* UMASS/AMHERST * 312066 0333 2942 5 f 3 MASSACHUSETTS STATE COLLEGE GOODELL LIBRARY C ^ PE^ SB 401 A23 QC. This book raay be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a fine of TWO CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the day indicated below. 8 I THE [ ..flut*(3rower.. ^ Devoted to the Interests off the o s 8 C >• National Nut-Growers' Association Volume n. AUGUST, 1903. Number 1. gontent^. PAGE Pecan Propagation - - - - - - 1 Nut Growing ------ 2 The Pecan and Its Relation to the Permanent Improvement of Farm Property - - - - - 2 "Twentieth Century" or "Columbian" _ - 6 vJ The Badge Book ------ 9 y. '-4» Q What Will Congress Do About It? - - - 10 Almond Growing m Yolo - - - • - - 12 Book Notices - - . ' - - - - 13 •S' PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY -^ Tg^E NUT-GBOlfEii GOI^PANY, ^ '^ Poulan, Georgia. 9. U9S Second Annual Convention -OF THE- .National Nut-Growers' Association.. WILL BE HELD AT NEW ORLEANS, LA., October 28=29, 1903. Membership fees should be paid by September Ist to insure publi- cation of names in Badge Book. Eeduced railroad rates have been secured, an interesting and valu- able program is being arranged, and speakers of national reputation will be in attendance. Eeports of Committees and Vice-Presidents will bring out much new and interesting data regarding the mdustry. Mr. Sam H. James, MOXTISrD, LA., Has the largest bearing j)ecan grove of fine varieties in America. He has for sale GRAFTED and BUDDED PECAN TREES of the best varie- ties- Also eating Pecans in quantity. Also grafts and buds of Pabst, Russell, Pride of the Coast, Columbian "Tl — — TTllrTlfTiirT Van Deman, James Paper Shell, Money-Maker Which are the best of all Pecans. All these trees have borne with Mr. James, and he has absolute proof that his trees are true to uame. He sells great quantities of Grafts every winter to other nurserymen and other propagators. Prices Very Reasonable. The JSTut-Gro^^'er Osvoted to the Interests of the HatioFial Hut-Growers' Association Volume 11. AUGUST, 1903. Number 1. Pecan Propagation. By Norwood Robson, Georgia. In a recent article by an expert in budding pecans, he says ; "It is easy to understand why small trees, budded from clioitJe varieties, can- not be sold for less than from $1.(K3 to $3.00 each, and, although these prices seem high, the work is unre- munerative from the nurseryman's point of view." He might have said the same thing in regard to the grafted pecans ; on account of the nature of the wood of the pecan tree, it is difficult and slow work, and most speculative in results. The work of pecan propagation, if done along the lines favorable to the propagation of the well unilerstood apple and peach, will result in fail- ure and disappointment, and until some method is proven which will give a greater per cent tf success than the ones at present employed both in grafting and budding, the jDi-ices must remain apparently high. The pecan is usually regarded as being difficult to transplant. My experience is, that it bears trans- planting as well as any other forest tree, but it takes about two years to recover; after that, with ordinary care, they make remai'kable growths By pi-oj>erly fertilizing, v/atering, i^ruuing, etc., they can be forced to most vigorous growth and early bearing. Well authenticated in- stances are known where under thes-^ conditions they have borne nuts at six, and even four years. Terminal buds of grafts do not *' take " as well as a section. Trees cut off at the ground to be grafted, when the graft does not " take," will send up a sprout from the root far stronger and more vigorous than the original tree ; the same is true of the top grafting. One vigorou.s three year old tree, planted in a good place, was burned to the ground when the house was bui-ned; it put up from the roots, and is the most vigorous tree in that part of the grove. I have found, in taking up one and two year old trees, that where the tap root had been injured or destroy- ed, they had put out two and some- times three strong tap roots. I have also found the tap root coiled and twisted in a most remarkable shape without apparent injury to the tree. The portions; of the tap root that are cut off at the time of planting, i-eath, I^ouislana. The pecan nut is attracting the attention of uiany persons from a commercial point of view. And, like all new enterprises, much infor- mation is being sought for as to the best methods of its successful pro- pagation. "We are told by the experts and horticulturists that the pecan nut does not come trite to seed. In a word, we are led to believe that if we plant a large soft shell nut we may get a small hard shell, or vice versa. But who can e tabiish the truth of this accepted hypothesis? Then the only method is to bud or graft select or desirable varieties on the seedling. Just here another question is pre- sented. What physical effect does the scion have on the budded nut bearing tiee, as to quality? We answer, "none whatever," for the simple reason that the scion has now become the servant of the bud or graft. Now, suppose you plant the nufc of this budded or grafted tree, which is a large hard shell of the highest grade and quality. Fromi this plant what do you get? Yon must answer, "I cannot tell." So> with all our boasted wisdom, knowl- edge and science, we know absolutely nothing of the chemical changes of plant life, worked out in Nature's laboratory. We see the effects but fail to discern the cause. There is another question the amateitr would ask : " What is the best known fer- tilizer to use or apply to the nut bearing tree to procure the best re- sults ? " I suppose this may be ap- proximated by a careful analysis of branches, leaves, and the component parts of the husk, shell and kernel. The Pecan and its Relation to the Permanent improvement of Farm Property. Read by Herbert C White at Farmers' Institute, Poulaii, Ga., July 11, 1903. [continued from last issue ] Rural telephone systems are being installed in many places by progress- ive farmers, and in some parts of the country they are utilizing fence wires for the purpose. But, after all, the first thing for a community to do is to build good roads, there can be no great progress without them. This last requirement cannot be too emphatically impressed upon. THiC IS^UT-QRCWKR 3 "Without further deahcg in gener- alities, I beg your indulgence for a few minutes while I say a few words about the pecan. My wife says that " unless there are pecans in Heaven you won't be happy." I answer her by saying that " if you are a pecan you are right." The study and culture of pecans began with me after a lengthy ex- perience in orange culture in Middle Florida, where, as you will remem- ber, disastrous freezes have occiirred from time to time. I was deter- " mined to then plant something that would not freeze nor require hot water bottles acd blankets on cold nights. The planting of groves of im- proved pecan nut trees is attracting the attention of progressive farmers, business men and capitalists. Why this industry, so profitable (if intel- ligently conducted) has been neg- lected so long, I fail to understand. It IS not an ignis fatuis, but a practical and profitable investment. Even the small wild nuts find a ready market, while the demand for large, thin shelled nuts is far greater than the supply. There have been comparatively few first class trees planted, and for years the best nuts must command fancy prices. By far the greater number of nuts now consumed are the products of M'ild trees in Texas and Mexico, and it is only rarely that one sees attractive table nuts for sale in the stores. As a general rule, nuts from cultivated trees barely supply the smallest local markets. The wild pecan is found on the bottoms of most of the rivers that empty into the Gulf of Mexico, ex- cept along the immediate coastal plain. "Wild trees are said to have been found in South America. The pecan will gi'ow on almost any soil except where boggy or permanently wet. Occasional overflows do not hurt the tree but there should be drainage, natural or otherwise, to get the best results. Pecan trees grow more rapidly on rich lo%v lands, but the consensus of opinion is that they bear earlier on the higher lands. The higher lands however are fre- quently more or less deficient in humus and the trees should be mulched preferably with leaves, and fertilized the first few je&vs at all events with fertilizers moderately rich in nitrogenous matter, not en- tirely omitting, but with gradually increasing, applications of potash and j)hosphoric acid as they ap- proach a size sufiiciently large to bear a profitable crop of nuts. At this stage the use of nitrogenous fertilizers should be greatly reduced, as the object then is to induce fruit production as against a heavy growth of wood The pecan tree will adapt itself to varying soil conditions. The writer knows of trees in Florida on poor land with a cold, wet, lifeless subsoil (virtually quicksand) at a depth of three feet. The tap roots have not entered it and instead have devel- oped large round knobs immediately 4: THE NUT-GROWEK upon reaching it, Eacliating from the knobs and from the tap root be- tween the knobs and the surface of the soil are many large lateral roots. These trees are the picture of health and bear large crops of very superior nuts. On the other hand the tap roots of trees on high ridges go down an indeterminate distance. Pecan trees need a sufficient soil moisture, but unless the tap root meets an impenetrable rock they will be sure to find it. From exca- vations in railroad construction in Texas and elsewhere the fact has de- veloped that the tap root of the pecan is only rudimentary and that after a variable period and when the lateral system is well developed it decays. The foolish idea that the cutting of the tap root when transplanting, or otherwise, prevents the tree bear- ing, has long ago been exploded, and the consensus of skilled opinion and experience shows that the cut- ting of the tap root is beneficial, in- asmuch as by so doing the lateral system is stimulated and these being by far the greater gatherers of plant food, a vigoroiis growth and early bearing are induced. With a well- developed lateral system the tree is more responsive to cultivation, and fertilizers can be used to better ad- vantage. It is always found that the most vigorous trees, and the fastest growing ones, are those which at an early age have thrown out strong lateral roots near the sui'- face. The tap-root question has puzzled a good many, and deterred some from planting* pecan trees, but the theory that th-e cutting the tap- root will prevent the fruiting of the trees is groundless. Of course, there is a right and wrong way to cut roots of any trees, but space will not permit me to discuss this point now. A pecan grove should be self sup- porting from the start, and this is one of the most attractive features of the industry. Farm and truck crops can be raised between the trees for years, according to the dis- tance the trees are apart. Under these circumstances the occasional hoeing of the ground immediately around the trees is all that is neces- sary. The fertility of the soil, how- ever, should be maintained or im- proved. The selection and class of trees to be planted is perhaps the most per- plexing and difficult for the beginner to determine. It is a very serious matter, as everything depends upon it from the profit point of view. Mistakes are not easily remedied and some years must elapse before the tree speaks for itself. The staunch- est advocates of seedling trees admit that they do not all come true to seed and that there are innumerable variations. It is well known in the plant world that the larger and more " freaky " the seed, the greater the tendency to not reproduce itself. The tendency in all things in nature is to revert to the original. It does not appear to be prudent to take chances 07i an investment enduring for generations, when grafted or budded trees of specific varieties can THE ?^UT-G ROWER S be obtained at the outset although at a slightly greater initial cost. It is better to curtail the acreage and have the best, rather than to gamble on a larger grove of uncertain trees. Nobody is to-day planting orchards of seedling peaches, apples, pears, etc., and why should the principle be different in the case of pecan ? Grafted and budded trees, especially where the scions and buds are taken from beai'ing trees, usually bear at an early age, provided ordinary care and attention be given them, and no tree will do its l^est without atten- tion. At this moment I know of several trees bearing nuts the second year from the graft. There is an economical alternative, well woithy of attention, in the es- tablishment of a pecan grove, where one cannot ai¥ord to buy all grafted or budded trees, and that is to plant the bulk of the place in good seed- lings, but at the same time set out say 20 per cent, of the whole num- ber in grafted or budded trees of choicest varieties. You then have two alternatives ~- either to bud or graft all the seedlings with wood from the budded or grafted trees, within two or three years, or you can wait until all your seedlings come into bearing and top graft or bud only those which bear inferior nuts. The top working of pecan trees of any size can be accomplished and it is reasonable to suppose that many thousands of trees will event- ually be converted. Pecan nuts are very rich in oil and will no doabt be extensively used for that purpose. They are readily eaten by hogs and are very fattening. They are used in increasing quantities each year in the manufacture of candies and confectionery. They are being sold salted as in the case of i:>eanuts. A "nut and fruit" diet is advocated by many. For these and other reasons the outlook for the industry is very bright. There are several ways of grafting and budding the pecaa — either by the splice, whip, tongue, straddle and cleft graft, and by the veneer and annular methods of budding, but a technical description of these operations would consume too much time. There are a gi'eat many "named " nuts of varying sizes and quality, but comparatively few standard va- rieties of merit. Some varieties are better and surer bearers than others. Those who go into pecan culture intelligently cannot fail to be amply rewarded, but there must inevitably be many disappointments by reason of the fact that so many nondescript seedling trees of uncertain origin have been set out and the owners will not go to the trouble or expense of converting them into fine varie- ties by top grafting or budding. The yield of pecans per acre gives far better and increasing returns than the average yield per acre of con , cotton and oats, and at far less expense, and you can raise your corn and cotton and oats among the trees without detriment. Speaking of the food values and uses of nuts, I would like to state TH K 'N UT- G RO WETK that ihe Maine Agricultural Experi- \ lueu't Station, in analyzing the food i vaiijea of pecans, walnuts, filberts, cocoauut», almonds, and peanuts, developed the fact that the edible portion of >he pecan nut contained more food value, per pound of kernel than any of the other nuts -walnuts and filberts ranking second and third respectively. We are in the natural hr)me of the pecan. Neither the walnut or filbert are reliable in the lower south ; the jjecan is. Its area of perfect growth and fruiting is somewhat restricted. The walnut and filbert do better in a more tem- perate climate, of which the major part of this country and Europe consists. In my opmion farmers, peach growei's and others are losing op- portunities by not setting out pecan trees in their cotton fields and among the peach trees. Trees set fifty feet apart in cur cotton fields would not in any appreciable degree interfere with farming operations for years and long after they came into bearing. With the southern trend of immigration, lands planted in trees, if for the time alone, will assuredly prove more attractive to settlers than large areas devoid of timber and shade. Let me again caution you to be more than careful in buying, not only pecan trees but all kind of fruit trees. In the case of pecans, the woods are full of irresponsible tree peddlers with a few greasy nuts in their pockets. The most pre- posterous storieii are told by theai^ You had better investigate the sub- ject of fruit or nut gi'owing a little first and then ^o to a reliable nur- seryman and obtain your trees, bj personal selection or be guided by his judgment. I know of no better way of per- manently improving the farm than by the judicious planting of trees, and I do not think anything, all things considered, as fully fills the bill as well as the pecan. '^Twentieth Century" or ''Columbian"? EflitorTIie >'nt d rower: I hope some of your readers will tell me something about the "Twen- tieth Century" pecan through your inquiry department. I bought some buds of this variety a few years ago, and now have some thrifty trees. Have been told that it is the Columbian under another name. The wood is veiy much like that of the "Columbian." If someone that knows Avill tell me the facts in the case, the kindness will be appre- ciated. Yours truly, Plant nut trees. Walnut and butternut make comparatively rapid growth and their wood is valuable. The nuts, even if not salable, are a very rich winter relish, thoroughly enjoyed, especially where the^e are children. — The National Farmer and Stock Grower. THE XUT-GROWER The Nut'Qrower. Published monthly at Poalaa, Ga , by THE NUT-GROWER COMPANY. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 time $1.00 1 incli 3 times $i.5() i^pagel '• 3.00 1^ page 3 " 7.50 J^pagel " 5.50 lapageS " 13.75 1 pagel " 10.00 1 paee3 " 25.00 The twenty-third annual session of the Farmers' National Congress convenes at Niagara Falls Septem- ber 22 ud. The twenty-eighth biennial ses- sion of the American Pomological Society convenes at Boston, Mass., September 10th to 12th. An inter- esting program is announced, cover- ing a wide range of pomological subjects. Special attention is called to the announcement regarding Badge Book in this issue. It should be read carefully by each present and prospective member. A special cir- cular regarding railroad rates will be issued at an early date. In our last number we began the publication of an address by Her- bert C. White, delivered at a Geor- gia Farmers' Institute. The points Mr, White develops, and the promi- nent part the pecan plays in the pro- gram, are of much practical interest to all farmers in general, as well as to nut growers. In our September number we will give an outline of the pi'ogram for the New Orleans convention, and announce arrangements as far as completed. Final announcements will be made in the October num- ber, which will come out promptly on October 15th, fully two weeks prior to the date of convention. Few people, outside of the officials charged with its responsibilities, re- ahze the great convenience and benefit to a national organization in having an official organ devoted to its interests. Tiik Nut-Grower is proving a great help to the industry, while serving as a substantial helper in carrying rapidly forward the as- sociation work. A pleasant feature of all conven- tion gatherings is the grouping of kindred spirits at railway centers, and making the trip to and from the place of meeting in parties. This not only relieves the tedium of travel, but becomes a source of much enjoyment and profit, and really adds to the interests of the conven- tion. We may have some arrange- ments in this particular to announce later. Referring to our recent mention of almond cultiu'e, we have just noticed in the American Horticul- tural Manual the statement that early blooming propensities, and consequent injury by frost, is one of the difficulties encountered in their cultivation. The same book also says, "We have some promise of securing varieties from Turkestan in 8 THE NUT-GROWER Asia that will flower lat«r and prove hardier of tree." Suitable soil for fruit growing has received much careful attention and study and one need not go far astray in selecting the most eligible site for an orchard. We are not that far along yet in the cidture of nuts, particularly of the pecan, and are disposed to plant in any convenient place. This may do very well about the home grounds and on the farm along public highways, biit for the large commercial groves the selection of a site is a very important matter. In Bulletm No. 56, of the Ne- braska Exi^eriment Station, "Method in Tree Planting " is discussed, and exi^eriments, confined mostly to ap- ple trees, are described. Results thus far obtained seem to favor young trees in preference to two or three-year-old stock. Does this hold good with pecan trees ? The present consensus of opinion, as we understand it, is for older trees, al- though it is the editor's practice to plant one-year-old trees in preference to older ones. The proverbial tap root of the pecan, with all its suggestions of usefulness and uselessness, is sure to cut a figure in the industry, whether we sacrifice it or save it. However, it has pretty well demonstrated one important fact, and that is that the pecan wants an abundant regular supply of ground water, and this same troublesome tap root is Na- ture's instrument for obtaining' it. Cut it off if you will, but several new ones will be put out and go for the gi'ound water before the tree will make much progress. Thus we infer that land having ground water near the surface, as evidenced by depths of wells, is a desii'able feat- ure for pecan culture. The scope of work opening iip for the National Nut Growers' Associa- tion is a constant surprise, even to our most sanguine officials. Some of the important articles in The Nut- Groweb during the past few months indicate the trend of the work in view and its important and far- reaching effect. It requires no pro- phetic eye to see that this National Nut Growers' Association may be- come a power for good, in pressing nut trees for rehabilitating the waste places and for preserving the great Aj)palachian forest ranges. No apol- ogy is needed for giving this subject a prominent place on the program of the convention, or fur the space we give the subject in this issue of The Nut-Gkower. The bearing qualities of selected individual trees from which buds or scions are obtained is a matter de- serving close and careful attention. Not only that, but records should be kept so as to compare one year's crop with another. Now is a good season of the year to examine and note the size of the clusters. Any- one who has not obseiwed this feat- ure of a tree character will be sur- THE NUT-GROWER 9 ^^ii-raed lo find that tb-ere is much uniformity in size of the clusters on any bearing tre«. In our home .ground, where trees are comings into bearing each year, we notice that twu or three nuts to the cluster pre- vail even on some trees that rank as •abundant bearers. A pet tree of fine form, and one that began bear- ing at an early age and never misses a crop, has pretty uniform clusters ■of four each. Another tree of same age but much smaller, owing to its tap root having been severed just below the crown by a salamander, when two years old, is now carrying its second crop and has from four to six nuts to the cluster, and they seem to be bunched so closelj' that there is not roonj for another one to hang oa, and beside, the clusters seem to be as abundant as or, trees having but half the nuts to the cluster. This means a large yield from trees with uniformly large clusters. The BaiSge Book. The Badge Book for the second convention will be an interesting and valuable souvenir of the New Orleans meeting. It will contain about fifty 6x3^ inch pages of j^er- tinent matter and will be a great convenience, in giving details of the program and other convention data. It will contain the names, ad- dresses and badge numbers of all members of the Association, and ad- vertisements of members onlv. This enables one to easily ideij tif y any member by his badge number and shows his post office address and his special line of business, v.hen he uses advertising space. The names of all members who have paid one membership fee of $2.00, except lady members who are exempt from fees, together with such others as may send application for membership, accompanied by requisite fee, prior to date of going to press, about October 10th, will be inserted in plain type free of charge. To each name VN-ill be pre- fixed a number corresponding to the number on convention badge, which will be furnished to each member about ten days prior to the meeting. It will be seen that this Badge Book becomes a valuable advertis- ing medium, and sjjace is offered at the following advantageous rates; 2 pages, - - $7.00. 1 page, - - - 4.00. i page, 2^ inches, 2.50. k page, 1:^ mches, 1.50. ^ page, I inches, 1.00. Wo respectfully solicit the liberal use of advertising space, as funds thus obtained are very convenient for meeting sundrj' contingent ex- penses the Asssociation work ne* cessitates. The program for the convention is rapidly assuming definite form and gives every promise of a most interesting and profitable meeting, and one which will have a powerful and beneficial elTect upon the nut growing industry. The city of New Orleans is a typ- m THE :XUT-GROWEK ical place for such a gathering, and a .shvng committee of citizens' is ar- ranging for our convenience, comfort and pleaaure. Tlie benetita incident to meinb&r- ship in the Association nre impor- tant to the individual, even if he cannot be in attendance at the con- vention, while the moral support and fees derived from a large enrollment enables us to accomplish more and better work. A large increase of membership prior to the convention is greatly desived for these reasons. All who avail themselves of this opportunity to use the Badge Book for enrollment of names and for ad- vertising purposes should report at tmce amount of space desired, and copy should follow without delay. Send remittance with copy, as funds thus obtained are needed in prepar- ation for the convention. Nearly all the passenger associ- ations have already granted a rate of one and one-third fares on the certificate j^lau. J. F, WiLsoist, Secretary, Poulan, Ga. What Will Congress Do About It? The Appalachian Forest Eeserve will soon come up again for congres- sional consideration. It is neither dead nor settled. Like Banquo's ghost it will continually rise up, until Congress finally settles it in the only way it can be settled, and that is by passing some act that will ef- fectually preserve the great wealth of forest in the Appalaciiiaa moon- tains, for the benefit of future gen-i- erations. There is little danger of this not being done sooner or later, bat thet fear is that the government will not. realize it in time to accomplish as. j much in that direction as could be j done now. Laws were finally passed for the ' protection of the buffalo, but not I until practically all of the once count- : less herds of those noble animals, [ which swept the western plains, had j been destroyed by the ruthless sport- j man. I In most cases these huntsmen I would do no more than cut a steak i or take the tongue, and leave the I bulk of the meat and the more val- I uable "robe" to be lost. I The same waste in timber is now going on in many of tl e sections of the proposed forest reserve, and it behooves Congress to make all dili- gent haste in the matter. In this connection it might be well to record the words of the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agri- culture, in his address befor the Na- tional Geographical Society, on this subject. The Secretary, after referring to the influx of capital and skill into this region and its rapid develop- ment, calls serious attention to the destruction of the forests. He said in part: "But mischief is be'ng done now. The bark mill, the saw mill, the fire, and the farmer are at work denuding those magnificent hills, and if the THE NUT-GROWER 11 process goes on it will only be a question of time when the rivers will have no nursing angels in those mountains, when the great rainfall of those mountains will find its way down into the valleys, carrying everything movable before it and going as a torrent on its way, wreak- ing destruction as it goes, until it reaches its level in the Atlantic ocean. You would blame the farmer? He has to struggle at best to make a living in those mountains. He clears the hill of wood so as to grow a lit- tle corn or rye. He clears it higher and higher up until he reaches the very top. In a few years the soil he finds there, that gives him a light crop to begin with, is all gone. Where the woods ate let entirely alone you will find no wash, but where they have been stripped off, immediately destruction begins, and the debris is washed down from the hills until the primitive rock is reached again. All the disintegration that has been going on there for centuries back is washed away when the roots are destroyed, and no dis- integration taking place, the wash from those hills goes on down, cov- ering the little farms and the val- leys and wreaking destruction until it reaches its level in the Atlantic ocean. The fires do a very great deal of mischief in that mountain range. The bark mills furnish a market for the magnificent chestnut oak, the great tree furnishing a ton of bark when cut down for the pur- pose of getting that bark, and let lie until the next fire comes so that it may be destroyed. •'The proposition now, with re- gard to remedying the evils that are going on and multiplying, is that the United States government should own those mountain tops — not ne- cessarily- to disturb the homes of any of the people there. Thei'e will be work enough for all the people who now live in those mountains in the care of the forest reserve. The United States government now pos- sesses 70,000,000 of acres of forest reserves in the westei^n states, and is planning new reserves. The Pres- ident of the United States has power to create a forest reserve whenever he thinks it wise, and our late Presi- dents have thought it wise, and new reserves are being planned contin- ually. The South has no forest re- serve. It should have. There should be a reserve reaching as far as the rivers require protection in their in- fancy. Every river from the Missis- sippi northward to the Potomac finds its rise in that range of mountains. The rivers on the northwest of the mountains, like the Tennessee and the Ohio, are also fed, so that the people living on the Tennessee and the Ohio are just as much interested as the people living in all those Gulf States and those Southern Atlantic States. The taking care of the ag- ricultural interests of the Southern states is imperative upon the nation. The United States will suffer when- ever any one feature will suffer. The progress and prosperity of our com- mon country will be retarded when- 12 THE ]S"UT-G ROWER ever the interest of any one seciioii is retarded. The destruction going on in the Appalachian range at the present time is detrimental to the progress and prosperity of aJl the United States. It will not cost a great deal of money for the United States to buy those lands and hold them as a forest reserve, and put roads through them, and beautify them, and sell the crop of wood that may be harvested every year, which will furnish more than is now pro- duced, conserve the best interests of the forest, and provide a delightful Bum)uering place for all the people of the vallevB between the Gulf states on the one side and the Atlan- tic coast on the other. The man from the North will go down there in the svimmer. The man from the South will come up there in the sum- mer. The expense of caring for the reserve will be abundantly found in the annual crop of woods that may be sold." These are words of wisdom from the Seci'etary, whose duty it is to in- form Congress of the true facts in the case, so that "they may do their duty, not only to those of as who live now, but to future generations." — Asheville Daily Citizen. AlsBiosfd Orowing in YoBo. The symmetrical shape of all kinds of trees in Yolo county is proof beyond question that this sec- tion of the big Sacramento valley is naturally adapted to tree culture, says Major Berry in the Woodland Democrat, and while mistakes have been made heretofore in the selec- tions of varieties especially fond of the rich soils of Yolo, it does not follow that certain kmds of fruits cannot be made to pay the grower far better than any ordinary farm- ing which he may indulge in. Cer- tainly, from any standpoint, even with the present depressed prices of stone fruits, the most obselete varie- ties will pay a better remuneration to the tiller of the soil th'cn the growing of grain and hay. Exper- ience as a successful fruit grower in our state for many years convinces me, from a practical effort here in Yolo, that there are certain varieties in general locations which should be cast aside, while in special localities other varieties of a popular charac- ter are particularly at home, notably the apricot, and especiall.y the al- mond. Both of these fruits are profitable to the grower, but it is quite necessary to keep your trees free from the attacks of predaceous insects. Ask the almond grower of Yolo why he produces stick-tight almonds. Ask him why he produces gummed meats. Ask him why he produces shriveled kernels. He will tell you, as he has told the writer, "Well, we had a very hot spell of weather which, I think, was the cause." Look at the trees from a horticul- turist standpoint and you will find them so filthy from the excrement uf insects that the pores are almost stopped up. Ask him what makes the leaves on the trees so diminutive, i and the grower will tell you: "The 1 cold spring did it." Suggest to him I in the most mild and polite way that I his trees are "dirty," and you will likely get yourself disliked. : Almond growers of Yolo county, I your ti'ees are dirty, very dirty and ; unless attention is given to cleaning I up your orchards this profitable in- ' dustry will soon cease to be profit- THE NUT-GROWER 1^ able. Of cotii-Be, you know the big: tfruit counties cannot grow almonds successfully, and in a sense Yolo, with a moderate area of land in the adjoining counties, can become, with j)roj)er attention, the banner almond- ' producing section of the State. In referring to the dirty condition ; of your almond orchards the writer desires to say that the remedies for overcoming these conditions are well known. Space forbids me entering into the details of the remedies and their formula. There is another very important matter which the grower must not overlook. The al- mond is very suspectible to sunburn, and once, only once, that is permitted ! to occur, you will surely have a dis- eased tree, and the writer regrets to say it has been permitted to occur too much in this beautiful county. I will not discuss apricots in any special way. The successful grow- ers about Winters have learned the cause of their troubles, and know pretty well how to overcome them, and the sloppy grower must raise clean fruit or he cannot sell it. — California Fruit Grower. We have received from John Wiley & Sons, New York, Part II of Budd's & Hansen's American Hor- ticultural Manual, price $1.50. This volume is devoted to systematic pomology and describes all the lead- ing varieties of orchard fruits, grapes, small fruits, nuts and sub- tropical fruits of the United States and Canada. It is of great value to the practical fruit grower who needs a convenient and authorative, up-to- date work. It will be found espec- ially helpful to amateur growers. The chapter devoted to nuts will be of particular intei'est to our read- ers, but the list and descriptions of pecans will hardly satisfy some of the enthusiastic growers in the low- er South, owing to the omission from the list of some of the popular and most extensively propagat^ va- rieties, such as the Stuart, Georgia Giant, and Admiral Schlev. The Year Book of the Department of Agriculture for 1902 contains about 900 pages of matter of gi-eat interest. It embraces the annual report of the Secretary, a number of miscellaneous articles, a copious in- dex, and is illustrated with half tone engravings and colored plates. Sen- ators and Representatives have lib- eral supply of these valuable volumes for distribution among their consti- tuents. Forestry and the Lumber Supply, is the title of a 1-4-page pamphlet issued bv the Bureau of Forestry as Circular No. 25. It contains arti' cles by President Roosevelt, R. L. McCormick and Gilford Pinchot. It is of much interest to nut growers, who see in the plaiiting of nuts trees for timber and for reforesting landsj a step toward the remedy for prob- lems now confronting lumbermen and forestry experts. Bulletin No. 72 of the Lousiana Agricultural Experiment Station on Forage Crops, Grasses, Alfalfa, Clo- ver, etc., is of much interest and value to Soiithern farmers and or- chardists. It enumerates, describes and gives cultural directions for Dearly thirty different plants suited for the South, having more or less value as forage producers. Many of them have additional value as soil renovators. M THE :?sUT-GKOWEK When writing to FOR SALE ==10,000 PecaiB advei'tisej's please .mention The Nut^ Grower* FOR SALE. An At farm. 100 acres more or less, in Louisiana, containing a pecan grove of 537 Budderl Pecan Vreta from the best varieties and qualities of Louisiana Pa per Shell Pecans. The farm, beside, is adapted to the culture of cotton, corn, irucli farming, stock and poultry rais- ing, etc. Everything needed on a well equipped farm to be found here. In communication with the markets of the world by rail, telegraph, mail, telephone, express. Address, Dk. Y. R. Le.\Iohniek, 1129 N. Rampart Ave., New Orleans, La. Pecans AND NOTHi:!JG BUT PECANS, Best Varieties. HARTWELL NURSERIES- W. PEEK. Proprietor, HARTWELL, CA, Send for Catalogue. E5tal>lished i88a. Gaifiesville Nurseries of Gainesville, Fla., Make a specialty of Budded and (drafted Pecan Trees of standard varieties. Orders booked now for coming fall and winter delivery. Send for Price List. Trees in Nursery, 34 mi!e froire village. Address, Pecan Grower, Care Nut Grower. 50,000 Pecan Buds for Sale. Columbian and Stuart Varieties. J. D. LEE, Shreveport, La, H. S. GRAVES, Prop. Oaioesville, Fla. Nut and Other Trees. In Immense Quantities for Fall De- livery. PECANS—Crafted, Budded and Seedling, WALi^UTS— Japan and Enslish. Chestmrts, Peaches, Apples, Piums, Pears, Cherries, Crapes, Small Fruits, Roses, Shade Trees and Shrubs. All true to name, free from disease and firs* class in every respect. Send for catalog. P. J. Berckmans Co. (Inc.) FRUITLAND NURSERJES, Established 1M6. AUGUSTA, GA. 4C0acies. 60,000 feet of glass. STUART=ROBSON PECAN COMPANY. Growers and dealers in large Soft and Paper Shell Pecans. Originators of the celebrated varieties, Columbian, Stnart, Van Deman and Capital. Bndded, Grafted or Seedling trees for sale. Address either Ocean Springs, Miss. Kirfcwood, Ca. HOW TO GROW PAPER SHELL PECANS -Free 6 . Best information on how to grow a pecan grove for profit. 12 finest varieties known for sale. Cions cut personally by member of firm, hence varieties guar- anteed. Also full descrip- tive catalogue of other fruits. B. W. STONE & CO., Thomasville, Ga. The NtjT-Gtroaver Devoteii to the Interests off tlie National Nut-Growers' Association Volume II. SEPTEMBER, 1903. Number 2. Pecans in Illinois. [The following, takeii from an old number of American Gardening, -was referred to Mr. Kiehl, with request for such information as he could furnish regarding the nuts men- tioned. His reph' is printed in full, bUb since it throws no light on the Floyd pecan we will be glad of any information regarding it that any reader can furnish. — Ed."