UMASS/AMHERST * f r . 31 2066 0326 7438 4 -^^f -/l ^ MASSACHUSETTS STATE COLLEGE GOODELL LIBRARY c PER SB 401 A23 \f I This book may l)e kejit out TWO WFEKS only, and is subject to a line of r\VC> CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the dav indicated below. .^ .^V '^^ -^W. .^^ •'*bv .^>v ."^V '^V -^ As /ft /ft /ft /ft /ft /ft /ft /ft /»s TliCMUT-QROWC Devoted to the Interests of The Southern Nut-Growers' Association VOLUME I. AUGUST flQO.2. NUMBER «. 1^ ^f/ v»/ w \f/ 'if? 'if/ ^ Georgia Giant Pecan Tree, Grown by G.M. Bacon, DeWitI Ga. W/ p Q.r TI-IE NUT-OROWER. Budded and Grafted Pecans. THE GENUINE ARTICLE. r^arpfest stock of well-known varieties in the South, ainono- them are CEN- TENNIAL, COLUMBIA, FRATCHERS, STUART and VAN DEMAN. After several years of experimental work, we have a system of BuHding- and drafting- pecans which is quite successful, and enables us to offer this season a larg'e stock of trees at moderate prices. DO NOT PLANT SEEDLINGS. They ai-e no better than a seedling- app^e or peach orchard, as compared with budded trees. Some Nurseries still offer and recommend seedlings. Probably the}' have been unsuccessful with budding, and have nothing better to offer. Budded trees bear full and regular crops at .5 to 6 years'; seedling trees at 8 to 12 years. WHICH WILL PAV BEST? We also grow a g-eneral line of Nursery stock for the South. Send for large illustrated catalog free. THE GRIFFINQ BROS. CO., POMOM NURSERIES, General Offices: JACKSONVILLE, FLA. References: The Commercial Agencies. e Of I^ouisiana, Is the largest grower of fine i^ecans in the State. The Louisiana pecans are the finest in the world. So say tlie big dealers in nuts in New York City, Boston, Philadelphia and New Orleans. They sell for a higher price than any others. Mr. James has the largest bear- ing pecan grove in the world ; also a full line of pecan nursery stock, including grafted trees of the finest var- ieties. If you wish to know anything about him write to the American National Bank of Vicksburg, Miss., or to the Louisiana Experiment Station, Audubon Park, New Orleans, La. Beware of buying pecan trees from parties you know nothing about. Devoted to the Interests of The Southern rSut-Growers' Association VOLLJME I. AUGUST I902. NUMBER I. I UNSCRUPULOUS DEALERS. I % BY HERBERT C. WHITE. % It will soon be time for order- cuts are made as deep as they ing pecan and other nut trees for would have to be in "genuine bud- tlie cominiT fall and winter ding, deep enough for bark to be planting. The greatest possible easily detatched, some slight in- care should be taken to buy jury is more than apt to occur in trees, Nvhether seedling, budded places to the alburnum, or outer or grafted, from reliable men layer of sap wood on seedling Avho do not misrepresent matters, tree. Under these circumstances, The possibilities of pi-acticing even by cutting a longitudinal fraud with nut trees, especially section through the "budded" pecans, (in so far as budding and portion of the tree for examina- grafting are concerned) are so tion purposes, it is doubtful if in great that several unscrupulous all cases it be possible to tell parties, for several seasons past whether the tree is faked or not. have been selling "faked" trees, It would be a comparatively representing them as budded or easy matter for a person familiar grafted, according to the partic- with budding and grafting m all ular style of deception. its details, to detect fake buds or It is the easiest possible matter grafts within several weeks of the to so cut the bark of a common work being done and while trees seedling tree, during the spring stood in nursery rows, as some and summer months, that it will little time must elapse before the have every appearance by the "chit," or eye, of transplanted fall of being budded or grafted, bud form a good union with wood If the work is well done (?) an of seedling tree, notwithstanding expert can hardly tell that the the "heart to heart" theory ad- fake work is not genuine, at all vanced by one vender of fake events not without destroying trees. A practiced eye can tell the tree ; and even then it may at a glance the growth from a be impossible to tell, for if the genuine bud while trees are in $LS(pl*f- THE INUT-GROWER. nursery rows, especially during culture to the risks they run in the lirst season. l:)uyiner- ed trees that have been properly ience in transplanting nursery- managed; tliat have been root raised pecan trees has been en- pruned or transplanted every tirely satisfactory. The pecan two years while growing in the tree has been no more difficult to nursery. Transplanting from transplant than the pear under the forest or from deep alluvial similar circumstances. In fact, or clayish soils, where but few our percentage of loss from trans- lateral or fibrous roots are devel- planting has been less with the oped, would of course, be atteiid- pecaii than with the pear. Wg ed with general unsatisfactory speak wholly of the nursery-rais- results, and so would it be with (Continued on Fifth Page.) THE INUT-GROWER. TMB Mr. 8ain. H. James, of Louis- f^ LI^ — C~i r*OWGr* lana, has contributed an interest- ini; article to The Nut-Grower, „ ,,. , T . ,, ~ ; fn^u ^ IT which will appear in the Septeni- ruDlished in the interests of Ihe South- ern Niit-Clrowers' Association. '^^^ niunnei. Advertising Rates: Special care has been taken in 1 inch 1 time 81.00 1 inch 3 times $3.50 selecting advertisements lor thi& ^i pag-e I " 3.00 J4 pag-e 3 '' 7..50 issue of The Nut-Grower and K pag^ 1 " 5.50 K pag-e 3 " 13.75 the same policy will he adhered 1 page 1 - 10.00 1 page 3 - 25.00 ^^, j,, ^^j^^,^.^, nnml)ers. Address all communications to THE Nut-foods are attrartin- much NUT-GROWER, Poulan. Ga. .. .• , i rv. „ attention tliese days. Ihere is a From President Bacon. ^'de field for development in Honored as President of the this line, which the Nut-Growers' newly - formed Southern Nut- Association wiljjncoura-e. Growers' Association, it is my Mr. Nelson Tift, of Albany, pleasure and privilege to solicit lays claim to the oldest and larg- the support of all parties interest- est pecan tree in South Georgia, ed in the subject of nut-culture He has promised figures and in the South. Our Association ^.^les for a subsequent issue, can be of great mutual benefit if '^' properly supported. It is hoped l^eaders of The Nut-(^rower there will be a large attendance will be interested in an article at our first annual convention in by the late Col. W. K. Stewart, Macon, at or about the time of ^^''"''^ ^^'^^ prepared m 1891 for the Farmers' National Con-ress. ^^^^ Mississippi Horticultural So- While pecans are now theprin- ^"^^^>'- ^^ '''^^ ='PP*^'^^' '" ^^'^' ^^P" cipal nut grown in the South, we ^^"^^^^^'" inimber^f this journal, do not wish to narrow ourselves peanut butter is already on to this nut alone and for this the market. A New York cor- reason there is much scope for us respondent wants to know if but- in scientific investigation of oth- ter has been made from pecan ernut bearing trees. ^ It is hoped nuts. A f«jw days ago a grower that The Nut-Grower may be i„ the South enquired how the continued indefinitely, but as oil of this nut might be put up to there is expense attached to it, advantage. Possibly some one we will need practical support «an connect tliese two inquiries from those to be l)enefited. j,, a substantial and profitable DeWitt, (ia. G. M. Bacon. wav. THB NUT-GRO-kVER. The Coming Convention. journal there is no question, but Tiie Committee on Proiirani is as to its support the convention now busily at work. It is com- will have to determine. posed of H. 0. White, Norwood -%- Robson,G. M.Bacon, J. F. Wil- The New Orleans Progressive son, Geo. Ketchum. l''ii'"i ^^i" ''<' heard from at the -^, convention. Their invitation to The several committees will hold the next convention in that rei)ort progress and arraiiiiements city is a cordial and earnest one in the 'September issue of The and doubtless will be ably i)ress- Kut-Grower and final arrange- ed at the Macon ineeting. ments in the October number, -^, which will appear promptly on Orlando, Fla., made a strong the first of the month. bid for the first convention and '^' will doubtless renew and press Several important committees ^j^^ cdainis of Florida in genera), were appointed at the Macon and Orlando in particular, for an meeting to report at the conven- g.^j.|^, meeting in that state, tion. -^^ On Constitution and By-laws: Messrs. Bacon, Wilson and Geo. Ketchum, R. J. Redding, White were made a temporary H. D. Smith, H. M. Mcintosh, committee on new memljers. Herbert C. White. This com- xpan^^p,an^ng Pecans. mittee was instructed to make ,,, ^. , ,. m • i i. \ . . „ , ,. (('ontmued t"om llnrd lai;e.) provision for several standing committees, such as Wavs and ' "^ P^'^^- Means, New Members, Standard ^^'^^ '''^''^'^ "«^ '^^^^^ recurred t . of Excellence, Fraudulent Oper- ^^^'^ experience of ours, but for ations. etc. ^'*^ prevailing idea which has .^^ been calculated to deter many The Nut-Grower for August, experienced cultivators from September and October has a plantiuii' out trees of what we distinctive mission, in preparing consider the luost profital)le fruit for the convention to be held at tree in cultivation. And we Macon, October 6. There are in- would here enter our protest to dications and prospects which the prevailing opinion as to the point toward its being made a extreme tardiness with which the permanent feature of the Associ- pecan comes into bearinu'. Prop- ation's work. As to the benefits erly transplanted and cared for, the industry would receive from pecan trees will come into proiit- a regular and carefully published able bearing in from ten to twelve THE INUT-GROWER. years; many in seven or eiglit years after setting out. There are a number of fruit trees that will not do better. better From R. J. Redding. Georgia Experiment Station, Experiment, Ga. Aug. 4, 1902. Mr. J. F. Wilson, Sec'y. Sou, Nut-Growers' Ass'n., Poulan, Ga. My Dear Sir : I iiave yours of the 80th \ilt. and note what you say in re- gard to getting out tlie first issue of your "Nut-Grower,"' al)()ut Augnst 10th. I congratulate you upon the indications of success in the undertaking that you liave so closely at heart. I am of the opiinon that an or- ganization of the Nut-Growers of the South cannot be otherwise than productive of the "greatest good to the greatest number." My own experience as well as ob- servation leads me to say that the knowledge in regard to "nut-cul- ture" and especially in regard to pecan culture, is now in a chaotic or unsettled condition. , If the nut-growers who are sincere in their desire to develop this indus- try will come together in a spirit of sincerity and honesty of pur- pose, and freely intercJiange ideas and information, the result would be of great service, not on- ly to members of the Association and those who may be called pro- fessional nurserymen ; but also to the country at large. The in- formation that is now floating around in the newspapers of the country is of very doubtful auth- enticity. We want something authorative, especially in regard to pecan culture. We know that there have been frauds and fakes in the business, and the names of these exploiters are known and they can he kept out of an Association of honest, upright and conscientious grow- ers and nurseryiuen. You Jiave my hearty lioodwisli- es and co-operation. I am. Very Truly, k. J. Kedding, NUTS FOR PROFIT, 158 Pages. 60 llJustrations. On Propcio-ation. Cultivation, flc, of NiUs bi'st adapted to vari-<-^ :Hid has allowed me to cut crown his eli'orts. Where per- '>ut an objectionable tree when sons have aujijle means a good it became necessary. Any per- THE NUT-OROWER. s(in of ftivl inn ry skill can le:i I'll to not |)ut it so closi' to tlie roots do his own huddini;-. This is dif- that it will burn thoni. Any f( *- I'erent from the buddiniz: of fruit tilizer that will do for corn )V trees. The Louisiana Experiment cottmi will do for the ])ecan. N :)vv Station, at Baton Kouii;e, La., is please do not write and ask Mie iiettiuii out a ])ecan circular if this or that fertilizer will ;■(> which will tell how this is done for the pecan. Just ask some id and it is quite i)ro!)al)le that any fanner if it will do for corn or one interested in this matter can cotton, and if he says "yes" tiien i;et one by writini:'. you ma i'uow it will suit i>e- The third essential to success cans. ; 'o not. think you will i;:et is good cultivation and fertiliza- a peca:: .rove without pain :!:id tion. riant your grove in cott(ui labor. '< does not come H;at until the trees get large ent)ngh way, ,t if you are willing to to shade the ground. Then when total., .' trouble n(» investment .\()U quit cotton, i)low the ground will ^ v better in the end. I in January and February and have rohi you the i)lain truth again in May and plant cow-peas abor these matters and if there broadcast. Then in the fall plow is ai v reader of this journal who it again broadcast. Do this ev- has a pecan grove which is drag- ery year till your trees get thirty ging along half dead and half years old ; then you will be sure alive, let him put in practice to have a magniticent pecan what I advise and he will soon grove. Unite the growing and see that he has ''a thing of beau- selling of cow-peas with your pe- ty and a joy forever." My pe- can business, and you will be a can grove lias given me more success. Then use all the fertil- pleasure than anything else in izer von can luuiestlv uet. Uo this world. I NUTsroR PRoriT." I (yS_ , ^ , ^ ^ •■'^ Li the South the raisingof nuts and the demand for it is steadily for profit is a foregone contdus- increasing. (JhiefVan Deman, of ion. The pecan is the nut pre- the I)t>partment of Agriculture, ferred, from its large yield, and bidi<'ves (irmly in the cultivation from the oil which the nut holds. This when pressed can be used *i'ui.lislK"(l lo years a,<.o in tin- Massa- for tal)le or cooking purposes, cluissctts IMouo-hman. THE NUT. of tlie nuts ;is:i pr()lit;ii)le indus- try. Col. W. H. Stuart, of Ocean Si)rinj;-s, Miss., says: k,''l i)lanfe(l those large paper shell peejni uuts when 1 was tifty-seven years old and now I am seventy-one. T tell you they help nie live. I i^ot 117 pounds from one tree last fall; sold 105 pounds for .^105.00 and ])laiiteu the remainder of them and have rriised a line lot of young trees, whic-li are i'or sale. Fecan culture, i)lanting the very large nuts, I consider one of the safest and best paying industries a man can engage in. One of the highest priced nuts in Europe is the pecan, shipped from New ■GROWER. Orleans, but grown in Texas and and other Southern states. This tree is the Hicoria I'ecan grow- ing from southern Indiana to the (jrulf of Mexico. New varieties are obtained by grafting anil Ijudding and these bring fancy prices. The nuts are oblong, smooth and thin shelled, willi sweet and delicious kernels. Tln' tree is beautiful, symmetrical and rapid-growing, with abund- ant light-green foliage, narrower than that of the hickory. There is a line specimen tree in thi^ grounds of the (/'a[)itol at Wash- ington." . If a man wants to plant a pe- out crowding, Vvhereas those who can grove for profit it is quite n plant 40x40 get only 27 trees to dilt'erent problem than in i»lant- the acre. All pecan trees are liot ing for shade. bi-sexual. This may be the re;is- When a grove is planted for on wliy many pecan trees through prolit the grower wants to make out the Southern states are bear- the pjost out of his land. If on- ing sma.ll crops or none at all. ly for shade trees, it is best to At all events the trees planted plant 35 or 40 feet apart so they 40 feet apart are dependent up- may become v.-idespreading. their own pollen, which, is dis- Tliere are many reasons why clos- tribute ural growth. A pecan tree can cultivates the trees. Golden op- be treated absolutely as a fruit portunities are coming already tree from seed to harvest. to the kSouthern states in the Another advantage in low- growing of vegetables for early growing pecan trees is the pro- shipments to Northern markets, tection of the tree trunk from Never grow grain or grass the summer sun, less liability of crops among nut trees in their injury from high winds and the earlier years. Cultivate, culti- crops can })e gathered from the vate, cultivate your trees if you gronnd with a long xjole. kSJionld want them to do their best. it occur that the limbs inter- Close planting, heading in and mingle with other trees, no loss cultivation are three requisites follows as tlie new growth [each in pecan culture. The Macon Telegraph for Oct- be of int(M-est to the members and ober will l)e a valuable paper. Ev- to nut-growers in general will be erything concerning the Nut- jmblished in full as well as a full Growers' C<.>nvention that will re]>ort of the Farmers' Congress. THE NUX-GROWER. Convention [Notes. Convention will be the display oi" FoUowiuii is a partial i-ei)()rt of nuts, stock and implements which the committee on meml)ers!iip : iirowers are invited to make. The membership of this Asso- ^„ . , ^^^ ,. , , . ,. , ,, • ^ /• /i\ II The importance ot work sncli cmtion shall consist ot (1) Hon- J, ,,,,.,. ,o^ X f /i\ ;»s the Sonthern Nnt-Growers orarv, (2) Lite, (3) x\ctive, (4) • i i , . \ \. have in hand should be ,iudi2;ed Associate Members. . ,• , , i^ <-) 1 ,, J- T <-■ -11 l>v accomplished results, ratnei 1. Persons ot distiiiiiuisiied ; , , , ,. ^ , .,., .... , ^ , than bv the number ot meml)ers abilitv and ori:;inal workers, who ,,, ' . ,. ,, • ,• , \ ,, , ' ,, ' of the Assr)C]ation or tlie size oi materiallv advance the nut-i!,Tow- . ■ -.,7 i ,^' 1 ^ , ^ its conventions. Vv e mav liave niii; mdustrv, mav l)e elected , • ■ ^ • „" nr , ■ 1 1 n somethiiii;- m our next issue on Honorarv Meml)ers and have all , . ,. ^, . , ; - . ., ,. this line, the riiihts and privileges ot mem- ,^ bers without the payment of fees jj- ^^,.,g understood when Macon or dues. ^v.^g selected as tlie place of meet- 2. The payment of .$]()().()() by j.^^. |.{^.jj- vailroad rates and ac- any interested person in such in- coniodations provided for the stallments as may be desiiiiutted, Farmers' National Conj;-ress will constitute such person a Life ^yould apply also to the Nut- Member, with all the privileges Grower's Association. Inquire of mem))ers without the iitrther (,f your local agent for i)articu- payment of fees or dues. lars and rates. 3. Any person may 1)6 elected -^n^ 4in Active member upon pavmeiit Infiuence of Stock on ©oion. of initiation fee of $3.00 and such ^^'^'^'''' Nut-Grower : annual dues as mav be required The influence of the stock on . . ' ^ the scion would, I think, torm an l)y the Association. interesting subject for ycnir many 4. Such persons as may indi- readers. Has anyone tln^ (dioice rectly aid the Association or the varieties of the walnut growing industrv in a substantial wav on the pecan or hickory? If so, 1 ' 1 . I A • i. i\i we want to know about the union nuiv be elected Associate Mem- \\\ \ -,■ ,i -^ ^.i , • . , ^ , ,. and the hardiness. Also it the l)ers without the payment of any .^^.^^-^ ^^^ g^^l^ -g in^^roved and the fees or dues. result of the planting of nuts so Parties who sign application grown. Does this combination blank and send in^the initiation partake of the hardiness of the • , ., A 4-- f /1 stoidv? If anvone has the Decan tee prior to the adoption ot Con- . . v. . ■ ,; i„,,<. ' -,11 iiiowmg and truitmg on walnut stitution will be recommendeo „r hickory we want their exper- for Charter Members. ience also. -^^ E. E. RisiEN, An interestinii- feature of the San Saba, Tex THE NUT-GROWER. TEiB Many 8ur])ri?es are in store INut-GrOWOrc ^'" the oia-time- pecan -rower who X-)laiUed in faith and waited ^ , patiently for years for uncertain Tublished in the interests of J In- S.mtli , ' t i- , . p ern Nut-Growers- Association. results. In li-ht of recent ac- coniplishiuents it is not neces- Advei-tising Rates: sary to wait longer tlian for or 1 inch 1 time SI. 00 1 inch 3 time.s $->.M) j^jinary fruits to l)e produced, as * ^ "= -1 I o _ o-rafts are known to l)ear m the '.. pace 1 ■' 5.50 K panfe ;^ •■ i:).(o ^ ,■ c i"pa-e 1 •• 10.00 1 pa-e 3 - 05.00 ""I'serv ro\y one year troni graft. -7-— r -. — - : 7^7777^ By grafting and budding a select- .\ddress all eommanieation.s to lllh • ^ XUT-GROWEK. Poiiian. Ga. ed variety of known character is - assured. By using grafts or buds A number of valuable exchang- fr"in trees of known character ges appeared proinp,t]y on the the yield of fruit is wonder- issuance of our Mrst number, fully increased, wliile the thor- l.ack of space forbids mention of ough and skillful cultivation of tjjeni. trees eliminates the otf years in ^'^^ bearing. Anyone having doubts Names and addresses of nut- as to such results can see atfida- ::rowers in ;ill parts of the South vits ^iipportinir them by attend- are desired. Send tliem to the ing the Convention at Macon. Secretary of the Associatioii at ,„, ,^ ,, ^^ -, , ■ .- ,. ,. ' Ihe JNut-(jr rowers- Ass(X'iation roulan, Ga. . . has been receivmii' icindlv and ,, , „ r, /. • , .-1 ,. widespread attention in advance Auts lor rrofit is the title of ,. . ,. ^. „,, ^. , . , ot its nrst convention, liiere is a treatise on tlie pro|3ai:ation and , . , , , . . , ,^. ,. \ , \ mucli important woric m siaht cultivation ot nut-bearing trees, , ^ i /. li , , , ,, r. /.T> ' XT I 'i"d i)rospects are i^ooa lor tlie by John Iv. Parry, of Parry, N. J. ,. , . ,. ' , ^, ^ •,, , ■, . . . , • . ■' 1 accomplishment or work that will J his IS an mterestimr and valu- „ ^ , , „ , , , , , , ,' , . ^, prove of ureat value and far able book, and sliould l)e m the U.w.),i,.u i.mvn-t.nw.r. hands of all nut-growers. reaching importance. -^h. Tiiere are nmny i)eople inter- The necessity for a regular ested in nut-culture who cannot ])iiblicati()n in the interest of attenil the Convention. If you nut-growing has Ijrcome very aj)- wish the Association well and parent, and tlie exi)ressions of think the continued publication ai)i)reciatioii of our lirst number of The Nut-CiROWkr a good ])laii, by persons c()mi)ettMit to judge, let us know by mail if you can- is very encouraging. not be present. THE NUT-GROWER. The Louisiana State Koard of No mistake will \)0 made by Agriculture and lmmigratit)ii farmers in plantini; a ("ew nut- iind the New Orleans Pro«;re88ive trees obtained from ndiable deal- Union are taking an active inter- ers. They will add beauty and est in the Southern Nut-Growers' protit to a farm, wliil-.' the enjoy- Association and the coming Con- ment of the nuts l)y young and vention. The following delega- old will be hard to measure, tion has been appointed to repre- The planting of I'ommercial sent the state at Macon : Hon. J. groves, however, is another mat- (J. Lee, chairman. Baton Rouge; ter and should be engaged in on- Dr. W. C. Stubbs, New Orleans; ly when assured of skillful man- Gen. Leon Janstremski, Baton agement by experienced grow- Rouge; Tom Richardson, Sec'y ^^^' Progressive Union, New Orleans; * ExperimentTare being con- Frof. F. H. Burnett, Baton ducted in the groves and nurser- Rouge; Sam. H.James, Mound; ies of President G. M. Bacon at Prof. W. R. Dodson, Baton DeWitt, Ga., with a view to find- Rouge ; Prof. H. S. Morgan, Ba- j,^g go,,,g root knot resistant ton Rouge; B. M. Young, Mor- stock upon which the English or gan City; A. K. Chngman, Persian walnut mav be propagat- Keithville; Emile Bourgeois, ^j^ If this trouble can be over- Central P. O. In addition to ^.^^^^^ (and results thus far are this delegation a goodly number ^.(,,.^ encouraging) the planting have notified us of their intention of walnut groves in the far South to be present. will receive much attention. ^ . ^ . rriK i- 4.1 /, Nut-growang as a distinct in- Ihe proiiram tor the Conven- '=' * 4.- ,, • ^ \ i., i.- 11 1 dustrv IS new and subiect to all tion is substantially arranged, •.„ . '' but is not vet complete en.niuli ^^'^ ^"''' ^^^^f^^^ts and misfor- for mention in this number. It ^""^' incident to new enterpris- provides topics of much i.nport- ^'- I^^^'l^res thus far may out- ance, while speakers of distin- number the successes, and futun. guished abilitv and national rep- P^'^^P^^''^-^ ^^^P^nds upon a thor- utation are expected. ^^"-'^ understanding of the bus- ^ mess and its skillful and persist- '^' ent ])rosecution. The favor with which the first -"^^ number of The Nut-Grower was Parties who expect to attend received necessitates an edition the Convention will confer a fav- of 1,20() copies for Septein])er or by sending their Mimes to this with two additional pages. office as early as practicable. THE NUT-GROWER. TEXAS SEED PECAN CO NUTS FOR PROFIT, 158 Pages. 60 ISIuslrations. On Propog-alion. Cultivation, etc.. of Nuts best adapted to various sections. I'rice. postpaid, 50e. Testimonials free. Jape»n "WetlriMt Seed. Sieboldiana and Coroifovmis. Hy niai ■:r.c per doz.. H 00 per 100. Jno.R. Parry, Parry P.O. N. J Dec. 1 to April 1.5, ORLANDO, FLA Bechtel's Pecan Nurseries, Pgcgfi Wholesale And Eetail. l''"r pl^intinir. Estal)lish','(i twelve THEO EECH^EL years. Also Seedling and Graft- Ocean Springs. Miss.;^^^ ^'^^^^^'^ Trees. Japan (liestnuts, Japan Walnuts, Englisii Walnuts, for 3-RAFTED AND BUDDED rECAN TREES.,. SEND FOR PKIOE LIST. Both nnts and tree: JAS. A. BAIE. FalatkaFla. pacts in a Nut shei MMUl PECAN GROVES WANTEi). Having- had maeh practical experience ill Pecan culture in all its phases and l>eintoek: 'J'rue td name. Also ChestriMts and Walnuts. Send for Catalofjue and Price List. SUMMIT NURSERIES, D. L. PIERSOX, PKOP'r., MONTICELLO, - - FLORIDA. All ad ill The Nut-(trower will help your trade. • < 1 - —iMi ;'' 1 i'W'l 0 IT}'! 1 -^^-H — — f^ MjF' ' f 5- ^ ^ ^ — ^ 1 Wir^l ::::; ^ ^ z^ s B ^ ^ PACE WOVEN WIRE FENtlNC. Made in Adrian, ^iich.. ISTH You cannot tear down, burn or car- ry away a PAGE FENCE. Cyclones cannot move it. There is a fence made for evej-y purpose and we sell sixty different styles of woven wire, urna- mental. Lawn and Wroug-ht Iron Fen- cing-. E.xpert fence builder and tools furnished free. Write for particulars. C. W. DEMINCr' BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA. THE NUT-GROWER. THE MACON TELEGRA PH. ESTABLISHED IN 1823. A NEWSPAPER DEVOTED TO THE UPBUILDING OF THE SOUTH Fuhlislies all the news that is fit to print. . . . Stands for every honest policy and presents Ih.e latest information on pnblic questions Subscription Rate, One Year Every Day $7.00 '' Six Months •' '' 8.50 " Three Months " " 1.75 " One Month " " GO COLUMEIAl^. — (exact SIZE. ) STUART. — (exact SIZE. ) Growers and Dealers hi LARGE SOFT AND PAPER SHELL PECANS Orlj^inators of The GeSebrated Varieties. COLUMBIAN, STUART, VAN DEMAN, CAPITAL. Nuts — Grafted, Budded and Seedling Trees for Sale. Price-list -cut on a'pplication. Address either OGGAM .SPRJrSQS, MIS©.. KBRKWOOO. ^ni\. CAPITAL. — (exact SIZE.) VAN DEMAN.- Devoted to the Bnterests of The Southern Wut-Grower's ;^ssociation VOLUME I. OCXOOEK ^^02. NUMBER 3. Irorroiiig oiid Not-^ro^^iiigl Tlio wiile extiMit of Sdiitiieni poiilirv-rrdsinL:; and bee-keepiii2. territory suited to the ])eean nut are more in place on a nnt-iirove makes its availability as an aux- than on ;\n ordinary iarm, where iliary crop an inii)ortant factor they often dania,ii;e crops and of diversilied farniinii'. This fruit. feature of nut-j^rowini;' is capa- If i^eneral farniinii,' pays, and it ble of wide application, is easily a.ssuredly does wlien nia'naiied made a permanent improvement with ordinary skill, certainly and a source of revenue to the the nut grove can be obtained ordinary farmer wlio owns the and brouglit np to a p)roiital)h^ hind he cultivates. age by the same ei[uipment of From the nut-grower's view, land, impleme.nts, live stock and tiie farm becomes, if rightly labor that the farmer used for used, the foundation for estab- producing farm crops alone, and lidiing large commercial groves necessitating only the additional at the least practical cost with capital the cost of tite trees and earliest possil^le results. planting them will require. Cultivation of land in farm This bridges the period of crops'is an excellent ijreparation waiting for trees to l)ear wiiicli, of soil tor the planting of a l^y the way is short wIumi grafte(l grove. The cultivation and fer- or budded trees jire used; pro- tilization that cotton requires is vides the necessary care and cul- excellent treatnient for the tivation, and gives profital)le em- young trees. When they are ])loyment for mind and b;)dy iin- large enough to make the further til the nut harvests begin. The cultivation of cotton unprofitable, reward fortius preparatory labor cowpeas and leguminous crops increases so fast and continues so should follow and enrich the long, and at the same time is so land, while making an ideal sure, it x>i'Oves a gilt-edged in- range for live stock, particularly vestment. Industry, patience cattle, sheep and hogs. Then, and skill will insure success. THE NUT-GROWER. TMB Tlie or<;anizers of the vSnutheni '^ |-«»^Y\/f* r* Nut-Growers' Association build- ed better tluin they planned. The work has eontiniiallv l)road- I'ubli.shfd in the interests of The South- i i ■ ern Nut-Grouers- Association. '''^f^^^ =^"^1 IS now assuiUin- an HU portance far beyond the original AdventiBing Rates: conception. It is likely that the I inch 1 time e^i.oo 1 inch 3 times $2.:->o cliscussion of the fraudulent deal- , ,x > , . -. er and measures tor his supprc^s- '., pag'e I '■ .i.oO K pag"e •' " lo. r5 I'pao-e 1 •• 10.00 1 paoe :^ •• 25.00 sioii Will lead to an awakening "TTl 7-, '■ '■ I ,n..T^ :>s to the extensive frauds in nur- Address ail eommnnications to llllii i\UT-(Ulo\VER, Poulan.tia. seiw stock and seed, which now -. --r _ ])leed a too-coniiding public of Membership applications and enormous sums of money each l"ees should be sent to the vSecre- year, tary at Poulan, Ga. Don't wait .^^ until the rush of business at Ma- The pronunciation of Pecan ''*'"' was up for discussion at the meet- . . ^ MI I • 1 i- ing of the Committee of Arrange- A remster will be in charge ot ' ., ,„, .' , .^, , ^, ,, ment at Macon, llie concensus a special committee at the Con- .... , , -, ^ 1 1, ■ , ^^1 01 opinion was that the sound ot vention, ar.d all who attend--- • p ■ ^ , ^, , ^ a as 111 tan, tan, can, is correct. whether members or n<)t---are ,-, ,^ , ., •,,,,, . -, ., , , 1 .1 • 1 Henry D. hmithsaid that he had invited to record their names and , , ', , 1 s i , , looked the matter ui) and could .-iddresses. ,, •, ^ ., hud no autliority lor any other All the indications .seem favor- Pi-onunciation. able for a most successful i'on- '^ vention. The program embraces Nut-growers whocannot attend a number of most imp.u-tant sub- ^^^^ C(mvention can get a full and iectsand the attendance promis- 1""<»'"1'^ ^'eP^'^'^ '•>' ^"hscribing for es to be large and representative. ^'"^ ^^'^''']'' Telegraph for Octo- -^, her. This will also give report A nut grove ratiuu* than a nnt of the Farmers' Congress, orchard, was the decision ot the ^^b. committee at its Macon meeting, Much of the Conventions' work on July 15. The argument was of organizing w ill doubtless be that a grove signilies an orna- referred to committees, which mental and permanent i)lantin:ro\\ - ers. This is well, as fanninu and nut-i;rowini;' are closely allied. Some of our most earnest and enterprising- p.ut-iirowers are also newspaper men, and they will be mnch in evidence at Ma- XHE NUX-GROWER con. All who siuii the Conven- tion register will get accpniinted with genial Henry Smith, ol' the Vienna [Ga.] I'roiiress, as he has been appointed to look after tliat part ol" the convention work. In addition to samples t)t nnts, etc., w'jicli are solicted for dis- play at the Convention, it may he well to bring photographs in this line. Those who cannot at- tend can send such artiides to the Secretary and they will be cared for, displayed and return- ed to owners after the conven- tion. Pir-st Pi-etniuf-n ett Plofida State Pair- in IQOl. T7dIIE FAMOUS JAG^GIKS Iv^.AMMOTM PlS^SANSo Several exeellerit varieties of l:'> year-o](l .seedliiiL''s now bendiir^'' and vea;ny breaiciny uuder the weight of their sixth crop of larjj:-.' line nuts in clusters of 3 to '.». Have weig-hed selected nuts ol to tlie poundi Most desiral)le operi- ingand separalino- qualities. Uei-- remainin^- whole or in lialves. Very full and plump and of ex- cellent Havor. Fine nursr>ry st )yU- nuts and v mail. :i.'>.- per dcz.. i~l 00 per 1()(». Jno.K. Parry, Parry P.O. M.J. Dee. 1 to April 1.5. 0RLA:NI)0. Fi.A. Beclitel's Pecan Nurseries, Wholesale And Eetail. THEO. BECHTEL, Ocean Springs. Miss. 3-RAPTED A I ID BUDDZL rECAN TREES,.. SEND FOR PRICE LIST. JAS, A, BAIE. Paiatka Fla. FOItr WtJKSH. TKX IS. Dealers In CI PECAN CliOVES WANTED. llavinj^' iiad imicli practical experience in Pecan culliire ill all its phases and Ixjiiio- absolutely convinced as to the safety of the investment. 1 would be ))leased to correspond with parties eon- 1em])latinfJ' plantmo- lar^f '»i' ^mjill pe- can fjrovesor orchards wi; h a view to lakipo- an interest therein on a novel, umtually advantageous and v<'ry ec- onomical basis. References exchang-ed. IIEKUERT C. UIIITH Valdosta. 'Ja. For plantin,^-. Eslalilished twelve years. Also Seedling- and (irat't- ed Pecan Trees. Japiin Ikslniits, Japan Walimls, Englisli Walnuts, Both nuts and trees. Send for Facts in a Nut Shell. POULAIN, GA. (S]h(Q)£(5© 2©©(dl P©(saiffiiSo Sent prepaid on receiiit of .$2.50. Contracts for plantinu and car- Best stock. Neatly printed. ing for pecan groves solicited. C. N. WILSON, POCLAN, GA. Writer for prices. THE NUT-GROWER. ..Farmdale Nursery.. Zelli-ien, Hex., Aug. 1. 1Q02. W(e air© ip)ir©pair©dl to ffaainaisJlii j(S)U wUh ©ffii©' snad liWdD y©siir (D)M tp©c^sl]Ki tiir©©s ®f HHn© GlhicD)3S©st vsiii©ttn©s tQT feUH aiffiid STpirmi s©tltlnffiigc YtDMir (iDirdgirs s®IinG5it©dlo IP©ir pirfl(5©3 aflnd ([Diilhi©ir paiirtlnesiilairss, wrM© imso n s. LARGE PECAN XUKSEUV. Will i'nruisli clioice var- ieties, all Paper Shell Seedlint . SUMMIT INURSERIBS. D. L. PIERSON, PROP'r., JIO :TICELL0, - - FLORIDA. ; ivn ad in The Nut-Grower will lielp vour trade. L— tialfi ,' m ' ''-1 ijj n k£ ■ C fi'fi r iC. jjB TTT 1 ::: — — — — 1 — — r— 1- m r:r - — ^ z:^ b ~ — : ^ — :**! PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCING. Made in Adrian. Mich., IS THE STBONOEST You cannot tear down, burn or car- ry avvaj' a PAGE FENCE. Cyclones cannot move it. There is a fence made for every purpose and we sell sixty difPereut styles of woven wire, urna- mental. Lawn and Wroug-ht Iron Fen- cing. Expert fence builder and tools furnished free. Write for ^particulars. C. W. DEMING,''''' BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA. THE NUT-GROWER. THE MACON TELEGRA PH. ESTABLISHED IN 1823. A NEWSPAPER DEVOTED TO THE UPBUILDING OP THE SOUTH Puhlislios all the news that is lit to print. Stands for every honest policy and presents the latest information on j)nl)lic (juestions. ..... Snbscription Kate, One Year Every Day .$7.(!