' DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND LAND MANAGEMENT Western Australian Herbarium Department of Conservation and Land Management Como, Western Australia NUYTSIA Published by the Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, Western Australia 6152. All papers should be submitted to Dr Barbara Rye, Editor, Nuytsia. Email: BarbararCherb.calm.wa.gov.au SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS UNIT Coordinator: K.F. Kenneally Editor: M.R.L. Lewis Assistant Editor: J.W. Searle The journals Nuytsia and CALMScience are products of the Science Publications Unit which links the work of two CALM divisions: Science and Information, and Corporate Relations. They form part of the latter's Programs and Publications section. Their purpose is to present the scientific work of CALM to a professional readership on a regular basis. NUYTSIA EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE B.L. Rye (Nuytsia Editor) J.R. Wheeler (Assistant Editor) N.S. Lander T.D. Macfarlane N.G. Marchant J.W. Searle (Editorial Assistant/Page Preparation) ENQUIRIES Enquiries regarding distribution and subscriptions should be addressed to the Marketing Manager, Corporate Relations Division, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, WA 6152. Phone: (09) 334 0296 Fax: (09) 334 0498 © Copyright CALM, 1996. ISSN 0085-4417 All material in this journal is copyright and may not be reproduced except with the written permission of the publishers. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia CONTENTS Page New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae). By A.S. George 313 A reassessment of Prasophyllum gracile and P. macrostachyum (Orchidaceae), with the description off. paulinae, a new species from south-west Western Australia. By D.L. Jones and M.A. Clements 409 Drosera kenneallyi (Droseraceae), a new tropical species of carnivorous plant from the Kimberley, northern Western Australia. By A. Lowrie 419 Stylidium fimbriatum (Stylidiaceae), a new tropical species of triggerplant from the Kimberley, Western Australia. By A. Lowrie and K.F. Kenneally 425 Wurmbea saccata (Colchicaceae), a lepidopteran-pollinated new species from Western Australia. By T.D. Macfarlane and S J. van Leeuwen 429 Eucalyptus semota (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Ashburton District of Western Australia. By C.J. Macpherson and P.J. Grayling 437 Acacia thomsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Acacia section Juliflorae), a new species from the tropical dry zone of Australia. By B.R. Maslin and M.W. McDonald 443 Granitites, a new genus of Rhamnaceae from the south-west of Western Australia. By B.L. Rye 451 Tetragonia coronata, a new species of Aizoaceae from Western Australia. By B.L. Rye and M.E. Trudgen 459 Short Communications Update to the informal names used in “Flora of the Perth Region”. By S. Curry and A.R. Chapman 463 Update to the informal names used in “Flora of the Kimberley Region”. By S. Curry and A.R. Chapman 464 Recognition and distribution of Solanum hoplopetalum and S. hystrix (Solanaceae) in Australia. By B.J. Lepschi 467 Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora 471 Referees consulted for Volume 10 472 Publication date of Nuytsia Volume 10 Number 2 472 Notes for Authors 473 Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, Western Australia 6152 Cover Nuytsia floribunda (Labill.) R. Br. ex Fenz.1 (Loranthaceae) - the Western Australian Christmas Tree is one of the few arborescent mistletoes in the world. This endemic tree is a semi-parasite common in sandy soil from the Murchison River to Israelite Bay. The journal is named after the plant, which in turn commemorates Pieter Nuijts, an ambassador of the Dutch East India Company, who in 1627 accompanied the “Guide Zeepard" on one of the first explorations along the south coast of Australia. Cover design by Sue Marais Photograph A.S. George Nuytsia 10 (3): 313-408 (1996) 313 New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) A.S. George “Four Gables”, 1 8 Barclay Road, Kardinya, Western Australia 6163 Abstract A.S. George. New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae). Nuytsia 10 (3): 313-408 (1996). In preparation for an account in Volume 17 of the “Flora of Australia”, new taxa (10 series, 29 species, 24 subspecies, 10 varieties) and a new infrageneric classification are presented. Twelve new combinations are made. A number of previously-published names are lecto- or neotypified. The work is based on classical taxonomic methods. The genus now consists of three subgenera, 24 series, 92 species and 36 infrageneric taxa. Keys to all taxa are given. The conservation status is given for each taxon treated; some are very restricted and two almost extinct in the wild. Introduction The genus Dryandra, described in 1810 by Robert Brown, is endemic in Western Australia. Most of the taxa previously named were published last century by Brown (1810, 1830) and Meisner (1856), and a generic treatment was published by Bentham (1870). Various taxa have been described since, particularly by Gardner (1927, 1964). For many years a revision has been sorely needed, but one by the current author, begun more than 20 years ago, is only now reaching completion for the “Flora of Australia”. As part of the preparation for that work, a new infrageneric classification, concise descriptions of all new taxa and, where necessary, typifications of published names are presented here. The paper also gives keys to all taxa and a complete list of taxa in possible systematic sequence. Methods This work is based on a morphological study of herbarium material combined with field work. Almost all taxa have been seen in the field. Representatives of most types have been studied. Measurements are taken from herbarium material, but because of the sclerophyllous nature of dryandras there is virtually no change in dimensions from the fresh state. The width of the leaf lamina is taken at the greatest width including the lobes or teeth. Since the genus is endemic in south-western Western Australia, the State has been omitted from the notes on distribution of each taxon described. 314 Nuytsia Voi. 10, No. 3 (1996) Previous infrageneric classifications were published by Brown (1830), Meisner (1856) and Bentham (1870). Meisner proposed a classification with two ranks, one of section based on the fruit and seed, the other of informal rank designated by the symbol § based mainly on foliage. Bentham also had two ranks, section based on seed and to a less extent the involucre, and series based primarily on flowers, inflorescence and leaves. Virtually all these infrageneric taxa are now considered heterogeneous, hence considerable rationalization is needed. As far as possible, existing infrageneric names have been retained and, where necessary, lectotypified. Two infrageneric ranks are used - subgenus and series. Although within subg. Dryandra the number of series with one or few species is remarkable, it reflects the morphology of the subgenus, for many species are very distinctive, yet an overall unity remains. The concepts adopted for the ranks of species, subspecies and variety are the same as those used in Verticordia (George 1991), i.e. species where morphological characters and states are considered significant in the overall context of the genus, subspecies where the difference(s) are less significant and there is a geographical and/or ecological discontinuity, and variety where the difference(s) likewise are less significant than at specific rank but there is no geographical or ecological separation. The suggested systematic sequence, required for the “Flora of Australia” treatment, is based very much on a subjective assessment of morphology in the genus. Relationships are quite evident within particular groups of species, mostly represented here by the series. There are, however, many distinctive species, e.g. D. subulata , D. fraseri and D. idiogenes, whose relationships are unclear, hence the large number of monotypic series. Dryandra is wide open for more detailed research, not only into its systematics but also into its biology, for little is known about pollinators and other fauna associated with it. Key to infrageneric taxa 1 Separator absent; seed wing annular, and with a large supplementary wing each side and attached at the base subg. 3 Diplophragma 1 : Separator present between seeds (often only 1 seed fertile); seed wing terminal or absent 2 Seed not winged 3 Follicle ± cartilaginous subg. 2 Hemiclidia 3: Follicle woody ser. 15 Ionthocarpae 2: Follicle woody subg. 1 Dryandra 4 Pistil longer than perianth 5 Perianth straight or the limb inflexed centripetally before anthesis; pistil similarly straight or bowed centripetally, rarely centrifugally 6 Pollen presenter markedly swollen; perianth lobes flared widely at apex of basal tube; flowers fewer than 20 per head ser. 22 Pectinatae 6: Pollen presenter not or scarcely enlarged; perianth not flared but in some species succulent near base; flowers 30-220 per head 7 Perianth swollen and succulent above base (appears thick but irregularly shrivelled in dried specimens) ser. 12 Runcinatae 7: Perianth not swollen or succulent 8 At least some leaves bipinnatifid; hairs of perianth claws sticky ser. 23 Acuminatae A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 315 8: No leaves bipinnatifid; hairs of perianth claws not sticky 9 Receptacle markedly convex; flowers at anthesis arising around a central hole ser. 24 Niveae 9: Receptacle flat or gently convex or concave; flowers at anthesis ± evenly spaced in head 10 Leaves pinnatisect with large triangular lobes ser. 13 Triangulares 10: Leaves otherwise 1 1 Follicle 5-6 mm long; seed wing small ser. 6 Capitellatae 1 1 : Follicle 6-24 mm long; seed wing prominent 12 Floral bracts apparently absent; pistil straight; leaves sessile or petiole less than 5 mm long, the margins flat or very slightly recurved ser. 1 Floribundae 12: Floral bracts present; pistil usually curved; leaves with petiole usually more than 5 mm long and margins recurved to revolute 13 Longest involucral bracts as long as flowers 14 Leaves very large, pinnatipartite (lamina usually 20-45 cm long and 5-14 cm wide with linear lobes); pistil 58-74 mm long ser. 14 Aphragma 14: Leaves cuneate, dentate or serrate, or narrowly linear with widely spaced short recurved teeth; pistil 27-52 mm long 15 Leaves cuneate, less than 12 cm long; involucral bracts tomentose and plumose; pistil 30-52 mm long ser. 7 Ilicinae 15: Leaves linear, up to 35 cm long; involucral bracts sparsely pubescent to glabrous except ciliate margins; pistil 27-28 mm long ser. 10 Decurrentes 13: Longest involucral bracts shorter than flowers 16 Leaves white-tomentose all over below ser. 7 Ilicinae 16: Leaves not tomentose below except in pits 17 Follicle 15-21 mm long 18 Leaves pinnatifid with 25-1 10 small triangular lobes each side; receptacle flat; follicles curved-obovate ser. 9 Foliosae 18: Leaves pinnatisect with fewer than 20 linear lobes each side; receptacle very convex; follicles cuneate ser. 4 Folliculosae 17: Follicle less than 14.5 mm long 19 Follicle ovate, longer than wide; seed wing markedly decurrent on one side only 20 Pistil exserted but not prominently looped before anthesis; pollen presenter narrow 21 Leaves relatively soft; involucral bracts broad, obtuse, closely tomentose outside; pistil usually more than 35 mm long, stout ser. 8 Dryandra 21: Leaves sclerophyllous; involucral bracts usually narrow, acute to acuminate, glabrous to pubescent or hirsute outside; pistil usually less than 35 mm long, slender ser. 2 Armatae 316 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 20: Pistil looped out prominently before anthesis; pollen presenter ovoid ser. 3 Marginatae 19: Follicle transversely elliptic to obovate; seed wing decurrent almost to base on each side ser. 5 Acrodontae 5: All perianths and pistils in head markedly curved downwards or upwards 22 Involucral bracts prominently hirsute with the longest hairs up to 3-5 mm long ser. 19 Plumosae 22: Involucral bracts tomentose, velvety or shortly hirsute, the longest hairs less than 2 mm long 23 Leaf lamina (excluding teeth or lobes) elliptic, oblong or broadly linear; follicles oblique, ovate, elliptic or oblong; pollen presenter 0.3-0.8 mm long ser. 20 Concinnae 23: Leaf lamina (excluding teeth or lobes) narrowly linear; follicles erect, ovate, obovate, cuneate or transversely elliptic; pollen presenter 1-1.5 mm long ser. 21 Obvallatae 4: Pistil shorter than or as long as perianth 24 Follicle with a prominent terminal tuft of long rusty hairs ser. 15 Ionthocarpae 24: Follicle hairy all over or ± glabrous 25 Inflorescence subtended by reduced rigid, entire, pungent, scabrous leaves ser. 17 Subulatae 25: Leaves subtending inflorescence lobed, or if entire then not rigid or scabrous 26 Involucre of broad brown bracts, usually shining 27 Involucral bracts cartilaginous, pubescent, hirsute or almost glabrous; flowers gold, orange or pinkish; seed wing entire 28 At least some leaves 20 mm or more wide, with large triangular to linear lobes; involucral bracts villous, hirsute or pubescent all over ser. 14 Aphragma 28: Leaves less than 6 mm wide, shortly pinnatifid, serrate or entire; involucral bracts appressed-pubescent to glabrous except shortly pubescent margins ser. 1 1 Tenuifoliae 27: Involucral bracts papery, cobwebby; flowers red and white; seed wing notched ser. 1 6 Inusitatae 26: Involucre of narrow, hairy bracts, usually dull ser. 18 Gymnocephalae Key to species 1 Pistil longer than perianth, the style bowed and exserted laterally between 2 tepals before anthesis 2 Involucral bracts shorter than perianth/pistil 3 Pistil crook-shaped, 68-79 mm long; pollen presenter prominent, ovoid; tepals flared widely at apex of basal tube; flowers 12-17 per head (Badgingarra district) D. nana 3: Pistil straight to gently curved, usually less than 60 mm long; pollen presenter narrow; flowers 20-250 per head A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 317 4 Receptacle prominently convex; flowers arising in a circle around a central hole at anthesis 5 Leaves pinnatipartite, usually with at least some lobes also pinnatipartite; involucral bracts subulate; perianth loosely hirsute with sticky hairs (between Woodanilling, Cranbrook & Collie) D. preissii 5: Leaves simply pinnatipartite; involucral bracts obtuse to shortly acute; perianth villous to pubescent with non-sticky hairs 6 Leaf lobes essentially subulate, linear or oblong 7 Leaf lobes subulate 8 Leaf lobes not twisted, held vertically (Kojonup to Ongerup, Stirling Range & Albany) D. arctotidis 8: Leaf lobes twisted so that upper half of lamina is ± horizontal (Eneabba to Cataby) D. tortifolia 7: Leaf lobes oblong or linear 9 Plant with underground stems; fire-tolerant; leaf lobes 15-35 each side (Geraldton to Cape Naturaliste & E to Corrigin & Traysurin) D. lindleyana 9: Plant with stems above ground, fire-sensitive; leaf lobes 40-70 each side (Albany to Stirling Range & E to Cape le Grand) D. brownii 6: Leaf lobes essentially triangular 10 Plant with underground stems, fire-tolerant 1 1 Leaf lobes 1-3 mm wide at base, the lower (basal) margin more revolute than the upper, slightly overlapping (near Badgingarra) D. stenoprion 1 1 : Leaf lobes 2-8 mm wide at base, both margins slightly and ± equally revolute, not overlapping; widespread 12 Leaves 10-15 mm wide; lobes with tips usually recurved (W of Arrino to Alexander Morrison National Park) D. cypholoba 12: Leaves 5-8 mm wide; lobes ± flat (Geraldton to Cape Naturaliste & E to Corrigin & Traysurin) D. lindleyana 10: Plant with above-ground stems, fire-sensitive (Lake Indoon to Nyabing & E to Cape Arid, on the Scott River plain & E of Busselton) D. nivea 4: Receptacle gently concave, or flat, or gently convex; flowers arising ± equally-spaced from the receptacle at anthesis 13 At least some leaves more than 20 cm long; mostly low shrubs with short stems 14 Leaves entire or almost so in upper two thirds, the lowest third pinnatipartite with subulate lobes (Pingelly to Tambellup) D. subpinnatifida 14: Leaves prominently pinnatipartite throughout 15 Leaves 4-18 mm wide 16 Leaf lobes 6-21 each side (Esperance to Mt Ragged) D. longifolia 16: Leaf lobes 25-1 10 each side 17 Pistil 42-56 mm long (Eneabba to Katanning) D. nobilis 17: Pistil 18-40 mm long 318 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 18 Perianth 17-19 mm long; pistil 18-21 mm long (Stirling Range) D. montana 18: Perianth 25-30 mm long; pistil 28-40 mm long 19 Leaves with 25-45 lobes each side (near Busselton, Stirling Range to Albany) D. baxteri 19: Leaves with 60-1 10 lobes each side (Tarin Rock, Ravensthorpe) D. foliosissima 15: Most leaves more than 20 mm wide 20 Leaf lobes linear; pistil 58-74 mm long; perianth limb 9-10 mm long (Cadoux to Hyden) D. shanklandiorum 20: Leaf lobes triangular, usually broadly so 21 Pistil pilose in lower half; follicles 5-6 mm long, with prominent terminal tuft of hairs (Kamballup) D. ionthocarpa 21: Pistil glabrous; follicles 13-19 mm long, sparsely hairy, glabrescent 22 Leaves less than 25 mm wide (Eneabba to Katanning) D. nobilis 22: Leaves 25-70 mm wide 23 Leaf lobes prominently curved in to apex (Mogumber to Bremer Bay) D. drummondii 23: Leaf lobes with ± straight edges 24 Stems with ± straight lanceolate villous prophylls; perianth 35 — 43 mm long, the limb 8-11 mm long; flowers 50-85 per head (Nyabing to Hyden) D. octotriginta 24: Stems with recurved, ovate-oblong tomentose prophylls; perianth 44-56 mm long, the limb 12-14 mm long; flowers c. 1 10 per head (near Badgingarra) D. catoglypta 13: Leaves usually less than 20 cm long, in several species some longer 25 Leaves with at least some lobes again pinnatipartite; perianth claws loosely hirsute with sticky hairs (Woodanilling to Cranbrook & Collie) D. preissii 25: Leaves simply pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; perianth hairs not sticky 26 Pistil c. 15 mm longer than perianth; leaves 3-4 mm wide (Wongan Hills) D- pulchella 26: Pistil usually no more than 10 mm longer than perianth, if longer than 15 mm then leaves at least 6 mm wide 27 Leaf lamina excluding lobes cuneate to obovate 28 Leaves white-tomentose below 29 Leaves sessile or almost so, 22-50 mm wide; longest involucral bracts to 12-15 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long (Clackline to Dwellingup) D. praemorsa 29: Leaves petiolate, 12-22 mm wide; longest involucral bracts to 20-25 mm long; floral bracts 15-17 mm long (Stirling Range) D. anatona 28: Leaves glabrous below except pits 30 Floral bracts absent; leaf margins flat (Kalbarri to Albany) D. sessilis 30: Floral bracts present; leaf margins recurved to revolute 3 1 Follicles 6-7 mm long, not indurated; perianth limb glabrous or sparsely hairy A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 319 32 Leaves bright green; flowers ± bright yellow (Stirling Range to Israelite Bay) D. falcata 32: Leaves glaucous; flowers pale yellow (Eneabba to Mogumber) D. glauca 31: Follicles 10-14 mm long, indurated; perianth limb hairy 33 Involucral bracts pale; pistil 24-40 mm long; pollen presenter 1-1.3 mm long, pale; flowers 35-100 per head (Narrogin to Albany & Israelite Bay) D. cuneata 33: Involucral bracts dark brown; pistil 22-26 mm long; pollen presenter 1 mm long, dark brown; flowers 180-190 per head (Gillingarra) D. fuscobractea 27: Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear, oblong, elliptic or narrowly obovate 34 Leaf lamina narrowly obovate with no or 1-3 teeth each side 35 Heads terminal, conspicuous; pistil 16-23 mm long; perianth creamy-white, often pink-tinged; shrub without lignotuber (Geraldton to Gingin) D. carlinoides 35: Heads on short branchlet near base of stem, inconspicuous; pistil 30-40 mm long; perianth yellow; many-stemmed shrub with lignotuber (Arrowsmith to Hill River) D. tridentata 34: Leaf lamina linear, oblong or elliptic, usually with several to many lobes each side 36 Pistils within head straight or bowed towards centre 37 Perianth 43-60 mm long 38 Stems with ± straight lanceolate villous prophylls; perianth limb 8-1 1 mm long; flowers 50-85 per head; (Nyabing to Hyden) D. octotriginta 38: Stems with recurved, ovate-oblong tomentose prophylls; perianth limb 12-14 mm long; flowers 1 10 per head (near Badgingarra) D. catoglypta 37: Perianth 38 mm or less long 39 Leaves pinnatisect (Kalbarri to Cranbrook) D. fraseri 39: Leaves pinnatipartite or serrate 40 Leaf lobes linear 4 1 Perianth 29-34 mm long; pistil 32-43 mm long; shrub without lignotuber; leaves 25-35 mm wide, sinuses between lobes 5-15 mm across (Gnowangerup to Munglinup) D. cirsioides 41: Perianth 20-27 mm long; pistil 22-33 mm long; shrub with lignotuber 42 Flowers c. 80-100 per head; shrub usually suckering; leaves 40-45 mm wide; sinuses 10-25 mm across (Newdegate to Hyden & Frank Hann National Park) D. xylothemelia 42: Flowers c. 35 per head; leaves 10-25 mm wide; sinuses 3-7 mm across (Kulin to Nyabing) D. meganotia 40: Leaf lobes or teeth triangular 320 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 43 Flowers golden orange, sometimes pink-tinged; heads 5-7 cm diam. 44 Leaves soft; floral bracts glabrous (Busselton to Two Peoples Bay & Stirling Range) D. formosa 44: Leaves rather leathery; floral bracts hirsute or villous 45 Leaves divided more than half way to midrib, usually dark green above; at least some leaves 15-20 cm long; follicles 16-19 mm long (Eneabba to Katanning) D. nobilis 45: Leaves divided less than half way to midrib, usually bluish green above; leaves never more than 15 cm long; follicles 9-11 mm long (York to Broomehill) D. stuposa 43: Flowers pale to medium yellow; heads less than 4 cm diam. 46 Leaves 3-9 mm wide 47 Pistil loosely hirsute 48 Pollen presenter 2.5-4 mm long; involucral bracts mainly glabrous outside except margins, shining brown (Badgingarra, Mogumber) D. serratuloides 48: Pollen presenter 0.9- 1.3 mm long; involucral bracts hirsute and tomentose 49 Pollen presenter 0.9- 1.2 mm long, noticeably thicker than apex of style; perianth 12-20 mm long; pistil markedly looped before anthesis (Eneabba to Armadale) D. kippistiana 49: Pollen presenter 1-1.3 mm long, scarcely thicker than apex of style; perianth 19-22 mm long; pistil gently bowed before anthesis (Eneabba to Badgingarra) D. sclerophylla 47: Pistil glabrous except a few hairs on ovary 50 Pistil 16-19 mm long (New Norcia to Bindoon) D. polycephala 50: Pistil 22-31 mm long 51 Pistil 27-31 mm long; perianth limb hirsute (Three Springs to Badgingarra) D. stricta 5 1 : Pistil 22-26 mm long; perianth limb glabrous or with a few hairs near base (New Norcia to Regans Ford & Gingin) D. echinata 46: Leaves 10-35 mm wide 52 At least some leaves 15 cm or more long 53 Flowers 150-250 per head; involucral bracts 14-30 mm long; perianth limb hairy at least in lower half (Esperance to Mt Ragged) D. longifolia 53: Flowers 35-65 per head; involucral bracts c. 10 mm long; perianth limb glabrous 54 Pistil 32-33 mm long (Wongan Hills) D. wonganensis 54: Pistil 23-27 mm long A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 321 55 Perianth limb c. 2.5 mm long; involucral bracts pubescent with densely ciliate margins; pollen presenter 1-1.5 mm long (Moora to New Norcia & Cataby) D. hewardiana 55: Perianth limb 3-4 mm long; involucral bracts glabrous or with shortly ciliate margins; pollen presenter 1.8-2 mm long (Three Springs) D. trifontinalis 52: Leaves less than 13 cm long (juvenile leaves may be longer) 56 Leaves with subulate teeth on petiole and base (Woodanilling to Katanning) D. acanthopoda 56: Leaves without teeth on petiole and base 57 Pistil 40-48 mm long 58 Involucral bracts mainly glabrous; stems closely pubescent (Kalbarri to Three Springs) D. borealis 58: Involucral bracts hirsute; stems hirsute and tomentose (Stirling Range) D. hirsuta 57: Pistil 20-39 mm long 59 Pistil glabrous (Kulin to Nyabing & Frank Hann National Park) D. pallida 59: Pistil hirsute in lower third to half 60 Pollen presenter 0.8- 1.5 mm long 61 Pistil 20-26 mm long; involucral bracts usually recurved; leaf lobes up to 10 each side (Bindoon to Albany; Whicher Range) D. squarrosa 61: Pistil 28-32 mm long; involucral bracts all erect; leaf lobes 1-6 each side (N of Southern Cross) D. arborea 60: Pollen presenter 3-4.5 mm long 62 Perianth 25-32 mm long; limb 4-4.5 mm long; floral bracts glabrous (Mt Lesueur to Albany & E to Israelite Bay) D. armata 62: Perianth 22-24 mm long; limb 4. 