| Professor W. F. Massey is light in his protest against hav- ing the pecan classed as a semi- tropical nut. Every spring I see an article going the rounds of the ag- ricultural papers stating that the pecan is not hardy north of Phila- delphia, or that the nuts will not ripen, if the trees do survive, further north. This mav be true c-f the southern varieties of pecan, but here, in Central Illinois, pecans grow wild in the greatest abundance in the valleys of the Illinois and other rivers. The nuts never fail to ripen, nor are the trees ever injured by cold, although the temperature some- times goes down to 40° below zero. I have seen pecan trees here three feet in diameter and 40 feet to the lowest limb. As to size of the mats, we can beat anything ever shown from the South. Nussbaumer's Pan is a native of Illinois, and is larger than any of the famous southern varieties. In the American Asfri- culturist of February, 1890, I tind the following paragraph : "■ The Floyd Pecan. A. P. Dennis, Linn county, Iowa (Jat. 42^"). The speci- men ( f the Floyd pecan nut you send is certainly remarkable for size, measuring two and a quarter inches in length and one and a quarter in diameter. This is one-fourth of an inch longer than the great Nuss- baumer hybrid found in Illinois a few years ago. This Floyd pecan is nearly double the size of the cele- brated Lady Finger pecan of Louis- iana, and we have seen nothing of the kind from the South that ap- proaches it in size. It is quite re- markable that pecan nuts of such immense size should be found grow- ing wild in our northern states, where no one ever thought of look- ing for such nuts a few years ago." - C. K. Meyer, Tazewell Co., 111. Editor The Nut Grower : This reply to your favor of the 2nd inst. was delaved on account of 18 THE 2s'UT-GROT\^ER vay efforts to find out somethiug about cbe Floyd pecan or of party referring to same. I could leavn Mothmg about either. As to the Nusbbautner, it is a cross between pecan and hickory, of large size, and resembling the pecan in appearance. It is nearly all shell, and of little or no value excepting as a curiosity. I agree with what is said in the clip2)ing you sent regarding the hardiness of the pecan ; it is grow- ing all over our hills and valleys here, though mostly in the valleys, and apparently as hard}' as any oak. Our people here have in recent j'ears taken considerable interest in nuts and their culture, though but little has been done as yet in the Avay of culture. Great forests of pecan have been set down along the river val- leys here in recent years, some for fuel, some merely to get the land clear on which to raise corn and other crops, and a good man}'^ just to get the pecans they bore. No doubt many large, choice nuts were thus lost forever. During the past two years the writer has found sev- eral trees bearing large, fine nuts, which will be propagated in the future. None of these are as large as some of the southern varieties, like Columbian, Pabst, Van Deman- etc., but we know that ours are hardy and we are not so sure about the southern varieties. I am also inclined to think that our varieties are sweeter and richer. Our pecan crop is short this year owing to a heavy frost on May last, which caught it in bloom. As the hickory grows mostl}' in the up- lands it was not affected bj' the freest, and most all trees are fairly bent with their heavy load of nuts. Walnuts, too, are bearing a heavy crop. Some ten varieties of new itii- proved chestnuts are fruiting with us this year ; most of the trees, all of which are young, are covered with well-filled burrs. We find these very interesting as well as profitable, and shall plant more trees each year as long as we have room for thetn. Hoping the above may be of some service to you, I am. Yours very truly, Edwix H Riehl. Some Walnut Talk. Mr. E. E. Risien, of San Saba, Texas, sends us the following com- munication which he received in answer to an inquiry in The Nut- G ROWER : "Some time ago you made in- quiry in The Nut-Grower in re- gard to the grafting of the Persian walnut on our native black walniit, etc. I beg to say that about twenty years ago I grafted the Pers^'an wal- nut on a young black walnut about two inches in diameter. The graft made a growth of perhaps six feet the first season, the year following about four feet, and the following winter the cold killed it down to the union with the stock. I have plant- ed quite a number of Persian walnut trees, but none of them survived our wmters more than three years ; it T HE N U T-G ROW K R 19 seems that a warm speil during win- tre causes the sap to become active and the next blizzard v.iii kill the tree to the ground. "Last February I budded the Japan walnut (Juglans Oordif ormis) on the black walnut. I put iu four buds in the limbs of a small tree, and every one lived and seems to be doing fairl}' well, though the union between stock and bud is not as perfect as I would like. There is an abnormal bulge or swelling at the union. Of course it will take several years to demonstrate the fact as to whether the Japan walnut will suc- ceed on our native walnut or not. Three years ago I grafted two liick ory trees, perhaps six feet high, with the Mississippi egg-shell pecan. I grafted several limbs of each tree and out of the lot one lived and made a very satisfactory growth ; the union of stock and scion is so jDerfect that an expert could not tell the exact place where the scion was inserted. Last year, or at two j-ears from the graft, the tree produced a few catkins, but set no fruit. This year, although the girdler cut off nearly all of last year's growth, the tree is producing a few nuts. Fi'om what little experience I have in grafting and budding the pecan upon the hickory (I have several budded trees) I believe that the hickory can be more successfully grafted or bud- ded than the pecan, and that it makes a more rapid growth. I have one tree budded last year on a hickory perhaps two inches in diam- eter that made a growth of fully six feet this year and is branched. "J. F. Leyendecker." The HiisSi Oliiiiq|ua|9En. By D. L. Pierson, Florida. The field of nut culture is about to be entered by a new claimant for honors, the new hybrid chinquapin, Rush. This new nut originated in the home of the American sweet chestnut, Pennsylvania, and is a natural cross between the sweet chestnut and the bush chinquapin so common all over the southern and middle states. The nut is much larger than the common chinquapin — in fact, about the size of the sweet chestnut— is round in shape, de- liciously sweet like its wild parent, and is much more easily cracked than the small wild nuts. The tree, partaking of the nature of its chest- nut parentage, attains a good size i (30 to 40 feet) and bears profusely. Many of the grafts we put in hist spring have several clusters of nuts on them in the nursery row, and we are quite sure that a great many of them will mature before frost. "We are very sanguine that this new nut is a great acquisition and will be a source of much profit to the horti- culturists of this section of the coun- try. Just think of it ! Anyone who will may have a supply of these delicious nuts and not be dependent on sections north of us for chestnuts that at best are well mixed with wormy and decayed nuts ; while, planted commercially, they must be very pi'ofitable. We intend planting out, in orchard form, about all of the trees we propagated this season, I and hope to be able to report a fair 20 THE NUT-GROWER crop of nuts from them next yeai", which we can do if they continue as they have begun in the nursery. Coitiiiiercial Planting of Pecans. By S. W. Peek. I have just read with much inter- est an article on pecan culture writ- ten by Prof. H. E. Van Deman, ex- United States Pomologist, aud pub- lished in Colman's Rural World. Such an article from such a source is worth a great deal to the pecan industry-. When a doubting Thomas reads an article on the pecan, written by a nurseryman, he is sure to think of the trees that the nurseryman has to sell ; but no one will for a moment think of personal interest in connec- tion with this article by Professor Van Deman. Nearly twenty yeais ago I came across an article on the pecan writ- ten by Mr. E. P. Hollister, and, I think, published in the same paper, the Rural World. This article was reproduced in my catalogue issued at the time. Many, no doubt who read the article thought the writer estimated the pecan too highly and overdrew his picture ; but now, in the light of experience, we see that he wrote with almost prophetic wis- dom. Why don't we advertise the busi- ness more and try to induce people to come to the South and engage" in pecan culture ? Nothing will beat it. I believe a big fortune is in wait- ing for the man who will plant a large area of good land in the best varieties of pecan trees and care for them properly a few years. He will not have to wait for the nuts, but by letting the world know that he has pecan gi-oves for sale he will find ready buyers at such prices as will render his investment very profit- able. I frequently receive letters from peoi^le at the North inquiring about the pecan business, and I find that they usually prefer to buy land on which the trees are already started. There is an opportunity here, if we will only embrace it. A Freak of Nature. Bditor The Nut Grower : From the tone of Mr. Halbert'e letter we presume that he has a fine seedling orchard, and we want him to report about it. The fruiting of seedlings becomes very interesting, and we enjoy reading about them, for it takes patience — financial pa- tience, and lots of it — to wait on them. Among the many new creations I have coming this year for the first time is one that is fruiting without having any male blossoms (or cat- kins) to appear. As this is so com- pletely the reverse order of things, I regard it as little else than a freak of nature. Here we have an instance where it would be impossible for the nuts to be fertilized from its own pollen, THE IS^UT-GROWBR 4> 1 and if it proves something' superior, nothing but deterioration could be possible in the germ of the seed. As the rule here ib for the catkins to appear one year befure fruiting', I would like to hear from others on this point. My experience is that we have to plant hundreds and thousands to get even one of a desired type. How- ever, we are glad that there are ad- vocates of seedlings, for it is to them we budding and grafting fellows are to look for our new material. E. E. RisiEN Persian WaS^ist in Tc^^as. From Rural New Yorker. P. L., Deiiison, Tex.— V/ill Eny-iish Wal- uuts Kucc.^eed in this cUrnareV Ans. - Yes, I believe the Persian (improperly called English) walnut will succeed in the eastern ajid cen- tral United State?^, provided the right varieties are planted, but they are rare and very little are known about them. Indeed, the culture of this nut in these parts of the country has been usually a failure, although it has been tried f.ir hundreds of years. Here and there trees have been grown from nuts that were se- lected at random, and nearly all of them have been either tender or un- productive. The latter is usually owing to the fact that the trees are solitary and their male flowers often bloom either too early or tuo late for the pistillate ones. However, there are a few very fruitful and hardy trees of th;s species in vseveral of these states that I believe ought to be propagated by budding or graft- ing, and tested more generally. The principal reason wh}- these valuabl*^. varieties have not been tried is, that it IS very difficult to bud and graft the walnut, but this is ]iow being accomplished by a fev>- skillful and faithful experimenters, and we hope for better success in the culture of this nut. Our wild black walnut and the Caiifoinia black walnut, which are much alike, are proving very suitable stocks for the Persian species. They me especially desira- ble in the South, where the roots of the latter are troubled by nematodes, as our native species are resistant. I have recently been some very healthy Persian walnut trees in S(mth Caro- lina and Mississippi, and at the same places where others aie neither haidy nor fruitful. There is one variety at Li/ckport, N. Y., named Pomeroy, and another i?) Pennsylvania called Rush that are the most valuable of any that I know in the Eastern states. In California and Oregon about all the European varieties do well. H. E. V. D. I Pifijis No 3 ice Reo THE :S^UT-GROWER experiments that their remedy will ^ shall be the sole judge of the merits come up to the requirements of the | of any and all claims for the reward 90 per cent qualification, make tests | and from its decision there shall be under the observation of the com- mittee of one or more persons ap- pointed by the executive committee. 10th, In case that two or more methods are successful the reward shall be paid to the one vt'hose meth- od is most practical, all things con- sidered. 11th. If there are two or more equally desirable and efficient rerae no appeal— Pacific Fruit World. The Program. The following items, with some others of importance which are not yet definitely arranged, will appear in the convention program: Grafted and Budded Trees vs. Seedlings. Discussion opened by dies furnished by as many different : ^^''^-- ^- ^- ^^^^ Deman. persons the reward shall be equally ! Report of Committee on Nomen- divided accordingly and paid to the \ clature and Standards, Wm. A. Tay- two or more persons. < lor. 12th. Any foreign applicant for What We Know About Pecans, the reward may file his formula and Wm. Nelson, Chas. E. Pabst and B. method with the secretary of the M. Young. executive committee, and have the j Ti^e Nut-Grower, J. F. Wilson, tests made by said committee, pro- vided said remed}' seems meritor- ious, and said applicant shall bear the expense of all preliminary tests provided that such expense shall not exceed 10 per cent, of the reward offered. 13th. If no satisfactory remedy is discovered by 1907 the executive comuuittee may withdraw this offer at its discretion, 14th. The remedy or remedies V, hich may be adopted shall, if pat- entable, be patented by the inventor and assigned to the executive com- mittee of the Walnut Growers' As- sociation of Southern California, and shall become the exclusive property of said committee. 15th. The executive committee of the Walnut Growers' Associations Twenty-Five Years With Pecans, S. H. James. Nut-Calture In Forestry, Prof. Geo. B. Sudsworth. The Pecan In Louisiana, Prof. F. H. Burnette. Nut Trees for Ornament. The Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion. The Appalachian Forest Reserve. The Outlook for Commercial Pe- can Growers, H. S. Watson. Pecan Insects, Prof. H. A. Mor- gan. Reports of State Vice-Presidents. Reports of Standing and Special Committees. President's Address, Address of Welcome, etc. THK ]?^UT-GROWER 27 European Almond Crop. The present outlook for the Mal- aga almond crop of 1903 gives prom- ise for one of tlie largest yields of many years, says United States Con- sul D. R. Bircb, of Malaga, Spain. American interest in the Malaga market pi'obably centers in the grade of almonds known to commerce as the Jordan, which is grown or.ly in this immediate vicinity. Since 1899 the Jordan crop has been short, last year unusually so, owing to frosts during the spring of 1902, that froze many buds. While it is most difficult to ascer- tain with any degi-ee of certainty the extent, measui-ed by boxes, of any season's yield, an approximate esti- mate of last year's output is from 40,000 to 50,000 boxes. Reliable advices place the commg crop of Jordans at double that of last year, and leading firms here express them- selves as being prepared for an out- put of 100,000 boxes of 25 pounds each. Recent reports from the growing districts are to the effect that, owing to some peculiar action of the fog in the lower lands, many almonds are dropping from the trees. This in- formation, if true, may slightly reduce the estimate of the size of the crop, while on the other hand it may only be an attempt to bull opening prices. Local experts say without doubt the crop is no%v secure and immune from ordinary weather conditions. Consequent!}^, if these prospects are realized, the 1903 price will inevi- tably be much lower than that of last season's figures. The last sales cf 1902 almonds made a few days ago were at about $9.25 for Jordans and $4.75 for Valencias, cost and freight, New York. These pi-ices are for the box of 25 i^ounds of Jordan and 28 pounds of Valencia. About 75 per cent of Jordans exported to the United States are of the grade known as "confectioners' Jordans;" the rate quoted above was for this quality. The same almonds sold during the past year at from $8.25 to $10.50 the box of 25 pounds, cost and freight, New York, while durmg 1901 the price ranged from $0.50 to $8.25 for the sams quality and quan- tity. Valencia almonds are never diffi- cult of purchase for the reason that they are produced along the entire coast of southern Spain. This grade will also be more abundant during the coming season than for several years past. The stock of 1902 Jor- dans now in Malaga warehouses probably does not exceed 500 boxes. During the year endiiig December 31, 1902, 27,486 boxes and 50 bags of Jordans, and 37,649 boxes and 110 bags of Valencias were exported from Malaga to the United States as against 30,000 boxes of Jordans and 35,000 boxes of Valencias during the year 1901. The present freight rates for the ton of 80 boxes of almonds are 40 shillings to New York, 49 shillings to Philadelphia, and 44 shillings to Boston, but these 28 THE iS'UT- GROWER figures are somewhat reduced by I France— la Provence, late frosts competition during the vintage did a great deal of damage, and a season, one-third crojD is anticipated. - Cali- If, on the other hand, buyers man- ifest no impatience to close in Sep- tember and October, there may be a drop of from 10 to 15 francs. Specu- lators can take either horn of the dilemma. The largest dealer in Mar- seilles tells me that there will be a half crop of shelled almonds in this region, and one- third of almonds in the shell. He puts comparative prices per 100 kilos as follows : Almonds. 1903. 1902. Princess 200 frs. 160 frs. Hard 40 " 38 " Ala Dame 90 " 85 " Provence shelled. 205 " 190 " A particularly well informed Span- ish correspondent puts the situation as follows : Italy — Everything points to a good crop in Sicily and Sardinia. In La Pouille the cold weather of April has diminished the prospective crop, which previously promised well. Nevertheless, we may expect a good half crop in this region about Bari. Spain — From the Balearic Islands a good crop is announced, and we have the same news from the prov- ince of Alicante and the coast of Tarragona. Some damage has been done in Aragon by bad weather, but not sufficient to affect the general results. Portugal — Very optimistic infor- mation is received from all quarters. Morocco Definite information is wanting, but fairly good crop is an- ticipated. forma Fruit Grower. The Alabama Agricultural Exper- iment Station has issued a reprint of the horticultural laws and rules of the Alabama State Board of Horti- culture. Railroad Rates to Con- vention. The Southern Passenger Associa- tion, the New England Passenger Association, Trunk Line Association, Central Passenger Association, South- western Excursion Bureau and West- ern Passenger Association (from points under their jurisdiction in Il- linois, Missouri and Kansas) have granted a special rate of one and one-third fare plus 25cts. on the cer- tificate plan, on account of the Na- tional Nut Growers' Convention at New Orleans, October 28 to 30, 1903. It is expected that important roads in the southwestern territory not covered by these organizations will make the same rate. This is open to members, delegates, their families, and such other persons as are interested in the industry and who attend one or more sessions of the Convention. All those who ex- pect to use this rate should read carefully the following and comply THE :NUT-GR0WER ^i) strictly wi, by mail or express (prepaid). Send for catalogue. OAK LAWN NURSERY, HUNTSVILLE . ALA. I^ut and Other Trees. In Immense Quantities for Fall livery. De PECANS— Crafted, Budded and Seedllno> WALNUTS— Japan and English. Chestnuts, Peaches, Apples, Plums, Pears, Cherries, Crapes, Small Fruits, Roses, Shade Trees and Shrubs. All true to name, free from disease and first class in every respect. Send for catalog. P. J. Berckmans Co. (Inc.) FRUITLAND NURSERIES, Established lf56. AUGUSTA, CA. 400 acres. 60,000 feet of glass. STUART=ROBSON PECAN COMPANY. Growers and dealers in large Soft and Paper Shell Pecans. Originators of the celebrated varieties, Columbiar, Stuart, Van Deman and Capital. Budded, Grafted or Seedling trees for sale Address either Ocean Springs, Miss. Kirkwood Ca. HOW TO GROW PAPER SHELL PECANS -Free Best information on how to grow a pecan grove for profit. 12 finest varieties known for sale. Cions cut personally by member of firm, hence varieties guar- anteed. Also full descrip- tive catalogue of other fruits. B. VV. STONE & CO., Thoraasville, Ga. The Nut-Gtro^^er to th@ Ssiterssts of the Volume II. OCTOBER, 1903. Number 3. Tress for Fence FS9StS. Some of the most rapid strides in industrial progress occur in an indi- rect way, and incidentally lead to new uses and increased profit by convertiijg by-products into mer- chandise of various kinds. This emphasizes the importance of press- ing the planting of nut trees for various specific purposes in which the crops of nuts figure in the nature of a by-product, since it is often practical to secure plantings for ornamental or timber purposes, while the long period of waiting for returns would be a bar to planting for crops the trees would eventually produce. As simple a commodity as a fence post serves as the text for this arti- cle, and fencing the right-of-way of southern railroads supplies a subject for its application. Many railroads in the lower South have a strip of land on each side of their road-bed of from 50 to 100 feet. As the counties through which they pass settle up, they have to fence this right-of-way. The time will soon come, if it has not already arrived, when woven wire will be used extensively for this purpose. The posts and braces this kind of fence requires are items in its cost ; j that should be carefully considered j in this connection— not only the first cost of posts and setting, but the replacing and resetting, which after the first five years becomes a regular matter of cost for renewals and labor in making repairs. Our proposition is to use live trees for the necessary posts ; a woven wire fence demands not only that, but a nut-bearing tree as well, and for southern territory a pecan tree. Kailroads ai"e large consumers of fencing material. Their road-bed and right-of-way are permanent fix- tures in the territory through which their lines run. They can afford to make improvements which eventually will save them money in the main- tenance of fences, while at the same time securing an indirect revenue in the form of a by-product in value of nuts. Now this may seem fanciful to railroad men and people in general, but that will not discourage the nut- grower, who knows the value of these trees. It will not be hard for 34 T.HK NUT-GROWER shrewd railroad men to understand that a live fence post that will last for generations to come is infinitely cheaper than a dead stick that must be removed from six to ten times during the life of one generation. It may be a long time before this proposition is extensively utilized, but our purpose is to furnish food for thought, to point out a way for aggressive men to follow, and by advocating the value of its by- product endeavor to impress the public with the importance of nut- growing as an industry', and show * how wide an application can be made of it for public and private good. The data following is given solely for the purpose of impressing this presentation of the subject : A mile of road, fenced on both sides, will require 528 posts if placed 20 feet apart. If trees are used, they would be 40 feet apart, or 264, about enough to plant eight acres in grove form. The initial cost of posts will vary, according to locality and timber supply, from 10c. to 25c. each, or about $100 per mile, and these will all have to be replaced within 10 years' time. Seedling pecan trees can be ob- tained in large quantities at 10c. each, or but $26.40 for the 264 trees required for a mile of road, less than one-third the costs of posts. Then they are permanent fixtures for hun- dreds of years when once started in growth, and do not have to be re- newed every few years. As to the cost of planting the trees, it will not vary materially from the setting and resetting of posts. Thus, from considerations of econ- omy, without regard to value of crops the live posts will produce in a few years, it seems to be good pol- icy to use such tree for posts. However advantageous such a plan may promise, still there are other and more important consider- ations connected with it. These trees should be planted for revenue as well as utility, for their money- making qualifications cannot be questioned if the enterprise is prop- erly handled. In view of this oppor- tunity for profit, the careful selec- tion of the best trees, of the choicest varieties, budded or grafted and true to variety, should be planted. Such trees now cost $1.00 each (and the supply is limited), while the seedling tree can be had in abun- dance at one-tenth the price. Still, with this multiplied cost of a budded or grafted tree, it does not exceed the actual cost of plain posts, and the one or two renewals that will be demanded up to the age when trees will be m full bearing. However, the items of fertilizer and cultivation of trees must be reckoned in the light of an investment which is as- sured profitable dividends, over and above the utility purpose that trees perform, at actually less cost than posts. Take a period, say of fifteen years, and compute the initial cost and maintenance of a wire fence on posts and compare it with the full cost of the best trees, their planting, care THE NUT-GROWER 35 and cultivation for the same period, and it will be found that the live posts are the most economical, even without taking account of the crops obtained during at least half that period, for the budded tree begins to bear at five to seven years, and at fifteen years will be producing large crops, while a seedling tree might or might not be producing a profitable crop. Granting that the cost of fence is the same by either plan at the end of this period of fifteen years, what do you have from that time on? In one case the same expense for re- newals of posts as before, and annual cost of labor for repairs, etc.; in the other a permanent arrangement for the utility purposes required, and a property making annual returns of surprising figures, and that, too, with so small an outlay for mainte- tenance and minimum risk of loss in handling the crop, that it in itself is one of the most profitable, safe and certain agricultural industries, now receiving widespread and merited attention. A large grove of pecan trees, reaching for miles in two parallel lines 150 to 200 feet apart, may not seem a very convenient form for planting, but this is compensated for fully in the advantage it gives for the development of the finest trees and variety of most profitable crops, as every tree has ample room with full access to light and winds. Then, again, since the care and cul- 1 tivation of trees would naturally fall! the lot of section hands, who go back and forth on the hand cars, the ob- jection to long rows disappears. A final word as to what this by- product may be worth, and here we simply give such data as the men who are planting large commercial groves have carefully studied before^ starting their work. Pecan nuts, of the choice large thin-shelled vari- eties, sell readily in New Orleans or New York at 50c. per pound, and supj^h' has never been equal to the demand. These fine nuts sell for seed pui-poses at present to a con- siderable extent for twice this amount. The opposite extreuie in price is found in the small, wild nuts from Texas and Louisiana, which bring at wholesale from 6c. to 10c. per pound according to size and quality. As to yield among seed- ling ti-ees there is great diversity, some being barren, while others will produce several hundred pounds. One hundred pounds per tree is not far from the average for good trees of sufiicient age. With the use of grafted and budded trees the bear- ing character of trees and quality of nuts are detennined before planting. Estimating the price of nuts at 25c. per pound for choice at wholesale, would mean $20.00 per tree per year, or $5,280 for the 264 trees on one mile of road. This would mean $1 by-product for each lineal foot of the road-bed thus improved ; would pay all taxes, the interest on a bonded indebtedness of $25,000 per mile, and leave enough to pay a good interest on the capital stock used in construction of this route of grove- 86 THK :S^UT-G ROWER ]ii;ed track. This is no detriment in any way to the operating of road, i»ut adds beauty to the before-men- lioned utility and money-making properties. It is a matter of indifference to the writer whether railway officials are interested or not in this article, or utilize this industry in the way sug- i^ested. Our puipose is to demon- strate the money-making oppor- tunity the pcan affords, cause farm- ♦^rs in particular to investigate the matter fullv, and to uroe them to )>lant intelhgentl}' and largely. It uill be a long time before over-pro- • {iicticin can seriously interfere with substantial profits, and new utesand increased demand is sure to follow increased production and slight re- duction in prices. JorcSan ABmonds. The United States consul at Mal- aga, Spain, Hon. D. K. Birch, re- ])orts that the coming season's crop of the famous Jordan almond gives ])romise of assuming normal propor- tions for the first time since the year 1899. This forecast means that approximately 100,000 twenty-five pound boxes will be available for ex- !)ortatiou at a pronounced decrease in prices as compared with last year's tered, and this condition would not affect the American market to any appreciable extent, as the bulk of the larger sizes is sold in England and but few reach the United States. The trend of the price of the Jor- dan almond has been steadily up- ward daring the past three years, or since the last large crop, in 1899. The return to normal conditions will undoubtedl}' be followed by a con- siderable reduction in prices. All the Malaga exporters are united on this point. Confectioners' Jordans, the size most in demand by American buy- ers, were marketed last year at from $8.25 to $10.50 the box of twenty- five pounds, f. o. b. New York. The prices during the season of 1901 for the same grade and quantity of Jor- dans fluctuated between $0.50 and $8.25. About 75 per cent of the Jordan almonds exported to the United States are of this size. The yield of the Valencia grade in southern Spain will be large, as usual. It is probable that all the hold-uver stocks in the country will be marketed during the current month. — California Fruit Grower. ngures. Experts in Malaga say that the absence of sufficient rain during the lime the almond was emerging from Mossom may possibly result in the fruit being smaller than in former i years. The high quality of the | Jordan will, however, remain unal- J Prices were named by the Associa- tions m Los Angeles on Friday, Sept. IG, viz.: No. 1 soft shell, 12^0.; No. 2 soft shell, lO^c; No. 1 hard shell, 12c.; No. 2 hard shell, lOc. The crop is way short of early estimates and orders have been booked for a possible full crop. All orders booked are subject to pro rata delivery in case of short crop. It is not known at this time on what basis the deliv- eries will be made, as buyers consider the prices high and are confirming orders slowly. Almonds are quiet and unchanged.-- California Fruit Grower. THE NUT-GROWER 37 The Nut-Grower. Published monthly at Poulau, Ga , by THE NUT-GROWER COMPANV. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 time Sl-OO 1 inch 3 times $2.50 i OKJ;ist. The nursery business of Georgia has shown a marked increase during the past year, both in number of nurseries and in number of trees grown. During the season cf 1902 there were but 108 nurseries in the State, whereas since Aug. 1, 1903, the State L>ept. of Entomology has inspected and issued certidcates to 191 nur- series, containing a total of 10,514,- 000 trees. The 191 nurseries are distributed as follows: Upper Region (34 deg. to 35 deg. N, Lat.) 90. Middle Region (33 deg. to 34 deg. N. Lat.) 90. Southern Region (below 33 deg. N. Lat.) 10. The number of different fruit trees grown in these nurseries are as fol- lows: Peach 8,370,000 Apple 990,000 Pecan 788,000 Plum 216,000 Pear 82,000 Cherry 40,000 Grape 15,000 China trees 7,000 Mulberries G,000 Total 10,514,000 These figures do not include six nurseries containing 236,000 trees, which were found infested with Sian Jose scale. It is needless to say that none of these mfected trees will be allowed upon the open market. In- asmuch as the six infected nurseries THE ]^^UT-G ROWER contained sufficient San Jose scale to infect every important commercial, orchard in Georgia, the wisdom of having a thorough system of nur- sery inspection is self-evident. Of the total number of peach trees, 8,870,000, we estimate upon a safe basis that approximately one- third, or 2,790,000 are available for planting the coming winter. Eighty-four nurseries located out- side of Georgia have complied with the Georgia laws and have made ar- rangements to ship nursery stock into this State during the coming season. As these are for the most part large nurseries and as not over twenty-five Georgia nurseries ship outside the State to any appreciable extent, it is evident that the amount of stock imported will considerably exceed that shipped out. In fact we estimate that the excess will far more than balance any salable stock left in the Georgia nurseries. 3,000,000 is therefore a safe estimate of the number of peach trees that will be planted in Georgia this winter. Approximately 5,580,000 peach trees (dormant-budded, grafted and small June-budded stock) will be carried through to next season by the nurserymen, all of which will be available for the season of 1904-05. Some of this stock will of course be lost through faulty handling, disease, insects, etc., but as the above figure does not take into count the June- bud crop of 1904 — which will more than off-set any loss to disease etc., — there will be between five and 67 six million peach trees for sale by the Georgia nurseries next year. It seems very improbable that the planting of peach trees in commer- cial orchards will reach these enor- mous figui'es in 1904-05, hence a large surplus stock, with correspond- ingly low prices may be expected. Of the 990,000 apple trees, prob- ably one-fourth or 250,000 will be planted this winter. Marietta is the largest nui'sery center in the State, having thirty- two nurseries, containing a total of 2,887,000 trees. Concord, Ga. ranks second as a producer of nursery stock, having three nurseries containing 805,000 trees. Reeves Station ranks third with six nurseries and 6G5,000 trees, while, Rome stands fourth with five nur- series growing 391,000 trees. Of the eight most important nur- sery towns in the State six are locat- ed in North Georgia, and two in Middle Georgia. The Pecan m Sciiiiiwes! Qzmqm. By Mr. Herbert C. White. The pecan in Southwest Georgia is destined to become an important factor in the upbuilding of the ma- terial wealth of the section. Exper- ienced and far-seeing individuals and corporations have been and are now planting out large groves. The pecan industry will be para- mount in some parts of Southwest Georgia in a few years. Where the tree has received any care or atten- tion (and in many cases where it 6S THE NUT-GROWER has not) the profitableness of the industry has passed the experimen- tal stage. Mr, G. M. Bacon, at De- Witt, and Major R. J. Bacon, at Baconton, can point with pride, pleasure and profit to their pecan groves to-day. It was an experi- ment with them some few years ago, but they builded better than they knew, and the land upon which the trees were planted has enormously increased in value by virtue of the income fi'om the nuts. They might both have been very rich today if they had gone into the industry ex- tensively enough; as it is, their in- comes from the pecan nuts is not to be despised and many persons would be well off iJ they had them. There are many, many other instances all over the South. Timid Northern capital is finding its way into Southern fruit orchards and pecan groves, but not without prior scrutinous investigation, and it is only recently that the White Hill Plantation Company, composed of Massachusetts capitalists, has bought a large tract of land in Dougherty county: and the first thing they did was to plant out some seventy acres in pecans, and incidentally a few acres of peaches and pears. It is without doubt the intention of the company to greatly increase the acreage in pecans of the best standard varieties, as their in- vestigation shows that they are prof- itable. In further evidence of the ample experience in pecans, is in course of formation, to plant a large grove, and will make all expenses of caring for the large grove by raisipg crops of all kinds in the grove, which assuredly can be done without detriment, but on the other hand, with positive benefit to the trees. Within a one half-hour's ride of Al- bany (I allude to the DeWitt and Baconton district) there are approx- imately 1,000 acres in pecans, por- tions of which are bearing. In a year or two probably 700 acres more will planted. In this section only the best varieties of improved trees are being planted and the in- come in a few years will be propor- tionately large. It is not that the soil of the country around Albany is more suited to pecans than else- where which has caused this large planting of trees in its vicinity, but rather to the fact that convincing object lessons are in existence and many persons prefer to follow a lead in matters of this kind and located near where their contemplated pro- ject has been a success with others. There is probably no part of Geor- gia, except possibly in the moun- tains, where pecans will not do well, although soil not reasonably well drained is not best for them. The area in which pecans can be grown is of large extent. I have knowl- edge of pecan trees in New York state, also in Illinois. The middle and lower South probably offers the faith in the industry in Southwest' best fields, and I would not advise Georgia another and larger com- pany, composed of Georgia men with the extensive planting of pecan trees for fruit north of the 38th to 40th THE NUT-GROWER 69 degrees of latitude, except in favor- ed localities. On the Pacific I have no doubt the pecan will thrive in both Oregon and Washington if well selected sites are chosen for groves. Will pecan gj:owing be overdone? I do not believe that fine nuts will ever be unprofitable. I do believe that there will be an over-produc- tion of inferior nuts. While the in- itial cost of good trees is greater than seedlings, etc., the profits actu- al and prospective, are immeasura- bly greater. I do not believe that the position of the growers of small nuts is a hopeless one, for the value of small pecans for oil (of which they are very full) and for fattening hogs must always give them a good intrinsic value, but when it is re- membered that it is as easy to raise nuts which now are hard to buy at from $1 to $3 per pound as it is to produce nuts which bring from 5 cents upwards, the exercise of thought, care and particularity in the selection of trees is of prime im- portance. Pecan groves in this section are in most cases self-supporting, from the outset, by reason of the fact that money crops are raised among the trees. Cotton, peas, corn, rye, oats, etc, are commonly grown in pecan groves in these parts and one is struck by the fact that crops do as well near the trees (except under positive shade) as they do thirty feet away. This is not the ease with oaks and many other trees whose small, fibrous roots monopolize the ground for a large area. The pecan is a sparcer and deeper rooted tree and does not interfere with small crop productions. This latter is a point which our farmers should bear in mind. Our farmers should plant good pecan trees all over their farms at such distance apart (40 to 50 feet) that farming operations may be profitably conducted for years. Our peach growers should plant pecans at convenient distances between every two or three rows of peaches. The peach tree has a comparatively short life of usefulness, while no one knows how old a pecan tree can live and be profitable. Pecan trees are in existence known to be 60, 70 and 80 years old, and no doubt there are many older ones. It has been demonstrated inSouth- west Georgia that one does not have to wait a lifetime to get profitable crops of pecans, and the bugaboo of "planting for your grandchildren" is both untrue and true — true in the sense that your grandchildren will have a valuable inheritance. South- west Georgia is preparing for the fu- ture, and it will only be a short time before North, South, East and West will be paying tribute to those enter- prising persons who have taken time by the forelock and contributed so much to the material wealth of this section of country by the produc- tion of pecan nuts worthy of the name.— Albany Herald. 