<> ^' Six Months ^' '' 8.50 " Three Months " '' 1.7;> •' One Month " " - 60 COLTTJIUAX. ( i:XACT SIZK. ) STUART. ( EXACT SIZE. ) Groovers and OeaSers Irs LKRfJE. SOFT AND PAPEH SHELL rECAlTS Ortgmators of The Celebrated Varieties. COL^aJMeiAN, STaJART. VAN OEMAN, CAPITAL. Nuts — Grafted,. Budded and Seedling;; Trees for Sale. Price-list sent on application. Address either OGSAN ©PJ25N Sl ^ * Delivered at The rSational f % rAUOi t>®» >|J INut Growers' Convention, t % BY PRBSIDBINT G. M. BACON $ Members of the Southern Nut jects was conceived in Georgia (Trowers' Association, ladies and liy a few gentlemen interested gentlemen: In the words of the in nut culture, and who from president of the American Fomo- bitter experience had come to logical Society, "formal address- the conclusion that something of es are apt to be a weariness to the kind was needed to collect the soul and long ones an abom- and diffuse authentic information ination." But for the fact that upon the subject of nut culture, the organization is new, I should as well as to grapple with those be glad to omit the formality parties engaged in selling spur- and at once take up the program, iously budded and grafted trees, It is our duty as well as pleasure and those selling pig nut trees, to publicly acknowledge the kind- and seedling trees grown from ly interest in, and substantial the smallest and most inferior support accorded the association, pecan nuts, for ciioice pecans, feeling confident that results will It has also been developed that show that confidence was merit- parties are now ofi'ering seed- ed and that our efforts will con- nuts of some of the standard var- tinue to he favorably regarded, ieties under new names in ditfer- we thank all who have directly ent localities, in one case the or indirectly contributed to our same half tone cuts being used, rapid and promising career. This A temporary organization was is a progressive age, and nut formed early this year and a com- growing as well as any other mittee of arrangements appoint- branch of agricultur;;l or horti- ed, the following states being cultural science needs organiza- represented on this committee, tion to foster, encourage and ad- namely: Florida, Texas, Louisi- vance, as well as protect the in- ana, Alahama, Georgia and Mis- dustry. sissippi. The committee was Tiie association, with its ob- called to meet at the Brown THE NUT-GROWER 31 House ill Macon, Ga., on July 15. tion, with proper and capahli' At that lueetiuii; it was decided management, is destined to he- to make every etVort to get cornea prime factor in the up- the association permanently es- building ami material wealth wf tablishe'l and with that end in our country, for owing to the view this convention was called, comparative newness of the in- At the same time committees on dustry hut little authentic infor- program, constitution and mem- mation from experienced men bers were appointed. has been forthcoming, and swind- At that time we were without lers and vendors of fake tree?; funds and difficulties arose as to and renamed buds (more espec- the best way to get the new- ially pecans) have taken advan- tiedged institution before the tage of the chaotic state of affairs public. It was finally decided and have robbed, and are to this that subscriptions be solicited day robbing, many persons of an and that a small bulletin be got- independent and easy old age. ten out for each of the three The food and oil uses of nuts months preceeding this conven- are gradually becoming known tion. A printer's bill here con- and there are unquestionably fronted us and after much con- great possibilities in the future, sideration a solution was found The difficulties which all nut by soliciting advertisements from growers encounter and overcome nurserymen and others to pay by tedious and expensive exper- the expenses of printing "The ience need to be used as stepping Nut-Grower" and to cover stat- stones for greater advancement ionery, postage, etc. Responses in the future. came in very promptly, as well Your attention is called to the as many letters from prominent necessity for a a good constitu- men, government and state offic- tion and bylaws — for safe, but ials and others, endorsing our easy operation, purposes. In this way, ladies Your deliljerations upon such and gentlemen, we have piloted matters as dealing with frauds the association to this date. The and fakes is fraught with exten- future is in your hands. The in- sive results. defatigable efforts of Mr. J. F. The matter of a publication for Wilson, secretary, and others, to the association is ijractically a make the association a success necessity, and proposed plans for have been most praiseworthy, continuing The Nut-Grower wij^l We believe that our associa- continued on page 35. S2 THE NUT-GROWER THE INut-Grower. I'ublished moathlj' at Ponlan, Ga., by TEIE NUT-GROWER COMPANY. veyiiig assurances of co-operation, were received from several other states. A kindly spirit of fellowship was prevalent, which kindled Subscription, 50c per annum enthusiasm and exalted the in- dustry to the high plane it so AppHeatiofi made for entr3' as second class matter. richly deserves and gave great promise for the future, while af- fording enjoyment of the meet- 7 50 ing, at the same time instructing 13.75 and giving fresli courage and Advertising Rates: I inch 1 time ?1.00 1 incli 3 times S^'^.iiO ^4 p:ig-e 1 •• 3.00 I4 pag-e 3 1.2' page' 1 " 5.50 Yi pajre 3 1 page 1 •• 10.00 1 page 3 •• 25.00 ^eal. All present showed an ear- ^ Jiest, intelligent purpose, a keen Our Frontispiece. Our frontispiece this montii is from a photograph of pecans grown by the Summit Nurseries, D. L. Piersoh, proprietor, Mon- ticello, Fhi. The varieties rep- resented are : 1. Admiral Schley. Columbian. Frotchers. Louisiana. Admiral Dewey. 6. Egg Shell. 7. Van Deman. 8. Stuart. The First Convention. desire for information and a marked appreciation of all the able addressess and the ex- periences of the veteran growers who were present. Ladies were present from the states of Mississippi, Florida and Georgia and added much to the enjoyment of the occasion and showed in a marked degree the important part they have already taken in a rural work particular- ly suited to them Tiie concensus of opinion was decidedly in favor of regular and persistent efforts to relieve *the The first convention of the Nut public of drains made upon a (^rowers' is now a matter of his- confiding people by the unscru- tory and bids fair to mark the pulous dealer with his faked beginning of a new era in the in- stock. The committee having dustry. The gatiiering was not- this work in charge is assured of able in several particulars. It such co-operation and support was representative as to locality, that good is sure to result, for ag many as seven states had Another matter of importance delegates present and letters con- i.s provided for in the standing THB NUT-GROWER :^:3 committee on Nomenclature and A timely bulletin on The Tc^can Standards, which will seek to hns been issued by the Louisiana remedy the present comi)lication Experiment Station at 'Baton in names of varieties and formu- Kouii;e. In a future issue we will late such regulations as will pre- refer to its contents and able vent the exploitin*:; of standard author. varieties under new names. The "^ committee is made up with irreat ^^^'^^ standino- committee on care both as to ability and char- Nomenclature and Standards acter of its members, and no one '^^Id an informal meetin^i at Val- en-aoed in the -rowin^- or sell- (i^sta, Ga., Nov. 7th, discussed ing of trees or nuts is considered the situatnm and are taking up eligible. The work of this com- ^^'^ '''^''^^ ^^'i^'^ '"^''''^''^ dehber- mittee will be of great practical '''"*n, valueandof much scientific in- The conventic^for 1903 goes to ^^^'^^^- New Orleans, La., and the date The Nut-Grower was recog- ^^^^^ ,^^, ^,^^ eonstitution is the nized as having an important j^^^ Wednesdav in October. It part m the work and ample en- j^ expected that two or three oouragement for its continuance ^^^^^,^ ^^,.jj ^^ ,equired for the next and sui)port was given. ' ,. ,, -,. 1 meeting Persistent and well directed " _ efforts for the good of the associ- tj c t? \t i ax/i p ai "^ , , . . Prof. E. Mead Wilcox, or Ala- ation seem assured and it is con- , j-i p <-i .,, bama, was, on the e\e ot tlie tidentlv expected that time will , . , i r *. ' ^ , . cc-nvcntion ])revente(l trom at- work out far-reachimr and vai- , ,. , . i • ,tr- i ,1 ,, '- tendiim-, but his paper on ''brands uable results. '^' , , ■ , t , i -^, and Pakes," which is published The Association is to have a in this month's Nut-Grower, got trade mark or monogram for use there all right and was read by of members who can satisfy the (Jol. R. J. Bac(jn, Jr. President and Executive commit- "^^ tee that they are entitled to full Tlie Constitution and Bylaws public confidence. The commit- of the Association are printed in tee to design this emblem of fair a neat 1>ooklet of ten pages with dealins: is : cover, containing the names of R. J. Bacon, Jr. Baconton, Ga., officers and the standing conimit- Chas. N. Wilson, Poulan, Ga., tees as far as appointed. It can Mrs. Dr. J. B. S. Holmes, At- '^o l»ad by application to the Sec- lanta, Ga. retary at Poulan, Ga. 84 THE NUT-GROWER f ;,"^';';^eNoc @<3ion and Stock. 1 t BY HCRBBRT G. WMITC $ One is often asked l»y i)ersons lifted, reiiardless of tlie fact that unfamiliar with the scientific some limljs, branches or twigs and practical side of the propa- may be in an unhealthy or dis- gation of plants (I have especial eased condition. The result is reference to the i^ropaiia.tioa of that disease and other faults are pecans,) "Will a budded or often transmitted, which may or grafted tree reproduce, without may not be overcome or correct- a douljt, a nut identically the ed l)y the thriftiness or other same as that produced by the characteristics of the seedling- tree from wliich the bud or scion stock. was taken?" My answer has Scientiiic investigators of trees been, m eii'ect as follows : "Gen- are striving for specific results, erally, yes, except that occasion- be it early bearing, rapid growth, ally there will be a departure liardiness, freedom from insects, for better or worse; but where prolific bearing, dwarfing, etc., the selection of buds, scions and but always having in mind the stock is skillfully made, the prime factors of healthful'ness of chances are so slight, so far as scion, hud aiul stock. There are the fruit alone is concer)ied, that ways of attaining these results horticulturists do not anticipate and the scientific propagator (not it." the mere mechanic) has some- This ans\\er is suificient as far thing more in his mind when cut- as it goes, but there are many ting buds or grafts and trans- points involved which are not planting them to seedling trees apparent on the surface. than the bare desire to get them The seltM'tion of scions and to "take," (a word, by the way, buds is not usually given the of ambiguous meaning in this proper thought or care, and per- sense) and form a union. If sons (frecpiently without a early fruiting is the nuiin object, knowledge of even the first prin- then healthy scions or buds ciples of botany, insectology or should be selected from healthy vegetable jjathology) cut scions Ijearing trees. If early fruiting and buds anywhere and every- is not the first requirement, then where from the tree to be pr(»pa- buds and scions can be taken THE NUT-GROWER 85 from yomiir iniinaturo trees, hiil may state, that althoiiiili budding the latter course is obviously and grafting are entirely differ- fraught with many risiis. ent operations, in elhect, they The above is not all, for *'\Vhat aresynonyinous so far as ultimate influence has the seedling stock results follow, upon the scion or bud?" It would Applying the above well-estab- be folly to sa^' that it had none, lished ])riiicii)les to tlie pecan for were that so, the propagation tree, I am tirmly of the opinion of plants and trees would be an that the seedlini-v trees upon entirely mechanical operation which gra.fts or buds are trans- and it would be impossible to planted sliould be grown only modify or induce new desirable from thin-shelled pecan nuts of characteristics in the growth or merit, the fruit of healthy, early fruitage of the scions or buds, and annually bearinir trees. A which is what scientitic horticul- variable percentage of such seed- turists (such as Mr. Luther Bur- ling trees would maintain their bank and others) are continually parental characteristics, which doing, thereby increasing fruit- could not fail to have a favorable age andimproving the products, influence u[)on the buds or scions It is therefore accepted, that in- and the possibility of detrimen- asmuch as the scion or bud will ta! fruit variation, or other un- transmit diseases to the stock or desirable characteristics, such as seedling, so is the stock capable late bearing, poor growth and of comiuunicating diseases and shy bearing, etc., are reduced to undesirable characteristics to the a minimum. scion or bud. Parentheticall v I PRBSSD&PNT'S ADDK&SS. done i)y other analogous associa- (Continued fi'om page 81.) tions. come up for your <-o;isideration. I trust that our meeting may We are of the opinion that we l)e l)oth pleasant and profitable, should cover the whole country and that our delil)erative work in our scope of operations and may Ijecome a safe foundation suggest tliat our associtsion be for this most important industry called the National Association and result in much good to many. of Nut Growers. I deem it unneccessary to take It is also recommended that we up your valuable time and beg obtain a charter in one of the to thank you for your kind atten- ^tates or obtain ;t national char- tion. ter by act of congress as has l)een 3R THE INUT-GROWER Lack of space prevents The of considerable variety. The Nut-Grower from publishinj; a nuts and photos shown by Mrs. full report of the proceeding:? of Jacocks, of Florida, correspond the first general convention of so nearly with her ad in this the Association. We will have journal, that we have been given more to say about it next month, a rest in assuring the "doubting "^^ Thomases" that we had affidavits The exhibit of nut, trees, pho- „„ ^j^^ supporting all the appar- tographs and appliances shown ^,^^,^, extravagant claims made at the convention, vvhile not ^^^ ,,^^r ^^^^^.^^^3^.^^ large, was of much interest and TEXAS SEED PECAN CO. FOlir WORTH, Tt-XAS. ■ i* Dealers In — - — ■« €E([])n€EOT SIBIBID) For planting. Established twelve years. Also Seedling and Graft- ed Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuls, Japan Walnuts, Euglisli Walnuts, BUDDING KNIFE. i'i:CANS, WALNUTS, CHfc:STNllTS. FIGS. D. Galt^naith. New Orleans, La. P. O. Box 1249. GRAFTED Xm BUDDED PECAN TREES... SEND FOR FRICE LIST. JAS. A. BAIR. Palatka Fla. Both nuts and trees. Facts in a Nut Shell. Send for n^^^ -. LARGE PECAN r £C3nS NURSERY. Will ieties, all Paper Shell Seedlino-Si one, two and three years old. Budded Stock from finest varieties. Will take orders for Fall and Winter Delivery. Robt. J. Bacon, Baconton, Ga gTIUACT°MEg(D)N FIBGAK (SdDMIPANYc Growers and dealers in larg-e soft and paper shell pecans. Orifjinators of the celebratea vurieties Columbian, Stuart, Van Deman and Capital. Budded, (irafted or Seedlinji" trees for sale. Address either Ocean Spkings. Miss. Kikkwood, Ga. Bechtel's Pecan Nurseries, Wholesale And Retail THEO. BECHTEL, Ocean Springs. Miss. NUTS FOR PROFIi. 158 Pages. 60 Illustrations. On Propog-ation, Cultivation, etc., of Nuts best adapted to various sections. Price, postpaid, .50c. Testimonials free. Seeds. Ei-igJisH Walt-iMts, Maderia. Japan Waltints, Sieboldiana and Coroiformis. By mail, ^5c per doz., $1 00 per 100. Jno.R. Parry, Parry P.O. IN. J. Dec. 1 to April 15, ORLANDO, FLA. TilC INUT-CjROWCR Devoted to the Interests of TilTie National Nut-Growers' Associatjon VOi^UME I. DECEMOER S90:2. NUMBER K. ^ Bn&.»-». .^ r-». »^ dT" «BS-a-»«fii-».r^ t Rsac?, at the Nut v«? I P'ecan i>ulture.|a.owe';sco«ven^ioni f BY J STEGKbCR. v, The iiiit growiiiii industrv in iiest method. This was the first tlie :Soath is rapidly becouiiiiii a ureat step in tiie right direction, very important business. As it Asa rule the pecan does liot is an undertaking requiring some come true from seed. One may years waiting for results, it is phmt the finest nuts oljtainable wise for those who contemphUe and not get 10 per cent, good planting, to make no uiistake i\\ nuts from sucli seedlings. All the start. We have been asked our linest pecan trees are hybrids to give, from our experience, or crosses. some suggestions as to the best Tiie tendency of seedlings from methods to follow in planting hybrids is not a reproduction of and caring for a grove. itself, but toward a kind inferior GRAFTING PECA2; TREES. to the parent tree. Thousands More than twenty years ago we of such seedlings would have to l)egan experimenting with graft- be planted and fruited on the ing pecan trees. Knowing that chances of getting even one there were numberless varieties, equal to or superior to the orig- and seeing great difference in inal. You must wait ten or fif- size and quality, our predecessor, teen years for your seedling to Mr. Richard Frotscher, and Mr. fruit to find out if they are of any Wm. Nelson set about finding value or fit only for firewood, out the best method of propagat- There is still another danger in ing the better s'.nds. Through planting seedlings. They may the valuable advice and personal prove to be poor bearers, even if assistance of the lute Richard of good size and quality. Pecan Frotscher, v»ho was an enthusiast trees vary greatly in yield, some on the subject, we finally found bear abundantly, and some are "annular budding" to be the shy bearers and some are entire- i^ THE nIjT-GROWER ly barren. The coiu-lusion from times a "hud variation" but this these facts is, do not phmt seed- chance is so remote it is needless ling- trees. to take it into consideration. By HYBRID VARIETIES. budding or grafting it follows, of P'or the last ten years or more course, that the quality of the nurserymen through the South 'i^i^- is reproduced, also flavor, have been turning their atten- etc. From observation of many tion to the advancement of this years we are inclined to think very important industry. Through t'lat budding and grafting has a the careful selection of already tendency to promote abundant existing wiU iiybrid varieties bearing. We do not mean that there has been adopted a num- this results immediately, but af- ber of the line kinds, These are ter a few generations of buds and now being ],:ropagated by bud- scions, always taken from bud- ding and grafting on the seedling ded or grafted trees, we think stock, as is done with pears, ap- ^^'is to be true of some varieties pies and other fruits. Most of oi fruit trees. these varieties have been named There is another important by theii- discoverers and are all point in favor of budded and more or less valuable. It yet re- grafted trees; they come into mains for an exhibition of all bearing early. If the trees grow these varieties to be had, a stand- well from the start, given good ard adopted and all synonyms treatment and are well fertilized, eliniinated. In our opinion it is they will begin bearing in live useless to propagate a number of or six years after planting, and like kinds, even if under diifer- i)y the time they are ten years e!it names. Periiaps the lately <>ld will be very profitable, established Nut Growers' Asso- how and when to plant. ciation of Poulan, Ga., will take From the preceding it follows the matter up. that it is wisest to plant budded Budded or grafted pecan trees or grafted trees. Having so far will ])rodnce nuts exactly like decided what to plant, let us see those of the trees the buds or about how and when to plant, scions were taken from. The If the ground to be planted is in bud or graft is simply a coutinn- cultivation, little is needed but ation of the growth of that tree; to dig tlie holes and plant the the same as a layer or cutting trees. In all deep rich soil these wr)uM l>c; tii(n-efore> the fruit holes should be about seventy mn?t b«- alike. There is some- feet apart each way; in poorer THE NUT-GROWER 39 light soils tifty feet will be about they were while growing, pack right. Dig the holes two aiul the soil firmly about the roots, one-halt to three feet deep and Use (july surface soil to i)laiit the same width. This should be trees in. After planting, mulch done some weeks l)ef()re planting, the trees well, watcn- when nee- Get your budded or grafted trees essary. In the Spring and Sum- from some reliable nurseryman, nier remove the mulch. Loosen Do not mind paying a high price up the soil six inches deep about for them, but be reasonably sure the trees, replace the mulch. Do that you are getting what you this three or four times the rirst want. The cost per acre for yea)-. Do not plant the tree uny good trees is small ; even at $2.00 deeper than it was in the nursery, each nine trees will plant an Tlie tree will settle some, allow acre at seventy feet apart, for this. All that part of the Eighteen dollars per acre for tree that was under ground while trees that will continue to Itear growing, must be covered up in for one hundred or more years planting. No fertilizers need be is not a large first-cost. I'lant used the first year. After the early. December and January trees get well started growing, are the best montiis in which to fertilize liberally. Though pe-- plant. They may be planted up can trees will live and grow witli to March or until tlie sap begins little or no attention, they will to move in the k^pri ng. Early repay all care given them. planted trees get set in the no pruning required. ground, cut roots heal over dur- Unlike most other fruit trees, ing Winter, long before any pecan trees require no pruning, growth is showing in the trees. After the trees are ten or more When planting do not shovel all feet high, cut oil' all limbs below the dirt in at once, thereby six feet from the ground, or such wrapping the roots about the as are in the way of a team pass- stem of the tree. Gather up the ing under them. We advise the roots with one hand, after the cultivation of the ground between tree is set in the hole, and with the trees. Corn, cotton or any the other pack the soil about the annual crop may be grown. The tree and first layer of roots, and stirring of the soil, the fertilizers so on layer after layer until the used in the growingcrops are all hole is full. 8ee that the lateral of more or less benefit to the roots extend (jut at same depth trees, promoting a more rapid and in about the same direction growth. If it is not convenient lu THE NUT-OROWER to do this, the soil should l)r coil- diiFerent varieties, it follows stantly stirred about the tree and that where there are more than surface kept well nuilohed. Keep one kind planted, there is a bet- tliis up for three or four years, ter chance for the perfect fertil- If not cultivated the Held can ization of the blossom, in addit- 1)6 used as a meadow for hay, or ion to the benefit to be derived as a pasture for stock. In the from cross pollenation. latter case, a guard or fence In numerous trials by the ex- should be put around tlie young periment stations throughout the trees to protect them from in- country, it has been found that jury. Once they are well grown, "cross p(dlenation" is of great stock will not injure them. benelit to most kinds of fruit. A word now as to the v:u'ieties ''So pronounced is this benefit to plant. The pecan is self-fer- that it is now deemed unwise to tile, the male and fen)ale bios- plant large blocks of any one .-ioms occurring on the same tree variety " a few inches apart. The kat- To encourage would-be plnnt- kins, or pollen-bearing origans, erswehave this to say: Those are produced at the junction of who planted budded trees eight or the old and new wood, the nut- ten years ago are now beginning bearing l)lossom coming out on to reap the benefits. They all, the ends of the young spring without exception, express them- izrowth some two or more weeks selves as being satisfied with re- later. It may so hai)pen that suits. One. fact that will be tlie ])ollen has become defective vouclied for by us will go far to from bad weather before the nut- convince the skeptical on the bearing" flowers are in proper ])rofit5 of i)ecan culture. It is, condition to receive it. Now, as that the present crop of one tree, there is always some dilt'erence now about forty years old, was i;i time of l)loominu- of the manv sold for $140.00. ^'^ J\ ^ ^ !r% 4r^ sr- s=^ * Delivered Before The g rAOOr^^^^ $ Nut Growers' Convention. X % BY MAYOSt BRIDGES SMITH $ Mr. Piesident, Ladies and may as well say right here that (ieiitlemen : In giving you the while there may be others with freedom of tlie city todny — and I us with a claim, for this is com- THE NUT-GROWER 41 pany week aiul we are to receive always welcome, whether in the many visitors, you have the rigiit genial, i;Teeu-tinteil days* of of way — you have so well timed spriiii;-, the swelterini; days of your visit that you are with us summer, the ^dorious days of at a 8easi»n when there ia bei2;in- autumn or the cool, I)racinH,' dayt; ning to be a touch of brown on of v/inter; any day, any nujiith, the parks and lawns, and the but appreciating you and your russet leaves are falliuii; from the work and your Rims, we would trees. Of course, for nut grow- prefer th.nt yon visit us again at ers this is the appropriate season, a time when we may look bettcM' the nut-time, when the ripening than at this feime. nuts are ready to fall, l)Mt you 1 want to impress upon yon do not see us at our best, and it that we are glad to have yon. is at our best that we would have glad to know that you tliink you see us. enough of us to come here. We You should see us in the spring want each member of the ansoci- time, or better still, in the early ation to feel as though he was at June. In all the world there is home ami among friends. If no lovlier city than Macon in during your stay you find time June, with her wealth of flowers to loo^-: over the city, and should and her lavishnessof green tint*;, get lost, (n- in some way fall into Ordinarily it matters but lit- tr()ul)le, you have only to make tie what time of the year we are your way to the nearest tele- visited, but there are times in ev- phone and crtll up 357. Tliat's ery household when things are my phone, and if in stating your brightened up for extra company, trouble you will kin. ily add tliat and we consider the Nut Grow- you are a memi)er of this associ- ers' Association our extra com- ation, instant relief will come to pany. We would like to be look- you. ing our best for you, and we look Grentlemen, in behalf of mv our best m June. You will un- ])eople, I bid you a deep, .'\i)iding derstand that you are welcome, and sincere welcome. /ft •J\ dT^ €^ T^ ^^ ^^ 1»' i Deilvered Before T^Be w ^ T^UUi Ky&> enough nuts should be shown THE NUX-GROWER 47 from a tree to indicate all its Our Coniniittee on Ethics wish- variations of size, shell and oth- es to he pronii)tly informed when- er qualities. ever the fraudulent dealer makes -^K his appearance. Send informa- The term "paper-shell" as ap- tion on this line to the Secretary plied to pecan nuts is probably a of the Association, at Poulan, misnomer, as it conveys no detin- Ga., and it will have prompt at- ite idea regardinii the nuts so tention. named. A nut is thin-siielled when it can be cracked l.v press- ^^'' ''^''^ '"^"^^^'^ ^'^^ ^^=^^"" ^^^"^ ing it a^^ainst another' in the -'•='»^'' ''^ ^^'^''^'''' ^^^'^' '^^^ ^'"^ K, J ^ <.! • 1 1 1 8th obtained a verv full and cor- hand, and thick when a hammer , , ... rect report of the convention, IS required to crack it. „,, .\ . , Ihe edition containin2; the pro- -^, . rr,, , J 1 ^ . ^ ceedin";s was (luicklv exhausted llie standard ar'iument ajzamst , , ^ " ,, , .. 3 ^1 ^ and the Secretary was unable to planting pecan and other nut , . ,, , . , , , . ,, , « .^. obtain all the copies he needed, trees is the long years ot waiting ^ for the trees to reach ])earing (j-^g^ subscriptions and adver- age. The fact remains, however, tisements are necessary in order that nothing passes so quickly fo maintain The Nut-Grower. and surely as time. The years Its actual value, particularly to will come and go whether we amateur growers, is hard to meas- plautor not, butas they go why ury It is very encouraging to not have the nut trees growing? feel that the veteran growers in all parts of the Southland are One of the most interesting ^.,^^,_j..,j ^,^^j substantial support- and valuable brochures (m the ers of the publication. Pecan we have yet seen is the . .^^ trade catalogue of G. M. Bacon, The names of all members of DeWitt, Ga., price 25c. It is The National Nut Growers' As- handsomely gotten up, printed sociation have been placed on on fine book paper, has 36 pages the subscription list of The Nut- with 14 half tone engravings, and Grower. Should there be any- illustrationsdescriptive of 18var- one who does not care to pay the ieties of nuts. The cultural dir- subscription price, a notice to ections are practical and up-to- that eifect will relieve them of date, while the general informa- all obligation. Should any mem- tion is such as to safely guide ber or other subscriber fail to the amateur grower. receive it regularly, we will be 4S THE NUT-GROWER o!)ligecl if otir attention is called narrated should be verified if to the fact. either required proof. The con- "^^ test waxed warmer from day to "Fortunes in Growing Fruits ^j^.^^. ^,,^,^ attracted much atten- and Vegetables," is the title of tion at the resort, filially culmin- a neat booklet issued by the Cot- ^^^-^^^ -^^ ^,^ incident showing that ton Belt Route, It gives inter^ the pecan tree can withstand cal- esting information regarding ^^.^-^-^^ ^j^^^^ ^^.^^^^1^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^j^^^ these industries in North-eastern . , Texas. Copi:-s may be ol)tained ^j^i^ ^^j, i,;, ,,,^,,,;,,,^,,,,, f,,r ^,,3 by applying to E. W.Labeann.e, j^^,^.^^,,^ ^^.^^-^ ^^^^^^^ could not ih V. 6: i\ A., 8L F(,u.s, Mo. ^^^^-^ his opponent's story that There is no o^^asion for con- lie knew of a full-grown tree be- troversv as which to plant, bud- ii':^ 'jl<'wn down flat by a tornado edor seedling trees. While the :i .^-eneration ago and instead of seedling advocate h:is a substan- being injured was still bearing tial basis for his preference, still regular and larger crops than be- the grafting and budding enthus- ^'"^'^ ^^^^ «^uiptly demanded full partie- their zeal and enterprise amply ^i^^irs J'lid was not a little sur- rewarded. Mr. Chas. E. Fabst, pnsed at being referred to reput- in his address at the ci.nvenlion, '^'^^^ parties, who subsequently while showing his confidence m furbished the data from which budded trees, advised the young The Nttt-Grower selects the fol- men especially to plant ijoth l"^^i'>.^' "*^ '^^^^i'K^- "t" general inter- seedling and budded trees. '^'^^ '• .^^, ('a]it. John F. McElmurry, of t\ liistoriiG Tree. Aiexaudria, Ga., writes Mr. Chas. No one enjoys liearing or tell- Biiiiiham, of Girard, Ga : "As iiig a story — especially if it per- to the pecan tree, what I know tains lo the Pecan — more than is that it grows on my father's the veleran grov^er, Maj. K. J. old place; that it was planted Bacon. Not long ag(j he engag- from the seed l)rought from in a friendly rivalry with a friend Beaufort, S. C, seventy-five wliile at a summer resort, as to years ago ; that aliout twenty-five who could tell the moat remark- years ago it blew down as flat on able incident about pecan cul- the ground as it could ; that some tare; l)ut the important condi- of the limbs stuck in the ground ; tion was made that the incident that tiie limbs on the upper side XHE NUT-GROWER 4y straiiihteiied up and liave l)c^eii eiu-e with entlnisia-^iii in the <;ro\viiig and beaiiii<;' ever since, work. The trunk of the tree lies on the About a dozen years ago, Mr. liround." John T.Jones planted ],yOOpe- Personal Mention can trees in Clay county, Geor ,, ,. „, . , , .,, ; trees. ''Pecan'" Mr. Vv m. A. Taylor, Pomolo- j^nes l)eiieves in pecan culture, gist in charge of field investiga- ^ome years ago he secured the tions of the Department of Agri- establishment of a post-oiRce in culture, visited the nut-growing |.]^., vicinity of his grove and centers of Florida, Georgia, Mis- named it "Pecan," and he is the sissippi and Louisiana early in pi-esent postmaster. November. '^^ ^r II 111 Convention Motes. No one who has seen and heard Mr. Ohas. E. Pabst, of Ocean ^^'e hn-"''^'l '-^'l"*^-^ '^^ ^'^^ ''"''^^^'^ interest in nut culture. While tion, .s it would consume all and Mr. Pabst does not look old or more than our space for several 1 • •(-! < -J 1- (- issues Under the headum careworn, he is without doubt '^^i'*^^- «- c .i 4. "Convention Notes" we will, one of the veteran pecan arow- ^-HMiveuin .. ^-c i ^j.^ " however, l^e able to give mucli ' „ , '.,••,, r information in succeeding issues. One of the notable incidents (d the convention was the :iddress Young men were much in ev- of Prof. J. B. Hunnicutt, of At- idence at the Macon meeting and lanta, Ga., editor of the Southern manifested a keen interest in Cultivator. He not only has the proceedings. A number of faith in the industry himself, them promptly applied for mem- but was able to inspire his audi- bership. :>«) THE NUX-GROWER The Committee ol' Arr;ni;;e- of the nut growers of the country ments has occasion for coni;ratu- iienerally that some publication hition on the success of their ef- that can voice tlie purposes of forts. The pro.i:;ram was carried the National Nut Growers' Asso- through as^^rrange(j, without a ciation be adopted as the official (Jingle break. Tiie regular speak- organ of the association : and crs ail treated their themes with ^'Whereas, The Nut-Grower, ability and 'Decoming brevity, was established to promote the discussions were practical and the interests of the National Nut to the point and the exercises Growers' first convention, and were of absorbing interest during has been largely instrumental in all the sessions. exciting interest in thenutgrow- The convention was mindful to eis' work; therefore be it acknowledge favors and express ""Kesolved, That it is the sense thanks for the same. This ap- of this association that The Nut- preciation took shape in sundry Grower be named as the official resolutions and motions which publication of the National Nut w^ere offered and regularly adopt- Growers' Association." ed when the program would ad- iiie Louisiana Purchase Expo- mit new business. It was not sition. By Mr. H. C. White, expected that all meritorious "Whereas, The Louisiana Pur- performances would be pu!)licly chase Exposition to be held at acknowledged, but Mayor Smith St. Louis in 1904 will offer the and the city of Macon were oific- greatest opportunity to advertise ially thanked, as was the Macon the nut growing industry of this Telegraph. Prof. Hunnicutt, for country : and {lis inspiring address, and the ''Whereas, To properly pre- Secretary, for his successful man- sent the advantages and profits agement of The Nut-Grower, of nut culture, which is one of the were struck by the same kind of objects of the National Asso- lightning, ciation of Nut Growers, therefore The following were among the '^*^ ^^ resolutions adopted by the con- "Kesolved, Tiiat the President, ventioi! : l)y and with the advice and con- The Nut-Gkower. Oilered by sent of the Executive Committee, Mr. George Ketchum. appoint committeesof three from '"W liereas, It is impcu'tant to each state to provide an exhibit the proper development (»f the ;ind jointly arrange for the pre- mterests of this association and sentation of the same at the St. THE NDT-OROWER 51 Louis Exposition in 19(U, the far as may be indicated by pop- state vice-presidents to be ex- uliition, is niovini^ slowly sonth officio members of these commit- by east, at the rate of iieariy tees." eii;iit miles in twenty years. It To provide for n mon()i;ram. may be that the maji-netic power By Mr. R. J. Bacon, Jr. <'i' attractive force of this beauti- -Resolved that the president ^''^ ^■•^>' "'=^>' '^''^ ^''^ movement appoint a committee of three to before the center shall j.ass to • desi^Mi and have copvrighted a ^''^^ ^outhenstwanl and either trademark for the National Nut ''^^'^ '^ ^'' '^^^^*'""^- '^ ^'^^'^ '^''' ''' Growers' Association; that the hrmament of Macon, or to revolve .ame shall be used only by nur- ='^;''|>;>S. Xf \v Or!ean:s, La. '. O. Box 1249. GiiAFTSD AND BUDDED PBGAN TREES... SEND FOR PRICE LIST. JAS. A. BAIR. Faktka Fla. Beclitel's Pecan Nnrserios, Wholesale And Setaii THEO. BECHTEL, Ocean Spring ;, M'ss. 3^]B(CAN €^M;PAK¥o Growers and dealer.s in iarg-e soft and paper shell pecans. Orio-inators of tlie celebratea varieties Gotumbian, Stuart, Van Deman and Capital. Budded, Grafted or Seedling- trees for sale. Address either Ocean Sinkings, Miss. Kikkwood. Ga. FOltr MO It ! K. I K.XAS. eaSer« in (SMdDnGlBSir SIEEIO) .n For planting. Estaljli>di(^i! twelve years. Also Seedling and (irnl't- ed Pecan Trees. j^ipan Ctestnuls, iapaii MM% Eoglisli Walfiiils, Both nuts and ti'ees. Send \v,v Facts in a Nut Shell. f-^ LARGE FECAN 1*^ 0 C ^ n ^ N U lis E R Y . W i 1 1 a *^ ^ '.iSi ? 