5-6.5 mm long; floral bracts hirsute at base (Tathra National Park to Bendering) D. purdieana 36: Pistils within head curved downwards or downwards and with the apex upturned 63 Pistils curved downwards then up 64 Leaf lamina except lobes elliptic; involucral bracts silky-villous; floral bracts hirsute both sides (Stirling Range, Albany) D. concinna 64: Leaf lamina except lobes linear; involucral bracts appressed-pubescent; floral bracts hirsute one side, glabrous the other (Bow River to Mt Manypeak) D. serra 63: Pistil curved ± evenly downwards 65 Leaves except lobes oblong; lobes obliquely ovate; involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate (Stirling Range) D. foliolata 322 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 65: Leaves except lobes narrowly linear; lobes linear to narrowly triangular; involucral bracts linear to subulate 66 Leaf lobes strongly twisted (Stirling Range) D. montana 66: Leaf lobes not twisted 67 Floral bracts 5-6 mm long; pollen presenter 1.5- 1.8 mm long; follicles obliquely obovate or elliptic (Miling to South Stirling) D. conferta 67: Floral bracts 3.5-4 mm long; pollen presenter 1 mm long 68 Leaf lobes 10-25 each side; follicles transversely ovate (Eneabba to Mogumber) D- platycarpa 68: Leaf lobes 2-5 each side; follicles narrowly ovate (Stirling Range) D. seneciifolia 2: Involucral bracts as long as or exceeding perianth/pistil 69 Pistil straight or gently curved outwards or inwards 70 Involucral bracts broad, obtuse, dark red-brown, often shining 71 Involucral bracts 80-90 mm long (near Kulin) D. epimicta 71: Involucral bracts 30-75 mm long 72 Perianth not swollen at apex of basal tube; limb usually 5-7 mm long, occasionally to 7.5 mm 73 Pollen presenter 5-5.5 mm long; pistil 35-38 mm long (Fitzgerald River to Israelite Bay) D- obtusa 73 Pollen presenter 2.S-3.5 mm long; pistil 23-31 mm long 74 Leaves entire or pinnatifid with obtuse to acute lobes; petiole very slender, to 5 cm long; flowers c. 80-100 per head; floral bracts c. 4 mm long; prostrate or sprawling shrub to 3 m across or bushy and up to 1.5 m tall (Darkan to Esperance) D. tenuifolia 74: Leaves distantly pinnatifid with recurved pungent lobes; petiole robust, to 2 cm long; flowers c. 150 per head; floral bracts 10-11 mm long; dense, erect shrub to 3 m tall (Wongan Hills) D. comosa 72: Perianth swollen and succulent at apex of basal tube; limb 7-8.5 mm long 75 Leaves serrate; erect shrubs 76 Involucral bracts 40-50 mm long (Ravensthorpe) D. corvijuga 76: Involucral bracts 50-75 mm long (Toodyay to Narrogin) D. proteoides 75: Leaves pinnatifid, rarely almost entire; low or prostrate shrubs (Pingelly to Stirling Range & E to Forrestania) D. ferruginea 70: Involucral bracts acuminate, usually plumose, pale to dark brown 77 Leaves broadly cuneate, serrate (Gairdner River to Ravensthorpe) D. quercifolia 77: Leaves linear, pinnatifid 78 Perianth 15-20 mm long (Stirling Range area) D. mucronulata 78: Perianth 25-30 mm long 79 Involucral bracts silky-villous; leaf teeth 60-110 each side of leaf (Busselton; Stirling Range to Albany) D. baxteri A.S. George, New taxa and anew infrageneric classification in Dryandra 323 79: Involucral bracts tomentose; leaf teeth 25-45 each side of leaf (Tarin Rock, Ravensthorpe) D. foliosissima 69: Pistil curved down 80 Involucral bracts softly plumose (Stirling Range to Bremer Bay) D. plumosa 81 Longest involucral bracts to 30 mm long, filiform towards apex; flowers 45-80 per head; follicle 11-15 mm long (Stirling Range to West Mt Barren) D. plumosa 81: Longest involucral bracts to 20 mm long, narrow but not filiform towards apex; flowers c. 90-100 per head; follicle 17-18 mm long (Stirling Range) D. pseudoplumosa 80: Involucral bracts tomentose or hirsute 82 Leaves serrate to dentate; involucral bracts silky-villous (Corrigin to Kukerin) D. fasciculata 82: Leaves pinnatifid; involucral bracts hirsute or pubescent 83 Leaf lobes 5-18 each side of leaf, triangular-falcate; involucral bracts with glandular hairs (Pingelly) D. columnaris 83: Leaf lobes 2-5 each side of leaf; involucral bracts without glandular hairs 84 Pistil 23-31 mm long, yellow; involucral bracts 25-33 mm long (Corrigin to Kukerin) D. fasciculata 84: Pistil 18-22 mm long, red; involucral bracts to 20 mm long (Woodanilling to Nyabing & Tarin Rock) D. rufistylis 1: Pistil c. as long as or slightly shorter than perianth, the style not laterally exserted before anthesis 85 Leaves bipinnatifid (Eneabba to Manjimup) D. bipinnatiflda 85: Leaves serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, sometimes entire 86 Leaves entire; heads nodding or horizontal 87 Leaves subtending inflorescence not or little reduced, pliable; involucral bracts 40-50 mm long, plumose; leaves 5-10 cm long; perianth 24-30 mm long; erect, bushy shrub with flowers on upper branches (Tathra National Park to Badgingarra; Tammin) D. speciosa 87: Leaves subtending inflorescence reduced, rigid, pungent; involucral bracts 10-12 mm long, loosely hirsute; leaves 15-35 cm long; perianth 22-24 mm long; low shrub with flowers almost at ground level (Eneabba to Badgingarra) D. subulata 86: Leaves dentate, serrate or pinnatifid 88 Leaves more than 15 mm wide 89 Involucral bracts papery with cobwebby indumentum; flowers red and white (Newdegate) D. idiogenes 89: Involucral bracts firm, tomentose; flowers yellow or golden orange 90 Pistil 34-45 mm long 91 Longest involucral bracts 9-15 mm long 92 Leaf lobes triangular; stems with scattered prophylls (Tenterden to Albany and Wellstead) D. calophylla 324 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 92: Leaf lobes linear; stems covered with prophylls (Woodanilling) D. lepidorhiza 91 : Longest involucral bracts 20-42 mm long 93 Bushy shrub with erect stems; perianth limb 13-15 mm long (Stirling Range to Lort River) D. nervosa 93: Shrub with prostrate, usually underground stems; perianth limb 8-13 mm long 94 Leaves 50-120 mm wide 95 Involucral bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, the innermost to 20 mm long; margins of leaf lobes strongly revolute, usually obscuring lower surface (Fitzgerald River to Israelite Bay; Badgingarra to Eneabba) D. pteridifolia 95: Involucral bracts lanceolate, acute, the innermost to 35-40 mm long; margins of leaf lobes recurved, the lower surface exposed, 3-nerved (Stirling Range) D. blechnifolia 94: Leaves 20-45 mm wide 96 Flowers 20-30 per head; perianth villous above base, orange-pink; pistil 37-40 mm long; leaf lobes 30-40 each side (Woodanilling to Ongerup & Mount Barker) D. porrecta 96: Flowers c. 80 per head; perianth tomentose above base, golden; pistil 33-36 mm long; leaf lobes 18-28 each side (E of Mundaring Weir) D. aurantia 90: Pistil 49-74 mm long (Dumbleyung to Lake Grace & Harrismith) D. Fililoba 88: Leaves less than 15 mm wide; branchlets often covered with prophylls 97 Leaves with 25-75 teeth each side 98 Involucral bracts to 60 mm long, viscid; flowers 60-70 per head; pistil 54-55 mm long (Ironcaps) D. viscida 98: Involucral bracts 20-40 mm long, not viscid; flowers 20-45 per head; pistil 24-35 mm long 99 Shrub with above-ground stems to 70 cm tall; involucral bracts 30-40 mm long; flowers 30-45 per head; perianth brown (Geraldton to Gingin) D. shuttleworthiana 99: Shrub with underground stems; involucral bracts to 22 mm long; flowers 20 per head; perianth yellow (Mogumber, Perth, Whicher Range) D. mimica 97: Leaves with 2-12 teeth each side 100 Pistil 37-49 mm long; pollen presenter 6-7 mm long (Pingelly to Woodanilling) D. cynaroides 100: Pistil 23-36 mm long; pollen presenter 3-4 mm long 101 Flowers 15-25 per head (Kulin to Nyabing & E to Forrestania) ...D. erythrocephala 101: Flowers 35-50 per head 102 Leaves narrowly linear with revolute margins; branchlets hirsute (Tammin to Corrigin & Narembeen) D. horrida 102: Leaves broadly linear with recurved margins; branchlets tomentose (Eneabba to Lake Grace) D. vestita A.S . George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 325 Infrageneric classification The following list of infrageneric taxa, species and infraspecific taxa in a possible systematic sequence is highly speculative, being based on an intellectual and intuitive assessment of the taxa as absorbed from a morphological study and knowledge of taxa in the field. A great deal more research is needed to confirm this scheme or determine a more robust one. Dryandra R. Br. subg. 1 . Dryandra ser. 1. Floribundae Benth. D. sessilis (Knight) Domin var. sessilis , D. sessilis var. cordata (Meisn.) A.S. George, D. sessilis viir.flabellifolia A.S. George, D. sessilis var. cygnorum (Gand.) A.S. George ser. 2. Armatae Benth. D. cuneata R. Br., D. fuscobractea A.S. George, D. armata R. Br. var. armata, D. armata var. ignicida A.S. George, D. arborea C.A. Gardner, D. hirsuta A.S. George, D. pallida A.S. George, D. purdieana Diels, I), xylothemelia A.S. George, D. cirsioides Meisn., D. acanthopoda A.S. George, D. squarrosa R. Br. subsp. squarrosa, D. squarrosa subsp. argillacea A.S. George, D. hewardiana Meisn., D. wonganensis A.S. George, D. trifontinalis A.S. George, D.stricta A.S. George, D. echinata A.S. George, D. polycephala Benth., D. subpinnatifida C.A. Gardner var. subpinnatifida , D. subpinnatifida var. imberbis A.S. George, D. longifolia R. Br. subsp. longifolia, D. longifolia subsp. calcicola A.S. George, D. longifolia subsp. archeos A.S. George, D. borealis A.S. George subsp. borealis, D. borealis subsp. elatior A.S. George ser. 3. Marginatae (Meisn.) A.S. George D. pulchella Meisn. ser. 4. Folliculosae A.S. George D. fraseri R. Br. var. fraseri, D. fraseri var. ashbyi (B.L. Burtt) A.S. George, D. fraseri var. oxycedra A.S. George ser. 5. Acrodontae (Meisn.) A.S. George D. sclerophylla Meisn., D. kippistiana Meisn. var. kippistiana, D. kippistiana var. paenepeccata A.S. George, D. carlinoides Meisn., D. tridentata Meisn. ser. 6. Capitellatae A.S. George D. serratuloides Meisn. subsp. serratuloides, D. serratuloides subsp. perissa A.S. George, D. meganotia A.S. George ser. 7. Ilicinae (Meisn.) A.S. George D. praemorsa Meisn. var. praemorsa, D. praemorsa var. splendens A.S. George, D. quercifolia Meisn., D. anatona A.S. George ser. 8. Dryandra D. formosa R. Br., D. nobilis Lindl. subsp. nobilis, D. nobilis subsp. frag rans A.S. George, D. stuposa Lindl. ser. 9. Foliosae A.S. George D. mucronulata R. Br. subsp. mucronulata, D. mucronulata subsp. retrorsa A.S. George, D. baxteri R. Br., D. foliosissima C.A. Gardner ser. 10. Decurrentes (Meisn.) A.S. George D. comosa Meisn. ser. 11. Tenuifoliae A.S. George D. tenuifolia R. Br. var. tenuifolia, D. tenuifolia var. reptans A.S. George, D. obtusa R. Br. 326 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) ser. 12. Runcinatae (Meisn.) A.S. George D. ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn. subsp. ferruginea. D. ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis A.S. George, D. ferruginea subsp. pumila A.S. George, D. ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba A.S. George, D. ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa A.S. George, D. ferruginea subsp. flavescens A.S. George, D. corvijuga A.S. George, D. epimicta A.S. George, D. proteoides Lindl. ser. 13. Triangulares A.S. George D. drummondii Meisn. subsp. drummondii, D. drummondii subsp. hiemalis A.S. George, D. drummondii subsp. macrorufa A.S. George, D. octotriginta A.S. George, D. catoglypta A.S. George ser. 14. Aphragma (R. Br.) A.S. George D. pteridifolia R. Br. subsp. pteridifolia, D. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis A.S. George, D. fililoba A.S. George, D. shanklandiorum Randall, D. nervosa R. Br., D. blechnifolia R. Br., D. porrecta A.S. George, D. aurantia A.S. George, D. calophylla R. Br., D. lepidorhiza A.S. George ser. 15. Ionthocarpae A.S. George D. ionthocarpa A.S. George ser. 16. Inusitatae A.S. George D. idiogenes A.S. George ser. 17. Subulatae A.S. George D. subulata C.A. Gardner ser. 18. Gymnocephalae Benth. D. cynaroides C.A. Gardner, I), erythrocephala C.A. Gardner var. erythrocephala, D. erythrocephala var. inopinata A.S. George, D. horrida Meisn., D. vestita Meisn., D. viscida A.S. George, D. mimica A.S. George, D. speciosa Meisn. subsp. speciosa, D. speciosa subsp. macrocarpa A.S. George, D. shuttleworthiana Meisn. ser. 19. Plumosae A.S. George D. plumosa R. Br. subsp. plumosa, D. plumosa subsp. denticulata A.S. George, D. pseudoplumosa A.S. George, D. montana C.A. Gardner ex A.S. George ser. 20. Concinnae Benth. D. concinna R. Br., D. serra R. Br., D. foliolata Meisn. ser. 21 . Obvallatae Benth, D. fasciculata A.S. George, D. conferta Benth. var. conferta, D. conferta var. pana A.S. George, D. columnaris A.S. George, D. platycarpa A.S. George, D. seneciifolia R. Br., D. rufistylis A.S. George ser. 22. Pectinatae (Meisn.) A.S. George D. nana Meisn. ser. 23. Acuminatae A.S. George D. preissii Meisn. ser. 24. Niveae Benth. D. arctotidis R. Br., D. tortifolia Meisn., D. stenoprion Meisn., D. cypholoba A.S. George, D. lindleyana Meisn. subsp. lindleyana var. lindleyana, D. lindleyana subsp. lindleyana var. mellicula A.S. George, D. lindleyana subsp. media A.S. George, D. lindleyana subsp. pollosta A.S. George, D. lindleyana subsp. sylvestris A.S. George, D. lindleyana subsp. agricola A.S. George, D. brownii Meisn., D. nivea (Labill.) R. Br. subsp. nivea, D. nivea subsp. uliginosa A.S. George Dryandra subg. 2. Hemiclidia (R. Br.) A.S. George D. falcata R. Br., D. glauca A.S. George A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 327 Dryandra subg. 3. Diplophragma (R. Br.) A.S. George D. bipinnatifida R. Br. subsp. bipinnatifida, D. bipinnatifida subsp. multifida A.S. George DRYANDRA Dryandra R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 211 (1810), nomen conservandum, non Thunberg (1783) (Euphorbiaceae). Type-. D. formosa R. Br. ( typus conservandus ) Josephia R. Br. ex Knight, Cult. Prot. 1 10 (1809). Type : J. sessilis Knight, lecto (here chosen). Hemiclidia R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI, Nov. Holl. 40 (1830). Type: H. baxteri R. Br. Typification. Knight described two species in Josephia but one of his names, J. rachidifolia , is an illegitimate name being a replacement for Banksia nivea Labill., the base name for Dryandra nivea (Labill.) R. Br. His other species is therefore selected as lectotype of Josephia. Subg. 1 Dryandra Dryandra R. Br. subg. Dryandra Follicles woody. Separator present between seeds (often only 1 seed fertile). Seed black; wing terminal. By far the largest subgenus, containing 24 series and 89 species. Ser. 1 Floribundae Dryandra ser. Floribundae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 564, 568 (1870). Type: D. floribunda R. Br. = D. sessilis (Knight) Domin Erect shrubs or small trees without lignotuber. Leaves cuneate to flabelliform, serrate, sessile or almost so; margins flat or almost so. Inflorescence terminal, ± conspicuous; involucral bracts shorter than flowers; floral bracts apparently absent. Perianth straight, slender. Pistil straight, slightly shorter than perianth; pollen presenter cylindrical to ellipsoidal above neck, smooth. Faded flowers soon falling, as a tuft. Follicles ovoid, firmly attached, usually opening as soon as mature. Seed wing terminal. A single, widespread, variable species. The apparent absence of floral bracts is unique in the genus. Dryandra sessilis (Knight) Domin, Vestn. Krai. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat. Prir. 2: 19 (1923) - Josephia sessilis Knight, Cult. Prot. 110 (1809). Type: King George Sound, [Western Australia], October 1791, A. Menzies ( lecto (here chosen): BM; isolecto: BM). 328 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Typification. There are specimens on two sheets at BM. That chosen as lectotype is a flowering specimen on a sheet with the following collection details written on the reverse: ‘New Holland, King Georges Sound, Mr. Arch. Menzies’. The other specimen on the sheet is in leaf only. A variable species here divided into 4 varieties. 1 Stems pubescent; leaves usually no more than 3 cm long, less than 20 mm wide var. cygnorum 1 : Stems hirsute, soon glabrescent, rarely pubescent; at least some leaves more than 3 cm long 2 Leaves flabelliform, not auriculate var. flabellifolia 2: Leaves cuneate to oblong, often auriculate 3 Pistil 23-29 mm long; leaves usually 2-3 cm long and up to 25 mm wide, occasionally to 5 cm long var. sessilis 3: Pistil 30-34 mm long; leaves up to 6 cm long and 40 mm wide var. cordata Dryandra sessilis (Knight) Domin var. sessilis D. floribunda R.Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 212 (1810). Type : King George Sound, [Western Australia], December 1801, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3418 ( holo : BM; iso: K). Distribution. Widespread from Regans Ford and Moora to Collie and south-east to Bremer Bay, extending inland to near Wongan Hills, Pingelly and Kulin, and in the Stirling Range. Habitat. Common in the drier Jarrah forest. Grows in lateritic soil and in sand, in open forest, woodland and tall shrubland, often locally dominant. Flowering period. Late May-November. Discussion. The most widespread variety. Plants near the south coast tend to be of more spreading habit and have more robust foliage. Those from the most inland localities have smaller leaves. Dryandra sessilis var. flabellifolia A.S. George, var. nov. Frutex ad 5 m altus. Caules glabri, raro parce pubescentes. Folia flabelliformia, plerumque 2-4 cm longa, 17-35 mm lata, ad basin arete angustata, petiolo plerumque ad 5 mm longo. Flores c. 90 per capitulum. Perianthium 26-28 mm longum. Pistillum 28-29 mm longum; praebitor pollinis 1-1.2 mm longus. Foil iculi 10-1 1 mm longi. Typus: West Binnu Rd, 4.4 km E of junction with Yeringa South Rd, NNW of Northampton, Western Australia, 1 1 August 1993, A.S. George 17026 (holo: PERTH 04228650; iso: CANB). Shrub to 5 m. Stems glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. Leaves flabelliform, mostly 2-4 cm long, 17-35 mm wide, markedly narrowed to base, usually on petiole to 5 mm long. Flowers c. 90 per head. Perianth 26-28 mm long. Pistil 28-29 mm long; pollen presenter 1-1.2 mm long. Follicles 10-11 mm long. A.S. George, New taxa and anew infrageneric classification in Dryandra 329 Selected collections examined. Hydraulic Rd, 8 km Eof Bunney Rd, A. Carr'S! (PERTH); Marchagee Track, 1 km E of Dewar Rd, E.A. Griffin 3470 (PERTH); 32 km N of Geraldton, R.A. Saffrey 1540 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Geraldton and Kalbarri and inland to Northampton, and with scattered records south almost to Moora. Habitat. Grows in deep sand and in lateritic soil, in tall shrubland. Flowering period. June-October. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. From the Latin flabellum (a fan) and folium (a leaf), in reference to the leaf shape. Discussion. Similar to var. sessilis but the leaves are not auriculate. They are usually somewhat glaucous. Dryandra sessilis var. cordata (Meisn.) A.S. George, comb. nov. D. floribunda var. cordata Meisn., in J.G.C. Lehmann (ed.), PI. Preiss. 2: 265 (1848). Type: south- western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 2: 344 (holo: NY; iso: BM, K, MEL). D. floribunda var. major Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 569 (1870). Type: Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia, A. Oldfield (holo: K; iso: MEL). Conservation status. Not endangered. Discussion. This taxon has larger leaves and flowers than the other varieties. Dryandra sessilis var. cygnorum (Gand.) A.S. George, stat. et comb. nov. D. cygnorum Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 230 (1919). Type: Melville (Park) [suburb of Perth, Western Australia], 31 July 1897, A. Morrison (holo: LY, photo seen). D. quinquedentata Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 230 (1919). Type: Swan River, Western Australia, 1902, A. Lea (holo: LY, photo seen). Conservation status. Not endangered. Discussion. Gandoger’s names are synonymous, the characters used to distinguish them (width of leaves, number of leaf teeth, length of flower head) being somewhat variable over the geographic range of the taxon. It is readily distinguished from the other varieties by the usually smaller leaves and pubescent stems. 330 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Ser. 2 Armatae Dryanclra ser. Armatae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 563, 566 (1870). Type : D. armata R. Br. Mostly erect shrubs or small trees. Leaves sclerophyllous, linear to cuneate, serrate to pinnatifid; margins flat to recurved. Inflorescence terminal or on short branchlet, conspicuous; receptacle flat to gently convex; involucral bracts shorter than flowers, narrow, acute to acuminate, glabrous to pubescent or hirsute outside. Perianth straight, slender; limb inflexed before anthesis. Pistil straight or curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter not or slightly thickened, smooth or finely ribbed. Old flowers usually persisting for some years. Follicles ovate to obovate, often notched on one side near base, usually opening as soon as mature, firmly or loosely attached. Seed with terminal notched wing. A series of 20 species widespread throughout south-western Western Australia. Dryandra cuneata R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1 0: 2 1 2 ( 1 8 10) - Josephia cuneata (R. Br.) Poir., Diet. Sci. Nat. 24: 246 (1822). Type: Lucky Bay, [Western Australia], January 1802, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3417 ( lecto (here chosen): BM; isolecto: K, MEL). Typification. Brown’s specimens, some in flower, some not, include two variants. The non-flowering specimens are referred to as a second form in his manuscript notes at BM. The flowering specimens are those covered in his published description, and the sheet at BM bearing these is selected as lectotype. Dryandra fuscobractea A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. cuneata R. Br. bracteis involucralis fusco-brunneis, capitulis floribus pluribus (180-190) minoribus (perianthio 20-23 mm longo, pistillo 22-26 mm longo), limbo cinereo, et praebitore pollinis minore (1 mm longo) fusco, praecipue differt. Typus: Boundary Rd, N of junction with Gillingarra W Rd, Western Australia, 25 July 1994, M. Pieroni 94/5 (ho la: PERTH 04228685; iso: CANB, NSW). Shrub to 1 m without lignotuber. Stems closely tomentose. Leaves cuneate, those about the involucre narrower, obtuse but prominently mucronate, pungently serrate; teeth 4-9 each side; lamina 4-7 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, glabrous above and below except pits; margins flat to slightly recurved; petiole 5-10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchlet; involucral bracts linear, obtuse to almost acute, the outer ones squarrose, innermost 8-1 1 mm long, all villous, the outer ones grey, the inner dark rusty brown towards apex; flowers 180-190 per head. Perianth 20-23 mm long, villous above base, then hirsute, pale yellow; limb 2.5 mm long, hirsute, dark grey, the apical hairs white. Pistil 22-26 mm long, glabrous, cream; pollen presenter narrow, 1 mm long, rusty brown. Follicles 3 or 4 per head, obliquely obovate, 9-12 mm long, loosely hirsute. Selected collection examined. S of Gillingarra Rd, SE of Dandaragan, E.A. Griffin 5371 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs south-east of Gillingarra, Western Australia. Habitat. Grows in sand over laterite in kwongan. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 331 Flowering period. Flowers July-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Known from two populations, one on a narrow road verge, the other on private property. Etymology. Named from the Latin fuscus (dark) and bractea (a bract), in reference to the involucral bracts. Discussion. Related most closely to D. cuneata, differing in the dark brown involucral bracts (the outermost squarrose) and the heads with more flowers that are smaller, with a grey perianth limb and small, dark pollen presenter. Flowers not scented. Follicles loosely attached. Dryandra armata R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 213 (1810) - Josephia armata (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: King George Sound, [Western Australia], December 1801, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3416 ( holo\ BM; iso: K, MEL). Distribution. A widespread, variable species occurring from Mt Lesueur to Albany and east to Israelite Bay. There are two varieties. 1 Shrub to 1.5 m (usually below 1 m) with lignotuber; leaf lamina 8-20 mm wide; lobes 6-13 each side; involucral bracts tomentose to hirsute in upper half, glabrous or almost so below; perianth 25-32 mm long; limb 4-4.5 mm long; pistil 28-39 mm long var. armata 1; Shrub to 3 m without lignotuber; leaf lamina 20-25 mm wide; lobes 5-8 each side; outer involucral bracts hirsute, inner ones pubescent; perianth 30-39 mm long; limb c. 5 mm long; pistil 35-42 mm long var. ignicida Dryandra armata R. Br. var. armata D. favosa Lindl., Sketch Veg. Swan R. xxxiii (1840). Type: south-western Western Australia, per Toward ( holo : CGE). D. gilbertii S. Moore, I. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45: 211 (1920). Type: south-western Western Australia, J. Gilbert s.n. (holo: BM). Dryandra armata var. ignicida A S. George, var. nov. Frutex rectus ad 3 nr altus, sine lignotubero. Folii lamina 6-8 cm longa, 20-25 mm lata; lobi 5- 8 in quoque margine, ad angulum c. 90°. Bracteae involucrales ad 20 mm longae, exteriores hirsutae, interiores pubescentes. Perianthium 30-39 mm longum; limbus c. 5 mm longus. Pistillum 35-42 mm longum; praebitor pollinis 3-3.5 mm longus. Typus: Paterson Rd, W of Junction with Balls Rd, E of Woodanilling, Western Australia, c. 33°29'S, 1 17°33’E, A.S. George 16636 (holo: PERTH 041 10358; iso: CANB, K). 332 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Erect shrub to 3 m without lignotuber. Lea/lamina 6-8 cm long, 20-25 mm wide; lobes 5-8 each side, at c. 90°. Involucral bracts to 20 mm long, the outer hirsute, inner pubescent. Perianth 30-39 mm long; limb c. 5 mm long. Pistil 35-42 mm long; pollen presenter 3-3.5 mm long. Selected collections examined, c. 3 km E of Wagin, H. Demarz 1531 (PERTH); Boyatup Hill, A.S. George 16158 (PERTH); Tutanning Nature Reserve, ESE of Pingelly, G. Heinsohn 23 (PERTH). Distribution. Widespread from Pingelly to Katanning and east to Mt Ragged. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam, granitic, quartzitic or lateritic soil in tall shrubland, often with emergent eucalypts. Flowering period. July-September. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Specific epithet from the Latin ignis (fire) and the suffix -cidus (pertaining to killing), in reference to the plant being non-lignotuberous and killed by fire. Discussion. Distinguished from var. armata especially in having no lignotuber, and usually in its larger leaves and flowers. At several localities the two are sympatric. Dryandra hirsuta A.S. George, sp. nov. D. armatae var. ignicidae A.S. George similis, sed plerumque hirsutiore, foliis majoribus grosse lobatis, et inflorescentia et folliculis majoribus, distinguitur. Folii lamina 5-13 cm longa, 15-35 mm lata; lobis 5-10 in quoque margine, oblique triangularibus, acuminatis, pungentibus; marginibus recurvis; petiolo 5-12 mm longo, hirsuto. Bracteae involucrales lanceolatae ad lineares, 22-32 mm longae. Perianthium 40-41 mm longum, limbo 5.5-6.5 mm longo. Pistillum 45-48 mm longum; praebitor pollinis 4-5 mm longus. Folliculi 9-1 1 mm longi, parce hirsuti. Typus: Red Gum Pass Rd, just S of junction with Salt River Rd, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia, 34°19'S, 1 17°47’E, 27 July 1986, A.S. George 16657 ( holo : PERTH 04225805; iso: CANB, K). Shrub to 2 m, without lignotuber. Stems tomentose and hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves ± lanceolate to narrowly obovate, acute, pungent, deeply serrate to pinnatipartite, loosely hirsute and glabrescent except pits in lower surface; lamina 5-13 cm long, 15-35 mm wide; lobes 5-10 each side, obliquely triangular, acuminate, pungent; margins recurved; petiole 5-12 mm long, hirsute. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchlet; involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, obtuse to acute, erect, tomentose, the outer ones with hirsute margins in upper half, the innermost 22-32 mm long; flowers c. 90-110 per head. Perianth 40-41 mm long, curled-pubescent above base, hirsute above, pale yellow-gold; limb 5. 5-6. 5 mm long, hirsute at base, otherwise glabrous. Pistil 45-48 mm long, curved, hirsute just above ovary, then glabrous; pollen presenter narrow, 4-5 mm long, ribbed. Follicles somewhat angular-ovate to obovate, 9-1 1 mm long, sparsely hirsute, shining. Selected collections examined. Talyuberlup, J.S. Beard 7601 (PERTH); E side of Mt Toolbrunup, A.S. George 10874 (PERTH); Mt Warrungup, K. Newbey 1793 (PERTH). A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 333 Distribution. Restricted to the central and western parts of the Stirling Range. Habitat. Grows in rocky sandy loam in tall shrubland and low open woodland. Flowering period. May-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Named from the Latin hirsutus (having long, rather coarse hairs), in reference to the hairy stems, young leaves and involucral bracts. Discussion. Resembles D. armata var. ignicida but has larger, more coarsely lobed leaves, larger inflorescence and fruit, and is generally more hairy, especially when young. Dryandra pallida A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. cirsioides Meisn. affinis, a qua foliis lobis paucioribus (3-5 in quoque margine), marginibus planis, viridibus pallidis; floribus cremeis; et pistillo glabro, praecipue differt. Typus : 20 miles (32 km) E of Pingaring, Western Australia, c. 32°45'S, 1 18°56'E, 29 May 1969, A.S. George 9346 ( holo : PERTH 04228472; iso: CANB, K, MEL). Columnar shrub to 2 m, without lignotuber. Stems densely tomentose, at length glabrescent. Leaves broadly linear, serrate, acuminate; lamina usually 5-8 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, white-tomentose below with glabrous venation; margins flat to slightly recurved; lobes 3-5 each side, obliquely triangular, to 15 mm long; petiole 5-10 mm long, tomentose. Inflorescence sessile along branches; involucral bracts narrowly lanceolate, ± acute, 10-12 mm long, densely silky, glabrous inside; flowers 65-80 per head. Perianth 25-27 mm long, pale yellow, densely hirsute including limb; limb 4 mm long. Pistil 29-31 mm long, strongly outcurved, glabrous; pollen presenter narrow, 1.5 mm long, smooth. Follicles obovate to transversely elliptic, 8-10 mm long, loosely hirsute. Selected collections examined. Mt Short, N of Ravensthorpe, A.S. George 4439 (PERTH); c. 3 km N of Nyabing, K. Newbey 768 (PERTH); 10 km S of Lake Grace, R.D. Royce 6686 (PERTH). Distribution. Locally common in the southern central wheatbelt from Nyabing to Frank Hann National Park and north to Kulin and Holt Rock. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil, sometimes somewhat sandy, in kwongan. Flowering period. May-July. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. The epithet, from the Latin pallidus (pale), refers to the pale yellow flowers and the characteristic pale colour of dried specimens. Discussion. May be recognized by the few-lobed leaves with flat margins, pale yellow flowers, hirsute perianth (including limb) and glabrous pistil. 334 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Dryandra purdieana Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 35: 174 (1904). Type: Victoria Plains [Toodyay district], Western Australia, 29 August 1901 , L. Diels 3972 (lecto (here chosen): B; isolecto: MEL). Typification. There are two specimens on the type sheet at B, clearly from different plants. That chosen as lectotype agrees better with the protologue in its dimensions; the second specimen has more crowded, smaller leaves and smaller flowers. There is a single label in Diels’ hand on the sheet. The specimen at MEL agrees with the lectotype. Dryandra xylothemelia A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. cirsioides Meisn. affinis, a qua habitu lignotubero, interdum surculis, et foliorum lobis angustis late dispositis, praecipue differt. Lobi foliorum 5-9 in quoque latere, marginibus arete revolutis. Flores 80-100 per capitulum. Perianthium 20-27 mm longum, limbo 5-6.5 mm longo. Pistillum 22-33 mm longum, hirsutum supra basin, aliter glabrum; praebitor pollinis angustus, costatus, 2.5-4 mm longus. Typus: 14 km N of Newdegate-Lake King road on Holt Rock South Rd, Western Australia, 32°58'S, 1 19°23'E, 11 October 1994, A.S. George 17238 (holo: PERTH 04228731 ; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Shrub to 1 m, often sprawling, with lignotuber, often suckering. Stems obscured by leaf bases, tomentose. Leaves crowded, pinnatipartite, 7-12 cm long, 4-5.5 cm wide, glabrous above, tomentose below; lamina along midrib linear; lobes 5-9 each side, linear, pungent, widely divergent to somewhat recurved; margins revolute; petiole 5-10 mm long. Inflorescence sessile or on short lateral branchlet, on older stems; involucral bracts lanceolate, acute to obtuse, not spreading, glabrous with pubescent apex, the innermost to 15-22 mm long; flowers 80-100 per head. Perianth 20-27 mm long, villous above base, then hirsute, pale yellow; limb 5-6.5 mm long, sparsely hirsute to almost glabrous. Pistil 22-33 mm long, straight then strongly curving outwards, hirsute above base, then glabrous, cream; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed, 2.5-4 mm long. Follicles oblong but contracted near base, 9 mm long, loosely hirsute, glabrescent, striate. Selected collections examined. Dragon Rocks Nature Reserve, 9 Dec. 1993, R. Buehrig (PERTH); 16 km W of Lake King township, P.G. Wilson 5762 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Newdegate and Frank Hann National Park and north towards Hyden. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam, usually over laterite, in kwongan and mallee-kwongan. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek xylon (wood) and themelios (of a foundation or base), this species having a lignotuber in contrast to its close relative D. cirsioides. Discussion. Very similar to D. cirsioides but may be distinguished by the low, often suckering habit and narrow, widely spaced leaf lobes. Superficially resembles D. serratuloides subsp. meganotia but distinguished especially by the larger, less hairy fruit. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 335 Dryandra acanthopoda A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. polycephalam Benth. affinis, a qua habitu densiore foliis latioribus (10-15 mm latis) lobis paucioribus (5- 1 0 in quoque margine) et in petiolum lobis subulatis, et floribus majoribus (perianthium 26-30 mm longum, pistillum 30-33 mm longum), differt. Typus : Wingedine Nature Reserve, W of Woodanilling, Western Australia, 33°36'S, 1 17°14'E, 26 July 1986, A.S. George 16647 (holo: PERTH 03262847, iso: CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03262855, 03262863). Shrub to 2 m with many spreading branches. Steins appressed-pubescent, soon glabrous. Leaves linear, curved, serrate, acuminate; lamina 5-13 cm long, 10-15 mm wide, white-tomentose below; margins recurved, with 5- 1 0 teeth each side and 3-6 spine-like lobes on petiole; petiole to 1 5 mm long. Inflorescences on short lateral branchlets, crowded; involucral bracts lanceolate, the outer subulate and squarrose, the inner acute, to 15 mm long, appressed-pubescent outside; Bowers 50-65 per head. Perianth straight, 26-30 mm long, pale yellow, curled-tomentose above base, silky on claws; limb 3-3.5 mm long, glabrous. Pistil straight, 30-33 mm long, glabrous except ovary; pollen presenter 1 mm long. Follicles up to 6, obliquely ovate, 9-13 mm long, sparsely hairy. Selected collections examined. N of Woodanilling, 7 Oct. 1986, R. Garstone (PERTH); between Katanning and Kwobrup, 21 Dec. 1964, F.W. Humphreys (PERTH) Distribution. Restricted to the Woodanilling-Katanning area. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil in tall closed shrubland, sometimes with emergent Eucalyptus drummondii or E. wandoo. Flowering period. July-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. Named from the Greek acantha (a thorn or prickle) and podos (a foot), in reference to the prickly leaf base and petiole. Discussion. Closely related to D. polycephala but more bushy in habit, the leaves broader with fewer main lobes but many subulate lobes on the petiole, and the flowers larger. Follicles firmly attached; opening when dried. A collection from near Woodanilling (7 Oct. 1986, R. Garstone, PERTH) has small flowers, with the involucral bracts 9-10 mm long, perianth c. 18 mm long and pistil 22-23 mm long. Dryandra squarrosa R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 38 (1830) - Josephia squarrosa (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type : near King George Sound, [Western Australia], 1829, W. Baxter (holo: BM; iso: K). Distribution. Occurs widely in south-western Western Australia from Bindoon south to the Whicher Range and east almost to Albany. 336 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil, rarely in sand or clay-loam, in eucalypt forest and woodland. There are two subspecies. 1 Perianth limb hirsute; perianth 19-24 mm long subsp. squarrosa 1: Perianth limb glabrous; perianth 18-19 mm long subsp. argillacea Dryandra squarrosa R. Br. subsp. squarrosa D. carduacea Lindl., Sketch Veg. SwanR. xxxiii (1840 ) - Josephia carduacea (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 278 (1891). Type: south-western Western Australia, 183-, J. Drummond s.n. ( holo : CGE). D. carduacea \ ar. angustifolia Hook., Bot. Mag. 73: t. 4317 (1847). Type: cultivated at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from seed collected in south-western Western Australia by J. Drummond (holo: K). Most leaves 8-12 mm wide; teeth 5-10 each side. Perianth 21-24 mm long; limb 2. 5-3. 5 mm long, hirsute. Pistil 22-26 mm long; pollen presenter 0.7- 1.5 mm long. Distribution. Occurs throughout the range of the species except near the Whicher Range. Dryandra squarrosa subsp. argillacea A.S. George, subsp. nov. Folia plerumque 5-9 mm lata lobis 3-6 in quoque margine. Perianthium 18-19 mm longum, limbo 2 mm longo glabro. Pistillum 22-24 mm longum; praebitor pollinis 0.8-1 mm longus. Typus: near Tutunup, Western Australia, 26 June 1973, A.S. George 11657 (holo: PERTH 041 10609; iso: CANB, K). Most leaves 5-9 mm wide; teeth 3-6 each side. Perianth 18-19 mm long; limb 2 mm long, glabrous. Pistil 22-24 mm long; pollen presenter 0.8-1 mm long. Selected collections examined. Smith Rd, Whicher Range, A. Cochrane 261 (PERTH); Ruabon Rd, L. Nunn 535 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs on the coastal plain close to the western base of the Whicher Range. Habitat. Grows in winter-wet clay over ironstone in open to tall shrubland. Flowering period. June-November. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The subspecific epithet, from the Latin argillaceus (growing in clay), refers to the soil of the natural habitat which contrasts with the lateritic gravel usually inhabited by subsp. squarrosa. Discussion. Differs consistently from the other subspecies in the smaller perianth with a glabrous limb. The leaves are usually smaller and more slender than those of subsp. squarrosa. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 337 Dryandra wonganensis A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. hewardianam Meisn. et D. trifontinalem A.S. George affinis, a quibus foliorum lobis angustioribus, petiolo prominente flavo, et floribus majoribus (perianthio 32-33 mm longo, pistillo 32-33 mm longo), differt. Typus: NW of Wongan Hills on Piawaning road, Western Australia, 30°51'S, 1 16°40'E, 4 August 1986, A.S. George 16763 ( holo : PERTH 03322807; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03322815). Sprawling to erect shrub to 3 m, without lignotuber. Stems with a few appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves linear, acuminate, often strongly curved, pinnatifid; lamina 4- 16 cm long, 9-18 mm wide, closely tomentose below; margins revolute; lobes 4-9 each side, narrowly triangular, often slightly falcate; petiole to 15 mm long, broad and prominent on floral leaves. Inflorescence on lateral branchlet to 10 mm long; involucral bracts lanceolate, acute, to 1 2 mm long, the outer ones glabrous with shortly ciliate margins, the inner ones pubescent towards apex; flowers 45-50 per head. Perianth 32-33 mm long, pale yellow, curled-hirsute above base, silky above; limb 3-5 mm long, glabrous. Pistil straight, 32-33 mm long, glabrous except a few hairs on ovary; pollen presenter 1.8-2 mm long. Follicles ovate-oblong, 7-8 mm long, sparsely hairy, prominently veined. Selected collections examined. NW of Wongan Hills, F. Lullfitz 1665 (PERTH); Wongan Hills, K. Newbey 2000 (PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to the Wongan Hills and nearby low rises. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil in open woodland and dense scrub. Flowering period. August-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Named from the town and range of hills near its natural habitat, together with the Latin suffix -ensis indicating origin or place. Discussion. Similar to D. trifontinalis and D. hewardiana but differs in the narrow leaf lobes, prominent yellowish petiole and larger flowers without scent. Dryandra trifontinalis A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. wonganense A.S. George lobis foliorum majoribus latioribusque et floribus minoribus (perianthio 24-25 mm longo, pistillo 25-26 mm longo) differt; ab D. hewardiana Meisn. ramulis floralibus brevioribus, bracteis involucralibus ± glabris praeter marginibus ciliatis, et perianthii limbo et praebitore pollinis breviore, differt. Typus: W of Three Springs on Nebru Rd, Western Australia, c. 29°32’S, 1 15°42'E, 6 August 1986, A.S. George 16789 (holo: PERTH 03322742; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03322750). 338 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Openly branched shrub to 2 m, without lignotuber. Stems sparsely hirsute, soon glabrous. Leaves broadly linear, acute, pungent, coarsely serrate; lamina 3-16 cm long, 10-18 mm wide, closely tomentose below; margins recurved; teeth 5-10 each side, broadly obliquely triangular, pungent; petiole to 10 mm long, often absent. Inflorescence on lateral branchlet to 1 cm long, occasionally terminal; involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate, acute, to 10 mm long, glabrous or scurfy, with shortly ciliate margins; flowers 55-65 per head. Perianth 24-25 mm long, pale yellow, curled-tomentose above base, hirsute above; limb 3-4 mm long, glabrous. Pistil ± straight, 25-26 mm long, glabrous except silky apex of ovary; pollen presenter 1.8-2 mm long. Follicles oblong to ovate, 6-9 mm long, sparsely hairy, prominently veined. Selected collections examined. W of Three Springs, J.S. Beard 725 1 (PERTH); near Three Springs, W.E. Blackall 4878 (PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to a few populations near Three Springs. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil in low woodland. Flowering period. August-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin version of the name of the nearby town of Three Springs ( tri -, three-, and fontinalis, of a spring). Discussion. Most closely related to D. wonganensis, differing in the coarsely-lobed leaves and smaller flowers. Also similar to D. hewardiana which has the inflorescences on longer branchlets, pubescent involucral bracts with densely ciliate margins, a smaller perianth limb and smaller pollen presenter. Dryandra stricta A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. hewardiana Meisn. foliis confertis strictis angustis (4-9 mm latis dentibus in quoque latere 8-18) breviter dentatis, inflorescentia sessili, et limbo perianthii hirsuto, differt. Typus : Bunny Rd, N of junction with Skipper Rd (NE of Eneabba), Western Australia, c. 29°35'S, 115°27'E, 6 August 1986, A.S. George 16793 (holo: PERTH 03322769; iso: CANB., K). Bushy shrub to 3 m, without lignotuber. Stems glabrous. Leaves linear, ± straight, acute, pungent, serrate; lamina 5-20 cm long, 4-9 mm wide, white-tomentose below; margins revolute; teeth 8-18 each side, obliquely triangular, pungent; petiole to 5 mm long. Inflorescence sessile, rarely on branchlet to 5 mm long; involucral bracts lanceolate to narrowly triangular, acute to obtuse, to 13 mm long, appressed-pubescent, with densely ciliate margins; flowers 45-85 per head. Perianth 23-25 mm long, pale yellow, curled-tomentose above base, hirsute above; limb 2.5-3 mm long, hirsute. Pistil straight, 27-31 mm long, glabrous except ovary; pollen presenter 1.2-1. 5 mm long, finely ribbed. Follicles obovate to orbicular, 6-8 mm long, sparsely hairy, prominently veined. Selected collections examined. 14.5 km N of Badgingarra on Brand Hwy, A.S. George 16823 (PERTH); Alexander Morrison National Park, E.A. Griffin 1507 (PERTH); Coorow-Greenhead Rd, W of Brand Hwy, S. Patrick 1351 (PERTH). A.S. George, New taxa and anew infrageneric classification in Dryandra 339 Distribution. Occurs between Three Springs and Badgingarra. Habitat. Grows on lateritic hills in kwongan, occasionally in sand over gravel or clay. Flowering period. August-October. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. The epithet, from the Latin strictus (straight), refers to the leaves which are usually straighter than those of related species. Discussion. Related to D. hewardiana but recognized by the densely leaved branches, ± straight, narrow, shortly toothed leaves, sessile inflorescence and hirsute perianth limb. Dryandra echinata A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. polycephalam Benth. affinis, a qua habitu minore densiore, foliis latioribus (6-15 mm latis) lobis majoribus, et floribus majoribus (perianthio 17-23 mm longo, pistillo 22-26 mm longo), differt. Typus: near Red Gully Rd turnoff, Brand Hwy, Western Australia, c. 31°06'S, 1 15°46'E, 7 August 1986, A.S. George 16829 (holo: PERTH 03261492; iso: CANB, K, MEL, PERTH 03262839). Shrub to 3 m, without lignotuber. Stems erect to spreading, sparsely glandular-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves linear, recurved, acuminate; lamina 3-15 cm long, 6-15 mm wide, sparsely glandular-pubescent above and on midrib below but soon glabrous there, closely tomentose below; margins recurved, with 9-25 triangular teeth each side to 7 mm long; petiole 8-10 mm long, almost glabrous. Inflorescence sessile or on short branchlet, crowded towards branch apex; involucral bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, to 10 mm long, appressed-tomentose outside with ciliate margins, glabrous towards apex; flowers 45-55 per head. Perianth 17-23 mm long, yellow with deep yellow limb, crisped-hirsute above base becoming silky above; limb 2-2.5 mm long, glabrous or with a few hairs near base. Pistil straight, 22-26 mm long, glabrous except ovary; pollen presenter c. 0.8 mm long, slightly swollen at base. Follicles obovate to rounded-oblong, 6-9 mm long, sparsely hairy, striate. Selected collections examined. Boonanarring Brook, J.J. Alford 294 (PERTH); New Norcia, C.A. Gardner 614 (PERTH); Moore River National Park, R.D. Royce 9449 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Regans Ford, New Norcia and Gingin. Habitat. Grows in lateritic or sandy soil in kwongan or low open woodland. Flowering period. July-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. The Latin echinatus (armed with many prickles or spines) refers to the very prickly habit of the plant due to the crowded leaves with pungent lobes. 340 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Discussion. Related to D. polycephala but differs in the smaller, compact habit, broader leaves with larger lobes, and larger flowers. The glandular indumentum of the new growth is unusual. Variable in size of leaves and their lobes and the flowers. Newbey 2317 has larger flowers (perianth 25 mm long, pistil 29 mm). Referred to as Dryandra sp. A in N.G. Marchant etal., “FI. Perth Region” 1: 327 (1987) Dryandra polycephala Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 570 (1870) - Josephia polycephala (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 2: 342 {lecto (here chosen): K; isolecto: BM, NY, PERTH). Typification. Bentham cited two collections by Drummond, viz. ‘1st coll., 2nd coll. n. 342' . At K there are seven sheets of the taxon collected by Drummond, all except one with the annotation ‘named by Mr Bentham' and all agreeing well with the protologue. One has Drummond’s original tag 342 attached, and it is labelled, in error, Dryandra carlinoides (a Meisner name). One has the number ‘42’, a number referred to by Drummond in a letter to Hooker of 7 September 1 842 but not cited by Bentham. Another sheet has the number 342 pencilled in. All the others have no number. I have selected as lectotype the sheet with the number 342 pencilled in. The isolectotypes at BM, NY and PERTH are numbered 342. A sheet at NSW has the remains of a Drummond tag attached and may also be an isolectotype. Dryandra subpinnatifida C.A. Gardner, J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 47: 58 (1964). Type: W of Popanyinning, Western Australia, Oct. 1962, F. Lullfitz s.n. ( holo : PERTH; iso: PERTH). This species has two varieties. 1 Flowers 40-50 per head; involucral bracts to 20 mm long; limb 3. 2-3. 3 mm long, densely hirsute with longer hairs towards apex; pistil 37-39 mm long; pollen presenter noticeably thickened at base var 1 : Flowers c. 60 per head; involucral bracts to 12 mm long; limb c. 2.5 mm long, glabrous except a few hairs at base; pistil 34-36 mm long; pollen presenter scarcely thickened Dryandra subpinnatifida C.A. Gardner var. subpinnatifida Involucral bracts to 20 mm long; flowers c. 40 per head; floral bracts linear, obtuse, 1 mm long, hirsute. Perianth 27-28 mm long; limb 3. 2-3. 7 mm long, hirsute, more densely towards apex. Pistil 37-42 mm long; pollen presenter 1-1.2 mm long, cylindrical to narrowly ovoid. Distribution. Occurs between Pingelly and Narrogin. Dryandra subpinnatifida var. imberbis A.S. George, var. nov. Bracteae involucrales marginibus ciliatis apicibus subulatis pubescentibus, longissimis 10-12 mm longis; flores c. 60 per capitulum; bracteae florales lineares, obtusae, 3.5 mm longae, apice et marginibus ad apicem hirsutis. Perianthium 25-26 mm longum, supra basin crispo-lanatum, supra hirsutum; limbus c. 2.5 mm longus, glaber praeter pilos paucos ad basin. Pistillum 32-36 mm longum; praebitor pollinis cylindricus basi parum tumidus, quam stylus vix crassior, vix costatus, 1-1.4 mm longus. . subpinnatifida var. imberbis A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 341 Typus: W of Peringillup, Western Australia, 30 September 1971, A. S. George 1 1068 ( holo : PERTH 041 10560; iso: CANB, K, MEL, PERTH 041 10579). Involucral bracts with ciliate margins and subulate, pubescent tips, the longest 1 1-12 mm long; flowers c. 60 per head; floral bracts linear, obtuse, 3.5 mm long, hirsute on upper margins and apex. Perianth 25-26 mm long, curled-woolly above base, hirsute above; limb c. 2.5 mm long, glabrous except a few hairs at base. Pistil 32-36 mm long; pollen presenter cylindrical with slightly swollen base, hardly thicker than style, scarcely ribbed, 1-1.4 mm long. Selected collections examined. Near Boddington, 14 Aug. 1982, D. Backs hall (PERTH); Mt Saddleback, 15 Nov. 1904, A. Morrison (PERTH); E of Bowelling, M. Pieroni 95/4 (PERTH); c. 12 km W of Broomehill, R.D. Royce 4804 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Boddington and Broomehill. Habitat. Grows in gravelly loam over laterite in thick scrub, sometimes with emergent Eucalyptus drummondii. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. Named from the Latin imberbis (not bearded), in reference to the glabrous or almost glabrous perianth limb. Discussion. The varieties overlap in distribution but have not been recorded growing together. The glabrous perianth limb readily distinguishes var. imberbis. Collections from Bowelling, Boddington and Mt Saddleback are from low (c. 50 cm high), mounded plants and may represent another variety. In the Bowelling population the involucral bracts are red, and hybridization has occurred with an adjacent population of D. squarrosa subsp. squarrosa (M. Pieroni, pers. comm.). Dryandra longifolia R. Br„ Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 215 (1810) - Josephia longifolia (R. Br.) Poir., Diet. Sci. Nat. 24: 245 ( 1 822). Type: Lucky Bay [E of Esperance, Western Australia], January 1802, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3424 (holo: BM; iso: K, MEL (2 sheets), PERTH). Dryandra longifolia has three subspecies. 1 Perianth 37-40 mm long; limb 4. 6-5. 5 mm long; pistil 38-48 mm long; pollen presenter 2. 8-3. 5 mm long; involucral bracts 25-30 mm long subsp. longifolia 1 : Perianth 23-29 mm long; limb 2.5-4 mm long; pistil 28-35 mm long; pollen presenter 1.2-2 mm long; involucral bracts to 20 mm long 2 Perianth limb 2.5-3 mm long; pollen presenter 1.2- 1.6 mm long; involucral bracts straight subsp. calcicola 2: Perianth limb 3.5-4 mm long; pollen presenter c. 2 mm long; involucral bracts recurved subsp. archeos 342 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Dryandra longifolia R. Br. subsp. longifolia Shrub to 1 .5 m. Involucral bracts acute, straight or slightly recurved, hirsute and ± viscid outside, the innermost ones 25-30 mm long. Perianth 37-40 mm long; limb 4. 6-5. 5 mm long. Pistil 38-48 mm long; pollen presenter 2. 8-3.5 mm long. Distribution. Occurs from Cape le Grand to Cape Paisley and on Mondrain Island of the Recherche Archipelago. Habitat. Grows in coarse sandy loam by granitic slopes, in scrub. Flowering period. June-October. Dryandra longifolia subsp. archeos A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis perianthio minus hirsuto pilis ± appressis, bracteis in volucralibus hirsutioribus apice recurvo differt. Ab subsp. longifolia praebitore pollinis minore et ab subsp. calcicola A.S. George majore differt. Typus : S end, Mt Ragged, Western Australia, c. 33°28'S, 123°28'E, 1 July 1976, A.S. George 14308 (halo: PERTH 01 108204; iso: CANB, K). Shrub to 1.5 m. Involucral bracts acuminate, recurved, appressed-hirsute, ?not viscid, the innermost ones c. 20 mm long. Perianth 27-29 mm long; limb 3.5-4 mm long. Pistil 33-34 mm long; pollen presenter 2 mm long. Selected collections examined. Summit of Tower Peak, Mt Ragged, A.S. George 16127 (PERTH); SW slope of Mt Ragged, P.G. Wilson 5853 (PERTH). Distribution. Confined to Mt Ragged. Habitat. Grows among quartzite boulders on steep slopes, in dense scrub. Flowering period. April-June. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Mt Ragged is within a Nature Reserve but the plants are vulnerable to Phytophthora. Etymology. The epithet is from the Greek arche (first) and eos (dawn). Growing on Mt Ragged near Israelite Bay, at the eastern limit of dryandras in the wild, this is one of the first to receive sunlight each day. Discussion. Differs from the other subspecies in having the perianth with sparser, more appressed hairs, and in the involucral bracts being more hairy, with a more acuminate, recurved tip, and probably not viscid. The pollen presenter is smaller than that of subsp. longifolia but larger than that of subsp. calcicola. The new leaves are sparsely appressed-hirsute but very soon glabrous above. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 343 Dryandra Iongifolia subsp, calcicola A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis limbo perianthii et praebitore pollinis, etiam plerumque involucro, minore, differt. Frutex ad 3 m altus. Bracteae involucrales ± acutae, rectae, extus appresso-hirsutae, ?viscidae, intimae 14-20 mm longae. Perianthium 23-27 mm longum, patente-hirsutum; limbus 2.5-3 mm longus. Pistillus 28-35 mm longus; pollinis praebitor 1.2- 1.6 mm longus. Typus: W of Twilight Beach, W of Esperance, Western Australia, 33°54'S, 121°49'E, 13 October 1994, A.S. George 17243 (halo: PERTH 04228812; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228820, 04228839). Shrub to 3 m. Involucral bracts ± acute, straight, appressed-hirsute outside, ?viscid, the innermost 14-20 mm long. Perianth 23-27 mm long, spreading-hirsute; limb 2.5-3 mm long. Pistil 28-35 mm long; pollen presenter 1.2- 1.6 mm long. Selected collection examined. Near Esperance, K. Newbey 2468 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs to the west of Esperance Bay. Habitat. Grows in sand over limestone, in low kwongan. Flowering period. July-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. The known populations are close to roads. One is on the outskirts of Esperance townsite, the others are regenerating from a recent fire and have not yet set many seed. Etymology. Named from the Latin calx (lime) with the indeclinable suffix - cola , in reference to the soil of the natural habitat. This is one of few dryandras to grow in calcareous soil. Discussion. The small perianth limb and pollen presenter and the non-recurved involucral bracts are the main characters distinguishing this from the other subspecies. Dryandra borealis A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad Dryandram armatam R. Br. similis, a qua bracteis involucralibus majoribus (30-35 mm longis) exterioris glabris interioris appresso-pubescentibus marginibus ciliatis, limbo perianthii longiore (7-8.5 mm longo) et praebitore pollinis longiore (4.5-6 mm longo), praecipue differt. Typus : 27 miles [c. 35 km) E of Kalbarri on road to Ajana, Western Australia, 8 September 1966, A.S. George 7930 ( holo : PERTH 03260208; iso: CANB, MEL). Sprawling shrub to 1 m with lignotuber, or erect to 2.5 m without lignotuber. Stems closely pubescent. Leaves broadly linear, pinnatifid, acute, pungent; lamina 4-9 cm long, 12-30 mm wide, glabrous below except fine pits; margins flat to slightly recurved; lobes 5- 1 2 each side, slightly falcate, pungent; petiole 0-2 mm long. Inflorescence on short lateral branchlet or terminal; involucral bracts ovate to linear, obtuse, 30-35 mm long, the outer ones ± glabrous, the inner ones appressed-pubescent and with ciliate margins; flowers 30-50 per head. Perianth 32-35 mm long, golden, hirsute, the limb 344 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 1 996) glabrescent towards apex; limb 7-8.5 mm long. Pistil straight to gently bowed, 39-47 mm long, hirsute in lower third; pollen presenter 4.5-6 mm long, finely ribbed. Follicles ovate to obovate, 8-13 mm long, loosely hirsute. Distribution. Occurs in two disjunct areas and represented by a subspecies in each, one centred on the lower Murchison River, the other in the Three Springs area. Etymology. Named from the Latin borealis (northern), in reference to the distribution, this being one of the northernmost species in the genus. Discussion. Differs from D. armata in the narrower leaf lobes, larger, less hairy involucral bracts and larger flowers. There are two subspecies. 1 Shrub with lignotuber; perianth limb 7. 5-8. 5 mm long subsp. borealis 1: Shrub without lignotuber; perianth limb 7-7.5 mm long subsp. elatior Dryandra borealis A S. George subsp. borealis Sprawling shrub to 1 m, with lignotuber. Perianth limb 7.5-8. 5 mm long. Selected collections examined. Between Northampton and Lynton, W.E. Blackall 2685 (PERTH); Ajana, C.A. Gardner 8597 (PERTH); Yuna, W. Rogerson 348 (PERTH). Distribution. Relatively common between Kalbarri, Northampton and Yuna. Habitat. Grows in pale yellow sand and in sand over laterite or sandstone, in kwongan. Flowering period. August-September. Conservation status. Not endangered. Discussion. The collection Blackall 2685 from between Northampton and Lynton (PERTH) has unusually small flowers (pistil 31 mm long) and may have been collected in a dry season. One by J. Long 38 (PERTH) has leaves to 1 1 cm long and 35 mm wide and the perianth limb 9.5- 10 mm long. Dryandra borealis subsp. elatior A.S. George, subsp. nov. Frutex ramosissimus ad 2.5 m altus, sine lignotubere. Perianthii limbus 7-7.5 mm longus. Typus: SW of Three Springs, Western Australia, 29°35'S, 1 15°41'E, 6 August 1986, A.S. George 16787 ( holo : PERTH 03322793; iso: CANB, K, MEL). Bushy shrub to 2.5 m, without lignotuber. Perianth limb 7-7.5 mm long. Selected collections examined. Between Three Springs and Mingenew, J.S. Beard 1680 PERTH); S of Mingenew, A.S. George 1 1680 (CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH). A.S. George, New taxa and anew infrageneric classification in Dryandra 345 Distribution. Restricted to several small populations west and north of Three Springs. Habitat. Grows on lateritic rises in tall scrub and low open woodland. Flowering period. August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Subspecific epithet is the comparative of the Latin adjective elatus (tall), this subspecies growing much taller than subsp. borealis. Discussion. Distinguished from subsp. borealis mainly by the larger, non-lignotuberous habit but also usually has fewer leaf lobes, fewer flowers per head and the pistil hirsute for a shorter distance. Ser. 3 Marginatae Dryandra ser. Marginatae (Meisn.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra § Marginatae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 473 (1856). Type : D. pulchella Meisn., lecto (here chosen). Bushy shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves linear, closely pinnatifid. Inflorescence ± sessile, on old stems, not conspicuous; involucral bracts shorter than flowers. Perianth straight with limb incurved in bud. Pistil incurved, much longer than perianth, looped out prominently before anthesis; pollen presenter ovoid. Old flowers persistent. Follicles obovate, usually remaining closed until burnt. Seed body basal; wing notched. A single species restricted to the Wongan Hills area. In proposing an infrageneric classification for the genus, Meisner (1856) chose not to give a rank to his groups below the level of subgenus. Here they are formally given the rank of series. Typification. Meisner included seven species in § Marginatae ; in the present treatment these are distributed among six series. His description of the leaves is quite appropriate for them all. Dryandra pulchella is selected as lectotype, since the others can all, except D. elegans Meisn., be placed in series named prior to the present work. D. elegans is a synonym of D. tenuifolia which has fewer, less crowded leaf lobes with wider sinuses than D. pulchella , hence Meisner’s name is retained for the latter. Ser. 4 Folliculosae Dryandra ser. Folliculosae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices cum vel sine lignotubere. Folia pinnatisecta, marginibus revolutis. Receptaculum prominenter convexum. Inflorescentia terminalis, conspicua; bracteae involucrales quam floribus breviores. Perianthium rectum; limbus antea anthesin ?incurvus. Pistillum incurvum, perianthium excedens; praebitor pollinis incrassatus, costatus. Flores veteres persistentes. Folliculi numerosi, valde afftxi, cuneati. 346 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Typus: D. fraseri R. Br. Shrubs with or without lignotuber. Leaves pinnatisect; margins revolute. Inflorescence terminal, conspicuous; involucral bracts shorter than flowers; receptacle very convex. Perianth straight; limb ?incurved before anthesis. Pistil incurved, exceeding perianth; pollen presenter slightly thickened, ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles many, firmly attached, cuneate. Monotypic. Follicles usually prominent. Etymology. Named from the Latin folliculus (a follicle) with the suffix -osus (indicating abundance), in reference to the follicles usually being quite numerous in the confructescence. Dryandra fraseri R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 39 (1830) - Josephia fraseri (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: Swan River, [Western Australia), March 1827, C. Fraser (holo: BM; iso: K). A variable species, here divided into 3 varieties. 1 Perianth claws pubescent to hirsute; shrub to 1 m with lignotuber var. fraseri 1 : Perianth claws glabrous or sparsely pubescent 2 Pistil 30-35 mm long; shrub to 1 m with lignotuber var. ashbyi 2: Pistil 38-42 mm long; shrub to 6 m without lignotuber var. oxycedra Dryandra fraseri R. Br. var. fraseri Shrub to 1 m, with lignotuber. Involucral bracts pubescent at least in upper half to one-third. Perianth claws pubescent to hirsute. Pistil 30-37 mm long. Distribution. Widespread from near Geraldton to Cranbrook and inland to Manmanning, Kellerberrin and Corrigin. Habitat. Grows in gravelly clay, sandy loam and granitic soil, in kwongan and woodland. Flowering period. July-September. Dryandra fraseri var. ashbyi (B.L. Burtt) A.S. George, stat. et comb. nov. Dryandra ashbyi B.L. Burtt, KewBull. 1939, 183 (1939). Type: cultivated at Blackwood, S.A., from seed collected at Yuna, 30-40 miles [48-62 km] NE of Geraldton, Western Australia, 193-, E. Ashby 39 (holo: K; possible iso: NSW). Shrub to 1 m, with lignotuber. Involucral bracts glabrous to prominently pubescent. Perianth claws glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Pistil 30-35 mm long. Distribution. Occurs from the Geraldton area north to Kalbarri and inland to Yuna. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam or rocky loam in open shrubland and kwongan. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 347 Flowering period. May-July. Conservation status. Not endangered. Discussion. Differs from var .fraseri in the glabrous or almost glabrous perianth claws. The leaf lobes are fewer (4-8 each side) than in southern, typical populations of var .fraseri but similar to populations of the latter from the Yandanooka-Arrowsmith area. The mvolucral bracts tend to be wider and vary from almost glabrous to prominently pubescent, the hairs usually very dark. There is far too much variation in the indumentum of the involucral bracts for this taxon to be recognized at specific rank. Dryandra fraseri var. oxyeedra A.S. George, var. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis frutice elatiore (ad 6 m alto) sine lignotubero, foliis 25-40 mm latis, bracteis involucralibus glabris praeter pilis atris appressis ad apicibus, perianthii unguibus glabris vel parce pubescentibus, et pistillo 38-42 mm longo, differt. Typus: SW of Three Springs, c. 29°34'S, 1 15°43’E, Western Australia, 1986, A.S. George 16788 (halo: PERTH 04228901; iso: CANB, K, NSW). Shrub to 6 m without lignotuber. Leaves 25-40 mm wide. Involucral bracts glabrous except short appressed dark hairs on tips. Perianth claws glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Pistil 38-42 mm long. Selected collection examined. W of Three Springs, H. Demarz 8561 (PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to a few populations near Three Springs. Habitat. Grows in gravelly loam in thick scrub. Flowering period. July-August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Etymology. Named from the Greek oxys (sharp) and the Latin cedrus (a cedar), this plant having pungent leaf lobes and a tall dense habit resembling a cedar. Discussion. The tall, non-lignotuberous habit is very different from the low form of the two other varieties but the morphology otherwise is very similar except for having fewer, longer leaf lobes and slightly larger flowers.. It is sometimes sympatric with var .fraseri. Ser. 5 Acrodontae Dryandra ser. Acrodontae (Meisn.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra § Acrodontae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 479 (1856). Type: D. carlinoides Meisn., lecto (here chosen). 348 NuytsiaVoI. 10, No. 3(1996) Small erect shrubs, with or without lignotuber. Leaves narrowly obovate-cuneate and sparsely serrate, or linear and pinnatifid; margins recurved or revolute. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchet; involucral bracts shorter than flowers. Perianth straight; limb incurved before anthesis. Pistil curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter small, narrow. Old flowers persistent. Follicles transversely elliptic to obovate, usually remaining closed until burnt. Seed body basal; wing notched. A series of three species in the kwongan and shrublands north of Perth. Typification. Meisner included two species in this taxon, both retained here. His diagnosis is appropriate to both, and D. carlinoides is selected as the first of the two in his treatment. Dryandra kippistiana Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 473 (1856) - Josephia kippistiana (Meisn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 4: 343 ( holo : NY; iso: BM, CGE, K, MEL, PERTH). There are two varieties. 1 Perianth 12-17 mm long; pistil 19-22 mm long; involucral bracts to 6-9 mm long; lignotuber absent 1: Perianth 18-20 mm long; pistil 24-25 mm long; involucral bracts to 10 mm long; lignotuber present ... var. kippistiana var. paenepeccata Dryandra kippistiana Meisn. var. kippistiana Shrub without lignotuber. Inner involucral bracts 6-9 mm long. Perianth 12-17 mm long. Pistil 19-22 mm long. Distribution. Occurs from Eneabba south to Mogumber and New Norcia. Habitat. Grows in sand, sand over laterite and in laterite, and near Mogumber on schistose hills, in kwongan. Flowering period. August-October. Dryandra kippistiana Meisn. var. paenepeccata A S. George, var. nov. Frutex lignotubero. Bracteae involucrales interiores ad 10 mm longae. Perianthium 18-20 mm longum. Pistillum 24-26 mm longum. Typus: N of Coorow-Greenhead Rd along Willis Rd, Western Australia, 30°07'S, 115°30'E, 31 October 1986, A.S. George 16866 (holo: PERTH 04228898; iso: CANB, NSW). Shrub with lignotuber. Inner involucral bracts to 10 mm long. Perianth 18-20 mm long. Pistil 24-26 mm long. Selected collections examined. Mt Peron, E.A. Griffin 2451 (PERTH); Wongong, Oct. 1901, Miss Lambert (PERTH). A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 349 Distribution. Occurs in localities scattered over the range of the species, including Armadale and Wungong, south-east of Perth but now rare in that area. Habitat. Grows in gravelly loam or sand over gravel in kwongan. Flowering period. October-November. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Named from the Latin paene (almost) and pecco, peccare (to make a mistake). For some time during this research this taxon was thought to be related most closely to D. sclerophylla, and it was late in the revision before I realized that it should be placed with D. kippistiana. Discussion. The leaves are usually straighter, more erect and more coarsely lobed than in var. kippistiana. Flowers later. Ser. 6 Capitellatae Dryandra ser. Capitellatae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices effusae cum lignotubere. Folia pinnatifida marginibus revolutis. Inflorescentia in ramulo brevi ex ramo veteriore, interdum terminalis; bracteae involucrales quam flores breviores. Perianthium rectum; limbus antea anthesin incurvus. Pistillum rectum, incurvum vel recurvum; praebitor pollinis parce incrassatus, costatus. Flores veteres persistentes. Folliculi ellipsoidales, parvi, hirsuti. Semina ala parvissima. Typus: D. serratuloides Meisn. Sprawling shrubs with lignotuber. Leaves pinnatifid; margins revolute. Inflorescence on short branchlet from older stems, sometimes terminal; involucral bracts shorter than flowers. Perianth straight; limb incurved before anthesis. Pistil straight, incurved or outcurved; pollen presenter slightly thickened, ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles ellipsoidal, small, hirsute. Seed body basal; wing very small. A series of two species between Eneabba and Nyabing. Etymology . Series name from the Latin capitulum (a head) with the diminutive suffix -ella, in reference to the small flower heads of the included species. Dryandra serratuloides Meisn., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Card. Misc. 7: 123 (1855) - Josephia serratuloides (Meisn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891) as serratulodes. Type : south-western Western Australia, 1850-51, J. Drummond 6: 213 (iso: B, BM, CGE, K (2 sheets), MEL, NSW, PERTH). Occurs between Eneabba and Mogumber, represented by two subspecies. 350 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 1 Leaves with 6-12 lobes each side; innermost involucral bracts 11-20 min long subsp. serratuloides 1: Leaves with 20-33 lobes each side; innermost involucral bracts 22-25 mm long subsp. perissa Dryandra serratuloides Meisn. subsp. serratuloides Leaves with 6-12 lobes each side, the lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate. Innermost involucral bracts 1 1-12 mm long; floral bracts 3.5 mm long. Perianth 19-20 mm long; limb4.5-5 mm long. Pistil 25-27 mm long, curved upwards and inwards; pollen presenter 3 mm long. Selected collections examined. N of Mogumber, 21 September 1984, C. Chapman (PERTH); Gillingarra Nature Reserve, S. Patrick 675 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs around Gillingarra and Mogumber. Habitat. Grows in loam over laterite, in clay-loam over laterite and in sandy gravel, in low kwongan or open scrub, sometimes with emergent Eucalyptus wandoo. Flowering period. July-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Declared Rare. Discussion. After anthesis the pistil is exserted centrifugally but then curves upwards and straightens below the pollen presenter, in contrast to D. meganotia in which it curves evenly outwards. Dryandra serratuloides subsp. perissa A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subsp. serratuloide foliis lobis 20-33 in quoque margine; bracteis involucralibus interioribus 22-25 mm longis, differt. Typus: 1 1 km E of Brand Hwy on Tootbardi Road, Western Australia, 30°08'S, 1 15°29'E, 7 August 1986, A.S. George 16820 ( holo : PERTH 04110587; iso: CANB, K, MEL). Leaves to 19 cm long, 7-12 mm wide, with 20-33 narrowly triangular lobes each side, the sinuses 1.5-6 mm across. Involucral bracts ovate (outer) to lanceolate-oblong (inner), the margins and upper lamina silky-hirsute, the innermost 22-25 mm long; floral bracts oblong, slightly hairy, 2,8-3 mm long. Perianth 20-23 mm long, silky-hirsute but tip of limb glabrous; limb 5-6 mm long. Pistil 22-25 mm long; pollen presenter 3-3.8 mm long. Follicles obovate, thick, densely hirsute, 6 mm long. Selected collections examined. Marchagee Track, E.A. Griffin 3464 (NSW, PERTH); Alexander Morrison National Park, S.J. Patrick 901 B (PERTH); Boothendarra Hill, S.J. Patrick 1025 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from Alexander Morrison National Park south to Badgingarra and Boothendarra Hill. Habitat. Grows in lateritic gravelly loam, in mallee-kwongan with Eucalyptus drummondii. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 351 Flowering period. August-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. Epithet from the Greek perissos (having more than the regular number), the subspecies having many more leaf lobes than subsp. serratuloides. Discussion. Easily distinguished from subsp. serratuloides by the greater number of lobes to the leaves. The involucral bracts are longer and tend to be more hairy. The perianth is usually slightly longer than in subsp. serratuloides but the pistil is usually shorter. Dryandra meganotia A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. serratuloide Meisn. subsp. serratuloide lobis foliorum linearibus et bracteis involucralibus longioribus (17-20 mm longis) praecipue differt; et ab subsp. perissa A.S. George lobis foliorum paucioris (6-10 in quoque margine) pungentibus et bracteis involucralibus brevioribus, differt. Typus: Dongolocking Nature Reserve, Western Australia, c. 33°03'S, 117°42'E, 14 October 1994, 4.5. George 17247 ( holo : PERTH 04228693; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Shrub to 1 m. Leaves 3-7 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, the midrib usually curved; lobes 6-10 each side, at c. 80°-90°, linear, acute, pungent, the margins revolute. Involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, silky on margins, otherwise glabrous except a few short hairs towards apex outside, the innermost 17-20 mm long; floral bracts linear, 2.5 mm long, loosely hirsute. Perianth 22-23 mm long, densely silky; limb 5-6.2 mm long. Pistil 26-30 mm long, curved evenly outwards; pollen presenter 3-4 mm long. Follicles 5 mm long. Selected collections examined. Reserve 16479, NW of Jitarning, J.M. Browne 003 (PERTH); c. 5 km NW of Nyabing, K. Newbey 3014 (PERTH); 7 km N of Harrismith, E. Wittwer 2039 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs in the Great Southern, from Kulin to Nyabing. Habitat. Grows in clay-loam or sandy loam over gravel, in kwongan, sometimes with Wandoo. Flowering period. October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. Named from the Greek megas (large) and notios (southern), this species occurring in the region of south-western Western Australia known as the Great Southern. Discussion. The flowers are a brighter yellow than those of D. serratuloides subsp. perissa (subsp. serrratuloides has pinkish flowers). Sometimes resembles D. cirsioides and D. xylothemelia but may be distinguished especially by the smaller flowers and fruit. 