70 THE JNUT Wliat We 8in&w Jli>oyt Pecans. From Win. Neluis' address at New Orleans Con- vention. Pecan-growing is no get-rich- quick scheme, as far as the quick part is concerned. Eiches are there, however, and they come slowly but surely. This industry is as near get- ting something for nothing as ever happens on this earth. You can at- tend to any other business you hap- pen to be engaged in, and the pecans will still grow. It is not necessary to sit on the fence and watch them. They will grow, of course, if you do that, but they will grow without it. Fertilizers help them, but are not necessary. It takes a very small sum to start a pecan orchard, very much less than it would to start any small business, and though the re- turns are slow, they are absolutely certain. "Pecan-growing" he said, "is the very best of life insurance. Your trees keep growing and yield- ing after you are dead, and your children reap the fruits of your labor. If you ai-e insured, the insurance companies reap the fruits of your labor. This kind of an insurance company cannot fail, for it has Mother Nature back of it. Nine trees in an acre will cost $10 per tree, with no other expense except protecting the tree from ^injury while growing, and the yield of such an orchard will endure and increase ong after you are dead." GROWER Extract fmm Address of Welcwiie Spy Hgh. L K H^dsoii. "Gentlemen, you have come to the Mecca of hospitality and the native home of progress, with a pur- jx)se fraught with good to your fel- low-citizens of this country, perhaps even to humanity. We are steadily striving to solve by scientific study and experiment that which shall be of benefit to the whole race. "Think," he said further, "wha]b has been done with the Concord grape by the process of cultivation. When this country was discovered this fruit was small and bitter, but by degrees of improvement and cul- tivation it has become one of the foremost and best-liked wine grapes that exist, and yet more can be done with it. Compare, then, the benefits to be obtained by the cultivation of what is, beyond shadow of doubt, the best nut in existence. Think what the result of your labors will succeed in bringing forth; a new boon to humanity, the gift of a new and excellent food. Remember, that your work is noble; avoid char- latanism, and may success crown your efforts. We of New Orleans extend to you a true and hearty wel- come. And now, gentlemen, to I your nutcracking." The Nut Tree as a Factor in Tim- ber Preservation. The Nut-Geower, the ofiicial or- gan of the National Nut-Growers' Association, offers a suggestion in a recent number for overcoming to a THE NUT-GROWER certain extent the obstacle in the way of the movement for rehabilitating our forests. Although much has and is now being accomplished in educaiing the public to the impor- tance of timber preservation, owners of timber lands have not been inter- ested to the point of action, and for the very good reason that it means an investme!:'t which at best cannot be realized on for many years. The editor of The NuT-G ROWER believes that the planting of nut trees will, to a large extent, solve this problem, 71 Wi The Second Annual Convention of Nut-Growers met at New Orleans the last week in October. The President of the Association is G. M. Bacon of DeWitt, Ga., Secretary- Treasurer J. F. Wilson, Poulan, Ga. Mr. Wilson is editor of "The Nut- Grower," the Association's national organ. For several years the Independent j has been urging that more interest inasmuch as they will incidently pro- j be manifested in the setting of nut duce a valuable by-product in the bearing trees. We hope that our nuts grown years before their ma- ! readers will write for copies of The turity for timber. | Nut-Grower and it occurs to us There is hardly any locality that j that a society here in Vineland to en- cannot grow some variety of nut j courage nut-tree setting would be trees, in which the lumber value i up-to-date and a wise move. If the alone promises a sure return. Be- 1 young members of society would sides this, there are great tracts of ! take an interest in it rare sport land in many sections which are not well adapted to ordinary agricultural operations that are peculiarly suited for growing timber. Our mountain i none hold a dearer place in memory would be theirs as well as good pro- fits too at no distant'day. Of all the pleasures of childhood days perhaps ranges are the natural home of the chestnut. Bottom lands which over- flow too frequently for farming are often well adapted for the rapid growth of hickory and walnut, so that ths waste places seem to be in- tended for such beneficent uses as growing timber and food. The time is not so far distant as many think v/hen we will be obliged to grow our timber as regurlarly as we now produce staple farm crops, so "Dixie" believes this subject is a live, important and practical one for discussion. — Dixie. than the nutting parties. We are indebted to the New York Packer of Oct. 31st for a column re- port of the National Nut Men's meet- ing. - Vineland, N. J. Independent. The Texas crop of pecans amounts to several hundred car loads each year. Then a car load figures out and brings from $1,500 to $2,000. Compare this with a car lot of per- ishable fruit, and one can see the value, and certainty of returns be- ing on the right side of account of sales. 72 1 =u rower. Published monthly at Poulan, Ga , by THE NUT GROWER OOMFANV. SUBSCFtlPTfON, 50C PER ANNUM. THE NUT-GROWER some advise a greater distance. The planter who is wise will remember that his posterity will profit by the care and skill he puts into his work, and such men will hardly plant more than twenty trees to the acre. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 ^i pa^e 1 1.2 page 1 1 page 1 time $\M 1 inch 3 times 3.00 }4paf:e3 " " 6.50 I2 page 3 " " 10.00 I pace 3 " $150 7.50 13.75 25.00 The Jacobs Mammoth Pecans which were so much admired at the Macon Convention in 1902, did not appear in the exhibit at New Orleans, as the enterprising owner of the vai'iety was unable to attend. A subscriber in Louisiana says, "Our English "Walnut trees, about six years old, do not mature theii* nuts, some few are matured looking and taste well but most of them turn black and rancid soon. The trees are beautiful and large. Who can give the cause for this defect?" ^& Owing to unexpected delay in se- curing the stenographic report of convention, the publication of pro- ceedings will not appear as prompt- ly as contemplated. However, this has served to give more time in which to solicit additional adver- tisements for insertion in the volume. Suitable soil for pecans was a fruitful subject for discussion at the Convention, and many inquiries have come to the editor since asking for information on this point. This important consideration in selecting a site for grove cannot be deter- mined in an arbitrary way. It de- veloped in discussion that each sec- tion of country in which the pecan is now grown has its own peculiar conditions, which must be consid- ered from the standpoint of local experience and observation. We have much to learn in this respect. All should be close observers, and report their conclusions. The season trees in groves is at In this number we print from Fuller's Nut Culturist, his para- graphs regarding the Nussbaumer hybrid and the Floyd pecan. It is to be hoped that this publicity will lead to the re-discovery of the trees in question, as much importance is attached to the subject, particularly in its bearing on the problem of ex- tending pecan culture farther north, for planting pecan [ The Nut-Grower suggests that the hand, and the State and local horticultural socie- ties of the Mississippi Valley take up the search systematically, with a view to finding the men or their families, as an initial step toward finding the trees. matter of distance, or number to the acre has a particular interest. The tendency is evidently in favor of but few trees to the acre. Sixty feet apart has many advocates, while THE NUT-GROWER 73 THE NUT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. It is now about two years since the first concerted steps were taken at Albany, Georgia, for the organi- zation of what is widely known as the National Nut Growers' Associ- ation. The movement has met with such cordial support and so promptly showed important and far reaching beneficial results, that the earliest deliberaticiBs of the body are of inter- est, and we give below preamble and purposes upon which the Association was founded. First — We, the undersigned grow- ers, recognizing the importance of the nut-growing industry as a prac- tical agricultural resource. Second — Appreciating the value of nuts as a food product, as well as a staple luxury. Third — Knowing the splendid adaptation of soil and climate of the South for growing nuts of best qual- ity in ample variety. Fourth— Alive to the opportuni- ties it offers for commercial opera- atious. Fifth— Kegarding it a safe, per- manent and remunerative invest- ment. Sixth —Feeling that nut culture can and should be rapidly extended; and, Seventh — Believing that co-oper- ation among growers wifl be benefi- cial to them and the public at large. We hereby associate ourselves under the name of the Southern the Nut-Growers' Association for following and other puriDoses : First- To bring the nut-growing iudustiy into deserved prominence. Second — To extend to farmers, in- vestors and others authoritative and needed inlormation regarding same. Third To institute and prosecute scientific exijeriments and tests for the improvement and extension of the industry. Fourth — To effect proper classifi- cation of varieties and to establish standards of excellence. Fifth — To hold state meetings for transaction of business, discus- sion of topics germane to the indus- try, and for social intercourse. Sixth — The extension and creation of new markets for nut products. Seventh --The mutual benefits to members that follow concerted and well-directed operations. P\m\ PecGis Trees. [Kxtract from an AiUlress 'delivered by Dr. J. B. Hunnicuit, tditorof the Southern Cultivator, at, the Nut Growers' Couvention, Macon, Ga., October ij, 1902.] "But some may say our figures are too large, that we have no ex- perience to back them up. We know of one tree in Oglethorpe county, Ga., from which was sold 64 pecks as a single crop. These v.'ere saved besides the family eating and jay-bird stealing. They were sold in Athens, Ga., for §1 per peck, bringing $64 cash for one crop from one tree. So we do not think our estimate at all too large. " We know of a grove of one-half acre that yields the owner annually 74 THE NUT- more tliau a two-horse farm, aud he is a pretty good farmer. "Heuce we say that we should en- eourag-e nut gTowiug because it is a paying lousiness. Again, we should encourage thi» industi-y because it tends to settle down and give per- manency to many of our moTing, restless Southern farmers. The dream of every father is to lay up something that his children may en- joy after he is gone. Now, here is one thing that he can lay up. A pecan grove will be better than stocks or bonds. We need some- thing to help our farmers to feel settled. Local ties are strong, and there is a mysterious tie that binds us to a tree that will live on through generations yet unborn, and always bless the heir that inherits. "Again, we need and must have in this Sunny Southland shade trees. There is no prettier or better than the pecan. With a symmetry that far surpasses the elm or poplar, and a foliage more delicate and more beautiful than the water oak, and a power of endurance unsurpassed, surely here we find the ideal shade tree. If our towns and cities should use the pecan instead of those now set for shade, they would not only have a prettier, longer-lived and more attractive shade tree, but the fi'uit would yield an income that would be better than bonds, and would lighten taxes." — Hartwell Nurseries Catalogue. GROWER The ftoyd Pecan. Editor The Nut-Geower. Dear Sir : — I notice article in Sep- tember Nut-Gr'>wer on the Floyd Nut. You will find on page 177 of the Nut Culturist, by the late Andrew S. Fuller, some information in regard to the Floyd Nut. I think, from what Mr. Fuller says, that this nut is lost to the v/orld. I also note what Mr. Riehl says about the Nussbaumer Nut. I don't think that he has come in contact with the true Nussbaumer Nut, for Mr. Fuller, than whom we have no bet- ter authority, says that the Nuss- baumer nuts are as thin shelled as the common pecan, and the kernel is sweet aud good. He says this nut is claimed to be a hybrid be- tween the pecan and the v/estern shell-bark hickory, by Judge Samuel Miller, of Bluff ton, Mo., M. J. J. Nussbaumer, of Mascontah, 111., also by Prof. Burrill, of the University of Illinois. Mr. Nussbaumer said in one of his letters to Mr. Fuller that he had raised a large number of seedlings from the supposed hybrid, and I expect the nut that Mr. Reihl has seen were the product of some of these seedlings. Send me The Nut-Grower for one year and send me the proceed- ings of the last convention as soon as they are ready to send out. I enclose 75 cents. Yours Truly, T. M. Cobb. THE The National Nut-Gkowers' Association. Secretaky's Office. POCLAN, (jA , Nt)V. 25th, 1C03. The proceedings of the Second Annual Convention of the National Nut-Growers' Association, recently held at New Orleans, La., will soon be published in pamphlet form. A copy will be furnished each member free, and sold to the public at 25 cents per copy. This will be a publication of pe- culiar interest and of great practical value. All the able addresses will be published in full. Reports of special and standing committees and of the Vice-Presidents are important. The names of all officers and mem- bers will be given with full report of convention, and 500 copies will be issued. Advertisements will be admitted from members and others of reput- able standing at following rates, the proceeds from such advertising being needed for contingent expenses of the association: One page, $5,00; half page, $2.75; quarter page, $1.50; eighth page, $1.00. Copy should be sent the secretary by December 28th, at Poulan, Ga. J. F. Wilson, Secretary. NUT-GROWER . 75 Nuts Wanted for the World's Fair. — In connection with the fruits, it is essential that the nuts be in- cluded also. All the nuts of every kind and description, which grow in Missouri, are desh-ed in this collec- tion. Any quantity, from a quart to a bushel, can be used. Some of the special, large nuts, thin shell, tine quality, are wanted. If you have any collected, or can collect one, two or a dozen varieties, we should be very glad to have you send them to us, by express, to 712 North Main Street, St. Louis. It would be a great showing if every county could have at least a small display in the nut exhibit, for every county cannot have a show in the apple exhibit. Put your name, postoffice and county, and variety, on ever}'^ package. Send in sacks or boxes. L. A. Goodman, Superin- tendent Missouri Horticulture. The Forty-sixth Annual meeting of the Missouri State Horticultural Society convened at Columbia, Dec. Nuts m Missouri. The following special circular sent out by the Missoui-i State Horticul- tural Society is of interest in show- ing how that State is alive to the importance of the nut growing in- terest : 8-10 in the Horticultural building at that place. The progromme gives special attention to Strawberry cult- ure. Nutntive Values of fruits end Nuis. A special bulletin has recently been published by the Agricultural Department comprising the results of studies conducted by M. E. Jaffa, assistant professor of agriculture of the University of California, as to the nutritive value of fruit and nuts. In all, thirty-nine experiments were made by Professor Jaffa, and the result of his investigations de- monstrate the fact that these articles of food have a much higher nutritive value than has usually been assigned Many people are learning i draw back will keep the pecan the most profitable of all fruits. - B. W. Stone & Co.'s Fruit Guide and Cat- alogue. 7o to them. that it is an error to regard nuts mere ly as an after dinner accessory, or to use fruit solely for its agreeable fla- vor, or medicinal properties. Protien carbo-hydrates and fat are supplied by fruit and nuts in favorable comparison with other foods, and ten cents' worth of dried fruit is shown to contain more nutri- tion than an equal value invested in lean meat. The same sum will pur- chase six times the energy to be derived from porterhouse steak if Jtivested in peanuts. It was found that a steady diet of fruit and nuts tended to become un- palatable when unaccompanied by other foods, on which account the beneficial effects were neutralized. — California Fruit Grower. THE NUT-GROWER BOOri NOTICES. A budded or grafted pecan grove is better than a life insurance policy, government bond, or a bank account. If a man leaves life insurance it is too often loaned out and lost. It is better than bonds, because it yields more annually from trees that will live a century. It is better than a bank account, because the principal (the grove) will not be spent or mortgaged. What is universally supposed to be the greatest draw- back to the business will keep it for- ever a safe investment, and that is: "they take so long to bear." While in reality their time of bearing does not vary materially from that of ap- ples and pears. This supposed (?) " The Mexican Cotton Boll Wee- vil " is the subject of a descriptive circular by Dr. W. C. Stubb, of the Louisiana Agricultaral Experi- ment Station, issued by the State Board of Agriculture and Immigi'a- tion. W. B. Stone & Co., of Thomas- ville, Ga., have a special Fruit Guide and Catalogue, which is devoted largely to Pecan and Pear culture. This firm advocates budded and grafted trees, and lists about one dozen varieties, embracing most of the recognized, superior kinds. Steckler's Seed Catalogue and Garden Manual, for the Southern States, is a handsome and valuable publication of 200 pages, full of useful information. It will be sent free on application to the J. Steck- ler Seed Co., New Orleans, La. The Hartwell Nurseries, Hartwell, Ga., S. W. Peek, Proprietor, grow pecans and nothing but pecans, of the best varieties. Their catalogue for 1903-4 is replete with informa-' and encouragement for nut growers. The Summit Nurseries, of Monti- cello, Fla., D. L, PiersoH, Proprie- tor, issue a neat catalogue of 20 pages of Fruits and Flowers for 1904, This firm also has a special price list of papershell pecans and other nut trees, Nvith instruction how to plant and care for them. THK KUT-GROWJER The Georsfia State Board of Eu- FOR SALE. tomology has issued Bulletm No. 8, i ^n orcJiartJ of 30 acrts Paper Shdl Ptc^n?, on •' Treatment of Orchards Infest "e«<'"'-.'J2 >-:ir? oi,-?, b?en tier^rfng 3 years o 1 „ 1 T) * 1171 1 "Ji 2 farnj cf 70 acres, well iiiip.oved, 2 1=2 With ban Jose bcale, by Frot. Wil- I mjies from iwo raisroa.is, injcJwfty b-cnvecH mon Newell. '^"•"^ Worth aadl Dallas. JOS. A. L»'JCJv<' cut with a tap root any lena:th Jt- sired, from ten inches to six feet, with an abundance of lateral roots. 1 grafted i-year-old sef'diings last March whicii are now seven feet high. Can give all toe reference necessary. Waiter Ti^o3s^3Sj PALATKA - - norBda. A GRC^V.S OF I TELL^ ASOTTT TUSIS. X Twenty leading varieties of Pecans. ^ ^ Also a complete line of Fruit and Or- ;^ ^ naTi'.sntal treas and slirubboi-y. j^; CHt:i,lo;;ue Fre« darass o ^T-^^-o-^f : t.^<;->v-'>X/c- <•/'i><^c■ *'','>•■>■!'. ..' WhGii writ in ^i; to ad ve^" tis e J's 78 THE NUT-GROWER ,^^<:32hg' We are the pioneer pecan budders oi the State of Loaisiana, and perhaps of the world. We have the three best varieties— Frotscher's Egg Shell, Rome, and Centennial and -will have for the Sprinfj; of 1904 sto k of trees ot the largest Pecan in the world, Steckler's Mammoth. Place j'our orders early. We furnish buds, etc. Seeds a specialtj-. Catalogue free on ap- plication. J. Steckler Seed Co., Ltd., (Richard Frotscher's Successors.) 518 to 526 Gravier St., NEW ORLEANS = LA. The Pecan Meat Is What We Eat ; the Shell and Partitions Don't Count. RAL SCHLEY Pecan is the finest nut grown. More ounces of better flavored meat to the pound than any other. We grow the Schley and several other choice varieties of Grafted and Budded Pecans. Also Chestnuts and Walnuts. Send for catalogue. SuMMJT Nurseries, Moniisseilo . Fla. Ocean Springs Pecan Nursery... SEASON 1903='04 Will be pleased to book orders now for Grafted Pecans. No i^eedlings .... Chas. E. Pabst, Prop'r., OCEAN SPRINGS, HISS. Send for Price List. 100,000 PAPER SHELL PECAN SEEDLINGS, From choice nuts, at wholesale prices direct to the planter. 5,000 BUDDED AND GRAFTED PECANS Of the choice varieties. English Walnuts, Japan Walnuts. Gen- eral line of nursery stock. Write for descriptive catalogue. Best of ref- erences furnished as to reliability. Southern Nursery Company, Winchester, Tenn. The Nut-Grot\^eir Devoted to the Interests off the National Nut-Growers' Association Volume II. JANUARY, 1904. Number 6. The Sheiibork Hickory. By J. F. Wilson. This niit IS doubtless more widely known than any of the native edible nuts found in this country. None are so well adapted to the varying conditions of soil and climate, or found in so wide an extent of terri- tory. None stand higher in favor with the great mass of our rural popula- tion, who regard it as a luxury, while failing, to a great extent, to appreciate it as a valuable native food product. In many localities it is a commer- cial product of much importance, and always commands a satisfactory cash price at any country store, and the market is never overstocked. In trade circles immense quantities could be advantageously handled if the nuts could be obtained, but the supply as well as the sources of sup- ply is constantly diminishing. The numerous uses, and active demand for hickory wood in manufacturing lines, and the high prices the lumber commands, is sure to constantly and rapidly curtail the production of nuts, while no organized or active work is yet being done to counteract the loss. The time seems opportune for call- ing public attention to this impor- tant native product, of both food and lumber, and press its merits upon the attention of our agricul- I tural classes, as affording an easy, pleasant and profitable adjunct to their routine operations. This tree has a wide range for cultivation, as if is found from Maine to Florida in the eastern states, and westward as far as Min- nesota, and southward as far as eastern Texas. The western shell- bark, a different vai-iet}', is found west of the Alleghanies, and all along the Ohio and Mississippi val- leys. With this wide range of suitable territory, the constant and increas- ing demand for hickory wood, the certain value of nuts as food, the large and increasing demand for them as a luxury, all combine to make a proposition well worth the careful consideration of all land owners over this large extent of suit- able country. The economic and commercial con- siderations involved are of particular 82 THE nut-growf:r importance, and will sooner or later be publicly recoguized. It remains, however, for the pro- fessional nut grower, the reputable iiuiserynien of the country, and es- pecially' those of the south who have brought the pecan into a fair meas- ure of public appreciation, to learl the Vt'ay, to point out the essentials to success, to show by example, as well as theory and precept, what course to f(5ilow, and by experiments in grafting and budding,de:uoustrate the practicability and profits of the indastry. It seems strange that, in these times of enteiiDrise and progress, bo important a busijiess as the growing of shellbark hickory, as a commer- cial venture, should fail to receive a more extensive recognition of its merits. However, this may be largely from lack of information, or from mistaken ideas as to the prac- ticability uf such work, reviev\^ed from a commercial standpoint. The purpose of this article is to point out some of the important es- ties of ijecans are propagated by sentials to success, and show how | grafting, the budding is becoming This brings us face to iace with the main problem, that of grafting and budding the hickory. The Impression prevails that it cannot be done. Many have tried it and signally failed. AVriters have said it was impossible, and these statements repeated so often, have built up a strong pul:)ric sentiment that the propagation of select varie- ties of the hickory is impracticable. The fact, however, is indisputably established that the operation of successfnlly grafting the shellbark hickory can and has been repeated- ly accomplished, while the budding and grafting of the pecan in the South is an established and profit- able industrj', practiced by a num- ber of reputable nurseryman in all the Gulf States. There is every reason to belieye that the same persistent energy and skill, when suri'ounded with the cli- matic conditions most favorable for their operation, will reward similar efforts to graft and bud the hickory. While the bulk of standard varie- they can be put into operation. First in importance is the necessi- ty for a standard or uniform product. more and more successful every year, as skillfully devised mechani- cal appliances are now being used in of varieties, just as is necessary in i the operation of annular budding, the commercial growing of apples, | These successes should lead to the peaches or any standard fruit. No 1 ti'ial of same methods on hickory one thinks of using seedling trees, j stock, in various localities where sea- for it is well known that varietal I sonabie climatic conditions for bud- qualities and characteristics can ding are known to exist, and from only be obtained by budding and such results and experience a sub- grafting. 1 stantial basis for commercial opera- THE :S^UT-GKOWER 83 tioiis can be obtamod or further data developed. During this time a careful search should be made all over the country for the choicest and most productive native varieties, as they only are worthy of extensive propagation for commercial puiposea. When trees of the finest varieties are located and stock propagated from them, it will be discerned that remunerative crops are obtainable in a very few years by giving the trees the care and cultivation that all our domestic fruits demand. Then instead of waiting twenty-five or more years for crops of uncertain value, early crops of a known qualit}' can be confidently looked for in a period no greater than is required in the awaits the proper planting and cul- tivation of the pecan tree. In this movement the Nut Growers' Associ- tion has proved a prime factor in its work. The practical men who form the membership of this organization, present the results of careful experi- ments, SLiid not theories, to prove the value of nut-bearing trees. In the year 1904, a great opportu- nity is offered to give wider adverT tiseraent of their work, by making a comprehensive exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition. A united effort of the members. of the National Nut Growers' Association, can secure an exhibit at the Exposition, that will be far reaching in the promotion of the nut growing industry. The Nut-Growek', as the official obtaining of profits from an apple ' organ of the nut growers, has done orchard, with the added value of long life, ease of marketing and certainty of remunerative prices for many years to come. Finally, if the business could pos- great work in the promotion of a proper appreciation of the profit in- volved in the planting of approved varieties of the pecan nut. Permit me to suggest that it impress on the sibly be overdone und the market j nut growers the value inhering in an for nuts should vanish, it would still exhibit at St. Louis, be a remunerative investment in the The whole world will be represent- timber value of the trees when no [ ed at St. Louis from May 1st to longer useful as food producers. | November 1st, of thit; year. If the ^ I possibilities of nut growing for profit ' in this section, where the pecan thrives best, are properly presented, incalculable beiiefit will be the out- come. I aiu practically convinced that an 01 ehard or grove of grafted or budded pecan trees, of approved va- offers one of the surest of revenue. To convince The Value of a Nut txMhW a! s. Since National By Goo. Ketchum. the organization cf the Nut Grovrers' Associalion, the cultivation of nut-bearing trees, notably the pecan tree, has been given an impetus that marks a thor- sources ough appreciation of the profit that the great mass of people that this rieties, 84 THF, XUT- trae, requires a practical demonstra- tion. In no wav can this be done so effectively as at St. Louis. If a committee, composed of one or more active members from Georgia, Flor- ida, Alabama, Miwsissippi, Louisiana and Texas, was named to arrang-e an exhibit, or to co-operate with any committee of the National Nut Growers' Association, to whom such a subject would be properly referred, the work would be done in a way to secure valuable results. Thousands of pecan trees are be- ing planted in this and other states. Thousands more will be planted. It is of the utmost importance that the work in this line be governed by the practical experience of men versed in niit growing, so that men shall not be the victims of profitless ventures of time and money, through the planting of poor stock, or of varieties that have not been proved of value as prolific bearers of good nuts. An exhibit at St. Louis of approved va- rieties of nuts, with information to illustrate to the person contempla- ting the planting of nut-bearing trees, or those who might be induced to plant, how to do so with safety, will aid very much in stimulating the planting of nut bearing trees. Kiit (irGwing !n the South. A comparatively new and rapidly growing industry in the Southern states is the growing of native edible nuts. The business has alreadv at- tained such proportions as to call forth an organization of those en- gaged in it. It is called the National GROWER Nut Growers' Association, and held its second annual meeting at New Orleans on the 28th of October, 1903. It has a membership of about one hundred, including several ladies. The Nut-Growkr, a monthly jour- nal, published at Poulan, Ga., is the official organ of the association. The business of growing nuts is one that requires several years' wait- ing for results, but not so many as the growing of trees for lumber. Nearly all nut-bearing trees are val- uable for lumber, and the two busi- nesses naturally combine. After a hundred yearly crops of nuts have been grovvn the trees are more val- uable than ever for lumber purposes. If one undertakes to grow trees for lumber it would be the part of wis- dom to plant those that bear some- thing that can be sold to help pay the cost of planting and the taxes on the land. Nut-bearing trees can also be utilized while growing for fence posts for wire fences, and most of them are more satisfactory as shade trees than any of the so-called ornamental trees that are m common use for that pui-pose. The trees mostly grown in the Gulf states for the sake of their nuts are pecans, shellbark hickories, wal- nuts, filberts and almonds. The al- mond is not exactly a nut-growing tree, but is closely allied to the peach. The difference is that the edible part of the peach is the hull ; that of the almond, the seed. The seed, or nut, of the sweet almond, the only species grown in this coun- try, contains a good deal of food THE NUT-GROWER 85 nutriment. The seed of the peach contaii 3 an active poison siniilar to that of its second cousin, the bitter almond, only not nearly so much of it. It is claimed that the sweet al- mond can be grown anywliere where the peach tree is hardy, and it is also claimed that the sweet almond can be successfully grafted or bud- ded on to peach stock. Anyway the almond, filbert, hickory nut and pe- can nut and walnut ai-e being grown in many localities in the Gulf states, and the growers appear to be satis- fied with their profits. The pecan, however, is said to be the most profitable. The natui'al range of this tree is from Central Indiana and Iowa to the Gulf Coast, and as far west as has sufficient rainfall to grow any other timber tree to per- fection, and doubtless could be grown nearly everywhere in the United States except on the moun- tains. Before we can become successful growers of nuts some of us will have to learn a great deal more than we know now. Most of us know, in a general way, that a tree grown from the seed of an apple, pear, peach or plum never produces fruit exactly like that from which the seed was taken. About one time in a hun- dred it may produce a superior qual- ity; in nine cases it will prove bar- ren, and in the other ninety cases the fruit will range from inferior to very poor. Few of us know that the same rule holds good to a large ex- tent with pecans, hickory and wal- nuts, chestnuts and many others. To secure a given variety or quality of any nut, grafting or buddirg must be resorted to, as is the case with our fruit trees. Much of the profits of the Southern nut growers a}e from the sales of grafted or budded trees. All the nut-bearing trees have a tap root and require some more labor to remove from the nursery and to transplant than ordi- nary fruit trees. The flowers, or blossoms, that appear on our fruit trees in the spring produce their fruit the same 3'ear. The nut-bear- ing trees follow the same law, but the opinion widely prevails that the flowers, or blooms, of the oak, chestnut, hickory nuts, pecans, etc., appear the year before the acorns and nuts are matured. The buds, however, that produce the leaves and blooms that appear in the spring are formed on the previous year's growth. From the latest obtainable reports the present year will be a profitable one to the Southern nut growers. The pecan people have orders for about all their available nursery stock, and prices seem high as com- pared with stocks from the fruit nur- series. The price on an average for grafted pecans is about one dollar each. The price of seedling stocks is from ten to twenty cents each. The demand for nuts of all kinds is pi'actically unlimited. There were imported from all sources in 1901 nuts of ail kinds to the value of more than seven milhc-n dollars. The principal imports were from South- ern Europe, Spain furnishing a large proportion; and from South America, 86 THE :nut-grower the great Amazon valley furnishing the greater portion of the South American imports. It seems rather odd that a wood- ed country like ours should import nuts that could be easily groAvn at home. All children are fond of nuts, and fonder still of the fun of going nutting; and old people would enjoy it, too, if they did not have to go so far. Their only chance to enjoy a nutting party is to go to a distant wood, generally in a river bottom, or to — a store. A writer on the nut- growing business, whose name is lost to fame, says : "Gather nuts and plant them — plant them by the wayside and in all open places. So shall you help to make every road a path of delight and the waste places to blossom and bring forth fruit un- til the land will be like unto a para- dise—the garden of the blessed. If every one would do this for a few vears, want in the country districts would be almost unknov/n, fur abun- Pecan List. Samples of the following pecans were selected for the permanent ex- hibit of the association, at the Sec- ond Annual Convention : NAMES. EXHIBITORS. Centennial ( Nelson, ( LeMonnier. Columbian i Piersou, ( Pabst. KgK Shell Peirson. Frotcher . ( LeMonnier, I Galbraith. Halbert Halbert. Louisiana Paper Shell Piereon. Pabst Pabst. No 11 Pabst. Robson Pabst. Rome (J Steckler Seed Co. \ Nelson. Russell Pabst. Russell No. 5 t'abst. Schley ( Pierson, ( Pabst. StecUler's Mammoth J. Stockier Seed Co. Stuart Pabst. Stuart Seedlinp: Purnell. Van Dcmau | Pabst, Pierson. The Chinquapin. A reader in Mississippi wants to kuov.' something about chinquapins and why they are not grown exten- dance would spring from the earth." | sively. Yv^hy they are not more ex- — Southern Lumberman. tensively grown, is a question difficult to answer. The trees are broad and spreading, with ovate-oblong foHage, and when the nuts fill the burrs and turn black in the fall, they are unique in appearance. Seen for the first time, a chinquapin tree, in the fall of year, strikes a person forcibly. The nuts are beautifully fixed in solitary burrs, from five to seven burrs on the same stem. They part, when ripe, exposing the bright black nut, and in a few days they begin to fall. It is exhilarating to pick up chinquapins from under the trees. Walnuts in Washington. Capt. C. N. Hogan, horticultural inspector for Cowlitz and Lewis counties. Wash., is authority for the statement that farmers and fruit growers in the southern part of the state are planting out hundreds of English walnut trees, and predicts that walnut growing will constitute one of the chief industries of the state within ten or twelve j^ears. The varieties found best adapted to Yv'ashington are the Mayet and the Franquette. THE i^^UT GROWER They seem easy enough to find, in the grass, ai^id boys and girls will think thej' have found them all, and cleared the gi'ound, but just turn the turkej'B under the trees, and it will be a sui-prise to see them darting hither and yon, picking up chinquapins with their bills. Turkeys first give the nut a hard peck or two with their bills and gobble thern up. They are veiy fond of chinquapins. On the old plantation, father used to have sheets spread under two large trees that shaded the "house paBture," and a negro boy would climb up, go out on the large limbs and jar the nuts down for the "white children" to pick up. Bushels are borne by one tree. The chinquapin is a very healthy, long-lived tree, and the nuts are sweet and delicate in flavor. The plantation negroes used to boil the chinquapin and with a coarse needle and strong black thread, string them into necklaces. From one to tliree or five hundred v^oukl be strung around the necks of the pickaninies, at the start, but the boiled nuts are delicious, and by degrees the necklace would be nib- bled dov/n to very few. Chinquapins are singularly over- looked, as a source of profit. They are popular in countiy places, but no one seems to have taken hold of the industry, in sending them to cities. The nuts in the burrs, v»'hen partly open would sell as curiosities, and the ripe nuts are better tasted and more comely in appearance than filberts, which, in size, come nearer 87 chinquapins than any other nut. They ripen in October and Novem- ber, and then is the time to market the nuts. They get hard if kept even till Christmas. Chinquapin ti'ees flourish on the same soil as chestnuts, hickory-nuts and walnuts, and are the comliest of them all. — Southern Fruit Grower, The Cashew Nut. David G. Fairchild, agi*icultural explorer for the United States De- partment of Agriculture, is enthusi- astic over the merits of the Cashew nut, which grows in Porto Rico, on trees attaining a height of 40 feet and upwards. He declares that burnt almonds are flat in compai'ison to the delicious flavor of the roasted Cashew nut, and believes that a big market could be created among candy makers for the product. He recommends that groves of the trees be planted here, as the nut is bound to grow in popularity. In ad- dition to its edible qualities, the statement is made that oil, ink, gum, tar, mucilage, cosmetics and dyes are manufactured from it. Tho^e interested in introducing new seeds and plants into California ma}' find that the tree possesses qualities ren- dering it desirable for propagation in this state. A project is under consideration by which the experiment stations of California and Florida may exchange plants, trees and vines, grown by ei- ther state, which promise to becouie of value to both. 88 The Nut=Qrower. Published monthly at, Poulan, Ga , by '1 HE NUT GROWER COMPANV. T.HK KUT-GROWER show also liow anj^one can aid in the work. Such letters are of direct and iudirect beuefit, and we hope to receive many of them. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 time $1.00 1 mch 3 times $j V) J^papel " 3.00 i4paj;e3 " l.'v ^2 page 1 " 5X0 i^ page 3 " 13.7'i 1 page 1 " lO.f 0 1 paee 3 " ?ri.on The Semi-Weekly, Fla., Times- Union of Dec. 25th reprints in their Farmer and Fiiiit Grower Depart- mant our article on "Nut Trees for Fence Posts," which appeared in the October nnmber. iM«i. " Many hands make light work." During 1904 we should have a large growth in our subscription list, and one mode of accomplishing it is to ask all our friends, who appreciate The Nut- Grower, to send in all the subscriptions they can. Speait a good word for us, and thus help build up an important industry. The Alabama State Horticultural Society will be held at Mobile on the 26th and 27th of January. An interesting and varied program has been arranged. "While making up the forms for this number, two letters were re- ceived one day, by the same mail, which are samples of many. We publish these, as they show the great interest in the industry and the cordial support we have in dif- ferent sections of the country. They As the years go by and the popu- lation of this country increases by leaps and bounds, the time will come when the source of food supply will demand and receive more attention than it does at present. Then, if not long before, the surpassing value of edible nuts will be recognized. The wonderful resources for supply- ing any demand will be appreciated and the nut growing industry will become of paramount importance. In many ways we follow fashion and custom, in violation of the plain teachings of Nature, Progress, with all its inspiration and achieve- ments, is sometimes wantonly des- tructive. A case in point is Ihe ruthless waste, for generations past, of the priceless native forests of hard woods, with their untold value as actual food producers in edible nuts. Nature had made, in this fa- vored land, ample provision for the maintenance of a large population, and the aboriginal tribes utilized and appreciated it. The time is coming — is now at hand — for the rehabili- tation of forests and the growth of nuts as food. It is a matter of great importance, and will be increasingly so as the year go by, as the effects of forests on climate, the future's lumber supply and necessities for food all demand it. THE NUT-GROWER 89 In this issue we ^ive space to an 1 opportianities that the occasion af- important article on the shell bark hickory. We wish to impress the fact upon the public generally that the South has no monopoly of the nut growing business. "While we are making rapid strides with the pecan, with the same careful selection of choice varieties of the shellbark hickory, and their propa- gation by the same methods now in successful operation with the pecan, it is possible to produce in a large area of the United States shellbarks of quality, thin shells, etc., that will be formidable competitors of the royal pecan. A start was made at the New Or- leans convention in the line of a collection of samples of typical and valuable varieties of nuts. The Com- mittee on Nomenclature arid Stand- ards selected from the exhibits a few specimens each of seventeen varieties and placed them in the hands of the Secretary, for use of the Association. The list, which is published on another page of this number, is of much interest and value but is not to be regarded as complete. It is only the initial step, and other standard and popular nuts, like the Georgia Giant, Money Maker, etc., will be added to the list. "Arbor Day" has become a fixed institution in many states. It is an excellent movement, but as now car- ried on is too often devoid of one of the most important and beneficial fords, viz. : that of the careful and thoughtful selection of trees. "Any old thing" that can be planted, fre- quently is used, when a nut ti'ee would be the most fitting tree that could be selected. Children should be familiarized with the importance and value of nut trees, and encour- aged to plant them on school grounds and about then- homes. Arbor Diiy is a most timely oppor- tunity for impressing such a lesson. Among the exchanges which come to the Nut-Grower office is the Vineland (N. J.) Independent. The editor of that paper is alive to the importance of nut culture, and has at different times kindly referred to the National Nut-Growers' Associa- tion, and quoted freely from the TuK NuT-GnowEK, In connec- tion with his report of the recent convention at New Orleans, he threw out a suggestion, for his readers, which is well worthy of wide con- sideration. His plan for fostering and encouraging the industry is to organize local nut culture societies among the young people, for the purpose of planting nut trees, for pleasure and profit. "We like the idea so well that it has been put on the slate for consideration by the officers of the national association, ^:& Mr. H. P. Atwater, of Texas, is an enthusiastic advocate of the pe- can. He was in evidence at the New Orleans convention during the early sessions, but much to his re- 90 THE :nut-grower gret, as well as of those who heard him, was obliged to leave the city before the convention was over. He doubtless carried off the palm for — what inight be called "extravagant statements" in assuring the conven- tion that he had in his office a single cluster bearing seventy-five pecans. Of course there were persons present who called m question the accuracy of his statement, but he was able to "'stand pat," and promised that proof could be furnished In sup- port of his statement we have on our desk a 5x8 inch photo of the cluster, which of course shows but one side of the bunch, but on this exposed side we are able to count thirty-nine nuts, which would leave but thirty-six to be accounted for on the other side. This matter is of much interest, and the gentleman has been requested to furnish a cut of the bunch for use m a subse- quent number. that I have begun to make prepara- tion in getting land ready to set out five or six hundred more trees this coming fall, all grafted or budded. I intended writing you a long communication, but since reading a few of your Nut Grower magazines, I realize that I know very little to tell, so I will close, trusting to meet you and many other members of the National Nut-Growers' Association, at the Convention at St. Louis. Respectfully, Vic Trolio. Canton, Miss., Jan. 14th, 1904, Is Greatlv Encouraged. Mr. J. F. Wilson, Secretary and Treasurer National Nut-Growers' Association, Poulan, Ga., Dear Sir -Your favor of the 5th Wants to Learn. Mr. J. F. Wilson, Secretary and Treasurer National Nut-Growers' Association, Poulan, Ga. Dear Sir — I do not remember the date of my membership in the asso- ciation nor my subscription to the The Nut-Grower. Will you in- form me, as I do not want to lapse nor be dropped; I want to stay with both. T want the report of the New Or- leans meeting also. I received the December number; read every word; want to learn. There is not much enthusiasm here yet, a few trees inst. to hand, containing receipt for membership fee in the National Nut- j planted and a few are interested. If you will send me a few copies of the December number I will give them out where I think they will do good. I am talking, but find people Growers' Association, and for vol- umes I and II of The Nut-Grow- er. I have a grove of 625 pecan trees of different age, all grafted and budded, oldest five summers, which bore a few niits this year. The few nuts pleased and encouraged me so. slow to start. Yours very truly, B, Crawford. New Decatur, Ala., Jan. 14, 1904. THE NUT GROWER 9J NEW REGULATIONS €f llie Georgio Stale Board of En- tomoSogv, Relative to Nur- sery Stock, The Crop Pest Law of Georgia gives the State Board of Entomolo- gy the power to enact rules and regulations relative to the inspec- tion, fumigation, transportation and importation of nursery stock. Sucli regulations, by virtue of the original act of the legislature, have the force of law. At its annual meeting, held at Macon, Ga., Jan. 6th, 1904, the Board adopted the regulations given below : ReguSations for Georgia Nurservmen. 1. No trees, shrubs or other plants commonly known as nursery stock shall be sold, delivered or given away within the State of Geor- gia without being plainly labelled with the certiticate of the State En- tomologist. 2. Persons or State of Georgia firms within the ^.i-u growing for sale trees, cuttings, shrubs, vines or other plants commonly known as nurserj- stock shall make application to the State Entomologist, Atlanta, Ga., for inspection and certiticate on or be- fore July 1st of each year. Any person, corporation or firm failing to make application to have his or their stock inspected as afore- said after receipt of written notice of this rule, shall not be permitted to offer for sale in this state any of said stock not inspected ; provided, that such person, corporation or firm may make written application to the State Board of Entomology to be relieved of his or their default and consequences, and offering to pay any additional expense incurred by the! state and its officers by reason of such failure, the Board may on a proper showing order an inspec- tion of said nursery. 3. In case some part of a nursery shall be found infested with San Jose scale no certificate shall be granted ; provided, however, that isolated blocks of nursery stock not infested may be considered as sep- arate nurseries and a certificate may be granted covering such stock after all stock in the infested blocks has been destroyed. grow If parties in Georgia v,^ho trees for sale would advise the En- tomologist early in the season that they desire inspection, the work of the department would be greatly facilitated. In the past many par- ties have not applied for inspection until late in the season, often mak- ing it necessary for an iaspector to go over the same tenntory several times. To avoid this useless loss of time and the additional expense, the B>ard has adopted the rule given above, requiring all nurserymen to a])ply for inspection prior to July 1. Heretofore it has been necessary under the regulations for the De- partment to refuse certificates when- ever a nursery, or any part of it, has been found infested with San Jose scale. Under the new regulations, .a nurseryman may secure a certifi- cate covering stock which is not in- fnsted and which is not in immediate danger of becoming infested, even though one or more blocks of his nursery may have scale in them. It 92 THK I^sUT nmst not be ursderBtood from this, howeTer, that infested stock will be allowed upon the market, or that a certificaie will be granted covering stock which is in dangerous proxim- ity to San Jose scale. Regulations Applying to Nurserymen Outside of Georgia, Who Ship Stock Into This State. Any person or persons residing in states or countries outside the state of Georgia, dealiijg in or handling trees, shrnhs <)r other plants in this state, or shipping trees, shrubs or other plants therein, shall file with the State Entomologist, Atlanta, Ga., a certified copy (or signed duplicate of original) of the certificate issued by the entomologist, fruit inspector, or other duly authorized official of the state or country' in which said stock was grown. Such certificate for nurseries south of the northern boundary line of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas must be based upon an inspection made not earlier than July 1st; and for nurse- ries north of said line, upon an in- spection made not earlier than June Ist. Said person or persons shall also file with the State Entomologist an affidavit, executed before an or- dinary', notary public or justice of the peace, stating that said person or persons will fumigate with hydro- cyanic acid gas all stock shipped into the state of Georgia. Such fumigation shall be in a manner ap- proved by the State Entomologist. Upon receipt and approval of the certificate aud afiidavit above men- tioned, the certificate of the Georgia State Board of Entomology will be issued to the applicant without charge, and official tags bearing fac simile copy of such certificate and the seal of the State Board, will be furnished such applicant at cost of GROWER prhiting, viz : Sixty cents for the first one hundred or part thereof, and twenty-five cents for each addi- tional hundred. The officials of Georgia impose na fees upon nurserymen who desire to ship stock into the state, and wish to encourage all reliable nurserymen who handle nothing but stricLly first class stock free from injurious insects and diseases. To all such the State Board of Entomology offers every facility for doing business in Geor- gia. However, nurserymen who fail to comply with the state laws aud with the regulations of the Board or who ship infested stock into the state, will be rigorously- dealt with. "VVilmon Newell, State Entomologist. If you are the owner of good land, seize the opportunity and plant pecans. Talk pecans and let the southern people raise them. The United States imports a greater and greater per cent, annually. The im- portations for nuts in 1905 was $21,- 480,000.00, which Avas 10 per cent greater than in 1901. People who never travel beyond the bound of their own county will howl that "the business will soon be overdone." But investigate the above figures and see if you agree with the howl- ers. It is a very small per cent, of the many million inhabitants of the United States who ever saw a pecan. Besides, the population of the United States will grow faster than the Southern states will grow the nuts. — Exchange. Tllli: KUT-GROWER ^3 Palace of Horticulture At the St. Louis Exposition con- sists of a main central room four hundred feet square, with wings ex- tending on opposite sides, each wing being two hundred and four by two hundred and thirty feet, the whole building thus covering almost ex- actly six acres of ground. Every foot of the great area will be lirst class exhil^it space and no exhibitor will be located on any but main floor space. A further actual gain in the amount of available space is made through the policy followed in the classifica- tion by which all wines and bran- dies, preserved and canned fruit are classified in agriculture with the other liquors and food products. The actual net space for exhibits will thus be much more than was ever provided for horticultural ex- hibits at any exposition. In the center of the building will be placed a splendid collection of palms and decorative plants. Sur- rounding this an area of two hun- dred feet square will be reserved for exhibits placed upon low tables. No installation in this space will be per- mitted more than thirty inches in height. The building will be lighted by windows in the walls and from above. The windows in the roof will not be skylights but of the mon- itor form, so that no direct rays of sunshine from them will touch ex- hibits. The 1903 English walnut crop of California is believed to be about 6,000,000 pounds short of the heavy crop of last year, conservative esti- mates placing the 1903 figures at 11,000,000 pounds against 17,140,- 000 pounds in 1902. When writing to advertisers please mention The ^ut^ Grower. Texas Seed Pecan Co. FORT WORTH, TEXAS Dealers in Choicest Seed Pecans for Flanting. Established twelve years. Also Seedling and Grafted Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, both nuts and trees. Send for "Facts in a Nut Shell." PINEY PARK NURSERY, Poulan, Ga. While supply lasts I can fuinish choice Seed Pecans as follows : Grade No. 1.— 40 cents per pound la lots of not less than 25 lbs. Grade No. 2.— 20 ce;,t8 " " " " 50 lbs. Grade No. 3.— 12^ cents " " " •' ICO lbs. Grade No. 4.— 10 cents " " " " 100 lbs. Grade No. 5.— 9 cents " » " " 100 lbs. Numbers 3, 4 and 5 are specially suitable for nursery stock on which to bud and graft. Sample for five cents in postage. Prices on small lots on application. J. F. WILSON, Manager. 9^ THE >:ut-growe:r Bechtsfs Pecaa Nurseries WhoSesaie and Retail Theo. Hechte!, ^csaii Spriogs, Miss. Nut and Other Troes. In Immense Quantities for Fall De- livery. h ©Oca .^NI) NOTHIXO kmjss «S3» BUT PECANS. Best Varieties- Proprietor, liARTWEll NUR5ER8ES-=^- '^^ '^^^^■^'' HARTWELL. QA. Sc'.id for Crjtitlog-'.ic. established 1882. Gamesmlle 's'^isj'serses 0? QainesvKle, Fb., Make a specialty 'if Rudrlod aud (drafted Pecan ■Jrees of standaf I varieties, -^eiid tor tree Price T^isi and "Hiius >>n l'e«;an Culture." H. S. QR'^VES, Prep. • Gainesville, FIh. PECA^3S— Grafted, budded ar.d Ssadiing, WALI«"JT5— Japan ss\a Erolish. Chestnuts, Peaches, Apples, Piums, Pears, Cherries, Crapes, Small IFruiils, Roses, Shade Trees and Sfirubs. All true to uaiue, free from disease and first class iu everj respect. Send for catalog. P. J. Berckmans Co. (Irc) FRUITLAND NURSERIES, KsCablished 1856. AUGUSTA, GA. 400 acres. 60,000 i'eet of ulass. STUART=ROBSON PECAN COMPANY. • •rowers and dealers in lar^e Soft and T'.'^to.r Shell Pcoai s. Growers of tin' celebrated varieties, (Xilunihiai', Stuart, Vaji Deiiian and Capital Hndded, Grafted or ?eetl!ing trees for sale Address either Ocaai'i Sprinss, lUiss. Kir All 1 -year, 4 to •^ incites. Tlip above 86 trees for i;4.ii(u by mail or express (prepaid), send for catalogue. OAK LAWN NllRSESY riUNTSViLLE ALA. Nut Nu r^erses. We have to offer this .«;eason a. good stock oi Budded and G raited Pecans of the very ilnest varieties. Also a liinitei'i stock of Grafted Chestnuts, Chinquapins:, etc. Send for illustrated price list. J. F. JOiNES, Man'g., Mcn<5ice!lo, F!.a. HOW TO GROW PAPER HflLL PECANS Free Best information on how to grow a pecan grove for profit. 12 finest varieties known for sale. Cions cut t:'ersonallv bv member of firm, hence varieties guar- anteed. Also full descrip- tive catalogue of other fruits. B. W. STONE &. CO., Thomasville, Oa. The Nut-Gro\\^er Devofetl to the Interests of the National Nut-Growers' Association Volume II. FEBRUARY, 1904. Number 7. Report of Committee on Nomencla- ture and Standards. Nomenclature. All permanently useful discussion of objects or subjects necessitates that the things discussed shall have names. Names are the labels by which for convenience we distinguish things from each other, whether they are rocks or plants or men. Names therefore, play a most important part in all branches of classified knowledge, and much of the value of economic, as well as purely scien- tific discussion, depends upon the distinctiveness of the names them- selves and the accuracy with which they are applied. A clear and accurate nomenclature is therefore a necessity in any line of research which has to do with liv- ing organisms such as plants. This was long ago recognized by workers in the so-called "pure" science, and has resulted in the adoption of more or less stable rules and precedents for guidance of investigators in the several branches of science. The necessity for similar action by agriculturists and horticulturists, if they are to avoid continual misun- derstanding of each other and mis- interpretation of the phenomena of growth as obsei-ved in the behavior of plant varieties, has long been evi- dent. In several branches, special care is now obser\-ed in the selection and application of names, and in some, systems of registration have been devised by which the effort is made to prevent any two varieties of the same plant from receiving the same name, and to prevent more than a single name from being ap- plied to a vax-iety. It is generally admitted, however, that permanent stability of names must be founded upon recognized and accepted principles, and that the application of these principles must be left to the honesty and intelli- gence of the public, rather than to the operation of technical and re- strictive regulations. In a new and rapidly developing branch of horticulture, such as nut culture is rapidly becoming, it is im- portant that the experience of the past along similar lines should be consulted. In this case, fortanately, the field has been thoroughly invest- igated, and the principles formulated, 98 THE NUT-GROWER 80 that little remains to be done ex- cept to consistently apply them. The American Pomological Society, which has lead the horticultural world in this respect since its organ- ization fifty-five years ago, has by gradual evolution reached a position where its formulated conclusions can be safely adopted for the guidance of those who are developing the newer fields of plant industry. At the twenty-eighth Biennial Session of this Society, which occurred in Boston in September, 1903, the prin- ciples of fruit nomenclature which have gradually crystalized during the past half century were embodied in a Code of Nomenclature which was adopted by the Society and will be published in its forthcoming vol- ume of proceedings. This code as adopted consists of five brief rules and certain explanations and inter- pretive notes, as follows : Code of Pomological Nomenclature- Priority. Rule 1. No two varieties of the same kind of fruit shall bear the same name. The name first pub- lished for a variety shall be the ac- cepted and recognized name, except in cases where it has been applied in violation of this code. "A. The term "kind" as herein used shall be understood to apply to those general classes of fruits that are grouped together in common usage without regard to their exact botanical relationship ; as, apple, cherry, grape, peach, plum, raspber- ry, etc. "B. The paramount right of the originator, discoverer, or introducer of a new variety to name it, within the limitations of this code, is re- cognized and emphasized. "C. Where a variety name through long usage has become thoroughly established in American pomological literature for two or more varieties, it should not be dis- placed nor radically modified for either sort, except in cases where a well known synonym can be advanced to the position of leading name. The several varieties bearing identical names should be distinguished by adding the name of the author who first described each sort, or by add- ing some other suitable distinguish- ing term that will insure their iden- tity m catalogues or discussions. "D. Existing American names of varieties which conflict with earlier published foreign names of the same, or other varieties, but which have become thoroughly established through long usage shall not be dis- placed." Forms of Names. Rule 2. The name of a variety of fruit shall consist of a single word. "A. No variety should be named unless distinctly superior to eyisting varieties in some important charac- teristic, nor until it has been deter- mined to perpetuate it by bud pro- pagation. "B. In selecting names for vari- eties the following points should be emphasized: Distinctiveness, simplic- ity, ease of pronunciation and spell- THE X!IjT grower xng, Indication of origin or paren- tage. "C. Th« spelling and pronuncia- tion of a varietal name derived from a pergonal or geographical name ishould be governed by the rules that control the spelling and pronuncia- tion of the name from which it was derived. "D, A variety imported from a foreign country should retain its for- eign name subject only to«uch mod- ification as is necessary to conform it to this code or to render it intel- ligible in English. "E. The name of a person should not be applied to a variety during his life without his expressed con- sent The name of a deceased hor- ticulturist should not be so applied except through formal action by some competent horticultural bcdy, preferably that with which he was most closely connected. "F, The use of such general terms as seedling, hybrid, pippin, pearmain, beurre, rare-ripe, damson, etc., is not admissible. "G. The use of a possesive noun as a name is not admissible, "H. The use of a number either singly or attached to a word should be considered only as temporary expedient while the variety is under- going preliminary test "I. In applying the various pro- visions of this rule to an existing va- rietal name that has through long usage become firmly imbedded in American poraological literature no change shall be made which will in- volve loss of identity." '9B Rule 3. In the full and formal citation of a variety name, the name of the author who first published it shall also be given.. Publication^ Rule 4, Publication consists (1) in the distribution of a printed de- scription of the variety named, giv- ing the distinguishing character of fruit tree, etc., or (2) in the publi* cation of a new name for a variety that is properly described elsewhere; such publication to be made in any book, bulletin, report, trade cata- logue or periodical, providing the issue bears the date of its publication and is generally distributed among nurserymen, fruit growers, and hor- ticulturists ; or (3) in certain cases the general recognition of a name for a propagated variety in a com- munity for a number of years shall constitute publication of that name. "A. In determining the name of a variety to which two or more names have been given in the same publication, that which stands first shall have precedence." Revision. Rule 5. No properly published va- riety name shall be changed for any reason except conflict with this code, nor shall another variety be substi- tuted for that originally described thereunder. Comments. As this code covers the entii-e field of Nut Culture, which is one of the recognized branchas of Pomology your Committee strongly recom mends its adoption for the guidance ioo THK ISXJT GKOWEi^ of this Association in its future dis- cussions and publications. Partic- ular attention is called to tbe follow- ing points which appear to be of special importance to nut growers at the present time : Prioritv. Kule 1. "The name firet published for a variety shall be the accepted and recognized name, except in cases where it has been applied in violation of this code." This rule, &ub]'ect to the provision that it shall not be so applied as to disturb names already thoroughly established in the literature and thus create confusion, is necessary to in- sure stability of varietal names. Taken in connection with Kule 4, which recognizes the distribution of a printed description in any book, bulletin, trade catalogue or period- ical, providing the issue bears a date as proper publication, it affords a con- venient channel through which any variety worth naming can be named by the proper person and in such way that the name selected by him shall stand. rorm of Names. Eule 2. "The name of a variety of fruit shall consist of a single word." Experience has shown that where taore than a single word is used 2ompli3£.ticns ensue that are trouble- 2,'^'.il^-j true where descriptive ad- .I'iiil*': ^ci terms such as mammoth, paper shell, egg shell, etc., are ftp- plied. Many of the errors in the labeling of fruit trees in nurseries have been traced to this eawse, such varieties as Late Crawford and Early tJrawford peach being wnintention- ally substituted lor each other im propagating or packing, to the se- rious loss of the orchardist. Adher- ence to the principle of one clear and distinctive word for the name of each variety will insure the greatest possible exemption from errors of this sort. "A. No variety should be namecl unless distinctly superior to existing varieties in some important charac- teristic, nor until its propaga- tion has been determined upon.'" The primary purpose of this pro- vision is to avoid undue multiplica- tion of names and the confusion that results from this cause. The natur- al tendtsncy in a rapidly developing branch of horticulture is to name each newly originated or discovered seedling without awaiting to deter- mine whether it is worthy of pei"pet- uation or not. The result is a rapid multiplication of names which soon cease to have significance, because the varieties they stand tot cannot be located. It is probable that at least half of the pecan varieties that have besn published thus far are in this condition, the whereabouts of the original trees being unknown and no budded or grafted trees ex- isting to represent the varieties. ( Continued in next issue. ) THE NUT-GROWER 101 (irafted and Budded Pecans vs. Seedlings. Prof. H, E. VanDeman, of Washiiigton, T>. C, at National Nut Groovers' Con- tion. I was indeed very sorry that it was impossible for me to be on time yesterday ; I did my best, but the railroad company did not assist me. I find by looking at the program that I am expected to say a few words on "Grafted and Budded Pecan Trees vs. Seedlings." Let me say at the outset that while I am not the possessor as yet of a pecan grove, I am vitally interested in the question to which I have devoted years of study. I am well aware that the subject about which I am to discuss is not one on which we all agree, but we do agree that we should grow good pecans. When our forefathers plant- ed their first orchards of the apple and various kinds of fruits, they planted seedlings, because they were the best they had. Now no one thinks of following their example, nor would they plant such trees if they were now living under the con- ditions that are now prevalent. They had to take the chances of getting such fruit as the trees might produce, which was indeed of all colors, sizes, flavors and values. The pecan is no exception to the rule of nature in regard to variation from the characteristics of the parent, and we who are planting trees of this nut are subject to the same rules of va- riation. We want the best there is, if we can get it, and we can by plant- ing budded or grafted trees, and in no other way. Some seem to think the seedlings are good enough and that they will come true, or nearly so, to the variety of nuts from which they were grown. This is a great mistake. They will mostly be poorer than the original, if that was some- thing good, rather than better, and few will be as good. When we come to think of the small cost of budded or grafted pe- can trees in comparison with their far-reaching value as compared with seedlings, there can be no wiser course than to plant them. Pecan trees will live and bear profitably for a century and the risk of having poor nuts for this time, or for a much shorter time, is too great. Let those who will not do otherwise plant seedlings, but we who claim to be up-to-date should not entertain such a thought. Any one who is not convinced should talk with those who have made a trial of the matter. There are plenty of them in this room and we have before us a set of nuts from over a hundred seedling trees of one of the very good varie- ties. There is not one like the orig- inal and scarcely one is as good. When we come to gather and ship nuts in quantity, as many of us hope to do some day, a mixed lot will be troublesome to sort and bring far less than if they were all alike, or enough of them to make a con- siderable shipment. It is so with the fruits, and the disadvantages of 102 THE ]XUT-GROWER mixed lots is often very serious and always annoying. It is not the first cost of the tree that is the expensive part, but the care for years to come after it is planted and the time of waiting for results. Life is too short to spend it in uncertainty when we can be reasonably sure of certain and profit- able results. Plant pecan trees and seedlings if it is not possible to do better, but make every effort to plant budded or grafted trees of the best varieties known and be sure that they are true to name. Hales' Paper Shell Hickory. A hickory nut is, to the great mass of people who appreciate it, simply a hickory nut, without regard to its size, quality, thickness of shell, form, or any of the features which dis- tinguish one variety from another. One has only to examine a mixed lot of hickory nuts to learn that there are many shapes and sizes as well as a great range in thickness of shell and quality. To select the best varieties, for commercial and amateur growers, the locating of trees bearing them, so that wood can be obtained for propagation, is a wide and open field for a very promising line of work, and one sure to produce re- sults of vast importance, and prom- ises pecuniary profits to the success- ful propagator of the choicest and best kinds. As far as the writer is able to learn there is but a single variety of the shellbark hickory which has been propagated, distributed and grown under its varietal name, and that is known as " Hales' Paper- shell." While there are plenty of local or neighborhood names, of distinct varieties, they have not yet been propagated by methods which in- sure the perpetuation of their par- ticular qualities, or placed on record for public use, except the one men- tioned. Hales' Papershell was named by the late Andrew S. Fuller, and in the Rural New Yorker for Nov. 19, 1870, he gave an illustrated descrip- tion of the variety, which has since been propagated, by grafting, to in- sure the perpetuation of the variety. His description of the nut and nat- ural habitat, with illustration of the original tree, is found in " Fuller's Nut Culture," to which work we are indebted for the following interest- ing history : " The original tree of this remark- able variety is growing upon the farm of Mr. Henry Hales, near Ridgewood, N. J., and on bottom land within a few rods of the Sad- dle river. The tree is probably more than a hundred years old, and is about seventy-five feet high and nearly two feet in diameter at the base ♦ * * There are a large number of shellbark hickories grow- ing nearby, and while there are sev- eral excellent and very large varie- ties among them, the one I have named is by far the largest and most distinct in form, and with the thinnest shell ; in fact, the shell is THE i^^UT OROWER lOS Mnieli fhiimer than in many of the pecan nuts that reach omr Northern markets from the South. The size *nd form of these nuts is clearly 48hown in figure — , white the thin, shell and thick, plump kernel is seen; in the cross section. It will be no- ticed that these nuts differ from the ordinary varieties of this species in. the absence of the sharp ridges and •depressions running from base to point, the surface of the shell being broken up into irregulai*, wavy lines, , somewhat resembling the shell of the more common varieties of the Persian walnuts * * * Another merit, in addition to the large size, and thin shell of the Hales' Paper- shell, IS its keeping qualities, the kernels rarely becoming rancid, even when two or more years old, and from a long acquaintance with this nut and hundreds of other varieties gathered from all parts of the Unit- ed States, I am inclined to place it at the head of the list, and as the most valuable sort as yet discovered, " It is ti'ue, however, that I have found in the forests, and also re- ceived, many large and superior nuts of this species, that are well worthy of propagation and cultiva- tion, but they have been in the main of the typical form, and not of so distinct a type as this paper-shell. Judge Miller sent me a few nuts of a shellbark found in Missouri that were even larger and with fully as thin shell as that of the Hales', but upon making further inquiries in regard to the tree that produced them, I learned that an incom- ing railroad line had destroyed it, and thus on€ more tree of inestim- able value had been sacrificed in th« march of this progressive age. Avoid Swindlers. It behooves every person who buys nut bearing trees to make cer- tain that he receives budded or grafted trees. The interest that has been created in favor of plant- ing pecan and other nut bearing trees, has led unscrupulous men to travel over the country and take orders for grafted or budded nut trees of approved and well known varieties, and fill these orders with worthless seedling stock. Before the buyer discovers that he is the victim of a swindler, the agent is out of reach. To avoid being im- posed upon every person who con- templates planting nut trees should buy only of those agents who repre- sent reliable nurserymen or firms, and carry credentials , and even then it is well to make inquiry of the firm represented, and verify the agent's statement. It is only by such precaution that the unscrupu- lous can be prevented from foisting on the purchaser of nut bearing trees worthless seedlings, that have no value as nut producers, and even if they had, may require half a life- time before they reach a full bear- ing age. As an additional protection, and in the interest of honest dealing every person who ascertains that a swindler has attempted to impose on him by claiming to represent re- putable nurserymen, should be pub- lished, and thereby put the public on notice to beware of him. 104 The Nut=Qrower. Published iB-orttMy at Poislaa, Ga , by THE NUT GROWER COMPANY. Entered as second-elas^ matter at the Post Office at Foulan, Ga., under the Aetof Congress af March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING 1 inch 1 time $1.00 1 1-4 pa^e 1 M page 1 1 page 1 3.00 5.5& 10.00 THE NUT GROWER Mr. Thos. Bridgen, a veteran hor- ticulturist of Alabama, said in a re- cent letter : "I fully agree with the article in January Nut-G-kower on the value of an exhibit at St. Louis. Many parties barely know the pecad by name, and an exhibit with appro- pi'iate literature would cause many to go into pecan culture and utilize land now worthless." RATES : inch 3 times ^4 I>age 3 JipageS 1 paee 3 $2.50 7.50 13.75 2S.00 An industry that can well be made an adjunct to nut growing is that of *'Bee Culture." It will fit in all right, besides there is a fine field for such industry all through this southern country, ^^ The Nut-Gkowek will be glad to receive and publish authentic reports as to the annual yield of nuts from particular trees. Actual measur- ments are wanted rather than esti- mates or floating reports. Nut food products are much in favor and are sold largely because of persistent advertisement. All this is helpful to educate the people to a better appreciation of nuts as food and is sure to greatly enlarge the demand for nuts. A good thing will bear repetition, and this accounts for the duplication of sundry information we give from time to time. Then we are constantly adding to our family of appreciative readers, many of whom are just starting in the business of nut grow- ing. Accidents, and other unavoidable causes, have recently reduced about one half the working forces ot the printing establishment where the Nut-Grower is printed. This ac- counts for a later appearance of this number than usual, and has also in- terfered with the issue of Proceed- ing of Convention, which is also de- layed for the same reason. The committee of local arrange- ments for next convention are in- vestigating the matter of hotel ac- commodations for members and their friends, while at St. Louis in attendance upon the Convention and visiting the great exposition. It is expected that convenient quarters at reasonable rates wUl be obtained and reserved for all who notify the Secretary of Association in due time. We have given prominence to the Nussbaumer's Hybrid and the Floyd pecan, in recent numbers, for a spe- cific purpose. If these nuts are lost to the world, as Mr. Fuller thought probable, it may lead to the search for others of equal worth in that section of country. This is import- THK :XUT-G RO^^ KR 105 ant in the bearing it has on the ex- tension northward of the pecan or some hybrid having its good quali- ties and the ability to stand a great- er degree of cold without injury. Some months ago, a subscriber in Northeastern Ohio, wrote ua about grafting and budding the hickory. This party, as an initial step, was advised to be on the lookout for the best sample of nuts his locality pro- duced. It will be a good work for others to follow, as the location of such a tree as the Hales' or some of those lost wonders, will bring honor and fame, if not profit, to the dis- coverer and exploiter of something better than wc now have on record. Attention is called to the commu- nication of Mr. Forkert, and the ex- perimental work he has undertaken. Such efforts, if followed up carefully, not only by the gentleman named but many others as well, can hardly fail to produce valuable information. In connection with this matter, we want to impress the importance of keeping full recods, and notes, of all noticeable circumstances, even triv- ial, as just such things often throw light upon the subject, when and where least expected. Just as soon as the Association Secretary is through with his work incidental to the publishing and dis- tributing the proceedings of the last Convention, he expects to take up systematically with the committee of ing of varieties as provided by the scale of points adopted at iNew Or- leans. Some excellent nuts are al- ready on hand awaiting the experts' decision, and they are sure to come in promptly from others, as soon as the application blanks are ready. Cashew Nut. From Fuller's Nut Culturist. A lai-ge shrub or small tree, native of the West Indies, and for this reason often referred to as the "Western Cashew." It belongs to the Terebnthe family, consequently is closely related to our native poison Sumachs. The tree is an evergreen, with entire feather-veined leaves ; flowers of a reddish color, and very small, scant-scented and produced in terminal panicles. The fruit is kidney-shaped, and borne on a fleshy receptacle, and when ripe of reddish or yellow color. The nut proper is enclosed in a leathery covering, con- sisting of two layers, between which is deposited a thick, caustic, oily substance, exceedingly acrid, but this is eliminated by heat, so that when the kernels are roasted they have a pleasant flavor, and are highly esteemed for desserts. Some care is required in roasting these nuts, as the fumes given off during the operation causes inflammation of the eyes. The nuts also yield an excellent oil very similar to the best olive oil. Although originally found only in the West Indies, this nut is now standards, the examination and grad- i widely distributed throughout the 106 TtlE NUT tropical countries of the East, in fact, naturalized in all hot climates, and is also under trial in Southern Florida. [nternatlonal Congresses. J. F. Wilson, Secretai-y National Nut G-rowers' Association, Poulan, Ga. : Dear Sir - In reply to your letter of November 14, I have assigned for the use of the National Nut Grow- ers' Association for convention pur- poses, a hall on the Exposition grounds for Oct. 26-28, 1904. Very respectfully yours, Howard J. Rogers. Director of Congresses. St. Louis, Mo , January 8, 1S)04. NOTICE. To whom it may concern : — Notice is hereby given that a certificate of the Georgia State Board of Ento- mology, numbered 66, dated Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 26, 1903, issued to the Southern Nut Tree Nurseries, C. C. Batey, Manager, Thomasville, Ga., has this day been revoked. Said action has been taken because of the failure of the said C. C. Batey to fumigate nursery stock shipped and sold as is required by the regulations of the State Board of Entomology, which regulations are enacted by virtue of an Act of Assembly ap- proved Dec. 20th, 1898. Wilmon Newell, State Entomologist. Atlanta, Ga., Feb. 10, 1904. -GROWER flowering of Ooks. U. S. Department of AGRictfLTURE, j Bureau of Forestry, \ Washingtoo, Feb. 12, 1904 ) Mr. J. ¥. Wilson, Ed. of the Nut Grower, Poulan, Georgia. Dear Sir : — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of j'our note of February 6th and also the January issue of Nut- Grower, in which I have been greatly interested. Referring to an article, entitled, "Nut Growing in the South," page 85,1 notice an interesting statement in regard to the flowering of hicko- ries and oaks. Perhaps some addi- tional information on the flowering of oaks may be interesting. As I understand them the hickories pro- duce their flowers and fruit the same year. The oaks roughly classified as White Oaks have the same habit. The Red Oaks and Black Oaks, how- ever, require two years in which to mature their fruit. The staminate and pistillate flowers are produced one season and the acorns from the pistillate ones are partly matured that year, completing their maturity the following season. An inspection of the branchlets of a Red Oak or Black Oak in the fall or winter will discover tiny acorns which the com- ing summer develops into mature acorns. I shall be exceedingly glad if op- portunity offers to send you notes from time to time which may be of interest to the readers of the Nut- Grower. Very truly yours, Geo. B. Sudworth, Chief. THE XUT GROWER 107 A Correction. The Nut-Grower, Poulan, Ga. Dear Sins: — In my letter of Jan. 12th to you, I enclosed an article upon recent changes in the Regula- tions of the Georgia State Board of Entomology, Under the head of " Regulations Applying to Nursery- men Outside of Georgia," please correct to read : " Said person or persons shall also file wdth the State Entomologist a signed statement in which said per- son or persons agre^i to fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas all stock shipped into Georgia. Such fumiga- tion shall be in a manner approved by the State Entomologist. Upon receipt of the certificate and state- ment above mentioned, etc." Instead of : " Said person or per- persons shall also file with the State Entomologist an affidavit, ex- ecuted before an Ordinary, Notary Public or Justice of the Peace, stat- ing that said person or persons will fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas all stock shipped into Georgia. Such fumigation shall be in a man- ner approved by the State Entomol- ogist. Upon receipt of the certifi- icate and affidavit above mentioned, etc." In case the article is already printed please call attention to this correction and oblige. Respectfully yours, Wilmon Newell, State Entomologist, Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 30, 1904. Commends ttie Associolion. Louisiana Sugar Kxperiment Station, ) Audubon Park, > New Orleans, La., Jan. 23, 1904. ) Mr. J. F. Wilson, Editor The Nut-Grow- er, Poulau, Qa, : Dear Sir: — Your letter has just been received. I do not think that I have ever seen a meeting where more interest was manifested in an industry than that of the recent nut growers at their convention held in this city in October. Both from a scientific and practical standpoint, the subject of nut growing was thor- oughly investigated, discussed and absorbed. Representatives of five or six Southern agricultural colleges were present and aided in making the meeting a success. Prominent nut growers from South Carolina to Texas were in attendance, and gave evideuce by the interest which they manifested of their devotion to the industry in which they had enlisted. The industry of pecan growing has grown and developed so largely in the South that a number of mtelU- gent and influential men have gone into it and are to-day making a spe- cialty of propagating some of the finest varieties of this nut, and I am told by several of these men that the demand for their trees is greater than their supplj'. Wherever men of decided character, integrity and honor, with an ability equal to the successful handling of the business part of the industry, have gone into the growing and raising of pecans to meet the increasing demands of the planters, they have met with signal success. There is hardly a 108 THK NUT day that I do not receive from some one a letter inquiring as to tbe best kinds of pecans to plant, from whom to purchase, whether seedlings or grafted trees, etc. It is with pleas- ure that I can point to such a nu- merous list of hightoned, honorable and successful nurserymen within my acquaintance. The financial success of growing pecans has been amply demonstrated, and thousands of acres are annually going into the industry, with the prospect in a few years of deriving a goodly income from their groves. The increased consumption of pecans justifies the belief that the present prices for good nuts will be maintained for some years to come. The world is becoming favorably acquainted with the finer pecans, as has been demon- strated by the increased demand for them since the exhibit of these nuts by the United States government at the World's Fair in Paris. A great many people agree with the writer that a first-class pecan is by all odds the most superior nut that can be offered on the market ; while every child, white and colored, will indorse these sentiments. I therefore be- lieve that the Nut Growers Associa- tion, now in its infancy, will continue to grow and prosper, and will be the means of giving increased incomes to many farmers and planters throughout the country, besides con- tributing largely to the food supply of the world. With kind regards, I am. Very truly yours, WM. C. STIJBBS, Director. GROWER Improve Wliat We Have. Mr. J. P. V7ilson, Editor The Nut-Grow- er, Ponlan, Ga. ; Dear Sir — In regard to the article on the Floyd and Nussbaumer pecan (in the December number of The Nut-Grower), I beg leave to say while it is well to look for lost friends, or once existing acquaint- ances, which as it seems in the in- stance of the Nussbaumer and Floyd pecan, may be difficult to locate after so many years have elapsed, why not improve that which is near as? Why not improve those pecans now known and cultivated, but which have some undesirable character, for instance, the Columbia ? The Columbia is a fine, large pe- can, tree as healthy and strong grower as any, yet the kernel does not always come to perfection, and the shell is rather thick. Why not hybridize some more perfect, if really smaller, pecan with the larger imperfect ones? Some good combination may be the result. I am starting with thirty such hybrids this season — carefully made hybrids between many bearing trees last season. The result was as stated, thirty perfect nuts from such crosses, and some are now planted, and you may rest assured a most interesting watch will be bestowed upon the re- sulting seedlings of those thirty nuts. With best wishes for the success of the Nut-Grower and its con- ductor, I am very truly yours, C. Forkert. THK NUT-GROWER Hazelnuts in Europe. Germany and other European countries import annually large quantities of hazelnuts, which are used by confectioners and form a prominent item in the dessert at ho- tel and private tables, according to Simon W. Hanauer, Deputy Consul- General, Frankfort, Germany. Be- sides this they are as popular an ar- ticle of consumption as peanuts are in the United States. The hazel- nut bushes require no attention and will grow almost anywhere ; yet the nut can be greatly improved by pro- per cultivation. The children of our American farmers might add to their savings by planting hazelnuts. If nut raising were to be conducted on a large scale by our fruit growers, hazelnuts would soon become a val- uable item of our export trade. — American Florist. 