5 W ft lurnisli ciioi-e var- ieties, hH Paper Sliell Seedling's, one. two and three years old. iiuuded SlocIc f om finest varieties. \N'ill taice ordel•.^ f.rr E'all and V^inter Delivery, i^obt. J. BaGOJ's, Saconton, Qa « e e Trir©@3 dpf itlk© '^ V. So W. FEEDS, IPwtini'ir., Hartwkll Nurseries, Hartwell, G^. • A THE NUT-GROWER We arc; tiic- ;>.()iU!ei pecan Ifiidders of the State of Louisiana, and perhaps of the M'T " ', ;v' the thive best Tarietics. Soiivte-and Gentenralal; and will have for the Spring of 1904 stOL-k of trees of the larsfest pecan in the worid, Si<3c3t 'cr*'® Mas-ra- |-rsotS^. !^i:i>-c your orders early. We furnish buds. etc. Seeds a specialty. Cataloji'ue free on applieatii )n . J. SteckJer ®eed Go., Ltd., RICHARD FROTSCHf<:R"S Sucokssoks, 518 to .52(1 (iravier St. NEW ORLEANS. - LOUISIANA. T! i: lk\ Was the winning pecan ;;t I'aris in 1900 and is a winner every day at home. Moi-e ovinces of meat to the lb. of outs than any other. Shell very thin but of close texttirc. Nuts keep svvcel iliT NURSEPII — CROWHRS- MONTICKLLO. - - FLOR Send I'or free Catalogue. [0 IDA. The vc- lart Pecao Go., Oir Ocean Spr'isTgs, — Mississippi, ?-Ieac5c5t-iar*tef» For Reliable l^iul- ded and grjii'ted trees (»f choicest k I) oven v;irieties .... SENO FOI^ RRECE L,1@T. FIRST PREMIUM, FLORIDA STATE FAIR, 1901. — The Famous — JACOl" 10 Excellent varieties of thin-shelled nnts in clusters of .S to 9. These 13- year-old seedlings have been bearing G years. No ot^" years. Gathered thi?; crop To to 100 lbs. of nuts each from some of the trees. All these varie- ties are of most excellent qualiiy, as was evidenced at the Nut Growers" Cf.mverilion. recently held in Macon. Ga . Have weighed of tlie large varie- ties, selected nuts 31 to the lb. Nuts. (Jraft wood and fine Nursery Stock for sale. Those wi.shing samples, pleasa write. For descriptions. prices, &c., address Mfs. C. W, Jacoeks, l'Y)R.M()SA. ()RAN(7E CO.. FLA. TUC NUT-GliOWC Devoted to the Interests of The INatioiiat Nut-Growers' rlssoctation VOLUME B, JANUARY ««?03. NUMBER <£.. I BUDDED vs. SEEDLING I I PECAN TREES. . . I flS BY H. S WATSON. 'S?/ The advantages ()[' hiiuded, ov- The seediiiiii' pecan does not er seedling trees are: reproduce its lilveness except by 1. Certainty of results. mere accident. The moment one 2. Uniformity in time of ripen- sees a lindded or grafted tree, he ing. knows ti;at it will reprodnce a 3. Certainty of heavy crops. nut exactly like the nut from the 4. Early bearing. parent tree from which the scion 5. Uniformity merchants at that From 5 to 7-^ cents per pound point durin;; the past seas(jn, and were paid for these wild nuts, as the town i^- not on a railroad, n)akini', about $40,000 for the it is estimat'-'' that two-thirds of people who gathered them. '^ J\£^K^^'J I I^JILL^J^IY ^. t FARM AN^DRAf-ICH U /ft \1f /*> BY E. W KIRKPATRICK. ^^ In our search during October seeds of best known varieties, but for fine pecans we were well re- like all such experiments, the paid. The people were very nuts did not reproduce, and it is responsive anrl gave us much use- now in order to bud the trees so ful information. It is a common as to secure the best commercial opinion that the pecan growing results. industry is destined to be one of At Brownwood we learned tlie leading importance. We located location of several famous trees, several pecan trees valued at all growing wild. The Post pe- more than $100 each. When the can (paper shell) is probably the facts are established and it is most famous pecan near Brown- well known th.at these trees can wood and which stands by the be quickly and cheaply njulti- Colorado river near Milbnrn, plied, the industry of pecan Texas. Vv'e heard of another pe- growing will be very poj)iiiar. can here whi(di weighed one Spending a day at each place, ounce each, but uo did not. see Dallas and Weatherford, we met it. Mr. C. Faulkner at Dublin, Tex- Our next stop \'."as ;it San An- as, and made the initial point gelo, Tom Green county, where Brownwood, Texas, on the S;in- we visited the famous orchards ta Fe railway. Here we exam- on the (■oncho river and its trib- ined the famous Swinden or- utaries. The pecan grows in chard and found it under good narrow belts along the banks of management, wiiich v, ill soon running streams in West Texas, convert this orchard into a val- These belts appear like green rib- uable properly. Tliis » ^o all parts of the country, has thus far received. The sup- A correspondent in the Confec- ply of chestnuts for the market tioner's Review says : is obta.ined almost entirely from '^'^'^^ 'butter,' which is a light native trees. brown paste, is made by grind- The propagation of this nut by i'i^-"P first quality shelled Span- grafting and budding has not isb ]eanuts and putting the meal thus far been generally success- through a process by which, it is ful, particularly in the line of ^aid, all the oil and nutriment of budding, the nuts are retained in the paste Grafting seems to be used al- Produced. The socalled butter most entirely, although indiifer- 's used to spread upon bread, and ent success attends graf tiiig oper- =^^so to flavor sauces and gravies, ations as ordinarily perfonued. ^^ i" ^-'i^^ to be very palatable to It is claimed that tongue graft- niost persons, and the claim is ing on light, but vigorous stock, ''"'^^^^ that it is particularly dig- late in the spring, with scions ^-^^tible, being, therefore, much taken in mid-winter from y(-ung i'avored by dyspeptics. In nutri- trees that have not borne,' pro- 'i^^nt, it is asserted, one p-ound duces the best results. <'f the butter is equal to two For those who wish to try bud- pounds of beef. It is put on the ding, the ring budding process is uiarket in small jars and large doul>tless the nu.st satisfactory. I^^^''«' ^'"^ ^« ^"^<^ ''' ''\'^'^ '^''' ^^^ to ^5 cents i)er pound.'' Peanut Butter. j^' ^,,^1 },.j^.g anything to sell, an The ininiense proi-'ortions as- ad.vertisement in The Nut-Grow- sumed by the peanut trade and kr will hell) >'**" to dispose of it. THE NUT-tiROWE5^ 5'J I POINTERS - PLANTING. I Mow to Set out the Trees. soon thereafter as po.-sihie, II" In setting out pecans about a .taproots are inconveniently long, lawn or yard for botii nuts and they inay be cut off by a sloping shade, care should \)q taken to ctit with a sharp knife, leaving dig large holes and to remove eighteen to twenty-four inches. t!ie clay entirely. Fill in with The foolish theory a.bout a pecan rich earth anil well-rotted man- ti'ee not Ijearing if its taproot is ure, the latter put in so as not to cut has been so abundantly dis- conie in direct contact with the proved i)y ourselves and others j'oots of the tree. In tlie center tluit it is not v/ort'i discussion, of this filling push or drive in a Wood-lice sometimes attack and stake and withdraw same, le;iv- eat olf the roots of a small pro- ingaholeof ioitticient si;':e and portion of nev\'ly set trees. Or- depth to take in the young tree dinary care, therefore, should be without crowding the ro^i^. If taken to see that no pieces of trees are older than on.e year, wood or other debris upon which larger holes uiust be made, in or- the lice, their eggs or larvae der that lateral roots may be ?et miiiht gain admittance to ))ottom in a natural position. Press the of hole be coiitiuned in the soil. dirt carefully with the hands, All stakes set in the ground near but do not tramp with tlie feet, trees should be tarred or charred The youiig tree should be set at to preveiU woodlice from attack- such a depth that, after a copious ing them and subsequently find- watering and the permanent set- ing their way to root of tree. Our tlemen'i of the earth an.l tree, it experience is that trees are only will be the s;ime depth as it in dcUiger of wood-lice the first stood in nursery row, no part of year they are transplanted. — The crown or root being left exposed Pecan Tree, i)ublished by G. M. to light. The same method is Bacon, DeW' itt, (^a. applicable to setting out groves, except it is not necessary to dig Methods of Oiantin^. such large holes. Instead, the Nuts destined for seed should land should be plovv'ed and sub- be gathered v.itlwire and placed soiled as deeply as practicable, in comparativci ly sand during either previous to planting or as the winter an;i phmted as early CO THE NUf-GROWER in the spring as the soil \vill per- li^vel thiit it stood in iho mirsery. luit. In sandy soil, well draiiKid, The well pulverized soil should ihey may even be planted in the he pressed lightly around the fall. Whether x>lanted in the roots, and unless the soil is al- field where they are to remain, ready very wet, water in suffic- or in the nursery rows, every at- ient quantity should he poured tention in the way of cultivation on the soil around the tree, and and fertilization should be given over this the remaining dry soil the young trees, so as to force as should be placed, vigorous a growth as possible the Pecan trees require much care first season. for successful transplanting. If planted in the nursery, grea.t When taken from the nursery, care should be taken in trans- all broken or lacerated roots planting them to the orchard, should be renjoved, and care The tap root of the young plant should be taken to shield tlie is very long, and in removing to roots from the sun, and to jn-e- the orchard a goodly portion of vent them from becoming dry. — it should be dug up with the tree. Louisiana Experiment iStation Hence greater care is required Bulletin, Secoiul Series, No. 69. in removing from the nursery '^- tlian with most trees. Even with fHcivs Notes. extreme care the taproot will be Tlie crop of hickory nuts in jnoderately shortened, and many the principal Northern States growers claini that tiiis shorten- v>as light the past season, and ing is beneficial l)y inducing the prices went up four and live a greater lateral spreading of the dollars per bushel, fully doul)le roots. tlie i)rdinary figure. Before planting out an orchard, The Wesiern Fruit Grower for it should be thoroughly prepared December 1902 c(^ntains a full for the tree. Holes wide and and interesting report of the deep should be dug, and the soil first meeting of the American from the same thoroughly pul- Apple Growers' Congress, which \erized bef(ji'e being returned, convened at St. Louis, Mo., Nov- H" not naturally rich, this soil ember 18 and 19. should be well mixed with woods The Santa Anna Valley Wal- mould, well rotted stable man- nut Growers' Association han- ure or a fertilizer containing died 78 cars of walnuts the past largely of ammonia. The tree season, for which the}' received should be i)laced at the same record breaking prices. First THE NUT-GROWIBR •! grade, soft shelled, netted 9.44 lind a ready sale at hi.^lil.T re- cents per pound. This associa- numerative prices. This demand tion controls orer half the pro- is mainly for seed. lM)r nnts duct of the contiijuous territory, runnini;- less than fifty to the and distributed among its nieni- pou.nd. the retail price per pound bers dividends amounting to is r;u.'ly less than 50 cents and $143,828,49. freqinMitly a dollar, and for well- '^^ autheiuicated varieties some- Paper-Shell Pecan INuts. ^-^^^^^ vvvo dolhu'S and a half. For Of tliese improved varieties, ^,^^1,,.^ purposes in large cities, 85 to 60 nuts will weigh a pound ^,1^ nuts will fetch forty to fifty —the nuts ordinarily marketed cents per pound. As yet, how- running from 80 to 150 to the ever, the improved cultivated pound. On cracking the ordin- varieties constitute but a small ary pecan, the meat crumbles, proportion (about 5 per cent.) of and portions of the corky divis- the market supply. The rest is ion walls adhering to the kernel ^-un^ the wild trees of the forest, frequently gives a bitter taste, .^,,(1 m wholesale do not general- far from agreeable. The hard ly command more th:;n three to shell is usually in marked con- ten cents per pound. There are trastwith the soft shell of the no accurate statistics a^ to ihe selected varieties. On cracking gize of the annual crop. It is the latter properly, the plump, said that one dealer in Texas has fine-grained, sweet kernel gener- handled over 500,000 pounds in ally drops out in halves, entire- one season. Tliere is an increas- ly free from the bitter, corky ing demand for ihese nuts, both partitions. No nut is .quite its f^r direct consumption and for equal; and none commands so mixing in confectionery to make high a price from dealers in fan- the toothsome iuaiiines and oth- cy candies and nuts. It is cer- er bonbons. tain to be the favorite nut for When the present demand for general table use, whenever it home consumption has been sup- reaches the open market and be- plied, it is reasonable to expect comes known to the public. — a large foreigri demand, if one Bulletin, Lilly Orchard Co., may judge frou the favor which Bloomington, 111. this nut recen received ai riie ^^, late Paris Exp .;tion. It is not Profits in Pecan Culture. unreasonable Therefore to ex- At present all line large nuts (Continue : '.;i Tage 67. ) THE NUT-GROWER THE is generally two or three years T '^'C^i I^OWC^ 1^ *'^*^ when used, so that the time — from seed to bearing approaches I'ubiished iiionihiy at Poulan, Ga., by that of a seedling tree. The niits THE NUT-GliOWER COMPANY. obtained from grafts the first Subscription, 50c per annum venr are simply from the wood of bearing trees used in grafting. Application made for entr^^ as second- • -^, class mailer. The bearing of seedling trees 7~ ; '. IT ■ as early as the fifth or sixth Aaver*ti)Sii-ig Rates: I inch 1 time .n. 00 1 inch 3 times S-.50 je^u', while uot rare, cannot be i^ p:i5jjo .^^ ^j^.^^. .^^.^^ ^ paying crop at ten Years is doinji verv well but The tvpical pecan nut is vet " i . i ^ .^ fu^f ^..^ ,•.^ ^ ■ ^ \ , ., . ' , many do not bear at that age, m fact a good many trees do not bear at any age. z\ll these things sliDuld be taken into considera- to be designated and this work will be a feature of the New Or- leans convention tiiis vear. At present the ])o|)ular tendency is .• • ,. • • • p ., e^ ^ ' ^ ■ tion 111 iormiim' visions oi profit. toward tlie lar^e nut, ;ind some -^^ elegant varieties, combining ex- The overproduction of nuts is cellent qualities with size, are tne same old bugbear that ap- being propagated. However, it {)ears regularly when any popu- is likely that the extra large lar enterprise is growing rapidly, nut may not equal in actual val- l^ractical growers know very well ue a smaller one tiiat combines that it will be a long time before in a greater degree the desirable such a valuable crop can possi- qualities of a pecan. By the bly be produced in excess of the way, there are a sur[)rising niim- deimiiid, whicli is increasing fast- ber of considerations tiiat have er than the the production. weight in determining the rela- '"^ tive value of dillerent varieties. ^^ ^'^^^^^^ '^e borne in mind -' Bv tiiese statements I do not We reproduce in this nmn!)er ^^.j^j; ^^, aiscouraji;e any who have parts of an interesting article on ^j^^ ^.j^j^^ j,(,j| .-^^^^ climate in the nuts, from the Ladies' World, of j.^j^dle South from planting the New York, wiiich will indicate pecan, but to trv to direct them the wide and increasing use of ...j^ei^-. Only the richest spots, nuts as a food. where the soil is deep and moist, ^^ , „ , . , such as suits the black walnut One feature oi the industry , ^, .... i ij i , , and the hickories, should be verv evident to those who have , - i /- ■ i • i i. , planted. Oreek and river bot- studied the situation, is the cer- , rp, , .- ,. ^ , . , , toms are best. ihe hotter and taintv oi a largely increased oe- , ^, 4.1 i «.<. ■ , , 1 • , loniicr the summers, the better mand for nut products, wliich ^ , ^ -n i 1+1 / ^. , T^- the pecan trees will do and the will come largely fiH);ii addition- , '-. . ,. , ,, ,. , ,, , heavier th.e crops ot nuts. it al uses or nuts as well as export .., , • - , ^ 4. ^ , ... :^ will be a mistake to expect to trade when supply will permit. ., 1 e 4. ^ produce the same grade of nuts The Pecan sn the MiddSe that are grown al»ng the Gulf of South. Mexico, but those of fair size and Now and then the point is quality of nseat may be expected, raised of the advisability of — H. E. V-D., in Southern Fruit planting the pecan in Tennessee, Grower, and other states of the middle •'^' South. There is noquestion of the M"^s «" Cookery. trees being hardy there, and In th.e list of things that form bearing nuts in due time, for avaihible adjuncts to cookery, there are many trees in bearing nuts should be given a place well there now. In some regions, as toward the front. Many forms far north as southern Iowa, the of pastry can be made through pecan grows naturally in some of their aid, and the other the river and creek bottoms, ways tliat the housekeeper can However, the r<*gions where the utilize them in the bill of fare pecan does Ijest, is in the richest are manifold, lands of the extreme Southern Many i)eople consider nuts in- states, esppcially Texas, Louis- digesti!)le, and thereby are for- iana and on eastward to the At- bidden fruit to all persons with lantic Ocean. Not only do the a weak stomach. This is true of trees bear heavier and more reg- a great variety of nuts, when par- ularly there, but the best quality taken of raw, e.specially between THE NSJT-GROWER 65 meals; [hut '; iT combined with i;rowing as a feat\irc, slionM oo- other ingredients and cooked, ciipy the attentif)i) of many more they do not often cause unpleas- southern farmers. Pecans soon ant results. Then, too, many turn olF a crop when ^xrafted or who have always used almonds, budded trees are userl. peanuts, pecans, etc., do not The trees may be grown to ad- realize the possibilities in the vantage in a cotton field while hickory nuts, chestnuts, walnuts youiii--. When too large for cot- and butternuts, which grow near f'"i, leguminous crops should be at hand, and are better for many grown between the trees to en- purposes than the higher priced I'ich the land, while supportinii nuts. livestock. L.-iter, poultry and Chestnuts form excellent lili- '^^"es sandwich in well between ing for fowls or game, also good ^'^"^ '!"<■ trees.— Farm and Home, soups and puddings can Ije made '^' from them. In preparing the ^"*® '" ^'^^ HousehoSd. nuts for use, pour boiling water I" '''^^ housekeeping days of over them, cover and let stand <^>"i" grandmothers, ti:e idea of until cool enough to handle; "'^'^s as one of human nature's drain and peel. — Ladies' World, 'hiily foods would have been re- -^^ ceived with alarm, but v,-e are The Pecan Nut Crop. no longer cautioned to eat nuts A Houston, Texas, merchant with salt and discretion, a little recently in the city of New York of the former but a great deal of is quoted as saying : "The seastui tiie latter — "'for the stomach's is about over, tlie bulk of the sake." crop having been moved out of Whether the rise of vegetar- the state. R;)uglily estimated, ianism or scientific dietary knowl- the outturn this season was 260 edge is accountable for the gen- carloads, as against 210 carloads eral popularity oi nats in cook- last season and 500 carlor.ds in dc, peanuts, another nutritious in ti)is new enteq^rise. ' ''''■'''''' ^'''''''' "^'^^ ''^^'^"- '^^ "He who plants a tree plants the hickory family and are very hope," and in reuard to T)e-nn »^"tTitious. The peanut is not a culture, one wh*; knows 'savs: ""^ P^^'Per, but an underground "Theindustrv is comparatively Pea, a hfgume, rich in nutritious new, particub.rlv as a comn.er- ^l^^^^^^/aes. It is said that in It- cial enterp.nse, but is spreading ''^>' ^^^^ '^^^^"'^^'^ ''^ ^'^^^ chestnut rapidlv. When iiitelliuentlv ^^^e ground into meal, and used handled the industry is omh of ^''' tlncke.nng soups and even 4.1 X. '• • 1 foi" bi"ea*i making. — I*. E. F.. in the most renumerativc auriml- , , , ^ ^ • ^- ^ -i ^ i. , ^1 ,. , Ladie'>' World, tural resources, IS sate and sure, ^^ and an orchard when once y ell A very good grove can be had started will continue to return by planting seed pecans, but annually its cost, for no one very great care should be taken knows how long — probably for that the seed should come from two hundred years. Besides, trees that came into bearing the pecan i>i a choice nut, valua- very young, and that bear heavy ble for food, is a standard luxiiry, crops nearly every year. There THE INUT-OROVVER 07 are a few treesof this kind in the aiio, but it is just as much in fav- soutli. Tlien the nuts should be or as ever, jind our \V()uhl-i)e hirge, thinshelled, well filled out teachers in hiiih i)hu,'es ar^- still and of rich meat. So many men recommendinii- the veriest trash make the mistake of planting in the of \v;iy of tree* for such big nuts and knowing notiiing positions. 1 confess to have been else about them. Budded and a victim myself, and80 years ago grafted trees are now for sale, was misled into planting thus, but the genuine are high in price nuiples of several species, with and the country is literally over- ;is!i, tulip and (.-uouinher trees, on flowing with men who are selling the highway in front of my place, wild pignut trees for grafted pe- and six feet inside the road line, cans. Beware of whom you buy in order not to crowd the road, your pecan trees. — Sam. H. Among the lot were two Amei'- James, in Farm and Home. ican chestnuts, and tiiese are "^■^ the only trees worth keepiuii. Profits in Pecan Guiturs. -p ,. <.i i i .- • ' tor tiiev do produce s()meiniMi[ormis. By mail. 2.5e per doz. . SI 00 per 100. Jno.K. Parry, Parry P.O.M. J. Dee. 1 to Api-il l.o, ORLANDO, FLA. PECANS. WAlNT'TS, CUKSTNl T.S, Fu;s. D. Gallsir-aitH. New Orleans, La. P. O. Box 1249. PECAIT TREES... SEND FOR PRICE LIST. JAS. A. EAIR. PalatkaFla. FOKr \\ »>K I Jl, IKXAS. Dealers In — - GE^iI])II€IBST SEIHID) For phintiuii-. Estahlisliod tuelve years. Also Seedliii.ii; and (?ra fl- ed Pecan Trees. Japan Clieslniits, Japan Waiouts, Englisli Walnnts, Both nuts and trees. Send for Facts in a Nut Shell. G* Bechtal's Pecan Nurseries, Wholesale And Retail THEO. BEGETEL, Ocean Springri, Miss. iPBGAN (S(n).M?AKYo \ Grower.s and dealers in large soft and paper .shell pecans. Orig-mators of { the celebratea varieties Columbian, [ Stuart. Van Deman and CapitaL Budd',;d, Grafted or Seedling- trees j for sale. Addre.ss either | Ocean Springs, Miss. Kirkwood, Ga. LARCE PECAN NUR.SERY. Will rnish choice var- ieties, all Paper Sliell Se^-dlinjis, one. two and three years old. iludded Stock from finest varieties. "*Vill take orders, for Fall and Winter Delivery. Kobt. J. Bacon, Baconton, Ga es.e. Soiectc §o Wo IPBEKp FirdDpVc, Hartwell Nurseries, Hartwell, G.4. THE INLJT-GROn'ER e Of Ocean Spr*ir«g«, I-s S-Ie£jcJc|ti£ir*tef-sR We are t..e pioneer pecan builders of the State of Louisiaua. and perhaps of the world. Vv'e have the tliree best varieties. FrotsGher's Eg^ Shell, S^osrse and Gentennsal; and will have for llie vSpring of 1904 fctoek of trees of the larsivst {;eeau in the worM. ©tecklcr-'s iVtarrs- motH. Place your orders early. We furnish bnds. etc. Seeds a .specialty. Catalog-ue free on application. J. Steck5er Seed Go., Lrcd., RICUAKD FRO'J'SCHKR'S Sicckssoks, 518 to 526 Gravier St. NEW ORLE.\NS. - L()U1SI.\NA. For Reliable bud- ded and grafted tree.': of clu^icest knovrn varieties .... &HiWD FOR P»RBCE LSST. FIRST PREMIUM, FLORIDA STATE FAIR, 19Q1--1902. — The Faunons — I) Was the winninp' pecan at Paris in 1900 and i> a \\ innci- every day at home. M(.ri ounces of meat to the i!'. of nuts than any other. Shell very thin but of close te.xture. Nuts keep sweet two years. mmi NuRS — GROVVKUS- MONTICELLO, - FLOUl Send for free Catalogue. DA Excellent varieties of thin-shelled niits in clusters of o to 9. These K^- year-o!d setdlintfs have been beariuL'' G yenrs. No ofl; j^ears. Gathered this i;rop T.T to KM) ii)s. of nuts each from some of the trees. All these varie- ties are of most excellent quality, as was evidenced at the Nut Growers' Convention, recently Iteivi in ]\Iacon. Ga. Have weighed of the larofe varie- ties, selected nuts ol to the lb. Nuts, Graft wood and fine Nursery Slock for sale. Those wishinj^ samples, pleastt write. I'\>r descriptions. prices. &c.. addre.-s Mrs. C. W. ilacocks, I'ORMOSA. OIIANGF. CO., FLA. TiiC NUT~QROWCR Devoted to the Interests of The National Nut-Growers' Association VOLUiME I. FEBRUARV 1903. NUMBER 1 . 4^ ; ^-r^^ ~r -t—- T »T ■ y-^ JT TC T- IN MISSOURI AND \J/ ti THE PECAN ..u.o.s I >»> BY EDWIN H RIEHL.

un- hut these trees invarial)ly niaice dance than any other, a feel)le lirowth and seldom, if Pecan trees are to he found ever, l)ear. irrowini;- all along the fertile val- Our pecans here ;ft-e rather leys of the Missouri, Mississippi small as compared to some that and Illinois rivers, excepting we see on tlie market, comiiig where they have been shameful- from Texas and other Soutliern ly slaughtered to make room for states; but this does not neces- corn. It surely was a great mis- sarily say thai our nuls are small- take to cut dow^n fine forests for er when we consider that we the purpose of growing corn, have to depend entirely on the especially when land was below native seedling, whereas, in the the highwater mark and a crop South., there are a number of im- of corn uncertain. proved, cultivated orch;'.rds, from There are, however, uuiny which the large nuts which we fine pecan groves that have been occasionally see, might luive spared and these are yielding been gathered. profitable crops almost annually. We sometimes find a tree here. In the fertile bottoms the trees bearing large, fine nuts, but as grow to a very la.rge size. It is yet have made little or no pro- uot uncommon to see them meas- gress in the w'ay of propagating uring four feet and over in di- by grafting. ameter. We have experimented along On the hills the pecan does not this line for several years past at seem to be a success. We fre- our expei'imental grounds here at 72 XHE NSJT-GROWER All(v,i, liut, until rt year n We notice that some persons The advantaiie of close plant- are still advisinii; the piantim:' of iny; is so ureat that mucli ]ar.i;-er pecan trees 40x40, getting only crops can be realized. Plantinii; twenty-seven to tiie acre. This by tlie Equilateral Triangle is well enough if you are plant- Method, whicli is so generally ing for shade, but for growing of used by California tree ]>lanters, a good crop of nuts you may get with trees 20x20 an acre con- sadly left by the trees beinu- b^ar- tains 125 trees without crowding, ren. Most pecan trees are bi- nearly one hundred more than sexual ;. some are not ; hence the l)y planting 40 feet apart. This necessity of planting them nearer is gained by heading in the trees each other to becj)me well fertll- when two or three years old, the ized. Pecan trees 40 feet apart result being that the nction of can only be fertilized by gravity the sun on the (niter limbs cans- or by bees, so it often occurs they es tnem to curve inward, rather bear but little, or perhaps no than to grow iateraily, Assum- crops. ing somewhat of a pear-shaped When a man selects a plat of tree by this method and pruning, ground upon which to plant a pe- the limbs of the trees will can grove, he naturally expects not interfere with each the best income from such other. Even if they did in 50 ground. In planting tlie trees years or more the bearing would 40 feet apart he does not get it not be lessened from contact, from his trees or other crops In planting 20x20 when tree.s when the trees have limbs large are same age, same heigiit, same enough to shade the ground. distance apart, the wind currents T4 THE NUX-GROWER carry the polirii from tree to tree grove is planted can for five or in such profusion that all are six years be made very profitable thoroughly pollenized, hence the in such crops, cultivating the greater the crops and much more trees also. likely to become annual bearers Our Texas growers are earning than those more widely separa- from $100 to $400 per acre, while ted. Cultivation also is neces- Florida is doing equally as well, sary among nut and fruit trees both selling all that can be grown to get best results. when shipped early. As the new industry for the New conditions are coming to Southern states is rapidly coming the South and those who are wase to the front, so is that of growing and the most progressive will ac- vegetables for the early markets cept the situation and make big in the Nortlieru cities. The same money. 2:round upon which the pecan i PECAN ENEMIES. \ 4> BY H A. H ALBERT >|> (^ ^ The enthusiast often asserts fruit is a small worm, of dark- that the pecan has no enemies, greenish color, the larvae of a This is an error. It has, not only small creamcolored miller, known enemies, but diseases of both for want of a better name as the fruit and tree, and the trees run hull worm, because it is supposed their race like all nature aiul to [jrey only upon the outside die of old age or cease to bear. pnlpy covering of the fruit, I am not a pessiinest, nor try- known as the hull. But this ing to frighten anyone. On the worm really preys upon the ker- other hand, I am an enthusiast nel or interior of the young nut in a practical way, and have done from the time it is first formed all 1 could for 20 years toencour- until the shell of the nut hardens age others to jii.int pecans. It along in July so it cannot enter is best not to p;.int in a roseate the interior : then it is observed hue, for when oue starts out, im- preying upon the hull, hence the bued with this i'lea, the first dif- juime. The vast crops of nuts ficulty often <•,< ses a surrender, that are destroyed annually in The arch-enemy to the pecan lirst one section and then another THE NUT-GROWER 75 of the pecMii Jiiowiiii; districts hibernate in the pupae sta.^e. and attributed to beinii l)histed I have seeeu pecan trees at- is, 1 auj satistied, principally the tacked by a disease similar to work of this worm. This worm yellows in peach trees, bnt not is to the pecan crop what the boll near so contagious. In fact, weevil is to the cotton croj) of one tree may linger in a grove for Texas. The loss of revenue from years until it liiially dies, and no the wild pecans is commensurate other trees will be affected. This with the loss of revenue frt>m the can often be cured by close prun- •lomestic cotton to the state of ing below all diseased limbs, ev- i'exas. Yet this worm, like the en if you have to cut o(f at the poor, has been '■'with us always," ground and let new, healthy and we have become used to it, growth come, while the boll weevil is new. No one need be frightened nor Hence the excitement ;ibout the refrain from [planting an orchard latter. for fear it will die of old age np- There is another worm, called on tiieir hands, like peach or- the kernel worm, that is not so chards ofteii do. It will take destructive to the general crop, several generations to witness but preys upon tiie soft shell var- such a sighi from nuts planted ieties. Its work begins where or young tre-s set out now. But tiie other worm leaves olf, thni those who iiave wild orchards is if any is left to work on. It is that Nature planted general ions a larger wcu'm from a much lar- ago can F.^e an occasional old ger miller. From three to six monarch of the grove that has are often found inside of ;i nut, lost its vitality froiii old age. j.;sc before or about mriturity, This, {do. caii often l)e remedied eating the kernelonly. No ori- and the tree restored to vitaliiy 1 e can be discovered w;iere thoy hy judicious pruning, t • ,er through either hull or shell. These worm enemies have ev- 'j..e miller must have power to olved by Nature's laws where she , ^, I -1 ^1 in- planted tne pecan trees. Hence 1 .ert the eggs while the shell is f,, ^lose states where the pecan s ;t. and in a growing stage m jg u^f indigenous the domestic J ;iy and August and then the orchards are more apt to be free 1 Tile orifice heals over. When for years to come of these nat- t :.. worms mature later on, from ^i/'^^^ enemies, though eventually c ^ , . T^ 1 ,.1 thev can be expected; but per- ^.-ptember to December, they i.