perdicis ruffae."

Lastly, objection is made to the locality, because the Sandgrouse is not
an inhabitant of forests, and because it did not occur in Western Asia Minor.
First of all, to be strictly accurate, we must refer to the original text, and there
we find: " L )cus : Natoliae saltus." That means, probably, forest-pastures
of Asia Minor, and we may add near Smyrna, where Hasselquist was. This
objection, too, is of no importance and cannot decide the question, because
probably the birds were received from natives, and the exact place added from
information received from the latter or some sportsman. Moreover, " saltus "
may, according to the dictionary, not only mean forest-clad districts, but also
" ravines," and in stony ravines Sandgrouse occurs. Lastly, Mr. Buturlin is
badly informed if he says that Pterocles orientalis { — arenarius auct.) is not
found in Western Asia Minor, for it must be common somewhere near Smyrna,
because it used to be sold there in the market and Gonzenbach found
its eggs.

I am convinced that ButurUn would not have written his unfortunate
and misleading article if he had seen Hasselquist's Iter or the German trans-
lation, instead of an English, obviously incomplete and inaccurate translation,
in which evidently such unimportant details {? !) as descriptions of animals were
left out.

There is only one more sentence in Buturlin's article which requires a .shcrt
consideration. He says that " in other parts of his book Hasselquist mentions
several times this new Game-bird found by him (letters from Smyrna of De-
cember 16, 1749, and of January 29, 1750), and each time under the name of
'Francolin,' a name which has always been appUed to the francoUns and not
to the Sandgrouse." A comparison with the original Swedish text shows that
this is quite correct, but the notes are only casual remarks without descriptions,
and a supposed vernacular name alone decides nothing about the name of the
species. As the real FrancoUn occurs also in Asia Minor, the name was evidently
known to tl-.e Europeans in Smyrna and was by them misapplied to the Sand-
grouse. Such misappUcations of vernacular names are frequent — I know, for

NOVTTATES ZooLoaiCAE XXIV. 1917. 287

example, that in Marocco some Spanish residents called the Little Bustard
" FrancoHn."

After all this it is, I hope, clear that the Francolin cannot, under any cir-
cumstances, be called " Francolinus orlentalis," as Buturlin would have it, and
that the Black-bellied or Imperial Sandgrouse is to be named :

Pterocles orlentalis (L.).

Now to the correct name of the Francolin. Linne called a bird Tetrao
francolinus {Syst. Nat. ed. xii. i. p. 275, 1766). The short diagnosis is :
" Tetrao pedibus nudis calcaratis, abdomine gulaque atris, cauda cuncata."
Wretchedly short as this description is, it does well for the Francolin and excludes
any Sandgrouse ("pedibus nudis calcaratis"), except the description of the
tail, which is not cuneate in the F«'ancohn ; this mistake might either have
arisen from Linnaeus mixing up his own Tetrao orientalis of 1758 with the franco-
linus of 1766, or from the figure of Tournefort, in which the tail looks as if it
were pointed. We must now turn to Linnaeus's quotations. These are rather
puzzling, for he first quotes his Tetrao orientalis, though not as of 1758 {Syst.
Nat. ed. x.), but only " Hasselquist, iter 278, n. 43." As I have shown above,
there is no doubt whatever that the latter is purely and entirely the Pterocles,
and as the diagnosis (feet bare and with spurs) excludes the latter, the "archi-
ater " clearly made a mistake in thinking (very carelessly) that the Tetrao orientalis
was the same as the T. francolinus. He further quotes Gesner, Tournefort,
OHna, Edwards, and Brisson. Of these only Edwards and Brisson give full
descriptions, Edwards a coloured, Brisson a black-and-white plate, Tournefort
a recognisable black-and-white figure but no description, Gesner contains irre-
levant short notes. OUna figures and describes a bird which appears to be the
female of the Francolin, and he calls it " franquellino," but he says that it lives
in Barbary, in great numbers in Tunisia, but also in Spain, Sicily — and the Alps !
Thus most of his localities are wrong. As the spurs (which are only found in
the male) are only seen in Edwards's plate, Linnaeus must principally have
used Edwards. The locality given by Tournefort is Samos, while Edwards
(1758) described the bird from Cyprus. Brisson (1760) mentions Italj-, Cyprus,
Samos, and Egypt, from where it is said to have been brought to Malta.

In Italy the bird appears only to have been introduced, though it lived
formerly in Sicily ; in Samos it was common, and may exist now ; but it is Cyprus
where it occurs even now and used to be common, and from Cyprus speci-
mens Edwards fully described and figured it. I therefore accept Cyprus as the
terra typica for the Tetrao francolinus L., and this is, in my opinion, the only
course one can take, moreover the same form occurs in Asia Minor and Samos.

VII. THE FORMS OF FRANCOLINUS PONDICERIANVS.

In the Catalogue of Birds, xxii. pp. 141-143, no subspecies of F. pondi-
cerianus were separated, but three forms are distinguishable.

Tetrao pondicerianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 760 (1789 — «x Sonnerat,
Voyage aux Indes, ii. p. 165), was described from Pondicherrj- on the Coromandel
coast. The name, therefore, refers to the form inhabiting South India, for
example, Tuticorin, Pondicherry, Madras, Mysore, to Ahmednagar and Belgaum,
and the northernmost part of Ceylon (Jaffna). This bird is distinguished from

288 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917.

the other forms by the large longitudinal ochraceous patch on the throat, which
is surrounded by a (more or less incomplete) line of black spots, and there is a
strong ochraceous tinge on the chest.

The rest of British India, from Sindh, the Punjab and Rajputana eastwards
to about the 88th degree of longitude, is inhabited by a very similar form, but
the middle of the throat is not ochraceous but creamy white, and there is no or
very httle ochraceous tinge on the chest. This form has no name — it is figured
in Gray and Hardwicke's III. 1ml. Zool. as Perdix orientalis, but that name is
antedated by Perdix orientalis of Horsfield, and I name it therefore :

Francolinus pondicerianus interpositus subsp. nov.

Type: <J June 1870, Oudh. (Tring Museum.)

A third form inhabits South Persia, Southern Afghanistan, and Baluchistan,
and there is a skin from Muscat in the British Museum. This form is hke F.
pondicerianus interpositus in the colour of the throat and chest, but the upperside
is very much paler, much more greyish. It has been well described as:

Francolinus pondicerianus mecianensis

by Zarudny and Harms, Orn. Mormtsher. 1913, p. 53, the type being from Persian
Baluchistan.

We have thus :

F. pondicerianus pondicerianus (Gm.), South India and North Ceylon.

P. pondicerianus interpositus Hart., North-western India.

F. pondicerianus mecranensis Zar. and Harms, South Persia, Baluchistan,
Afghanistan .

VIII. THE SUBSPECIES OF FRANCOLINUS FRANCOLINUS.

Like so many other game-birds, the non-migratory members of the genus
Francolinus have developed into a number of geographical races. In the Cata-
logue of Birds, vol. xxii., the latter were, as a rule, not distinguished, though the
author, even at that time, condescended now and then to acknowledge subspecies,
which, however, in some cases [vide Perdix damascena, Chrysolophus obscurus)
were not geographical forms.

The disentanglement of the subspecies of Francolinus jrancolinus has caused
me considerable difficulty. Not only is material wanting from several important
areas, but not less than six supposed new forms have been named by Messrs.
Buturlin and Zarudny.

Even a cursory glance at the boxes of Francolinus jrancolinus in the British
or Tring Museums shows that there are a number of conspicuous geographical
races.

The francolins from Cyprus, Asia Minor, and Palestine are separated from
those of India and Persia by their large size (long wings) ; the spurs of the males
are always present and often long and pointed, the coloration is dark. As I
have explained before, Cyprus is the "terra typica " for the name jrancolinus;
Francolinus vulgaris is only a new name for Tetrao jrancolinus, Francolinus
triatriatus (Cyprus) a clear synonym.

Francolinus jrancolinus caucasicus Buturlin, 1907, from "Transcaucasia,"

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 289

was described as being large, the rufous ring round the neck wide and very dark
chestnut, underside strongly spotted with white, even on the chest and sides
of chest. Of these characters (and some others not worth mentioning) the
width of the chestnut ring is of no value as it varies according to preparation ;
the large size and dark chestnut colour of the neck-ring agree fully with F.
francolinus francolinus. I have only seen one male of this supposed subspecies,
in the British Museum ; it is said to be from Lenkoran and was received from
the Florence Museum, or rather its late director. Professor Giglioli, who had
got it from Badde. The locahty must be wrong, as Radde expressly stated
that it was never found near Lenkoran, and it is probably from the Kura Valley
or the Lower Araxes. It agrees with F. francolinus francolinus, but is more
profusely spotted on the underside, there being some white spots even on the
chest — just as described by Buturhn, *'ho had seven males ! In this great amount
of white spotting the specimen is approached by two males from Cyprus and
Asia Minor, but under the circumstances we must, for the time being, provision-
ally admit this form, F. f. Caucasians, as a subspecies. On the same page Buturhn
also described a "Francolinus orientalus sarudnyi " * from four males from North
Persia and the Lower Atrek. I have hardly any doubt that this "sarudnyi"
is the same as caucasicus, as it differs, in the opinion of Buturlin, merely by
wider white bars on the rump, which are about 1 mm. instead of 05 mm. wide ;
the width of these bands varying to some extent, this character cannot, without
further material, be admitted as of any value.

A third, very distinct, form is the one inhabiting Sindh, Baluchistan, South-
eastern and Southern Persia to Fao and Baghdad. It is altogether paler, lighter,
and much smaller. The females, too, are very much Kghter. I accept for
this form Bonaparte's name henrici {Compt. Rend. Acad. [Paris], xlii. p. 882,
1856, Sindh). It is true that the description is insufficient, all that is said being
" major, alis brevioribus," but as it has smaller wings, this, in connection with
the definite locality, makes the name acceptable. That the type was generally
larger, was probably due to a greater amount of straw on cotton-wool. As the
Sindh birds are quite like those from Persian Baluchistan and Seistan in East
Persia, Zarudny's name hoglanovi (" Francolinus orientalis bogdanovi," Orn.
Monatsber. 1906, p. 151) becomes a synonym. As I find that examples from Fao,
from Farsistan (collected by Witherby), and Baghdad (British Museum) are
indistinguishable, I am almost sure that " Prnncolimis orientalis arabistanicus"
Zarudny and Harms, Orn. Monatsber. 1913, p. 54, from the " Zagrossische und
Mesopotamische Gebiet Persiens," described on feeble grounds, must be the
same, too.

Quite different from F. francolinus francolinus and henrici is the bird from
the north-western parts of India. It is, in both sexes, very much like F. f.
francolinus in coloration, but considerably smaller. The spurs of the male are
always short and blunt and sometimes absent. In order not to be obliged to
riiake a new name or to accept the absurd name " europaeus," we are justified
in adopting Bonaparte's name "asiae" for this form. It is true that the whole
diagnosis is " Minor ex Asia " — but not " Asia Minor," as Ogilvie-Grant wrongly
quoted in the Catalogue of Birds ! The above of course means that " asiae "

• In phonetic transliteration this ornithologist's name is spelt with an S in German, with a
Z in English. Therefore species or subspecies named in his honoiir have also been spelled with
8 and z ; we have, of course, to preserve the original speUing in each case.
19

290 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXI V. 1917.

lives in Asia, and is smaller than F. f. francolinus. As Bonaparte expressly
separated '' henrici" and was not likely to have the rarer " melanonotm," we
may accept the name asiae for the Francolin from the north-western parts of
India. It seems to me that " Francolimis orientalis europaeiis " Buturhn,
Orn. Moimtsher. 1907, p. 81, is a synonym. It was described from a specimen
with uncertain localitj', believed to be from Greece. As of the many state-
ments of the occurrence of Francolins in Greece none are creditable, we must
assume that Francolins never lived in Greece, and therefore dismiss Buturlin's
suggested locality. The description of " europaeiis " suits best our " asiae."
There is only one possibility, i.e. that the now extinct Sicilian Francolin was
smaller than F. f. francolinus, as Dresser said it seemed to be ; in that case
the name " europaeus " might refer to that extinct form. I hope to receive,
before long, information about this, from Italy, where some specimens from
Sicily are preserved, according to Arrigoni degli Oddi.

A last distinct form is F. francolinus melanonotus (Hume, Stratj Feathers,
xi. p. 305, 1899, As.sam and Manipur). This form ranges from easternmost
Nepal to Assam, Manipur, Dacca, Maunbhoom. It has the barring of the rump
much finer, the white bars being quite narrow, besides some other differences.
The name melanonotus was overlooked, and therefore not quoted by the author
of vol. xxii. of the Catalogue of Birds.

IX. FRANCOLINUS BICALCARATUS AND ITS RACES.

When Mr. Ogilvie-Grant wrote vol. xxii. of the Catalogue of Birds, the
British Museum possessed only specimens of the typical bicalcaratus, which was
described by Linne (1766) from the Senegal (ex Brisson). In 1815, not considering
the name bicalcaratus suitable, Temminck renamed it adansonii, and gave as its
locality " Gambia, Niger." Another synonym is albiscapus Reichenbach, 1853.

Reichenow (Vog. Afr. i.) mentioned the dark coloration of the Sierra Leone
specimens, and in 1902 Ogilvie-Grant described them as a new species, under
the name of Francolinus thornei (Bull. B. 0. Club. xiii. p. 22). Sierra Leone
specimens are indeed much darker on the back, crown, rump, and tail, and the
chestnut colour on the breast is, as a rule, darker, the creamy colour less in
extent. This is very striking in a series, but some specimens are less typical
than others. There can be no doubt that thornei is merely a subspecies of
bicalcaratus, although its distribution is most peculiar. Typical F. b. bical-
caratus is not only found in Senegambia, but also on the Niger below Timbuktu,
in Hausaland (Zaria), on the Gold Coast (Accra). Also a series collected by
Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea (Bissao, etc.) agrees well with Senegal .specimens
(ten specimens collected by Riggenbach, all very constant), but a few are some-
what darker, and one is not, so far as 1 can see, distinguishable from Maroccan
specimens. A dark form has also been described by Oscar Neumann {Orn.
Monatsber. 1915, p. 73) from Garua in Adamaua. According to the description
it must be very similar to thornei, and a male which the Tring Museum received
in exchange from the Berlin Museum, labelled —

Tetrao bicalcaratus L.

Mai. Adamaua ? Ostgrenze ?

Kamerun 33741 v. Camap,

therefore surely from near Garua, as in Kamerun proper the species does not

NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 291

occur, is, in my opinion, quite indistinguishable from thornei. We would thus
have a mo^t extraordinary distribution of this dark form, which requires further
investigation.

Tliere is, moreover, a third form of F. hicnlcaratus. The species occurs
also in Western Marocco, i.e. within the palaearctic region.

According to Reid (Ibis, 1885, p. 251) the late Olcese, natural history
dealer in Tanger, received six specimens alive, which were caught by natives
inland of Casa Blanca (not Cape Blanco, as Ogilvie-Grant says), and the same
autlior says that this Francolin is said to be "common" near Mogador. Irby
states that it is found as far north as Rabat.

The specimens received by Olcese died and were converted into skins.
From Mogador several consignments of live specimens have been received in
England, but I doubt that the bird is " common " near that town, for F. W.
Riggenbach, who very successfully collected there for about two years, in spite
of our repeated requests for Francolins, failed to come across it. In fact, I am
not aware of a single Francolin obtained in a wild state in Marocco. Of the
birds received by Olcese I have examined three, two in the Dresser collection,
kindly lent me by the authorities of the Manchester Museum, and one in the
British Museum. These birds differ at a glance from our series of topo-typical
bicalcaratus, the crown being not so pale and more reddish, I should say cinnamon
rufous or dark reddish cinnamon. The rest of the upperside is more rufescent,
the back slightly darker. The underside is also less light, agreeing with that
of F. b. thornei. I am convinced that this Maroccan form is a subspecies distinct
both from F. b. bicalcaratu.s and thornei. The colour-differences of the upperside
are not likely to be, the markings of the underside cannot be, due to captivity.
Moreover, with these three birds agrees absolutely a well-made skin in the Tring
Museum, which is evidently that of a wild bird. Unfortunately its locahty is
unknown It is labelled " Francolinus bicalcordus" (.sic!). South Africa, Dr.
Smith. Now, it is certain that no F. bicalcaratu.s occurs in South Africa, there-
fore this specimen must bo from somewhere else, and it might just as well be
from Marocco as from elsewhere. Thus far the Maroccan bird would be " all
right," but the male collected by Giffard in Gambaga, Togoland Hinterland, is
also indistinguishable from the Maroccan birds, and one of F. b. thornei from
Sierra Leone is on the upperside like it too, while two from the Senegal in the
British Museum (G. Blaine coll.) and one of Riggcnbach's Senegal males have
similarly reddish crowns of the head. The throat feathers of the Maroccan
birds are not quite creamy white, but pale reddish cinnamon on their edges,
but this is probably of no consequence, as it is found also in some thornei and
indicated in some Senegal specimens.

The fact of the occurrence of this tropical African species in Marocco is so
interesting, that it must be emphasised, and I therefore — though, after all the
explanations I have given, I am well aware of the risk and possibility of adverse
criticism — propose to separate the Maroccan Francolin and call it :

Francolinus bicalcaiatos ayesha subsp. nov.*

Type : cj ad., said to be from Rabat, in Marocco, in the Dresser Collection
now in Manchester.

* Ayesha (in the Maghrebin Aisha) was the favourite wife of Mohammed, and a frequent name
in Mohammedan countries.

292 NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXIV. 1917.

On the labels of the specimens from the Dresser Collection, which were
once in the Lilford Museum, the Arab name is given as " Hadjel-es-Sahara '*
and " Raragh." The former is evidently' nonsense, for " Hadjel " is the Gaccabis
(rectius Alecloris — see above), but " Raragh " may be the genuine name of this
species. The label also says that the Britons of Mogador call the Francolin
" English Partridge," which woiild imply that it loas not rare there — but why
did Riggenbach not get it ?

There is an excellent plate of this form in Dresser's Suppl. B. Europe, pi. 703.

The occurrence of this tropical species in Marocco is only known along the
Atlantic coast. Like all the other representatives of tropical species, it must
have found its way there along the coast of the Western Sahara, for, as I have
pointed out before, all of them are either found only in the north of Marocco,
Algeria, and Tunisia, or in the west. The other species to which I refer are :

Telephonus sencgalus cucullatus. Northern Marocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

Pycnonotus harbatus barbatus. Northern Marocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

Asio capensis tingitanus, Marocco, northernmost Algeria.

Melierax canoras mehibates. Mogador to Mazagan in Western Marocco.

StreptopeUa senegalensis pJioenicophila, Northern Oasis of Western Sahara.

Otis arabs, Marocco and West Algeria.

If any of these birds had crossed the Sahara, they would be most frequent
in the southern parts of Africa Minor.

X. THE SYNONYMY OF TETRAO PARVIROSTRIS.

In the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii. p. 66, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant quotes as synonyms
of Tetrao parvirostris, " Tetrao urogalliis, var. rupestris and T. u., var. minor Pallas,
Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 58." Both quotations are wrong, as Pallas did not
give any such names. Pallas only said that Messerschmid described a smaller
variety, and that the bird was called by the Russians " Kamenoi Gluchar," which
meant Rock-Capercaillie. ("Messerschmidius mireorew statuebat varietatem Uro-
galli, cujus foeminam describit :" follows description. Further on, on p. 59 :
" Russis Kamenoi Gluchar (UrogaUus rupestris) vocatur").

Both names, rupestris and minor, would have priority over parvirostris,
if they had been given by PaUas to the species, but rupestris would be antici-
pated by Gmelin in 1789.

The first name of the species is Tetrao urogalloides Middendorff, which,
however, was anticipated by Nilsson.

I have compared specimens from SachaUn and found them to be indis-
tinguishable from others from the mainland. " Tetrao urogalloides, var. /9
sachalinensis" Bogdanoff, 1884, is therefore a synonym of parvirostris.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 293

ON NEW AND INSUFFICIENTLY KNOAVN INDO-AUSTRALIAN

GEOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PEOUT, F.E.S.

SuBFAM. OENOCHROMINAE.
1. Celerena angustisignata spec. nov.

?, 60-62 mm. Head yellow. Terminal joint of palpus rather short, black.
Thorax and abdomen concoloroiis with wings, front of thorax more orange.

Forezving deep chrome or cadmium yellow ; proximal third of costal margin
slate-grey, black at extreme base and very narrowly along costal edge ; a
narrow slate-grey, distally black-edged band arising at the end of this grey
shading, running at first in the direction of tomus or hinder end of termen, but
curving very slightly in the end of the cell, interrupted at the fold 6 or 7 mm.
from termen, reappearing merely as some feeble grey shading at and behind
SM' ; distal border slate-grey, najrrowly edged proximally (except at extreme
posterior end) with black ; 8 or 9 mm. wide at costa, narrowing rapidly to R'
(where it is about 3 mm. wjde), then more gradually (scarcely 1 mm. at tomus).

Hindwing with the slate-grej' border quite narrow throughout, its black

proximal edging thick anteriorly', tapering posteriorly.

Underside with the markings mainly black ; apex of forewing and fringes
greyer ; proximal band of forewing broadened and rather diffuse.

Sudest Island, January — February 1916 (type) and March 1916, Mount
Riu, 2,000 feet (paratype) ; both in coll. Tring Museum, collected by Eichhom
brothers.

Perhaps a local form of prodroma Meyr. or probola Prout (Nov. Zool.
xxiii. 5). In any case it will require a name.

SuBFAM. HEMITHEINAE.
2. Hypodoxa emiliaria subleprosa subsp. nov.

(J, 42-44 mm. ; $, 44-48 mm. Markings of name-typical emiliaria Gucn.,
except that the antemedian line makes a rather stronger outward projection
in the cell ; coloration of upperside in both sexes closely hke that of leprosa
leprosa Warr., the distal area in the ? participating in some measure in the
heavy dark markings of fulgurea Prout (which I now regard as another sub-
species of emiliaria).

Underside nearly as in e. emiliaria, the ? (but not the S) with a black
discal dot or small dot developed on the hindwing.

Mount Rossel, Rossel .Island, November — December 1915 (VV. F. Eich-
hom), 2 (J (J, 4 $?, in coll. Tring Museum.

3. Dysphania endoleuca spec. nov.
?, 84-93 mm. Face cadmium yellow at sides, blackish down the middle.
Palpus blackish, first and second joints cadmium yellow beneath. Thorax in front

294 NOVITATES Z00L00ICA£ XXIV. 1917.

cadmium j'ellow with a few dark markings, pectus mostly yellow ; thorax above
mostly concolorous with forewing, a narrow yellowish transverse band behind
middle. Abdomen above purple-brown with whitish belts, on the last few
segments cadmium yellow ; beneath belted, cadmium yellow and blackish.

Forewing with costal margin verj- slightly cur\'ed, at least in distal part ;
blackish purple, with the markings white ; an oblique band frcm base of hind-
margin nearly to the origin of M=, mostly bounded anteriorly by M ; a some-
what oblique transverse median band, nearly as in cyune Cram., but rather more
regular ; the postdiscal spots between the radials small and well separated, the
subapical series nearly as in cyane, the mark between M- and tornus small,

sinuous and vague, especially in its posterior part. Hindwing similar to that

of cyane, the dark subbasal area rather more oblique, connected with the dark
border by some shading in front of SC, the cell-mark smaller, the projection cf
the white median area behind it rather more s-hallcw, the submarginal zigzag
band lighter and brighter (cadmium yellow), with the outward teeth less acute
and with a single, rather broad projection to termen along submcdian fold,
whereas cyane .shows two slender projections or dashes (on M= and fold).

Underside similar, the hindwing with subbasal band only connected with,
the dark border in front of C, the yellow submarginal band broadened.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains. Dutch New Guinea, up to 3,500 ft.,
October— December, 191(1 (A. S. Meek), 2 2$ in coll. Tring Museum.

Rather recalls some ? forms of Ujrianthina Butl., in which, however, inter
alia, the white median area of the hindwing is interrupted by the ground-colour
at abdominal margin and the venter is not yellow-belted. I conjecture that
endoleiica may be the cyane of Oberthiir's " Lep. Dorei " {Ann. Mus. Genova,
xii. 469, indescr.) and possibly of Pagenstecher's "Lep. Aru-Inseln " (Jatirb.
Nass. Ver. Xat. xxxix. 162, indescr.) ; I have only seen true cyane Cram, from
Ceram, Gis.ser I.sland, Amboina, and Saparoea, and would provisionally alter the
given range (Lep. Cat. pt. 14, p. 26) accordingly.

4. Dyspbania militaris abnegata siibsp. nov.

Paler yellow than m. militaris L., abdomen without dark belts.

Forewing with the oblique antemedian black streak between SJP and hind-
margin almost invariably reduced to a very fine and slight dash, very often

entirely obsolete. Hindwing with basal band usually slender or obsolete ;

very generally with postmedian band more sknder than in in. militaris, often
more or less interrupted.

Hainan, type (Weng Chang, July 1902) in coll. Tring Museum.

Gut of a series of nearly 60 examined, from various localities on the island,
only three show the hindmarginal black streak of forewing in at all good develop-
ment, and these remain distinguishable by the pale ground-colour. In the very
few aberrations of M. militaris in which the corresponding mark is reduced, the
rest of the antemedian band participates in the reduction, which is rarely the
case in m. abnegata.

5. Dysphania latiplaga ab. chrysostathes ab. nov.
All the normally white parts of forewing concoltTcus with the normally
yellow parts of hindwing.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

295

Kolawi, Central Celebes, June, August, October, and November, 1912 (Dr.
Martin), 7 cJtJ in coll. Tring Mnseuni, together with 5 which agree with the
normal South Celebes form of latipliga Warr. ; Palos Bay, Celebes, 1 cj in coll.
Joicey.

6. Omithospila succincta spec. ncv.

o $, 38-40 mm. Very similar to cincta Walk. S antenna with similar
(rather short) pectinations, which, however, are continued a little farther
distally. Palpus on outer side sometimes with some weak green admixture ; in
2 shorter than in cincki 5.

Forewing of the same green as in cincta ; costal edge more narrowly dark-
ened and with some whitish admip^turc ; dark yellow-green lines and cell-
mark as in cincta ; distal border redder, narrower, scarcely more than a line,
which thickens slightly between the veins ; fringe distally and at vein-ends

whitish. Hindwing on an average more elongate towards tomus than in

cincta ; termen as on forewing ; fringe narrowly white proximally between the
veins from SC- to SM-.

Government Hill, Penang, 1,000 ft., May 19-24, 1898 (Curtis), type and
others in coll. Tring Museum. Also in coll. British Museum from Penang, 2,260
ft., March 22, 1898, 1 o' 'S. 8. Flower), Sandakan, N.E. Borneo, 1 3 (W. B. Pryer),
and Sarawak. 1 ?.

7. Gelasma auspicata spec. nov.

(J, 32 mm. Face and palpus dark red, the latter strongly mixed with black,
its underside whitish. Vertex and antennal shaft whitish ochreous ; antenna
pectinate to the 30th joint. Occiput and upperside of thorax green ; thorax
beneath and most of abdomen whitish ochreous.

Forewing with apex rather acute, termen nearly straight, but not quite so
straight as in veninotata Warr. ; opaque grey-green, very slightly greyer at the
position of the blotch of underside ; costal edge ochreous, irregularly dotted
with dark purple-red ; lines verj' fine, lunula te-dentate, whitish, with cleaner
white dots on some of the veins ; antemedian from about one-fourth costa to
one-third hindmargin, in the type very indistinct ; postmedian at just beyond
two-thirds, with deeper lunule inward between M* and SM- ; a small and faint
dark-green cell-dot ; terminal line daik purple-red, interiupted bj- small pale
ochreous dots at the veins ; fringe pale ochreous, with conspicuous dark-red

spots opposite the veins and with a slight reddish darkening distally. Hindwing

quadi'ate (section Thulerura), but with the tail at R^ shorter than in veninotata ;
as forewing except in the unmarked costa and lack of first line and in the elcnga-
tion of the discal mark.

Underside paler, especially the hindwing and posterior part of forewing ;
forewing with the ochreous costal edge unspotted, terminal line slightly
thickened, a purple-fuscous terminal blotch of about 2 mm. width from tomus
about to R' and some slight strigulae anteriorly ; hindwing with corresponding
blotch from apex about to R- and some strigulae posteriorly.

Khasis. Type in coll. Tring Museum ; paratype in coll. L. B. Prout.

Differs from veninotata in shape, in the red terminal line and the more
strongly spotted fringes.

296 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

8. Tbalassodes ftirvifimbria .spec. nov.

cJ, 37 mm. ; ?, 39—11 mm. Face green. Palpus elongate (in 3 almost,
in ? more than, twice as long as diameter of eye ; third joint in cjas long as, in ?
longer than, second joint), green, beneath white. Vertex green, only very narrowly
white in front. Hindtibia in 3 not dilated. Abdomen wthout dorsal orna-
mentation.

Forewing sliaped, coloured, and marked as in the typical group, the white

lines straight ; fringe, except at extreme base, dark grey. Hindwing with

the angle at R' moderate or rather slight ; postmedian line .slight ; fringe as
on forewing.

Ceylon : Pundaloya, December {type S), July and undated (2 $?), in coll.
Tring Museum ; a o without date and a ? April, in coll. British Museum, ex
coll. E. E. Green.

Easily distinguished by the dark fringes and the 3 structure ; both the
other green-faced Indian species in which the 3 hindtibia is undilated (aucta
Prout and falsaria Prout) have shorter palpus and j'ellow fringes. Ihe <? type
has unfortunately lost the fringes, but is chosen for the structural charactei-s.

9. Prasinocjona fragilis solida subsp. nov.

Deeper green than /. fragilis Warr., the white lines fainter, the white spots
distally to the discocellulars almost or altogether obsolete.

Rossel Island: Mount Eossel, 2,100 ft., November— December 1915 (W. F.
Eichhorn). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

10. Metallochlora exorista .spec. nov.

3, 32 mm. Closely similar to meeki Warr. and its subspecies tenuilinea
Warr., differing as follows :

Antennal teeth shorter. Forewing with costal margin more markedly

arched posteriorly, distal margin slightly more oblique ; costal margin more
broadl}' and brightly red, at extreme edge heavily mixed with black ; a dis-
tinct, though minute, black cell-dot present ; minute black dashes on SC and
sometimes on R' distally to the median silvery streak and proximaUy to the

subterminal ; terminal dots somewhat enlarged towards apex. Hindwing

more produced in middle of distal margin, the submarginal silverj' line in con-
sequence more acutely bent. — — ^Underside without the apical blotch of hindwing
or distal grcj' band.

Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, March 1903 (A. S. Meek). Type in
coll. Tring Museum.

11. Metallochlora mihtaris satisJacta subsp. nov.

Forewing with the yellow costal edge somewhat widened, rather strongly
dark-dotted. Both wings with the red cell-dot larger, almost as in sanguini-
puncla Warr., the submarginal dots enlarged into dashes, placed rather farther
from the termen, the yellow border consequently somewhat widened. Hind
wing, as well as forewing, beneath with a fuscous apical dot.

Goodenough Island, 2,500-4,000 ft, April and May 1913 (A. S. Meek). 4 $?

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 297

in coll. Tring Museum, including type. Also a slightly worn ? from Milne Bay,
British New Guinea, December 1898.

M. sanguinipuncta Warr., from the Key Islands, is very likely also a sub-
species of militaris, with the submarginal dots placed as in m. satisjacta, but
red and not enlarged, the space between them and the termen remaining green ;
but it further differs in showing pairs of vague wavy lines in place of the vague
blotches Only Warren's two originals (his type $ and a small worn $ un-
accountably registered. Nov. Zool. v. 422, as milikiris) are yet known to me.

12. Episothalma sequestrata spec. nov.

(J ?, 38-42 mm. Very similar to obscurata Warr. 5 with third joint of
palpus considerably shorter than seCond (in obscurata longer than second), the
abdomen more robust, with crests vestigial.

Forewing in both sexes ^^•ith termen less strongly sinuous, more feebly
crenulate ; lighter grey-green (perhaps .sage-green when freshly bred) ; markings
of upperside similar, but with the antemedian line more deeply bent outward
in cell, reaching the discocellulars, both lines less strongly marked with white
on their reverse sides, distal dark .shading weaker, confined to posterior half of

wing. Hindwing with termen less crenulate than in obscurata ; subtermina]

dark shading narrower, sometimes interrupted. Forewing beneath with the

dark distal cloud restricted, at termen reaching frcm tornus scarcely to M^ in
a width of less than 2 mm., between M' and M' still narrower, subterminal,
anteriorly obsolete. Hindwing beneath with the subterminal dark band much
narrowed, especially in posterior part, touching tennen at apex and tornus only,
between radial fold and BP weak or almost interrupted.

Milne Bay, British New Guinea, November — December 1898 (A. S. Meek).
Type (J, December, in coll. Tring Museum. Also 1 $ from Goodenough Island,
December 1896.

Mr. Meek took E. obscurata at the same place in December 1898 (1 ?) and
January — -February 1899 (3 (J(J, 1 ?) ; on account of the great difference in the
? palpus there can be no question as to their specific distinctness.

13. Hemithea subflavida copiosa subsp. nov.

?. Wings rather broader than in s. reducta Warr. (Dutch New Guinea),
approaching the shape of the preceding species. Underside with the dark borders
rather broader than in s. reducta and in addition with the postmedian line (or
shade) present, on the forewing partly fuscous, on the hindwing olivaceous.

Bougainville, Solomon Islands, April 1904 (A. S. Meek), 2 $? in coll. Tring
Museum.

The known forms of H. subflavida now furnish regular transitions in shape,
through Episothalma sequestrata to E. obscurata, and suggest that the genus
Episothalma will have to be merged in Hemithea. In any case the three species
named, together with E. subaurata Warr., form a very natural group.

14. Hemithea insularia duplicata subsp. nov.

Darker and greyer green than i. insularia Guen. (Spec. Gin. Lip. ix. 385 ;
Oberth. Et. Lip. xii. t. 390. f. 3297), the blotches beneath highly developed,

298 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

showing through as slight green shadows on the upperside ; an additional
narrow dark patch more or less developed on the hindwing beneath, between
the tomus and M'.

Fergusson Island, October — December 1894 (A. 8. Meek), type S and 2 $? ;
Milne Bay, British New Guinea. December 1898 — Februaiy 1899 (A. S. Meek),
(J, 2 ?? ; Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low elevation, August 1907
(A. S. Meek), 2 ??. All in coll. Tring Museum.

The abdominal crests look better developed than in i. hisularia, of which,
however, little first-rate material is accessible to me.

15, Hemithea wuka Isabella subsp. nov.

?. Forewing slightly broader still than in w. wuka Pagenst. ; postmedian
line rather more excurved ; some greyish shading in distal area, indicating faintly

the position of the blotch beneath ; terminal dots and fringe yellower. Hhid-

wing with similar distinctions, the outward projection of the postmedian line
still more pronounced. Forewing beneath with subterminal blotch or half-
band from tomus almost to R' and very faint shadow-band anteriorly. Hind-
wing beneath with the usual apical blotch long and strong, a tornal blotch
nearly as on forewing.

Isabel Island, Soh luons. June 4 — July 9, 1901 (A. S. Meek), type in coll.
Tring Museum.

Possibly a separate species.

16. Diplodesma planata spec. nov.

S, 22-23 mm. ; '+', 24-27 mm. Head dull green, between the antennae
narrowly white. Palpus in $ with third joint longer than in the ussuriaria group.
Thorax above green. Abdomen paler.

Forewing with termen nearly straight, a little more oblique than in most
of the species ; venation in S as in typical Diplodesma, in $ with SC* not or
scarcely touching C, yet approaching much more closely than in the ussuriaria
group ; dull green ; costal edge very narrowly ochreous, with fine blackish
dots ; lines white, very fine ; antemedian indistinct or obsolescent, slightly
excurved in cell and incurved about M ; postmedian at nearly two-thirds, verj'
gently curved anteriorly, then almost straight or with an exceedingly slight
inward cun-e in its posterior half ; cell-dot not or scared}' discernible ; no

terminal line ; fringe unmarked. Hindwing shaped about as in subexpressa

Walk, and contracta Warr., the abdominal margin being considerably elongate,
the tail at R' well developed ; antemedian line wanting, postmedian slightly
or scarcely sinuous, very feebly bent at R'.

Underside whitish green, unmarked, the hindwing slightly whiter than the
forewing.

N.W. India : Simla, type <J (labelled by Warren celataria ab. plaim, but not
published); Subathu, June — August 18S9, both sexes; Kuiu district, a pair.
AU in coll. Tring Museum.

17. Diplodesma planata dorsinigrata subsp. nov.

Differs from the name-typical form, as described above, in having the
costal edge of the forewing more strongly dotted with black, the discal mark of

NOYITATES ZOOLOGICAIC XXIV. 1917. 29&

both wings more noticeably darkened, and especially in having a conspicuous
black patch on the third and fourth abdominal tergites.
Khasis. S S3, in coll. Tring Mu.seum.

18. Diplodesma mystica spec. nov.

?, 27 mm. Face deep red, narrowly white below. Palpus twice as long as
diameter of eye, third joint as long as second ; red above, white beneath. Vertex
white. Thorax and abdomen pale greenish above, whitish beneath. Hindtibia
without median spurs.

Foreiving with termen gently curved ; SC from near end of cell, SC arising
after SC, R' stalked, M' connate ; *pale ohve-yellow (probably faded) ; costal
edge white ; a fine, not very conspicuous white hne from three-fifths hind-
margin, nearly parallel with termen about to R' or R», then curving slightly
away from it, but becoming obsolescent ; no terminal line ; fringe whitish.

Hindwing with abdominal margin fairly long, termen full, very feebly

bent at R> and inappreciably at R' ; C approximated to SC for a short
distance near base, M' stalked ; as forewing, the hne about central, complete,
very gently curved.

Underside whitish, unmarked.

South Celebes, August— September 1S91 (W. Doherty). Type in coll. Tring
Museum.

Will not fit into any known genus, but in the absence of the 3 I place it
in Diphdesma, Sect. IV. (Gen. Ins. fasc. 129, p. 185), into which— assuming that
the cJ frenulum is present— it would fall by my Key (loc. cii. p. 13). SC of fore-
wing, C of hindwing, and the shape are, however, against this location.

19. Hemistola malacbitaria spec. nov.

<?, 27 mm. Face blackish on upper half ; whitish ochreous on lower.
Palpus slender, not reaching beyond frons ; whitish ochreous, with some blackish
irroration on outer side. Vertex narrowly whitish ; occiput green. Antennal
shaft whitish ochreous ; pectinations slender, not long, rather widely separated,
becoming very short towards the 20th joint. Thorax and abdomen green.
Hindtibia not dilated.

Forewing with DC not very deeply curved, SC from near base of stalk of
SC-', anastomosing moderately with C, R' barely stalked ; light green, almost
as in chrysoprasaria Esp., only a shade more bluish; antemedian hne scarcely
indicated ; postmedian whitish, quite indistinct, especially anteriorly, appar-
ently not crenulate, perhaps slightly more oblique than in chrysoprasaria ; no

terminal line. Hindtving with termen rounded ; postmedian line cui-ved

almost as strongly as in dispnrtita Walk.

Underside scarcely paler ; unmarked.

Kukli, N.W. India, August 1891. Type in coll. Tring Museum.

In spite of the colour and the shorter antennal pectinations, this is probably
nearer to dispartita than to chrysoprasaria, and I expect the 9 will prove to have
non-pectinate antenna.

300' NovrrATES Zoolooicae XXIV. 1917.

20. Hemistola antigone spec. nov.

(J, 34 mm. ; ?, 36 mm. Face deeij red. Palpus in 3 not reaching beyond
frons, in $ with third joint a little longer, reaching beyond Irons ; deep red, be-
neath paler. Vertex pale green. Antenna in cJ with short pectinations to about
the 27th joint, the last few mere teeth, the longest of the inner series scarcely
longer than, of the outer series .scarcely three times as long as, the diameter of
the shaft ; in $ not pectinate. Thorax above green (abdomen in both examples
discoloured ; apparently with some red markings dorsally). Hindtibia in (J
dilated, with hair-pencil.

Forewinq with apex rather sharp, termen almost straight in the <J, rather
more bent in the middle in the $; SC free, R' stalked or separate; bluish
green, a little duller than in ruhrimargo Warr. ; costal edge very narrowly
ochreous, with dark dots ; first line slightlj^ indicated, apparently about a.s in
ruhrimargo ; cell-dot sharp, red mixed with black, with a slight pale circum-
scription ; postmedian line indistinct except near hindmargin — where it fonns
a deep lunule inward — ^and as white dots on the veins, apparently formed nearly
as in ruhrimargo, but more distally placed ; neither line accompanied by any
red dot ; terminal line red, mixed with black, slightly interrupted at the veins ;
fringe proximally white between the veins, with longer or shorter reddish marks
opposite the veins ; distally apparently reddish grey (sonie\\hat damaged).

Hindiving narrower than in ruhrimargo \^'arr. and fuscimargo Prout (Nov.

ZooL. xxiii. 16), abdominal margin long ; tail at R' rather strong ; C anasto-
mosing slightly with SC near base, M' almost connate with R' ; as forewing,
without antemedian line.

Underside whitish green, the discal dot.s shghtly indicated ; costal edge
of forewing light ochreous, more feebly dotted than above ; terminal line and
fringe nearly as above.

Khasis, Maj^ 1896. 3 type and a 9 in coll. Tring Museum.

The pale-ringed discal dots, .somewhat recalling Cyclothea disjuncta Walli.,
distinguish this from all other species of Hemistola.

21. lodis rhabdota spec. nov.

(J ?, 33-35 mm. On an average larger than iridescens ^^'arr. Palpus in £
with third joint a little shorter, antenna in S pectinate to about one-half its

length (in iridescens to about two-thirds), the branches not quite so long.

Forewing slightly broader, the termen less oblique ; SC connate (in one
example just from cell), free, R' stalked ; the white ground-colour rather less
opalescent than in iridescens, more tinged with green ; costal margin less dark ;
bands broader, the postmedian less obUque anteriorly, rather more dentate.
Hindioing with corresponding distinctions.

Khasis, Februarj' — March 1894. Type in coll. Tring Museum. Also a ,i
from Sikkim (Knyvett).

Intermediate in colour towards coeruleata Warr., which is still greener, has
nearly the shape of the present species, but the antennal structure of iridescens,
and is distinguished from both by the postmedian line of the forewing, which
is rather deeply sinuate inward between the radials and moderately between
M« and SM«.

NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXIV. 1917. 301

22. lodis colpostrophia spec. nov.

(J, 33 mm. Very similar to coeruleata Warr., possibly a local race of it.
Forewing with apex less pointed, termen distinctly curved (in coeruleata
straight) ; SC almost connate with SC-"', not anastomosing with C, R' connate,
M' just separate ; apparently rather deeper, and at the same time yellower,
green than in coeruleata (but probably a little discoloured in relaxing) ; bands
broader and still more ill-defined, except the second band distally, where it is
edged by a rather sharply white postmedian line, which is even more deeply
dentate than in coeruleata ; similar dark-green shading about DC, suggesting

a long-oval, pale-centred cell-mark (sometimes indicated in coeruleata).

Hindivmg rather broad, with the tail rather short ; the green antcmedian band
rather well developed except at coeta, partly merged with a green line just
outside DC, so as to enclose a roundish pale cell-mark.

South Java, 1,500 m., 1891 (H. Fruhstorfer). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

A $ from Rukit.Putus, Selangore, 3,000 ft., May 1896 (Curtis), is rather
larger ; palpus at least twice as long as diameter of eye, with long third joint ;
R' shortly stalked. I know no authentic $ of coeruleata, but in a worn specimen
from Digboi, Assam, which I have provisionally determined as such, the palpus
is not more than one-and-thrce-quarter times the diameter of eye.

23. lodis xynia spec. nov.

■S, 25-28 mm. ; ?, 32 mm. Face pale green. Palpus in <J fully half as
long again as diameter of eye, with third joint shortish ; in $ fully two-and-a-
half times diameter of eye, with third joint fully as long as second ; mixed with
ferruginous above, white beneath. Antenna in (J pectinate to one-half, with
longish branches. Vertex narrowly white ; occiput green. Thorax green
above, white beneath. Abdomen above green basally, otherwise whitish ;
beneath white. Hindtibia in 3 with strong ensheathed hair-pencil ; tarsus
slightly over one-half as long as tibia.

Wings shaped as in argutaria Walk, or iridescens Warr.- Forewing with

SC connate or occasionally stalked (in one Dharmsala 3 just separate), ana-
stomosing rather strongly with C and with SC ; opalescent white, the reflections
in most lights pearl-blue ; irroration fine, light oUve-greenish ; costal edge
ochreous ; the greenish shades which accompany the fines and cell-mark, as
well as that at distal margin, diffuse and ill-defined ; lines white ; antemedian
ill-defined at costa, less so posteriorly, placed at less than one-fourth the wing-
length anteriorly, lunulate outward between the veins (but not deeply), reach-
ing hind margin at about one-third ; postmedian more distinct, 2 or 3 mm.
from termen, lunulate-dentate, not .strongly incurved between the radials and
posteriorly, as near termen at SM- as at M' ; termen \vith minute and incon-
spicuous white dots at veins. Hiridwing with first line weak or obsolescent ;

otherwise similar.

Underside opalescent ^hite ; forewing with costal half tinged with greenish,
costal edge bright ochreous.

North India. Type, Khasis, March 1894, in coll. Tring Museum.

Represented in most collections, but hitherto apparently mixed with argu-
taria Walk., which is very different in the less long $ palpus, darker green colour,
deeply sinuous and posteriorly thickened postmedian line and various other points.

302 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917,

24. Berta poppaea spec. nov.

(J 9, 23 mm. Shape and structure about as in acte Swinh. (hindlegs lost
in the only cJ). Head and body olivaceous ; vertex only very narrowly and
inconspicuously white in front. Base of antenna white.

Forewing with costa arched, termen shghtly curved ; SC anastomosing
strongly -with C, well free from SC ; dull olivaceous, costal edge narrowly
ochreous ; antemedian line white, indistinct, indicated chiefly by two slender
outward curves (in cell and between M and SM-) ; two white dots on disco-
cellulars, that on DC the larger, somewhat elongate ; a slender, zigzag white
postmedian line, broken up into dots and small lunules, its position and general
course about as in lodis annulifera Warr., the lunule bet\\'een JM- and SBP rather
thick ; termen with white dots at ends of veins, the anterior ones small, the posterior
elongate. Hindwing similar, with the cell-dots almost or altogether obsolete.

Mount Wuchi, Hainan, May 1903. S (type) and 2 $? in coll. Tring Museum.

No other Oriental Berta shows so little white marking. Structurally, this
species, acte, and annulifera suggest transitions between this genus and lodis.

25. Berta subrectistriga spec. nov.

(?, 25 mm. Structure about as in acte Swinh., third joint of palpus slightly
longer in proportion. Face olivaceous. Palpus olivaceous above, white beneath.
Vertex narrowly and rather irregularly white ; occiput olivaceous. Thorax
and abdomen ;:bove olivaceous, with large white spots, which decrease in size
posteriorly; b neath mostly white. Legs olivaceous, on inner side white.

Forewimj shaped nearly as in acte or with costal and distal margins still
straighter ; olivaceous ; white markings proximaUy to the postmedian nearly
as in chrysolineata Walk., the compound cell-mark broader, especially in its
posterior half, less 8-shaped, in that its outer and inner sides do not touch in
the middle ; a white postmedian band, straightish on its outer edge (shghtly
more oblique than termen), throwing out broad and deep, fairly uniform, inter-
neural teeth proximally ; subterminal white Une thin between SC and R' and
between R' and R', otherwise rather thick, continuous except for exceedingly
fine interruptions at and midway between the veins ; termen and fringe about

as in chrysolineata. Hindwing with the excision between R' and R' almost

as deep as in chrysolineata ; white markings broad, especially a postdiscal band,
which is only cut by slender olivaceous veins ; postmedian line zigzag, con-
tinuous, fairly thick but nowhere thickened into round spots ; subterminal,
termen, and fringe nearly as on forewing.

Underside white, tinged with olivaceous in places.

Mount Dulangar, Mindoro, PhiUppines, 4,500-5,500 ft., November 1895—
January 1896 (J. Whitehead). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

26. Berta zygophyxia Prout.

Berta chry-inlineala zygophyzia Prout, Gen. Ins. faac. 129. p. 234 (1912).

I think this must be a separate species, as it sometimes occurs together
with chrysolineata Wallv. I now know it from Penang, Pcrak, Singapore, Bali,
British New Guinea, the Admiralty and the Solomon Islands, and it will certainly
be detected in some intervening locaUties. By an oversight I neglected to state
that the type is from Bali.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 303

27. Berta copiosa spec. nov.

(J, 23 mm. Face pale olivaceous. Palpus with third joint shortish ; oliva-
ceous, beneath white. Vertex white. Occiput mixed with olivaceous. An-
tenna bipectinate to about the middle. Thorax and abdomen above olivaceous,
with indistinct whitish spots ; beneath more mixed with white. Hindtarsus
less than half as long as tibia.

Forewing shaped as in chrysolineata Walk. ; discocellulars characteristic ;
SC from cell, anastomosing slightly with C, 8C= arising after SC, free ; dull
olivaceous, with some slight whitish irroration ; markings sharply white ; two
spots between the veins near base ; antemedian line thickened and lunulate
outward in cell, still more deeply lunulate outward in submedian area, but
proximally filled in with white so as*to form a spot ; a small spot in cell just
proximal to DC and some vaguer spots behind it ; an elongate costal mark
from just proximally of DC to the ana.stomosis of SC with C ; partly confluent
with this costal mark is an irregularly quadrate patch between the radials slightly
beyond the cell ; elongate interneural marks just beyond this, between costal
margin and R' ; postmedian line zigzag, thickened proximally into a double
spot between the radials, interrupted at M', reappearing rather more proximally
as three large interneural spots between M' and hindmargin, the first the largest ;
subterminal line broken into spots, wanting between R= and R^ small posteriorly;
termen and fringe as in chrysolineata. Hindwing similar, but with a con-
spicuous spot on middle of abdominal margin in ahgnment with the radial,
postdiscal patch, which is less quadrate (more transversely elongate) than on
forewing.

Underside white, with slight ohvaceous cell-marks (irregularly ocellated
in their anterior part) and wavy olivaceous transverse lines, the postmedian
thickened into an irregular, narrow band, the subterminal also distinct.

Naga Hills, Assam, 1,500-3,000 ft., September— October 1889 (W. Doherty).
Type in coll. Tring Museum.

28. Comostola hypotyphla spec. nov.

?, 25 mm. Face red. Palpus about two-and-a-half times, third joint almost
as long as, diameter of eye. Vertex white ; occiput green. $ antenna somewhat
serrate. Thorax above green, abdomen mixed with whitish.

Forewing with SC from cell, free, R' barely stalked, DC not extremely
sinuous ; Ught glaucous green, nearly as in 7nacvkita, Moore ; costal edge narrowly
whitish, unspotted ; antemedian dots on M and SM= ; the dull red cell-dot
small, not pale-centred, the whitish ring around it very slender ; postmedian
yellowish white, consisting of moderate dots on R' and R« nearly 4 mm. from
termen, a curved Hue (confluent elongate dots) from R' to beyond M' slightly
nearer to termen, a dot at M= slightly receding and a nearly vertical mark from
fold to hindmargin nearly 4 mm. from tornus ; some red scales sometimes notice-
able at distal edge of these spots ; terminal line white, accompanied proximally
by some short and very slender dark reddish interneural dashes ; fringe white,

with a tinge of green. Hindwing with termen bent at R' ; cell-mark as on

forewing ; postmedian line chiefly marked by lunules on R' and R'-M' and a
somewhat enlarged spot on middle of abdominal margin ; terminal line and
fringe as on forewing.

304 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

Underside whitish blue-green, unmarked ; costal edge of forewing ochreous,
slightly shaded with rufous basally, a still slighter rufous suffusion over a wide
area proximaUy except towards hindmargin.

N. India: Dalhousie, May 1891. Type in coll. Tring Museum.

A pair from Dharmsala (= nymph a But!., III. Het. vii. 22, ex. err. det.)
show the (J antennal pectinations to be long, hindtibia not much thickened.
Differs from maculata Moore in its small size, more bent termen of hindwing,
reduced ocelli, better developed and less deeply bent postmedian line, and
especially in having the discocellulars of the forewing of more normal Comostola
form ; albifitnbria Warr. and maculata Moore should, strictly speaking, be placed
in Gomostolopsis, making a transition towards Comostola.

29. Comostola demeritaiia spec. nov.

(J ?, 18-21 mm. Face light reddisli, becoming more ochreous below. Palpus
in (J about one-and-a-half times diameter of eye, in ? about two-and-a-half
times ; light ochreous, strongly mixed with red except beneath. Vertex and
antennal shaft very pale sulphur-yellow ; S pectinations four or five times
diameter of shaft. Occiput green, separated from the yellow vertex by a slender
red line. Thorax and abdomen green above, white beneath and at anal extremity.
Hindtibia in S dilated, but without terminal process.

Forewing with DC little bent at origin of R^ SC from cell or shortly stalked,
R' stalked or occasionally connate ; light blue-green, almost as in laesaria
Walk, or a shade bluer ; costal edge pale yellow, with the dark speckling gener-
ally slight, no dark spots at origin of hnes ; lines represented by double spots,
their approximated parts very pale yellow, their reverse parts red ; the ante-
median spots placed on SM- at one-third and (smaller, sometimes obsolescent)
on M ; the postmedian on all the veins from R' hindward, slightly excurved
between R- and SM-, those on R'-JI' confluent, that on SM- confluent with a
spot at about two-thirds hindmargin, the rest small, sometimes obsolescent ;
cell-spot moderate, roundish, rather duller than in laesaria ; terminal line rather
strong, interrupted at veins, red proximally. dark and metallic distally, in places
separated from fringe by an exceedingly slender white line ; fringe pale yellow,

with an obhque dark mark at apex. Hindwing rather long and narrow,

termen bluntly bent at R' ; antemedian line wanting, cell-spot rather larger,
oftenest diamond-shaped, some light metallic scales in its middle.

Underside whitish blue-green, costal edge of forewing and all fringes
yellowish ; ceU-spots feebly showing through.

Khasis, December to April. A series in coll. Tring Museum, the type dated
March 1894. Also in other collections.

Not differentiated by Warren from meritaria Walk. ; vnngs rather less
broad, discocellulars much less characteristic, cell-spots less large, vertex and
antenna less white.

30. Comostola cedilla spec. nov.

(J, 22 mm. ; ?, 25 mm. Face dull dark red, sometimes mixed with blackish ;

very narrowly white below. Palpus ochreous and reddish above, whitish

beneath ; second joint with some black irroration on outer side. Crown much

mixed with red and with a little black. Base of antennal shaft somewhat mixed

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 305

with black ; pectinations in <?, at their longest point, scarcely three times diameter
of shaft. Thorax and abdomen as in the allies (chlorargyra group).

Porewlng bright green, rather more yellowish than in the allies ; the white
costal edge rather broad, strongly tinged (excepting the pure white basal sub-
costal streak) with red and — -especially at costal extremity — with some metallic
blackish irroration ; midcostal streak rather broad and reaching to the posterior
end of DC ; distal border of equal width throughont, its white element con-
tinuing round the apex between SC and SC* to about 3 mm. from termen, where
it curves forward in a cedilla-shaped mark and is lost in the reddish suffusion ;
oblique mark from tornus fairly broad but rather short., pure white, only at
extreme tornus tinged with yellow. — ■ — Hinclwing as in the allies.

Underside with the suffusions predominantly greenish, on the hind wing
almost entirely so.

Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, March 1903, type S, and February
1903, ?; Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low elevation, August— -
September 1907. All in coll. Tring Museum, collected by A. S. Meek. Also from
Penang and Perak in the same collection and from Singapore and Borneo in coll.
Brit. Mus.

The <J antennal pectinations are much shorter than in an}' other of the
group, unless it be the very distinct iodioules T. P. Luc. ( = eucraspeda Turn.,
syn. nov.),* of which only the ? is known.

31. Pyrrhorachis pyrrhogona (Walk.).

I am now inclined to think that Warren was correct in separating his cornuia
(Nov. ZOOL. iii. 292) as a distinct species. If not, it is a constant race with very
wide distribution (New Guinea and its satellite islands and again on Borneo
— not yet kno\\Ti to me from the intervening area). In any case the forms still
left under pyrrhogona vary geographically. Walker described from South India
and his form has the distal border of the forewing rather narrow, not swelling
appreciably at the tornus. The AustraUan form, marginata T. P. Luc, seems
only separable by its larger size.

P. p. angnstata ( Warr. MS.) subsp. nov. A single 9 in coll. Tring Museum,
from Lifu, Loyalty Islands, has the distal borders still narrower, thread-Uke.

Another uniqtie specimen, deliciosa Warr., from the Natuna Islands, may
be a subspecies with the border broadened and not traversed by blackish metallic
scaling, but as the hindwing is rather less elongate, I have left it provisionally ag
a separate species.

P. p. tnrgescens subsp. nov., from the Khasis, is easih' and constantly dis-
tinguishable from the name-type by having the marginal spot between tornus
and M' of the forewing considerably enlarged, more than twice as broad as the
rest of the series ; the apical and tornal borders of the hindwing also show a
tendency to enlargement. Type in coll. Tring Museum.

It is desirable to add that the specimen from which the genitalia were
diagnosed {Gen. Ins. fasc. 129, p. 239) was a Khasi example (subsp. turgescens)
in my collection.

* Lucas's type is in coll. Tring Museum. It was unknown to me when I prepared Pt. 14 of the
LepidopUrorum Catalogus, and I merely cited the name under Agathia, in which genue its author
quite erroneously published it.

20

306 NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXIV. 1917.

SuBFAM. STERRHINAE.
32. Rhodostrophia plesiochora spec. iiov.

■3, 27 mm. ; ?, 30 mm. .Similar to meonaria Guen. (Prout in Scitz, Macrolep.
iv. t. 7 a), with which it has been mixed. Artennal pectinations shorter, scarcely
over twice diameter of shaft. Wings shorter, particiilarly in the (J.

Forewing rather more oehreous (in the most deeply coloured examples of meo~
narin tending rather to olivaceous), rather more glossy, a faint grey antemcdian
line indicated except at costa ; postmedian line relatively farther from termen,
rather less oblique, generally' less red, the narrow band beyond it shadowy ;
subterniinal grey line well expressed ; a narrow pink shade at termen (rarth'

indicated in meonaria except on the terminal line itself). Hindwing generally

rather more oehreous than in meonaria ; cell-dot present ; postmedian pink
shade broader, but above never reaching nearly to costa. beneath rounded
anteriorly (not, as in meoimria, angulated) ; subterniinal line better developed.

West China: Pu-tsu-fong, 9,820 ft., June— July 1890, type <J and a 2;
Chow-pin-sa, 2 ,Jc?, 1 9; all these in coll. Brit. ]\his. Omei-shan, 1 (J in coll.
Tring Museum. Teng-jTieh-Ting , 1 $ in coll. Joicey. Vrianatong, Tibet, 1 ?
in coll. L. B. Prout.

Erroneouslj' referred to under meoiuiria in Seitz, Macrolep. iv. 40 ; the
Kashmir examples, including the figure, are true meonaria.

33. Rhodostrophia bisinuata ^A'arr.

Rhodostrophia bisinuata Warr., Noi: Zuul. ii. 98 (1895) ; Prout in Seitz, Macrolep. iv. 43 (1913).
Rhodostrophia sinensis Prout in Seitz, Macrolep. iv. 43 (1913) {R. vinacearia subsp., ? sp.) (syn. nov.).

Warren founded this species on a single $ said to be from "Japan," but
no doubt really from West China ; several other specimens in the Tring Museum
belonging to the latter fauna (for instance, a Somatina mendicaria Leech and
an Anisephijra hrnnnearia Leech, both presumably topotypical with some of
Leech's originals) bear the same erroneous labels. When I was at work on
the genus Rhodostrophia for Seitz, Warren's type was not accessible to me and
I merely quoted the original description ; but on p. 44, in erecting a new species,
Tanaotrichia orientis, I suggested the possibility that the last-named might
prove to be a form of Warren's lost species. Subsequently (Nov. ZooL. xxii,
324) 1 erroneouslj' accepted this suggestion and wrote "bisinuata Warr. =
orientis Prout," which must be corrected to " orientis Prout." The females of
the two species are confusingly similar, but a careful study of Warren's type,
together with the rest of the available material, has shown conclusively that
bisinuata Warr. is the true Rhodostrophia and supplants my sinensis. I think
it will prove a valid species rather than a race of vinacearia Moore. I now know
it from Chang Yang, Szechuan, Teng-yueh-Ting (Yunnan, near the Burmese
frontier), and Vrianatong (Tibet).

34. Discoglypha aureifloris parvifloris subsp. nov.

cJ ?, 30-32 mm. Slightly paler and mure rufous-tinged than a. aureifloris
Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 111).

Hindwing with the mark behind the cell much smaller, only extending

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 307

for about the middle half of DC'-', narrow, the distal projection along R'
small or almost wanting.

Silikim, type S, Darjiling, paratype $ (H. J. Elwes), in coll. Tring Museum.

35. Discoglypha locupletata spec. nov.

(J, 26-28 mm. Closely similar to aureifloris Warr., but much more mixed
with rufous, so as to approach the tone of D. lnfkiinim.ita Warr. and variostigma
Warr.

Forewing with the lines in general somewhat thicker, the median and
postmedian placed farther from the temien ; an irregular submarginal series of
yellow spots, the one between R' and M' large.st and roundest, the two between
SC and R' sometimes confluent, those between R' and R' minute or obsolescent ;
the spots behind M' are placed quite near the termen and are accompanied
proximal]}' by some slight dark shading. Hindwing with corresponding dis-
tinctions in the distal area ; cell-mark unicolorous pale golden, not marked
with rufous orange as in aureifloris.

Khasis, April 1895, type and another, August 1896, February 1897, in coll.
Tring Museum. A single $ from the same locality, November 1894, is larger
(32 mm.), with the cell-mark of hindwing reduced.

This has hitherto been passed over as an aberration of avreifloris, but as
all the diiferences are constant I suspect it is a vahd species, though I have not
yet found any structural distinction.

36. Nobilia turbata Walk.

Nohilia tarbata Walk., List Lep. his. xxiv. 1098 (1862) (Sarawak).

Plutodes strigularia Snell. in Veth, Midden Sumatra i. (8.) p. 57 (1880), syn. nov. (Sumatra).

Pltttodes (Omiza) strigularia Pageast., Jahrh. Nass. Ver. Nat. xli. 178 (1888).

This widely distributed species shows interesting indications of incipient
geographical variations, but the races do not seem to be yet constant enough
to warrant naming. On Borneo (the type-locality) and also — so far as less
adequate material shows— the Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sumatra, Java, and
Celebes, the rufous parts, especially of the forewing, have a rather strong dark
admixture. In North India (Sikkim, Assam) the rufous is always bright and
clear, such as can only occasionally be matched in the localities named above.
In New Guinea and its islands (Ron, Dampier, Vulcan, Goodenough, Fergusson)
the darkening often proceeds even further than in the Malayan subregion, but
again with some mingling of redder specimens ; here, too, the underside is, on
the whole, rather more mixed with reddish. As with several other species, the
geographical range, so far as at present known, is discontinuous, for cnpreata
Pagen.st., Jahrh. Nass. Ver. Nat. xU. 178 ( = nebulosa Warr., Nov. Zool, iv.
58, syn. nov.), from Amboina, must, I think, be accorded specific right. 1
have seen no otlier Nohilia from the Moluccas.

37. Antitrygodes parvimacula privativa subsp. nov.

S $. Forewing entirely without green spots in the basal area ; the green
spots on either side of the discocellulars also reduced in size and not followed
by any further green spots posteriorly.

308 NOTITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

Rook Island, July — ^August 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

A. parvimacula Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 293), described from Fergusson and
the Trobriand Islands, shows decided tendencies to geographical variations,
but — as with Nohilia turbata — the majority are not sufficient)}' sharp to
merit names. The island forms (Obi Major, Key Islands. Trobriands, Rook,
Louisiades) are in general rather smaller than those from the mainland of New
Guinea, the easterly forms also in general more strongly suffused with purple.
On the mainland the spots are generally larger than in the Trobriand tj'pe, en
St. Aignan, Rossel, and Sudest Island smaller, with some aberrations approach-
ing p. privativa, especially in the median area, but always with a strongly deve-
loped subbasal green spot persisting between M and 8M'. The Australian form
(divisaria Turn., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, xxxii. 676, nee Walk.)
does not seem to differ from that of New Guinea.

38. Antitrygodes subaeciualis spec. nov.

cJ, 36 mm. Face black, in places mixed with reddish. Palpus pale, mixed
(except beneath) with blackish. Crown and base of antenna whitish ; occiput
narrowly black. Antennal ciliation little longer than diameter of shaft. Collar
reddish brown. Thorax and abdomen whitish, tegula with a few reddish scales.

Forewing with SC and stalk of SC— ' connate from apex of areole ; whitish,
with fine and very sparse dark irroration, here and there also a few oUve-green
or reddish scales ; a rather small olive-green subbasal spot between M and
SM' ; a tripartite green median band from subcostal region to just across SM%
anteriorly nearly 4 mm. wide, posteriorly little less, the element in the cell
rounder than in divisaria, that bej'ond it less produced distally than in that
species, the two rather broadly separated by the pale discal mark, the posterior
element slightly produced distally along SM', anteriorly confluent mth the
others distally (about M'), separated proximaUy by a projection of the ground-
colour at the fork of M and M- ; a slender, strongly curved, faintly waved,
light brown line from just beyond two-thirds costa to five-sixths hindmargin ;
four olive subapical spots between SC and R', the last small, confluent with
the preceding one into an angulated mark on R^ pointing to and rather
closely approaching the termen ; rather faint brownish subterminal fines
traceable except near costa, becoming bright rust brown at tornus, to which
the proximal runs, while the distal terminates on the distal margin itself ;
terminal line brown, shghtly thickened between the veins ; fringe white,
tinged with pink at tornus, traversed in the middle by some very feeble

brown dusting and with traces of spots opposite the veins. Hindwing

not very deeply dentate ; base whitish, with sUght speckles ; median green
spots similar to those of forewing, the one beyond the cell pointed at its
hinder end, the posterior one boot-shaped ; some short orange-butt vein-dashes
beyond these spots ; a grey postmedian line about as in agrata Feld. ; two sub-
marginal brown Unes, the red-brown mark on the proximal (from apex to R*)
rather thicker anteriorly than in divisaria, the triangular ending, on the other
hand, scarcely as large ; terminal line and fringe as on forewing.

Underside similar to that of parvimacula Warr., the greenish median bands
more discernible and broader, containing rather distinct whitish cell-marks
the outer band of the hindwing receding much more from the distal margin,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 309

especially between apex and R^ ; a narrower and weaker band distally to this,
leaving it at apex, angulated outward at R' (close to tennen) and rejoining it
about M'.

Isabel Island, June 4— July 9, 1901 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring
Museum.

39. Problepsis conjunctiva subjunctiva subsp. nov.

(J, 30-33 mm. Considerably smallei' than c. conjunctiva Wair. (Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 358), from Sikkim, Bhotan, and Upper Burma, both wings
with the median grey band and outer line much narrower, more brownish.
Underside less darkly marked.

Cheng-Mai, Hainan, August 1902# Type in coll. Tring Museum.

40. Problepsis plenorbis spec. nov.

?, 51 mm. (Head lost.) Body white.

Forewing white, \vith costal edge very narrowly smoky near base, becom-
ing broadly smoky opposite the discal ocellus, white distaUy ; discal oceUus
large, almost perfectly round, its diameter nearly 7 mm., consisting of an ohve
circumscription, which has a width of not quite 1 mm. on its distal side, other-
wise about rs mm., and is marked on the proximal half of its proximal side
with black scales and a dividing-hne of metalhc silvery, a white, brown-edged
lunule ,just outside the discocellulars, an elongate black mark between R' and
M' just within the ohve ring, a large pink-tinged centre spotted with violaceous
metalhc, the largeist spots being one in front of R' and one behind M', and a
fine brown distal hne separating the pinkish area from the olive circumscription ;
an indistinct hght-brown median line from the oceUus to hindmargin ; a shghtly
sinuous postmedian from middle of wing to hindmargin, about 2-3 mm. from
termen ; submarginal markings grey, obsolescent anteriorly, nowhere large or
very strong, the proximal series consisting of interneural spots, the distal of

thin dashes across the veins ; terminal line fine and rather pale. Hiiidwing

white, with a shght rovindish smoky-brown central patch beyond the cell, on
the proximal side of which arises the characteristic silvery marking ; this is
open at its anterior end (at base of R'), otherwise complete, though rather feeble
along hindmarginal end ; its anterior half is little over 1 mm. wide, with
proximal side very .slightly cvirved (following the course of DC'-'), its distal
rather more curved ; at M and R' it suddenly wdens to 3 mm., its expansion
being almost all on the distal side (along R') ; postmedian line fairly thick,
complete, nearly 4 mm. from termen, curving towards tornus at posterior end ;
subterminal markings also rather better developed than on forewng. other-
wise similar.

Forewing beneath with costal margin more broadly and strongly darkened,
brown, ocellus smoky brown, ringed with smoky grey, no markings in it except
the white lunule, which is broad and clear ; faint traces of the postmedian hne.
Hindwing beneath with the central patch vaguely indicated.

Benkoelen, West Sumatra (Ericsson). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

Probably belongs, hke the species among which I have placed it, to the
section Problepsiodes Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 336), as its affinities would seem to
be with conjunctiva Warr., superans Butl., etc. It is the only specimen of the
genus known to me from vSumatra. I have adopted a MS. name of Warren's.

310 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

41. Problepsis crassinotata spec. nov.

3, 41-43 mm. Head black ; underside of palpus light-brown to whitish.
Antenna black proximally, brown distall}- ; furnished with shcrtr triangular
teeth, bearing fascicles of long cilia. Thorax and base of abdomen white above.
the rest of the abdomen above infuscated or blackened, excepting narrow white
posterior edgings to the segments. Hindtarsus almost one-half as long as tibia.

Forewing creamy white, with costal edge narrowlj- infuscated as far as the
postmedian hne ; ocellus rounded, 5 or 6 mm. in diameter, its circumference
oUve-brownish, the circlet of silvery scales fairly complete, or slightly inter-
rupted in posterior part, where also an arc is cut off by silvery scaUng along M
and R' ; centre of ocellus pinkish grey, with a white discal line, proximally to it
a double black mark in cell (cut b\' the silvery ring), posteriorly a large black
mark between M- and M' and a smaller one between M' and R', distally a black
lunale from R^ to before R- ; median shade rather thick, light olivaceous brown,
spotted with silvery, reaching from ocellus to hindinargin ; some silvery scales
proximally between SM* and liindmargin ; postmedian line formed about as in
vulgaris Butl. (delphiuria Hmpsn., nee Guen.), thick, grey, becoming more
ochreous posteriorly ; proximal subterminal spots large, especially the (usually
confluent) pairs between the radials and at tornus, the subcostal pair more
wedge-shaped, the pair between R' and M= flatter ; distal subterminal series
small and generally very regular, separated both by the veins and the inter-
neural folds ; terminal dark line more or less broken into flattened lunules ; fringe
white, traversed by a thick but not very strong grey line and sUghtly tipped

with gre3'. Hindwing with the cell-mark rather darker, large between R'

and fold, narrow anteriorly, containing a very slender white line just behind
DC'~', no differentiable black markings, the silvery ones rather irregular ; distal
and posterior markings nearly as on forewings, the silvery scales of abdominal
region more distally placed.

Forewing beneath white, slightly smoky in cell, costal margin more broadly
and strongly darkened than above ; both wings with ocellus dark fuscous with
white cell-mark, the other markings indicated, but not strong.

Khasis. Type and another in coll. Brit. Mus. Also a S without locality
in coO. Joicey, and a worn o from Vrianatong, Tibet, in coll. L. B. Prout.

A worn ? from Kiukiang, May 1887 (A. E. Pratt), in coll. Brit. Mus. (ex
coll. Leech), shows that the species is widely distributed ; ? antennal ciliation
well developed, not much shorter than diameter of shaft.

4U. Problepsis longipannis spec. nov.

(J, 41 mm. Head black, palpus narrowly white beneath. Antenna blackish,
with triangular teeth bearing long fascicles of cilia. Thorax white. Abdomen
above mostly blackish, narrowly white at the ends of the segments. Fore and
middle legs darkened on inner side ; hindtibia white, the hair-pencil partly
brown, the tarsus about half the length of tibia, with first joint not noticeably
thickened.

Foreiving nut broad, termen rather strongly obUque ; glossy cream-white ;
costal edge narrowly smokj- from near base to near apex ; some silver3' scales
along proximal half of hindmargin ; discal ocellus contained in an elongate
brown cloud, which is within 6 mm. of base in cell, closely approximated to

NOTTTATES ZoOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917. 311

the costa anteriorly, about 4 mm. from apex distally, crosses M' posteriorly, but
there becomes less sharply defined and is confluent with a narrow light-browii,
silver-dusted patch on middle of hindmargin ; ocellus flesh-tinted in centre,
containing the white cell-streak, interruptedly bounded by silvery scahng,
crossed by a silver streak along base of R' and containing between this streak
and its hinder edge a double black mark (verj' small between R' and M", larger
between M' and W-) ; a thick black mark in cell just proximally to the ocellus
and a less thick one between the radials distally to it ; postmedian line slender,
slightly sinuous, light-brown, from hindmargin to R% where it becomes absorbed
in the elongate patch ; submarginal grey spots elongate, thick, the anterior two
less so ; terminal Une almost interrupted at the veins, slightly lunulate and
thickened between ; fringe white, traversed by a feeble central grey shade
except at apex, tornus and opposite the veins. — —Hindwing with the ocellated
marking pear-shaped, light olive-brownish, its narrow anterior part containing
the long, very slender concolorous cell-streak (which shows up on accoimt of an
equally slender white circumscription), its bread posterior part (about the base
of R', M', and M=) roundish, containing a slightly misshapen ring of dark, silver-
mixed scaling, from the narrow anterior opening of which projects a line of
silvery scaling along the proximal edge of the cell-mark— noticeable also in the
preceding species ; postmedian line complete, greyish, rather thicker than on
forewing, becoming brown at abdominal margin ; subterminal grey spots large,
rather rounder than on forewing ; pairs of small dots against the veins between
these and termen (traceable also on posterior part cf forewing).

Underside ^^-hitish, with costal margin of forewing smoky to near apex ;
median imtches present, more smoky, containing white cell-marks ; distal
markings faintly discernible.

Khasis, October 1896. Type in coll. Tring Museum.

The descriptions of this and the preceding were drawn up quite independenth-,
but it now occurs to me as conceivable that it may be a remarkable aberration.
The structure seems to agree, and the hindwing is quite similar except that
the cell-patch is slightly narrowed. Ihe only known Prohlepsis with similarly
shaped markings on the forewing is the very distinct Palaearctic species phoe^
bearia Ersch.

43. Problepsis delphiaria (Guen.).

Argyris delphiaria Guen., Spec. Gin. Lip. x. 14 (1858).

Problepsiodes argerUisquama Warr., Nov. Zool. vi. 337 (1899) (syn. nov.).

I think the above synonymy will be found correct. To no other known
species does Guenee's description apply, though it is unfortunate that he does
not mention the antennal structure in detail, and that the locality vhich he
gives — "Central India"- — is by no means helpful. It seems a comparatively
rare species, and the only authentically ascertained range is Burma to Singapore,
though the Tring Museum possesses one old specimen merely labelled " India."
Warren (Nov. Zool. xvi. 126) clearly recognised this species as the true delphiaria,
though he does not seem to have discovered in it his own argentisquama of ten
years earlier. P. vulgaris Butl. (III. Het. vii. 23. t. 125. f. 2), of which aitenuata
Warr. (Nov. ZooL. xvi. 126) is a slight and unimportant aberration, and avri-
cuUfera Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv. 59) apparently merely a small form — perhaps

512 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAJE XXIV. 1917.

. undersized through breeding — has been erronecuslj' described and figured by
Hampson {Faun. Ind. Moths iii. 462. f. 208) as delphiaria.

44. Problepsis paredra spec. nov.

tJ, 35 mm. Head black, the palpus pale beneath. Antenna darkened ;
pectinations rather stout, very little longer than the \\idest diameter of shaft,
■with moderate fascicles of cilia. Collar and thorax white ; abdomen partly
infuscated above, remaining white at the ends of the segments. Fore and
middle legs partly darkened.

Foreu'ing white, with costal edge narrowly smoky ; markings siniilar to
those of vulgaris Butl., but with the ocellated patch considerably broader (at

M-R' nearly 3o mm.), the contained black marks behind R' longer. Hind-

loing with the ocellated patch more swollen posteriorly than in indgaris, and
with the contained silvery markings mixed with blackish ; a slight brownish
anterior extension of this patch ; the spot at middle of abdominal margin fairly
strong.

Underside with the ocellated patches more strongly marked in dark smcky
than in vulgaris.

Szechuan, 1910 (B. M. Barry). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Apart from the shape of the markings, this species is at once distinguishable
from vulgaris by the darker, more shortly pectinate antenna. I should have
liked to unite it with encircota Prout (Seitz, Macrolep. iv. 50. t. 7 b), but the
pectinations are not quite short enough, the ocellated patch- — though nearly as
broad — is not nearly round enough, being somewhat flattencel and even a little
concave on its proximal side and with a shght concavity between the radials
on its distal side, and is black-edged proximally, as in vulgaris.

45. Problepsis appollinaria candidior subsp. nov.

cj ?. Purer white than a. appollinaria Guen. {Spec. Gen. Lip. x. 13), ocellus
of forewing more obUquely placed (more produced distally about R' and R-),
containing near its distal margin two oblique black marks, the posterior one
from R- nearly to R', thicker than the single black mark of a. appollinaria, the
anterior one in front of R^ thickening elistally so as to become confluent with
the posterior.

Madura district, South India, March — June 1906 (W. H. Campbell), type <J
and another in coll. Tring Museum ; Palni Hills (W. H. Campbell), a $ in coll.
L. B. Prout. Also a worn $ from Ladak (Stohczka) from the Felder
collection.

As the cJ hindtarsus scarcely appears quite so short as in appollinaria (about
one-fourth tibia, against scarcely over one-fifth), it is possible that this may
prove a distinct species.

46. Scopola aetheomorpha spec. nov.

(J, 17 mm. Face black. Palpus black, pale beneath. Antennal ciliation
long. Crown and antenna, body and legs coloured as wings, the foreleg (except
tarsus) darkened on inner side ; hindtibia moderately thick, fringed on upper-
side ; tarsus over two-thirds length of tibia.

Forewing rather broad, costa arched distally, termen with a rather deep

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 313

excavation between SC° and R', pointed at R', then rather strongly oblique ;
SC arising from apex of areole ; whitish fawn-colour, rather more drab proxim-
ally ; antemedian line browTiish, sinuous, oblique inward posteriorly, weakly
indicated except as a spot at about two-fifths costa ; a minute black cell-dot ;
postmedian line fine, sinuous, black at costa, otherwise feeble, closely followed
distally by a narrow, curved, dark subterminal band, from costa about 2 mm.
before apex to hindmargin at tornus ; a fawn-coloured shade between this and

termen. Hindwing with termen excavated between the radials and more

slightly near tornus ; similar to forewing, the cell-dot less minute.

Underside (except ochreous costal margin of forewing) smoky as far as
the subtenninal band, cream-buff distally, terminal line ochreous.

Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low elevation, August — September
1907 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

47. Ptochophyle geranium spec. nov.

?, 20 mm. Face rose-red, with lower extremity white. Palpus with second
joint reaching almost to frons, third joint moderate, slender; whitish, the first
and second joints mostly rosy on outer side and above. Vertex and antenna
creamy white ; occiput rose-red. Thorax and abdomen above geranium pink,
becoming pale and mixed with cream-buff towards anus ; anal extremity and
underside pale cream-buff.

Forewing moderately broad, apex pointed, termen almost inappreciably
sinuate inward anteriorly, not noticeably bent at R' ; all the subcostals stalked
from apex of areole, SC arising much before SC, M' separate ; peach-blossom
pink, irrorated with geranium pink, middle of wing in places shghtly tinged with
buff ; lines very indistinct, geranium pink ; antemedian fine, before one-third,
very slightly curved ; median diffuse, near postmedian ; postmedian beyond
two-thirds, very gently excurved in anterior part, gently incurved posteriorly ;
faint indications of a rather large cell-spot ; fringe pink at extreme base, pale

buff distally. Hindwing with termen full but not angled, not crenulate ;

SC and M' scarcely stalked ; as forewing.

Underside unicolorous pink.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3,500 ft.,
October — December 1910 (A. S. Meek). 2 ?? in coll. Tring Museum.

48. Chrysocraspeda pulverimargo spec, nov.

cJ, 22 mm. Face and palpus pale, mixed with Uver-brown. Crown liver-
brown mixed with dark olive-grey, narrowly whitish in front ; antennal shaft
liver-brown above. Thorax and abdomen above mixed liver-brown and oHve-
grey, beneath pale cream-buff. Legs pale cream-buff, the anterior pair marked
with purplish on upper and inner sides.

Foreiving broad, apex not acute, termen very slightly waved, curved,
scarcely bent at R^ ; dull liver-brown, mixed with grey ; a narrow costal edge
and an ill-defined excurved band (anteriorly at least 1 mm. wide, posteriorly
attenuated) from about two-thirds costa to tornus more purple ; proximally
to this band an equally ill-defined one of blackish grey ; distally to it a yellow
area strongly irrorated with purplish dots and minute strigulae ; a minute
blackish cell-dot ; fringe jellow, with some purplish irroration. Hindwing

314 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017.

ample, termen faintly waved, somewhat gibbou.s in middle, but not angulated ;
nearly as forewing, the purplish band rather broader, running from apex to
about three-fourths abdominal margin.

Both wings beneath deep purphsh grey as far as the dark-grey band of
upperside, only with the hindmargin of both wings and base of costa of hindwing
pale cream-butt ; distal area pale cream-buff, unmarked.

Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low elevation, June 1907 (A. S.
Meek). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

49. Chrysocraspeda elaeophragma spec. nov.

(J, 19-20 mm. Head pale, mixed with rufous. Thorax above olivaceous
anteriorly, plumbeous to blackish slaty in the middle, rufous posteriorly ; abdo-
men above rufous with some pale admixture and bordered bj' a darker Une ;
underside pale.

Forewing witli termen not or scarcely obUque from apex to R-, gentlj- curved
to M, then exceedingly oblique, behind M' faintly subconcave, hindmargin less
than two-thirds the length of costa ; whitish buff, thickly speckled and strigu-
lated with rufous, the resultant tone salmon-buff ; costal margin olive, grej-est
proximally ; lines olive-grey ; antemedian from before one-third costa to middle
of hindmargin, somewhat curved anteriorly ; postmedian from two-thirds
costa, nearly parallel with termen in anterior half, bent about M-, a little incurved
behind, reaching hindmargin near tornus ; cell-speck more or less elongate ;
some oUve shading in distal area between il' and tornus ; terminal line rather
thick, broadening at apex, dark olive ; fringe yellowish, mixed (except near

tornus) with olive. Hindwing elongate, with termen waved, very strongly

convex, bent in middle ; an elongate white cell-spot ; first line curved, close to
base ; postmedian bent, but less so than termen ; terminal line thick ; fringe
yellowish, mixed (except at apex) with oUve.

Underside with the markings more indistinct.

Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea : Upper Setekwa River, 2,000 ft.,
August — September 1910, 6 oo, including the type ; near Oetakwa River,
up to 3,500 ft., October— December 1910, 6 S3- All in coll. Tring Museum.

SuBFAM. GEOMETRINAE.
50. Ectropis farracearia inculta subsp. nov.

cj 9- In general sUghtly narrower winged than /. farracearia Leech {Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (6.) xix. 340), though rather variable in this respect, as well as
in depth of colour (densitj' of the dark irroration) ; the only $ rather broad-
winged, recalling a Gnophos. Always more uniform than the name-type, with
less strong dark suffusions, distal area less darkened, beneath without definite
dark distal band ; forewing above without the characteristic white anterior
patch between the median and postmedian lines.

Vrianatong, Tibet, 7 <J<J, 1 ?, in coll. L. B. Prout.

Possibly a separate species. As variations in the venation are always
worth putting on record in the Boarmia group, it should be .stated that while
in all the examples SC and SC- are coincident, in a few these are slightly con-
nected either with C or with SC'-', in the rest free.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 315

51. Cleora semiochrea spec. nov.

cJ, 35 mm. Palpu.s not quite half as long again as diameter of eye ; third
joint short, but distinct. Antenna pectinate, with longish branches, a short
apical part simple. Hindtibia dilated, with hair-pencil. Head and body
light brown, collar and underside rather more yellowish.

Forewing with termen smooth ; SC and SC^ always from cell, the latter
connected by an oblique bar with SC'-' ; fovea strong ; cinnamon {in median
area slightly more fawn-colour), with very little irroration ; costal edge dotted
or strigulated in part with blackish ; lines blackish, arising from enlarged costal
spots just before one-third and just beyond two-thirds, weak in part between the
veins (espeeiall3- the antemedian befrvveen M and SM') ; antemedian slightly
angulated subcostally ; postmedian, after crossing SC, bent outward to R', here
angulated, then oblique inward and forming in addition a very gentle inward
curve ; cell-spot black, elongate and rather thick, almost touched distally by a
thick median shade which starts from costa and is right-angled at R^ but
becomes almost entirely obsolete behind 51 ; termen dark-spotted between the

veins ; fringe dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing with termen scarcely

waved ; ochre-yellow, in abdominal region and along posterior part^ of distal
margin tinged with the fawn-colour of the forewing ; a small and weak discal
dot ; postmedian line distinct as a spot at abdominal margin, becoming weak
or very weak anteriorly.

Both wings beneath somewhat yellowish — less bright than hindwing above.
Forewing strongly marked from costa to M-, namely with costal dots, antemedian
line, cell-spot, median shade, postmedian Une of large, partly confluent dots
(double from R' to M*) and some coarse median strigulation ; apical aiva (ex-
cept a spot at apex itself) and distal shading about the medians more rufous.
Hindwing with some costal strigulae, a small cell-dct and strong, punctiform
postmedian line.

Phihppines : Luzon, Boguio district, 4,000 ft., April 1909, type in coll.
L. B. Prout. Topotype S in coll. Brit. Mus., together with a $ from Irisan,
Benquet Province, Luzon.

52. Boarmia roboraria demonstrata subsp. nov.

$, 55-58 mm. Nearest r. argiita Butl. (Prout in Seitz, Macrolep. iv. t. 21 d)
but less brownish, the ground-colour almost as in r. roboraria ; markings at
least as sharp as in stronglj'^ marked argvta.

Forewing with cell-spot large ; median shade strong, rather uniformly
developed, the zigzag median line in consequence less obvious ; longitudinal
dark shade in front of R' strongly developed, especially against the subterminal

line. Hindwing with cell-spot small ; median shade and the dark shade

which accompanies the subterminal strong. ^Forewing beneath with the

subapical dark patch sharp, reaching R'.

Vrianatong, Tibet, 2 ocJ in coll. L. B. Prout.

In both examples S(''+- ana.stomoses shortly with C, a phenomenon which
I have only observed in one example of r. arguta, out of several examined. In
the type-specimen the wings are a trifle broader than in r. arguta, but this is
not noticeable in the paratype. It is just possible that the two forms in ques-

316 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917

tion may prove to differ specifically from roboraria Schiff., as the subterminal
line looks somewhat more dentate, at least on the hindwing.