109 and other nuts receive prominent at- tention at the hands of this fiim, who are propagating a number of choice varieties. "The Peach Grower" is a monthly journal devoted to fruit, published at Atlanta, Ga., several copies of which have come to this oflSce. It contains much information suited to the encouragement of horticultural operation in the So^^th. Book end Cofologue Notices. One of the first Trade Catalogues The Report of Secretary of Agri- culture for 1903 is an interesting pamphlet of about 100 pages, giving a synopsis of the operations of the Department for the past year. Sev- eral lines followed by the Depart- ment are of especial interest to nut growers, viz., the Pomology Depart- ment and Bureau of Forestry have much in common with our Associa- tion. Texas Seed Pecan Co. FORT WORTH, TEXAS J, inn, • 1 - ii • n- ■ ! Dealers In Choicest Seed Pecans for Planting. for 1904 received at this office is Established twelve years. Also Seedling and from the Griffin Bros. Co., of Jack- [Grafted Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuts, Japan .„ , -_. . T-,, ^ , Walnuts, English Walnuts, both nuts and trees. sonviUe and Miami, Fla. Pecans send for "Facts in a Nutshell." PINEY PARK NURSERY, Poulan, Ga. While supply lasts I can furnish choice Seed Pecans as follows : Grade No. 1.— 40 cents per pound in lots of not less than 25 lbs. Grade No. 2.— 20 ce^ts " " " " 50 lbs. Grade No. 3.— 12^ cents " " " " ICO lbs. Grade No. 4.— 10 cents " " " " 100 lbs. Grade No. 5.— 9 cents " " " " 100 lbs. Numbers 3, 4 and 5 are specially suitable for nursery stock on which to bud and graft. Sample for five cents in postage. Prices on small lots on application. J. P. WILSON, Manager. no THK :nut-grower BUDDING KNIFE. PECANS, WALNUTS, CHESTNUTS, FIOsJ. D. GALBRAITH, New Orleans, La. P. O. Box 1249. Nuts for Profit. 158 Pao«B- 60 Illustrations. On propagation, cultivatioD, etc., of nuts best adapted to various sections. Price, postpaid, 60c. Testimonials free. Seeds. English Walnuts, Maderia. Japan Walnuts, Sieboldiana and Coriformis. By mail VJ'c per ddz., $1.00 per 100. Tno. R. Parky, Parrv P.O., N.J. Dec. 1 to April 1&, Orlando, Fla. NO FARM A GROVE OF IB OOMPLETE WITHODT icy SAFE 9umm AMO ^nOflTABLM GRIFFING'S CATALOG TELLS ABOUT THEM. Twenty leading T&rieties of P©o*na. Also a complete line of Fruit nod 0»- ] ^ namental trees and shrubbery. ♦ Catalogne Free. i Address ^ rnm GRii'^iNa mmoa. co.. ^ JACKSONVIULE, fUk. Cheap Rates Southwest. Sontheast Missouri, Louisiana Ar- kansas and Texas. Homeseekers' Opportunities. Here's your chance. V^ery low one^ way and round trip rates Southwest this winter— about half the rejj;ular fare, twice a month — nearby dates are ./an 5 aud 19 and Feb. 2 and 16, 1904 Good time to visit Southeast Missouri, Arkan- sas, Louisiana or Texas and pick out a loi-ation. Round trip tickets permit stop-over or» the going trip, return limit 21 days. Write and tell us your starting point and where you want w go. We will tell you exactly what your ticket will cosl. One way or round trip; we will see that your baggkge is checked, and that you are comfortably located on the right train. Write for our illustrated descriptive literature, iiiap8,lists of real estate agente, and let us help ^ ou find a better home in the country along the Cotton Belt Route. Write today to N. B. Baihd, T. p. a.. Cotton Belt Route, Atlanta, Ga. E W. La Bkaumk, G. P & T. A.. Cotton Belt Houte, St. Louis, Mo. The Stuart Pecan Co., Of Ocean Springs. Mississippi, are Headquarters for Reliable budded and graf- ted trees of choicest known varieties. SEND FOR PRICE LIST. The Nut GrROT^^ER Devoted to the Interests of the National Nut-Growers' Association Volume II. MARCH, 1904. Number 8. Pecan Insects. Prof. H. Morgran, of Baton Rouge, La., at National Nut Growers' Convention. The insects affecting the pecan tree and its products have not at- tracted in the past the serious atten- tion of the cnlturist and the ento- mologist that they now demand. This has been due to the infancy of the industry and to the isolated lo- cation of many of the trees produc- ing large quantities of marketable and edible nuts. The pecan nursery and orchard increase the facilities for insect ravage and the develop- ment of these will encourage in a marked degree the attack of insects formerly considered of little econom- ic importance. The nursery and or- chard focalizes insects injurious to the pecan, and the dissemination of nursery stock offers a most excellent medium for the wide distribution of insect pests. With the growth and organization of the pecan industry, as with any new agricultural undertaking, little attention has been paid to the dis- semination of fungus and insect pests. It is not yet too late to sound a note of warning and urge nursery- men and culturists to avoid every avenue liable to introduce and spread enemies that may in the future prove a menace and even a blight to the very industry they wish to make profitable and permanent. In the warfare against pecan in- sects, as is the case with insects af- fecting any industry, preventives and remedies are based upon a care- ful study of the life and habits. It is not expected that the pecan cultu- rist will work out the problems as- sociated with the life cycles and habits of insects affecting his tree, yet he can do much to aid these in- vestigations. He is expected, how- ever, to learn carefully these life his- tories and habits when they have been worked out, and to know their relation to the remedies suggested and recommendations prescribed. It frequently happens that remedies are made ineffective because those delegated to perform the work have no conception of what they are do- ing. On the other hand, the ento- mologist who bases his suggestion upon the habits of the insects fre- quently makes recommendations, which while thoroughly effective on a small scale are totally impractica- ble when operated upon a commer- 114 THE XUT cial basis. It is therefore plain that the pecan culturist and the entomol- ogist must co-operate to attain the best results. Co-operation will re- sult in making a more cai'eful ob- server and student of injurious in- sects of the pecan grower and will offer better opportunities to the en- tomologist to list and study pecan insects and prescribe more effective remedies. In Louisiana the most important enemies affecting growing pecan trees have been leaf eating insects. The walnut caterpillar (Datana inte- genima) and the fall web-worm (Hy- l^hantria cunea) predominating. The walnut caterpillar moth eggs are subject to intense parasitism by a proctotrupid (Felenomus gossypii) and the caterpillar itself is preyed upon by ichneumon and Lachina flies to such an extent that some years this euem}' to pecan trees al- most disappears. Hence, if active remedial measures ai'e taken the years when this caterpillar promises to be abundant, very little harm could come from the few that would remain. The walnut caterpillar moth de- posits from 500 to 1,200 eggs on the under side of the lower leaves of the tree. The eggs hatch in about five days (the incubation period varies somewhat with the temperature pre- vailing.) The caterpillars vary in color in the different stages of the larval life, but may be easily recog- nized in the last larval condition by their black ground color covered with sordid white hairs and by two ■GROWER white longitudinal lines on each side of the body. The young caterpillars feed upon the under surface of the leaves and often escape notice. Pour moults are cast during the larval develop- ment, the last one (and occasionally the one before the last) occurring on the trunk of the trees. The full grown caterpillar enters the ground for pupation, in which condition it remains during the summer from 10 to 15 days. The second brood win- ters or hibernates in the pupa con- dition. The habits of this insect offer favorable means for overcoming its ravages. The eggs laid upon the lower leaves may, in small orchards, be collected by hand. A little prac- tice soon makes a person pi-oficient in observing the eggs. The habit of the caterpillars of de- scending the tree for the last moult, and possibly the one before the last, offers a most convenient means of destroying them, for as long as two days may be spent in the moulting operation. The leaf eating habit is taken advantage of by spraying the foliage with arsenites, such as paris green and arsenate of lead. I spray with a mixture of one-fourth pound of paris green; one fourth-pound of quick lime, and fifty gallons of water will be found a very efficient remedy. In large orchards of old trees steam spraying outfits will be found advan- tageous. The fall web worm is a general vegetable feeder attacking a variety of trees in the state. Its attack up- THE :SUT GKOWKR on pecan trees is rather vigorous, and if not remedied the defoliation and webs become very unsightl}^ to say nothing of the injury done. As the name "Web Worm" would indi- cate, the caterpillars live m webs which enlarge with the growth of the caterpillar, and the necessity for food demand. This insect should not be confused with the pecan or walnut caterpillai', though both may occur on the same tree. The latter never lives in a web, and ma}' be found after the third moult on all parts of the tree, while the web worm confines itself during the lar- val life to the web. Like the pecan or walnut caterpillar, the fall web worm pupates below the surface of the ground (though not so deep) and hibernates in the pupa condi- tion. The moth of the fall web worm is white or spotted (white or black. ) If 3'oung trees be carefully watch- ed, the small webs of the young cat- erpillars may be removed from the trees before much damage is done. Sometimes the larger webs are de- stroyed with burning rags saturated with coal oil and tied on the end of a long pole. Asbestos may be used in the place of rags. The arsenite sprays used to combat the pecan and walnut caterpillars will be equally effective upon the fall web worm. A number of parasites live upon and destroy great numbers of caterpillars. Large caterpillars, those of a spe- cies of catacola moth, may occur in sufficient numbers upon pecan trees to do serious damage. The larvae 1J5 have the habit, especially when nearly grown, of hiding during the day in the crevices of the bark. The grey color of the caterpillar resem- bles the color of the bark so much that it is not an easy matter to find them while hiding in the crevices. The best time to collect these cater- pillars upon the trunk is during or after a rain, when the grey cater- pillars show more distinctly in con- trast to the damp and darkened bark. The "twig girdler" (Oncideres Texana) has been reported from sev- eral quarters in Louisiana and Miss- issippi as occurring in damaging numbers. The full life history and habits of this pecan pest have been determined by Prof. Glen W. Her- rick, of Agricultural College, Miss., and Mr. James Brodie, of Biloxi, Miss., a full account of which was published by Prof. Herrick in the Journal of the New York Entomo- logical Society, March, 1902. The eggs of the beetle are deposited in that part of the twig that drops to the ground, and the larvae spend a year or more feeding upon the de- caying twig, as it lies upon the ground, or among the branches of the tree. With this knowledge of the life and habits a remedy is made easy. All fallen girdled twigs of pecan, oak and trees akin to these, should be picked up and thoroughly burned. If this becomes the general practice among pecan growers, the twig girdler will soon be under con- trol. The insects affecting the trunks or bodies of pecan trees have not been 116 THK NUT accurately determined. The hickory borer (Cyllene pictus) and a flat head Buprestid borer are not un- common upon injured trees. Some complaints of these borers have come to us this year. Healthy trees are invariably immune to the attack of borers. A few insects have been reported as damaging pecans (the fruit). In Louisiana a "spittle bug" has been found upon the fruit stems. When this insect is abundent, great num- bers of the young fruit are shed and sei'ious loss is sustained. This is a most difficult insect to combat and further study on the habits and other food plants is needed before remedies can be recommended. A shuck-worm is occasionally ap- parent upon matunng fruit, and may be controlled by the sprays of paris green and arsenate of lead used to combat leaf-eating insects. In conclusion I wish to state that I have not attempted to mention all the insects that have been discovered feeding upon the pecan tree and its fruit, but have merely mentioned those most commonly found in Lou- isiana. I trust this Convention will result in emphasizing the fact that in the future the pecan industry will necessarily suffer more from insect attack than in the past, and that no time should be lost in listing and studying possible enemies to the fu- ture, and informing culturists of the easy methods of diffusmg injurious insects and of the best cultural methods known to keep them in sub- jection. -GROAVER Genuine Stock and How to Obtain It. Mr. Theodore Bechtel, of Ocean Springs, Miss., at National Xut Growers' Con- tion. After deciding what to plant, the next and most natural thought that comes to us is, where can we pro- cure what we call for. During the short existence of this Association it has already been in- strumental in exposing a number of frauds and I am sure that a great amount of good will be done in this direction in the future. Some say laws should be passed licensing only responsible parties to sell trees, but up to the present time no such laws have been enacted and the fraudu- lent tree vendor accorded the same privileges as the responsible one and traverses the country far and near, "seeking whom he may devour." Not every one is doing all he can to keep informed with the means at his dis- posal, and in the sparsely settled sec- tions of the country they are not all taking daily papers or riding on trol- ley cars, or even keeping pace with the time, as to what is being done for his benefit m the line of horticul- ture and agriculture by the experi- ment stations and others. Of course, we are not so much sur- prised that some such people are gulled into buying seedling trees for grafted ones, or hickory and pignut trees for choice pecans, etc., when there are well informed people all through this broad land of ours who will say, "Well ! How are we to know who is reliable ? " THE iS'UT-G ROWER 117 The eyes are so dazzled by the I bring the nurseryman's calling to glowing pictures so beautifully col- ored and perhaps double the size of the natural product and the samples of nuts, such as we produce and such as the "other fellcw" sells, that the order is given often without any further questions, especially if a long list of orders are also shown, whether they be genuine or assumed. There are several ways by which we may judge of a firm's reliability, and in planning to do something as long lived as a pecan orchard, we should leave nothing undone that we can do to make sure that we start with reliable stock. Don't be afraid to spend time and money on investi- gating, send for references and see that they are the best. If you are attracted by an ad., you may judge some by the class of paper in which you siw the ad., but get all the evi- dence you can just the same, and likewise if you are approached by a traveling salesman or tree peddler, make him produce the evidence that his standing is O. K., as well as the firm he represents. Having been connected with the nursery business ever since I was old enough to carry the label basket for my father, the tales of woe which I have heard told by the victims of the swindlers would fill volumes, and since a discouraged and dissatisfied tree planter is one of the gi*eatest detriments to the horticultural in- terests of the country, we should all put our shoulder to the wheel and rid the country of as many of these frauds as possible and thereby the high, honorable standing to which it belongs, for there are re- liable nurserymen, notwithstanding the fact that we are looked upon by many as "grafters" in more than one sense of the word. Report of Committee on Nomencla- ture and Standards. (Continued from last issue.) " E. The caution against apply- ing names of living persons to vari- eties without their expressed consent is necessary to protect such names against unsuitable or improper ap- plication of such names by intro- ducers. The necessity for it has be- come increasingly apjDarent in re- cent years through the ill-considered application of the names of eminent horticulturists to varieties that have proved to possess but little merit, and which are a source of sorrow to all connected with them." The requirement that the appli- cation of the name of a deceased horticulturist shall be authorized by some competent horticultural body is an extension of the same idea, and is intended to insure full con- sideration of each case on its merits. Revision. Rule 5. "No properly published variety name shall be changed for any reason except conflict with this code, nor shall another variety be substituted for that originally des- cribed thereunder." This rule is deemed necessary to avoid the complications growing out 118 THE JSUT of instances where the names of va- rieties that have been properly des- cribed and published are subse- quently changed to suit the whim of the originator or introducer. Names once formally applied are considered to be the property of the public, and should only be changed when necessary for the public good. The necessity for this rule is no doubt self evident. STANDARDS. In foi-mulating Standards for the guidance of the Association your committee has deemed it advisable to submit a scale of points for judg- ing commercial varieties of pecans, leaving other nuts for future consid- eration. This scale is the result of several conferences, in which scales submit- ted by individual members were dis- cussed and compared with a view to harmonizing differences and allot- ting to each important chai-acteristic its proper value. It is believed that in the future a scale of points for amateur vai'ieties should also be drawn up, in which the characteristics that are import- ant in a variety destined for home use shall be assigned proper value. It is the belief of your committee that in arriving at the ti'ue value of a commercial variety, the tree char- acteristics and nut characteristics should be rated separately, the final rating of the variety to be determin- ed by averaging the two. In judg- ing exhibits where the nuts only can -GROWER be examined, the rating should be accompanied by a statement to that effect. The scale as formulated by the Committee is as follows : Nuts. External characters : Points Size 20 Form 5 Color 5 Shell characters : Thinness 10 Cracking quality 20 Kernel characters : Plumpness 20 Color 5 Quality 15 Total 100 Tree. Points Vigor 10 Habit 10 Toughness 10 Resistance to diseases, insects ... 10 Precosity 10 Uniformity of ripening 10 Productiveness 40 Total 100 The rating of a variety to be de- termined by averaging the rating of nut and tree. Explanatory Notes, Ctiaracter and Condition of Samptes. All samples submitted for judging shall be fair average samples of the crop and not selected specimens. They should be tree ripened and should be thoroughly cured before judging. Polishing, coloring or other manipulation to disqualify. THE 2iUT GROWER 1J9 Size. The nuts should be large and rea- sonably uniform in size, nuts nin- niug smaller than 100 per lb. to be disqualified. Form. The nuts should be symmetrical in form and reasonably smooth of surface. Color. The shell should be bright and clear in color without excess of sur- face markings. Thinness. The shell should be sufficiently thin in pi'oportion to size of nut to crush readily. Cracking Quality. The shell should be brittle and should separate readily from the kernel leaving it clean and in per- fect halves. Plumpness. The kernel should fill the shell and must be smooth externally, with solid meat of fine and uniforoi text- ure, free from internal cavities and with high relative weight of kernel to shell. Color. The kernel should be uniformly bright and attractive in color. Quality. The flavor should be sweet and rich, free from bitterness or astring- ence of either meat or skin. Respectfully submitted, Wm. A. Taylor, Chairman ; H. Harold Hume, H. E. VanDeman, F. H. Burnette, E. Mead Wilcox, R. S. Mcintosh, Committee. ChQriye of Names. Dr. J. P. Wilson, Secretary Xational Nut Growers' Association, Poulan, Ga. Dear Sir — In conformance with the rules for nomenclature adopted by the Association at its convention held in New Orleans, and agreeably to the rules of the American Pomo- logical Society, which rules are de- signed to simplify the nomenclature and to eliminate double or hyphena- ted names (which are often cumbrous and confusing) from fruits and nuts, we beg to notify you that we intend changing the name of the " Georgia Giant" to "Georgia" (synonym Geor- gia Giant) and that we intend chang- ing the name of the "Mammoth" to "Monarch" on account of the name "Mammoth"(synonym DeWitt Mam- moth) having been applied by the late Richard Frotscher, of New Or- leans, several years ago and before our "Mammoth" tree was named. We intend changing the name of "Magnum Bonum" to read "Mag- num" (synonym Magnum Bonum) and the name "Bacon's Choice" to i-ead "Bacon" (sjmonym Bacon's Choice.) The other varieties origi- nated by us viz : "Brackett," "Sen- ator," "Stevens," "Atlanta" and "Bartov/" will remain the same. The parent trees of all the above va- rieties are owned and controlled by this company, and are growing and bearing here. Yours very truly, The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co., Herbei't C. White, 2nd Vice-Pres. and Horticulturist. DeWitt, Ga., March 26, 1904, 120 THE The Nut=Q rower. Published monthly at Poulan, Ga , by THE NUT GROWER COMPANV. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Ponlan, Ga., under the Act of Congress ot March 3, 1879 oi luarcn a, i^m. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 time §1.00 1 inch 3 tiui 1 " 3.00 i-k paae 3 " incli /■, page 1 1 page 1 3.00 5.50 lO.CO H page 3 1 ^ page 3 I i>ace 3 $2.50 7.50 13.75 3.5.00 State Vice Presidents of Aspocia- tion should tabulate the acreage and number of trees planted during the past season m their respective states. This will make interesting data for next Convention. We are in the nut growing busi- ness for the benefit of the public in general, and for our subscribers in particular. We invite questions and correspondence, being glad to ren- der such service as we can. The Nelson Pecan is a new candi- date for recognition. Mr. Wm. Nelson, the introducer, would hard- 1t give it his own name without good reasons. In a future number we will give his description of the nut. Mistakes will happen, and the mail service is not infallible. When we discover that copies of the NuT- Growee fail to reach destination we are glad to send duplicates, and es- teem it a favor to be informed when copies are missed. iS'UT-GROAiER The clipping from Kural New Yorker shows how widely the fraud- ulent dealer extends his operations. This same schemer is very familiar to many southern growers, especially in Georgia and Florida, but he was followed up so closely by officials of our Association that many chosen victims escaped loss at his hands. The element's of safety, of invest- ment, reasonable certainty of profits and permanence of the business are essential requirements demanded by investors when new propositions apply for capital. It seems reason- able to suppose that as soon as the jiublic can be brought to realize how nut growing fills this bill, that a wonderful development of the in- dustry will follow. In this issue will be found an im- portant letter from The G. M. Ba- con Pecan Co., giving notice of changes in names of nuts to con- form with the recently adopted rule bearing on this subject, with varie- ties they have introduced. This is a good start in the matter of sim- plifying the nomenclature of nuts, and the advantages of the rule are sure to become apparent. ^^ In concluding his address at the New Orleans Convention Mr. Sam H. James said : "Market your own crop ; build up your own trade. Don't deal through a commission merchant. Distribute freely ; give away right and left, and you will create a demand." He referred to THE ISTUT-GROWKR his pecan grove as bis "Crown of wild olive," stating that it had given him peace in his declining years. A large number of renewal of subscriptions have come to hand m advance of any notice of accounts due. This is encouraging and we hope it will continue, as it takes time and money to send out bills. Thus far we have but a single request of a subscriber to discontinue his sub- scription, and found on looking up his account that he had paid in ad- vance for two years and his time was only half out. When another year has rolled by, we expect he will want it continued, even if he does live in a northern city on the great lakes. Accidents, delays, etc., which the Secretary could not control, delayed the publication of Proceedings of Convention several weeks beyond the time expected for its distribu- tion. It has, however, been sent out on its mission, and promises to accompHsh great good for the indus- try. It is not claimed for this pub- lication that it is a full and com- plete record of the Convention, but is the best the Secretary could do under the circumstances. However, it is a valuable addition to the standard literature of this important subject. The great struggle in life is to provide for the future ; and, with the great mass of toilers, it is simply by savings that the "rainy day 121 funds" are accumulated, and too, frequently so slow, that the effort is abandoned. Suppose these small savings were invested in pecan trees and provision made for their care and cultivation. Then the "rainy day fund" would literally grow into money. It seems as though this might be a fulfillment of that divine injunction, "Cast thy bread upon the waters; for thou shalt find it after many days." Hotels at St. Louis, during the World's Fair, and particularly dur- ing the month of October, are at- tracting much attention among our members who are arranging to at- tend the 1904 Convention. The "Inside Inn," "The Christian En- deavor Hotel" and several other prominent houses are negotiating with our Committee of Ai-range- ment, for Association headquarters. It seems, however, that it will be well for each one to select such ac- commodations as will best answer their convenience and pocket books. The many offers by houses of var- ious kind that come to the Secre- tary, as well as the request of mem- bers for information on this subject, has led to the proposal to admit ad- vertising matter in this line to the pages of this publication. This proposition will take definite shape by our next issiie. ^^ The pecan list we published in our January number proved to be a live wire, and the insulation was evident- ly defective as it grounded at dif- 122 THK NUT-GROWER ferent points. It resulted largely PeCfifl CulturC fOr WCStem TCXaS. from the misuse of a word. We in advertently said, regarding the nuts mentioned, "exhibited by" and giv- ing various names. We should have said "contributed by;" and even that would not fully coyer the case, as some of the exhibitors showed nuts contributed by growers whose names did not appear. Besides this there were exhibits of "Stuart" and sev- eral of the standard varieties, made by different members, while the sample selected by committee was taken from one or two of these exhib- its of other kinds. The Committee on Standards is sure to run up on some spirited controversies, for each introducer of a superior variety' is sure to claim (and justly so) that his discovery is the nut "par excel- lent." The personnel of this com- mittee, however, is the best possible guarantee that "applied science" alone will govern their findings, and that anything bordering on favorit- ism will have no place in their delib- erations. The ability and integ- rity of this committee is one of the foundation stones upon which the Association rests. Great care was taken in the selection of its members, and each one has some distinguishing qualification for the work. In addition to this a custom was established in selection of mem- bers which bars from service on that committee those who are engaged in any commercial enterprise con- nected with the industry which could compromise the value of their sei"vices on the committee. The News has frequently solicited information from Mr. E. E. Eisien about his pecan work for the benefit of its many readers, and each time he would explain that it would be almost useless unless accompanied by illustrations, and that he was be- seiged from various other sources for more light on the subject, and that, however, he hoped to write a treatise, fully illustrated, to fill this long felt want. We are pleased to announce that he has produced this work and in a form that has brought many unsolicited testimonials. We have a copy of the work and its value is easily recognized and can be used to great advantage by all en- gaged in pecan culture. Our ideas are best expressed in the two follow- ing testimonials which we copy ver- batim : E. W. Kirkpatrick, President of the Texas Nurseryman's Association, says : "After carefully reading I value this work very highly. It is a very valuable contribution to the pe- can industry and destined to do much for all who profit by its prac- tical teaching." John J. Kerr, Secretary of the Texas Nurseryman's Association, says : "I want to thank you for your vei*y up-to-date, very instruc- tive and very valuable book on Pe- can Culture for Texas. This cer- tainly is an advance step, one that will prove of great value to all grow- ers of the Southwest, as it comes from a man in the front rank of pe THE :nut grower 123 can knowledge and cultural meth- ods. In writing this book you have certainly placed the people of the Southwest under lasting obligations. Its value is not to be counted in dol- lars and cents." This work is copyrighted and is a pretty piece of work. The illustra- tions are tine. The News can sup- ply you these books at $1.00 per copy at the office or by mail. —Dal- las News. fl Pecan Proposition. F. K F., Madison ville, O.— There is a man from Tennessee tryiv\g to sell pecan trees here. His offer is about this: He furnishes trees to set 10 acres at $1 per tree; the agent sets, trims and caies for trees the first 10 years, also pays half the cost of trees and gets one-half the crop for the first 10 years; then the owner gets them all. Is this straight? Will pecans do well in the latitude of Cincinnati? Is the price too high for trees, and how much will they bear the first 10 j'ears? The soil has sugar maple, beech, walnut and ash timber naturally and is hilly, Ans. — This is a swmdling game from first to last. The pecan is not well adapted to any part of Ohio, but the trees of some varieties will grow even farther north. The trou- ble is that the really valuable varie- ties will not mature their nuts there, and some of the best are not hardy in tree. I have seen pecan trees, fully 20 years old, that had been planted on the hills not far Jrom Cincinnati that had never borne a nut. One dollar per tree is not too high for good budded or grafted pecan trees of the right varieties, but they should be planted in the richest bottom lands of the cotton growing region. The plan of this sharper is to get his dupes to pay him 50 cents cash each for trees that will surely be seedlings and of little real value if planted anywhere, and his agreement to bear the cost of the other 50 cents is all gam- mon. His promise to care for the trees for the first 10 jeaxs and get his pay from half the crop of nuts borne is all nonsense, for there will be nothing to divide, nor does he expect anything. He will get a hundred times the value of the trees when they are set, and the shadow of this rascal will not darken the soil there after he has worked the neigh- borhood thoroughly. Set the dogs on him.— H. E. V. D. in Rural New Yorker. Curious Mexican Trees. The Mexican government has been conducting a series of experiments with the cotton tree. The tree was discovered growing wild in the State of J alisco five years ago, and on be- ing domesticated, thrived exceeding- 1}'. Several hundred bales of cotton were produced last year by the orig- inal discoverer who has planted many acres. The texture of the cotlon is similar to the cotton grown in this country, excepting that it has a longer fiber, and is of higher grade. The linaloa tree, which grows near the base of Mt. Colima, yields an 124 THE NUT essence which is much esteemed as the base for delicious perfumes. The odor of the yellow-hued wood when cut is somewhat similar to a mixture of the lemon and jasmine, and it never loses its fragance. It is pre- pared for distillation by being reduc- ed to chips and yields a yellow liquid which serves as the perfume base. — California Fruit Grower. Peanuts. From The Ladies' World. Peamats in their growth are the antithesis to pecans, walnuts, butter- nuts, chestnuts, hickory nuts, etc., for they mature underground. They are often called the ground-nut or earth-nut. The seed of the peanut came orig- nally from Brazil; they are largely produced in Africa, but nowhere does the nut grow in such perfec- tion as in the tidewater sections of North Carolina and Virginia. The healthfulness of the peanut is gener- ally conceded by the medical frater- nity, and large quantities of them are converted into food products for invalids in sanitariums, especially for dyspeptics. Many and varied are the uses of the peanut. The oil is used for sal- ads, confectionery and in the manu- facture of soap. Peanut-butter is relished by every body who likes the flavor of the nut. A food for cattle is made bj' forming these nuts into cakes, and hogs are fattened before killing-time by allowing them to root in the fields after the crop is harvested. New uses for nuts as a food will come as the supply increases, but they are already recognized almost as a necessity. Nuts as food. From Dr. Noe's Article in Western Magazine. Nuts are an invaluable article of food, and if more nuts and less meats were daily consumed there would be less cancer and rheuma- tism. They are full of organic fats and are delicious as well as whole- some. They are not as expensive as meat, for a few nuts will satisfy a taste that is not abnormal, and will give more nourishment than twice the same amount of meat. They are quickly and easily digested even by people who say they cannot eat oily things. Nuts have been considered as heavy and indigestible, but this is not true. They are a highly nu- tritious food, and being full of fats and taken upon a full stomach are very naturally too much for the al- ready overloaded stomach to take care of, and of course they cause in- digestion. Most people eat nuts af- ter a big dinner, and this is what makes trouble. Try a little fruit and nuts for your noonday meal and see how fine they are and how well you can digest them. Experiments conducted by gov- ernment experts point to the conclu- sion that sound, well-seasoned nuts eaten at the proper time are highly- nutritious and not indigestible, as is generally supposed. They claim that one pound of nut kernels con- tain as much muscle-producing ma- terial and as much fuel as one pound of wheat flour.