^.p^ after we have learned their eat through the shell of the nut, habits sutliciently to counteract fail to the ground, enter it and their destructiveuess. Trt THE INUT-aROWER TUB rower. girowino; opportunities are appre- ciated and improved. I'liblished monthly at Poulan, Ga., by THE NUT-GROWER COMPANY. ftubscription, 50c per annum Application nidde for entry as second- class matter. Adver tssjng Rates: I inch 1 time ^1.00 1 inch 3 times £=2.r>0 H pag-f 1 •• o.OO H pag-e 3 " 7.50 -<2 pag-e 1 •• 5.50 }4 paIe crops which, de- light the young and oKl, tliat they should he ])lanted ex- tensively for this |;Ui-pose. -'to. There is hardly any sertion of our great country tli;;; is not suited to growing some vaidety of nuts : almonds on the Pacific coast, chestnuts on the moun- tain ranges, hickory nuts and wal- nuts on the plains and valleys and the i)ec:i!) on the extensive (hilf coast. A gr«,-at ■•untry: but it will i>e greater waen nut- The matter of an exhibit of nuts, both at New Orleans this year and at the 8t. Louis Expo- sition in 1904, should receive early an.d careful consideration. Nuts ;;re one of the staples of commerce and as their use as food is recognized the business will increase by leaps and bounds and will eventually attain surprising proportions. Appji-Mices for gathering pe- cans are receiving considerable attention in Texas. They elim- inate the dangers of clinibing and injuries to the tree which re- sult froni clubbing it. A nut grove as a permanent in- vestment, in lieu of life insur- ance, is a strong proposition and merits favorable consi(Uiration, as it combines the elements of safety, permanency and profit. No one need fear an over-sup- ply of nuts. The population is increasing rapidly and so is the use of nut meats and nut can- dies. Besides, their recognition as a valuable food is sure to in- crease the demand regularly and extensively. -^- One of the strong points in fa- vor of nut growing is the pe; a- THE NUT-GROWER '^ nence of Mie business. A grove — in fact, the nourisliiiu'iU is iu will last for generations if prop- concentrated form, and for that erly started and well cared for. reason nuts are best combined or -<«kK taken with other foods. They ''Slow, Ijut sure," means — are especially valued for tlieir from our point of view — the fine, meaty Uavor, which is found planting- of ;i pecan ^''' ''' m.ar, sha us proiitable crops and niost cases have droomng braacu- lumber,and, beside, everv tree es, waile smau nuts are produced planted will answer anv or all of «'^ trees of a more upright these purposes. ' -''^^^^^t'^- ^^^'^^'^' ^"'"^ ''^ ^^'^ '"^'^ -^, shapely trees with dense foliage The increasing favor with are shy bearers, while the most which budded and grafted trees elegant nuts, though few iu num- are now regarded has created a bsr, are from a slow growing demand, even at the prevalent tree. A careful study "f i;i !i- higli prices, that has practically vidual tree characteristics may exhausted the stock. Tiie plant- produce much beniiicial informa- ing of seedlings has also been tioii. large, while plans are already be- -^v ing made for an extensive in- Onr interest in nuts dates back crease next seas(ui. to boyhood days — forty years ago, ■^Ha^ when we had a personal acquaiii- Nearly all nuts contain large tance with every 'lickory, w.vl- percentages of nitrogenous con- nut, chestnut and pignut tree on stituents and fats. In the nut the paternal fan-.i. Recoil;-'- kernel there is very little waste tions of October days, froscy :« THE NUT-GROWER mornings, civ '')l)in^^' the chestnut is prone to extremes. Xo one and humpiiv. the hickory trees more than myself desires the are yet t'l-' > U in .memory. In i^reatest extent of the pecai^ in- those time^ : ae stain of walnut dustry throughout the South, and hulls was irn on thumbs and I would not have nut growers fingers foi ■■ tny days every sea- confine themselves to one branch son. Tlii >ound of hammers, of the industry. All are delight- cracking the hickorynuts and ed to see tlie great improvement walnuts u'.\ winter evenit^.gs in the size and quality of the around the- f,i:ui]y heai'th, will pecan nut of late renrs. never '>9 fv;r;;-otten ; the popping Now% is it !iot a fact that nine- <»f roasting chestnuts was a de- tenths of the improved nuts are light. Rambles in tlie woods the product of seedling trees? with boys of our own age, the It is, no doubt, th.e result of im- scramble to see who could gather prove^l culture and care and fer- the biggesr pile, the crude, but tilizing and th,e crossing of differ- scrupulously exact mode of di- ent varieties, viding the treasures, recur fre- In planting hirge acreages of quently to memory as we witness pecans, it can be done with graft- tlie delight of the ciiildren of to- ed and budded trees t)nly at a day in their ajjpreciation of tlie great cost. royal pecan. All these things By nniny experienced nut- have a part in our work, in im- growers it is believed that the parting zeal :;nd perseverance in seedlini;s bear froin 60 to 75 per the labor. cent, ti'ue to the nuts ])lanted, '^' while the remaining 25 to 40 per A Plea for tSie ©oedJin*. cent, produce some smaller and Editor Nut-Gro.v :i : some larger nuts. This has been The issues of The Nut-'iROwer my expertencci with trees from for the past three niotiiiis have six to thirty-two years old. been of much intere.-jr a. 'id have Now, why should anyone de- evidently given much encourage- siring a pecan grove limit the ment to the grafting and budding planting to grafted and i-)udded side of the i)ec;in industry, yet, I trees? Even with a long purse fear, to the detriment of seed- it were better to I)l:int largely of ling tret^s. I would not t!irow a seedlings also. If desired, the straw against the budding or see^ilings can be budded success- grafting ]jrocess, but in ;i!l kinds fully wlien three or four years, business and industrv the world iS'ow.it mavbethat those nur- THE INUT-GROWER TJ teryuicn who advocate Ituddiim' ^Si^iiiewliat bet tor, iii this respect, and grat'tiiiii exclusively, only than our native walnuts ; the fo- $ell the budded iind grafted trees, liaiie l)eini:, larger and somewhat Perhaps, too, the ex(dnsive seed- nn)re dense. linu' nurserymen will advocate Tiie nuLs are borne in lari;^ seedlings exclusively. 1 sell clusters of sometimes a do/en oi- b)th budded and seedling trees more, and the kernels of all the and will be prepared to till an\' species are well llavon^d., but the orders another season for either shells are too thick and the meats budded or grafted stock or seed- too hard to extract, except in lings. I i)refer orders for bud- case of those of the sj)ecieii crilled ded or grafted pecans as they Juglans C'ordiof()rmis, because of pay nie better in proprrtion to its heart-like shape. The nuts the number ordered. of this species are ratiier small, Without predjudice, but with smooth, and the kernels come interest in both directions, and out wlu)le, almost li!;e those of anxious for the extensive wide i- the hazel. This is really the on- ing of the pecan industry, I hand ly one worthy of cultivation for you this for publication if you its nuts, and these are not of see. lit. special merit. ROBT. J. BACON. The other two species, J. Sei- Baconton Ga. boldi and J. Mandchurica, have -^^ .been grown much more widely The Japanese Walnut. ^ly^^^ j Cordioformis, and tiie It has now been about twenty prevailing ideas of the Japanese years since the Japanese walnuts walnuts in America have large- have been grown to some extent \y been formed from them. I in America, and within the last would much prefer the latter, ten years they have been tested because of its superior nuts — H. quite generally over the country. E. V., in Southern Fruit Grow- In all parts, except where the er. winter is very severe, they have -^sj^ proved hardy. They bear' abun- Planting Pecart Trees. dantly and begin at an early age. by h. s. watson. The trees make rapid growth, The pecan should be treated have a very stately and pleasing much the same as any fruit tree, habit and the foliage is large and except that it will thrive in a beautiful. As lawn or shade moister location than most fruit trees tliey do very well and are trees. Tlie secret of successful 80 THE NUT-OROWER planting is to keep the roots of ed, asthey^will not'need^it. To the tree from beconiini: dry at test the tree, take hold with one any time and to exclnde the air hand and pull steadily : if it can from tiiem before and afier be pnlled out without breaking planting. the lateral roots or without ex- In phuiting a pecan tree, a hole ercising considerable force, it has should be dug large enough to been set too ioopeiy, admit the roots in a natural ,p, . « t '^' • -i ,- , ^ ., 11 1 1 he dwarf Japancnestnut IS a positioti. bood top soil, well put- . . ^ ^ A ,"• .. . ^ . , , ,, , , . ..,,• miniature tree that IS not out of place on the lawn. It bears at verized, should be used in iilling 111 around the trees. After prun- ^, ,, ^ ^ ,,. .-i . - -> e three years old a moderate sup- ma; uti anv mutilatea or oetec- , ■ , ,, , , , ■ , ,. ., , plv ot nuts that are much sweet- tive roots ana coating the ends , ° , ,^ . , , , . , ^ .t_ er than the Spanish and almost as large. It is quite distinct- from it and much hardier. — Ex. witli white lead paint, set the tree in the hole to its proper depth, which slioald be tlie same as -rown in tlie nursery ro^v, fill yj,g geeond year from planting, iii ;t i;rrie soil then trai\>p ]• fu-m- p, ,,,, vviil grow three or four ly by phic'ing one foot o>^ '-ither feet, and the third year from sev- side of the tree and press the p,, f<, ^q,, fg^^j-^ 'j'j^ey will then soil right up to it. Put in more be nicely branche.. and well es- soil and tramp ag.in, rei>eating tablished. After this they require this i^rocess until the hole is very little care; in fact, it has nearly full. Lateral roots should ^een my experience that they be spread out meantiree in a ^vill d') as well and bear sooner natural position and covered with. ^,i,p,^ j|,g ].^„^j jg s^,^^,^ ^^ pasture enough soil to prevent bruising ||,.,„ ^^.j^pp, continued cultivation them when tramping. is given, for their long taproots When tiirough setting fill ir. seem to render them independent around the trees with a few in- ^^^ ij^^ seasons and of surface ches of loose soil, but do not sf.,..,tching. I have found that tramp it. Tliis loose .soil will g^,^,.^ mulching for the first two prevent the gr.-und from baking ^^^^. ^)„.gg ^^^j^.g j, about all they and. it should be kept well pnl- j-equire, ' and the best way to verized during the growing Kea- treat them. Any one who has son, either by stirring it well grown a walnut, a hickory or a when it l)egins to crust over or by p^.,ch pit will have no difficulty heaN y mulcliing. It is a waste m .rrowing the pecan. — Mrs. of time to water trees Ihus plant- Shrewsbury in Home and Farm. XHE NUT- NUTS FOR PROFIT. t58 Pages. 60 Illustrations. On l'iopoj?Hti>>u. Cullivalioii. etc.. r*aitl-i, New Orleans, ija. O. Box 1219. Bechtel's Pecan Nurseries, Wholesale And Retail THEO. BECHTEL, Ocean Springs. Miss. F;BSAN G([j)MIPANYo ■ ' 'r-owersand dealers in larg'e soft and i'.iper shell pecans. Orio-inators of \e. celebrate^ varieties Columbian, iuart. Van Deman and Capital. iiidded, Grafted or .Seedling- trees cor sale. Address either O KAM Springs, Miss. Kirkwood, Ga. t^^^^^^ LARGE PECAN I 8C3nS. NURSERY. Will r ^^^mM9%0m f^.^igj^ ,;hoice var- ietie.s, all Paper Shell Seedliug-s, one, two and three yeai-s old. Budded Stock from finest varieties. Will take orders for Fall and Winter Delivery. Robt. «!• Bacon, Baconton, Ga GROWBR M An e.Kphinatioii is ^sibl(' to mail the edition on the i)roper date. We hope to be in better shapf» soon. I t>u r \\ OBI u. ri.x.%s. DeaSers In (Choicest Seed Pecans for plant- inir. Established twelve years. AJso Seedlinji and Grafted Pe- can Trees. Japai\ Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, l)otli nuts and trees. Send for Facts in a Nut Shell. :.JF^^ S©©dMffii.gs IFrdDim el IBiMidld©d sand &^U®d Varieties. Hartwei,l Nurseries, Hartwell, Ga. 1 Wi:.::-;iiiiH We are tue pioneer pecan builders of the State of Louisiana, and perliaps of the world. We have the three best rarieties. Frotscher's G$^ Shell, Ronme and GerBtennial; and will have for tlie Spring- of 1904 ^tOL'k of trees of the lai'sest pecan in the worl.i SleckJcr-'s Mam- moth. Place .your orders early. We furnish buds. etc. Seeds a specialty. Cataloorue free on application . J. Steckler Seed Go., L.td., h'ICIIARD FR()'i\SClIiOR'S Successors, 51vS to 52(5 Gravier St. NEW ORLEAxXS. - LOUISIANA. THE NUT-GROWER The Stuart Pecan Co., ^^ Of Ocean Spr*itig», — — Mississippi^ Is l-leacJctuar>ter*K THE AO ifHrsf4 Was the winniufj pecan at Paris in 1900 and is a winner every day at home. More ounces of meat to the lb. of nuts than any other. Shell very thin biat of close texture. Nuts keep sweet SUH NURSERIES, — Li ROWERS— MONTICELLO, - - FLORIDA Sand for free Catalojrue. For Reliable bud- ded and grjvftod ( rees of clioicest known varieties .... SEND FOR PRICE LIST ANN®llJF^(SIBMIEi^T8 Mrs. 0. W. JaoocU's, of Formo- sa. () ratline Co., Fla., wishes to thank her customers for their patronage and to aiinontice that the demand for the !?miM©iyig JaG^sIks lias l)een so heavy that she is un- al)le to till any further orders for nuts, trees or a;raft woodthissea- son. Her ikw catalogue will be issued i-arly next season^ when she will again be prepared to fill all orders. Devoted to the Interests of The fNational Nut-Orowers' Aeeociation VOLUME I. MARCH 1Q03. NUMBERS. I NUT TREES ™^ TIMBER. | To the average reader this sub- chestnut and walnut lumber is ject may seem of small impor- our occasion for urging the con- tance, or one that might be taken sideration of the planting of nut up for consideration by some trees for their timber value, succeeding generation. But to which will incidentally produce the thoughtful student of econ- a valuable by-product in the omic aft\iirs it presents an imi)or- nuts grown, thus making such tant subject and one worthy of a plantation a valua])le property early and careful attention. years before its maturity for To the writer it seems that the lumber. This harvestiuT '>f an- time may not be very far distant nual crops also obviates, to a when the penalty must be paid great extent the chief impedi- for the eariy tievasuiiion of In., nient in the way of plrnti'ig for ture's provision of abundant and lumber only by the long time most valuable walnut and chest- investment. By this plan the nut forests. This penalty will man who plants and cares for be paid in the high prices that his nut grove is rewarded during lumber will command, and the his own day by the annual crops necessity which will substitute and his children have a valuable metals for wood in many of its heritage in the luml)er. present uses. The present is none too soon Much is now being accomplisli- to begin planting for such pur- ed in educating the public to the poses. The consumption of lum- importance of timber preserva- ber of all kinds is increasing tion and the reliabilitating of much more rapidly than in pro- our forests, but something more portion to the increase of popu- seems necessary, as the preser- lation. In fifty j'^ears the Unit- vation of what remains of our ed States may have double its native forests only postpones the present population, and who can day of reckoning. predict what the demand foi- • The esj)ecial value of hickory, black walnut, chestnut or hick- S4 THE ISUT-OROWEK ory lumber may be bythnttime? planninn; and systematic execu- One thing is certain ; if Qonsump- tion not only in this southern tioii continues as at present there section, ])ut over all the coun- will beiio lumber of these kinds try, as there is hardly any locality on the market unless the trees that cannot grow some variety are planted by this generation. of nuts in which the lumber val- Another feature of the situ a- ue of trees promises a sure re- tion is that thtt present increas- turn from lumber alone, ing demand, for lumber of all Besides this, there are great kinds iinds a diminishing supply tracts of land in many sections of these' most valuable woods, which are not well adapted to with correspondjng increase in ordinary agricultural operations prices, while there is auiple rea- v/hich are peculiarly suited for son to suppose that tliese prices growing timber. Our mountain will continue to increase until ranges are the natural home of tiiey become prohiyjioive. the d.-stnut. i'^'^ttoni InT^rls Then, the rilaniirtl^, of large whicli overJiow t;>o frequently areas of timl)er for the^benefic- for farming are often well adapt- ial efiect upon ciiri^aiic^^^condit- ed for the rapid growth of hick- ions is sure to become of :i-;ic'reaf- ory and walnut, so that the ing importance as the yt*ars go waste xjlaces seem to be intended, by, and the tree planter be- for such beneficient uses as grow- comes an iinpoftant factor in ing tiiiber and food, the public good. | * .._ Wiiiisuch an opportunity to In the hurry an^ bustle of to- plant now, with every prospect day's enterprises /th^ ' American of ultimate direct and indirect people have but little thought prollt ."iid assurance of large div- for tiie future a'nd its needs. We idends from such trees during want quick retorns and have no the waiting period for a lumber time to investigate or inclina- harve-t, the subject seems wor- tiontoput nioney in long time thy of ^uch agitation as may be investments and it is only to a necessary to call public attention limited class that this article to tht-dtuation, to urge its care- will appeal forcibly. ful study and encourge in all For those engaged in, or those practical ways the early and ra- who contemplate nut growing j^j j.^^^.^ ^ j^^,^ ^^ecs for the lor prout, we have a strong, , , . -? i.- v • >, profit. tde and beneficial propo- Pi'odu.Mon of timber in the position, which is worthy of many suitable localities which their careful consideration, wise are now unproductive. THE INUT-GROVVER 85 5 S»§i5i$-5*»ii*;59i$$.53 S$-$-^:^*$i$**$i$:^i$^.=J:§S*$=$5i$§SS5*:$§»*i*. BY PROF. F. H. BURNETTS. THE OUTLOOK. ^«*€€:€€€««€€€€€€€««$€:€^:€«€: $;€:$; BY WILLIAM A. KING *'> Nut growing is likely to be- itance for their children a sure come an important industry source of income that will annu- uiuch sooner than most people ally increase as the years go by. imagine. It is a branch of farm- The best pecan groves are ing that is attracting increased mainly located on low ground, attention each year. The nur- where the roots can reach a con- sery agent who succeeds in in- stant supx>ly of moisture. Lands ducing farmers to devote one or that are subject to an occasional more acres to the production overflow are deemed the most de- of tl;o jx'can and other thin- sirable. Hickory and walnut shelled, edible nuts is, to say tiie trees can be profitably grown on least, going about doing good, second bottom land, while tiie Middle-aged farmers should not chestnuts thrive best on the hesitate to plant a few acres of more elevated ridges, nut bearing trees, as they v.ill In France and Italy 30,000,000 be almost certain to enjoy sev- bushels of chestnuts are grown eral years of })rofit from tlie every year, and thousands of trees, and will leave as an inher- bushels are exported to this THE NUT-OROWER 87 country, for which we pay a will produce hirire and pnditable high price. In four years we crops in fifteen years, imported from all sources nuts In Bulletin No. 80, recently to the value of $7,124,575. Nuts issued by the United States De- will grow here as well as in partment of Agriculture, entit- Europe, especially in the middle led "Budding the Pecan," it is and southern states. Our chest- stated that there are at least fif- nuts, shellbarks and hickory nuts ty named varieties of large size are quite equal in quality to and line flavor, which are worthy those grown in Europe, while of general cultivation. It is a the pecan is rapidly becoming wellknow^n fact that seedling the most popular nut, not only in trees rarely produce fruit ec^ual this country but in Europe. to that of the parent tree Thi? AValnuts and shellbarks are accounts for the superiority of more usually propagated by Iradded trees. The bulletin seeds than by grafting. j.arge al)ove-mentioned tells how to nuts with thin shells should be handle the seedling plants that selected from vigorous trees, are to be budded ; how and when productive of nuts of fine flavor, to select dormant buds ; gives il- As to chestnuts and pecans, much lustrations of the best method earlier, more sure and profitable of inserting and wrapping the returns are invariably secured buds and the subsequent trans- by planting grafted trees. These piuuLing of llie trc es where they frequently begin to bear in three are to remain. Every prospec- or four years and can be counted tive pecan orchardist should ob- on as coming into very good bear- tain a copy of this excellent, ing in ten or twelve years and practical bulletin. Our Inquiry Column is open their personal views and exper- for questions and discussions of iences, which are not infrequent- topics to general interest to the ly at variance with experiences industry. It is a source of sat- of others. But it is the truth isfaction to know that The Nut- we are after and established facts Grower is so carefully read that are what we need to build upon, it brings the editor many letters Theory is valuable in developing of inquiry regarding a wide facts. That is the mission of The range of pertinent features of Nut-Grower. the work. Contributors and '^ correspondents, of course, give "Industrial Development" is a s8 THE NUT-GROWER pirolication hy tiic Passenger information regarding the fruit Department oi' the Houston East interests and prospects in central hade. .„^i „„ .1 " , xt^ ^iv ^- gai.her tiiem. JNo ellort was BY N. J. SHEPHERD. made to grow them at home. We plant out almost innumer- As the land is taken up and able shade trees that yield ns improved, the woods gradually absolutely nothing besides their disappear, and in order to have services as parasols in summer some nuts to crack by the lire- und perhaps as windbreaks in side on these long evening, we winter. If nut-k>earing trees nuist either buy them or take a were planted in their stead, tlioy long trip to the river bottom to would make as good a growth, gather a supply. People now serve the purposes of the otliers begin to appreciate the value of equally well, and yield us a good nut trees in convenient nearness supply of of nuts at the same to their homes, when they have time. Nearly or quite all of our some assurance of a supply with- nut-bearing trees are hardy in out being obliged to buy or go an the larger sections of our conn- unreasonable distance for them. try. Hickory, walnut, chestnut, Some of our seedsmen and nur- pecan and tilberts — the int)st serymen are paying more atten- THB NU ir-OROWER tion to this branch of horticul- ture, and many of them are able to supply any reasonable quan- tity at reasonable prices. It is only necessary to convince far- mers that it is more profitable to plant nut trees in place of mere- ly "shade" trees. Along the walks and lanes in pastures, nut-bearing trees might be planted either in groves •r strips, and used as wind- breaks for stock, the orchard, or the farm buildings and as a combination of shade, protection and fruit — of the useful and the agreeable. — Ex. Alnnond*. Th-" f"wr> si^ecirn^ns of almonds, Amygdalus communis ana a. amara, are extensively cultiva- ted in the south of Europe for their fruit. The kernel of the former is the well-known sweet almond of our confectionery stores, that of the latter contains the bitter and highly poisonous amygdaline. Europeans use this bitter almond as a condiment or seasoning in cakes, etc., and bad people, who have worse neigh- bors, have frequently used these bitter fruits (by scattering a handful) to drive said neighbors' hens out of their gardens. As one or two bitter almonds kill a hen or squirrel, these means of protection are just as sure as 8'J they are wicked. The bitter al- mond is very little known and used among the American peo- ple, and we doubt if our enlight- ened people would use them for such malignant purposes if ev- erybody had them. The sweet almond interests us the most, particularly as it can be grown anywhere in the Unit- ed States where the peach is hardy. It is not a nut, properly speaking, but (dosely allied to the peach. The hard-shell is quite a hardy variety, with large, showy, orna- mental blossoms and a large, plump kernel. It bears abun- dantly in this latitude. The kerne! of the soft-shell is sweet and rich, but iae busii oi ireo i? less hardy and should only be planted further south. — Ex. Bulletin No. 30, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, by George W. Oliver, is devoted to "Budding the Pecan," and special promi- nence is given the author's im- proved method of budding, which will be found on another page of this issue. The work is finely illustrated and treats of all the important steps in the operation of budding the pecan, in a clear and concise manner. An ad in The Nut-Grower will help your business. >,)0 THE NUT-OROWER THE The 1903 Convention N ut-G rower. Jl^f ^^i^^ ^^""^^ji ^^^^^^^^^i (»t The ISational i^ut Growers I'ubiished monihi^^ at Poulan, Ga., ^by Association will assemble in the THE i\UT-groVer (X)MPANY. city of New Orleans, La., on the r^ ^7. ~ ^_ last Wednesday (28th) of Octo- ftubscription, 50c perannum • ^ ' her, 190o, at 10 o'clock a. m. Ar- Adventising Rates: ran2;ements bein^ made con- ■ 1 inch 1 time fi.oo 1 inch :{ times {?2.50 template a two or three days , . ^ -,.,„.. T. -- session, which will liive time tor I pagin and is a -fine appearing rtut i^iand for budded stock is far' in of exceptional -size. We a-re ^idvance of the supply, at the able to promise further informa- '/resent high prices of such ^,. cs, •tioiY about these v;i;.rieties in sub- ■ nd as the demand is like . ; [lo sequent mnubers. ■'. \ >•' acrease f-aster than the sui >;:y. THE NUT-GROWER ^>1 we may look for advanced prices wliicli is assumiiiii; iinriK'ns*' pro- by another season. But that portions in its territory, roccives condition, should it occur, will special attention. hardly deter the rapid progress ^ '^' ,..',,•,. 1 >V e are incased to call special oi establishing groves; as a good . ^ . , . ,. attention to articles m this nuin- ^o to pecan tree of a known valua))le variety is cheap at any price l)e- , .,* , ,. , ■ ' , dinii and uralting the pecan low the value ot the annual pro- ,. , , . , . ^ , . . her on improved methods of bud- .„ ^ .^^ , pro- , , Results claimed by the origina- duct. ; " , ,^ tors are a great advance on tiie The extent to whi.-h local con- »iic^'«s« attending the ordinary ditions of soil and climate alfect "^^'^^^'^ of propagating nuts, the growth and bearing of dill'er- Many of our readers are sure to ent varieties as well as the qual- test these improvements, and re- ityof pecans is an interesting suits obtained in different local- study, and as data is obtained in i^i^^^ by various operators will this line it can be used prolit- i-'»piared for insertion must be can graft all nuts with reasonable ^.^.^..^j^ tlie same lenath as the success, and look for rai)id ad- ^.^^^ .^; ^^^^ ^^^,^.^.^ j^ -^ ^^j.^^^ yance in this interesting line of ^.^.,. ^^^ ^j^^ ^^-^.j, ^,f ^^^^^^^ ^^, ^^^^^1^_ horticultural work. .^^^, ^^^.^ transverse cuts through I did not intend to give this the bark at equal distances from discovery to the public until af- ^j^^, ^,^^^^_ Two londtudinal cuts ter anotlier year's trial to l)e ab- ^^^^ ^j^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^1^^^;^,^.,^ ^.j^^ ^^,^^.,.^ solutely sure I was right. But I ^^^^-^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ -^^ ^,;^ ^^^^^^^, ^^^. find there is so much interest ta- ,he patch, which should be a lit- ken oi late m nut culture, and ^^^ ,,^.^.^. ^ -^^^.j^ j^,^^^. .^,^^, g^,^_ feel so confident that my discov- ^.^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ .^^^.j^ ^^,.^^^ .pj^^. ery is all right that I have ^,^;^^.,^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^.^^^^.^ carefully tliought It best to give it to the ^.^.^^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^1 ^^-^^ ^^ ^^^^ pub ir at once, that growers ^^-^^^ breaking and with as might avail themselves of it this little bending during tlie opera- spring; at least to the extent of tion as possible. When the op- XHE NUT-GROWER 93 enitor finds that lie does not sue- xVs u protection against tlie heat eeed at the first trial, it will be of the sun, strips of paper, 8a in- advisable to practice for a time dies Ions;- ^by (> inches wide, on wood which is of no value, should be tied around the stem The stick of buds should be of the stock an inch or two above jirasped firmly in the left hand, the bud, but covering it, allow- with the knife held by the fingers ing the bottom part to remain of the right, the thumb resting open. After the sixth day the on the bud stick. Insert the paper covering should be remov- point of the knife at one end of ed, and after the tentli day the the longitudinal cuts, pressing waxed cloth may be taken off', the blade toward tlie thumb; By tlie fifteenth day the buds this pressure will start the ]:>ark. will luive united sufficiently to Next insert the end of the handle allow of the removal of the raf- ot the knife, gradually removing fia. This method of budding will the section. The patch is pre- be found to give an exceedingly pared for insertion by first cut- satisfactory union. Experience ting the two ends as straight as has shown that with carefully possible, using a very sharp selected Ijuds from 1-year-old knife. The outer bark at the sides v.^ood and healthy, vigorous grow- ls then shaved off so that the ed- ing seedling stocks, every section ges will make a perfect fit when of bark will unite. — Bulletin No. under the bark of the stock, 30, Bureau of Plant Industry. When the bud is securely in "^ place, the two wings of bark on The AdtniraB Sci-sley Pecan. the stock are bound firmly over A subscriber asks for informa- the bud section with raffia, and tion concerning the history of as a preventative against the ad- the Admiral Schley pecan, in an- mission of water during the pro- swer to which Mr. D. L. Pierson, cess of uniting, a little soft graft- of Monticello, Fla., sends us the ing vrax may be smeared across following : the upper transverse cut and the Editor Nut-Grower : whole wrapped with a narrow Answering your valued favor, strip of waxed cloth. The wrap- beg to say that the parent tree of ping should be started at the the now celebr;rred Admiral bottom, each wrap being half Schley pecan is growing in Mis- covered by the succeeding one ; sissippi, from which place I get this will effectually keep out my supply of wood for grafting, moisture during wet weather. The tree is an earl ■ and prolific »4 THE NUT-GROWER bearer of the thinnest of paper ^ Word to the Wise. sliell nuts, and although the s]. ell Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, is so thin the nuts keep sweet a in his famous book The Auto- remarkably long time. I have crat of the Breakfast Table, re- kept them two years without fers to "country pleasures that any special care and they were never wear out," in connection sweet and nice at the end of that with stories of men who have time. If a variety has good keep- found new occupations when ing qualities it is a great point growing old. He tells a New in its favor, as there is then no England story about the plant- need to rush tliem on the mar- ing of an apple orehaad, which is ket for fear of their becoming so full of humor and suggestion rancid. as to planting nut trees as well The Schley is a handsome tree, as apples, that we quote as the bark is smooth and of a it : light c'jlor and the foliage is A young farmer was urged to vigorous and a bright, shining set out some ai^ple-trees. — No, green, making it a line ornament said he, they are too long grow- as ^^ ell as a very profitable fruit i?iS, andl don't want to plant _ , ^1 tor other people. Ihe voung tree. I planted some one-year farmer's father was spoken to grafts two years ago and last sea- about it; but he, with better son they bloomed quite freely reason, alleged that apple-trees and I confidently expect fruit on ^^ere slow and life was lleeting. .1^1- T7. 1 At last someone mentioned it to them this season. Everyone wiio -, i i ip -i e , , ^ , - -^ the old grandfather of the young sees and samples the nuts wants farmer. He had nothing else to some of the trees, and I have do,— so he stuck in some trees, been unable to supply the de- He lived long enough to drink mand for them, but I have made barrels of cider made from the 1 1 V-- ^ ^i apples that grew on those trees, a very large planting for the ^^ '^ coming season and hope to be Experiments. able to keep up with tlie orders. j,^ ^ ^.^^^^^^ ,^^.^^3 ^f buddins I wish to say that The Nut- experiments with the current Grower is improving with every season's buds the work began number and is sure t() be a source j^^^^ g_ ^j^^ ^^^^ selected were of great help to all who contem- • • n ., n ^ plate planting nut trees. With Principally the small, plump best wishes for your success I ones found at the base of the beg to remain, soft wood. At tliat date the Very truly yours, the buds were slightly immature ; D. L. PIERSON. consequently, when a large sec- THE NUT-OROWeR 'J> tioii of the hark was removed life insurance as an investnu-nv. from the wood it showed signs We have no (piarrel with life in- of injury. The cuticle peeled surance, but think it hardly fair easily, and even with great care to judge nut growing from sucli in removing buds witli section of a standpoint, as the business l)ark attached and in placing and considerations, I'eturns and fa- tying them in position, the per cility of handling are essentially centage of unions was small. Up diH'erent. Then the greatest to the end of July separate lots dilference is that when an insur- t)f the current year's buds were ance policy is once paid, that is worked at intervals of one week, the end of it; wliile the nut the percentage of unions increas- grove pays back each year the ing slightly with each week, cost of a policy and continues for Patch budding, which is merely succeeding generations to pay a moditication of annular bud- increasing dividends. The onl}' ding, Avas the method used. Tak- parallel we find in this line is ing everything into considera- that either can be ()])tained on tion, the results ol)tained could the installment i)lan in propor- by no means be considered satis- tion to the iinancial ability of factory. — Bulletin No. 30, Bu- the investor. « reau of Plant Industr.y. -^ The imjiortance of nut trees. A bill has been introduced in especially the hickory, chestnul" the Texas legislature to prevent ^nd walnut, as sources of supoly the theft of pecans from enclosed ^^^ valuable lumber, is a live, or unenclosed huKls in that state, i^iportant and practical subject GoldinaNut'shelKpricelOc) for discussion. In this issue we is the title of an interesting iiive prominent spare to the sub- booklet and catalogue issued ])v J^^^' ^"^^ ^^"^^^^^ ^'" '^^®I^ '' ^^^^^^^''' the American Plant and Seed t'le attention of our readers and Co., of Nashville, Tenn. This ^^^® P"^^^^^'" ^he time is not so hrm, in addition to listing the *'^^' ^^^^'^^^^ '^^ »i--^>^y t^^i^i'M when leading varieties of pecans, give ^e will be ol)liged to grow our special attention to the choice timber as regularly as we now varieties of walnuts and chest- Pi'^tluce staple farm crops : so jjjj^g that in the case of nut beariui: -^^ trees the production of nuts will We sometimes hear of nut become a most desiraljle by-pro- growing being contrasted with duct, so valuable, in fact, that it '*. THE NUX-a ROWER will oiihanee tht^ price of lumber l-«t Us Help You Find a Homo i'romsucli trees. in the Southweel. The Lake Bird Pecan Plant a- tion, near Moss Point, Miss., Aioufr the Cott..u Belt Uoute, where . i„ .4- .A ^1 ~f\ri ^4- ^ ^ I i- land can be bouyht for $2, §3, $5 an planted z.oOO urafted trees last . , 7 ' \ \ ,. acre up — cut-over umber land tha^ at- season and are now adding o,()00 f^^j.^ ^<,o,j ..^nj^e for live stock; rich tnore. bottom lands for corn, wheat, oats, cot- '^ ton; uplands for fruits and ve}»etab1es BOOti iNOTJGES. — peaches, pears, plums, strawberries. Part J of the American Horti- tomatoes, ponnoes. onions, melons- .•Ultural Manual (John Wiley & finding-rood markets at fancy prices in , , X7 1 ^ \ • • the iSorth on account ot excellent qiial- Sons, New York, ifl.oO) is an in- itjes and marketing- ahead of other sec teresting and instructive book tions A land where living- IS cheap— which ghonld be in the lil)rary lumber at Jr7 to ?8 a thou.sand. fuel for of every propressive h(U'ticitltnr- the cutting, ranjre for the stock near- . , -r^ • 1 r y K ly thi' vear round, s-arden truck for the ist. It IS a handsome volume of table from March to December. The over 400 pages, by Prof. J. L. farmer who pays hi^h rent in the Budd, assisted by Prof. N. E. Nortn, or tills worn out soil in the Hansen, The subject is treated East, is missiug- some of the best things in a modern Way, which includ- of life by not securing- a home in the es all important divisions of the Southwest, science, Avhile theory and prac- ^^^ite for copies of our "Homes in tice are closely allied. Chapter t^-^e Southwest," "Glimpses of South- XXII treats of Nut Culture and t-^^^t Missom-i. Arkansas and North- !