53. Sabaria euchroes spec nov.

2, 28 mm. Head and palpus purple-red, third joint of palpus somewhat
darkened. Antennal shaft reddish at base, gradually whitening ; pectinations
longer than in rondelaria F. ( = squalidaria Hb.). Thorax and abdomen above
dark fuscous, the thorax (especially in front) mixed with purplish.

Forewing rather broad, with the projection at mid-termen strong ; purplish,
shaded with light violet-grey, especially in costal region ; proximal area a little
darker than distal, somewhat shaded with olive-fuscous posteriorly ; costal edge
to two-fifths narrowly reddish, thence narrowlj'^ dark olive-grey, interrupted by
pale spots in middle of central area and mostly pale towards apex ; central area
light olivaceous, with brown edgings which thicken into irregular spots anteriorly
— ^the proximal in cell and forwards, the distal only near costa ; proximally this
band is bounded by a light violet-grey line, arising at two-fifths costa, very
oblique outward, sharply bent in cell, then rather oblique inward to hindmargin
before middle ; distally by an anteriorly whiter line, arising at costa 2 mm.
from apex, angulated just behind SC^ then straightish (very feebly incurved)
to hindmargin ^nthin 3 mm, of tornus ; fringe darkened mth olivaceous to
reddish, at extreme base paler, Himlwing rather broad, sUghtly sinuate in-
ward before the tornus, which consequently appears somewhat more produced
than in rondelaria ; anterior half Ught red, with the postmedian Une indicated
in darker red, slightly pale-edged distally ; posterior half continuing the colora-
tion and markings of fore-wing.

Underside light red, of somewhat varj-ing shades ; costal margin of fore-
wing ochreous ; the costal edge spotted and lined with olive-fuscous ; both
wings with darker red postmedian hne : fringes, especially of forewing, darkened
with oUvaceous.

Nilgiri Hills: Ouchterlony Valley, 3,500 ft, (H, L. Andrewes). Type in
coll. Brit. Mus.

54. Hypochrosis martini spec. nov.

(J, 48 mm. Head and upperside of thorax seal-brown. Thorax beneath
paler. Abdomen elongate, seal-brown, a narrowing orange ventral patch from
base to beyond middle : projecting tufts of white hair (? coremata) at anal end.

Forewing narrow, with distal margin long and very oblique, anal angle
rounded ; a transverse band of buff (at each end rather more ochreous) from
two-fifths costa to tornus, 15 mm. wide at costa, rather broader from cell-fold
hindward, its edges somewhat crenulate ; a very short, very slender, similarly

coloured mark from about three-fourths costa. Hindiving with costal margin

long, somewhat gibbous in proximal part, apex and anterior part of termen
straighter, near anal angle even faintly subconcave, abdominal margin relatively
short ; orange, with a large irregular patch at abdominal margin and part of
distal margin concolorous with forewing ; the boundary of this patch follows
the median vein from base almost to the origin of M', then runs approximately
parallel with abdominal margin for some distance, recedes to SM= before reach-
ing tornus, is ncarlj' 3 mm. from termen in its tornal part and ends before

NOVTTATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917. 317

reaching M' ; a liver-coloured costal patch, nearer to apex than to base,
8 mm. long between costal margin and C, here suddenly reduced to about
4 mm., bounded posteriorly by SC^ except for some slight asymmetrical
projections beyond.

Underside with the darkest parts paler and more reddish than above ;
markings as above, but with the band and distal mark of the forewing almost
as bright orange as the ground-colour of the hindwing.

Kalewara, Central Celebes, February 5, 1913 (Dr. Martin). Type in coll.
Tring Museum.

55. Percnia maculata punctimaculata subsp. nov.

Distinguished from m. maculata Moore (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 651)
as follows : Forewing rather whiter, %vdth the spots in general reduced in size,
mostly becoming mere dots, not confluent, the postmedian series consisting

of short, thin dashes on the veins. Hindwing with corresponding dots ; a

well-developed cell-dot above and beneath. Forc\^ing beneath infuscated

from base to apex, except along hindmargLn.

Vrianatong, Tibet, 2 <?<? in coll. L. B. Prout.

In this species the subcostal venation of the forewing seems to be in a
state of flux. In the type of m. punctimaculata the first two subcostals are
stalked and SC is connected by a short bar with C ; in the paratype the right
wing agrees with this, while in the left SC and C anastomose at a point. In a
Khasi specimen before me, SC is widely free from C and SC is quite asjrm-
metricaUy placed, arising from SC in the right wing, from SC-* in the left.

318 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

NOTES ON CAPTUEES OF ALGERIAN AND TUNISIAN

LEPIDOPTERA.

By victor FAROULT.

Papilio inachaon mauretanica. Ain Zannouch, 27 km. au nord de Gafsa
(Tunisie). Commun en Mai 1898 ; chenilles en Septembre sur Seseli
variurn.
Sfax (Tunisie). Avril 1902 et Septembre 1903; chenilles en Octobre sur
Foeniculum vidgare et Daucus carota. Tunis-Belvedere, tres commun
en Mai 1908.
P. m. saharae. Biskra, Col de Sfa. Fontaine Chaude et montagnes environ-

nantes. Mars 1910.
P. tn. mauretanica. Batna, Septembre 1910.

P. m. saharae. El Outaya, Mars 1911. Laghouat, 26 Mars 1912.
P. m. mauretanica. Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.
P. m. maxiina. Masser a 15 km. nord de LaUa-Marnia ; exemplaires enormes,

Juin 1914.
P. m. tmmretanica.. Hammam R'ihra, Juillet 1916; chenilles en Octobre

sur Ruta chalefensis.
P. m. saharae. Bou Saada, Moulin Terrero et Hopital Maure. ChenUles
communes en Octobre sur Seseli varium. Les chenilles du Sud de
I'Alg^rie sent bien diSerentes de celles de France : var. hospitonides
Obthr. ( = saharae Oberth.), celles du Nord sont semblables a celles
d'Europe. A Televage en captivite ; les chenilles mangent les chry-
sallides.
P. podalirius jeisthatneli. Ain Draham, 2 Juin 1908 et Juin 1909.
Chenilles en Septembre sur Crataegus oxyacantha.
Batna, Septembre 1910.
El Kantara, Mars 1911.
Bordj bou Arr6ridj, 10 Juin 1912.
Hussein Dey, Fevrier 1913.
LaUa Marnia, Juin 1914.
Tizi Guzou, 29 Juillet 1914.

Hammam R'Uira, Avril a Octobre 1916. f)ans cette locaUte on trouve
assez communement les chenilles en Octobre sur les arbres fruitiers,
mais particulierement sur Amygdalus communis et Crataegus oxyacantha.
Toutes les chrysaUdes de I'automne hivernent et n'eclosent que I'annee
suivante de Mars a Mai ; cette observation s'appUque egalement a
P. machaon.
Thais rumina mauretanica. Cap Bon (Tunisie), 15 Avril 1904.

Ain Draham, 12 Avril, 1909. Chenilles en Mai et Juin sur Aristolochia longa.
Eleve 70 chenilles en Juin 1909 et ecloscs a Biskra fin Mars et Avril
1910.
Hammam R'ihra fin Mai 1916. Vu quelques papillons volant fin Mai,
pris 1 ? en tres mauvais etat ; chenilles, assez communes en Mai sur
Aristolochia longa, eleve et obtenu 24 cbrysallides.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 319

Parnassius ?. Pour memoire, je declare avoir vu en Juillet 1902 un exemplaire
de Parnassius voisin de apollo, au Djebel Fedja, frontiers Algero-
Tunisienne.
Aporia crataegi mauritanica. Ain Draham, Juin 1908.
Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.

Bordj bou Arreridj, Juin 1912. La chenille vit en societe sur Crataegus
oxyacantha et Pruniis insititia.
Pieris brassicae. Commune partout, principalement dans les regions elevees.
Pris a Tunis en Novembre 1908 une remarquable serie dont les femeUes
sont tres largement tachees de noir. La chenille vit sur differentes
especes de cruciferes et aussi sur Spartium junceum.
Pieris rapae. Commune partout et sans interet ; I'aberration sans taches est

commune au printemps.
P. daplidice albidice. Commune dans toute FAlgerie, la Tunisie et le Marcc.
La variete type du printemps est tres foncee en dessous ; celle d'ete,
albidice, a les taches de dessous peu apparentes, quelquefois jaunes
quelquefois laiteuses.

II y a trois generations nettement marquees. Mars — AvrO, Juin —
Juillet — Aoiit, Novembre. Pris une tres jolie serie a Magraoua, pres
El Outaya, en Juin et Juillet 1910.
Euchloe falloui. Montagues d'Ain Zannouch, a 27 km. au Nord de Gafsa,
Avril, Mai 1898.
Biskra, Col de Sfa, 2 Fevrier 1910.

El Outaya, Fevrier, Mars, Avril et Mai 1910 ; Fevrier, Mars 1911.
Bou Saada, Avril, Mai 1911. CheniUe commune a Bou Saada du 19 Avril
au 15 Mai sur Moricaridia arveiisis. Eleve et obtenu 250 exemplaires
ex larva. Les chrysalides eclosent tres irreguherement, une provenant
de Bou Saada, en Juin 1911 eclot a Guelt es Stel le 2 Octobre 1913.
Laghouat, 28 Mars 1912.
Guelt-es-Stel, Mars 1913. 1 o*.
E. tagis pechi. Guelt-es-Stel, 4 Mars 1913. Vole en bon etat jusque fin

Avril. CheniUes sur Iberis odorata.
E. ckarlonia. Sfax et environs. Mars, Avril 1901.

Kalaat es Senau (Tunisie), 10 Mars 1908 ; tres commune a Tedj el Barla.
Ain Draham (Tunisie), 15 Mai 1908. 1 3.
Biskra, Col de Sfa, 3 Fevrier 1910.
Magraoua, pres El Outaya, Juin 1910.
LaUa Marnia et environs, Mai 1914.

Bou Saada, tres commune pendant tout le printemps et en automne.
E. belia. Ain Draham, Mars — Avril 1909. Tres commun et aussi tres varie.
Se rencontre un peu partout dans toutes les regions montagneuses de
Tunisie d'Algerie et du Maroc, et sur toute la cote, depuis les premiers
jours de Mars jusqu'au 19 Mai.
E. belia aberr. (rose). Blida gare 19 Avril 1916. 1 S.
E. ausonia algirica et belemia. El Outaya, Rocher Rouge, Avril 1910.

El Kantara, Mars 1911.
E. ausonia crameri et belemia. Marnia, Mai 1914. Masser, Mai 1914.
E. belemia glauce. Magraoua pres El Outaya, Juin 1910. Tres commune dans
les champs de ble eommen9ant a miirir. Trouve egalement quelques

320 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

autres varietes non detenninees notamment a Guelt-es-Stel, El Kantara,
AIn Sefra (Ras Chergui).
Teracohis noutui. Biskra, Fontaine Chaude, 23 Janvier 1910.

El Outaya, Rocher Rouge, Avril — Mai 1910. Commune dans les regions
de Biskra, El Outaya, El Kantara, ou ellc vole en montagne d'Avril
a Juillet ; la generation printanniere est tres pen abondante, mais
les exemplaires sont plus grands que dans la generation estivale,
qui est tres abondante. On trouve les chenilles en grande quantity
sur C'apjMris droserifolia. La nj'mphose ne dure que 10 a 15 jours et
les eclosions ont Ueu du 1 5 an 25 Juillet ; les papillons ne volent qu'une
dizaine de jours et sont completement disparus au 15 Aout.
Colias electa croceus. Commune pendant toute la saison en Tunisie, Algerie et
Maroc oriental ; on la trouve jusque dans les oasis du Sud oil la
chenille se nourrit principalement de Luserne (Medicago saiiva).
C. e. c, ab. helice et helicina Obthr. ;
El Ariana pres Tunis, 15 Mai 1908.
Tunis Belvedere, 15 Novembre 1908.
Biskra, Beni Mora, Janvier, Fevrier 1910.
El Outaya, Magraoua, 1*'" quinzaine de Juillet 1910.
Batna, Septembre 1910.
Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.
Masser pres Lalla Marnia, Juin 1914.
Ain Sefra, 10 Juillet 1915.
Guelt-es-Stel, AvrU— Mai 1913.
Gonepteryx cleopatra. Ain Draham, Juin 1909.
Sfax et environs, Mai 1910.
Zaghouan Montagne, Mai 1910.
Khenchela, Juin 1911.
Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.
Masser Mines, Juin 1914.
Guelt-es-Stel, Mars, Avril, Juin et Aout.
G. Cleopatra hermaphrodites. Parmi tous les papiUons, le cleopatra est celui
qui presente le plus souvent des cas d'hermaphrodisme trds apparents,
quelquefois meme nettement tranches par un c6t6 des ailes <?(J et
I'autre cote ??. Depuis 1909 j'ai pris 7 hermaphrodites dont 4 seule-
ment en parfait etat.
Ain Draham, 6 Juin 1909, 4 exemplaires.
Khenchela, 23 Juin 1911, 1 exemplaire.
Oued Hamidou, 22 Juin 1912, 1 exemplaire.
Masser, 29 Juin 1914, 1 exemplaire.
Gonepteryx rhamni. Ain Draham, Juin 1908. Les sujets pris dans cette localite
sont d'une grandeur remarquable.
Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.
Masser, Juin 1914.
Charaxes jason. Ain Draham, Juin et Septembre 1909.
Alger, October 1914.
Perregaux, 5 Septembre 1915.

Hammam R'ihra, Aout, Septembre, Octobre, 1916.
La chenille vit sur Arhutxis unedo, mais elle est tres difficile a trouver ; elle

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 321

doit vivre aussi .sur d'autres plantes, car on trouve des Charaxes dans
certaines eontrees ou il n'y a pas d'arbutus a moins de 100 kilometres a
la ronde, ainsi j'ai pris a Sfax un jason ^ le 29 Juillet 1901. A Alger
les Charaxes 9? volent autour des Ficus dans la ville menie, et sur
les hauteurs elles affectionnent specialement les pins.
Pyrameis atalanta. Espece commune dans le Nord pendant toute I'annee,
specialement a la saison des fruits, sauf dans I'Extreme Sud, ou on ne
la rencontre que rarement dans les Oasi.s.
P. cardui. Le plus commun de tous les Lepidopteres ; on le rencontre partout,
meme dans les eontrees les plus desertiques ; la chenille est tres
polyphage. N'a pas de variations appreeiables.
Vanessa erythromelas. Ain Draham, Juin et Septembre 1909.
El Kantara, 26 Mars 1911 (Rothschild).
Khenchela, Juin 1911.

Hamniam R'ihra, Juin a Septembre 1916.

La chenille vit en colonies et ravage les arbres fruitiers ; elle prefere notam-
ment Ulmus campestris.
Argyiinis kithonia. Batna, Septembre 1910. 1 S-

Masser, Juin 1914.
A. maja seitzi. Juin, Juillet, Aout 1909.
Batna, Septembre 1910.
Masser, Juin, Juillet 1914.
Guelt-es-Stel, Juin 1913.
Melitaea didyma deserticola. Biskra, Champ de Fir, 5 Mars 1910. Tres commune
pendant la 1'" quinzaine de Mars, puis en 2" generation en Aout
pen nombreuse.
M. cinxia. Ain Draham, Mai — Juin 1910.

Khenchela, Juin 1911.
M. aetherie algiriai. Guelt-es-Stel, 15 Avril 1913.
M. didyma mauretanica. Masser, Juin 1914.
Mdamirgia ines. Bled Oudna pres Tunis, 8 Mai 1908.
Ain Draham, 2 Juin 1908. 3 SS, 1 9-
Guelt-es-Stel, Avril— Mai 1912-1913.
M. galatea lucasi. Ain Draham, 2 Juin 1908. Tres commune.
Khenchela, Fontaine Chaude, 18 Juin 1911.
Lambeze, Marcouna, 22 Juin 1911.
M. syllius pelagia. Guelt-es-Stel et Djelfa, AvrU — Mai 1912-1913.
Satyrus fulia. Zaghouan, Tunisie, Septembre 1908.
Ain Draham, Septembre 1909.

Batna, Champ de Fir, Septembre et Octobre 1911.
Sakamudi, 26-27 Aoiit 1912.
Guelt-es-Stel, Aout, Septembre, Octobre 1913.
Hammam R'ihra, Aout — Septembre 1916 (albo venosa).
S. ellena. Meridj pres Ain Draham, Aout 1909.

Ain Draham les Sources, Juillet 1911.
S. sylvicola oberthueri. Batna, Septembre 1910.
S. s. holli. Glacieres de BUda, Juin 1912.

^. poivelli. Guelt-es-Stel, Septembre, Octobre 1913. Commun S.W. la crete
Sud a 2 km. du Caravanserail.
21

322 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Satyrus semele algirica. Guelt-es-Stel, Mai, Jiiin 1913.
S. pricuri. Guelt-es-Stel et Djelfa. Juiii 1913.
S. abdelkader abdelkader. Ain Sefra fin Mai 1915. 2 S6-

S. a. nelvai? Oasis des Aouinettes, 15 km. ouest de Gabes, Octobre, Novembre
1902. Cette espece est tres commune dans les plaines d'Alfa situees
.sur les bords du Golfe de Gabes ; elle parait tres voisine de la variete
nelvai Seitz. Les ?? sont de tres grande taiUe, mais la tache apicale
est jaune pale, un peu plus claire qu'a Guelt-es-Stel, alors que chez les
cJ(J elle est blanche et atteint souvent un tiers de la surface de I'aile.
8. a. abdelkader. Guelt-es-Stel. Aout, Septembre, Octobre 1913. Tres commune
sur les collines couvertes d'alfa ou vole jxchi ; tres facile a prendre
sur les fleurs de Golchicum autumnale. La chenUle vit en Juin et
Juillet sur Alfa, Stipa fenacissima, ou on pent la tronver assez com-
munement le soir a la lampe.
Pararge egeria. Tunis, Septembre 1910.

Hammam Life (Tunisia), Aoiit, Septembre 1910.
P. megera. Batna, Septembre 1910.

Ces 2 Pararge sont tres repandues dans tout le Nord ; je n'ai pris que 2 SS
de megera ab. tigelius, au Cap Bon en Septembre 1905.
Epinephele jurtina jurtimi. Ain Draham, Juin 1909.
Zaghouan, 30 Juin 1909.
Guelt-es-Stel, 13 Juin 1913.
E. tycoon. Guelt-es-Stel, Hassi Baba fin Mai 1913.
E. janiroides. Ain Draham, Juin 1909, Tres commun aux environs immediats

du village dans les coupes de bois.
E. ida. Tunis, Avril, INIai 190S.

Masser, Juin 1914.
Coenonympha arcanioides. Ain Draham, Juin 1910.
Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.
Masser, Juin 1914.
C. dorus austauti. Jlasser et Nedroma, Juin 1914.
C. pasiphae philippina. Masser, Juin 1914.
C. pamphilus lyllus. Sfax, Juin 1902.
Cap Bon Tunisie, Mai, Juin 1904.
Ain Draham, Juin 1910.
Oued Hamidou, Juin 1912.
Guelt-es-Stel, Avril 1913.
C. fettigii holli. Blida Glacieres, Juin 1912.

(I have only altered some of the names to correspond with my own work ;
the remarks and notes are all Faroult's own. The Gabes Satyrus abdelkader
mentioned by him as " vari6te nelvai " have never been recorded before, nor is
any record for Tunis extant, and I do not know where the specimens are. These
notes are the mere skeleton of what they ought to have been, as the bulk of
Faroult's papers were burnt by accident, as he informs me. — Rothschild.)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 32 J

SOME FURTHER NOTES ON ANTHREPTES MALACCENSIS.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

IN NoviTATES ZooLOGiCAE, ix. (1902), p. 209, I gave a review of the forms
of Anthreptes malaccensis. Though it hold.s good in the main, it requires
some supplementary notes. I suggested that specimens from Palawan might
belong to A. malaccensis cJilorigaster, the form from the Southern Philippines.
In NoviTATES ZooLOGiCAE, XX. p. 369,* Mr. Stresemann has pointed out some
differences, and came to the conclusion, from comparing one $ from Cagayan
Sulu, that it was not separable from the Palawan males, and therefore called
the latter A. malaccensis cagayanensis Mearns. I agree with this, though I
would like to compare a series of females from both places.

In my review I have not considered the females, and most authors have
neglected them. This is a mistake, as the females, in most cases, also show
differences, and sometimes more striking ones than the males.

The ? of A. m. chlorigaster differs from that of A. m. malaccensis in being
much darker greenish on the underside, only a line along the middle being yellow.

The $ of yl. m. griseigularis is similar, but the crown is darker, the back
less greenish.

The ? of A. m. iviglesworthi is distinguished from that of chlorigaster by
the more whitish throat, paler breast and abdomen, and more grejdsh crown.

The ? of A. m. celehensis is almost indistinguishable above from that of
wiglesworthi, but the throat is still more whitish and the whole rest of the under-
side very much paler.

The ^ oi A. m. cagayanensis (accepting that the Palawan form is the same)
is very near to that of A. m. cJilorigaster, but brighter yellow along the middle
of the underside, thus approaching typical malaccensis.

A great puzzle are the birds from the Lesser Sunda Islands. In my review
I kept them under a separate number, but did not provide them with a name,
as they seemed to agree with chlorigaster, and partly with celebensis. I cannot
now confirm that the Sumba males are Like those of celebensis, for they are more
yellowisli underneath, but I cannot say how they differ from chlorigaster. The
females, on the other hand, are distinctly paler underneath, especiaUy on the
throat, than those of A. m. chlorigaster, but seem to be indistinguishable from
the females of wiglesworthi. Geographically it is almost impossible that they
belong to either of these forms, but until I have seen more fresh material of all,
I do not care to take the risk of providing them with a name.

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H Journal ot'Zooloo^-

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXIV. "^"^^l^

No. 2.

Pages 325—438.
Plates II.— VIII.

Issued August 31st, at the Zoological Museum, Trixg.

PEIKTED BY HAZELL, WATSON U VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYI.KSliURY.

1917.

Vol. XXIV.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK

EDITED BT

LORD ROTHSCHIII), ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. II.

PAOES

1. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO MR. CHARLES

OBERTHUR'S FAVNE DBS LEPIDOP-
TERES DE LA BARBARIE (continued from
p. 120) Lord Rothsthild . . .325—373

2. NEW AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE . . Louis B. Prout . . 374—392

3. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO MR. CHARLES

OBERTHUR'S FAUNE DES LEPIDOP-

TERES DE LA BARBARIE (continued from •

p. 373) Lord Rothschild . . 393—409

4. NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOUTH

AMERICAN BIRDS Ernst Hartert and Arthur

Goodion. . . . 410—419

5. ON THE FORMS OF COTVRNIX COTURNIX Ernst Hartert

6. DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE OF

TROIDES ALLOTTEI ....

7. NEW AFRICAN GEOMETRIDAE .

8. SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA MIRA (PI. II.)

9. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ARCTIID .

Ernst Hartert

. 420—425

H. M. Peebles and IF.

Schmassmann

426, 427

Louis B. Prout

. 42S— 436

Ernst Hartert

. 437

II. C. Nissan

. 438

Plates III. — VIII. akd Explanations.
Plates II. — VIII. in this Number.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC AE.

Vol. XXIV. AUGUST 1917. No. H.

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO MR. CHARLES OBERTHUR'S
FAUNE DES LEPIDOPTERES DE LA BARBARIE, WITH
LISTS OF THE SPECIMENS CONTAINED IN THE TRING
MUSEUM.

(Continued from p. 120.)

By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.

HETEROCERA.

SFHINGIDAE.

1. Acherontia atropos (Linn.).

Sphinx atropos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 490. No. 8 (1758) (Europe).

We only met with this insect once, when Hilgert caught a fine specimen in
the waiting-room at Ain Sefra railway-station. It also appears to occur pretty
frequently at Hammam Meskoutinc, where it frequents the orange blossoms.
It does not sQem to vary in any way more than in Europe, and the larva appears
in the usual two forms, green and brown. The Tring Museum has 12 Algerian
examples.

1 Ain Sefra, May 1913, C. H.

2 Environs d'Alger, June — November 1904-1905, Dr. Nissen.
1 Alger ?, A, Thery.

7 Batna, August 1909-19U, Nelva coll.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, December 1914, Paul Dechabert.

(1 brought to Dr. Hai-tert at Mrair unfortunately fell to pieces.)
1 larva, Perregaux, 1915, Faroult.

2. Amorpha populi austauti (Stdgr.).

Smerinthus austauti Staudinger, Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p. 190 (1877) (Algiers).

The only time we met with this species ourselves was when one was brought
to us alive by a soldier at Ain Sefra.

This large and handsome form of A. populi is fairly abundant in all the
places north of the desert where poplar-trees occur or have been introduced.
It varies a great deal in the ground-colour of the wings, apparently unconnected
in any way with locality, though the series from Le Kroider are all very dark
grey, even darker than true austauti, while the bulk of the Aiin Sefra series is
pale coloured. Pour names have been bestowed on four different aberrations,

22

326 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

but all intermediates occur. The following gives about the proportions of the
four forms, but the intenBcdiate ones are included under the nearest form :
Le Krcider, all auslanti ; Ain Sefra, 4 aiistauii, 8 ab. siawlingeri, 10 ab. incarnaia,

3 ab. mirahilis ; Meridje, Morocco. 5 austauti, 10 ab. staudingeri, 5 ab. incarnata,

4 ah. mirahilis; Sidi-bel-Abbes, 1 ab. siawlingeri; Batna, 10 austauti, 11 ab.
staudingeri, 3 ab. inmrnata, 10 ab. mirabilis ; Tunis, 1 austauti, I ab. mirahilis.
In addition to these four well-known aberrations of this insect, Jlr. Charles
Oberthiir has named a saffron-yellow specimen he received from Tangier ab.
aurantiaca.

1 have one specimen taken in Algeria which is not populi austauti, but
true populi populi.

2 Mauretania, ex. coll. Grum-Grshimailo.

24 Meridje, Morocco, including the types of ab. staudingeri Aust., ab. in-
carnata Aust., and ab. mirabilis Aust.

25 Ain Sefra, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult, May— July 1913-1915.
18 Lo Kreider, Prov. Oran. April 1916, Rotrou.

1 Sidi-bel- Abbes, July 1912, Rotrou.

1 Alger, May 1908, Dr. Nissen (labelled W. R. and E. H.).

1 Hammam R'ihra, July 1916, Faroult.
34 Batna, May— July 1909-1914, A. Nelva.

2 Tunis, Dr. A. Koenig. 1886-1887.

1 larva (half-grown), 2 pupae, Meridje, Dr. Staudinger.

3 adult larvae, a number of freshly-hatched larvae, and 1 pupa, Ain Sefra.

2 pupae and 6 pupa-cases, Batna.

The Tring series of 108 specimens was selected from some 250 examples
from the various localities quoted.

The British Museum has 1 1 specimens : 7 Algiers, Leech coU. (austauti) ;
4 Am Sefra (ab. staudingeri and ab. mirahilis), Faroult, ex Tring Museum.

3. Amorpha populi populi (Linn.).

Sphinx populi Liiinaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 489. No. 2 (1758) (Sweden).

The specimen detailed below had evidently been imported in the egg stage
with young poplar-trees.

1 Perregaux, Prov. Oran, 1916, Faroult.

4. Smerinthus ocellatus atlanticus (Aust.).

SmerirUhm aUanticus Auataut, Le Natural, vol. xii. p. 190 (1890) (Oudja (Oudjda ? reote, W.E.)).

We never came across this insect ourselves, in spite of having worked a
lamp in many places where poplars and willows abound.

The Tring Museum possesses 49 specimens of this insect ; but it must not
be thought that this small number as compared with p. austauti denotes that
it is rarer than that species, for it is often much more abundant ; it is only an
accident that the Tring Museum has never received this insect in quantity.

4 Meridje, Morocco, including Austaut's t3'pes of atlanticus and form. temp.
aestivalis.

4 Algeria, Bohlmann (form. ae#t. aeslirxilis).

NoviTATES Zoological XXIV. 1917. 327

2 "S. Algeria" ! ! (Batna ? W. R.), August 1900, Dr. Standfuss.
1 Algiers ?.

1 Hussein Dey, May 1909, Captain Holl.
15 Batna, A. Nelva.

2 Sidi-bel-Abbes, April 1916, Rotrou.

20 Le Kreider, Prov. Oran, April 1916, Rotrou.
1 larva, 4 pupae, Batna, Faroult.
1 larva, 1 pupa-case, Sebdou.
1 larva, Meridje.

The British Jluseum has 5 specimens from Le Kreider ex Tring Museum.
The second or summer brood appears to be paler and with a more cinnamon-
rufous wash, and therefore appears much less grey than the spring brood. This
second brood is the form. aest. aestivalis of Austaut.

5. Deilephila nerii (Linn.).

Sphinx nerii Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 490. No. 5 (1758) (Europe).

Mr. Charles Oberthiir has no direct evidence of the occurrence of this fine
insect in Mauretania, and so says that it must remain for him doubtful. In
the autumn of 1907 our Arab guide and shikaree, Sliman ben Larbi, of Biskra,
found several larvae of D. nerii on the oleander bushes in the river-bed at El
Kantara, but, unfortunately, all the pupae died without yielding a perfect insect.
I have one larva received from Faroult which he declared came from near Alger.

1 larva, Alger, Faroult.

6. Herse convolvuli (Linn.).

Sphinx mnvolviili LinnaeuB, Syst. Nal. edit. i. p. 490. No. 6 (1758).

This insect is by no means common in Mauretania. We have only seen
it once in Algeria ; I captured one on the cinematograph screen in the Cafe
Glacier at Biskra in 1908.

10 Mazagan, August 1901, W. Riggenbaeh.

1 Sidi-bel-Abbds, August — September 1916, Rotrou.
12 Batna, 1909-1914, A. Nelva.
1 Biskra, April 1908, W. R. and E. H.

11 St. Germain, near Tunis, August — September 1905, E. Blanc.
1 lai-va, Alger ?, Faroult.

The British Museum has no Mauretanian examples.

7. Sphinx ligustri nisseni (Rothseh. and .lord.).

Sphitix liguslri nisseni Rothschild and Jordan, Novit, Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 253 (1916) (Hammam
Meskoutine).

Up to the time of writing, the single specimen taken by Dr. Nissen remains
the only recorded specimen from Mauretania, though Victor Faroult asserts
that he took a specimen in Tunisia some j'ears ago ; but this specimen seems
to have vanished together with a specimen of Arctia mja, also said by Faroult
to have been captured in Tunisia.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, April 1914, Dr. Nissen.

328 NoiaTATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

8. Sphinx pinastri pinastri Linn.
Sphinx pinaMri Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. edit. x. p. 492. No. 20 (1758) (Europe).

Mr. Cliarles Oberthiir records 1 $ taken by Harold Powell near Lambessa.
We have only met with this species at Hammam R'ihra. In 1908 at the foot
of an overturned Finns halepensis I found a dead pupa, and that was the only
evidence we had till I caught a o and a $ flying round the honeysuckle hedge
(Lonicera) near the Grand Hotel in 1913.

Faroult found three larvae in 1916, one of \\'hich he prepared, one died
in the pupa, and the third emerged as a very small and pale 3 specimen. There
appears to be no difference from typical European specimens ; but a larger series
from various parts of Mauretania may later on show this to be a distinct form
after all.

1 cJ, 1 ? Hammam R'ihra, May— June 1913, W, R. and E. H.
1 <J Hammam R'ihra, ex larva, 1916, Faroult.
1 larva, 1 pupa, Hammam R'ihra.

There are no Mauretanian examples recorded, except Mr. Oberthiir's speci-
men and the three in the Tring Museum.

9. Celerio nicaea castissima (Aust.).

Deikphila nicaea var. castissima Austaut, Le Natural, vol. v. p. 360 (1889) (Sebdou).

The ab. carnea Aust. has a decided rufous-cinnamon suffusion.

We never found this insect ourselves. Harold Powell says that the melanic
form of the larva is extremely rare in a state of nature, but that when the larvae
are reared in captivity a very large proportion become melanic. He says the
change is only apparent after the last moult. This is slightly different from what
I have to record. The single melanic larva preserved by Faroult from " Puits
Baba " was found adult and after its last moult, and was not the product of
captivity.

The 10 larvae from Aflou had no indications as to being already melanic
when found. But the difference from those recorded bj' Harold Powell con-
sists in the fact that this scries begins with the second instar and goes up to the
fuU-fed larva, and they all, from the smallest to the largest, are melanic ; which
shows that some larvae of nicaea castissima become melanic before the last
moult.

A specimen of the perfect insect from " Puits Baba " is also melanic ; it
has the forewings entirely dark bronzy green, except a pink discoceUular stigma
and a pinkish patch above the inner margin from which an oblique line of a few
pinkish spots runs to apex. The dark submarginal band of the hindwings is
enormously expanded. I have an entirely similar specimen of the European
C. euphorbiae euphorbiae. The Tring series of 48 specimens was selected from
about 150 examples. Faroult has a number of living pupae from Aflou which
should emerge in June and July of this year.

1 Meridje, Morocco, ex Austaut coll.

3 Sebdou, inchiding the types of castissima Aust. and ab. carnea Aust.

2 Khenchela, June 1911. Faroult.
42 Puits Baba, 1913, Faroult.

NoviTATES ZooLoaicAE XXIV. 1917. 329

1 larva, Khenchela, Faroult.

6 larvae, 4 pupae, Puits Baba (1 larva melanic), Faroult.

10 larvae, Aflou (melanic), Faroult.

The British Museum has 1 Meridje, C'ercle d'Oudjda, Austaut, ex Leech
coll.

10. Celerio euphorbiae mauretanica (Stdgr.).

Deilephila mauretanica Staudinger in Staudinger and VVocke's Catal. Lepid. Eur. Fauneng. edit. ii.
p. 36. No. 466 (1871) (llauretania, Madagascar).

We never took this race ourselves, except a single specimen at Khenchela.

1 Felder coll.

1 " Mauretania," ex Grum-Grshimailo coll.
35 Batna, July 1909-1914, A. Nelva.
13 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.

11 Lambessa ex larva, L. Kuhlmann, (larvae collected June 1905, full,
fed ; emerged at Frankfort-on-Maine, July — August 1905).

1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1916, Faroult.
3 Ain iJraham, Faroult.

9 St. Germain, near Tunis, August — September 1915, E. Blanc.

2 Tunis, April— June 1916, E. Blanc.

The British Museum has 1 " Algeria," ex Leech coll.

11. Celerio euphorbiae deserticola (Bartel).

Deilephila mauretanica ab. deserticola Bartel in Ruhl, Palaeark. Orossachm. vol. iL p. 79 (1899) (loo.
typ. reatr. Biskra, W. R.).

This pale desert form replaces e. mauretanica south of the Atlas, and runs
up into the "Hauts Plateaux" in the provinces of Alger and Oran. We
have taken it in most parts of its range which we have visited. Hartert saw
many larvae in May 1912 north of El-Golea.

3 " Mauretania," Grum-Grshimailo coll.

9 Aiin Sefra, May— July 1913-1915, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.
22 Guelt-es-Stel, ex larva 1913, Faroult.

3 Bou Saada, May 1911.

1 Laghouat, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

1 Ghardaia, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

1 <J north of El-Golea, April 21, 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Oued Nga, April 1914, E. H. and C. H.
39 Biskra, March— May 1885 and 1908-1914, L. Bleuse and W. R. and
E. H. (July ex larvae, W. R. and E. H.).
16 larvae, Biskra (2 W. R.).

1 larva, Guelt-es-Stel, Faroult.

1 larva, Ain Sefra, W. R. and E. H.

The British Museum has 6 specimens : 4 Algeria ex Leech coll. ; 2 imagines
and 2 larvae, Hammam-es-Salahin, Biskra, April 1904, Lord Walsingham (the
two imagines are darker and less sandy than the greater number of e. deserticola,
approaching more e. mauretanica).

330 NoVlTAtES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 191 1.

lla. Celerio euphoibiae mauretanica x C. lineata livomica.

We have taken two specimens of the above hybrid which compare very
well with the artificially bred hybrid between C. e. evpkorbiae x C. I. livomica.

The one from Oran was taken by myself at the electric liglit in the " Place,"'
and the one from Hammam R'ihra was caught by Hilgert.

1 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

■12. Celerio lineata livomica (Esp.).

Sphinx livornica Esper, Schmeti. vol. U. p. 88 (1779) (Europe).

This is by far the commonest hawk -moth in Mauretania ; in Algeria it was
often a perfect pest when we were collecting with a lamp, and at the honey-
suckle hedge at Hammam R'ihra it was in such numbers that we coidd have
taken over a hundred every night, and at Oran and Biskra round the lamps it
was sometimes almost as common. The laiva is very variable, but the curious
black and gold variety which is the normal form round Marseilles is very rare
in Mauretania. The larva I found at Ghardaia is pale apple green and looks
much lilfe the larva of C. centralasiae. Hartert found the larvae feeding (in
the bed of the Oued Mya) on Asphodehis tenuifolius. The Tring Museum has
a series of 250 Mauretanian examples.

4 Mazagan, Morocco, April 1901, W. Riggenbach.
1 Fenson, Morocco, April 1901, W. Riggenbach.

1 Seksawa, Morocco, April 1905, W. Riggenbach.

2 Mogador, Staudinger.

10 Zoudj-el-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.

1 Colomb Bechar, March — April 1913, Faroult.

2 Djebel Mekter, Ain Scfra, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.

30 Ain Sefra, May 1913-1915, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.
8 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

2 Lalla Marnia, May 1914, Faroult.
20 Oran, April 1913,.W. R. and E. H.

1 Oudjda, May 1914, Faroult.

8 Environs d'Alger, May— July 1904^1908, W. R., E. H., and Dr. Nisaen.
50 Hammam R'ihra, May 1913-1916, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.
1 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, August 1916, Faroult.

15 Guelt-es-8tel, April 1912-1913, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.
4 Tilghempt, April 1912, Faroult.

6 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.

3 Oued N9a, April— June 1912-1914, E. H. and C. H.
1 South Oued Mya, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 In-Salah, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

16 north of and at Ain Guettcra, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.
6 north of El Golea, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 Bordj Chegga, February 1912, E. H. and C. H.
33 Biskra, March— April 1908-1914, W. R. and E. H.

1 El Kantara, June 1911, Cheli Brahim.
14 Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.

NovttaTes Zoolooicae XXIV. 1917. 331

3 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

6 Ain Draham, August — September 1912, Faroult.
1 larva, Marcouna, Faroult.

1 larva, Ghardaia, W. R. and E. H.

1 larva, Ain Sefra, W. R. and E. H.

2 larvae, Hammam R'ibra, Faroult.

Several young larvae north of Ain Guettera, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

The British Museum has 1 specimen : Biskra, Rev. A. E. Eaton (bred from
a larva feeding on Asphodelus pendulitms ; emerged June 1897).

13. Hippotion celerio (Linn.).

Sphinx celerio Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 491. No. 10 (1758) (Europe).

We only met with this species once in Algeria, when Hilgert caught a rather
poor specimen at the honeysuckle hedge in Hammam R'ihra.

8 Sidi-bel- Abbes, August — September 1916, Rotrou.
5 Mazagan, Morocco, April 1901, W. Riggenbach.
1 Rabat, A. Thery, 1914.
20 Batna, April— May 1909-1914, A. Nelva.
1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

3 Environs d'Alger, September 1906, Dr. Nissen.

1 Blida (ex larva October 1916, emerged January 1917), Faroult.

The British Museum has no Mauretanian examples. The Tring Museum
has 39 Mauretanian specimens.

14. Pergesa porcellus colossus (Bang-Haas).

Metoapilue porcellus var. colossus Bang-Haaa, Iris, vol. xix. p. 129 (1906) (Teniet-el-Haad).

This insect appears to be rare in Mauretania. We met with it only once
at BUda les Glacieres, when a fairly good S came to Ught.

1 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K, J.
1 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, June 1916, Faroult.

1 Batna, 1908, Master-Saddler Taillefer (poor specimen).

15. Macroglossum stellatarum (Linn.).

Sphinx stellatarum Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 493. No. 26 (1758).

Although it is widespread and common in all parts of Mauretania, our series
at Tring is poor in number as well as in condition, totalling only 34 examples.

7 Mazagan, Morocco, April 1900-1902, W. Riggenbach.

2 Rabat, 1914, A. Thery.

2 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

4 Environs d'Alger, May — June 1905-1908, W. R., E. H., and Dr. Nissen.

3 Blida les Glacieres. W. R. and K. J., 1908.

7 Hammam R'ihra, April— August 1908-1916, W. R., E. H., K. J., and
Faroult.

332 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 191 7.

1 South Oued Mya, May 1912. E. H. and (". H.

2 Biskra, March 1908-1911, W. R. and E. H.
2 El Kantara, March 1908, W. R. and E. H.
2 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

IC. Haemorrhagia tityus tityus (Linn.).

Sphinx tityus Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. edit. x. p. 493. No. 24 (1758).

Wc never found this species, and the Tring Museum possesses no Maure-
tanian examples.

17. Haemorrhagia fuciformis hiciformis (Linn.).

Sphinx fuciformis Linnaeus, Syst. Xat. edit. x. p. 493. No. 28 (1758) (Europe).

We found this species at Hammam R'ihra, where Hilgert caught a fine
specimen in May 1911. In our "Revision of the Sphingidae," NoviT. Zool.
vol. ix. Suppl. p. 455 (1903), we give among the localities for this species "North
Africa," but so far as I have been able to ascertain the only Mauretanian
examples available for examination are my two from Haraniam R'ihra, for
Mr. Oberthiir only quotes our " North Africa."

2 Hammam R'ihra, May— June 191.V1916, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.

The British Museum has no Mauretanian examples of any of the last four
species. In the Intern. Entoni. Zeitsch. Stuttg. vol. xxiii. p. 105, Dr. Seitz gives
a list of 11 Sphingidae as occurring in Algeria, of which the only one we at
Tring have no definite records of is Hippotion osiris Dalm. : as this occurs
sporadically and at long intervals in Spain, there is no reason to doubt its occa-
sional occurrence in Mauretania. Dr. Seitz then proceeds to state that the
occurrence of H. fuciformis, P. porcellus, C. vespertilio, and Proserpiniis proser-
pina Pall, in Mauretania rests on erroneous identifications. As we have seen,
H. fvciformis and P. porcellus colossus are natives of Algeria, and I see no reason
why Proserpinus should not be discovered there as well ; but I do not beheve
that C. vespertilio, which is a high Alpine species extending from Switzerland
to Persia, will be found within our limits. There is, however, a lot of lepidoptero-
logically unexplored mountain country both in Algeria and Timis, and nearly
the whole of Morocco is virgin ground ; so that many and great surprises no
doubt await us. In his article Mr. Meade-Waldo records Acherontia atropos,
Tangier, September 1901 ; Amorpha populi austauti, ab. incarnata, Tangier ;
Celerio lineata livornica, April and May 1901, Tangier ; Hippotion celerio, Tangier,
September 1901 ; and Macroglossum stelkdarum, very common everywhere.

Mr. de Joannis records Celerio lineata livornica as taken at the Oued
Kadamellet (north of Air), September 1905, by M. R. C'hudeau.

ZYGAEITIDAE.

[Zygaena Javonia-loyselis group.

Mr. Oberthiir, in Fasc. XII. pp. 222-223 of his Etudes Comparees, in discussing
the three forms of the tr I folii group found in Algeria, is of opinion that modern
lepidopterists have united too many forms under the specific entity Irifolii, and
that when the genitaha have been carefully studied we shall find that the group
of forms placed under the specific entity Zygaena trifolii Esp. will prove to

NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXIV. 1917. 333

belong to several species. In this I am inclined to heartily agree with him. I
now, however, have to point out that in view of his opinion on the irijolii group,
his treatment of the favonia group appears very inconsistent. He quite con-
sistently treats loyselis as a good species on evidence which, to my mind, is
quite conclusive, but he has lumped all the remaining named forms as aberra-
tions of favonia. As I will explain later, this treatment is quite an impossible
one, for should, after all, tliese forms thevestis, staudingeri, vitrina, and valentini
turn out to belong to favonia specifically, several of them must rank as sub-
species and not as aberrations. I consider, however, that vitrina and thevestis
are good species. First of all, Mr. A. Nelva assured me that he had bred vitrina
and that it had a larva somewliat intermediate between that of favonia and
loyselis and the food plant was an Eryngium with blue flowers, while favonia
and loyselis feed exclusively on the Eryngivm campestre, which has yellow
flowers.

Mr. Oberthiir states quite truly that at Batna and Lambessa and Khenchcla
the form thevestis is very rare and quite sporadic, while at Aflou and Geryville
this form preponderates and favonia is the one of sporadic occurrence. Mr.
Oberthiir refers us to his Etudes d'Entomologie, livr. xiii., and he has assumed
that thevestis is only an aberration or form of favonia, as one was taken in copula
with a typical favonia. This to my mind is no evidence at all ; the Zygaenas,
in my opinion, which Dr. Jordan confirms, are a family still as it were in the
melting-pot, and quite in a transition stage of development. We find characters
developed on one side and not on the other, and in many specimens (that is, a
larger proportion than in other families) of one and the same species a mixture
of characters quite abnormal. As a consequence we also find a greater tendency
for all sorts of Zygaenas to copulate with one another, though hybrids in a
state of nature are rarely produced from such mixed intercourse. I have, how-
ever, among my loyselis two which liave pale red collars, but the hairs on the
tegulae and patagia are white as in thevestis. These, I think, are clearly hybrids
between loyselis and thevestis. I received 478 Zygaenas of this group from
Guelt-es-Stel from Victor Faroult, and of these 460 were thevestis and 18
loyselis ; not a single one was favonia. I have from elsewhere 2 thevestis from
Khenchela out of 132, 1 from Batna out of 287, 2 from Marcouna out of 48,
1 from C'heha out of 20, and 1 from Lambessa out of 7.

Of this group the Tring Museum possesses 1,240 examples, besides some 400
or 500 duplicates, of which 100 arc loyselis, and 1,140 favonia-vitrina-thevestis.
Of the series from the west of Algeria from Masser Mines — Nedroma of 250, 5
are true favonia and 245 are staudingeri, i.e. have a pink ring on one segment
of the abdomen only. I have this form otherwise only from Hammam R'ihra,
where some of the examples have even partly lost the pink ring altogether ;
of the 41 specimens from this place in the Tring series, 19 are of the form stau-
dingeri. I have come to the conclusion, therefore, that in this group loyselis,
vitrina, thevestis, and favonia are four distinct species, while confluens Dz. is an
aberration of loyselis, and staudingeri is a subspecies of favonia occurring as an
aberration in the east and as a subspecies in the west of the range ; valentini
is an aberration of favonia, while the Moroccan forms must be separated as
subspecies. It only remains to find out what designation these latter should
bear. M. Blachier has described from Morocco a Zygaerui favonia var. aurata
in which the ground-colour is greenish golden, but there are specimens which

334 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

are not at all like this, while I have 2 favonia from Batna which have the ground-
colour exactly lilce aurata Blachier. My 5 from Mogaclor are not like auraUi,
but very dark, similar in colour to sarpedon ab. vernetensis Oberth. ; aurata
Blach. and a form almost like typical favonia were got by Mr. Meade- Waldo
about 12,000 feet on Tizi Gourza in July 1901, where they were very abundant.
It would therefore appear that two races of favonia occur in Morocco : first,
the high mountain form, which, however unfortunately, must stand as Z.
favonia aurata Blach. ; second, the Atlantic Coast form, which requires a new
name.]

18. Zygaena zuleima Pierret.

Zygaena zuleima Pierret, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. vi. p. 22. tab. 1. f. 8 (1837) (B6ne).

We found this insect very scarce and local, and it was only on our sixth
visit to Algeria in 1914that we dropped across it accidentally in the Arab cemetery
at Souk Ahras, where it positively swarmed.

1 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.
12 Environs d'Alger, Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.

1 Environs d'Alger, March 1912, W. R. and K. J.

2 Maison Caree, March 1910, Captain HoD.

2 Hammam R'ihra, May 1911-1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Constantine, May 1908, W. R. and E. H.

139 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

6 Djebel Djeloud, March 1912, Tunisia, Staudinger.

1 Djebel Ressas, March 1912, Staudinger (yellow aberration).
6 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.

2 ?

2 cocoons.

The yellow aberration appears not to have been recorded before. The
specimen from Djebel Ressas is a ? and the red is replaced by huffish yellow.
I name it ab. flavescens ab. nov.

The British Museum has 10 specimens : 2 labelled Spain ! ! and 4 Morocco ? !
Leech coll. ; 2 Algiers, Frey coll. ; 2 Teniet-el-Haad, May 1892, G. Lewis.

The Tring series totals 173 specimens.

19. Zygaena loyselis Oberth.

Zygaena loijaelis Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. liv. i. p. 34. t. 4. f. 4 (1876) (Lambesaa).

Although we collected Zygaenas in considerable numbers in several districts
where loyselis occurs, we never caught a specimen ; though after Mr. A. Nelva
showed me how to look for them, I found several larvae at Batna.

19 Guelt-es-Stel, May 1913, Faroult.

14 Puits Baba, May 1913, Faroult.

16 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

38 Batna, May— Jime 1911-1912, A. Nelva.

4 Lambessa, May — June 1885-1912. L. Bleuse and A. Nelva.

1 Khenchcla, June 1911, Faroult.

6 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 335

Of the 98 specimens enumerated above, 10 are ab. confluens Dz. One Guelt-
es-Stel example has the ground-colour of the forewngs deep steel blue.
The British Museum has 2 "Algiers " ! Leech coll.

20. Zygaena loyselis occidentalis Oberth.

Zygaena loyselis ocHdetUalis Oberthiir, Etud. Lepidop. Conip. Faac. XII. p. 208 (1916) (G&yville).

We never found this insect in the west of Algeria, as we were too early at
Oran, Lalla Marnia, and Tlemcen, and at Saida we only caught 2 Zygaenas
altogether.

1 Geryville, May 1886, Lt. Lahaye.
1 Lalla Marnia, May 1914, Faroult.

The British Museum has 1 Geryville, Leech coll.

21. Zygaena favonia favonia Frr.

Zygaena javonia Freyer, Neu. Beitr. Schmett. vol. v. p. 76. t. 428. f. 1 (1845) (Turkey ! !).

Freyer described favonia from a specimen captured by Dr. Wagner, but
evidently not reahsing that Dr. Wagner had also made extensive journeys in
Algeria, he gave a wrong locahty. Z. valentini Brd. appears to be the typical
foim and javonia only an occasional very dark aberration, but favonia, having
been pubhshed two j^ears before, must stand.

We collected favonia first at Hammam R'ihra in 1908, where most of the
specimens had only one pink ring, and we have taken it at ELhenchela, Saida,
and Hammam Meskoutine among other places. Through the help of Mr. A.
Nelva, I found a few larvae of this species myself at Batna and later at Hammam
Meskoutine. The Tring series numbers 587 examples.

5 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

7 Environs d'Alger, 1909, Captain Holl.

7 Foret de Yakouren, May 1909, Mrs. Walsh.
22 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1911, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
131 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.
46 Djebel Marcouna, June 1911, Faroult.
19 Djebel Cheha, June 1911, Faroult.

6 Lambessa, June 1885, L. Bleuse.

10 Hammam Meskoutine ex larva (larva found May 1914, emerged at Tring
June 1914).

2 Ain Draham, July 1911, Faroult.

34 Environs de Tunis, March— June 1911-1915, Staudinger and E. Blanc.

35 Djebql Ressas, Tunisia, April 1912, Staudinger.

2 Djebel Djeloud, Tunisia, March 1912, Staudinger.

(1 Djebel Ressas is the yellowish ab. poivelli Oberth. and 1 Djebel
Djeloud example is a bright clear yellow.)
287 Batna, May— June 1911-1912, Nelva.

1 Geryville, May 1885, Lt. Lahaye.

2 Mauretania, Staudinger.

1 Morocco ! ! Grum-Grshimailo coll.

336 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

The ochre-yellow form alone lias been named ab. fowelli by Mr. Oberthur,
90 I propose for the clear bright yellow form the name of ab. flava ab. nov.

The British Museum has 8 specimens : 2 Algiers, Frey coll. ; 2 Mauretania,
Leech coll. ; .3 Constantine, Crowley bequest ; 1 Shietia, Tunisia, G. C. Champion.

22. Zygaena favonia staudingeri Aust.

Zygaena cedri var. staudingeri Au3taut, Peiites Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p. 243 (1878) (Nemours).

We never took this form in the west, but found it as an aberration at
Hammam R'ihra.

Mr. Oberthiir has confused this race with vitrina Stdgr., which I consider
a distinct species, for reasons stated before. I have never seen vitrina,
which appears to be confined to the province of Constantine, with only
one pink abdominal ring ; it always has two and generally three such rings ;
while, on the contrary, from wherever I have seen true favonia, I have
seen occasionally specimens with single rings and in the extreme west of
Algeria only 2 per cent, or 20 per 1,000 have more than one ring. I therefore
consider that /. staudingeri (which differs from favonia favonia in the single
abdominal ring) should be treated as a local subspecies and not only as an
aberration.

1 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
1 Tifrit, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
236 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.
19 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1911, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

23. Zygaena favonia littoralis subsp. nov.

(J ?. Differs from /. favonia in the ground-colour of the forewings being as
dark as in sarpedon veryietensis, i.e. sooty green-grey, ^^•hile the red spots and the
hindwings are of a dark purpUsh blood-red. There is a single abdominal ring as
in /. staudingeri.

Habitat. Atlantic Uttoral of Morocco.

5 Mogador, Staudinger.

24. Zygaena favonia aurata Blachier.

Zygaena favonia aurata Blachier, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, vol. Ixxiv. p. 213 (1905) (Moroccan
Atlas).

I have seen two specimens of this form collected by Mr. Meade-Waldo on
Tizi Gourza, Moroccan Atlas, about 1 2,400 ft., in July 1 901 , together with a speci-
men which is intermediate between favonia stavdingeri and favonia littoralis.
In his article Mr. Meade- Waldo says both forms were very common. For the
moment I retain these two forms under favonia as a local race ; but I believe
when we get more material aurata will prove a distinct species, alongside of which
occurs a local race of favonia.

This other form I propose to name for the present /. aurata form, diniorph.
iyitermedia form. nov. ; but if aurata proves, as I believe it ^ill, to be a distinct
species, it will then have to stand as favonia intermedia Rothseh.

Of this intermedia there are in the Britisli Museum, in addition to Mr. Meade-
Waldo's Tizi Gourza specimen, seven others labelled " Morocco," Leech coll.

NOVTIATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 337

25. Zygaena thevestis Stdgr.

Zygaena tlievestis Staudiager, Bed. Entom. Zeitschr. vol. xxxi. p. 33 (1887) (Lainbessa, Tebessa).

I have stated above that I consider tliis a distinct species which is very
rare in the province of Constantine, fairly common in the province of Oran, and
very abundant on the " Hants Plateaux " of the central province. That it has
been observed in copula with favonia, I must again repeat, is no evidence of
specific identity, as many species of Zygaena have been observed in copula with
very diverse other species, and even with Procris, and j'ct no one disputes their
specific rank.

We have only taken a single thevestis, and that at Khenchela. The British
Museum has no examples. The Tring series totals 292 examples.

1 Mauretania, Staudinger.
285 Guelt-es-Stel, June 1913, Faroult.
1 Batna, 1909, Nelva.

1 Djebel CheUa, June 1911, Faroult.

2 Djebel Marcouna, June 1911, Faroult.

2 Lambessa, June 1885-1912, Nelva and L. Bleuse.

26. Zygaena vitrina Stdgr.

Zygaena favonia var. vitrina Staudinger, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. vol. xxxi. p. 32 (1887) (Constantine).
We never found this insect ourselves, nor have any of my correspondents
found it except Mr. A. Nelva, who has bred a few from larvae feeding on a blue-
flowered Eryngium. The British Museum has no examples.

7 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.
27. Zygaena seriziati Oberth.

Zygaena seriziati Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. Uv. i. p. 33 (1876) (Collo).

We have never taken this species ourselves, not having collected in the
locaUties where it is found ; in fact, in the only one of these we have visited
(Bone) we stayed only a few hours on our way back from Lac Fezara.

2 Collo, May 1887, Dr. Seriziat, Grum-Grshimailo coll.
9 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.
32 Leila Kredidja, June— July 1907-1912, Dr. Nissen.

The specimens in which the hindwings have the red reduced to a spot at the
base and one on the disc have been named ab. nigra Dz, All my series from Leila
Kredidja are of this form, and moreover the red spots on the forewings are very
small.

The British Museum has 1 6 specimens : 4 Collo, Frey coll. ; 5 PhiUppeville,
May 1904, Lord Walsingham ; 2 Algeria, Herring, 1874 ; and 5 ex Leech coll.
labelled 3 " Algiers " ! ! and 2 " Spain " ! ! ! The Tring series totals 43.

28. Zygaena syracusia Zell.

Zygaena syracusia Zeller, Iris, vol. xl. col. 301. No. 68 (3) (1847) (Sicily).

The same remarks apply to this species as to seriziati, namely, that we
ourselves never took it ; but, unlike that species, the cause is not the same,

338 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

for we have collected in many of the localities syracusiae inhabits, but we never
liad the hick to find it.

Mr. Oberthiu- is convinced that this form and the last are quite distinct from
trijolii, in which I agree ^\ith him. I also agree that Spanish australis and syra-
cusiae are very different ; but I cannot see any difiercnce between my few Khen-
cliela specimens and the Batna-Lambessa ones. I have too few from Khenchela to
assert positively that they are the same — perhaps the facts are that both australis
and syracusiae occur at Khenchela ; but I can say this, that I have never seen a
single Algerian specimen with such pointed forewings nor with the "ground-
colour " so green as my Central Spanish specimens. As I have no specimens from
Hammam R'ihra, my three Khenchela specimens are the only Mauretanian speci-
mens I have, with a definite locality, which belong to syracusiae, according to Mr.
Oberthiir's locaUties, but I can only repeat they agree exactly with those I have
from Batna, Lambessa, and Ljebel ChcUa, of which the ground-colour is some-
times green and sometimes more blue. I therefore can only suppose that either
all mine are australis or else that name cannot be applied to any form from south
of the Mediterranean. This latter is decidedly my view of the case and the one

I adopt here. Six specimens from Batna are veritable dwarfs (length of forewing

II mm., expanse 25 mm. ; while the largest specimen from Batna has length
of forewing 17 mm., expanse 39 mm.).

112 Batna, May — October 1910-1915, Nelva and Faroult.
6 Lambessa, June 1 885, L. Bleuse.
3 Klienchela, June 1911, Faroult.
6 Djebel Cheha, June 1911, Faroult.

9 Hussein Dey (Environs d'Alger), May— October 1908-1910, Captain Holl.
2 Mauretania, Staudinger.
6 Environs de Tunis, April — June 1916, E. Blanc.

The latter five specimens are rather different from the rest, being decidedly
much bluer, and the five red spots on the forewing are much smaller.
The British Museum does not possess this insect, from Mauretania.

29. Zygaena algira algira Dup.

Zygaena algira Duponchel in Godart's Pap. France, vol. iii. Suppl. ii. p. 86. No. xxxiii. (1835) (Alger).

Mr. Oberthiir has renamed the insect figured by Herrich-Schaefferas algira,
and which is also the insect described by Duponchel as algira, as hachaga in his
Etudes Gomparees. This he has done solely because Duponchel's figure does
not agree with his description, and Mr. Oberthur only acknowledges figures. The
insect on Plate VII. fig. 6 is that of a Zygaena with white collar and whitish patagia
combined with a red streak on the inner margin of the forewings, while the dark
markings do not agree with those of algira in shape or number. It is quite
possible that this figure represents a chance liybrid between felix Oberth. and
algira Dup. ; but whatever it may be it does not concern the question of tlie name
algira, for notwithstanding the efforts of Mr. Oberthiir and his friends, the
largest number of entomologists of the world will always continue to abide by the
International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, and these state that in the case
of a description and figure purporting to be both of the same insect but in reality

NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 339

representing two distinct species, the description and not the figure decides to
which of the two species the name refers.

Until we discover a Zygaena hke the figure of Duponchel, this latter will
I'emain doubtful ; but there can be no doubt to what insect Duponchel's descrip-
tion refers, and even Mr. Oberthiir acknowledges that he has specimens from
Sebdou, Khenchela, and Bainen which only differ from typical hilaris of Europe
by the red streak along the inner margin of the forewings, and thus agreeing
absolutely with Duponchel's description. I therefore am unable to foUow Mr.
Oberthiir's reasoning, and consider that his name bachaga must either be sunk as
an absolute synonym or else be used as an aberrational name only to designate the
specimens with very heavy black markings and pale rings round the dark spots.

We have taken this insect in special abundance at Alger and Hammam
R'ihra, and we found that in the Alger series the specimens with heavy black
markings were much more abundant than in the Hammam R'ihra series. In
West Algeria it appears to be much rarer than in East Algeria, for I have only one
specimen from Oran ; and the only place we found it ourselves was on the Djebel
Mekter, and out of a series of 98 Zygacnas from there, 7 were algira and 91
marcouna. I brought back a large number of cocoons of this species to Tring,
and bred a fine series, as well as a large number of two or three species of
Hymenopterous and two of Dipterous parasites.

15 Djebel Zaccar, above JNIiliana, June 1916, Faroult.

7 Djebel Mekter, Ain Sefra, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.
1 Oran, ex coll. Grum-Grshimailo.
37 Environs d'Alger, March-^une 1907-1912, W. R., K. J., and Dr. Nissen.
1 ex larva (larva Alger, emerged Hammam R'ihra, May 1 908 ; aberration with
most of black patches coalescent).

7 ex larva (larva Alger, emerged Marseille, June 1908).
13 ex larva (larva Alger, emerged Digne, June 1908).

226 ex larva (larva Alger, emerged Tring, June— July 1912).
186 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1916, W. R., E. H., K. J., and Faroult.
51 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

5 Phihppeville, Kuhhnann.

1 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

1 Ain Draham, Tunisia, July 1911, Faroult.

2 Mauretania, Stau dinger.

3 larvae, Alger.

6 cocoons, Alger.

16 No. 1 Ichneumon ? , Alger (hatched Digne and Marseille).
46 No. 1 Ichneumon ? , Alger (hatched at Tring).

3 No. 2 Ichneumon ? , Alger (hatched Digne and Marseille).
101 No. 2 Ichneumon ? , Alger (hatched at Tring).
3 No. 3 Ichneumon ? , Alger (hatched at Tring).

1 Tachinid No. 1, Alger (hatched at Tring).

8 Tachinid No. 2, Alger (hatched at Tring).

2 Tachinid No 2, Alger (hatched Digne and Marseille).

The Tring series consists of 562 specimens. The British Museum possesses
1 1 examples : 2 Algeria, Frey coll. ; 6 Algiers, Leech coU. ; 2 Crowley bequest ;
and 1 Bowring ex Linnean Society donation, 1863.

340 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAI: XXIV. 1917.

30. Zygaena algira exigua Seitz.

Zygaena algira ab. exigim Seitz, Orossschm. Erde, vol. ii. p. 29. pi. 8. row a. (1909) (High Atlaa,
Algeria).

Dr. Seitz, although he states that the form he calls exigua is the High Atlas
race of algira, has only treated it as an aberration. The form found round Batna ,
Lambessa, and Khenchela is clearly an algira form, but it is, as Dr. Seitz says,
generally smaller than coastal algira, and a number of individuals have a magenta
or purplish tinge which is never found in algira from the Uttoral. I therefore
think it is necessary to keep it separate as a local race.

69 Environs de Batna, May 1911-1914, A. Nelva.
36 Lambessa, June 18S5-1912, L. Bleuse and Nelva.

3 Klienchela, May— June 1911-1912, Faroult, W. R., and K. J.
2 Mauretania, ex coU. Grura-Grshimailo.

The Tring series comprises 110 examples.

31. Zygaena marcouna marcouna Oberth.
Zygaena marcouna Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. liv. xii. p. 27 (1889) (Marcouna).

We have never taken the typical marcouna, which appears to be confined
to the Aurds Mountains and is very rare.

4 Mauretania, ex coll. Grum-Grshimailo, and Staudinger.

32. Zygaena marcouna excelsa subsp. nov.

This form differs from marcouna tnarcouna in being larger, the wings broader,
and the red much brighter and tinged with mauve.

Habitat. Djebel Mekter, 1,600-1,900 metres = 5,200-0,175 ft., near Ain
Sefra.

84 Djebel Mekter, May 1913, E. H. and C. H.

33. Zygaena felix Oberth.

Zygaena felix Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. liv. i. p. 30 (1876) (BogUari, Lambessa).

Mr. Charles Oberthiir is of opinion that this Zygaena is a distinct species and
not, as Staudinger and others have stated, a subspecies of hilaris. It is certainly
very different from typical hilaris, and is moreover excessively variable individu-
ally. Specimens occur with and without the abdominal pink ring and witli and
without white or buff rings round the red spots on the forewings ; sometimes
these pale rings are so expanded as to make the ground-colour white or buff ;
in some the red patches are pale pink, in others the whole of the red on fore- and
hindwings is a mauve-pink, and again others have this colour intense deep red.
The typical jelix has the abdomen entirely black and the red of the forewings
margined narrowly with white ; similar specimens but with a pink abdominal ring
are ab. mauretanica Stdgr. ; while specimens with the white margins much
expanded are ab. faustiila Stdgr. We took this species in quantity at Khenchela
and one soUtary example at Hammam R'ihra.

1 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908; W. R. and K. J.

2 Magenta, June 1886, Lt. Lahaye.

3 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 341

3 Djelfa, May — June 1913, Faroult.

1 Forefc de Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.
255 Environs de Batna, May — June 1908-1912, Taillefer, A. Nelva, and Faroult.
214 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.

4 Lambessa, June 1885, L. Bleuse.

1 Djebel Marcouna, June 1911, Faroult.

8 Djebel Chelia, June 1911, Faroult.
1 "Algerie," DeyroUe.

9 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.

The Tring series comprises 502 specimens. There are no specimens of this
species in the British Museum.

34. Zygaena carniolica orana Dup.

Zygaena orana Duponchel in Godart's Pap. France, vol. iii. Suppl. ii. p. 145. t. 12. f. 8 (1835) (Oran).

We have only foimd this insecrt ourselves once, when I captured a single
specimen at Tlemcen. I have the very poor series of 12 examples ; quite in-
sufficient to demonstrate the characters of the race. It never has an abdominal
ring.

Mr. Meade- Waldo quotes c. orana from Larvishe, April 1902.

1 Tlemcen, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

1 Oran ex Grum-Grshimailo coll.

2 Titen Yaya, April 1915, Rotrou.
6 Mauretania, Staudinger.

1 " Algerie " Deyrolle.

35. Zygaena carniolica allardi Oberth.

Zygaena allardi Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. liv. iii. p. 41. pi. 5. f. 5 (1878) (Marcouna).

We have taken this race ourselves at Khenchela, where we found it sUghtly
less abundant than Z. jelix. It is always distinguishable from c. orana by the
abdominal ring, which though sometimes very faint is always present.

2 Mauretania, Staudinger.

314 Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.
2 Lambessa, June 1885, L. Bleuse.

1 Djebel Chelia, June 1911, Faroult.

78 Environs de Batna, June 1910-1912, Nelva and M. Bartel.

2 " Algerie," De5Tolle.

The British Museum has one specimen, Khenchela, April 1906, Lord
Walsingham. Among the Tring series of 399 specimens is one in which the
basal half of the forewings resembles c. orana ab. powelli and the outer half
carniolica lahayei.

36. Zygaena carniolica limitans subsp. nov.

Thi.s form occurs along the littoral from Philippeville to Tunis. It is very
small, has no abdominal ring, the ground-colour of the forewing is very dark,
and the spots distinct. Resembles most c. orana, but colours darker and duller

23

342 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917.

and the forewings shorter and more rounded. Tj-pe Bone, May 9, 1911.
1 specimen in British Museum, Collo, Constantine, Frey coll.

15 Bone, May 1911,

32 Tunis, April — June 1911-1915, Kuhhnann and E. Blanc (2 DeyroUe).

47 examples in all are at Tring.

37. Zygaena carniolica lahayei Oberth.

Zygaena orana lahayei Oberthiir, ? ! ? ? J

I have been quite unable to make out where Jlr. Oberthiir first published the
name lahayei. It would be of the utmost use to entomologists and save an infinity
of trouble if when writing about species or varieties, whether of their owti creation
or those of others, all entomologists made it a rule, as we now do at the Tring
Museum, to quote the original description as well as the name.

It was supposed by Mr. Oberthiir that c. lahayei was confined to the Gery-
ville district, but Faroult sent it to me from the neighbourhood of Djelfa.

5 Geryville, June 1886, Lt. Lahaye.
22 Djelfa, June 1913, Faroult.
14 Foret de Djelfa, June 1913. Faroult.

1 "Mauretania," Staudinger.

The Tring series is small, only 42 specimens. There are 3 specimens in the
British Museum, Geryville, Leech coll.

38. Zygaena camiolica maroccana subsp. nov.

?. I should under ordinary circumstances strongly deprecate describing
subspecies from a single specimen, especially as Zygaenas are so variable ; but
in this instance the differences are too palpable for error.

The specimen came in a small collection from Mogador, the whole of which
was sold to me by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.

This specimen differs at first from all Mauretanian forms of carniolica by
its large size. It equals in size the S? of the fine Syrian race described and
figured by Mr. Oberthiir as carniolica praestans (Etud. Lipid. Covip. Fasc. IV.
p. 637 (1910) (Akbes) ; Etud. Entom. liv. xx. pi. 7. ff. 115, 116 (1896)).

It differs from c. praestans in having less white round the first five red spots of
the forewing, but the most striking difference is the very enlarged almost quadrate
sixth spot, which is entirely without any white ring.

Habitat. Mogador.

1 ? Mogador, Staudinger.

39. Zygaena theryi Joann.

Zygaena theryi de Joannis, Bull. Soc. ErUom. France. 1908. p. 203 (Environs de Philippeville).

My description of this fine Zygaena appeared just a few weeks later than that
of the Abbe de Joannis, so that my name of nisseni has to give way to that of
theryi. I described it as a subspecies of lavandulae, but Mr. Oberthiir considers
it to be a distinct species, forming the transition from Zygaena to Arichalca
Wallengren.

It will require a careful morphological c9mparison to prove the truth or

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

First row and first two figures of second row : Zygaena lavandnlae, Esp.
Third and fourth figures of second row and third row : Zygaena lavandnla ab.

consobrina Ger.
Fourth row : Zygaena theryi Joan. Larvae of Zygaena theryi on a species of

Coronilla, on Djebel Zaccar in North Algeria, June 1917.

NOVITATHS ZoOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIV. I9I7.

PL. X.

jjr -«jA^^ — -Si" Vf fii" "(^^'^ am *

Zygsena theryi with larva, and Z. lavandulse

NoviTATES ZooLoaiCAi: XXIV. 1917. 343

otherwise of this transitional position sugge.sted by Mr. Oberthiir, but I have
now come to the conclusion that Mr. Oberthiir is right in his opinion as to the
specific distinction of theryi and lavaiidulae. The rounded wings and different
relative proportions of the red spots are characters which strike one at first sight
as well as the longer antennae.

I have not been able to find any record of the capture of Z. theryi except the
type captured by Mr. A. Thery as above, 1 single specimen captured by Mr.
Dayrem at Hammam R'ihra, and the 400 or 500 specimens captured by ourselves,
Faroult, and Dr. Nissen also at Hammam R'ihra. I have given or exchanged
6 with Mr. Dziurzynski, 6 with Mr. Burgeff, 2 with the British Museum, 4 with
Mr. Joicey, and 2 with Mr. Oberthiir. Dr. Nissen may have sent some to Count
Turati, but beyond this none have been distributed.

300 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1916, W. R., E. H., K. J., and Faroult.

We captured the bulk of the 430 specimens taken by us, when sitting on the
open flowers of Cistus, and on a species of Lavendula, round about and in the
pine wood near " La petite Suisse," and mostly on the pink flowers of Cistvs
albidus. The British Museum has 2 from this series. To show that I did not
change my opinion as to the specific distinctness of Z. theryi without good
reason, the material of lavandiilae I compared with the 300 picked specimens
of theryi consists of 110 specimens from the Riviera and the neighbourhood of
Marseille.

[FBOCBIS.

Dr. Jordan has divided Procrw into three sections : I. antennae pointed, the
last joint only without a free tooth ; II. antennae blunt or less pointed, at least
three joints besides the end one without free teeth ; III. antennae ending in
a knob.

There appear to be at least four if not five species in Mauretania of which
the largest and smallest belong to the first group, and their nomenclature is com-
paratively easy. But one at least of the others is very perplexing.]

40. Procris globulariae notata (Zell.).

Atychia notata Zeller, Isis, vol. xl. col. 294. No. 64 (2) (1847) (Syracuse, Sicily).

Mr. Charles Oberthiir has mixed up cognata and notata ; the former is, so far as
we know at present, not found in North Africa, and has quite distinct genitaUa.
However, there are several more Procris as yet unrecorded from Mauretania, and
I believe some further discoveries are still to be made.

Mr. Oberthiir has confused cognata and notata because he, as he has stated,
has ignored descriptions without figures. As Mr. Oberthiir rightlj' sajs, Boisdu-
val's name ccgnata of 1840 is a nomen nudum, but Mr. Oberthiir docs not even
allude to ZeUer's notata of 1847 and Herrich-Schaeffer's cognata of 1856. Zeller's
notata has priority over Rambur's soror of 1858, while the latter's cognaia cannot
stand as Herrich-Schaeffer gave that name two years previously to a different
species. We have taken this insect in numbers at light at Khenchela, but I have
otherw ise a very poor Mauretanian series ; moreover, so far as I can make out,
there is only 1 Mauretanian 5 in the Tring Museum. .

344 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917.

2 Moroccan Frontier, May 1914, Faroult.
1 Lalla Marnia, April 1914, Faroult.

1 Guelt-es-Stel, May 1913, Faroult.

90 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.
5 Lambessa (4 <J<J, 1 ?), M. Bartels.

2 Hammam Meskoutine, April — May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

The LaUa Marnia specimen is small and very blue.

Mr. Oberfchiir considers that there are two races of cognate in Algeria : a larger,
duller, more transparent form from Sebdou, Lambessa, and Ain Draham, and a
smaller, brighter, and more densely scaled form from Aflou.

My series, apart from Khenchela examples, is too small to enable me to judge
on this question, but I can clearly perceive, from the Khenchela series, that Mr.
Oberthiir is quite right when he says that the length of the pectinations of the
antennae is not a constant and therefore not a vaUd character. The Guelt-es-
Stel (J is a dwarf (length of forewing, 14 mm. ; expanse, 31 mm. ; ordinary (J<J,
length of forewing, 19 mm. ; expanse, 42 mm.).

The Tring series comprises 101 Mauretanian specimens.

41. Procris cirtana cirtana Lucas.

Procris cirtana Lucas, Explor. iScient. d'Alg., Anim. Arctic, vol. iii. p. 373. No. 76. pi. 3. f. 2 (1849)
(Constantine, Koudiah-Ati).

We ourselves have taken this tiny species at Hammam R'ihra, Khenchela,
Hammam Meskoutine, and Tlemcen. The blue form is ab. bakeri Kirby = orana
B. Baker nee Aust. Mr. Oberthiir informs us that he possesses the type-specimen
of Procris orana Aust., and that he has convinced himself that it is identical with
cirtaiia. If this is really the case, the foUo-ning species must receive a new name,
for it is certainly not cirtana Lucas. Until, however, we can compare itniorpho-
logicall}' \\ith the ? type of Austaut, I prefer to retain the name of Austaut for
the smaller form of what Oberthiir calls tenuicornis. The Tring series comprises
77 specimens.

1 1 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.
5 Tlemcen, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
4 Environs d'Alger, Captain HoU.

3 Bhda les Glacieres, June 1909, Captain HoU.

27 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1911, W R,, E. H., and K. J.
25 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

1 Ain Draham, June 1909, Faroult.

42. Procris orana orana (Aust.).

Ino orana Austaut, Le Natural, vol. ii. p. 284 (1880) (Oran).

The type of orana Aust. was collected at Oran in April by Dr. Codet, and is
in Mr. Charles Oberthur's collection. The latter, as stated before, declares it to
be identical with cirtana, in which case the present insect requires a new name ;
the figure given by Mr. Obertliiir is, however, very different from cirtana Luc,
and wthout a close morphological comparison with a ? of the present species I

N0VITATE3 200L0ai0A3E XXIV. 1917. 346

prefer to give it the benefit of the doubt and apply the name to the western form
of the insect Mr. Oberthiir calls tenuicornia.

4 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll. and Staudinger.

5 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

43. Procris orana algirica subsp. nov.

Procris orana var. algirica, Staudinger in litt.

Differs from orana orana in being larger and deeper and richer in colour.

Habitat. Province of Constantine.

Two Batna <J<J stand out conspicuously from the rest by the strong, glittering
metallic sheen of their forewings resembUng that of the thorax of Procris cMoris.
On dissection these will probably prove to be a new species, but at present I can
only place them here. The Tring series numbers 152.

9 Khenchela, May-June 1911-1912, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.
22 Djebel Cheha, June 1911, Faroult.
33 Djebel Marcouna, June 1911, Faroult.
86 Environs de Batna, 1913-1914, A. Nelva.

2 Mauretania, Staudinger.

There are specimens showing blue as well as green and golden green suffusion.

44. Procris bellieri prasina subsp. nov.

Differs from bellieri by the total absence of blue, this colour being replaced by
brilliant brassy green, and by its large size. Length of forewing, 16mm. Expanse,
35'5 mm.

Habitat. Ain Draham, Tunisia.

The antennae are very long and thick, and very blunt owing to the great
extent of fusion of the anterior joints,

2 Ain Draham, June 1909, Faroult.

In addition to these I have 1 (J and 2 ?? from Khenchela and 1 ? from Ain
Draham of a Procris I am at present unable to identify.

AUATIDAZ:.

45. Dysauxes punctata servula (Berce).

Noclia aervula Berce, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, ser. 4. vol. ii. p. 386 (1862) (Hyfires).

This race of punctata is so distinct that Mr. Oberthiir considers it specifically
so, and possibly it may be ; but as true punctata has not been taken with it, I
prefer for the present to consider it only subspecifically distinct. It appears to
be very rare, and we only came across it once at Hammam Meskoutine.

1 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

1 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

346 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 191 7.

HETEBOGYinDAE.

46. Heterogynis affinis Rambur.

Heterogynia affinis Rambur, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. v. p. 586 (1836) (S. Spain).
Heterogynis canaUnsis Chapman, Trans. ErOom. Soc. Land. 1904. p. 71 (Canales de la Sierra).

It is most difficult from imagines to identify any of the three species of
Heterogynis, but I have bred series of true penella from the Riviera, Digne, etc.,
and I found a large number of larvae and pupae (cocoons) at Hanimam R'ihra, and
therefore as tlie latter agree with Dr. Chapman's cocoons of canalensis I have come
to the conclusion that the Algerian Heterogynis is affinis and not penella, as Mr.
OberthilrbeUeves. I did not succeed in breeding many Hammam R'ihra imagines,
as most of the cocoons were destroyed bj^ an accident. The Tring series number
103.

98 (J<J Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.
5 (J<J Hammam R'ilira, May 1908-191 1, W. R., K. J., and E. H.

2 o(J cocoons.

LZmACODIDAE.

47. Cochlidion codeti (Oberth.).

Limacodes codeti Oberthiir, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1883. p. 48 (Sebdou).

We have never found this ourselves, and I have received it from Guelt-es-
Stel, Masser Mines, and Oued Hamidou.

1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

23 Guelt-es-Stel, May— October 1913, Faroult.

2 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

[Cerura interrapta and bifida.

Mr. Oberthiir records both interrupla and bifida from Algeria. This I
believe to be an error ; for. owing to various species extending over countries
from Algeria to Wladivostock having the antemedian broad band occasionally
interrupted, it has been the custom on the continent to lump a number of species
together as interrupta.

The history of interrupta is as follows : H. Christoph in the Stettiner
Entomologische Zeitung for 1867, p. 233, describes a new Cerura from Sarepta as
Harpya interrupta sp. n. and gives the following diagnosis : " Alis anticis cre-
taceis basi margineque postica nigropunctatis, fascia ( <?) in medio late inter-
rupta, (?) utrinque sinuata nigra — posticis albidis. Exp. al 47 mm. Long.
Corp. 20 mm."

C'hristoph in the detailed description lays great stress on the chalk-white
ground-colour, large size, robust build, and much broader wings as compared
with Centra bifida. He also points out that his ij only has the band broken into
two spots, while the ? has a complete band though constricted in the centre.
After this, in lH82in the Horae Societafis Entontologime Rossime, S. Alph^raty
described a Harpya petri, p. 37. t. 1. fig. 36, which is much greyer and has a
complete band. Dr. K. Griinberg in 8eitz, Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, cites
this as a dimorphic form of interrupta, and declares that the latter occurs in
Sarepta, Caucasus, the whole of Asia Minor, Persia, Kurdistan, Syria, and Tunis.

KOVITATEB ZoOLOOiOiE XXIV. 1917. 347

I, of course, cannot tell what material Dr. Griinberg had before him at the time
he wrote, but I have at present in the Tring series 48 specimens said to be
wfm-upto from the following localities: lU district ; Repetek, Turcomania ;
Maralbashi ; Aksu ; Yuldus ; Urumtschi ; Sarepta ; Askabad (Aschabad) ;
Naryn, Gultsha, Osch, Irsyn, Sajan ; Laycd ; Pompejefka, Little Chingan
Mountains ; Chabarovsk, Ussuri Railway ; Beirut, Syria ; also Batna, Khen-
chela, and Bou Saada in Algeria. These fall at first sight into six distinct
groups: true interrupki from Sarepta, Askabad, and Naryn; petri from Aksu,
Yuldus, Maralbashi, and Repetek ; a new form from Irsyn, Layed, Pompejefka,
and Chabarovsk ; syra Gr.-Grsh. from Beirut ; a new form from Ih ; and last,
but not least, the Algerian fonn, of which there are eighteen examples. C. syra
Gr.-Grsh. is described Annuaire Mus. Petersb. vol. iv. p. 471. No. 18 (1899)
(Syria), and two other species or forms have been described of this group, viz.
htdoviciae Piingl., Iris, vol. xiv. p. 180. No. 58. pi. ii. f. 15 (1901) (Chinese
Turkestan) ; and intercalaris Gr.-Grsh,. Ammaire 31 us. Petersb. vol. iv. p. 470.
No. 17 (1899) (Thien-Tsing, China). C. syra is characterised by its pale pink
forewings and strongly reduced dark markings of the forewings, while Ivdoviciae
has yellowish white forewings, and the dark marks have no trace of orange
margins, which are distinctly present in syra. C. intercalaris resembles petri, but
has not got the very strongly pectinated antennae of that form and has strongly
marked orange edges to the band.

All these forms, syra, petri, htdoviciae, the two new forms, and intercalaris,
do not affect the question of the Mauretanian form, except the latter in respect
to the yellow and orange edges of the band.

The Mauretanian Cerura as represented by my 18 specimens vary very
much : there are some with broken bands, some with even unbroken bands,
and others with bands more or less constricted in the middle ; further, there
are specimens with and without the orange-yellow margins to the bands both
as regards specimens with broken or unbroken bands, and there are some with
only a vestige of yellow ; however, in my series there are none with as much
yellow or orange as in certain European individuals of bifida. I have therefore
come to the conclusion, first of all, that there are no interrupta Christ, in Maure-
tania at all ; and secondly, that there is only one species of Cerura so far known
from there. It remains to be seen what that species is.

So far, I think, there can only come into question two species, bifida Huebn.
and intermlaris Gr.-Grsh. The description given by the author, Mr. Griim-
Grshimailo, of the latter is as follows : " Antennae nigrae ; thorax inter scapulos
griseo-pilosus ; caput, prothorax, et alae anticae supra dilute ochraceo-grisei ;
abdomen et alae posticae pallidiores, subalbidae ; fascia transversa anticarum
grisea angusta, intus sinuata extus ferre porrecta, tenuiter dilute-ochraceo
marginata, pictura cetera valde obhterata, vix indicata, puncta centrale et
discoidale nulla. ? — 16 mm."

From this description it will be seen that intercalaris is very different from
the Algerian Cerura, for intercalaris is described as having all the other markings
except the band almost absent, i.e. barely indicated, while the Algerian speci-
mens have aU these markings plainly shown, though they do not stand out so
boldly as in typical bifida, owing to the greyer ground-colour.

Mr. Oberthiir states that the 3 5$ he considered to be bifida out of his
aeries of 7 Algerian Cerura belong to the form named by Boisduval in his Genera

548 iloVlTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXlV. 191?.

et Index Methodicus, 1840, p. 84. No. 655, Dicramira furcula var. uroceru, and
the locality given being Montpellier. As Mr. Oberthiir has l)e Boisduval.s col-
lection, I suppose he had the type of urocera before him, but I cannot sec from
the series before me of bifida from north of the Mediterranean — viz. 63 from
Bexley, Kent ; Crimmitschau ; Strausberg, BerUn ; Germany (Grum-Grshi-
mailo coll.) ; Liebenau, Bohemia ; Poschiavo, Itahan Alps ; Tarasp, Enga-
dine ; Silva Plana, Engadine ; Herculesbad, Hungary ; C'auterets, Pyrenees ;
G^dre, Pyrenees — any specimens like my Algerian series. The specimens of
urocera I have from Tarasp are nearest to the Algerian ones in shade of "ground-
colour," but the bands in these Engadine specimens are much broader, and,
moreover, not a single European specimen shows any sign even of constriction
in the band. I therefore have come to the conclusion that the Algerian Cerura
is a form of bifida with a .strong tendency to the interruption of the band, and
that it is as yet an unnamed form.]

48. Cerura bifida interspersa subsp. nov.

Differs from bifida nrocera Bold, in tlie band being narrower when fully
developed in the ??, usually being strongly constricted in the middle. The
(J (J usually have the band either interrupted at median vein or else reduced to
a narrow line, but one <J from Khenchela and one from Bon Saada have the
band entire, though shghtly concave, both basad and distad.

Habitat. Algeria, Tunisia ?

11 Batna, May — June 1910-1912, A. Nelva and M. Bartel.
3 Khenchela, May— July 1911-1912, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.
5 Bou Saada, March — May 1912, Faroult.
The Tring series totals 19,

49. Dicranura vinula delavoiei Gascb.

Dicranura vinttla var. delavoiei Gaschet, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, »er. 5. vol. vi. p. 522 (1876)
(El-Eamau, Algeria).

Mr. Oberthiir considers this to be a distinct species from vinula, but as it
replaces it geographically and exhibits no very striking diflerences I prefer to
treat it at present as a subspecies only.

We ourselves have only taken it at Khenchela, Timgad, and Oran, in single
examples at each latter place and a pair at Khenchela.

5 Le Kreider, Prov. Oran, April 1916, Rotrou.
2 Magenta, Prov. Oran, April 1916, Rotrou.

1 Oran, April 1913, W. R. and K. J.

6 Environs d' Alger, April 1905-1910, Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.

1 Boghari, May 1913, Faroult.

6 Guelt-es-Stel, May 1913, Faroult.
12 Environs de Batna, 1909-1912, A. Nelva.

2 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.
1 Timgad, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

4 larvae, Khenchela and Hammam R'ihra, Faroult.

4 cocoons, 7 pupae, and a batch of eggs, Khenchela, Faroult.

The series at Tring numbers 36.

KOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 349

50. Hybocampa powelli Oberth.

Hylocampa powelli Oberthur, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1912. p. 339 (Lambesaa).

Thi.s .species is not represented at Tring. Besides the two specimens in
Mr. Obertliiir's collection, I have seen one in the late Captain HoU's collection,
and I saw one in 1914 in the possession of Mr. A. Nelva at Batna, but could not
persuade him to part with it as he thought it was a new species.