— F. E. F. in The La- dies' World. THE NUT-GROWER 125 Boon NOTICES. Rl»ien's Pecan Culture for Western Texas. This work has been expected for some time and merits a careful read- ing by all progressive growers, and particularly by those m Western Texas. The author relies on his own experiences for the data he sends out in this form. As he is esteemed for his able and conscien- tious work for the industry, the work can hardly fail to be of much value. We shall have occasion to refer to various matters found in the volume in subsequent issues, and content ourselves at this time by calling attention to the clipping from the Dallas News on another page, referring to the work. "Ten Texas Topics" is the title of a 60-page pamphlet, issued by the Passenger Dept. of Southern Pacific R. R. The pecan is one of these topics, and is treated by Mr. E. W. Kirkpatrick, of McKinney, Tex. The work is illustrated and has a cut of Prof. Stevater's famous clus- ter of 75 pecans. Write him at Houston, Texas, for a copy. ..Beean pulture.. By E. B. R1SIEN, Sao Saba, Texas. Profusely iHustrated from Na- ture. Budding and Grafting. Seedling Pecans. SelectionJ of Seed. Seed for the Orchard. Dis- tances for Planting. Soil; trans- planting; breeding; varieties; ar- tificial fertilization; hybrids; en- emies, etc. Indexed. Mailed on receipt of SI .00. PROCEEDINGS -OF THE- Second Annual Convention -OF THE- National Nut-Growers' Association, HELD AT New Orleans, La., Oct. 25-31, 1903. [A 6o-page pamphlet, with Ad- dresses, Reports and Discussions, price 25 cents, can be obtained of J. F. Wilson, Secretary, Pou- lan, Ga.] This pamphlet contains a greater amount of interesting, reliable and up-to-date information regarding nut culture, particularly the pecan, than can be obtained in any pub- lication extant. The eighteen for- mal addresses and scientific papers are by men of recognized ability and experience, and cover a wide range of subjects of vital import- ance to the industry. About twenty reports of officers and committees give much new and valuable infor- mation. The synopsis of general discussions is of particular interest along various lines, and the book is certain to be of much practical value to those interested in this de- partment of Horticulture. 126 THE XUT-GROWER Texas Seed Pecan Co. FORT WORTH, TEXAS Dealers in Choicest Seed Pecans for Planting. Kstalilislied twelve years. Also Seedling and Crafted Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, both nuts and trees. Send for "Facts in a Nut Shell." Nuts for Profit. 158 Pages. 60 Illustrations. On propagation, cultivation, etc., of nuts best adapted to various sections. Price, postpaid, 5Cc. Testimonials free. Seeds. English Walnuts, Maderia. Japan Walnuts, Sieholdiana and Coriformis. Bj mail 25c per doz., $1.00 per 100. Jno. R. Parky, Parry P.O., N.J. Dec. 1 to April 1.=^, Orlando, Fla. * NO FARi ''^^^^ A GROVE OF Cheap Rates Southwest. Sontheast Missouri, Louisiana Ar- kansas and Texas. Komeseekers' Opportunities. Here's your chance. Very low one- way and round trip rates Southwest this ] winter — about half the regular fare, I twice a month — nearby dates are Jan. 5 I aud 19 and Feb. 3 and IG, 1904 Good time to visit Southeast Missouri, Arkan- sas, Louisiana or Texas and pick out a location. Round trip tickets permit stop-over on the going trip, return limit 31 days. Write and tell us your starting point and where you want lo go. We will tell you e.xactly what your ticket will cost, One way or round trip; we will see that your baggiige is checked, and that you are comfortably located on the right train. Write for our illustrated descriptive literature, maps, lists of real estate agents, and let us help v ou find a better home in the country along the Cotton Belt Route. Write today to N. B. .Baikd, T. p. a.. Cotton Belt Route, Atlanta, Ga. E W. La Beaume, G. P & T. A., Cotton Belt Route, iSt. Louis, Mo. SAFE SURE AND F>ROFITABI-B X They Are I GRIFFiNG'S CATftLOG I TELLS ABOUT THEM. % Twenty leading varieties of Pecans. ^ T Also a complete line of Fruit and O'-^ ♦ namental trees and shrubbery ♦ Catalogue Free. ^ Adare.ss %. THE GRIFPINQ BROS. CO. <' JACKSONVILLE. FLA. 4 The Stuart Pecan Co., Of Ocean Springs, Mississippi, are Headquarters for Reliable budded and graf- ted trees of choicest known varieties. SEND FOR PRICE LIST The Nut-Groaver Devoted to the Interests of the National Nut-Growers' Association Volume n. APRIL, 1904. Number 9. Tree Planting. B. J. Hunnicutt, in Southern Fruit Q-rower. The evil consequences of the wholesale destruction of the forests of America have aroused thinking men to the importance of trynig to undo some of this mischief. Hence forestry has become a popular study. But vre cannot enter that field in this brief article. We wish to speak | of two phases of tree planting that are important to every citizen of this country. Planting trees on the farm should be a regular part of each farmer's work and study. A good fruit bear- ing tree costs no more time to set out, nor room to grow in, than a worthless, and often unsightly, tree. Every farm should have trees about the yard and lots, and along the roadway. If a pecan tree were put every fifty feet, and between each of these two or more pears, apples, plums or peaches, every family would be supplied with good fruit and the home would be made attractive. This would cost very little, and these trees will grow almost anywhere. The old time cedar, elm, water oak, poplar and other worthless trees are occupying too much valu- able space. The pecan is about the best shade tree that can be found. At the same time it is a valuable fruit and timber tree, A^ain, and important, perhaps, the streets of every town, city and village should be set in the same manner as the farm. The present trees are planted for shade alone. If the tree gives shade and bears fruit both it is that much better. The argument that the boys would steal the fruit is too trifling to con- sider seriously. If there were plen- ty for everyone, who would care? Many towns could get revenue suf- ficient to pay all of their expenses from the shade trees and be prettier than at present. The educative effect of such tree planting would be very fine. Chil- dren would be more honest and truthful, because they would be less tempted. They would be more provident and economical, because they would be taught the value of streets and odd places. The eye would be constantly trained to beau- ty and utility combined. 130 THK NUT- Now to make a success of the | planting is easy if we go at it right. 1 Take dynamite and blow out the j hole and then put some good top j earth around the tree and they will j grow faster and live longer and bear i more fruit than if set in a little hole scooped out of the hard clay. | In order to have the trees bear well and the fruit of the first quali- ty, use potash freely around their roots. We have seen pecan trees, pear trees and other trees that did not bear much fruit, made to bear abundantly by throwing plenty of soapsuds around their roots. But we can not have soapsuds enough for all of our ti'ees. It Avas the potash that made them bear, and we can g t potash cheap in the market and it will pay us to use it. It causes the trees to be healthy and able to resist diseases and insects. The trees being healthy, bloom bet- ter and yield more fruit, and the fruit is larger and better flavored. The appearance of the fruit and the flavor are matters of great import- ance, especially to those who sell it. We hope to see a great improve- ment in setting trees, and in the care of the trees after they are set. The beautiful vision of every man sitting under his own vine and fig tree need not be a thing of the imagination, but a living reality all over the land. Pecans. E. W. Kirkpatrick, in Ten Texas Topics. This nut belongs to the hickory family and, in its fine thin shell •GROOVER forms, is, by best authorities, con- sidered the finest nut known in com- merce. It is a natural growth of the Southern States, especially those States that touch the Gulf of Mexico. Texas probably contains more wild trees than all other States com- bined. The Texas nuts are famous for their fine quality, thinness of shell, and rich, delicately flavored meat. Texas furnishes the principal sup- ply of pecans in commerce, averag- ing from 200 cars to 500 cars an- nually. The greater supplj' appears to come out over the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific railroads, and San Antonio and Bronwood appear to be the larger shipping points. The future possibilities of improv- ing the pecan and the increase of its supply in unlimited. The de- mands for this nut in its finer forms are most alluring, and princely for- tunes await those who intelhgently and persistently pursue this work. The rich alluvial soil along all Southern streams is the natural home of the pecan. The highlands in many large areas are also well adapted to its growth. The pecan appears well adapted to soil and climate throughout the Southern States, and as far north as Illinois and Ohio. It remains in its wild forms with- out systematic cultivation and im- provement, such as has been given the Persian walnuts, chestnuts and other nuts of commerce. THE When the pecan has been care- fully improved by selecting the finer varieties, crossing and cultivating and improving for several genera- tions, it will become the leading nut in the world's market. It will command highest prices and will be used in various ways not dreamed of now. Its limited sup- ply forbids its use in unlimited quantities in the manufacture of NUT GROWKR 13J without injury to the grass or to the trees. The trees should be well estab- lished first and then there is no dan- ger of other plants preying upon them. Pecan growing and live stock farming supplement each other with- out any additional investment in land. The model live stock farm in , Texas is set with fine grafted paper highest grade machine oils, butter ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^.^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ and rare toilet soaps and also con fectionery and other edible and high priced articles. The oil, the meal and milk manufactured from the pecan would enter largely in culi- nary uses and supplant many infer- ior articles which are now used. The improved pecan nut and its products woald constitute the rich- est, purest and most wholesome of all foods. The keeping qualities of the finer varieties of pecans when stored in diy air and uniform temperature are much in its favor. When trees are grown at proper distances and trained with low aeads, the gather- ing becomes quite easy. When we have produced large quantities of uniform and thin shell nuts, clean- ing machiner}' will be constructed to do the work at a very cheap rate compared with the present practice of hand cleaning. The pecan can be grown in pas- ture and meadow land with no in- jury to the pasture or hog crop. Alfalfa, Bermuda or J ohnson grass grows well under the large trees and other grasses — part being used for pasture and remainder for hogs, thus growing two crops simultan- eously upon the same land. The alfalfa will grow the cheapest and finest pork, beef, milk, butter, cheese, honey, fowls, horses, mules, sheep and goats, while the pecan and its manufactured products will fur- nish the richest, finest and most natural food for mankind. If the finest and most prolific va- rieties of pecans are grown, the pro- duct of the trees will be more valu- able than all of the other crops combined. Wild trees of the finer types are producing annual crops which sell at twenty-five to fifty dollars each at wholesale, whereas if the owner of these trees had sufficient quantity to attract buyers, or if the growers knew how io place these finer pecans on the market, they would often re- ceive more than one hundred dollars for the annual product of a single tree of these finer kinds. The longevity of this tree gives guarantee to perpetuity in an invest- 132 T H K -N UT- CxK OW E R ment, and this fact establishes the superiority of the pecan over ail other fruit trees. Once established, the pecan or- chard remains for ages. Many wild trees, supposed to be live hundred 3'ears of age, are constantly increas- ing in size and in f ruitf ulness. Those who delight in permanency, in build- ing for the future, in leaving land- marks to cheer and bless those who are to follow, will find most fascina- ting emploj'ment in planting and improving the pecan. Mr. Burbank and other high hor- ticultural authorities testify that the improved pecan is the most valuable of all nuts, and that Texas is the favored natural home of the pecan ; that the walnuts, the chestnuts or any other nuls can never be com- petitors with the pecan. This authority says that "the best and most profitable way of growing walnuts in California is that of cut- ting away the top of well estab- lished wild walnut trees and graft- ing or budding fine walnuts into the stumps of these wild trees." This same authority gives it as their opinion that the best way for quick and profitable results in Texas will be found by cutting away the tops of wild pecan trees and grafting or budding with the finer sorts. But it is not a question of opinion longer. We have demonstrations in many parts of this country, showing both large and small trees convert- ed by budding, and which are now paying the owners handsomely, and these trees are valued at more than one hundred dollars each. There are millions of wild pecan trees of little or no value which can be easily converted, and which will quickly grow into the most valuable and permanent property in this country. Thousands of people all over this country who are now engaged in de- stroying pecan timber, are insensible to their losses in the destruction of their most valuable allies. The growth of pecan trees in con- nection with alfalfa or other grass crops increases the fertility of the soil, builds it up and makes it more valuable continually, while the com- mon method of destroying the trees and planting in cotton or grain crops decreases the fertility of the soil, and makes it valueless finally. One system builds up the soil, the other destroys the soil. With the destruction of the soil, goes the de- struction of our race, our all. The system that builds up our soil, builds up our race, our institu- tions, our all. One system leads to growth and perpetuation, the other to loss and ubliteration. The better system also leads to better annual returns than does the destructive system. The soil and seasons are more generous to those who replenish them than to those who despoil them. All these statement are verified by the experience of all who are en- gaged in modern stock farming, or in dairying, as compared with those THE iVUT GROT\^ER 133 who raise crops which are sold di- rect to the market. These state- ments are also verified in the exam- ple of all nations and people who have destroyed the trees and the The method cf propagation of trees, the locations, the soils, etc. are all small questions as compared with the selection of varieties. The standard of size, bhape, color, grasses. These nations have dropped ! quality and flavor, also the thinness out, have vanished, just as we will i of shell of nuts, is yet undetermined. vanish if we do not change the pres- ent destructive tendencies. The selection of varieties and the The hardiness, vigor and fruitful- ness of tree is also a question for debate. Seeking the most valuable methods of propagation of the pecan known variety for any given loca- so as to secure quickest, surest and tion is of prime importance. Plac- most remunerative returns are ques- ing a premium for sample of most tions of much importance to those j valuable nuts will often locate trees who are interested. Many erroneous statements, mis of great value, trees worthy of prop- agation. leading and unwarranted, have wide; Trees of the sane variety are not circulation and area great detriment j generally suited to both moist and to the pecan growing business. Those who wish to avoid disap- pointment might do well to remem- ber that seedling pecans will not, with any certainty, reproduce them- dry climates, nor to both cold and hot climates. The greatest wealth will be de- rived from varieties j'et undiscover- ed. The work of selection, crossing selves. The only way to obtain a and cultivation is the most impor- uniform grade of pecan nuts, in | tant of all. quantity, is by budding or by graft- ing. The methods of doing this work are described minutely in govern- ment bulletins, in books and in agricultural papers. By making ap- plication to the pomological division Young men with laudable ambi- tion to become famous and to win distinction for both wealth and honor can find most fruitful oppor- tunity in the work of growing, culti- vating and improving the pecan. This nut is successfully' worked or of state or of national government, grafted upon the natural hickory of information can be obtained. Those who have the energy and elements of success will need but little infor- mation, especially after they have visited and viewed the successful work of such men as Mr. Sam H. James, Mound, La. ; C. Falkner, Waco, Texas, or E. E. Risien, San Saba, Texas. our forest, thus giving unlimited op- portunity to easily and cheajjly double, many times over, the value of our hills and valleys. Adaptability of Varieties. By H. S. Graves, of Gainesville, Fla. There is one point regarding the exhibition of pecans at the meetings 134 THK NUT of the National Nat-Growers' Asso- ciation that I think is overlooked - the showing of same varieties from various sections of the pecan grow- ing region. Many are inclined to think that if a good exhibit of any one variety is made, if from one lo- cality only, that is sufficient. This IS surely a mistake. There is a vast difference in central Florida and western Texas, and north to Tennes- see and Kentucky, and it has already been proven that many of the Coast raised nuts are not adapted to the drier sections ; and to just what ex- tent this is applicable can only be brought out by making careful com- parisons of the nuts, the growth of tree, and yield, from the various lo- calities. We will thus find if "Stuart" or "Van Deman," or any of the kinds we now propagate and call standard, are best adapted over a wide range of territory, or are at their best in some particular locality and where. Let us, in applying the Code of Nomenclature and Standards as laid down by the Society of American Pomology, go a little farther and arrange to tabulate each variety of pecan as soon as it has proven its best adaptability to a certain loca- tion and condition. The Nelson Pecan. By "Wm. Nelson, New Orleans, La. Within the last six or seven years there has been some fine varieties of pecans introduced and propagated by nurserymen. The Nelson Pecan -OROWKR is without doubt the finest so far in- troduced. It is the largest — some specimens weighing nearly one ounce ; full meated ; quality the very best ; me- dium thin shell. The tree is of quick growth, an early and abun- dant bearer. Habit of growth somewhat like the Frotscher, form- ing a beautiful round-headed tree. Trees should be planted at least seventy feet apart, as they will quite cover that space of ground. The original tree is now about fifteen years old. Planted about 13 years ago. Has borne four crops that I know of. I have had this tree under observation for the last four years. I am now satisfied it is the best pecan so far introduced. I intend propagating and planting it largely. Being the first, as far as I know, to sell budded or grafted pecan trees, the first to send out the three standard varieties, " Rome," " Cen- tennial " and " Frotscher," I am proud of being now able to send out under my own name the finest pecan I have ever seen. The nuts of this tree are greatly prized and jealously guarded by the present owner, who is a rich man, and I may not be able to get sam- ples of the nuts to send purchasers of trees, but I hope to have nuts of our own next year from a grafted tree we have, top grafted three years ago. THE >:UT-G ROWER 135 The Schley Pecan at New Orleans. By D. K Pierson, of Monticello, Fla. I have just received a copy of the proceedings of the New Orleans Convention, and would say that I think you are deserving of great credit for the exhaustive way in which you have compiled the same, and the neat appearance of the book I note, however, that the report of the committee on judging of the va- rieties exhibited at the Convention is lacking in what I consider a very vital point. The statement is made that the committee reported that the nuts on exhibition were for the most part too green to judge. You, as Secretary, will remember that there was one notable exception, and the report stated that the Schley was the only nut on exhibition ripe enough to judge, and also that in thinness of shell, plumpness and flavor of meat, cracking qualities, etc., it is as good a variety as we could hope to find. Now, Mr. Edi- tor, the fact that Schley was ripe and dry and in good eating condi- tion the last of October, while none of the other varieties exhibited were in that enviable condition, is, in my opinion, a great point, and one that planters of pecan orchards are much interested in. The demand for choice table pecans, such as Schley has proven to be, is very great and will grow as they become better known, and the grower who is able to get mature nuts on the market some time in advance of his neigh- bors will receive very fancy prices for them. Not only is this true, but the Schley may be safely planted farther north than many other va- rieties, with the assurance that they will mature before frost catches them. I trust that you will give space to this addition to the report in the next issue of the Nut-Gkower, as a number of the members have com- mented to me on the omission of above from the judges' report. Walnut Growing on the Pecan. By E. E. Risien, of San Saba. I want your readers to experiment in this line ; so in the way of en- couragement, would say that last year I succeeded in getting 18 inches growth from a bud of a choice va- riety of the English walnut set in July on a pecan. This union was some 5 feet from the ground. I would not risk it exposed to the se- verity of our winters, so built a box around it, which was filled with cot- ton seed. Sure enough all the wood exposed above the cotton seed was killed. However, I am hoping, in due time, to secure a large enough growth to pass through our winters without protection. Seedlings se- cured from this combination of stock and scion may be expected to be much hardier than walnuts grown on their own roots. Extract from Proceedings : Mr. E. W. Kirkpatrick, of Texas, said : " The effects of what we are now doing are so vast and far-reaching that we cannot really appreciate the greatness of the enterprise." 136 The Nut=Qrower. Published monthly at Poulan, Ga , by THE NUT GROWER COMPANV. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Poulan, Ga., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. THE :N'UT-aROWER coming up is made easy by setting cuttings of different kinds at fre- quent intervals along the row when planting seed. This enables one to follow the row at any time, even with flat surface of seed bed. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: inch 1 time $1.00 1 inch 3 times $^.50 ^».j,gel " 3.00 i4i)age3 " 7.5o /i page 1 " 5.50 >2 page 3 " 13.75 1 page 1 " 10.00 I page 3 " 3.5.00 The American Association of Nurserymen, meets in Atlanta, Ga., June 22nd and 24th. 1904. We give place to the introdu- cer's description of the Nelson Pe- can in this number. In a future issue we expect to show cuts of this nut, made from photographs, showing exact size. The proceedings of last Conven- tion are valuable to other than nut growers. A number of copies have been purchased by hotel man- agers at St. Louis, the names and address of members being thus easily obtained. The official announcement for the third annual convention of the National Nut-Growers Association is expected to appear in our May number, considerable preliminary work on arrangement and program is already under way. Cultivating the pecan seed bed before and during time seed is The advertisers who use the Nut-Growek are accomplishing more than simply bringing their stock into favorable notice. They support the publication, and make it possible to promote the industry along safe and profitable lines, and keep the Association in such effi- cient working shape that great benefit to many is sure to be the logical result. /. s nut orchards attain a growth that prevents the use of the land for farm crops, they become ideal ranges for poultry of all kinds, with indirect advantages to the trees, and no damage to or interference with harvesting the crop of nuts. We expect to hear, in the near future, of this adjunct to nut grow- ing being utilized by some wide awake nut grower. A move will probably be inau- gurated soon to take a census of the Stuart Pecan ; that is, to learn the number, location, age, product and value of all the budded and grafted trees of this popular vari- ety. Such data can be used in various ways to great advantage, and should the contemplated plans meet with a fair measure of sue- THE NUT GROWER 137 cess, it will be applied to other meritorious varieties. Many new features of the nut growing industry are coming into view, which will claim attention at the hands of officers and mem- bers of the Association. One of them is brought out by Mr. Graves, of Florida, in this number — the adaption of varieties to the most suitable location. This matter was recently under discussion at a con- ference of our officers, and some plans bearing on the subject may be exploited at the St. Louis Con- vention. Among the letters coming to hand while making up this number, is one from Florida, which says : "There are doubtless a number who might help in the matter (sup- port of the Nut-Growkr) by giv- ing an item occasionally, and so help to keep up the interest in a publication we cannot afford to dispense with." This is a double header, for it not only pays a high compliment to the Nut-Grower, but shows a way to give it valuable assistance. Encouragement will help any enterprise or individual when it comes from a recognized source of candor and experience. We feel like taking a firmer grip on the work when we find in our mail passages like the following, which comes from Louisiana: "I fully appreciate the great influence the Nut-Grower has and has had in promoting the pecan industry. It is fully deserving all the encour- agement and support of those who are interested in pecan culture." Mistakes are sometimes not dis- covered in time to prevent injury to unoffending parties. Mr. A. M. Garrett, of Logansport, La., one of our earliest subscribers and a member of the Association, is a recent victim. On investigating the cause of his not receiving pro- ceedings of our New Orleans Con- vention, it was found that his name had not been engrossed on Associ- ation register, and consequently failed to appear in the Badge Book as well as in the roll of members in the Proceedings. The importance of nut culture is coming to the public attention in various places and in diflFerent ways. The following bill although in advance of sufficient public sup- port to secure its passage, still shows the trend of sentiment in the right direction. The Nut- Grower has some appreciative readers in Massachusetts, and we are glad to note so important a movement as the introduction of this bill : "An act to authorize the planting of nut-bearing trees by the State Board of Agriculture. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Gen- eral Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : Sec. I. The state board of agricul- 138 THE IS^UT ture may expend in each year a sum not to exceed five thousand dollars for the purpose of procur- ing and planting such nut-bearing trees as are of recognized value both for their lumber and fruit products, such trees to be planted upon lands owned or controlled by the Commonwealth, and to be dis- tributed in the discretion of the board, without charge, to such farmers and other persons as may desire to plant the same, and upon such conditions as the said board may fix. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage." Report of Cofiimittes oti Ethics. Read lay H. C. White, Chairman, at Sec- ond Annual Convention. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentle- men : The Committee on Ethics begs to report as follows : The work of the committee during the past year has been largely of an investigative na- ture. Your committee has information in its possession concerning irregu- lar and fraudulent operations seri- ously affecting the nut growing in- dustry, but we deem it imprudent to give details in this report, as the ends of justice may be better con- served by withholding the names of parties at this moment. It has come to the knowledge of your committee that the growth of the industry is likely to be severely checked if the dishonest nurserymen or the dishonest or ignorant sales- -G ROWER man is not eliminated, and we be- I'eve that many are deterred from planting nut trees on account of the rascality practiced by a few noto- rious offenders in the past. This committee should have at its dis- posal funds with which to investi- gate fraudulent operations and to put trailers on the track of those sus- pected of dishonest work. The attention of your committee has been called to the sometimes knowingly false and other times ig- "Qorant misrepresentation of some growers concerning the origin of some of the best known forms cf pecans. To claim to be the origi- nator and to so advertise causes many of the public to believe that genuine trees or propagating wood can only be obtained from so-called "originators," whereas practically all of the best known varieties are now widely distributed and genuine trees and wood may be obtained from many sources. The custom with some to re-name well known forms of pecans is to be strongly condemn- ed, and especially where done for misleading and dishonest purposes. The work of the committee is of a delicate and responsible nature, and there should be the closest co-opera- tion between all members of the As- sociation and this committee. Fraud and questionable practices which are likely to be detrimental to the in- dustry should be at once reported through the State Vice Presidents and Secretary, and no stone left un- turned to root out and expose all crooked work which menaces the THE XUT-G ROWER wide extension of so valuable an in- dustry. H. C. WHITE, SAM H. JAMES, THEO. BECHTEL, W. M. SCOTT. Loussiena State Horficyltura! Society. The meeting of the Louisiana State Horticultural Society in Garig Hall at the University, on February 11 and 12, was a very important event, even though only a few dele- gates were px-esent. The main ob- ject of the meeting was to organize the Society and get the wide awake horticultural men pulling together to the common end, that the horti- cultural products of Louisiana migh,t be more thoroughly studied and in formation about them be gathered, i H. James, Mound ; Maj 139 have been set. There will probably be a mid-summer meeting of the So- ciety some time in July, in Shreve- port, and measures will be taken to have a display of fruit of that sea- son. Louisiana needs a large and active Horticultural Society, and the outlook today is very promis- ing. A constitution was adopted and the followirg officers were elect- ed : President, A. K. Clingman, Keith- ville ; First Vice-President, Wm. Nelson, Jefferson Parish ; Second Vice President, R. S. Moore, Nao- mie ; Third Vice President, B. M, Young, Morgan City ; Secretary and Treasurer, F. H. Burnette, Baton Rouge. Executive Committee : S. J. G. Lee, published and disseminated. 1 Baton Rouge ; W. H. Todd, Gibs- The society was organized, officers | land. elected, the program carried out, and plans laid for the next meeting. The horticultural j^roducts of Louis- iana have not received the attention that they demand, and the lack of united effort among the growers of the state is responsible largely for this condition. There are paying commercial orange orchards, peach orchards, fig orchards, vineyards, berry farms, and truck patches in Louisiana, and when the farmers generally learn about them, their set- ting, cultivation and harvesting, it will be sure to encourage the plant- ing of home orchards and vineyards all over the state. Already the wheel has been put in motion, and in one section of the state alone about twenty thousaid peach trees These men are all deeply interest- ed in the various phases of horticul- tural work, and a permanent and strong association will surely follow. — The Demeter. Nuts. Quotations on nuts remain un- changed. "Walnuts are in very short supply. The walnut growers' asso- ciations are naming selling agents for the coming season, and orders will be booked, subject to confirma- tion when prices are named. Advices from most of the sections in which almonds are prodrced indicate an extremely short crop of this nut, owing to the t eavy rains during the blossoming pe" od. Walnut crop prospects look well so far, — Califor- nia Fruit Grower, 140 THE IsUT-GROWER Budding the Pecan. Great care must be taken in tak- ing the bud from the stock. Buds must be fresh, preferably cut the same day as used, protected from drying out while using", accurately fitted to the stock, firmly tied with strips of waxed cotton cloth, nicely smoothed over with the finger to exclude moisture, making them as nearly air-tight as possible. Unless very wet weather prevails at the time, nearly every bud will take. Placing the eyes on the north side of the tree will shade it somewhat. Some use dormant buds in spring. Cut buds as soon as they show signs of starting and use as soon as bark on the stocks will slip. Buds may be kept in condition for some time in cold storage, or be put away in moist sand in a cool place. — William Nelson, Louisiana. ing nuts, but are lighter than Orange county nuts. — Cal. Fruit Grower. California Walnuts Superior. A sample of French and Italian walnuts has been forwarded the local walnut association by United States consuls in those countries, and has been placed on exhibition, says Ana- heim Gazette. Samples include the well-known Grenoble nuts, as well as the French walnut, Naples and Marbot varieties. Thirty Orange county nuts weighed alongside the foreign importation show the local product to weigh three ounces more than the foreign nuts. The local nuts are better filled and in every way superior to the imported varie- ties. The importations are fine-look- Walnuts. English walnuts are common enough in the city markets. They are fine nuts, but not fine enough to exclude the native American Black walnut from commerce. It is im- possible to get the black walnut un- less especially ordered from the country. It is not shown in the city among nuts. Many persons are very fond of the rich meat of the common black walnut. The flavor is quite distinct from that of any other nut. Walnut trees are too valuable to cut for ordinary timber. They make the ground on which they grow ex- ceedingly valuable. Therefore it is logical reasoning that the trees are not lacking. The yield of one large walnut tree will average six or seven barrels of nuts after the husks, or rinds, have been taken off. There- fore, for more reasons than one, there must be plenty of nuts in the country, and the wonder is, that they are not introduced into com- merce, side by side, with the pecan, almonds and English walnuts. The shell is hard and thick, requiring a hammer to break it, but cracked wal- nuts could very well be put on the market. There is a way to crack walnuts so that the nuts do not fall to pieces, but taken in hand, may be easily laid open. No nuts are better flavored and none richer. They keep perfectly sound from fall to spring, and yet sweet and delicious from long keeping. THE :SIJT GKOWEK 141 Persons in the city, having enjoy- [ of nuts to one pint of flour, half a ed country life, would be sure to teaspoonful of salt, and enough cold patronize the sale of walnuts. It is not uncommon to see them brought in, by special orders, from country places to city residents, who have ordei'ed them sent. Black walnuts always made good cheer on the old plantation all through the winter.- - G. T. D. in Southern Fruit Grower. Is it a Tresk? Is it common to have pecan buds to bloom the first season after insert- ing them in the stocks ? I noticed a few days ago a number of blooms on buds of Columbian that were put in last fall and were dormant until this spring. As I have never noticed it before I concluded that it is something out of the ordinary. I have many grafts to bloom and bear nuts the first season and of course think nothing of it and shall watch these buds closely to see if they fruit this season. D. L. Pierson. water to moisten for rolling; pro- ceed as with ordinary pie-crust. — Ladies' World, Prof. H. Harold Hume, Vice-Pres- ident for Florida, stated that there are ten thousand bearing trees in Florida ; these produce about half a bushel to the tree, say about 4,646 bushels a year ; calculating at $4 50 per bushel, or 10c. per pound, the pecan crop of Florida is worth about $21,359 annually. The produce is sold almost entirely in the state. The largest orchard in Florida is that of Dr. J. B. Curtis, of Orange Hei ^hts, which has five hundred bearing trees. The nut from Florida is equal to any you can get hare or in Alaba- ma.—From Proceeedings. STUART=ROBSON PECAN COMPANY. Growers and dealers in large Soft and Paper Shell Pocans. Growers of the celebrated varieties, Columbian, Stuart, Van Deman and Capital. Budded, Grafted or Seedling trees for sale Address either Ocean Springs, Miss. Kirltwood Ca. The Florida Nut Nurseries. MONTICELLO, FLA. Nut Pastry. Many lovers of pastiy have to fore- go its delights on account of dys- pepsia that lurks in its wake ; others taboo pastry on vegetarian princi- ples. Experiment has shown that excellent pastry for all kinds of pies, tarts and turn-overs can be made with ground nuts for shortening in- stead of lard or other fat. English walnuts, pecans and hickorynuts give the best results, and they should be mashed in a mortar and then put through a sieve. Allow one cupful J. F. JONES = Man'gr. Growers of Fancy and Rare Varieties. (BY GRAFTING.) Embracing the more important na- tive and' exotic species. Don't over- look us if you want the best in this line. Our motto "The very best both in varieties and quality of stock 142 TIIK NUT-GROWER Bechtel's Pecan Nurseries Wholesale and Retail Theo. Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Miss. AND NOTHING BUT PECANS. Best Varieties. HARTWELL NURSERIES-=^- ^proSor. HARTWELL, CA. Send for Catalogue. Established 1882. Pecans- Gainesville Nurseries of Gainesville, Fla., Make a specialty of Budded and Grafted Pecan Trees of standard varieties. Send tor free Price List and "Hints on Pe<;an Culture." Nut and Other Trees. In Immense Quantities for Fall De- livery. PIcCANS— Grafted, budded and Seedling, WALNUTS—Japan and English. Chestnuts, Peaches, Apples, Plums, Pears, Cherries, Crapes, Small Fruits, Roses, Shade Trees and Shrubs. All true to name, free from disease and first (^lasci in every respect. Send for catalog. P. J. Berckmans Co. (Inc.) FRUITLAND NURSERIES, Kstablished ier.6. AUGUSTA, GA. 400 acres. 60,000 feet of glass. PROCEEDINGS H. S. QRWES, Prop. Qainesvllle, Fla. NUT TREES. 4 Sieboldil Walnuts, 4 Cordiformis $1.00 4 Japanese Chestnut, 4 Spanish Chestnut. . 1.00 4 Pecans, 4 Butternuts 1.00 I Grafted Pecan, 3 Maudsc.'iurica Walnuts . . 1.00 4 English Walnuts, 4 Blact Walnuts 1.00 All 1-year, 4 to 6 inches. The above 36 trees for $4. .50, by mail or express (prepaid). Send for catalogue. OAK LAWN NURSERY, HUNTSVILLE . ALA. fcean Sulturc. By E. E. RISIEN, Saa Faba, Texas. Profusely illustrated from Na- ture. Budding and Grafting Seedling Pecans. Selection'' of Seed. Seed for the Orchard. Dis- tances for Planting. Soil ; trans- planting; breeding; varieties; ar- tificial fertilization; hybrids; en- emies, etc. Indexed. Mailed on receipt of $1.00. Second AnNual Convention National Nut-Growers' Association. Held at New Orleans, La., Oct. 28-31, 1903. [A 60-page pamphlet, with Ad- dresses, Reports and Discussions, price 25 cents, can be obtained of J. F. Wilson, Secretary, Pou- lan, Ga.] '.I This pamphlet contains a greater amount of interesting, reliable and up-to-date information regarding nut culture, particularly the pecan, than can be obtained in any pub- lication extant. The eighteen for- mal addresses and scientific papers are by men of recognized ability and experience, and cover a wide range of subjects of vital import- ance to the industry. About twenty reports of officers and committees give much new and valuable infor- mation. The synopsis of general discussions is of particular interest along various lines, and the book is certain to be of much practical value to those interested in this de- partment of Horticulture. The Nut = Grower. Devoted to the Interests of the National Nut-Crowers' Association Volume II, MAY, 1904. Number 10. Ethics in Selling: Seed Pecans. The fancy prices now easily ob- tfiined by growers of the best standard varieties of Pecan nuts such as "Stuart," "Russell," and others of equal value, for seed purposes, will pooner or later de- mand consideration from an ethi- cal stan'ipoint. The writer is not a member of the Associatio'i's Committee on Ethics, neither has he any com- plaint to make, aiad knows ol no objection beiag made to the nu- me''ous transactions in which those varieties are sold ot $2 00 cr more per pound. However, the fact cannot be disiguised that purchasers pay these prices expecting to harvest nuts of the same quality. It has been conclusively dem- onstrated that the pecan, only in rare instances, will reproduce it- self, and that from a single plant- ing of apparently identical nuts, from the same tree, there will be produced a wide range of varie- ties, downward, from the charac- ter of seed planted. There will bo good, bad and indifferent nuts, with a sprinkling of barren trees in the lot. It ma> be several years before complaints are made, but they are sure to come as soon as trees reach bearing age. Now is the time to protect the industry, and the novice should have due consideration at our hands. The expediency ot planting only budded and grafted trees of known character and value is so well established that the selection of seed nuts for growing nursery stock has become an important feature of the work in itself. It has n )t been shown that the choice varieties which command so high a price, are supf^rior for seed purposes to the smaller, plump nuts, used so largely by nurserymen for this purpose, which can be obtained in great quantity at twenty- five cents, or less, per pound. Wo cannot afford to counte- nance a policy for those just en- tering the business which is so different from our own practice. The fact that purchasers want the fine varieties for seed ; are willing 146 the: nut to pay the price, and take the chances of their cominc; true, doep not alter thn situation. The pro- bierrt needs to he faced, squarely an(f>promply, from an equitaVjle as well as ethical standpoint. There is another asppct of this situation, which must appeal fSreeably to all our growers, and tha.f is the obtaining of due re- cognition of the superiour value oif'i'pedigree nuts in the open mar- kets. While tlip entire cro]) is so-ld for seed purjjoses, there is no stjook with which a select market demand can be created. We are already up to the point where* ef- icu'ts should be mad(i ii. this di- rifction, for the present j)ricps for sepd purposes must decline, ex- cept as maintained by dt^alers wlio profit on the credulity of their patrons. The rapid increa^?f of crops of nuts from budded and grafted tress will soon afford » supply equa! to demand for this miss-use of tliem, and naturallv result in lower pric^^s. Tlius the matter is up to the grower to take steps for obtaining in tlie open market the rHmun3rative prices which thev merit in th(^ regular trade. For the purpose of illustratii g the' point in question, we will claim that the standard varieties, which bear the approval of our committee on standards, are worth five times as much as the common nuts. lu (4her words, wheii the common nut sells for ten cents per pound, the pedigree nut GROWER should demand fifty cents. Now this difference in price must even- tuall}- rnst permanently in the demonstrated actual difforence in value, and right here isono of the ways in which the National Nut Growers' Association comes to the assistance of the grov^ers in dem- onstrating values, and in creating" markets for its members, which will gi.'G tlinm thf* highest legiti- mate price for their products. It is no easy task to build up sucli a desirable trade on this line. Skill, time and money will he required, but whore there is a will there is a way. .