*ays: "Present indications favor ^^«"' Louisiana,- ••Throug-h Texam tJie belief that during the next ^^'tli « Camera," "Fortunes in Growing decade nut culture will be ex- Fn its and Vegetables,""List of Real tended in a way that will mater- K^tnte Agents Along- the Cotton Belt." ially lessen the importation of '-neve' Dpin.g the St. Francis Country" nuts into this country.-' Speak- ' '^^^'^ Diversifier." a fruit and truck ingof the pecan, he 'quotes Mr. WTowcrs' journal. Tavlor as follows : "From the fa- <*" ^'''^' ^"^ ^'^^'■'' 'l'"^'^'i'i.vs of March voi- which exhibits of this nut ''"^i -'M>''i the Cotton Belt lloute will in tlie American Station were ^^'''o"t- way tickets from St. Louis, received it seems probable that '''''«^^'^- *'^"-" a°f^ Memphis to points a considerable export trade can '" A'l^»"-^'i-s l^ouisiana and Texas, at he developed whenever the sup- ^''^'^^'^^ one-way rate, plus *2.00. or ply of choice nuts exceeds the '-^'""^^ t..p tickets at one fare for the denumd for home consumption." '"]['''^ trip plus i^.oo. Prominence is given to the I">'- <"'! .nlormat.on address American ch(>stnut, and mention '"^- ^^ ■ '^aHKAUME, is made of the trou})le naitH, New Orleans, La. P. O. Box 1249. Nursery.-. Poulan, Oeongia (D)iriHisiffim©ffiittaill S]liiir'>T°Ii^(DIB2(DK FIHGAM (S(D)mPAHYo Growers and dealers in larg-e soft and paper shell pecans. Orig-inators of the celebratea varieties Columbian, Stuart. Van Deman and Capital. Budded, (Jrafted or .Seedling' trees for sale. Address^ either Oce.AJ( Spbijtgs, Miss. Kikkwoo1>. Ga. Pecans. LARGE PECAN NURSERY. Will furnish choice var- ietie.'». all Paper Shell Seedlinjrs, cue. two and three years old. Budded Stock from finest varieties. Will take orders for Fall and Winter Delivery. Robt. J. Bacon, Baoonton, Ga TEXAS SEED PEGAN CO. Kop.r woRiH, xrxAs. .tm Dealers In — ■• Choicest Seed Pecans for plant- ing. Establislied twelv* years. Also Seedlincc and Grafted Pe- can Trees. .Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, Enter>fii COPY (Spi iug of 1004 »tock of trees of the largest pecan in the worhi Steclilcf's Mtitn- inotH. Place j'our orders early. We fnrnish buds, etc. Seeds a specialty, t 'atalogue free on application . J. Steckler @>eed Go., L»td., KICHAIID FR0'J'SCHB:R'S Successors 518 to 526 Gravier St, NEW ORLEANS, - LOUISLAMA. BAL SCHLEY Was the winning pecau at 1 aris in 1900 and is a winner every day at home. More ounces of meat to the lb. of nuts than any other. Shell very thin but of close texture. Nuts keep sweet two years. — GRO\VEKS— MONTICELLO, - - FLORll S«nd for tv«v < ataloijuQ. )A. Fo;- '-^J.IALLE ';i!d- ded M lul grafted trees (»f choicest kiiown varieties .... SEND FOR PRICE LIST •yimum-^- ——••mmtr Mrs. C. W. Jacocks, of Formo- sa, Orange Co., Fla., wishes t(t thank her customers for their patronage and to anno'ince that the deninnd for the FsiiM®tms JJaKSdJsks MsiMiiiffiiMlhi IP©!SaLffiis has been so heavy that she is un- able to till any further orders for nuts, trees or graft wood this sea- son. Pier new catalogue will be issued early next season, when she will again be prepared to till all orders. Devoted to the Interest© of The National Nut-Growers' Assocjatlon VOLUME B. APRIB^ ought a 400 acre In recent years, owing to the tract, several miles from the large demands for telegraph and first one, which is now practi- teleplione poles, nearly all tim- cally all grafted, and in 1900 ber of bearing age has and is be- added 200 acres adjoining the ini; cut down. first tract. They now have from With a vievx' of supplying fu- 75,000 to 80,000 grovv'ing trees, ture demands for nuts, the pleas- and when regrafting is finished ure of seeing growing trees, and will probably have 90,000 trees the belief they would leave a on 800 acres. good legacy to their families, Th.ere are three distinct types ihe Paragon N {it and Fruit Com- of chestnuts, viz., European, pany was organized. In the fail Japanese and native American, of 1894, they bH)ug]it 200 acres of The varieties most extensively hilly mountain land, which was grown so far are of the European evenly ^et with chestnut and type, ami of these Paragon is partly cut down. After the grown exclusively by the Para- v>"ood was removed, the brush, gon Nut and Fruit Company for laurel, dog-v\ood, etc., was grub- market, and liears the same re- bed and burned. About forty httion to chestnut culture as thf acres were cut the year x^revious. Onjicord gra|>e to the vineyardist 1 10 THE IN UT- GROWER and the Baldwin apple to the Wiudd not reconiiueud it for cnl- orcluirdist. It lias the most im- tivation except as a furiosity. ])ortant characteristics of a prof- Several years i'.go the company i table market chestnut and has acquired a novelty in a native iieid the lead over every other seedliiiu, in which the burr is de- variety. It is a vigorous grower, void of spines. They have nam- an early, regular and abundant ed it Spineless. The burr is bearer and of good quality. It small and very thin, with two or ir^akes an unuisually thick burr, three good sized nuts o!" the best containing generally three or quality. more large nuts. Some burrs They have some twenty varie- have been found, containing ties growing on (experimental sevc^n good nuts. plots, among theni some French Vriiile on tlie xvl'o, iiie buri-s varieties which liave not yet do not fully open and tlie nits come to bearing age. usually remain in the burr u" til The chestnut is comparatively it drops to the ground. This eas}^ to propagate when grafted characteristic gives it an advaji- on sprouts of old stumps as you tage over otliers on rocrky h;;ve the root stock of trees 30 or ground, and not so many are i(! years old, and in favorable lost. Other varieties of this seasons v\^ell set grafts nuike en- type are Cooper. L-upont, Ridge- ormous growth, sometimes from ly, Scott, Hess and several oth- f>to 7 feet the first season. ers. The scions should be cut early Of the Japanese varieties, and before the first sign of devel- (Vdite a number have been in- ogling buds in the spring. They troduced by Parry Bros., of New should be kept in a cool place, Jerse}^, such as Alpha Earl}^ Re- where it is sufficiently moist to liance and Parry's Giant. By prevent drying out. A good Luther Buri)ar.k, of California, plan is to cover them with dam]> Hale, Coe and McFarland. Each sawdust. The scions should be has its individual characteristics cut from young and vigorous as to growth, shape an.d size, but trees. The method of grafting is the quality in all seems about whip, or tongue grafting, the same, and that only fair. With cleft grafting experience Of the Japans, Parry's Giant has sliown they are more apt to is rhe most eonspicuous on ac- split during storms. All cut and count of its large size. Have exposed i)ortions of the scion* had twelve to wfcigii one pound, should be well vv^axed to pre- THE NUT-GROWER 101 vent evaporation. Tlie wax used ground every day or two until is^made in the following proper- the crop is harvested. The pick- tions : ers wear heav}^ leather gloves to 4.^ lbs. rosin, open the burrs. When gathered 1 lb. beeswax, they are put in bags and at the 1 pint|linseed oil, end of the day are taken to the melted together and then work- sorting house with horse and into rolls about one inch in di- wagon, where they are weiglied ameter and five to ten inches and the picker receives credit long and kept in a cool place till for same. The nuts are then needed. placed in tight barrels and treat- Grafting is usually done from ed with carbon bi-suli:>hide, af- April 10th to 15th to May 15tii, ter which they are run through a according to season. cleaner and grader. They arc The chestnuts are comparative- graded into tlute sizes, so as to ly free from the ''latter day" make a uniform appearance, tribes of insect enemies. They The nuts wliich are wormy are are immune to San Jose scale, hand picked, after which the In dry seasons some red spiders perfect nuts are sacked in 100 are developed. The worm, or pound jute sacks and shipped to weevil that infests the nuts does market. probably the most damage. By The groves are kept closely picking all wormy nuts when mowed and the growth of natur- gathering the crop and subject- al grass is encouraged. After ing them to carbon bi-sulphide the trees get large enough for they can be held in check. Fos- cattle to be turned in it is be- sibly 15 per cent, of the crop will lieved the pasturage will be quite be found wormy and can be used a source of income, for growing seedlings or will The greatest calamity, we be- make excellent hog feed. lieve, that could befall them is As soon as the burrs slightly lire caused by gunners and oth- open which is from October 1st to er careless persons. 5th, the trees are followed and While Ave speak of cultivated those that fall readily are shak- chestnuts, tlie above plan of en off. Men, women and cliild- growing nuts is not cultivation ren are en^ployed for this pur- in the strict sense of the term, pose. Generally a whole family but, we believe, has advantage^ are assigned a plot and are sup- over planting grafted trees and posed to pick over the same giving clean culture, inasmuch 102 THE NUT-GROWER :vs you liave a stronji; root, growth vestment. ro start with, which gives you The nuts are excellent boiled ((uite a large tree in a conipara- or roasted, or when made into tively short time. pudding. In European countries Trees beji;in to hear in a small they are looked upon as a staple way the third year from grafting article of diet. In France sever- and liy the time they have reach- al million pounds are annually (h1 tlieir sixtli or seventh 3'ear used to make confectionery pre- shoiild i^ay interest on the in- pared same as candied fruits. % THE VALUE OF A NUT TREE, t Tlie actual value of a budded ing Ijudded trees — if no greater nut tree in comparison with its than the loss in pianting seed- selling price at our nurseries, is lings — becomes a large factor in a fruitful tlieme for discussion. the linal reckoning of the cost of A seedling tree costs but a few sucii trees, cents, wliile a hiivlded or grafted Tliere are, doubtless, many tree has necessitated additional men wlio will say that this pre- labor and special skill in its pro- sentation of tlie case is over- duction and the actual cost is drawn and extravagant, but they many times that of tlie seedling, will hardly be found among those An\"one familiar witli the work \\lio are actually ^jroducing bud- would undertake the growing of ded trees of guaranteed varieties, twenty-tive seedlings in prefer- The writer has no budded or ence to one Imdded or grafted grafted pecan trees to sell, and tree. To l)egin with, you need does not expect to have ; neither the seedling. Then the cost and is he interested in any nursery char;icter of the budding wood,* that advertises such stock, but at or scions, is no small item when tlie same time he has for years the losses from defective^ wood past, is now and expects for the and froin buds that do not take future as long as he lives to be are considered in the cost of the growing tlie best trees his skill comparatively few that do take, will permit and as extensively Weather conditions often cause as his capital will warrant; but losses and the utmost care in cul- he regards them as more valu- tivation is necessary. P'inally, able for planting in commercial the; h>ss sustained in transplant- groves of liis own or with com- THE NLJT-GROW&5J1.' ■ 103 panies he may organize, than to edged invt;^tinent . sell nurseiy stock at the preva- In the !i;i,|-!fc of ex])erien('e and lent prices. what v» > . i , learn from the most Aside from this claim that a reliable s iurces, we are of the budded tree costs twenty-live opinion tiiat present prices are times as much as a seedling, not afl'orriing our reliable there are otlier considerations nurseryuKu any nn)re profit than that add materially to its value, tliey deserve, and at the same The certainty that it] will pro- time we Tevl that tlie actual val- duce fruit of a known variety of .ic oi" such stock from a purely a most valuable character as commercial standpoint ir-; really compared with the problematical sever;i] i iiM< s its present cost. product of a seedling, cainu)t Growii-.g nuts is no "get rich easily be valued. In the one quii Auourn, Ala., as life and sturdv character of seed- vice-president of the Is^ational linos may or may not applv to ^^"^' ^^^'^^'^^^rs' Assocmrion for budded or grafted trees. The tliat state, will be ot interest to supposition is that they will be ^^^'^'^.^ • shorter lived, but this has yet to i>,eparationsl^)r the Conven- be proved. That they will he tion in New Orleans next Octo- less vigorous is still an .)pen ques- j^^^, ^.^ ^„^,|^j. ^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^-f^^^ ^^ ^'^°^^* The Nut-Grower will hear much However, the actual testis in about it in the successive num- the money-making qualities a bers, as the information is readv tree sho'.vs, and if it has cost ten fQ^. ^,[ie jniblic dollars up to the time of bearing -^ and then produced only fifteen Parties having nut groves for pounds of nuts, worth ten cents sale will do well to list them a pound, it w ould still be a gilt- with The Nut-Groweh and use 104 THE NLJT-GRO%VER its advert.isinii' columns. In- tion, and iind that v.u eigent t;f a ([uiries for such property tliiis Tennessee nursery has been sell- lar have been in excess of sale- ing seedling trees under the name able groves, of budded ones, and getting $1 ^ife, each for them. This is bare- Seed I Sng or Grafted Pecan faced roguery. Every agent Trees. should l)e well-posted in the var- Those who expect to plant pc- ^eties before he attempts to sell can trees should be exceedinglv pecan trees, as to their regularity .•areful about gettini;' onlv those of bearing and suitability to the that have been budded or .-rafted, climate. He should be compell- There are some nurseries that do ed to give a guaranty that the -raft and bud some of their trees, trees are true to name, and if and others that do not. Some of "ot, then they should be proceed- them trv to make their custom- ed against as frauds. One of the ers believe that seedlings are greatest frauds in this line, who just as good as those that are ^^^^^^^ from Savannah, Georgia, inidded or grafted from well- has recently been arrested, tried tested varieties that have been :^-J^- sentenced to prison, and named, such as Stuart, Van De- t'nere are some others who de- man, Frotscher, Moneymaker, ^^erve the same fate.~H. E. Y., etc.,butthisisa great mistake, in Southern Fruit Gnmcr, Anyone who has seen the tree? "^^ in bearing would rarely plant The annual meeting of the seedlings when it is possible to Georgia State Horticultural So- get the others. It is just as un- ciety will be hel:l at Athens, reasonalde to plant seedling pe- August 3rd and 4th. cans as it is to plant seedling up- "^ pies or peacb.es, because they are The California Fruit Grower uncertain as to the nuts they will for March 14th was designated produ(te. as the "Citrus Fruit Edition for And then, the "woods are full'' 1908." It contains mucji inter- of agents trying to gull the peo- esting data. A tabk, giving pie on the pecan tree business, shipments of oranges and lemons. They succeed far too Avell in many shows a surprising increase in the cases. I am now in tlie Yazoo crop, rising from 5,871 carloads valley, stopping for a short time, in 1892-3 to 24,900 cars in 1900-1, where the pecan grows in the with a falling oil' of the crop for greatest abundance and perfec- i|he season of 1901-2. TM!E NUT- CROW BR li)5 Walnut 015<>J-.t. . 50 jjiiallons of witcr. Tho I'oJIowiu.^' recommeiiiia- Slake tiie liiue in an oal-: Uar- tioMS relative to tiie prevention rel in ;i small anmunt of water, of walnut hli.uht or l)aeterio^is, When peri'ectly slaked, add are based uiion several years of en()ii;.rh water to make '25 i;-aIlo;is i'arefiil exi)eri;nents by tlie Unit- of miik of lime, ed (States Department of A.'zri- 'i'iioroui^lily d.issolve the co})- eultiire. They are given at Ihis \h^v sulphate in an oak b.irrel time to enable the ;:,rowers of roni aining 25 gallons of eold walnuts throughout the staU^ lo w;!t<,'i-. take immedirtte advrvnfage of t lie Con! inuc^ to pour one i^ailful work of the Department on tlii-s c.cli of the mil.k ol" lime and of disease so far as the experimoiis the copper sulphate solution sim- have progres^eil. ultaneously into a third oak bar- Preventative measures ujay be rel, hohling 50 or 6b gallons, un- stated ;is : (]) All infected trees til all of tiie two solutions are should be pruned carefully to re- tiius united. Stir the milk of move branches s'lowing the ac- lime as it is dipped out and pour tion of the disease in 190!^. Thor- it through a tine wire strainer in- oughly remove the dead tijis u[ to the uiixing barrel, limbs, especially those of last When the nuxture in tlie third year's growth, cutting well b;i(dv barrel is well stirred it \vill be of the diseased parts. Also cut ready to ap'ply as a spray to the away small liml>s whifdi show the tree. Spray the trees while the bluckeued scars of the past year's mixture is fresh, and stir the lat- disease. wdiere the organism cans- ter occasiomilly. The spraying ing the disease winters in the should 'be thoroughly done, and pith cavity. if possible when there is little (2) Spray the dormant trees wind. Use a spray pump which thoroughly with the i)ordeaux will maintain 120 pounds or more mixture. This work will iiive of pressure, and such nozzles as best results if done several weeks ^^^'^^ necessa>-y to reach the high- before spring- iiTOwth begins. All est limbs and do the best work portions of^the tree should be <>^t^i' 'il^ portions of the tree treated, special attention being with the least waste of spray, given to the wood of the past These are the directions as vear. forniulated by Newton B. Fierce, (3) Prepare the sprav as fol- Pathologist in Charge, Pacific lows: Coast Laboratory, Santa Ana, 5 lbs. of copper sulphate. ^^^^-^ '^"^^ may be relied on.— Cal- 5 lbs. of good quicklime. ifornia Fruit Grower. "16 THE NUT-GROWER TUB periences, which extend over a N Oi^-Q PO\^OP. '^u"^ber of years, are most valu- — able to tlie industrv. Tublished monthly at Poulan, Ga.. hv ''^ THE XUT-GKOWER COMPANY. The World's Fair at St. Louig to be hehl from May 1st to De- Subsc-riptlon, 50c per annum ,,^>,,,i^„„ i^+ io/m • i- _*2 cemberJst, iy<)4, pro]iiises to ec- Advei'tisiMg Reites: ^ipso all former ejftorts in this 1 inch 1 time ?i. 00 1 inch 3 times ?-2.50 line. The nut growers will •i pi^-e 1 '• o.oo I4 pa-e 3 •' 7.50 doiibtless be in evidence, and -^ pao-e 1 ■■ .5.50 }.( pao-e 3 " 18.75 .-, .j. ,. u-u-i. i. .li 1 pa^e 1 - 10.00 Tpa^e 3 '• 2.5.C0 ^'^^ ^":^^'^^' ''^ '^'' ^^^^^^^ b>' ^^'^ Association will be up for con- There is much reason to sup- ^i^^^eration at the New Orleans pose that a irood and regular sup- <^'Onveniion in October. Grow- pl}' of ground water contributes ^^'^ should bear in mind that materially to the size of pecan '^^^^^^' exhibits as are made will nuts. Will not sori^ '^f our ^^^ frse engag- c'ording to specifications. The ed in the business of growing and requirements were, *'two year selling of nuts and trees. iVt old roots witii one year old tops," lirst glance this i)osition seems which, of course, required tops well taken, out a little consider- to be cut buck this spring. This ation shows that the men who would produce the stock which know most about the industry the fraudulent dealers sell for and are most competent to in- genuine budded trees at high struct others are these same jnen prices, with assurances of their who are growing trees and nuts being buds from the choice var- for sale. This does not include ieties. This is a dangerous fake, the class known as jol)bers, who for it takes experience and close simply buy and sell such stolemented by the contribu- when delivered and locate sale tions of scientists connected with and delivery of the stock and the various iSrate and the Nation- then learn from the purchaser al Departments of Agriculture, just what representations v.^ere practically limits our field for made regarding the trees. This original articles. course might produce evidence "*- sutHcient to convict the criminal "To be forewarned is to be if he actually sold the trees for forearmed," and while the reg- budded stock. ular readers of The Nut-Grower Doubtless, other growers have are not likely to become victims had calls for the same kind of of the fraudulent tree vender, stock, and if they have made still it is well to keep posted on sales can see from this article their plans. We know one large how they can assist in exx^osing grower who did not avail him- parties whose mo le of o|3erations 108 THE ISUT-GROWER creates suspicioi) a- to their in- Products, some interesting stat- teiirity. i sties are given, showing the yield "8i- of mits for 1900. xVlmonds are The fame of the pecan is ^^early all produced in California spreading to distant points. A .^^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^p amounted to 7,142,- Texas member of our Associa- ^-j^q pounds. Cocoanuts are all tion has made a second shipment ^^.^^^ three counties in Florida of nuts to South Africa, as re- ^^^^ amounted to 136,600. Of ports say that trees are growing pg^ans, 3,200,850 pounds were beautifully from the tirst con- reported from 23 states— more signment to to that part of the ^j^„^ one-half from Texas, one- world. The same grower has g^^|^ ^^.^^^^^ Louisiana and one- recently made a shipment of pe- |.|,jrteenthfromMi?sissippi. Eng- cans for planting to New Soutli ^-^i^ walnuts and Madieria nuts, Wales, Australia. Tlie adapta- (o^ggs^oCS pounds, are almost en- bility of this nut to these and ^.^^^^^^ ^^.^^^^^ California. The im- olher foreign co<-:^^ries is a mat- p^^j-fation cf nuts for the year ter of much interest, and if it -j.^^^^ amounted to .$3,268,855. proves successful will greatly en- p^^^. -j^.^^ it was $4,044,391, an in- large the marlie"; for such nuts, crease of nearly 25 per cent, in The article ii^^iir March nam- ^'"^ y^^^^"- ^ beron "Nut Trees for Timl-er," ^VaJnut Growers Meet, was very favorably regarded by ^^^ ^.,^^ ^^^^_,__^^, ^^^^^^.^^^ ,^^ ^1^^ our readers and it promises to be ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ Randuto Walnut of much interest to many people, ^^^^^^.^^.^, As.<,ciation, rece.itlv particularly those engaged or ,,^.j,^ ,„ j.;,,,,, ,,,, ,1^ u<,ard of especially interested m forestry ^^j^^^^^,,., ,,^,,j,cted, except that or lumbering. I is already ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^,^^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^^ bearing fruit, as will be noticed ^ ^^. ^.^^^^.^ ^^^,^^^ ,^^^^ ^^.^^^^^^^^ l:»v the offer of Mr. Bucon, in an- " , ' , , ,„, V 1 . ^ -1 • of Ills walnut orchard, ilie new other column, to lurnish speci- , • i , i *.• a; r ' , f. • ln)ard organized by selecting oflfi- mens of pecan wood for e^xperi- ^^^^ ^^^ ^.- ^j^^^^.^ ^ ,^._ ^ (iooch,pres- mental purposes in testing its ;^^^^,.„ .y, j,,l,,,,^ vice-pres- value from a mechanical stand- -,^^,.^ dent; J. A. Montgomery, secre- ^'''''^- ^ tary; Farmers and Merchants In arecent bulU'tin oFthe De- Bnidc, bos Angehis, treasurer. partment of Agriculture on the The J. K. Armsby Co., J. B. In- Kelations of Population and Food derrieden Co., and Porter Broth- THE NUT-GROWER 109 ers Co., were appointed selling ago exactly as described, except agents, subject to contract, to be that I did not wax the buds, nor entered into later. — California did I shade them with paper. My Fruit Grower. poor success maj^ have been due '''^ to this fact. I also tried the Pecan Wood. Veneer, or patch pudding with Editor Nut-Grower : „o better results. It is true, The article entitled '-Nut Trees tJuit both these methods leave for Timber'" is not only impor- the stock in much better condi- tant, but timely. Permit me to tion for rebudding than the an- offer a word in this line, with a nular method if the first budding view to facilitating the obtain- does not take, but after many ing of practical knowledge re- trials I prefer the latter, garding the value of pecan wood. The failures in annular bud- In top working trees of consid- dino- are due, I think to the fol- erable size, I saved a limited lowing causes : Using immature quantity of mature wood, which i^kIs; haste in puttiug tliem in; is at the disposal of such manu- a bad fit of bud to stodv ; working facturers as may care to test on unthrifty stocks or stocks too its value. This wood, in small small; imperfect tying of the quantities, will be put on cars buds ; allowing moisture to get here free of cost, for use of par- i„to the cut, etc., etc. ties who may want to try its I have at times, under favor- qualities. able conditions of weather, etc., DeWitt, (ia. G.M.BACON, succeeded in getting every bud '^- to take. My onlv loss was from About Budding. j,,j^j^.y ^Q .1^; i^^^lg ^f^^^ untying. Editor Nut-Grower : I am satisfied that working on lam glad to note a steady im- three year old stocks with well proveinent in The Nut-Grower, ripened wood, say in August — I am much pleased with the seasons differ — pecans can be March number, showing as it budded by' the annular method does the great interest taken in as successfully as ordinary peach it, by the many thoughtful arti- budding is done in June, tides contributed. Great care must be taken in The article on "Improved getting the bud off the stick. Method" of budding is interest- The buds must be fresh, prefer- ing and instructive. This meth- ably cut the same day as used, od of budding I tried some years protected from drying out while no THE NUT-GROWBR using, accurately fitted to the ^^i^^^ some most extravagant stock, firmly tied with strips of statements have hetMi made as to waxed cotton cloth nicely smooth- their yield. It is possible that ed over with the finger to exclude a few trees in exceptionally good moisture, making them as near- situations and under very favor- ly airtight as possible. Unless able circumstances may have very wet weather prevails at the produced what is claimed and time nearly every bud will take. tJie yield of an acre estimated Placing the eye on the north side ^roin one or two trees, of the tree will shade it some- The farmer relying upon such what. statements, invests in seeds or Another successful way is to trees and disappointed in the re- use dormant buds in the spring, suit concludes that they are not Cut the buds as soon as they v.orth having. Pecans and cth- show signs of starting, and use er nut trees are vrorth having as soon as the bark on the" stocks and they are wortli giving some will slip. These buds inay l)e attention and cultivation. We kept in good condition for some have too few nut trees. They time in cold storage, or if put are almost without excei3tion away in moist sand in a cool easily grown and once grown place. yield for years. The old planta- I am looking lorward with tions had quantities of hickory much interest to the annual and walnut trees but they have meeting of the National Nut have been cut down fvv firewood Growers' Association here, and and no effort lias been made to expect to derive much benelit replace then). The pecan and from an interchange of ideas and the shelibark hickory grow under results of x>ersonal experiences similar conditions. Any good and experiments. I and the alluvial soil in the South will other local members will do what produce them. The English Aval- we can to make the visit pleas- nut though a slow grower is eas- ant, if not profitable, to all who ily raised on'ricli soil. The haz- attendthe meeting. el nut grows readily on well WM. NELSON. drained spots. Set out some of New Orleans, La. these nut trees now. Set them ■""^ out with as much care as you Pecan Treeo. would a fruit tree. Don't ex- Much has been vrritten and pect to get many nuts under six said recently about pecan trees or eight years, but if you don't THE INU T-GROWER 111 put them in. lunv, it will he a the business of plantiiii;' walnuts year lunger before you get re- within the next iive years. It turns. Six years doesn't seeni will be better for the industry long — when you look back on in the Ion;; run if there are no them. Don't expect any big boom features, but only an in- fortune from them, either. Tliere crease m the number of trees are not many ways to get rich in planted as knowledge of the suit- a hurry in this world, and plant- able varieties and locations is ac- ing pecans is not one of them, (juired. But when the trees get into full ^^. bearing, they will bring you in Among the various sources of some money, and you wont have acceptable and nutritious food to work very hard to get it, eith- i)roducts heretofore almost en- er. Anyway, plant pecans in tirely neglected in this country, the right place. They vv'iil make the edible nuts stand pre-emi- you good shade trees. — Southern nently and conspicuously in the Farmer. foreground, av.;.iting the skill '"^ and attention of all who seek The nut industry grows slowly })leasure and profit — to be deriv- in the Pacific Northwest, but, ed from the products of the soil. says the Oregon Agriculturist, For many centuries these mils it is growing, and the evidence liave held a prominent position continues to become more fav()r- among the desirable and valu- able. Unless troubles v>'hieh able food products of various have not yet marifested them- European and Oriental countries: selves intervene, the nut crop of not only because they were im- the Nortlnvest will be worth more portant and almost indispensable than the prune crop in tweni,,- in making up the ho isehold sup- five years, plies of all classes of the people. This ijrediccion is leased ;ij;on but often because available fov the belief that some of the best filling a depleted purse, and thf^ varieties of walnuts and fil- thing needful for this purpose berts are more relialde bearers has, in the main, been received than prunes, and that the con- from far-distant nations, who* sumption of nuts is increasing through indifFerence and neglect mueh more rapidly than that of failed to provide themselves prunes. with such a simple and valuable It will not be surprising if article as the edible nuts. — A. there is a irood deal of a boom in S. Fuller, in The Nut Culturist. 112 THB NUT-GROWER BOOK NOTICBS. a handsome volume of 400 pages. The Nut Culturist, by Andiv^w ^'ontainiiig the numerous papers 8. Fuller. Orange Judd Co., ''^^\'}^ the summer and winter XT XT , T^ • ,>-, -r. mi- meeting of the society. New York. Price $l.oO. This ^ _ work by a well known author Market Gardening with^ Ni- treats of the propagation, plant- trate, by William S. Myers, 12 ing and cultivation of nut-bear- John St. \ New York, is a 40 page ini- trees and shrubs adapted to PampWet of much interest to the , -,. ^ „,, TT -x ,0. . student and practical grower, the climate of the United States ^ ? and is admirably suited to the PUSH YUUR PECANS. needs of a large class of readers Specially prepared Fertilizers for who want practical information q\ YOUNG 'J'KEES rather than scientific knowledge /2) P)EARING TKEES. of this industry. The author be- Correspondence Invited, lieves that that a permanent and Herbert C. White, DeWitt, Ga. far-reaching industr}'- will l>e built up in this cour.try, and u ■ - ges the planting of nut trees for -^'^ experienr^ed grafter and 1 „^T 1 ^. " 1 , , biidder of Pecan trees. Capital shade, shelter and orname: t to , m .. i c ^, - . ,. , . ^ ^ not necessary. Must have reter- the exclusion of such as yield ,.„,.p. Good chance for right man. nothing of intrinsic value. Much A single man prefered. R. J. general information is given as Park, P. O. Box 68(i, Fitzgerald, to all the edi])le and otherwise ^"^'*- useful nut-l)earing trees. No g-ji^f.... onrjl-mo one can read this work carefully UbLAN OrHii'^yb without being impressed with the importance of the industry ,^^ NURSEllY ^^ and the great development and added wealth that is in store for S©aS(D)flII Il^M^'Mc the country when a better ap- ^yjji \^^, pleased preciation of its prospects leads mi, j ^ ,, . ■ n \, lo book orders now to the improving of the oppor- tunitv ^^^ Grafted Pecans. No Seedlings. The 45th Annual report of the -— — O- Horticultural Society of Missouri Q^^^^^ ^^ IPaitost^, IPrdDp'r- for 1902 has been received and is much appreciated for its valu- OCEAN SPRINGS, MISS, able and varied contents. It is Send for Price List. THE NUT-CiROVVER Hi rii NUTS rORPROFlT. r> ir>' ^5S Pages. 60 SSit!Str«tmsi®, 1 On Fr(:p(._<>-:iti<)n. Cultivnt ion, olc. of ' Nuts best iuUipti^d to v;iri^)iirt siv'.ions. '. Pi-ice. uostpaid, 50e. 'I'esf iinotiijils free. j Se. orj.ANnO. Fi..\ . \ 1=1 j.'o a g ?!? Si 8 ji ^ J " 5 a yoKr vinrKiii. m-X v.s. Dealers Bn — -boue^ Choicest See I Pecans for pl:i;ir- itiij:. Established twelve years. Ako Seedling and Grafted Pe- can Trees. Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, En;s. riii:;,srNi ts. FK.rS. S3. Geallbr*aiitJ-i. \v".\' Orleans. La. Gtlil Tree-@.e Beclitel's Pecan Niirnenfts, ^Ibsb^ And Betail TilijU. liEUiiTiJLj Ocean 8^3^71 Mis?. ^e 'irir©©s ©f tjlh© PECAN GQM^Af^Y. (TrG\vei".s and dealers in larjj-e .soTtaiKl ])apcr .s'nell pecans. Qrijjiiiators of the ceiebratei varieties (Jo!u ubni , Stnart. Van Deman and Cipital. Budded, (li-afted or Seedlin.u- trees for sale. Address either Ocb;.iN Springs. Miss. Kikkwood. G.\. ecans. go Wo W'M'BK, .iPrap^iToj Hartwell Nurseries, IIai^twell, Ga. I LARGE PECAN NUKtSEUY. Will furnish riioioe var- ieties, all Paper Shell Seedlio.as, one. two and three years old. iindded Stock- from fines; varieties. VVil; take order.-; for Fall and Winter Delivery. Kobt. J. 3aGon, Oaooralon. Q a 114 , of the largest pecan in the world S£ecikser*'s Marti- vnottn. Plaee your orders early. We fnrnish br.ds. etc. Seeds a specialty. Catalogue free on application. •J. ©tecklor ®eed Co., Ltd., lilCllAUD FKO'J\SCHER"S Successors 518 to 52(i th-avier St, NEW ORLEANS, - LOUISIANA. ^Vas tlie winning peciin at I'aris in 1900 and is a winner every day at home. I\K,.re cAiiices ot meat to Ihe lb. of nuts than any other. Shell very tb.in but of close texture. Nuts keep sveet two years. mm nm — (:iu)\'v Eits— MONTII'KLLO, - - FLORl Send for free Catalogue. DA, Along the Cotton Belt Route, where land can be bought for S2, $3, £5 an acre up — cut-over timber land that af- fords good range for live stock; rich bottom lands for corn, wheat, oats, cot- ton: upland.s for fruits and vepeiables — peaches, pears, pluras,. strawberries, tomatoes, pot;i;oes. onions, melons — fluding good markets at fancy prices in the North on account of excellent qual- ities and marketing ahead of other sec- tions. A land where living- is cheap- lumber at S7 to §8 a thousand, fuel for the cutting, range for the stock near- ly the year round, garden ti-uck for the 1 '.hie from Mai\;h to Dei^erp-ber. Tlie fcirmer who pays high rent in thp Norm, or tills worn out soil in the Fas*:, is missing some of the best things of life by not securing ii home in the Soutliwest. Write for copies of onr "Homes in the Southwest." "Glimpses of South- east Missouri. Arkansas and North west Louisiana." "Througli Texa^ with a Camei-a," "Fortunes in Growing Fn its and V>?getables,"' "List of Real Estate Agents Along the Cotton Belt." "Developing the St. Francis Country" ' The Diversiiier." ii fruit and truck growers' ■journal. On tii-st and third Tue.sdays of Marcli and .