51. Pterostoma palpina (Linn.).

Phalaena palpina Linnaeus, Fauna Suec. edit. Alt. (1701).

1 have never seen a Mauretanian example of this insect.

52. Phalera bucephala bucephalina Stdgr.

Phalera bucephala var. bucephalina Staudinger, Cat. Lipid. Palaear. Fauneng. part i. p. 111. Hu.
858 b. (1901) (Tangier).

We have never taken this insect ourselves.

2 Tangier, Staudinger.

1 Ain Draham, Faroult (autumn 1911).

53. Ichthyura pigra powelli (Oberth.).
Pygaera powelli Oberthiir.

We never found this insect ourselves.

2 Batna, September 1912, A. Nelva.

54. Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.).

Phalaena pityocampa SchiffermuUer, Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wien, p. 58 (1776) (Vienna).

We have seen many nests and larvae of this species, but never took any
imagines, as we have not been in Algeria so late in the year.

16 Guelt-es-Stel, August— September 1912-1913, Faroult.

1 Sidi Ferruch, A. Thery.
21 Sakamudi, August 1912, Faroult.

4 Batna, 1911-1912, A. Nelva.

The 4 Batna examples are only about two-thirds the size of the others.
Tring possesses altogether 42 Algerian examples.

55. Thaumetopoea herculeana (Ramb.).

Cnethocampa herculeana Rambur, Faune Andal. pi. 14. ff. 5, G (1839) (Cadiz) ; Cat. Syst. Lipid.
Andal. pp. 384, 385 (1866).

The same remarks apply to this species. In 1914 (Novit. Zool. vol. xxi.
p. 313) I called the Algerian form of herculeana subspecies colossa Bang-Haas, but
on carefully going into the question I find that equally large specimens occur
all over the range of this species, so if retained at all Bang-Haas's name can only
stand as ab. colossa.

228 Guelt-es-Stel, September— October 1912-1913, Faroult.
2 Mazagan, Morocco, October 1902, W. Riggenbach.
2 Rabat, Morocco, 1913, A. Thery.

350 JJOV1TATE8 ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

LIFABIDAE.

This famil}' lias been renamed Iiymantriidae, because it has been stated
that Ochsenheimer's genus Liparis could not stand because it was preoccupied
by Liparis Artedi, a genus of fishes. This extraordinary assertion is due to the
fact that, before the issue of the Rules of Nomenclature by the International
Commission, while zoologists in general adopted 1758, the date of the tenth
edition of Linnaeus's Systema Naturae, as the nomenclatorial starting-point, the
ichthyologists, while also adopting 1758, admitted names given by certain pre-
Linnaean authors as valid. Now, however, the International Commission has
fixed the date 1758 as the vahd starting-point for all and every branch of
zoology.

The genus of fishes Liparis was bestowed by Artedi in 1738, while Liparis
Ocbsenheimer dates from 1810, therefore Liparis Ochs. is not ante-dated by
Liparis Art., as the latter is before 1758 and so is nomenclatorially non-existent.
The t3'pe of Liparis Ochs. as restricted by Gennar 1811 is rnonacha Linn., while
the type of Lynmntria Hiibn. is also rnonacha Linn., while dispar Linn, is the
type of Portheiria. As Liparis is the older genus and moreover the whole group
v.as included in it by its author, the family must stand as Liparidae and not
Iiymantriidae. The type of Orgyia Ochs. as restricted by Germar is one of the
species usually included under Dasychira Steph. 1829. Ocbsenheimer himself
points out that his last 2 species antiqua and gonostigma are atypical, and
Germar founded the new genus Notolophus for them, which leaves Orgyia as
the older name of Dasychira.

Notolophus dubia, N. splendida, and N. josephina.

Dr. E. Straud in Seitz, Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, has united these three
forms together with six other forms and two aberrations under the specific
entity dubia Tausch., and makes it range from Spain through Morocco, Algeria,
Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Armenia, Russia, Siberia, Transcaspia, Turkestan, and
Thian Shan, to Transbaicaha. In the Etudes de Lepidopterologie Coriiparie, Messrs.
Oberthiir and Harold Powell discuss these forms in .so far as they affect the
Mauretanian fauna at great length. They start by separating josephina at once
as a quite distinct species, and then proceed to discuss the bearings of rfi;6i« and
splendida. They arrive at the. to me, extraordinary conclusion that all Spanish
examples are referable to splemlida, while the Algerian examples, other than
josephina, are all referable to dubia.

Now, dubia Tausch. was described in the Memoires de la Societe Imperiale de
Moscow, vol. i. 1806, and came from Moscow.

Notolophus splendida was figured by Rambur in his Faujie Entomologique de
r Andalottsie, 1842, Lepidopteres, plate 1, 5. ff. 3-6 and d, giving figures of 2 <?(?
and <J underside, I $, and a larva. In my copy of the work, which was never
finished, the text of the Lepidopteres is numbered 213 to 336 and ends up with
Sesia rhingiaeformis, so that there is no description. In his Catalogue Systematique
des Lepidopteres de VAndalousie Rambur refigures Notoloj)hus splerulida, plate ii.
£E. 4, a, b, c, and describes it at length pp. 284-289, where he gives a comparative
table of differences between it and dubia, laying special stress on the morpho-
logical differences.

NoVlTA*ES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 351

I have, taking the forms together, 1 35 (J ij and 6 $ $, from the following localities :
Andalusia ; Oran ; Alger ; Bhda les Glacieres ; Guelt-es-Stel ; El Mesrane ; Batna ;
JIauretania ! ! ; Pontus ; Sarepta ; Larnaca, Cyprus ; and Hi District, Turkestan.
On comparing these, one thing is at once clear : you must either lump them all as
races of one very variable species or else divide them into three species — two each
with several races and one {josephina) confined to the Mauretanian httoral and tell.
I consider, from the material at my disposal, that the question is not yet by any
means solved, though I consider all the facts point to there being three species ; but
I do not at all agree with Messrs. Oberthiir and Powell when they say that
splemlida is a Spanish species, while Algerian (i.e. Mauretanian) specimens all
belong to duhia. If this were the case, it would, on the contrary, go strongly to
prove them all to be races of a single species. I have, however, true splendida
from Algeria, Spain, and South Russia, and I have dubia from Algeria and
South Russia, so I feel certain in my own mind that splendida and dubia are two
distinct species. The case of josephina is somewhat different : first of all, the
name algirica Lucas will have to stand for it instead of josephina, as the latter
was given thirty-one years later ; then, if this insect were confined entirely to the
httoral, I should say it was only a very distinct race of dubia, but it is found at
Hammam R'ihra also, while we find splemlida also quite close at Bhda, therefore
I think it as well to keep it as a species, although a true duhia form has not j'et
come to fight from Blida and neighbourhood.

Notes on Rambur's " Faune Entomologique de I'Andalousie."

I need not apologise to my readers for including a bibUographical notice here,
because this work is httle known, and yet of immense importance in working out
Mauretanian lepidoptera. Mr. Oberthiir says that he beUevcs that copies of this
work containing all the text and all the plates that were pubhshed (for the work
was never completed) are at the present time unobtainable. He acknowledges
that his own is incomplete, though it was Rambur's presentation copy to Mr. A.
de Grashn. He gives the following collation of his copy :

Text. Plates.

Coleoplera, 144 pages. Coleoplera, 4 (Nos. 1, 2, 19, 20).

Orthoptera, 96 pages. Orthoplera, 6 (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7).

Lepidoptera, pages 213-272 inclusive. Neuroptera. 1 (No. 9).

Lepidoptera, 7 (Nos. 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18).

Hagen in his Bibliotheca Entomologica, vol. ii. p. 59 (1863) gives the year of
publication as 1842, and the number of parts issued as 4, and the collation as
follows :

Text. Plates.

Coleoplera, 144 pages. Coleoplera, 4.

Dermaplera^ Neuroptera, 1.

Orthoptera UlQ pages. Lepidoptera, 8.

Hemiplera J Dermaplera-,

Orthoptera 1 7.
, Hemiplera I

352 NoviTATEa ZooLooicAE XXIV. 1917.

Our Tring Museum copy collates as follows :

Text. Plates.

Coleoptera, page3 1-144. Coleoptera, pla. 1, 2, 19, 20.

Oermaptera. Dennaptera^ ^

Urtnoptera > pages 1-212. Urthoplera )

Hemiptera ' Neuroptera, pi. 9.

Lepidoptera, pages 213-336. Lepidoptera, Pis. 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18.

So that our copy has 116 pages more of Orthoptera. etc., than Mr. Oberthiir's and
64 pages of Lepidoptera, while it has pis. 5 of Orthoptera and 17 of Lepidoptera
which are wanting in his copy.

Hagen states that the text of the Lepidoptera was never published, and only
that of the Hesperiidae ever printed (fide Lederer) ; but m_y 123 pp. of text
begin with 26 pages of general history and 96 pages of systematic work, com-
mencing with Papilio podaliriws and ending with Sesia rhingiaeformis.

In 1872 Mr. P. Mabille published in the Aniudes de la Societe Entornologique
de France a complete bibliography of all the publications of Rambur ; and from
this it would appear that our Tring copy is complete. There is also a complete
copy in the Natural History Museum {British Museum). The copy in the British
Museum (Bloomsbury) is very incomplete ; it has half the Dermaptera-Orthoptera-
Hemiptera section missing and also the whole of the Lepidoptera. The Zoo-
logical Society of London's copy is also incomplete, pp. 1 77-212 of the Dermaptera-
Orthoptera- Hemiptera and pp. 213-336 of the Lepidoptera being wanting.

56. Notolophus algirica (Lucas).

Triehosoma algiricum Lucas, Explor. Scient. Alg. Zool. vol. iii. p. 376. No. 82. pi. 3. f. 6. (1849)

(Environs d'Alger).
Orgyia josephina Austaut, Le Naturaliste, vol. ii. p. 212 (1880) (Oran).

It has been the custom to look upon Lucas's insect as unrecognisable, and
to ignore it ; though Dr. Straud in Seitz puts it down as a form of dnbia
and actually ventured to give an aberrational name to the description of an
aberration given by Lucas. Although the drawing in the Exploration is very
bad and evidently taken from a faded or rubbed specimen or more likely still
from a starved abortive individual, the description and figure together leave no
doubt in my mind that the insect described by Lucas is the same as that de-
scribed by Austaut. However, the description shows that the type of josephina
had much more reduced pale marking of the forewings than the type of algiricum,
and this is confirmed by ezamination of the actual type now at Tring ; but, not
being quite so devoid of marking as the described aberration of Lucas, I think
we may say that the coastal form of the dubia group in Algeria must stand as
follows : Notolophus algirica (Lucas) cum ab. josephina Aust. et ab. ohliterella
Straud. I quite agree that for the present we cannot do otherwise than treat
Notolophus algirica (Lucas) as a distinct species, as Mr. Oberthiir has done.

The Tring series numbers 13 <J(J and 5 ??.

2 (J<J, 1 9 Oran, March— April 1880-1913 (type Austaut o' and 1 ? ; 1 <J
W. R. and E. H.)

4 (J(j, 4 ?? Environs d'Alger, Captain HoU.

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. , 353

2 (J (J Hammam R'ihra ex larva (larva April), 1912, W. R. and K. J.
5 Mauretania (1 ex Grum-Grshimailo coll.).

The British Museum has 11 examples: 5 Mogador ; 5 Algeria, Leech coll. ;
1 Esynir, Morocco, 1889, Commander Walker.

57. Notolophus dubia umbripennis Strand.

Orgyia dubia ab. umbripennis Strand in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde, vol. ii. p. 119. pi. 19 c. (1910) (Batna).

It is most unfortunate that here again an aberration and not the typical
race from the Province of Constantino of dubia has received a name just as in
the case of the inland Algerian race of Evchloe ausonia. The ab. nmbrijjennie
has the same relation to the typical form of dvbia from Prov. Constantino as
ab. seleniaca F. de W. has to typical dubia.

Typical Algerian dubia differ from dubia dubia as follows : the cream-coloured
area of forewing much more extended, owing to the dark bands being narrower
and the cream-white much purer, not clouded with grey.

Habitat. Province of Constantine, except littoral ; type locality, Batna.

As 1 have explained before, Messrs. Oberthiir and Powell are in error in
considering that of the three species of the dubia group only dtibia and algirica
ijosephitia) occur in Mauretania, and the origin of this error is because they
failed to realise that the form isolatella Straud and one or two others were
forms of splendida and not of dubia. Tring Museum has 92 <J(J.

1 (J Guelt-es-Stel, September 1912, Faroult.
1 ,J, 2 $ cocoons El Mesrane, June 1913, Faroult.
90 (?,J Environs de Batna, 1911-1912, A. Nelva.

The specimen from Guelt-es-Stel is very small and has the dark markings
and bands of the forewings very narrow.

58. Notolophus dubia deserticola Powell.

Orgyia dubia deseticola Powell in Oberthiir, Etud. Lepidop, Comp. Fasc. XII. pp. 265, 266 (1916)
(Kebala).

The type <J and some ?? in Mr. Oberthiir's collection are all the specimens
that have been recorded.

59. Notolophus splendida isolatella Strand.
Orgyia dubia forma isolatella Strand in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde, vol. ii. p. 119. pi. 19c. (1910) (Batna).

The general type of splendida from the Provinces of Constantine and Alger
have the black transverse bands and outer portion of the forewing narrower
than in the figure of isolatella in Seitz, but I have one labelled " Mauretania "
ex Grum-Grshimailo coll. and three bred specimens from Bhda les Glaciercs which
agree perfectly wth this figure. The two from the Ujebel Ichah are exactly
similar to two ^3 I have from the Black Sea littoral ex coll. Grum-Grshimailo
and \\hich were labelled var. turcica by him, but they are much brighter orange-

354

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

yellow in ground-colour than Asia Minor and Persian turcica Led. All the Bhda
Notolophiis oi this group I liave seen belong to splendida, both my three and those
collected by Captain Holl and Dr. Nissen. I collected a large number of cocoons
in 1908 at Blida les Glaci^rcs, but they all emerged on our journey home and
spoiled themselves except the three enumerated below.

1 <J, 1 9 " Mauretania," Grum-Gshimailo coll.

3 3S Bhda les Glacieres, W. R. and K. J. (ex larva, larvae June 1908).

2 Environs de Batna, Djebel Ichali, May 1912, Nelva.

60. Notolophus splendida orana PoweU.

Orgyia dubia orana Powell in Obeithiir, Etud. Lipid. Corny. Fasc. XII. pp. 264, 265 (1916) (Djebel
Amour, Sebdou).

There are no specimens of this form at Tring.

61. Notolophus panlacroixii Oberth.

Orgyia -panlacroixii Oberthiir, Elud. ErUom. liv. i. p. 41. pi. iii. f. 5 (1876) (Tuelagh).

On page 273 Mr. Oberthiir states that no entomologist had remarked about
the discrepancy between the figure of this insect and the description (due to
grease), and draws the conclusion, to fit his theory as to name-vaUdity and figures,
that no one reads descriptions when a figure exists. This is a most unjust
deduction to make in this instance, as I will endeavour to explain.

The type of N. panlacroixii collected by Mr. Gaston Allard has remained
unique to the present day, in spite of the extensive collecting in Algeria during
the forty-one years since its capture. This being the case, it is evident that no
entomologist was lUiely to spend much time over either plate or description as
soon as he found that any specimens he had were not panlacroixii.

I, however, wish to point out one fact connected with this group of Notolophus.
When comparing my series with those in the British Museum, I examined a long
series of Notolophus leechi Kirby {prisca Leech nee Staudinger) from West China
which had been in the Leech collection and included Kirby's type. I found in
these that the two transverse lines on the disc of the forcwing, which resemble
those of panlacroixii in some specimens by being joined at the inner margin, are
very variable. In some they are wide apart, as in auceps, at the inner margin,
while in others they gradually converge till they become joined on the inner
margin ; between these extremes there is a complete intergradation. This
being the case with leechi, it is in my opinion quite conceivable that panlacroixii
is only an aberrant specimen of the local race of trigotephras, though a long
series with intergradations would be required to prove it. 1 therefore must for
the present treat this insect as a distinct species.

62. Notolophus trigotephras anceps Oberth.

Orgyia anceps Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. liv. ix. p. 37. pi. iii. f. 5 (1884) (Tangier).

This race appears confined to Tangier, and the Tring Museum has no speci-
mens.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 355

63. Notolophus trigotephras transiens Stdgr.

Orgyia trigotephras var. transims Staudinger in Cat. Lipid. Palamrc. Staud. and Rebel, p. 114.
No. 888 b. (1901) (Mauretania).

This is the most widely spread of the Mauretanian forms of trigotephras,
being found in the Provinces of Alger and Constantino and also in Tunisia.
1 c? Hussein Dey, June 1908, Captain Holl.
5 c?(J Bhda les Glacieres, July 1908, Captain Holl.

1 cJ Tala Rana, July 1910, Dr. Nissen.
3 ,J<J Batna, Nelva.

2 (J Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

3 (J(J Hammam Meskoutine, W. R. and K. J. (ex larva, larvae May 1914,
emerged at Tring).

13 (J (J Ain Draham, July 1911, Faroult.
The Tring Museum series comprises 28 <?<?.

63a. Notolophus trigotephras hoUi Oberth.

Orgyia trigotephras holli Oberthiir, Etud. Lipid. Gomp. Faac. XII. p. 276 (description), p. 278 (name
in explanation of figures) (1916) (El Biar).

This form has also been taken at Hussein Dey.

04. Notolophus trigotephras sebdouensis Oberth.

Orgyia trigotephras sebdouensis Oberthiir, Elud. Lipidop. Comp. Fasc. XII. p. 276 (description),
p. 278 (explanation of plate) (191G) (Sebdou).

This is the largest of the Mauretanian races of trigotephras. It i.s nearest
to i. auceps in respect to its ground-colour, but differs much by the white supra-
tornal white patch being almost or quite absent and in the discal transverse
hnes being more prominent. Mr. Oberthiir states that this insect is somewhat
smaller than N. panlacroixii, but the drawing of that insect shows forewing
16 mm. in length and expanse 3.5 mm., and my specimen of t. sebdouensis from
the Grum-Grshimailo collection shows exactly identical measurements.

1 5, 1 $ Sebdou, June 1886, Austaut.

1 (J Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll.

[Arctornis chrysorrhoea (Linn.) and Nygmia phaeorrhoea Don.

It has hitherto been accepted that our famiUar " Goldtail Moth " should
be called Porthesia similis Fuessly (Verz. hekannt. Schwerz. Ins. p. 35. No. 662
(1775)), because this ante-dated Tabricius's name auriflua [Mant. Ins. 125 (1787)) ;
moreover, this name auriflua was itself ante-dated by Esper's auriflua (Schmett.
vol. iii. p. 207. pi. 39. f. 6 (1785)), applied to a different insect.

Mr. Oberthiir draws attention {Etud. Lepidop. Comp. Fasc. XII. p. 281 (1916))
to the fact that Linnaeus's description of his Phalaenia chrysorrhoea says "ab-
dominis apice barbato luteo," and that this applies to the " Goldtail " and
not to the " Brown tail Moth," to which this name has been applied practically
universally for the last hundred years.

But true to his obsession as to figures alone giving validity to a name, he
refuses to discuss the question, and calmly adopts the name Euproctis chry-
sorrhoea Hiibn., which is undoubtedly the Browntail, and treats Linnaeus's name

356 NOVITATES ZoOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917

as a nomen nudum. However, I have carefully gone into this question ; the
first and therefore the proper quotation of Phalaena ckrysorrhoca Linn, is not,
as Mr. Oberthiir gives it, " Syst. Nat. edit. x. reform (Joannis Joachinius
Langius), vol. i. p. 502. No. 28 (1760)," but "Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. p. 502.
No. 28 (1758)." Now, Linnaeus gives as his first quotation Baj. ins. 156.
No. 1. 15, which means Joannis Raius, Historia Insectorum, p. 156. P.M. 15.
No. 1 (1710), where the perfect insect is described as follows: "Phalaena
media, alls niveis, cauda obtusa lanugine densa pulva obsita." This descrip-
tion might fit either of our two insects, but Raius adds a very long and
most careful description of the larva, which is too extensive to quote verbatim,
but the first sentence is decisive, " Lineae tres e coccineis sen rubris macuUs
compositac, una hinc inde in lateribus supra pedes, tertia in medio dorso, k
capite a caudam producuntur." The statement that the larva has three
scarlet lines, one situated above the feet on each side of the body, whereas the
"Browntail's" larva has no lateral red lines, clearly proves Raius to have
described the " GoldtailMoth '' and not the " Browntail Moth," so Linnaeus's
name chrysorrhoea must be restricted to the " Goldtail."

The proper name for the " Browntail Moth," therefore, must now engage
our attention. It had long been pointed out that as Esper had used the name
auriflua in 1785 for the " Browntail," Fabricius' name auriflua (Mant. Ins. vol.
ii. p. 125. No. 145 (1785)) could not be employed for the "Goldtail Moth," and
that Fuessly's name similis {Verz. d. i bekannt. Schnett. p. 35. No. 662 (1775))
must be used for that species. Now, however, I think I have proved that the
" Goldtail Moth " must stand as Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Linn.), and at first
sight it would appear that Esper's name of auriflua {Schmett. vol. iii. p. 207.
pi. 39. f. 6 (1785)) must be applied to the " Browntail Moth," but, unfortunately,
the name auriflua was applied to the "Goldtail Moth" in 1776 by Schifier-
miiller and Denis {Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wien, p. 52. No. 4). The only other name
clearly applicable to the " Bro\ratail Moth " is Phalaena phaeorrhoea Donovan
[Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins. vol. xvi. p. 39. pi. 555 (1813)). Therefore the "Browntail
Moth " must stand as Nygmia phaeorrhoea phaeorrhoea (Don.).

The fact that we have proved that the name chrysorrhoea Linn, belongs to
the " Goldtail Moth " carries with it some generic changes as well as specific.
We see that auriflua Schiff. and Den. applies to the " Goldtail," but the type
of the genus Euproctis Hiibner is given by him as auriflua Schiff., and I found
on reference to Hubner's own copy of Schiffermiiller and Denis's Systematisches
Verzeichniss der Schmettenlinge der Wiener Gegend evidence to prove this. This
name Euproctis (Hiibner, Verzeichnis bekannten Schmetterlinge, p. 159. Coitus 2
(1827)), and which ante-dates Porthesia (Stephens, Illustrations of British In.secis,
HousteUata, vol. ii. p. 65 (1828), is unfortunately also antedated by Germar's
name Arctornis {Syst. Gloss. Prod. sist. Bomb. 1811, p. 18), which therefore must
be used for the " Goldtail " chrysorrhoea Linn., so that we have to seek the oldest
generic name for the " Browntail." This would appear to be Artaxa (Walker,
List of the Specimens of Lepidopierous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum, p. 794, genus 7 (1855)), but Hiibners name Nygmia is 23 years older.
\_ I may here add that not only does Rajus's description of the larva prove Linnaeus
to have designated the "Goldtail Moth" and not the " Browntail" by the
name chrysorrhoea, but Linnaeus's own mention of the larva, " Larva nodosa,
pilosa, nigra, rnbro Uneata," curs«ry as it is, also })rovcs this to be the case]

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 357

65. Nygmia phaeorrhoea xanthorroea (Oberth).

Luproctis chrysorrhoea forma xanthorroea Obertliiir, Etud. Lepidop. Comp. Faac. XII. p. 282 (1916)
(Algeria, Tunisia).

We have never taken this insect ourselves, as it appears later in the year
than we staj-ed in Algeria. The Tring series of 16 is very small.

1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

2 Blida les Glacieres, July 1906, Captain Holl.
13 Ain Draham, July^ 1911, Faroult.

The British Sluseum has 3 specimens, Meade-Waldo coll. In his article
Mr. Meade- Waldo gives Tangier.

66. Liparis atlantica (Ramb.).

Liparis atlantica Rambur, Faune EtUom. And-al. pi. 15. f. 7 (1842) (Andalusia).

Psilura atlantica. Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lepidop. Andal. pp. 277-278 (1858) (Andalusia (J, Algeria $).

Wc have taken this insect in several places during our travels in Algeria,
but it was at Hammam Meskoutine alone that we found it was very abundant.
The Guelt-es-Stel scries for the greater part are very small. The variation is
individually very great.

1 Mcgador, Morocco, Staudinger.

1 Oued Raham, near Mazagan, April — May 1903, W. Riggenbach.

1 Moroccan Frontier, May 1914, Faroult.

1 Nedroma, May 1914, Faroult.

2 Colomb Bechar, March — April 1912, Faroult.
6 Ain Scfra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

22 Sidi Ferruch, A. Thery.

13 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., K. J., and Dr. Nissen.
11 Sakamudi, August 1912, Faroult.
6 El Hamel, May 1912, Faroult.

1 El Messrane, June 1913, Faroult.

251 Guelt-es-Stel, May— October 1913, Faroult.
100 Bou Saada, April— May 1911-1912, Faroult.

2 Djebel Kendada, May 1912, Faroult.

2 Biskra, March— April 1908-1909, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.'
2 El Kantara, April— May 1909-1911, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.
2 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

1 Constantine, Staudinger.

71 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 Ain Draham, August 1910, Faroult.

The Tring Museum totals 498 examples.

The British Museum has 2 examples labelled Tunis, Staudinger.

67. Liparis mus Oberthiir.

Lynxanlria mus Oberthiir, Etud. Lepidop. Comp. Fasc. XI. (Planches), Explan. Pis. p. 22. pi. cccxxx.
No. 4723 (1916) (El Outaya).

I have no lAjmris which agrees exactly with Mr. Oberthiir's figure, though
some Guelt-es-Stel specimens approach it closely ; I therefore, for the present,
24

358 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

keep it separate, but personally I believe it is only a starved specimen of
L. atlantica.

68. Liparis oberthuri Lucas.

LymarUria oberthuri Lucas, Ann. Soc. Enlom. France, vol. Ixxv. p. 26. pi. 3. ff. 6, 7 (1906) (Nefta,
Tunisia).

We have taken 2 oo of this pretty httle species ourselves ; it appears to
be very rare.

1 Bordj :\rgeitla. near El Oucd, April 1909, W. R. and E, H.
1 Oucd Saadana, May 1912, E. H. and V. H.

69. Porthetria dispar (Linn.).

Phalaena dispar Linnaeus, Syst. Xat. vol. i. p. 501. No. 27 (1758) (?).

This insect appears later in the year than we have been in Algeria. It is
exceedingly common, but I have a very poor Mauretanian series.

11 Tala Rana, July 1908, Dr. Nisscn.

27 Environs de Batna, Nelva and Tailkfer.

I A'in Draham, July 1911, Faroult.

70. Ocneria signatoria nisseni (Rothsch.).

Lymantria nisseni Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xix. p. 125. No. 1 (1912) (Khenchela).

If Mr. Obertluir did not persist in considering names A\ith descriptions only
invalid, usually ignoring them altogether, he would have found out that his
siymUoria algirica, described and figured in his Fascicule XI. of the Etudes Com-
parees in April 1916, was ante-dated by nearly four years by my nisseni.

Mr. Oberthiii- remarks that he does not know the o, having only 5 $? : it
is very strange, but although the Tring Museum contains 71 examples, they are
all without exception $?, as is the case «ith my tlirce typical signatoria from
Central Asia. I also find that all the Ocneria rubea we have captured ourselves
in Algeria are ??.

1 Khenchela, June 1911 (type), Faroult.
3 El Mesrane, June 1913, Faroult.
1 Msila, May 1915, Faroult.
66 Ain Sefra, August 1915, Faroult.

71. Ocneria rubea (Schiff. and Den.).

Phalaena rubea Schiffermuller and Denis, Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wien, p. 51. No. 2 (1766) (Vienna).

We captured a small series of this species at Hammam Mcskoutinc, all $2 ;
one of these has the forewings suffused with smoky browii, only the costal edge,
inner margin, and fringe being pink. The o from Masscr Mines is entirely
suffused with smoky grey, only on the disc of the hindwings a little pink
shows through. The Ain Draham $ is very large.

1 ^ Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

II ?? Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.
1 $ Ain Draham, July 1911, Faroult.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 359

7 Ibis. Casama uniformis (Roth.sch.).

Ocneria tmijormis Rotl-Lschild, Novil. Zool. vol. xx. p. 118. No. 22 (1913) (S. Oued Mya).

This insect is very close to Casama innotata Walk., but exhibits constant
differences.

1 ? S. Oued Mya, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 S Amgid, February 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

1 ? Ji-n-tabarik, April 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

2 ?? Ain Tahart, April 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.
2 ?? Tahihout, April 1914, Geyr von Schweppenburg.

72. Albarracina warionis warionis (Oberth.).

Bombyx warionis Oberthiir, Elud. Entom. vi. p. 75. pi. ii. f. 6 (1881) (Oran).

We first captured a specimen of this species in 1909 on our journey to El
Oued ; and in 1912 Dr. Hartert got four specimens on his expedition to In-Salah,
and he captured the species again on the Oued N9a in 1914.

1 cJ Bordj Ferjan, April 1909, W. R. and E. H.

7 9? Oued N9a, April— June 1912-1914, E. H. and C. H.

LASIOCAUFIDAE.

73. Chonderostega powelli Oberth.

Chonderostega powelli Oberthur, Etiid. Lepidop. Comp. Faac. VI. p. 336. pi. cxxxii. ff. 1162-1164
(1912) (Geryville).

We found a larva at Boghari which unfortunately died, but I was able to
preserve it, and it is a fine specimen. It differs from the two larvae sent by Faroult
and also from the figure of Mr. Oberthiir by having the hair thicker and much
more grey ; but one of Faroult's larvae is intermediate between it and the figure,
while the second larva is exactly like the figure.

2 ^cJ, 4 ?? Guelt-es-Stel, September 1913, Faroult.

1 larva, Boghari, April 1911, W. R. and E. H.

2 larvae, Guelt-es-Stel, March 1913, Faroult.

74. Chonderostega constantina Aurivillius.

Chonderostega constantina Aurivillius, Iris, vol. vii. p. 137. No. 7 (larva) (1894) (Mauretania (Con-

Btautine fide Staudinger)).
Chonderostega constantina Oberthur, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1898, p. 230 (imago ^ $) (Prov. Con-

stantine).

I only have 1 $ of this species.

1 $ Constantine, Staudinger.

3 larvae, Constantine, Staudinger.

75. Chonderostega tingitana Powell.

Chonderostega tingitana Powell in Oberthur, Etud. Lepidop. Comp. Faac. XII. pp. 303-304 (1916)
(Tangier).

Only kno^vn from the o? in Mr. Oberth iir's collection,

360 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

70. Clisiocampa neustria flavescens 'Griinb.).

ilalaajsoma neustria flavescens Griinborg in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde, p. 151 (1911) (.Algeria).

The only place from which the Tring Museum has received this species is
Masscr Mines.

4 cJo, 1 $ Masser Mines, June 1914, Faioult.

77. Malacosoma alpicola lutea (Obcrth.).

Bombijx luieus Oberthiir, Etiid. Entom. liv. iii. p. 44 (187S) (El May Oran).

Mr. Oberthiir has told us, from material in his collection, that he finds West
Algerian and East Algerian ?V of hdeu more or less alike, while the otJ are very
distinct ; the East Algerian qS being dark with two hght discal transverse lines,
while the West Algerian o(J are light with two dark discal transverse lines. From
this it appears that Mr. Oberthiu-'s experience has been different from mine, else he
woidd have realised that the problem of the .Mauretanian representatives of the
European franconica-alpicola group of moths was a very different one from what
he thought. In 1912 Dr. Jordan and I collected a large number of larvae of these
insects at Khenchela and in 1913 Faroult did the same at Guelt-es-Stel. Of
both lots many larvae died before spinning up and pupating, and of the rest the
largest number died or the imagines got spoilt owing to our very rough journeys
home. However, I succeeded in breeding 3 <J(J and 1 ? from Guelt-es-Stel and
4 o(J and 4 $? from Khenchela. In 1914 Faroult sent me some cocoons of these
insects from Boghari, from which 5 o<3 and 1 5 emerged. The resulting insects
form a most interesting series : 4 o(J and 1 ? from Boghari and the 3 o(J and
1 ? from Guelt-es-Stel and 1 $ from Lambessa are typical lutea, ie. tlie (J(J
have the disc of the forewings cream-yellow with the two transverse hnes mauve-
brown, and the ?? are entirely rich golden yellow ; the 1 S from Boghari and
4 0(J from Khenchela have the disc of the forewings mauve-bro\\ii, with the two
transverse lines cream-yellow ; the ?$, however, also sho^\• a great difference —
two of these ?? are liver-brown, washed -nith oUvaceous or greenish and with an
indistinct yellowish transverse band, the remaining two are blackish chocolate-
brown. Before reading Mr. Oberthiir's article I had determined in my own mind
that I was dealing with two distinct races of one species, but after reading his
article and looking up his previous works on the subject, I carefully re-examined
my nineteen specimens, and I was at once struck by three points: first, Mr.
Oberthiir had got typical lutea ?? from Khenchela and Lambessa and a typical
lutea o from Biskra ; secondly, I had got dark SS and S? quite unlike typical
lutea from Khenchela ; and thirdly, I had got three typical lutea Jo from Boghari
and one dark (J similar to those from Khenchela. The fact thus demonstrated
that typical lutea as well as dark-coloured examples occurred at Boghari and
Khenchela clearly proved that what we were dealing with were not two local
races of one species, as two local races of the same species cannot occur together
in one place. Therefore we had either a case of dimorphism to deal with or the
dark and light examples were specimens of two distinct species. This question
can only be decided by the examination of the genitalia or by breeding both dark
and light individuals from eggs laid by a single $.

Pending such decision, I prefer to keep them as separate species, one repre-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 301

senting in Mauretania Malacosoma franconica Esp. and the other Malacosoma
alpicola Stdgr.

4 (J(?, 1 ? Boghari, May 1913—1914, Faioiilt (ex larva hatched Hammam
Meskoutine).

3 <J<J, 1 ? Guelt-es-Stel, May 1913, Faroult.

1 $ Lambessa, Staudinger.

2 larvae, 4 cocoons, and 2 pupae, CJuelt-es-Stel, Faroult.

78. Malacosoma franconica brunneo-olivacea subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from /. franconica in having the cream-yellow discal lines of the
forewings much more strongly developed. ?. Differs from /. franconica in being
either Hver-brown washed with olive or dark chocolate-brown not maroon-red.

Habitat. Algeria.

1 (? Boghari, May 1913, Faroult (ex larva).

4 (J(J, 4 5? Khenchela. May 1912. W. R. and K. J. (ex larva, larva Khen-
chela, emerged Tring),

2 larvae, 2 cocoons, Khenchela, W. R. and K. J.

79. Achnocampa ilicis Ramb.

Achnocampa ilicis Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lepidop. Andal. p. 362. pis. 5. f. 4 and 14. f. 1 (1866)
(Andalusia).

We never received or found this species.

SO. Diplura loti algeriensis (B. Baker).

Bombyx loti var. algeriensis B. Baker, Entom. Month. Mag. vol. xxi. p. 242 (1885) (Guelma).
Bombyx brunnea Oberthiir, Eliid. Entom. livr. xiii. p. 29. pi. 6. f. 39 (1890) (Prov. Oran).

We have never come across the imago of /. brunnea, but we found a larva
at Saida which, as it was almost dead, I preserved. The Batna o is much damaged.

1 c? "Algeria," Bartel.

1 <J, 3 $9 Batna, 1909-1914, Nelva.

1 ? Lambessa, Deyrolle.

1 $ Lalla Marnia, October 1912, Rotrou.

1 ? Sidi-bel-Abbes, August 1912, Rotrou.

1 larva, Saida, May 1913, W. R. and K. J.

81. Diplura loti simulatrix Chr^t.

Diplura simulatrix Chretien, Le Nnturaliste, vol. x.-sxii. (ser. ii. vol. xxii.) p. 78. No. 2 (1910)
(Tunisia).

I have never received this form. Mr. Chretien has described simulatrix as
a species distinct from loti, and an examination of the genitaha and other structures
may prove him to be right. Mr. Oberthiir has alluded to Mr. Chretien's insect
under his brunnea — recte algeriensis B. Baker {Etud. Entom. Camp. Fasc. XII.
p. 326 (1916) ), and treats it as a local race of algeriensis, which he considers a dis-
tinct species from loti ; this again may or may not prove to be the case. However,
one thing is clear, typical Diplura loti does not occur in North Africa ; and as

362 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 19l7.

algeriensis and simulatrix replace this species geographically in Algeria and
Tunisia respectively, I feel bound for the present to treat both as subspecies of
loti.

[Pachygastria serrula (Guen.) and its allies.

This little group of species is very difficult to make out, but fortunately I
have a good series of the two Palestine forms davidis Stdgr. and serrula pulaesti-
nensis Stdgr. for comparison. The type of Guenee's serrula was said to have
been brought from Andalusia by Lorquin, but there appears to be some doubt
as to the correctness of the locality (see Oberthiir, Etudes d' Entomologie, livraison
vi. pp. 73, 74). The figure of the type [Ann. Soc. Entom. France, pi. x. fig. 2) is
not good, too red and not pure grey enough.

The next record of serrula is from Mt. Tessala, Prov. Oran, where it was dis-
covered bj' JMr. Austaut in 1880. Mr. Oberthiir describes it and figures the (J and
larva [Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 73. pi. iii. Nos. 6 and 6«) from Mr. Austaut's speci-
mens. These figures are not very good. Since then a number of forms (aegyptiaca
Oberth., marocmna Stdgr., and undukita Stdgr.) have been described ; in addi-
tion to this Staudinger has described davidis and Oberthiir homilcar with a var.
hamilcar, which these authors consider good species. As regards davidis, Herr
Paulus, its discoverer, stated that its larva was feeding in company with that of
s. palaestinensis and did not differ from it. Comparing davidis and palaesiinensis
and hamilcar and vndulata = homilcar, we at once see that they bear exactly the
same relationship to one another, and I have no doubt that davidis is the extreme
pale form of serrula palaestinensis, just as hamilcar is the extreme pale form of
serrula itndulata. If Mr. Oberthiir had looked up the original descriptions
of Staudinger's vars. maroccana and iinduhta {Iris, vol. vii. p. 265), instead of
merely reading the diagnosis in the Catalogue of 1901, he would have perceived
that the tnaroccana fitted his cj figure of semda very well, while the umhilata
was his homilcar. The Tring Museum possesses a (J? out of Austaut's collection
labelled "S. serrula V"' hrunea Oran, type Austaut." This is apparently one of the
specimens obtained on Djebel Tessala. Staudinger's type of maroccana was also
from the Austaut collection from somewhere near the Moroccan frontier; it
apparently is only an aberration with less grey mixture in the brown and the
transverse bands almost absent.]

82. Pachygastria serrula serrula (Guen.).

Bombyx serrula Guen^e, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, ser. 3. vol. vi. p. 45-t. t. 10. fig. 2 (1858) (.\nda-

lu.sia ? !).
Bombyx serrula Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 73. t. iii. ff. 6 (J and 6a larva ((J = ab. -maroccana

Staudinger) (1881) (Djebel Tessola).

4 <?<?, 2 $? Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll.
1 (J, 1 ? Oran, Austaut (labelled V" hrunnea type).
4 (J (J Perregaux, Prov. Oran, October 1915, Faroult.
1 larva, AIn Sefra, W. R. and E. H.

The British Museum has 8 Algiers ! !

The Tring Museum series consists of 9 <J(J and 3 $? =: 12.

EXPLAXATTOX OF PLATE I.

No.

1, l(). ; ^ Pdcluiguftirin jontKi nuicheri {Blach.i Nov. Zool. XXIV. p. 'MiX

1*. LsLvvsi F. trilolii Tiiaiiretaniat iStdgr.) Nov. ZooL. XXIV. - - p. :i6.5

3. Lai-va P. josna jo-vin (Stdgr.) Nov. Zool. XXIV. . • P- •'f>-l

4. Larva P. josiia rniirlieri (Blach.) Xov. Zool. XXIV. - - - P- •^'' +

5. C. o J ^. •'■■P''''"^' •s'^'''"?^ (Gaen.) Xov. Zool. XXIV. . . • P- •*6-
7. 8. f J P. sernihi palnestinensis (Stdgr.) Nov. Zool. XXIV. - - P- -i'J-
9. Id. 11. s + I^- SI' ir II lu Hiuhilain iStdgv.) Nov. Zool. XXIV. . . p. -.iHS
iii. lit. :; i P. s. serrula a,h. briinea {Aust.) Nov. Zool. XXIV.- - p. :iry2
13, U. Lt\rvA P. serruktiinflvlafa (Stdgr.) Nov. Zool. XXIV. . . p. :uy.i
15. L-dwa, P. sernila paltiestiripusis iStdgr.) Nov. Zool. XXIV. j)}). .'?()2. ."ifi:!
17, IS. o i P- j'»iiiii j"-'^"(i (^tdgr.) Nov. Zool. XXIV. - - - !>■ ■">'5

.\>r\ITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XXV. 1918.

Pl. I.

F. \V. Frohawk, del.

MENPES PRESS, WATFI

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 363

83. Pachygastria serrula undulata (Stdgr.).

Bombyz serrula var. undulata Staudinger, Iris, vol. vii. p. 265 (1894) (Biskra).
Lasiocampa bomilcar Oberthiir, Etud. Lepidop. Comp. Faso. XI. Expl. Planches, p. 21. No. 4718-
4720. pi. cccxxix. ff. 4718-4720 (1916) : Faso. XII. p. 328 (1916) (M'Chounech).

Mr. Oberthiir considers this a distinct species because of the non-dentate
transverse band and the more elongated wings of the ? ; two of my females, how-
ever, have distinctly dentate transverse bands, while a typical serrula serrula ?
in the British Museum has the band absolutely non-dentate. The larva from
Biskra differs from those of s. serrula and s. palaestinejisis in the interspaces
between the segments of the body being black, not slate-blue. This form is
largely parthenogenetic, but, as is almost invariably the case in parthenogenetic
reproduction in inssects, the eggs of virgin ?? produce only ??.

The dimorphic form hamilcar Oberth. is entirely yellowish cream colour
with dark transverse thin bands, and evidently is in the same relation to s. ttndulata
as davidis Stdgr. is to s. palaestinensis. The Tring series totals 20.

2 <?<?, 2 2$ Bou Saada, September 1912-1913, Faroult.

16 $$E1 Outaya ex larva (larva March 1911, emerged Ain Draham, September
1911), W. R. and E. H.

6 larvae. El Outaya, W. R. and E. H. and Faroult.

[Mr. Oberthiir is his Etudes Comparees, Fasc. XII. pp. 331-334, interpolates
here the two species of Lamhessa between —

84. Pachygastria serrula and Pachygastria trifolii.

This is so out of place that I feel bound to reverse this order, in spite of
my previous statement that I was keeping to Mr. Oberthiir's order of the
species.]

[The small group of species consisting of trifolii Linn, and its allies evers-
manni Ev., josua Stdgr., concolor Chr., and grandis Stdgr., are a most complicated
and puzzling lot of forms, and it is quite possible that they may one day all
prove to be local and other forms of one protean species trifolii, but for the
present I think it is perfectly correct to treat them as four or five species of which
trifolii is spUt up into a great number of local races. Mr. Oberthiir (Etud.
Lepidop. Comp. Fasc. XII. p. 336. 1° Tanger.) says that he believes that what
he figured in Fasc. XI. pi. cccxxix. ff. 4721-4722 as Lasiocampa josua vaucheri
Blachier is not that insect, but a Tangier local race of trifolii, for which he pro-
poses the name of trifolii vaucheri. This name is absolutely inadmissible, for
it is distinctly laid down in the International Rules of Nomenclature that no two
species or subspecies of a single genus can bear the same name. Mr. Oberthiir
further says he has not any specimen like the drawing in the Ann. Soc. Entom.
France, pi. 2. fig. 4. I have a S and $ from Tangier, and the o is identical with
fig. 4 and the $ almost so with fig. 5. Dr. Griinberg in Seitz figures as josua
from Algeria a <J of serrula undulata, while he figures davidis as serrula palaes-
tinensis. In the text he keeps josua as a separate species, and with the Maroccan
subspecies vaucheri. He figures as davidis a pale form' of gratulis not in the
least like the series I have of true davidis from the Grum-Grshimailo collection,
which agree absolutely with Staudinger's description, Iris, vol. vii. p. 266 (1894).
This frequent confusion in the plates, giving totaDy different insects in the

364 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV, 1917.

figures to those belonging to the names of species in the text, is a serious blot
on Dr. Seitz's great work ; it arises from Dr. Seitz arranging the plates inde-
pendently of the author's. Although I think eventually josiia will prove to be
only a form of irifolii, I keep it separate here as the larva is also different.]

85. Pachygastria josua vaucheri (Blach).

Lasiocampa josua var. vaucheri Blachier, A?in. Soc. Entom. France, vol. Ixxv. p. 23. pi. 2. if. 4, 5
(1906) (Tangier).

The larvae both of typical josua and of the form from Mauretania differ
from the lai'vae of the various irifolii races by being much blacker, the paired
white segmental spots are much more conspicuous, and the hairs are scantier
and brown, yellowish brown, or dark grey, not golden yellow or silver grey.
Ain Draham specimens I have are quite as large and robust as the Tangier
examples. The Tring Museum has 25 examples.

1 o, 1 ? Tangier, Vaucher (ex Staudinger).

1 o Mazagan, Morocco, August 1903, W. Riggenbach.

1 <J Eabat, 1914, A. Thery.

1 ? Masser Mines, August 1914, Faroult.

2 33 Guelt-es-Stel, October 1913, Faroult.

8 <J<J, 1 $ Ain Draham, September 1911, Faroult.

1 (J, 1 9 Environs d'Alger, Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.

1 (J Bordj-bou-Arreridj, October 1912, Faroult.

6 (?(J Batna, September — October 1912, Nelva.

1 larva, Lac Fetzara, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

1 larva, Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

I unfortunately overlooked Mr. Blachier's description and described seme
aberrant Guelt-es-Stel Irifolii mauretanica as josua deleta, misled in part by
Seitz (NoviT. ZooL. vol. xxi. p. 314. No. 49 (1914)).

86. Pachygastria trifolii codes (Hiibn.).

Bombyx codes Hiibner, Samm. Europ. Schmett. No. 332-335 (1831) (?).

The Mauretanian coastal and tell race of Irifolii has received numerous
names ; but although it is very variable, I think it is all referable to codes, and
the forms named seitzi, jugurthina, etc., are all mere casual aberrations of codes.
We have taken the larvae of this insect, but were never in Algeria at the time
of flight of the imago.

49 Mazagan, Morocco, September 1902-1903, Riggenbach.
5 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery.

2 Zoudj-el-Beghal, November 1914, Faroult.
1 Masser Mines, November 1914, Faroult.

1 (J Lalla Marnia, October 1914, Faroult.

2 Perregaux, November 1915, Faroult.

18 Environs d'Alger, Dr. Nissen and Captain Holl.

1 Media, November 1912, Faroult.
64 Ain Draham, Tunisia, September 1911, Faroult.

3 larvae, Hammam R'irha, W. R. and K. J.
1 larva, Environs d'Alger, W. R. and K, J.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXI\^ 1917. 365

I have a large number (some 50 or 60), unset as yet, received in 1916 from
Perregaux, Hammam R'ihra, Sidi-bel-Abbes, etc., besides the above 143.
The British Museum has I ? Algiers, Leech coll.

87. Pachygastria trifolii maiiretanica (Stdgr.).

Bombyx trifoHi var. niauretanica Staudinger, Iris. vol. iv. p. 262 (1891) (Lambessa).

This appears to be the "Hants Plateaux" and "mountain" race of lii/olii,
as opposed to the " coastal " one. Though extremely variable, it is charac-
terised as a rule by its washed-out appearance, due to the large admixture of
j^ellow and grey scales, and in the many hundreds I have seen there has never
been a single rufous or chocolate-brown specimen, such as are frequent among
the coastal t. codes.

902 Guelt-es-Stel. September— October 1912-1913, Faroult.

125 Environs de Batna, September— October 1909-1915, Nelva.

7 Bordj-bou-Arr6ridj, September 1912, Faroult.

2 larvae, Boghari, W. R. and E. H.

4 larvae, Guelt-es-Stel, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.

1 larva, Batna, Nelva.

I larva, Boudj-bou-Arreridj, Faroult.

The Tring Museum series totals 1,034.

[Lambessa staudingeri B. Baker and its allies.

Dr. Griinberg and Mr. Oberthiir place these in the genus Lasiocampa, but
they certainly form a very distinct group of insects, and I feel certain the genus
Lambessa ought to be upheld as distinct. Mr. Oberthiir further on p. 333 of
Fasc. XII. of his Etudes Comparees accuses me of paying no attention to the
variabihty of Lambessa staudingeri because I described a Lambessa decolorata
sordidior and accentuates the fact that I gave no figure. Mr. Oberthiir then
proceeds to give a French translation of what I said.

I can only once more repeat that Mr. Oberthiir as well as many other ento-
mologists have failed to realise that in Mauretania there are two ciuite distinct
species of Lambessa : one with an apterous 9 and the S with shorter antennae
= staudingeri B. Baker, and the second one in which tlie ? is fidl-winged and
the (J has very long antennae.

It therefore remains for me to try to unravel the nomenclature of the
various forms of the genus Lambessa. Mr. Bethune Baker described staudingeri,
Entom. Month. Mag. vol. xxi. p. 242 (1885) (Lambessa), and in the Fasc. V.
(part i.), plate Ixv. Nos. 621-625 Mr. Oberthiir figured five staudingeri from the
neighbourhood of Sebdou. As I have never seen any Lamliessa or Ehenchela
examples so strongly washed with brown, I described or rather named this
Sebdou race from Mr. Oberthiir's figures .staudingeri castaneolavata (NoviT. ZoOL.
vol. xxi. p. 314 (synopsis of forms under No. 51) (1914) (Sebdou)). These are the
first descriptions of the only two wingless forms of Lambessa. We now come
to the winged forms : the earhest described is decolorata Klug. (Symb. Phys.
Ins. ii. folio vi. p. 3. No. 1. pi. xx. f. 1 (1832) (vicinity of Alexandria)). This is
a ? fully winged and of a uniform yellowish cinnamon-brown colour. The next

366 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

described form of this group is datiyii Mab. {Bull. Soc. Enfom. France, 1888, p. 42
(Gabes)) ; this is uniform mouse-grey, tegulae and base of wings whitish.

The next described form was my virago (Novit. Zool. vol. xix. p. 118 (1912)
(Biskra)). I unfortunately was so struck by the resemblance of the o to
staiulingeri that it never occurred to me to look up the decolorata of Klug, and
Sir. Oberthiir's figures of datini are so unlike my specimens that I also did not
consider that insect related to my virago. The single 3 of virago is pale buffish
grey, while the ?? are cinnamon brown-grey.

The last of this group to be described is d. sorrfirfior Rothsch. (NoviT. ZooL.
vol. xxi. p. 314. No. 51 (1914) (Guelt-es-Stel)). The colour of the general run of
the males is dirty grey-brown with a slight cinnamon tinge and suffused with
sooty black-grey, as if smoked ; the ?$ are clearer, less smoky brown.

This is the insect Mr. Oberthiir takes me so to task over, for having named.
I can only say anyone examining the series I have would have done the same.
I must, however, confess that a S and 2 $?, received after the paper was written,
are rather disconcerting ; in fact, they entirely agree with the Biskra examples
of virago in colour. This, however, is something often found in two closely
allied local races of one species, that is, that some specimens closely or entirely
resemble the whole mass of the other race, therefore until I get Biskra specimens
agreeing with sordidior and in such numbers that they prove that virago and
sordidior are merely individual aberrations, I shall consider them two closely
allied subspecies of the Egyptian decolorata Klug. In my synopsis of the forms
I included grisea Griinb. as a third species, but on carefully looking at the
description and the figure, I perceive this insect has a stigma on the disc of the
forewing, and I have come to the conclusion that it belongs to the serrula group
of Paclnjgastria, and is not a Lambessa at all. Therefore only two species of
Lamhessa occur in the Palaearctic region, though several occur in tropical
Africa.

Mr. Oberthiir received from El Kantara a ? of my virago and a ? from Bou
Saada somewhat similar to it which he has identified as the only other two
known specimens of datini besides the type cJ? from Tunisia {see Etud. Lepidop.
Comp. Ease. XII. p. 332 (1916)).

The synopsis of the forms of Lambessa is as follows :

I. LAMBESSA DECOLORATA DECOLORATA Klug.
Egypt.

a. L. decolorata albescens subsp. nov.

Palestine.

(J. Forewings cream-buff, hindwings cinnamon colour ; $ entirely cream
white. (2 ??, 3 (J (J, and 3 larvae in Tring Museum.)

b. L. decolorata datini Mab.
Tunisia.

c. L. decolorata -virago Rothsch.
Biskra, Algeria.

d. L. decolorata sordidior Rothsch.
Bou Saada and Guelt-es-Stel, Algeria.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXlV. 1917. 367

II. LAMBESSA STAUDINGERI STAUDINGERI B. Baker.
Prov. Constantine, Algeria.

a. L. staudingeri castaneolavata Rothsch.
Prov. Oran, Algeria.]

88. Lambessa decolorata datini (Mab.).

Bombyx datini Mabille, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1888. p. xlii. (Gab^j).
The original (J? types remain unique to this day.

89. Lambessa decolorata virago Roth.sch.

Lambeasa virago Rothschild, NovU. Zool. vol. xix. p. 118 (1912) (Biskra).

I collected the larvae of this form at Biskra in 1911, and the five examples
( 1 (J, 4 ?$) were reared for me by Faroult, emerging September 191 1 at Ain Draham.

1 <J, 4 ¥? Biskra (ex larva, larva March 1911), W. R. and E. H. (type).
3 larvae, Biskra, W. R., E. H., and Staudinger.
1 larva, El Outaya, Faroult.

90. Lambessa decolorata soididior Rothsch.

Lambessa decolorata sordidior Rotlischild, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi. p. 314. No. 51 (1914) (Guelt-es-Stel).

The first specimens I received were some ?$ sent to me by Dr. Nissen, who
collected them in 1911, and sent them to me to know what they were. After
that Faroult collected a number of (J<J and ?$. Faroult also sent one ? from
Bou Saada which is undoubtedly sordidior.

52 <J<J, 26 5? Guelt-es-Stel, September— October 1911-1913, Dr. Nissen and
Faroult.

1 ? Bou Saada, 1912, Faroult.

91. Lambessa staudingeri staudingeri (B. Baker).

Bomhyx staudingeri B. Baker, Entom. Month. Mag. vol. xxi. p. 242 (1885) (Lambessa).

We only found the larvae of this insect at Khenchela, and bred 2 ?? and a
number of crippled, useless SS-

1 cJ, 1 ? Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll.
3 S$ Bord]"-bou-Arr6ridj, 1912, Faroult.

1 (J Setif, 1911, Faroult.

102 cJcJ, 1 ? Batna, September 1909-1915, A. Nelva.

2 ?? Khenchela, ex larva Khenchela (larva May 1912, emerged September
at Tring), W. R. and K. J.

2 larvae, Khenchela, W. R. and K. J.

The Tring series numbers 107 <J5, 4 ??.

368 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

92. Lambessa staudingeri castaneolavatus Rothsch.

Lambessa staudingeri castaneolavatus Rdttechild, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi. p. 314. No. 51 (Synopsis of
Lambessa) (1914) (Sebdou).

Mr. Oberthiir received a number of Jo of tliis form from Aflou and tlie
vicinity of Sebdou from Harold Powell. It is the western race of staudingeri,
which appears to be confined to the Province of Constantino. We never caught
or received this insect.

[THE MAURETANIAN SPECIES OF CHILENA AND
THEIR RELATIVES.

These species fall naturall}' into two well-marked groups, first those with
white wings and bodies, viz. oherthilri Luc, hilgerli Rothsch., and virgo
Oberth. ; and secondly those with grey wings and bodies, viz. geyri Rotlisch.,
malacosomoides Rothsch., and lucasi Oberth.

Of the first or " White Group," in addition to the three Manretanian species,
there are two other Palaearctic species, obligitata Klug. and pura Warr., both
from the Egyptian region, while of the second or " Grey group " there are also
two other Palaearctic species, viz. sordida Ersch. and proxitna Stdgr. There
are, of course, a number of other non-Palaearctic species of CJnlena mostly from
tropical Africa.

Of the "White Group" the three Mauretanian species differ considerably
from the two Egyptian ones, for while virgo is quite white, the other two have
two transverse lines, whereas the two Egyptian ones both have only a single
line. The question of course arises, Are the two banded Algerian species
oberlhiiri and hilgerti distinct ? I answer that, without examining and com-
paring the actual specimens side by side, there are many so-called " Species-
Lumpers " who would maintain they are the .same ; but I think I can prove
they are distinct. In oberthiiri Luc. the outer of the two transverse lines starts
from the apex and reaches vein 1 near the tornus, being somewhat angled at
vein 5 ; the inner hne is sinuate very broad and does not reach much beyond
vein 2, while it starts from vein 7 ; moreover, the basal half of the mng is
strongly dusted with greyish scales with exception of the cell, while tlie tarsi are
white. In hilgerti, on the other hand, the outer Une starts from vein 9 below the
apex and runs much more obliquely to vein 1 fully one-third behind the tornus ;
the inner line is very faint in both V? and runs parallel to the outer from costa to
vein 1 ; the whole of the wings are tinged with bulf , the hindwings less so, and
the tarsi are uniform pale cinnamon-grey. Another striking difference between
the Egyptian and Algerian " White " species is that while obliquata Klug. has
golden-yellow tarsi and jnira orange tarsi ringed with black, the Algerian ones
have them white or grey. Of the " Grey Group " only lucasi Oberth. is any-
where near the other Palaearctic species, both geyri and malacosovwidcs being
very distinct.]

93. Chilena oberthuri Lucas.

Chilena oberthiiri Lucas, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1909. p. 71 (Tunisia).

Chilena oberthuri Lucas, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. Ixxix. p. 477. pi. IS. f. 9 (1910) (Tuzeur,
Zarcine).

We never obtained this form. Mr. Oberthiir records a ? from El Outaya,
Algeria.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 369

91. Chilena hilgerti Kothsch.

Chilem hilgerti Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xx. p. 119. No. 25 (1913) (Oued-el-Abiod).

The two 9? caught by Dr. Hartert have up to the present remained the
only ones recorded.

2 $? Oued-el-Abiod, north of In-Salah, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

95. Chilena virgo Obcrth.

Chilena virgo Oberthur, Etud. Lepidop. Cump. Fasc. XII. p. 340. No. 2 (191G) (El Outaya).
We have never seen or received this species.

96. Chilena lucasi Oberth.

Chilena lucasi Oberthur, Etud. Lepid. Comp. Fasc. XII. p. 341. No. 3 (1916) (Beni-Ouiiif).
We never received this species.

97. Chilena malacosonioides Rothsch.

Chilena malacosomoides Rothschild, Ann. .Mag. Xat. Hist. (8). xvi. p. 249. No. (13) (1915) (Oued
Tamoudat, north of Ideles).

Herr Geyr von Schweppenburg's type remains the only recorded specimen.

1 o Oued Tamoudat, north of Ideles, March 1914, Geyr von Schweppen-

burg.

98. Chilena geyri Rothsch.

Chilena geyri Rothschild, Ann. Hag. Nat. Hist. (8). xvi. p. 249. No. (12) (1915) (south of Bledet-
Ahmar).

Herr Geyr von Schweppenburg sent 10 specimens, 1 of which is in the
British Museum and 1 I gave to Dr. Nissen. The <J 50 kilometres north of
Ouargla is very small, and the grey scaling on the basal two-thnds of the wing
is much reduced.

7 oo 25 kilometres south of Bledet-Ahmar, December 1913, Geyr von
Schweppenburg.

1 cJ 50 kilometres north of Ouargla, December 1913, Geyr von Schweppen-
burg.

99. Metanastria digramma (Meade-Waldo).

Macrothylacia rubi subsp. digramma Meade-Waldo, Trans. Eniom. Soc. London, 1905. p. 390.
No. 86. pi. xjx. f. 10 (Tangier).

I have no Mauretanian examples, but a fine series taken by my brother
and Dr. Jordan at Cintra and Monehique Algarve in Portugal. My brother was
the first collector to take the <J. Unhke rubi, the S is identical in colour with
the ?. I consider this insect to be a distinct species from rubi because the
diseal transverse lines are much wider apart and because cJ? are alike, whereas
they are dissimilar in riibi. The larva in Portugal is much brighter and more
variegated with bright golden yellow than the larva of ruhi.

Mr. Meade-Waldo in his article record.s it from Tangier and Babara.
There are 7 or 8 ?? in the British Museum, Mcade-Waldo, Tangier.

370 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

100. Epicnaptera suberifolia (Diip.).

Lasiocampa suberifolia Duponchel in Godart, Pap. France, Suppl. IV'. p. 79. No. cclzxxix. pi. 57.
f. 3 (1842) (Digne Andalusia).

I possess only one example of this species from Prov. Oran.

1 Masser Mines, July 1914, Faroult.

[Pachypasa limosa limosa (Devi II.).

Bombyx liinosa Devilliers, Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris, vo\. v. p. 478 (1826) (Montpellier).

Mr. Oberthiir tells us he has specimens of this species from Hyercs, Mar-
seilles, Montpellier, Vernet-les-Bains, Barcelona, Sebdou, Afloii, and Lambessa,
and that the Aflou form is distinct. Besides a lot of old or doubtful material,
I have a fine series from Marseilles, 1 from Guelt-es-Stel, and 7 from Alger (1 we
got ourselves, and 6 from Captain Holl). On comparing the Alger specimens
with those from Marseilles, they all show a browner ground-colour, though not
so b^o^v^l as those from Aflou, therefore they must be separated ; and I am
convinced that typical limo.su does not occur in Algeria.]

101. Pachypasa limosa intermedia subsp. nov.

(J$. Differ from limosa limosa in being more mouse-grey or brownish grey,
not silver-grey.

Habitat. Alger (iMr. Obcrthiir's Lambessa and Sebdou examples also belong
to this race).

This insect was only once found by u.s. On the morning of our departure
from Alger in June 1912, when, owing to the sailors' strike at Marseilles, we had
to go via Port Vendrcs, a fine $ was picked up near the foot of a large cypress
tree in Mustapha Superieur.

1 ? Environs d' Alger, June 1912, W, Pv. and K. J.

3<JcJ, 3 ?? Hussein D.-y, Alger, November 1911, Captain Holl.

102. Pachypasa limosa powelli Ubcrth.

Pachypasa limosa powelli Oberthiir, Etiid. Lepidup. Comp. Fasc. XII. p. 343 (1916) (Aflou).

This form is browner than either I. limosa of Europe or I. intermedia, especi-
ally on the hindwings.

1 (J Guelt-es-Stel, September 1912, Faroult.

103. Taragama repaiida repanda (Hiibn.).

Bombyx repanda Hiibner, Europ. Schmeii. Bomb. if. 274, 275, 346 (1827) (Spain).

We have only taken this insect at Alger, where I got a number of (JcJone
evening by " sembhng " \nth a freshly emerged ? lent me by Dr. Nissen aUve.
I also bred one <J from a cocoon found by myself near El Biar. The Tring
series from Mauretania comprises 49 examples.

NOVITATES ZOOI.OGICAE XXIV. 1917. 371

1 (J Algeria ? !
46 SS, 17 ?? Environs d'Alger, May — October 1908, W. E., K. J., and Dr.
Nissen (1 Faroult, no date).

1 <J, 1 ? Guelt-es-Stel, September 1912, Faroult.

2 larvae and 7 cocoons, W. R. and K. J. and Faroult.

The British Museum has 1 North Africa, Sand coll. ex Leech coll.

104. Taragama repanda tenebrosa subsp. nov.

<J. Differs from cJ of repanda repanda in being larger and much darker,
almost black.

Habitat. Tangier (type coll. by Meade-Waldo, British Museum).

Mr. Meade-Waldo records this insect from Tangier, Rabat, and Tetuan.
There are 3 in the British Museum : 2 Meade- Waldo and 1 Colonel Irby, all
Tangier.

LEMONIIDAE.

105. Lemonia vallantini (Oberth.).

Bombyx vallantini Oberthiir, Etucl. Enlom. livr. xii. \<. 28. pi. vi. f. 33 (1890) (B6ne).

We found the larva of tliis fine species at Hammam R'ihra. Total at Tring,
53.

1 <J Bone, November 1891, Dr. Vallantin ex Grum-Grshimailo coll.

1 (J Djebel Djelland, Tunisia, Staudinger.

2 <J<J, 2 ?9 Batna, Nelva coll.

44 (J (J, 2?? Environs d'Alger, November — December 1907-1912, Dr. Nissen,
Captain Holl, and Faroult.

1 (J BUda les Glacieres, November 1915, Faroult.

5 larvae, Hammam R'ihra, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.

106. Lemouia philopalus (Donzel).

Bombyx philopalus Donzel, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. xi. p. 198. t. 8. f. 2 (1842) (?).

We found the larva of this insect at Guelt-es-Stel, April 1912. Tring series
comprises 101.

1 cJ Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll.
1 (J Foum Tatahouine, S. Tunisia, Staudinger.
88 ^S, 10 ?? Guelt-es-Stel, November— December 1912-1913, Faroult.

1 S Lalla Marnia, November 1914, Faroult.

2 larvae, Guelt-es-Stel, W. R. and K. J.
1 larva, Lalla Marnia, Faroult.

SATURNIDAE.

[Mauretanian Saturnia forms. S. atlantica Lucas was figured and de-
scribed Explor. Scient. Alger, vol. iii. p. 379. t. 3. f. 4 (1848) ; numida Aust.,
Naturalist, 1883, p. 359, and maroccana Aust., Naturalist, 1894, p. 56. In
addition to these pavonia-major Linn, occurs in West Algeria and Morocco.

372 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

There has always been a dispute as to what numida and inaroccana were. As
the types of both these forms are in the Tring Museum, tlie matter is easily
settled. The two specimens of numida are labelled as coming from Nemours.
They are as large as pavonia-rruijor, and have the outer margins and apex of
wings suffused with ohve-yellow as in pavonia-7najor, but the basal three-fifths
of hindwings arc much paler and the obUque zigzag double hne running outside
the ocellus of the forewing is not contiguous to the ocellus as in pavonia-major,
but is well outside the ocellus and very sharply zigzag as in atlantica. When Dr.
Jordan and I saw these specimens we at once said these must be hybrids ; two
years ago I obtained from Mr. Watson of Manchester two artificially bred
atlantica x pyri in which the <J parent was atlantica ; these arc much smaller
than the two numida and more hke atlantica. I am now therefore convinced
that numida Aust. is the reverse cross to atlantpyri Niep (sic ! !), i.e. o pavonia-
major X ? atlantica.

As regards marocc-ana Aust. the type-specimen is labelled Tlcmccn ! ! and
I can see no difference between it and typical atlantim. Dr. Vallantin (Bull.
Soc. Entom. 1898) described an aberration of atlantica as var. motheri from
DjidjelH ; it is very dark and strongly washed all over with pink. I have
seen a similar specimen in the collection of the late Captain Holl. I have only
seen one pavonia-major from Jlauretania (Oran), but Mr. Oberthiir has one from
Oudjda and one from Ain Draham.]

107. Satumia atlantica Lucas.

Saturnia atlantica Lucas, E.tphr. Sclent. Alrj. Zool. vol. iii. p. 379. t. 3. f. 4 (1848) (Luc Tonga, Lacalle).

We have taken this at Alger, and I had two damaged specimens brought
me at Souk-Ahras, one only of which could be preserved.

1 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.
12 Environs d'Algcr, April— May 1908, W. R., E. H., Dr. Nissen, and
Captain Holl.

1 Algeria ?

9 Ain Draham, Faroult.

2 Tlcmcen, Austaut (type of var. inaroccana Aust.).
■4 no locaHty.

5 larvae, 2 cocoons, Ain Draham, Faroult.

3 larvae, Hammam R'ihra, Faroult.

The total at Tring is 29.

107cr. S. atlantica cJ x S. pavonia-major ?.
1 cJ, 1 ? bred in Germany (per Mr. Watson).

1076. S. pavonia-major o x S. atlantica ? (Satumia numida Aust.
1 (5, 1 $ Nemours, Austaut (types of S. numida).

NOVITATES ZuOLOGlCAE, VOL. XXIV. IQI/.

PL. IX.

"Saturniaatlantpyri Niep." (S. atlantica ^ x S. pavonia-majon
(Bred in captivity).

"Saturnia numida Aust." (S. pavonia-major i x S. atlantica ^ ).
(Type. Wild caught at Nemours. W. Algeria.)

XOVUAXES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 373

108. Saturiiia pavonia-major (Linn.).

Phalaena pavonia-major Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 497. var. (i. (1758) (?).

We onlj- came across this species once when the landlord of the liotel at
Oran gave us a specimen which had flown into his office the day before our
arrival. Curious to relate, it is in fine condition, only wanting one antenna.

1 c? Oran, April 1913, W. R. and E. H.

(In the first section of this paper {Rhopalocera) I did not indicate the sexes
of the Tring series : I have put them in in this section wherever I thought it
was of importance.)

While this article was going through the press, I received a large number
of lepidoptera from Mr. Rotroii, among which were : 160 Smerinthus ocellatus
ath.nticus from Le Kreider, April 1917; and 82 Amorpha populi a usta uti a,ho
from Le Kreider, April 1917. This brings the series in the Tring Museum up
to 207 and 196 respectively. There were also among them 20 Dicranura vinula
delavoiei from Magenta, April 1917, and 25 Saturnia pavonia-major from Detrie
near Sidi-bel-Abbes, April 1917.

(To he continued.)

25

374 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

NEW SOUTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE.
By LbUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.
SUBFAM. OENOCHROMINAE.

1. Ergavia burro wsi spec. nov.

(J, 44-49 mm. Head olive-buff, the face irrorated with red * and black ;
palpus black. Antenna dentate, the teeth at longest scarcely one-half the
diameter of the shaft ; cihation and single bristles normal. Thorax and abdomen
above olive-buff, the thorax in front strongly mixed \\ith red, and shghtly irith
black, the abdomen weakly tinged with red on posterior half of the segments
and with diminutive red-and-black crests. Hindtibia with a single spur.

Foreicing olive-butt', in places with shght dark irroration ; a weak, very
ill-defined reddish shade in the middle (about from R' to BP in their proximal
half), traceable still more faintly to hindmargin ; basal raised tuft fairly strong,
red mixed with black ; discal tuft strong but not very wide, predominantly
black ; three red, in places black-mixed, costal patches, the basal about 5 mm.
long, the central bounded proximally by the antemedian hne, distally by the
postmedian, posteriorly by M, the third subapical, reaching SC ; some similarly
coloured costal strigulation and irroration between the median and postmedian
and beyond the distal patch ; hnes chieflj' expressed by dark costal spots, the
median spot rather elongate, a little beyond the cell-patch (generally nearer
to the postmedian than to the antemedian), obUque inward ; antemedian Hne
somewhat excurved in anterior half of wing, marked by a dark dot or minute
dash on M, then incurved but almost obsolete, except for dots on fold and
SM' ; median obsolete ; postmedian exceedingly weak, sometimes obsolete,
its course always indicated by small or minute vein-dots ; extremely oblique out-
ward to R', where it is 3-4 mm, from termen, incurved between radials, oblique
inward to about three-fifths hindmargin, the dots on R', M', SJP, and hind-
margin nearly in ahgnment, an inward curve between M' and SM' ; subterminal
line faintly paler, scarcely traceable except between radials and near tornus,
where it crosses ill-defined reddish patches ; termen with strong black dots ;
fringe traversed by some reddish motthng which suggests a thick, irregular Une.

Hirulwing with tennen moderately strongly dentate, the tooth at R'

scarcely appreciable except in the fringe ; ohve-buff, the proximal half strongly,
a band proximal to the subterminal more feeblj', shaded with red and with
some blackish strigulation or irroration ; cell-mark white, rarely conspicuous ;
a rather strong, thick, wavy black line just beyond, from R' to hindmargin and
indicated on midcosta by a blackish spot ; a less definite red , black -mixed line
r5 mm. beyond and parallel with the preceding, expanding into more rust-
coloured spots between R' and R' and especially between R' and R' ; post-
median line fine, blackish, marked with very strong black teeth on the veins,
that on R= generally elongate ; a very fine pale distal edging to thi.s line ; termen
with black dots.

* None of the markings described as " rcxl " are very bright — scarcely more than " liver-
brown."

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 375

Underside reddish, clouded mth grey in proximal half or sometimes more
or less throughout (especially on hindwing), otherwise with grey irroration ;
costal margin of forewiug rather hghter, with rather strong irroration ; both
wings with rather sharp black discal lunula and vague grey subterminal cloud-
ings, corresponding to the reddish ones of upper.side ; terminal dots very weak
or almost obsolete.

Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, August — October 1907 ('W.
Hoffmanns). 7 cJ<J in coll. Tring Museum.

The genitaha have been examined by my kind friend the Rev. C. R. N.
Burrows, to whom I dedicate the species, and show a great difference from the
following species in the form of the gnathos, the shorter, hairy uncus, and
especially in the penis ; the manica is strongly spined, the vesica without the
characteristic cornuti of piercei.

2. Ergavia piercei spec. nov.

(J, 45-48 mm. Very similar to the preceding, distinguished as follows : '

Foreiving more unifonnly shaded with reddish, at least in the median area,
and as minute strigulac on the principal veins ; costal patches scarcely notice-
able, the basal sometimes wanting ; costal spots equidistant or even with the
median nearer to the antemedian ; in well-marked specimens an additional line
indicated (at least posteriorly) about 2 mm. proximal to the postmedian ; ter-
minal dots smaller. Hindiving with the double line just beyond cell much

weaker, greyish or reddish, never mixed with black, the outer not expanding
into spots between the radials ; postmedian slightly more distally placed, with
minute dots (never long teeth or wedges) on the veins and nearly always with
a deeper sinus inward between the radials.

Underside on an average paler than in hurrowsi, with postmedian Une well
indicated ; cell-mark of forewing sometimes shortened, that of hindwing gener-
ally wanting.

Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, August — October 1907, 15 <J<J,
including the type ; AlUanca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, November —
December 1907, 7 $S ; all in coll. Tring Museum, collected by W. Hoffmanns.

Dedicated to Mr. F. N. Pierce, to whom also I am deeply indebted for help
in the investigation of Geometrid genitaha.

Vesica with seven strong, broad cornuti. It is right to mention that the
specimen dissected was from Allianca, but there is no difference between the
series from the two locaKties named.

3. Ergavia endoeasta spec nov.

cJ, 48 mm. Closely similar to the two preceding, especially to piercei, of
which I should have supposed it a subspecies but that the antennal teeth are
longer, nearly cquaUing the diameter of the shaft.

Forewing rather duller, very confusedly marked, the double postmedian,
however, indicated by ill-defined spots rather than dots ; cell-mark thin ; pale
subterminal line fairly distinct ; termen with short black lunules in place of

the dots. Hindwing more weakly marked than in the allies ; terminal lunules

as on forewing.

376

NOVITATE? ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Underside nearly as in weakly marked piercei, but with the discal streak
of forew'ing sharply expressed.

San Esteban, N. Venezuela, June 1909 (S. M. Klages). Type in coll.
Tring Museum.

E. illineata Warr.. unknot™ to me and described from a single $ from
French Guiana, probably belongs to this group and not to that of roseivena
Prout ( = calvina Warr., nee Druce), with which its author compares it. It
may even be that one of my species will prove a race thereof, although as none
of them has the discal tuft " red-browi " and the group is evidently rich in
closely similar forms, this is by no means probable.

-i. Eligavia venturii spec. nov.

(J, 36 mm. In structure and markings akin to hrunnca Schaus. Body and
wings rather darker and duller.

Foreiving rather narrower ; a small areole present, as in iiraria Guen. ; R'
arising less near R' than in the example of brimnea before me ; the raised ceU-
tuft less developed ; median area more heavily irrorated ; postmedian line less
acutely angled on R', less deeply incurved between this and R".

Ocampo, El Chaco, Argentina, January 1906 (Venturi). Type in coU.
Tring Museum.

Superficially recalls stigmaria Wallv. even more than brunnea Schaus, except
for the white cell-mark of hindwing.

SuBFAM. HEMITHEINAE.
5. Racheospila rufoseriata spec. nov.

<J, 31 mm. Face brown-red, the lower edge more rosy, a narrow obMque
white-yellow band at each side separating the two shades. Palpus fully one-
and-a-half times diameter of eye, third joint moderate, partly concealed by
projecting hairs of second joint ; white at base, upper part and end of second
joint brown-red, third joint darker and duller. Vertex white ; occiput green.
Antenna white proximally, tinged with brown-red distally ; pectinations about
twice as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax and base of abdomen green above ;
abdomen with four white, red-edged dorsal spots, the first large, the second
small and weak, the last two moderate. Foretibia and tarsus (the latter paler)
brownish, spotted with white ; hindtibial process reaching fully to the middle
of the rather long first joint of tarsus.

Wings shaped as in alhnscriala Warr., or very slightly broader.

Forewing with SC" free or anastomosing sUghtly with C, R' connate, M'
rather widely separate ; light yellowish green ; costal edge white, at proximal
and apical extremities slightly underhned with red ; antemedian brown-red dots
on SC, M and SM=, that on M farthest from base, close to origin of M' ; a moderate
brown-red cell-dot ; a postmedian row of browii-red vein-dots, incurved pos-
teriorly, that on M» 4 mm. distant from termen, sUghtly elongate ; minuter
white dots accompanying this series distally ; a very fine red terminal line, very
sHghtly interrupted at the veins ; fringe pure white proximally, dirty white

distally. Hindwing with JI' rather widely separate ; similar to forewing, the

postmedian dots more elongate, especially on R' iind M'.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. H)17. 377

Underside mostly wliitish ; forewing in the costal region (except extreme
edge) greener, base of costa somewhat mixed with reddish, a minute and rather
weak cell-dot, terminal Une chiefly developed in anterior part and extending
round the apex as a costal dash between SC and SC* ; fringe as above.

Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, E. Peru, 6,800 ft. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Near alboseriata Warr., the pectinations and apparently the palpus shorter.

6. Racheospila variifrons spec. nov.

?, 28 mm. Face green below, red above. Palpus slender, over two-and-a-
half times diameter of eye, third joint very long ; reddish above, pale beneath.
Crown green, mixed with white between the antennae. Thorax and abdomen
green above, whitish beneath.

Forewing shaped as in bryata Feld. or shghtly narrower ; SC free, approach-
ing C, R' connate, M' connate ; briglit green, shghtly more yellowish than in
bryata, costal edge narrowly reddish ; lines very indistinct, rather thick, paler
green ; antemedian from one- fifth costa, obUque outward to cell-fold, here and
again at submedian fold angled outward ; postmedian from costa just before
two-thirds, lunula te-dentate, receding from termen behind M% reaching hind-
margin at about three-fifths ; a minute red, black-mixed cell-dot ; traces of
a red terminal line at end near apex only ; fringe whitish yellow proximally,

more grey-white distally. Hindiuing shaped as in bryata, or with termen

even straighter ; cell very short, M' stalked ; hke forewing but without ante-
median line.

Underside whitish green, unmarked ; costal region of forewing proximally
with very slight reddish-smoky suffusion ; apical fringe of forewing darkened.

Parana, Entre Rios, Argentina. Type in coll. Tring Museum.

Misidentified by Warren as bryata Feld. ( = flavifimbria Warr., syn. nov.),
which is only known to me from Bogota ; in that species the face is wholly
green, the vertex white, the antemedian line much straighter, the postmedian
less recurved behind M'.

7. Chloropteryx anisoctena spec. nov.

cj, 22-26 mm. ; 9, 28-;!0 mm. Face dull reddish. Palpus in 3 extending
little beyond frons, with third joint short ; in ? with second joint reaching
slightly beyond frons, third joint nearly as long as diameter of eye ; dark
above, pale beneath. Vertex white ; occiput green. Antenna in ij on the
outer side with serrate teeth ; on the inner side shortly pectinate, the
branches nearly twice as long as diameter of shaft ; in $ almost simple on
the outer side, very shortly pectinate on the inner, the branches about as
long as diameter of shaft. Hindtibia of S with strong hair-pencil and short
terminal process. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, abdomen
with a dark, pale-crested dorsal patch.

Foreioing dull grey-green, varying slightly in tone (from that of pallescens
Warr. almost to that of subriifescens Warr.) ; costal edge ochreous, rather heavily
dotted with black ; lines whitish, weak except on the veins, where they form
rather larger, whiter dots ; antemedian deeply cxcurved in cell (almost reaching
the dark grey-green cell-dot) and rather less deeply in submedian area ; post-
median from a little before two-thirds costa, forming anteriorly a gentle

378 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

outward curve, angulated inward at R*, lobed outward at R'-M', then receding
to M', curving, falling almost verticallj' on hindmargin beyond two-thirds ;
terminal line black, interrupted by whitish dots at the veins ; fringe ochreoua

whitish, with elongate blackish spots (dashes) opposite the veins. Hindiving

with abdominal margin long, tail rather strong ; first line obsolete ; cell-mark
elongate ; the rest as on forewing.

Underside whitish, shghtly opalescent, the forewing and a small terminal
area on hindwing towards apex with a rosy tinge ; no distinct markings ; ter-
minal line and fringe as above, but both intensified at tornus of forewing and
apical region of hindwing.

San Esteban, N. Venezuela, June — July 1909 (S. M. Klages). A good
series in coll. Tring Museum. A single <? from Sapueay, Paraguay, October
1904 (W. Foster), was mixed by Warren with pallescens Warr. (see Nov. Zool.
xvi. 76). True ■pallescens (from Oconeque, Carabaya) has normal bipectinate
(J antenna, but is not, as was suggested, an aberration of subrufescens Warr.,
the (J lacking the hindtibial hair-pencil which is developed in that species.

SuBFAM. STERRHINAE.
Semaeopus H.-8ch.

Semaeopus H.-Sch., Samml. Aussereur. Sehmett. i. (pt. 13-17. fig. 327. 1855. indescr.) pp. 25, 36

(1856).
Cnemodes Guen., S-pec, Oin. Lep. x. 5 (1858).
Issa Walk., Joxtrn. Linn. Soc. ix. 198 (18G7).
Dichromatopodia Warr., Nov. Zool. ii. 94 (1895).
Dysephyra Warr., Nov. Zool. ii. 94 (1895).
Heterephyra Warr., Nov. Zool. ii. 95 (1895).
Cliarommataea Hulst., Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxiii. 302 (1896).
Xenosligma Warr., Nov. Zool. vii. 165 (1900).
Paradmeta Warr., Nov. Zool. xiv. 221 (1907).
Parazeuxis Warr.. Nov. Zool. xiv. 221 (1907).
Dasycosymbia Grossbeck, Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc. xx. 283 (1912).

I cannot find any solid basis for generic separation of any of the above,
which have mostly been founded on minor sexual characters or sUght differences
in shape or pattern. Possibly even Trygodes Guen. {Spec. Gen. Lep. ix. 426)
will also have to be merged with them. The o antennae show the finest inter-
gradations from the heavily pectinated to almost simple, cihated. The stalking
of SC of the forewing, which would separate off Dysephyra, is usually (though
not invariably) constant for individual species, but would in any case j'ield
rather unnatural groupings, as it occurs not only in a sprinkling of siDecies with
the Dysephyra-Heterephyra facies (jiistata Walk., ruhida Warr., ella Hulst — the
type of Charommataea — etc.), but also in ^^ Parazeuxis" puntigera Dogn., in
Semaeopus incolorata Warr., oenopodiata Guen., and trygoduln Warr. (Nov. Zool.
xi. ."Se, as Craspedia).

8. Semaeopus semicaeca spec. nov.

(J, 34-36 mm. Head and body mostly concolorous with \\ings ; vertex
and base of antenna darkened ; palpus rather short, somewhat reddtned on
outer side, pale beneath. Antennal pectinations fine and rudimentarj-, sur-
mounted by moderate tufts of cilia. Hindleg with strong pencil of hair from
femoro-tibial joints and strong red and white tufts on tibia and tarsus.

NOVITATEa ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 19ll 379

Forewing with SC from cell, R' from before middle of DC ; vinaceous buff,
with verj^ fine oHve-grey irroration ; costal edge very finely tufous ; markings
nearly as in viridiphga Walk., but with the cell-spot sharp, not elongate, the
median hne not succeeded by a dark shade, sinuosities of postmedian rather

less deep. Hindwing with minute white, finely black-edged cell-spot ; median

line farther beyond it than in vtridipkiga, slightly curved or bent about M'.

Forewing beneath pale at base and especially along hindmargin ; costal
edge proximally more broadly red than above ; cell-spot and the two Unes
beyond present. Hind\ving beneath pale as far as the postmedian line ; costal
edge tinged vnth red ; median line indicated anteriorly ; a small dark cell-dot
and postmedian line present.

Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, August— October 1907 (W.
Hoffmanns). 6 <J(J in coll. Tring Museum.

9. Semaeopus ladrilla fiavicans subsp. nov.

(J ?, 34-35 mm. Smaller than I. ladrilla Dogn. {Ami. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxvii.
161= illimitata Warr., Nov. Zool. vii. 156), and essentially different in the
colour, both of body and wings, which is yellowish clay-colour above, buff
beneath.

North Venezuela : San Esteban. Type ? and others in coll. Tring Museum.
Also from Las Quiguas, in the same district (coll. Brit. Mus. et coll. L. B.
Prout).

Without knowledge of the local conditions, it is useless to attempt to
account for the occurrence of this modification of so widely distributed a species
in so restricted an area, and we are perhaps deahng with a separate species ;
but the agreement, except in size and colour, seems exact, and I have preferred
to regard the distinction as racial only.

10. Semaeopus euthyoria spec nov.

(J, 28 mm. Face mixed with black. Palpus blackish, beneath ochreous.
Vertex and base of antenna strongly mixed with red ; antennal cihation scarcely
as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax and base of abdomen above concolorous
with wings ; anal end and underside pale.

Foreu'ing with apex rather blunt, termen curved, httle obhque anteriorly ;
SC from cell ; saturn-orange (really orange with thick red irroration^ ; costal
edge narrowly dark fuscous or blackish ; Unes dull dark reddish ; antemedian
from beyond one-fourth costa to before one-third hindmargin, slender, gently
curved ; median firm, only very sUghtly curved, well beyond cell-mark ; post-
median from within 3 mm. of apex to 1 mm. from tornus, rather slender, rather
deeply lunulate-dentate, between the radials somewhat sinuate inward, the
tooth outward at R' very sUght, those at R' and M' rather approximated to
the termen ; cell-dot small, white, finely red-ringed ; terminal hne red, inter-
rupted by orange-yellow dots at the veins, slightly thickened between ; fringe

red, with a fine yellow hne at base and an ill-defined one beyond middle.'

Hindwing with termen full, rounded ; as forewing, but without antemedian line.

Underside paler yellowish, with hindmargin of forewng whitish, the fore-
wing mostly, the hindwing between postmedian hne and termen and more

380 ^JOVITATES ZOOLOUICAE XXIV. 19l7.

faintly in costal region, flushed v>iih red ; cell-dots greyish, not verj' sharp ;
median and posfniedian lines well developed.

C'alama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, August — October 1907 (W.
Hoffmanns). 2 J (J in coll. Tring Museum.

Very distinct in the conspicuous, almost straight median line.

11. Semaeopus dorsiomata spec. nov.

(J, 28 mm. Face blackish, paler below. Palpus with third joint minute ;
red mixed with black, narrowl}' whitish beneath. Vertex and base of antennal
shaft reddish ; antennal ciliation even, about as long as diameter of shaft.
Thorax and abdomen above deep salm&n-buff, the second — fifth abdominal
tergites each with a white, irregularly blackish-margined central spot ; beneath
pale. Hindleg short, the tibia and tarsus thickened, together httle hjnger than
the femur, whitish ; a long pencil of buff hair from femoro-tibial joint, a whiter
tuft from end of tibia above the tarsus, reaching the end of the latter.