««• Third Annual Convention An-^ nouncement. Til the members of tiie National Nut-Growers' Association, and all interested in the industry. It is with ]3eculircr ple»surK thai, I announce the holding of our Third Annual Oouvenlion at 8aint Louis, Mo., October 2Gth to 2Sth, 1904. Our previous gatherings at Ma- con, Ga., and New Orleans, La., were epocs iu the history of this moFt important industry, and we have reason to expect that the Saint Louis meeting- will riv«».l them in attendance and interest. We expect all our members who possibly can, to be present. We cordially invite the public to at- tend our popular meetings, which will be held in a spacious hall on the Exposit;ion grounds, and will ■the: nut- welcome all interested in the work to the business sessions. But few people realize the vast resources of our country for the growing of immense forrests of nut-bearing trees, yielding fabu- lous wealth in luxurious froadcast to peas in Jun(^ and liarvest the vines in September. This keeps the trees in excellent heaUh and vigor, and leave? the land m good shape for harvesting In all three inetliods I use ne- gro womnn and children to pick up the pecans, paying about 75 cents a hundred, they like the work, and make double as much a* they could picking cotton. Thn first method is to send a man up thu trens with loi^.g poles, and have him thresh the pecans down. This is done early in the s'-^ason, when prices are high, and when they first open. Tliis meth- od injures some of the o^ore deli- cate varieties, such as Russell and James, but thrifty varieties like GROVv/EIR Moi^ey-Maker and Pabst, it seems to do no harm to. The second method is to wait until after the first heavy frost, which usually occurs early in No- vember, and when the nuts be- come lo.)SP 10 the hulls, then send a man up tlu; tree and have him shake the limbs. This I have found the most satisfactory meth- od. You gnt the main proptirtion of the crop in November. The last method is to liave a good wt)ven wire fence around your grrve, and let the winds and the law of gravitation bring your pecans to the ground. I usel all tliese method"^, and find they work well. All that talk about using baloonsand com- pressed air and hydralic power is all nonsense. While the demand for pecans is greater '>efore the holidays, still for the man who knows how to advertise and build up a trade, there will be a sale for them at aP .seasons. I sell eating pecans every dayin the year. Wayside Notes. The re])ort of the committee on standard and nomenclature, ren- dered and approved by the Na- tional Nut-Growers, in session in New Orleans, 1908, wr.s complete 80 far as promulgated. The association is young, and it is only by careful nursing and safe gua'ding the pecan interest that it will develop into a com- mercial power, and a source of revenue to ihose who ei;ter into the: nut- that line of business. It is only an industrious, patient person who is brave enough, or has faith enough to cast his money upon the waters, and undertake to build up a pecan grove to the money making point, for after laboring, watching and waiting for ten or fifteen years for results, to find disappointments, time and labor lost. The nurseryman offering for eale young grafted or budded trees requires th& purchaser to put up one-half the purchase price before eiitorins^j order, balance before shipment is made. This may be all right on the pprt of the vender, to the writer it looks a little cne- sidf d. Suppose at the end of five (>v six years, vvhen the trees come into bearing, the nuts are of an inferior quality from those furn ished, wtiat recourse has the pur- chaser on the seller? I answer — none whatever. Would it not be well for the association to take up that subject and adopt measures of mutual interest to both seller and buyer? With each sale or shipment of young trees should be accompanied nuts of standard type and variety of those sold, with a certificate guaranteeing to make good to purchaser any loss he may have sustained m such a transaction. Young man, old man, before entering into the pecan business, heed well the proverb of the pio- neer Kentuckian (Davy Crockett) "be sure you are right, then go ahead." GRONA/EIR 149 Plant onlv the best known va- rieties of grafted or budded plants this year. Plant each succeeding year. You shall then have done well for those who survive you. D. Galbreath. The Fruit Tree Agent. By S. N Clingman, of Louisiana, at Nut-Grow- ers' Conventiou, 1903. The above title is the one gen- erally accepted for the traveling salesman of nursery stock. Most all commercial business is now done through traveling sales- men, and it is generally conceded that if you want business you must go after it, and the fruit tree and nut b'lsiness is largely conducted on this basis. It is claimed by good authority that eight-tenths af all fruit trees are sold through traveling sales- m.!i. He goes everywhere that man inhabits. He calls on the rich and poor alike, and many a family enjoys the blessing of an orchard today who would be with- out fruit if some energetic agent had not labored with him, show- ing the luxury, pleasure and pro fit that is derived from fruit cul- ture. The intelligent profession- al traveling salesman is the best posted man we have on the differ- ent varietias of fruit and nuts, their adaptability to the various conditions of soil and climate. He sees the growing and fruiting under all conditions, and is bet- ter prepared to furnish a customer with the varieties of fruit trees 150 THE NUT and nnts suited to the planter's condition than even the nursery- man himself, it he is not person- ally on the ground. We admit that the tree agent has been known to probably over color in his description, an-l in some instances may have acted fraudulently, but in what other business has not the eami; been done. It is the precious stones and metals that are counterfeited, not worthless pebbles and bruss. It is not alone through sales- men that mistakes and even frauds •ire practiced, but nurseries who do not emplov agents havn been known to make gross errors, ai'd even practice fraud on their custt Albany, Ga., found that only one side of his famous tree was killed by a stroko of lightning, he tliought himself secure in claiming the most dis- tinguished tree in the realm. He held the honor until Maj. Bacon c.'ime to the front with a rival claiment, showing wonderful vi- tality under different circum- stances. This tree, which was n large one and in bearing, was uprooted l\v a hurricane an send out in answer to inquiries for information in this particular. Recently we have modifyed our original {.dans and now begin the preparation of list for regular pub- lication in the Nut-Grower. This list will be left standing and additions made from time to time as new works are published. These books can be ordered direct from the publishers, or from the Mut-Grower. The actual food contents of nuts is attracting increased atten- tion, and deservedly so. An illus- THE NU tratJon, which never fails to inter- est any oue, is the burning- of a small piece of a nut kernel on the point of a knife. Just apply a match to it and see how surprised you will be. This not only dem oustrates the rich oil conatituents of the nut, but even shows the relative richness of different vari- eties by the length of time re- quired to consume the samples tested. <:^ The potential value of the bud- ded peoan tree gives some surpris- ing data. We recently examined a Frochter tree, which is produc- ing about 100 pounds a year These nuts, as far as they were sol'] at retail, brought 60 cents a pound. What is the tree worth now? Wnat will it bs worth when it is full grown? for it is now but twelve years old. It has alrea ly paid large dividends on a hundred times its cost. It haa been worth nmny times irs c. gill Fancher Creek Ncirseries Cata= logue. -GROWER trees and vines adapted to the soils of the Pacific States, Old Mexico, Porto Rico, South Ameri- ca, the Philipines, Australia, and the islands of the Pacific. Pro- bably no Pacific coaet nursery is belter equip5>ed to furnish a larger selection of dependable plants than this old established California i;.- stitutioii. The catalogue contains several novel features, including now methods of pruning nursery i trees for planting, and the arrange- I ment of botanical names and the alpiiabf'tical list of roses. No fruit grower or gardener cun af- ford to bo without a copy of this catalogue, which will be sent on receipt of 5c for postf»gt). — Cali- fornia Fruit-Growei . Decidedly a work of art is tli« timely, bands^ome and complete tenth annual c^italogue issued by the famous Fancher Creek Nurse- ries, of firesn:*, of which George C. Rooding, the originator of the Caiimyrna fig, is president and manager. The front page of the cover is embellished with a beauti- ful reproduction in colors of a true-to-life oil painting depicting a bunch of Emperor grapes re- duced, and luscious enough to eat. The outer page of the back cover contains a facsimile of an artistic oil paiLiting representing a collection of the celebrated Cai- imyrna figs true to nature. Be- tween theso handsome covers are included 112 pages of lavishly il- lustrated and fully descriptive text embracing all V5»rietie8 of Propagating Pecan Trees. Up to about 1880 all pecan trees set w'*r« seedlings, but about that time wide-awake jjrowers realized that Bome other method must be emp'oyed if a desirable nut v/as to te perfected. Fpw intelligpnt growers at pres- ent set seedling trees in their or- chards. They v.-at>t something definite, so set young trees worked up with the varieties desired. Our varieties liave all been chance seedlings and new varieties for some time to como will be the sf>me. It remains for nurserymen and pecan cranks to wcrk with seed- lings in quest of something new and desirable. Several methods of propagating are suited to th'j pecan. Crown the: nut-qroweir 1ST grafts, flute buds, ring buds and in case of old trees, top grafting, or lop budding, has been em- ployed. Very large trees have been top worked successfully, but the practice is not comoion. While pecan stock is usually used, hickory has been utilized. An IS-year-old graft upon birch on a tree with u good union is growing in St. Mai'v parish. — [F. H. Bur- netts, La. Exper. Sta. ^ — CATALOGUE flENTION. Catalosrue, Trade and Descriptive Lists, Prospectus, Etc., for Seasons of 1904-5 In this column, simple mention will be made of such publications as may be of interest to the industry. Those having special or novel features, will receive furthernotice, as circum- stances seem to warrant. Keep & Nelson Pecan Co., New Orleans, La. Description price list of Pecans. Four pages with illustration.^ of seven choice varieties. The Pecan and Its Culture. A handsome 24 page Booklet by S. W. Peek, Hartwell, Ga. The Pecan. Hints on planting and culture with price list. U. S. Graves, Gainsville, Fla. The Nelson Pecan. Introduces description of a new nut by Wm. Nelson, with cuts showing exact size. By Keep & Nelson Pecan Co., Station B., New Orleans, La. Buddlns' Prerequisites. Buds, Budding, Kruns-Raffia— Four pages. Alabama Nursery Co., Huntsville, Ala. The Standard Pecan Co., Unity Building, Bloomington, 111. Prospectus, IS pages, descriptive of plan for safe and profi- table investment in pecan plantations. Gainsville Nurseries. Of Gainsville Fla., Makes a specialty of Budded and Grafted Pe- can Trees of standard varieties. Send for free Price List and "Hints on Pecan Culture." notice: To World's Fair Visitors and Del= agates. M. S. GRAVES, Gainsville, Fla. We will meet you on arrival at Union StatSon and accompany you to our houses. Rooms witli breakfast $3.00 a day per person ; two per- sons $5.00 in our first-class houses ; $2 50 a day per person with breakfast; two persons $4.00 in second-class houses and $1.00 a day per per- son room only ; two in a room 75c each] meals 35c and upwards in third-class houses. All houses have bath, gas and other conveniences FREE. Linens changed daily. Our first-class houses are good as the Plant- ers' Hotel ; our second-class houses are as good as the Rozier; our third-class houses are good as the Inside Inn. All detached and absolute- ly fire from dangers by fire. If you care for your lives, beware of fire traps and if you care for your stomach, beware of hash houses. We invite you to give us a trial. Address, Main Office Laclede BIdg., Bell Phone 2318, or Branch Office 1835 Market St., Bell Phone 1781. MISSOURI RENTAL CO. ST. LOUiS, MO. —WE ARE THE— Pioneer Pecan Budders Of the State of Louisiana perhaps of the world. We have the three best varieties— Frotschers' Egg Shell, Rome and Centennial, And will have for the Spring of 1904 stock of trees of the largest Pecan in the world, Steckler's Mammoth. Place your orders early. We furnish buds, etc. Seeds a specialty. Catalogue free on application. J, STECKLER SEED CO, LTD,, (Richard Frotseher's Successors.) 518 to 526 Qravier St., NEW ORLEANS, - LA. ise the: nut BecMel's Pecan Nurseries, Wholesale and Retail Theo. Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Miss. ia^^**«««-.-AND NOTHING "©CaflS BUT PECANS. BEST var!e:tie:s. J^artwell TfurserieSj S. W. PE K, Proprietor, HARTWELL, GA. Send for Catalogue. Established 188'i. NUT TREES. 4 Sieboldii Walnut-, 4 Cordiformis $1 00 4 Japanese Chestnut, 4 Spanish Chestnut. 100 4 Pecans, 4 Butternuts 1 00 1 Grafted Pecan, 3 Mandsehuriea Walnuts 1 00 4 English Walimts, 4 Black Walnuts 1 uO All 1-year, 4 to 6 inelies. The above 36 trees for $4.50, by mail or express (prepaid). Send for catalogue. Oak c£awn 7furseri/y HCNTSVILLE, - ALA. pecan Culture. By E. E. RISIEN, San Suba, Texas. Profusfly illustrated from Na- ture. Buddiiii:; and Grafting, Seedling Pecans. Selectic^n of Seed. Seed for the Orchard. Dis- taucea for Planting. Soil ; trans- planting; breeding; varieties; ar- tificial fertilizHtion ; hybrids; en- emies, etc. Indexed. nailed oi. Receipt of $i.oo. TEXAS SEED PECAN CO. FORT WORTH, TEXAS. Dealers in Choicest Seed Pecans for Planting Established twelve years. Also seedling and Grafted Pecan Trees. .Japan Chestnuts, Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, both nuts and trees. Send for "Facts in a Nut Shell." GROWEIR M u.t_a n dL Ot h e r Trees. In Immense Quantities for Fall Delivery. PECANS— Grafted, Budded and Sccdlin?. WALSUTS— Japan and English. Chestnuts, Peaches, Applet. Plums, Pears, Cherries, Grapes, Small Fruits, Roses, Shades Trees and Shrubs. P. J. BevckmaDS (-0. (Inc.) FRUITLAND NURSERIES, Established 185(5. AUGUSTA, GA. 400 acres. 60,000 feet of glass. PROCEEDINGS Second Annual Convention National Nut-Growers' Association. Held at New Orleans La., Oct. 28-31, 1003. [A 60- page pamphU-i, with Ad- drpsSHS. Reports a'.d Discussions, pr'ce 25 cents, can be obtained of J. F. Wilson, Secretary, Pou- lan, Ga.] This pamphlet contains a greater amount of interesting, reliable and up-todate information regarding nut culture, particularly the pe- can, than can be obtainor" in any publication extant. The eighteen formal aiidresses and scinntific pa- pers are by men of recognized ability and experience, and cover a wide range of subjects of vital importance to the industry About twenty reports of oflBcers and com- mittes give much new and valuable information. The synopsis of general dij dividual, capable of becoming a tree under favorable circumstan- ces. The following sentence from Mr. Downing's admirable work on horticulture, might bf missunder- stood, if taken out of ita proper connection: "The advantages of budding fruit trees, compared with grafting, are so considarable that in this country it is ten times a3 much practiced." The word advantage in this sentence is not used in the sense of superiori- ty. The writer simply means to say that budding, as compared with grafting, is the mostsuccpss- ful method of propagation. He has no reference to the character of the trees produced by the two methods. To the planter of pecan trees let me say that you need not puzzle your brain trying to ascertain which are better, budding or graft- ing trees. If some-one sets up a fine spun theory, showing why one method is superior to the other, stop long enough to make a little inquiry. You may find cut that the cause of this preference is not scientific. QRONA/ER The Success Pecan. Mr. Editor. Sinca the Nut Grower may be used to ventillaie, our little grievances in case we think we have not been treated quire fairly in the report of the Nut Growers' Convention, and at the same time use theoj)portuiiity to toot our own horn a little, I will say this in regard to the le- port of committee on examination of exhibits. I believe it was the very best report thev could have gotten up in so short a time, but it might have been better, to have given the names of all the varie- ties exhibited and to bdve stated by whom exhibited. Most of us have some pat varie- ty and wanr the public to know we exhibted it and that it is the very best nut of all. "Success" (introduced bv me) in my estimation as well as in the estimation of some fithers; con- tains the finest kernel of any nut I ever cracked, and though select- ed by Prof H. Harold Hume, from among the many choiceHt, old and new varieties exhibited at New Orleans and used to illustrate be- fore the convention, the points and character of the highest type of nut, it was not so much as namtd in the report. However, as the asso- ciation grows older we ivill im- prove in every respect, and our investigations as well as re- ports, will be more complete and of great and lasting benefit to the public. Let us all do what we XHE NUT-QROWEIR 16S c an to make the coming meeting at St. Louis a great "Success." Theo, Bechtel Pecan Culture. By Mr. Wm. Nelson, from proceedings of Lou- isiana Horticultural Society. Mr. President and Members State Horticultural Society: Tlie subject alloted to me is an interesting one, and in its great promise of a valuable addition to our agricultural and hortieultural interest, u very important one. I find a difficulty here. If I go into the subject thoroughly I wiU take up too much of your tini'- telling you things you already know, perhaps. If I state matters too briefly i cannot do justice to the subject. From my own experience and from results obtained by others, I am confirmed in my opinion that the profits to bo obtained by planting pecan trees are much larger, more certain, and more lasting than in any other line of tree planting. I want you to ac- cept this statement as facts for the moment. I will then try to convince you that it is so. By planting the improved varie- ties we gf^t nuts of large size and of the best quohties. Such nuts will always sell for good prices; No fear of an overproduction. The range of country suitable for pecans affording conditions of soil and climate favorable for the production of good crops of nuts, will be found to be comparative- ly limited. Our own country here will consume all we can grow for years to come, besides having the balance of the world for a future market. Assuming that the cost of an orchard twelve years old will be $10.00 per tree. The crop of this, the 12th year, should be worth $10.00 (leaving out any estimate for the three or four proceeding crops, as some varities will begin bearing when six years planted to orchard) In support of this state- ment I will state that my neighbor here received $100 last fall for his crop from four trees, "Frots- chers." These trees arejust twelve years planted. In a suitable soil and climate we may fairly count on an increase of 20 per cent per annum. This would be $12.00 for 13th year, $14 50 for the Uth year and so on. When twenty years old each of these trees would bring a crop worth over $40.00. The in- crease after this time would be probably not quite so much up to say thirty years old. At this age, under suitable conditions, a crop wort $100 from each tree may be confidently expected. This seems to me to be a good investment. But let us halve these figures. Though there is full as much rea- son for doubling them, $50.00 per annum from each tree is a good re- turn from the original $10,00 in- vestment. Considering that our grandchildren and probably theirs will get this same return, barring accident to the trees. For the time being cotton is king 166 the: nut agam. Well, you can plant pecan trees and make 15 cent cotton amonjr the tr^es and not loose a pound of cotton per acre because of them. The trees will not inter- fere with the growing of cotton or corn or any other annual crop. An interesting feature of this in- dustry is the fact of its non-intor- ference with ordinary farm culti- vation. Even after the trees are full grown and all cultivation has ceased, the whole field makes an ideal pasture for stock. The shade from the trees are just what the stock need here in our hot cli- mate. It is unnecessary for me to say anything about varieties to plant, cultivation, etc. All such infor- mation can be gotten from any nursery catalogue. I will say, however, valuable new varieties are being constantly introduced. I have one myself which promises to be of great value. I hope what I have briefly said here, will serve to awaken some in- terest in this industry. Consider- ing the almost absolute certainty of valuable returns the wonder is how anyone owning a few acres of ■uitable land can neglect planting pecan trees. ^ * ■ Nut Culture in Qeorgia. Address of Mr. Herbert C. White at Georgia Horticultural Society meeting in 1903. In Q-eorgia, n-it culture has re- ceivd but little attention, except perhaps from a very few. While we call Georgia the Empire State of the South, when it comps to the ■QROWEIR prodution of nuts she is very m - significant, as compared, not only with the Empire State of thi' North but with her sister states. But for the production of peaches Georgia would be outclassed with all other fruit growing states. In the production of nuts tjf all kinds as returned by th^- 12th census, only $3,997.00 worth were pro- duced in Georgia — that was in 1899. In the same year New York is credited with $71,122, Florida reported value of nuts at $8,453, derived from cocoanuts (180,050) 46,800, pounds of Pecans, 9,480 pounds of walnuts and 832 bushels of miscellanaous nuts. The nut production of Alabama aggregated $6,315, mostly from Pecans (60.- 670 pounds). In Tennessee $5,828, pecans 7,810 pounds and niiscol- laneouB unclassified nuts 13,037 bushels. I give details of the production of these states to show that Georgia is not doing her best. For comparative purpose^ we ^i\\ note the nut production of Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and California. Louis'ana re- ported a value of $51457 in i.uts de- rived from 637,470 pounds pecans, 4,740 pounds wahnU.s and 471 bushels of unclassified nuts. Th^ production of Mississippi was val- ued at $17,158, consisting of 242- 300 pounds of pecans, 5,670 pounds of waluts and 1,313 bushels of miscellaneous nuts. Texas pro- duced 1,810,670 pounds of pecans (56.4% of the entire pecan crop of the country), 10,400 lbs of walnuts and about 12,000 pounds of mis- the: nut. cellaneous nuts, the value (^f the Texas crop in 1899 being $78,971. All states f^ink into insignificance in nut production beside of Cal- ifornia, where the value of nuts in 1899 aggregated $1,441,137. Tliis eiiormou>i revenue wa'-; de- rivpd from 6,992,610 pounds of almonds and 10,619,975 pounds of Persian or English walnuts. Il i^ noteworthy that the entire crop of pecans in California in that year was only 1220 pounds. Under the terms "miscellaneous" or "unclassified nuts are com- prised hickories, black walnuts, cIiesLniits, chinquapins, etc. I think it unfortuate that chestuuts were included m the miscellaneous list, although the growing oi chestnuts hao- not yet assimeu a vorv large scale. Returning to 'Georgia, we find that every county in the state I'e ported nuts m 1899. Lowndes county loads in value of nuts. Ap- pling is a close second with Mitch- ell, Fulton, Camden, Oglethorpe, Sumcer and Decatur to! lowing in order named. The productions of all tther count ies, as reported, were quite insignificant. Fr^m my knowledge of the situation I venture to predict a prepondera ling lead in favor of Mitchell and Dougherty counties when the next census is taken and osving to the fact that tlie nut trees now plan- ted and to be planted in Georgia are of generality a far superior class thar the wild trees of Texas and are in the majority of cases GROWEIR 16T will be cultivated, it will not sur- prise me if the value of Georgia nuts in 1909 is greater than that of Texas, even if Georgia does not pr(jduc« as many pounds. Speaking of pecans, it may interest you to knov,- that th.e total reported pro- duction in 1899 was 3.206,850 pounds of which Texas produced 56.4% Louisiana 19.9% and Mis- sissippi 7.6%. No other states re- ported as much "s 100,000 and on- ly Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas and Alabama reported 50.000 sjounds. The 12th census develo- ped the interesting fact that pecan nuts were produced i'> 23 states, as iollows: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Flordia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Indian Territory, Kansas, Kentucky, L )uisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri. New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Caro- iina, Tinnes:-60, Ttxas, Virginia, and Washington. This goes to show that the raiige of successful pecan culture is not as limitt-d as many suppose. The I'ltal value of all nuts, so tar as it was possible to obtain rf-*- turns in 1899 was $1,950,161. Of this, California produced 78.9% Of the bearing nut trees reported in the 12th census, 1,649,072 or 44.5% were almonds, yiel-iing 7,- 142,710 pounds; 48,919 or 1.3%. cocoanuts, producing 144,900 nuts, 643,192 or 17.5% pecans (3,206,- 850 pounds) ; 726,798 or 19.6% English walnuts, producing 10,- 668 065 p(uinde, and 634.460, or 17. 1% miscellaneous nut tre(-3, yielding 380,224 bushels. (To be continued.) 168 the: nut The Nut=Q rower. Published monthly at Poulan, Ga., by THE NUT-GR >WER COMPANY. Entered as second class matter at the Post Oflace at Poulan, Ga., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 l^page 1 34 paKe 1 1 page 1 time |1 00 3 00 5 50 " 10 00 1 inch 3 times |2 50 page 3 " 7 60 page 3 " 13 75 1 page 3 " 25 00 An appivciniive suli3criber in Illinois, culls for inforiiiution on the Japan Walnut. Lot us have experiences witli thi.s nut. <^ We have a request for an article on ''The Curing of Pecans." Pos- sibly 8ome one of our Texa.s sub- scribers can give u? the desired contribution. Attention is called to the circu- lar by Presidf^nt Bacon, regarding membership dues. Association work has grown rapidly, and there should be no delay on the part of members to give ample financial support. <^ Prof. W, S. Orton, of the Bu- reau of Plant Industry, is making investigations in diseases of the pecan, and will be glad to receive species or letters regarding such troubles. Inquiries regarding in- sects should be sent to the Bureau of Etomology. The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co., of QROVS/ER DeWitt, Ga., sends a photograph of their exhibit at the World's Fair. It shows samples of each of twenty-seven choice varie- ties the firm is propagating, inar- tistic shape; the samples buing mounted on card boaid and en- closed in heavj' moulding with glass front. Some time ago we gave place to an inquiry regarding a nut, which is supp'sed to have several different names. In this issue Mr. D. Galbraith gives some interest- ing history bearing on the mutter. His statements merit careful con- sideration, and we will be glad to give place to further contribu- tions, on this subject should this history not be accepted as conclu- sive. The combination of faith with works holds good in other ways than in spiritual affairs. It is faith with works which gives assurance of profits in pecan cul- ture, when the work is properly di- rected. But "faith," is the fuuuda- tion, just as trulyas "faith" without work is death. " When we remem- ber the apostolic definition of faith "the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen it is easily understood how impor- tant a good foundation is as the works follow faith. There are many appreciative readers of the Nut-Grower, who are not members of the National -THE NUT-GRONA/ER 169 Nut-Growers' Association. Since the Association is accomplish- ing- great good for the in- dustry, by which the general public 18 benefitted, as well as the members, it appeals to the inter- ested public for support needed for the enlarged work now in hand. A large increase in meoabership will give the moral and financial asisrauce needed. Send to the Secretary at Poulan for applica- tion blank, or simply remit $2.00. <^ In Risien's book on the pecan in west Texas, he gives a number of illustrations and descriptions of top working large trees, twenty feet or more from the ground. This nntails much labor, bat there seems to be no doubt as to the success ot the operation, in care- ful hands; while the profits must be sure to warrant the extent to which It has been preformed. In this S'>uth East country we do not have many, the size of the Texas trees, and the work should be preformed at less cost. Any good tree which bears inferior nuts should be t'^p worked to the best known varieties. The Nut -Grower wants the names and address of all mem- bers of the Association and others, who have the Stuart Nut in bear- ing. Arrangements are being made for exploiting the superior advantages of our choice varieties in special markets, and to educate the public Lo appreciuLo their value. ''Stuart" is probably pro- ducing, at this time, more largely than any other variety, and for this reason it has been selected for the initial work in the line con- templated. Co-operation of grow- ers, is necessary in order to ac- complish the beet results. Send in the names, and particulars re- garding the plan will be furnished. In this number will be found an article by Mr. Peek, on the rela- tive value of budded and grafted trees. Those of us who have years of experience on this subject are prone to forget that our chosen in- dustry is receiving many recruits who have much to learn and who merit our kindly consideration, in saving them from error and de- ception. We refer to the article in question, for the purpose of em- phasizing the importance to the no- vice, of always looking to the character, as well as ability of the parties, who offer advice with a view of selling trees. Matters are now so well organized, that ample safe guards are at hand, provided they are utilized. The beginner needs to know that he starts right. Time is eminently money, in start- ing a grove of nut trees, and time lost, by lack of knowledge is a pecunairy loss, as well. Be sure you are right and success is cer- tain. -«^ As we become more familiar with the industry as developed in ditTerBiit sections of the country, 1TO XHE NUT the more apparent becomes the uecessity for experimental work, with a view to adaptation of varie- ties to local conditions, Whil3 we have most satisfactory results, already accomplished, in many different placps, with great varia- tion in soil and climate, still we lack that comparitive data which will demonstrate the best condi- tions for any one of the standard varieties, as well as knowledge re- garding the most suitable one for any chosen section. It will not do to presume, that because a variety originated in a certain lo- cality that it may not do better elsewhere. What we need is a number of testing stations, sit- uated in widely separate places and under all the varing condi- tions of soil, and climate, where varieties can be grown side by side, with the best known care and attention. Such trial grounds under concerted management, such as the association could fur- nish, would be of great benefit to every nut growing locality as well as show where any particular nut will find its most favorable en- Tironments and necessary condi- tions. It may be a long time be- fore such a plan is fully organized, the way of obtaining it is not yet even in sight, but it is none too soon to get ready for it by recognition of the necessity for the work. Mention was made last month of receipt of Prospectus of the Stan- dard Pecan Co. Since that time GROWER the matter has been given a care- ful consideration and the plans exploited have much of interest in various ways. First, it shows how the commercial prospects of Nut Culture, are being put into active operations, and what the industry promisee. It then takes the public into confidence, and gives detailed information such as prospective investors might desire, in judging the safety and profit promised to the purchasers of Bonds the company offers for sale. The distinguishing fea'ure is a profit sharing in resnlts, without liability on the part of Bondhold- ers. Bonds, and interest (6%) are guaranteed, and one half the net profits, from nuts grown be- long to the holders of plantation certificates, which are issued as a bonus, to the purchsers of bonds. Thus th»- investor gats his mon- ey back with interest, has assumed no risk and has a permanent inter- est in the profits. This profit sharing however, does not go in- to full operation, until the bonds have been redeemed. These bonus cetificaten are so proportioned that the holder of each $10.00 bond derives tne permanent revenue from one pecan tree. One hun- dred and ten acres, of choice varie- ties (pedigree stock) have been planted at Monticello, Fla. and the policy is to plant a similar grove each year, until profits have redeemed all bonds. Those in charge of this company, are skill- ful and enterprising men, fully THE NUT. equiped with horticultural and bu- siness experience, and they will have no difficulty in satisfying any one as to their financial responsi- bility. We give these particulars, because it is of more than local in- terest in illustrating the commer- cial position nut growing is assum- ing. Besides this, it meets a con- dition not otherwise filled, in which those who have no land, ex- perience or time to devote to the business, can make satisfactory investments in the indusfrv. As the company hap ample capital stock with which to carry on the business, and pay interest until remunerative crops of nuts can b^ obtained, it can readily be seen that it becomos a profitable busi- ness for the stockholders as well, since the sale of bonds provides for rapid and largeadditional planting in wi'ich they share subsequent pi( fits with the bond holders. We shall watch the opperutions of this and similar companies with partic- ular care, commendii^g such as seems to mnrit confidence, and point out defects as we see them as may best serve the industry, in opening up new avenues for safe, and promising operations in our chosen field. The National Nut-Orowers' As- sociation. To members and others interested: At a recent conference of officers, regarding association affairs and the forthcoming convention, the matter of finances came up for QRONA/'ER 1T1 consideration. Our work has largely increased during the past few months, which entailed in- creased expense, and some mem- bers have not yet paid dues for the past year. This leaves the associ- ation in need of the necessary ex- penses attending our St Louis meeting in October next. In view of this condition, and the importance and far reaching effect of our work it was deemed expedient and proper to ask for the payment of dues for the present year, in advance of the convention. This will relieve your officers from the necessity of mak- ing advances, and give a desired working fund for agressive opera- tions. The Badge Book for 1904 wijl contain the names of all members who are not m arrears for dues of the past year. We take this opportunity to cor- dially invite the support of the large and rapidly increasing class of citizens, who are becoming inter- ested in this industry, to become members, and thus be closely iden- tified with, and enjoy the benefits which me sure to follow active meraberhip. The payment of membership fee $2.00, annual dues of the same amount, on following years, and the agreement to use, and encour- age fair dealings in the industry are the only requirments of mem- bers. Blank applications will be fur- nished by our Secy, and Treas. ITS THE NUT Dr. J. F. Wilson, Poulan, Ga. and remittances sent to the same ad- dress. Our work is accomplishing great public good, in crystalizing, making public the most and advanced and beneficial informa- tion and inthe suppresiou of fraud ulent dealers. Soliciting such encouragement and support as the great import- ance of work demands and assuring all that faithful execution of our adopted policy, will be followed and reminding all that the great potential prospects ot' this indus- try will produce surprising pecun- iary results. I am very respectfully >our obedient servant. G. M. Bacon, President. DoWitt, Ga., July 30, 1904. ■ GROWER WM. NKLSON, New Orlpans, La., Introducer of the Nelson Pecan, Qalbreath's Letter. The Nelson Pecan. The following cuts of the Nelson Pecan — exact size — with cut of the intoroducer will he of much inter- est. Ill our April niimlier we gave the description (;f this nut. Mr. J. F. Wilson, Editor Nut- Grower, Poulan, Ga.: Jn the Nut-Grower, Vol. 2, No. 1, page 0, Mr. S. W. Peek wishes to know something of the "Twen- tieth Century, or Columbian Pe- can." Col. W. R. 8tuart, of Ocean Springs Miss., in his book, on "The Pecan and How to Grow It," page 58 names it '"Columbian," Mr. Wm. Nelson, Jefferson Parish, La., in his Pamphlet of later date on '"Pecan Gr-.wing," named it "Rome," Mr. Emile Bourgeois, of Rapidan Parish, La., called it "Pride of the Coast," Stuart Rob- ison, of Ocean Springs, Miss., "Columbian," Nut Grower, Vol. 1 No. 2. Now Sir: When you shall have consulted the authorities named, and c; The Agricultural Experiment St.ition, Lincoln, Nebr. The Sixteenth Annual Report Of the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the Louisiana State University for 1903 gives an interesting review of the work in hand which covers many important agricultural inter- ests. Principles of American Forestry By Samuel B Green. 334 pages illustrated. Price $1.50. Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York. This is an important elementary work prepared for the student as well as gener- al reader. It is a live subject and one which is sure to receive increasing attention as its importance becomes known, and this work will be found valuable. The Soil, Its nature, relation and principles of manage- ment, By Prof F. H. King, 8th Edition, 303 Pages, illustrated. Price 750. Published by the MacMillan Company. An understanding of the soil is a great help to successful farm oper- ations. This book is valuable to every prog- ressive farmer, who will carefully persue its pages. Fertilizers, By Edward B. Voorhees, second edition, 335 Pages 1.00. The MacMillan Company, New York. This book treats of the source, charac- ter and composition of Natural, Homemade, nnd manufactured Fertilizer. s It discusses the subject in plain language, and instructs upon fundamental principles. This is a work which the common practical farmer can use to great advantage. The Principles of Fruit-Qrowing. Bv L. H. Baily,5th. Edition 516 Pages, illus- trated, prices $1-2?. Published by the Mac- Millan Co- New York- This is a standard work by one of well known ability. Nut Growers will liud much of merit in this volume- Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agrioulture, I'.iO.J. Pp. T2S, fronlispiece, pis. 05, figs. 54. Price, 7""'. Tiie Yearbook contains the annual rei).ivt of Secretary of \griculture and thirty-two miscellaneous pipers covering a variety of sul)jects repre--entative of the vai'ied scioiiUriic work of the Department. The Seventeenth Annual Report Of the interstate Commerce Commission gives a large amount of information, showing the operations of that body for the past year. Proceedings Of the Alabama State Hortieultu'-fil Society. First Annual Meeting held at Mobile, Ala. Jan. 20 and 27, 19i>J. R. S. Mackintosh. Seet'y, Aabuiii. Ala. notice: To World's Fair Visitors and Del- ogates. We will meet you on arrival at Union Stat5on and accompany you to our houses. Rooms with breakfast $3.00 a day per person ; two per- sons $5 (10 in our flrst-class houses ; $2 50 a day per person with breakfast; two persons $4.00 in second-class houses and $1.00 a day per ' per- son room only ; two in a room 75c each ; meals 35c and upwards in third-class houses. All houses have bath, gas and other conveniences FREE. Linens changed daily. Our first-class houses are good as the Plant- ers' Hotel ; our second-class houses are as good as the Rozier: our third-class houses are good ■IS the Insiae Inn. All detached and absolute- ] V fire from dangers bv fire. If you care for y<>ur lives, beware of lire traps and if you car- tor your stomach, beware of hash houses. We invite you to give us a trial. Address, Main Office Laclede Bldg., Bell Phone 2318. or Branch Office 1835 Market St., Bell Phone 1781. MISSOURI RE^NTAL CO. ST. LOUlS, MO. 1T4 THE NUT BecMel's Pecan Nurseries, Wholesale and Retail Theo. Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Miss. P^/»a MC — -^^'^ NOTHING tJi^dnS BUT PKUANS. BEiST varie:tie:s. jVartweil TfurserieSj S. W. PEEK, Proprietor, HARTWELL, GA. Send for Catalopue. Established 188'i. NUT TREES. 4 Sleboldii Walnuts, 4 Cordifoimis $1 00 4 Japanese Chestnut, 4 Spanish Chestnut. 100 4 I'ecans, 4 Butternuts 1 00 1 Gmfted Pecan, 3 Mandschurica Walnuts 1 00 4 English Walnuts, 4 Black Walnuts 1 00 All 1-year, 4 to 6 inches. The above 36 tree.-j for $4.50, by mail or express (prepaid). Send for catalogue. Oak jCawn Tfurserj/^ HUNTSVILLE, - ALA. TEXAS SEED PECAN CO. FORT WORTH, TEXAS. Dealers in Choicest Seed Pecans for Planting Established twelve years. Also seedling and Grafted Pecan Trees. Japan Chestnuts. Japan Walnuts, English Walnuts, bolh nuts and trees. Send for "Facts in a Nut Sh.oll." -GROWER Nut and Other Trees. In Immense Quantities for Fall Delivery. PECANS— Grafted, Budded and Seedling. WALIUTS— Japan and English. Chestnuts, Peaches, Apple.--. Plums, Pears, Cherries, Grapes, Small Frulta. Roses, Shades Trees and Shrubs. P. J. Berckniaiis ('o. (Inc.) FRUITLAND NURSERIES, Estrthlished 185(). ATfiUSTA, GA. 400 acres. 60,000 feet of glass. PROCEEDINGS I NURSlllliS ■I^A.BEAI? pMji^: ';;;',RAI. ATKAV-FLA .■ BUDDING KNIFE PECANS, WALNUTS, CHESTNUTS, FIGS. D. GALBREATH, New Orleans, La. P. O. Box 1249. Second Annual Convention National Nut-Growers' Association. Held at New Orleans La., Oct. 28-31, 1903. [A 60- page pamphlet, with Ad- dresses, Reports and Discussions, pr'ce 25 cents, can be obtained of J. F. Wilson, Secretary, Pou- laii, Ga.] This pamphlet contains a greater amount of interesting, reliable and up-todate information regarding nut culture, particularly the pe- can, than can be obtained in any publication extant. The eighteen formal addresses and scientific pa- pers are by men of recognized ability and experience, and cover a wide range of 8ubj«»ct8 of vital importance to the industry About twenty reports of officers and com- mittesgive much new and valuable information. The synopsis ol general discussions is ol particular interest along various ^ines. and the book is certain to he of much practical value to tiiose inleiested in this department ol Horticulture. The Nut = Grower. Devoted to the Interests of the National Nut-Crowers' Association Volume II. JULY, 1904. Number 12. Badge Book For 1904. Early in October the Badge book for the third annual convention will be issued and given a wide circulation, in addition to copies sent to mt-.mbers and advertisers. It will be a booklet of about 50- 6^ X 3^ inch pages, and contain names & address with badge num ber, of all Honery and Lady mem- bers with all active members whose membership dues are paid for the past year — 1903. It will contain the program of convention with names of speak- ers, and a full list of officers and comiuitties with designated Head- quarters for all officials. Sundry general information regarding con- vention and carefully selected ad- vertisennnits will be embraced in its pages. Badges will be distrib- uted by mail about ton days prior to date of convention. Aside from the convenience of the Badge Book, Jit is recognized as a trainable advertising; medium and its pages are open to all members at the following rates: Double page .$7.00 One page 4.00 Half page- 2^ inches 2.50 Fourth page- 1;^ inches. 1.50 Eighth page- | inch .... 1.00 In view of the convention being held at St. Louis, dh account of the exposition, it is deemed ex- pedient, by the Exect. Commit- tee to admit additional advertise- ments, of suitable character, which will not be in competition with interest of members, but be of indirect interest and advantage, such as hotels, resturants, trans- portation Cos., Amusements, Im- plement Dealers, Commission men and so fourth. We are de- pendent largely on the profits from advertisements in the Badge I book for meeting the contingent expense of the convention. A liberal patronage will thus be very acceptable.. One part of advertisers it affords an opportunity to give substantial support to the work of association while getting value received for cost of space he uses. This notice is sent to a number of persons who although interested in the industry, are not yet mem- bers of the association. A cordial invitation is extended lo such to enroll as members, to attend the convention if they can and thus add their moral and financial support to the 1T8 THE NUT work. The actual value of published proceedings of con- vention, will be many times the cost of membership dues to any cue planting, or expecting to plant nut trees for profit. The member- ship fee is $2.00 and annual dues there after the same amount. Send in names for enrollment as members and applications for advertising space promptly and not later than Oct. 1, 1904. The programme for conven- tion has been receiving carfcfuUy study for several weeks and is working into shape in away which promises a most valuable meeting. The pleasuie and profit resulting form our previous conventions, warrants the expectation that all who attend the 1904 meeting will be richly rewarded. Respectfully Yours, J. F. WlL'^ON, Secretary, Poulan, Ga. OFFICIAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GEORGIA QIANT TREE. Originating and Growing at DeWitt, Ga. The parent Georgia Giant tree is now in its 18th year, having a record of bearing annually and increasingly for 13 years. The tree has produced many nuts 2 inches m length by If inches in diameter, although the general run of the tree in fair season ap prcximating 1^ inches in leng-th by 1 3-16_in diameter. It is impos- sible to say what size the nuts GROWER from this tree might have reached had it been plantded in rich soil with suitable fertilization and cul- ture and with plenty of room. The tree has suffered by reason of the fact that 't was planted and surrounded by other trees of the same age at a distance of only 30 feet in each direction. These latter disadvantages have to a limited extoat been removed this year by digging up four 18 year old trees. For years this tree has been cultivated and fertilized in a faulty way, but its nut bearing qualities have not been diminished and it 18 today a magnificent spec- imen of a strong, vigorous and symmetrical Pecan tree. The nut is ovate in shape with a thin- ner shell than any other nut of its size and weight, while it is full meated and the cuticle of the meat lobes is a dark rich golden yellow free from spots, creases aiid other blemishes. It contains perhaps less corky growth than any other Pecan of its size and weight, while in early annual and heavy bearing qualities, it possibly supercedes all other va- rieties of very large size, yet intro- duced. The nut is borne in clus- ters averaging five nuts. The ex- icarpt is somewhat thin an(J smooth. The nuts when matured are easily gathered as there is no adherance of exsicarpt and shell and by far the larger number will drop by gravity as soon as ripe. The shell is a dark brown color, is brittle and easily cracked a few days after gathering THE NUT-QROWER 1TO In normal seasons nuta are ripe by middle of October. The parent tree, on account of its heavy bear- ing while very vigorous, has not been a large wood maker, and owing to the heavy loads of nuts which it has annually borne and the somewhat sleiider character of the new growth, the branches have a somewhat pendulous and spreading habit. This has mili- tated against the, so to speak, wholesale propagation of the tree, as the number of grafting cions and buds each season are very limited. There are many trees in its vicinity full 15 feet taller but only sparsely clothed with braches and have a more or less upright habit of growth. The wood of the Georgia Giant tree is of a dense and hard nature of j:,reat tensile strength with a thin close graine(i bark of a clean but dark color. A cubic foot of wood from this tree would probably weigh several pounds more than a like quantity of wood from any other tree among thirty acres plant edator about the same time. The tree is singuarly free from insect attacks. There are no signs on trunk or branches to indicate that borers have ever been in the tree, and while the bark of a number of trees in its immediately vicinity have been punctured in concentric circles by the woodpecker or sap- sucker (without detriment how- ever) there are no indications whatever of similar work on the Georgia Giant. Its fine grain bark and hard w-)od evidently rendering it distasteful to both harmful and harmless birds and insects. Its early annual and heavy bearing characteristics are faithfully transmitted by scions and buds. There are growing on the property of The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co. at DeWitt, Ga. a num- ber of two year grafts and 18 month old buds inserted in one year old seedling stocks in 1902, which are this summer in bearing, one tree not over seven feet in height having 24 nuts on it, m clusters, the largest of which shows eight nuts. The fact that there are a number of three year budded and grafted trees of this age in bearing testifies overwhelm- ingly that there is no doubt about the transmission of parental characterictics of this variety by budding and grafting. It is be- leived by competent observers, who have closely studied the pecan for a number of years, that with proper culture and fertilization the full capacity and worthiness of the Georgia Giant tree has even yet to be determined. Suffice it to say, that even if it should not improve under an intensive system of culture, its early, annual and heavy bearing features and the transmission of these prime re- quisites in a nut for profit by bud- ding and grafting makes it with- out doubt, one ot, if not the most desirable variety for profitable commericial planting. The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co., Herbert C. White. 2nd. Vice-Prest. & Horticulturist. 180 THE NUT REPORT OF VICE PRESIDENT, J. B. WIGHT, OF GEORGIA, At 1903 Convention. The pecan is at home in Geor- gia, and it is there to stay. Here and there in the state are trees a half century or more old, which have for a long time been annual- ly bearinsr crops of nuts which are unexcelled in flavor and other good qualities. For decades these old trees failed "to point a moral or adorn a tale." But peoj^jle after awhile began to reason that if a single tree is profitable, a whole grove may be made equally so. And so they began to plant pe- cans, and are at it still. There are now exceeding 2,000 acres of grove in the state; while more than twice this quantity is contemplated l)eing set within the next two years. Within a radius of a few miles in Mitchell county, Georgia, there are more acres in cultivated groves than within any other equal area in the world. These trees, where intelligently cared for, are doing well. There is one change that is well to note here. The settings of pe- cans first made were, almost with- out exception, seedlings. Many of these, when they came into bearing, were disappointing in the size and quality of the nuts. The result has been that more re- cent settings have been more and more of budded and grafted trees. Our largest pecan nursery reports that the sales of these have been GROWER proportionately greater this sea- son than ever before. This is an advance that is well worthy of note. The day when the pecan was ex- ploited as being free from all de- seapes and pests has passed. In parts of Georgia it is subject to in- sect and fungUH troubles; and this is true everywhere. These troub- les, however, are not greater than those that confront the peach grower, the i)ear grower, nr the apple grower. Some of these can be easily held in check, while oth- ers are rather coy of control. But none of them need deter the intelligent, energetic man who, in pecan culture, has a broad and inviting field ahead of him. Other varieties of nut trees have been tried in the state, but out- side the hickory and the black walnut, n'ost have met with indif- ferent success. The English wal- nut, owing it is thought to some weakness in the root, generally dies before it reaches the bearing age. Efforts are being made to overcome this defect — with what success, the future will deter- mine. The Japan walnut? are hardy and prolitic. They make beauti- ful trees and rapid growers. The quality of the nuts is the chief bar to the becoming successful ri- vals of the pecans. The Japan chestnut has proved to be poor in quality, deficient in fruitfulness, and subject to at- tacks of worms. Future introduc- THE NUT-QROWER tioup or hreediiigs of thii* nut niay make it mi re desireable. Other varieties of nuts have been tried to a limited extent, but they have yet to establish their value among us. In conclusion, let me say that in nut culture, v.e know where the thorns and brambles are, as well as where the fruitful fields lie; and knowing these, avoiding the one and cultivating the other, we feel sure that success will con- tinue to crown our efforts. Nut Culture in Qeorgia. Address by Mr. Herbert C. White at Georgia Horticultural Society meeting in 1903, (Continued from last issue.) The 12th census was the first that attempted to obtain definite values of nuts and fruits and while the information gained is of great value and interest to us it is to be regretted that we have no means of making any comparisons with val- ues in earlier years. While I fear that the statistical information may not appear to be directly related with Nut Culture in Gei^rgia yet to p;et a clear con- ception of the magnitude of the country's business in nuts and to emphasiza the small part Georgia is taking in same and to show that it is an industry of great promise, I must again worry you with a few figures upon the subject of the im- portations of nuts from foreign countries. In 1897 $2,200,161 ' the Pi'ii^cipies of successful fruit 181 more nuts were imi)ortod in 1899 than in 1898, I have within the last two days been furnished with figures covering the importation of nuts for the year ending June 30tb, 1902, and find that in that year $2,826,746 worth were impor- ted. The inciease in the impor- tations in 1902 were $99,204 more than in 1899. It must be remem- bered that these imported nuts are subject to a hfeavy duty in most cases. The duty on almonds, not shelled, is four cents a pound; on shelled almonds 6 cents. On filberts not shelled, 3 cents; on shelled filberts, 5 cents. On wal- nuts, not shelled, 3 cents; on shelled walnuts, 5 cents. To these charges must be adde 1 freight, insurance, brokerage and retailer's profits. It is not difficult to see that there is a good field for pro- fitable nut growing if the right lo- cations and trees are obtained and some care in culture. The Amer- ican production of nuts does not keep pace with the increasing de- mand. I consider that it would be wasting your time to go into much technical detail concerning the propagation or culture of nut trees inasmuch as niv.st of you are practical horticlturists. It is of course a tact that different species of trees requries different treat- ment to obtain the best results yet treu culture remain the same and may be summarized as follows : 727,542. You will note $493,6041 (1). The selection of a suitable worth of nuts were imported; in 1898 $2,333,938; and in 1899 $2,- 1S2 THE NUT- site for the orchard. (2). An intelligent selection of variettea adapted to the climate and soil with a reasonable certain- ly that you are buying healthy trees absolutely true to name. (3). The proper preparation of the ground and planting of trees. (4). Suitable fertilization and culture. (5). A constant watch for in- sect enemies and disease and the taking of immediate steps to rem- edy the trouble. The hazel and filbert, somewhat indiscriminately designated, have probably received less attention than any other vasiety of nut in this country. In the main their culture has not been successful en account of the small and desultory way in which tests have been made. The cultivation of the ha- zel, cob and filbert is extensively carried on in England. Spain also produces a nut of this nature known to trade as the '•Barcelona nut. Most of the hazel nuts we buy in the so-called mixed nuts from our grocery stores are raised in Spain. There is no reason why the Spanish tree should not find A congenial home in some parts of Georgia. My idea upon the sub- ject is that every farmer and fruit grower in Georgia should have a small experimental plat upon which careful and intelligent tests should be made of all nuts as to which any doubts exist to then- suitability to the location. The cost would be trivial and great QRONA/ER material benefits would undoubt- edly accrue. The areas in which walnuts and almonds in California are the most profitable are very restricted and it was as a result ot experiment that these ideal loca- tions were found. Why cannot we find areas in Georgia, even if only small ones, where the almond and filbert will be congenial and consequently profitable. Three counties in California produce nearly all the 10,000,000 odd pounds of walnuts raised in that state. We need not hesitase to plant improved and selected pecan nut trees. They will grow on high or low lends and where care has been given them and a judicious selection of trees made are today profitable. One of the largest pe- can jjroves m the south has been planted in Mitchell county by a gentleman from New Orleans who has had abundant opportunity to observe the pecan in Texas, Louisana, and Mississippi. He finds that the pecan in Georgia will bear earlier; that the nuts are better flavored and better filled and that there are fewer insect enemies here than in either of the states named. Surely this is en- couraging. There are now, and will continue to be disappoint- ments in pecan culture. The sub- ject is better understood now. Years ago inferior seedlings of nondescript origin were alone ob- tainable. Today we can have budded and grafted trees of the choicest standard varieties and as -the: nut the case with all budded and gratted trees a certainty of pro- duct and earlier bearing. Old trees bearing inferior nuts can be converted into the choicest varie- ties by top budding and grafting. Some skill and experience is nec- cessary to successfully propagate the pecan. The annular system of budding is mostly used. The shield bud will not take. Nuts have passed from a '"lux- ury" to almost a neccessity in the diets of many persons, since their ^reat food values have been dis- covered. The country today is flooded with litnrature upon the subj<-ct of health foods. One of the best patent food prepara- tions has deemed it advisable to suffix its commercial nam<^ with the word "Nut." The interest in nuts as food caused the Maine Experiment Station in bulletin No. 54 to publish much valuable information upon the subject, after careful analysis of the prin- cipal nuts, The introductory par- agraph to this most interesting treatise reads as follows : "While the use of nuts in this country has already attained con siderable proportions, it is believ- ed that a careful study of their food qualities would lead to a large- ly increased consumption." They also say : "The vast range of climatic conditions to be found in this country will enable us to grow nearly all the nuts which we now import." By far tha larger quantities of QROVS/ER 183 nuts imported are from Europe and principally from Spain, Italy and France. Stretching from the southern boundary of Georgia to its northern limits are to be found soils and climate perfectly adapt- ed to the successful raising of all these nuts imported from Europe, consisting of chestnuts, walnuts, almonds, hazel nuts, and filberts. I do not mean to say that all these varieties of nuts should be planted indiscriminately here, there and everywhere, but I do say that there are greater or less arears in Georgia in which any of the these nuts will thrive. The chestnut thrives best on high land and the consensus of opinion is that it pre- fers dry rocky, sandy or gravelly soil to those of a richer and more compact character. Have we not lands of this kind in parts of Geor- gia? The walnut at present has not been an unqualified succes in the extreme lower south, but there are places in North Georgia and even in Middle Georgia where one whould not hesitate to plant wal- nut trees. In the case of almonds, possibly the area of profitable culture m Georgia is more restricted. In California the almond is planted principally on bench or hillside situations. The tree grows wild in Syria and northern Africa and is there found in dry and stony lo- cations and is capable of enduring considerable drought. (To be continued, 13-4- the: nut The Nut=Q rower. Published monthly at Poulan, Ga., hy THE NlJT-CfRJWER COMPANY. Entered as second class matter at the Post Otlice at Poulan, Ga., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION, 50C PER ANNUM. ADVERTISING RATES: 1 inch 1 time $1 (lO 1 iiu-h a times $2 50 I4 page 1 " 3 00 14 page 3 " 7 50 }4pii^e 1 " 5 50 ^ page 3 " 13 75 1 pa.!,'e 1 " 10 00 1 pano 3 " 25 00 Attention is called to the circu- lar iij June uuraber regarding meuibership dues. Remember tliat many hands make light work. Work on programme is progress- ing satisfactorily and indications are that a highly interesting and attractive array ft speakers will be present. Hotel Epworth has been select- ed as Headquarters for the conven- tion at St. Louis. Particulars re- garding entertainment, rates, and reservation of rooms will appear in our next number. A circular of information will be issued and sent out early in Septembyr. Attention is called to a clip- ping from the"Pacific Rural Press" on co-operation in marketing. This is an important matter witli nut growers, and we are glad to report that some initial plans for the mutual benefit of the growers of cb.oice varieties are aln ady being formulated. More will be said on this line in subsequent numbers. GROWER It is expected that parties at- tending the convention will select such accomodations as best suits them. It is important that reserva- tion of rooms be obtained in ample time. By writing the Mo. Rental Co. much desirable information can be obtained. Their adv. will be found in this number. -*> We have a clipping from the Farm & Ranch, in which our Tex- as Vice President, H. A. Ilalbcrt brings out the need of widely ex- tended experiment and observr- . tion on modifying effects of envi- roi?m:)ut in quality of nuts. This subject alt'ords an interesting field for original work and we hope to see some move by the association in this line as soon as practicable. -^^^ Attention is called to the notice regarding Badge book, in this is- sue. Several important matters require attention on the partof all numbers. This book is much in demand, and is a more valuable publication than some may suppose. All who want to be in the front rank of the industry should have their names in this book. The adverti- sing privilege enables one to ex- ploit their stock to advantage. In our May number, owing to a change in our printing arrange- ments, some portions went to press without the proo^' being seen by the Editor. Several typographi- cal errors occurred which need cor- "THE NUT-QRONA/ER 185 recting. On page 153 we referred to top working of some "Frotscher' trees. These trees are located in South Georgia, rather than North Georgia, as the article reads. Aj- other editorial note regarding a seedling tree in West Florida went wrong, in saying it "bore the past seven seasons 225 pounds of nuts." It should read "the past season," instead of "the past sev- en seasons." There is nothing re- markable about this yield in seven years, but we regard it a good crop for oiie season for a seedling tree of the age mentioned. <^ This issue is something of a Georgia number. In assembling matter it developed that all the leading articles for the month happen to be Georgia Articles. But this is all riirht, for Georgia is a great state and is making rapid strides in the industry. Besides this we nave good support and willing contributors who we can reach personally and that helps out when material is scarce How- ever there is no scarcity of matter now, as there was when the publi- cation made its first appearance, near two years ago. lu our May number copy was carried over till June and we have interesting clip- pings now on the hook to more than fill the next number. By the time we hold another convention, our space will probably have to be enlarged. <^ The convention is a great pro- moter of business among the mem- bers of the association. There is hardly an active member who is not a liberal buyer and every one is on the alert for choice new vari- eties. We know of one firm which was represented at New Orleans that had a larger increased trade fol- lowing, and doubtless others have had the same experience if they had the stock to fill orders. We found that stocks were exhausted so rapidly that it cut off our ad- vertising patronage to an uncom- fortable extent. But we have Fome loyal support which is gradaully increasing as the value and scope of our work be- comes better known. Great things are in store, and this publication, and the annual conventions, are the agencies for working out the Commercial and Horticultural problemH incident to a new psra in profitable agriculture. Pedigree Trees. Mr. Editor: In looking over the recent issue of the "Nut Grow- er" just received we note what you sav (page 152) in regard to using the term "redigree" instead of Budded and Grafted, in makii-g mention of Budded or Grafted trees. It seems to us that the term "Pedigree" might or might not be appropriate, as not all budded AND GRAFTED TREES ARE "PEDI- GREED" TREES, AND EVEN A SEED- LING TREE MAY BE A "pedigreed" 1S6 THE nut-qrowe:r tree; hence we would sugaiest that we U8e the term "Variety" when possible, and eudeavor to educate the Public and especiall}'' Buyers of this class: of stock along this hue, 80 it will be understood that when we mention trees ot' a variety we mean Budded or Grafted trees, this being the usual or common method of perpetuating a given va- riety. Seedling trees whether "Pedi- greed" or grown from seed gath- ered promiscuously, cannot be re- lied upon to perpetuate a variety; hence the seedling only perpetu- ates the species. The practice of catalogueing and selling seedling Pecan and other nuts under varietal names, claim- ing them to produce true to seed planted, etc., (I. E. to perpetuate the variety,) has done more to 'Mystify' those desiring knowledge along this line than anything else. J. F. Jones. Mouticello, Fla. Report of Executive Committee For 1903. Your Executive Committee would respectfully report that the work of the Association has been harmoniously and successfully prosecuted along lines contempla- ted by our Constitution. We take pleasure in acknowl- edging the efficiency of the "Nut- Grower" in exploiting the indus try and in atfording- an easy and economical means of communica- ting With our members, and be- speak for this publication, which is issued without expense or finan- cial responsibility on the part of our organization, your hearty sup- port. We are pleased to report that our membership has b^en increas- ed to ninety-five persons, of whom seven are ladies, whc according to our Constitution are exempt from payment of fees. While our affairs have been ad- ministered economically, and no indebtedness exists, aside from advances made by the Treasurer to ab')ut half the amount due from members, still there is need of funds for important work in view. We call attention to the fact that no call has been made upon members up to this time for an- nual dues, the membership fee be- ing all that has been paid, except where several members have paid dues in advance of a call for same. We recommend that all mem- bers subject to dues, who were en- rolled and paid membership fee prior to January 1st, 1903, and who have not since paid, be called upon for dues the Constitution re- quires for tfie current year, it be- ing understood that the member- ship fee paid by those joining dur- ing this year, takes the place of any dues for 1903. Our work is important and de- mands are liable to be made upon your officers and committees for performance of services which en- tail expense, and we advise that early provision be made for accu- the: nut mulatiug ample fuuds tor the prompt performance of work that may come to our hands. We take this opportunity to call attention to the provisions of our Constitution, which permits a rad- ical and entire change in the per- sonel of the Board of Directors at any regular meeting, when a ma- jority of the members present might so desire. In the light of our experience since organization was completed a year ago, an amend- ment, providing for the election of directors in three classes and extending the term of service to three years, and electing one class each year might insure a more sta- ble and eificient board. One Tree. By J. B. Wight's Phamphlet. As an example uf the growth made by a tree under favorable conditions, I give the figures of a budded "Frotschrr" pecan which stands on my home lot in Cairo, and which has been seen and ad- mired by many. The tree w^as purchased from Mr. William Nel- son, New Orleans, in January, 1892. It was about three feet high when set, and cost $2.00. The first column gives the circum- ference in inches, three feet from the ground, of the tree at the end of the year indicated. The second column gives the weight of nuts in pounds produced each year. No measurement was made of the tree until December, 1904. ' GROWER -I8T cirgum'f'ce. LBS XUTS 1894 8^ inches 1895 12| inches 1896 14^ inches 1 nut 1897 20 inches 7 lbs. 1898 25 inches lOi lbs. 1899 29^ inches 13i lbs. 1900 mi inches 27 lbs. 1901 37^ inches 16 lbs. 1902 40^ inches 45 lbs. 1903 44 inches 80 lbs. Since it began bearing, this tree has been severely cut for budding wood; and hence its bearing has to some extent been retarded. Experience: What It Has Taught. From J. B. Wight's Pamphlet. In December, 1886, X planted my first pecan nuts. I then knew nothing about them except what I had read. Eighteen years of min- gled success and failure, of things done correctly and those done in- correcty, have brought valuable lessons that, had they been known in the beginning, would have been almost invaluable. Experience is the best teacher. Some things have been learned; and while much yet remains unlearned, it is to guard others against some of my mistakes that this pamphlet is sent out. Nut Trees. From D. L. Pierson's Catalogue. Our Southland is greatly blessed in its various products both pleas- ing to the eye and tempting to the palate, and prominent in the long list is the Pecan Nut. We do not 188 the: nut- reter to the small, thiok-shelled, bitter meated nuts found growing wild in parts of the South and largely sold by grocers and con- fectioners, but the large, paper- •hel led varieties which are filled to the full capacity of the shell with meat of the finest flavor. The pecan is indigenous to the South- ern section of our country and years of careful selection ot, and planting of the finest specimens hav-i developed the fine varieties we are enjoying today and they are now perpetuated by the only sure means, that of budding and grafting, so that we are now able to plant our groves with the varie- ties of our choice with the assur- ance that we will reap what we plant the same as we do when we plant the fine varieties of peaches and other fruit. Nuts Rapidly Growing Popular. Lovers of Brazil nuts or "nigger tobs," the richest and oiliest of all nuts, ought to have tneir appetites fully satisfied this year, as the cro,) for 1903 was a phenomenal one. This year's crop will excel last year's by 800 tons. Out of the 8,034 tons raised this year the United States has secured 4,964 tons, or about 66 per cent, of the crop against 44 per cent, in 1900. Europe *akes 2,770 tons, showing how great the demand for nuts in the United States is compared witn other countries. Almonds and English walnuts come from Italv and Snain with a QRONA/ER few grown in Southern California. The latter received its name from first reaching the American market through the London and Liverpool jobbers. The best pecans, now becoming so popular m America, are grown in Texas and Louisiana, wherH for twenty years they have been cul- tivated regularily. These are the healthiest of all nuts. We all know where the chest- nuts grow and see our markets flooded with them every year The Italian chestnuts are very fine and are used in stuffing for roast turkey and chicken. Nut bread is very wholesome and the most popular candies now are made with nuts as a founda- tion. New recipes employing nuts are constantly being published, show- ing their rapidly growing popu- larity.—H. F. Wells in Health Culture. Good Walnut Prospects. A trip through the walnut dis- trict of Whittier made a few days ago reveals the fact that there will be a splendid crop in many cases, a fair yield in a large number of orchards, and perhaps a satisfact- ry turn-out upon the average for the whole territory, savs the hor- ticultural editor of the Los Ange- les Times. Those who have thought that walnut industry is on the decline should take a run through some of the grovas I have pepn within thp Inst fpw davs. the: nut They will then see that walnut growing is about the liveliest busi- ness in the catalogue. I saw nc evidence of hligtit, and that mala- dy eliminated, the industry is as stable as any farming enterprise upon the continent. If anyone can find a more vigorous or beau- tiful picture of orcharding than the average walnut grove presents, should photograph it and send it to Commis?ioner Wiggins for ex- hibition.— California Fruit Grow- er. Nuts As Food United States reports on food- staffs show that the experiment ir>ade by tlie Government point to the conclusion that uuts are not indigestible and are to be counted among the jiealthiest ot foods. Nuts gained an evil reputation from the fact that they were con- sidered merely as light dessert and were eaten frequently at the end of a heavy dinner, when, in truth, they should have been classed as piece de resistance, says the Her- ald, of Biloxi, Miss. It is not necessary to be a vegetarian to ap- preciate the value of nuts as food. They add to the variety and luxu- ry of the table as well as to the economy. They are rich in oil, with only a small percentage of the so-called carbohydrates, such as starcli and sugar, and they also contain a large proportion of ni- trogenous constituents. It goes without saying, then, says the Chi- cago Chronicle, that nuts are among the most highly concentra- GRONwVER 189 ted forms of nourishment, and while they may be eaten freely, it should be with discretion in con- nection with lighter forms of food. The increased demand for nuts has given an impetus to farmers from Maine to California. Chestnut and walnut orchards promise to be a significant feature of the farm and a most profitable investment. English varieties baveth? pr^fer- euce, since they bear more quickly and more prolifically than any known American variety. In these days, when the cost of living has increased as it has during the past decade, anything that adds to the bill of fare without tending to de- plete the purse is welcome as a boon. Learn how to use nuts and make your table more inviting at less cost. Fruit and Nut Salad. Make a clear fruit jelly with or- ange, lemon and pineapple juice and gelatine. Turn into a border mold to harden. When ready to serve turn out on a round flat plate and fill the center with blanched nuts, oranges, pineapple and Maraschino cherries, covered with the following fruit dressing: Boil one-half cupful of sugar with one-quarter cupful of water until it ropes. Add the unbeaten white of one egg and simmer three min- utes. Take from the fire aikd add the juice, one-fourth of a cupful of sherry and one-fourth of a cup- ful of pineapple juice. Strain through a cloth, pour over the fruit and cool in retvigerator. Julia Sedgwick King. 1 so the: nut-qrower Book Notices. Twentieth Annual Report Of Agricultural Experiment Station, Univer- sity of Wisconsin. A valuable volume of over 400 pages. Pecans. The What, When and How of Growing Them, By J. B. Wight, Cairo, Ga. A fine 16 page pam- phlet with author's eighteen years of experi- ence, graphic-ally told. Free to our subscrib- ers, who send stamp for postage. California The Land of Promise. Fourteenth Annum Report of The State Board of Trade, San Francisco, Oal. A most elegant and interesting Pamphlet of 60 pages. Golden California. Tohay the hind of opportunity, by Esperanza Laud and Oil Co., San Jose, Cal. Price 250 CATALOGUE flENTION. Catalogue, Trade and Descriptive Lists, Prospectus, Etc., for Seasons of i904=-5 In this column, simple mention will be made of such publications as may be of interest to the industry. Those having special or novel features, will receive furthernotice, as circum- stances seem to warrant. Keep & Nelson Pecan Co., New Orleans, La. Descriptive price list of Pecans. Four pages with illustrations of seven choice varieties. The Pecan and Its Culture. A handsome 24 page Booklet by S. W. Peek, Hartwell, Ga. The Pecan. Hints on planting and culture with price list. H. S. Graves, Gainsville, Fla. The Nelson Pecan. Introduces description of a new nut by Wm. Nelson, with cuts showing exact size. By Keep & Nelson Pecan Co., Station B., New Orleans, La. Buddine Prerequisites. Buds, Budding, Knives-Raffia — Four pages. Alabama Nursery Co., Huntsville, Ala. The Standard Pecan Co., Unity Bnildins, Bloomington, 111. Prospectus, 16 pasres, descriptive of plan for safe and profi- table investment in pecan plantations. Jaccobs Maiuiuoth Pecans. Catalogue and Price List, for 1904-0"i. 16 pa,ges, Illustrated. Mrs. C. W. Jacobs, Formo- isa, Fla. Gulf Coast Pecans. A small leaflet, by Standard Pefan Co. , of Bloomington, 111., with ten letters and certifi cates from responsible persons at Monticello, Fla. The same firm sends a folder with tine half tone cuts of trees and nuts. Jacooks's Mammoth Pecans. Descriptive Catalogue and Price List, Mrs- C. W. Jacocks, Formosa, Fla. Nut Bearing Trees. Catalogue and Price List of Summit Nurse- ries, Montjcello, Fla,, D. L. Pierson, Proprietor Finely Illustrated, with description of twelve choice pecans and some varieties of chesnnts. Alexander Seed Company, Summer and Fall Catalogue. Augusta, Ga,, The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co., Dewitt, Ga, send out notice of a new edition of their Book on the Pecan, which will be ready for the trade during August. Price List of Budded and Grafted Pecans, Jas. A. Bear, Palatka, Fla. P«!*^r%*%«»---^^'I^ NOTHING ecans but pecans. BEST VARIETIES. JVartweli TfurserieSy S. W. PEEK, Proprietor. HARTWELL, GA. Send for Catalogue. Established 188'i. NOTICE To World's Fair Visitors and Del- dg:ates. We will meet you on arrival at Union Statoon and accompany you to our houses. Rooms with breakfast |3.00 a day per person ; two per- sons 15.00 in our first-class houses; $2 50 a day per person with breakfast; two persons $4.00 in second-class houses and $1.00 a day per per- son room only ; two in a room 75c each ; meals 35c and upwards in third-class houses. All houses have bath, gas and other conveniences FREE. Linens changed daily. Our first-class houses are good as the Plant- ers' Hotel ; our second-class houses are as good as the Rozier; our third-class houses are good as the Inside Inn. All detached and absolute- ly fire from dangers by fire. If you care for your lives, beware of fire traps and if you care for your stomach, beware of hash houses. We invite you to give us a trial. Address, Main Office Laclede BIdg., Bell Phone 2318, or Branch Office 1833 Market St., Bell Phone 1781. MISSOURI RENTAL CO. ST. LOUlS, MO. i