\prM the Cotton Belt Route will sell one wr.y tickets from St. Louis. Thebes. Cairo -^nd Memphis to points i:i ArkansaCj Louiaiana and "Jexas, :ii hall the one-way rate, plus :?:3.0(i. or round trip tickets at one fare fiu- the round trip plus J3.00. For full information address E. W. LaBEAUME, G. P. A T. A., St. Louis, jNIo. Til fT^ Devoted to the Interests of The Mational PSut-Growere' Associatson VOLUME K MAY 1903. NUMBER SO. i PERSONAL EXPERIENCES. \i * BY WILLIAM NELSON, OF LOUIS! AN A ' As nut growing in the South is lor the fruit and which only fit rapidly becoming a very impor- for timber. 1 am told that there tant industry, and being an un- are some trees tliat reproduce dertaking requiring some years themselves, hut personalh^ I of waiting for results it is wise know of none. There is still for those engaging in it to jnake another danger in planting seed- no mistakes in the start. I have lings. They may prove to be been asked t(3 give from my ex- poor bearers. Son]e pecan trees perience some suggestions as to are very prolific ; some are sliy the best methods of planting and bearers and some are barren. The caring for a pecan grove. conclusion from all this seems to As a rule, the pecan does not be against jjlajiting seedling ^^.- come true from seed. One may can trees. plant the finest nuts obtainable For the last ten years or so, and get not 10 per cent good nurserymen in the South have nuts from such seedlings, as been turning their attention to all our finest nuts are hyl)rids or the advancement of this very crosses. The tendency of seed- important industry. Through lings from hydrids is not toward careful selection of already ex- a reproduction of itself, but to- isting varieties there has been ward a kind inferior to the par- adopted a num!)er of very fine ent tree. Thousands of such seed- kinds. These are now l)eing lings would have to be planted propagated by budding and and fruited before getting even grafting on the seedling stocks, one as good or better than the Most of these varieties have original nut planted. One would been named by the discoverer, have to wait ten to fifteen years and are all more or less valuable, to find out which of these seed- It would be well to have an ex- lings would be worth preserving hibition of all these kinds, adopt IIG THE NUT-GROWER standards and eliminate all syn- trees. onyms. In my opinion, it is use- In all deep, rich soils the trees less to propagate a number of should be planted 70 feet apart, like kinds. This matter will In lighter soils 40 to 50 feet will doubtless be taken up by the be better. Dig the holes 2-| to 3 National Nut Growers' Associ- feet deep and about as wide. Let ationat its next annual meeting the holes be dug sonu^time before in New Orleans and satisfactor- planting that there may be no ily arranged. delay wiiile planting. Get 3'our Grafted or budded pecan trees trees from some reliable nursery- will priuluce nuts exactly like man. Do not mind paying a those of the tree the bud or scion seemingly high price for thera, was taken from. The bud or but be reasonably sure that you graft is simply a continuation of are getting what you w^ant. The the growth of that tree, tJie same cost per acre for trees is small; as a cutting or layer would be, at $2.00 per tree it will be only therefore the fruit must be the $18.00 per acre for trees planted same. There is sometimes a bud 70 feet apart. This is not a large variation, but this chance is so first cost for trees that will live remote it is needless to take it in- and bear for a century or more, to consideration. I Vv'ill say Plant early. December and iiere, that I am inclined to think January are the best months that budding or grafting lias a for planting. They may be plant- tendency to promote abundant ed up to 1st March, or until the bearing. I do not mean that sap starts in the spring, but ear- this results inunediately, but af- ly planting is best. The trees ter a few generations of buds or get set in the ground, cut roots scions, taken always from budded heal over long before there is or grafted trees I know tliis to be evidence of any growth in the true of some fruit trees. I think tree. it will prove to be tlie casc^ v.illi Pecan trees should be careful- pecans. It follows, I think, i'r(/ui ly planted. Surface soil only ail this, that it is wisest to plant siiould be used about the roots, b.idded or grafted xjecan trees. roots properly straightened out Having so far decided what to and the soil packed firmly l)lant, let us see how to plart. abont them. Allow for the set- If the gnmnd to be x)lanted is in tling of the soil. The tree should cultivation, little is needed but stand as deep in the soil after to dig the lioles and i)lant the planting as it stood in the nur- THE INUT-GROWER 117 sery but no deeper. Mulch pecans require little or no prun- tlie trees well. Water when inj^;. After the trees are ten feet necessary. In the following or more high, cut off all branches spring and vsummer remove the below six feet from the ground, mulch, loosen up the soil about or all that are in the way of a the tree three or four inches deep team passing under them, and replace the mulch. Do this, I advise the cultivation of the say about four times, the first ground between the trees. Coi-n, season. No fertilizer need be cotton, or any annual crop may used in planting. After the trees be grown. The stirring of the get a good start, fertilize liberal- soil, the fertilizers used on the ly. I lay much stress on the crops will benefit the trees. If proper planting and care of the it be not convenient to do this, trees the first year. If the trees the ground may be used as a start off well, their aftergrowth meadow for hay or as a pasture is assured. for stock. In the latter cas':' the I know of no reason why a pe- trees must be protected from the can tree should die on transplant- cattle while young. After they ing if carefully taken up, proper- are ten or twelve years old cattle ly planted and it receives the cannot injure theMi. necessary care after planting. As to varieties, it is be^t to Most farmers know that they plant several kinds in the same cannot make a croi) of cotton or block. xVlthough the pecan is self corn or anything else without fertile, ihe male mid female blos- proper preparation of the soil and soms appea'-ing -.'ii the same tree, the necessary cultivation. Yet the catkins, or |)ollen bearing or- many farmers plant trees and gans, appear some time before expect them to grow as a matter the nut bearing blossoms and it of course. They are surprised, may happen that the pollen has later, to find these neglected become defective from some trees dead or dying. They are cause before the nut bearing usually very indignant with the flowers are fit to receive it, and nurseryman for sending them as there is usually some differ- trees that did not grow. Al- ence in the time of blooming of though pecan trees will grow and the different kinds it follows do fairly well with little atten- that the perfect fertilization of tion, they repay manifold all at- the blossoms is more apt to tention given them. occur where more than one var- Unlike most other fruit trees, iety is planted. 118 THE INUT-liROWER ^ NUT TREES FOR SHADE m2> I I AND ORNAMENT... ^^^^ $ Every city, town and vilhiiie We would not for a moment in the land gives evidence of discourage the planting of trees some spasmodic or persistent ef- for shade and ornament, but in fort to beautify streets and pub- this article we desire to call at- lic grounds with trees. Nearly tention to the fact that there is all homesteads, either in city or room for great improvement in country, where space permits, the selection of the typical and- have their complement of shade most valuable varieties for such trees. If the total cost of the uses. shade trees could be summed up, Many kinds have been tried — the cash actually paid for trees and found wanting in some par- that grow and for those that do ticular. The majestic elm is not not grow, the labor necessary to so popular now as formerly ; naa- plant, fertilize and prune into pies and various f)ther favorites graceful form, the interest on are unable to withstand the vic- value of land they occupy, the issitudes of city conditions; the annual cleaning up of leaves as Carolina poplar was, a few years well as all other items of expense ago, thought to be the tree ful- — it would make an amount re- filling all the requirejnents, but garded as an investment of aston- it has some defects and fails en- ishing proportions, and one from tirely in meeting what we re- which no pecuniary returns are gard as the most essential re- obtained, except through the quirement, viz., profitable food Bale of property thus beautified, crops. which gives it an enhanced val- In a tree for shade or orna- ue. ment, majestic form, beautiful However the annual crops of and abundant foliage, hardiness, leaves which are seldom utilized, long life and vigorous growth are have, in shade and ornament af- essential charactensl ics. Sup- forded a satisfactory interest on pose we require ai.-. > that the the investment, or the custom of wood of shade trees sh.all have a planting such trees would long high intrinsic vf.liie, and that since have been abandotud. they shall produc ■ annual and TH'3 r^'UT^OROWEK 119 profitable crops while fiillilling trees should be exercised that is their mission for shade and orna- taken by the thouglitful men who uient. are iiOAv planting commercial nut >'ut bearing trees, such as iiroves for profit. They consult chestnuts, sheiibark hickories, tlie most competent and reliable pecans, walnuts or butternuts, men that the nursery and nut all rival the elm, maple, asli, "rowing industries afford, and poplar and the many otncr kinds are governed by their advice in of street trees, in beauty of form clioice of trees, manner of plant- and foliage, are sure and rapid ing and subsequent care and cul- growers when well started, be- tivation, sides making wood of the high- "^^ est commercial value. PolSinetsoji. Since tliey cost no more tlmn A great deal of stress is laid the ^kinds in general use and up^n pollination. What are the meet ail the requirements for facts? ornament and shade, we see no Most isolated trees will mature reasonable excuse for planting a crop of nuts every year, if the miles and miles of trees that fail trees are of the right kind and to produce neither valuable tim- variety. I knew three trees on beror profit, I :.le annual crops. Ked River, near Alexandria, 2h No trees will live longer or to 3 feet in diameter, with beau- withstand better climatic and tiful, large tops, which did not city vicissitudes, and when of i)ringapeck of nuts in anyone sufficient age they become sub- year, when each tree was large stantial S'.surces of increasing enough to bring a half dozen profit for years to come, and in barrels. This shows only that fact, while being a "thing of barren trees never will !)ear, no beauty," come as near being "a matter how good the soil. It is joy forever" as anything that simply the difference between human agency can establish. a tree naturally barren and one This is an imijortant matter naturally prolific, and should be carefully consider- Thisjbrings the question right ed, not only by property owners home — seedling or graft? but by municipal and public cor- In the graft we know all the porations as v/ell. In planting faults and good points of the nut trees for street or park orna- bearing tree, mentation, the same care and V/hat does anyone know about skillful selectioii of varieties and the seedling? 130 THE NUT-tiROWER Question! Guesswork! shell or ehaiibark, and the while CHAS. E. PAEST. heart hickory. In iavorable (^ceaii Springs, Miss. sections south of 1 he latitude of ■^ 40 degrees the pecan can be eas- More INut Trees Will Pay. ily grown. The black walnut and the bu'- The hickory in its vaii^ties is ternut may be grown in almost perhaps less particiiiar in its >-'oil any deep, rich, moist soil. They requirements than :>.)iy otlier each have a wide range and thrive nut tree. It is loiiiid on sandy in almost any good soil that is ridges, clay hillsides aiid rich not too dry. These two well lowlands. It is a tree tliat de- known nut trees are often found lights in a shade of ur.uerbrcsh, together, but the walnut is more but grows well in open groves. common in ths south and west. Hickory nuts are extremely var- the butternut in the north and iable in size and qruilily. Only east. the large, thin-.'holied, SM'eet- The chestnut has a somewhat kerneled varieties should be se- narrower range, l)ut succeeds lected for planttng. well on most sandstone ridges Tlie pecan is a s(.- are the better varieties of the iA:i\ e vou tried li;at ad in Tue THE NUT-GROWER • 121 Grotter yet? If not, why not? in his stiite during the year. He It's sure to bring good returns. shall promote the welfare of the .^ Association in all ways in his ^, , , « , . power. He shall be the accred- Ihe total number of nuts ship- ., , ... .<• i.u a ^r ,^ if^d representative oi the Asso- ped troin the Amazon Vallev to • .• . n 4.- 4 ' ^ , , . „ ^^« , ■ , ciation at all meetings and ex- May 7th, last IS 8,9o3 tons and 1 •, •*.• e • «. • 1 • •' ' , ,, 1- ., 1 hibitions or importance m his has been about equally divided , , tt . n • .1 _ ^ '■ ^, state. He siiall receive and between Ji,urope and the ..1 i> 3 4. n c ^^ . ., ^ x^ , . . ,. promptly forward to the becre- L nited states. Estimates tor , ,, ' ■ 4.- \ . . . „ ,, tary all communications on As- the remainder ot the season vary '. , . ^, ,. , , ^ , . . ,. , sociation matters trom members greatly- Certain sections which , ,, - 1 • i. 4. -.li 1 • ; "^ .. ,. 1 , i^iid others m Ins state with his have generally supplied large .l 1 j *.- n \ , " comments and recommendations quantities ot nuts have sent very ^, , . ■ tliereon. few, owing to the opening of new ' ,^ rubber tields in their vicinity, Editor Nut-Grower : which are more profitable to the ^^ ^^ ^„ ^^^ sincerely hoped that Indians than the nuts. Up to ^j^^, National Nut Growers' As- date, the crop of this season is lo gociation's Committee on Nomen- to20per cent less than that of dature, Staudards and Classifica- lastyear. The average quality tjons will settle upon one name of the nuts has been excellent.— ^■^^^. ^.^^,^ ^^ ^l^^g^ well-favored California Fruit Grower. ^.^.^^^^^^ ^^,{,^^1^ ^,.^ „^,^,. bearing '^' the burden of half a dozen nam- In the preparations for the es, to wit : Smith, Jones or Brown New Orleans convention, next as the case may be, while the October, the State Vice-presi- nuts are identically the same, dents become important factors. I). GALBKEATH. The constitution of the Associa- New Orleans, La. tion makes them advisory mem- bers of the Executive Committee, Some growers in the southern while Bylaw No. 5 reads as fol- end of the state are already talk- lows: ing about the coming walnut "The State Vice-presidents crop. The catkins do not ap- shall each make an annual re- pear to be fertilizing the nuts, port to the Association of pro- according to reports. If this hv gress in nut culture and tlie food true, a shortage in the output or industrial uses of nuts and for the coining year is i)robable. their products that have occured — California Fruit Grower. 12i ^ THE NUT-GROWER TUB nut growino- industry. Itislike- N Ut-Q POWO Pc ^^' ^'^^^^ ^°"^® "^"^^'^ ^^'^^^ ^'^ "^^^^^^ — ^ at the next coiiveiition with a PuWi.shed monthly at Poulan, cia.. by view to iiuuiouratiiiii; general THE NUT-GKOVVER COMPANY. work of this kind. ^ ^ StBbscriptJon, 50g per annum * • i , ^ An industry that can he advan- Aciver-sising R£»tes: tageously conibiiK (1 witli nut ! incli I tiu.e UAH) 1 ,„ei) a limes s?'2.50 growing is the production of lion- < paov 1 •• 5.50 ^- - " " ^-^ • -"^'^ through !he ISouthern V pagp 3 '' 7.50 1.3 pagre ?> " 13.75 1 pao-e 3 '• ■25.00 I pa. No one can predict the whole root or cut it off. But how rapidly or to what extent few of our growers have the and importance it will grow but courage of their convictions or potentially great and permanent the money to back it up to take additions to our agricultural re- up all of a two year old pecan, sources are present and The Nut- The diificulty is not over when Gr(A/er is the instrument for ex- we conclude to leave a good part ploiting them. An article in our in the ground to be a source of March number on Nut Trees for future trouble, but a new prob- Timber points out an im})ortant lem presents itself, namely, feature of the work that it sug- where to cut, at six, twelve or gests — that the nut crop, valu- eighteen inches, or take half and able as it is and will continue t<> leave half. It would be inter- I)e, may eventually bo but a by- esting to know just which half is product, incidental to the great- the most important or valuable er timber value \ a the members of the National program of great value to tlie in- Nut Growers' Association on the dustry. success of the first convention, I earnestly urgo attendance, evidences of which become more not only on t!ie part of nut grow- and more apparent as time rolls ers but also of farmers, who in on. The advantages growing out this industry have great oppor- of the Association's work, direct- tunitios for increasing their rev- ly and indirectly (too numerous enues. to be mentioned in detail), can- Tlie co-o]>or:'J ion and assistance not fail to be seen and apprecia- of the agricultural and general ted by all who have kept in pi"ess in promoting this public m- touch. dusiry is earnestly solicited. The future has much in pros- In conclusion, I desire to thank pect, as questions of great com- in the name of the Association, mercial and economic impor- the United States Horticultural tance afford open doors for the and Pomologicai department and sj'stematic and beneficial move- the officers of Experiment Sta- ments which our organization tions of several states for cour- has developed. Inventions and tesies extended and services ren- discoveries of especial interest dered and to express every con- and great prospective value are fidence in a continuance of same, coming into view, while the wide G. M. BACON, President, dissemination of reliable inform- "'**- ation regarding nut growing is Pollirjation . acting as good seed in fertile A great deal of stress is laid soil and X->i"«"iises an abundant upon pollination. What are the harvest. facts? The officers of the Association Most isolated trees will mnture have proven themselves efficient a crop of nuts every year, if the and enterprising and active co- trees are of the right kind and operation with them will i)e of variety. I knew three trees on great benefit. Red River, near Alexandria, 2A I particularly call attention to to 8 feet in diameter, with 1)eau- the desirability of New Orleans tiful, large tops, which did not '3F 1J^ THE NiJ.iricultural Department of tl)e G. S. & F. Ry., has recent- ly issued a neat sixteen-page pam;)li!et^ on "Truck '"••^■uiing in Florida.'- It shows . lat there has !;een a rapid increase in tliis industry, particularly in North Florida, iind makes special men- tion of celery, lettuce, tonuitoes and egg plants as yielding renu- merative crops. This pamphlet, as v\-ell as ollu-rs of a similar (diaracter may he had by sending two cents for each to Maj. W. L. Gle=;sp.er, Commissioner, Macon, Ga. An Ocean Springs, ]Miss., sub- scriber says, ''The Mississippi pecan crop is said to promise tine, the trees being well loaded this year." Wanted. An exyjerienced grafter and budder of Pecan trees. Capital not necessary-. Must have refer- ence. Good chance for right man. A sin ale man prefered. R. J. Park, P. O. Box 686, Fitzgerald, Ga. TusTrY^DUR PECANS. Specially prepared Fertilizers for (1) YOUNG TREES, (2) BEARING TREES. Correspondence Invited. Herbert C. White, DeWitt, Ga. INGS PECAN EBY^ Will be pleased To book orders now For Grafted Pecans. No Seedlings. OCEAN SPRINGS, MISS. Send for Price List. IN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS MENTION THE NUT-GROWER.... Pioey Pork INoreery... (Sai!r(Q)Mffiiai P^pHaiirs €)iriKLaiiffiii®ffiittgaIl SHarMlbs GfliidDiG© S©@dl IPcgGaiHis THE NUT-C5ROWER 129 HUTS FORPROnt. 158 Pa^es. 60 Illustrations. On rropog'alion, Cultivation, etc., of Nms best adapted to varioub .sections. Price, postpaid, 50c. Testimonials free. Et-ig1is8-i WairiMts, Maderia. vlcipari Weslni-its, Sieboldiana and Cor'riforinis. l!v Uiail, 25c per doz.. .1*1 00 ])Mi- 1(10. Jno.K. Parry, Parry P.O.fN. J. Dec. 1 to April 15. ORL.AN DO, FLA . OK J' \\ UK m, Dealers in (.Uu)i(^est 8ee:l I-'ec:ins f iiig. Established twel Also Seedling and Gr; can I'rees. Japan C Jai)aii \Valnuts,E!mlish l)()tli nuts and trees. Facts in a Nut Shell. TKCAXS. WALNUTS, CHESTNUTS. FWrS. O. GallbJ^aitH, New Orleans, La. '. O. Box 124U. if ted Pe Chestnuts, Walnuts,' Bschtel's Pecaii Nurseries, Seiid for _?' • • o 2@©dH3iigs IPirciDsm Tir©©s (d1! (tk© Ba:e THEO- BEGHTEL, Ocean Springs. Miss. STlUAI^T°ieiBS(D)M PESAN €(Q)MPAMYo Growers and dealers in larg-e soft and paper shell pecans. Orisrinators of the celebratea varieties Columbian, Stuart, Van Deman and Capital. Budded, (irafted or Seedlinjj- tree^- for sale. Address either Ocean Spkings, Miss. Kikkwood, Ga. Varieties. So Wo PIEIBIKp JPirdDip^os, HaRTWELL NJCmSERIES, Hartwell, Ga. •^^^^ LARGE PECAN *anS. ?'URSERY. Will * *" **^ • lurnisb choice var- ieties, all P,aper Shell t>ecdlioos, one. two and three years old. Budded Stock ffom finest varieties. Will take orderts for Fall and Winter Delivery. ' Robt. J. Bacon, Bacon ton, Ga THE NUT-tilROWER V/ORLD ^ ^ ;-:.. I^fer/!;. bet Us lielp You Find a Home in the Sonithwest. c6^ fJs^^?^:i^^&3su^?Ss^:^;;«. We are the pioneer pei;an budciers o'' the State of Louisiana, and perliaps of the world. We have the three best varieties. FrotsG'13 r's E*^ ©heBi, iSome arid Gentereoial; and will have for the Spring- of 1904 stock of trees of the laro-est' pecau in the world Steckler*'s Marn- t-notli. Place your orders early. We Inrnish buds. etc. Seeds a specialty. Cataloo-ue free on application. J. ®teckler ©eed Go., Ltd.. RICHx\RD FRO'J'SCHER'S Sucoessoks 51S to 52(i Cravier St, -VEW ORLEANS. - LOUISIANA. Was the winninj? pecan at Paris in 1900 and is a winner every day at home. INIore ounces of meat to the lb. of nuts than any othei". Shell very thin but of close texture. Nuts keep sweet two years. — GROVvERS- MONTICELLO, - : FLORIDA. Send for free Cataloprue. Alouf? the Cotton Belt Route, where land can be bovg-ht for $2, $3, $.5 au acre up— cut-over limber land tha^, af- fords g-ood rang'e for live stock; rich bottom lands for corn, wheat, oats, cot- ton; uplands for fruits and vegetables — peaches, pears, plums, strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, melons — finding- g-ood mai-kets at fancy prices in the North on account of excellent qual- ities and marketing- ahesid of other .'■ec- tions- A land v.here living is cheap- lumber at S'7 to $8 a thousand, fuel for the cutting-, raT:g-e for the stock near- ly the year round, g-arden truck for the table from March to IVeember. The farm'^r who pays hig-h rent in the Nortn. or tills worn out soil in tht Eas^, is missing some of tlie best things of life by not securing- a home in the Sonthwt'st. Write for copies of our •"Homes in the Southwest." "Glimpses of South- east Missouri. Arkans'.is and North- west Lonisianu." "Through Texas with a Camera," "Fortunes in Growing Frv its and Vegetables," "List of Real Estate Agents Along the Cotton Belt." "Deve'Dping the St. Francis Country" • The Diversifier." a fruit and truck growers' journal. On first and third Tuesdays of March and Apr'l the Cotton Belt Route will sell one way tickets from St. Louis. Thebes, Caii'O -aTid Memphis to points IE Arkansas;, Louisiana and Texas, at hall the jne-way rate, plus ii?2.00, or round trip tickets at one fare for the round trip plus $2.00. For full information address E. W. LaBEAUME, G. P. & T. A., St. Louis, Mo. The Nut-Gro^\^er Devoted to the Interests of the National Nut-Growers' Association Volume I. JUNE, 1903. Number 11. Japan Walnuts. By A. W. Xewson, Tennessee. There are three distinct varieties of walnuts grown in Japan, of which two are indigenous and one im- ported. The English walnut (Juglans Re- gia) originated in Persia, but does well in Japan, the only difference between the nuts imported from France and Spain (Greenobles) and those imported from Japan being that those imported from Japan have a little harder shell and are browner in color. The seedling trees grown from Japan grown nuts of English walnuts are stockier in their habit of growth and the leaves are a darker green, thicker and more leathery in appearance. Our observation and experience leads us to believe that trees grown from Japan nuts will stand a greater degree of cold with- out injury than either California or European grown nuts. The only two distinct varieties of walnuts indigenous to Japan are Sieboldii or Suboldianna and Cordi- formis, all other so-called distinct varieties being strains of superior merit of either one or the other of J these varieties ; or crosses between these two varieties, one with the other or with the English walnut. We think these two varieties should be called Juglans Japonica, and when one or other of these va- rieties are to be designated it should be Juglans Japonica Sieboldii or Cordiformis as the case may be. Sieboldii is a rather hard shelled nut, with a kernel of mild, sweet flavor. The nut is oblong, with lit- tle rough channels on the outer side of the shell. Cordiformis is a heart shaped nut rather flattish, perfectly smooth, and most of them come to a sharp point. The shell is quite thin, but not so thin as the English walnut. Being joined by sutures that part easily it is easily cracked, a very slight blow being sufficient to part the shell in- to halves, when the kernel can be taken out whole. It is the most valuable nut we know of, excepting always the finer varieties of pecans. The Japan walnuts bear at from four to five years from the time they are transplanted and from five to seven years from seed. They are rapid growing trees, and in good, 132 THE :XCT-GKOWKK fertile soil -a little moist — will grow faster than a soft maple and fully as fast as a catalpa. They are as easily transplanted as an apple tree, being abundantly fur- nished with laterals and will com- mence bearing quite as early. They are perfectly hai'dy, having stood with us 10 degrees below zero, and we believe that they will stand at least 20 degrees belov/ zero. In short we believe that they will thrive anywhere that the black walnut will. As a shade tree we do not know any tree that compares with it. We have trees on our grounds now at two years from seed that are seven feet high, and an inch and a quarter in diameter. We have trees that were grafted on to one year old black walnuts this spring that are now five feet high w^ith every indi- cation of their reaching eight feet high before fall. (By the way, we have succeeded in doing what authoxities on the subject say cannot be done, and that is to graft both Japan and English walnuts on the black walnut, and do it successfully; and we feel very proud of our success in this hne. We have Japan walnut Cordiformis three years old that are ten to twelve feet high and two inches in diameter. Of course these heights and sizes are unusual and the ground is very fer- tile, but no fertilizer of any sort was used. If any one knows of any tree that will make a faster growth we shall be glad to hear from them. Its quick, rapid growth, its stocky, sturdy habit, its long, dark, pinate leaves holding on until frost and pre- senting throughout the entire season a beautiful tropical appearance makes it the most valuable tree we know for shade and ornament. We meas- ured a leaf last fall that was five feet two inches long. The very young green wood is a light brown, turning to a whitish gray as the wood ripens up and gets older. Sometimes the young wood is perfectly smooth and sometimes it is covered with brownish hairs. This is also true of the underside of the leaflets. There is quite as large a range in the shape and size of the nuts as there is in the appearance of the trees. A general rule may be laid down, that the brown wood with hairs and brown, hairy imderside of leaves is supei-ior to light, smooth wood and smooth leaves, the trees bearing nuts larger and of better flavor. As a shade tree for avenues and drives, we do not know a tree to compare with it in any way, and aside from its nuts it would be a valuable tree alone for its shade and ornament. Unlike our black walnut, the stami- nate and pistillate flowers are marked by a wide difference. The pistillate flowers are quite large, about three inchesin length and about two inches across at the base and of a light rosy pink color. The stamin ate flow- ers are exactly like oar native black walnut. In subsequent issues I will take up the Japan hybrid walnuts. THE NUT-GROWER 133 Pecans— Distance. By Chas. E. Pabst, Mississippi. Texas must be a queer countiy when it will take fifty years for jDecan trees to crowd each other when planted 20x20 feet. Here m our poor, sandy piney-woods soil it will not take twenty years for limbs to interlace with each other when plant- ed that close. I have transplanted trees 30x40 and twenty years old, which are crowding each other so that I will be compelled to cut out. In planting 125 trees to the acre you will get nuts only on top of the trees where the sun and air can reach them, all the nuts inside will be small and must be culled to make a fair sample to sell. In planting this close you will certainly have shade trees as long as they last. Do you plant only for yourself or for your descendants too ? Are you so selfish as to think only of the years you will reap the benefit, or are you willing to let your grand- children participate when you have joined the majoritj'? Where do the immense j'ields come from, 20 to 30 bushels of nuts per tree? Those are isolated trees with plenty of room to extend roots and limbs. This root question seems to be overlooked altogether by the advo- cates of close planting; you ma}' bank on it that when you commence crowd- ing the root system you have lost the battle; no matter how heavy you feed the trees, the axe will be the only remedy. It is just as needful for the roots to have plenty of room and more so, as for the tops to have air and sun. It is an old saying that the roots of the tree extend as far only as the limbs; this is a great mistake. You may put fertilizer way beyond the tops and if you are curious, try next winter and dig down and you will find the spot a mass of fibrous roots, gathering in the good things for trees 20 to 30 feet away where the tops are only 20 to 25 feet in diameter. Whoever plants 125 trees per acre will be compelled in a short time, if trees are well taken care of (as they should be), to cut out three-fourths of the trees, otherwise the lower and inside limbs will surely die and keep on dying the higher the trees grow. This is a well known fact. I expect to plant 600 gi-af ted trees this fall in rows 50 feet apart, so as to give room for best results. Would I be so foohsh as to plant this way if I was not satisfied this would give me the greatest profit ? Surely the expense would not be felt by me as much, as I raise my own trees, and could just as easy plant as close as advocated by some tree sellers. The propagation of nut trees for timber resources with a valuable by- product, is treated with considerable clearness in an article headed, " Nut Trees for Timber," elsewhere jn-inted in this issue of the Journal. — From the Lumber Trade Journal. 134 THE ]^sUT-GROWII:R Pecan Talk. By D. Galbreath, Louisiana. The pecan culture has and is at- tracting the attention of many per- sons for the past few years in the South and bordering states. Why should it not be so ? If you live in the pecan belt and possess 60 acres of land, or I might have said " forty acres and a mule," then you are in line to move forward on the path of prosperity. To become a successful pecan grower you must be industrious and must possess a patience of ten years' durability. I think I hear the reader say : " Ah ! another fad, this pecan craze ; I should get no benefit of this, my labor, in my day." But your wife and children might. A grove is better than a savings bank. But let us take up this pecan subject and analyze it from a practical point. I knew a man not a hundred miles from New Orleans who became af- fected of the pecan fever some years ago. He purchased a hundred bud- ded four or five years from seed, two or three years buds of the large size, soft shell variety. The trees are now some fifteen years old, in fruit, and from every indication have from twenty to twenty-five pounds of nuts each. At maturity this fruit will command 30c. to 40c. per pound. Now this is not so " dusty." Now let us come a little nearer home, and figure on the actual cost of bringing a pecan from seed to the nut producing stage. I am speaking of the budded, soft shell varieties. Such from nurseiy to grove, four to five years, cost $2.50 each, and at the close of ten years fx-om seed you have a tree costing $5.00. If you have cultivated other crops in the grove your trees are in fine shape, yielding an increased quantity of nuts from year to year. Pecan Wood. By E. E. Risin, San Saba, Texas. Editor Nut-Grower : - In your last number, Mr. G. M. Bacon, of De- Witt, Ga., asked for some practical knowledge regarding the value of pecan wood. Twenty-five years ago the writer was working full time making chairs out of pecan wood. As Austin, 100 miles from here, was our nearest rail- road point, I had no trouble selling about all I could make singlehanded at one dollar each for the naked frames. Rawhide was used alto- gether for bottoms, sometimes solid, sometimes cut up into strings. Then most people prefei-red j)utting in their own bottoms, but as the rail- road extended in this direction my work had to come into competition with the northern product, chairs already bottomed at the price I was getting for the frames. Still, this left a good margin, but finally com- petition became so keen I had to turn my attention to a more remunera- tive business. In almost any of the houses of these old settlers here to-day my make of chairs are still to be found in everyday use, and in every in- THE NUT-GROWER 135 stance the roughest seryice is put on them becaiise of their strength — made out of pecan. Now, with the railroad in twenty miles of us and chairs shipped in by the thousand selling at fifty and sixty cents each, I am told that the chairs I made out of pecan aud sold are the cheaj^est. Haying had no experience in using the wood anywhere but here, I know nothing of its qualities in other parts. Some of it is so tough I can only compare it to so much wire twisted together. As to its value for axe handles, that is a foregone conclu- sion with every one here. In speaking of the uses to which pecan wood has been put, it always did seem a sin and a shame to see the best trees cut down to make clapboai'ds, and it is now the opm- ion of many of the old settlers that some of our best varieties were en- tirely destroyed in this manner. It was not an uncommon thing for shiftless, nomadic people to ciit down trees in order to gather the crop of nuts. Thanks to our legislature, this wanton destruction has been stopped. Grafting the Chestnut. If a farmer has a j)iece of land that is growing up to chestnut sprouts, and wants to work it into a pasture, with enough of the sprouts left to make sufficient trees for shade, it may be done cheaj^ly and profitably. The trees will occupy some space and detract from the pasture but if they are worked into good varieties they will pay for it and a good profit besides. The variety that I prefer above all others, so far as I now know of those that have been well tested, is Paragon, although there are other good ones. It would be better to graft than to bud the sprouts, as there has been very little success in budding the chestnut. The time to graft is April, in the northern part of Maryland and simi- lar regions. Some prefer to graft the chestnut early, that is, before the bark will peel, while others have better success later in the season. My experience leads me to follow the latter practice. In either case the scions should be ciit before there are any signs of the buds starting and put them in a damp and very cool place, that they may not start in the least, if kept for late grafting. The method of grafting is not mate- rial, although the ordinary cleft style is as good as any, except after the bark peels readily, when the bark method is the best. For the latter the graft is trimmed to a point, from one side only, and with a very long slope, and shpped under the bark at the top of the stump, after a slit has been made through the bark only. "When simply tied with a cotton string and waxed carefully a larger portion has succeeded with me than of those set by the cleft method. — H. E. V. D. in Kural New Yorker. THK XUT-GROWKR The Nut=Qrower. Published monthly at Poulan, Ga., by THE NUT GROWER COMPANV. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 time $1.00 1 inch 3 times 3/.50 14 page 1 " 3.00 I4 page 3 " 7.5o i^pagel " 5.50 i2pag:e3 " 13.75 1 page 1 " 10.00 1 page 3 " 25.00 Press Bulletin No. 40, of Georgia Experiment Station, is devoted to Bird Protection. It shows the ex- tent to which legislation has been carried in the different states. * * One of thd practical features of the Convention will be the bringing together of buyers and sellers of nuts and nursery stock. This makes the advertising space in Badge Book a valuable and convenient feature of the convention arrangements. * * * It may be of interest to our sub- scribers to know that The Nut- Groavkr goes regularly to the Agri- cultural Department Library at Washington, and to similar libraries in a number of the states. It is also sent to fifty experiment stations in the United States, and the varied and valuable bulletins we receive in exchange keep us in close touch with the important achievements in agri- cultural science. * * « As time passes, the records, docu- ments and correspondence, in charge of the secretary of the National Nut Growers' Association, takes on ad- ditional interest and promises to be- come a rich store house, from which the editor of Thk Nut-Gkowek can obtain many items and notes of peculiar historic and scientific value. Mr. Taylor's letter is the first draft we have made on these archives, but it does not exhaust the supply. * ♦ The careful reader of Mr. New- son's article on Japan AValnuts m this number will be interested in his success in grafting the Japan and English walnut on black walnut stock. Doubtless many will be glad to hear how he does it, as a suitable stock is much needed in the south- east portion of the country. We know of some promising experiments along this line in testing stock for the English walnut, which will, in some future number, make interest- ing reading. * * Less than a year ago the National Nut Growers' Association, was known only in a circumscribed portion of northern territory. Its first conven- tion in Macon in October last, was a gratifying success, and the handful of earnest organizers were rewarded by an enrollment of members far in excess of their most sanguine expec- tations. Since the convention many new applications for membership have been received, and the Associ- ation already has a larger member- ship than some of our most import- ant national societies had after sev- eral years of active work. Beneficial results were soon manifested, and much of importance is in prospect for the near future. THE NUT-GROWER 137 The attention of Georgia nut growers is called to the letter of Mr. J. B. Wight, of Caii-o, Ga., in this issue. Mr. Wight is vice president of the National Nut Growers' Asso- ciation for Georgia, and is going about the matter of his annual re- port in a systematic and commenda- ble way. Every grower in the state should answer all his questions fully, as well as give him such additional information as they command. These state reports will be of much inter- est to the the Convention and of permanent advantage to the indus- try. * * A recent contributor advances the opinion that productiveness may be increased by continuous budding or grafting of a variety of pecans. This is an interesting and important matter for observation and ex- perimentation. There will be plenty of work for any one who applies his skill and labor in experimental lines, but we all have a part to perform. Every grower should be a close ob- server, noting and recording facts and freaks that come under his ob- servation. Such records can often be used theoretically and lead to discoveries. * is mcreasing faster than its produc- tion is increasing, and this will con- tinue until the merits of the pecan are fully recognized. Then the sup- ply of choice varieties is yet so small that prices are almost prohibitive of their general use, nearly all the best nuts being taken up at fancy prices for seed purposes. Then, again, the population of this country is increas- ing rapidly all over our vast domain, while the increase in pecan acreage is confined to a narrow strip of ter- ritory bordering the Gulf. Add to this the new uses of the nut as a food staple, as well as luxury, and its splendid qualities for confectionery, etc., and one can readily see that over production is not yet in sight. * * * On another page will be found a letter from Mr. Wm. A. Taylor, of the Department of Agriculture. This let- ter was received by Secretary Wilson, while the convention at Macon was in session, and was read before that body. It was highly appreciated and the veteran pecan grower. Major Bacon, moved that it be filed with the archives of the Association. This letter, although some months old, has a particular interest, as the date for another convention ap- proaches, and its publication at this We frequently hear the question time will be appreciated by every asked, "Will not the supply of pecan i one who heard it at Macon as well nuts soon exce,3d the demand?" Al- as by hundreds of our readers who though we have previously referred j now see it for the first time. Mr. to this matter, it is one that needs! Taylor is doiijg valuable work for to be kept constantly before the the nut growing industry, and the public. People will learn, sooner or report he will make at New Orleans, later, that the demand for this nut 1 as chairman of our standing commit- 138 THK NUT-GROWER tee OB " Nomenclature and Stand- ards " will be looked forward to as one of the most important features of the next eonvention. In this and in a previous issue, we have had the extreme views of con- tributors on the subject of distance in planting pecans. It certainly seems a wide range of opinion when one advocates planting fifty feet apart and gets but seventeen trees to the acre, while another advises 125 trees for the same acre. Great as this divergence of thought may seem, these are practical lessons, when we look into the case from the evidently different considerations which pi'ompt the extreme so ably advocated. If the planting of one hundred and twenty-five trees to the acre, with a view to their being dwarfed and cut back so as to increase the amount of bearing wood, and give extra and larger crops, should prove correct in practice, as well as in theory, then Mr. Post will have many followers. The successful dwarfing and cutting back of pecans and some other fruits which permits the planting of several times as many dwarf trees per acre as the standard trees, gives early and increased crops. To what extent this will apply to the pecan is yet to be demonstrated. No one can doubt the ultimate grand success of plant- ing choice pecans fifty feet apart, but we are so constituted that the shortest road to obtain profits is the way we travel. Incident to this dis- cussion we are pleased to mention some plans of the superintendent of a prospectively large grove, in which the necessity for wood of the best varieties for budding and grafting purposes is a weighty consideration. His pui-pose is to plant fifty trees to the acre, and as fast as wood for propagation is produced to cut back the trees, for the double purpose of gi'afting and budding and to note the effect upon such trees in early, regular and abundant bearing. He is in a fair way to show what is the golden mean. Letter from W. A. Taylor. Washixgton, D. C, Oct. 4, 1902. Dr. J. F. Wilso)i, Sec. Southern Nut Groivers' Association, Macon, Oa. My Dear Sir : — Referring to your recent invitation to attend the com- ing meeting of your Association at Macon, I veiy much regret to state that I find it impossible to do so on that date owing to conflict of other duties. The subject of nut culture is of unquestionable importance to the entire country and especially to those portions of the South in which the Pecan is either indigenous or has been successfully introduced. I regret inability to attend espec- ially for the reason that I had hoped to discuss with your members one or two points which, in my judg- ment, need attention at this stage of the development of systematic effort in this new branch of pomological work. THE NUT-GROWER 139 One of these is the necessity of devoting more attention to the per- petuation of varieties by budding and gi'afting, either in the nursery or while the trees are still young in the orchard. This aj^pears a much safer plan than the continued at- tempt to develop the industry by planting a large acreage of seedlings, the ability of which to perpetuate the valuable characteristics of their parents is at least very doubtful, in view of the Known variability of such seedlings. This question will un- doubtedly receive such attention from your members as it desei^ves. Another question of prime import- ance at the present time, at this stage of development in nut culture, is the necessity of adopting and ad- hering to, in practice, a simple and clear varietal nomenclature for vari- eties. This, in my judgment, should foiiow along the lines already out- lined and applied with a reasonable degree of success by the American Pdmological Society and many of our State Horticultural organiza- tions. The aiDplication of varietal names to seedling nut trees appears as certain to result in ultimate con- fusion and disaster to the nut indus- try as it would be if a similar prac- tice were attempted with the peach, the plum or the apple. In the interests of honesty and fair dealing this practice should not be tolerated for the pecan or other nut trees ; neither should the sale of seed nuts under varietal names from other than the original tree or bud- ded or grafted trees of the variety, be recognized as legitimate by those who have the future welfare of ^he industry at heart. Concerted con- demnation of the fraudulent practice of selHng seedlings as budded or grafted trees, should, of coui-se, re- ceive attention from the organiza- tion. I call particular attention to these questions becaiise they are, in my judgment, of prime importance in shaping the future of the young in- dustry. ,^, I shall esteem it an honor to be enrolled in your membership, and enclose herewith signed application and the requisite fee of $3. A little later in the season, I hope to visit some of the more important pecan-growing sections for the pur- pose of a closer investigation of the present status of the industry for this Department, and in this work I trust that your members, and all other parties interested, may co- operate with us. At any time when we can be of service to your members in matters connected with nut culture or other branches of fruit culture, we shall be very glad to hear from you. Wishing you a most interesting and successful meeting, I remain, Yours very truly, Wm. A. Taylor. Pomologist in Charge of Field Inves- tigations. 140 THE :XUT-GROWEK Shagbark l-iickory asid By "Diclymus/' St. Augustine, Fla. Editor The Nut Grower:— For the first time, I have Been in the New York Times' Saturday review a no- tice of your publication. For many years past I have felt a very deep interest in certain Ameri- can nuts that seem to be passing away through the stupid indifference of Northern farmers. The two that I feel particularly interested in are the "shell-bark" hickory nuts and the black walnut. I am an octogenarian and a native of Bucks county, Pa., and I have not forgotten that in my youthful days we had in abundance what I con- sidered the finest flavored nut in America, the large, thin-shelled "shagbark" hickory nut, but it is now almost impossible to get it at any price, as the trees have been nearly all cut down and no care has been taken to propagate others. "When I have tried to buy them in the Philadelphia market I have been told that they are all engaged in ad- vance ; but there certainly ought to be a way of getting enough for the purpose of starting new trees around the fences of Northern farms where they could not come in contact with the common hickory. In that way they could not interfere with farm crops and would eventually' be a generous source of revenue. The one other nut that I feel in- terested in is the black walnut. Every one knows that during the rage for black walnut furniture nearly every large tree in the North was cut down, and though some smaller ones are left the nuts are comparatively scarce. There is a great difference in them, the larger ones being best. I doubt whether they will do as well in the South as at the North, though I have seen large bearing trees as far south as Jacksonville. My opinion is, that if large tracts of Northwestern prairie lands were planted with the best kind of these nuts the planter would find, in fif- teen or twenty years, without labor, a satisfactory source of revenue, be- sides owning a valuable tract of tim- ber land. The pecan trees about the city are simply loaded down with young nuts. There is no doubt about the great value of the pecan tree. Any one who takes a drive about Albany now and sees the many beautiful pecan trees loaded with nuts will become enthused over pecan culture. There is no more beautiful shade tree than the pecan, there is no hardier tree than the pecan, there is not a tree whose product is more valuable than the pecan, and why people have not been planting pecan trees in large quantities for the last 100 years is one of those things which will never be satisfactorily 1 explained.— Albany Herald. THE >\UT-GROWKR 141 To all Nut Growsrs in Georgia. At tbe next convention of the Na- tional Nut Growers' Association, to be held in New Orleans, a report is desired from each state as to the present and prospective condition of the industry. I am expected to make this report for Georgia. I shall be glad, therefore, if each person in the state who sees this notice will give me at once the following informa- tion : (1) The name of each nut grower you know, the number of trees he has, and the number of these that are in bearing. (2) The outlook for the industry, giving any facts either favorable or unfavorable. (3) Are any nnt trees except pe- cans and black walnuts successfully grown in your neighborhood? (4) Have any irresponsible nurse- ryman been operating in your neigh- borhood? If so, give names and facts. J. B. Wight, Vice-President for Georgia, National Nut Growers' Association, Cairo, Ga. The Pistachio ISut. The pistachio nut is much sought after now that bright tinted desserts and delicacies are popular. No other fruit or nut affords just such a re- freshing, decorative color for liven- ing up jellies, blanc-manges and ice cream. Housekeepers on the look- out for novelties have discovered that the pistachio nut can be used very advantageously as a substitute for the almond, which it resembles very much in flavor. Two species of pistachios come to this country. Those from Armenia, Syria and Persia are larger, more tender and better flavored than the varieties which come from Greece and the Greek archipelago. The Greek nuts are drier and less desir- able to the American taste, though the New York Greeks pi'ize them greatly and introduce them into most of their home made cakes. The best grades of pistachios have appeared on afternoon tea-tables of late, and have also been served whole as part of deserts, with wine or ac- companiment, a mode of serving them that has long been popular in Italy. So popular has the flavor of this nut become that several imitations of pistachio paste are for sale, A compound of crushed, blanched al- monds, colored deftly with various harmless (?) green substances, is often palmed off for pistachio paste. The Armenians in New York, says the New York Sun, use the pistachio nuts for stuffing poultry and for making pilaus and various savory dishes, just as the French use the chestnut. The nut when skinned and boiled is also used as a vegeta- ble, just as the potato is used. — Cal- ifornia Fruit Grower. 142 THE KUT-GROWER Texas Pecan Reminis- censes. I became interested in pecan growing in 1880, and began opera- tions in that year by starting a grove on my father's place at Austin. This grove (of common nuts) still stands, I think. In 1882, on account of poor health, I moved to San Angelo, Here I had a revelation regarding pecans. Abilene and Burnet were the nearest railroad points, but San Angelo seemed to be a "common point" for the large Mexican popula- tion which had pecans to sell. The San Saba and the Conchos were then lined with handsome and pro- ductive trees. So were innumerable creeks, among them Sprmg, Dove, Lipan and Kichapoo. Nuts from all these points were brought into San Angelo for sale. They came to market in four-horse wagons. Wag- on boxes with the sideboard on, and the loose nuts filling them to the top. I never saw so many nuts as were brought in in the fall of '83, and they sold as high as 11 cents per pound. The editor of the San Angelo EnterjDrise was a friend of mine. He wanted to get out a spe- cial edition setting forth some of the possibilities of San Angelo and its territory. He asked me for an ar- ticle. I agreed to write up the pe- can crop. I made it a habit for a couple of weeks to interview every nut seller I could get a chance at. I wished to leam the regularity of the crop, the amount of yield, the cause of failure of crop, and all else possible. I had ample opportunity and I made good use of it. I learned that a pecan tree yielded anywhere from one peck to ten bushels. In writing the article for the above-mentioned paper I used the yield of one bushel per year as the basis of my calculations, and I believe I fixed the average price at 7 cents. I made a very conservative estimate all the way through, yet the result was simply astonishing. From this time on I took a much more lively interest in the subject of pecan culture and studied the sub- ject at every opportunity. In 1892 I made a trip of 600 miles in an am- bulance, never sleeping under a roof, bat camping among the pe- cans. I was out thirty days, going from Austin through Burnet, Lam- pasas, Coleman, Brownwood, Paint Rock, San Angelo, Ft. McKavett, Llano and other places. I learned more of pecans and their diseases than I have ever since in print or been able to publish. — Dr. E. B. Stiles in Farm and Ranch. A copy of The Nut-Groweh, pub- lished at Poulan, Ga., has been re- ceived by Farm Machinery. It is a neatly printed and well-edited pub- lication and presents a much over- looked industry in a pleasing way. Among the extended articles is found one on "Nut Growing for Profit," presenting a strong plea for the planting of more nut-bearing trees." " Nut Trees for Timber " is an urgent appeal to land owners to THK ISUT-GKOWKR 143 plant nut growing trees on the land which has been denuded of trees by the heavy demand for lumber. The other contents of Tiik Nut-Growhu are along the same interesting lines in original style. Thk Nut-Gkower is also the official organ of the National Nut Growers' Association, which will hold its annual meeting in New Orleans, La., Oct. 28, 1903. A session of two or three days will give time for reports of all commit- tees ; also addresses by prominent speakers. To all interested in the State of Louisiana, the city of New Orleans and the officers of the National Nut Growers' Association extend a cordial invitation to meet with the association in convention, at the time and place mentioned. — From Farm Machinery, A Defense of the Seed- ling. By H. A. Halbert, Texas. I haye just received and devoured the contents of The Nut-Grower. It does not make a good meal in quantity but in quality is most ex- cellent. Will be glad when patron- age will justify its enlargement, "While furor scribendo is on me, I wish to say a few words on one or two points. The first is, I have no- ticed a tendency to discourage the planting of the nut in laying the foundation for a grove, and to plant instead high-priced budded pecan trees. By close inspection into the occupation of the advocates of this theory I find them mostly sellers of this Jiind of stock. May not their interests bias them too much in giv- ing this advice? Writers are too often guided by interest or environ- ment. Their advice may be good for the locality, and one contemplat- ing a pecan grove or orchard on a large scale should weigh any given advice from this standpoint — the surroundings of the adviser and his occupation. Thus I am willing to be weighed. I have always advised planting the nut for commercial orchards, the budded trees for parks, yards, etc., where plenty of water is accessible. Now in the humid climate of Louisiana and near the coast in other states, where rainfall is abun- dant, the transplanted trees may survive, but in this section the shock to a young tree in transplant- ing is certain death nine times in ten. It is money, and big money, thrown away in comparison to the cheapness and certainty of nuts growing where planted. Again, such a policy of planting only budded trees will create stag- na'aon — a cessation of prospective improvement to be derived from su- perior vaiioties over such as are now known. Mr. Nelson, in his article 144 THE A^UT-GROWER in the last Nut-Grower virtually admits the probability of 10 per cent, of the nuts coming true, and the possibility of one in thousands being superior to the variety plant- ed. Even this is sufficient to make me a strong advocate for planting the nut in preference to budded trees where orchards are to be planted on a large scale : Ibt. Because a nut planted and undisturbed will outstrip a tree in growth where the top wood has been severed in transplanting. 2d. There is a saving from $20 to $40 per acre in first cost. The finest nuts can be purchased per pound at what a young budded tree will cost. One pound of mats will plant an acre or more, while it will take from 20 to 40 trees owing to distance set. 3d. The possibility of getting something better in size or quality than the nut planted. I hold it is more than probable that if the best quality of nuts in this section were planted in the humid climate of Louisiana they would enlarge in size without deteriorating in quality and possibly improve in quality. 4th. When the trees come into bearing the orchardist can select buds from those trees that come true or superior and bud the in- ferior ones. There would be no outlay in buying buds, no risk in transit by mail or express, as the mother trees would be in the same orchard. Even if the owner of an orchard was not an expert he could hire one who could bud 100 or more trees per day and thus effect a sav- ing of many dollars per acre over planting the young budded trees, beside the risk of theu dying. Again, there would be very little or no loss of time over final results. As soon as the young trees com- mence to bear the first nuts, begin to top work them to receive the buds from the superior ones, and they will bear full crops then from the buds as soon as if let alone. For these reasons I advise the plantmg of superior nuts in begin- ning large commercial orchards. Can't there be some inducement to get all parties claiming to have the best pecans to enter a contest on some agreed standard of excellence. I would be glad to enter such a con- test. If I can find a better pecan, according to my ideals, I wish to propagate it instead of my own. The crop of nuts in this section is the largest in many years. The trees are too heavily burdened for best development. FOR SALE -=-10,000 Pecan Trees in Nursery, 34 mile from village. Address, Pecan Grower, Care Nut Grower. When writing to advertisers please mention The Nut*' Grower* THE NUT-GROWER 145 "Fruit Growing and Truck Farming Along the Cotton Belt" Is the name of a new and finely Illus- trated booklet just published by the Cot- ton Belt Route. It tells in their own words the story of those who have "gone west" and achieved great success grow ing peaches, strawberries, pears, grapes tomatoes, onions, melons, potatoes and other fruit and truck on lands that for- merly sold for $3 to $10 an acre and now yield $100 to $300 per acre net ia a single season Write for a copy, free, also how to secure a home in the Southwest for the rent you would pay in the East or North. E. W. LaBeaume, G. p. & T. a , Cotton Belt Route, St. Louis, Mo. Texas Seed Pecan Co. FORT WORTH, TEXAS. Dealers in Choice8t Seed Pecans for Planting. Ksrablisbed twelve years. Also Seedling and Grafted Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, both nuta and trees. Send for "Facts in a Nut Shell." The Florida Nut Nurseries. We have to offer this season a good stock of Budded and Grafted Pecans of the very finest varieties. Also a limited stock of Grafted Chestntits, Chinquapins, etc. Send for illustrated price list, J. F. JONES, Man'g., Monticello, Fla. Nuts for Profit. 158 Pages. 60 Illustrations. On propagation, cultivation, etc., of nuts best adapted to various sections. Price, postpaid, 50c. Testimonials free. Seeds. English Walnuts, Maderia. Jnpan Walnuts, Sielioldiana and Coriformis. By mail 25c per doz., $1.00 per 100. Jno, R. Parry, Parry P.O., N.J. Dec. 1 to April 15, Orlando, Fla. WANTED An experienced grafter and bud- der of Pecan trees. Capital not necessary. Must have reference. Good chance for right man, A single man preferred. R. J. Park, P. O. Box 686, Fitzgerald', Ga. PUSH YOUR PECANS. Specially Prepared Fertilizers tor 1. YOUNG TREES, 2. BEARING TREES. Correspondence invited. Herbert C. Whitk, Dk"Witt, Ga. HARTWELL PECAN NURSERIES HARTWELL, CA. (Established in 1882.) Best Varieties. Send for Price List. S. W. PEEK, PROPRIETOR. KNBFE. FUCANS, WALNUTS, CHESTNUTS, FIGS. D. GALBRAITH, New Orleans, La. J P. O. Box 1249. Bechters Pecan Nurseries Wholesale and Retail Theo. Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Miss. STUART=ROBSON PECAN COMPANY. frrowers and dealers in larpe Soft and Paper Shell Pecans. Orifjinatnrs of tl <■ iflt-hrated varieties, Columbian, Stuarr. V.ui Deman and Capital. Budded, Grafted or .^etdling trees for sale Address either Ocean Springs, Miss. KIrkwood, Ca. LARGE PECAN NURSERY. Will furnish choice varie- ties. Paper Shell Seedlings, one, two and three years old. Budded Stock from Hnest varieties. Will take orders for fall and winter delivery. Bobt. J. Bacon Baconton, Ga. 146 THE NUT-GROTV^ER <^^s&?5'»uBi^' We are the pioneer pecan budders ol the State of Loaisiana, and perhaps of the world. We have the three best varieties — Frotscher's Egg Shell, Rome, and Ceoteunial and will have for the Spring of 1904 stock of trees ot the largest Pecan in the world, Steckler's Mammoth. Place your orders early. We furnish buds, etc. Seeds a specialty. Catalogue free on ap- plicatiou. Ocean Springs Pecan Nursery... SEASON 1903='04. Will be pleased to book orders now for Grafted Pecans. No v^eedlings .... J. Sleekier Seed Go., Lid., (Richard Frotscher's Successors.) 518 to 526 Qravier St., NEW ORLEANS = LA, The ADMIRAL SCHLEY Was the winning Pecan at Paris in 1900 and is a winner every day at home. More ounces of meat to the pound of nuts than any other. Shell very thin but of close texture. Nuts keep sweet two years. Summit Nurseries, UROWERS, SHioniicello . Fla. Send for Free Catalogue. Chas. E. Pabst, Prop'r., OCEAN SPRINGS, HISS. Send for Price List PAPER SHELL PECAN SEEDLINGS, From choice nuts, at wholesale prices direct to the planter. 5,000 BUDDED AND GRAFTED PECANS Of the choice varieties. English Walnuts, Japan Walnuts. Gen- eral line of nursery stock. Write for descriptive catalogue. Best of ref- erences furnished as to reliability. Southern Nursery Company, Winchester, Tenn. The Ntjt-Gtrow^er Devoted to the Interests of the National Nut-Growers' AssocSatSon Volume I. JULY, 1903. Number 12. Nut Trees for Paying Taxes. Amongf the few things in this life which are absolutely sure to come regularly and promptly to hand, and from which the farmer, who owns his land, cannot escape, is the an- nual payment of taxes. Although he recognizes the fact that "a government of the people, for the people and by the people" must be supported by the people, still the payment of taxes, which is part of his obligations to the state makes a regular drain upon his re- sources that is only too frequently a perplexing and difficult undertaking to meet promptly. The dread, wor- ry and grumbling that tax paying time occasions must be enormous, when we consider that no land or jDroperty holder in the entire coun- try is legally exempt. Property holders in cities, towns and incorporated villages have to pay extra in taxes for the conveni- ences and protection they enjoy, but as a general rule they are not so situated as to feel the burden so keenly as does the rural population. Another thing about taxes is cer- tain, and that is that they will con- tinue from year to year, and from generation to generation, with little or no change, unless it be to gradu- ally increase in rate. The purpose of this article is to point out a wa^' in which this neces- sary but unwelcome duty can be re- lieved of all its worry, dread and inconvenience. The remedy is so easy, sure and permanent, that it seems strange, indeed, that so few, if any, farmers have ever adopted it. This, however, is more easily ex> plained, than is the fact that but few will adopt the plan, even when fully advised of the practicability of planting nut trees, sufficient for ob- taining ample crops from which to obtain tax money. The proposition is simply to plant nut trees of suitable varieties along the public roads or lanes of the farm, and give them such reason- able attention as will insure the necessary care aud cultivation. It may be said of this plan that it will, if properly carried out, ac- complish much more than provide for the burden of yearly taxation. It adds an element of omament to 148 THE NtJT-GROWEK the farm, which iu itself gives the jDroperty an enhanced value far in excess of the cost of the trees ; it demonstrates to the farmer just how profitable a nut tree becomes in a few j'eai's, and gives him assurance to plant more of them. He sees that they not only are a blessing to him, but provide the same or larger profits to his children after him for several generations. He finds an- other and indirect value by using his avenue of nut trees set on the street line for posts on which to hang his wire fence, and finally dis- covers that the timber value of the trees alone would have amply re- warded him for the cost, care and attention they required. Any thoughtful and intelligent person will commend such a move ; every nurseryman, who understands the value of any tree, will recom- mend it. It has everything to com- mend it and, as far as we have been able to discover, nothing to condemn it but the indifference or wilful ig- norance of the classes most need- ing it. As this article may be read by some not familiar with the nut grow- ing industry, we give a few figures, such as may indicate in a general way how easily, and at what ex- pense, an avenue of nut trees can be secured and what may reason- ably be expected of them in crops by using the pecan, the most suit- able nut for the lower south. In the middle south and north the hickory, walnut and chestnut are available, owing to varying condi- tions, but the general plan is prac- ticable over a large portion of the country by the proper selection of kinds to the varying circumstances- of soil and climate. Pecan trees will cost all the way from 10 cents to $5.00 each, accord- ing to the size or variety or the con- science of the party offering trees for sale. All persons who are not fully posted in the relative value of such trees should buy only of par- ties of known character and ability. Of such persons the farmer can ob- tain good seedling trees at 25 cents per tree, and budded or grafted trees at from $1.00 to $1,000 each^ according to variety or size. The party selling the trees will give anjple instruction as to plant- ing and subsequent care and culti- vation. They ordinarily should be planted forty feet apart. This will give 132 trees to the mile, or twice that many if both sides of street are planted. Thus a farm having a frontage of but one-fourth mile would accom- modate 33 trees, which being plant- ed in the corners of our prevailing rail fences, will not interfere for some years with farm crops. If seedling trees are used, it will require ten to twelve years before profitable crops should be expected. By planting grafted or budded trees crops can be expected in about half that time. As to crops after this period of waiting : These trees when of suitable age and sufficient size should produce regularly 100 poiTuds per tree, but since the tree THE NUT-GROWER 149 might need to be about fifteen 3-ears ' old to produce such a crop, we pre- i ter to show that they are competent j tax payers much sooner, and in fact only need to give a crop of ten pounds per tree, in order to show how they will meet these responsi- bilities for which they wei*e planted. AVith the 33 trees at 10 pounds per tree, and at less than half the present selling price for the most in- ferior nuts, say 5 cents per pound, we would have the sum of $16.50, which can literally be picked up just at the time of year when you are obliged to pay the tax collector $14.87. If any one has a better or easier way for regularly paj'ing the everlasting farm taxes they should make it known. It is not expected that so many farmers will adopt this plan that trees will be scarce. The objection will be raised to the long period of waiting for the returns, but that is not good business if the plan is sound, for the farmer who does not plant for such a reason will find himself in the same rut ten years hence, and will be surprised to see how his neighbor's pecan trees grew up and began paying the taxes and procuring luxui-ies for the family, besides making the farm saleable at a better price, with the assurance of a permanent and in- creasing source of revenue. More About Grafted Trees. The Press Bulletins of Kansas State Agricultural College are i-e- ceived regularly at this office. They contain much practical and timely information. By J. F. Jones, Monticello, Pla. Editor Nut Groaver: — We have been very much interested in the articles from time to time on budded and grafted pecan trees vs. seedling. It seems odd that any one would plant seedhng trees at the present time. This was all right when there was nothing better to be had, but those who plant seedling orchards now will have to compete in the market with the fine varieties, which will be largely planted during the next few years, and by the time seedling groves come into heavy bearing, the market will demand a uniform grade in pecans, the same as other fruits. How are we to get a uniform grade from seedling or- chards? If we planted one thou- sand seedlings the chances are that we would have one thousand differ- ent varieties, ranging through all sizes, shapes, and qualities. Where the very large nuts, such as Colum- bian are planted, the diversity is much greater than with common nuts, while the average is not much better. Some may be inclined to doubt the truth of these statements, but such is the case. We very sel- dom find two or more trees identi- cal, (in tree and fruit,) in the seed- ling groves now in bearing, grown from these large nuts. In the years to come the nut trees will be pro- pagated entirely by grafting, as other fruit bearing trees are now. Orchardists will not then think of 150 THE NUT-GRO^VKR planting seedling nut trees, any more than they would now think of planting seedling apple, pear, or peach trees. The difference is the same. If we plant a seedling apple tree we have simply an apple tree, not a variety. If we j^lant a seed- ling pecan tree we have simply a pecan tree, not a variety, as we do not know what kind of fruit such ti'ee will produce any more than with the apple, hence practically, varieties can only be perpetuated by grafting. Is it not time, then, that nurserymen stop selling seedling pecans, and other nut trees, under varietal names, and calling a species of nut a variety, as is largel}' done with the several introduced species ? This talk of transplanted pecan trees not standing drought because of shallow rooting, does not hold good in practice. We have taken up transplanted trees of various ages, and they almost invariably make from one to three or four new tap roots; some times it is hard to tell where the tap root was cut. CONVENTION CALENDAR. Tuesday, Oct. 27. — Meetings of various standing committees. Wednesday, Oct. 28.