Wings shaped as in the preceding species.

ForeiL'ing with SC- from cell ; deep salmon-buff (buff with dense reddish
irroration) ; lines not very sharply expressed ; antemcdian frcm one-fourth
eosta, obUque outward, angulated in cell, then straightish (slightly wavy) to
one-third hindmargin ; median and postmedian lunulate-dcntate, parallel,
about equidistant from one another, from the cell-mark and from the termen,
somewhat bent outward (and with longer teeth — especially the postmedian) at
R' and M' ; cell-mark rather long and narrow, reddish ; terminal dark Une

interrupted at the veins. Hindwing with a few scattered black dots except

in distal area ; no antemedian line ; cell-mark broken into two black spots,
that on DC- the larger ; distal half marked as on forewing.

Underside much paler, especially the posterior part of forewing and whole
hindwing ; markings feebly reproduced, the cell-mark of hindwing obsolescent
but not interrupted.

Goyaz (towii), January 1906 (G. A. Baer). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

12. Semaeopus luridata subrugosa s\ibsp. nov.

cj, 26 mm. Shghtly shorter-winged than I. luridata Warr. (Nov. ZoOL.
xiv. 219), from S.E. Peru. Above otherwise scarcely distinguishable, the outer
line of the forewing not so deeply inbent, the dark terminal blotch between the
radials consequently less elongate proximally. Hindwing beneath, except a
pale distal border of 2 mm. width, covered with rough orange-rufous scaUng.

Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, August — October 1907 (W.
Hoffmanns). 2 (Jo in coll. Tring Museum.

13. Semaeopus hypoderis spec. nov.

cf, 35 mm. Face and palpus rufous, mixed with blackish ; palpus pale
ochreous beneath, third joint quite short. Vertex cream-colour; occiput nar-
rowly reddish. Antennal eihation scarcely fasciculate, not longer than diameter
of shaft. Patagia and base of tegula cream-colour, spotted with red ; thorax
and abdomen above otherwise mostly dull dark brown, with a shght oUve

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 191 7. "JOl

tinge, a few cream-coloured spots on metathorax and base of abdomen. Under-
side and legs pale, the foreleg reddened on inner side ; hindtibia with strong
tufts and a single spur ; hindtarsus thickened, abbreviated, stronglj' tufted.

Forewing fairly broad, termen curved ; SC" from cell ; cream-colour, with
rufous irroration. but mostly occupied by the extended dark, oUve-tinted brown
markings ; a costal spot and one or two irregular hues near base ; a broad band
(averaging nearly 4 mm.) before middle, its proximal edge oblique inward and
somewhat sinuous, its distal touching the cell-mark, incui-ved behind cell, some-
what oblique outward to hindmargin beyond middle ; a red subcostal spot in
middle of this band ; cell-mark elongate, of the ground-colour but dark-edged
its proximal edge on DC'"', slightly incurved, its distal tridentate (on the radials) ;
a broad (4-5 mm.) distal border, bounded proximally by a chain of whitish,
rufous-edged spots, which is sUghtly incurved between the radials and outbent
between R' and M' ; a moderately large subapical patch of the ground-colour
bounded behind by R' and a second (submarginal) from before JI' to behind
M% each of these patches followed at distal margin by a pair of small spots ;
terminal line at these points rufous ; fringe strongly dark-spotted. Hind-
wing with termen subcrenulate, SC very shortly stalked ; almost entirely dark-
clouded, the ground-colour only showing in a very small basal patch and an
elongate subtornal one which crosses M' and is accompanied at distal margin
by three small pale spots ; on the dark area stand two black discal dots,
a strongly curved blackish central line and a very indistinct postmedian, edged
distally by a few reddish scales, shghtly sinuous anteriorly and forming a
sharp outward angle behind R*.

Both wings beneath buff to buff-yellow, with weak rufous irroration, the
dark markings chocolate, on forewing nearly as above, but with the proximal
band fading out behind cell (the posterior region shiny pale grey), on hindwing
confined to a subbasal patch and a broad terminal band from apex nearly to
R' ; both wings showing in addition well-developed crenulate median and post-
median hnes, the former strongly outbent well beyond the cell.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3,100 ft., December 1905, wet season
(G. R. Ockenden). Type in coll. Tring Museum. Near commaculata Warr.
(Nov. ZooL. iv. 435).

14. Semaeopus catamompha spec. nov.

(J, 27-28 mm. Much smaller and decidedly paler than the preceding.
Face and palpus mostly pale. Thorax above not or scarcely darkened.

Forewing with the antemodian dark band narrower and ill-defined ; cell-
mark quite dift'erent, consisting of a pair of black dots, as on hindwing ; a
median fine, strongly incurved, well beyond (as on underside) ; distal border
narrower, interrupted at the medians, the whitish proximal spots before and
behind M' enlarged (especially the former), the subapical distal patch reaching
R', consequently accompanied at termen by three pale spots.

Underside with the cloudings quite weak and restricted, the subbasal of
hindwing virtually wanting.

Buenavista, E. BoUvia, 750 m., July — October 1906, type, August 1906 —
April 1907, paratype (Steinbach). In coll, Tring Museum.

382 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

15. Semaeopus geminilinea spec. nov.

<S, 22-24 mm. Similar to mitranaria Wallc. (List Lef. Ins. xx. 241).

Forexohxg darker, the irroration being much stronger and mixed, especially
in anterior region, with grey ; costal edge partly blackened ; veins partly
darkened ; median line stronger, followed distally (at '5 mm.) by a second,
similarly formed line ; the oblique subapical hne (from eosta to termen at R')

accompanied distally by some grey shading. Hinchving strongly shaded in

middle \\ith whitish pearl-grey ; tornal patch of ground-colour much less sharply
defined, being shaded — especially at tornus — with grey, the hne which bounds
it proximaUy rather strongly dentate.

Underside darker than in mitranaria. median hne of hindwing much more
proximally placed (close to cell-mark).

Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, Augu.st — October 1907 (W.
Hoffmanns). 2 $$ in coll. Tring Museum. Also an old and damaged cJ merely
labelled " S. America."

16. Semaeopus plumbeostrota spec. nov.

Heterephyra plumbeostrota Warr., MS.

(J ?, 27-30 mm. Larger than geminilinea Prout.

Forewing broader, with distal margin more strongly curved ; markings
similar, including the geminate median line ; antemedian hne angulated on M ;
cell-mark less obUque than in mitranaria and geminilinea ; a similar mark with-
in the cell ; the space between these, together with the entire posterior half of
wing from the antemedian to the postmedian line occupied by a violaceous-
plumbeous suffusion ; tornus and subapical band similarly suffused. Hind-

loing without the whitish pearl-grey shading, thus coloured more as in mitranaria,
but with the ill-defined distal area of geminilinea ; distal edge of basal patch
more curved than in either of the aUies, tornal patch broader.

Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, April 1905, ^ type. May

1905, $ ; San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1909, $ ; Fontc Boa, Amazons, August

1906, 9. All in coll. Tring Museum, collected by S. M. Klages. Also a ? from
Rio Chucurras, Rio Palcazu, E. Peru, 320 m. (W. Hoffmanns) in the same
collection.

17. Semaeopus exypna spec. nov.

(J, 32 mm. Face black on upper half, pale fawn-colour on lower. Palpus
with third joint very short ; black, beneath pale fawn-colour. Antenna pec-
tinate, the branches mostly over twice diameter of shaft. Thorax, abdomen,
and legs fawn-colour ; fore-femur and tibia blackened on inner side ; hindleg
with very long pencil of pale, shghtly ochreous-mixed hair, reaching almost to
end of tarsus, tibia and proximal part of tarsus dilated and thickly clothed, the
slender exposed end of tarsus extremely short.

Forewing with termen waved, more obUque in posterior part than in
anterior ; SC arising well before end of cell ; fawn-colour, with very fine and
inconspicuous darker irroration ; antemedian and median lines rather weak,
irregularly crenulate ; antemedian obUque outward from beyond one-fourth
costa, marked with a dark dot on crossing SC (at base of SC), with a pronounced

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 383

double projection in cell, then oblique inward to about one-third hindmargin ;
median from nearly three-fourths costa to five-ninths hindmargin, slightly in-
curved between the radials and again between M' and SW ; postmedian Mne
blacker, near termen, exceedingly slender, deeply — though not acutely — den-
tate, the outward teeth {on the veins) sUghtly thickened, the inward (in the
cellules) partly marked with black dots, especially those before R' and before
R', which are deeper than the others ; cell-dot small, inconspicuous, brownish ;
terminal line very fine, brovraish, marked with shghtly elongate (or subtri-
angular) dots between the veins ; fringe with minute dark dots opposite the

veins. Himhving with termen crenulate, slightly toothed at R' ; lines of

forewing continued, the antemedian near the base, the median little beyond
middle of wing ; cell-spot rather large, black, white-pupilled.

Forewing beneath sUghtly smoky in proximal part., first line wanting ;
ceU-spot grey, larger and more conspicuous than above ; markings beyond it
nearly as above. Hindwing beneath paler ; first fine wanting, median weak,
the rest nearly as above.

Pozuzo, Huanuco, E. Peru. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

18. Semaeopus rubida orbistigma subsp. nov.

S, 34-38 mm. Larger than r. rubida Warr. (Nov. ZoOL. iv. 439), from
Venezuela, strongly marked.

Forewing with the cell-mark enlarged into a round or broad-oval black
ring, whitish grey in centre ; postmedian Une rather more bent, on both wings
more strongly thickened at hindmargin.

Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, E. Peru (E. Boettger). Type and others
in coll. Tring Museum ; paratyjje in coll. L. B. Prout. Also from Cushi, prov.
Huanuco ; Santo Domingo, Carabaya ; Chulumani, Bolivia.

19. Semaeopus vestita spec. nov.

(J ?, 30-32 mm. Face dull reddish, somewhat mixed with grey. Palpus
dull reddish, beneath pale ochreous ; third joint minute, darkened. Crown
mostly yellow- whitish, narrowly red between antennae. Antennal joints in
(3 scarcely projecting ; ciliation scarcely longer than diameter of shaft. Thorax
and abdomen reddish above, more ochreous beneath. Hindleg in S similarly
clothed to that of caecaria Hb. ( = punctata Stoll, nom. praeocc).

Forewing with SC- arising from stalk of 8C"-' ; vinaceous cinnamon, shghtly
shaded over in parts with oUve-grey ; Unes grey, not very sharp ; antemedian
from just beyond one-fourth costa, rather oblique outward, curved in cell, then
mainly vertical, but somewhat sinuous, to one-third hindmargin ; median well
beyond cell, bent outward at R' ( — M'), rather strongly inbent in submedian
area ; postmedian from about three-fourths costa, dentate outward on the
veins (the extremities of the teeth slightly thickened), incurved between M'
and iSM^ somewhat approaching termen at SM* ; cell-dot small, white, with
sHght grey circumscription ; termen with dark reddish dashes between the
veins and minute pale dots at vein-ends ; fringe wth a very fine pale line at

base. Hiruliving similar, with first line wanting, cell-dot rather more distinctly

dark -edged.

Forewing beneath pale reddish, at costal margin brighter and more ochreous,

384 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

at hindmargin nearl3- to tornus whitish ; markings of upperside (except first
Hne) present, not strong. Hindwing beneath more yellowish, with costal edge
brigliter ochreous and distal area concoloroiis with underside of forewing ; cell-
dot and postmedian line indicated in grey.

Venezuela : San Esteban, June 1909 (S. M. Klages) ; type S ; Cucuta,
paratype ? ; both in coll. Tring Museum. A worn o from Fonte Boa, Upper
Amazon, June 1910 (S. M. Klages) seems also to belong here.

In some respects similar to Anisodes nudaria Guen. (Spec. Gen. Lip. ix.
417 ; Obcrtli., Et. Lip. xii. t. 396. f. 3361), under which name I gather it has
stood, with a query, in the Dognin collection. Few structural clues were given
for that species, but it would seem to be evidently a true Anisodes ; in no
Semaeopus could the 3 hindtibia possibly be described as " naked." The name
vestitn has been adopted, not because of anything exceptional (for this genus)
in the clothing, but in contradistinction to nudaria.

20. Semaeopus vestita asymphora subsp. nov.

(J ?, 33-34 mm. Face blackish. Wings less red than in v. vestita Prout
(supra), of an almost uniform fawn-colour, without the grey cloudings ; post-
median line and generally the median finer ; hindwing beneath nearly con-
colorous with forewing, median Une present.

Tinguri, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 3,400 ft., January 1905, wet season (G. R.
Ockenden), type in coll. Tring Museum ; August 1904, dry season, 2 ??. Huanca-
bamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger), La Oroya, Carabaya, December 1905
(G. R. Ockenden), also in coll. Tring Museum. Yahuarmayo, S. Peru, 1,200 ft.,
April 1912, in coll. British Museum.

Possibly a separate species — forewing slightly blunter at apex, etc.

As ab. (?) punctulifera (spec. div. ?) I describe a rather puzzUng form
which is also distributed in Peru, with coloration intermec.iate towards that
of V. vestita, postmedian hne of both wings on the whole witli shallower lunules,
but these almost obsolete, hlack dots at the extremities of the teeth, on the other
hand, developed above and beneath. As the antennal shaft looks shghtly
thicker, the joints more projecting, the ciliation shghtly longer, I suspect this
may prove a separate species, but the differences are so intangible that it will
require further research to satisfy me I may not have been deceived.

Yahuarmayo, S. Peru, 1,200 ft., April 1912, type in coll. L. B. Prout ;
Pozuzo, E. Peru, in coll. L. B. Prout ; Chaquimayo, S. Peru, in coll. British
Museum.

21. Semaeopus tergilinea spec. nov.

(J, 25 mm. Head and bodj' concolorous with wings, face more mixed with
rufous, palpus and collar with ochreous. Structure of the sigillata group
(Dichromatopodia \A'arr.) ; hindtibia with the inner tuft purple-red. Abdomen
with a fine, clear fawn-coloured mediodorsal hne, the rest of the dorsal surface
rather strong!}' irrorated.

Forewing pale fawn-colour, with minute, rather inconspicuous greyer
irroration ; a narrow ceU-mark, covering the entire length of DC'"', and two
almost straight hues free from irroration, shghtly tinged with buff ; first line
from SC before one-third, obhque to hindmargin beyond two-fifths ; post-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 385

median just beyond three-fourths, slightly less oblique than termen ; a fine
dark terminal line, sUghtly interrupted at the veins, accompanied proximally

by an equally fine pale line. Hindwing not bent at R' ; first line wanting ;

cell-mark as on forewing ; postmedian line curved parallel with termen.

Underside much paler, markings scarcely indicated, costal margin of fore-
wing sUghtly reddish, extreme edge more ochreous.

San Estcban, N. Venezuela, June 1909 (S. M. Klages), 3 cJcJ in coll. Tring
Museum. Buenavista, E. Bolivia, 750 m., August 1906— -April 1907 (Steinbach).
Distinguishable at a glance by its colour and abdominal line.

22. Semaeopus {'.) purpureoplaga spec. nov.

(J, 30 mm. Face red, above and for a distance down the middle dark brown.
Palpus ochreous mixed with red, a dark mark on second joint. Antenna not
dentate, ciUation longer than diameter of shaft. Vertex, thorax, and abdomen
buff, the collar and pectus, fore- and middle-legs marked with red. Hindtibia
moderately long, with hair-jjencil, the upperside shghtly fringed ; tarsus strongly
abbreviated.

Forewing wth costa arched ; SC" from cell, R- not noticeably before
middle of DC ; buff or pinkish butt', proximally vinaceous buff ; Hues rather fine,
raw sienna or inchning to ochreous, not reaching costa ; antemedian indistinct,
arising in cell, incurved behind ; median excurved beyond cell-dot, incui-ved and
thickened behind ; postmedian irregularly lunulate-dentate, forming a moder-
ately strong proximal curve from behind R= to behind M= ; cell-dot strong, black ;
some confluent greyish-pui-ple blotches shortly beyond the postmedian, that
between the radials small, one between R' and M* and one from fold to tornus

large ; terminal hue purple, interrupted at the veins. Hindtcing with termen

little convex, rather recalling the shape of a Leptoclenopsis ; SC separate ; first
line wanting ; median shade crossing (and thickened around) the cell-mark ;
postmedian similar to that of forewing ; purple blotches smaller and weaker ;
cell-dot white, shghtly elongate, very finely black-edged.

Underside wthout markings ; forewing largely tawny or tawny-ochreous,
its distal and hindmargin, with the whole of the hindwing, paler and more
pinkish.

"Brazil" (? Amazons). An old specimen in coll. Tring Museum.

The shape and the hindleg more suggest a Somatina than a normal Semaeopus.

23. Trygodes basisignata spec. nov.

?, 31 mm. Palpus with second joint reaching well beyond frons, third joint
long. Antennal ciUation one-half as long as diameter of shaft. General colora-
tion as in pliysciata Feld. (Reise Novara, Lep. Hep. t. 128. f. 8) or niobe Druce,
occiput spotted wth blackish.

Forewing with a small, blackish-green spot at extreme base just in front
of M, closely followed by two others (in front of and behind base of cell) ; lines
distinct, grey, olive-mixed ; antemedian extremely obUque outward subcostally
(almost parallel with costa), from SC into cell nearly vertical but shghtly den-
tate, obUque inward to M, nearly straight to hindmargin at two-sevenths ; a
conglomeration of ohve-green central spots, narrowly separated by DC' — R'
and by DC-"' ; anterior spot (between SC and DC — R') wedge-shaped, those

386 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

in and out.iidc the cell boot-shaped, the feet j)ointing in opposite directions
(inward between cell-fold and M, outward between R' and R') ; a rather large
roundish spot between fSM' and base of M- ; postmedian and subterminal hnes
lunula te-dentate, their course nearly as in niobe but with the bends exaggerated,
the space between them somewhat pale ; distal area shaded ^^^th reddish gre}-,
especially between the radials and at tornus ; some small pale spots at termen
itself, well developed at apex ; terminal hne and fringe as in niobe. Hind-
wing without basal spots and first hne ; cell-patch recalhng that of physciata,
but more hke an animal's head, the neck (between M and SM°) narrower, the
anterior part (at SC) broken into short ears.

Underside quite similar to that of physciata.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3,100 ft., December 1905, wet season
(G. R. Oekcnden). Type in coU. Tring Museum.

24. Trygodes viridiplena spec. nov.

<J ?, 42-47 mm. Face hght reddish bro\\n, with a variable admixture of
darker scales in middle. Palpus with second joint scarcely reaching beyond
face, third joint moderate, slightly longer in ? than in o ; reddish above,
ochreous-whitish beneath. Vertex mixed with pink, occiput with oUvaceous.
Antenna in 5 scarcely dentate, ^;^•ith cihation httle longer than diameter of shaft ;
in $ with ciliation over one-half diameter of shaft. Collar and front of thorax
mixed with ochrcous and strongl}' spotted with black ; thorax above otherwise
vinaceous pink with a shght purple tinge and with sparse and minute black dots ;
abdomen above more reddish ; both beneath more or less ochreous ; tufts of
coxae and hindtibia variegated, as in the alhes.

Forewing with the terminal teeth rather strong ; fleshy whitish, along the
costal margin brighter pink ; some shght, irregular dark marks at base ; a large
green patch in end of cell (quadrate or even more extended longitudinally than
transversely), only narrowly separated by DC from a large quadripartite one
beyond (extending from SC to JM') and ])y M from a supplementary spot between
base of M' and Jl- ; a very large green patch on hindmargin, separated from the
last-named only by M=, its proximal part reaching nearly to base and entering
the cell, its distal boundary rather beyond middle of wing ; an olive-brownish
postmedian hne close beyond the green patches, formed about as in physciata
Feld. ; subtcrminal line farther from the termen than in any of the other species,
deeply lunulate-dentate and irregular, the inward curve between the radials
generally deep, always marked with black at the proximal extremities of these
lunules and generally of some of the others ; a broad (between SC* and SO*
narrowed), strongly dentate-edged band beyond this, the teeth on R' and R'
reaching the termen ; pale terminal area very shghtly dusted and with the

veins brown ; terminal hne black, thickened between the veins. Hindwing

with the green patches in and beyond the cell corresponding to those of the
forewing ; the hinder patch also large, but prolonged distally, its proximal edge
curving outward till it reaches .SM', along which it runs to near tornus, its distal
edge bending abruptly at M=, along which it runs for over 3 mm., again bending
abruptly to join the proximal (posterior) edge near tornus ; a fawn-coloured
shade between the green patches and costa ; outer part nearly as on forewing,
the fawn-coloured shade beyond subterminal hne narrower.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 387

Underside with similar but more sombre (dark grey) markings.

San Esteban, N. Venezuela, June — August 1909 (S. M. Klages). 8 <J(J, 2 ??
in coll. Tring Museum.

A slight modification of this species, with the green patch beyond the cell
broken into four separate wedges, is figured by Lruce {Biol. Cintr. Amer., Lej).
Het. ii. t. 51. f. 6, 7) from Chiriqui as " musivaria H. S."

25. Trygodes niobe desolata subsp. nov.

(J 9. Rather browner (less pinkish) than n. niobe Druce (Biol. Centr. Amer.,
Lep. Het. ii. 106. t. 51. f. 9, 10) ; all the spots small, very pale green.

Venezuela : San Esteban, July 1909 (S. M. Klages), 3 cJo, including type ;
June 1909, 1 ? ; Valencia, 1 ?. All in coll. Tring Museum.

T. niobe niobe is known to me from different localities in Costa Rica and
Peru, and will presumably be found in Colombia and Ecuador.

26. Tricentra allotmeta spec. nov.

(J 9, 19-21 mm. Very close to T. airnaria H.-Sch. {Samml. Au.ssereur.
Schmett. i. fig. 194 = laciniata Warr., Nov. Zool. xiv. 223, syn. nov.).

Forexving with costal and distal areas more clouded with grey ; subtcrminal
yellow Une finer, placed a little farther from the termen, the interneural yellow

dashes which run in from the termen longer. Hindwing with the yellow line

quite differently placed, bending rather sharply at R' and thence running
straight across the wing to hindmargin 2 mm. from tornus ; distal area as on
fore wing.

Underside with distal area less clear, showing traces of (or even a moder-
ately well developed) pinkish cloud dowii its centre.

Carabaj'a, S.E. Peru : Rio Huacamayo, 3,100 ft., June 1904, dry season,
type (J; La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 3,100 ft., November — December 1905, wet
season, 2 SS, January 1906, wet season, 1 $. All in coll. Tring Museum, col-
lected by G. R. Ockcnden.

I do not think this can be a mere aberration of mrnaria, as there is no sign
of intermediates ; nor is it likely to be a seasonal form, though the only two
La Oroya carnaria wliich I have seen were taken at other periods of the year —
September 1904, dry season, and March 1905, wet season.

27. Tricentra devigescens spec. nov.

<J, 16 mm. Face light yellowish grey. Vertex and uppersidc of thorax
and abdomen concolorous with wings ; underside much paler and more ochreous.
Hindtibia with the proximal spur less long than in most species.

Forewing light seal-brown, inchning to grey ; apical region cream-colour,
with shght dark dusting, at costal edge rather more ochreous ; the boundary-
Hne between the two colour areas is somewhat lunulatc-dentate and runs from
before two-thirds costa fairly straight to termen behind M' ; small white dots
on DC- and DC ; fringe cream-colour, dark-spotted opposite the veins in pos-
terior part. Hindwing with termen sHghtly sinuate, at least between the

radials and at tornus ; ground-colour and discal dots as on forewing ; no apical
patch ; a lunula te-dentate cream-coloured submarginal line within 1 mm. of

388 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

termen, inbent between the radials and bcliind i\P ; fringe dark-spotted
throughout.

Underside with distal area of hindwing pale from subterminal line to termen,
forewing more a.s above.

Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewj'm Valley, Surinam, April 1905 (S. M. Klages).
Tj'pe in coll. Tring Museum. A second example from La Union, Rio Huacamayo,
Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 2,000 ft., November 1904, wet sea.son (G. R. Ockenden),
is slightly larger.

28. Tricentra flavifigurata spec. nov.

S, 19-20 mm. Face pale straw-colour, spotted with umber ; palpus pale
beneath. Vertex and thorax and abdomen above vinaceous, mixed -with
umber ; underside straw-colour.

Forewing with termen very sUghtly concave anteriorly to M', here pro-
minent, thence very oblique ; vinaceous, here and there with umbreous cloud-
ings, in distal part with some yellow admixture, giving it a vaguely oUvaceous
tinge ; a thick, but not sharply defined, burnt-umber line from beyond one-
fourth costa to beyond one-third hindmargin, strongl}' outbent in middle ; an
elongate naples-yellow cell-mark, thickening at its posterior end ; a dark costal
spot just beyond, indicating the commencement of a very weak, dentate line ;
a dentate yellow subterminal line, commencing at about five-sevenths costa
(here accompanied proximally by a slight dark spot), very oblique outward to
R', slightly so to R', thence rather close to termen ; a strong dark dot on fold
proximally to the subterminal line ; fringe yellow, with a strong dark dot oppo-
site M'. Hindwing with termen faintly waved, very slightly concave between

the radials ; vinaceous, mixed with umber in proximal half (especially at base),
with yellow distally to the subterminal hne ; a large, complex naples-yellow
patch in middle, namely an 8-shaped mark just outside the cell confluent in its
posterior half with a large patch in and just behind the distal half of the cell
a.nd proximally projecting a little into the anterior half thereof ; on this patch
stand in places some minute dark irrorations. particularly in the anterior half
of the 8-shapcd mark ; subterminal yellow line more nearly parallel with termen
(at nearly 1 mm. distant), rather deeply inbent between the radials.

Forewing beneath somewhat vinaceous, at costa rodder, at base and hind-
margin pale, cell-mark eream-colour ; distal border for 1 or 2 mm. (most broadly
at apex, most narrowly in middle) cream-colour, from R' to hindmargin separated
from ground-colour by a smoky band ; a spot on fringe as above. Hindwing
beneath mostly cream-colour, a complete smoky band continuing that of fore-
wing.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Carabaya. S.H Peru, 3,100 ft., November —
December 1905, wet season (G. R. Ockenden). Type in coll. Tring Museum.
Also from Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3,100 ft.. June 1904, dry season.

29. Tricentra citrinaria grisescens subsp. nov.

Both wings with the dark parts of an almost uniform grey, with a slight
purplish tinge, the hindwing entirely without the rufous shades of c. citrinaria
Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 222). The yellow submarginal band on both wings is
broad and pale, sharply defined, though on the hindwing the grey ground-colour
is shghtly mixed with yellow between the middle and this band.

NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 389

Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, May 1906 (S. M. Klages) ; type 3 and an-
other in coll. Tring Museum. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, July; a <?
in coU. L. B. Prout.

30. Ptychopoda combinata spec. nov.

1^ ?, 20-26 mm. Face red-brown, mixed (except below) with blackish.
Palpus ochreous, on outer side mixed with red-brown and black. CrowTi creamy
white, narrowly edged behind with black. Antennal shaft ochreous, the first
few joints white ; ciUation even, scarcely longer than diameter of shaft. Collar
orange. Front of thorax vinaceous, mixed with orange-buff ; thorax and
abdomen otlienvi.se concolorous with \\ings, the abdomen v,ith two or three
blackish medic-dorsal spots, on the middle segments. Hindtibia in S rela-
tively long, dilated, with long hair-pencil from base ; tarsus strongly abbreviated.

Foreunng with areole rather small, all the subcostals well- or long-stalked
from its apex ; dirty white, with salmon-buff and sparse vinaceous and black
irroration ; costal edge narrowly orange-buff ; markings salmon-buff, almost
entirely overlaid with black, consisting of large spots much as in Pt. complexaria
Schaus {Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. 257) ; antemedian spot in cell rather small,
that behind it large, somewhat crescentic, but broad, its convex side turned
towards the base, that at hindmargin .small, obhque ; median series similar,
but the first two larger, the one in (at end of) cell posteriorly confluent with a
narrower extracellular mark, behind which (at base of R' — M' and between the
medians) stand two small lunules ; postmedian fomied abovit as in complexaria,
with rather marked proximal thickening between the radials and between M'
and SM', sUghter thickening between R' and M' and a thick dot or dash at
hindmargin ; beyond (leaving free a rather thick, sinuous pale hne) stands an
irregular row of elongate interncural dark marks between R' and hindmargin,
the first two and last three wedge-shaped, those between R' and M^ larger and
broader ; subterminal line zigzag, white, rather thick, bounded proximally by
these spots ; a rather thick lavender Une at termen ; fringe pinkish proximally,

yellow distally. Hinclwing ample, with termen evenly rounded ; 8C' — R'

quite shortly stalked ; to bej'ond the postmedian Hne white, with rather sparse
irroration, distally more buff, with strong irroration ; a minute but distinct
cell-dot ; Hnes very fine and indistinct, shaped as in fervens Butl. {Tr. Ent. Soc.
Land. 1881, p. 340) ; subterminal line weak and interrupted anteriorly ; terminal
and fringe as on forewing.

Underside whitish, with more or less strongly ochreous veins, costal and
distal margins and fringes, the costal margin of forewing rather broad, more
reddish proximally ; forewing wth the spots showing through in grey and with
the anterior part of an ochreous postmedian Une.

Surinam : Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, July 1905 (type), March
and April 1905 (S. M. Klages) ; French Guiana : St. Jean de Maroni; Upper
Amazon : Fonte Boa, May and July 1906, Codajas, April 1906 (S. M. Klages) ;
aU in coll. Tring Museum.

Strongly recalls complexaria Schaus, in which, however, the termen of the
hindwing is irregularly bent, whereas in the present species it is at least as regular
as in fervens Butl.

26

390 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

31. Ptychopoda xanthodeta spec. nov.

<J, 18 mm. Face dull red. Palpus slender, with terminal joint distinct,
not minute ; blackened on outer side. Crown yellow, irrorated with red.
Antennal shaft partly darkened ; cilia tion very long. Ihorax above deep
yellow ; abdomen above shghtly paler ; underside .still paler. Foreleg long,
femur and tibia blackened on inner side ; hindtibia shghtly shorter than femur,
somewhat thickened, with hair-pencil, tarsus verj- slender, as long as tibia.

Forcwirig rather broad, costa gently arched distally, apex round-pointed,
termen obhque, straight anteriorly, then slightly curved ; areole long, SC aris-
ing before its end ; white, with yellow irroration ; costal margin as far as SC
mostly Uver-coloured, but rather irregularly, with the extreme edge darkened ;
basal region mostly yellow ; hnes thick, yellow, very ill-defined, the postmedian
and two subterminals less so ; postmedian and proximal subterminal parallel,
incurved between the radials, dentate outward on R* and M', shghtly inter-
rupted just behind M' ; distal subterminal close to termen, almost touching it
in places, less thick than the ethers, becoming thinner posteriorly ; fringe mixed
■with yellow, especially anteriorly. Hindwing with termen ver}' slightly con-
cave between the radials, otherwise fairlj- regular ; as forewing, or slightly
clearer, costal margin concolorous.

Forewing beneath with shght reddish-smoky sufiusions anteriorlj% especially
in cell, whitish posteriorly ; two weak, ill-defined, rather thick darker Unes
indicated in distal area between costal margin and M'. Hindwing beneath
whitish, unmarked.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5,800 ft., December 1907 {M. G. Palmer). Type
m coll. L. B. Prout.

32. Ptychopoda calhpepla spec. nov.

(J ?, 12-13 mm. Face and upperside of palpus purphsh. Vertex and base
of antenna more rosy ; antennal joints in S shghtly projecting, Ihe ciliation
very long and fine. Thorax in front cadmium jcHow, behind rosy ; abdomen
above rosy, mixed with dark plum-eolcur, sometimes wholly overlaid with the
latter shade ; anal extremity yellow ; underside paler.

Forewing with SC arising before apex of areole, M' generally stalked ;
yellow, with a spot of deeper yellow at base ; a subbasal pink fascia, more or
less strongly overlaid, except at its edges, with dark plum-colour ; a large,
round-oval subapical patch extending from costa to M', its central part blackish,
mixed with iridescent blue and shghtly with pink (producing a general eii'ect
of dark plum-purple), its circumference geranium pink, the proportion of the

two colours variable. Hindwmg rather narrow and elongate, SC and JP

both stalked ; a moderately broad yellow distal border, shghtly broadest at
apex and extending some distance along costa ; the rest of the wing dark
plum-purple, bordered distally (to a variable width, correlated to the coloration
of the forewing) with geranium pink.

Underside similar, though slightly paler.

Jamaica, August 1898 (W. J. Kaye), type <J, and Moneague, January 20,
1905 (Lord Walsingham), paratype ?, both in coll. British Museum. Also 2 $?,
merely labelled " Jamaica," in coll. Tring Museum.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 391

33. Cyllopoda gibbifrons spec. nov.

(J, 32 mm. ; 9, 37-39 mm. Face (especially in the S) even more strongly
protuberant than in postica Walk. (List. Ley. Ins. ii. 371) ; black above, becom-
ing pale below. Orbital rim white, mixed with a few yellow scales. Palpus the
same, with third joint and part of upperside of second joint blackish ; rather
short, with third joint rather small. Antennal pectinations much shorter than
in postica — less than twice diameter of shaft. Crown black. Thorax and
abdomen above black ; tegula with a yellow spot in front. Breast white, mixed
with j'ellow. Abdomen yellow on side, white beneath. Legs predominantly
grey to blackish ; hindleg in J whitish, the tibia with a pair of very short, very
thick terminal spurs, tarsus at least half as long as tibia.

Foreu'ing with areole double ; bright gamboge-yellow ; the black costal
border in <J 15 mm. broad, in ? 2 mm. ; in addition, a few scattered black scales
behind this and nearly always a blackening of vein M ; the usual black distal
region and enclosed yellow spot, the latter ciuite narrow at C, \videning rather
rapidly, entering the cell, but not deeply, ending at M' ; apical fringe white.

Hindwing with the black border in both sexes on an average a little wider

than in postica, narrowing rather suddenly at tornus.

Underside similar, the distal border of the hindwing in cJ shghtly narrowed.

Venezuela : Suapure, March 1, 1899, type S, February— March 1899, 7 ??
(S. M. Klages) ; Maipures, Orinoco, December 1898, 1 <J (Cherrie). All in coll.
Tring Museum.

In posiiui Walk., apart from the above-mentioned distinctions, the black
distal border of the forewing bends obUquelj' inward at hindmargin, which is
not, or scarcely, the case in gihhifrons. Like postica Walk., latiflava Warr. (Nov.
ZooL. xii. 312), and a few others, this species is intermediate between true
Cyllopoda and Flavinia *), agreeing with the former in the double areole, with
the latter in the less elongate palpus. Perhaps all form a single genus ; com-
pare variability of areole in the following species.

34. Cyllopoda expansifascia spec. nov.

(J, 39 mm. Similar to latiflava Warr. (Nov. Zool. xii. 312). Palpus, as in
that species, with third joint rather short. Antennal pectinations shorter than
in latiflava — scarcely twice diameter of shaft. Hindtibia with strong ochreous
tufts. Abdomen beneath yellowish white.

Forewing with areole generall}' double ; coloration as in latiflava ; the black
posterior border proximally reaching, distally just crossing SM^ ; the j'ellow
proximal patch less triangular than in latiflava, its distal border more oblique,
rounded rather than angled where it meets the costal border at SC, rounded
also at its outer end (between M and SM') ; the transverse black band in conse-
quence expanding strongly, though gradually, anteriorly and rather abruptly

posteriorly ; distal yellow patch moderately broad. Hindiving with the

black distal border slightly broader than in latiflava, above extending a little
way along costal margin, beneath running narrowly along this margin halfway
to base ; abdominal margin above and beneath narrowly black in distal half

• Flavinia Walk., Liet. Lep. Ina. ii. 369(1854), = Alyria (Hb. Zutr. ii. 31, indeecr.) H.-Sch ,
Samml. Aueeereur. Schmtll. i. 19 (1856).

392 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

(in latifiava only the fringe is here blackened) ; SC usually blackened at base,
at least beneath.

Bolivia : Charaplaya, 65° W. long., 16° S. lat., 1,300 m., June 1901 (Simons).
Type in coll. Tring Museum. Also from Peru : San Remon, 3,000 ft., June —
August 1903 ; Rio Colorado, 2,500 ft., July— August 1903 (Watkins and Tcm-
linson), in coll. British Museum et coll. Joicey.

In two San Remon examples the areole is broad, undivided. C. breviplaga
Dogn. (Anil. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1. 108). if I have rightly determined a 3 from
Charape, N. Peru (in it I should not call the black border of hindwing " broad "),
has the proximal yellow patch of forewing shorter and not entering the cell,
SC of hinchving not blackened at base, antennal pectinations rather less short
and stout (areole double).

35. Cyllopoda nigrivena spec. nov.

?, 39-42 mm. Face black. Palpus with second just reaching about to
irons, third joint moderate, rather robust ; black, first joint beneath whitish.
Cheek white. Vertex black. Thorax and abdomen mostly black or blackish ;
tegula with a yeUow line or narrow streak from base ; pectus marked with
yellow ; abdomen with a yellow lateral stripe.

Forewing moderately broad, with apex moderately rounded ; areole double ;
yellow, with rather broad black borders and black band from tornus to mid-

costa ; vein M black. Hindiving with moderately broad costal and distal

borders and a narrower, proximal!}' tapering abdominal border, which does not
reach the base.

Underside similar ; posterior border of forewing grey rather than black,
median vein only dusted with black ; the extreme costal margin of hindwing
from base to middle usually j-ellow.

Brazil: Novo Friborgo, tj'pe ; " Tipuca " (? Tijuca). In coll. Tring
Museum.

I at first took this for an aberration of diibia Schaus (Proc. Zool. Soc. Land.
1892, p. 286), but that has the areole single; moreover, the costal yellow edge
of hindwing beneath is much reduced or wanting and the palpus appears
somewhat stouter.

SuBFAM. LARENTIINAE.
36. Eois hyriaria (Warr.).

Psilocamhogia hyriaria Warr., Nov. Zool. i. 39G (1894).

As often occurs in Warren's earlier work, the type-specimen is not indicated
in the published account The type label, however, is affixed to the ?, and as
this alone bears a locahty label (St. George's [? British Guiana], November 1891,
C. W. Ellacombe), this is the best selection. According to Warren's manuscript,
the species sinks to conlractcda Walk. (List. Lep. Ins. xxii. 671), from the
Amazons. I have not yet made a critical comparison, but see nothing against
the union.

The generic name Eois Hb. belongs to the few South American species of
the Camhogia group with non-pectinate S antenna ; should the distinction, as
I fear, prove to be subgeneric only, Guende's weU-knowii name of Camhogia will
have to sink.

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXIV. 1917. 393

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO MR. CHARLES OBERTHtJR'S
FAUNE DBS LEPIDOPTERES DE LA BARBARIE, WITH
LISTS OF THE SPECIMENS CONTAINED IN THE TRING
MUSEUM.

{Continued from p. 373.)
By LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.

DREFANIDAi:.

[Drepana binaria (Hufn,).

MR. OBERTHUR, while stating that hinaria uncinida Borkh. is not only
found in Algeria but also in the south of Europe, seems to hint that in
Mauretania the form uncinula and its extreme ora?iaJta Strand with intermediates
are all that occur. The Tring Museum possesses 29 Mauretanian examples and
not a single one is uncinula.. The example taken by Dr. Jordan and myself at
Guelt-es-Stel is a very large and strongly characterised oranaria ; 1 Guelt-es-
Stel taken by Faroult and 5 taken by him at Ain I raham are pale yellowish
brown ; 2 taken near Alger by ourselves, 2 taken at Tala Rana by Dr. Nissen,
and 3 taken at Ain Draham by Faroult are brownish-cinnamon colour ; while
15 from Ain Draham are more or less intermediate between the two last. This
strong variation in Mauretania would lead me to consider all the forms of
hinaria as simply individual aberrations of a highly variable species, but the
fact remains that the brownish-orange form found in the northern parts of
Europe is apparently absent from the Mediterranean regions, so for the present
I shall retain the southern form as a subspecies under the name of uncin^da.^^

109. Drepana binaria uncinula (Borkh.).

Phalatna uncinula Borkhauscn, Sysl. Bcschr. Europ. Schmett. vol. iii. p. 401 {1790) (Italy).

This insect appears to be rare in Mauretania ; we have only taken three
ourselves.

2 Guelt-es-Stel, April 1912-1913, W. R., K. J., and Faroult.

2 Environs d'Alger, February— May 1908, W. R., E. H., and K. J.

2 Tala Rana, September 1910, Dr. Nissen.

23 Ain Draham, July — August 1911, Faroult.

110. Cilix glaucata glaucata (Scop.).

Phalatna glaucata Scopoli, Entom. Cam. p. 221 (1763) (C'arniolia).

I have no specimens from Mauretania in which the glaucous smear is \\ant-
ing as shown by Mr. Oberthiir.

1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

2 Hammam Meskoutine, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

3 Souk Ahras, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

I mentioned in my introductory notes to the first part of this article that
it was very disconcerting to find in the middle of a Fauna of Barbary the

394 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

descriptions of a number of Thibetan Drejmnidae, but Mr. Oberthiir has gone
further than this and has described a new species of Cilix from Ta-Tsien-Lu
in the text of the paragraph relating to Cilix glaucata.

MEGAZ.OF Y6ID AE .

Dr. Jordan has written a pieliminar}- article on these (Novit. Zool. xxiii.
pp. 350-358 (1916)); and as I hope he will soon be able to write more exhaust-
ively and finallj' on this group, I am leaving them out of this paper. I will
onlj' state that we now have at Tring considerably more than 1,000 (Jo of the
various species of Somdbrachys, and that we see nothing as yet to alter our
opinion that there are only 3 species with a large number of aberrations, and
not, as Mr. Oberthiir believes, at least 18 species and 2 subspecies.

ABCTIIOAE.

Arctianae.

111. Ocnogyna boetica albescens (Oberth.).

Trichosoma boelica ab. atbescenaOheithm, Elud. Lipidop. Comp. Faso. XIII. p. 8. pi. odxxxv. f. 3745
(I9I7) (Larabtee).

It is unfortunate that the name mauretanica given to the Mauretanian form
of this insect is preocoupied, so that Oberthiir's name given to an aberration is
the only available one. The Mauretanian race of 0. boetica is, when a long
series is examined, generally larger and always with the white markings purer
and more pronounced than in the typical Spanish form.

I have 2 Ain Draham specimens which are enormous, fully two-fifths
larger than any Spanish specimens.

76 <JcJ Environs de Batna. 1909-1912, Nelva coll.
1 (J, 2 ?? Sebdou, 1880-1882, Dr. Codet ex coll. Grum-Grshmailo.
1 cJ Boghari, November 1912, Faroult.
6 <J(J, 4 ?$ Hussein Dey, December 1912, Captain Holl.
1 <J, 4 $? Souk Ahras (larvae April 1914, emerged Tring, November 1914),
W. R. and K. J.

In British Museum, 2 o(J, 1 ? "Algiers," Heyne.

112. Ocnogyna adaena mauretanica (Lucas).

Trichosoma mauretanica Lucas, Explor. Scient. d'Alg. Zool. Anim. Art. vol. iii. p. 376. pi. 3. f. 5
(1849) (Cercle de Lacalle).

Fabricius in Mant. Ins. vol. ii. p. )23. No. 130 (1787) described the typical
form of this insect from Spain which was later on called pierreti by Rambur,
Bull. Soc. Ejit. France, 1841, p. xxvii. pi. 5. f. 1 (Andalusia).

The Mauretanian examples fall into 3 subspecies, the above from the coast
and Hants Plateaux east of Alger to Tunis, one from Alger and neighbour-
hood, and one from Djerba Islands, Tunisia.

1 (J Bone, Max Bartel. '

10 (J (J, 2 ?? Mauretania, Staudingcr and Grum-Grshmailo coll.

In the British Museum, 2 Jjj, 1 ?, Bone, Algeria.

XOVITATES ZOOLORICAE XXIV. 1917. 396

113. Ocnogyna adaena huegenini (Oberth.).

Trichosoma huegenini Obsrthiir, Etud. Enlom. liv. iii. p. 42 (1878) (Alger).

This is the Alger form with hardly any marks on the forewing and two
oblique bars on the hindwing which Mr. Oberthiir also called gandolphii. It
is the most constant form.

13 (?,J, 3 ?? Environs d'Alger, Dr. Nissen, Captain Holl.
1 (J Medea, 1884, Dr. Kobelt.

1 S Alger, M. Bartel in the British Museum.

114. Ocnogyna adaena pallida subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from the other forms of adaena in the very pale forewings and
in the pale portions of the hindwings, being greyish white not yellow or orange.
9. Differs in being dirty grey not black.
Hah. Djerba Island, Tunisia.

1 (J, 1 $ Djerba Island.

In the British Museum is 1 o from El Esnam.

[Mr. Oberthiir places brcveti Oberth. next, but as that belongs to another
genus it must follow Ocnogyna].

115. Ocnogyna pudens (Lucas).

Trichosoma piulens'L\ico,%, Ann. Soc. Eiitom. France, ser. iii. vol. i. p. 410. pi. 33. f. 1 (1853) (Spain).

This is a very variable species, the ground-colour varies from deep brown-
grey to bright rufous and the forewings vary from being almost devoid of dark
markings through grades showing a few scattered dark spots to definite discal
bands of spots, and finally to complete dark transverse bands. The Tring
Museum possesses 31 specimens.

1 S Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll.

6 cJ(J "Algiers," Staudinger.

1 (J, 1 ? Environs d'Alger, Captain Holl.

1 $ El Biar, Alger, Captain Holl.

15 <J(J, 4 ?? Blida les Glacieres, April— June 1908-1916, W. R. and K. J.,
Dr. Nissen, Captain Holl, Faroult.

2 iJ<J Hammam R'ihra, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

In the British Museum are Z S,^ : I Algeria, Mrs. do la B. NichoU, 1 Algeria
and 1 Bone, Dr. Vallantin.

110. Ocnogyna leprieuri (Oberth.).

Spiloaoma leprieuri Oberthiir, Etud. EiUom. liv. iii. p. 43. pi. 5. f. 2 (1878) (Bflne).

We have never taken this rare insect, and I have never received it from
any of my Algerian correspondents.

2 (J (J, 1 5 Philippeville, Staudinger.

In the British Museum are 1 o, 1 $ from Philippeville.

396 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1017.

117. Phragmatobia faroulti Rothsch.

Phragmatobia faroulti Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. p. 233. No. 5 (1911) (Bou Saada).
The type specimen, a very perfect (J, has remained unique to the present
day. Mr. Oberthiir omits this entirely from his Faune, as usual, I suppose,
because he considers it non-existent, o^ving to its not having been figured.

1 (3 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.

118. Phragmatobia breveti (Oberth.).

Trichosoma breviti Obprthiir, Bull. Sor.. Entom. France, 1882. p. cisxiv (Tlemoen).

We have taken this ourselves on three occasions ; it is nowhere very com-
mon but appears to be most numerous at Bou Saada. The ? appears to be
unknown.

1 Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R, and E. H.
53 Bou Saada, April 1911, Faroult.

1 Biskra, March 1909, W\ R. and E. H.

2 El Kantara, March 1911, W. R., E. H,, and Faroult.
2 Aflou, September 1916, Faroult.

One of the Bou Saada specimens has the hindwings yellow instead of pink,
and the forewings are suffused with yellow ; I propose the name ab. flava ab.
nov. for it.

In the British Museum is 1 Bou Saada c.x Tring Museum.

119. Phragmatobia powelli (Oberth.).

Trichosoma poiwlli Oberthiir. Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1910. p. 333 (Geryrille).

Mr. Oberthiir, in his Etudes Comparees, Fasc. XIII. p. 9, is now of opinion
that this insect is only an aberration of P. breveti. I have only seen one speci-
men of poiceUi, a S captured by Dr. Nissen at Ain Sefra in May 1913, when we
were there together. It is so unlike any of the 55 specimens I have of breveti
that for the present I prefer to keep it separate.

Mr. Oberthiir considers these three insects and tlic following to belong to
the genus Ocnogyna = Trichosoma ; but their ncuration undoubtcdlj' places
them in PJaagmatobia . The question of the abortive wings of ? powelli I think
we may disregard, as in the genus Cymbalophora, which is a very well charac-
terised and circumscribed genus, pudica, powelli. diva, and oertzeni have $$ with
fully developed wings ; while rivularis and haroldi have ?? with abortive wings.

120. Phragmatobia occidentalis (Roth.sch.).

Mcurtas breveti occidentalis RotlischikI, Noi-it. Zoo/, vol. xvii. p. 119. No. 845a (1910) (Mazagan).

This species differs from P. breveti in its much stouter build ; in the fore-
wings having much fewer spots and frequently a complete subterminal curved
transverse black band, and in the hindwings being duller and browner and
having a heavier subniarginal band of black patches. Some specimens, how-
ever, are more spotted than others.

3 Mwhoila, near Mazagan, Morocco, VV. Riggenbacli.
23 Mazagan, January— October 1902-1903, W. Riggenbach,

XOVITATBS ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. "97

121. Phragmatobia fuliginosa kroumira Oberth.

Phragmatohia jidiginosa form, kroumira Oberthiir, Eiiid. Lepid. Comp. Faso. XIII. p. II. t. cdxxxv.
f. 3751 (1917) (Ain Drahani).

We have never taken this species.

C Environs de Setif, 1911, Faroult.
3 Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.
43 Ain Drahani, August — September 1911, Faroult.

[Apantesis fasciata and its allies.

Mr. Oberthiir is convinced that fasciata' Esp., dido Wagn., and oberthuri
Oberth. (Stdgr. in litt.) are three very distinct species. I confess that I cannot
convince myself of this, for tlie three forms replace one another geographically :
fasciata being only found north of the Mediterranean ; oberthuri. being confined
to Algeria west of Hammam Meskoutine and in the Province of Alger ; and
dido is only found east of Hammam Meskoutine and in Western Tunisia. It
might be urged that while in Europe we have three distinct races of fasciata,
there appears to be no connecting link between that form and oberthuri (which
link would be expected in the Oranais) ; this is true, but the character of the
pattern of the wings is so similar and their geograpMcal distribution so regular
that I feel almost certain they are merely geographical races of one species.]

122a, Apantesis fasciata oberthuri (Oberth.).

Chelonia nbcrlhiiri Oberthiir (ex Staudinger in litt.), Etiid. Eniom. liv. xiii. p. 27. pi. 7. ff. 47-48
(1890) (I-ambeze).

We only took this insect once at night at Blida les Glacieres, but Dr. Har-
tert found a full-gro-rtTi larva on Djebel Mahmel from which I bred a fine ?.

1 ? Djebel Mahmel (ex larva). E. H.

2 S3 Blida les Glacieres, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

28 cJcJ, 34 5? Blida les Glacieres (all reared from the eggs of 1$), Captain Holl.

2 " Algeria " in the British Museum.

1226. Apantesis fasciata dido (Wagn.).

Eiiprepia dido Wagner, Reiner Regent Algier, vol. iii. p. 209. t. 9 (1841) (Algeria).

We have never taken this insect nor did Faroult send it to me. One of
the o o has the ground-colour of the forewings brown-grey instead of liver-brown.

5 (J (J, 2 $9 Ain Drahara, Staudinger.

1 (J Le Tarif, Tunisia.

2 " Tunis " in the British Museum.

123a. Arctia villica arabum (Oberth.).

Chelonia villica arabmn Oberthiir, Etiid. Lipid. Comp. Fasc. IV. p. 678. No. 447. pi. liii. f. 447 (I9I0)
(Bougie).

We have taken this insect at Hammam R'ihra and Blida les Glacieres. We
did not find it very rare, but the numlier of bad specimens was very large, so

398 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 11)17.

that the number retained for the collection is not very great in proportion to
those seen or captured.

16 BHda les Glacieres, June 1906-1908, W. R., K. J., and Dr. Nissen.
18 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1911, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
7 Djebel Zaccar above Miliana, June 1916, Faroult.

2 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

1236. Arctia villica angelica (Boisd.).

Chdonia villica var. an/jelica Boisdvival, Gen. el Ind. Meth. Europ. Lipid, p. 42 (1829) (Spain).

This form 1 do not possess from Mauretania, and I believe it has hitherto
only been recorded from Spain. However, there are two S3 from Tangiers in
the British Museum w liich are identical with my series of angelica collected by
Dr. Jordan in Portugal and are absolutely distinct from arahum.

124. Cymbalophora pudica (Esper).

Bombyjs pudica Esper, Schmeit. vol. iii. p. 177. pi. 33. f. 4 (1784) (?).

I described the Mauretanian form as pudica magnified, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi.
p. 354. No. 316. I find, however, that my diagnosis only fits the scries I have
from Ain Draham, and I have since received specimens from north of the Medi-
terranean quite as large and bright as any Ain Draham ones. I therefore have
come to the conclusion that I cannot maintain my magnified . We have never
taken this insect.

1 Mazagan, ^Morocco, October 1902, W. Riggenbach.
34 Rabat, A. Thery.

3 Tangier, September — November 1908.

7 Environs d'Alger, September 1905 — 1908, Dr. Nissen.
3 Guelt-es-Stel, September 1912, Faroult.
1 Ferregaux, October 1915, Faroult.
72 Ain Draham, September 1910-1911, Faroult.
1 Sidi-bel-Abbes, October 1916, Rotrou.

1 (J Morocco, Meade-Waldo, in the British Museum.

125. Cymbalophora powelli Oberth.

Cymbalophora powelli Oberthiir, Bull. Soc. ICntom. France, 1910. p. 333 (Geryville).

We have never been in Algeria in the autumn so have never taken this
species.

1 (J Geryville, September 1910, H. Powell ex coll. Oberthiir.

118 cJtJ, 10 ?? Guelt-es-Stel, September— October 1912-1913, Dr. Nissen and
Faroult.

2 Guelt-es-Stel in British Museum ex Tring Museum.

126. Cymbalophora haroldi Oberth.

Cymbalophora haroldi Oberthiir, Etud. Lipid. Comp. Fasc. V^. p. 123 (1911) (.\flou).

On pages 197-198 Fasc. VI. of his Etudes Comfarees, Mr. Oberthiir draws
attention to the opinion expressed by Mr. Harold Powell on page 221 of the
same Fascicule that haroldi is generically distinct from pudica and proceeds to

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 399

adopt for haroldi the generic term TympanopJiora of Laboulbene. Now, Mr.
Oberthiir in Fasc. VI. of his Etudes Comparees, on pp. 149-151, tells us most
precisely that in 1864 Rambur and Laboulbene quite independently of one
another erected for the species pndica Esper the genera Cymbalophora and
Tympanophora, both having reference to the peculiar stridulating organ of the
(J. Rambur's name of Cymbalophora has several months' priority. The Inter-
national Rules of Nomenclature, however, declare that " generic " as well as
" specific " names which apply to one and the same species or group of species
are synonyms and cannot be used for anything else at a future time. There-
fore Mr. Oberthiir's use of Tympanophora for haroldi, now that he considers it
different generically from pudica, is absolutely inadmissible, as Tympanophora
is an absolute synonym by " Iffonotypy " of Cymbalophora, the latter having
priority by several months. The erection of a new generic name for haroldi
does not, however, in my opinion, arise ; for Sir George Hampson, to whom I
submitted my haroldi, says that it decidedly belongs to Cymbalophora and stands
nearest to rivularis, with which it shares the phenomenon of abortive wings in
the $.

1 (J Guvlt-es-St«l, September 1913, Faroult.

2 SS, 1 9 Aflou, September 1911, H. Powell ex coll. Oborthiir.

The specimen from Guelt-es-Stel is identical with Mr. Oberthiir's fig. 1046,
pi. c.Kix. Etud. Lipid. Comp. VI. ; one of the 2 (J (J from Aflou i.s like fig. 1045
of the same plate, wliile the second is intermediate both in size and colour ; the
? is intermediate in shape between the 2 $? £f. 1048 and 1049 on above plate,
but has more black on the forewings than either. While at Aflou this insect is
so abundant as to be a perfect pest and scourge, devouring all the barley, on the
Hants Plateaux of the Provinces of Alger and Constantine it appears very rare,
the only specimens recorded being my single Guelt-es-Stel ^ and 2 cJcJ taken by
Harold Powell at Lambcssa. (In addition to my above remarks on Tympano-
phora it is quite precluded from use in Mr. Oberthiir's sense, as it was applied to
a genus of Orthoptera by White in 1841.)

127a. Euprepia libyssa libyssa Piingl.

Euprcpid libi/ssa Piingler, Societ. Eiiiom. xxii. p. 25 (1907) (Magenta).

On p. 162 of Fasc. VI. of his Etudes Comparees, Mr. Oberthiir records the
fact that Count Turati had already discovered that the names caligans Turati
and powelli Oberthiir were antedated by libyssa Piing. ; but that he, Mr.
Oberthiir, declined to accept libyssa as valid because it was unaccompanied by
any figure. Count Turati described his caligans from Sicily, and Mr. Oberthiir
tells us that on comparison with his series it proves to be a somewhat different
local race, therefore the two forms must stand as follows :

Euprepia libyssa libyssa, Piingl., Mauretania, and Euprepia libyssa caligans,
Trti., Sicily.

1 <J Sebdou, October 1907, H. Powell ex coll. Oberthiir.
20 <JcJ 2 ?? Guelt^es-Stel, September and October 1913, Faroult.

400 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

128a. Euprepia cribraria chrysocephala (Hiibn.).

Bomhyx chrysocephala Hiibner, Europ. Schmett. vol. ii. Bomb. ii. f. 251 (1827) (? Spain).
We only took this in.sect in 1908 at light in Mustapha Superieur.

3 Mwhoila, Oum-er-Rebia. Morocco. April 1901, E. H.

I Zoudj-el-Beghal, E. Morocco, July 1914, Faroult.
22 JIasser Mines. May — June 1914, Faroult.

10 Environs d'Alger, Jlay 1906-1908, W. R., E. H., and Dr. Nissen.
1 Bou Saada, Jlay 1912, Faroult.

3 Aln Draham, Jul}- — August 1911, Faroult.

One rj from Ain Draham is ab.solutely uniform dull white except the grey
hindwings, for the yellow of the head and anal tuft is wanting.

129. Utetheisa pulchella (Linn.).

Phaiaena pulchdla Linnreiis, Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. p. 5.34. No. 238 (1758) (South Europe, Manre-
tania).

This insect is fairly abundant everywhere north of the desert, but is not
much seen as it is very sluggish of flight. Hartert found it even south of
Ghardaia on Zizyphus bushes in oueds in the stony desert. The Tring series
from Maurctania of 606 is very variable as regards size, and the extent
of or suppression of the black and red markings of the forewings. Those
specimens where the black spots are almost or quite suppressed and the red
strongly augmented are ab. bicolor Oberth.

15 Mazagan, Morocco, July — September 1900-1902, W. Riggenbach.
62 Zoudj-el-Bcghal, July 1914, Faroult.
1 Moroccan Frontier, May 1914, Faroult.
1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.
1 Nedroma, May 1914, Faroult.
152 Lalla Marnia, May — July 1914, Faroult.
152 Aiin Sefra, May 1913-1915, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.
1 Titen Yaya, June 1915, Rotrou.
5 Saida, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.
12 Msila, May 1915, Faroult.
7 Perregaux, October 1915, Faroult.
1 El Mesrane, June 1913, Faroult.
1 Foret de Bainen, June 1908, W. R. and K. J.

7 Environs d'Alger, May— June 1905-1908, W. R., K. J., and Dr. Nissen.

8 Maison Carree, June 1908, VV. R. and K. J.

10 Hammam R'ihra, May— June 1908-1916, W. R., E. H., and K. J., and
Faroult.

5 Boghari, May 1913, Faroult.
8 Ain Ousscra, May 1913. Faroult.
70 Guelt-es-Stel, May— July 1913, Faroult.

4 Puits Baba, May 1913, Faroult.

II Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult.

1 Ghardaia, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

2 Oued Abiod, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 401

6 El Hadadra, May 1912, E. H. and C. H.

1 El Meksa, April 1912, E. H. and C. H.

2 Biskra, AprU— June 1908-1912, W. R., E. H., and C. H.
5 Bou Saada, May 1911, Faroult.

16 El Kantara, June 1909-1911, Cheli Brahim.
8 Environs de Batna, June 1910-1912, Nelva.
1 Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.
1 Setif, August 1911, Faroult.
1 El Hamel, May 1912, Faroult.

3 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.
1 Sidi Ferruch, June 1911, A. Thery.

4 Hanimam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.
20 Aflou, October 1916.

The British Museum has 1 Tangiers and 1 Mogador, Leech, and 1 Tozeur,
Tunisia, G. C. Champion.

Iiithsiinae.
130. Phryganopsis unipuncta Hmpsn.

Phryganopaie unipuncta Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7). xv. p. 333 (1905) (Hammam-ea-
Salahin).

This minute species would have escaped the notice of all collector.? but
those of so-called " Microlepidoptera." The only known specimens are the
2 (J(J, 4 ?? in the British Museum from Hammam-es-Salahin, near Biskra, col-
lected by Lord Walsingham.

131. Ilema bipuncta (Hiibn.).

Bombyx bipuncta Hiibuer, Europ. Schmett. vol. ii. fT. 286, 287 (1827) (Europe).
There are no specimens of this species in the Tring Museum.

132. nema uniola (Rambur).

Liihosia uniola Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lipid. d'Andal. p. 209 (1SG6) (Andalusia).

Staudinger and most others have placed tliis species under caniola Hiibn.,
but, as Mr. Oberthiir points out, it is quite distinct ivoiaalheola Hiibn. (the whitish
race of caniola) and is a distinct species. Mr. Oberthiir, however, suggests that
my interposita (see infral was identical with uniola. This is not so, for though
somewhat allied they are perfectly distinct. My interposita is a much darker
insect and has no trace of yellow, either on the head, thorax, or anal segment.

5 (JcJ, 2 $? Ain Draham, August — September 1911, Faroult.

133. Ilema interposita Rothsch.

Tltma interposita Rothschild, Novit. Zyoul. vol. xxi. p. 334. Xo. 314 (1914) (Guelt-ea-Stel).

This insect so far has only been taken by us on one occasion in 1912 at
Guelt^es-Stel. Both Dr. Nissen and Faroult failed to get it subsequently ;
though the former took some when he was with us in 1912.

80 Guelt^es-Stel, April 1912, W. R. and K. J.

In the British Museum are the remaining 6 specimens captured by our-
selves.

402 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1U17.

134. Hema caniola (Hiibn.).

Bombyx caniola Hiibner, Europ. Schmelt. vol, ii. f. 220 (1827) (Europe).

Of this species we took a number at Haramam R'ihra and Hammam Mes-
koutine. The Tring series consists of 64 specimens.

13 Oued Hamidou, May — June 1912. Faroult.

9 Hammam R'ihra. May 1913, W. R, and E. H.

6 Bou Saada, June 1912, Faroult.
36 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

135. Ilema sordidula (Rambur).

Lilhoaia sordidula Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lipid, d'.lndai. p. 210 (ISGB) (Andalusia).

Mr. Oberthiir raises what he considers the debatable point of the identity
or otherwise of sordidula Rambur and marcida Mann. The latter came from
Sicily, and Mr. Oberthiir points out that a Sicilian specimen he possesses differs
from Algerian specimens of sordidula by the uniform leaden grey liindwings. I
have no Sicilian or Spanish Lithosids of tliis group, so I cannot compare my
Algerian specimens with topotypical material ; but I have been carefully through
these Algerian insects with Sir George Hampson, and he is of opinion that the
specimens enumerated below are true sordidula.

4 Hammam R'ihra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

[Ilema lutarella pygmeola (Doubl.).

Lithosia pygmeola Doubleday, Zoologist, vol. v. p. 1914 (1847) (Great Britain).

Mr. Oberthiir has identified 3 specimens of a form of Ilema lutarella which
he has from Ain Draham with /. pygmeola Doubl. This he does, because,
although he says they lack all traces of the black shade on the hindwings charac-
teristic of the British race pygmeola, yet he has two! British specimens also
lacking this. Now, it is well known that geographical races ( = Subspecies) of
one and the same species are not fixed and unalterable entities, and very often
individuals crop up in the area of one race which are almost or quite identical
with those of another. Under these conditions it is generally thought quite
sufficient to establish a valid local race or subspecies if from 75 to 80 per cent,
of the individuals, in a special geographical area, show the characters difl'eren-
tiating the race from the individuals of other areas. As, however, I have not
personally seen Mauretanian examples of any form of lutarella, I do not pro-
pose to give a new name to this race, and simply record it as —

136a. Ilema lutarella subspec ?
3 specimens from Ain Draham in coll. Oberthiir.]

137. Ilema lurideola (Zink.).

Lilhoaia lurideola Zinken, Allgem. Literal urztitung, 1817. p. 68 (1817) (?).

Tliis is the oldest name for plumbeola Herr.-Sch., which name Mr. Oberthiir
by mistake attributed to Hiibner.

I have no Mauretanian examples, but Mr. Oberthiir received 3 examples
taken at Lambessa by H. Powell.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 403

138. Paidia conjuncta (Staud.).

Nudaria murina var. conjuncta Staudinger, Iris, vol. iv. p. 249 (1891) (Mardin).
This i's a perfectly distinct species from murina.
1 (J Alger, January 1914, Faroult.

139. Apaidia rufeola (Rambur).

Lilhoaia rufeola Bambur, Ann. Sue. Entom. France, vol. i. p. 271. pi. 8. f. 12 (1832) (Corsica).
1 Sidi Ferruch, A. Thery.

6 Hammam R'ihra, May 1911-1913, W. R. and E. H.
5 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, W. R. and K. J.

140. Apaida mesagona (Godt.).

Callimorpha mesogona Godart, Lepid. France, vol. iv. ji. 396. pi. 40. f. 6 (1822) (France).

There are in the Brltfsh Museum 5 specimens, Tangier, April — May 1901-
] 902, Lord Walsingham coll.

ITolinae.
141. Celama chlamitulalis (Hiibn.).

Pyralis chlamilulalia Hiibner, Europ. Schmeti. Pyr. IT. 160. 181 (1827) (Europe).

1 Environs d'Alger, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

2 Hammam Meskoutine, May 1914, \V. R. and K. J.

142a. Celama cristulalis subchlamydula (Staud.).

Nola Subchlamydula Staudinger, Horae Soc. Entmn. Boss. vol. vii. p. 107. pi. 1. ff. 6. 7 (1871)
(Attica, Greece).

I have no specimens of this. Mr. Oberthiir records it from Aflou and
Lambessa.

143a. Celama centonalis atomosa (Brem.).

Olaphyra atcrmosa Bremer, Bull. Acad. Scien. PHersb. vol. iii. p. 491 (18C1) (East Siberia).

This subspecies, according to Mr. Oberthiir, occurs at Geryville ; it is not
represented at Tring.

144. Celama squalida (Staud.).

Sola squalida Staudinger, Berl. Entom. Zeit. vol. xiv. p. 102 (1870) (Malaga).
1 (J Guelt-es-Stel, April 1912, W. R. and K. J.

145. Nola cucullatella (Linn.).

Phalaena cucullatella Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. p. 537 (1758) (Sweden).
We never found or received this species.

404 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

146. Roeselia togatulalis (Hiibn.).

Pyralis iogaiulalis Hubner, Europ. Schvielt. Pyr. p. 20. f. 130 (1837) (Europe).
1 Masser Mines, June 1914. Faroult.
1 Ain Sefra, July 1915, Faroult.

1 Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.

2 Ain Draham, September 1911, Faroult.

[CTKBIDAE.

Mr. Oberthiir has followed the old-fasliionecl and exploded custom and
placed directly after the Arctiadae the genera Sarrothripus, Nycteola, and Earias
under the family heading as above. In order not to produce too serious a break
in the sequence in the present article, and to enable the easy comparison of Mr.
Oberthiir's Faune de Barbaric and my notes, I shall leave them here, but they
are emphatically Noctuidae and belong to the three subfamilies Stictopterinae,
Sarrothripinae, and Acontiatiae, wliich stand between the Erastrianae and
Eutelianae on the one hand and the Catocalinae on the other.]

NOCTUIDAE.

Stictopterinae.

147. Nycteola talsalis Herr.-Sch.

Nycteola jaUalis Herricli-SchalTer, Deutsch. Ins. vol. i. t. 166. f. 1 (1829) (Germany).
2 Environs d'Alger, May 1908, W. R. and K. J.
8 Sfdi Feruch, A. Thery.

8 Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K. J.
25 Hammam Meskoutine, April 1914, W. R. and K. J.

The British Museum has 1 Hammam-es-Salahin, March 1904, Lord
Walsingham.

Sarrothripinae.
148. Sarrothripus revayana (Scopoli).

Tortrix revayana Scopoli, Annus Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 116 (1772) (Germany).

Among the 13 specimens from Mauretania at Tring are 6 of the ab.
glaucana Lampa. ; 1 of the ab. fnsciilana Schmid. ; 4 of the ab. obscura Warr. ;
and 2 of the ab. ilicana Fabr.

1 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult.

2 Ain Sefra, July 1915, Faroult.

I Hammam Meskoutine, May 1909, \V. R. and E. H.

9 Ain Draham, July— September 1911, Faroult.

The British Museum has 4 specimens of the ab. ilicana, Philippeville,
November 1905, Lord Walsingham.

Acontianae.
149. Earias chlorophyllana Staud.

i;orto« chlorophyllana Staudinger, Iris. vol. iv. p. 249 (1891) (Mardin).
There is no specimen of this species at Tring.

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 405

150. Barias albovenosana Oberth.

Eariat albox'tnosana Oberthiir, Elud. Lipid. Comp. Faac. XIII. p. 27. pi. cdxxxvi. ff. 3707, 376S
(1917) (Lambdze).

151. Earias chlorion Rambur.

Farias chlorion Rambur, Cat. Synt. Lipid. Andnl. livr. ii. pi. xv. f. 6 (1866) (Andalusia).

1 agree with Mr. Oberthiir in considering this quite a distinct species from
insulana Boisd.

2 Biskra, 1911.

152. Hylophila africana Warr.

Hylophila ajricanaVftiTTeniaScMz^GrosaschmM. Erde, vol. iii. p. 298. pi. 53 m. (1913) (Ain Draham).
1 ^, 1 ? Ain Draham (cj July 1911, Faroult),l$ M. Bartel.

This species was quite overlooked by Mr. Oberthiir, or else he thought the
locality erroneous. Mr. Warren never saw the S.

HEPIALIDAE.

153. Hepialiscus algeriensis de Joan.

Hepialiscus algeriensi" de Joannia, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1903, p. 223 (St. Charles, Philippe-
ville) ; Ann. Soc. Entom. France, pi. 2. f. 8.

We have never been in Algeria when this insect and the following appear.
124 Ain Draham, September — October 1911, Faroult.

154. Hepialus tunetanus Oberth.

Hepialus tunetanva Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. Comp. Fasc. XIII. p. 29. pi. cdxxxvi. f. 3771 (1917)
(Ain Draham).

3 Ain Draham, September 1911, Faroult.

COSSIDAE.

155. Cossus cossus (Linn.).

Phalaena cossus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 504. No. 40 (1758) (Sweden).
We never found this insect in Algeria.

1 Lalla Marnia, May 1914, Faroult.
1 Oued Hamidou, June 1912, Faroult.

156. Cossus aries Piingl.

Cossus aries Piingler, Iris, vol. xv. p. 145. pi. VI. £. 22 (J (1902) (Palestine).

We took the first specimen of this great rarity at Tilghempt in 1911, where
Faroult again found it the following year. It seems widely spread, being re-
corded from Palestine and Egypt as well as from Tunisia and tlie Provinces of
Constantine and Alger. It is evidently a desert and Hauts Plateaux insect and
is generally found in the neighbourhood of terebinth trees, though it evidently

27

406 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

also feeds on other plants, as at Biskra and southwards there are no tere-
binths at all.

3 Tilghempt, April 1911-1912, W. R., E. H., and Faroult.

2 Oued N^a, April 1914, E. H. and C. H.

1 Kef-el-Dor, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

157. Hypopta reibellii Oberth.

Ht/popla reibellii Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. i. p. 4(1. t. 4. f. 1 (1876) (Biakra).

3 Mauretania, Grum-Grshimailo coll.
9 Algeria, Staudinger, etc.

1 Ain Sefra, Julj' 1915, Faroult.

158. Dyspessa vaulogeri (Stand.).

Hypopta vaulogeri Staudinger, Iris, vol. x. p. 155. pi. 5. f. 13 (1897) (Chellala).

We captured a considerable number at Ain Sefra, 24 in all, and so did Dr.
Nissen, but very few in good condition. The J proves it to be closely allied to
Dyspessa suavis.

6 <?,?, 18 ?? Ain Sefra, May 1913, W. R. and E. H.

159. Dyspessa saharae Luc.

Dyspessa saharae Lucas, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1007. p. 197 (1903) (Zarcine).

I have examined again carefully the figure of this insect, which is very
coarse and crude, and I cannot, any more than Mr. Oberthiir, ventufe to say
positively what it is. I, however, have more than a shrewd suspicion that it
represents a much rubbed specimen of vaulogeri. Perhaps Mr. Oberthiir will
compare my forthcoming figures of cj? of tlie latter with this picture, and then
give us a deciding vote.

ICO. Dyspessa suavis Staud.

Dyspessa jordana var. suai-is Staudinger, Iris, vol. xii. p. 355. pi. 5. f. 7 (1899) (Bi»kra).

1 ,?, 3 ?? Bou Saada, May 1911-1912, Faroult.

1 (J, 1 ? El Mesranc, June 1913, Faroult.

1 9 El Arich, east of Guerrara, April 1914. E. H. and C. H.

1 ? Kef-el-Dor, April 1909, W. R. and E. H.

3 ?? halfway between Ouargla and El Golea, March 1912, E. H. and C. H.

In the British Museum 1 ? Hammam-es-Salahin, May 1903, Lord Walsing-
ham.

161. Dyspessa fuscula Staud.

Dyspessa fuscula Staudinger, Iris, vol. v. p. 283. No. 41. pi. 3. f. 10 (1892) (Tunis).

The members of the genus Dyspessa allied to ulula Borhh. are most difficult
to determine, and have led to much controversy. Herr Piingler and many
of his colleagues consider them all aberrations of ulula, while others think they
are all distinct. I am of opinion that the greater number, viz. marmorata

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 407

Ramb. ; algeriensis Ramb. ; juscula Staud. ; habylaria Bang-Haas ; and
pallidata Staud., are good species. The onlj' doubtful one of tliis number is
algeriensis Ramb. If the insect figured by Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. iii.
pi. 5. f. 1, is really Rambur's algeriensis , then it is quite distinct, but I am not
in a position to decide this without comparing the insect I have identified as
algeriensis with Rambur's type. The reason I am unable to do without actual
comparison, is that while I have a long series (14) of $$, my 4 (J^ are in very
poor condition, and, as is well known, ?$ of this group are not easy to determine
when one has to compare them with figures or descriptions of SS-

2 $? Guelt-es-Stel, May 1913, Faroult.

1 (J, 1 ? Biskra, Staudinger.

1 (J, 1 ? Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.

162. Dyspessa kabylaria Bang-Haas.

Dyspessa kubylaria Bang-Haas, Iris, vol. xix. p. 143. ]>!. 5. f. 10 (1906) (Gafsa).

1 S, 19 ?? Khenchela, May— June 1911-1912, W. R. and K. J. (??) ;
Faroult (s).

1 (J Biskra, Staudinger.

4 (J(J Gafsa, Tunisia, Staudinger (co-types).

1 <J Gab^s, Tunisia, Staudinger.

163. Dyspessa algeriensis (Rambur).

Eudagria algeriensis Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lipid. d'And. p. 331 footnote (18(56) (Algeria).

1 have identified as algeriensis a series of small individuals darker and more
distinctly marked than juscula, but I am still in doubt about them.

2 <J(J, 11 ?? Guelt-es-Stel, April— May 1913, Faroult.
1 cj, 3 ?? Bou-Saada, April 1912, Faroult.

1 <J Khenchela, May 1912, W. R. and K. J.

In the British Museum is 1 $ El Kantara, May 1903, Lord Walsingham.

164. Dyspessa ulula pallida subsp. nov.

(J. Is much paler than ulula ulula, and the white spots very much dilated
and fainter, sometimes the ground-colour is entirely suffused with the white.
?. Almost as dark as in ulula infuscata from Amasia.

3 (JcJ Bone, Staudinger.

1 ? Teniet>el-had, Staudinger.

4 (J<J, 2 ?? Hammam Meskoutine, May 1909, W. R. and E. H.

165. Dyspessa marmorata (Rambur).

Eudagria mamorata Rambur, Cat. Syst. Lipid. d'Andal. p. 332. pi. 5. f. 6 (1866) (Andalusia).

We found this very abundant in Hammam R'ihra, but only caught (J^,
the ?? never coming to the light.

82 <J(J Hammam R'ihra, May 1908-1913, W. R., E. H., and K, J.
36 <J<J Oued Hamidou, May — June 1912, Faroult.

408 No%-ITATE9 ZoOLOOICiE XXIV. 1917.

32 (JcJ Guelt-es-Stel, May— June 1913, Faroult.
4 o^ Bou Saada, Faroult.
2 (J<J Zoudj-el-Beghal, July 19U, Faroult.
2 (J (J Environs d'Alger, June 1905, Dr. Nissen.

In the British Museum is 1 S " Mauretania."

165a,. Dyspessa marmorata maroccana subsp. nov.

3. Very much darker brown than m. viarmoraia. the pale spots being almost
entirely confined to the marginal and submarginal areas.

5. Much darker than Rambur's figure and the wliite marks smaller.
Habitat. S.W. Morocco.

9 (J<J, 1 ? Mazagan, Morocco, April 1902, W. Riggenbach.
1 cj, 8 ? Seksawa, Morocco, April 1905, W. Riggenbach.
1 $ Rahama, Morocco, May 1903, W. Riggenbach.
1 ? Djebel Cheddar, May 1902, W. Riggenbach.

166. Dyspessa affinis sp. nov.

$. Closely allied to suavis Staud., but smaller and much darker. Thorax
and abdomen grey-brown.

Forewing dark grej'-brown with a few paler scales. Hindwings paler grey-
brown.

Length of forewing : 12 mm. Expanse : 28 mm.

Habitat. Ain Sefra, May 7, 1912, W. R. and E. H. 1 ?.

167. Holcocerus mauretanicus (Lucas).

Cossn-smanretanicvs'Lwcaa. Bull. Soc. Enlom. France, 1907. p. 343 (Tozeura) ; Ann. Soc. Enlom.
France, 1910. pL IS. f. 4.

Mr. Oberthiir, Etud. Cotnp. Fasc. XIII. p. 33, suggests that tliis may be his
poirelli. The figure is so coarse and crude that it cannot be identified with
anvthing I know, though the outlines and size resemble poivelli ; but the very
careful description differs so from powelli, that I do not think it at all advisable
to unite them, but quote this as a species till we get Tunisian material for
comparison.

168. Holcocerus powelli Oberth.

Holcocerus jmvcUi Obcrtliur, Etud. Lepidopt. Camp. Fasc. VI>. p. 333. pi. Uiix. ff. 722, 723 (1911)

(Geryville).

I have only received this insect from Faroult.

90 (J(J, 26 ?? Guelt-es-Stel, July— August 1913, Faroult.

NOTITATES ZOOLOeiCAE XXIV. 1017. 409

169. Holcocerns farouiti Oberth.

Holcocents farouiti Oborthiir, EUid. Lepidopt. Comp. Fasc. V'. p. 326. pi. Ixxi. f. 658 (1011)
(Mograroua).

Only the 2 cJcJ sent by Faroult to Mr. Oberth iir have so far been recorded.
170. Zeuzera pyrina (Linn.).

Phalatna pyrina Linnaeus, Fauna Suecica, edit. ii. (Altera), p. 306 (1701) (Sweden).
We never got this insect.
5 cJ^, 3 ?? Khenchela, June 1911, Faroult.

Nygmia charmetanti (JIab. & VuilL).

Artaxa charmetanti Mabille & Vuillot, Bull. Soc. ErU. France, 1890. p. 204 (Hassi-bou-Kouba).

This species was accidentally omitted from the former section of my " Notes."
It was originally taken south of Ouargla, and a second sijecimen was captured in
May 1907 at Biskra by Monsieur Chretien.

WhOe this article was going through the press I received several parcels
of lepidoptera from Algeria. Among them were three more Amorpha jwpnli
populi from Pcrregaux and a number of Drcpnnidae, among which was a Cilix
glaucata without the glaucous smear. I also received two more Pergesa porcelhis
colossus and some Arctia villica arabum from Djebel Zaccar.

410 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXIV. 1917.

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

By ERNST HARTERT and ARTHUR GOODSON.

1. Pachyrhamphus peraanus sp. nov.

?. Crown .ash-grey, over the ej'es a dull greenish line, hind-neck and nape
ash-grey, rest, of upper surface yellou-ish green as in P. viridis ; tail and wings
as in the latter, i.e. with a rufous patch on the upper wing-coverts. Sides of
head and the throat pale grey ; chest-band and sides of breast ohvaceous green
with yellow edges to the feathers, not uniform yellow as in P. v. viridis and
cuvieri. Rest of under surface white with a greyish tinge on the breast — not
creamy as in P. v. viridis and cuvieri. Wing, 73 mm.

Hab. Chanchamayo, state of Cuzco, South-eastern Peru, 1,500 metres.

Type : $ Chanchamayo, January 1905, collected by C. 0. Sckunke.

The grey head and somewhat undecided supcrcihary line point towards
immaturity, and it is probable that the specimen — unfortunately only the one
female has been received— is not fully adult, but it is not hke young P. viridis,
which agree with it only in having the top of the head greyish. Probably
P. penunuis will have to rank as a subspecies of viridis, but without knowing
the male, this must remain uncertain. The collector marked the eyes as grey
(" pardo "), bill and feet plumbeous.

2. Forms of Blacicus brachytarsus (Scl.).

It has alreadj- been said by Mr. Ridg\\ay {Birds of North and Middle America,
iv. p. 527) that specimens from Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad are "con-
siderably greyer " above than those from Central America. Our series from
Trinidad and the State of Cumana is certainlj' paler and shghtly (we should
not say considerably) more greyish above, the crouii generally less brownish,
and they are also paler underneath, the breast being less olivaceous and
the abdomen paler yellow. Jloreover, they have a longer wing : S 75-80,
? 72-76 mm., if correctlj' scxed, while Central American specimens measure
(J 72-75, ? 67-72 mm., if correctly scxed.

No name appears to be referable to this form except Taczanowski's aiidinus.
This name is adopted by Berlepsch (Nov. Zool. 1908, p. 128) and Hellmayr
and Seilern (Arcliiv /. Katurg. Ixwiii. 1912. p. 84). It is difficult to believe
that, in consideration of the other local forms, these birds should be exactly the
same, but from comparison with a Bolivian male we are unable to find the
slightest difference. Tyrannula hogotensis Bonaparte cannot possibly be this
bird, as there are great discrepancies in the diagnosis, and Planchesia juliginosa
of the same author is only Gmelin's Mnscicapa juliginosa, in which no Blacicus
can be recognised (cf. Berlepsch, I.e. p. 129).

We cannot unite with these birds our scries from Cayenne and Surinam.
They arc smaller, wings S 70'5-72-5, $ 67-69 mm. The colour of the upper-
side is slightly more grcj'ish and the crown is not so dark, less in contrast with
the back. Underside as in the Cumana and Trinidad birds. We call tliis bird :

^'OV^TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 411

Blacicus brachytarsus guianarum subsp. nov.

Type: S near Paramaribo, Surinam, 6. ix. 1900. B. Chunkoo coO. (In
the Tring Museum.)

In Nov. ZooL. 1902, p. 50, Berlepsch and Hartert discussed a? from Alta-
gracia on the Orinoco River. This specimen is indeed very small and rather
olive above, but, of course, we cannot say anything more about it until a series
from Altagracia is available.

Specimens in the Tring Museum.

Guatemala, Costa Rica ..... 6

Venezuela, Trinidad ...... 23

Cayenne, Surinam ...... 9

Orinoco ........ 1 '

3. Elaenia gaimardii trinitatis subsp. nov.

The forms of Elaenia gcmnardii have been reviewed by tlie late Count
Berlepsch — for many years our teacher and mentor in South American ornith-
ology— in the Proceedings of the Fourth I ntenmtional Orn. Congress, pp. 419-
422. He distinguished three subspecies : Elaenia gaimardii gaimardii, E. g.
guianensis, and E. g. bogotensis. The first he accepted as ranging from Bolivia
and N.E. Peru to the Orinoco, Venezuela (Puerto Cabello), Trinidad, Brazil as
far as Mattogrosso and the Rio Negro ; E. g. guianensis as British Guiana,
Cayenne, and N. Brazil (Para) ; E. g. bogotensis as Colombia (Bogota collections
and Sta. Marta). This distribution is somewhat peculiar, and the series in the
Tring Bluseum does not bear it out.

Our birds from the Orinoco basin diifer strikingly from two skins from
Para and two from Goyaz, which seem to agree perfectly with each other. The
Orinoco birds do not seem to be distinguishable from guianensis unless the
underside is still of a richer yellow. On the other hand, five from Cumana
(North Venezuela) seem to be exactly like bogotensis from Bogota collections,
which is altogether paler than guianensis. The Trinidad birds (eleven skins
collected by Andre) are nearest to bogotensis, but differ in having the uppersidc
duller, more olivaceous, not so greenish ; the crown is white, as a rule without
the slightest tinge of yellow ; the sides of the crowii is deeper blackish ; the
ashy-white colour of the throat seems to extend farther back to the chest, and
the abdomen is paler sulphur-yellow. The wings vary much in length ; barring
some apparently wrongly sexed specimens, the wings seem to measure 58-60 mm.
in females, 62-65 in males.

Type of E. g. trinitatis: 3 Caparo, Trinidad, 20. iv. 1902, E. Andre coll.
(Tring Museum.)

4. Hirundinea bellicosa pallidior subsp. nov.

Comparing eight skins of Hirundinea bellicosa from the provinces of Tucu-
man, Salta, and Catamarca, all three in the north-western part of Argentina,
with twenty-one from south-eastern Brazil and one from Paraguay (Colonia
Risso near the Rio Apa), it is obvious that the former are paler, especially on
the underside, the upper wing-coverts have more rufous and the primaries are

412 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, lfll7.

not so deep black, the terminal bar to the rcctrices, especially on the lateral
feathers, is less wide and, as a rule, somewhat less blackish. Wing: <J 112-115,
$ 104-1085 mm. The young is paler than the adult.

Type of H. h. pallidior : 3 ad. Salta, Cachi, 2,500 m. 5. iv. 1905. Jose
Steinbach coll., No. 49. "Iris yellowish brown, feet and bill black."

5. Tyrannus melancholicus occidentalis subsp. nov.

Lilvc T. m. satrapa, but underside paler yellow, upper tail-coverts appar-
ently lighter also smaller.

Wing: S 111, lllS, ? 106, 106 mm.

Hab. San Bias, Tepic, N.W. Mexico.

Type : 3 ad. San Bias, 20. iv. 1897.

Our specimens, two males and two females, were all shot from April 20th
to 23rd, and are in rather worn plumage. Therefore the paler colour of the upper
tail-coverts is open to doubt, but the shorter wings and paler yellow underside
are undeniable Probably specimens from Sinaloa belong to the same form,
as Ridgway (B. N. and Middle America, iv. p. 701) gives for males from
there the length of wings as 11 2' 9, while in the other specimens of his large
series they vary from 11 3 to llS"5and 120, and are nearly all over 114 mm. None
of Ridgway's females range below 1095 (one only !) and they mostly go from
110 mm. upwards. The^ from Jahsco with a wing of 1129 mm. must of course
belong to our new form, as that place is not far from San Bias.