352 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Ser. 7 Ilicinae Dryandm ser. Ilicinae (Meisn.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra § Ilicinae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 467 (1856). Type : D. praemorsa Meisn., lecto (here chosen). Mostly erect shrubs or small trees , without lignotuber. Leaves cuneate, serrate. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchlet, large, conspicuous; involucral bracts shorter than flowers. Perianth straight. Pistil curved, prominently exserted adaxially before anthesis, longer than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed. Old flowers soon falling. Follicles obovate, loosely attached, usually opening when mature. Seed body basal; wing large, notched. A series of 3 species occurring between Perth and Hopetoun. Typification. Meisner included four species in § Ilicinae. Of these, D. cuneata is here placed in ser. Armatae and D. floribunda ( -D . sessilis ) in ser Floribundae. His brief diagnosis applies equally well to the other two - D. praemorsa and D. quercifolia - and the former is selected as lectotype as the first listed by Meisner. Dryandra praemorsa Meisn., in J.G.C. Lehmann, PI. Preiss. 2: 265 (1848) - Josephia praemorsa (Meisn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 2: 339 (iso: K). There are two varieties. 1 Pistil 30-38 mm long; leaves usually 2.5-6 cm long, 1-4 cm wide var. praemorsa 1: Pistil 47-52 mm long; leaves usually 4-1 1 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide var. splendens Dryandra praemorsa Meisn. var. praemorsa Dryandra praemorsa var. elongata Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 467 (1856). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 5: 422 (iso: BM, K (2 sheets), MEL, NY). Leaves 2.5-6 cm long, 1-4 cm wide. Pistil 30-38 mm long; pollen presenter 2-2.5 mm long. Distribution. Occurs between Clackline and Dwellingup. Habitat. Grows in lateritic in Jarrah-Marri forest and by granitic slopes. Flowering period. September-October. Selected collections examined. Mt Randall, 31 July 1932, C.A. Gardner s.n. (PERTH); Serpentine Falls, 25 Aug. 1941, C.A. Gardner s.n. (PERTH); NW of Dwellingup, A.S. George 17181 (PERTH); Clackline, Nov. 1939, B.T. Goadby (PERTH). Conservation status. Currently not endangered but vulnerable to Phytophthora and to frequent burning (most populations are in State forest which is control-burned). A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 353 Discussion. Some collections are intermediate between the two subspecies (see below). Dryandra praemorsa var. splendens A S. George, var. nov. Ab var. praemorsa foliis et pistillo majore differt. Folia 4-11 cm longa, 2.5-6 cm lata. Pistillum 47-52 mm longum; praebitor pollinis 4-5 mm longus. Typus : c. 10 km E of Albany Hwy on road from North Bannister to Wandering, Western Australia, c. 32°35'S, 1 16°3 l'E, 14 October 1994, A.S. George 17251 (holo: PERTH 04228863; iso: CANB, K, NSW, PERTH 04228871). Leaves 4-1 1 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide. Pistil 47-52 mm long; pollen presenter 4-5 mm long. Selected collections examined, c. 60 km SSE of Perth on Albany Hwy, Sept. 1925, C.A. Gardner s.n. (PERTH); Bannister River, Nov. 1962, F. Lullfitz (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from the Brookton Hwy south to Bannister. Habitat. Grows in lateritic gravel, in Jarrah-Marri open forest. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. The populations are vulnerable to Phytophthora. Etymology. The Latin epithet refers to the large conflorescence. Discussion. The leaf teeth are usually coarser than in var. praemorsa. There are two intermediate collections: Beraking, 1934, coll, unknown (PERTH) has leaves 4-9.5 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide; pistil 37-40 mm long; Bannister River, Nov. 1962, F. Lullfitz (PERTH), has pistils 44-45 mm long. Dryandra anatona A.S. George, sp. nov. Frutex angustus ad 5 m altus, caule principali uno et ramulis lateralibus brevibus, sine lignotubero. Caulis tomentosus hirsutusque. Folia cuneata, obtusa ad acuta, marginibus recurvis irregulariter serratis; lamina 3-7 cm longa, 12-22 mm lata, supra hirsuta sed glabrescens, infra albo-tomentosa-. Inflorescentia terminalis vel in ramulo laterali; bracteae involucrales lineari-lanceolatae, acutae ad acuminatae, pubescentes marginibus hirsutis, exteriores squarrosae, interiores 20-25 mm longae; flores c. 1 70 per capitulum. Perianthium 39-40 mm longum, supra basin hirsutum, deinde pubescens, limbo 5.5-6 mm longo hirsuto. Pistillum 49-50 mm longum, glabrum; praebitor pollinis angustus, costatus, 2-3 mm longus. Folliculi obovoidei, pubescentes, 23-24 mm longi. Typus: SSE of Mt Magcg, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia, 34°26'S, 117°57'E, 5 November 1986, A. S. George 16886 (holo: PERTH 04228707; iso: CANB). Shrub to 5 m with 1 main stem and short laterals, without lignotuber. Stems tomentose and hirsute. Leaves cuneate, obtuse to acute, irregularly serrate, mucronate, undulate; lamina 3-7 cm long, 12-22 mm wide, hirsute and glabrescent above, white-tomentose below; margins recurved; teeth 354 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 10-12 each side; petiole 3-7 mm long, hirsute. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchlet; receptacle T-shaped; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, the outer ones squarrose, pubescent with hirsute margins, the innermost 20-25 mm long; flowers c. 170 per head. Perianth 39-40 mm long, hirsute above base, then pubescent; limb 5.5-6 mm long, acute, hirsute, the apical hairs coarser. Pistil 49-50 mm long, glabrous; ovary long-hirsute; pollen presenter narrow above slender neck, ribbed, 2-3 mm long. Follicles obovoid, pubescent, 23-24 mm long, hirsute. Selected collections examined. Moongoongoonderup Hill, Stirling Range, B. Barnsley 735 (CANB, PERTH); Stirling Range Drive, A. Cochrane 368 (PERTH). Distribution. Known from a single locality in the Stirling Range National Park. Habitat. Grows on slopes in sandy soil over gravelly shale, in thick kwongan. Flowering period. January. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Declared Rare. The only known population is infected by Phytophthora and has been reduced to a few plants. Unless urgent conservation action is taken it will be extinct within one or two years. Etymology. Epithet from the Greek tonos (a drawing out or stretching) with the prefix ana- (upwards), in reference to the tall, spindly habit. Discussion. This species is remarkable for the tall, spindly habit and large follicles. It is placed in ser. Ilicinae in which it is allied to D. praemorsa but has a very spindly habit, narrower leaves with smaller lobing and much larger follicles. Superficially it also resembles D. falcata but is more hairy, with long (15-17 mm) floral bracts and a very different fruit. The juvenile leaves are obovate to cuneate and shortly serrate. Ser. 8 Dryandra Dryandra R. Br. ser. Dryandra - Dryandra ser. Formosae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 564, 572 (1870). Type'. D. formosa R. Br. IJosephia § Dryandra Kuntze, in T.E. von Post & C.E.O. Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 299 (1903) as Dryandera. Type', none cited. Erect shrubs without Iignotuber. Leaves broadly linear, pinnatifid. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchlet, conspicuous; involucral bracts broad, shorter than flowers. Perianth straight, the limb inflexed before anthesis. Pistil stout, curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, finely ribbed. Old flowers soon falling. Follicles several, obovate, often opening when mature, usually firmly attached. Seed wing terminal, notched. A series of 3 species occurring between Eneabba and Albany. Dryandra nobilis Lindl., Sketch Veg. Swan R. xxxiii (1840) - Josephia nobilis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type : south-western Western Australia, 183-, J. Drummond s.n. ( neo (here nominated): K). A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 355 Typification. Unusually for the many species described by Lindley in this work, there is no type at CGE. The neotype is from one of Drummond’s early, unnumbered collections and may well be a duplicate of material seen by Lindley. There are two subspecies. 1 Leaf lobes usually 14-24 each side; lamina 8-25 mm wide; sinuses 6-15 mm across; flowers not scented; perianth golden including limb subsp. nobilis 1 : Leaf lobes usually 20-30 each side; lamina 5-9 mm wide; sinuses 3-7 mm across; flowers strongly and sweetly scented; perianth red-pink with greenish limb subsp. fragrans Dryandra nobilis Lindl. subsp. nobilis Lea/lobes mostly 14-24 each side; lamina 8-25 mm wide; sinuses 6-15 mm across. Flowers not scented. Perianth golden including limb. Distribution. Occurs between Walebing and Katanning. Habitat. Grows on lateritic rises in eucalypt woodland and tall shrubland. Flowering period. July-October. Dryandra nobilis subsp. fragrans A.S. George, subsp. nov. Foliorum lobi plerumque 20-30 in quoque margine; lamina 5-9 mm lata, sinubus 3-7 mm latis. Flores iucunde odorati; perianthium roseum limbo virenti. Typus: Willis Rd, N of Coorow-Greenhead Rd, Western Australia, 29°59'S, 1 15°32'E, 5 August 1986, A.S. George 16786 (holo: PERTH 04228421; iso: CANB, K, NSW). Leaf lobes mostly 20-30 each side; lamina 5-9 mm wide; sinuses 3-7 mm across. Flowers strongly and sweetly scented. Perianth red-pink with greenish limb. Selected collections examined, c. 24 km NW of Badgingarra, A.S. George 6769 (PERTH); 14.5 km N of Badgingarra, on Brand Hwy, A.S. George 16824 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Eneabba and Badgingarra. Habitat. Grows on lateritic rises, in thick kwongan. Flowering period. July-Septernber. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. The Latin epithet fragrans (pleasantly scented) refers to the flowers. 356 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Discussion. Differs from subsp. nobilis in having narrower leaves with usually smaller lobes, in the scented flowers and in the perianth being reddish pink with a green limb. Ser. 9 Foliosae Dryandra ser. Foliosae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices plerumque rectae, sine lignotubero. Folia conferta, linearia, pinnatifida. Inflorescentia plerumque in ramulo brevi laterali, occulta, raro terminalis; bracteae involucrales flores c. aequilongae vel parum breviores; receptaculum planum. Perianthium rectum ad leniter curvatum, limbo ante anthesin inflexo. Pistillum curvatum, perianthio longiore; praebitor pollinis angustus, costatus. Flores veteres persistentes. Folliculi magni, curvato-obovati, valde affixi. Typus : D. mucronulata R. Br. Mostly erect shrubs, without lignotuber. Leaves crowded, linear, pinnatifid. Inflorescence usually on short lateral branchlet from old stem, concealed, occasionally terminal; involucral bracts c. as long as or slightly shorter than flowers; receptacle fiat. Perianth straight to gently curved, the limb inflexed before anthesis. Pistil curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles large, curved-obovate, usually remaining closed until burnt, firmly attached. A series of 3 species of shrublands and kwongan between Busselton and Ravensthorpe. Etymology. The epithet, from the Latin folium (a leaf) and the suffix -osus (indicating abundance), refers to the densely leafy habit of the 3 species in the series. Dryandra mucronulata R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 213 (1810) - Josephia mucronulata (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 ( 1 89 1 ). Type: between Princess Royal Harbour and [West] Cape Howe, [Western Australia], December 1801, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3420 (halo: BM; iso: K, MEL, PERTH). Discussion. Distinguished from the closely related D. baxteri by the broad, abruptly acuminate silky involucral bracts, the smaller flowers and the slightly thickened, ribbed pollen presenter. There are 2 subspecies. 1 Leaves 5-12 mm wide; sinuses V-shaped; teeth of leaves subtending inflorescence straight; perianth 15-20 mm long; pistil 20-25 mm long .... subsp. mucronulata 1 : Leaves 4-7 mm wide; sinuses ± U-shaped; teeth of leaves subtending inflorescence often retrorse; perianth 27-30 mm long; pistil 34-38 mm long ...subsp. retrorsa Dryandra mucronulata R. Br. subsp. mucronulata Leaves 5-12 mm wide; teeth of leaves subtending inflorescence straight; sinuses V-shaped, 3-6 mm across. Perianth 15-20 mm long; limb 3 mm long. Pistil 20-25 mm long; pollen presenter 1.5 mm long. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 357 Selected collections examined. Mt Toolbrunup, A.S. George 10873 (PERTH); near junction of Salt River Rd and Red Gum Pass Rd, A.S. George 16656 (PERTH); North Point, Two Peoples Bay, A.S. George 6281 (PERTH); 60 km NE of Albany on Hassell Hwy, D.J.E.Whibley 5233 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs in the western and central parts of the Stirling Range National Park and south to Albany and Cheyne Beach. Habitat. In the Stirling Range grows in gravelly loam in mallee kwongan and in rocky shale in tall shrubland, elsewhere in sand in kwongan. Flowering period. May-July. Dryandra mucronulata R. Br. subsp. retrorsa A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subsp. mucronulata foliis 4-7 mm latis; dentibus foliorum inflorescentiae cingentium plerumque retrorsis; sinubus U-formis, 2-5 mm latis; perianthio 27-30 mm longo, limbo 3.5-4 mm longo; pistillo 34-38 mm longo, et praebitore pollinis 2 mm longo, differt. Typus : SW of Cranbrook, Western Australia, 34°16'S, 1 16°59’E, 20 May. 1995, A.S. George 17254 (holo: PERTH 04228499; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228502). Leaves 4-7 mm wide; teeth of leaves subtending inflorescence often retrorse; sinuses ± U-shaped, 2-5 mm across. Perianth 27-30 mm long; limb 3.5-4 mm long. Pistil 34-38 mm long; pollen presenter 2 mm long. Selected collections examined. NW of Cranbrook, A.S. George 9492 (PERTH); SW of Broomehill, 25 July 1963, K. Newbey 709D (PERTH). Distribution. Near Cranbrook and Broomehill. Habitat. Grows in clay in Eucalyptus wandoo woodland and in laterite in tall scrub. Flowering period. July-August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. ■ The only known extant population (of about ten plants) is on a narrow road verge. The species appears to have died out at the other locality near Cranbrook, and that near Broomehill is probably now cleared. Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin retrorsus (turned backwards), in reference to the teeth and lobes of the floral leaves. Discussion. Flowers larger than those of subsp. mucronulata, leaves narrower with scalloped margins. Ser. 10 Decurrentes Dryandra ser. Decurrentes (Meisn.) A.S. George, stat. nov. 358 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Dryandra § Decurrentes Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 476 (1856). Type : D. comosa Meisn., lecto (here chosen). Bushy shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves linear, sparsely serrate. Inflorescence sessile or on short branchlet, on older stem; involucral bracts as long as or exceeding flowers. Perianth straight, the limb often inflexed before anthesis. Pistil curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter small, narrow. Old flowers persistent. Follicles obovate, usually remaining closed until burnt, fairly firmly attached. A single species confined to the Wongan Hills district. Typification. Meisner included eleven species in this group, here considered to belong to seven series. All except D. tenuifolia and /). comosa can be placed in previously named series. Of these two species, the latter has a slight edge in matching the protologue in having leaves always with widely spaced lobes that are more prominently decurrent than in D. tenuifolia (Meisner described them as ‘lobis plus minus remotis brevibus . . . decurrenti-confluentibus’). Ser. 11 Tenuifoliae Dryandra ser. Tenuifoliae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices recti vel prostrati sine lignotubero. Folia linearia, breviter pinnatifida, serrata vel integra; petiolus gracillimus. Inflorescentia in ramulo brevi laterali inter folia veteria. Perianthium rectum limbo recto. Pistillum rectum vel leviter curvatum, perianthio breviore; praebitor pollinis non incrassatus, costatus. Flores veteres persistentes. Folliculi obovati, glabri, leniter affixi. Typus: D. tenuifolia R. Br. Erect or prostrate shubs without lignotuber. Leaves linear, shortly pinnatifid, serrate or entire; petiole very slender. Inflorescence on short lateral branchlet among older foliage. Perianth straight, the limb erect. Pistil straight or gently curved, shorter than perianth; pollen presenter not thickened, ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles obovate, glabrous, loosely attached. Two species widespread between Arthur River and Israelite Bay. Differs from ser. Decurrentes in having the pistil shorter than the perianth, and from ser. Runcinatae in the non-succulent perianth. The petiole of D. tenuifolia is remarkably slender, 0. 1-0.2 mm wide. Dryandra tenuifolia R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 215 (1810) - Josephia tenuifolia (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type : Bay I [Lucky Bay, E of Esperance, Western Australia], January 1802, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3425 {hole. BM; iso: K (2 sheets), MEL). Distribution. Widespread in southern Western Australia from near Darkan and the Beaufort River (south of Williams) to Cape Arid, east of Esperance. There are two varieties. 1 Plant bushy, ± erect; leaves pinnatifid to serrate for all or most of their length var. tenuifolia 1 : Plant prostrate or procumbent; leaves entire or serrate only in upper part var. reptans A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 359 Dryandra tenuifolia R. Br. var. tenuifolia D. elegans Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14:473(1856)- D. tenuifolia var. elegans (Meisn.) Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 582 (1870). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 4: 317 (hob: NY; iso: BM, CGE, K (2 sheets), MEL). Shrub bushy, the branches erect or spreading, to 1 m tall. Leaves pinnatifid or serrate for most of their length. Distribution. Occurs from Kamballup to Cape Arid, including parts of the Stirling Range. Habitat. Grows in sand over gravel, clay-loam and gravel, in kwongan, often with emergent mallees. Flowering period. March-June. Conservation status. Not endangered. Discussion. Some collections are intermediate between the varieties. Dryandra tenuifolia R. Br. var. reptans A.S. George, var. nov. Frutex prostratus vel procumbens. Folia integra vel non nisi ad apicem serrata. Typus: c. 54 km S of Williams, Western Australia, 28 July 1953, R. Melville 4359 & R. D. Royce (, holo : PERTH 01791567; iso: HO, K, MEL). Shrub prostrate or procumbent. Leaves entire, or serrate only in upper part. Selected collections examined. Toompup Rd, 6.1 km S of Gnowangerup-Ongerup rd, Western Australia, 34°03'S, 1 18°27’E, 29 July 1986, A.S. George 16676 (PERTH); c. 16 km E of Ongerup, K. Newbey 881 (PERTH); c. 28 km W of Ravensthorpe and 12 km N of the Ravensthorpe-Ongerup road, P.G. Wilson 7 1 30 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from near Darkan and the Beaufort River to Jerramungup, with an outlier farther east towards Ravensthorpe. Habitat. Grows in sand over clay or laterite, in kwongan with emergent mallees. Flowering period. July. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. The Latin epithet reptans (creeping) refers to the habit. Discussion. Illustrated in R.M. Sainsbury, Field Guide Dryandra 107 (1985) as D. tenuifolia. 360 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Dryandra obtusa R. Br„ Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 214(1810 )- Josephia obtusa (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: Lucky Bay, [E of Esperance, Western Australia], January 1802, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3422 ( holo : BM; iso: K). Dryandra muttiserialis F. Muell., Fragm. 5: 185 (1866). Type: near Cape le Grand, Western Australia, G. Maxwell ; lecto (here chosen): MEL. Typification. I have found no sheet annotated by Mueller as D. multiserialis. The above collection agrees with the protologue and is probably the specimen seen by him. Discussion. Dryandra obtusa is placed tentatively in ser. Tenuifoliae but requires further research to determine if this is the appropriate series. It resembles species of ser. Runcinatae but the perianth is not succulent at the base. Ser. 12 Runcinatae Dryandra ser. Runcinatae (Meisn.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra § Runcinatae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 468 (1856). Type: D. runcinata Meisn. = D. ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn. Small erect or prostrate shrubs, with or without lignotuber. Leaves large, pinnatifid to serrate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, often on older stem, sessile or on short branchlet; involucral bracts as long as or longer than flowers, usually broadly linear, red-brown and often shining; receptacle flat or gently concave or very convex. Perianth straight, swollen and succulent for a short distance above base; limb large, erect. Pistil curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles obovate with notch above base, shining, usually remaining closed until burnt. A series of 4 species in southern Western Australia. The large leaves, large heads with prominent brown bracts and perianth with succulent, swollen lower claws characterize this series. Dryandra ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 7: 123 (1855) - D. proteoides Lindl. wax. ferruginea (Kippist ex Meisn.) Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 582 (1870). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 5: 416 (iso: BM, CGE, K (2 sheets)). A variable species here divided into 6 subspecies. 1 Stems erect 2 Leaf lobes at 80°-90° 3 Pistil 50-66 mm long; involucral bracts 50-60 mm long (SE of Pingelly) subsp. tutanningensis 3: Pistil 30-45, rarely to 50 mm long; involucral bracts 30-50 mm long, rarely longer 4 Leaf lamina 15-35 cm long, 10-28 (rarely to 40 mm) mm wide; margins revolute (Wickepin to Nyabing & Lake Grace) subsp. ferruginea A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 361 4: Leaf lamina 8-15 cm long, 18-35 mm wide; margins almost flat (Stirling Range) subsp. pumila 2: Leaf lobes ascending at 60°-70° (Corrigin area) subsp. obliquiloba 1: Stems prostrate 5 Leaves 20-45 mm wide, the lobes usually falcate to somewhat reflexed (Newdegate-Ravensthorpe) subsp. chelomacarpa 5: Leaves 7-15 mm wide, the lobes triangular, at c. 90° (E of Lake King) subsp. flavescens Dryandra ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn. subsp. ferruginea D. runcinata Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 469 (1856) - Josephia runcinata (Meisn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 4: 318 (iso: BM, K (2 sheets), MEL, PERTH). Erect bushy shrub to 70 cm without lignotuber. Lea/lamina 15-35 cm long, 10-28 (rarely to 40) mm wide; lobes 5-10 each side, at 80°-90°, triangular, acute, the margins moderately recurved; petiole 5-15 cm long. Involucral brads 38-50 mm long; floral bracts 8-1 1 mm long. Perianth 35-40 (rarely to 50) mm long. Pistil 38-43 (rarely to 48) mm long. Distribution. Occurs from Wickepin and Kulin to Nyabing and east to Lake Grace. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over lateritic gravel in kwongan. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Not endangered. Discussion. Very variable in size of heads and flowers and in indumentum of involucral bracts, some specimens being quite hairy, others almost glabrous except tips and margins. Newbey 3044, 1 km west of Tarin Rock (PERTH), has leaves with few or no leaf lobes but is otherwise typical. Dryandra ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis foliis magnis (lamina 15-35 cm longa) serratis et capitulis magnis (bracteae involucrales 50-66 mm longae; pistillum 50-66 mm longum), praecipue differt. Typus: Tutanning Nature Reserve, SE of Pingelly, Western Australia, 7 October 1973, A.S. George 11713 (. holo : PERTH 03462439; iso: CANB, K, NSW). Bushy erect shrub to 1 m. Leaf lamina 15-35 cm long, 15-27 mm wide; lobes 15-20 each side, triangular to broadly so, acute, at 80°-90° but lower margin at more acute angle than upper; sinuses obliquely U-shaped, 5-20 mm across; margins shortly recurved; petiole 3-10 cm long. Involucral bracts 50-66 mm long; floral bracts 9-10 mm long. Perianth 45-50 mm long; limb 14-15 mm long. Pistil 50-66 mm long; pollen presenter 8-9 mm long. Selected collections examined. Tutanning Reserve, G. Heinsohn 25 (PERTH); Tutanning Reserve, B.G. Muir 37 (PERTH). 