— Opening of Convention at 10 a. m. Thursday, Oct. 29.— Convention continued; reports and election of officers. Friday, Oct. 30. — Unfinished bus- iness and recreations. Sei' Time. By Chas. N. Wilson. Say, fellows, I'm a^lhinkin' That the time will soon be here When what poets call "the leaflets" Will be gittin' "brown an' sere " And I've very often noticed That the poet's little rhyme On this subject always iseerns lo Coincides with nuitin' time. For when the leaves are yaller — Whis is same as gittin' sere — An' come droppin' from the branches Where they've hung for half a year. You can see the nuts a-hangin' In the hick'ries all aroun', An' you throw a club up at 'em An' they come a-rattlin' down. An' the club comes rattlin' with 'em An' it biffs you on the head An' it takes some time to find out Whether you're alive or dead. But pshaw, no one could grumble About such an easy whack, Jes' s'pose you'd clum up in the tree An' fen an' broke your back. Then p'raps you would have somethin That you really would regret But with all its bumps and bruises Nuttin's jes' the thing, you bet. An' when the nuts are gathered An' the day at last is done, Then you gather roun' the fireplace Swappin' lies an' havin' fun. Crackin' nuts an' eatin' apples, Drinkin' cider — fellers, say, I jes' wish that nuttin' time Lasted clear from June to May. You can talk of other seasons Till the year of Jublee, But old Autumn with her nut trees Is the time of year for me. THK NUT-GROWER 151 The Pecan and Its Relation to the Permanent improvement of Farm Property. Read by Herbert C, White at Farmers' Institute, Poiilau, Ga., July 11, loa'j. The welfare of communities, like that of individuals, is made up of health, wealth, wisdom and virtue. Each stage in the progress of the •conquest of nature to meet human wants, from the gathering of wild fruits, through hunting and fishing, domestication of animals, herding, and tillage of fields, to the manufac- ture of universal comforts and tools, and to general commerce, has made more important the welfare of neigh- bors, hence such organizations as ^Farmers' Institutes, where progres- sive ideas are exchanged, do much toward enabling us to reach an ideal civilization. The promoters of this meeting are to be congratulated upon the success of their efforts as well as for the public spirited, motives un- derlying their actions. Farming is, and must always remain, a chief fac- tor in both wealth and welfai-e, lo- cally and nationally, and its relations to the industries of the world grow more important to every farmer as the world comes nearer to him. We cannot now live, nor do we, in the isolation of our progenitors; the mar- kets of the world and the methods of other farmers, the whole world over, affect the daily life of every tiller of the soil. The experience of the Scotch crofter in overcoming the obstacles of nature, if intelli- gently conveyed, mean something to you and me, although onr respective spheres of operation are .sovetal thousand miles apart. Nature knows no arbitrary territorial limitations or no politics. Man has divided the earth into zones for convenience but they are more or less arbitrary. Those whose chief occupation is to deal with nature in the production of the necessities and luxuries of life should be as liberal as i« nature, and by reading, study and observation en- deavor to solve more of Nature's (to us) obscure problems and give the benefits of theii" knowledge to their neighbor, "All iTJcn find their ;:.oo(l in all iuen'> ^ood And all men join in noble brotheiliood." Rural life of the future is destined to be far more attractive than at present ; country life is becoming more attractive each year. The last year or two has brought the free ru- ral delivery of mails and we are thus enabled to keep in close touch with the markets of the country and to be posted upon the topical events of the day. The thousands of miles of travel saved the inhabitants of rural districts in going to and frofn their postoffices to get their mail n^eaus much in both time arid v.'ear and tear of stock and vehicles. It is only a question of a shurt time before the country districts will be netted with trolley systems, and when this is the case many a resident of the city will move into the country to live if he can be sure of quick and efficient transportation to and from his city place of business. [CO^'TI^UKD IX XKXT ISSUE ] I5i THK JSrijT-GKOWJBIR =(j rower. Published monthly at Ponlaa, Ga., by THS NUT GROWER COMPANY. SUBSCRJPTfON, 50O PER AWNUWI, ADVERTISING RATES.' 1 inclJ 1 time $1.00 1 ineh 3 timea ^2.50 l4 psLge 1 " 3.00 ^i page 3 " 7.50 i^ page I " 5.50' ;'< page 3 •» 13.73 1 page I "• 10.001 1 paes 3 " 25.08 New »dvei-tisementa have been appearing" in recent i&sues of The Kut-Gkower, and this number shows still others, while copy is at hand lor more ne3:,t month. The Secretary of the National Nut Growers' Association has a limited supply of the Constitution and By- laws, which he will send to members who hare not been already sujiplied, and to others who apply for therm. The introduction by the Depart- ment of Agriculture of Lady Birds, to prey upon the San Jose scale, promises much success, as to their easy production and efBciency for the Vy'ork assigned them. The season for catalogues and price lists on nut trees and nursery stock in general will soon be at hand. Such as are sent to The Nut- Growkr will be acknowledged from time to time, and those having feat- ures or matters of general interest to our readers will receive particu- lar mention. The local Committee of Arrange- ments for the convention is busily at work and is enlisting the co-oper- ation and actiTe support of promi- nent men of the State of Louisiana^ the leading newspapers of the Southwest and the important busi- ness organizations oi the city of New Orleans'. Our readers will notice that, be- ginning with the June number, the make-up and different type ased on. The Nut-Gboitek enables us to give nearly double the usual amount of reading matter. This will be con- tinued until after the conventioUy after which we hope to be able to announce further improvements. The convention in New Ch'leans next October will bring out many who are seeking practical informa- tion regarding the industry. There is no telling how far-reaching in actual results this convention may be, but it cannot be doubted that the outcome will be extensive and varied, as well as profitable in many ways. There is some confusion regard- ing the relative value and true des- cription of the different varieties of Japan walnuts, Cordiformis, Sei- boldii and Mandchurica, we fear, do not stand out distinctly in the minds of many as do the Stuart, Van Deman or Columbian pecans. Possible some of our readers can help us out in this particular. The almond is a nut of much commercial value and is extensively grown in this country only on the THE NUT-GROWER 153 Pacific slope. Since it is closely re- lated to the peach, thei'e are many who think its area of cultivation might be so extended as to reach the central or eastern south. Every- one having favorable experience in its cultivation in the territory east of the Rocky Mountains is urged to report it to the vice-presidents of the several states, or to report it di- rect to Thk Nut-Grower. Scarcely a week passes without a valuable and practical addition to our exchange list. This certainly indicates that The Nut-Grower is meeting with public favor. The wide extent of territory from which tmsolicited subscriptions comes shows a widespread interest in nut growing and another significant featui-e of the situation is the large number of city people who are in- terested. New York, Chicago and others of the large cities send many cash subscriptions. The question "Will the pecan grafted on hickory make a perfect union, and will it grow and bear as well as if it were grafted on the pecan ? " was propounded to The Nut-Grower some time ago. Any- one having practical experience on this point will confer a favor by using The Nut-Grower to report their successes or failures. Failures are sometimes very valuable in pointing out the road to success. It is possible in this way to extend the tenitory for producing pecans. "Buds from Orchard or Nursery," is a subject being discussed in the columns of the Rural New-Yorker, following the last meeting of the American Association of Nurserymen, which developed some difference of opinion on the subject. It will re* suit in good to the nursery interests, as it excites observation and study. Nut growers have an especial inter- est in this subject, as we need the best buds from the best varieties, from the source which promises or insures the most remunerative re- sults. The ideal pecan nut is the one the editor wants for his own plant- ing. However, he has not yet learn- ed all the requirements of the ideal nut, but looks forward to the next convention for further information. Many things, aside from the adapta- bility to location, enter into the con- sideration, and what may please one grower will not be satisfactory to another. The concensus of oj^mion, as applied to a given variety by our Committee on Nomenclature and Standards will be valuable in aiding many to make a suitable choice. We find the time is rapidly ap- proaching when the interests of our readers and of the industry will make it desirable for us to give some space to descriptions and illus- trations of notable trees, groves, nurseries and individuals. We un- derstand that such publicity is liable to be of value to such as are engaged in growing trees for sale, and we J5-f THE NUT-GROWER mention it simply to remind our readers tbat all the destinctive ad- vertisements we use will be readily recognized in our regular advertis- ing columns, and not interspersed with reading matter. The Secretary of the National Nut Growers' Association has been advised that the Southeastern Pas- senger Association, the Trunk Line Association and the New England Passenger Association will sell tick- ets at reduced rates on account of the New Orleans Convention, It is uj)on the certificate plan that these tickets are sold, which requires pur- chasers to have a certificate showing that they have paid full fare going in order to entitle them to return at one-third the regular fare. Ar- rangements are being made with other Associations and will be an- nounced later. The live stock expert bases his operations on the pedigree of his animals, the farmer is attaching more and more importance every year to pedigree seed, the horticult- urist has for years pei'petuated and propagated particular varieties of fruit. The stockman, at frequent intervals, puts new blood into his strain in order to keep up and im- prove his standard, the farmer chan- ges his seed every few years, the horticulturist, however, sticks close- ly to his strain and the Concord grape to-day is the same graj^e that it was years ago. All of this has a bearing, and an important one, on the matter of pedigi-ee for nnf». There is room for much original work along this line and doubtless the subject will come up in some form at the New Oi'leans Convention, AVe ai'e pleased to call attention to the communication of Mr. Hal- beii;, of Texas, in the June number. There is no doubt but that the mod- ifying influence of circumscribed climatic conditions is veiy influen- tial on vegetation in general and upon frait and nut trees as well ; so that the matter of environment, as he suggests, must be considered in the light of local conditions when planting for new groves. These j varying conditions also suggest that a nut which is par excellence in one part of the country may not be suited for other localitie.s. This only sei^ves to emphasize our former contention as to the importance of and necessity for extensive and widespread experimentation in the matter of varieties and adaptability to different climatic conditions. The door is open : we are really but pass- ing the th-*-eshold and beginning a work, the importance of which we are unable to see, but which prom- ises great advancement. The Califoi-nia Fruit Grower, m a recent number, gives much informa- tion regarning orange and lemon culture in that state. It shows that the crop for 1902 was 7,000,000 boxes, which sold for §17,000,000, and netted the growers about $1 a box. The orange grower has to THE NUT-GROWER 155 wait about as long for returns as the nut grower, while the cost of his investment is several times as much per acre, it being figured at about $500. The land itself costs from $100 to $300 per acre and has to be selected with care so as to be sheltered from winds, protected from frosts and accessible to water for irrigation. Then the trees cost about as much as a good budded pecan and have to be cultivated and cared for with particular skill, and no other crops can be grown among the trees. This proposition, as com- pared with the opportunities the pecan grower has in the gulf states, seems to be decidedly in favor of the latter, since the value of the crop produced from a pecan grove is easi- er handled and is really more valu- able than the same area in oranges. The person who would figure the entire cost of a pecan grove up to bearing age at $100 per acre, would doubtless be regarded by many as wild and extravagant, still at the same time this is not far from the actual cost when the best budded and grafted trees of the choicest va- rieties are made use of. While this estimate may be several times as much as a seedling grove would cost, it remains to be seen if the hundred dollar investment to the acre will not pay larger dividends on the cost than the cheaper invest- ment. Walnuts In Hungary. " Promising New Fruits," by "Wil- Uam A. Taylor, is an interesting re- print from 1902 year book of De- partment of Agriculture. A good home crop of walnuts is expected this year in Hungary, as there has been no damage caused by the elements up to date, writes Frank Dyer Chester, United States consul at Budapest, who adds: The home crop usually amounts to 150 to 220 carloads of 10,000 kilos, say 10 tons each. Payments are usually cash against bill of lading. Deliver}- takes place as determined by the seller from the place of production, any time up to November 10. Wal- nuts are not sold befoi'e the crop is ready for delivery, beginnmg say the 15th of October, at which time only are prices quotable. Hungary's export of walnuts is usually much larger than the import; on the other hand, Hungary is a good market for almonds and hazel- nuts, the import of each of which exceeded the export in 1901, by about 1,000,000 pounds. Of this heavy import, 221 pounds of almonds came from the West Indies, classed as "Southern fruit," and 661 1-2 pounds of hazelnuts came from Bra- zil as "Fresh Fruit," — California Fruit Grower. Horse CSiestnuts as The horse-chestnut has been gen- erally considered poisonous, and therefore unavailable as food. Nev- ertheless, it would seem to be not unlikely that in the near future it will be utilized to a large extent as 156 THE I^UT-GROWKK an article of food supply, recent in- vestigation having shown that it is actually harmless and most nutri- tious, though it contains a bitter resinous principle and an oil un- pleasant to the taste. That the nut is not edible, either raw, roasted or boiled, is undeni- able, but a process has been per- fected by which the bitter resin and the unpleasant oil are extracted from it, rendering its " meat " both palat- able and appetizing. The meat, or kernel, is a solid lump of starchy substance, full of nutriment, being the food supplied by nature for the baby horse-chestnut tree. Like all other nuts, this species is exceeding- ly rich in those elements which go to make flesh and blood, and to fur- nish fuel for the body in man or animal. The process in question consists in a moderate roasting, to render more easy the removal of the outer shell, after which the meat is pulver- ized and placed in a closed perco- lator containing ethyl alcohol. The mixture is kept at a fairly high tem- perature for a number of hours, during which the resin is dissolved, the watery part drawn off, the alco- hol driven out by distillation, and the residue of horse-chestnut kei*- nels is powdered. " Horse-chestnut starch," as it might be called, when thus pre- pared, is agreeable to the palate, en- tirely harmless, and most nutritious. If the process were performed on a large scale it would not cost much per poun d of product, and it is be- lieved by the experts that the man- ufacture of this new kind of food might be made very profitable if the enterpiise were properly managed. The tree is a vigorous grower, and its profuse annual crop ought to make the planting of it in orchards a good investment. — Saturday Even- ing Post. Walnut Blight. The following preventive meas- ures are given by Newton B. Pierce, Pathologist in Charge. Pacific Coast Laboratory and Plant Improvement Gardens, Santa Ana. In passing, we would say that the recommenda- tions here made for the prevention of walnut blight or bacteriosis are based upon several years of careful experiments by the United States Department of Agriculture. They are given at this time to enable the growers of walnuts throughout the State to take immediate advantage of the work of the department on this disease so far as the experiments have progressed. 1. All infected trees should be j pruned carefully to remove branches I showing the action of the disease in i 1902. Thoroughly remove the dead I tips of limbs, especially those of last I year's growth, cutting well back of j the diseased parts. Also cut away ] small limbs which show the black- j end scars of the past year's disease, where the organism causing the dis- i ease winters in the pith cavity. Burn ' all prunings. THE NUT-GROWER 157 2. Spray the dormant trees thor- oughly with the Bordeaux mixture. This work will give best results if done several weeks before spring growth begins. All portions of the tree should be treated, special atten- tion being given to the wood of the past yeai". 3. Prepare the spray as follows: Five pounds of copper sulphate. Five pounds of good quicklime. Fifty gallf i -, of water. (a) Slake the lime in an oak bar- rel in a small amount of water. When jDerfectly slaked add enough water to make twenty-five gallons of milk of lime. (b) Thoroughly dissolve the cop- per sulphate in an oak barrel con- taining twenty-five gallons of water. (c) Continue to pour one pailful each of the milk of lime and of the copper sulphate solution simultane- ously into a third oak barrel holding fifty or sixty gallons, until all of the two solutions are thus united. Stir the milk of lime as it is dipped out and pour it through a fine wire strainer into the mixing barrel. (d) When the mixture in the third barrel is well stirred it will be ready to apply as a spray to the trees. Spray the trees while the mixture is fresh and stir the latter occasionally. (e) The spraying should be thor- oughly done, and, if possble, when there is little wind. (f) Use a spray pump which will maintain 120 pounds or more of pressure, and such nozzles as neces- sary to reach the highest hmbs and do the best work over all portions of the tree with the least waste of spray. — California Fruit Grower. How Pecan Trees Pro- duce illuts. In pursuance to the request made by Mr. Grant, of Goldthwaite, sec- onded by the editor, I will give the manner in which pecan trees pro- duce the nuts. I have been often asked, " Do pecan trees bloom one year for another ? " That is, do the blooms of this year produce the pecan nuts of the following year ? Of course not. The blooms that ap- pear from the 10th to the 20th of April in this section produce the nuts that ripen the following fall. The trees do, however, produce the buds during their growth the preceding year that unfold and de- velop the next spring mto flower and foliage. Pecan blooms consist of male and female. The male is the most conspicuous and consists of catkins as in the common yellow bloom. These form on the tip end of the last year's growth of wood. These produce the pollen that ferti- lizes the pistils of the female bloom. This pollen is seen as a fine yellow dust falling from the trees after the maturity of the catkins. They ap- pear before the female bloom. The female blooms are very modest and inconspicuous in appearance. They have the same green color as the fo- liage and therefore are very little noticed by the casual observer. They come out on the growth of new wood with the foliage some later than the catkins first appear, perhaps a week or ten days late. The females are 158 THE NUT-GRDT^ER fully developed and ready to receive as soon as the catkins mature to pol- len. They consist of a cluster of small green blooms from three to eight in the midst of the bunch of unfolding leaves. There is a female bloom for every pecan. The number of male blooms cut no figure. In fact, if all the male blooms were de- stroyed on any particular tree and there were other trees in close prox- imity to furnish pollen, that tree would bear fully as many nuts as there were female blooms fertilized. Unless a grain of this pollen comes in contact and is absorbed by the pistil of the female bloom it falls off and "sets" no pecan. After hard, continuous rains wash off or dampens this pollen to such an extent that it cannot be conveyed through the air to the female blooms, there is a total or partial failui'e of nuts. In our section of the state we have ideal weather — no excessive rains to prevent fertilization, and were it not for the "hull" worm there would be large pecan crops every year. To the student of nature, or close observer, there is a vast difference in the characteristics of pecan trees, some of them are cumberers of the ground, at whose roots the ax should be applied, or better still, apply the saw some fifteen to twenty-five feet from the ground and "top work" them. That is, bud them with bet- ter and more prolific varieties. In the same orchard you see trees that never bear, others only occasionally and scantily, while some bear or "set" a large crop of nuts in cluster of five to eight on a spikelet every year. Some are sm all and hard shell, yielding a small per cent of kernel to the pound of nuts, while others are thin shell and often large, yield- ing a large per cent of kernel. The yield of kernel should control more than size in the selection of a vari- ety for propagation. The kernel is the onh' valuable part of the pecan. Some varieties yield almost twice as much kernel as others. The best run from 60 to 65 per cent kernel. The poorest run from 35 to 50 per cent. Never pro- pagate from a tree the nuts from which yield less than 50 per cent kernel, however large the nut. A few large ones might be sold profit- ably on an uneducated market, but when they come in competition with the better varieties they will bring a reduced price. The pecan of the future is a tree that bears annually large crops of soft shell nuts, kernels easily separa- ted from pith and shell and will weigh 60 per cent and over of edible material and almost regardless of size, though the larger we can grow them with these qualities the bettei'. — H. A. Halbert, Coleman, Tex., in Galveston News. The Florist Exchange, a promi- nent trade journal of New York, says : "The second annual conven- tion of the National Nut-Growers' Association will meet in New Or- leans, La., October 28th, 1903, The secretary and treasurer is J. F. "Wil- son, of Poulan, Ga." THE 2sUT-GROWER 159 Jordan Almond. Bj- William A. Taylor, The exact identity and the place of production of the commercial sup- ply of the Jordan almond were un- til quite recently shrouded in ob- scurity. Under the name of "Jor- dan" considerable quantities of al- mond kernels of large size, symme- trical fonn anid delicate llavor have long been known in the markets of England and America. These ker- nels were said to have come from Malaga, Spain, where a single firm practically controlled the product and exported it entu*ely in the form of shelled kernels. A search of Eu- ropean catalogues failed to afford any clue to the identity of the va- riety or the source from which the nuts came, and steps were accord- ingly taken by the Department of Agriculture, through its Division of Pomology and Section of Seed and Plant Introduction, to locate the va- riety in its region of commercial pro- duction and secure authentic stock for testing in almond distiicts of the United States. This end was ac- complished by IVIr. David G. Fair- child, agricultural explorer, who, during the summer of 1901, visited Southeastern Spain, investigated the orchards and secured scions from bearing trees. From these scions trees were propagated that are now growing at several points in the United States, and may soon be ex- pected to yield fruit. Meanwhile, Mr. John Rock, of Niles, Cal., had secured, early in 1897, through a French correspond- ent, some dormant budded trees propagated on myrobolan plum stock in France from scions obtained in Spain in 1896. Fearing that the al- mond would not thrive on myroba- lan roots in Califoi-nia, Mr. Rock grafted 100 of these dormant buds upon bearing peach trees, using as a scion the entire trunk of the myro- balan plum stock with the dormant almond bud upon it. Nearly all came into bearing, but only three of these proved to be the true "Jor- dan" type, the others varying great- ly, and most of them proving worth- less. Whether more than a single va- riety is marketed under this name yet remains to be determined. The name "Jordan" has been supposed by some to be a corruption from the French "jardin," meaning "garden," but no evidence of the accuracy of this conclusion has been discovered. The Jordan almond seems worthy of testing in the milder commercial almond districts, especially in those where late spring frosts are of rare occurrence. Desckiption. — Form long, narrow but plump, distinctl}' curved along the ventral suture ; hull thin, downy, loosening rapidly from the nut ; shell smooth, dense, hard and thick, with a very smooth inner surface ; kernel long, narrow, smooth, light brown, of fine, firm texture and delicate, rich flavor. As imported, the ker- nels are highly esteemed by confec- tioners for the preparation of candies and "salted" almonds, the prepared IGO THE :NUT-aKOWER kernels usually retailing from 50 to i GO cents per pound in the latter form. Mr. Faircbild states that the various gi-ades of kernels are desig- nated m Spain according to size by the names of animals, such as "don- keys," "horses," "tigers," "lions," "elephants," and "mammoths," the "donkeys" being the smallest and the "mammoths" the largest grade. The sizes are separated by hand picking. The common method of propaga- tion, as observed in Spain by Mr. Fairchild, is to bud on bitter almond seedlings two years or more old, in the orchard at a height of 2 to 4 feet from the erround. Like other al- monds, the Jordan blossoms very early in spring, and is therefore sus- cejitible to injury by late spring frosts. Its culture will therefore probably be limited to localities spe- cially favoi-ed in this respect. It is, presumably, considerably less hardy than the common hard-shell almond or the hardier peaches.— From Prom- ising New Fruits. (Keprint from Year Book of Department of Agri- culture for 1902.) Wh en wri tin g- to ndvertisGrs please mention The JSut^ Gro^\^er. HOW TO GROW PAPER SHELL PECANS -Free Best information on how to grow a pecan grove for profit. 13 finest varieties known for sale. Cions cut personally by member of firm, hence varieties guar- anteed. Also full descrip- tive catalogue of otlier fruits. B. W. STONE & CO., Thomasville, Qa. FOR SALE "=10,000 Pecan Trees in Nursery, 3=4 mile from village. Address, Pecan Grower, Care Nut Grower. 50,000 Pecan Buds for Sale. Columbian and Stuart Varieties. J. D. LEE, Shreveport, La. Nut and Other Trees. In Immense Quantities for Fall livery. De- PECANS— Crafted, Budded and Seedling, WALNUTS— Japan and English. Chestnuts, Peaches, Apples, Plums, Pears, Cherries, Crapes, Small Fruits, Roses, Shade Trees and Shrubs. All true to name, free from disease and first class in every respect. Send for catalog. P. J. Berckmans Co. (Inc.) FRUITLAND NURSERIES, Established 18.56 AUGUSTA, CA. 400 acres. 00,000 feet of glass. THE NUT-GROWER 161 Cheap Lands For Homeseekers and Colonies. The country alonp; the Cotton Belt Route in Southeast Missouri, Arkansas, Northwest Louis- iana and Texas offers the greatest opportunities for homeseekers. Mild climate, good water, cheap building material, abundance of fuel, and soil that will often in a single season yield enough to pay for the ground. Land can be bought as cheap as $2.50 an acre, prairie land at S4 and S5 per acre uu. bottom land at $5 and §G per acre up, improved or partly cleared land at SIO and SliS per acre up. Some line propositions for colonies— tracts of §2,000 to 8,000 acres at S f to SIO per acre— big money in this for good or- ganizer. Fruit and truck lands in the lainous peach and tomato belt of East Texas at $10 to S20 per acre up. Write us for information about cheap rates, ex";ursion dates, also literature des- criptive of this great country, and let us help you lind a home that will cost you no more than the reat you pay every year. E VV. LaBeaume, G, p. & T. A., Cotton Belt Route, St. Louis Mo. Texas Seed Pecan Co. FORT WORTH, TEXAS. Dealers in Choicest seed Pecans for Planting. Established twelve years. Also Seedling and Grafted Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, both nuts and trees. Send for "Facts in a Nut Shell." The Florida Nut Nurseries. We have to offer this season a good stock of Budded and Grafted Pecans of the very finest varieties. Also a limited stock of Grafted Chestnuts, Chinquapins, etc. Send for illustrated price list. J. F. JONES, Man'g., .Honticello, Fla. Nuts for Profit. 1 58 Pages. 60 Illustrations. On propagation, cultivation, etc., of nuts best adapted to various sections. Price, postpaid, 50c. Testimonials free. Seeds. English Walnuts, Maderia. JapanSWalnuts, Sieboldiana and Coriformis. By mail 25c per doz., §1.00 per 100. Jno. R. Parry, Parry P.O., N.J. Dec. 1 to April 15, Orlando, Fla. WANTED An experienced grafter and bud- der of Pecan trees. Capital not necessary. Must have reference. Good chance for right man. A single man preferred. R. J. Park, P. O. Box 686, Fitzgerald, Ga. PUSH YOUR PECANS. Specially Prepared Fertilizers tor 1. YOUNG TREES, 2. BEARING TREES. Correspondence invited. Herbert C. White, DeWitt, Ga. HARTWELL PECAN NURSERIES HARTWELL, CA. (Established in 1882.) Best Variatles. Send for Price List. S. W. PEEK, PROPRIETOR. PECANS, WALNUTS, CHESTNUTS, FIGS. D. GALBRAITH, New Orleans, La. P. O. Box 1249. Bechters Pecan Nurseries Wholesale and Retail Theo. Bechtei, Ocean Springs, Miss. STUART=ROBSON PECAN COMPANY. Growers and dealers in large Soft and Paper Shell Pecans. Orifjinators of the celebrated varieties, Columbian, Stuart, Van Deman and Capital. Budded, Grafted or Seedling trees for sale Address either Ocean Springs, Miss. Kirkwood, Ca. * -^ LARGE PECAN |g NURSERY. Will ■ *"^ " furnish choice varie- ties. Paper Shell Seedlings, one, two and three years old. Budded Stock from finest varieties. Will take orders for fall and winter delivery. Robt. J. Bacon Baconton, Ga. 162 THE NUT-GROWKR COf^rf?, We are the pioneer pecan budders ol the State of Loaisiana, and perhaps of the world. "We have the three best varieties — Frotscher's Egg Shell, Rome, and Centennial and will have for the Spring of 1604 sto k of trees of the largest Pecan in the world, Steckler's Mammoth. Place your orders early. We furnish buds, etc. Seeds a specialty. Catalogue free on ap- plication. J. Steckler Seed Co., Ltd., (Richard Frotscher's Successors.) 518 to 526 Gravier St., NEW ORLEANS - LA. The Pecan Meat Is What We Eat ; the Shell and Partitions Don't Count. The ADMBRAL SCHLEY Pecan is the finest nut grown. More ounces of better flavored meat to the pound than any other. We grow the Schley and several other choice varieties of Grafted and Budded Pecans. Also Chestnuts and Walnuts. Send for catalogue. Summit Nurseries, Fla. Ocean Springs Pecan Nursery.. SEASON 1903='04. Will be pleased to book orders now for Grafted Pecans. No .^^eedlings .... Chas. E. Pabst, Prop'r., OCEAN SPRINGS, HISS. Send for Price List. PAPER SHELL PECAN SEEDLINGS, From choice nuts, at wholesale prices direct to the planter. 5,000 BUDDED AND GRAFTED PECANS Of the choice varieties. English Walnuts, Japan Walnuts. Gen- eral line of nursery stock. Write for descriptive uatalogue. Best of ref- erences furnished as to reliability. Southern Nursery Company, Winchester, Tenn.