6. Myiozetetes cayanensis hellmayri subsp. nov.

Differs from M. r. cayanensis from Cayenne and North Brazil (24 speci-
mens from Cayenne, Surinam, Para, and Goyaz in the Tring Museum) in having,
as a rule, more rufous on the outer webs of the primaries and the upperside
not so dark and more olivaceous.

Hab. West Ecuador, Cauea Valley in Colombia, and in Bogota collections.

Type : c? ad. Cachabe. N.W. Ecuador, 10. xi. 189G. W. F. H. Rosenberg,
coll. (Tring Museum.)

Examined : 6 Cachabi, W. F. Rosenberg coll. ; 2 San Domingo, W. Ecuador,
W. Goodfellow coll. ; 2 Nanegal. W. Ecuador, W. Goodfellow coll. ; 1 Guayaquil,
Dr. Powell coll. ; 1 Cauea Valley, T. W. Paine coll. ; 8 Bogota skins.

In Birds of North and Middle America, iv. p. 444, Mr. Ridgway united M. c.
ruflpennis with M. c. cayanensis which he accepted as ranging from " Panama
through Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam, Cayenne, to
Ecuador, Eastern Peru, and the entire Amazon Valley, Bolivia, and South-western
Brazil." To this distribution we cannot agree. We separate, as explained, the
birds from Colombia and Ecuador (at least the western parts !), and there is no
doubt at all that 31. cayanensis rufiqie.nnis from Venezuela is quite distinct.
On Trinidad it has never been found, and the specimen in the Strickland collec-
tion, said to come from Trinidad, is almost certainly wrongly labelled, like so
many other skins, which Mere collected in Venezuela and shipped from Trinidad.
Mr. Hellmayr, after whom we are naming our new subspecies, has given a review
of the subspecies of M. cayanensis in his Revision of the Spix types (Ahh. Bayer.
Akad. Wiss., 11. Kl., XXII. Bd., III. Abt., 1906, p. 649). He already mentioned
differences of the birds from Western Ecuador, but he considered Bogota speci-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. Ini7. 413

mens to belong to tj'pical aiyanerusis. Our Bogota examples do not differ from
the W. Ecuadorian hellmayri, but it is quite possible that both the latter and
M. c. cayanensis are found in Bogota collections. The collections that are, or
were, made by Indians and sent from Bogota, are not all brought together near
Bogota ; we know that the collectors used to go do^ni into the valley of the
Rio Meta — where typical cayanensis or rufipennis might possibly occur — -and
westwards into the Cauca Valley, where hellmarjri is found.

We have three skins from Panama (2 Savannah near Panama, Andre coll.,
one Panama, Nelson coll.) which have hardly any rufous on the wing, and
appear perhaps to be smaller (wing, S 86, ? 84 mm.), while the uppersidc is rather
greyish olive. We believe these to belong to another subspecies, but do not
consider the material available sufficient for decision.

7. Forms of Leptopogon superciliaris.

Twice recently remarks have been published on the subspecies of Lcpto-
qwgon sujierciliaris, first by Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle Amer. iv. p. 466
(1907) ), then by Hellmayr (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911. vol. ii. p. 1 1.12). Neither
of these meet the case fully, as exhibited by the series in the Tring Museum.
The colour of the tips of the wing-coverts is generally quite constant, as stated
by Ridgway, and varies only slightly in certain Iccahties, but not in a series,
from the pale primrose-yellow of the Venezuelan form to the rich buff of the
West Ecuadorian birds.

Two males from Huanibo and Pozuzo, collected by Stolzmann and W. Hoff-
manns, we take to be typical superciliaris. From these the West Ecuadorian
form differs only slightly by the more olivaceous green throat and chest antl a
less cinereous crown. Specimens from Bogota collections and Costa Rica
seem to be identical with each other, unless the crown of the head in the latter
is more greenish, less slaty ; if separable from the West Ecuadorian form, which
seems to have less white on the forehead, the Bogota bird would, of course,
have to be called Leptopogon superciliaris poliocephalns.

Our seven skins from Venezuela fCumana, Caripe, and Cumbrc de Valencia
near Puerto Cabello) dift'er from all the.se by their pale primrose-yellow tips to
the outer webs of the greater upper wing-coverts and outer margins of the secon-
daries, and more whitish throat and more yellowish, less olivaceous, chest. The
crown of the head is slate-coloured, more cinereous than in the West Ecuadorian
race, but agrees with the skins from Bogota collections, from which they merely
differ by the pale spots to the wing-coverts and edges to the secondaries. The
wings vary remarkably: <J Cumana (Andre coll.), 69; 3 Cumbre de Valencia
(S, M. Klages coU.), 65 mm.; sujjposed females from Cumana and Caripe,
61-72; $ Cumbre dc Valencia, 63 mm.

We name the North Venezuelan form :

Leptopogon superciliaris venezuelensis subsp. nov.

Type : Cumbre de Valencia near Puerto Cabello, 11. i. 1910, S. 31. Klages
coll. (In the Tring Museum.)

We are not at all sure about two skins collected by Ockenden at Santo
Domingo, Carabaya (in June), and Caradoc, Marcapata (in March). The
former has the wing-spots quite pale, the latter more buff ; the former has the

414 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017.

abdomen almost whitish, the latter certainly more yellow ; probably this form
differs again from superciliaris, as Ridgway (I.e.) also calls attention to the pale
underside of a Bolivian specimen.

8. The jorms of Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens.

1. Rhynchocyclus snlphuresceihs sulphurescens (Spis).

Plalyrhynchus sulphurescens Spix, Av. Brasil. ii. p. 10. pi. xii. fig. 1 (1825 — "in sylvis Provineiae
Rio de Janeiro, Piauhy et flum. Amazonum." Terra typica: Rio de Janeiro).

Wc have 3 (J, 2 § from Sao Paulo, collected by Hempcl, and 1 i from
Minas Geraes, collected by A. Robert.

The crown almost uniform ^^ith the back, but slightly darker and some-
times tinged with grej'. Back bright olivaceous green. Wings: 68-70, 1 ? 665
mm.

2. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens assimilis (Pelz.).
Rht/nchocyclus assimilis Pelzcln, Orn. Brasil. p. 110 (1869 — Rio Negro, North Brazil).

We have a series from Calama on the Rio Madeira, from TcfTe, Rio Solimoes,
and from Chamicuros, East Peru, and Xeberos, collected by Bartlett.

These birds differ chiefly by the more slaty-grey crown and darker upper
surface. Wings from 62-71 mm.

3. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens pallescens subsp. nov.

Upperside as in Rh. s. sulphurescens, but the green slightly brighter, under-
side considerably paler, more sulphur-yellow. Wings : 68" 5, 65, 63 mm.

The Tring Bluscum has one specimen (evidently a male, but not sexed)
from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 21.viii. 1889, No. 197, Gustav Garlepp coll.
(type of R. s. jxillescensl), and two skins, both sexed males, but smaller, col-
lected by J. Steinbach at elevations of 450 and 750 metres in the province of
Sara, Bolivia, in December 1905.

4. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens cherriei subsp. nov.

Closely alUed to adult R. s. assimilis. but the crown of the head not so
slaty, more olivaceous, tinged with green ; vinder-surface paler, more sul-
phureous ; the yellow edges to the upper wing-coverts generally not so
conspicuous and some^^■hat narrower. Wings 62-68'5, the latter measurement
exceptional, generally only to 66 and 67 mm. The specimens with wings of
62 and 63 mm. probably all females, though partially sexed " males." Rh. s.
assimilis is larger, the wings of the males ranging up to 70 and 71 mm.

Habitat : Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, Caura River, and Blaipures
on the Orinoco.

Type: S ad. Cayenne, 2. xii. 1902. No. 1,001, Geo. K. Chcrrie and B. T.
Gault coll. "Iris pale greyish. Bill above black, below pale, nearly flesh-
colour." (Tring Museum.)

Named after J. K. Chcrrie, who collected most of our specimens. 15
specimens compared.

The specimen No. 11,407 from Maipures, Orinoco, has been erroneously
enumerated as Rh. poliocephalus in Nov. ZooL. 1902, p. 47. Both species occur
in the same places.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1017. 415

Ridgway's Rh. hlagesi, described from Maripa in Venezuela, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, xix. p. 115, 1906, is apparently a specimen of Rh. polioccphalus
sclateri; the wing measurement (52 mm.) is too small for any sidphvrescens.
This has already been suggested by Hellmayr in the Record of Ornithological
Literature for 1906 in the Archiv fiir Natvrgeschichte.

5. Rhynchocydu.s sulphurescens berlepschi subsp. nov.

L)ifl[ers from Rh. s. sulphurescens in its lighter and more yellow underside,
from Rh. s. cherriei in its lighter and more yellowish green upperside and much
brighter yellow underside. The crown of the head is almost uniform with the
back, and shows very httle if any slaty tinge. It is nearest to Rh. s. flavo-
olivaceus, but duller throughout and \\ith the throat darker and more greenish.
Wings, 67-69 mm.

Hab. : Northern Venezuela (Cumana, Puerto Cabello) and Trinidad.

Type: "?" (probably <J) C'aparo, Trinidad, 9. iv. 1902. E. Andre coll.
(Tring Museum.) " Iris dark bro\ra. Bill above black, lower mandible dirty
white. Feet black."

Ten from Trinidad, 3 from North Venezuela compared. Named in honour
of the late Count Berlepseh, one of the greatest authorities on South American
ornithology.

6. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens exortivus Bangs.

Rhynchocydu.s sulphurescens exortivus Bangs, Pruc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xxi. p. 103 (1908 — Santa
Marta Mountains, Colombia).

We have unfortunately no specimens from Santa Marta. Half a dozen
Bogota skins in the Tring Museum and a (supposed) $ from Jimenez in W.
Colombia (Merwyn G. Palmer coU.) have been named exortivus by Hellmayr.
They have the crown of the head slaty-grey, forming a distinct cap, thus differ-
ing at a glance from Rh. s. fluvo-olivaceus of Panama, as described by Bangs,
and in fact from all the other forms, but we cannot see that these birds are paler
generally than R. s. sulphurescens, except on the underside, where this is striking.

Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xxiii. p. 72. 1910, described a new
form as :

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens asemus

from Jimenez, W. Colombia, Merwyn G. Palmer coll., but the description does
not agree with our example from the same place and collection. We suspect
that asemus is a form of Rh. cinereiceps, which would then not be a subspecies
of sulphurescens, as suggested by Bangs, but a distinct species, occurring
together with forms of sulphurescens.

We have a specimen identified by Hellmayr as Rh. sulphurescens aequa-
torialis from West Ecuador which onlj' dift'ers from cinereiceps in having a slightly
darker grey head and less extended grey throat. A Peruvian skin named Rh.
sulph. peruvianus does not seem to differ from the Ecuadorian specimen. Rh.
megacephalus flavotectvs Hart., from N.-W. Ecuador, has been considered as a
subspecies of sulphurescens by Berlepseh (Proc. Orn. Congr. 1905, p. 482), but we
are convinced that this is a mistake.

416 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

7. Rhynchocydus sulphurescens flavo-olivaceus LawT.

Rhynchocydus flavo-olivacem Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Xat. Hist. New York, viii. p. 8 (" 1863" — Liou
Hill, Panama). Cf. Ridgway, Birds North and Middle America, iv. 391.

Very light above and below, crown almost uniform with back.
Panama.

9. Note on the distribution of Platyrhynchus coronatus.

In Nov. ZooL. 1902, p. 607, one of us mentioned Platyrhynchus coronatus
Scl. as being found at Lita and Caclij'jacu in N.-W. Ecuador, We find now that
these two birds are not typical P. coronatus, described from East Ecuador, and
extending to Western Brazil and Guiana, but that they belong to PI. coronatus
superciliaris Lawr., described from Panama, or to a new subspecies, closely
allied to the latter. Our two West Ecuadorian birds are darker, especially on
the chest and sides of breast, but we cannot decide from two specimens whether
these differences are constant.

10. Forms of Dendrocolaptes validus.

Thanks to the kindness of Lr. Clubb in Liverpool we were able to com-
pare the type of Dendrocolaptes midlistrigatus Eyton in the Derby collection,
Liverpool Museum. It agrees absolutely with Colombian skins from Bogota
collections, and can therefore not have come from Peru, but from Colombia-
The skin, as it is now, is in excellent condition, but has been mounted and dis-
mounted. The subspecies of Dendrocolaptes validus, now that the identity of
muUistrigatus is cleared up (cf. Hellmayr and Seilcrn, Arch. f. Naturg. Ixxviii.
1912, p. 117), will therefore have to stand as follows :

1. Dendrocolaptes validus validus Tsch.

Central and East Peru, and, according to Hellmayr, Western Brazil, also
probably East Ecuador.

2. D. validus phtgosus Salv. and Godman.
British Guiana and Cayenne to N.-E. Brazil.

3. D. validus nudtistrigatus Eyt.

Colombia : Bogota collections and Antioquia. Hellmayr, in agreement
with other authors, unites with these the form from the Andes of Merida in
Venezuela. Three specimens in the Tring Museum, however, show the bars
on the abdomen generally narrower and less continuous, more broken up, than
in Colombian skins. It would, therefore, seem to be probable that they
formed another subspecies, which would have to be called D. validus berlepschi
(Mad.). (See Dendrexetastes berlepschi Madarasz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar. i.
p. 463, 1903.)

4. D. validus seilerni subsp. nov.

Differs — as described by Hellmayr and Seilern — as follows from D. v.
muUistrigatus : the throat is less uniform, the feathers being edged with oliva-

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 417

■ ceous brown, giving the throat a striped appearance, the light stripes on jugulum
and chest are conspicuously narrower. The bars on the underside are finer and
more broken up, as in our Merida specimens. Ihe tail is slightlj- darker. Cf.
Arch. f. Natnrg. Ixxviii. 1912, p. 117.

Hab. : San Esteban and Cumbre de Valencia.

Type: No. 2,803, Cumbre Chiquito near San Esteban, 19. xi. 1909.
S. M. Klages coll.

5. D. validus costaricensis Ridgw.

Costa Rica and Chiriqui.

Of D. puncticollis, which, according to Ridgway, is probablj' a subspecies
of validus. we have no specimens in the Tring Museum.

11. On a new subspecies of Picolaptes albolineatus.

Comparing our series in the Tring Museum of what is called Picolaptes
albolineatus, it is evident that there must be several distinct races ; of most
of these our material is not large, and the differences are very slight, but birds
from the littoral of North-eastern Venezuela stand out too strikingly to be
ignored. We propose to call this form :

Picolaptes albolineatus littoralis subsp. nov.

This subspecies differs from typical albolineatus from Colombia in the upper-
side being pale, not deep rufous brown ; the ground-colour of the crown of the
head being generally not so deep, and the light stripes as a rule wider. Under-
neath the Ught shaft-stripes are wider and more buff, less creamy white. Per-
haps this new form is also larger, as the wing of one (male, doubtless, though
not sexed) reaches 101 mm., but others are smaller. Females are much smaller,
a difference of over 5 mm. The bill appears generally to be slenderer.

Hab. Coastal region of North Venezuela.

Type: S ad., Quebrada Secca, State of Cumana, Venezuela, 9. ii. 1898.
No. 143, Caracciolo coll. (Tring Museum.)

Of this form we have two specimens from the State of Cumana, two from
Guiria on the Gulf of Paria, collected by Comte de Dalmas, and two taken by
Albert Mocquerys and said to come from Valencia ; these latter may, by some
mistake, have been wTongly labelled, as a skin from San Esteban, inland of
Puerto Cabello, is quite different, hardly differing from Bogota skins. Judging
from three skins, collected by Andre (cf. HeUmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 30),
the Trinidad birds seem to agree with those from Cumana, being at least as
pale on the upperside, though the under surface appears to be more greyish.

Six skins from the Orinoco Valley, collected by Cherrie, agree on the whole
very well with Colombian skins, but appear to be sUglitly more greyish under-
neath.

12. Xenops genibarbis ridgwayi subsp. nov.

While the South-American forms of Xenops genibarbis have been excel-
lently reviewed by Hellmayr in Nov. Zool. 1907, pp. 54, 55, the Central-American
ones have hitherto been united under the name X. genibarbis mexica^ius Scl.,

418 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. UI17.

though Ridgway (Birds oj North and Middle America, v. p. 174) calls attention to
the differences between specimens from British Honduras and Mexico and those
from Costa Eica, and suggests that " the species almost certainly requires
further subdivision."

Looking at our series from Guatemala, which agrees apparently with
Mexican specimens, and Panama and Costa Rica, the difference between the
former (from Guatemala) and those from Panama and Costa Rica is so striking,
that one must wonder that they have not yet been separated. The specimens
from southern Central America, i.e. Costa Rica and Panama, are much less
rusty on the upperside, the crown of the head is not so bro-wn, and the under
surface considerably more olivaceous ; these birds, as a matter of fact, differ
at a glance, but are very closely aUied to X. genibarhis littoralis of U'ostcrn
Ecuador and X. geniharbis neglecUis Todd from Northern Venezuela. From
neglectus they differ in having the upperside shghtly browner, the under surface
not quite so oUvaceous, from littoralis in having the crown browner, less oUvaceous,
the breast and abdomen hghter, less brownish ohve. When describing his
X. genibarbis neglectus (Proc. Biol. Sac. Washington, xxvi. 1913. p. 173) Todd
should have compared his new form also with X. g. littoralis, with which it
agrees much better in the more olivaceous underside, unless he took specimens
of our ridgwayi for typical mexicanits.

Habitat of A", g. ridgivayi : Costa Rica, Panama, and the Uttle islands of
Iguaros, Sevilla, Almijas, and Medidor.

Type : S Tocoume, Panama, 7. iii. 1899. E. Andre coll. "Iris very dark
brown. Beak black, base of lower mandible pale. Feet dark slate " (Andre).

We have examined 14 skins from the above-said islands, Panama and
Costa Rica, collected by J. H. Batty, E. Andre, J. Watson, Underwood and
Cherrie. Of littoralis the Tring Museum possesses 5, of neglecta 2 specimens,
the latter from Las Quigas near San Esteban, the type locahty, and the
Cumbrc de Valencia, collected by 8. M. Klages.

13. Note on Xenops rutilus heterurus.

In Nov. ZooL. 1908, p. 147, Count Bcrlepsch quoted specimens from
Cayenne as X. r. heterurns, though stating that they were smaller than Bogota
specimens, and had more black in the tails than X. r. rutilvs. The fact is that
the Caj'enne specimens and others from Surinam differ stril<ingly from X. r.
heterurns in size and shape of bill and colour of underside. They would fonn a
distinct new subspecies, unless they might be X. tenuirostris. which is unknown
to us. The extent of black in the tail varies a good deal.

14. Note on Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudi Des Murs.

The distribution of the various forms of G. cuneatus is evidently very little
understood at present. IMost authors have treated all the birds from Brazil
to Cayenne and the Orinoco as typical cuneatus, while Peruvian and Ecuadorian
birds were separated as G. cuneatus castelnaudi. Bogota (Colombian) speci-
mens were called cas<ei?M«rf» bj- Hellmayr in 1911 (P.Z.8., 1911, p. 1152), but
Brabourne and Chubb [List B. 8. Anier. p. 248) called them typical cuneatus.

G. c. cuneattis is probablj' restricted to Eastern Brazil and is distinguished

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV, 1017. 419

from castelnaudi by its considerably larger bill. 'Ihis is striking in a series from
Para which agree with those from Bahia.

G. caslelruiiidi has been described from Peru and seems to extend to
Colombia.

Specimens from Cayenne, the Orinoco Valley, British Guiana, and Surinam
are in no case typical cuneatus as they have smaller bills and a more uniform
and brighter rufescent throat. They are very closely aUied to castelnaudi, but
differ in having the breast and abdomen more brownish, not quite so dark, and
the throat generally more rufescent, the upper part of the throat being in many
specimens almost uniform rufous. The bill is generally less powerful, especially
if seen from below. We propose for this form the name :

Glyphyrhynchus cuneatus simillimus subs p. nov.

Type: (J Ipousin, Approuague River, Cayenne, 0. i. 1903. No. 13,020, Geo. K.
Cherrie coll.

15. Xiphorhynchus nanus demonstratus subsp. nov.

It has already been pointed out by Hellmayr and Seilern (Archiv /. Natvrg.
Ixxviii. pp. 110, 111, 1912) that specimens from Northern Venezuela differ from
typical Tianus from Panama. There is no doubt that this is the case, the ground-
colour of the crown being less black, the buff spots on the head and nape gener-
ally wider, the underside being more rusty yellowish. Hellmayr and Seilern
called attention to some other differences, which we cannot find to exist at all,
as they are quite variable, and to the smaller size of the North- Venezuelan birds.
This latter character is doubtful. Six Venezuelan males have the wings lOS-110
mm., two females 97 and 99, while Panama males have wings of 110-114, but
females 93-97 mm.

Habitat of X. n. demonstratus : North-western Venezuela from Tocuyo to
Puerto Cabello.

Type: S ad. San Esteban Valley, 11, xi. 1909, No. 2,823, S. M. Klages
coU. (In Tring Museum.)

Mr. Hellmayr treats X. nanus as a subspecies of guttatus, but it is perhaps
safer to be a bit hesitating at present in grouping these forms.

Bangs (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xxiii. p, 72, 1910) described, appar-
ently from a single specimen (!)a X. rosenbergi iiom the Cauca Valley in Western
Colombia. We have from the same valley a specimen collected by the late
J. H. Batty, sexed "$" but with awing of 114 mm., so that it must be a
male! If this is the bird described by Bangs, then the description is rather
misleading, for it should not have been compared with the rather different
cMmchotambo, which has much more rounded scaly spots on the throat and
jugulum and a straighter bill. Our specimen from the Rio Cauca resembles
so closely the typical nana from Panama, that we are unable to state any
differences at all.

Ridgway {Birds North awl Middle America, v. p. 251) extends the range
of naiM to Colombia, but does not mention Venezuela at all.

420 XOVITATES ZOOI.OOICAE XXIV. 1917.

ON THE FOEMS OF COT URN IX COTURNIX.

By ERNST HARTERT, I'li.D.

IN the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. {xxii. pp. 230-2-10) two species and one subspecies
of palaearctic Quails were admitted :

1. Coturnix coturnix : " Europe, Asia (except the south-west corner, Siani,
etc.), Africa."'

2. Subsp. a. Coturnix capensis : " South Africa, south of about 15° S. lat.,
Mauritius, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Cape Verd Islands, Canaries, Madeira,
and Azores."

3. Coturnix japonica : " Japan, Manchuria, S.E. Mongolia, and China,
as far south as Canton. Specimens have also been obtained in Bhootan and
Karen-nee."

Our friend the author of volume xxii. was at the time satisfied with
the results of his study of the genus, for he says : " Perhaps no species of Game
Birds has been more confused, and their changes of plumage less understood,
than the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and its near ally the Japanese
Quail (C. japonica) ; and I am pleased that I have now at last discovered
definite and well-marked characters by which both the males and females of
these two species may be readily distinguished, while the intermediate forms
are, as I shall presently show, undoubtedly the results of interbreeding." Dr.
Stejneger has already, long ago, pointed out that he did not show that his
supposed hybrids were hybrids, but merely said they were, while, in fact,
there was, in our opinion, no reason whatever for this theory. From the dis-
tribution admitted for capensis (rectius africana), it is, among others, difficult
to understand how Indian Quails could be regarded as the results of hybridisa-
tion of C. coturnix coturnix and capensis. It will be seen that, though in the
" habitat " the sweeping statement " Africa " is made, not a single skin from
that continent, except two from Egypt, was known to be in the British Museum
in 1893, when vol. xxii. of the Cat. B. was published. The fact is, that it only
breeds in Egypt and in Africa Minor, i.e. in the fertile districts of Marocco,
Algeria, Tunisia, and Tripoli. It passes through the Nile Valley and winters in
great numbers in parts of Abyssinia, and has been recorded from the White
Nile, Kordofan, and Rcichenow mentions one as obtained by Emin at Mahagi
in Uganda. The Quail also passes through the Western Sahara south of Algeria,
and must winter in the districts immediately south of the Sahara, but the only
western localities on record seem to be as follows : Rendall says that they were
common on the Gambia in February and March, but it seems that skins were
not preserved. There is, however, a skin of a female in the British Jluseum,
which was recorded as ajricana in the Cat. B. p. 238, but it belongs to C. c. coturnix.
Shelley and Buckley say that they shot one at Accra, but did not preserve it !
Verreaux gives as locaUty the Casamanze, but before the specimen is re-examined,
one cannot be certain about it. Boyd Alexander shot a S near Mafoni (at
"Marou"), south-west of Lake Chad in Northern Hausaland, on November 21st,
1904, which I have examined.

As the occurrence of the South African Quail in all these districts is not

NOTTTATEB ZoOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 421

known, a pairing of European and African Quail cannot take place, unles.s one
surmises that the former make a circular flight round the Atlantic Islands
(Madeira, Azores, Canaries), where close allies of C. c. africana ( = capensis) are
found ; but even then there would be no .sensible explanation how the results
of their wickedness could reach such extraordinarily different places as Cape
Colony, Gibraltar, England, Austria, Hungary, Greece, and India : all places
where, according to Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, "intermediate forms," i.e. hybrids
(of. his explanations on p. 231, and the labels in the British Museum),
are found. The fact is, that the supposed hybrid specimens from South Africa
are less typical C. c. africana, and those from Europe red-faced varieties of the
type of the so-called Coturnix baldami and others ; mostly the former can be
distinguished by their shorter wings, though otherwise, in coloration, hght
varieties of C. c. africana and dark ones of C. c. coturnix are sometimes difficult
to distinguish.

The European C. c. coturnix, besides nesting in Europe and North Africa,
extends in Asia as far east as Lake BaUial, but not farther eastwards. Mr.
Ogilvie-Grant said that it occurred in Asia "except the south-west corner, Siam,
etc.," but he evidently meant south-east corner ; he admits skins from China
and Japan as C. c. coturnix, s.nA in the same places ever so many hybrids between
the latter and japonica. This is a mistake. On p. 230 he gave one to under-
stand that he was going to explain the changes of plumage in the C. c. japonica,
but he has not done so, and evidently himself misunderstood them. He accepts
that the adult male — apparently at all seasons — has the " sides of the head,
chin, and throat uniform dull brick-red, without a trace of the anchor-shaped
mark," while adult females and young males have the throat-feathers elongate
and lanceolate. Now the moults of the Quails are very interesting : there is
a complete moult of the entire plumage after the breeding season, but there
is also another, partial, moult in the spring ; this latter moult is apparently
restricted to the head, neck, back, and chest, and it seems to be very irregular,
some signs of moult being found in winter, while even in May Mr. Witherby
shot moulting males in South-west Persia. In the European Quail this moult
produces no evident difference in plumage at all, while in the eastern race, C. c.
japonica, it produces a very marked change ! The throat-feathers are elongate
and lanceolate in winter, and in winter only. Every winter bird with trust-
worthy date, both male and female, has these elongate and lanceolate feathers,
though they vary in length and pointedness, and every spring-bird has rounded,
shorter, " ordinary " throat-feathers. Moreover, there are in the British
Museum and in the Rothschild collection males which clearly moult from the
hackle-throated plumage into the round-feathered, rufous-throated one. These
birds, according to their state of plumage, are fully adult, and not at all juvenile
individuals. In the adult males in spring the whole throat is dull brick-red,
but the black anchor-shaped mark is sometimes indicated or even well developed.
In the winter the male has the throat white, mostly with a more or less deve-
loped black mark along the middle ; the female has no black mark on the
throat, and differs, of course, from the male in having the crop and chest more
or less spotted, Uke females of the other subspecies of Quails. The adult female
in spring and summer is so much like that of C. c. coturnix that I am unable to
give constant distinguishing -characters, though C. c. japonica is generally
smaller : \vings, <J 98-102, ? 100-106, against S 104-115, ? 106-117 mm. in C. c.

28

422 . NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

coturnix. Since C. c. coturnix is never found in East Asia, hybrids between it
and C. c. japonica do not and cannot occur.

More difficult than the distinction between the western and eastern races,
C. c. coturnix and japonica, are the forms which inhabit Africa and the Atlantic
islands.

According to Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, C. c. africana (his capensis) inhabits " South
Africa, south of about 15° S. lat., Mauritius, Madagascar, Comoro Islands,
Cape Verd Islands, Canaries, Madeira, and Azores." Ihis would be a most
astounding distribution and requires much investigation and alteration. It
would mean that the same form inhabited South Africa and the Cape Verd Isles,
with no such Quail in an area of 25 degrees of latitude between the two areas,
i.e. the Cunene River and the Cape Verd Islands. But, worse luck, the Quail,
inhabiting the Cape Verd Islands is not at all of the group of africana ! It is
true that there is a male in the British Museum, presented by Bouvier, which
belongs to C. c. africana and is labelled as coming from the Cape Verd Isles, but
no date and no exact locality is given. I therefore do not accept tliis evidence
at all, since more recently Boyd Alexander collected a nice little series on Sao
Nicolau and other islands, and caught the downy young, showing that these
Quails breed there in November ! Now, these Quails are hardly distinguish-
able from the European C. c. coturnix, but they are smaller : wings, S 99-106,
? 100-105 mm., against 104-115 and 106-117 mm. in C. c. coturnix. From the
specimens examined I am not able to state constant differences in colour, but
it seems that the throat is oftener spotted and the neck above more brownish.
I name the Cape Verd Quail :

Coturnix cohimix inopinata subsp. nov.

Type: <J ad., Sao Nicolau, 7. xi. 1897, Boyd Alexander coll. (In the
Tring Museum.)

Proceeding northwards, we come next to the Canary Islands. From observa-
tions by various ornithologists, it seems certain that the European C. c. coturnix
passes through these islands on migration while another form of the africana
group is breeding and resident. From the material hitherto examined I am
unable to separate the birds from the Canaries from those which inhabit Madeira.

The Madeira Quail resembles C. c. conturbans, but is larger ; the upperside
looks generally lighter, though the rump is in most specimens much darker,
blacker, but the light shaft-stripes are wider, the upper wing-coverts darker and
not so cinnamon-brown ; the throat shows more white, and in the majority
of specimens the middle of the abdomen is lighter and mostly quite white. The
wings of Madeiran males measure 106-112, females 107-113 mm., in males from
the Canary Islands, 107-110, once 104, once 103 mm. I was, however, only
able to examine 3 males and 5 females from Madeira, altogether 9 <J and 3 ? from
the Canary Islands, in the British, Tring (2 (J), and Liverpool (1 (j, 1 ? in the
Tristram collection) Museums. Some Canary Islands males resemble more C. c.
conturbans, especially the male in the Liverpool Museum. There is, as usual
in Quails, much variation.

I name this form :

NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXIV. 1917. 423

Cotumix cotumix confisa subsp. no v.

Type: S ad. 12. ix. 1903, Ponta de Pargo, Madeira. Received from
Padre Schmitz. (In the Tring Museum.)

In the last group of North Atlantic Isles, the Azores, Quails are also
common and resident.

Now, the Azores birds are, strange to say, almost exactly like the South
African C. c. africana, a fact which, in consideration of the enormous distance
of their two areas, is most unexpected. There is. however, one difference : the
outer aspect of the wings, that is to say, the upper wdng-coverts and inner
secondaries are of a more rusty cinnamon-brown tinge, wliile they are darker
and generally more olivaceous in C. c. africana. There appears to be no con-
stant difTerence in size, though the wngs of twenty specimens measured do
not reach beyond 105 mm., while they go to 109 mm. in C. c. africana. I pro-
pose to call the Azores Quail :

Cotumix cotumix conturbans subsp. nov.

Type : o' ad. Santa Maria, 400 ft., 3. iii. 1903. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant coll.
(In the Tring Museum.)

Last of all, let us consider the distribution of the real C. c. africana. As I
have said above, according to Mr. Ogilvie-Grant it inhabits South Africa south
of about 15° S. lat., Mauritius, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Cape Verd Islands,
Canaries, ^Madeira, and Azores. I have already discussed the Atlantic Islands,
where other subspecies, but not typical africana, are resident. The birds, on
the other hand, from the Comoro Isles, Madagascar, and JIauritius are, I am
only too glad to agree, indistinguishable from South African ones, though I
must say that I have seen only one single bird without history said to be from
Mauritius, in the British Museum : there is no proof that it actually came from
Mauritius, where it might not be at home at all. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant also
enumerates a skin of a female from the Ciambia, but this is, in my opinion, a
specimen of the migratory European C. c. cotumix. Moreover, since the Cata-
logue of Birds, vol. xxii., was ^vritten, we have some evidence of the extension,
in Eastern Africa, north of the Zambesi, while in the west it is not known to
occur north of the Cunene River. Tliere are several specimens in the British
Museum from Nyassaland. Von Stegniann shot one south of the Kai'issimbi
volcano (north of Lake Kivu), and Rudolf Grauer collected one on the foot-hills
of the same mountain ; Reichenow mentions a specimen from the Rugege forest ;
Crawshai obtained one north-east of Fort Smith, in Kikuvn ; all these latter
were single specimens, which seems to show that the bird is rare in all these
places, but Dr. van Someren says that near Eiubu and Kyambu in British East
Africa it is sometimes common.

There is also a skin in the Britieh Museum, collected near Gibraltar by the
late Colonel Irby. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant called it an " intermediate form between
Cotumix cotumix and C. africana," but to me it seems to be a male of the
South African africana ; it agrees with the latter in colour, the wing-coverts
being very deep brown, but the wng measures about 110 mm., which is very
long for africana. It is marked " spring 1872," no exact date being given ; tlie
primaries of the left wing are torn out. \\'eie Colonel Irby alive, he could

424 NOVITATES ZoOLoaiCAE XXIV. 1.917.

doubtless tell us how he got it, but he evidently did not shoot it, and one cannot
but regret the absence of its full history. If it is a South African Quail, it
cannot have been wild at Gibraltar ; the same can be said if it should be an aber-
rantly dark Madei'ran bird. That it is a hybrid is, in my opinion, absolutely
impossible, nor is there any evidence, as it is typically dark and red for africana,
not in the least intermediate between the latter and C. c. cohirnix.

Colonel Irby tells us that Spanish shooters and bird-catchers distinguish
between the resident and migratory Quails, and says that he also found them
to be different. I have very little confidence in such vague statements of bird-
catchers and shooters ; they may have once established such a statement, possibly
based on comparison of the breeding birds in spring with autumnal migrants,
and then repeated it from generation to generation ; but it is difficult to under-
stand that an excellent observer and field-ornithologist like the late Colonel
Irby should have omitted to collect specimens to show these differences. Apart
from the dark varieties of Valencia (which occur also in Italy and elsewhere,
also among cage-birds), there are comparatively many very bright-coloured birds
among the half dozen Spanish Quails which I have been able to compare, but
a series is nowhere available ; there is, however, no probability that a separate
subspecies occurs in Spain, since the birds from North-west Africa do not differ
from C. c. coturnix.

We have now to distinguish the following races of G. coturnix :

C. coturnix coturnix (L.).

Europe to Yenisey and Lake Baikal, south to Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia,
Egypt, and Persia, also in small numbers nesting in North-west India.
Wintering chiefly in Northern Tropical Africa south of the Sahara (south to
Gambia and Abyssinia), in Arabia and India.

? C. coturnix corsicana Tschusi.

Described from two winter birds, which were smaller and darker. Other
Quails from Corsica (Laubmann, Hartert) are typical C. c. coturnix. but they
may be migratory birds. Material from the spring and summer months must
be compared in order to settle the question of a possible Corsican race.

C. coturnix confisa Hart.
Madeira and Canary Islands.

C. coturnix inopinata Hart. •

Cape Verd Islands.

C. coturnix conturbans Hart.

Azores.

C. coturnix africana Temm. and Schleg.*
South Africa, in the east north to Uganda ; Madagascar, and Comoro Islands.

* Called in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus, xxii. C. capensis, but it is now universally known that the
earlier name a/ricana had been overlooked, and Mr. Ogilvie-Grant usesit too in hie recent writings,
as in 1905 and 1912.

NonfATES ZOOLOGICAB XXIV. 1917. 425

G. coturnix erlangeri Zedl.

Near Harar in Abyssinia. According to Erlanger and Zedlitz, \^ith black
instead of rufous jugulum.

C. coturnix japonica Jemm. and Schleg.

East Siberia from Dauria (Transbaikalia) to the Amur and Ussuriland,
south to China and Japan. In winter to Hainan and Formosa, in small num-
bers to Burma and Bhutan. (Not known from the Loo-Choo (Riu-Kiu) Islands.)

426 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAB XXIV. Ifll?.

DESCEIPTION OF THE FEMALE OF TROIDES
ALLOT TE I EOTHSCH.

By H. M. PEEBLES, F.E.S, AND W. SCHMASSMANN, F.E.S.

Head and thorax. Velvety black, with no trace of red on sides below ;
abdomen grey on top, golden yellow on sides and below. Basal segment black
with golden spot on each side, second segment darker on top than the remain-
ing ones, black lateral spots on segments 3-7. Below segments 1-7 are divided
by black.

Forewing above. Brownish black with spots in cell, apical and discal area
suffused with brownish grey. In upper third of cell, close to the upper median,
a quadrate spot of 3 mm., and at a distance of 3 mm. from the lower median
an elongate spot of 7 mm. by 3 mm. opposite D*. In apical area a row of
four elongated spots between SC and R=, those between SC* and SC'-R' are
wedge-shaped and pointed towards base but rounded towards apex. The
other two are rounded off towards base but cut off oblique at the apical end.
Three spots are nearly of same length, 15 mm., but the one between SC'-R' is
25 mm. long. Counting from costa, the basal termination of the spots Nos. 1, 3,
and 4 form a straight line. Nos. 3 and 4 each with brownish spot. Between
vein R'"', at a distance of 15 mm. from margin, a small triangular spot of 3 mm.,
and 6 mm. from it a small submarginal spot, one of a row of four, of which
those between veins SM'-R^ are placed closer towards margin. Counting from
hindmargin Nos. 1 and 4 are of equal size, 2 mm., No. 3 half the size, and No. 2
double the size in length but the same in width. There are three discal spots,
of which the one between M' and M' is the largest, 22 mm. long and 7 mm. wide,
cut off straight towards base, but pointed at marginal end close to vein M',
which applies also to the spot between SM' and M', but which is only half the
size. The third spot between R' and M' is the smallest, segment^shaped, and
3 mm. from cell. Row of four black submarginal spots of underside showing
faintly on upperside.

Hindwing above. Basal half deep brownish black, veins and margin (3 mm.)
the same colour. There are six discal spots and the same number of submar-
ginal spots. The discal spots are of slightly lighter colour tlian those of the
forewing ; the submarginal spots are heavily shaded with brownish black. The
discal spots do not touch the cell, which has no spot. Both wings have short
white marginal fringes between veins.

Forewing beloti'. Ground-colour deeper brownish black, markings the same
as above but more whitish in colour.

Hindwing below. Nearly black, darker than forewing, markings as above
with the exception of an additional discal spot between C and SC of grey
colour. The submarginal spot between these veins pale j'ellow. The other
discal spots whitish and the submarginal ones lighter than above.

Length of fore^ving : 97 mm. Expanse: 201 mm.

One specimen in coll. H. M. Peebles.

NOVITATEB ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 427

[Pere Allotte, who sent me the a type of the species, was convinced that
it was a hybrid between Troide-s priatnus urvilleariiis and Troides victoriae regis.
The underside of the ?, and the neuration of the fore wings in both (J and $, which
is exactly intermediate between the above two species, gives a great confirma-
tion of this idea ; however, the fact of the two known ^^ being exactly alike
and the great scarcity of hybrids in nature makes me doubt the correctness
of this theory. — Rothschild.]

428 XOVITATEe ZOOLOGICAB XXIV. 1 017.

NEW AFRICAN GEOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.
SuBFAM. OENOCHROMINAE.
1. Cartaletis libyssa natalensis subsp. nov.

Abdomen with the white spots smaller than in I. libyssa, I. montcironis, and
I. etheliiirla. the black area which separates the dorsal and lateral rows broader
than their diameter. Ground-colour slightly deeper than in I. libyssa.

Forewing with the black border on an average broader, its proximal edge
very gently and ahnost evenly curved, or sometimes slightly bent about M'
(never with the strong bend in front of M' which is so frequent in the other forms
named) ; the contained white spot.^ generally somewhat smaller, the last one
(behind M') nearly always wanting (if present, quite rudimentary).* Hind-
wing with the black border generally widened.

C4riqualand to Pondoland. Type S. Durban (G. F. Leigh), in coll. Tring
JIuseum.

This form has stood in the British Museum collection as libyssa and has
consequently been mentioned under that name by Rogers, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. 1908, p. 522, as " the well-known south-eastern species." Hopflcr, how-
ever, described and figured the species from Mozambique, and his form inhabits
German East Africa, Zanzibar, etc., differing only frcm the form monieironis
Druce in its deeper colour. The new form similarlj' differs only from concolor
Warr. in its deeper colour, and it is not impossible that we are dealing
with two species — libyssa = monieironis = ethelinda and concolor = natalensis.
Warren labelled this Natal form rubra, but I have departed from my usual
practice of adopting an available MS. name, inasmuch as the reddest race in
the collective species (or group) is ethelinda Kirb}% from Nyassaland.

SuBFAM. HEMITHEINAE.
2. Prasinocyma tranquilla spec. nov.

cJ, 22 mm. ; 2, 26 mm. Face and palpus hght red-brown ; palpus in o
scarcely longer than diameter of eye, in ? fully one-and-a-half times as long,
with third joint Uttle elongate. Vertex narrow!}' white ; occiput green. Thorax
above green, beneath whitish ; abdomen mostly whitish. Hindtibia in (J not
dilated.

Forewing with SC anastomosing with C ; smooth, uniform malachite green,
without white irroration or strigulation ; costal edge narrowly pale cchreous ;
cell-dot very faintly indicated in darker green ; fringe green proximally, white

distally. Hindwing with termen smooth, rounded, tornus not produced ;

concolorous with forewing, at base of costa more whitish ; cell-dot as on fore-
wing or scarcely indicated ; fringe as on forewing.

• It is curious that Hopffer's figure (of libyssa name-type) does not show this spot, but it is
mentioned in his description ; it is generally well developed in this and the nearly allied races.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. «2tt

Both wings beneath slightly paler, the posterior half of forewing inclining to
whitish.

Diredaua, N.W. of Harar, 1914 (G. Kristensen). A long series, mostly Sd,
in coll. Tring Museum.

The shade of green — almost identical with that of the forewing of Rhadinom-
phax divincta Walk. — distinguishes this species at a glance from its allies.

3. Pseudheniithea exomila spec. nov.

(J, 24 mm. Face and palpus red. Vertex narrowly white ; occiput green.
Antenna wth minute ciliation, less than half as long as diameter of shaft.
Thorax and abdomen greenish above, whitish beneath ; crests scarcely developed.
Hindtibia with all spurs.

Forewing with apex very slightly produced, termen little oblique anteriorly,
slightly gibbous in middle, oblique posteriorly ; SC connate or shortly stalked,
anastomosing at a point with C ; dull oUve green, slightly irrorated with white ;
costal edge narrowlj' ochreous ; a thick lunulate-dentate white postniedian line
from near costa at nearly three-fourths, incurved between the radials and be-
tween M' and SM', the outward teeth at R' and M' strong ; fringe concolorous.

• Hindwing with termen gibbous, slightly bent at R', but not at R' ; C closely

approximated to SC for a short distance beyond the point of anastomosis ; post-
median line as on forewing.

Underside whitish, shaded (especially on the forewing) wth olive, the fore-
wing with the costal region and both wings with the fringe deeper olive, the
forewing with slight indications of the white postmedian line, proximally to
which the olive shading is rather strong.

Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons, 2,000 ft., September — November 1911 (G. L.
Bates). Type in coll. Tring Museum. Paratype (wet season, without date)
in coll. Joicey, considerably rubbed, but with the postmedian hne evidently
rather less thick.

Quite aberrant in the presence of the median spurs and in several minor
characters, but clearly belonging to the Hemithea group and best referred for
the present to Psevdhemithea, on account of the minute palpus.

SuBFAM. STERRHINAE.
4. Somatina probleptica spec. nov.

<J ?, 30-31 mm. Face black, narrowly white below. Palpus short, white
above and on outer side brown with a few black scales. Antenna in <J dentate,
with fascicles of longish ciUa, in $ minutely ciliated. Vertex, thorax, and ab-
domen white ; abdomen in S rather elongate. Hindtibia in S rather strongly
dilated, a strong tuft of pale yellowish hairs from femoro-tibial joint, tarsus
abbreviated (its extremity lost). I

Wings shaped as in figurata Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv. 01).

Forewing with areole single in both the examples,* SO' arising from ex-
tremity of areole (?) or barely stalked (cj) ; white, without the grey irroration
of figurata ; lines grey, not very strong ; antemedian almost obsolete, scmewhat
curved and sinuous, marked between SM* and hindmargin by two or three black

• Cf. Nov. Zool. xxii. 328.

430 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXIV. 1917.

scales ; cell-mark brown, tripartite, scmewliat interruptedly edged with silvery,
the anterior element (at and beyond apex of areole) crescentic, the posterior
(at hinder angle of cell) round, almost completely silver-ringed, the distal (on
R') smaller ; median and postmedian hnes formed nearly as in figurata, the
teeth smaller ; proximal submarginal spots between R' and hindmargin rather
strong, distal small ; terminal line very fine, black, thickened into conspicuous
black dots between most of the veins.- — Hindiring without first line ; cell-mark
pale brown, silver-edged except in front, reaching from R' to M', its proximal
edge sUghtly sinuate anteriorly, its distal gradually projecting to R', then sharply
retracted ; markings of outer half corresponding to those of forewing.

Underside white, ^^-ith the markings scarcely discernible.

N. Nigeria : Bauchi Province, Panyam, 1910 (G. T. Fox), type S ; Baro,
September 11, 1910 (Scott Macfie), paratype $. Both in coll. Brit. Mus.

5. Somatina virginalis spec. nov.

S ?. Superficially scarcely, if at all, distinguishable from vestalis Butl.
(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xvi. 419), from Natal and the Cape. 6 hindtibia
strongly dilated, with a dense hair-pencil, spurs wanting, tarsus greatly abbre-
viated (in vestalis the S hindtibia is not dilated and bears a pair of well-developed
spurs and the hindtarsus is fully developed).

Forewing with the dark distal cloudings between the radials, which in

vest<dis arc often (though not invariably) well developed, weak or wanting.

Hindwing usually with the discal patch continued (often without narrowing) to
the abdominal margin, whereas in vestalis it is only connected with the
abdominal margin by a single hne.

Entebbe, Uganda. Type in coll. Tring Museum.

More widely distributed than its twin species, occurring in Sierra Leone,
Congo, Angola, Unyoro, British and German East Africa, Nyassaland. The
range of the two overlaps, for I have before me a single S of vestalis collected
by Dr. Ansorge in Kavirondo (Makombi).

6. Problepsis digammata Kirby.

Problepsia digammata W. F. Kirby, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xviii. 396 (1896) (nom. nov.).
Argyris lalonaria var. Walk., List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxiii. 807 (1861) (nee. Guen.).

Face black above, white below. Vertex white. Antenna in <J with short
pectinations, commencing as mere teeth, becoming at longest less than twice
diameter of shaft, all surmounted with long eolation ; in 9 shortly cihated.
Collar tinged with ochreous. Thorax and abdomen white. Foreleg shghtly
infuscated on inner side ; hindtibia in o rather long, moderately thickened,
tarsus strongly abbreviated (less than one-fourth tibia).

Foreicing white ; discal ocellus long and narrow, closed posteriorly (just
behind M"), open anteriorly (at R'), its proximal side (that on DC) joined
anteriorly to a supplementary mark which runs outward along R' for about
3 mm. ; the outhnes of these markings fuscous, mixed with metaUic silvery, a
filhng-in of ochre-yeDow between base of R' and M' and in the longitudinal
streak of R' ; a faint grey line from ocellus to hindmargin ; postmedian line
brownish grey, somewhat wavy, a httle incurved between M' and SM', sharply

NOVITATES ZooLoaicAE XXIV. 1917. 431

angled on R', becoming oblique inward anteriorly, but here usually weak or
obsolescent ; double subterminal line grey, rather weak, the proximal more or
less broken into spots, course similar to that of postmedian but with the angle
at R' less strong ; terminal line fine, continuous ; fringe white, with slightly
smoky central and distal lines (sometimes with their interspace also somewhat

smoky). Hindwing marked almost as in aegretta Feld., but wthout proximal

line.

Underside white ; costal edge of forewing tinged with ochreous.

Natal, common, the type cJ from Durban, in coll. Brit. Mus., ex coll.
Guentzius. Also from British East Africa, Pemba Island, Zanzibar, East
Griqualand, Uganda, Sierra Leone, etc.

Probably the cf mmonest African species of the genus, though only hitherto
made kno^nl through Walker's very brief description. Misidentified by Warren
as aegretta, the true aegretta being his digammata as pubhshed, though his earlier
manuscript, used by Kirby, had applied the name digammata to the present
species.

7. Problepsis similinotata spec. nov.

cJ, 34-38 mm. Extremely like the preceding, of which nearly the whole
description is appMcable. Face less clear white (more fuscous-mixed) in lower
part. Antennal pectinations rudimentary throughout.

Forewing with the discal mark broader, its outer side being farther frcm
cell and nearly or quite connected by some ochre-yellow shading with the end
of the longitudinal streak of R' (the general contour thus more recalling that of
meroearia Saalm., Lep. Madag. 218. t. 5. f. 67) ; postmedian line stronger, rather
brighter ochreous ; proximal subterminal spots thickened between the radials
and between M' and SM'.

Upper Congo: Yakusu, May 1900, type; Bopoto, May 1903. Both in
coll. Tring Museum, collected by Rev. Kenred Smith.

A ? from Ogriiga, River Niger, Avith terminal line obsolete, probably also
belongs here, though rather smaller than would be expected for that sex (scarcely
34 mm.).

8. Problepsis aegretta insculpta subsp. nov.

o, 42 mm. ; ?, 46 mm. Larger than aegretta Feld. [Reise Novara, Lep.
Het. t. 128. f. 14), from South Africa, all the markings stronger.

Forewing with the outUnes of the ocellus complete, olivaceous brownish,

edged proximally from SC to M with black. Hindicing with the proximal

and distal sides of the silvery cell-mark connected along the base of R' by a
silver streak.

Escarpment, British East Africa, 6,500-9,000 ft., March 1901, <? type;
January 1901, ? (W. Doherty). Also a slightly worn example from Toro,
Uganda, January 1902 (F. J. Jackson). All in coll. Tring Museum.

Probably Guenee's htonaria {Spec. Gen. Lip. x. 14) was a worn ? of aegretta,
which varies in the direction of weakened markings even when in fine condition ;
his name would take priority.

432 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

9. Problepsis flavistigma dilatistigma subsp. nov.

(J ?, 45-50 mm. Larger than flavistigma flavistigma Swdnh. (Tr. Eni. Soc.
Land. 1904, p. 564), from Sierra Leone. Hindwing with termen rather more
regularly rounded, ocellus expanding behind M and R', measuring 2 mm. at
M' (in /. flavistigma 1 mm.).

Escarpment, British East Africa. 6,500-9,000 ft., October— November 1900,
January 1901 (W. Dohcrty), S type, another S, 3 ?? in coll. Tring Museum, all
with the lines feebly expressed, terminal line wanting ; also a more .strongly
marked example from Nairobi. Here belongs also Swinhoe's second <J (loc. cit.).

Might be mistaken at first glance for a weakly marked form of aegretta , which ,
however, was taken in the same locality in a very strongly marked form (see
supra). Distinguishable by the rather longer antennal pectinations (about
four times the diameter of shaft, in aegretta nearly three times), longer tarsus
(two-thirds tibia, in aegretta scarcely one-half), blacker face (lower half whitish
in aegretta), position of median line of forewing (well beyond the discal mark
instead of running to it) and almost entire absence of silvery scales at ab-
dominal margin of hindwing. Possibly both flavistigma and dilatistigma are
forms of ochripida Warr (Nov. Zool. viii. 10), from 8t. Thome, of which I
know only the type S, with shorter, weaker ocelli (not crossing R') and median
line more distally placed (on forewing mid\\ay between ocellus and postmedian,
on hindwing just beyond ocellus (in flavistigma crossing it)). The " Sierra
Leone " example cited by Warren Hoc. cit.) must certainlj- have been the
British Museum specimen (acquired in 1899), which later serv^ed as Swinhoe's
type of flavistigma, for no such specimen exists in the Tring Museum.

10. Anacosymbia chrysoparalias spec. nov.

(J, 26 mm. Face and uppcrsidc of palpus dull dark red ; palpus beneath
pale ochreous. Vertex and antenna yellowish white, the latter in places marked
with rufous. Collar ochreous. Thorax and abdomen mostly concolorous -ttith
wings, front of thorax vinaceous, abdomen dorsally mixed with dark purplish.
Hindtarsus as long as tibia.

Forewing vinaceous cinnamon, strongly mixed with rufous ; costal edge
to about three-fourths narrowly jcUowish white ; lines dark olive-grey, almost
black ; antemedian rather thick, ill-defined, sinuous; median thick, well be-
yond the cell-spot, rather strongly sinuous, the inward bend beyond the middle
stronger than in albivertex 8winh. (Tr. Ent. Soc. Land. 1892, p. 15) ; post-
median fine, hinulate-dcntate, the hmule inward between M' and SM' deepest,
sUght inward bends near costa and between the radials ; cell-dot large ; a

shghtly interrupted blue-black terminal line. Hindwing with shght olivaceous

admixture in proximal area ; antemedian Une wanting ; median continuing the
antemedian of forewing, formed as in albivertex Swinh. ; postmedian formed
about as on forewing, continuing median of forewing ; cell-dot elongate ;
tcnninal line as on forewing.

Underside pinkish bufl', slightly more vinaceous in middle of forewing ;
both wings with a vague pinkish grey subterminal fine, that of forewing nearlj-
as above, that of hindwing as near termen as on forewing ; terminal line feeble,
olivaceous.

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917. 433

Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury). Type in coll. Tring Museum.

Very similar to the Indian albiveitex ; smaller, redder, distinguishable also
bj- the whitish costal edge, blackish terminal line, relatively slightly longer
hindtarsus, etc.

11. Ptochophyle apicirubra spec. nov.

(J, 21 mm. Head and body ochre-yellow. Antennal shaft spotted with
red ; pectinations black.

Forewing rather short and broad, with costa scmewhat arched ; areola
moderately long, SC shortly stalked bejcnd, M' well separate ; ochre-yellcw,
with scattered rufous dots in places (chiefly at base, proximal half of costa,
across middle of wing and in tornal region) ; a large apical patch (at costa about
4 mm. ; terminating on hindmargin at M') ; brick-red mixed with dragon's-
blood-red and blackish and containing a few dots and spots of the ground-
colour ; fringe concolorous with this patch and posteriorly with the ground-
colour. Hindwing with termen shghtly bent in middle ; M' about connate ;

ochre-yellow, dotted with rufous.

Underside concolorous, with less rufous dots (chiefly developed along costal
margin of forewing) and with the apical patch more blackened.

Ambinanindrano, 50 km. W. of Mohanoro, Madagascar, December 5, 1914
(G. K. Kestell-Cornish). Type and another in coll. Tring Museum.

12. Chrysocraspeda leighata holobapta subsp. nov.

Both wings as far as the j'ellow border dull Indian purple ; terminal purple
dots well developed.

Kassai district, Congo Free State (Taj'mans). T3'pe in coll. Tring Museum.
Also from Rau, Nandi Country, February 24, 1899 (Dr. Ansorge), in the same
collection.

C. leighata leighata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xi. 466) is only known to me from
Natal.

SuBFAM. LARENTIINAE.
13. Eupithecia subscriptaria spec. nov.

?, 20 mm. Head and body concolorous wth wings. Palpus nearly twice
diameter of eye ; more heavily irrorated (thus appearing fuscous) except the
first and a part of the second joint beneath. Fore and middle legs infuscated
on one side, except the extremities of the joints. Abdomen above slightly
belted with brown, but less markedly than in the European scriptaria Freyer.

Forewing dirty white, mostly rather closely irrorated with fuscous, leaving
clear, or almost clear, the wavy transverse markings ; at costal margin the
irroration is somewhat condensed into ill-defined spots at the commenctment of
a rather well-marked subbasal hne, a vague narrow band succeeding it, part
of the median area (proximally to the cell-dot) and a postmedian hne ; the
broadest and clearest white band arises at nearly one-third costa, is bent in ceil
and behind fold, the middle part of its course being strongly cbUque inward,
and separates the proximal from the median area ; ill-defined whitish lines
traverse the median area, those about and beyond the cell-dot being the thickest
and most conspicuous ; the double postmedian dark line which Hmits this area

434 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1017.

is more distally placed than the corresponding lines in scriptaria, angled
outward about R' and inward at M' ; distal area weakly clouded, the dentate
subterminal line interrupted, rather near the termen, reaching it at tornus ;
cell-dot rather large, black ; terminal dashes moderately strong ; fringe some-
what chequered. Hindwinrj with termen .straight or very shghtly concave

from before R' to R' ; costal margin pale, the rest nearly as on forewing. though
somewhat more weakly marked, except at abdominal margin ; cell-dot small
but distinct ; the double whitish line which separates median from distal area
fairly well developed, strongly bent inward about M'.

Underside scarcely irrorated, thus appearing whiter, with shght fuscous
suffusion on forewing except at posterior margin ; cell-dots sharp ; a single
dark po.stmedian line and a proximal subterminal fairly well developed, especi-
ally the former.

E. Transvaal : White River, 1910 (A. J. t'ooke). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
I have also seen a rather worn $ from Three Sisters, March 11. 1911, in coll.
A. J. T. Jane.

14. Eupithecia infelix spec. nov.

(J, 22-23 mm. Head and bodj' above dark fuscous, on abdomen mixed
with black, the face with a decided tinge of red ; underside of body and legs
light brownish. Palpus moderate, rough-scaled, pale at base, otherwise mixed
with black on outer side. Antennal ciliation minute. Abdominal crests small,
each succeeded by a small pale dot.

Forewing moderately elongate, costa shghtly curved, apex not very sharp,
termen strongly obhcj^ue, shghtly curved ; pale brown with a slight reddish tinge
and with minute but copious dark grey irroration ; costa with irregular black
spots, the most prominent being at the proximal and distal boundaries of the
median area ; some short black dashes on M in median area, on SM nearly
throughout and shghtly on some of the other veins distally ; the transverse
dark markings otherwise not well developed, angulated in middle of cell and
about R^ posteriorly nearly parallel with termen, somewhat wavj- ; post-
median somewhat obUque inward at costa, angled inward subcostally ; cell-
spot black, conspicuous, somewhat elongate, slightly obhque outward ; band
distally to median area shghtly paler and more brownish, with the intersecting
line feeble ; subterminal hne white, consisting of small wedge-shaped interreural
markings from costa to M' and a large, somewhat elongate subterminal mark
between M' and SM' ; shght dark shading proximally and distally to these
white markings; terminal line black, interrupted at the veins, somewhat
thickened between ; fringe largeh' clouded with grey, paler distallj^ and with

a fine, shghtly intsrrupted and whitish line at its base, Hindtving elongate,

but with apex nearly rounded ; rather paler than forewing, proximally and
anteriorly less tinged with reddish ; cell-dot black , not elongate ; hues indi-
cated at abdominal margin, two beyond the middle usually traceable across the
wing, curved about R' ; distal area occupied by a vague band, the subtemiinal
line obsolete, excepting a roundish subtornal spot ; terminal line w-eak ; fringe
rather pale, dark -chequered.

Underside less reddish-tinged : lines moderatel}' strong at costal margin
of forewing, the postmedian generally traceable throughout on forewing and

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 435

several lines sometimes on hindwing ; both wings with distinct cell-dot (that
of forewing sometimes less elongate than above) and indications of pale sub-
tornal spot ; termen and fringes nearly as above.

Transvaal (A. J. Cholmley), 2 cJcJ, 1 ? (including type <?) in coll. Brit. Mus.,
Durban, September 1902 (G. F. Leigh), a cJ, somewhat damaged by grease, in
the same collection.

An obscurely marked species, though less so than lugubriaria Swinh. {Tr.
Ent. Soc. Land. 1904, p. 573), with which it has much in common.

SuBFAM. GEOMETRINAE.

15. Mauna electa spec. nov.

(J, 30-32 mm. Head and palpus red. Antenna nearly simple, shghtly
thickened. Thorax above red, mixed with purphsh ; beneath mostly pale,
reddish in front. Abdomen whiti.sh ochreous, tinged with red on venter and
more strongly (though narrowly) on first few segments above. Legs whitish
ochreous, the fore and middle pairs red on inner side, the forecoxa strongly red
in front, hindtibia irrorated with red.

Wings shaped nearly as in ardescens Prout (Ann. Transv. Mus. v. 170. t.
25. f. 29), termen sUghtlj' more convex.

Forewing with SC connected by bar with SC'-' ; orange-red, suffused nearly
throughout (except along hindmargin) with purple, darkest in proximal area ;
lines blackish purple, very oblique, rather approximated, the antemedian
obsolete anteriorly, feeble throughout, chiefly traceable as boundary of dark
proximal shade ; postmedian from close to apex to just beyond middle of hind-
margin, slightly excurved. Hindwing whitish ochreous, shading into reddish

ochreous distally.

Both wings beneath whitish, costal edge of forewng bright ochreous, of
hindwing (more broadly) roseate ; both wings with distal margin roseate, broadly
at apex, narrowing off posteriorly ; this distal shading deeper on forewing than
on hindwing.

Nyassaland : Mlanje Mountain, March 25,1913, type; July 5, 1913, para-
type (S. A. Neave). Both in coll. Brit. Mus.

16. Cleora proemia spec. nov.

S, 32 mm. Face and palpus dark reddish brown ; palpus about one-and-
a-half times diameter of eye. Vertex and antennal shaft light wood-brown ;
pectinations long, only the few apical very abrujJtly shortened. Thorax and
abdomen light wood-brown, with darker irroration ; second abdcminal teigite
blackish brown, with a very small paler spot in the centre ; succeeding tergites
each with a small dark anterior spot. Legs partly infuscated ; hindtibia not
dilated.

Forewing with termen smooth, curved, becoming strongly oblique ; fovea
well developed ; SC moderately or rather long stalked ; hght wood-brown,
with fine darkened irroration ; costal edge dark -spotted, in particular with
three narrow, relatively long marks (the longest 1 mm.) at the origin cf the
Lines ; first at 4 or 5 mm. from base, the hne itself only indicated by two small
longitudinal (but rather oblique) dark dashes, just in front of M and SM' respec-
tively, the former as far from base as the costal mark, the latter twice as near

436 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

base ; median shade sometimes obsolete, sometimes faintly traceable in grey-
brown, its costal mark midway between base and apex, its course anteriorly veiy
strongly excurved, passing considerably beyond the faint grey cell-spot, pos-
teriorly sinuous, close to the postmedian ; postmedian costal mark about 5 mm.
from apex, the course of the line conspicuous!}' indicated by small dark dashes
just in front of the veins, sometimes slightly connected by a verj^ fine grey
thread, always accompanied by some pale scaUng ; from R' this hne runs very
obMquely inward, reaching hindmargin about the middle ; a band of rather warmer
brown scaling just beyond the postmedian, another just proximal to the subter-
minal ; subterminal white, about parallel with termcn, forming a series of fairly
deep lunules, one or two subcostal and the two radial lunules filled in proximally

with blackish ; terminal dots black, very sharp ; fringe unspotted. Hi7i(1-

wing wi( li termen waved to subcrenulate ; median shade rather strong, except
at costa, well proximal to the cell-dot ; cell-dot strong, black ; postmedian line
little beyond the cell-dot, strong but fine, shallowly lunulate-dentate, becoming
weak at costa ; distal area nearly as on forewing, but with the proximal spots
of the subterminal line less dark.

Underside sUghtly darker and more reddish or purphsh in tone. Fore-
wing with costal margin pale, dark-spotted ; cell-mark well developed,
rather elongate, placed between two approximated, nearly parallel dark -grey
lines, of which the distal is marked \\ith very small dashes on the veins ; two
faint dark transverse shades in distal area ; terminal marks rather more elongate

than above, not quite so strong ; a fine pale hne at base of fringe. Hindwing

with corresponding markings, the first line rather more proximally placed, some-
what bent on entering cell.

Madagascar (Lloyd), September 1912, type, in coll. Janse; October 1912,
paratypes, in coll. Janse et coll. L. B. Prout.

y.

c

>

c

y.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 437

SCOLOPAX RUST ICO LA MIR A.

By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

(Plate II.)

PLATE II. shows the most interesting Scolopax rusticola mira from the
Island of Amami in the northern Loo Choo, or Riu Kiu, group of Japanese
Islands, which I described Bull. B. 0. Club, xxxvi. p. 64, March 1916.

The striking differences from S. rusticola rusticola are fully described in the
Bull. B. O. Club. They are principally the darker, less rufous, and more
olivaceous colour of the upperside, less heavily spotted quills, more brownish
and more spotted or freckled sides, and it is a heavier, larger bird, with the bill
thicker, wider, and generally longer, the wing about 5-7 mm. longer, tarsus
about 1 cm. longer. The tip of the wing is shorter, the distance from the outer
secondaries to the end of the primaries being at least 1-2 cm. less. The first
abortive primary is much longer and wider. S. rusticola mira is therefore evi-
dently a heavier bird with less power of flight.

Of this woodcock the Tring Museum has received from the late Alan Owston
eleven specimens, collected in September, November, December, and January
on the island of Amami. There can hardly be any doubt that it is the resident
representative of ;S'. r. rusticola.

I have (I.e. p. 65) fully explained my reasons for considering this bird a sub-
species of S. r. rusticola, and I will here only rej)eat that it was done chiefly on
account of a juvenile specimen shot in September, which is much redder than
adult ones, thus closely resembling European woodcocks.

It is very interesting to see that the collectors also obtained a specimen of
Scolopax rusticola rusticola on Amami, in winter, which is found on Tanega and
Yakushima, where it is probably still nesting, as it does on Hondo.

We are much obliged to Major Henry Jones for making the beautiful
drawing, and I may add that the colours of the original drawing have been
very successfully reproduced on the colour-type plate.

29

438 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ARCTIID BY DR. H. C. NISSEN.

Apantesis else spec. nov.

T^TFFERS from A. dido Wagn. in the darker brown of the forewings and in
^^^ the larger pale spots, which are more cream white, not bright yellow. The
hindwings are less uniform red than in dido, and paler, being somewhat mixed
with yellow as in many .4. oherthuri. It differs from A. oberthnri in being less
blackish brown on the forewing. One specimen taken has the postmedian
costal and inner marginal patches joined to form a band as in A. oberthnri ; the
rest have all spots separate as in A. dido.

Habitat. Tala-Rana, Grand Kabylie, Algeria, May 1917.
[The discovery of this form, which is intermediate between dido and ober-
thnri, proves my contention that they are both subspecies of the same species.
I am sure that somewhere in the Province of Oran or in Jlorocco the inter-
mediate form between oberthnri and the Portuguese race of .4. fasciata will also
be found, which will then prove what I have stated, viz. that dido, oberthnri,
esperi, and pyrenaica are all subspecies of Apantesift fasciata. Mr. Oberthur,
in his Etudes Comparees, says that Wagner does not state where he got his dido.
Under the description on pp. 209, 210, it is true, no locality is given ; but in the
faunal notes on p. 207 Wagner definitely says he got dido in the vicinity of
" Bone." — Rothschild.]

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UUITKD BV

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXIV.

No. 3.

Pages 4.39—501.
Plates IX. and X.

IssiED December 31st, at the Zoological Misei .m. Tuixo.

PRINTED BY HAZELL. WATSON & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1917.

Vol,. XXIV.

N0Y1TATE8 ZOOLOOICAE.

EDITED BV

LORD ROTHSCHILD. ERNST HARTERT. and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. III.

1. ON THE CRESTED LARKS OF THE NILE

VALLEY Knisl Harlerl . . . 439—441

2. NOTES ON PHEASANTS . . . . lu-ti.^l Ilartnl . . 442--4.")2

3. NOTES ON 3/£r.-J.V.-l^sri?/.^ DWRAMMA.

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW

SUBSPECIES ..... Lnni Rolhschild . . 453

4. A FEW NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF

YEMEN fini.-'l Hortoi . . . 454—462

5. ON THE GENERA MELASOTHRIX. DRli-

PANOJASA. MEL AS ERGON. PA RA-
CY DAS. COT AX A, HYPERCYD.iS.
EPIC Y DAS. AND XERVICOMPRESSA
OF THE FAMILY EVPTEROTIDAE.
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.
(PI. XL, XII.) Lorfl RothschiU . 403—474

6. SOME NEW MOTHS OF THE FAMILIES

ARCTIIDAE AND EVPTEROTIDAE . Lmd RolhschiM . . 47o— 492

7. THE SUBSPECIES OF CYANOPICA

CYANUS En'sl Harlerl . . .493

8. FURTHER NOTES ON SOUTH AMERICAN

BIRDS Er»iil Hrtrtrrtnnd

Arthur Gondsow . . 494— 5(»1

Pl,.\TE.-i IX. A.NIl X.

(Corrected explanation of PI. IV. ExpUiiiiitioii (.f PI. X. For PI. IX. cf. p. 372.)

■fc

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

Vol. XXIV. DECEMBER 1917. No. HI.

ON THE CRESTED LARKS OF THE NILE VALLEY.

By dr. ERNST HARTERT.

WHEN, in the winter of 1903-1904, I wrote about the Crested Larks in
Vog. pal. Fauna, pp. 227-40, I had only a very scanty material from
the Nile Valley to study. It was therefore hardly possible to arrive at anything
like a linal and faultless aoeount in such a difficult group. Since then I have
been enabled to see fairly good series, though not at all complete ones from
all parts of Egypt. I now come to the following conclusions.

The delta, a))pai'entl\' to Cairo, is inhabited by tlie darkest form :

Galerida cristata nigricans Brehm.

South of Cairo occurs over a wide area a form wliich is not so very unlike
G. c. nigricans, but difl'ers from it at a glance in the paler, more whitish under-
side and the markings on the jugulum and chest being smaller and more sharply
defined. This form was deseiibed by Nicoll & Bonhote (Bull. B.O. Club,
xxiii. p. 101. 1909) as Galerida cristata moeritica, from specimens collected in
the Fayum. Of the latter I have examined and have now before me several
specimens, collected by M. J. Nicoll, one from Luxor, A. L. Butler leg., four
from an island in the Nile near Khizam (about 14 km. north of Luxor), Upjier
Egypt, VV. L. S. Loat leg., and a paii-, collected at Assuan 24. iii. 1850, by
Oskar Brehm. These latter are the types of —

Galerita cristata macidata Brehm.

{Nnumannia, 1858, p. 208). Brehm said that his son Oskar shot a pair with
one shot near "Assuan in Nubia," on March 24th, 1850. It is true that he
adds " iind Alfred ein Weibchen bei Masnou in Spanien am 1 Juni 1850." This
latter specimen I have traced ; the date is wrongly given. Alfred Brehm was
not in Spain in 1850, when he collected with his brother 0.skar on the Nile, but
we went there 1856. The Masnou specimen was shot May 1st, 1856. It has
first been named " macidata " by C. L. Brehm, but afterwards he crossed " macu-
lata " out and altered it to " striata," a nomen nudum never published with a
description. It is true that this bird is darker and more brownish than other
Spanish Crested Larks, and closely resembles the Nile birds ; but it belongs, of
course, to G. c. pallida, the Spanish race, and the Assuan birds are undoubtedly
the types of " macidata." Therefore this form must be called G. cristata macidatn,
and moeritica becomes a .synonym. When I wrote Part II. of my book on the
palaearctic birds, in 1904, 1 put macidata down as a synonym of altirostris ; this
30

440 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXIV. 1917.

is undoubtedly wrong, but I had seen at the time no specimens of inacuhiln
except those two taken by Brehm half a century before.

South of the habitat of macnlata lives a paler form, often with a thicker
bill,

Galerida cristata altirostris Brehm.

Of this we have now in the Tring Museum specimens from " Nubia," Brehm
coll., Kerma, Hon. N. C. Rothschild leg., Merowe on the Dongola bend of the
Nile (not Meroe !), N. C. Rothschild leg. It appears to be, therefore, the true
Nubian form, living south of Wadi Haifa along the " Dongola bend." C. L.
Brehm, whenfirst naming this form (Vogeljang, p. 124. 1855), said, "Oberagypten,"
and in 1858 (Naumannia, p. 209), he said, " Oberegypten, Nubien und bei Murcia
in Spanien ! " But C. L. Brehm's ideas of Upper Egypt and Nubia were not
very fi.xed, and he had no regard for geographical distribution. As the type
of the name altirostris must be regarded an adult male shot by A. E. Brehm in
"Nubia," 21. ix. 1851. The label only says "Nubien," but the bird had
been shot near Akascheh and not very far from Ambukol. according to A. E.
Brehm's Reiseskizzen.

South of the Dongola bend we come into the region of the much paler

Galerida cristata isabellina Bp.

of wliich we have a series from the Lower Atbara, Shendi, and Khartum.
To repeat, we have thus in the valley of the Nile :

1. G. cristata nigricans Brehm.

(Synonym, G. cristata deliae Hart. 1897.)
Inhabits the delta of the Nile.

2. G. cristata macnlata Brehm.

(Synonym, G. cristata inoeritica, Nicoll & Bonh. 1909.)
Egypt south of Cairo and north of Wadi Haifa ; exact limits not yet known,
lint extending north to Lake Menzaleh. I cannot separate the Fayoum birds.

n. G. cristata altirostris Brehm.

Nile Valley south of Waili-Hnlfa and north nf the Atbara, i.e. the " Don-
gola bend," Nubia.

4. (I. cri.'<l(ilii i.^alnUiiiii I'p.

(Synonyms, f,ava and lutea Brehm.)

Eastern Sudan, from the Bajuda stp]i]ie and the Atbara to the Blue and
White Nile.

I am sorry to say that I cannot agree with the conclusions of ]\ir. Nicoll
{Ibis, 1914. pp. 546-551). That he took a specimen which should not be con-
sidered as the type of altirostris to be the type specimen was perhaps my fault,
as I formerly thought it might be the type. The Kom-Ombos bird was evidently
once thought l)y Biehni to be the same as his ullirostris, and in fact it is hardlj'
distinguishable from it, but Kom-Ombos being in Upper Egypt and not in Nubia,
we must for geographical reasons consider it to be a non-typical example of
macnlata. If we treat (he forms nd names as I do now, the distribution becomes

NoVtTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 441

one whicli we might expect, simple and clear, moreover on the Kcm-Ombos
specimen the name altirostris has afterwards been scratched out, probably by
Brehm himself, and, perhaps by someone else again, under-punctuated, meaning
that it should stand after all. In the Akascheh specimen the name altirostris
has never been scratched out or altered.

G. c. maculula stands between nigricans and altirostris, some individuals
being hardly distinguishable from either of these, but a series shows it to be
distinct from both.

Nicoll and Lynes have shown, and specimens collected by Loat and
Schrader confirm, that on Lake Menzaleh and near Damietta pale forms occur
with dark typical nigricans. Evidently the latter is restricted to the black soil
of the Nile-delta, while a paler form, which agrees with maculata (and not with
altirostris) inhabits the drier districts east of the delta. It is therefore quite
natural that they are found close together and even occasionally side by side,
though I fancy that during the nesting season there will be a strict separation.

442 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

NOTES ON PHEASANTS.

By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

1 . " Phasianus colchicus lorenzi " = P. colchicus colchicus.

IN the Ibis, 1904, in his vahiable review of the genus Phasianus, Mr. Scrgius
Buturlin described as a new subspecies PJiasianvs colcliicus lorenzi from
Eastern Transcaucasia, i.e. the basins of the Kura and Araxes Rivers. He does
not say whether he e.xamined only one male or a great many, he does not lix
a " tyjje," nor does he explain it he had freshly moulted autumn, wintei', or
worn summer birds, which last always, of course, look rather different from
the autumn ones, after the moult. Females are not mentioned.

We have in the Tring ^Museum three males and one female from the months
of December, February, and March, all in beautiful, unabraded filumage, from
Elisabetopol (Jcli.sawetpol) andTifiis, in the Kura Basin. A careful comparison
of these specimens with typical colchicus reveals their absolute identity. They
differ at a glance from their geographically nearest ally, P. c. talischoisis, and
from P. c. septentrionalis, but there are no differences from P.c. colchicus. Neither
are, as Mr. Buturlin would have it, the feathers of the jugulum more narrowly
margined with blue, nor is the abdomen brick-brown instead of black ; this
latter statement suggests to me that Mr. Buturlin may have had very few speci-
mens, if more than one, because it is a variable character — in a male of P. c.
talischensis, for exam])le, the middle of the abdomen is brick-red, in another
blackish, glossed with j)urplish blue. The sentence " pectore medio non viri-
de.scente, sed cupreo-rubro valde ditfert," I cannot understand at all, for .surely
the middle of the breast is not " greenish " in P. c. colchicus, but just as " copper-
red " as in the males from the Kura basin. The dimensions are the same, and
a female from the Kuia agrees absolutely with others of P. c. colchicvs.
I can, therefore, only admit three forms in the Caucasus region :

1. P. colchicus colchicus L., in Transcaucasia, from the eastern and south-
eastern shores of the lUack Sea, the river basins of the Rion (the ancient Phasis)
and the Tchorok (Tscharuch) to tlie Kura and Araxes Basins. Nor is this dis-
tribution a very peculiar and unlikely one, as we have the following subspecies :

2. P. colchicus seplentrionalis Lor., extending through the basins of the
Kuban and Terek, fro:n the Black Sea to the Caspian, though now extinct in
the middle portion of its range, between Stavropol and Georgievsk.

'.',. P. colchicus talischensis Lor., from Lenkoran to North Persia, Ghilan
and Eastern Masanderan.

2. Phasianus colchicus komarowi = prmcipalis.

In the Ibis, 1904. pp. 381, .388, Buturlin separates Phasianus principalis
and komarou-i. The former was described by Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
1885. p. .'i22, from " Bala Murghab," on the Murgab River, the latter by Bog-
danow, Bull. Acad. St. Petersbovrg, xxx. p. 35G. 1886, from specimens collected
by Zarudny on the Tejend or Heri-rud River, but not as distinct from principalis,
but because the author had not yet seen the description of the latter. Zarudny,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 443

who had collected ijheasants on both rivers, considered them to be one and
the same form in his writings in 1889, 1890, 1896, and 1903. Ogilvie-Grant
united both in 1893 and 1912, Alpheraky and Bianchi did the same in 1908.
Evidently all these authors are right and Buturlin wrong. The only difference
between the males of the two supposed forms is, according to the latter author,
that the wide blackish ends to the flank-feathers have a greenish gloss in
komarowi, a purplish gloss in ■principalis. This would admittedly be the only
difference ! Very little indeed, but — as Buturlin says — enough to separate
the two forms, if constant. This, however, is not the case, as not all males
from the Tejend have the gloss on the said feathers greenish, and some
from Merw, on the Murgab River, show distinctly a greenish gloss as well.
I comjoared four males from the Tedjen Valley with fifteen from the Murgab
Basin. Buturlin says that Ph. komarowi is separated from principalis to the
east " by a narrow belt of waterless plains." He, of course, means the desert
between the Upper Tejend and Murgab Rivers. This waterless belt is probably
not wide enough to form an efficient boundarj', in the face of the fact stated
by Buturlin, that Ph. principalis ranges north-east to Repetek, which is farther
out in the desert than the width of land between the Tejend and Murgab Rivers,
and these rivers are wide sheets of waters when they are flooded in the spring.

3. On Phasianus zarudnyi, gordius, and tschardjuensis.

If Buturlin's latest views were correct, at least three species of Phasianus
would inhabit the middle course of the Amu Darja or Oxus River, apart from
chrijsomelns in the delta, i.e. Ivliiva (Chiva), " as far as Petro-Alexandrovsk."

In 1896 Zarudny described (in Russian!) as a new species Phasianvs
medius, inhabiting the valley of the Amu Darja from " Khiva to Chardjui."
Unfortunately the name tnaliu.s was invalidated by P. medius Milne-Edwards
1870, and therefore Buturlin (Ibis, lS9t. p. 390) correctly gave it a new name,
calling it very justly Phasianus principalis zarudnyi, though Ph. colchiciis
zarudnyi would still have been better. This P. c. zarttdnyi differs from P. c.
principalis in having only a black spot at the tip of the scapulars or a narrow
black lino, not one of 2 or 3 mm. wide ; on the sides of the neck is as a rule,
though not always, a trace of a white collar, which is, however, never com-
plete, being widely interruisted above and below, and sometimes quite absent.
The coppery-purple edges to the chest-feathers are, as a rule, a shade darker,
the wide black tips to the flank-feathers greenish. From the few specimens I
was able to examine, it seems also that the feathers of the throat have green
to blue-green, instead of purple edges. This form is said to inhabit the Middle
Oxus Valley from Petro-Alexandrovsk to Chardjui, " and perhaps somewhat
higher up the river." This latter supposition seems to be justified, as we have
a fine male froni Kerki, a hundred miles farther up the river, which has no trace
of a white collar, but is evidently a typical zarudnyi. According to Russian
authors, Ph. chrysomelas is also found as far as Petro-Alexandrovsk ; as there
can, in my opinion, be no doubt that both chrysomelas and zarudnyi are sub-
species of Ph. colchicus, these statements are open to doubt. They may be
based on the occurrence of stray specimens, or on inexact labels. No pheasant
would perhaps be shot literally at Petro-Alexandrovsk, which is a fortress or
fort, but near there ; if, therefore, both forms meet near that place, where

444 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

perhaps the natural conditions of the delta of the Amu Darja make place for
those of the middle course of the river, specimens .shot ten or twelve miles north
and ten or twelve miles south might all be labelled Petxo-Alcxandrovsk,
although not livuig in the same places.

In 1908 {Ann. 3Iiis. Zool. Acad. St. Pelershourg. xii. " 1907." p. 440),
Messrs. Alpheraky & Bianchi described Phasianus gordius from a single cj
specimen from Karnas, 50 miles up the river from Kcrki. The description fits,
as Buturlin {Ibis, 1908. p. 573) correctly says, absolutely coUarless specimens
of zarudnyi, but he adds that the type specimen differs from the latter " in
the purplish-red colouring of the chest extending to the uppermost part of the
back and quite suiDcrseding there the golden ground-colour." At the same
time {Ibis, 1908. p. 371) the author described another " new species" as Pha-
sianus tschardjuensis, and of which he says that it differs from gordius in having
the scapularies edged with a 1 to 2 mm. wide black line, and the purplish-red
colouring not c^uite so much developed on the upper back.

The first of these two characters is undoubtedly variable, and therefore
of no value if only one or two specimens are compared, the other is obviously
not a strong point. I have, therefore, no doubt that gordius and tschardjuensis
are one and the same bird, and this has also clearly been pointed out by Zarudny
in the following year, but I cannot helj) suspecting that they are nothing else
but Zarudnyi. If there was another subspecies — there can be no question of
species, considering the nature of the supjjosed differences, and that all these
forms are only subspecies of Ph. colchicus — farther up the river than zarudnyi,
which is said to live from Petro-Alexandrovsk to Chardjui " and perhajis some-
what higher up the river," how can there be a different race again at Chardjui
and the same (or almo.st the same) at Karnas, while not this, but zarudnyi occurs
at Kcrki ! These mysteries of distribution disapjiear at once if we suppose
that gordius and tschardjuensis are the same as zarudnyi, and I believe that
future unbiassed research will prove this to be the case.

Still higher up the river we find bianchii, a very distinct race, nearest to
chrysomelas from the delta of the Oxus, but with much more developed green
edges to the feathers of the jugulum, chest, and sides, and reduced golden sub-
apical bars to the feathers of these parts.

In addition to these N. Zarudny has described (see Baron Loudon's transla-
tion of the original article in " Ssemja ochotnikow," a hunting-journal, in
Ornilh. Jahrb. 1910. p. 45) a bii'd which he calls Phasianus jabae. Of this
he says that it rarely appears from the east in the country inhabited by gordius,
but only as an occasional visitor, like zarudnyi, which exceptionally appears
there from the west. This " jabac^'' is described as forming a transition from
bianchii to " gordius," but the author repudiates the idea that it might be a
hybrid between the two, because bianchii was not found where it occurred.
Though I am the last person to jump to the conclusion that a bird which does
not agree with the hitherto known forms is a hybrid, having in fact often ridiculed
such rash statements, I cannot quite see the force of the above proof, because
Zarudny evidently only knows some stray bh-ds (possibly not more than a single
specimen !), of which he expressly says that they (or it ! ) came from the " east,"
and eastwards of where his "jabae " was found is the home of bianchii. Now,
the Tring Museum possesses a male which agrees with the description of ''jabae,''''
and which might be described as intermediate between zarudnyi and bianchii.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 445

It was hrouglit alive to the Zoological Gardens in London, where it died, from
"Afghan Turkestan," whatever that may mean. The question must remain
open, so far, whether this bird is a separate subspecies, or a hybrid between
hianchii and znrudniji (or " gordius ").

1. Phasianus colchicus strauchi.

Since 1JS70, when P. slmnchi was first described, from Tatuug and i>uhuk-
gol in Kansu, three more forms have been named from Kansu ; all these are,
in my opinion, synonyms, i.e. :

Phasianus holdcreri Sclialo^\-, Jourii. /. Orn. 1901. p. lit. \)\. 1, from .Alint-
chou, S.W. Kansu ;

Phasianus herezowskiji Rothschild, Bull. B.U. Club, xii. p. 'M. 11)01, from
Hui-Tsian or Hoi-Sian in S.E. Kansu ; and

Pha.siamis strauchi chonensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. BO. Club, xxxi. p. 10.
1912, from the Tau River in Chone, S.E. Kansu.

At the same time, considering the few specimens which Schalow, Roth-
schild, and Ogilvie-Grant had at their disposal for comparison, it is quite
comprehensible and excusable that they should have thought to have new
forms before them, though the two first authors might have been cautioned
by the fact that they had only one single specimen of their supposed new
species, and all three came from the area inhabited by strauchi, or not far away.
The description of holdereri has only about a month priority over that of 6ere-
zowskyi. P. holdereri was chiefly separated from straiichi on account of its
wide white collar and lighter upperside, sides of breast, and tail, and it was
supposed to stand between P. torquatus and strauchi.

P. berezowskyi was se25arated from strauchi because of its much lighter
Hanks and " bright shining golden-brown chest and breast," and some minor
supposed differences.

Of " P. strauchi chonensis," Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, the author, had live or six
to compare, and they certainly differ from the other sjiecimens of strauchi
in the British Museum, which were collected by Russian explorers farther
north in Kansu, by the bronze-gold tinge on the mantle, the dark greenish
bronze-red margins of the scapulars, and in Mr. Ogilvie-Grant's opinion also
in the wider bars across the tail-feathers.

None of the characters on which the authors relied is constant, and strauchi
is altogether a rather variable bird. I should not have been so confident and
so sure about this, if we had not received from the late Alan Owston's Japanese
collectors a series of not less than 28 adult males — from Ta-pai-shan in the
centre of the Tsin-ling Range. This magnificent series, which I have been
able to comjjare with twelve others in the Tring and British Museums, shows
quite clearly how strauchi varies.

The crown of the head is sometimes quite brownish bronzy, but mostly
of a dark green.

The white collar on the hind-neck is sometimes more than a centimetre
wide and only interrupted in front, more often narrower and only indicated,
and also often quite absent, without a trace of it.