362 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Distribution. Restricted to Tutanning Nature Reserve, south-east of Pingelly. Habitat. Grows in massive laterite with Eucalyptus accedens and thick scrub. Flowering period. October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Named after the Tutanning Nature Reserve to which the subspecies is confined, the suffix -ensis indicating place. Discussion. Distinguished by the large leaves and inflorescence. Leaf lobes more numerous and wider and with less recurved margins than in subsp .ferruginea. Three collections (e.g. A.S. George 16699, north of Nyabing, PERTH) have large heads and flowers as in subsp. tutanningensis but leaves of subsp. ferruginea; these populations require further study. Dryandra ferruginea subsp. pumila A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis habitu minore (ad 30 cm alto) et foliis brevioribus (lamina 8-15 cm longa) praecipue differt. Typus: scenic lookout between Mt Talyuberlup and Mt Magog picnic sites, Stirling Range Scenic Drive, Western Australia, 28 September 1986, K. AlcockAll ( holo : PERTH 041 10595; iso: CANB). Erect shrub to 30 cm tall without lignotuber. Leaf lamina 8-15 cm long, 18-35 mm wide, 12-30 mm wide; lobes 8-12 each side, ate. 70°-80°, triangular, acute; margins almost flat; sinuses 5-15 mm across; petiole 3-5 cm long. Follicles broadly obovate with slight basal notch, 15 mm long. Selected collections examined. North-west slope of Little Mondurup, G.J. Keighery 9 1 90 (PERTH). Distribution. Endemic in the Stirling Range National Park, known from two populations. Habitat. Grows on rocky shale slopes in low open kwongan and mallee kwongan. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Known from two populations susceptible to infection by Phytophthora. Etymology. Named from the Latin pumilus (small, diminutive), this subspecies being of much smaller habit than the others. Discussion. Essentially smaller in habit than subsp. ferruginea , the leaves shorter, usually with narrower sinuses and the margins less recurved. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 363 Dryandra ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis foliis lobis obliquis longioribus angustioribus differt. Typus: reserve by Scenic Lookout, c. 2 km W of Corrigin, Western Australia, c. 32°50'S, 1 17°51'E, 8 October 1994, A.S. George 17224 {holo: PERTH 04228715; iso: AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228723). Bushy shrub to 1 m without lignotuber. Leaf lamina pinnatipartite, 10-30 cm long, 20-40 mm wide; lobes 10-17 each side, at 60°-70°, linear-narrowly triangular, acute; margins scarcely recurved; sinuses obliquely U-shaped, 10-30 mm across; petiole 10-15 cm long. Involucral bracts 40-45 mm long; flowers c. 90-1 15 per head; floral bracts 4-5 mm long. Perianth 30-34 mm long; limb 8-9.5 mm long. Pistil 35-42 mm long; pollen presenter 5-7 mm long. Follicles broadly obovate, 13-14mmlong. Selected collections examined. 1.5 km E of Dudinin on Kulin Rd, K. Alcock 484 (MEL); c. 4 km W of Corrigin, R. Spjutetal. 7362 (PERTH); Middleton Rd, S of Corrigin, A.S. George 17228 (AD, BRI, PERTH). Distribution. Occurs in the Corrigin area. Habitat. Grows in lateritic gravel in dense kwongan. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Named from the Latin obliquus (oblique, slanting) and lobus (a lobe), in reference to the leaf lobes. Discussion. Typically has longer, narrower leaf lobes than the other subspecies. Dryandra ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspp. ferruginea , tutanningense A.S. George et pumila A.S. George caulibus prostratis praecipue differt; ab subsp. flavescenti lobis foliorum longiore (lamina folii 20-45 mm lata), marginibus breviter recurvis, differt. Typus: Creek Rd, off Old Ravensthorpe [-Newdegate] Rd, Western Australia, 31 July 1986, A.S. George 16714 {holo: PERTH 03462544; iso: CANB, NSW). Shrub with underground prostrate stems, to 1 m diam., with ‘/lignotuber. Leaves pinnatipartite; lamina 15-20 cm long, 20-45 mm wide; margins shortly recurved; lobes 10-15 each side, narrowly triangular-falcate, at 80°-90°, acute, pungent; sinuses U-shaped 8-25 mm across; petiole 3-6 cm long. Involucral bracts 30-40 mm long; flowers 40-65 per head; floral bracts 7 mm long. Perianth 32-35 mm long, yellow; limb 9- 1 1 mm long. Pistil 35-45 mm long; pollen presenter 4-8 mm long. Follicles obovate with prominent basal notch, 15 mm long. 364 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Selected collections examined, c. 16 km W of Lake King, K. Newbey 1 839 (PERTH); S of Newdegate, M. Pieroni 1 1 (MEL, PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Newdegate and Ravensthorpe. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over gravel in low kwongan. Flowering period. July-September. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Named from the Greek cheloma (a notch) and carpos (a fruit), in reference to the notch at the base of the follicle. Discussion. Distinguished by the prostrate stems; leaf lobes much longer than in subsp. flavescens. Dryandra ferruginea subsp. flavescens A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab subsp. chelomacarpa A.S. George foliorum lobis brevioribus (lamina folii 7-15 mm lata) marginibus arete revolutis, differt. Folia in sicco flavescentia. Typus: E of Lake King crossroads, Western Australia, 31 July 1986, A. S. George 16727 ( holo : PERTH 03462498; iso: CANB, PERTH 03462501, 03462528). Shrub with prostrate stems, sometimes underground, to 1 m diam., with ?lignotuber. Leaves pinnatifid; lamina 12-30 cm long, 7-15 mm wide, sometimes to 25 mm; teeth 5-20 each side, triangular, acute, pungent, at c. 90°; margins strongly revolute; sinuses 8-15 mm across; petiole 3-6 mm long. Involucral bracts 4.5-5.5 cm long; flowers c. 75 per head; floral bracts 5-9 mm long. Perianth 31-40 mm long, pale yellow, cream at base; limb 7-8.5 mm long, sparsely hirsute to almost glabrous, greenish. Pistil 43-50 mm long; pollen presenter 4.5-6 mm long. Follicles obovate with prominent basal notch, 15 mm long. Selected collection examined. Frank Hann National Park, D. Monk 309 (PERTH). Distribution . Occurs to the east of Lake King, including the western part of Frank Hann National Park, and north to Forrestania. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam with some gravel, in low kwongan. Flowering period. August. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. The Latin flavescens (becoming yellow) refers to the leaves which dry a yellowish colour. Discussion. Leaves drying yellowish, with much smaller lobes than in subsp. chelomacarpa. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 365 Dryandra corvijuga A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. ferrugineam Meisn. affinis, a qua habitu recto altiore (ad 1.3 m alto), et foliis confertis breviter serratis (lamina folii 5-13 mm lata), differt. Typus : Mt Short, N of Ravensthorpe, Western Australia, 2 October 1 986, K. Alcock A94 ( holo : PERTH 04225791; iso: CANB). Shrub to 1.3 m, without lignotuber, densely leaved. Leaves broadly linear, acute, serrate; lamina 10-20 cm long, 5-13 mm wide; teeth 10-25 each side, triangular, oblique, acute, pungent; margins revolute; petiole slender, 2-6 cm long. Inflorescence on short lateral branchlet; involucral bracts 4-6 cm long, obtuse, appressed-pubescent, shining brown; flowers c. 60 per head. Perianth 38-41 mm long, shortly hirsute above base, then glabrous; limb 7-9 mm long, loosely hirsute. Pistil 44-46 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter narrow, 5-6 mm long, ribbed. Follicles elliptic-obovate, 1 5 mm long, glabrous. Selected collections examined. Mt Short, Sept. 1980, E.M. Bennett (PERTH); Elverdton, SE of Ravensthorpe, A. S. George 1641 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs in the Ravensthorpe Range. Habitat. Grows in rocky, lateritic soil in dense shrubland. Flowering period. September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin corvus (a crow or raven) and jugus (paired or yoked together and hence jugum, a range of hills), in reference to the Ravensthorpe Range. Discussion. Distinguished by the erect, densely leaved habit and shortly serrate leaves. Dryandra epimicta A.S. George, sp. nov. Species bene distincta. Frutex cum lignotubero caulibus prostratis. Folia conferta, linearia, pinnatifida, lamina 1 1-33 cm longa, 7-14 mm lata; margines revoluti; lobi 10-35 in quoque margine, falcati. Inflorescentia terminalis, ascendens; bracteae involucrales ovatae ad late lineares, acutae, appresso-pubescentes, tenues, ad 8-9 cm longae; flores c. 45-70 per capitulum, foetidi. Perianthium 43-52 mm longuin, supra basin villosum. deinde glabrum, limbo 7-8 mm longo, parce hirsuto vel glabro. Pistillum leniter curvatum, 45-58 mm Iongum, supra basin pubescens, deinde glabrum; praebitor pollinis angustus, costatus, 4-5 mm longus. Folliculi obovati basi constricto, 18-19 mm longi, fere glabri. Typus: Hopkins Reserve, SE of Kulin, Western Australia, 32°44'S, 1 1 8° 1 7'E, 4 September 1986, M. Pieroni s.n. {holo: PERTH 03347869). Shrub with prostrate stems, with lignotuber. Stems ± on surface, tomentose, with broadly linear prophylls at base of annual growth. Leaves crowded, erect, linear, pinnatifid, acute, pungent, 366 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) 1 1-33 cm long, 7-14 mm wide, white-tomentose below; margins revolute; lobes 10-35 each side, broadly falcate, pungent, to 6 mm long, the upper margin less prominent than lower; petiole to 3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, ascending; involucral bracts ovate to broadly linear, acute, appressed- pubescent, to 8-9 cm long; flowers c. 45-70 per head. Perianth 43-52 mm long, curled-villous above base, glabrous above; limb 7-8 mm long, swollen at base, sparsely hirsute to glabrous. Pistil gently curved, 45-58 mm long, pubescent above base; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed, 4-5 mm long. Follicles several, ± unilaterally obovate with constricted base, 18-19 mm long, almost glabrous, striate. Selected collections examined. N side of Hopkins Reserve, A.S. George 17232 (PERTH); c. 14 km SE of Kulin, R.J. Hnatiuk 770134 (PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to a small area south-east of Kulin. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam in low kwongan and tall open shrubland. Flowering period. August-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Known from only three sites in a nature reserve, between them containing fewer than 100 plants. Etymology. Named from the Greek mykter (a nose, nostril) with the prefix epi- (upon); the flowers have a strong, unpleasant scent. Discussion. A distinctive species in its prostrate habit, large conflorescence with acuminate, ± soft, mid-brown involucral bracts and unpleasantly scented flowers. Dryandra proteoides Lind!., Sketch Veg. Swan R. xxxiii (1840) - Josephia proteoides (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891) as proteodes. Type', south-western Western Australia, 183-, J. Drummond s.n. ( neo (here nominated): K; isoneo: K (2 sheets)). Typification. As with D. nobilis, there is no sheet at CGE. That selected as neotype is one of three sheets at Kew; it is from the Hookerian Herbarium and has the annotation ‘Dryandra proteoides Lindl. Sw. riv. [i.e. Swan River] Drummond’. Ser. 13 Triangulares Dryandra ser. Triangulares A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices parvae rectae, plerumque dense foliatae, sine lignotubero. Folia magna, pinnatisecta lobis grandibus ± triangularibus. Inflorescentia in ramulo brevi laterali vel terminalis; bracteae involucrales quam flores breviores, angustae sed basi angusto, tomentosae. Perianthium rectum limbo grande recto. Pistillum curvatum, quam perianthio longiori; praebitor pollinis angustus, costatus. Folliculi elliptici ad late obovati vel orbiculares. Ty pus'. D. drummondii Meisn. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 367 Small erect shrubs, usually densely leaved, without lignotuber. Leaves large, pinnatisect with large ± triangular lobes. Inflorescence on short lateral branchlet or terminal; involucral bracts shorter than flowers, usually narrow on thick base, hairy. Perianth straight with large erect limb. Pistil curved, longer than perianth or that of central flowers about as long; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed. Fadedflowers soon falling. Follicles elliptic to broadly obovate or almost orbicular, usually remaining closed until burnt. A series of 3 species. Although the heads are large as in ser. Runcinatae, the involucral bracts are much smaller and more hairy and the perianth is not succulent above the base. Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin triangularis (triangular in shape) and refers to the large, triangular leaf lobes of species in the series. Dryandra drummondii Meisn., in J.G.C. Lehmann (ed.), PI. Preiss. 2: 267 (1848). Type : south- western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 3: 299 (iso: BM (2 sheets), K (3 sheets), MEL). Three subspecies are recognized. 1 Pistil 60-69 mm long, red 1: Pistil 43-60 mm long, yellow 2 Perianth limb 1 1-13 mm long; pollen presenter 7.5-10 mm long; flowers in summer 2: Perianth limb 9 mm long; pollen presenter 6.5 mm long; flowers in winter Dryandra drummondii Meisn. subsp. drummondii D. calophylla var. acaulis Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 481 (1856). Type : south- western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 2: 300 (iso: BM, K (2 sheets), MEL). Shrub to 1 m. Lea/lamina 20-90 cm long; petiole 5-15 cm long. Perianth 40-42 mm long; limb 11-13 mm long. Pistil 47-53 mm long; pollen presenter 7.5-10 mm long. Follicles 16-18 mm long. Distribution. Occurs in the Stirling Range, south to Kendenup and South Stirling and north-east towards Ongerup. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over gravel in mallee kwongan. Flowering period. November-January. Dryandra drummondii subsp. hiemalis A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis limbo perianthii breviore (c. 9 mm longo), praebitore pollinis breviore (c. 6.5 mm longo) et florescentia hiemali differt. Typus: 5 km N of Calingiri turnoff. Great Northern Hwy, Western Australia, 1 June 1984, A.S. George 16300 & P. Nikulinsky (holo: PERTH 03462552; iso: AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03462560, 03462579). ...subsp. macrorufa subsp. drummondii subsp. hiemalis 368 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Shrub to 50 cm tall. Leaf lamina 17-30 cm long; petiole 6-9 cm long. Perianth 37-42 mm long; limb c. 9 mm long. Pistil 43-54 mm long; pollen presenter c. 6.5 mm long. Follicles 17-20 mm long, glabrous. Selected collections examined. Coffin Rock [SW ofYork ],H. Demarz 1297 (PERTH); S of North Rd, near Bindoon, Great Northern Hwy, M. Pieroni 93/5 (PERTH); S of Wickepin, 16 May 1979, K. Wallace (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between New Norcia and Wickepin. Habitat. Grows in lateritic gravel in Jarrah-Marri open forest and Wandoo woodland. Flowering period. May-June. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The Latin hiemalis (of winter) refers to the flowering period which contrasts with the summer flowering of the two other subspecies. Discussion. Flowers faintly scented. Dryandra drummondii subsp. macrorufa A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis foliis majoribus (lamina 15-36 cm longa), floribus majoribus (perianthium 55-56 mm longum; pistillum 60-69 mm longum), et pistillo rufo, differt. Typus: 3.3 km E on South Fence Rd from Kuringup Rd, SE of Nyabing, Western Australia, 5 January 1992, M. Pieroni 92/1 (holo: PERTH 02003813; iso: CBG, K). Shrub to 1.5 m tall and 2 m wide. Leaf lamina 15-36 cm long; petiole 4-15 cm long. Perianth 55-56 mm long; limb c. 14 mm long. Pistil 60-69 mm long, crimson; pollen presenter c. 9.5 mm long. Follicles not seen. Distribution. Known only from the type. Habitat. Grows in sand over gravel, in low kwongan. Flowering period. January. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Etymology. Epithet from the Greek macro- (large) and the Latin rufus (red), in reference to the large flowers with red styles. It is known as ‘Big Red’. Discussion. The single collection of this taxon is distinguished from all other collections of the species by its larger size and red style. A.S. George, New taxa and anew infrageneric classification in Dryandra 369 Dryandra octotriginta A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. drummoncLii Meisn. caulibus longioribus (frutex ad 1 m altus), foliorum lobis ± planis marginibus rectis, et inflorescentiis numerosioris, praecipue differt. Typus : Manuel Rd, S of Nyabing, Western Australia, 33°27'S, 1 18°10'E, 30 July 1986, A.S. George 16695 (holo: PERTH 041 10617; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Shrub to 1 m, without lignotuber. Stems erect, with thick, ± lanceolate, villous prophylls. Leaves deeply pinnatipartite to almost pinnatisect, bluish green; lamina 10-25 cm long, 3-6 cm wide; lobes 10-18 each side, triangular, usually narrow and ± straight-sided, decurrent, at 70°-80°, the pits on undersurface indistinct, shallow; margins almost flat to shortly recurved; petiole 3-6 cm long. Inflorescence with linear, leaf-like bracts around involucre; involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate, to 10-20 mm long, rusty- villous; flowers 50-85 per head. Perianth 35-43 mm long, pale gold; claws curled-villous to tomentose; limb 8-11 mm long, appressed-silky with long terminal tuft. Pistil 40-48 mm long, bowed, very thick towards base, glabrous, cream; pollen presenter narrowly fusiform, 5-7.5 mm long, ribbed, green. Follicles obovate, 13 mm long, 12 mm wide, sparsely hairy, striate, shining, ± viscid. Selected collections examined, c. 21 km S of Hyden, A.S. George 9888 (PERTH); Wingedine Reserve, W of Woodanilling, A.S. George 16649 (PERTH); 15 km S of Kulin, R.J. HnatiukllQAll (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from Woodanilling to Nyabing and east to Newdegate and Dragon Rocks. Habitat. Grows in gravelly loam in kwongan, often with mallee eucalypts. Flowering period. July-August. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Name adapted from the Latin for 38, this being the number given to the taxon in a preliminary list of new taxa and used to refer to it by members of the Dryandra Study Group of the Society for Growing Australian Plants. Discussion. Closely related to D. drummondii, differing in the longer stems, more floriferous habit and the more acute leaf lobes with straighter sides. Usually the leaf lobes are narrower than those of D. drummondii and there are more small leaves below the inflorescence. Variable in flower size. Dryandra catoglypta A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. drummondii Meisn. et D. octotriginta A.S. George bracteis caulorum late ovato-oblongis recurvis, perianthii limbo longiore (12-15 mm longo), et praebitore pollinis longiore (8-9 mm longo) angustiore, differt. Typus: N of Badgingarra, Western Australia, 22 July 1993, M. Pieroni 93/7 (holo: PERTH 04083792; iso: AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH). 370 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Shrub to 1 m tall and 1 m wide, without lignotuber. Stems with broadly ovate-oblong bracts at base of annual increment, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, usually recurved. Leaves pinnatisect; lamina 15-30 cm long, 2.5-7 cm wide; lobes 10-15 each side, triangular, acute, pungent, at 80°-90°, the upper margin ± straight to gently curved, the lower more convex; pits in lower surface indistinct, shallow; margins flat; petiole 1 .5-8 cm long. Inflorescence terminal to short branchlet, with several linear, leaf-like bracts around involucre; involucral bracts broadly ovate-oblong, silky-villous, to 25 mm long; flowers 85-1 10 per head. Perianth 44-56 mm long, villous with pale hairs becoming silky towards limb; limb very narrow, 12-15 mm long, appressed-silky with pale hairs and a terminal rusty- red tuft. Pistil 46-64 mm long, bowed, glabrous; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed, 8-9 mm long, dull reddish pink. Follicles broadly obovate, 15-17 mm long, 17-20 mm wide, loosely hirsute, glabrescent, striate, shining. Selected collections examined. Near Tootbardi Road, N of Badgingarra, K. Alcock 507 (PERTH); Gardner Range, July 1980, D. Lievense (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs in the Gardner Range and north of Badgingarra. Habitat. Grows on lateritic breakaways in kwongan. Flowering period. June-July. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Etymology. Named from the Greek glyptos (carved) with the prefix cato- (downwards), in reference to the bracts on the stem which appear as though cut back and curled downwards. Discussion. Closely related to D. drummondii and especially D. octotriginta , differing mainly in the prominent recurved bracts on the stems, the longer perianth limb and longer, very narrow pollen presenter. Old Bowers caducous. Follicles loosely attached. Ser. 14 Aphragma Dryandra ser. Aphragma (R. Br.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra sect. Aphragma , R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 37 (1830) - Josephia sect. Aphragma (R. Br.) Kuntze, in T.E. von Post & C.E.O. Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 299 (1903). Type'. D. nervosa R. Br. Prostrate or erect shrubs, with or without lignotuber. Leaves large, pinnatipartite to pinnatifid. Inflorescence terminal, usually subtended by long leaves; receptacle ± flat; involucral bracts shorter than flowers, villous, hirsute or pubescent all over. Perianth straight, with long limb. Pistil curved, shorter or in 1 species longer than perianth; pollen presenter elongated, narrow, striate. Faded flowers soon falling. Follicles rather large, obovate, usually remaining closed until burnt, rather loosely attached. A series of 9 species. Similar to ser. Triangulares but with much narrower leaf lobes and the pistil usually shorter than the perianth. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 371 Dryandra pteridifolia R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 215 (1810) - Josephia pteridifolia (R. Br.) Poir., Diet. Sci. Nat. 245 (1822). Type : Bay I [Lucky Bay, EofEsperance, Western Australia], January 1802, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3426 ( holo : BM; iso: K (2 sheets)). There are 2 subspecies. 1 Leaf lobes usually twisted; autumn-flowering (south coast) subsp. pteridifolia 1 : Leaf lobes not twisted; spring-flowering (north of Perth) subsp. vernalis Dryandra pteridifolia R. Br. subsp. pteridifolia Leaf lobes usually twisted. Perianth 36-39 mm long. Pistil 38-53 mm long; pollen presenter 4.5-5 mm long. Distribution. Occurs from the Gairdner River to Cape le Grand National Park and inland to Newdegate. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam, sometimes over clay or laterite, in kwongan. Flowering period. March-May. Dryandra pteridifolia subsp. vernalis A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subsp. pteridifolia lobis foliorum non vel parum contortis, praebitore pollinis longiore (8 mm longo) et florescentia vernali, differt. Typus\ Alexander Morrison National Park, Western Australia, 30°04'S, 115°31'E, 25 September 1994, A.S. George 17215 (holo: PERTH 04228782; iso : AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228790, 04228804). Leaf lobes not or little twisted. Perianth c. 39 mm long. Pistil 40-45 mm long; pollen presenter c. 8 mm long. Selected collections examined. Marchagee Track, E.A. Griffin 3475 (PERTH); Bundarra Nature Reserve, S of Dandaragan, E.A. Griffin 5425 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Eneabba and Mogumber. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over gravel in low kwongan. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The Latin epithet vernalis (of springtime) refers to the flowering time of the subspecies; subsp. pteridifolia flowers in autumn. 372 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Dryandra fililoba A S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. nervosam R. Br. arete affinis, a qua lobis inferis foliorum filiformibus et tloribus longioribus (perianthio 50-53 mm longo limbo 15-18 mm longo, pistillo 49-52 mm longo), praecipue differt. Typus: 29 km W of Lake Grace, Western Australia, 33°07'S 1 18°10'E, 30 July 1986, A. S. George 16709 (holo: PERTH 04110366; iso: CANB, NSW, PERTH 041 10374, 04110382). Tangled shrub to 1 m, without lignotuber. Stems tomentose and hirsute. Leaves deeply pinnatipartite; lamina 15-30 cm long, 7-14 cm wide; lobes 10-17 each side at 70°-90°, linear, acute, pungent; margins recurved to revolute; petiole 5-15 cm long; several to many small leaves 5-15 cm long with filiform lobes subtending inflorescence. Inflorescence terminal, surrounded by leaves; involucral bracts ovate to oblong, obtuse, rusty-silky-villous and densely ciliate, the innermost bracts 25-42 mm long; flowers 55-80 per head. Perianth 50-53 mm long, densely curled-villous above base, then curled-tomentose, the limb silky with long apical tuft; limb 15-18 mm long, acute. Pistil 49-52 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter narrowed, ribbed, 12-15 mm long. Follicles obovate, somewhat oblique across upper margin, 17 mm long, somewhat villous but hairs wearing off. Selected collections examined. 1.5 km E of Dudinin, K. Alcock 484 (PERTH); E of Harrismith, R.J. Hnatiuk 780023 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from south of Lake Dumbleyung to Lake Grace and north to Harrismith. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over gravel or in gravel, in kwongan, occasionally in Eucalyptus wandoo woodland. Flowering period. Mainly May-July. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Named from the Latin filum ( a thread) and lobus (a lobe), in reference to the fine lower lobes of the leaves. Discussion. May usually be distinguished by the bushy, non-lignotuberous habit, leaves with many fine lower lobes and large flowers with very long perianth limb. Larger leaf lobes generally fewer and flatter than those of D. pteridifolia\ stem below inflorescence usually longer, up to 5 cm. Dryandra nervosa R. Br., in Sweet, FI. Australasica t. 22 (1827). Type: raised at the nursery of Mr Mackay at Clapton, England, from seed collected probably near King George Sound by W. Baxter- neo (here nominated): BM. Typification. There is one specimen on a sheet at BM with these details but not annotated by Brown. It agrees with the protologue. Dryandra blechnifolia R. Br, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 215 (1810) - Josephia blechnifolia (R. Br.) Poir., Diet. Sci. Nat. 24: 246 ( 1 822) - Dryandra pteridifolia var. blechnifolia (R. Br.) R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 38 (1830). Type: near King George Sound, [Western Australia], September 1791, A. Menzies ( lecto (here chosen): BM; isolecto: BM, K). A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 373 Typification. There are two sheets at BM with specimens of this species collected by Menzies. The specimens are in leaf only. The lectotype is specimen ‘a’ on a sheet annotated by Brown. Dryandra porrecta A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. blechnifoliam R. Br. affinis, a qua omnino ininore: lamina foliorum 15-30 cm longa, 2-3 cm lata; bracteae involucrales ad 25 mm longae; flores 20-30 per capitulum; perianthium et pistillum 37-40 mm longum. Typus: Bibiking Reserve, ENE of Woodanilling, Western Australia, c. 33°32'S, 117°44'E, 26 July 1986, A.S. George 16629 (halo: PERTH 04228847; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228855). A sprawling shrub to 3 m across. Stems prostrate, underground, tomentose; prophylls imbricate on leafy branchlets, sparse elsewhere. Leaves immediately below but not surrounding flowers, pinnatipartite, 1 5-30 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; margins slightly recurved; lobes 30-40 each side, narrowly triangular, acute, somewhat twisted at base, to 16 mm long, tomentose and with evident nerves below; petiole 2-3.5 cm long, tomentose. Inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts ovate to oblong, obtuse, to 25 mm long, rusty-villous outside; flowers 20-30 per head. Perianth 37-40 mm long, curled- tomentose above base, pubescent above; limb 9-10 mm long, appressed-hirsute. Pistil straight or gently curved, 37-40 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter narrow, 5-6 mm long, ribbed. Follicles 1 or 2, obovate, 11-15 mm long, almost glabrous, striate, shining. Selected collections examined. SSE of Pingrup, K. Alcock 341 (PERTH); Mt Barker, Dec. 1898, R. Helms (PERTH); N of Kojonup, K. Newbey 3054 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs at scattered localities between Woodanilling, Ongerup and Mount Barker and a short distance westward. Habitat. Grows on sandy and sandy loam flats in low kwongan, often with Cyperaceae, Restionaceae and mallee eucalypts, occasionally in open woodland. Flowering period. July. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Named from the Latin porrectus (from porrigo, to spread out, extend), in reference to the habit. Discussion. Closely related to D. blechnifolia but smaller in all parts and with fewer flowers per head. Also related to D. calophylla but has more numerous, narrower, often twisted leaf lobes, larger involucral bracts and a much shorter perianth limb and pollen presenter. Dryandra aurantia A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. porrectam A.S. George affinis, a qua foliorum lobis paucioribus ( 1 8-28 in quoque margine), floribus per capitulum c. 80, perianthio aurantio, et pistillo breviore (33-36 mm longo) praecipue differt. Ab D. blechnifolia R. Br. foliis angustioris (2.5-4. 5 cm lads), floribus aurandis et florescentia autumnali praecipue differt. 374 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Typus : Little Darkin Swamp, Western Australia, 32°03'17"S, 116°31'39"E, 26 April 1994, A.S. George 17206 & M. Pieroni ( holo : PERTH 04228510; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228529, 04228537, 04228545). Stems underground, rusty-villous, with triangular to ovate villous bracts. Leaves deeply pinnatipartite, acute, mucronate; lamina 12-25 cm long, 2.5-4.S cm wide, decurrent almost to base; lobes 18-28 each side, linear, tapering, acute, straight to curved, at c. 90°, rusty-villous, glabrescent except pits in lower surface; reticulation prominent below. Inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, red-rusty villous, the longest ones 20-23 mm long; receptacle flat; flowers c. 80 per head. Perianth 34-37 mm long, rusty curled-villous above base, the claws curled-tomentose, pale orange-pink; limb 8-10 mm long, tomentose with straight hairs and an apical rusty tuft. Pistil 33-36 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter narrowed, ribbed, 5-8 mm long. Follicles broadly obovate, 15-16 mm long, 10-14 mm wide, sparsely hairy on margin, striate, somewhat shining. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Habitat. Grows in deep white sand in low kwongan with scattered Hakea prostrata and Banksia attenuata. Flowering period. April. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. There are 20-30 plants at the type locality. Etymology. Named from the Latin aurantius (orange-coloured with a reddish tinge), in reference to the perianth. Discussion. Distinguished by the underground stems with pale brown bracts, broadly triangular leaf lobes (smaller than in D. blechnifolia ) and small flowers. Receptacle gently convex. Floral bracts appear to be few. Close to D. porrecta but differs in the more numerous flowers per head, the orange perianth that is very woolly above the base and the autumn flowering period. Dryandra lepidorhiza A S. George, sp. nov. Species bene distincta. Frutex cum lignotubero. Caules subterranei, bracteis ovatis obtusis villosis vestiti. Folia pinnatipartita, lobis in quoque margine 15-25 linearibus pungentibus marginibus revolutis; lamina 15-30 cm longa, 2-7 cm lata, primum rufo-villosa, supra glabrescens. Inflorescentia terminalis, primum foliis non circumnexa; bracteae involucrales lanceolatae, acutae, villosae, interiores 9-10 mm longae; flores 25-30 per capitulum. Perianthium rectum, 32-34 mm longum, supra basin villosum, deinde pubescens; limbus 10 mm longus, hirsutus. Pistillum 31-33 mm longum, glabrum; praebitor pollinis angustus, costatus, 6 mm longus. Folliculi late obovati, 10-15 mm longi, glabri. Typus : Reserve 15801 , W of Woodanilling, Western Australia, 33°35'S, 1 17°22'E, 4 November 1986, A.S. George 16879 (holo: PERTH 03322777; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03222785). Shrub with underground prostrate stems, to 1.5 m diam., with lignotuber. Stems covered with ovate, obtuse villous bracts 4-6 mm long. Leaves pinnatipartite, dull green; lamina 15-30 cm long, A.S. George, New taxaandanew infrageneric classification in Dryandra 375 2-7 cm wide; lobes 15-25 each side, linear, acute, pungent, 2-3 mm wide, rusty-tomentose below; margins revolute; petiole 3-4 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, at first not subtended by leaves; involucral bracts narrowly lanceolate, acute, rusty-villous, glabrous inside, the innermost ones 9-10 mm long; flowers 25-30 per head. Perianth 32-34 mm long, villous above base, the claws pubescent, dull red-pink, almost white at base; limb 10 mm long, hirsute, the apical hairs longer. Pistil 31-33 mm long, glabrous, cream at base, dull yellow above; pollen presenter narrow, 6 mm long, ribbed. Follicles broadly obovate, 10-15 mm long, glabrous, moderately shining. Selected collection examined. W of Woodanilling, K. Newbey 2111 (PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to the type locality. At PERTH there is a 1963 collection by K. Newbey, no. 916, from the ‘Ongerup area’ but this may not be correct since his field book gives ’10 miles NW of Cranbrook’ as the locality. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over laterite, in low kwongan. Flowering period. October-November. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. The population is at the edge of a small reserve but next to a gravel pit. Etymology. Epithet from the Greek lepis (a scale) and rhiz.a (a root), in reference to the stems being covered in scale-like ‘bracts’. Discussion. New growth rusty-red. Flowers ± scentless. A distinctive species characterized by the underground stems covered with bracts, the narrowly lobed pinnatisect leaves, the heads with a short involucre. Probably related to D. calophylla which also has underground stems but has triangular- lobed leaves, few bracts on the stems and dull yellow flowers. Ser. 15 Ionthocarpae Dryandra ser. Ionthocarpae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices recti ramosissimi sine lignotubero. Folia pinnatifida. Inflorescentiae terminales, arctae successivae. Perianthium rectum, limbo longo. Pistillum ante anthesin valde curvatum, demum recurvum, perianthio longius; praebitor pollinis elongatus, costatus. Flores mox cadentes. Folliculi obovoidei, caespite prominenti terminali pilorum ferrugineorum. Typus : D. ionthocarpa A.S. George Small erect bushy shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves pinnatifid. Inflorescences terminal, crowded. Perianth straight; limb large. Pistil curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter elongate, ribbed. Faded flowers soon falling. Follicles obovoid, with a prominent terminal tuft of long, rusty hairs, usually remaining closed until burnt. Seed obovate, without wing. A monotypic series confined to one population north of Albany. Flowers similar to ser. Triangulares but the fruit is distinctive. 376 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Etymology. Named for the type (and only) species of the series. Dryandra ionthocarpa A S. George, sp. nov. Frutex ad 60 cm latus. Caules prostrati, villosi, prophyllis inultis linearibus tomentosis. Folia 8-25 cm longa, 5-20 mm lata, lobis 15-35 in quoque margine, triangularibus, obtusis, marginibus planis. Inflorescentiae terminales, confertae; bracteae involucrales lineares-subulatae, interiores lanceolatae, ad 2 cm longae, tomentosae; flores 40-60 per capitulum. Perianthium 39-43 mm longum, lilacino-salmoneum, ad basin crispo-tomentosum, supra pubescens, limbo 7-8 mm longo, flavo, appresso-puberulo. Pistillum 43-44(57) mm longum, in dimidio infero pilosum, supra glabrum; praebitor pollinis 3.5-4. 8 mm longus. Folliculi 5-6 mm longi. Typus: near Kamballup, Western Australia, 34°34'S 1 17°59'E, 1 1 October 1988, P. Luscombe ( holo : PERTH 03462099; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03462102). Shrub to 60 cm wide. Stems prostrate, short, ± underground, villous; prophylls many, linear, tomentose. Leaves pinnatifid, 8-25 cm long, 5-20 mm wide; margins flat; lobes 15-35 each side, triangular, obtuse, ± flat, rusty-villous when young, later glabrous except pits; petiole 4-6 cm long, ± glabrous. Infloresence terminal, subtended by leaves, closely successive; involucral bracts linear- subulate, the inner ones narrowly lanceolate, to 2 cm long, dark rusty-tomentose; flowers 40-60. Perianth 39-43 mm long, curled-tomentose in lower third, pubescent above, pink-mauve with yellow limb; limb 7-8 mm long, keeled, appressed-puberulous. Pistil 43-44(57) mm long, curved, pilose in lower half, cream; pollen presenter 3. 5-4. 8 mm long, ribbed, green. Follicles ± obovate, 5-6 mm long, with an apical tuft of long rusty hairs, glabrous below. Selected collections examined. W of Kamballup, M. McDonald 1551-60 (PERTH); Kamballup, 20 September 1988, M. Pieroni (PERTH). Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Habitat. Grows in spongolitic gravel in low kwongan. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Declared Rare. There are c. 200 plants at the type locality. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the Greek ionthas (shaggy) and carpos (a fruit), in reference to the prominent tuft of hairs on the follicle. Discussion. This very distinctive, rare species was discovered by Peter Luscombe in 1987. It is easily recognized by the fruit and is unusual in having floral bracts that do not elongate as the fruit develop. The robust pistils are prominently bowed before anthesis, then recurved very strongly afterwards. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 377 Ser. 16 Inusitatae Dryandra ser. Inusitatae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices ramosissimi sine lignotubero. Folia pinnatifida, magna. Inflorescentia ad apice caulis conferta; bracteae involucrales flores excedentes, ± papyraceae, arachnoideae. Perianthium rectum limbo recto. Pistillum rectum, perianthio breviore; praebitor pollinis elongatus, angustus. Flores veteres ?persistentes. Folliculi obovati, glabri, leniter affixi. Typus : D. idiogenes A.S. George Small bushy shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves large, pinnatifid. Inflorescences crowded at stem apex; involucra! bracts exceeding flowers, ± papery, with cobwebby indumentum. Perianth straight including limb. Pistil straight, shorter than perianth; pollen presenter elongated, not thickened. Old flowers ?persistent. Follicles obovate, glabrous, easily detached. Seed winged. Monotypic, restricted to the Newdegate area. The involucral bracts are unusual in their texture and indumentum. Foliage similar to that of series Triangulares and Ionthocarpae, flowers similar to those of series Gymnocephalae. Etymology. Named from the Latin inusitatus (rare, unusual), the only species of the series being of restricted occurrence and having some unusual morphological characteristics. Dryandra idiogenes A.S. George, sp. nov. Frutex ad 70 cm altus. Caules hirsuti, prophyllis tenuibus tecti. Folia 15-37 cm longa, 12-38 mm lata, lobis 20-35 in quoque latera, triangularibus acutis, marginibus planis, illis ad basin folii recurvis. Inflorescentiae terminales, confertae; bracteae involucrales Iineares ad lanceolatae, acutae, ad 45 mm longae, exteriores fere glabrae, interiores in costa pubescentes, marginibus superis arachnoideis; flores c. 80 per capitulum. Perianthium 36-44 mm longum limbo 10-11 mm, ad basin album, supra rubra, tomentosum praeter limbum glabrum. Pistillum 35-39 mm longum, ad basin hirsutum, supra glabrum; praebitor pollinis 6-7 mm longus. Folliculi 12-13 mm longi, glabri. Typus: South Burngup Rd, SW of Newdegate, Western Australia, 33° 1 2'S, 1 18°49'E, 30 August 1986, A.S. George 16713 ( holo : PERTH 04225813; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04225821, 04225848). Tufted shrub to 70 cm diam. without lignotuber. Stems hirsute, covered with thin brown prophylls to 3 cm long. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, acute or truncate; lamina 15-37 cm long, 12-38 mm wide, tomentose in pits below; margins flat or slightly recurved; lobes 20-25 each side, triangular, to 19 mm long, acute, smaller and ± recurved towards base, prominently nerved and reticulate below; petiole to 9 cm long. Inflorescences terminal, closely successive; involucral bracts linear to narrowly lanceolate, acute, to 45 mm long, the outer ones almost glabrous, inner ones rusty-pubescent along midrib with the upper margins cobwebby; flowers c. 80 per head. Perianth 36-44 mm long, white in lower 1/2, deep red above, curled-tomentose above base, appressed-tomentose above, the limb glabrous except long apical hairs; limb 10-11 mm long. Pistil straight, 35-39 mm long, hirsute at base, glabrous above; pollen presenter 6-7 mm long, not thickened. Follicles several, obovate, unequally constricted towards base, 12-13 mm long, glabrous. 378 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Selected collection examined. South Burngup Rd, SW of Newdegate, A.S. George 16732 (AD, CANB, PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to a small area south-west of Newdegate. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over gravel in kwongan and mallee kwongan. Flowering period. August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. The populations appear to be small. One is in a nature reserve. Etymology. The species is named from the Greek idiogenes (distinctive, peculiar), in reference to the unusual features, especially the papery involucral bracts with cobwebby indumentum and the striking red and white flowers. Discussion. A distinctive species with striking red and white flowers surrounded by papery involucral bracts that are cobwebby on the upper margins. The flowers are strongly scented. Ser. 17 Subulatae Dryandra ser. Subulatae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices parvae sine lignotubero. Folia linearia, integra. Inflorescentia terminalia in ramulo brevi ad basin fruticis, foliis parvis rigidis subulatis scabridis subtenta; bracteae involucrales floribus breviores. Perianthium rectum. Pistillum rectum, perianthio parum brevius; praebitor pollinis vix incrassatus. Flores veteres persistentes. Folliculi orbiculares. Typus: D. subulata C.A. Gardner Small shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves linear, entire. Inflorescence terminal on short branchlet arising immediately below that of previous season, surrounded by small rigid scabrid subulate leaves passing into involucre; involucral bracts shorter than flowers. Perianth straight, including limb. Pistil straight, slightly shorter than perianth; pollen presenter scarcely thickened. Old flowers persistent. Follicles orbicular with basal notch, usually remaining closed until burnt. Monotypic, in the kwongan north of Perth. The linear, entire leaves, subulate floral leaves and orbicular follicles are distinctive. The flowers have a similar form to those of ser. Gymnocephalae, i.e. they are straight, and apart from some loose, caducous hairs on the limb apex, are clearly distinct from each other just before anthesis. Etymology. Named after the type (and only) species in the series. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 379 Ser. 18 Gymnocephalae Dryandra ser. Gymnocephalae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 565, 579 (1870). Type: D. shuttleworthiana Meisn., lecto (here chosen). Dryandra § Haplophyllae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 479 (1856). Type: D. speciosa Meisn. Mostly erect or spreading shrubs, with or without lignotuber. Leaves linear, serrate, pinnatifid, pinnatisect or in 1 species entire. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, sometimes on old stems; involucral bracts shorter or longer than flowers, usually narrow and very hairy. Perianth straight including limb, not relaxed at anthesis. Pistil straight, shorter than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, smooth or ribbed. Old flowers persistent or soon falling. Follicles obovate-oblong or semi-elliptic, sometimes oblique, usually hairy, usually remaining closed until burnt. Seed body basal with markedly narrowed base; wing with or without notch. A series of 8 species, mostly in the kwongan between Eneabba and Lake King. Just before anthesis the flowers are spaced rather openly in the head. The perianth is quite rigid and at anthesis does not relax, the limb remaining loosely around the pollen presenter. Typification. Bentham included three species in this series, of which one (D. tridentata) is here placed in ser. Acrodontae Meisn., the two other retained here. Of these, D. shuttleworthiana is considered to be more appropriate as lectotype since it has no floral leaves as described in the diagnosis, whereas D speciosa usually has some. Dryandra erythrocephala C.A. Gardner, J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 13: 63, fig. 35 A-H (1927). Type: E of Pingrup and S of Newdegate, Western Australia, 15 December 1926, C.A. Gardner s.n. (iso: MEL, PERTH (3 sheets)). There are two varieties. 1 Perianth 32-40 mm long, red-black in upper third var. erythrocephala 1 : Perianth 26-28 mm long, yellow in upper third var. inopinata Dryandra erythrocephala C.A. Gardner var. erythrocephala Perianth 32-40 mm long, red-black in upper third. Pistil 31-36 mm long. Distribution. As for the species. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam over laterite, in open mallee kwongan. Flowering period. Mainly January-June. Dryandra erythrocephala var. inopinata A S. George, var. nov. Ab Dryandra erythrocephala var. erythrocephala perianthio 26-28 mm longo, ad apicem flavo, et pistillo 25-27 mm longo, differt. 380 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Typus: Hopkins Reserve, SE of Kulin, Western Australia, 32°44'S, 118°17'E, 1 August 1986, A.S. George 16743 (holo: PERTH 04228758; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Perianth 26-28 mm long, yellow in upper third. Pistil 25-27 mm long. Selected collections examined. North Kukerin-Tarin Rock Rd, 10 km SE of intersection with Muller and Springhurst/Boundary and unnamed road, K. Alcock 345 (MEL); S of Nyabing, c. 33° 37’S, 118° 10'E, A.S. George 16697 (PERTH). Distribution. Recorded near Kulin and Nyabing. Habitat. Grows in sand over laterite in kwongan. Flowering period. Late flowers have been recorded in August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Because of its similarity to var. erythrocephala, this has been little collected, hence distributional data are few. Etymology. Named from the Latin inopinatus (unexpected), in reference to the flower colour which is quite unlike that of var. erythrocephala. Discussion. Although readily separable from typical D. erythrocephala by the smaller, yellow flowers, this has exactly its habit, foliage and indumentum and hence is retained in that species. Dryandra viscida A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab speciebus aliis ser. Gymnocephalae bracteis involucralibus, basi perianthii et folliculis viscidis, praecipue differt. Typus : Hatter Hill, Western Australia, 32°50'S, 119°59'E, 30 July 1969, A.S. George 9446 (holo: PERTH 03262316; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03262324, 03262332). Dense, rounded shrub to 1 m, without lignotuber. Stems hirsute, densely leaved and with many prophylls. Leaves linear, pinnatifid, acute, pungent, 15-35 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, rusty-tomentose in pits below; margins revolute, with 25-75 triangular pungent lobes to 4 mm long each side; petiole to 5 mm long. Inflorescences terminal, closely successive; involucral bracts linear, acuminate, rather soft, to 6 cm long, the outer viscid-hirsute, inner hirsute on upper margin; flowers c. 55 per head. Perianth 55-56 mm long, hirsute above base, then glabrous except for coarse hairs on limb until anthesis, golden yellow; limb 14-15 mm long. Pistil straight or gently bowed, 54-55 mm long, sparsely hirsute above ovary, glabrous above, yellow; pollen presenter gradually narrowed, c. 10 mm long, obscurely ribbed. Follicles several, ± oblong with narrowed base, 15-16 mm long, sparsely hairy, viscid. Selected collections examined. South Ironcap, J.S. Beard 3735 (PERTH); W of Digger Rocks, c. 25 km E of Varley, S.D. Hopper 5300 (PERTH). Distribution. Restricted to Digger Rocks, Middle and South Ironcap and Hatter Hill. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 381 Habitat. Grows in laterite in thick scrub. Flowering period. August-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The epithet, from the Latin viscidus (sticky), refers to the involucral bracts, the sticky nature being unusual in the genus. Discussion. A distinctive species with viscid involucral and floral bracts and perianth bases, the follicles large and also somewhat viscid. Tepals very slender with long limb. Pollen presenter not clearly demarcated at base. Dryandra speciosa Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 479 (1856) - Josephia speciosa (Meisn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type: south-western Western Australia, 184-, J. Drummond 5, suppl.: 19 (iso: BM, CGE, K (3 sheets), MEL, NSW (2 sheets), PERTH). There are 2 subspecies, one occurring from Tathra National Park south to Badgingarra, the other around Tammin. 1 Flowers 85-1 15 per head; follicles 18-21 mm long (Tammin) subsp. speciosa 1: Flowers 65-75 per head; follicles 24-25 mm long (Tathra-Badgingarra) ... subsp. macrocarpa Dryandra speciosa Meisn. subsp. speciosa Flowers 85-1 15 per head. Follicles 18-21 mm long. Distribution. Occurs near Tammin. Habitat. Grows in sand in kwongan. Flowering period. July- August. Dryandra speciosa subsp. macrocarpa A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subsp. speciosa capitulis 65-75-floribus et folliculis 24-25 mm longis differt. Typus: N of Coorow-Greenhead Rd on Willis Rd, Western Australia, 30°00'S, 1 15°32'E, 5 August 1986, A.S. George 16784 (holo: PERTH 04228480; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Flowers 65-75 per head. Follicles 24-25 mm long. Selected collections examined. Tathra National Park, J. Coleby-Williams 292 (PERTH); 21 km E of Eneabba on road to Three Springs, R.J. Hnatiuk 780133 (PERTH); NW of Dinner Hill, 26 June 1965 A. Popplewell (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from Tathra National Park to Badgingarra. 