The whole upperside varies in colour, more or less, the rumjj chiefly accord-
ing to season, as the green and creamy bars of the feathers become much more
conspicuous after the breeding season, when the edges are worn off. The

446 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917.

long middle rectrices are sometimes much lighter, sometimes darker, more
tinged with rufous brown, and the width of the black bars is not constant.
The underside is equally variable. The sides of the breast are sometimes
much lighter, more " buffy golden-brown," especially in the type of herezon'skyi
and in worn summer bii'ds. The colour of the chest and breast is also variable ;
sometimes these parts are so strongly washed with green and the feathers have
such wide dark green edges, that they remind one strongly of P. colch.
vlangalii — which is of course very different on the upperside. More often
there is hardly any or very little green on the chest and breast, except along
the middle of the latter.

Among the Tsin-ling males are specimens which agree absolutely with
others collected in Kansu ))y Russian explorers and received from the Museum
in St. Petersburg and from the late Th. Lorenz in Mo.seou, others ^^hich agree
with the type of herezowskyi and with chonensis, as well as with holdereri, as
far as I remember, having seen the latter some years ago, and judging from
the description of Schalow. With regard to that, it is remarkable that the
author named a bird .shot on the same day, and therefore not far away — as one
does not travel fast in those mountains — P. strauchi.

5. On " Ring-necked " Pheasants.

Not so very long ago all the Ring-necked Pheasants of Eastern Asia were
thought to be one and the same, except the Formosan Pheasant, Phasianus
colchicus jormosaniis. When Ogilvie-Grant, in 1893, published the Catalogue
of the Game-buds in the British Museum, he united them all, not having enough
material to sejjarate them. It was Rothschild who, iu liKll and I'JOi!, first
broke this spell.

In the former year (Bull. B.O. Club. xii. p. l'I) bo used for the Ussuriland
Pheasant the name " PJiasiaini.s lorquatxs monrjoliciui,'^ in 190.'! {op. cii. xiii.
p. 43) he corrected his mistake and called it P. t. pallnsi, describing specimens
collected by the brothers Dorries on the Lower iSidemi, Ussuriland. Soon
afterwards followed Buturlin with quite a volley of names. He had compared
and studied a good many specimens and for the first time discovered several
very distinct forms, but he shot over the mark and created also some unnecessary
synonyms.

There are among the "Ring-necks" two groups: one with wide cream-
coloured superciliary stripes, one without. To the latter belongs /'. colchicus
decollatus, and often jormosanus, in which it is narrow and not rarely wanting.
P. c. decollatus can always be recognised by the want of any superciliary stripe,
while an indication of a white neck-ring is not rare, and sometimes the latter
is quite distinct, being interrupted behind and in front, or even, exceptionally,
in front only ! P. c. decollatus lives east of the habitat of torquatu-'^, in the
Chinese provinces of Kwei-chou, West Hunan, Eastern Yunnan and Setchuan
to Ta-tsien-lu, apparently (? ) south into Northern Tonkin.

Another form has a whitish superciliary stripe, but narrower than in ior-
quatus and its allies. This form is a nomenclatorial monster without com-
parison. Buturlin {Ibis, 1904. pp. 383. 407. 408) fir.st named it:

Phasianus holdereri kiangsiiensis ,
because he imagined that it occurred in Kiangsu, but, as his original descrip-

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. IHIT. 447

I

tion shows, and as he expressly says in Ibis, 1908. p. 583, he saw only one male
which Raddc had bought frozen in Kiachta, and of which he supposes that
it was brought there from Kalgan, north-west of Peking, because it is known
that Chinese traders are in the habit of bringing frozen pheasants from those
districts to Kiachta. The author had received notes, in litteris, on pheasants
from Kiangsu (Western China), and so it came about that a bird was named
after Kiangsu, where it never occurs, and that the type of kiancjsuensis is
a bird of uncertain origin, bought in Kiachta ! In the following year the
same author, according to his own statement {Ibis, 1908. p. 581), named the
same form Phasianus schcnsinensis, in the February number of a Russian
periodical on shooting and hunting, called Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, p. 50,
and this time from information in litteris about specimens from Kuku-Khota
and Uliassutai, i.e. places which are not in Shensi, where this ])heasant is not
found ! In 1908 another name was given to this bird by Alpheraky & Bianchi,
who (Ann. Mu.s. Zool. Acnd. St. Petcrshourg, xii. " 1907." p. 456) described a
specimen from Kuku-choto (Kuku-Khota) in South-eastern Mongolia as Phasianus
(jmelini pewzowi. It was certainly difficult to know what Buturlin meant by
his kiangsuensis and schen.sinensis, but a careful perusal of all this literature and
Buturlin's clear remarks in Ibis, 1908. p. 581, prove that 'pewzowi is the same
bird, notwithstanding Alpheraky & Bianchi's protest, as kiangsuensis, and
therefore the latter name must be used for it. This pheasant is so far only
known to the Russian authors, but Lord Rothschild has received from Professor
M. Menzbier a pheasant named Phasian us pcwzou-i, and said to have been obtained
near Kalgan in Eastern Mongolia in August 1910. It has been mounted and
came evidently through Th. Lorenz, whose excellent preparation it shows. I
believe that this really is peiczowi, rectius kiangsuensis. This bird shows the
peculiarities pointed out by Buturlin, but the whitish superciliary line is very
narrow, being merely indicated, and the rufous edges to the scapulars ai-c veiy
much darker than in P. c. torquatns, karpowi, pallasi, and hagcnbecki, being
deep rufous with a purplish gloss, a sti-iking character not mentioned by the
Russian authors. Altogether our bird is so similar to P. c. straurhi that it may
be said to differ from the latter only by the complete white ring round the neck,
and the flank-feathers, which are light in the middle and dark on the edges.

This form must live in the districts of Kalgan and Knkii-choto in South-
eastern Mongolia, according to Buturlin also near Uliassutai in North-western
]\Iongolia, i.e. far away ; it is said to have Ijcen shot there in June, when frozen
birds cannot be transjjorted !

Phasianus colchicus torqualus Gm. ex Latham. Restricted terra typica :
S.E. China. Buturlin named tliis form P/iasiaiivs holdereri gmelini, because he
is of opinion that the name torqualus cannot be restricted to any form, but this
view cannot be upheld. Names of the Linnean period cannot be lightly given
up. They must be upheld if it can possibly be done.

This form inhabits South-eastern China from Canton to Hunan, and,
undoubtedly to the lower and middle course of the Yang-tse-kiang, perhaps
north to Shantung !

Phasianus colchicus karpowi But. Described Oru. Monatsber, 1904. p. 3,
from Te-lin in Southern Manchuria.

Very similar to P. c. forqiiatus, but the long flank-feathers darker, more
brownish or rather more golden-brown.

448 KovTTATia ZooLoeicAE XXr\'. 1917.

Clark {U.S. Xat. 3Ius. xxxii. p. 468. 190") sejiarated the jiheasaut from
Tsu-sliima Island as P. karpoiri huturlini. I have ixamincd five adult males
from Tsu-shima and find them not to differ from kurpowi, the supposed differ-
ences pointed out by Clark being variable or non-existing. One adult male in
the Tring JIuseum has the white ring interrupted in front for about ;V5 cm.,
the others have the ring complete.

P. c. karpotvi inhabits Corca and Tsu-shima with Southern Manchuria,
according to Buturlin north to Kirin, south to Lao-yang ; possibly the dis-
tribution extends much farther south than Buturlin believes, and sometimes
Icarpowi and iorquntns are not easy to separate.

North of knrpuici lives :

Phasianiis cnlchicus pallasi Rothsch.

Synonyms: Phasiaiins nlphcrakyi Buturlin (Ibis, 1904. p. 399) and Phtisianus
alpherakyi ussuriensis id. (/6)'.s, 1904, p. 403). The author rejected Rothschild's
name palla.si, because the latter, at the time, thought that the C'orean pheasant
(karpoiri) was the same, but pnllasi refers distinctly to the bird mentioned by
Pallas as the " Mongolian variety," and the types were specimens from tho
Lower Sidemi River. Buturlin says that his alpherakiji inhabits Central Man-
churia near the Sungari River, while his alpherakyi uf-.'surievsin occurred round
tho Ussuri River near the shores of the Japan Sea ; but the two supposed
forms cannot be separated, as they are absolutely identical.

Ph. colchicus pallasi diffeis from Ph. c. torquatus and karpoxci in its complete
and wider white ring and generally lighter coloration, and it inhabits Ussuriland
and the northern and middle parts of Mancluiria. I have examined a fine
series, among them ten beautiful adult males from the Sidemi River, collected
by the brothers Dorries.

A very close ally of pallasi is hagenbechi (Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xii.
p. 20. 1901). It was originally described and separated by other authors under
erroneous impressions, because the types are in strongly worn summer plumage,
and the supposed differences from pallasi are due to their appearance as com-
pared with fine males in fresh plumage from Ussuriland and Manchuria. Never-
theless there is a difference, for the black edges to the feathers of the jugulum
and breast are continuous and distinctly wider, and the white spot under the
ear-coverts, which is always present in pallasi, is generally absent.

The distribution of hagenbechi is not known, for the only specimens of
which we have any knowledge are from Kobdo, K;\ra-ussu, and Achit-Nor,
north of the Ektag (White-summit) Altai. It is very desirable to compare
a series in fresh plumage and from other places.

" Phasianus alaschanicus " is only known to iie from the descriptions
of AljDheraki & Bianchi and Butui'lin.

0. About the Species and Subspecies of Phasianus.

Tn the reviews of the true pheasants by Buturlin (Ibis, 1904 and 1908)
arid by Alpheraki & Bianchi {Ann. Mus. Si. Petersbourg. xii. 1908), the various
forms are grouped into a number of species, many of which have several sub-
species. I cannot agree to either oi tljeje groupings, wlych seem to me. s.ome-

NOVITATES ZOOLOalCAE XXIV. 1917. 449

what arbitiaiy,* though I know that the authors and many other ornith-
ologi.st.s will not agree with my view. I agree with RothschUd, Laubniann,
and others, who consider all true pheasants subspecies of one and the same
species. In my opinion, there can be no doubt whatever that all forms in
the following list from colchicus to turcestanicus and bergii are subspccifically
allied ; another allied group arc the grey-runipcd forms from elegans to
saischtuensis — but both groups are in sonic way connected by the rare tari-
mensis. The transition from the broun- winged colchicus group to the
white-whiged ■persiciis is beautifully developed.

One can have different opmions about versicolor, but 1 have preferred to
treat it as a " species."

7. List oJ Forms of "True Pheasants."

After a proionged study of the genus Phasianns, I have arrived at the
following list, but, as I was unable to comjjare the material in other European
and Russian collections, several forms are only known to me from descriptions,
and it is thus chiefly based on the material in the Tring and Briti.sh Museums,
the only ones in Jingland which contain good series of Pheasants, and both
very rich in specimens.

My list does not differ very widely from one published by Ogilvie-Grant
in 1912 in British Game Birds and Wildjoui (Vol. 1. of The Gun at Home and
Abroad), and unknown to most ornithologists.

1. Phusianus colchicus colchicus L. 1758.

Synonym: Ph. colch. lorenzi But. 1904.

South-eastern and eastern shores of Black Sea and thence eastwards along
the Rivers Rion and Tchorok to the Kura and Araxcs and their tiibutarics.
Introduced in most countries of Europe, N. America, New Zealand.

2. Phasianus colchicus septentrionalis Lor. 1888.

Northern slopes of Caucasus, especially valleys of Kuban, Terek, Kuma,
south to Apcheron, north as far as mouths of Wolga.

3. Phasianus colchicus ialischcnsis Lor. 1888.

Lowlands of Talisch (Lenkoran) to Ghilan and Masanderan in North
Persia.

4. Phasianus colchicus persicus Sew. 1875.
North-eastern Persia and south-western parts of Transcaspia.

5. Phasianus colchicus frincipalis Scl. 1885.
Synonyms: Ph. komaroivii Bogd. 1886.

Ph. principalis bogdanowi But. 1894.
Lowlands of Lower Murgab and Tcdjen, streams coming from the Darah-
Gaz and Kalat-i-Nadiri, north formerly to Geok-tepe and Ahal-tekke, east
to Repetek, according to Buturlin.

* For example, Alph^raki & Bianchi keep talyschensis specifically distinct from P. c.
colchicus !

450 NOVITATES ZOOLOiaCAE XXIV. 1917.

6. Phasianus colchicus zarudnyi Bui. 1894.

Valley of middle course of Amu-Daria (Oxu.s), but exact limits of distribu-
tion not yet certain.

? 7. Pkasiamts colchicus gonlivs Alph. & Bianchi 1908.
Synonym: Ph. tschardjuensis But. 1908.
Vide antia. (Not seen.)

8. Phasianus colchicus zerajschanicus Tarnovski 1893.
Valley of Zerafshan in Buchara and Samarkand.

9. Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas Sew. 1875.
Delta of Amu-Daria (Oxus), at least to Petro-Alexandrowsk.

10. Phasianus colchicus hianchii But. 1904.
Mountains of Buchara, along Rivers Kafirnagan, Waksh, and Surkhan, and
near Termes (Tarmys) on the Uj^per Amu-Daria.

? 11. Phasianus colchicus jabae Zar. 1909.
On the Amu-Daria, above "rdiardjui, Pos.sibly a specimen in the Triiig
Museum brought alive from " Afghan Turkestan " might belong to this form,
which is possibly a hybrid between zarudnyi and hianchii ; the type was obtained
in a district where " gardius " is said to live, and where zarudnyi is said to
appear sometimes from the west and " jabae " from the east !

12. Phasianus colchicus michailovski Zar. 1909.

Said to live " in the districts round the Pamir and ]io.=:sibly in the Pamir
itself." According to description quite distinct. (Not .seen.)

13. Phasianus colchicus shawi Ell. 1870.
Synonyms ; Ph. insignis Ell. 1870.

Ph. shairi chrysomeloides Lorenz. 1909.
East Turkestan from Yarkand and Kashgar to the Lower Aksu and (.'hotan-
Daria.

14. Phasianus colchicus mowjolicus Brandt 1844.

Synonym : Ph. brandli Rothsch. 1901.

Province of Semiretchensk and greater part of Sen ipalatinsk in Russian
Turkestan, and Kuldja, also the depressions of the Issik-Kul, Balkash, Ala-
Kul, and Saissan-Nor with their affluents. (" Ph. c. mongolicus " is a misnomer,
for it does not occur in real Mongolia.)

? 15. Phasianus colchicus semitorquaius Sew. 1875.
Southern part of Dsungaria, west to the depression fif the Ebi-Nor and
east, according to Buturlin, to Gutchen. I have examined skins from Manas.
(From the material examined, this form appears to be quite recognisable, but.

NOVITATKS ZOOLOOiCAE XXIV. 1017. 451

according to Messrs. Alpheraky & Bianchi, who had the type before them, not
separable. The authors quite correctly say that SewcrtzofT compared his

" semiiorquutus " with specimens of turceslanicus, and not of the real mongoliciis,
but it does not follow from his luistakc that (he form is not separable.)

10. Phasiamis colchicus inrcestanicus Lor. 189(1.
From the shores of Lake Aral through the valley of the Syr-Daria ( Yaxartes)
east to Gultsha (teste Buturlin), 5,000 feet high in the Alia-Tag, 140 km. .south
of Osh.

17. Phasiamis colchicus bergri Zar. 1914.
" Noun Kair and Uialy Islands in Lake Aral." (Not seen.)

18. Phasianus colchicits turitnensis Pleske 1883.

Tarim and Chertchen Valleys in East Turkestan, depressions of Lakes
Bagrash-Kul and Lob-Nor.

19. Phasianus colchicvs elegans Ell.
Mountains of South-western Setchuan, North-western Yunnan, and Northern
Shan States, on the Salween River, at elevations of about 6,000 feet.

20. Phasianus colchicus strauchi Przew. 1876.
Synonyms: Ph. hohlereri Schalow 1901.

Ph. berezoivskyi Rothsch. 1901.

Ph. strauchi chonensis Ogilvie-Grant 1912.

Southern Kansu, north at least to the Tatung River, East Middle Shensi,
where common in the Ta-pai-shan in the Tsin-ling Chain.

21. Phasianus colchicus sikhschanensis Bianchi 1806.

Near Sung-pan and Tung-pei in Siih-shan, North-western Setchuan. Four
specimens known : 2 in St. Petersburg, 1 Tring, 1 British Museum.

22. Phasianus colchicus sohokhotensis But. 1908.

Oasis of Soho-khoto near Chen-fan, 100 km. north-cast of the Nan-shan
or Richthofcn Chain. The differences stated to exist by Buturlin appear to
be slight, and specimens from the Tatung Mountains are said to be intermediate,
but the apparently isolated locality seems to be in favour of a separate form.
(Not seen.)

23. Phasianus colchicus jormosanus Ell. 1877.
Formosa.

24. Phasianus colchicus kiangsuensis But.
Synonyms : Ph. schensinensis But. 1905.

Ph. gmelini pewzowi Alph. & Bianchi 1908.
Kalgan and Kukai-khoto, one Uliassutai in North-western Mongolia. See
antea !

452 NoVtTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXlV. 1917.

25. Pliasianiis cokhicus (hcoUalus Swinh. 1870.

Chinese provinces of Koei-tchou, Western Hunan, Eastern Yunnan, and
Setchuan to Ta-tsien-lu, perhaps also in Northern Tonkin.

2C. Phasiaiiiis colchicus torquitius Cm. 1789.
Synonyms : Pli. alho-torqiiatus Bonnat. 1791.
Ph. /lolcJercri gmeltni But, 1904.
South-eastern China from Canton to Hunan, in any case to the Lower and
Middle Yang-tse-kiang, possibly north to Shan-tung. (Introduced in Europe,
St. Helena, etc.)

27. Phasiamis colchicus karpotci But. 1904.

Synonym : Pit. karpowi hitturlini Clark 1907.
Southern Manchuria to Corea and Island of Tsu-shima.

28. Phasiaims colchicus pnllasi Rothsch. 1903.
Synonyms: P/i. alpherakyi But. 1904.

Ph. alpherakyi vssiiriensis But. 1904.
Ussuriland to the Amur and coasts of Japan Sea, Northern and Middle
Manchuria. (See antea.)

29. Phasianu.<! colchicus hagenbecki Rothsch. 1901.
Kobdo, Kara-ussu, and Achit-Nor, north of the Ektag Altai.

30. Phasiamis colchicus alaschanicus Aljih. & Bianchi 1908.
Said to inhabit an oasis near the western slope of the Middle Ala-shan Chain.
Described from one pair collected by Przewalski. According to the descriptions,
very close to hagenbecki . Requires confirmation. (Not seen.)

.11. Phasianus colchicus vlangalii Przew. 1876.
Eastern Tsaidam, between the South Kuku-Nor Mountains and the Tolai-
Ula and Burkhan-IUidda Chains.

112. Phasianus colchicus satscheuensis Pleske 1892.

Westernmost Kansu north of the Nan-shan, especially in the valleys of the
Bulunzin and Dan-khe, on the Khala-tchi-Nor, in the oasis of Satchu (Satcheu),
near Ang-si (An-su), Shao-wan, and Shanto-po.

.13. Phasianus versicolor Vieill. 1825.

Synonym : Ph. diardi Temm. 1830.
Island of Hondo, Japan.

NOVITATES ZoOLOOiOAE XXlV. 191*?. 453

NOTES ON METANASTRIA DIGRAMMA (M.-W.), WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SUBSPECIES.

By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.

ON p. 3G9, No. 99, of this current volume I stated that I considered digrmnma
a distinct species from rubi Linn, on account of the cJ and $ being alilie,
whereas in ntbi they are dimorphic, and also because the transverse lines on
the forewings were so much farther apart.

I have now had an opportunity of comparing my Portuguese specimens with
the specimens collected at Tangier by Mr. Meade- Waldo, and several interesting
points have resulted. The Portuguese specimens are at once distinguishable
from the Tangiers ones by the white, not chestnut, cilia of the hindwings, and
in the much broader and more distinct transverse lines on the forewings.
The females also differ in having the antennae shafts purer white and some-
what longer, and in the transverse lines of the forewings not being sinuate.
The next point is very curious. The series taken by my brother N. Charles
Rothschild at Cintra in Central Portugal is very different from the series taken
by Dr. K. Jordan at Monchique in South Portugal. From this it results that
we have three distinct races of Mclanastria digramma, two of which I describe
below.

Metanastria digramma curvifascia subsp. nov.

?. Differs from d. digramma in being darker and richer chocolate rafous,
and in the forewing being darker than the hindwing. The transverse bands of
the forewings are much broader and more distinct. The postmedian band is
not sinuate but evenly curved, so that the distal side is strongly convex.

(J. Has thorax and basal quarter of wing strongly suffused with yellowish
cinnamon, and the hindwing darker than in the ?. Cilia of hindwings in both
sexes cream-white.

Hithitul. Cintra, Portugal, 1 S, 5 ??, 1 larva, April 1909 (N. V.. Rothschild).

Metanastria digramma parallelifascia subsp. nov.

?. Differs from d. digramma and </. curvifascia in the ground colour being
still darker and richer, and in the two transverse bands of the forewing being
straight and almost parallel. The postmedian line is not so broad as in d. ciirvi-
jascia, but much more so than in d. digramma.

tJ. Differs from <J of d. curvifascia in having no cinnamon suffusion on the
thorax and forewings, and is similar to ? in coloration.

Cilia of hindwings in both sexes cream-white.

Habitat. Monchique, Algarve, Portugal, May 1910, 6 ,J<J, 3 ?? (K. Jordan).

454 NoVltATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

A FEW NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF YEMEN.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

IN the Ibis, 1917, pp. 129-186, appeared a valuable contribution to the
ornithology of Arabia by W. L. Sclater, called "The Birds of Yemen,"
and based on collections made by G. Wyman Bury in 1912 and 1913. As Mr.
Sclater mentioned, part of the 400 skins collected by Bury " were destined for
the Tring Museum." As it is just as interesting to know what is contained in
the latter collection, it would have been better if those skins in Tring had also
been mentioned, especially as they are not always from the same localities and
at least in one case not of the same subspecies. The following foims in the list
of Mr. Sclater are also represented in the Tring Aruseum :

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster leucogaster.

Onj'chognathus (" Hagiopsar "") tristrami hadramauticus.

Ploceus galbula.

Estrilda lufibarba.

Petronia dentata.

" Passer domesticus buryi."

Poliospiza menaehensis.

Serinus uropygialis.

Pseudacanthis yenK'nensis.

Emberiza hortulana.

Embcriza cinerea semenowi.

" Fringillaria arabica," rectius Emberiza tahapisi arabica.

Mirafra cantillans.

Galerida cristata tardinata.

Motacilla alba alba.

Motacilla flava flava.

Motacilla boarula melanope, rectius M. cinerea melanope.

Anthus trivialis trivialis.

Anthus rufulus cinnamomeus.

" Anthus leucophrys captus," rectius A. sordidus arabicus Hart.

Cinnyris osea osea.

Cinnyris habessinica hellmaj'ri.

Zosterops abyssinica arabs.

Lanius minor.

Lanius excubitor buryi.

Phoneus niloticus, rectius Lanius senator niloticus.

Fiscus nubicus, rectius Lanius nubicus.

Enncoctonus collurio, rectius Lanius collurio.

Tschagra percivali.

" C'isticola cisticola aridula," recte C. cisticola arabica Hart.

Hippolais pallida.

" Sylvia blanfordi," rectius Parisoma blanfordi distincta Hart.

Sylvia atricapilla atricapilla.

NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. I'Jl". 455

Phylloscopus collybita abietinus.

Scotocerca inquieta buryi.

Prinia gracilis yemenensis.

Turdus menachensis (4 3 ad.).

Monticola solitarius solitarius.

Monticola rufocinerea, rectius M. rufocinerea sclateri Hart.

Accentor fagani.

Cercotrichas melanoptera.

Saxicola rubicola maura, rectius S. torquata maiira.

Cercomela melanura, rectius C. m. erlargeri.

Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe.

Oenanthe yemenensis.

Oenanthe Icucomela, rectius Oe. pleschanka pleschanka.

Crateropus (Argya) squamiceps yemensis.

Pycnonotus xanthopygos (P. x. reichenowi).

Mu.scicapa grisola, rectius M. striata striata.

Tehitrca viridis, rectivis T. viridis ferreti an subsp. nov.

Cryptoloplia umbrovirens yemenensis.

Riparia rupestris.

Hirundo rustica rustica.

Hirundo rufula, rectius H. daurica rufula.

Centropus superciliosus.

Merops apiaster.

Aerops albicollis, rectius Ae. albicollis major.

Loplioceros nasutus forskalii.

Halcyon leiicocephala scmicaerulea.

Coracias abyssinicus abj'ssinicus.

Melierax metabates, rectius M. canorus metabates.

Astur splienurus, rectius Accipiter sphenurus.

Gypaetus barbatus grandis (1 ad., 1 juv.).

Milvus aegyptius, rectius M. migrans aegyptius.

Totanus (rectius Tringa) ochropus.

Totanus (rectius Tringa) hypoleucus.

Vinago waalia.

" Columba livia intermedia," rectius C. 1. palaestinae.

Streptopelia senegalensis senegalensis.

Numida philorhj-ncha ptilorhyncha.

We have thus in Tring 70 species out of tlie 109 (or rather 110) (not 100,
as Sclater saj-s, p. 130) represented in the British Museum, and in addition :

Acrocephalus streperus streperus.

Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides (also in the Brit. Mus.).

Saxicola torquata rubicola.

Saxicola torquata indica must also be added, the specimens being in the
British Museum.

With regard to the very interesting Note on the History of Arabian
Ornithology, which contains a history of the ornitholcgical explcraticn of Yemen,
it may be added that the Erlanger-Neumann expedition in 1S99 went to Lahej.

31

45() NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAK XXIV. lill".

where they collected very successfully for ten days. The species collected
there are mentioned in Erlanger's writings and in Hilgert's Katalog der Collection
von Erlanger (1908).

When incorporating our portion of the Bury collection I had an opportunity
to compare all the species, and I found that in a few cases constant differences of
the Arabian birds had hitherto been overlooked, so that I was obUged to describe
some new subspecies. In a few other cases I found Selater's identifications
incorrect, though in most instances thej' were perfectly correct.

In Selater's article trinomial nomenclature has been used most judiciously,
and the names are correct as to priority. Only in a few instances biiicmials
were used where trinomials would have been equally necessary as in others,
as in the case of the Shrikes. In others, chiefly also in the Shrikes, too
much genus-sphtting is indulged in. in the latter almost amounting to "furor
generieus " as our friend's unforgettable father humorously called it.

It is only about 18 or 19 species or subspecies that I have any remarks to
make. All ornithologists are obliged to Mr. Sclater for giving us this list of
one of the most interesting collections from Arabia, a country which even now
is only partially explored.

Onychognathus tristrami hadramauticus (Lorenz and Hellm.).

Pilorhimix hadramauticus Lorenzand Hellmayr. Orn. Monntsbcr. 1901. )i. .'!U (Ye.slibum inS. Arabia).

The shghtly disintegrated outer webs of some of the remiges, which are
said to distinguish OnycJiognathus from Amydrus are no generic character, as
they vary greatly, nor can the length of the bill and the more or less graduated
tail serve to distinguish Amydrus and Hagiopsar. I must therefore unite
Onychognathus, Amydrvs, Hagiopsar. Pyrrhochiira, and Ginnamopterus. and
the oldest name Onychognathus (not " Onycognathvs " as Sharpe spelt it) must
be used for this assemblage. Lorenz and Hellmayr went even farther, as they
united the Arabian Red-winged Spreuw with Pilorhinus, but the nostrils being
covered with bristly feathers, the short curved beak and rather square tail together
may serve as an excuse for the separation of the latter genus.

The South- Arabian form is with difficulty separable from 0. tristrami tris-
trami of South Palestine and Sinai. The rufous of the primaries is mostly
darker, but in a few exceptional cases one cannot notice any difference, and
the primary-coverts, as Mr. Sclater said, are as a rule, though not constantly,
dusky and rufous in the Palestine form, entirely black in the Arabian form;
but the latter too is not quite constant, as in a male collected at El-Kubar in
South Arabia by Bury the inner webs are mostly rufous. On one of the labels
Bury remarks: "Local name Meyiim, presumably corruption of Meyun, which
is derived from the same root as Mynah."

"Passer domesticus buryi" Lorenzand Hellui.

Mr. Sclater keeps the South-Arabian birds separate from P. domesticus
indicus, but all the differences which he states are like those put forward by
Lorenz and Hellmayr, peculiar to fresh unabraded winter birds, as compared with
worn spring and summer birds. I have once more compared our South-Arabian
sparrows, all collected by Bury in the Aden Protectorate and at Menakha and

NOVITATKS ZOOLOtillAE XXIV. 1!)17. 4-57

Hajeilah, also two taken by Dodson at Lahej near Aden, and I am sorry to say
that I cannot recognise their differences from P. d. indicus.

(I may here add that the boundary between P. d. domesticus, which, according
to Zarudny, is still found in Ghilan and Masanderan in northern Persia, and
P. d. indicus which inhabits at least the eastern parts of Transcaspia, must be
somewhere in the latter province, as some specimens from there have the long
wing of P. d. domestictis. while others appear to be intermediate.)

Emberiza tahapisi arabica (Lorenz and HcDni.).

Friiigillaria iiiabica Lurenz and Hellmayr. Orn. Momilsb. 1902. |). 5.5 (Ycshbuiii, 8. Arabia) : Sclatcr,
Ibis. 1917. p. 148.

I cannot see the necessity or advisabiUty to separate the so-called Fringillariu
from Emberiza. As to E. arabica it is undoubtedly a subspecies of E. lahafisi.
and is much nearer to E. t. tahapisi than to the Socotran form, which is con-
siderably paler.

Anthus sordidus arabicus subsp. iiov.

.inthiii kiKophri/s caytus (nee Haitert!) Sclater, Ibis, 1917. ji. 157.

The Pipit of South Arabia is very unlike capius, but after due consideration
can be regarded as a subspecies of the same species. It has the same elongated
bill and general structure, but differs at a glance by having the upper side
considerably darker, the wide edges to the wing-coverts browner and darker,
sides of the head darker, underside more brownish and much more heavily
spotted on the chest. Eliminating a number of apparently wrongly sexed speci-
mens I measure: 10 S wings 195-101-5, 10 ^ 89-94 mm. 'i ype : "§" ad.
(apparently <J) Menakha 29. i. 1913, No. 331 G. W. Bury Collection. (Tring
Museum). (31 .skins examined and compared.)

This form differs from A. s. hararensis in being much larger and more
heavily spotted on the chest, while A. s. longirostris has the edges to the
feathers of the upperside and the rump more cinnamon-brownish.

Hab. : Yemen (Menakha, Wasil. Hajeilah, Souk-al-Khamis) and Amiri
district. South Arabia. No doubt breeding in these countries.

While describing this new form ray attention has been called tu the binl
from Sokotra. which is another distinct subspecies. It has very little to do
with A. sordidus sordidus from Abyssinia, which is very dark brown on the
upperside, with rusty browTi edges to the wing-coverts, and a much more rusty
cinnamon undersurface. In coloration of the upperside the Sokotra form is
intermediate between arabicus and capius, being dark brown with pale edges
to the feathers, but underneath it is even lighter than capius. Unfortunately,
tile specimens collected by the Grant-Forbes expedition are all in very worn
plumage. Wing shorter than in arabicus. i.e. S ad. 89-90, $ 84-85 mm.

I call this form, which breeds in Sokotra :

Anthus sordidus sokotrae subsp. nuv.

Type : 5 Ahlo Pass, 3,500 ft.. Sokotin i>. ii. 1899, Ogilvie-Grant and H. 0.
Forbes coll. (Tring Museum).

Neumann {I.e. p. 234) has already called attention to these new forms.

In 1905, when describing the large pale Pipit, which inhabits Persia, Bahi-

458 XOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXIV. 15)17.

chistan, and Afghanistan, I called it Anthus leucoplirys capins. The Pipits of
Africa and India were then very little understood, and their study is very
difficult indeed. I was under the impression that the name levcophrys was
referable to the forms with a more spotted upperside ; i.e. having pale edges
and dark centres to the feathers, and that the name sordidus Eiippell, given to
specimens in very worn plumage, and with a poor figure and not too exact
description, belonged to the other group -nith uniform back. Since then Neu-
mann's very useful notes appeared in Journ. /. Orn. 1906. pp. 231-237. I am
now convinced that there are — besides A. riifvhis in its various subspecies — two
quite distinct species in Africa, and that one of them must be called leucophrys.
The other, which Neumann called nicliolsoni, must be called sordidus ! The
specimens Nos. 252, 263, 329, and 330 (see Neumann, I.e. p. 234) must be
Riippell's sordidus (cf. Neumann's valuable note and measurements of the
types), but Neumann was misled by the bad condition of the specimens into
the belief that they were a form of leucophrys. Though forms of sordidus and
leitcophrys occur together in South. East, and North-East Africa, they are by
no means always easy to distinguish, if in abraded plumage, when these cf the
former species are almost uniform on the back ; in fact the only certain char-
acter, besides the more spotted upperside, is the longer, straighter, and slenderer
bill. These Pipits must therefore be grouped as follows :

Anthus sordidus sordidus^ nicliolsoni, nyassae, longirostris, hararensis,
arabicus, sokotrae, captus, jerdoni, similis. On the other hand A. leucophrys
leucophrys, omoensis, saphiroi, zenkeri, vaalensis, angolensis, hohndorffi, gouldi.

(A series from the Wagar Mountains in North Somaliland agrees v^ith A.
sordidus hararensis, hut has, on the whole, the upperside slighflj' lighter, vhile
one from Harar is equally pale. To be quite sure about the birds from North
Somaliland, it will be necessary to compare a series of freshly moulted specimens
with similar ones from Harar.)

Lanius minor Gm.

There is no doubt that the specimens collected by Bury, which Mr. Ogilvic-
Grant described as " L. yemenensis," are young L. minor.

Mr. Sclater, while in other cases quite judiciously using trinomials, among
the Shrikes and in other cases, where trinomials were equally opportune, used
binomials, as for example in the instance of the red-headed Shrike, Lanius senator
niloticus. He also went in for much genus-splitting, but not quite judiciously;
if he separated L. nuhicus as " Fiscus," L. senator as " Phoneus." L. collurio as
" Enneocto7ius," and L. phoenicuroides an " Otomeki," he should also have placed
in a special genus Lanius minor with its widely different \dng-formula, i.e. very
short first and long second primary.

Acrocephalus streperus streperus ('V^ieill.).
Hajeilah, 2,080 ft., ? 12. iv. 1913.
Sclater only mentions a specimen of A. palustris frcm the same locality.

Cisticola cisticola arabica subsp. nov.

Cisticola cisticola aridula (non Witherby), Sclater, Ibis, 1917. p. 156 (Yemen).

Comparing our three specimens from Hajeilah, shot in March and April
at an altitude of 2,080 It., and others collected at Lahej, I find that they are

XOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. *""

indeed closely allied to C. c. aridula, but that the rump is distinctly darker
rufous bro-wn ; it becomes therefore necessary to separate this form under the
above name.

Type in the Tring Museum, No. 583 Bury Collection, Hajeilah l.iv. 1913.

Parisoma blaniordi distincta subsp. nov.

" Sylvia blanjordi," Sclater, Ihis, 1917. p. 158.

The South Arabian form of Parisoma hlanjordi differs at a glance from a
series from Somaliland by being considerably larger, and by the different extent
of the white on the outer tail-feathers. As a rule the white line on the outer
web of the ultimate rectrix is wider in the African, narrower in the Arabian form,
while in the former the white on the inner web is as a rule wider in extent, ranging
up to about one-third of the length of the feather, while in the Arabian sub-
species it is restricted to a spot not more than 5 to 8 mm. long. There is,
however, some variation in this in Africa, the white on the inner web being not
more than in P. b. distincta in a male from Dubar, North Somaliland. The
type of P. hlanjordi (Sylvia hlanjordi Seebohm, Proc. Zool. Sac, London, 1878,
p. 979) is from Rairo in Abyssinia, and in it the white has been restricted to a
spot as in P. b. distincta, but is entirely worn off, as is often the case, the dark-
coloured portions of the feathers being stronger, thus resisting the wearing
off much longer. The other specimens I have seen from Africa are all from
Somahland, except one from the Erba Mountains, not far from Port Soudan,
in which the outer rectrices are wanting. More Abyssinian specimens should
be compared with those from Somaliland, but they are probably one and the
same race. The wings are 63 to 66 mm. long, against 67 to 72 in P. h. distincta.
The bill is much larger in the latter. Compared : 14 P. b. blanjordi and 15
P. b. distincta.

Type of P. h. distincta : 3ad. Gerba, South Arabia, 15. xi. No. 611 G. W.
Bury Collection.

Monticola rufocinerea sclateri subsp. nov.

[Saxicola nt/ocincrea Ruppell , xVeac Wirb. Abyss., Vog. p. 76. Taf. 27 (1835— Simen in Abyssinia).]
Arabian specimens differ from typical rujocinerea by the greater amount
of brown on the outer tail-feathers. 'W hile in 31. r. rujocinerea, of which I have
compared over 30 specimens from Abyssinia and North Scmaliland in the Tring,
and a series in the British Museum, the brown on the inner web of the outer
tail-feather varies from 1 or 2 to 7 mm. (the latter rarely), it is 10 to 14 mm.
wide in 31. r. sclateri. There is no constant difference in size, though 1 have not
measured an Arabian male with a wing over 86, and some with wings of only
84 mm., while in males from Eritrea, Abyssinia, and North Somaliland the wings
range from 85 to 89 mm. Nor is there any constant difference in the shade of
the colours in the males, though some African males have paler throats, and the
Arabian female is distinctly more greyish on the throat ; more specimens, how-
ever, must be seen to confirm these differences. I have named this new form in
honour of Mr. W. L. Sclater, who has written a very creditable article on Bury's
collection from Arabia, the ornithology of which was quite a new field for him.
Type of M. rujocinerea sclateri: (J ad. Wasil, 4,000 ft., 4. iii.1913. No.
475 Bury Coll. (Tring Museum).

4li(l XnviTATF.s Zooi.ooiiAK XXIV. ini7.

We Jiavt- 5 rj ami one ? froni .Menakha and Wasil and one ,j fifin Sok-al-
Khaniis. 7,000 ft.. IS. vii. 1913.

'I'here is probably a tliird race in East Africa. A male collectrd by William
Doherty on tlic Escarpment, Kikuyn M(iuntains, has the brown on the inner web
of the outer rectrices nearly 15 mm. wde, and a wing of about 90 mm. A female
from the same place has also rather much bro'WTi on the lateral rectrices, wliile
two young females are rather brown on the upperside. More material ■nill very
likely show the Kiknyu bird to belong to a third subspecies, for it can hardly
be the Arabian form, and its habitat is also far a'way from Abyssinia and Noith
vSomalilaiid.

Prunella fagani (O. -Grant).

Accentor fagani Ofii\vie(iii-mt. Bull. B. A. I'liih. xxxi. p. 88 (191.1 — Yemen): Sclater, //;i.s, 1017.
p. 162.

The Tring Museum has received '1 o and 2 ? of this very interesting biid.
It appears to be nearest to P. ocularis, which has been very wrongly united with
fulvescens; in Vog. d. pat. Fauna I. p. 770, I treated it as a sub.species of
fulvescens. and if that view is correct, I suppose P. fngnni must also be called
Prunella fulvescens fagani.

Phoenicvirus ochruros phoenicuroides (Moore).

RiiticiUa phoenicuroides Monre. /'ror. Znnl. Sor. l.dnrion, xxii. p. 25. pi. Ares Ivii. (18.55 —
Northern India).

3 <J ad. Menakha. 20, 23.xii. 1912, l.ii. 1913.

In two of these specimens the black on the mantle (always hidden by grej-
edges to the feathers in autumn and winter) is not present : it always varies
in extent, and I have before me specimens from southern Transcaspia in which
it is absent, while in others it is well developed.

Mr. Sclater only mentioned Phoenicxirus phoenicvrus phoenicurvs and mesv-
leuctis from Menakha, Wasil, Hajeilah. and Hodeida. On examining these
specimens I find that the mesolcucus were correctly named, but that only those
from Wasil and Hodeida. apparently also the female from Hajeilah, were phoe-
nicurus, while those from Menakha, like the specimens in the Tring Museum,
belong to phoenicvroifles. which T have treated as a sub.species of ochruros f Vug-
pal. Favna, p. 723).

Saxicola toiauata rubicola (L.).

Motacilla Ruhicoln l.imiaeu.s, Sijst. Xnt. eel. xii. I. 1. p. 3.32 (1760 — Ex .Aldrovandns. .Alhin,
Bris-son, Willugby. Terra typica: France, ex Brisson).

VV'c have received 6 cJ and 3 $ from Menakha, shot in December and January,
which belong to the European form, rvhicola, having spotted upper tail-coverts
and no white at the base of the tail.

Saxicola torquata mauia (Pali.).

Mnlacilla mnvra Pallas, Jleise d. versch. Prov. Riiss. Rrirh.i, ii. p. 708 (1773 — S. Ural and between
rivers Tobul and Irtish).

1 $ Hajeilah, 2,080 ft., 7. iv. 1913. has whitish, unspotted upper tail-coverts,
and white bases to the tail-feathers. It belong.s therefore to 8. I. mavru. Selatir

NOVITATES ZoOLOfflCAE XXTV. 1017. 461

quotes only this form as occurring at Mcnakha, Hajeilah, and Sanaa, but when
doing so he did not. apparently, consult my book, but judged from the boxes
in the British Museum, where four subspecies appear to be mixed up, though
there are perhaps no true maiira at all. As I have explained in my book, manra
is the bird of the Caucasus and southern Ural. The British Museum specimens
collected by Bury from Menakha are all rvbicola, those from Sanaa and Hajeilah
are :

Saxicola torquata indica (Blyth).
We have not received this form, nor is there a true manra from Arabia in
the British Museum. S. t. rubicola, besides its upper tail-coverts being spotted
■viath black, has the bill stronger than indica, and both differ from mavra in having
no white, or only traces of it, at the base of the tail. The upper tail-coverts
have never any black spots in indica or maura.

Cercomela melanura eriangeri Neum. and Zedl.

Cercomda niFlntnna rrlanrjeri Zedlitz, Joiini. /. Orn. 1912. pp. 497, 556 (South Arabia).

(J? in terribly worn plumage, Wasil, 4,000 ft., 22, 24. ii. 1913.

Mr. Sclater, calling this form C. wtdanwm, has obviously overlooked Zedlitz'
lucid explanation of the Arabian forms of Cercomela melanura. Temminck
figured and named Cercomela melanura (sub. nomine Saxicola melafinra) from a
specimen collected by Eiippell in " Arabia,' but Riippell had collected it in
'■ Arabia petraea," i.e. the Sinai Peninsula, and not in southern Arabia ! Now
the Sinai Peninsula and Palestine are inhabited by a very pale grey form,
i.e. C. melanura melanura — synonyms asthenia Bp. and yerburyi Sharpe, — while
the form inhabiting southern Arabia must be called C. mekiruira erhmgeri'Neum.
an;:! Ze«11.

Oenanthe yemenensis Grant.

Oenanihe yetnenensis Ogilvie-Grant, BjiII. B. O. Cbih, xxxi. p. 166 (Menakha, Yemen).

Of this interesting species we have received a young male, still showing
the buff spots of the juvenile plumage on the nape and back, shot at Sanaa
11. ix. 1913. and an adult female, Menakha, 25. i. 1913.

To me this species does not look much like 0. bottae, being so very much
paler on the upperside and underside, and having the ear-coverts pale bufi.
with only a black streak along their upper edge, while they are mostly black in
0. bottae. It resembles O. isabellina, but the forehead and greater part of the
crown are deep brown, the breast a little darker and more vinous, but from
both isabellina and bottae it is distinguished by the middle pair of pectrices being
black to or almost to the base, while the base of those two feathers is white
for about IS to 2 cm. The wing of our adult female measures 101 mm.

Pycnonotus xanthopygos reichenowi Lorenz and Hellm.

Pycnonutu.s reichenowi Lorenz and Hellmayr. Oni. Monatsher. 1901. p. 30 (S. Arabia).

Sclater (p. 169) says that he cannot confirm the supposed differences between
Palestine (typical xanthopygos) and South Arabian specimens. While I quite
agree that the difference in size which Lorenz and Hellmayr mentioned is not

462 NO^TATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. HII7.

borne out by series, and that there is not the slightest difference whatever in
the coloration of the throat, etc., it cannot be denied that the upper surface of
South Arabian examples is generally slightly brc\\Tier, darker. 1 think it thtic-
fore advisable for the present to admit reichenowi as a subspecies rather than to
rule it out altogether.

It would be interesting to compare a good series from Muscat. The few
specimens in the British Museum seem hardly distinguishable from P. x. xcin-
thopygos.

The wings of Palestine males measure 98-100, females 91-95-5, those of
South Arabian males 95-98. once 100, females 88-95 mm.

Tchitrea viridis ferreti an subsp. nov.

Typical T. viridis from West Africa have the back much paler rufous.
Arabian specimens agree in colour with the form ferreti frc m north-eastern Africa,
but nearly all have the bill larger. I would, however, like to see a bigger series
before giving a name to this apparently new subspecies. Bury sent us three
specimens from Wasil.

Aerops albicollis major Parrot.

Aerops albicollis major Parrot, Oni. Monatsber. 1910. p. 12 (South Arabia, North-East Africa, south
to Zambesi, east to Uganda). ,

<J $ad. Hajeilah, 7, 17. iv. 1913.

There are two very distinct forms of Aerops albicollis, a western, A. albicollis
albicollis, and an eastern, A. a. major. The latter is distinguished frcm the
former by larger dimensions, chiefly larger bill and longer wing, and also more
bluish tail, generally without any greenish tinge. All Arabian skins are very
typical major, but the few Uganda specimens which I have seen belong to
A. a. albicollis.

Columba livia palaestinae Zedl.

Colnmba livia palaeslinac Zedlitz, Joiirn. /. Orn. 1912. p. 339 (Palpstine).

We have a o and $ from Menakha, 7 and 27.1.1913, and the British
Museum has also a pair from Menakha, as well as a <? frcm Hajeilah, 2,080 ft.
Sclater called these birds C. I. intermedia, but this is a mistake, for C. I. inter-
media is the form from tropical India and a much darker bird. The Arabian
birds are indistinguishable from C. I. palaestinae, and this form is nearest to C.
I. schimperihom Nubia and Egypt, and of similar dimensions, but it is slighter
darker, especially on the under tail-coverts.

NOVITATES ZOOLOC.ICAE XXIV. I !)1 7. 463

ON THE GENEEA MELANOTHRIX, DREPANOJANA, M ELAN ER-
GON, PARACYDAS, COTANA, HYPERCYDAS, EPICYDAS,
AND NERVICOMPRESSA OF THE FAMILY EUPTEROTIDAE
WITH DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.

By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.

(Plates XI, XII)

THESE genera have been founded on a number of Indo-Malayan and Papuan
insects which form a very homogeneous group together with Lasictnorpha
Joicey and Noakes, and are placed by modern workers at the head of the
Eupterotidae. But in spite of numerous indices all pointing to the fact, it has
not hitherto been realised that all the species contained in these genera are
dimorphic in a most extreme manner, with the exception of the single species
of Melanergon. Of LasiomorpJia we only know 3 specimens of 2 species, all 3 (J<J.

Melanothrix was erected by Felder (in the Erkldrung dcr Tajtln, LXXV-
CVII, page 6, Reise der Novara Zoologischer Tlieil, J5and II, Abthcilurg 2), for
the species he called piilchricohr from Java, but no diagnosis was given (for
the latter refer to Hampson, Fauna of Brilish India, Moths, vol. i. p. 44).

The following names and descriptions have been published : nymphaliaria
Wallc, pulchricolor Feld., coryna Swinh., atwpurpurea Auriv., liucotrigona
Hmpsn., nicevillei Hmpsn., homochroa Griinb., radiata Giiinb., lativiltata
Griinb., jumosa Swinh., alternans Pagenst., and xanthomelas Griinb. Of these
coryna Swinh. { = atroptirjmrea Auriv.) is the (J of nymphaliaria Walk.
( = pulckricolor Feld.) and this species must stand thus:

Melanothrix nymphaliaria nymphaliaria (Walk.)

Gnophos? nymphaliaria Walker, Cat. Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. vol. xxx. 5. p. 1598 (1806) (Java).
Melanothrix pulchricolor Felder, Reise d. Novara Lepid. IV. t. 94. f. 2. Erkl, Taf. p. 6 (Java).
Melanothrix atropurpurea Aurivillius, Entom. Tidskr. 1894. p. 175. No. 15 (Java).
Melanothrix coryna Swinhoe ?

There are two other subspecies of this species which I describe as new, as
f oUows :

Melanothrix nymphaliaria albidior subsp. nov.

$ differs from n. nymphaliaria in the much greater extent of white on the
wings and the greater extent of yellow on the sides of the abdomen.

On the forewings black of the outer one-third of the wing does not extend
inwards nearly so far along, and between veins 2, l,and inner margin, also in the
basal two-thirds of wing, the black colour between veins 4 and the inner margin
towards basal one-third is much reduced. On the hindwing the outer black
area is only two-thirds as wide as in n. nymphaliaria.

Habitat. Fort de Kock, West Sumatra, 1 ?.

464 XoviTATES ZooT.or.ifAK XX7V. ini".

Melanothrix nymphaliaria philippina, siibsp. nov.

Melanothrix pulchricolor var. Semper. Srhmett. Philip, vol. ii. (Naclitfalter). p. .387. X(t. 11.
pi. li. f. 2 (1896-1902) (Polillo).

$ differs from n. nymphaliaria in the almost entirely black forewings, a crenii-
late patch beyond cell and the ba.'^al half of wing below vein 1 alone being white.
The black of the hindwng is also wider, occupj'ing the outer half of wng.

Habitat. Polillo. Philippine Islands.

I have also a new species to describe, which appears to stand intermediate
between the nymplialiaria section wth almost black abdomen and the niceviUei-
leucotrigona section with entirely yello^^• abdomen, having the wngs of the
former and abdomen of the latter.

Melanothrix intermedia sp. nov.

Head, antennae, and thorax black, abdomen golden yellow.

Forewings differ from those of n. nymphaliaria in the greater extent of the
black of the inner two-thirds of the wing and in the teeth on the inner side of
the black outer one-third being longer, so that between veins 5 and 7 thej^ inter-
lock with those of the black portion of the inner two-thirds.

Hindwing differs in the teeth on inner side of black outer one-third being
smaller than in n. nymphaliaria .

Length of foreving : 38 mm. Expanse : 81 mm.

Habitat. Mergui Archipelago, 1 ?.

The next species is levcntrigona Hmpsn., of which the female has been wrongly
identified .

Melanothrix leucotrigona Hmpsn.

Melanothrix hncntrignna Hampson, Faun. Brit. Ind. Moths, vol. i. p. 44. fie, 27. No. 50 (1892)
(Mahvoon).

Dr. Griinberg has confused leucotrigona and niceviUei Hmpsn. when de-
scribing the $ of the latter, for Dr. Griinberg's $ of niceviUei is really the $ of
leucotrigona, while he figures in Seitz a $ of a Bornean .species not identical with
either.

The $of leucotrigona is in wing pattern nearest to nymphaliaria philippina,
but the white is less pure, the white marginal spots are larger, and the dentations
on the inner side of the black outer portion of both wings are much larger and
longer. Abdomen yellow.

Habitat. Burma and Tenasserim.

We next come to niceviUei Hmpsn.

Melanothrix niceviUei Hmpsn.

Melanothrix niceviUei Hampson. Fnun. Brit. Ind. Moth.i, vol. iv. Apji. p. 4.'50. No. ."lOa (1891))
(Toungoo, Burma).

The ? of this species is unde.scribed. It ditTcr.>- from all the other species
of the nymphaliaria .section in the white areas of both wings being much more
extended, its nearest all}' is radiata Griinb.

On the forewing the black in the inner three-fourths of wing strongly reduced ;
in the outer area the four white marginal spots below vein 5 run in and join

XoviTATEs Zoornr.TrAE XXIV. 1017. 4fi5

the wliite of the inner area, rerluoing the black of outer area to four wedge-
shaped black 2)atches ; the three white marginal spots above vein 5 run in
only half across the black area, forming three white streaks.

On the hindwng all the seven white marginal spots run into and join the
white discal area, reducing the black outer area to seven black wedge-shaped
patches. Abdomen yellow.

Habitat. Tenasserim to Perak.

Our next species is hornochroa Griinb.

Melanothrix hornochroa Griinb.

Melanothrix hornochroa Griiiiberg, Entom. Rdsch. 31 p. 21 (1914) (Kina Balu).

Dr. Griinberg in Seitz figures the $ of this insect as the 9 of nicevillei., while
he refers to it under his original description of his llehnothrix nicevillei ab. radiata,
as being intermediate between typical ? nicevillei and his ab. radiata (his typical
nicevillei being the $ of lencotrigona) .

$ differs from the ?? of nicevillei and lencotrigona in being as a rule larger,
in the black outer area being wider, and in the black on the inner area of the
forewings being much extended. It differs also from both in the white on both
wings being much purer, and is intermediate between these two species in that
the white marginal spots do not join the inner white areas of both wings. ))ut
are not nearly so widely separated from them as in lencotrigona .

Habitat. Kina Bahi, Borneo, 1 (?, 5 ??.

We now come to radiata Griinb.

Melanothrix radiata Griinb.

Melanothrix nicevillei var. radiata Griinberg, Entom. Rdsch. 31. p. 21 (1914) (Kina Balu).

This insect differs at a glance from $ of nicevillei in having the white replaced
by huffish cream-colour, and in the black of the outer area being much wider,
on the forewing at least one-third wider, and on the hindwing it takes up fully
the outer half of the wing. The black is also more bro\\iiish. All the marginal
spots join the inner cream area of both wings so that the black of the outer areas
is in the form of seven large wedge-shaped patches on each wing.

Habitat. Kina Balu, Borneo, 3 ??.

The (J of this and the following are unknown.

Melanothrix lativitta Griinb.

Melanothrix lativittata Giiinherg, Entom. Rdsch. .31. p. 21 (1914) (Kina Balu).

This species calls for no special remark.
Habitat. Kina Bahi, 1 ?.

V\'e now come to Semper's Melanothrix pulchricolor from Mindanao. This
is evidently a cj^uite distinct species and I describe it below.

Melanothrix semperi sp. nov.

?. Wings similar to nytnphaliaria, but less black. Abdomen yel]o\\ with
black transverse bands.

Habitat. East Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
Our next species is alternans Pagenst.

4B() NoviTATES ZoorooiCAE XXIV. ini".

Melanothrix altemans Pagenst.

Mdanothrix alternans Pagenstecher ?, Iris, vol. iii. p. 13 (1890) (Palawan).
Melanothrix fumosa Swinhoe 3 (? errore), Ann. 3Iaj. Nat. Hist. 7 (XVI). p. 142. No. 1 (1905)
(Brunei, Borneo).

Here fumosa Swinhoe is evidently the o of what v,e have in collections as
alternans Pagenst. from Kina Balu. I have never seen Palawan specimens, and
if they should be slightly different the Bomean form -nill have to stand as Melano-
thrix alternans fumosa Swinli. ; but until this has been proved the name must
remain for those from both islands M. alternans Pagenst.

Habitat. Palawan ; Brunei ; Kina Balu.

The last species is xanthomelas Griinb.

Melanothrix xanthomelas Griinb.

Melanothrix xanthomelas Griinb., Seitz, Grosssdimett. d. Erde.

We only know the $ of this quite aberrant species.

Habitat. Kina Balu, Borneo.

The genus Drtpanojana follows now.

Drepanojana Jasciata Auriv.

Drepanojana jasciata Aurivillius, Entom. Tidskr. 1893. p. 212. No. 25 (Sierra Leone).
Drepanojana apicalis Aurivillius, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 (vi) p. 353 (1896) (W. Africa).
Melanothris maeonia Druoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 (vi) p. 353 (1896) (W. Africa).

The only remark to be made here is that maeonia Druce and fasciata Aur.
are the ?§ of apicalis Auriv.

Habitat. Sierra Leone.

Lasiomorpha comes here ; it contains two species, one of which I describe
below as new.

Lasiomorpha meeki sp. nov.

3. Differs from L. noakesihy its chocolate-maroon, not purplish -black colour.
Fore wings differ in the costa being brilliant orange not black in the whitish
semihyaline patch being regidar not strongly diminished towards tornus, in
the band crossing the hyaline patch not being an ill-defined sinuate band of
scattered black scales, but consisting of a strong curved double band reaching
from costa to inner margin, distad deep maroon-chocolate, basad orange, and
in a broad streak of rufous between veins 1 and 2 from base of wing almost to
transverse band.

Hindwing bright chocolate-maroon, not purplish chocolate-black.

Length of forcwing : 38 mm. Expanse : 80 mm.

Habitat. Owgarra, Aroa River, British New Guinea, May 1908 (A. S.
Meek), 2^3.

The next genus is Melanergon with a single species, the typical subspecies
of which was included in his Cotana by Walker. Melanergon ditlers from Cotana
by vein 5 of the forewing being absent, by vein 3 of that wing arising much
farther from angle of cell, in the hindwing by vein 3 arising farther from angle
of cell, and by the sexes being non-dimorphic. Ihe single species vidua Walk.
falls into 4 subspecies as follows :

XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 467

Melanergon vidua vidua Walk.

Gotaria vidua Walker, List. Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mns. Part xxxxii. p. 549 (1865) (New Guinea).

Walker's type was a ? and the only other recorded specimen is the S de-
scribed below.

<J. Differs from the $ only in being paler, in the postmedian transverse band
being more distinct, through being more densely scaled, and confined to fore-
wing, in the frons being buff not black, and in the anal tuft being yellow not
white 6r cream.

Habitat. New Guinea ! (? type) ; <J Nr. Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains,
Dutch New Guinea, November and December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

Melanergon vidua proserpina B. Baker.

Melanergon proserpinus Bethune Baker, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 372. No. 7 (1904) (Aroa River).

Differs from v. vidua by the more intense black colouring and by the post-
median semihj'aline transverse band being broader and more strongly marked.
Habitat. South-East New Guinea.

Melanergon vidua fergussonis subsp. nov.

<J. Differs from the <J of v. vidua by the whole head, tegulae, and patagia
being orange, and in having an antemedian as well as a postmedian transverse
band on forewing ; end of abdomen orange.

Habitat. Fergusson Island, December 1896 (A. S. Meek).

Melanergon vidua louisiadensis subsp. nov.

$. Differs from v. vidua and v. proserjmia in having hardly any trace at
all of a transverse band, and in the anal tuft being dark buff.

Habitat. Sud-Est Island, Louisiade Islands, January to February 1916
(Eichhorn Bros.).

The next genus is Paracydas with 2 species. It differs from Cotana and
Melanergon in the forewing, in having vein 4 from lower angle of cell and 5
from upper angle, and 10 not being stalked.

Paracydas biagi B. Baker.

Paracydas hiagi Bethune Baker, Novit. Zoo!, vol. xv. p. 176. No. 5 (1908) (Biagi, Mambare River).

The ? of this is undescribed.

?. Antennae black ; head, thorax, and abdomen intense rufous, anal seg-
ment ringed with black, anal tuft pale grey.

Forewing deep chocolate-brown ; basal three-fourths of costa, base of
wing, and subcostal area bright rufous ; nervures rufous ; a large antemedian
primrose-yellow patch of raised scales on and between veins 2-5 ; a large post-
median curved patch white running out distad between the nervures into wedge-
shaped projections ; margin rufous yellow, fringe deep brown ; three ^^■hite
spots above veins 1, 2, and 3. Hindwing deep chocolate; base of wing and
abdominal area rufous clothed with long hair ; nervures rufous ; a row of sis

■108 MOVITATES ZooLoaicAU XXIV. MilT.

postmedian intriinoiviilar white patches, tliose above veint^ 4 and 5 being the
smallest ; margin nifons yellow, fringe deep browTi.

Length of forcwing ; 41 mm. Expanse: 91 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, 10 o<J, 1 ?.

Paracydas postpallida sp. nov.

o. Antennae deep brown ; head rusty orange-brovii ; thorax ehocolatc
liver-brown ; abdomen rufous red.

Forewing deep liver-brown ; a large antemedian grey and black stigma,
a median transverse black band, outer one-third with a somewhat ill-defined

postdiscal grey band and grey cloudings beyond ; fringe brown. Hindwing

basal half orange suffused with brown and crossed by a dark band ; outer half
dull brown shghtly suffused with orange and crossed by a greyish-olive band
edged with serrated brownish cloud-lines.

Length of forewing : 23 mm. Expanse : 53 mm.

Habitat. Lower Aroa River, British New Guinea, No%'ember 1904 to March
1905 (A. S. Meek.)

The next genus is C'olanii. with which I unite Epicyilas B. Baker. Mr.
Bethune Baker differentiates this from Cotana because vein 10 of forewing is
not stalked, but I consider this character alone not of sufficient importance to
separate the two genera. It must have struck everjone as strange that of
Cotana there were only ?$ while of the genus Nerviconipressa only <JcJ existed ;
the truth is that they are sexes having exactly the same nenration. Here we
have many species and subspecies.

Cotana castaneorufa Eothsch.

Cotana caslaneoruja RotliscliikI, Lepid. Brit. Orn. Exp. Snow Mis. p. 7'J. No. 419 (191.')) (Base
Camp).

I described the $ from i)r. Wollaston's collection, but the o is undescribed.
(J antennae blackish brown ; head and thorax deep chocolate liver-brown ;
abdomen deep orange.

Forewing chocolate liver-brown, a tiny white dot at base, an antemedian
buff stigma followed by a buff transverse band distinct and broad at costal half,
growing narrower and indistinct on inner half ; a more or less indistinct post-
discal transverse greyish-olive outwardly curved chain of half moons ; fringe
irregularly chequered with orange-brown. Hindwing orange ; outer two-
thirds almost completely suffused with ^ve^-bro^vTl ; a brown transverse line in
ba.sal one-third and an orange one somewhat sinuate in outer one-third.

Length of forewing : 21 mm. Expanse : 49 mm.

Habitat. Snow Jlountains, Dutch N(^\ Guinea ; o Upper iSelekva River,
:^iiu-300 ft., April 1911 (A. 8. Meek).

Cotana bisecta sp. nov.

o. Antennae shaft white, pectinations dark brown ; head and thorax dark
brown ; abdomen orange.

Forewing dark brown somewhat suffused with ehestnut-rufous, a median
lilack band, a postmedian indistinct blackish band beyond which is a lunate
huffi-^h liand uii the outside of ■\\liich is a line of black dots jciiicil \i\ a chain

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XX1\'. 1!)17. 4(i9

of indistinct blackish lunules ; fringe dark brown, Hindwing orange-yellow;

an antemedian transverse line sooty black, a median indistinct blackish cloud
band beyond which are two lunulate bands ; fringe and margin cinnamon
rufons-brown.

Length of forewing : 23 mm. Expanse: 52 mm.

Habitat. Angabunga River, British New Guinea, 6,000 ft., November 1904
to February 1905 (A. 8. Meek).

Cotana brunnescens sp. nov.

(J. Frons orange-rufous, vertex rufous-brown ; antennae shaft orange-
buff, pectinations dark brown ; thorax rufescent chocolate-browri ; abdomen
rufous-brown.

Forewing deep chocolate liver-browii ; two indistinct darker postmedian
bands beyond which is a row of black dots. — ■ — Hindwing similar.

Some oS have the ground-colour of the wings much paler more greyish
liver-brown, and then beyond the two transverse postmedian bands there is a
distinct paler greyish-yellow or yellowish-grey lunulate band and the band cf
black spots has the spots connected by lunules.

?. Head and tegulae orange-rufous, antennae black ; rest of thorax and
first abdominal segment greyish liver-brown ; rest of abdomen rufous.

Forewing pale chocolate liver-brown ; ba,sal two-thirds of costo-subcostal
area suffused with cinnamon-rufous, nervures yellowish brown, a large cream-
white patch below middle of cell ; a postdiscal transverse band of eight
intranervular cream- white patches, the upper five being wedge-shaped, the lower

three lunate, terminal ends of nervures marked with orange.- Hindwing

similar, but only six cream-white patches in band all lunate.

Length of forewing : <J 21 mm., $ 34mm. Expanse : <J 49 mm., ? 77 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, N.E.New Guinea, 5,000 ft., February ]90(i
(A. S. Meek), 12 <?<?, 2 ??.

Cotsna pallidipascia sp. nov.

(J. Antennae shaft black, pectinations dark brown ; head and thorax
chocolate-brown ; abdomen orange-brown.

Forewing pale chocolate-brown ; a whitish dot in basal one-fourth below
cell, an indistinct shadowy black median line, a postmedian double line inside
greyish white, outside dark brown, fringe white. — ■ — Hindwing paler chocolate-
brown, postmedian line very indistinct.

Length of forewing : 19 mm. Expanse : 43 mm.

Habitat. Biagi. Mambare River. N.E. New Guinea, 5,000 ft., February 190C
(A. «. Meek), 4 So-

Cotana aroa 13. Baker.

Nervicojupressa arixt Bellnitie Baker, Novit. Zool. vol. xi. p. 302. Xo. 57. pi. iv. f. 6 (1904) (Arua
River).

The cJ only of this is described.

?. Antennae black ; head and tegulae orange ; rest of thorax olivaceous
brown somewhat tinged with orange ; abdomen orange-rufous. Forewing
eliocnlate-ljrown, nervures yellow ; a large yellow patch in basal ont-third of

470 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXIV. 1917.

wing below cell ; a postmedian band of intranervular coalescent golden-yellow
patches, the upper four wedge-shaped, the lower four arrowhead-shaped, the
points of all truncated.- — • — Hindwing same ground-colour but only six patches
in postmedian band, all of which are arrowhead-shaped, the lower three only
having their points truncated.

Length of forewing : 32 mm. Expanse : 71 mm.

Habitat. Aroa River, British New Guinea.

Cotana variegata sp. nov.

(J. Antennae brown ; head cinnamon-rufous ; thorax chestnut ; abdomen
orange.

Forewing basal one-fourth cream- white ; in this is an oblique chocolate
streak, below which is a looped zigzag line which just below streak forms a
white stigma ; an antemedian dark-chocolate transverse band, central one-third
of wing pale chocolate becoming paler distad ; outer one-third creamy grey, a
crenulate postdiscal brown line, a dark-chocolate spot before tornus, and a
quadrate dark-chocolate patch between vein 7 and half-way between veins 6 and
5. — ■ — Hindwing orange ; a postmedian transverse crenulate dark band be-
yond which is a similar lunate one.

?. Antennae black ; head and tegulac orange ; thorax and last two
abdominal segments grej'-brown ; rest of abdomen deep orange. Forewing
chocolate rufous-brown, nervures yellow ; a round white spot belcw cell in basal
one-third of wing, a slightly curved median darker chocolate band, a pcstdiscal
row of eight intranervular wedge-shaped white patches, the one below costa

very small. Hindwing ground-colour and median band similar ; postdiscal

row of wedge-shaped patches golden yellow.

Length of forewing : o 21 mm., ? 33 mm. Expanse : 3 47 mm., $ 74 mm.

Habitat. Upper Setekwa River and near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains,
Dutch New Guinea, 3,000-3,500 ft., August to December 1910 (A. S. Meek),

4 <?o^ 2 ??.

Cotana meeki sp. nov.

(J. Antennae shaft black, pectinations basa-1 two-fifths orange, outer three-
fifths sooty black ; head, tegulae, and patagia brilliant orange ; rest of thorax
chocolate-rufous tinged with grey ; abdomen fiery orange.

Forewing basal one-third cream-white, with an irregular somewhat hourglass-
shaped rufous-chocolate patch running into middle from costa with white dot
in centre, from this patch a somewhat indistinct irregular dark line runs to inner
margin ; median one-third chocolate bordered exteriorly by a lunulate whitish
band and with the nervures white ; a postmedian broad crenulate lavender-
grey band edged narrowly outwardly with chocolate ; outer one-fourth below
vein 5 creamy wiiitc, above vein 5 chocolate with a large greyish-white apical

patch. -Hindwing basal two-thirds orange, outer one-third chocolate ;

some indistinct darker shadow lines in basal portion and a lunulate cream band
in outer one-third ; marginal line cream, fringe chocolate.

$. Antennae black ; head, thorax, and abdomen fiery reddish orange, anal
tuft lavender-blue. Forewing base reddish orange, costo-subcostal area for
basal two-thirds orange chestjiut-brown, rest of wing rufcnis marccn-chccDlate

NOVITATES ZOOLOGTCAE XXIV. 1917. 471

very thinly scaled. A large white patch in basal one-third of wing below
median, a broad white postdiscal transverse band running out into long intra-

nervular projections distad, the upper four of these being more pointed.

Hind wing ground-colour similar, the postdiscal band more distinctly lunulate.

Length of forewing : 3 22 mm., $ 31 mm. Expanse : S 48 mm., $ 69 mm.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, N.E. New Guinea, 5,000 ft., March 1906
(A. S. Meek), 9 3<S, 8 ?$.

Cotana lunulata (B. Baker).

Nervicompressa lunulata Bethune Baker, Novit. Zool. vol. si. p. 390, No. 53. pi. W. i. i (1904)
(Dinawa) cj.

The $ of lunulata is very similar to that of meeki, but is paler all over, and
more rufescent on the wings, while the postdiscal white bands are much narrower.

I have no specimens from so low an elevation as Dinawa.

Angabunga River, British New Guinea, 6,000 ft., November 1904 to Feb-
ruary 1905 (A. S. Meek), 8 <?<?, 3 ?? ; Aroa River, British New Guinea, 4,000
to 5,000 ft.. May 1905 (A. S. Meek), 1 ?.

Cotana lunulata albaserrati (B. Baker).

Hyperajdas albaserrati Bethune Baker, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (vi.). p. 451 (1910) (Biagi).

The (J resembles I. Imiulata, but is larger ; it differs at first sight in the outer
one-third of forewing being much paler more yellow, and the hindwing is much
brighter yellow. All transverse lines are also more distinct.

The ? differs from $ I. lunulata in being much darker, the white patch in
basal one-third of forewing is reduced to a small dot, and the postdiscal bands
are much narrower and more cream-coloured.

Habitat. Biagi, Mambare River, N.E. New Guinea, 5,000 ft., March 1906
(A. S. Meek), 10 <?<?, 3 $?.

Cotana lunulata occidentalis subsp. nov.

(J. Differs from I. albaserrati by the transverse line of forewing being ante-
median not median, and the postdiscal band being much greyer. On the
hindwing it differs in having the postdiscal line almost straight, being much
less crenulate.

Habitat. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,500 ft., August 1910 (A. S. Meek), 2 $S-

Cotana lunulata satisbona supsb. nov.

(J. Differs from I. lunulaia in being much larger and all the transverse bands
and lines much sharper and more distinct. ?. Differs from I. albasserrati in being
much paler yellowish rufous all over, and the anal tuft is ash-grey.

Length of forewing : <? I. lunulata, 19 mm., I. satisbona. 23 mm. Expanse :
(J I. lunulata, 45 mm., I. satisbona, 54 mm.

Habitat. Goodenough Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, 2,500-4,000 ft.,
April 1913 (A. S. Meek), 8 <?<?, 1 ?.

Cotana rosseliana sp. nov.
(J. Antennae black ; head and thorax chocolate-brown ; abdomen deep
orange. rore\nng basal three-fifths orange-brown, outer two-fifths paler
32

472 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. UllT.

more suffused with yellow ; a broad irregular subbasal dark-brown band fol-
lowed by a dull yellow stigma ringed with dark brown ; a curved median black-
brown band ; three crenulate black lines of varying sharp nessin outer two-
fifths ; a dark-brown patch below apex.

?. Antennae black ; head, thorax, and abdomen saffron-yellow, anal tuft
sulphur-gre}\ Forewing saffron-yellow ; a round white spot below median in

basal one-third ; a crenulate lunate transverse postdiscal white band,

Hindwing saffron-yellow with lunate postdiscal white line less distinct.

Length of forewing : S 23 mm., $ 29 mm., Expanse : <S 54 mm., ? 65 mm.

Habitat. j\Iount Rossel, Rossel Island, Louisiade Islands, 2,100 ft.,
December 1915 (W. F, Eichhorn), 9 36, 2 ?? ; Sud-Est Island, April 1898
(A. S. Meek), 1 9,

Cotana rosseliana diluta subsp. nov.

?. Differs from r. rosseliana in the postdiscal bands being almost obliterated.
Habitat. St. Aignan, Louisiade Islands, October 1897 (A. 8, Meek), 2 5$.

Cotana affinis sp, nov.

(J, This species is allied to erectilinea B, Baker.

Antennae shafts black, pectinations brown : head brownish orange ; thorax
creamy cinnamon ; abdomen deep orange.

Forewing basal one-third cream- white, an oblique subbasal chocolate band,
and a broad dark-chocolate antemedian band, in between these two bands is a
chocolate stigma with white centre ; outer two-thirds of wing creamj' grey
washed with brown ; a postmedian cream-grey band edged outwardly by

■A crenulated chocolate hair line ; a large chocolate patch above vein 6,

Hindwing orange-yellow, bright orange at base and on inner area ; two faint
transverse shadow lines, fringe brown.

Length of forewing : 22 mm, Expanse: 50 mm.

Habitat. Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
November 1908 to January 1909 (A, E, Pratt).

Cotana erectilinea (B. Baker).
Nervicompressa erectilinea Bethune Baker, Ann. Mng. Nat. Hist. 6(viii), p, 449. (1910)(Ninay Valley).
Of this species only 3S are known.

Cotana erectilinea setakwensis supsp. nov.

(J. Differs from e. erectilinea in the forewings much yellower and the hind-
wings paler.

Habitat. Upper Setakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,000 ft,, September 1910 (A. S. Meek), 6 <J<J.

Cotana joiceyi subsp. nov.

S. Differs from unislrigata in the forewing, having the basal half huffish
cream-colour, and the outer half huffish grey, not the whole wing pale liver-brown ;
the median band is more oblique and brown not black, and there is no stigma,

?, Differs from the ? of unistrigata in being smaller, the white patch and
postdiscal bands much larger and pure white, and the nervures and margins
deep bright yellow ; thorax and costal area rufous orange.

NOVITATES ZOOLOCilCAE XXIV. 1917. 473

Length of forewing : cj 21 mm., ? 27 mm. Expanse : <? 48 mm., $ 60 mm.
Habitat. Angi Lakes, Arfak Mountains, 8,000 ft., Dutch New Guinea (A. C.
and F. Pratt), Mus. Joicey, 6 cJcJ. 4 $?.

Cotana bakeri (Joicey and Talbot).

Nervicompressabakeri Jokey and Talbot, /!»». 3Iag. Nat. Hist. 20 (viii). p. 65. pi. 111. i. 15 (1917)
(Wandammen Mts.).

Only the S type known.

Cotana albomaculata (B. Baker).

Nervicompressa atbomaculata Bethune Baker o, Novil. Zool. vol. xi. p. 391. No. 54. pi. iv. f. 3. (1904)

(Dinawa).
Epicydas ovala Bethune Baker ?, Novit. Zool. vol. xv. p. 175. No. 3. (1908) (Ekeikei).

Only the 3 type of albomaculata and the $ type of ovata are known.

Cotana kebeae (B. Baker).

Nervicompressa kebeae Bethune Baker, Novit. Zool. vol. xi. p. 391. No. 56. pi. iv. f. 10. (1904) (Mt.
Kebeae).

Only (J (J of this species are known. In the Tring Museum from Biagi,
Mambare River, N.E. New Guinea, 5,000 ft.; March 1906. 2 S3, Angabunga
River, British New Guinea, 6,000 ft., November 1904 to February 1905 (A. S.
Meek), 2 <J<J.

Cotana kebeae grandis subsp. nov.

(J. Much larger than k. kebeae ; the thorax dark brown not pale cinnamon ;
the abdomen deeper and fierier orange ; the forewing much darker brown
with much heavier, more distinct, and broader transverse bands ; the hindwing
deeper orange with more distinct bands.

Length of forewing : k. kebeae, 21 mm. Expanse : 48 mm. Length of
forewing : k. grandis, 24 mm. Expanse : 56 mm.

Habitat. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,
3,000 ft., August 1910 (A. S. Meek), 2 33-

Cotana rubrescens Walk.

Cotana rubrescens Walker ?, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part 32 (Suppl. II). p. 549. (1865) (New

Guinea).
Nervicompressa unistrigata Bethune Baker, Novit. Zool. vol. xi. p. 390. No. 52. pi. iv. £. 5. (1904)

(Dinawa) q.
Hypercydas turneri Bethune Baker, Novit. Zool. vol. xv. p. 175. No. 1. (1908) (Kebea and JIafulu) ?.

This species is the type of the genus Cotana. It is in the Tring Museum
from Biagi, Mambare River, N.E. New Guinea, 5,000 ft., March 1906 (A. S.
Meek), 1 <J ; Milne Bay, S.E. British New Guinea, January 1899 (A. S. Meek),
1 3 ; Aroa River, British New Guinea, March 1905 (A. S. Meek), 1 <J ; Port
Moresby, British New Guinea (Mr. Rattle) 1 ? ; Welsch River, British New
Guinea (Weiske), 1 ? ; Mount Alexander to Mount Nisbet, Owen Stanley
Range, British New Guinea, January 1896 (A. S. Anthony), 1 ?; Aru Islands
(H. Kiihn), 1 ?.

Cotana rubrescens kapaura subsp. nov.
3. Differs from 3 ''• rubrescens in the very blunt rounded apex to the
forewings, in the uniform bright cinnamon not umber-brown colour of the

474 XoriTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1!)I7

forewings, in the broader and blacker transverse bands, and in the larger and
more distinct stigma.

?. Differs from the ? of r. rubresciis'm its paler ground-colour, in the safl'ron-
yeUow costal area and more yellow basal two-fifths of forewings, and in the
less distinct and partly obsolete postdiscal bands of yellow wedge-shaped and
lunate spots.

Habitat. Kapaur, Dutch New Guinea, December 1896 (W. Doherty), 1 (J, 1 §.

Cotana rubrescens oetakwensis subsp. ncv.

(J. Differs from cj of r. rubrescens in the bright cinnamon-orange colour of
the forewings, in the very strongly marked and large stigma, and in the very
broad heavy transverse median bands, both stigma and bands being of intense
velvety black.

Habitat. Nr. Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2,500
ft., October to December 1910 (A. S. Meek), 2 S6-

Cotana germana sp. nov.

(J. This species is very closely allied to rubrescens in the 3 and to joiceyi
in the ?.

Differs from rubrescens o in the paler less chestnut-brown of the forewings
and in the much thinner and less strongly marked transverse bands ; in the
much paler and almost patternless hindwings. The transverse band of the
forewing is also more concavely curved.

?. Antennae black ; head orange ; thorax chestnut-brown ; abdomen
rufous orange, anal tuft whitish grey.

Forewing liver-chestnut ; a white spot below median in basal one-third of
wing, a median slightly sinuate darker band, nervures and marginal line yellow,
a postdiscal coalesccnt band of intranervular white wedge-shaped patches
truncated distad. Hindwing similar in ground-colour, but band of white patches
lunate.

Habitat. Area River, British New Guinea, March 1905 (A. S. Meek), 3 JJ, 1 $,

Cotana calliloma (Turner).
Uypercydas calliloma Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. vol. xxvii. p. 23. (1902-3) (Queensland).

Of this species the only specimen hitherto recorded in Europe is the $ in the
Tring Museum from the Barnard collection from Barnard Islands bred Decem-
ber 29th, 1891 ; as all those attributed to this species from New Guinea are
not the same.

Cotana dubia (B. Baker).

Nermcompressa dubia Bethune Baker (J, Novit. Zool. vol. xi. p. 391. No. 55. pi. iv. t. 19. (1904)

(Dinawa).
Hypercydas doricrana Bethune Baker ?, Novit. Zool. vol; xv. p. 176. No. 2. (1908) (Aroa River).

Habitat. Aroa River, British New Guinea, November 1904 to February
1905 (A. S. Meek), 7 (J (J, 9 $? ; Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch
New Guinea, 3,000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek), 11 <J<J, 3 ??; Base Camp,
Utakwa River, Dutch New Guinea, November 1912 (A. F. R. Wollaston), 2 <?<?;
Milne Bay, S.E. British New Guinea, November 1898 (A. S. Meek), 3 ??.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

No.

1. Cotana germana Rothsch. <? . . .

o

rubresce7is Walk. ? - - -

3.

,. 3 . . .

4-

kapaura Rothsch. ?

5-

calliloma Rothsch ? . . .

6

, ruhrescens oetakivensis Rothsch. 3 -

7.

, erectilinea setakwensis Rothscli. <J .

8.

, kebeae (B. Baker) S - - -

9.

lumdata alhaserrati (B. Baker) S ■

10.

lunulata (B. Baker) o -

11.

, hrunnesceris Rothsch. 3 .

12.

erectilinea (B. Baker) S

13.

albomaculata (B. Baker) S

U.

„ ? - -

15-16. ,

joiceyi Rothsch. ? . . .

17.

., .. o

18.

germmxi Rothsch. o (ab ?) .

19.

, bakeri (Joicey & 'I'albot) S -

20.

, erectilinea (B. Baker) 3 (ab) .

p. 474
p. 474
p. 474
p. 473
p. 474
p. 474
p. 472
p. 473
p. 471
p. 471
p. 469
p. 472
p. 473
p. 473
p. 472
p. 472
p. 474
p. 473
p. 472

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXI\'. 1917.

PI. XI.

H l»ffiWi^'

H. Qyonvold, del.

MENPES PRESS, WATFORD

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIL

Co. 1.

Cotana dubia (B. Baker) <?

. p. 474

„ 2.

>,„?--

- p. 474

„ 3.

„ variegata Rothsch. o .

. p. 470

„ 4-

2 - -

- p. 470

„ 5.

„ meeki ,, $ .

. p. 470

„ 6.

„ ; „ ? - -

- p. 470

„ 7-

,, aroa (B. Baker) o.

. p. 469

„ 8.

„ rosseliana diluta Rothsch. $ -

- p. 472

„ 9.

Paracydas biagi B. Baker o

. p. 467

„ 10.

., ? -

- p. 467

,, 11.

„ postpallida Rothsch. J

. p. 468

„ 1-'.

Cotana kebene. grandis ,. ^

- p. 473

.. 13.

kebeae (B. Baker) <J (type)

. p. 473

„ 14.

„ briinnescens Rothsch. S -

- p. 469

„ 15.

„ lunulata albaserrati (B. Baker) ?

. p. 471

„ 16.

lumdata (B. Baker) ? -

- p. 471

., 17.

,, lunulata satisbona Rothsch. o

. p. 471

„ 18.

., ?

- p. 471

„ 19.

,, „ occidenialis Rothsch. <J

. p. 471

NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE, A'OL. XXH'. IDl"

PI. X

H. Grbnvold, del.

NPES PHESS, WATFORD

NOVtTATES ZOOLOOlCAE XXIV. 19l7. ' 475

SOME NEW MOTHS OF THE FAMILIES ARCTIIDAE AND
EUPTEROTIDAE.

By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.

AKCTIISAE.

1. Robinsonia irregularis, sp. no v.

(J. Pectus du'ty yellow ; antennae shafts black, serrations grey ; head olive-
grey-brown, five white dots on frons, one white spot on vertex ; tegulae olive-
grey-brown with two white patches, patagia white edged with olive-grey-brown,
rest of thorax olive-grey-brown with a median orange line and two lateral white
tufts ; abdomen orange, subdorsal bands reaching to penultimate segment
sooty grey.

Forewmgs olive-brown-grey, a white dot in cell, a large irregular white patch
below median, an elongate streak-like white patch below vem 1, six irregular
intranervular elongate white patches beyond middle of wing, an indistinct white
submarginal spot between veins 1 and 2.

Hindwings semivitreous white, a pale-grey patch on and around tornus.
Length of forewing : 19 mm. Expanse : 42 mm.

Habitat. Cuyaba, Matto Grosso (Paul Zobrys), 1 $.

2. Neidalia irrorata, sp. nov.

(J. Antennae, head, and thorax tawny orange tinged and somewhat suft'used
with scarlet ; abdomen orange clothed with long hair mixed orange and crimson.

Forewing golden yellow densely freckled and irrorated with scarlet, an
ante- and a postmedian line and fringe brown-grey ; a scarlet stigma with a

grey point. Hindwing orange-scarlet tinged with jDale crimson. ? larger,

antennae huffish brown ; head an thorax golden orange .suffused w ith red ;
abdomen rosy salmon colour, anal segment and tuft golden buff. Forewing
golden yellow much less freckled and krorated with scarlet than in the o , nervures
scarlet, ante- and postmedian bands scarlet with a few grey marks, frmge and
distal half of inner margm brown-grey. Hindwing salmon colour.

Length of forewmg : S 15 mm., ? 22 mm. Expanse : (J 34 mm., ? 50 mm.

Habitat. Yahuarmajo, South-East Peru, 1,200 ft., February— March 1912
(H. and C. Watkins), 1 cJ, 1 $.

o. Idalus albidior, sp. nov.

$. Pectus white suffused and freckled with crimson ; antennae grey-brown,
outer one-third white ; head white ; tegulae white edged with pale crimson,
l)atagia wliite with a golden and two pale-crimson patches ; rest of thorax white
with two pale-crimson lines and two grey dots posteriorly ; abdomen first three
segments rose-crimson with two dorsal white dots, rest of segments creamy
white slightly tinged with rose at the edges.

Forewing white, base with two slate-grey dots, four subbasal elongate slate-
grey spots of various lengths, basal half of cell slate-grey, distal half yellow ;

476 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. UUt.

below median is a yellow patch, an oblique slate-grey median band narrowing
from costa and reaching origin of vein 3, below vein 3 to inner margin somewhat
more distad runs a grey-brown band, a yellow tinge on cloud just beyond band
between veins 3 and 6, a dark-grey dot above vein 5. Hindwing white.

Length of forewing : 18 mm. Expanse : 41 mm.

Habitat. Las Quignas, VenezAiela (S. M. Klagcs).

4. Idalus afiinis, sp. nov.

(J. Allied to admirabilis Cram. ; differs from that species in the patagia ami
thorax being mixed with grey, in the slate-grey median band of forewing being
much expanded below vein 3, and entirely coalescing with the baso-subbasal
slate patch below vein 1, and in having a j)ink spot at tornus.

Length of forewing : 10 mm. ExjDanse : 37 mm.

Habitat. Sta. Catharina, 1 o.

.'). Zatrephes lentiginosus, sp. nov.

S- Pectus white ; palpi cream colour with a few scattered scarlet freckles ;
antennae amber-brown, basal joint scarlet ; head scarlet freclded with buff ;
thorax buff' freckled with scarlet ; abdomen buff freckled with scarlet and
clothed with long huffish cream hairs.

Forewmg brownish buS freckled all over with scarlet, a cream spot ringed

with scarlet above vein 4. Hindwing golden buff, costal area white, frmge

and margm scarlet mixed with buff, outer half of whig between vems 2 and 4
freckled with scarlet.

Length of forewing : 15 mm. Expanse : 34 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 3 Jo-

6. Zatrephes albotestacea, sp. nov.

cj. Pectus white ; antennae j)ale brown ; head greyish cream colour freckled
with scarlet ; thorax greyish cream colour ; abdomen slightly darker.

Forewing greyish cream colour with a few scattered scarlet scales ; ante-
and a postmedian j)ale greenish-grey shadow lines an u-regular reniform hyaline
patch edged with dark crimson between veins 3 and 5 ; fringe u-rorated with

crimson, white between veins 2 and 4. Hmdwing greyish golden buff, costal

area cream ; fringe greyish brown 9 much larger, a dead greyish cream colour,
hindwings bright cream-buff.

Length of forewing : oM5 mm., V 20 mm. Expanse : 3 34 mm, ? 46 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 3 SS, 2 ??.

7. Zatrephes rosella, sp. nov.

(J. Pectus white ; antennae grey-brown, basal one-fourth of shaft freckled
with crimson ; head and thorax cream-white freckled with crimson ; abdomen
pale crimson, anal tuft cream freckled with crimson.

Forewing cream-buff freckled with crimson ; an antemedian indistinct line,
a similar postmedian line below vein 3 and various cloudings beyond middle
of wing olive-grey ; a large irregular vitreous patch edged with olive-grey
between vems 3 and 7. Hindwuig pale crimson. $ with less olive-grey

ijOVtTATES ZoOLOOiCAE XXlV. I Oil 477

oloudiiig on forewing, with ante- and postmedian lines more distinct and hind-
wings paler more rose-pinli.

Length of forewing ; S9 15 mm. Expanse : 34 mm.

Habitat. La Union Rio Huacamayo Carabaya, South-East Peru, 2,000 ft.,
November 1904 (G. Ockenden), 1 ? ; French Guiana, Nouveau Chantier, May,
1 (J Type ; St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 5 (JcJ.

8. Amaxia maroniensis, sp. nov.

o . Pectus white ; antennae black, basal one-fifth amber-yellow, apical one-
fifth white ; head golden yellow ; tegulae golden yellow, patagia sooty purplish
grey with shoulder patch golden yellow edged with crimson and some pink hail-
on edge, rest of thorax sooty purplish grey ; abdomen sooty purplish grey, two
last segments golden yellow, lateral scarlet stripes which join on dorsal line
on penultimate segment.

Forewing costal area from base and outer three-fifths of wing golden yellow,
basal two-fifths of wing except costal area sooty purplish grey with scarlet edging
and nervures, basal one-third of vein 1 broadly a mixture of scarlet and yellow,
a yellow median spot with scarlet ring lielow vein 1 ; a subterminal row of seven
grey dots, disc of wing with a number of grey spots, foui' of which towards

apex are larger, contiguous, and more or less edged with scarlet. Hindwing

yellowish salmon-rose ; costal area whitish, a large subterminal sooty-grey
elongate patch.

Length of forewing : 16 mm. Expanse : 37 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni. French Guiana, 1 S.

9. Eriostepta pseudamaxia, sp. nov.

J. Pectus white, forecoxae j^ink, foretibiae crimson; antennae brown, tip
white, basal segment crimson ; frons dark grey with white spot, vertex golden
yellow with some crimson dots ; tegulae dark grey with a golden scarlet-edged
spot, patagia dark grey with outer half white and a basal yellow scarlet-edged
spot, rest of thorax dark grey with scarlet dots ; abdomen pale scarlet-crimson,
anal tuft dirty yellow.

Forewing basal half obliquely dark grey very irregular and jagged on distal
edge and with several yellow scarlet-edged sjjots the veins being mostly scarlet ;
outer half yellow, six marginal fuscous dots ; at apex of cell and between veins

5 and 8 four quadrate crimson-edged dark-grey j^atches irregularly placed.

Hindwing creamy white washed with yellow, a dark-grey terminal patch below
apex.

Length of forewing : 15 mm. Exjianse : 33 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 3-

10. Paranerita postrosea, sp. nov.

o. Antennae dark brown, outer one-fourth white ; head golden yellow with
red line behind vertex ; thorax dark mauve-grey ; abdomen crimson, anal tuft
yellow.

Forewing basal half obliquely dark mauve-grey, the distal side somewhat
irregular with a tooth under cell ; outer half lemon-yellow with large ovoid
subapical mauve-grey patch. Hindwings rose-pink. ? differs m the mauve-

4^8 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. Ull7.

grey areas of forewing being much darker and strongly suffused with crimson,
in the hindwings being suffused with yellow, and in the abdomen being darker
more crimson-scarlet.

Length of forewing : <J 13 mm, $ 11 mm. Expanse : S 29 mm., ? 25 mm.

Habitat. Caracas, Venezuela, 3 55, 7 ?? ; San Esteban, Venezuela, July 1909
(S. M. Klages), 5 55; Las Quignas, Venezuela (S. M. Klages), 255; St. Jean
de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 ?.

11. Paranerita diversa, sp. nov,

5. Antennae dark brown, outer one-thu-d white ; head golden yellow ;
thorax cinnamon-mauve-purple ; abdomen scarlet, anal tuft yellow.

Forewing basal half very obliquely cinnamon-mauvc-purijle edged with
scarlet ; outer half golden yellow, a large subapical ovoid patch mauve-purple.

Hindwing cream-white irregularly suffused with yellow. ? larger, differs

in having the subapical patch jomed to basal half of wing by a broad band of
same colour and rmged with scarlet, and in the hmdwing being semivitreous
and suffused with pale pink.

Length of forewing : 5, 14 mm, ? 17 mm. Expanse : 5 31 mm., ? 38 mm.

Habitat. San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1909 (S. M. Klages), 6 ,S<S, 2 ?? ;
Las Quignas, Venezuela (S. il. Klages), 1 ? ; Merida, Venezuela, November 1898
(Briceno), 1 5-

12. Parajierita plagosa, sp. nov.

?. Antennae dark brown, outer two-fifths white ; head yellow broadly edged
with scarlet ; tegulae scarlet with golden-yellow central spot, patagia basal
half scarlet with dull yellow marks, outer half niauvc-brown, rest of thorax
mauve-brov\n ; abdomen dark brick-red.

Forewing dark purplish brown-grey ; a trilobed subbasal golden-yellow
patch edged with scarlet, a wedge-shaped golden patch edged with scarlet
from middle of costa to median nervure, two irregular golden terminal patches

edged with scarlet, three dull-scarlet marks round about vein 1 . Hindwings

dark salmon with broad sooty marginal band.

Length of forewing : 14 mm. Expanse : 31 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 ?.

13. Paranerita translucida, sp. nov.

5. Antennae amber-brown ; head dull lemon-yellow ; thorax mouse-grey ;
abdomen dull brick-red, anal tuft buff.

Forewing vitreous ; basal two-fifths and large ovoid apical patch mouse-
grey, median three-fifths of costa duty buff. Hindwing buff suffused hregu-

larly with mouse-grey.

Length of forcwmg : 12 mm. Expanse : 26 mm.

Habitat. La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2,000 ft., December 1904
(G. Ockenden), 1 5-

14. Paranerita kennedyi, sp. nov.

5. Antennae black-brown, tip paler ; head golden j'cllow ; thorax mauve-
grey ; abdomen scarlet-crimson, anal tuft buff'.

Forewing outer half obliquely golden yellow ; basal half and large very

JforiTATES ZOOLOOlCAE XXIV. ISl?. 4?9

irregular subapical patch mauve-grey with here and there on the edges scarlet
streaks, the subapical patch joined to the basal part of wing by an irregular bar
of same colour as themselves. Hindwing pale pink.

Length of forewing : 14 mm. Expanse : 31 mm.

Habitat. Minas Geraes (Kennedy), 1 i.

15. Paranerita rubrosignata, sp. nov.

(J. Antennae brown ; head mixed golden yeUow and scarlet ; thorax dark
grey ; abdomen dark brick-crimson.

Forewmg basal three-fifths except costa obliquely sooty grey, outer two-fifths
yellow with various scarlet spots and rings.- Hindwings yellowish pink.

Length of forewing : 1 1 mm. Expanse : 24 mm.

Habitat. St, Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 1 o.

16. Hyponerita curta, sp. nov.

$. Nearest to ockeiideni Rothsch., but at once distinguished by its stumpy
truncated shape as if trimmed with a pair of scissors.

Antennae basal one-third scarlet, outer one-thu'd white, centre one-third
dark bro\^ n ; head golden yellow edged behind with scarlet ; thorax cinnamon-
purple ; abdomen brick-red, a snow-white patch on basal segment.

Forewing cinnamon-purple ; a large wedge-shaped blunted yellow patch
edged with scarlet runs in from costa beyond cell, and a smaller similar but
more pointed jjatch runs ui from centre of termen, a small apical similar spot,
and two similar dots between this and terminal wedge. Hindwings orange-
buff tinged with red.

Length of forewmg : 12 mm. Ex2)anse : 27 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 2 <Jo.

17. Neritos subgaudialis, sp. nov.

o. Nearest to gandialis Schaus, but much duller and without the subbasal
yellow band.

Antennae brown ; head and throx dirty grey-brown suffused with scarlet ;
abdomen scarlet with dot on basal segment and anal tuft dull yellow.

Forewing salmon-pink ii-rorated and clouded with sooty grey-brown, some
indistinct subbasal scarlet markings with a minute yellow dot, a yellow scarlet-
lined wedge runs m from costa, an irregular yellow patch with some dark dots
in it on termen, and a small yeUow apical spot. Hindwmgs salmon colour.

Length of forewmg : 17 mm. Expanse : 37 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, 4 (JcJ.

18. Antaxia similis, sp. nov.

(J. Similar to meridionalis Schaus, but duller and more apple-green, not
sulphur-yellow.

Antennae with longer pectinations and black not brown with pale tips ;
head and thorax distinctly apple-green, borders of patagia only somewhat
intermixed with maroon and crimson hairs not entii'ely maroon and crimson ;
abdomen dullei- brick-red intermixed with yellowish green.

Forewing with the dark markmgs mauve-purple not brown-jDurple, and the
subapical patch is joined to the discal patch above vein 2 by a broad oblique

480 X'OVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXIV. 191/.

band ; the scarlet markings and nervures are replaced by dull pink. Hind-
wings much paler pirdi.

Habitat. Oconequc, Carabaya, 7,000 ft.. July 1904 (G. Ockenden), 1 <J.

18a. Automolis reducta sordida, subsji. nov.

c52. Differ from r. redacla in the dark bands of the fore\\ings being didl
smoky brown not metallic lavender colour.

Habitat. Rio Janeh-o. 2 cJ(J, 1 $ (? Tyjie).

19. Automolis decisa. sp. nov.

$. Near coacta Dogn.

Differs in having shorter, narrower, and more pointed forewiugs and hind-
wings.

Thorax pure white with pale rose and ochre spots ; abdomen not so deep
crimson.

Forewing pure white ; median band wider, less constricted and slightly
angled at vein 0. nervures in band yellowish grey not white as in coacta, basal
black marks shorter, an ochre mark between the band and basal streaks. Hind-
wing white tinged with pink.

Length of forewing: coacta ? 24 mm., decisa 19 mm.

Breadth ,, ,, ,, $ 12 mm., ., 9 mm.

Expanse ,, ,, ,, ? 54 mm., ., 43 mm.

Habitat. St. Jean de JIaroni, French Guiana, 1 J.

2t». Automolis sublineata, sp. uov.

J. Closely allied to lineosa Walk., but much less vitreous.

Differs on p)atagia by want of the small black spot.

Forewing pale cadmium yellow not semivitreous, white in apical two-fifths,
mouse-grey in basal three-fifths ; costa and intranervular streaks broadly or
narrowly lavender grey, nervures and inner marginal streak black ; j'ellow

in basal part of wing darker cadmium. Hindwing less semivitreous, pale

cream-yellow tinged with pale salmon. The most striking difference apart from
colour is the entu-e absence of the marginal black wedge spots at the end of the
nervures, which are very conspicuous in lineosa.

Length of forewmg, lineosa 18 mm., sublineosa, 20 mm.

Expanse ,, ,, ,, 40 mm., ,, 45 mm.

Habitat. Jinguri, Carabaya, 3,100 ft.. August 1904, 1 J (Type) ; Santo
Domingo, Carabaya, 6,500 ft., December 1902, 3 cJo ; La Oroya, Rio Inambara,
Peru, 3,100 ft., September 1904 (G. Ockenden), 1 o'.

21. Automolis perlineosa, sp. nov.

'i. This has been identitied as lineosa by Mr. Scliaus.

Differs from sublineosa in having the basal three-fifths of forewing mouse-
grey as in lineosa, but the distal two-fifths are yellow not white, and there are
no terminal wedge spots ; the area each side of vein 1 deep cadmium yellow.
Hindwings salmon-pink.

Length of forewing : 21 mm. Expanse : 47 mm.

Habitat. Juan \'inas, Costa Rica (VV. Schaus), 1 2 ; Costa Rica (Underwood),
1 ?.

JvOVlTATES ZoOLOGtCAE XXIV. 10\1. 4:81

22. Automolis garleppi maronensis, sub.sp. no v.

cJ. Differs from g. garleppi in its smaller size, and the much-reduced size
of the leaden patches of the forewing.

Length of forewing : A. g. garleppi, 24 mm., A, g. maronensis, 21 mm.
Expanse of forewing : A.g. garleppi, 56 mm., A. g. maronensis, 48 mm.
Habitat. St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, '2 So-

23. Automolis sorer, sp. no v.

?. Allied to inexpectata Rothsch.

Differs in the abdomen being entkely orange-yellow and the fore- and
hindwings entirely mouse-grey, with in the forewings a median whitish band
narrowing to inner margin and in the hindwings to patches of simUar colour.

Habitat. Amazonas (Meyer coll.), 1 $.

24. Automolis moma tenuifascia, subsp. nov.

?. Differs from m. moma in the yellow bands of the forewings being much
narrower and paler and in the light basal area of hindwing being smaller.
Habitat. Sta. Catharina, Brazil, 1 '+.

25. Elysius subterra, sp. nov.

S- Intermediate between terra Druce, and felderi Rothsch., having the iirst
abdominal segment orange as in felderi, but the orange rings and lateral patches
on the last four segments are absent as in terra.

Habitat. Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru (E. Boettger), 1 3.

26. Elysius meridionalis, .sp. nov.

$. Resembles $ euperba, Druce but much paler ; the black bands on abdomen
are narrower and more broken into spots and the pale bars on forewing are
much narrower, and the first one after the base is only present from inner margin
to above fold between vein I and median ; the black patch at base of forewing
is replaced by three minute black dots as is the case in the majority of specimens
of E. hampsoni Dogn.

Habitat. Bahuru, Sao Paulo, September 14th, 1886, 1 ?.

27. Elysius underwoodi, sp. nov.
?. AUied to jranchi Schaus.

Antennae brown ; head and thora.x brownish brick-red ; abdomen brick-
red with large central black patch.

Forewing dull brick-red irroratcd closely with dull grey-brown. flindwing

dull pale pink, darkest distad.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse ; 55 mm.

Habitat. Carri Blanco, Costa Rica (Underwood), 1 ?.

28. Elysius francki castrensis, subsp. nov.

o?- Differ at a glance from /. jrancki in the entire absence of the pale strigi-
lation on the forewmg. The ? has much brighter more rose-carmine hindwings.
Habitat. Castro Parana, February 1898 (D. Jones), 1 o^, 2 ??.

462 NoVtTATES ZOOLOGItAE XXIV'. I'Jll.

29. Opharus catharinae, up. nov.

2. Allied to flavipuiictata Herr.-Sch., but much darker. The black-browu
markings of thorax are replaced by deep black ; the pale orange of thorax and
abdomen arc replaced by deep reddish orange. On the forcwing the dark
marks are deep black not sooty brown, and on the disc beyond postmedian banil
are two large black cloud patches, and the postdiscal dark marks all have
orange centres ; the lemon-yellow spots of flavipunclata are all replaced by dark
greenish-orange spots, while the ground-colour of the forewings is rich cinnamon-
brown not cinnamon-grey and the hmdwing is cinnamon-brown strongly clouded
with black not greyish white.

Length of forewing : 9 catharinae 34 mm. Expanse 77 mm.
,, ,, ? flavipunctaia 31 mm. ,, 71 mm.

Habitat. Sta. Catharina, 2 $?.

30. Halisidota luridioides, sp. nov.

cJ?. Nearest to lurida H. Edw., but much shorter and blunter in both wings
and much broader.

Differs bj' the ajjex of both wings being less produced and in the wings
being much wider ; the abdomen is blacker ; the brownish streaks and strigi-
lations are more distinct and longer so that the general colour appears much
darker.

Length of fore\\ iiig ; lurida S 25-30 mm., ? 29-33 mm.
,, ,, ,, luridioides 3 25-29 mm., ¥ 25-27 mm.

Breadth of forewing : lurida S 8-12 mm., ? 10-12 mm.

,. .. luridioides J 12-15 mm., ? 11-12 mm.

Expanse of forewing : lurida o 56-66 mm., ? 65-73 mm.

,, ,, ,, luridioides (J 56-64 mm., ? 56-60 mm.

Habitat. Monte Toliraa, Columbia, 3,200 metres = 10,400 ft., January 1910
(A. H. Fassl.), 4 (J (J; St. Javier, Rio Cachabi (Flemming and Miquetta), 1 9;
Sto. Domingo, C'arabaya, 6,000 ft., November 1902 (G. Ockenden), 1 ?.

31. Halisidota pseudofalacra, sp. nov.

o. Similar to jalacra Dogn., but smaller and with much narrower wings.

$. Antennae, head, and thorax dirty cream colour ; abdomen similar, but
greyer.

Forewings cream colour freckled irregularly with pale brov^n ; a black
stigma at lower angle of cell. Hindwings cream colour.

Length of forewing : $ 20 mm. Expanse : 44 mm.

Habitat. San Ramon, Nicaragua, 375 ft., June 1905 (Palmer), 1 cj.

32. Diacrisea oriens, sp. nov.

S. Antennae black ; head lemon-yellow, back of vertex orange ; thorax
lemon-yellow, hind edge of tegulae orange ; abdomen deep orange with black
bands except on last and first segments.

Forewing lemon-yellow. Hindwing paler lemon. J similar, but larger.

Lengtli of forewing : <J 22 mm., ? 28 mm. Expanse : <S 50 mm., ? 64 mm.

Habitat. Tsumel, South-West African Protectorate, 1 o, 1 ?.

NOVTTATRS ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 483

33. Diacrisia nigrocastanea, sp. nov.

?. Pectus and whole undersurface of body black ; antennae black ; head
and thorax olivaceous rufous ; abdomen olivaceous orange, five black spots on
median segments, a large black patch on last two segments.

Forewings olivaceous rufous-brown. — — Hindwings basal three-fifths oliva-
ceous cinnamon- orange, outer two-fifths black.

Length of forewing : 18 mm.. Expanse : 41 mm.

Habitat. Lilongwe, AngonUand, February 2, 1910 (Andrews), 1 ?.

34. Diacrisea eichhomi, sp. nov.

(J. Pectus and legs black, base of fore-coxae reddish ; antennae black, head
yellowish isabelline buff ; tegulae and patagiae cinnamon-buff, the former
with a scarlet dot near head the latter with a black patch at base, central mass
of thorax black ; abdomen bright crimson, a line of central black dots on all
but last two segments, anal tuft brownish yellow.

Forewmg greyish cinnamon-buff ; three small black dots at base, an ante-
median band of four large black spots, a broken broad median black band and
two postmedian bands of black spots, the inner largest, from vein 8 to vein 4,

a black dot at tornus. Hindwing basal seven-ninths crimson, outer two-ninths

tawny yellow ; a black f)atch at end of cell, and an interrupted black band
beyond the middle. One of the three has the black bands on forewing more
extended.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 59 mm.

Habitat. Goodenough Island, May 1913 (A. S. Meek), 3 (JcJ.

35. Seirarctia approximans, sp. nov.

<J. Allied clara Holl., but larger and paler.

Antennae black ; pectus jDale crimson ; head and thorax olive-cinnamon ;
a black spot on the patagia ; abdomen yellow ringed with orange, basal segment
pale crimson.

Forewing salmon-cmnamon not red-brown ; strigUated with black but less
densely than in clara, the strigilations longer and on parts of disc crowded together
so as to form an ante- and a postmedian band, basal one-third almost without

striae. Hindwing white suffused with pink ; abdommal area, margin, and

fringe salmon colour ; a discocellular black stigma. $ larger, differs from ^ in
having a sooty discocellular stigma on forewing, which is only occasionally present
in the S, and in the whole hindwing being yellowish salmon colour.

Length of forewing : clara <J 20 mm., 9 23 mm. ; approximayis ^ 23 mm.,
? 28 mm. Expanse of forewing : clara o 44 mm., ? 52 mm. ; approximans 3 52
mm., $ 64 mm.

Habitat. Manow Mpuapua, German East Africa, 9 33, 2 ??.

(Sir George Hampson considers this an aberration of clara, but I think it
is a distinct species.)

36. Seirarctia sordida sp. nov.

3. Antennae black ; pectus sooty grey ; head and thorax sooty brown
mixed slightly with yellowish-grey hairs ; abdomen greyish yellow with lateral
transverse black bands.

484 NO-PITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

Forewing yellowish grey irroratecl with black strigilae which in the disc
also form a median and postmedian band, and a postdiscal round patch above
vein 5 ; a discoceUuIar black stigma. — — Huidwing semivitreous white, veins
and costa yellowish, a black discocellular stigma. $ Head and thorax brownish
cinnamon ; abdomen banded yellow and black with pink basal segment.

Forewing brownish cinnamon marked as in 3. Hindwing rosy salmon

colour with one larger and three small black submarginal spots as well as the
stigma.

Length of forewing : S 20 mm., ? 27 mm. Expanse : (J 46 mm., ? 60 mm.

Hnbltnt. Harrar, Abyssinia (G. Kristensen), 3 So, 1 ?.

37. Turuptiana pellucida, sp. nov.

o. Antemiae black ; head and thorax brownish cinnamon-buff, frous black ;
abdomen deep orange, four middle segments above black.

Forewing vitreous ; base, costal area, inner margin, and above vein 1
brownish cinnamon ; three black sjjots in costal region, and two vertical black

lines in the inner area. -Hindwing vitreous, abdomuial and costal area brownish

cinnamon.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 54 mm.

Habitat. Monte Tolima, Columbia, 3,200 mm. = 10,400 ft., January 1910
(A. H. Fassl), 2 <Jc?.

38. Turuptiana steinbachi, sp. nov.

cJ?. Antennae black ; head olivaceous brown-grey ; tegulae olivaceous
brown-grey, rest of thorax black ; abdomen black, basal and anal segments dark
buff.

Forewing differs from ohscura Schaus in the postmedian black bands being
much more sharply curved and angled, in the ground-colour being much darker,

and in the antemedian black band bemg more oblique. Hindwmg in <J clear

buff with a sooty spot above tornus and two or three minute dark dots here
and there, in the ? it is olive-cinnamon with double median sooty band and a
postdiscal row of irregular spots.

Length of forewing : S 19 mm., $ 21 mm. Expanse : q 44 mm., $ 48 mm.

Habitat. Tucuman, 1,100 m. = 3,575 ft., January — February 1905 (J.
Steinbach), 1 J, 1 ?.

39. Turuptiana fuscescens, sp. nov.

<J. Similar to testacea Rothsch., but larger and darker.

Antennae black ; head buff suffused with fuscous grey-brown : tegulae basal
half buff, outer half fuscous grey-brown, rest of thorax sooty brown-grey ;
abdomen testaceous yellow, heavily clothed with dirty fuscous hairs.

■ Forewing fuscous brown-grey with postmedian darker shadow band, nervure

darker. Hindwing smiUar with abdominal one-third clothed with long

darker hair.

Length of forewing : 21 mm. Expanse : 48 mm.

Habitat. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3,100 ft., June 1904 (G. Ockenden),
4 <J<J.

NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 485

40. Rhodogastria rufitarsus, sp. nov.

<J. Similar to caudipennis Walk., but distinguLshed by the different shape
of hindwing and the broader forewing.

Antennae black, basal one-fifth crimson, not merely the basal joint ; fore-
tarsi entu'ely crimson, not merely the last joint ; head greyish white, not jjale
mouse-grey ; black spot on vertex much larger than one on frons, not equal
size ; thorax as in caiidipennis but paler ; abdomen brownish velvety putty
colour, not cream yellow ; whole of two last segments bright rosy carmine.

Forewing much whiter, light patch beyond discocellulars hardly different

from basal three-quarters of wing. ^Hindwing much larger than in caudi-

pennis, the tornus hardly produced at all, and the termen barely excised ; the
apex pointed, not rounded, tufts in anal fold less voluminous ; whole wing cream.
less white. $ darker grey than caudipennis and hindwing presents some
differences in shape.

Length of forewing : rufitarsus : (J 25 mm. Breadth of forewing, <? 15 mm.
,, ., ,, caudipennis 23 mm. ,, ,, ,, o 11 mm.

,, ,, ,, rufitarsus ? 29 mm. Expanse : <J 58 mm., $ 66 mm.

Habitat. Rook Island. August 1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 rj, 3 ?? ; New Britain
(C. Wahnes), 1 ?.

41. Rhodogastria curta, sp. nov.
(J. Differs from arthus-hertrand Guen. by the almost complete absence of
black spots on the thorax, by the more grey less brown colour of the forewings,
and by the extremely short rounded apex and termen of the forewings.
Length of fore^^ing : curtus 30 mm.

., ,. ,, o arthiis-hertrand 35 mm.
ExiDanse : curtus 70 mm., arthus-hertrand 80 mm.
Habitat. Rook Island. July 1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 3.

42. Rhodogastria simillima, sp. nov.

(J?. Very closely allied to crokeri papuana Rothsch., but distinguished by
the front of the whole fore-tarsus and the distal half of the fore-tibia being
crimson, not merely the first tibial joint ; in the hmdwing being almost entirely
cream-white, not smoky grey ; and in the antennae being crimson for three
millimetres beyond basal joint. It is also smaller.

Length of forewing : cJ simillima 27 mm., $ 31 mm.
,, ,, ,, S c. papuana 33 mm., $ 35 mm.

Expanse : S simillima 62 mm., ? 70 mm.
,, o c. papuana 76 mm., ? 80 mm.

Habitat. Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 S, 5 $?.

43. Rhodogastria erythropus, sp. nov.

(J. Differs from astreas Drury ui the entirely crimson forelegs faintly tinged
with brown on basal one-thud of tibia ; in the crimson base and tip of the
antennae, in the dark-grey head, thorax, and forewings, not brownish mouse-grey
as in astreas ; in the brilliant carmine-scarlet abdomen, not orange-salmon ; and in
the salmon-coloured suffusion of the abdominal one-third of hindwing. ?. Similar
but less suffused with salmon colour on hindwmg.

Length of forewing : ^ 33 mm., ? 34 mm. Expanse : S 75 mm., ? 77 ram.

Habitat. Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek), 5 (J(J, 3 ??.

486 XOVITATES ZOOLOGTCAE XXIV. HUT.

EUFTEKOTIDAE

44. Fandala pandaya niassana, subsp. nov.

?. Differs from p. pandaya in the ground-colour being more ciniiamon-grey
not pale mouse-grey, and in the transverse markings being much less sharply
defined and much more rufous.

Habitat. Pula Nias, 3 ?? (Tyj)e Kalim Bungo, January 1896 [T. Z. Kanne-
gieter]) ; 1 ?, Gunong Sitoli.

45. Tagora pallida sp. nov.

$. Nearest to kliasiana Moore, but larger.

Antennae black-brown ; frons greyish cream-colour, vertex and collar
smoky black ; thorax and abdomen j-eUowish-grey cream colour.

Forewing greyish cream-white suffused and freckled \\ith cinnamon-grey ;
a darker outwardly curved subbasal band and a sharply angled antemedian
band just touching vitreous patch, beyond vitreous patch are three rather in-
distinct bands of darker coalescent lunate marks ; the transverse band from
ajjex to inner margin is much more basad and nuich more defined, also straighter

and the submarginal cloud band much fainter. Hindwings similar, but only

with one antemedian band and a brown, not sooty ; and straight, not crenulate
postmedian band.

Length of forewing : pallida, 61 mm. Expanse: 134 mm.
,, ,, ,, $ khasiana, 54 mm. Expanse: 117 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam (Native coll.), 1 $.

46. Palerisa sinensis, sp, nov,

^, Allied to cervina but smaller. Differs from cervina in being much
paler, more silver-grey, and in the transverse bands of the forewing being closer
together and much fainter, ?, Much less rufous than cervina, and has the trans-
verse bands also much closer together.

Length of forewing : si?iensis, o 40 mm,, ? 59 mm. Expanse : 3 88 mm.,
$131 mm.

Length of forewing : cervina, <J 49 mm,, $ 67 mm. Expanse : o 110 mm,,
? 147 mm.

Habitat. Kwan Sien. China, 1 3. 2 ?$.

4C, Apona cashmeriensis major, subsp, nov.

o$. Differs from c, cashmeriensis in the much less rufous-cinnamon ground-
colour, in the markings being much more distinct, and in the larger size.

Length of forewmg : c. major $ 50 mm,, ? 53 mm. Expanse : S 109 mm,,
? 117 mm.

Length of forewing : c. cashmeriensis, S 40 mm,, $ 42 mm. Expanse :
(J 88 mm,, ? 92 mm.

Habitat. Sikkim (Otto Moller), 1 S Type ; ditto (J, G, Pilcher), 14, viii, and
20. xi. 1889, 2 ??.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXIV. ItllT. 487

47. Apona trater, sj). nov.

cJ$. Allied to A. shevaroyensit) Mooi'e. but smaller and greyer.

Distinguished from shevaroyensis at first sight by the produced apical lappet
of forcwing and in the very much stronger and heavier markings.

Length of forewing : o jrater, 56 mm., shevaroyensis, 70 mm. Exi)anse :
S /rater 123 mm., shevaroyensis 158 mm.

Length of forewing : 2 jraier 62 mm. E.\])anse: 138 mm.

Habitat. Khasia Hills, Assam (Native coll.). 2cJ<J, 3 ??.

4>s. Pseudojana pallidipemiis grandis, subsp. nov.

(J. Much larger than p. pallidipemiis, and the transverse lines between the
oblique median band and the row of submarginal spots of forewing moie numerous
and more pronounced.

Length of forewing: rj p. pallidipennis 50 mm. Expanse: 112 mm.
,. ,, ,, S P- grandis 58 mm. Expanse : 128 mm.

Habitat. Shan States, 1 J.

49. Pseudojana perspicuiiascia, sp. nov.

o. DiSers from incandescens above in the less olive tint of the wings, in
having the subbasal antemedian and median bands of the forewings as distinctly
defined as bands as the post median band not as in ijicandescens merely shadow
bands, and in having three distinct shadow bands on the hindwings. Below the
forewings arc much more grey less olive-brown and the hindwings much deeper
crimson ; on both wmgs the postmedian is deeply concave, not straight as in
incandescens. It is also smaller.

Length of forewing: ,j perspicuifascia 58 mm. Expanse: 129mm.
, o incandescens 65 mm. Expanse: 143 mm.

Habitat. Mt. Gede, W. Java. 4,000 metres = 13,000 ft., 1896 (H. Fruli-
storfer), 1 cj.

49«. Pseudojana perspicuifascia niassana, subsp. nov.

o. Differs from p. perspicuifascia in the olive wood-brown colour of the
postdiscal area of both wings above and in the orange-rufous colour below of the
whole surface.

Habitat. Kalim Bungo, Central Nias, January 1896 (T. Z. Kannegieter), 3 o o-

50. Jana pseudostrigina, sp. nov.

o$. Differs from strigina Westw. in its paler coloration, in having in the
light area on inner side of postmedian band a row of arrow-head marks on the
nervures joined into a band bj' intranervular lunules, instead of a double row of
dots on the nervures unconnected intianervurely by any marks ; and in the
black antemedian band of hindwuig being narrower.

Habitat. Lueho, Kassai River (P. Landbeck), 2oV, ,2 S'v.

51. Jana roseata, sp. nov.

o. Antennae brownish salmon coloui- ; head huffish pink ; tegulae basal
half black, outer half salmon-pink suffused with sooty brown, rest of thorax
salmon-pink suffus-ed with sooty bro^vu : abdomen dii-ty salmon-pink-

53

488 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. HUT.

Forewing salmon-pink strongly suffused with sootj' brown ; a tripartite
black stigma, an indistinct oblique subbasal and a more distinct oblique ante-
median black band ; a curved black median and a straight postmedian black

band. Hindwing similar, but with a somewhat indistinct antcmedian black

band and a very broad postmedian band excised uregularly on distal side.

?. Much redder and bands on forewing less distinct.

Length of forewing : cj 60 mm., $ 55 mm. Expanse : j 130 mm., ? 120 mm.

Habitat. Marienheim, Urundi, East Africa, 2 o o ; Portuguese East Africa, 1 $.

52. Jana aurivilliusi, sji. nov.

$ Antennae black ; head and thorax buflfish wood-brown strongly inter-
mixed with black ; abdomen less mixed with black.

Forewing huffish wood-brown much powdered with black ; a pale buff
stigma between which and base are two irregular incomplete black bands, median,

postmedian, and subterminal zigzag double black bands. Hindwing less

powdered with black than forewing ; a large intensely black subbasal patch,
antcmedian, two postmedian, and subterminal crenulate broad black bands.

Length of forewing : 81 mm. Expanse : 182 mm.

Habitat. Ogrugu, Niger, 1 ?.

53. Jana variegata, sp. nov.

(J$. Antennae amber-brown, in o with pale-yeUow shafts ; head shaggy
brown much mixed with grey ; thorax shaggy velvety black variegated sparsely
with a few white hau'S ; abdomen brownish cinnamon-buff.

Forewing olivaceous cinnamon-brown ; on basal five-sixths nervures broadly
black, as are numerous irregular crossbars, variegated with white edged by a
convex post-discal double band outwardly black, inwardly white ; outer one-
sixth with nervures much less broadly white and two subterminal black bands,

the inner wider and more intense black. Hindwing brownish cinnamon-buff ;

an intense velvety black large subbasal ovoid patch, two broad discal black
bands with interspace much clouded with black, two jjostdiscal subterminal
black bands of varying width and intensity.

Length of forewing : o 45 mm., $ 56 mm. Expanse: o 103 mm., ? 125 mm.

Habitat. Ocilonda, Bibe, Angola, October — November 1907 (E. Sanders),
2 $?, Type, 1 S- Bibe, Angola, 2 S3, 1 ? ; Bibe, Angola (Pemberton), 1 S ;Bula-
Bulu and Caijala, Angola, October 1904 (Dr. Ansorge), 2 cJtJ ; "Africa," 1 $■

54. Jana germana, sp. nov.

3. Similar to variegata but thorax sooty grey mixed with yellow haii-s.

Forewings dark grey copiously speckled with pale-yellow scales and crossed

by five more or less double zigzag blackish maroon bands. Hindwing buff,

somewhat speckled with black scales mostly on outer half, and with three com-
plete and one broken blackish maroon bands. Fringe of both wings buff.

Length of forewing : 45 mm. Expanse : 102 mm.

Habiiai: Nandi, 6,000 ft., April 1898 (F. J, Jackson), 1 <;,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 489

55. Haplojana insignifica, sp. nov.

?. Antennae shaft white, pectinations brown-grey ; head sooty brown-
grey ; thorax and abdomen yellowish olive-grey.

Forewing yellowish olive-grey ; a dark-grey stigma, a dark-grey somewhat
oblique postmedian band, followed by an area containing irregular though indis-
tinct dark-grey lines and patches and huffish spots ; a termino-subterminal
blotch-like band between apex and vein 2, very narrow at apex, widening rapidly
to veins 6 and 5, and then gradually becoming fainter and narrower down to
vein 2. -Hindwing yellowish olive-grey, a median dark-grey band.

Length of forewing : 48 mm. Exjianse : 105 mm.

Habitat. Yakusu, Upper Congo, April 1901 (Kenred Smith), 1 ?.

5(i. Haplojana roseobrunnea, sp. nov.

o. Antennae shaft buff, pectinations amber-brown : head and thorax
velvety blackish chocolate ; abdomen pmkish brown.

Forewing costal area and basal one-fifth sooty brown with t\vo convexly
curved black transverse lines, next one-fifth of wing pink washed with sooty
brown and with black stigma ; outer three-fifths sooty brown tinged with pink,
two postmedian dark-brown bands, the second double, the mwarcl portion being

pink ; nervures in outer one-third black. Hindwing basal four-fifths sooty

grey tinged with pink, two transverse somewhat faint bands ; outer one-fifth
pink washed somewhat with sooty grey. ? similar, but ground-colour entirely
sooty grey, no pink whatever, abdomen and fringes yellowish.

Length of forewing : $ 45 mm., $ 50 mm. Expanse : 5 100 mm., $ 1 10 mm.

Habitat. Uganda (Jackson), 1(J, 1$.

57. Haplojana soricis, sp. nov.

cJ$. Antennae shaft straw-yellow, pectinations amber-yellow ; head frons
velvety brown-grey, vertex golden buff ; thorax velvety seal-grey ; abdomen
yellowish brown-grey.

Forewing very thickly scaled velvety seal-grey more or less tinged with
pure grey, outer one-third suffused with dark brown-grey ; two oppositely
oblique antemedian dark bands, a median and a postmedian dark band with a

lighter one more or less coalescent. ^Hindwing basal three-fifths clear grey,

outer two-fifths seal-grey, an antemedian darker shadow line ; termen of both
wings dull yellow.

Length of forewing : <J 49 mm., $ 56 mm. Expanse : S 107 mm., $ 123 mm.

Habitat. Moyamba, Sierra Leone (D. Cator), 1 ? Type ; Cape Coast Castle, 1 o .

58. Haplojana abyssinica, sp. nov.
o. Similar to rhodoptera Gerst. but much smaller ; thorax and forewing
uniform mouse-grey, median band replaced by faint shadow line, hindwing
yellowish grey with shaggy huffish hair at base and on abdominal area. $ ground-
colour entirely mouse-grey.

. Length of forewing,: rhodoptera J. 50 mm., '4^ 53 mm.

-o) • . j> „ abyssinica d 39 mm,, ? 48 mm.

Expanse: rlwdoptera, cJ.llO.mm., ? 116 mm., abyssinica, S 87 mm., ?,10Q
mm.

Habitat. Harrar, Abyssinia (G. Kristens^n), 1 o, 3 ?^:.

490 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917-

59. Haplojana distincta, sp. nov.

(J Antennae amber-brown ; head golden buff ; thorax sooty grey-brown,
slightly marked with buffish ; abdomen pinkish buff.

Forewing basal two-thuds sooty grey-brown washed with cinnamon, a
tripartite black stigma, a median darker shadow line, a double slightly crenulate
postmedian band the inner part of which is buff and joined to which are a
number of nervular arrow-heads ; the outer one-thu'd is divided in half by a
crenulate shadow band, the inner half being yellowish grey, the outer cinnamon

rosy grey. Hindwing basal three-fifths cinnamon-pink, outer two-fiftlis

cinnamon-pink washed with grey and separated by a crenulate shadow line.
$ similar but larger, with abdomen cinnamon-pink.

Length of forewing : o 40 mm., ? 46 mm. Exf)anse : o 89 mm., v 103 mm.

Habitat. Ukarewe, Victoria Nyanza, June 1907, 1 o, 1 ?.

60. Hemijana ruberrima, sp. nov.

o. Palpi salmon-red ; antennae sooty black ; head sooty brown suffused
with pink ; thorax yellowish grey tinged with salmon ; abdomen salmon-yellow.

Forewing cinnamon-grey tinged with salmon ; three minute stigmatic
dots ; three jjostmedian crenulate dark-grey lines ; fringe and subterminal area

stained with salmon-red. Hindwing salmon-scarlet. A second o has the

stigmatic points and postmedian bands much more heavily marked.

Length of forewing : 27 mm. Expanse : 60 mm.

Habitat. Bibe, Angola (Pemberton), 2 o J.

61. Hemijana griseola, .sp. nov.

o. Antennae dark brown ; head and thorax cinnamon silver-grey ; abdomen
cinnamon grey-brown.

Forewing yellowish brown-grey, a subbasal chocolate patch on inner margin,
an antemedian transverse line to base of vein 2 ; a strongly angled and sinuate
postmedian brown line beyond which is a less strongly marked and less sinuate
luie on the outer edge of which between vein 6 and costa are three dark-brown

dots. Hindwing yellowish cinnamon, a lot of darker hair on abdominal area ;

a median shadow line and a dark-cinnamon postmedian line.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 54 mm.

Habitat. Mooi River, Natal, 1 S-

62, Hemijana variegata, sp. nov.

S. Antennae black ; head and thorax pale chocolate-brown ; abdomen
orange-brown.

Forewing cinnamon pinkish white, outer one-third umber-brown washed and
clouded with pinkish cinnamon and cinnamon-white ; on basal one-fourth arc
three large in'cgular umber-brown patches and several linos, a black stigmatic
dot beyond which is ti browia patch ; the outer one-third of wing is sharply cut

off from basal paler two-thirds. Hindwing salmon-piiik, outer oue-tbird with

ill-defined broad sooty gi-ey-black band and suffusion.

Length of forewing : 24 mm. Expanse : 55 mm.

Habitat. Ddagoa Bay (Mrs. Monttiro), 1 cJ'

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 491

63. Camarunia bipartita, sp. nov.

o. Antennae dark brown ; head and thorax olive-chocolate ; abdomen olive
wood-grey.

Forewing divided obliquely from apex to inner margin into two portions ;
costal portion olive-chocolate, a shadowy darker stigmatic jjatch, dividing line
dirty pink ; tornal portion yellowish grey washed with olive-brown and with
four transverse lines of varying length, the two middle ones crenulate. Hind-
wing yellow-grey with two dark-grey transverse bands ; a wedge-shaped area
running almost to base between abdominal area and costal three-fifths of wing
dirty orange.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 55 mm.

Habitat. Ogrugu, Niger, 1 <J.

64. Phasicnecus monteiroiiis, sp. nov.

?. Antennae black ; head golden yellow ; thorax orange-cinnamon ;
abdomen yellowish cinnamon.

Forewing rosy cinnamon-chestnut ; fringe, apex, and costa cinnamon-orange ;
an oblique somewhat sinuate band from below apex on vein 7 to inner margin

olive-brown suffused with silver-grey. Hindwings pinky yellowish cinnamon,

fringe orange.

Length of forewing : 21 mm. Expanse : 48 mm.

Habitat. Delagoa Bay (Mrs. Monteiro), 1 9-

65. Phasicnecus similis similis, sp. nov.

(J. Near rosea Druce.

Antennae black ; head and thorax golden yellow ; abdomen greyish yellow.

Fore- and hindwing pale yellow ; on forewing in outer two-fifths a large
purplish cinnamon band occupying most of the two-fifths of wing from innei'
margin to vein 7 ; on hindwing in same portion of wing a less distinct cinnamon
patch above veins 1 to 3. $ Much larger. Head and tegulae golden yellow ;
thorax pinkish cinnamon ; abdomen dirty orange-yellow. Forewing purplish
chestnut-cinnamon ; two darker transverse bands, beyond the outer of which
is a large areal patch of purplish maroon-chestnut sprinkled with silver-grey
scales. Hindwing slightly paler.

Length of forewing : o 22 mm., 2 27 mm. Expanse : cJ 50 mm., $ 61 mm.

Habitat. Lilongwi, Angoniland, January 1910 (Andrews), 1 <J, 2 $?.

66. Phasicnecus similis flavidior, supsb. nov.

o. Entirely cinnamon-yellow.

9. Ground-colour golden yellow not purplish chestnut-cinnamon as in s.
similis ; disc of forewing somewhat washed with purplish cinnamon, markings
as in s. similis.

Habitat. Kasangazi, nr. Bandawe, Lake Nyassa, 3,000 ft. (Dr. Penrice).
1<J, 19.

67. Phasicnecus giganteus, sp. nov.

?. Antennae brown ; head brownish orange ; thorax purplish cinnamon-
chocolate ; abdomen paler.

492 ^^o^^TATES Zoolooicae XXIV. 1917.

Forewing thinly scaled but very hairy, purpli.sh cinnamon-chocolate ; a
postmedian whitish-pink transverse band. Hind^^■ing paler.

Length of forewing : 38 mm. Expanse : 85 mm.

Habitat. Moyamba, Sierra Leone (D. Caton), 1 $. A second ? is in the
British Museum.

68. Phasicnecus peropalinus, sp. nov.

$. Antennae brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen pale buff-grey. Wings
yellowish vitreous strongly opalescent with numerous indistinct crenulate and
sinuate transverse darker markings, these latter being almost absent in basal
three-fifths of wings.

Length of forewing : 25 mm. Expanse : 54 mm.

Habitat. Bitje, Ja River, Camaroons, 2,000 ft., January — February 1907
(G. L. Bates), 1 ?.

69. Phasicnecus nivalis, sp. nov.

o. Antennae grey-brown ; frons sooty black, rest of head, thorax, and
abdomen snow-white. Wings snow-white, very hairy ; an antemedian band,
a basal band, a postmedian band, and a band of coalescent rings greenish grey.

Length of forewing : 27 mm. Expanse : 61 mm.

Habitat. Bingerville, Ivory Coast, June 1915 (G. Melou), 1 S Type; Moy-
amba, Sierra Leone (D. Cator), 2 (J (J.

70. Viana magnifica, sji. nov.

?. Antennae black ; head and thorax purplish brown.

Forewing thinly scaled purplish chocolate ; a whitish streak on discocellulars,
a darker postmedian line inside of which are varying clouded areas of whitish
scales. Hind\\ing orange-rufous, outer one-third purplish chocolate.

Length of forewing : .30 mm. Exjjanse : 67 mm.

Habitat. Lagos. West Africa.

71. Acrojana splendida. sp. nov.

$. Antennae brown, shaft rnauve-grey ; head and thorax purplish mauve-
grey ; abdomen paler.

Forewing apple-green ; an oblique postmedian band, costal region, a large
quadrate patch in and beyond cell, a series of markings in basal one-fifth of
wing, and patches and cloudings in apical and outer one-third of wing purplish

mauve-grey ; a round chocolate subbasal patch on costa. Hindwiiig costal

one-third bright carmine-rose, rest of wing apple-green with lines and cloud
patches of purplish maroon-grey.

Length of forewing : 61 mm. Expanse : 133 mm.

Habitat. Wassaw district, 45 miles inland from Sekondi, Gold Coast, 1 ?.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 493

THE SUBSPECIES OF CYANOPICA CYANUS.
By De. ERNST HARTERT.

UP to 1903 all the blue-tailed Magpies of eastern Asia were supposed to bo
one and the same race ; in Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 24, I .sejjarated the form
from southern and middle China as Cyanopica cyanus swinhoei, which is indeed
readUy distinguishable by the darker, more rufous grey-brown upperside. The
exact distribution of swinhoei is not yet quite certain ; I have examined skins
from Kiukiang. Hupeh, Woochang, Shanghai, Chinkiang, Zemingdah in China.
We have also a 3 collected at " Guniansi " in Amdo, and there are three specimens
in the British Museum, from Przewalski, which are labelled " Kansu." Unfor-
tunately Kansu is a rather vague locality, but the one from Amdo and the three
Kansu skins agree quite with my swinhoei, and not with my inter posita, which
we should have exjjected there.

In 1903 I queried the Japanese form (p. 23), and it has been named C. cyanus
/apowica by Parrot [Orn. Monatsber. 1905, p. 26, a.nd Zool. Jahrb. xxv. p. 22, 1907).
This Japanese form is smaller than C. c. cyanus and swinhoei, and the back is
darker and more greyish. Parrot laid stress on the white tips to the lateral
rectrices, but their presence or absence is an individual character ; it is true
that all young birds have them, but also many perfectly adult ones exhibit them,
while they are entirely absent or only narrow or indicated in others. It was
an accident that the majority of the Japanese skins examined by Parrot had
white tips, for only one of those in the British Museum has them.

Since then we have received, from the late Alan Owston in Yokohama, a
large series (45 specimens) from Tai-pai-shan, Tsin-ling Mts. These birds are
easily distinguished from C. c. cyanus and swinhoei, but very closely allied to
japonica ! In fact the only difference from the latter is the darker grey back !
With these Tsin-ling birds agree those from Corea in the British Museum (5 SS,
2 ??), collected by Anderson), and I must identify with this form also a female
from Sungpan in north-western Setchuan and one from Peking. The Tsin-
ling, Corea, and Peking race is also frequently larger ; while the wings of Japanese
skins measure 132-139, once only 142 (my own measurements only), those from
Tsinling and Corea have wings of 132-148 mm., but this difference in size may not
hold good, as so many more Tsin-ling and Corea birds were measured, and were
compared with only 14 Jaiianese ones.

I name the birds from Corea and Tsin-ling, to which would also belong
those from Peking, though I have only seen one,

Cyanopica cyanus interposita, subsp. nov.

Type: S ad., Tai-pai-shan, Tsin-ling Mts., 20. xi. 1905. collected by
Owston's Japanese collectors.

C. cyanus cyanus differs almost invariably from all the other forms by having
the blue-black cap more purplish.

494 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. lUlT.

FURTHER NOTES ON SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
By dr. ERNST HARTERT AND ARTHUR GOODSON.

{See antea, pp. 410-419.)

Note on Diglossopis caerulescens.

THIS species was first described in 1856, from Caracas, Venezuela, but in the
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xi. p. 12 the habitat is given as " Andes of Venezuela,
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru." This requires some alteration. First of all
the mountains near Caracas should not be called the " Andes," being — especially
faunistically — rather separated, as has been shown by Professor Sievers and
recent ornithological explorations. Then the forms from various parts of this
wide range are not all alike.

The Peruvian bird is D. caerulescens pallida Berl. and Stolzm, 1896.

The specimens from Colombia and the real Andes of Venezuela (Merida) are
darker and somc^^'hat more purplish, and the bill is slightly smaller. They are
evidently/), caerulescens saturata Todd. It is, however, not very enlightening to
find this form described from one spot. La Palmita, Santander, Colombia, one
male only being mentioned, and it being left to the imagination of the reader
whether only that single bird or a series had been examined. (Cf. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, xxx. p. 12S, 1917.) It would have been desu'able to make this
clear, and to sajf whether birds from Merida and Bogota, which are represented
in most large bird-collections, are the same or not. According to Hellmaj^r
specimens from Merida are again " darker and more uniform bluish "' than
Bogota ones ; our material is not sufficient to be certain about this, as we have
only four Bogota skins to compare with ten from Merida. However this may
be, it is quite certain that the topo-typical birds from Caracas are quite distinct,
being paler and less purplish on the upperside, paler underneath, chin less
blackish, and the bill longer. ^Ve have received fine skins from near Caracas
from Mr. S. M. Klages.

Mecocerculus leucophrys nigriceps Chapm.

Mecocerculus nigriceps Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mvs. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 154 (18!)9 — Described from a

single specimen, not sexed, from Los Palmales, State of Cumana, Venezuela).
Elainea gularis Madarasz, Ann. Miis. Nat. Hiingar. i. p. 462 (1903 — Andes o£ Merida, Escorial).

Messrs. Hellmayr and Seilern (Arch. /. Nafurg. Ixxviii. p. 72, 1912) say that
they cannot sejjarate Venezuelan specimens from M. leucophrys setophagoides
from Bogota, but we cannot agree with them. Not only is the upper surface
of Bogota specimens darker and browner, in Venezuelan ones paler and more
olivaceous, with but a slight greenish tinge, especially on the lower back and
rump, but the wings in the latter are also shorter. The wings of the Venezuelan
birds range from 60 mm. (Hellmayr's measurement of 58 is probably incorrect, as
he has not stretched the wing) to 65 and even 66, whUe in Bogota birds they
vary from 66 to 72 and even 73 — doubtless the smaller specimens being females,
the larger males, though the sexing on some of our skins does not agree, but
must be incorrect.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1017. 495

The Venezuelan birds being different from setopTiagoides, they must be called
M. leucophrys nigriceps, though we .should not have attempted to name such a
closely allied form from a single unsexed specimen, as such work can only be
suggestive and not definite. Nor is the name nigriceps a suitable one, as the
crown is by no means actually black, though a shade darker than the back.

Two specimens from Mt. Roraima, British Guiana, collected by Whitely,
agree in their small size with M . I. nigriceps, but are as dark on the upperside
as M . I. seiophagoides. The Guiana specimens in the British Museum agree with
those in Tring and it wUl probably become necessary to separate them.
The material in the Tring Museum is as follows :

M. I. leucophrys : Tucuman and S. Peru, 8 o?-
M. I. nigriceps : Merida, Caracas, Cumana, 12 ^$.
M. I. subsp. nov. 1 : Guiana, 2 <??.
M. I. setophagoides : Bogota, 9

We have no specimen of the typical leucophrys from Bolivia.

On the subspecies of Cymbilanius liueatus.
There are at least four forms of this species, as follows :
1. Cymbilanius lineatus lineatus (Leach).

Lanius lincatns Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 20. pi. C (1814 — Berbice, Guiana).

The males are darker than those of all the other races, the white cross-bars
narrower, those on the underside less wide than the black bars. The females
have the tail black-brown, almost black, with rather narrow pale rust-brown
bars ; J wing 76-80, ? 76-79 mm.

4 <J(J, 4 ?? British Guiana, Surinam and Cayenne.

2. Cymbilanius lineatus intermedins, subsp. nov.

cj. The white cross-bars on the upperside are slightly, those on the
underside much wider, being as broad as or broader than the black ones.
In the $ the rusty cross-bars are slightly wider on the upperside, the bars on
the outer webs of the quills and wing-coverts are wider and more rufeseent,
the tail has wider and more rufeseent cross-bars, and the ground-colour is more
brownish, not so blackish. Underside lighter, the barring more or less incomplete
in the middle. Wing S 75-78, ? 75-77 mm.

Rio Madeira, Brazil (terra typica), Santarem, Teffe on the Rio Solimoes,
Yquitos in Peru, Chucurras in the province of Huanuco, Peru.

Type : ? Humaytha, Rio Madeira, .31. vii. 1906. W. Hoffmanns coll.

We have before us 8 males and 7 females from Humaytha, Calama, Borba,
Allianca, Uricurutaba near Santarem (Lower Amazons), Teffe, all collected by
the late W. Hoffmanns, 1 S from Chucurras, and 1 ? from Yquitos in Peru,
collected by H. Whitely. We have also 5 SS and 4 $? from the Caura River,
collected by Andre and Klages, which we cannot separate from these birds.

3. Cymbilanius hneatus, subsp. nov. ?
Males from North-west Ecuador have the white bars on the underside even
wider than in C. I. intermedins, and in C. I. fasciatus from Central America, but
are certainly nearer to the former than to the latter. C. I. fasciatus is in both

496 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. IHI".

sexes darker on the underside than C. I. intermedins. Unfortunately «e have
only one female from Xorth Ecuador of ivhich we could not say for certain that
it differs from those of intermedius, though the barring on the abdomen appears
to be more sharply defined. We prefer to await more material before deciding
about this form.

Specimens from West Colombia, judging from Hellmayr's note, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, 1911, p. 1157, must be the same as our West Ecuadorian ones.

4. Cymbilanius liiieatus Jasciatus Ridgw.

This form, the male of which is very little, the female, however, much darker
than that of C. I. intermedins and more resembling that of C. I. lineaius, is
restricted to Central America from Nicaragua to Panama. Ridgway (-B. iV.
atid Middle Am. v. p. 20) is wrong in extending its range to Peru, and Hellmayr
(Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 1157) is mistaken in stating that birds from West
Ecuador arc true fasciatus.

We have of this form 3 <Jo, 2 $? from Costa Rica and Panama.

Note on Thamiiophilus naevius auct.

We learn from Ridgway (5. N. and Middle Amer. v. p. 49) that the correct
name of this species is Thamnophilus (Erionotus) punctatus. Gmelin's Lanius
naevius of -p. 308 cannot be used, because he had already a Lanius naevius on
p. 304, which is evidently a Tityra. Lanius punctatus Shaw, Gen. Zool. vri. pt. 2,
p. 327 (1809) is based on Levaillant's " Le Tachet " from Cayenne {Lev. Ois.
d'Afriqiie, ii. pi. 77, fig. 1). Therefore the Cayenne form is

Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus (Shaw).

Hellmayr (Abh. Bayer. Akad. 2 Kl. xxii. Bd. iii. Abt. pp. 658-660, 1906) states
that Th. punct. atrinncha is found in Bogota collections. Our Bogota females,
however, have the cro\\n of the head chestnut, if anything a little darker
than in $ Th. p. punctatus, and not rusty brown or " russet or mars brown "
as Ridgway calls it, lilce the females of Th. p. atrinticha. The underside is slightly
more brownish. On the other hand the males seem generally to agree better
with those of atrinncha, except that the entire crown is of a uniform black, almost
to the bill, the sides of the head are uniform grey as in Th. p. punctatus, without
or with very fine white hair-like lines on the ear-coverts, and the superciliary
region is uniform, not mottled as in atrinucha. The back of the Bogota form
is much like that of atrinncha, i.e. darker, with more black. The bills agree
with those of punctatus, while those of atrinucha are larger. We propose to name
this intermediate race

Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus, subsp. nov.

Type : (J ad., Native Bogota collections, in the Tring Museum. (Ex. Coll.
Nehrkorn, typical Bogota preparation).

Several females from Jimenez, W. Colombia, Palmer coll., in the British
Museum are typic&l atrinncha. Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 1158, also
affirms this. Two Bogota specimens in the British Museum fully agree with ours.

Th. albiventris, at least what we call albiventris from West Colombia and

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 497

Bogota collections, differs in both sexes by the much paler underside and middle
of abdomen more or less white.

We have examined the following material in the Tring Museum besides
that of the British Museum :

T. p. punclaius : 24 So, 19 ??•
T. p. inter positus : 4 cJ<J, 5 ??.
T. p. atrinucha : 16 ^(J, 9 ??.
T. albiventris : 8 (J<J, 11 $?.

On the subspecies of Thamnophilus doliatus.

Th. doliatus doliatus (L.) (terra typica substit. Surinam !) i^ the darkest of
all the South American forms of this species.

Distribution : Surinam, Cayenne, and parts of British Guiana.

Th. doliatus fraterculus Berlp. and Hart, (terra typica Altagracia on the
Orinoco !). Cf. Nov. Zool. 1902, p. 70.

Distribution : Orinoco region, Trinidad. Specimens from Merida and the
Tachira district seem to us to be absolutely indistinguishable from fraterculus.
Todd (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington xxvi. 1913, p. 172) described a male from
Tocuyo, collected by Carriker, as Th. dol. heteroleucxis ; he says that it is \\'hiter
than fraterculus. No mention is made of the size of wing or bill, nor is the female
described ! Two males from San Esteban near Puerto Cabello are indistinguish-
able from fraterculus. We are, therefore, afraid that heteroleucus will be a
synonym of the latter.

Th. doliatus tobagensis subsp. nov., Tobago Island.

Very near to fraterculus. In the male the whole underside is generally a
little more whitish, the throat distinctly more white, the black spots mostly smaller
and broken up, not in lines as in fraterculus. Sides of head distinctly more
white. $ paler underneath, especially on the throat, which is quite unspotted.
3 wing 73-82, $ 73-78 mm.

Type : o ad., Plymouth, Tobago Island, 23. iv. 1903. Collected by Pasea,
one of Andre's collectors.

Th. doliatus catus Bangs (terra typica Margherita Island).

We have only one S from Margherita Island, collected by Lt. W. Robinson,
and 9 males and 14 females from Cumana, which agree perfectly with the Marghe-
rita form. The bills of these birds are distinctly smaller than those of fraterculus
and tohagensis. The underside of the males is lOie that of tohagensis, but the
throat marked as in fraterculus. The females are very similar to those of
tohagensis, but the throat is more or less spotted as in a Margherita female in
the British Museum. Wings <? 70-75, 5 70-72 mm. The measurements given
by Bangs for catus must be too small, for even if the wing is not stretched on the
ruler, our Margherita male has a wing of fully 70 mm., and in no form of doliatus
is the female larger than the male. The one Margherita female we have seen
has a wing of 70 mm.

Th. doliatus suhradiatus Berlp. (terra typica Yquitos, Upper Amazonia).
The males differ from the former subspecies by having the crown mixed with less
white, and sometimes without any white, and the females are deeper rufous.
(Th. variegaticeps Berl. and Stolzm., Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1896, p. 379, from
Central Peru, La Merced, is evidently indistinguishable from suhradiatus.)

498 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917.

The following material is in the Tring Museum, in addition to which, that of
the British Museum has been examined :

T. (J. doliatus : 11 o'cJ, 9 ?? ad.
T. d. fratercidus : 35 <J<J, 26 ?? ad.
T. d. tohagensis : 8 o"o, 7 ?? ad.
T. d. cat us : 12 ^Jo^ 14 ?? ad.
T. d. submdiatus : 7 <?<?, 6 ?? ad.
T. d. difpcilis : 8 oo^ 6 92 ad.

r. nigrescens occurs together with T. d. doliatus, and judging from the
description {Field 3Iiis. of Nat. Hist. vol. i. No. 7, p. 290, and No. 10, p. 337)
a race of it has been described from Zulia. Venezuela.

Thaninophilus bernardi baroni, subsp. nov.

A series of seven skins in the Tring and British Museums collected by 0. T.
Baron in North-west Peru (TrujiUo and Yonan River) differ from typical T. b.
bernardi from GuyaquU, Puna I., and Tumbez (Brit. Mus.) in both sexes being
much darker above, especially the females, which are rich dark chestnut mstead
of brown or brownish chestnut ; ear-coverts and sides of the head in the female
more blackish ; bill generally longer. Wings also longer. W'ings in the males
86-88, in the females 80 mm., as against typical males with wings measuring
Guayaquil 80, Puna I. 81, females Guayaquil 75, Puna I. 76. Birds from Puna
Island are slightly more greyish above and therefore slightly paler than birds
from Guayaquil.

Type: o ad., Yonan River, 3,000 ft., north-east of Trujillo, 15. vi. 1894.
0. T. Baron coU.

Note on Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus.

There is a curious variation in the males of this subspecies, and there are
probably several forms of it. It was described, under the name of Myrmeciza
swainsotti griseipectus from the Orinoco, the type being from Caicara. The four
Caicara specimens have all a very light rufous upperside and small black spots
on the wings. Seven Guiana specimens have the same light rufous colour of the
upperside and no black spots on the wings or only indications of the latter. The
specimen from Munduapo (one) and four from the Caura River are darker chest-
nut and have all large, strongly marked black spots on the wings. The two
o birds from Obidos, on the Amazons River, are quite as dark as those from the
Caura and Munduapo, and equally heavily spotted. The females of all the sub-
species of longipes have spotted wings.

Therefore there seem to be three different subspecies instead of one, because
in M. longipes longipes (8) and pananiensis the males (6) have always unspotted
wings and the variation in the shade of rufous on the upperside is small.

Further material should be examined, to clear these questions.

Synallaxis luiirufa meridana, subsp. nov.

Differs from 8. unirufa unirufa by its darker, more rufous colour throughout,
and especiall}' the dark-chestnut tail, which is much darker than the rest of
the upperside, while in S. unirufa unirufu the tail is almost uniform with the
head and back. Wings 59-62, tail 90 mm.

NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXIV. 1917. 499

Habitat : Andes of Merida (Escorial, 3,000 ni. ; Walle, 2,l(i5 m.).

Type : J ad. Escorial, 15. v. 1903, Salomon Briceiio Gabaldon & Sons coll.

We have a male, apparently not quite adult, collected by 0. T. Baron at
Guayabamba, 5,500 ft., on September 23, 1894. This bird closely resembles
topo-tyfjical Bogota birds, but is stUl a little lighter on the upperside, and the
bill is shorter than in Colombian and Merida specimens.

Sclateria naevia trinitatis, subsp. nov.

o ad. Upper- and underside much jDaler than in 8. n. naevia, more slaty grey
than dark slate-colour ; there is generally more white on the underside, especially
on the throat. $ ad. Also much paler on the upper- and underside, the white
centres to the feathers of the breast and abdomen mostly larger. Size the same
as that of S. n. naevia.

Hab. : Trinidad.

Type: S Caparo, Trinidad, 10. iv. 1902. E. Andre coll.

We have received 4 cjr? and 2 $5 from Caparo, Andre coll., and a o and a $
from Savana Grande, Trinidad, 18. ii. 1897, Dr. Percy Rendall coll.

Of S. naevia naevia wc have before us three males and two females from
Cayenne, three males and one female from Surinam, and a female, collected by
F. Schwanda at Miritiba, State of Maranhao, Brazil, 18. ii. 1908. This seems
to be quite a new locality for this species, though Dr. Snethlage records it from
Para, Ilha das Onfas, St. Antonio do Prata, and Rio Acara.

The subspecies of Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii.

Hellmayr and SeOern, Archiv /. Naturg. Ixxviii. p. 99 (1912) gave a short
review of the subspecies of P. boissonneautii, but the case is not so simple, and
much more complicated, than they thought.

We have nothing to say about P. boissonneauiii slriaticeps from the coast-
mountains in Northern Venezuela, which is quite distinguishable, but we cannot
unite the birds from Merida, of which we have 12 adult and 2 juvenile specimens,
with the typical boissonneautii from Colombia. They differ fi'om the latter not
only in the throat being distinctly yellowish as in striaticeps, but there are also
other differences. The chest has a less scaly appearance, as the feathers have
no blackish edges and are more yellowish ; the abdomen is generally, but not
always distinctly lighter, but the tail is always lighter from above and below.
Ill our opinion the Merida form is therefore undoubtedly nearer related to
striaticeps than to P. b. boissonneautii. In fact it differs from striaticeps only
in the more blackish crown of the head, the less scaly chest, and the lighter
rump and tail, and under wing-coverts and lining of the wing. The length of
the bill is variable, differing accordmg to sex and age, and also individually.
'We call this form

Pseudocolaptes boisonneautii meridae, subsp. nov.

Type : " J " (but evidently $, having the bill very Long), Vale of Merida,
IG. ii. 1888, Salomon BrLcono Gabaldon coll. (Tring Museum).

OiJy one form has been recognised in Peru, but this cannot be quite correct.
P. boissonneautii flavescens was described from Marajmioc (cotype in Tring) in
Central Peril, whidh is the ttorra typHca. thotigb a skin from CuferVo in NorthLTii

500 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1U17.

Peru was united with it, while it is specially said that the Bolivian bird differed
in having yellowish ear-tufts, tliose from Peru having white ones. The bill wa.s
specially described as short, compared with the typical Bogota form. Now 0. T.
Baron collected a series of eight specimens at an elevation of 10,000 ft. near Leima-
bamba, and these differ strikingly from flavescens (which is supposed to be a
synonym of aiiritus Tsch.) in having a very long and straight bill, and a lighter
rump and tail, \\\\\\e the ear-tufts are really pure ^\■hite, which cannot be said,
in our opinion, of the type of flavescens from JNIaraynioc. The description of
auritiis by Tschudi seems to us to agree lietter w ith the birds from Leimabamba,
especially the length of the bill.

All our Ecuadorian skins, collected by Goodfellow and Hamilton, differ
from the Peruvian ones in having pure white throats, and not the light tail of
the birds from Leimabamba, while they differ from the Bogota ones in their
much darker chestnut tails.

To decide about these forms it will be necessary to examine Tschudi's type
and more material from Central Peru and Bolivia. Ta\o specimens from Bolivia
in the British Museum agree with our cotype of flavescens.

Note on Philydor erythrocercus.

Arranging our specimens of Philydor erythrocercus we find that there are
three distinct groups, evidently representing three different subspecies.

The skins from Caycmie (Cherrie coll.) are slightly more olivaceous on the
upperside, the rufous patch on the lesser upper wing-coverts hardly traceable,
the outer edges of the outer webs of the primaries olive without any rufous tinge
whatever. Bill slender, length from nostril to tip in males 12'5-13, females 12 mm.
These birds agree perfectly with one of Pelzeln's original specimens collected by
Natterer on the upjier Rio Negro. Therefore these birds must be called

Philydor erythrocercus erythrocercus.

Specimens from Paia, collected by Wallace, Steerc, Robert, and Hoffmanns,
differ at a glance by having the outer webs to the primaries lighter and with a
conspicuous rufous tinge, the whole upperside less olivaceous, the rufous patch
on the lesser upper wing-coverts more conspicuous, except in juvenile birds.
The bill is of the same shape as in the Cayenne birds.

One male and four females from Calama on the Rio ]\ladeii'a, collected by
W. Hoffmanns in 1907 agree in coloration with the Para, birds, but the bills
are thicker and less elongated, not so slender, measuring from the nostril 10 to
11 (5 mm.

George K. Cherrie, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxxv. p. ISO, 1916, described
a new subspecies which he called

Philydor erythrocercus lyra

from the '• Rio Roosevelt," Matto Grosso, from a single female. Measui-ement
of bill not given. This new form seems to agree with our birds from Para and
Rio Madeira in coloration, and must be either of thom, if they are different sub-
species, which seems to us evident, but should be confirmed by bigger series.

It may be added that in this species the males are larger than the females,
thb wing of the latter being about half a centimetre shortter.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXIV. 1917. 501

Coryphistera alaudina campicola Todd.

In Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington xxviii. jx 170 (1915) W. E. Clyde Todd de-
scribed a specimen collected by Steinbach at Guanacos, Bolivia, under the above
name. We have a skin collected by the same field-collector at Yuay, provincia
Cordillera, South Bolivia, at an altitude of 450 m., which would seem to belong
to this new form ; the description of the upperside agrees, but we should rather
say that the underside was brighter and more boldly striped ; moreover, there
is a striking difference in the coloration of the tail, tlie outer four pairs of rectrices
having much more black than our five specimens from Tucuman, Argentina.

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N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of XooloQ^

KDITED BY

LOED ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXIV.

^,

No. 4.

Pages 503—528.

Plates XI. and XII.

Issued March 1918, at the Zoouigical Museum. Tiu.nm

PRINTEli EY HAZULU WATSON" .<^ VINKV. Ld„ J.ONLiON AM) AVI.IOMinjV

1918.

Vol. XXIV.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

EDITED BT

LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. IV.

PAGES

INDEX TO VOLUME XXIV 503—528

(TITLE-PAGE AND CONTENTS TO VOLUME XXIV.)

INDEX.

abdelkader (Cercyonis), 108, 109.

— (Satyrus), 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 322.
abilis (Zeteticontus), 147.

abnegata (Dysphania), 294.
abyssinica (Haplojana), 489.

— (Zosterops), 454.
abyssinicus (Coracias), 455.
Acara, 22, 49, 52, 57.
acasta (Melittobia), 227.
Accentor, 455, 460.
Accipiter, 273, 275, 455.
Ackerontia, 325, 332.
Achnocampa, 361.
Achroea, 27.

Achroia, 17, 20, 44.

Achrysocharis, 211.

Acracona, 20, 30.

acraeina (Melitaea), 102.

Aero basis, 51.

acrocausta (Harpagoneura), 32.

— (Tirathaba), 32.
Acrooephalus, 455, 458.
Acrojana, 492.

actaea (Minois), 108, 109.

— (Papilio), 108.

— (Satyrus), 108, 109.
acte (Berta), 302.
acutidivisa (Apella), 262.
Acypera.s, 22, 52.
acyperella (Metaclirysia), 30.
adaena (Ocnogyna), 394, 395.
adansonii (Francolinus), 290.
adaptella (Lamoria), 50, 51.

— (Pempelia), 51.
adippe (Argynnis), 97.
admirabilis (Idalus), 476.
adusta (Naprepa), 231.
adustalis (Epimorius), 46.
acgeria (Pararge), 113.
aegidia (Aphomia), 40.

— (Melissoblaptes), 40.
aegretta (Problep.sis), 431, 432.
aegyptiaca (Euchloe), 81.

— (Pachygastria), 362.
aegyptiacus (Porphyrio), 265.

34

aegyptius (Milvus), 455.
aemula (Allomphale), 210.
aequatorialis (Rhynchocyolus), 415.
Aerops, 455, 462.
aeruginosa (Habrolepis), 156.
aeruginosus (Tetrastichus), 212, 223.
aestivalis (Smerinthus), 326, 327.
aetheomorpha (Scopula), 312.
aetlierie (Melitaea), 98, 99, ,321.
afer (Eupelmus), 160.
affinis (Antiora), 232.

— (Cotana), 472.

— (Dyspessa), 408.

— (Heterogynis), 346.

— (Idalus), 476.

— (Micromelus), 177.

— (Spatalia), 231.

— (Stauropus), 245.
africana (Coturnix), 420^.

— (Hylopbila), 405.

— (Semidalis), 151.
agasta (Hypolophota), 43.
Agdistis, 44.

Agdistopis, 17, 20, 43, 44.
agnatus (Tetrastichus), 212, 215, 217.
agramma (Melissoblaptes), 42.
alaschanicus (Phasianus), 448, 452.
alaudina (Coryphistera), 501.

alba (Motacilla), 454.
Albarracina, 359.
albaserrati (Cotana), 471.

— (Hypercydas), 471.
albeola (Ilema), 401.
albescens (Lambessa), 366.

— (Ocnogyna), 394.

— (Trichosoma), 394.
albicollis (Aerops), 455, 462.
albidiee (Leucochloe), 75, 76.

— (Pieris), 75, 319.
albidior (Idalus), 475.

— (Melanothrix), 463.
albifascialis (Picrogama), 47.
albifimbria (Comostola), 304.
albifu.sa (Aphomia), 39.
albiscapus (Eucomys), 142, 143, 144.

503

504

albiacapus (Francoliiius), 291).
albiscripta (Cascera), 246, 247.
albistriata (Phycitodes), 27.

— (Statia), 26.
albivencsa (Satyrus), 62.
albiventris (Tharano|)liilu.s), 406, 497.
albiveite.x (Anaccsymbia), 423.
albivittella (Anerastidia), 27, 28.
albobrunnea (Chadisra), 251.
albolineatus (Picolaptes), 417.
albomaculata (Cotana). 473.

— (Nerviconipressa), 473.
alboseriata (Racheospila), 376, 377.
albostigmata (Cargetta), 256.
albotestacea (Zatrephes), 476.
albo-torquatus (Phasianus), 452.
albovenosana (Earias), 405.
alboviridls (Stauropu.s), 244.
alcippus (Danais), 93.

alcyone (Satyrus), 102, 103.
Alectoris, 275-81,292.
algerienf?i3 (Bombyx), 361.

— (Diplura), 361, 362.

— (Dyspessa), 407.

— (Eudagria), 407.

— (Hepialiscus), 405.

algira (Zygaena), 62, 63, 338-10.
algirica (Anthocharis), 84.

— (Eiichloe), 80-2, 83, 84, 88, 319.

— (Euinenis), 104.

— (Melitaea), 98, 99, 321.

— (Notolophus), 351, 352, 353.

— (Ocneria), 358.

— (Procris), 345.

— (Satyrus), 104, 322.
algiricum (Notolophus). 352.

— (Trichosoraa), 3.52.
alhambra (Euchloe), 82.
allardi (Cigaritis), 64.

— (Zygaena), 341.
alleni (Porphyrio), 267.
allionii (Satyrus), 104.
AUomphale, 210.
allotmeta (Tricentra), 387.
Allotriozoon, 123, 124.
allottei (Troidcs), 426.
alperakyi (Phasiamis), 448, 452.
alpicola (Malacosoma), 360, 361.
alternans (Melanothri.x), 463, 465, 466.
altirostris (Galerida), 439-41.
alvearia (Galleria), 44.

alypeta (Heteroraicta), 43.
Amaxia, 477.

amenocles (Chalcis), 122, 129.
Ammoperdix. 281,282.
Amorpha, 325, 326. 332, 373, 409.
amurensis (Laothe), 263.
Amusidea, 195.

amydrastis (Heteromicta), 21, 42

— (Hypolophota), 42.
Amydrus, 456.
Anacosymbia, 432.
Anacryptus, 129, 130.
Anas, 275.
Anastato, 164.

anceps (Notolophus), 3.54.

— (Orgyia), 354.
androgyne (Anthocliaris), 78.

— (Euchloe), 77, 78.
anella (Lamoria), 51.

— (Tinea), 39, 51.
Anerastidia, 20, 27, 28.
angelica (Arctia), 398.

— (Chelonia), 398.
angolensis (Anthus), 458.
angulata (Papilio), 68, 69.
angustata (Pyrrhorachis), 305.
angustisignata (C'elerena), 293.
Anisephyra, 306.
anisoetena (Chloropteryx), 377.
Anisodes, 384.

Anita, 256.

anniilifer(Berta), 302.

annulifera (lodis), 302.

Antaea, 263.

Antaxia, 479.

antennali.s (Hemiptarsenus), 208.

antlie (Philareta), 109.

Autliocharis, 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88.

Anthreptes, 323.

Anthrocephalus, 133, 134.

Anthus, 454, 457.

anticosma (Picrogama), 47.

antigone (Hemistola), 300.

Antiora, 232.

Antiptilotis, 20, 35.

antiqua (Notolophus), 350.

Antitrygodes, 307, 308.

Anumela, 63.

Anydrophila. 64.

Apaidia, 403.

Apantesis, 397, 438.

Apella, 262.

Aphomia, 17, 21, 37. 38-47, 55.

Aphyco. 149.

aphyeoides (Symphycus), 149, 150.

apiaster (Merops), 455.

apicalis (Drepanojana), 466.

apicirubra (Ptochophyle), 433.

apiculatus (Stauropus), 245.

apollo (Parnassius), 319.

Apona. 486, 487.

Aporia, 73, 319.

appoUinaria (Problepsis), 312.

approximans (Seirarctia), 483.

Aprostoceto, 214.

505

arabica (CLsticola), 454, 458. •

— (Emberiza), 454, 457.

— (Fringillaria), 454, 457.
arabicus (Anthus), 454, 457, 4.58.
arabistaniciis (Francolinus), 289.
arabs (Otis), 292.

— (Zosterops), 454.

arabum (Arctia), 397, 398, 409.

— (Chelonia), 397.
araratica (Melitaea), 100.
arcanioides (Coenonympha), 117, 322.

— (Satyrua), 117.
Archigalleria, 21, 55, 58.
Arctia, 327. 397. 398, 409.
Arctornis, 355, 356.
ai'descens (Mauna), 435.
arenaria (Calidris), 7.
arenarius (Caccabis), 277.

— (Pterocles), 284, 286.

— (Tetrao), 284.
Arenipses, 19, 36.
Arge, 109.

arge (Melanargia), 110, 111.
argentisquama (Problepsiodes), 311.

— (Problepsi-s), 311.
arguta (Boarmia), 315.
argutaria (lodis), 301.
Argya, 455.
Argynnis, 96-8, 321.
Argyris, 311,430.
Arhacia, 238.
Arichalca, 342.

aridula (CLsticola), 454, 458.

aries (Cossus), 405.

arizonensis (Tropidogastra), 179.

armoricana (Perdix), 284.

aroa (Cotana), 469.

— (Nervicompressa), 469.

Aitaxa, 356, 409.

arthus-bertrand (Rhodogastria), 485.

aryrostrota (Balaenifrons), 58.

asemus (Rhynohocyclus), 415.

asiae (Francolinus). 289, 290.

Asio, 267. 292.

assimilis (Rhynchocyclus), 414.

asthenia (Cercomela), 461.

asthenistis (Corcyra), 36.

astreas (Rhodogastria), 485.

Astur, 455.

asymphora (Semaeopus), 384.

atalanta (Papilio). 93,

— (Pyrameis), 93, 321.
Athahptis, 21, 45.
atlantica (Liparis), 357, 358.

— (Pieris), 75.

— (Psilura), 357.

— (Saturnia), 371. 372.
atlanticus (Smerinthus), 326, 373.

atlantis (Satyrus), 108.
atlantpyri (Saturnia), 372.
atomosa (Celama). 403.

— (Glaphyra), 403.
atratus (Crossogaster), 125.
atricapilla (Parisoma), 454.
atrinucha (Tliamnophilus), 496, 497.
atrocyanea (Mesopeltis), 197, 198.
atropos (Acherontia), 325, 332.

— (Sphinx), 325.
atropurpurea (Melanothrix), 463.
atroviolacea (Cerocephala), 188.
attenuata (Problepsis), 311.
Atychia, 343.

Atyria, 391.

auceps (Notolophus), 355.

aucta (Thalassodes), 296.

aurantiaca (Amorpha), 326.

aurantiacella (Acyperas), 52.

aurata (Zygaena), 333, 334, 336.

aureifloris (DLscoglypha), 306, 307.

auresiana (Argynnis), 97.

aurieulifera (Problepsis), 311.

auriflua (Arctornis), 355, 356.

aurita (Saxicola), 10, 16.

auritus (Pseudocolaptes), 500.

aurivilliusi (Jana), 488.

aurora (Crambomorpha), 32.

ausonia (Euchloe), 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,

319, ,353.
auspicata (Gelasma), 295.
austauti (Amorpha), 325, 332, 373.

— (Coenonympha), 118, 322.

— (Smerinthus), 325, 326.
austrahs (Zygaena), 338.
austrina (Galleria), 53.
Automohs, 480, 481.
Aximopsis, 140, 141.
ayesha (Francolinus), 291.
bachaga (Zygaena), 338, 339.
bakeri (Cerocephala), 188.

— (Cotana), 473.

— (Nervicompressa), 473.

— (Por«ana), 271, 272, 273, 274.

— (Procris), 344.
Balaenifrons, 23, 57, 58.
baldami (Coturnix), 421.
Bapara, 37, 41.
Baradesa, 258.

barbara (Alectoris), 275, 276, 277.

— (Perdix), 276.
barbatus (Gypaetus), 455.

— (Pycnonotus). 267, 292.
Bardaxima, 234.

baroni (Tliamnnphilus), 498.
l)ar.yptera (Jlelissoblaptes). 42.
basifera (Eragisa), 234.
basiplaga (Rifargia). 255.

506

basisignata (Trygodes), 385.

belemia (Euchloe), 85, 86, 87 88 319.

Belenois, 75.

belia (Euchloe), 77. 78, 80. 82, 83, 31U.

— (Papilio), 77.
bellicttsa (Hirundinea), 411.
bellieri (Procris). 345.

berezowskyi (Phasianus), 445, 446, 451.
bergii (Phaaianus). 449, 451.
berlepschi (Dendrexetastes), 416.

— (Dendrocolaptes), 416.

— (Rhynchocyclus), 415.
Ijernardi (Tliamiiophilus), 498.
Berta, 302, 303.

be.skei (Crinodes), 235.

I)iagi (Paracydas), 467.

bianchii (Phasianus), 444, 445, 450.

bicalcaratus (Francolinus), 267, 290, 291.

bicalcordus (Francolinus), 291.

bicolor (Euplectrus), 122, 204.

— (Pteiomalus), 204.

— (Utetheisa), 400.

bifida (Cerura), 346, 347. 348.
bilineella (Microchlora), 25.

— (Prasinoxena), 24.
biuaria (Drepana), 393.
bipartita (Camarunia), 491.
biplaga (Rifargia). 254.
bipuncta (Bombyx), 401.

— (Cargetta), 257.

— (Embryoglossa), 55.

— (Ilema), 401.
bipunctana (.\phumia), 39.

— (Melia), 51.

bipunctanus (Melissoblapte.s), 39, 51.
bipunctella (Hypostropha), 28.
bipunctus (Stauropus), 246.
bisecta (Cotana), 468.

— (Scalmicauda), 260.
bisinuata (Rhodostrophia), .306.
biskrensis (Teracolus), 88.
bispinosae (Hockeriae), 132.
Blacicus, 410, 411.
blanfordi (Parisoma), 454, 459.

— (Sylvia), 454. 459.
Blastophaga, 124.
Blastothrix, 150, 151.
Boarmia, 314, 315, 316.
boarula (Jlotacilla), 454.
boetica (Melitaea), 98.

— (Ocnogyna), 394.

— (Trichosoma), 394.
bogdanovi (Francolinus), 289.
bogdanowi (Phasianus), 449.
bogotensis (Elacnia), 411.

— (Tyrannula), 410.
bohndorffi (Anthus), 458.
boissonneautii (Beudocolaptes), 499.

Bombus, 17.

Bombyx, 19, 44, 359-67. 370, 371, 398-102.

bomilcar (Lasiocampa), 363.

— (Pachygastria), 362.
bonhami (Ammoperdix), 281.

— (Caccabis), 281.

— (Perdix), 281.
boschas (Anas), 275.
Bothriothorax, 149, 151.
bottae (Oenanthe), 461.
Botys, 34.

brach}'ptera (Gallinula), 268, 269.

— (Stagnicola), 268.
brachytarsus (Blacicus). 410, 411.
bractea (Lepasta), 235.
Ijrandti (Phasianus), 450.
bra.siliensis (Spalangia), 195.
brassicae (Ganoris), 73.

— (Papilio), 73.

— (Pieris), 319.
breveti (Maenas), 396.

— (Ocnogyna), 395.

— (Phragmatobia), 396.

— (Trichosoma), 396.
brevicoruis (Stenelaciiistus), 203.
breviplaga (Cyllopoda), 392.
bri.seis (Chazara), 103. 109.

— (Satyrus), 103.
Bruchobius, 176.
brunnea (Bombyx), 361.

— (Diplura), 361.

— (Ergavia), 376.

— (Macronadata), 259.
brunnearia (Anisephyra), 306.
brunneo-olivacea (Malacosoma), 361.
brunne-scens (Cotana), 469.

bryata (Racheospila), 377.
bucephala (Phalera), 349.
bucephalina (Phalera), 349.
buceplialoides (Malocampa), 249.
bucharensis (Ammoperdix), 281.
burellus (Melissoblaptes), 42.
burnesi (Gallinula), 268.
burrowsi (Ergavia), 374, 375.
buryi (Lanius), 454.

— (Passer), 454, 456, 457.

— (Scotocerca), 455.
butleri (Euchloe), 82, 83.
buturlini (Phasianus), 448, 452.

Caccabij, 275-80, 281. 283, 292.
cachinnans (GalUnula), 269.
caecaria (Semaeopus), 383.
eaelebs (Cerocephala), 189.
— (Parasoiatheras), 189, 100,

507

caerulescctis (Diglossopis), 494.
caeruleus (Porphyrio), 265, 268.
caffralis (Aphomia), 42.
caffrella (Lanioria), 51.

— (Tugela), 51.

cagayanensis (Anthreptes), 323.
caja (Arctia), ,S27.
oalamistis (Melaraphia), 31.

c album (Papilio), 95.

— (Polygonia), 95.
Calidri.5, 7.

caligans (Euprepia), 399.
calliloma (Cotana), 474.

— (Hypercydas), 474.
Callimorpha, 403.
Callionyma, 26.
Callionymus, 26.
callipepla (Ptychopoda). 390.
Calasotere, 167.

calvina (Ergavia), 376.
Camarunia, 491.
Cambogia, 392.
campicola (Corypliistera). 301.
canalensis (HeterogynLs), 346.
candidior (Problepsis). 312.
canescens (Schistotlieca). 40.
caniola (Bombyx), 402.

— (Ilema), 401, 402.

canorus (Melierax), 267, 292, 455.
cantenei'i (Thais), 72.
cantillans (Mirafra), 454.
oapensia (Asio), 267, 292.

— (Coturnix), 420-2, 424.
captus (Anthus), 454-7, 458.
cardigaster (Achrysoeharis), 211.
cardui (Papilio), 94.

— (Pyrameis), 95, 321.
Cargetta, 256, 257.
Cargida, 232.

carnaria (Trioentra), 387.
carnea (Celerio), 328.
earniolica (Zygaena). 341. 342.
Cartaletis, 428.
Casama, 359.
Cascera, 246-8.
cashmeriensis (Apona), 486.
oaspius (Porphyrio), 266, 267.
Cassidae, 128.
ca,stanella (Doloessa), 25.

— (Thagora), 25.

castaneobrunnea (Bardaxima), 234.
castaneolavata (Lambessa), 365, 367.
castaneolavatus (Lambessa), 368.
castaneorufa (Cotana), 468.
castehiaudi (Glyphorhynclius), 418, 419.
castissima (Celerio), 328.

— (Deilcphila), 328.
caetrensis (Elysius), 481.

catamompha (Semaeopus), 381.

caterinae (Saxicola), 10, 11.

catharinae (Opharus), 482.

Cathayia, 21, 46.

Catopsilia, 92.

catus (Thamnophilus), 497, 498.

caucasieus (Francoli)ius), 288, 289.

eaudipennis (Rhodogastria), 485.

cavasolae (Allomphale). 210.

caj-anensis (Myiozetetes). 412, 413.

cecila (Epinephele), 116.

cedilla (Comostola), 304.

eedri (Zygaena). 336.

Celama, 403.

celataria (Diplodesma), 298.

celebensis (Anthrepte,s), 323.

Celerena, 293.

Celerio, 328-30, 332.

celerio (Hippotion), 331, 332

— (Sphinx), 331.
centonalis (Celama), 403.
centralasiae (Celerio), 330
Centrobia, 121, 228. 230.
Ceutropua, 455.
cephalonica (Corcyra), 35, 36.

— (Melissoblaptes), 36.
Cerapterocero, 1 57.
cereeris (Gallinula), 270.
Cereomela, 455, 461.
Cercotriclias, 455.
Cercyonis, 108, 109.
cerea (Galleria), 53.
cereana (Tinea), 53.
cerella (Tinea), 53.
Cerioclepta, 53.
Cerocephala, 188, 189.
Cerura, 346, 347, 348.
cervina (Apona), 486.

— (Palerisa), 486.
C:hadisra, 251, 252.
Chaetospila, 188.
Chalcis, 122, 127-9.
Chalcittella, 129.
chalepensis (Ruta), 318.
Charaxes, 63, 320, 321.
charlonia (Antliocharis). 79.

— (Euchloe), 79, 319.
charmetanti (Artaxa), 409.

— (Nygmia), 409.
Charommataea, 378.
eharrela (Perdix), 283.
Chazara, 103, 109.
Chelonia, 397, 398.

cherriei (Rhynchocyclus), 414, 415.
Chilena, 368, 369 .
chimaera (Lirmiris), 237.
chlamitulalis (Celama), 403.

— (Pyralis), 403.

608

Chliora, 263.

chlorargyra (Comostola), 305.
chlorella (Statia), 26.
ohlorigaster (Anthreptes). 323.
chlorion (Earias), 405.
chloris (Procris), 345.
chloronotus (Porphyrio), 265.
chlorophyllana (Earias), 404.
ChIoroptery.ic, 377, 378.
chloropus (Fulica), 267.

— (Gallinula), 267, 268-70.
cholmleyi (Ammoperdix), 281. 282.
Chonderostega, 359.

chonensis (Phasianus), 445, 446, 451.
chrysaugella (Parazanelodes), 23.
chrysippus (Danais), 93.

— (Limnas), 93.

— (Papilio), 93.
chrysocephala (Bomby.K), 400.

— (Euprepia), 400.
Chrysocraspeda, 313, 314, 433.
chrysolineata (Berta), 302, 303.
Chrysolophus, 288.

chrysomelas (Phasianus), 443, 444, 450.
chrysomeloides (Phasianus), 450.
chrysonome (Pontia), 89.

— (Teraoolus), 75, 89.
chrysoparalias (Anacosymbia), 432.
chrysoprasaria (Hemistola), 299.
chrysorrhoea (Arctornus), 355.

— (Euproctis), 355, 356, 357.

— (Phalaena), 355, 356.
chrysostathes (Dysi)hania), 294.
chukar (Alectoris), 277-SO).

— (Caceabis), 277, 278, 279.
chunchotambo (Xiphoihynchus), 419.
Cigaritis, 64.

Cilix, 393, 394, 409.
cincta (Ornithospila), 295.
cinerea (Emberiza), 4.54.

— (Motaeilla), 454.

— (Satyrus). 105.
cinereiceps (Rhynchocychis), 415.
cinereola (Bombyx), 44.
cinereus (Satyrus), 105.
cinnamomea (Hophtis), 250.
cinnamomeogrisea (Polia), 63.
cinnamomeus (Anthus), 454.
Cinnamopteru8, 456.
Cinnyricinclus, 454.

Cinnyris, 454.

cinxia (Melitaea), 98, 321.

— (Papilio), 98.
circe (Nythas), 109.
cirtana (Procris), 344.
cissinobaphes (Mehssoblaptes), 42.
Cisticola, 454, 458.

cisticola (Cisticola), 454, 458.

citrinaria (Trieentra), 388.
clara (Seirarctia), 483.
olathrella (Lamoria), 51.

— (Tugela). 50, 51.
cleopatra (Gonepteryx). 91, 320.

— (Papilio), 91.
Cleophana, 63.
Cleora. 315, 435.
Clisiocampa, 360.
Closterocerus, 211.
Cnemodes, 378.
Cnethocanipa, 349.
coacta (Automolis), 480.
Coccophagus, 122, 211.
Cochhdion, 346.
codes (Bombyx), 364.

— (Pachygastria), 364, 365.
codeti (Cochlidion), 346.

— (Limacodes), 346.

— (Melapoceras). 64.
Coenonympha, 117-20, 322.
coeruleata (lodis), 301.
cognata (Procris), 343, 344.
oolchicus (Phasianus), 442-52.
C'oleoneura, 32.

Colias, 89-91, 320.
collnrio (Enneoctonus), 454.

— (Lanius), 454, 458.
collybita (Phyllo,scopus), 455.
colonella (Tinea), 38.
colossa (Thaumetopoea), 349.
eolossea (Melanargia), 111.
colossus (Metospilus), 331.

— (Pergesa), 331. 332, 409.
colpostrophia (lodis), 301.
Columba, 455, 462.
combinata (Ptychopoda). 389.
commaculata (Semaeopus), 381.
Comostola, 303, 305.
Comostolopsis, 304.
complana (Aphomia), 47

— (Harpagoneura), 33.

— (Picrogama), 47.
complexa (Harpagoneura), 32,

— (Tirathaba), 32.
complexaria (Ptychopoda), 389.
Comys, 142. 144.

concolor (Cartaletis), 42X.

— (Pachygastria), 363.
confisa (Coturnix), 423, 424.
conjuncta (Nudaria), 403.

— (Paidia), 403.
conjunctiva (Problepsis), 309.
constantina (Clionderostcga), 359.
constellata (Doloessa), 25.
contracta (Diplodesma), 298.
contractata (Eois), 392.
conturbans (Coturnix), 422, 423.

509

convolvuli (Sphinx), 327.

— (Herse), 327.
oopiosa (Berta), 303.

— (Hemithea), 297.
Coracias, 455.
Corcyra, 20, 35, 36.
cordula (Satyrus), 109.
cornuta (Pyrrhorachis), 305.
coronatu.s (Platyrhynchus), 416.
corsicana (Coturnix), 424.
corjTia (Melanothrix), 463.
Coryphistera, 501.

eossoides (Nystalea), 233.

— (Rifargia), 254.
co3.sula (Tachida), 235.
C03.SU3, 254, 405, 408.
C03SU9 (Cossus), 405.

— (Phalaena), 40.5.
C03taricen3i3 (Dendrocolaptes), 417.
costipiincta (Maschane), 262.
Cotana, 466, 467, 468-74.
Coturnix, 420-5.

coturnix (Coturnix), 420-5.

Crambomorpha, 32.

Crambus, 50, 51.

crameri (Euchloii), 81, 82. 83, 84, 319.

crameria (Euchloe), 81.

Craspedia, 378.

crassicornis (Pseudanastatus), 163, 164.

crassinotata (Problepsis), 310.

erassiquama (Sphinctocera), 55.

crataegi (Aporia), 73, 319.

Crateropus, 455.

Crateulophus, 206, 207.

Cratotrecho, 206.

Crex, 269.

cribraria (Euprepia), 40(1.

Crinodes, 235.

cristata (Galerida), 439, 440, 454.

cristulalia (Celama), 403.

croceus (Colias), 90, 320.

— (Papilio), 90.
Crossogaster, 125, 126.
Cryptolopha, 455.
cucullatella (Nola), 403.

— (Phalaena), 403.
cucullatus (Teleplionus), 292.
cuneatus (Glyphorhynchus), 418, 419.

— (Glyphyrhynchus), 419.
cupreata (Nobiha), 307.
curta (Hyponerita), 479.

— (Rhodogastria), 485.
curtus (Rhodogastria), 485.
curvatula (Hoplitis), 251.
cuvieri (Pachyrhamphus), 410.
curvifascia (Metanastria), 453.
cyane (Dy3phania), 294.
cyauescens (Habrocytus), 175.

Cyanopica, 493.
cyanus (Cyanopica), 493.
cyclophora (Aphomia), 41.
Cyclothea, 300.
Cyllopoda, 391, 392.
Cymbalophora, 396, 398, 399.
Cymbilanius, 495, 496.
eymonia (Athaliptis), 45.
cyparissias (Eupalamides), 59.
Cypriotes (Alectoris), 278.

daira (Teracolus), 88.
dalmanni (Habrolepide), 157.
dalmatina (Jlelitaea), 100.
damascena (Perdix). 285. 288.
Danais, 93.
daplidice (Leucoehloe). 75, 70.

— (Pieris), 75, 319.
Dasychira, 350 .
da.syehiroides (Hoplitis), 250.
Dasycosymbia, 378.

datini (Bombyx), 367.

— (Lambessa), 366, 367.
daurica (Hirundo), 4.55.
davidus (Pachygastria), 302.
Decatoma, 138.

decisa (Automolis), 480.
decollatus (Pha.sianus), 446, 452.
decolorata (Lambessa). 365, 366, 367.

— (Morphels), 56.
decolorella (Aphomia), 38.

— (Parahpsa), 38.
Deilephila, 327, 328, 329.
dejone (Melitaea), 98.
delavoiei (Dicranura), 348, 373.
deleta (Pachygastria), 364.
delicio.sa (Pyrrhorachis), 305.
delphiaria (Argyris), 311.

— (Problepsis), 310-12.
deltae (Galerida), 440.
demeritaria (Comostola), 304.
demonstrata (Boarmia), 315.
demonstratus (Xipliorhynehus), 419.
Dendrexetastes, 416.
Dendrocolaptes, 416, 417.
dentata (Petronia), 454.
derubcscens (Thais), 72.

deserti (Eublemma), 63.
deserticola (Celerio), 329.

— (Deilephila), 329.

— (Melitaea), 99-102, 321.

— (Notolophus), 353.

— (Orgyia), 353.
desertonim (Euchloe), 86.
desfontainii (Argynnis), 98.

— (MeUtaea), 98.
desolata (Trygodea), 387.

310

devigeseens (Tricentra), 387.
Diacrisea, 482, 483.

diaphorocerus (Euryrhopalus), 148, 149.
diardi (Phasianus), 452.
dichotoma (Gleichenia), 151.
Dichromatopodia, 378, 384.
Dicranura, 348, 373.
dido (Apantesis), 397, 438.

— (Euprepia), 397.

didjTiia (Melitaea), 63, 99-102, 321.
difficilis (Rhuda), 249.

— (Thamnophilus), 498.
digammata (Problepsis), 430, 431.
Diglossopis, 494.

digna (Kanetisa), 109.
digramma (Macrothylacia), 369.

— (Metanastria), 369, 453.
Dilaelaps, 172.

dilastistigma (Problepsis), 432.
diluta (Cotana), 472.
dimorpha (Trichomoplata), 240.
Dinarmolaelaps, 172.
Dipara, 186.

Diplodesma, 298, 299.
Diplura, 361, 362.
Dira, 109.

discalis (Nystalea), 233.
Discoglypha, 306, 307.
disema (Aphomia), 40.

— (Melissoblaptes), 40.
disjuncta (Cyclothea). 300.
dispar (Liparis), 350.

— (Phalaena), 358.

— (Porthetria), 358.

— (Tetrasticluis), 213. 221.
dispartita (Hemistola), 299.
distictella (Apliomia), 41.
distincta (Eucliloe), 86.

— (Haplojana), 490.

— (Parisoma), 454, 459.
distinguenda (Notoplusia), 240.
distinguendus (Tetrastichus), 212, 214, 215.
diversa (Paranerita), 478.

dives (Argynnis), 97.

divincta (Rhadinomphax), 429.

divisa (Chadisra), 2.52.

— (Psilaeron), 240.
divisaria (Antitrygodes), 308.
dohrni (Acara), 52.

doliatus (Thamnophilu':), 497, 498.
dolichocerus (Tetrastichus), 212, 215.
Doloessa, 21, 25.

domesticus (Passer), 454, 456, 457.
doricrana (Hypercydas), 474.
dorsinigrata (Diplodesma), 298.
dorsiornata (Semaeopu.i), 380.
dorus (Coenonympha), 118, 322.
Drepana, 393.

Drepanojana, 466.
Drugera, 239.
dubia (Cotana), 474.

— (Cyllopoda), 392.

— (Eurytomidia), 137, 138.

— (Nervicompressa), 474.

— (Notolophus), 350, 351, 352^.

— (Orgyia), 353, 354.
duplicata (Hemithea), 297.
Dyasia, 236.

Dylomia, 262.
Dysauxes, 345.
Dysephyra, 378.
Dyspessa, 406-8.
Dyspliania, 293-5.

Earias, 404, 405.
eariasella (Microchlora), 24.
ebenopasta (Anerastidia), 28.
Ectropis, 314.
egea (Papilio). 96.

— (Polygonia), 96.
egeria (Pararge), 322.

egregius (Paranastatus). 164', 165.

eichiiorni (Diacrisea), 483.

Elachertus, 200, 201.

Elaenia, 411.

elaeophragma (Chrysocraspeda), 314.

Elainea, 494.

Elasmus, 199, 200.

Eldana, 20, 29.

eleaphilus (Coceophagus), 122, 211.

electo (Colias). 90, 320.

electa (Mauna), 435.

elegans (Aximopsis), 140.

— (Phasianus), 449, 451.
ella (Dysephyra). 378.

ellena (Satyrus), 102, 103. 321.
elongata (Lirmiris), 237, 238.

— (Phalera), 253.

elongella (Stenachroia), 28, 29.
else (Apantesis), 438.
Elysius, 481.
Emberiza, 454, 457.
Embryoglossa, 23, 54, 55.
emiliaria (Hypodoxa), 293.
Encyrtus, 153.
endoeasta (Ergavia), 375.
endoleuca (Dysphania), 293, 294.
Enneoctonus, 454, 458.
Entedon, 217, 219.
Eois, 392.
Epicnaptera, 370.
Epicydas, 408, 473.
Epimorius, 21, 45.
Epincphele, 114-16, 322.
epipaschielia (Epimorius), 45.

511

, epipereciella (Paraphycita), 54.
Episothalma, 297.
Eragisa, 234.
erectilinea (Cotana), 472.

— (Nervicompressa), 472.
Ergavia, 374-6.
Erionotus, 496.
Eriostepta, 477.

eriangeri (Cercomela), 455, 461.

— (Coturnix), 425.
Ertzica, 49.

erubella (Aphomia), 38.

— (Paralipsa), 39.
erumpens (Aphomia), 42.
erythrocercus (Philydor), 500.
erythromelas (Vanessa), 62, 94, 95, 321.
erythromera (Spalangia), 195.
erythropus (Rhodogastria), 485.
erythrothorax (Porzana), 271, 272.
esperi (Apantesis), 438.

— (Euchloe), 81.
Estrilda, 454.
ethelinda (Cartaletis), 428.
Ethopia, 21, 31-2.
Eublemma, 63.
Eucallionyma, 22, 26.
eucheliellus (Melissoblaptes), 35.
Euchloe, 63, 77-88, 319, 353.
euchroes (Sabaria), 316.
eucircota (Problepsis), 312.
Eucomys, 122, 142, 143, 144.
eucraspeda (Comostola), 305.
Eudagria, 407.
Eudecatoma, 138, 139.
eudora (Satyrus), 114.
Euhampsonia, 258.
Eulophinorum, 206.
Eulophus, 217.

Eumenis, 103, 104, 108, 109.
Eunotomyia, 195, 196.
Eimotum, 197.
Eupalamides, 59.
Eupelmoides, 160, 161, 162.
Eupelmus, 159.
cuphero (Euchloe), 77.
euphorbiae (Celerio), 328, 329, 330.
Eupithecia, 433, 4.34, 435.
Euplectrus, 122, 204.
Euprepia, 397, 399.
Euproctis, 355, 356, 357.
euribya (Lirmiris), 237, 238.
europaeus (Francolinus), 289, 290.
eurycephala (Phaenacra), 178, 179.
Eurydinotomorphae, 183.
Euryrhopalus, 148, 149.
Eurytoma, 136, 137.
Eurytomidia, 137, 138.
outhyoria (Semaeopus), 379.

evagore (Teracolus), 88.
eversmanni (Pachygastria), 363.
excellens (Pachychira), 260.
excelsa (Zygaena). 340.
excubitor (Lanius), 454.
exigua (Zygaena), 340.
eximius (Elasmus), 199.
exorista (Metallochlora), 296.
exortivus (RhjTichocycIus), 415.
expansifascia (Cyllopoda). 391.
exypna (Semaeopus), 382.

fagani (Accentor), 455, 460.

— (Prunella), 460.
fagi (Satyrus), 102.
falacra (Halisidota), 482.
falki (Alectoris), 278, 279, 280.
fallax (Spalangia), 194.
falloui (Anthocharis), 85.

— (Euchloe), 85, 86, 319.
falsalis (Nycteola), 404.
falsaria (Thalassodes), 296.
faroulti (Holcocerus), 409.

— (Phragmatobia), 396.
farracearia (Ectropia), 314.
faseiata (Apantesis), 397, 438.

— (Drepanojana), 466.
fasciatus (C'ymbilanius), 495, 496.
fathme (Melanargia), 110, 111.
fatua (Satyrus), 104, 105.
fauna (Satyrus), 105, 109.
faustula (Zygaena), 340.
(avonia (Zygaena), 332, 333-7.
feisthameli (Papilio), 70. 71.
felderi (Elysius), 481.

felix (Zygaena), 338, 340. 341.
fergussonis (Melanergon), 467.
ferreti (Tehitrea), 455, 462.
fervens (Ptychopoda), 389.
festiva (Eunotomyia), 195, 196.
fettigii (Coenonympha), 118, 322.
fidia (Eumenis), 109.

— (Papilio), 106.

— (Satyrus), 62, 106, 107, 321.
figurana (Doloessa), 25.

— (Thagora), 25.

figurata (Somatina), 429, 430.
filiella (Arhroea), 27.

— (Paroxyptera), 27. •
Fiscus, 454, 458.
flammea (Senta), 37.
flammealia (Acracona), 30.
flammiceps (Zapornia), 271, 272.
flava (Galerida), 440.

flava (Motacilla), 454.

— (Phragmatobia), 396.

— (Zygaena), 336.

512

flavescens (Clisiocampa), 360.

— (Malacosoma), 360.

— (Pseudocolaptes), 499. 500.

— (Zygaena), 334.
flaviba.sis (C'argetta), 256.
flavicans (Semaeopu.s), 379.
flavicoUis (Stauropus), 241.
flavidior (Phasicnecus), 491.
flavifigurata (Tricentra), 388.
flavifimbria (Racheospila), 377.
Flavinia, 391.

flavipes (Sphegigastrella), 184.
flavipunctata (Opharus), 482.
flavistigma (Problepsis), 432.
flavolavata (Cascera), 248.
flavo-olivaceus (Rhynchocyclus), 415, 416.
flavotectus (Rhynchocyclus), 415.
flavovirens (Cascera), 247.
flexifera (Naprepa), 231.
florella (CatopsiUa). 92.

— (Papilio), 92.
florestan (Protoparce), 59.
foedella (Melissoblaptes). 37. 40.

— (Aphomia), 40.
foedellus (Crambus), 51.
formicarius (Myrmeleon), 136.
formiciformis (Cerocephala), 188.
formosanus (Phasianus), 446, 451.
forskalii (Lophoceros), 455.
fragilis (Prasinocyma), 296.
francki (Elysius). 481.
FrancoHnus, 267, 284, 287-91.
francolinus (Franeolinus), 284, 288-90.

— (Tetrao), 287.

franeonica (Malacosoma), 360, 361.
frater (Apona), 487.

— (Hybothorax), 134, 135.
fraterculus (Thamnophilus), 497, 498.
frequens (Metacolosoter), 168, 169.
Fringillaria, 4.54, 457.

frontata (Gallinula), 270.
fructicassiella (Trachylepidia), 36, 37.
frugilegus (Stauropus). 243.
fuciformis (Haemorrhagia), 63, 332.

— (Sphinx), 332.
fulgurea (Hypodoxa), 293.
Fulica, 265, 266, 267.
fuUginosa (JIuscicapa), 410.

— (Phragmatobia), 397.

— (Planchesia), 410.
fulminalis (Aphomia), ,39.

— (Nelissoblaptes), 39.
fulvescens (Prunella), 460.
fulvipes (Hockeria), 130. 131.
fulviventris (Homoporus), 179.
fumosa (Melanothrix), 463, 466.
furcula (Dicranura), 348.
furellus (Melissoblaptes), 39.

furvimbria (Thalassodes), 296.
fusca (Porzana), 271-4.
(uscescens (Turuptiana), 484.
fuscimargo (Hemistola), 300.
fuscipennis (Crinodes), 235.
fuscLstriata (Tirathaba), 34.
fuscolimbalis (Mucialla), 32.
fuscolimbella (Aphomia), 41.

— (Melissoblaptes), 41.
fusconervella (Lamoria), 51.
fusconubilata (Naprepa), 231
fuseula (Dyspessa), 406, 407.
fuaculana (Sarrothripus), 404.
fuscus (Ptilopachus), 276

— (Rallus), 273.

gaimardii (Elaenia), 411.
galatea (Melanargia), 321.
galathea (Melanargia), 109, 110.
galbula (Ploceus), 454.
galeata (Crex), 269.

— (Gallinula), 269, 270.
Galerida, 439-41, 454.
Galleria, 17, 22, 44, 49, 53.
Galleristhenia, 23, 53.
Gallinula, 266, 267-70.
gandolphii (Oenogyna), 395.
Ganoris, 73, 74, 75.
Garcinoptera, 25.
garleppi (Automolis), 481.
garmani (Gallinula), 270.
gaudialis (Neritos), 479.
Gelasma, 295.

geminilinea (Semaeopus), 382.
Geniaspidius, 155, 156.
genibarbis (Xenops), 417, 418.
Geniocerus, 217, 219.
gentihs (Accipiter). 275.
geranium (Ptochophyle), 313.
germana (Cotana), 474.

— (.Jana), 488.

— (Stauropus), 244.
geyri (Chilena), 368, 369.
gibbifrons (Cyllopoda), 391.
gigantea (Lepasta), 235.
gigantelia (Crambus), 50.

— (.Schistotheca), ,50.
giganteus (Phasicnecus), 491.
gigas (Anita), 256.
Glaphyra, 403.

glaucana (Sarrothripus), 404.
glaucata (Cilix), 393, 394, 409.

— (Phalaena), 393.
glauce (Euchloe), 88, 319.
glauconome (Leucochloe), 75.

— (Pontia), 75.
glaucoviridis (Stauropus). 242.

513

Gleichenia, 151.

globulariae (Procris), 343.

Glyphorhynchus, 418, 419.

Glyphyrhynchus, 419.

gmelini (Phasianus), 447, 451, 452.

Gnophos, 314, 463.

Gonatocerus, 228.

Gonepteryx, 91, 320.

gonostigma (Notolophus), 350.

gordius (Phasianus), 444, 445, 450.

gouldi (Anthus), 458.

gracilis (Prinia), 455.

graeca (Alectoris), 277, 278, 279, 280.

— (Euchloe), 81.

— (Perdix), 277.
grenadensis (Sympiesi.i), 205.
grandinotella (Tirathaba), 34.
grandis (Cotana), 473.

— (Gypaetus), 455.

— (Pachygastria). 363.

— (Pseudojana), 487.
grisea (Aphomia), 42.

— (Lambessa), 366.
griseigularis (Antlireptes), 323.
griseipectus (Myrmeciza), 498.
grisella (Achroia), 44.

— (Meliphora), 44.

— (Tinea), 44.

gri.seogularis (Ammoperdix), 281, 282.

— (Perdix), 281.
griseola (Hemijana), 490.

— (Odontelia), 63.
grisescens (Tricentra), 388.
grisola (Muscicapa), 455.
guami (Gallinula), 268.
guatemalensis (Lirmiris), 237.
guianarum (Blacicus), 411.
guianen.sis (Elaenia), 411.
gularis (Aphomia), 38.

— (Elainea), 494.

— (Melissoblaptes). 38.

— (ParaHpsa), 37.

guttatus (Xiphorhynchus), 419.
guzmani (Nystalea), 233.
Gypaetus, 455.
Gyrtona, 40.

habejjsinica (Cinnyris), 454.
Habrocytus, 174, 175.
Habrolepis. 156, 157.
hadraniauticus (Hagiopsar), 454.

— (Onychognathus), 454, 456.

— (Pilorhinus), 456.
haematella (Tirathaba), 34.
haematographa (Balaenifrons), 57.
Haemorrhagia, 63, 332.
hagenbecki (Phasianus), 447, 448, 452.

hagenowii (Entedon), 219.

— (Geniocerus), 219.

— (Tetrastiehu.s), 122, 213, 219.
Hagiopsar, 454, 456.
Halcyon, 455.

Halisidota, 482.

hamilcar (Pachygastria), 362, 363.
hampsoni (Elysius), 481.
hansii (Satyrus), 104, 105.
Hapigia, 263.
Hapigiodes, 264.
Haplojana, 489, 490.
hararensis (."inthus), 457, 458.
haroldi (Cymbalophora), 398.

— (Tympanophora), 399.
Harpagoneura, 32-4.
Harpya, 346.

harterti (Melitaea), 63, 100, 102.

hawaiiensis (Mehttobia), 122, 226, 227.

hebitis (Satyrus), 106, 107.

helice (Colias), 91, 320.

helicina (Colias), 91, 320.

heUica (Belenois), 75.

hellmayri (Cinnyris), 454.

— (Myiozetetes), 412, 413.
helvolus (Teracolus), 89.
Hemijana, 490.
Hemiptarsenus, 208.
hemisema (Prasinoxena), 24.
Hemistola, 299, .300.
Hemithea, 297, 298, 429.
henrici (Francolinus), 289, 290.
Hepialiscus, 405.
hepialivora (Harpagoneura), 34.
Hepialus, 405.

herculeana (Cnethocampa), 349.

— (Thaumetopoea), 349.
hermione (Nythas). 109.

— (Satyrus), 102, 103, 109.
Herse, 327.

Heterephyra, 378, 379.
Heterogynis, 346.
heteroleucus (Thamnophilus), 497.
Heteromicta, 21, 32, 42, 43.
heterurus (Xenops), 418.

heyi (Ammoperdix), 281, 282.
hieroglyphica (Moresa), 261.
hilaris (Zygaena), 339, 340.
hilaropis (Doloessa), 25.
— (Melissoblaptes), 25.
hilgerti (Chilena), 368, 369.
Hipparchia, 109.
hippocrates (Papilio), 67, 69.
Hippolais, 454.
Hippotion, 331, 332.
Hinindinea, 411, 412.
Hirundo, 455.
hispanica (Oenanthe), 1, 11, 16.

514

hispaniensis (Perdix), 283.

histrio (Leptomastix). 122. 144.

Hockeria, 121, 122, 130-2.

Holcocerus, 408, 409.

holdereri (Phasianus), 445, 446, 447, 451.

holli (Coenonympha). 117, 118, 322.

— (Arygia), 355

— (Orygia), 35.5.

— (Notolophus), 355.

— (Satyras), lOG, 321.
holobapta (Chrysocraspeda), 433.
Hombergia, 58.

homochroa (Aphomia), 41.

— (Melanothrix), 463, 465.

— (Melissoblaptes), 41.
Homoporus, 179.

homopteridia (Balaenifrons), 57, 58.
Hoplitis, 250, 251.

Hornigia, 48.

hortulana (Emberiza). 454.
hospiton (Papilio), 70. .
hospitonides (Papilio), 69. 318.
huebneri (Karanasa), 109.
huegenini (Ocuogyna), 395.
humei (Alectori.s), 280.

— (Caccabis), 279.
hyale (Colias), 89.

— (Papilio), 89.
Hybocampa, 349.
Hybothorace, 136.
Hybothorax, 134, 135.
Hylophila, 405.
Hypercydas, 47'. 473, 474.
hyphanteriae (Elachertus), 201.
Hypochrosis, 316.
hypoderis (Semaeopus), 380.
Hypodoxa, 293.
hypoleucus (Totanus). 455.

— (Tringa), 455.
Hypolopliota, 40, 42.
hypotyphla (Comostola), 303.
Hyponerita, 479.
Hypopta, 406.
Hypostropha, 28.

hyriaria (Eois), 392.

— (Psilocambogia), 392.

Ichthyura, 349.

ida (Epinephele), 116, 322.

— (Papilio), 116.

Idalus, 475, 476.

idonea (Nystalea), 232.

ignivena (Tirathaba), 33.

llema, 401, 402.

ilicana (Sarrothripua), 404.

ilicis (Achnocampa), 361.

illimitata (Semaeopu.s), 379.

illineata (Ergavia), 376.
imbella (Acrobaais), 51.

— (Lamoria), 51.

impressus (Stenelachistus), 201-3.
impunctella (Acara), 49.
incandeseens (Pseudojana), 487.
incarnata (Amorpha), 326, 332.
incisus (Stauropus), 245.
incolorata (Semaeopus), 378.
incongruens (Philoponectroma), 145.
inculta (Ectropis), 314.
indica (Sa.xicola), 455, 461.
indicus (Passer), 456, 457.
indistincta (Spatalia), 231.
ines (Melanargia). 110, 111, 321.

— (Papilio), 110.
inexpectata (Automolis), 481.

— (Phalera), 253.
infelix (Comys), 142, 144.

— (Eucomys), 122, 142. 143. 144.

— (Eupithecia), 434.
inflammata (Discoglypha), 307.
infra-simplex (CoenonjTiipha), 118.
infumatella (Lamoria), 52.
infuscata (Dyspessa), 407.
innotata (Achroia), 44.

— (Casama), 359.

— (Vobrix), 44.
Ino, 344.

inopinata (Coturnix), 422, 424.
inostentalis (Lamoria), 22, 50.

— (Maraclea), 50.
inquieta (Scotocerca), 455.
insculpto (Problepsis). 431.
insidiosus (.\nacryptus), 129. 130.
insignifica (Haplojana), 489.

— (Hoplites), 250.
insignis (Phasianus), 450.
insolitus (Blastothrix, 151.
insulana (Earias), 405.
insularia (Hemithea), 297, 298.
insularis (Elasmus), 199.

— (Crinodes), 235.

— (Euchloe), 80.

— (Stilbula), 121, 142.
insularum (Isosoma), 139.
intensa (C'argida), 232.
intercalaris (Cerura), 347.
intermedia (Ammoperdix), 282.

— (Columba), 455, 462.

— (Euchloe), 78.

— (Melanothrix), 464.

— (Pachypasa), 370.

— (Rifargia), 256.

— (Satyrus), 107.

— (Zygaena), 336.

int«rmedius (Cymbilanius), 495, 496.
interposita (Cyanopica), 493.

515

iaterposita (Ilema), 401.

— (Melitaea), 100, 101, 102.

— (Flema), 401.
interpositus (Francolinus), 288.

— (Thamnophilus), 496, 497.
interrupta (Cerura), 346, 347.

— (Harp3'a), 346.
interspersa (Cerura), 348.
inunctus (Eulophus), 217.

— (Geniocerus). 217.

— (Tetrasticlms), 122, 212, 217, 218.
iodioides (Comostola), 305.

Iodi.s, 300, 301, 302.
iridescens (lodis), 300, 301.
irregularis (Robinsonia), 475.
irrorata (Caaccra), 248.

— (Neidalia), 475.
irrufatella (Tirathaba), 33.
Isabella (Hemithea), 298.
isabellina (Galerida), 440.

— (Oenanthe), 461.
isodesma (Aphomia), 40.

— (Melissoblaptes), 40.
isolatella (Notolophus), 353.

— (Orgyia), 353.
Isosoma, 139.
Issa, 378.

italica (Perdix), 283.

jabae (Phasianus). 444, 450.
Jana, 487, 488.

janiroides (Epinephele), 115, 322.
japonica (Coturnix), 420-2, 425.

— (Cyanopica), 493.
jasius (Charaxes), 63.

jason (Charaxes), 93, 320, 321.

— (Papilio), 93.
jerdoni (Anthus), 458.
joiceyi (Cotana), 472, 474.
jordana (Dyspessa), 406.
jordanis (Lamoria), 51.
josephina (Notolophus), 350, 351-3.

— (Orgyia), 352.

josua (Lasiocampa), 363, 364.

— (Pachygastria), 363, 364.
jugurthina (Pachygastria), 364.
jurtina (Epinephele), 114, 322.

— (Papilio), 114.
justata (Dysephyra), 378.

— (Heterephyra), 378.

kabylaria (Dyspessa), 407.
kakelik (Caccabis), 279, 280.
Kaaetisa, 109.
kapaura (Cotana), 473.
Karanasa, 109.

karpowi (Phasianus), 447, 448, 452.
kebeae (Cotana), 473.

— (Nervicompressa), 473.
kennedyi (Paranerita), 478.
kestraneura (Decatoma), 138.
khasiana (Tagora), 486.
khasianus (Stauropus), 245.
kiangsuensis (Phasianus), 446, 447, 451.
kirbyi (Euehloe), 81.

klagesi (Hapigiodes), 264.

— (Rosema), 261.
koenigi (Alectoris), 277.
komarowi (Phasianus), 442, 443, 449.
koroviakovi (Alectoris), 278, 279, 280.

— (Caccabis), 279.
Kradibia, 124, 125.
kroumira (Phragmatobia), 397.
kruegeri (Euehloe), 81.

laciniata (Tricentra), 387.
ladrilla (Semaeopus), 379.
laesaria (Comostola), 304.
laetus (Sympiesis), 204.
lahayei (Zygaena), 341, 342.
Lambessa, 363, 365-8.
lambessanus (Cercyonis), 108.

— (Satyrus), 103, 105, 107, 108.
Lamoria, 22, 33, 48, 50-2.
Lanius, 454, 458, 495-6.
lanuginosa (Turnaca), 258.
Lftothe, 263.

lapidepeta (Epinephele), 116.
Lasiocampa, 363, 364, 365, 370.
Lasiomorpha, 463, 466.
lathonia (Argynnis), 97, 321.

— (Papilio), 97.

laticeps (Neosciatheras), 190, 191.
laticostalis (Spatalia), 231.
latitiava (Cyllopoda), 391, 392.
latiplaga (Dysphania), 294, 295.
lativittata (Melanothrix), 463, 465.
latonaria (Argyris), 430.
--(Problepsis), 431.
latro (Melissoblaptes), 29.

— (Meyriccia), 29.
latteri (Papilio), 70, 71.
lavandulae (Zygaena), 342, 343.
leechi (Melitaea), 99.

— (Notolophus), 354.
leighata (Chrysocraspeda), 433.
Lelaps, 172.

Lemonia, 371.
lemoulti (Lirmiris), 237.
leutiginosus (Zatrephes), 476.
Leodamus, 171.
Lepasta, 235.
lepida (Chalcis), 127.

516

leprieuri (Ocnogyna), 305.

— (Spilosomii), 395.
Icprosa (Hypodoxii), 293.
leptochlora (Heteromicta), 43.
Leptoctenopsis, 38.j.
I/eptomastix, 122, 144.
Leptopogon, 413, 414.
leucocephala (Halcyon), 4.)5.
Leucochloe, 75, 7G.
leucogaster (Cinnyricinclus). 454.
leucomela (Oenanlhe), 455.
leucophaeus (Stauropus), 242.
leucophrys (Anthus), 4.54, 457, 458.

— (Mecocei'culu.s), 494, 495.
leucostictalis (Eldana), 29.
leucotera (Ganoris), 74.

leucotrigona (Melanothrix), 463, 464, 405.
liagore (Teracolus), 89.
libatrix (Scoliopteryx), 259.
libyssa (Cartaletis), 428.

— (Euprepia), 399.
ligustri (Sphinx), 19, 327.
Limacodes, 346.
limitans (Zygaena), 341.
Limnas, 93.

limosa (Bombyx), 370.

— (Pachypasa), 370.
lineata (Celerio), 330, 332.
Ilneatus (Cymbilanius), 495, 496.

— (Lanius), 495.
lineosa (Automolis), 480.
Liparis, 350, 357, 358.
liraria (Ergavia), 376.
Lirmiris, 237.

lissoma (Stilbula), 141.
Litho.,ia, 401, 402, 403.
lithosioides (Barade.sa), 258.
littoralis (Picolaptes), 417.

— (Xenops), 418.

— (Zygaena), 330.

livia (Columba). 455. 402.
livornica (Celerio), 3.30, 332.

— (Sphinx), 330.
loeupletata (Discoglypha), 307.
longifimbriatus (Tetrastichus), 212, 224.
longigastra (Sphegigaslrella), 183.
longipannis (Problepsis), 310.
longipes (Myrmeciza), 498.
longirostri-s (Anthus), 457.
longiventris (Tetrastichus), 212. 213, 217.
Lophoceros, 455.

lorenzi (Phasianus), 442, 449.
loti (Bombyx), 361.
— (Diplura), 361.
louisiadensis (Melanergon), 467.
loyselis (Zygaena), 332-5.
lucasi (Arge), 109.

— (Chilcna). 368, 369.

lucasi (Melanargia), 109, 110, 321.
ludoviciae (Cerura), 347.
lugubriaria (Eupithecia), 435.
lunulata (Cotana), 471.

— (Nervicompressa), 471.
lurida (Halisidota), 482.
luridata (Scmaeopus), 380.
lurideola (Ilema), 402.

— (Lithosia), 402.
luridioidcs (Halisidota), 482.
lusitanica (Euchloc), 80.
lutarella (Ilema), 402.
lutea (Galerida), 440.

— (Malacosoma), 300.
luteus (Bombyx), 360.
lycaon (Epinephele), 114, 322.
lyllus (Coenonympha), 119, 120, 322.
Lymantria, 63, 350, 357, 358.

lyra (Philydor), 501.

machaon (Papilio), 66-70, 318.

macrocerus (Parageniaspis), 154, 155.

Macroglossum, 331, 332.

Macronadata, 259.

macroptera (Galleria), 49.

Macrothylacia, 369.

maculata (Comostola), 303, 304.

— (Galerida), 439-11.

— (Percnia), 317.
maculifera (Tirathaba), 33.
madagascariensis (Fulica), 266.

— (Porphyrio), 267.
Maenas, 396.

maeonia (Melanothrix), 400.
maera (Pararge), 112.
magnifica (Cymbalophora), 398.

— (Euhampsonia), 258.

— (Viana), 492.
Mahencyrtus, 157, 158.

mahensis (Anthrocephalus), 133, 134.

— (Centrobia), 121, 228, 230.
raaja (Argynnis), 90, 321.
major (Aerops), 462.

— (Anumela), 63.

— (Apona), 486.

— (Chazara), 103.

— (Coenonympha), 117.

— (Phalaena), 373.

— (Saturnia), 371-3.

— (Satyrus), 103.
malaccen.sis (Anthreptes), 323.
malachitaria (Hcmistola), 299.
Malacosoma, 300, 361.
malacosomoides (Chilena), 368, 309.
malgascius (Eupclmus), 159.
Malocampa, 248.

mamorata (Eudagria), 107.

517

Maraclea, 50.
marcida (Ileraa), 402.
marcouna (Zygaena), 64, 339, 340.
margaritae (Alcctoris), 278, 279.
marginata (Cascera), 247.

— (Coenonympha), 119.

— (Pyrrhorachis), 305.
marmorata (Dyspesaa), 406, 407, 408.
marnoana (Colias), 89.
maroccana (Dyspesaa), 408.

— (Pachygastria), 362.

— (Saturnia), 371, 372.

— (Zygaena), 342.
maronensia (Automolis), 481.
maroniensis (Amaxia), 477.
martini (Hypochrosis), 316.
martinica (Porphyrio), 265.
Maschane. 262.

matutia (Euchloe), 81.

Mauna, 435.

maura (Motacilla), 460.

— (Saxicola), 455, 460, 461.
mauretanica (Bombyx), 365.

— (Celerio), .329, 330.

— (Deilephila), 329.

— (Epinephele), 114.

— (Euchloe). 80-3.

— (Melitaea), 99-101. 102, 321.
-- (Ocnogyna), 394.

— (Pachygastria), 364, 365.

— (Papilio), 67-70, 318.

— (Satyrus), 114.

— (Thais). 71, 72, 318.

— (Trichosoma), 394.

— (Zygaena), 340.
mauretanicus (Cossus), 408.

— (Holcocerus), 408.
mauritaniea (Aporia), 73, 319.

— (Pieris), 74.
maxima (Euchloe), 81.

— (Papilio), 67, 68, 69, 318.
meade-waldoi (Melanargia), 110.

— (Pararge). 112.
Mecocerculus, 494, 495.
mecranensis (Francolinus), 288.
medianalis (Lamoria), 50.
mediofascia (Turnaca), 257.
mediofasciata (Omichlis), 260.
mediolinea (Stauropus), 245.
mediostriga (Chlior), 263.
medius (Bruchobius), 176.

— (Phasianus), 443.
meeki (Chadisra), 251.

— (CWana), 470, 471.

— (Lasiomorpha), 466.
megacephalus (Rhyncliocyclus), 415.
Megapeltc, 197.

Megarthria, 17, 23, 54.

megera (Papilio), 112.

— (Pararge), 112, 322.
Melachrysia, 19.
Melanargia, 109-11, 321.
melancholicus (Tyrannus), 412.
Melanergon, 463, 467.
melanochloros (Euchloe), 82, 83.
melanoleuca (Dyasia), 236.

— (Saxicola), 16.
melanomochla (Aphomia), 40.
melanonotus (Franco Unus), 290.
melanope (Motacilla), 454.
melanophlebia (Lamoria), 51.
melanoptera (Cercotrichas), 455.
Melanothrix, 463-6.
melanura (Cercomela), 455, 461.

— (Saxicola), 461.
Melia, 37, 51.
Meliana, 37.
Melierax. 267, 292, 455.
Meliphora, 44, 45.
melisanda (Euchloe), 81.
Melissoblaptes, 9,5, 29, 33, 34-42, 51.
Melitaea, 63, 98-102, 321.
Mehttobia, 122, 226, 227.
mellonella (Cerioclepta), 53.

— (Galleria), 53.

— (Tinea), 53.

— (Vindana), 53.
mellonidiella (Galleristhenia), 53.
menachensis (Poliospiza), 454.

— (Turdus), 455.
mendicaria (Somatina), 306.
meonaria (Rhodostrophia), 30P.
meone (Papilio), 113.

— (Pararge), 113.
Mirallus, 179, 180.

meridae (Pseudocolaptes), 499.
meridana (Synallaxis), 498.
meridionalis (Antaxia), 479.

— (Elysius), 481.

— (Gallinula), 268.

— (Gonepteryx), 91.

— (Lirmiris), 237.

— (Melitaea), 99-101.
merita (Rii'argia), 256.
meritaria (Comostola), 304.
meroearia (Problepsis), 431.
Merops. 455.

mesagona (Apaidia), 403.

— (Callimorpha), 403.
mesoleucus (Phoenicurus), 46lf.
Mesopeltis, 197, 198.

metabates (Melierax), 267, 292. 455.
Metaealosoter. 167, 168, 169.
metachryseis (.Acracona), 30.
Metachrysia, 30.
metaleuca (Prasinoxena), 24.

518

metalliferuB (Tetraslichus), 213, 220.
Metallochlora, 29G, 297.
Metanastria, 369, 453.
Metapoeeras, 64.
Metaraphia, 20, 31.
Metasteninonim, 171, 172.
.Metospilus, 331.
mcsicanus (Xenops), 417, 418.
Meyiiccia, 21, 29.
michailovski (Phasianus), 450.
Microchlora, 20, 24, 25.
Micromehis, 177, 178, 179.
migrans (Milvus), 455.
militaris (Dysphania), 294.

— (Metallochlora), 296, 297.
MiMis. 455.

Minois, 108, 109.

minor (Laniu.s), 454, 458.

— (Satyrus), 106, 107.

— (Tetrao), 292.
mira (.Soolopax), 437.
mirabilis (.imorpha), 326.

— (Lirmiri-s), 238.
Mirafra, 454.

mitranaria (Semaeopus), 382.
mniszechi (Satyrus), 104, 109.
modesta (Paralipsa), 38.

— (Sympiesomorpha), 210.
moeritica (Galerida), 439, 440.
molossus (Bardaxima), 234.
moma (Automolis), 481.
monacha (Liparis), 350.
mongolicus (Phasianus), 446, 450, 451.
monilella (Rhectophlebia), 27.
monochroa (Aphomia), 39.

— (Melissoblaptes), 39.
monospila (Prasinoxena), 23, 24.
raonteironis (Cartaletis), 428.

— (Phasicnecus), 491.
Monticola, 455.
Moresa, 261.

mori (Bombyx), 19.
morio (.Aximopsis), 141.

— (Habrocytus), 174.
morosella (.Acara), 49.

— (Ertzica), 49.
Morpheis, 23, 56.
Motacilla, 4.54, 459, 460.
motheri (Saturnia), 372.
Mucialla, 32, 33, 35.
multistrigatus (Dendrocolaptes), 416.
mundella (Mucialla), 32, 33.

— (Tirathabia), 32, 33.
murina (Morpheis), 56.

— (Nudaria), 403.
mus (Lymantria), 357.

— (Liparis), 357.
Musoicapa, 410, 455.

muscosa (Drugera), 239.

— (Rifargia), 255.
musivaria (Trygodes), 387.
Myelobia, 56.
Myiozetetes, 412, 413.
Myrmeciza, 498.
myrmecophila (Meliphora), 45.

— (Stenachroia), 29.
Myrmeleon, 136.
mystioa (Diplodesma), 299.

naevia (Selateria), 499.
naevius (Lanius), 496. '

— (Thamnophilus), 496.
nanus (Xiphorhynchus), 419.
napi (Pieris), 75.
Naprepa, 231.

nasutus (Lophoceros), 455.
n.atalensis (Cartaletis), 428.

— (Paraphomia), 37.
neglecta (Xenops), 418.
neglectus (Porphyrio), 266.

— (Xenops), 418.
Neidalia, 475.

nelvai (Cercyonis), 108.

— (Satyrus), 107, 108, 322.
neobule (Apella), 262.
Neosciatheras, 188, 189, 190, 191.
nerii (Deilephila), 327.

— (Sphinx), 327.
Neritos, 479.

Nervicompressa, 468, 469, 471, 472-4.
neustria (Clisiocampa), 360.

— (Malacosoma), 360.
niassana (Pandala), 486.

— (Pseudojana), 487.
nicaea (Celerio), 328.

— (Deilephila), 328.

nicevillei (.Melanothrix), 463, 464, 465.
nicholsoni (.-inthus). 458.
niger (Crateulophus), 206, 207.

— (Notoglyptus), 181.
nigra (Zygaena), 337.
nigrescens (Thamnophilus), 498.
nigricans (Galerida), 439-41.
nigriceps (Mecocerculus), 494, 495.

— (Tetraetichus), 213, 222.
nigricostella (Heteromiota), 43.
nigricoxa (Tetrastichus), 212, 222.
nigriplaga (Nystalea), 232.
nigripuncta (Turnaca), 258.
nigrisparsalis (Lamoria), 48.

— (Picrogama), 48.
nigrivena (Cyllopoda), 392.
aigrocastanea (Diacrisea), 483.
nigrofasciata (Melitaea), 102.
niloticus (Lanius), 454, 458.

519

nilotious (Phoneus), 454.
niobe (Trygodes), 385, 386, 387.
nisseni (Lymantria), 358.

— (Melitaea). 100, 101, 102.

— (Ocneria), 358.

— (Sphinx), 327.

— (Zygaena), 342.
nitadalis (Tirathaba), 35.
nitida (Melitaea), 98.
nitidus (Stauropus), 241.
nivalis (Phasicnecus), 492.
niveiceps (Euhampsonia), 258.
noakesi (Lasiomorpha), 460.
Nobilia, 307, 308.

Noclia, 345.

Nola, 403.

notata (Atychia), 343.

— (Procris), 343.
notodontina (Stauropus), 246.
Notoglyptus, 181, 182.
Notoloplius, 350-5.
Notoplusia, 240.

nouna (Anthocharis), 88.

— (Teracolus), 64, 77, 88, ,320.
nubicus (Flscus), 454.

— (Lanius), 454, 458.
nubigera (Phaenacra), 179.
nubiloviolaceus (Dylomia), 262.
Nudaria, 403.

nudai'ia (Anisodes), 384.
Numida, 455.

numida (Saturnia), 371, 372.
nyassae (Anthu.s), 458.
Nycteola, 404.
Nygmia, 355-7, 409.
nymplia (Comostola), 304.
nymphaliaria (Gnophos), 463.
— (Melanothrix), 463, 464.
Nystalea, 232, 233.
Nytha, 102.
Nythas, 109.

oberthueri (Satyrus), 105, 321.
oberthuri (Apantesis), 397, 438.

— (Chelonia), 397.

— (Chilena), 368.

— (Liparis), 358.

— (Lymantria), 63, 358.
obliquata (Chilena), 368.
obliquella (Cathayia), 46.

— (Vindama), 53.
cibUquifascia (Moresa), 261.
obliterella (Notolophus), 352.
obUteroisa (Aphomia), 41.

— (Bapara), 37, 41.
obscura (Sarrothripus), 404.

— (Turuptiana), 484.

35

obaourata (Episothalma), 297.
obscuratus (Eupelmoides), 160, 161, 162.
obscurellus (Mehssoblaptes), 51.
obscurevittella (Achroia), 44.
obscurus (Chrysolophu.s), 288.
obsolescens (Euchloe), 85, 86.
occidentalis (Cotana), 471.

— (Euhamp-sonia), 258.

— (Maenas), 396.

— (Melitaea), 99, 100.

— (Phragmatobia), 396.

— (Saxicola), 10, 11.

— (Tyrannus), 412.

— (Zygaena), 335.

oceultans (Mahencyrtus), 157, 158.
ocellata (Nystalea), 233.
ocellatus (Smerinthus), 326, 373.
ochracea (Aphomia), 38.
ocliraceella (Heteromicta), 43.
ochripieta (Problepsis), 432.
ochrochroa (Balaenifrons), 58.
oehrociliella (Garcinoptera), 25.
ochroleueus (Seotteus), 152.
ochropus (Tringa), 455.

— (Totanus), 455.

ochruros (Phoenicurus), 455, 459.
ockendeni (Hyponerita), 479.
Ocneria, 358, 359.
Ocnogyna, 394, 390.
ocularis (Prunella), 460.
Odontelia, 63.
odontella (Aphomia). 40.

— (Mehssoblaptes), 40.
oeconomellus (Mehssoblaptes), 36.
oetakwensis (Cotana), 474.
oenachroa (Lamoria), 50.
Oenantlie, 1,11,16, 45.5, 461.
oenanthe (Oenanthe), 455.
oenopodiata (Semaeopus), 378.
oleinus (Entedon), 217.
olivacea (Cascera), 247, 248.
olivaceofusca (Pachychira), 260.
Oraichlis, 259, 260.

omissa (Baradesa), 258.
Omiza, 307.

omoensia (Anthus), 458.
Omphalophora, 9/2, 52.
onustus (Leodamus), 171.
Onychognathus, 454, 456.
Onycognathus, 456.
oodes (Heteromicta), 21, 43.

— (Hypolophota), 42.
opalistriga (Rhuda), 249.
Opharus, 482.

orana (Ino), 344.

— (Notolophus), 354.

— (Orgyia), 354.

— (Procris), 344, 345.

'520

orana (Zygaemi), 341, 342.

• iranaria (Drepana), 393.

orbktigma (Semaeopus), 383.

Orgyia, 350-5.

oriens (Diacrisea), 482.

orientalis (Francolinu.s), 284, 287, 289, 290.

— (Gallinula), 268, 269, 270.

— (Lirmiris), 238.

— (Perdix), 288.

— (Ptcrocles), 286.

— (Tetrao), 284, 285, 287.
orieatis (Tanaotrichia), 306.
originalia (Euchloe), 82.
ornata (Sympiesomorpha), 209.

— (Tyana), 25.
Ornithospila, 295.
Orthoptera, 399.

orycinus (Sciatherellus), 192, 193.

osea (Cinnyris), 454.

osiria (Hippotion), 332.

Otis, 292.

Otomela, 458.

ovalU (Apella), 262.

ovata (Epicydas), 473.

Pachychira, 260.
Pachycrepis, 185, 186.
Pachygastria, 362-5, 36B.
pachylepidella (Lamoria), 50.
Pachypasa, 370.
Pachyrhamphus, 410.
pachytera (.-iphomia), 43.

— (Het«romicta), 42, 43.
Paidia, 403.

palaestinae (Columba). 455, 462.

palaestinensis (Pachyga.stria), 362, 363.

paleacea (Morpiieis), 56.

Palerisa, 486.

pallasi (Phasiamis), 446, 447, 448, 452.

pallescens (Alectoris), 280.

— (Chloropteryx), 377, 378.

— (RhjTichocyclus), 414.
pallida (Alectxjris), 278, 279, 280.

— (Casoera), 248.

— (Diglossopis), 494.

— (Galerida), 439.

— (Hippolais), 454.

— (Ocnogyna), 395.

— (Perdix), 279.

— (Tagora). 486.
pallidata (Dyspessa), 407.
pallidifascia {Stauropu,s), 244.
pallidiflava (Drugera), 239.
pallidior (Hirundinea), 411, 412.
pallidipascia (Cotana), 469.
pallidipennis (Pseudojana). 487.
palpina (Phalaena), 349.

palpina (Pterostoma), 349.

palumbarius (Accipiter), 275.

palustris (Acrocephalus), 458.

pamphilus (Coenonympha), 119, 120, 322.

panamensi-s (Myrmeciza), 498.

Pandala, 486.

pandaya (Pandala), 486.

panlacroixii (Notolophus), 354, 355.

paphia (Argynnis), 97.

Papilio, 66-70, 73, 77, 87-98, 106-19, 318, 352.

papuana (Ehodoga,stria), 485.

Paracydas, 467, 468.

Paradmeta, 378.

Parageniaspis, 154, 155.

Paralaesthia, 188.

Paralipsa, 37-9.

parallelifascia (Metanastria), 453.

Paranii^tatus, 164-6.

Paranerita, 477-9.

Paraphomia, 19, 37.

Paraphycita, 21, 54.

Pararge, 109, 112, 113,322.

Parasciatheras, 189, 190.

parasitica (Tirathaba), 34.

parasiticus (Melissoblaptes), 34.

Parazanclodcs, 21, 23.

Parazeuxis, 378.

paredra (Problepsis), 312.

Parlsoma, 454, 459.

Parnassius, 319.

Paroxyptera, 19, 27.

parvifrons (Gallinula), 268.

parvimacula (.-intitrj'godes), 307, 308.

parvirostris (Tetrao), 292.

pasiphae (Coenonymplia), 322.

— (Epinephele), 115, 116.

— (Papilio), 116.
Passer. 454, 456, 457.
pauxilla (Gallinula), 269.
pavonia (Phalaena). 373.

— (Saturnia), 371-3.
pechi (Anthocharis), 80.

— (Euchloe), 63, 80, 83, 319.
pelagia (Melanargia), 110, 321.
pelliouella (Tinea), 17, 19.
pellucida (Turuptiana). 484.
Pempelia, 51.

penella (Heterogynis), 346.
percivali (Tschagra), 454.
Percnia, 317.

Perdix, 276, 277, 279, 281-5, 288.
perdix (Perdix), 283, 284.
Pergesa, 331, 332, 409.
perlineosa (Automolis), 480.
peropalinus (Phasicnecus), 492.
persoripta (Casoera), 248.
persious (Phasianus), 449.
perspicuifasoia (Pseudojana), 487.

521

peruanus (Paehyrhamphus), 410.

peruvianus (Rhynchocylus), 415.

petri (Harpya), 346, 347.

petrochroa (Agdistopis), 43, 44.

Petronia, 454.

petrosa (Alectoris), 275.

petrosus (Ptilopachus), 276.

— (Tetrao), 275, 276.

pewzowi (Pliasianus), 447, 451.

Phaenacra, 178, 179.

phaenacroides (Merallus), 179, 180.

phaeopyga (Porzana), 271, 272.

phaeorrhoea (Nygmia), 355, 356.

Phalaeaa, 349, 355-8, 373, 393, 400, 403, 409,

455.
Phalera, 249, 253, 349.
phaleroides (Malocampa), 249.
Pliasianus, 442-52.
Phasicnecus, 491, 492.
Philareta, 109.
philippina (Coenonympha), 322.

— (Epinephele), 115, 116.

— (Melanothrix), 464.
philopalus (Bombyx), 371.

— (Lemonia), 371.
Philoponectroma, 145.
Philydor, 500.
phloeomima (Aphomia), 40.

— (Hypolophota), 40.
phoebe (Melitaea), 98, 99.
phoebearia (Problepsis), 311.
phoenicophila (Streptopelia), 267, 292.
phoenico^ona (Balaenifrons), 58.
phoenicuroides (Lanius), 458.

— (Phoenicurus), 455-9.

— (Ruticilla), 460.
Phoenicunis, 455, 459.
phoenicurus (Phoenicurus), 4G0.
Phoneus, 454, 458.
Phragmatobia, 396, 397.
phragmatoccioides (Turnaea). 257.
Phryganopsis, 401.
Phycitodes, 20, 26, 27.
Phylloscopus, 455.

physadia (Teracolus), 120.
pliysciata (Trygodes), 385. 386.
Picolaptes. 417.
Picrogama, 22, 47, 48.
pieta (Rifargia), 256.
picturata (Cleophana), 63.
piercei (Ergavia), 375. 376.
Pieris, 74, 75. 319.
Pierisphysadia, 120.
pierreti (Ocnogyna), 394.
pigra (Ichthyura). 349.
Pilorhinus, 456.
pinastri (Sphinx), 64, 328.
pityocampa (Phalaena), 349.

pityocampa (Thaumetopoea), 349.
plagosa (Chadisra), 252.

— (Paranerita), 478.
plagosus (Dendrocolaptes), 416.
plana (Diplodesma), 298.
planalis (Lamoria), 51.
planata (Diplodesma), 298.
Planchesia, 410.
platyrhyncha (Anas), 275.
Platyrhynchus, 414, 416.
plenorbis (Problepsis), 309.
pleschanka (Oenanthe), 455.
plesiochora (Rhodostrophia), 306.
Ploceus, 454.

plumbeiplaga (Moresa), 261.
plumbeola (Ilema), 402.
plumbeostrota (Heterophyra), 382.

— (Semaeopus), 382.
plumbolineella (Doloessa), 25.
plusiata (Spatalia), 231.
plusiotis (Omichlis), 259.
Plutodes, 307.
Podagrion, 126, 127.

podalirius (Papilio), 70, 71, 318, 352.

poeodes (Heteromicta), 43.

Polia, 63.

poliocephala (Gallinula), 266.

poliocephalus (Leptopogon), 413.

— (Porphyrio), 266, 267.

■ — (Rhynchocyclus), 414, 415.

Poliospiza, 454.

poliostola (Heteromicta), 43.

polychloros (Vanessa), 62, 94, 95.

Polygonia, 95, 96.

Polynema, 229.

pondicerianus (Francolinus), 287, 288.

— (Tetrao), 287.
Pontia, 75, 89.
poppaea (Berta), .302.

populi (Amorplia), 325. .'326, 332, 373, 409.

— (Sphinx), 326.
porcellus (Metospilus), 331.

— (Pergesa), 331, 3.32, 409.
Porphyrio, 265-7.
porphyrio (Fuliea), 205.

— (Porphyrio), 265.
Porthesia, 355. 356.
Porthetria, 350, 358.
Porzana, 271-4.
postaurantia (Plialera), 253.
postbrunnea (.Arhacia), 238.
postica (Cyllopodn), 391.
postluteella (Metaraphia), 31.
postocliracea (Euchloe), 84.
postpalUda (Lirmiris). 238.

— (Paracydas), 468.
postrasea (Paranerita), 477.
posttriangulum (Rhuda), 2.50.

622

powelli (Chonderostega), 359.

— (Cymbalophora), 398.

— (Euprepia), 399.

— (Holcocerus), 408.

— (Hybocampa), 349.

— (Ichtliyura), 349.

— (Pachypasa), 370.

— (PhragmaUjbia), 396.

— (Pygaera), 349.

— (Satyrus), 62, 104, 321.

— (Trichosoma). 396.

— (Zygaena), 335, 336, 341.
praestans (Zygaena). 342.
prasina (Procris), .34o.
prasinana (Tortrix), 19.
Pra.siuocyma, 296, 428.
Prasinoxena, 20, 23, 24.
priamus (Troide.s), 427.
prieuri (Chazara), 103.

— (Satyrus), 103, 322.
principalis (Phasianu.":). 442, 443, 449.
Prinia, 455.

prisca (Notolopluis), 354.
privativa (Antitrygodes), 307, 308.
proavitella (Aphomia), 55.

— (Archigalleria), 55.
Problepsiodes, 309, 311.
Problep,sis, 309-12, 430-2.
probleptica (Somatina), 429.
probola (Celerena), 293.
procida (Melanargia), 110.
Procris, 337, 343-5.
prodigiosum (Allotriozoon). 124.
prodroma (Celerena), 293.
proemia (Cleora), 435.
proserpina (Melanergon), 467.
— (Proserpina), 332.
Proserpinus, 3.32.
Prosthenia, 22, 48.
Protop.-irce, 59, 60.

protus (Dinarmolaelaps), 172.
proxima (Cliilena), 308.
Prunella, 460.
Pseudacanthis, 454.
pseudamaxia (Eriostepta), 477.
Pseudanastatu.s, 102, 163, 164.
Pseudhemithea, 429.
pseudoacraeina (Melitaea), 102.
Pseudocolaptes, 499. 500.
pseudocomplana (Tirathaba), 33.
pseudofalacra (Halisidota), 482.
Pseudojana, 487.
pseudolibatrix (Omichles), 259.
pseudonymus (Euchloe), 83, 84.
pseudosmerinthus (Antaea), 263.
pseudostrigina (Jana), 487.
Pailacron, 239, 240.
Psilucambogia, 392.

Psilura, 357.

psittacoklla (Prosthenia). 48.

psolopasta (Acara), 49.

Pterocles, 284, 285-7.

Pteromalus, 204.

Pterostoma, 349.

Ptilopacbus, 276.

ptilorliyncha (Xumida), 455.

Ptocliopliyle, 313, 433.

Ptychopoda, 389, 390.

pubescens (AlectorLs), 278, 280, 281.

pudens (Ocnogyna), 395.

— (Trichosoma), 395.
pudica (Bombyx), 398.

— (Cymbalopliora), 39S.
pulchella (Phalaena), 400.

— (Sympiesomorplia), 210.

— (Utetheisa), 400.
pulcheria (Naprepa), 231.
pulchricolor (Melanothrix), 463, 464, 465.
pulverea (Anerastidia), 28.
pulverimargo (Clirysocraspeda), 313.
punctata (Dyasia), 236.

— (Dysauxes), 345.

— (Semaeopus), 383.
p\inctatus (Erionotus), 496.

— (Lanius), 496.

— (Thamnophilus), 496, 497.
puncticollis (Dendrocolaptes), 417.
punctimaculata (Percnia), 317.
punica (Melitaea), 98.
puntigera (Parazeuxis), 378.
purpurascens (Stauiopus), 242.
purpurella (Tirathaba), 34.
piirpureoplaga (Semaeopus), 385.
purpureotincta (Cathayia), 46.
pustulata (Morplieis), 56.
Pycnonotus, 267, 292, 4.55, 461. 462.
Pygaera, 349.

pygmeola (Ilema), 402.
Pyralis, 403, 404.
Pyrameis, 93, 94, 321.
pyrenaica (Apantesis), 438.
pyri (Saturnia), 372.
pyrina (Plialaena), 409.
— (Zeuzera), 409.
pyrrha (Cargida), 232.
Pyrrhochcira, 456.
pyrrhogona (Pyrrhorachis), 305.
Pyrrhorachis, 305.
pyrrhorhoa (Gallinula), 209.

Racheospila, 376, 377.

Rachistus, 228.

radiata (Melanothrix), 463, 4C4, 465.

Rallus, 271, 273.

rapae (Ganoris), 74.

623

rapae (Pieris), 74, 319.
raphani (Leueochloe), 75, 76.
reducta (Automolis), 480.

— (Hemithea), 297.
reibellii (Hypopta), 406.
reichenowi (Pycnonotus), 455, 461, 462.
regis (Troides), 427.

remipedalis (Acracona), 30.
repanda (Bombyx), 370.

— (Pachypasa), 370.

— (Taragama), 371.
revayana (Sarrothripus), 404.

— (Tortrix), 404.
rhabdota (lodis), 300.
Rhadinomphax, 429.
rhamni (Ganoris), 75.

— (Gonepteryx), 91, 320.
Rhectophlebia, 20, 27.
rhingiaeformis (Se.sia), 350, 352.
Rhodogastria, 485.
rhodoneura {Aneia.stidia), 28.
I'hodoptera (Haplojana), 489.
Rhodostrophia, 300.

Rhuda, 249, 250.
Rhynchocyclus, 414-16.
ridgwayi (Xenops), 417, 418.
Rifargia, 254-6.
Riparia, 455.
ritsimae (Crinodes), 235.
rivularis (Cymbalophora), 399.
Robinsonia, 475.
roboraria (Boarmia), 315, 316.
Roeselia, 404.
romana (Euchloe), 81.
romanides (Euchloe), 81.
rondelaria (Sabaria), 316.
rosea (Pbaaicnecus), 491.
ro.seata (Jana), 487.
roseilinea (Ethopia), 31, 32.
roseivena (Ergavia), 376.
rosella (Aphomia), 39.

— (Tirathaba), 39.

— (Zatrephes), 476.
Rosema, 261.

rosenbergi (Xiphorhynchus), 419.
roseobrunnea (Haplojana), 489.
rosseliana (Cotana), 471, 472.
rubea (Ocneria), 358.

— (Phalaena), 358.
ruberrima (Hemijana), 490.
rubi (Macrothylacia), 369.

— (Metanastria), 453.
rubicola (Motacilla), 460.

— (Saxicola), 455, 460, 461.
rubicunda (Antiptilotis), 35.
rubida (Dysephyra), 378.

— (Semaeopus), 383.
rubiginosus (Rallus), 271.

rubra (C'artaletis^, 428.

— (Perdix), 279.

rubrella (Omphalophora), 52.
rubrescens (Cotana), 473, 474.
rubrimargo (Hemistola), 300.
rubrosignata (Paranerita), 479.
rufeola (Apaidia), 403.

— (Lithosia), 403.
rufeseens (Dipara), 180.

— (Stauropus), 244.
rufibarba (Estrilda), 454.
ruficostella (Lamoria), 51.
rufinella (Aphomia), .38.
rufipennis (Myiozetetes), 412, 413.
rufitarsus (Rhodogastria), 485.
rufivena (Lamoria), 33.

— (Tirathaba), 33.
rufobrunnea (Tarsolepis), 252.
rufocinerea (Monticola), 455, 459.

— (Saxicola), 459.
rufocinnamomia (Hapigia), 263.
rufoseriata (Racheospila), 376.
rufovenalis (MelLs.soblaptes), 33.
rufula (Hiruudo), 455.
rufulus (Anthus), 454, 458.
rumina (Thais), 71, 72, 318.
nipestris (Riparia), 455.

— (Tetrao), 292.
ruptilinea (Lamoria), 33.
rustica (Hirundo), 455.
rusticola (Scolopax), 437.
Ruticilla, 400.

rutilus (Xenops), 418.

Sabaria, 316.
sabella (Arenipses), 36.
sabourodi (Anydrophila), 64.
sabulosa (Anumela), 63.
saccharina (Eldana), 29.
saehaUnensis (Tetrao), 292.
saharae (Dyspessa), 406.

— (Papilio), 69, 70, 318.
sandvicensis (Gallinula), 269.
sanguinipuncta (Metallochlora), 296, 297.
saphiroi (Anthus), 458.
sapo7hnikovi (Melissoblaptes), 39.
sarcodes (Callionyma), 26.

— (Eucallionyma), 26.
sarpedon (Zygaena), 334, 336.
Sarrothripus, 404.
sarudnyi (Francolinus), 289.
satis bona (Cotana), 471.
satisfacta (Metallochlora), 296, 297.
Batrapa (Tyrannus), 412.
Batscheuensis (Phasianus), 449, 452.
saturata (Digjossopis), 494.
Saturnia, 371-3.

524

Satyrus, 62, 102-9, 114, 117, 321, 322.
aauberi (Hornigia), 48.
saxatilis (Alectoris), 277.

— (Caceabis). 275. 277.
Saxicola, 10. 11, 16, 455, 460, 461.
Scalmicauda, 260.

schausi (Crinodes), 235.

sohensinensis (Phasianus), 447, 451.

achimperi (Columba), 462.

Schistotheca, 22, 49, 50.

SchoenobioUes, 21, 57.

schwarzi (Euryrhopalu.s), 149.

Sciatheras, 188.

Seiatherelhis, 189, 192, 193.

Sciatherodes, 188, 189.

sclateri (Monticola), 455, 459.

■ — (Rhynchocyclus), 415.

Sclateria, 499.

Scoliopteryx. 259.

Scolopax, 437.

Scopula, 312.

Scotocerca, 455.

Scotteus, 151, 152.

scriptaria (Eupithecia), 433, 434.

sebdouensis (Notolophus), 355.

— (Orgyia), 355.
sebertianus (Sycoryctes), 126.
seilerni (Dendrocolaptcs), 41".
Seirarctia, 483.

seitzi (Argynnis), 96, 321.

— (Pachygastria), 364.
seleniaca (Notolophus), 353.
Semaeopus, 378-85.

semele (Eumenis), 103, 104, 109.

— (Satyrus), 103, 104, 322.
semenowi (Emberiza), 454.
semicaeca (Semaeopus), 379.
semicaerulea (Halcyon), 455.
Seraidalis, 151.
semifoedalis (Botys), 34.

— (Tirathaba), 34.
semiochrea (Cleora). 315.
semitorquatus (Phasianus), 450, 451.
semperi (Melanothrix), 465.
senator (Lanius), 454, 458.
senegalensis (Streptopelia), 267, 292. 4.55.
senegalus (Telephonus), 292.

Senta, 37.

septentrionalis (Phasianus), 442, 449.
sequestrata (Episothalma), 297.
sericeus (Psilacron), 239.

— (Tarsolepis), 252.
Serinus, 454.
seriziati (Zygaena), 337.
serrula (Bombyx), 362.

— (Pachygastria), 362, 363, 366.
servula (Dysauxes), 345.

— (Noolia), 345.

Sesia, 350, 352.

setakwensis (Cotana), 472.
setophagoides (Elainea). 494, 495.
seychellcnse (Allotrizoon), 123, 124.

— (Polynema), 229.
sliawi (Phasianus), 450.
shevaroyensis (Apona), 487.
sigillata (Semaeopus), 384.
signatoria (Ocneria), 358.
sikkimensis (Stauropus). 245.
silhouettae (Gonatoeerus), 228.
silvestrii (Crossogaster), 126.
similinotata (Problepsis), 431.
similis (Antaxia), 479.

— (Anthus), 458.

— (Phasicnecus), 491.

— (Porthesia), 355.
simiUima (Rhodogastria), 485.
simulatrix (Diplura). 361, 362.
sinaica (Alectoris), 278, 279.
sinensis (Apona), 486.

— (Palerisa), 486.

— (Rhodostrophia), 306.
smaragdonotus (Porphyrio), 265.
smerintha (Morpheis), 56.

— (Myelobia), 56.
Smerinthus. 325, 326, 373.
Bociella (Aphomia), 37, 38.

— (MeHa), 37.

— (Meliana), 37.

— (Senta), 37.

— (Tinea), 17, 19,37,38,5'.
sodalis (Chalcis). 122. 128, 129.
sohokhotensis (Phasianus), 451.
sokotrae (Anthus), 457, 458.
solida (Prasinocyma), 296.
solitarius (Monticola), 455.
Somabrachys, 394.
Somatina, 306, 385, 429, 430.
sommeri (Tarsolepis), 252.
sordida (Automolis), 480.

— (Chilena), 368.

— (Seirarctia), 483.
sordidella (Aphomia). 40.

— (Gyrtona). 40.

sordidior (Lambessa), 365. 366. 307.
sordidula (Ilema), 402.

— (J.ithosia). 402.

sordidus (Anthus), 454, 4,57, 458.
soricis (Haplojana), 489.
soror (Automolis), 481.

— (Procris), 343.
Spalangia, 188, 194, 195.
Spatalia, 231.

spatzi (Alectoris), 277.
Sphegigastrella, 183, 184.
sphenurus (Accipiter). 456.

— (Astur). 455.

626

Sphinctocera, 17,23,55.
Sphinx, 19, 64, 325-32.
spliyrus (Papilio), 67.
spilopterus (Pachycrepis), 185, 186.
Spilosoma, 395.
splendida (.\crojana), 492.

— (Notolopluis), 350, 351-4.
spoliatrix (Aphomia), 38.
squalida (Celama), 403.

— (Nola), 403.
squalidaria (Sabaria), 316.
squamicep.s (Argya), 455.

— (Crateropus), 455.
Stagnicola, 268.
stapazina (Saxioola), 10, 16.
Statia, 22, 26.

statilinus (Satyrus), 104, 108.
staudingeri (Amorpha), .326.

— (Bombyx), 367.

— (Lambesf-a) 365, 366-368.

— (Zygaena), 333, 336.
Staunipus, 241-6.
steinbachi (Rifargia), 255.

— (Turuptiana), 484.
stellatanim (Macroglossum), 331, 332.

— (Sphinx), 331.
Stenachroia, 20, 28, 29.
Stenelachistus, 201-3.
Stenomesioideus, 201.
stenopepla (Aphomia), 39.

— (ParaUpsa), 39.

stictococci (Tetrastichus), 212, 224.
stigmaria (Ergavia), 376.
stigmatica (Dyasia), 236.

— (Trichomoplata), 241.
Stilbula. 121, 141, 142.

strauchi (Phasianu.s), 445, 446, 447, 451.
streperus (Acrocephalus), 455, 458.
StreptopeUa, 267, 292, 455.
striata (Acara), 57.

— (Chadisra), 252.

— (Galerida), 439.

— (Muscicapa), 455.

— (Schoenobiodes), 57.
striaticeps (Pseudocolaptes), 499.
strigata (Hoplitis), 250.
strigina (Jana), 487.
sti'igularia (Omiza), 307.

— (Plutodes), 307.
striolata (Crinodes), 235.
suavis (Dyspessa), 406, 407.
subaequahs (Antitrygode.s), 308.
subaurata (Episothalma). 297.
subchlamydula (Celama), 403.

— (Nola), 403.
suberifoha (Epicnaptera), 370.

— (Lasiocampa), 370.
subexpressa (Diplodesma), 298.

subflavida (Hemithea), 297.
subgaudiahs (Neritos), 479.
subjunctiva (Problepsis), 309.
subleprosa (Hypodoxa), 293.
sublineata (Automolis). 480.
subpallida (Alectoris), 280.
subpallidus (Caccabis), 280.
subradiatus (Thamnophilus), 497, 498.
subreetistriga (Berta), 302.
subrufescens (Chloropteryx). 377, 378.
subrufula (Antiora), 232.
.subrugosa (Semaeopus), 380.
subscriptaria (Eupithecia), 433.
subterra (Elysius), 481.
succinota (Ornithospila), 295.
siiehschanensis (Phasianus), 451.
sufiusa (Epimorius), 45.
suffusus (Epimorius), 45.
sulphurescens (Platyrhynchus), 414.

— (Rhynchocyclus), 414-16.
superans (Problepsis), 309.
superba (Elysius), 481.
superciliaris (Leptopogon), 413, 414.

— (Platyrhynchus), 416.
superciliosus (Centropus), 455.
swainsoni (Myrmeciza), 498.
swinhoei (Cyanopica), 493.
Sycoryctes, 126.

sylivicola (Satyrus), 321.

syllius (Melanargia), 110, 111, 321.

Sylvia, 454, 459.

.sylvicola (Satyrus), 104, 105, 106.

Symphycus. 149, 150.

Sympiesidum, 206.

Sympiesis, 204, 205.

Sympiesomorpha, 208-10.

SynaUaxis, 498.

Syntomosphyrum, 225.

syra (C'erura), 347.

syracusia (Zygaena), 337, 338.

tacanovella (Coleoneura), 32.

Tachida, 235.

tagis (Anthocharis), 84.

— (Euchloe), 63, 80, 83, 319.

Tagora, 486.

tahapisi (Emberiza), 454, 457.

taUschensis (Phasianus), 442, 449.

Tanaotriohia, 306.

Taragama, 371.

tardinata (Galerida), 454.

tarimensis (Phasianus), 449, 451.

Tareolepis, 252.

taurica (Euchloe), 81, 82.

Tchitrea, 455, 462.

Telephonus, 267, 292.

tenebrosa (Eragisa), 234.

526

tenebrosus (Melissoblaptes), 38.

tenuicornis (Procris), 344, 345.

tenuifascia (Automolis), 481.

tenuilinea (Metalloclilora), 296.

tenuirostris (Xenops), 41S.

Teracolus, 64, 75, 77, 88, 89, 120, 320.

terebra (Cossus), 254.

terebrator (Podagrion), 126, 127.

terebroides (Rifargia), 254.

tergilinea (Semaeopus), 384.

ter-meuleni (Ammoperdix), 281, 282.

terra (Elj-sius), 481.

terrenella (Aphomia), 39.

tessalensis (Epinephele), 115, 116.

testaceella (Epimorius), 45.

testaceitar.sis (Hockeria), 121, 122, 132.

testudo (Vanessa), 62.

Tetrao, 275, 276, 284, 285-7, 292.

Tetrastichus. 122, 212-24, 217, 220, 224.

Thagora, 25.

Thais, 71, 72, 312.

Thalassode,s, 296.

Thalerura, 295.

Thamnophilus, 496-8.

Thaumetopoea, 349.

theioneurus (Tetrastichus), 212, 215, 216.

Theoculax, 189.

theryi (Zygaena), 63, 342. 343.

thetis (Papilio), 110.

thevestis (Zygaena), 333, 337.

thornei (Francolinus), 290, 291.

thrysoides (Coenonympha), 119.

tigelius (Pararge), 322.

Tinea, 17. 37-9, 44. 51-3.

tingitana (Chonderostega), 359.

tingitanus (Asicj), 267, 292.

Tirathaba, 21, 32-5, 39.

tityus (Haemorrhagia), 332.

— (Sphinx), 332.
Tlema, 401.

tobagensis (Thamnophihis), 497, 498.
Tortrix, 19, 404.
togatulalia (Pyralis), 404.

— (Roeselia), 404.

torquata (Saxicola), 455, 460, 461.

torquatus (Phasianus), 445, 446, 447, 448, 452.

Totanus, 455.

Trachylepidia, 20, 36, 37.

tranquilla (Prasinocyma), 428.

transiens (Notolophus), 355.

— (Orgyia), 355.
transilineella (Corcyra), 36.
translucida (Paranerita), 478.
triangula (Euchloe), 81.
tribunella (Tinea), 38.
Tricentra, 387, 388.
trichogramma (Coloeneura), 32.

— (Hetcromiota), 32.

triohogramma (Tirathaba), 32.
Trichomoptata, 240, 241.
trichops (Syntomosphyrum), 225.
Tricliosoma, 352. 394-6.
trichotum (Sciatheram). 188.
tricolor (Aximopsis), 141.
trifolii(Bombyx), 365.

— (Pachygastria), 363, 364, 365.

— (Zygaena), 332, 333, 338.
triformis (Crossogaster), 126.
trigotephras (Notolophus), 354, 355.

— (Orgyia), 355.
trinacriae (Euchloe), 81.
Tringa, 455.
trinitatis (Elaenia), 411.

— (Sclateria), 499.
tripartitella (Aphomia), 43.

— (Heteromicta), 43.
triplagosus (Stauropus), 243.
tristrami (Hagiopsar), 454.

— (Onychognathus), 454, 456.
tristriatus (Francolinus), 288.
trivialis (Anthus), 454.
Troides, 426, 427.
Tropidogastra, 179.
truncata (Lirmiris), 237.
Trygodes, 378, 385-7.
trygodata (Semaeopus), 378.
Tschagra, 454.

tschardjuensis (Phasianus), 443, 444, 450.

Tugela, 50, 51.

tuisa (Rhuda), 250.

tunetanus (Hepialus), 405.

turatii (Euchloe). 81.

turbata (Nobilia), 307, 308.

turcestanicus (Phasianus), 449, 451.

turcica (Notolophus), 353, 354.

Turdus, 455.

turgescens (Pyrrhorachis), 305.

Turnaca, 257, 258.

turneri (Hypercydas), 473.

Turuptiana, 483, 484.

Tyana, 25.

Tympanophora, 399.

Tyrannula, 410.

Tyrannus, 412.

tyrianthina (Dysphania), 294.

ulala (Dyspessa), 406, 407.
umbripennis (Notolophus), 353.

— (Orgyia), 353.
umbrovirens (Cryptolopha), 455.
uncinula (Drepana), 393.

— (Phalaena), 393.
underwoodi (Elysius), 481.
undulata (Bombyx), 363.

— (Pachygastria), 362, 363.

527

unicolor (Aphomia), 40.

— (Hombergia), 58.

— (Melisaoblaptes), 40.
unicolorella (Mucialla). 35.

— (Tirathaba). 35.
uniformis (Casaina), 359.

— (Ocneria). 359.
uniola (Ilema), 401.

— (Lithosia), 401.
iinipimcta (Phryganopsis), 401.
unirufa (Synalla.xi.s), 498.
unistrigata (Cotana), 472.

— (Nerricumpressa), 473.
Uriella. 179.

urooera (Cerura), 34S.

— (Dicranuia), 348.
urogalloide-s (Tetrao). ^92.
urogallus (Tetrao), 292.
uropygialis (Serinus). 454.
urvilleanus (Troides), 427.
ussuriiu'ia (Diplodesma), 29S.
u.ssuriensis (Phasianus), 44S, 4.52.
Utetlieisa, 400.

vaaleiisis (Antlius), 45S.
valentiiii (Zygaena), 333. 335.
validiLs (DendrocolapU'.n), 41lj, 4 17.
vallantini (Bombyx), 371.

— (Lemonia), 371.
Vanessa. 62, 94, 95, 321.
variegata (Cascera), 248.

— (Cotaua). 470.

— (Embryoglossa), 54. 55.

— (Hemijana), 490.

— (Jana), 488.
variegatella (Aphomia), 41.

— (Melissoblapte.-i), 41.
variegaticep.s (Tliaranophilus), 497.
variifrons (Racheo.spila), 377.
varioatigma (Discoglj'pha), 307.
vaucheri (Coenonympha), 120.

— (Lasiocampa), 363, 364.

— (Pachygastria), 363, 364.
vaulogeri (DyBpe.ssa), 400.

— (Hypopta), 400.
vehuinella (^legarthria). 54.
veiiezuelea.'iis (Leptopogon), 413.
veninotata (Gelasma), 295.
ventralis (Enoyrtus), 153.
venturii (Ergavia), 376.
vernetensis (Zygaena), 334, 336.
versicolor (Phasianus), 449, 452.
Vespa, 17.

vesjiertilio (Celcrio), 332.
vestalis (Protiiparoe), 59, 60.

— (Somatjna). 431.1,

vestita (Semaeopiw), 383, 384.
3C

Teterum (Porphyrio). 266.
Viana, 492.

victoriae (Troides), 427.
vidua (Melanergon), 467.
viduus (Geniaspidius), 155-0.
villica (Arctia). 397, 398, 409.

— (Chelonia), 397, 398.
vinacearia (Rhodostrophia), 30li.
Vinago, 455.

Vindana, 53.

vineteella (Paraphomia), 37.

vinotincta (Aphomia), 39.

— (iIelis.sobIapte.s), 39.
vinula (Dicramira), 348, 373.
violaceu.s (Paranastatus), 105, 100.
virago (Lambessa), 300, 367.
viren.s (Cascera), 247.

virescens (Lamoria), 52.

— (Notoglyptus). 181, 182,
virgatus (Accipiler), 273.
virginalis (Somatina), 430.
virgo (Chilena), 368, 369.
vindana (Tortri.x), 19.
viridi (Pulica), 265.
viridinitens (Stauropui-), 242.
viridiplaga (Semaeopus), 379.
viridij)lena (Trygodes), 386.
viridis (Doloessa), 25.

— (Pachyrliamphus), 410.

— (Tohitrea), 455, 402.
viridissima (Prasinoxena), 24.
viridogrisea (Stauropu,s), 243.
vitrina (Zygaena), 333, 336, 337.
Vobrix, 44.

vlangalii (Pliasianus), 446, 452.
vulgaris (Francolinus), 288.

— (Problepsis), 310, 311, 312.

waalia (Vinago), 455.
warionis (Albarraciiia), 359.

— (Bombyx), 359.

werae (Alectoris), 278, 279.
wiglesworthi (Authreptes), 323.
Tiiika (Hemithea), 298.

xantliomelaena (Oeuanthe), 1. 10.
xanthomelas (Melanothrix), 463, 400.

— (Vanessa), 95.
xanthopus (Zeteticontus), 140.
xanthupygos (Pycnonotus), 455, 401, 462.
xanthorroea (Euproctis), 357.

— (Nygmia), 357.
xanthodeta (Ptychopoda), 390.
Xenopt^, 417, 41S.
Xenostigma, 378.
Xiphorhynchus, 419.
xyloryctella (Prostlicuia). 48.

528

xynUi (lodis), 301.

yemenensis (Cryptolopha), 455.

— (Lanius), 458.

— (Ocnanthe), 455, 4G1.

— (Prinia), 455.

— (Pseudacanthis), 454.
yemensis (Argya), 455.

— (Grateropus), 455.
yerburyi (Cercomela), 4BI.

Zapornia, 271, 272.

zarudnyi (Phasianus), 443, 444, 445, 4oU.

Zatrephes, 476.

zenkeri (Anthus), 458.

ZeteticontuB, 14(3. 147.

zetterstedtii (Habi-olepido), 157.

Zeuzera. 409.

zeuzeroides (Nystalua), 233.

Zosterops, 454.

zuleika (Zygaena), Ij4.

zuleima (Zygaena), 334.

Zygaena, 62, 63, 04, 332-43.

zygophy.\ia (Berta), 302.

Friiucd by Hazell, WatiQti ifr Vincij, Ld., London and Ayleshunj.

s

L b^

EXPLANATIONS OF PLATE IV.

No. 1 . Gargelta albostigmata Rotlisch. (Cargetta in text, err.

2. Hapigiodes Jclagesi Rothsch. - _ . .

3. Oniichlis plusiotis Rothsch.

4. Bardaxiyna castayieobrunnea Rothsch.

5. Lirimiris euribya Druce

6. Moresa hieroglyphica Rothsch. -

7. Hoplitis insignifica Rothsch.

8. Rijargia biplaga Rothsch.

9. Trichomoplata dimorpha Rothsch. $

10. Lirimiris elongata Schaus ? - -

11. ,, ,, orientalis Rothsch. 3

12. Gargetia bipuncta Rothsch. {Cargetta iii text, err.)

13. Lirimiris lemoulti Rothsch.

14. Macronadata brunnea Rothsch. -

15. Brachychira olivaceofusca Rothsch. {Pachychira in text, err

16. Tarsolepis japonica WUeman

. p.

256

- p-

264

. p.

259

- p-

234

. p.

237

- p-

261

. p.

250

- p-

254

. p.

240

- p-

237

. p.

238

- p-

257

. p.

237

- p-

259

t, err.) p.

260

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