382 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Habitat. Grows in sandy loam in kwongan. Flowering period. July-August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Four. Etymology. Epithet from the Greek macros (large) and carpos (a fruit), the follicles being larger than those of subsp. speciosa. Discussion. This subspecies has the same colour varation as subsp. speciosa, from pale gold through pink to red. Ser. 19 Plumosae Dryandra ser. Plumosae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices sine lignotubero. Folia pinnatipartita, multilobata. Inflorescentiae axillares, plerumque celatae, inconspicuae; bracteae involucrales tenues, hirsutae vel villosae. Perianthium et pistillum breve, plerumque decurvum. Typus: D. plurnosa R. Br. Shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves pinnatipartite with 20-60 lobes each side. Inflorescence axillary, sessile or on short branchlet, usually below current season’s foliage and hidden; involucral bracts fine, about as long as or shorter than flowers, long-hirsute or villous with hairs up to 5 mm long. Perianth short, usually curved, the limb turned downwards before anthesis. Pistil curved downwards; pollen presenter not or slightly thickened, ribbed. Old flowers ?falling. Follicles obliquely ovoid, hairy or almost glabrous, firmly attached. Seed obovate; wing not decurrent, not notched. A series of three species in the Stirling Range-Fitzgerald River region. Etymology. Named for the type species of the series. Dryandra plumosaR.Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London \0: 2\4 (\8\0) - Josephia plurnosa (R. Br.)Poir., Diet. Sci. Nat. 24: 247 (1822). Type: Lucky Bay, [E of Esperance, Western Australia], January 1802, R. Brown Iter Australiense 3421 (iso: BM (2 sheets), K (2 sheets), MEL). There are two subspecies. 1 Leaves pinnatifid to pinnatipartite; lobe margins (at least the lower margin) concave, prominently recurved; lamina relatively thick subsp. plurnosa 1 : Leaves almost pinnatisect; lobe margins gently convex, slightly recurved; lamina relatively thin subsp. denticulata A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 383 Dryandra plumosa R. Br. subsp. plumosa Leaves pinnatifid to pinnatipartite; lobe margins (at least the lower margin) concave, prominently recurved; lamina relatively thick. Follicles 11-15 mm long, 14-15 mm wide. Distribution. Occurs from Cape Riche to West Mt Barren and inland to Chillinup and, according to the type, at Lucky Bay but not recorded there again. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam or clay-loam over gravel and gravelly loam, in kwongan, often also with mallees. Flowering period. Flowers recorded in most months. Dryandra plumosa R. Br. subsp. denticulata A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab D. plumosa R. Br. subsp. plumosa foliis fere pinnatisectis, lobis fere acutis, marginibus plerumque sinubus late U-formibus, parum recurvis, illis inflorescentiam subtentis minimis denticulatis, et folliculis obovatis 10-12 mm longis 7-8 mm latis, differt. Typus: NW slope of Bluff Knoll, Western Australia, 12 December 1982, K.H. Rechinger 60427 (halo: PERTH 01799142). Leaves thinner in texture than subsp. plumosa , almost pinnatisect; lobes almost acute; margins usually gently convex, slightly recurved; leaves subtending inflorescence very small, denticulate. Follicles obovate, 10-12 mm long, 7-8 mm wide. Selected collections examined. Base of Coyanarup, Stirling Range, December 1933, H. Steedman (PERTH); Kojaneerup Spring, Stirling Range, G.J. Keighery 4921 (PERTH). Distribution. Endemic in the Stirling Range National Park. Habitat. Grows in rocky or gravelly sand, in Jarrah-Marri woodland, and in lower montane shrubland. Flowering period. December. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Four collections are known, one of which has a collector’s name but no other details. Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin denticulatus (having small teeth), in reference to the minutely denticulate outer involucral bracts. Discussion. Outermost involucral bracts usually minutely denticulate. Dryandra pseudoplumosa A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. plumosam R. Br. affinis, a qua bracteis involucralibus brevioribus (ad 20 mm longis) crassioribus non filiformibus, floribus per capitulum numerosioris (c. 90-100), et folliculis majoribus (17-18 mm longis), praecipue differt. 384 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Typus : 17 km E of Red Gum Pass turnoff on Salt River Rd, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia, 25 November 1986, M. Pieroni 26 ( holo : PERTH 04225856; iso: CANB, NSW, PERTH 04225864). Shrub to 1.8 m, without Iignotuber. Stems villous. Leaves broadly linear, pinnatipartite; lamina 8-17 cm long, 6-15 mm wide; margins revolute; lobes 15-31 per side, triangular, acute, pungent, the lower edge concave, upper edge convex; petiole 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence sessile, axillary, subtended by small ‘involucral’ leaves; involucral bracts broadly linear, tapering, acute, the longest to 20 mm long, villous, the outermost denticulate; flowers c. 90-100 per head. Perianth 16-18 mm long, villous-hirsute; limb c. 3 mm long, sparsely pubescent and with terminal, long, twisted caducous hairs. Pistil 23-25 mm long, strongly incurved, glabrous except for long hairs on ovary; pollen presenter narrowly ellipsoidal, ribbed, 1-1.1 mm long, brown. Follicles 1-3 per head, broadly oblong- ovate, gently curved, 17-18 mm long, densely tomentose. Selected collections examined. Between Yetemerup and Warrungup, 15 Oct. 1902, A. Morrison (PERTH); Red Gum Pass, Stirling Range, 7 October 1900, A. Morrison (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs in the Stirling Range National Park and south-east of Ongerup. Habitat. Grows in sandy gravel in open mallee shrubland and Jarrah-Marri woodland. Flowering period. November-December. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The epithet is derived from the name of the nearest relative D. plumosa with the suffix pseudo- to indicate its close resemblance without being the same. Discussion. Differs from D. plumosa in having shorter, thicker involucral bracts without filiform tips, more flowers per head, the pistils bowed ± equally around head, and larger, densely tomentose follicles that are firmly attached. Dryandra montana C.A. Gardner ex A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. plumosa R. Br. et D. pseudoplumosa A.S. George foliis coriaceis pinnatisectis lobis tortis marginibus revolutis, et bracteis involucralibus obtusis vel acutis ad 15 mm longis, praecipue differt. Typus : Bluff Knoll, Stirling Range, Western Australia, 16 Jan. 1966, K. Newbey 2226 (holo: PERTH 03322726; iso: CANB). Shrub to 2.5 m, without Iignotuber. Stems rusty-villous. Leaves pinnatisect; lamina 8-25 cm long, 6- 1 1 mm wide, hirsute, glabrescent above, closely tomentose below but reticulum evident and midrib prominent; lobes 35-60 each side, obliquely triangular, slightly overlapping at base, strongly curved adaxially and twisted so that underside faces apex of leaf; margins revolute; petiole 10-30 mm long. Inflorescence sessile on branchlet 1 or 2 years old; involucral bracts linear to lanceolate, obtuse to acute, villous outside, glabrous inside, the innermost c. 15 mm long; flowers 50-60 per head. Perianth 17-19 mm long, villous grading to hirsute on claws, yellow; limb 3 mm long, closely pubescent and with a few long hairs towards apex. Pistil 18-21 mm long, gently bowed, glabrous except long hairs A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 385 at apex of ovary, pale yellow; pollen presenter scarcely thickened, ribbed, 0.8-1 mm long. Follicles obliquely obovoid, 9-1 1 mm long, sculptured, sparsely hairy, dark red-brown. Selected collection examined. Summit of Bluff Knoll, F. Lullfitz 3267 (PERTH). Distribution. Confined to the higher slopes of Bluff Knoll, Stirling Range National Park. Habitat. Grows in rocky soil in kwongan. Flowering period. January. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Declared Rare. Almost extinct in the wild. The only known population is infected with Phytophthora and may be eliminated within a few years. Etymology. Named from the Latin montanus (of mountains), in reference to the habitat. The epithet was chosen but not published by the late Charles Gardner, Government Botanist of Western Australia 1929-1960. Discussion. The twisted leaf lobes are distinctive. The leaves are much more coriaceous than those of D. plumosa and D. pseudoplumosa. Ser. 20 Concinnae Dryandra ser. Concinnae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 564, 570 (1870). Type : D. concinna R. Br. Dryandra § Serratae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 470 (1856). Type: D. serra R. Br., lecto (here chosen). Tall shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves serrate or pinnatifid. Inflorescences small, on short lateral branchlets or axillary; involucral bracts much shorter than flowers. Perianth curved upwards in 1 species, the limb inflexed in 1 and turned downwards in the third. Pistil longer than perianth, curved; pollen presenter short, ovoid, cylindrical or conical, smooth or obscurely ribbed. Old flowers ?falling. Follicles 1 or few, ovoid to elliptic or oblong, oblique. Seed with terminal wing. A series of 3 species near the south coast from Walpole to Albany and in the Stirling Range. Typification. Meisner included eleven species in his § Serratae but they are a heterogeneous group when characters other than foliage are considered. Two are here placed in ser. Dryandra , three in ser. Niveae, two in the new series Foliosae, one in the new series Tenuifoliae and the remaining three are retained in ser. Concinnae. Since Meisner’s diagnosis applies well to all three, D. serra is selected as lectotype as the species on which his name was probably based. 386 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Ser. 21 Obvallatae Dryandra ser. Obvallatae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 564, 576 (1870). Type: D. conferta Benth., lecto (here chosen) Erect shrubs, often columnar, without lignotuber. Leaves crowded, linear, pinnatifid, serrate or dentate. Inflorescence small, on short lateral branchlet or sessile, hidden or partly so within foliage. Perianth straight or downcurved, the limb prominently downcurved before anthesis. Pistil prominently downcurved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter small, not thickened. Old flowers ?falling or persistent. Follicles few, ovoid, obovoid, cuneate or transversely elliptic, hairy. Seed with terminal wing. A series of 5 species. Typification. Bentham included twelve heterogeneous species in this series; in this treatment these are distributed among eight series, mostly those named by Meisner. Two species included by him - D. seneciifolia and D. conferta - are retained, and the latter is selected as lectotype since its longer, more pungently-lobed leaves fit the description slightly better. Dryandra fasciculata A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. rufistylis A.S. George stylo flavo, praebitore pollinis rufo, perianthio longiore (18-22 mm longo) in dimidio inferiore sericeo-villoso, et folliculis obovatis, differt. Folia confertissima, dentata. Typus: 23 miles [c. 37 km] E of Harrismith, Western Australia, c. 32°57'S, 1 1 8° 1 l'E, 28 May 1969, A.S. George 9330 (holo: PERTH 04228626; iso: AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228634). Shrub to 1.5 m without lignotuber, columnar. Stems villous. Leaves crowded with overlapping petioles, linear, decurved, dentate or serrate, acute, pungent, 6-18 cm long, 7-10 mm wide, closely tomentose below; margins recurved; teeth 5-15 each side, to 4 mm long; petiole 1-4 cm long, rusty hirsute. Inflorescence sessile or on short branchlet; involucral bracts many, narrow, 25-33 mm long, rusty-villous; flowers 40-60 per head. Perianth ± straight with downturned limb, 18-22 mm long, curled-villous in lower half, silky above, creamy yellow; limb 2.5-3 mm long, sparsely hirsute. Pistil recurved, 23-31 mm long, glabrous except hirsute ovary, yellow; pollen presenter not thickened, 1.5 mm long, red. Follicles obovate, 6-9 mm long, hirsute. Selected collections examined. 31 km W of Lake Grace, A.S. George 16707A, B (CANB, PERTH); 2 km W of Corrigin, A.S. George 16750 (CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH), c. 13 km SE of Yealering, A.S. George 9403 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Corrigin and Kukerin. Habitat. Grows in gravel and sand over gravel, in mallee kwongan. Flowering period. Late May-August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 387 Etymology. The epithet, from the Latin fasciculatus (clustered, in bundles), refers to the crowded leaves and conflorescences. Discussion. Differs from D. rufistylis in the yellow style and red pollen presenter, the larger flowers, the silky-villous lower half of the perianth claws and the obovate follicles. The species may be recognized especially by the numerous, narrow involucral bracts, the crowded overlapping petioles, and the usually dentate leaves. Dryandra conferta Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 578 (1870) - Josephia conferta (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type : south-western Western Australia, 184-,./. Drummond 3: 295 ( lecto (here chosen): K; isolecto: BM, CGE, K, MEL, PERTH). Typification. There are four sheets of this collection at K, all annotated by Bentham. That selected as lectotype is the best specimen. The species is variable over its wide geographical range. Of all other collections assigned to the species, that which matches the type most closely is A.S. George 16754 collected between Quairading and Corrigin (PERTH). Widespread in inland south-western Western Australia from Miling and Cadoux to the Porongurup Range and east to Bodallir. and Mt Holland. Differs from other species of ser. Obvallatae in the larger, all-yellow flowers and obliquely obovoid fruit. There are 2 varieties. 1 Perianth 21-25 mm long; pistil 25-30 mm long; involucral bracts villous var. conferta 1: Perianth 15-18 mm long; pistil 16-26 mm long; involucral bracts velvety var. parva Dryandra conferta Benth. var. conferta Shrub to 2.5 m. Involucral bracts villous. Perianth 21-25 mm long. Pistil 25-30 mm long. Selected collections examined. 26 km SW of Bodallin, R. J. Cranfield 2315 (PERTH); c. 22 km SE of Nyabing, A.S. George 14289 (CANB, MEL, PERTH); 4 km E of Cadoux, A.S. George 1 6762 (AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH); 9 km SW of Lake Cronin, K. Newbey 5810 (MEL, PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from Miling and Cadoux south to Ongerup and east to Bodallin and Mt Holland. Habitat. Grows in lateritic loam and sandy loam in kwongan and low open-woodland. Flowering period. Late June-September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Four. Discussion. Flowers with mouse- or honey-like scent. A variable taxon. Typical var. conferta has linear leaf teeth and is of spreading habit. The more common form has broad teeth and is columnar. George 14289 has a somewhat cuneate follicle. Newbey 912 from near Neeralin Pool (PERTH) has narrow leaves mostly less than 9 mm wide. Miling, August 1972, Seymour (PERTH) has coarsely lobed leaves. 388 Nuytsia Vol. 10. No. 3 (1996) Dryandra conferta var. parva A.S. George, var. nov. Ab D. conferta Benth. var. conferta floribus minoribus, bracteis involucralibus velutinioribus, et folliculis obliquioribus (fere transversim obovatis), differt. Perianthium 15-18 mm longum. Pistillum 16-26 mm longum. Typus: South Fence Rd, 7 km NW of Albany-Lake Grace Rd, SE of Nyabing, Western Australia, c. 33°40'S, 1 18 o 18'E,30July 1986, AS. George 16694 (holo: PERTH 03462595; iso: CANB, PERTH 03462609). Perianth 15-18 mm long. Pistil 1-26 mm long. Selected collections examined. N end of Red Gum Pass, Stirling Range National Park, A.S. George 16655 (PERTH); S of Ongerup, M. Pieroni 33 (PERTH); E end, Porongurup Range, K. Newbey 3414 (CANB, NSW, PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from the Nyabing area to the western Stirling Range and south of Ongerup, with a record at the east end of the Porongurup Range. Habitat. Grows in gravelly clay, clay loam and sandy loam, in kwongan and tall shrubland. Flowering period. June-August. Consen’ation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The varietal epithet is from the Latin parvus (small) and refers to the flowers being smaller than those of var. conferta. Discussion. Differs from var. conferta in the smaller flowers, more velvety involucral bracts, and more oblique (almost transversely obovate) follicles. Although D. conferta is very variable, some southern populations appear to have consistently smaller Bowers. Dryandra columnaris A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. seneciifolia R. Br. habitu elatiore (ad 2 m alto), foliorum lobis brevioribus numerosioris (5-18 in quoque margine), bractearum involucralium pilis glandularibus, perianthii pilis crispis, et folliculis majoribus (10-12 mm longis), differt. Typus : Boyagin Nature Reserve, SW of Brookton, Western Australia, 29 May 1969, A. S. George 9354 (holo: PERTH 04228669; iso: CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228677). Illustration. R.M. Sainsbury, Field Guide Dryandra 87 (1985), as D. seneciifolia. Columnar shrub to 2 m, without lignotuber. Stems tomentose and hirsute. Leaves linear, pinnatifid, mucronate; lamina 5-15 cm long, 3-15 mm wide, white-tomentose below and with long sparse hairs on midrib, sparsely hirsute and pubescent above; margins revolute, with 5-18 triangular- falcate teeth each side to 8 mm long; petiole to 4 cm long, hirsute and tomentose. Inflorescence almost A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 389 sessile, surrounded by leaves; involucral bracts linear-subulate, to 2 cm long, glandular-pubescent, the lower margins hirsute; flowers 25-35 per head. Perianth curved downwards, 1 1-14 mm long (lower flowers), 16 mm long (upper flowers), pale yellow to purple with grey brown limb, villous with curled hairs above base, sparser above; limb 2-2.5 mm long, sparsely hirsute. Pistil curved up then down, 13-16 mm or 19-20 mm long, glabrous except ovary; pollen presenter 1 .2 mm long. Follicles 1 or 2, broadly obovate-cuneate, 10-12 mm long, pubescent. Selected collections examined. Dryandra, A.S. George 16623 (CBG, PERTH); Tutanning Nature Reserve, A.S. George 7786 (PERTH). Distribution. Localized in a few areas between Brookton and Narrogin. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil in low woodland and kwongan. Flowering period. May-June. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The epithet is Latin for columnar or column-like, in reference to the habit. Discussion. Seedling leaves are linear and entire. Differs from D. seneciifolia in the taller habit, in having shorter, more numerous leaf lobes, in the glandular hairs of the involucral bracts, the curled hairs of the perianth and the larger fruit. Dryandra platycarpa A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab speciebus aliis ser. Obvallatae foliis pinnatipartitis, bracteis involucralibus brevibus (ad 12 mm longis), floribus parvis (perianthio 13-16 mm longo) cremeis et brunneis, et folliculis transverse ovatis 11-13 mm latis, differt. Typus: junction of Coorow-Greenhead Rd and Tootbardi Rd, Alexander Morrison National Park, Western Australia, 30°04'S, 1 15°31'E, 5 August 1986. AS. George 16781 (holo: PERTH 04110404- iso: CANB, MEL, PERTH 041 10412). Shrub to 80 cm with 1-several columnar branches, without lignotuber. Stems villous and tomentose. Leaves broadly linear, pinnatipartite, spreading, acute to obtuse, pungent, 4-12 cm long, 6-17 mm wide, closely tomentose below; margins revolute; lobes 10-25 each side, subulate to triangular, to 8 mm long, pungent; petiole usually 2-6 mm long, villous, glabrescent. Inflorescence on short branchlet or sessile; involucral bracts many, linear, mostly to 12 mm long, silky-villous with white hairs; flowers 60-75 per head. Perianth straight to curved with downturned limb, 13-16 mm long, curled-tomentose in lower half, silky-villous above, cream; limb 2.5 mm long, pilose, gold or brown. Pistil recurved, 16-19 mm long, glabrous except silky ovary, cream; pollen presenter not thickened, 1 mm long, green or cream. Follicles transversely ovate, 9 mm long, 11-13 mm wide, sparsely pilose. Selected collections examined, c. 37 km NNE of Eneabba on First North Rd, A.S. George 16798 (CANB, PERTH); 10 km W of Mogumber township, A.S. George 7766 (CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH); Dinner Hill, Aug. 1962, F.W. Humphreys (PERTH); c. 16 km W of Winchester AC. Beauglehole 12090 (PERTH). 390 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Distribution. Occurs from north of Eneabba to Mogumber. Habitat. Grows in deep sand or gravelly sand in low or tall kwongan. Flowering period. May-July. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Epithet from the Greek platys (wide, flat) and carpos (a fruit), in reference to the follicles. Discussion. The only species of ser. Obvallatae in the kwongan north of Perth. May be recognized by the pinnatipartite leaves, short involucral bracts, small cream and brown flowers and broad follicles. Plants from the Mogumber area have broader leaf lobes than those further north. There is some variation in size of flowers. Dryandra ruflstylis A.S. George, sp. nov. Ad D. confertam Benth. affinis, a qua perianthio villoso, stylo rufo et folliculis parvis (7-9 mm longis), differt; ab D. seneciifolia R. Br. foliis serratis, perianthio cremeo-flavo et stylo rufo differt. Typus: c. 8 miles [c. 13 km] SW of Woodanilling, Western Australia, 33°37'S, 117°20'E, 3 August 1969, AS. George 9498 ( holo : PERTH 03262294; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 03262308). Shrub to 1.5 m, columnar, without lignotuber. Leaves linear, serrate, recurved, acute, pungent, 5-15 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, closely tomentose below; margins slightly recurved; teeth 5-10 each side, to 5 mm long; petiole to 15 mm long, hirsute. Inflorescence sessile; leaves passing into involucral bracts; bracts subulate, numerous, to 20 mm long, rusty-villous; flowers 35-40 per head. Perianth ± straight with limb downturned before anthesis, 14-18 mm long, woolly, creamy yellow with yellow or pink-brown limb; limb 2.5 mm long, sparsely hirsute. Pistil downcurved, 1 8-22 mm long, glabrous except hirsute ovary, red with green pollen presenter; pollen presenter not or slightly enlarged, c. 1 mm long, obscurely ribbed. Follicles ovoid with flattened apex, erect, 7-9 mm long, sparsely hirsute. Selected collections examined. 47 km N of Nyabing, A.S. George 16701 (PERTH); River Rd, NE of Woodanilling, A.S. George 16631 (CANB, MEL, PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from the Woodanilling district east to Nyabing and north towards Tarin Rock. Habitat. Grows in gravelly loam, in kwongan and euealypt low open woodland. Flowering period. July-August. Consen>ation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. Named from the Latin rufus (reddish) and stylus (style), the red style being a distinctive feature of the species. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 391 Discussion. The red style is distinctive. Distinguished from D. seneciifolia by the serrate leaves and different flower colours. Resembles D. conferta but differs especially in the woolly perianth, red style and small ovoid fruit, and D. columnaris from which it is separated by the serrate leaves. A population near Corrigin (A.S. George 16750) has slightly larger flowers (perianth 19-20 mm long, pistil 23-24 mm long), a cream style and more spreading leaf teeth than typical plants. It is placed tentatively with this species. Ser. 22 Pectinatae Dryandra ser. Pectinatae (Meisn.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra § Pectinatae Meisn. in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 475 (1856). Type : D. nana Meisn., lecto (here chosen). Dwarf shrubs with small lignotuber. Leaves deeply pinnatifid. Inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts much shorter than flowers. Perianth straight except limb reflexing before anthesis, flared widely at apex of basal tube. Pistil curved, much longer than perianth; pollen presenter markedly swollen, not ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles broadly obovate, sparsely hairy, usually remaining closed until burnt. Seed body basal; wing not decurrent, shortly notched. A monotypic series of the kwongan north of Perth, characterized by the very long pistil, clavate pollen presenter and perianth flaring widely above the basal tube. Typification. Meisner included six species in this series. As with most of his series, which are based only on the leaves, these are now considered heterogeneous and in this treatment are placed in five series, three in other previously named ones, the others in new ones described here. The description of the leaf lobes as linear, parallel, several times longer than wide, is slightly more fitting to D. nana and D.fraseri than to D. serratuloides, and D. nana is selected as Meisner placed it before D.fraseri in his arrangement. Ser. 23 Acuminatae Dryandra ser. Acuminatae A.S. George, ser. nov. Frutices prostrati cum lignotubere vel caulibus subterraneis. Folia pinnatipartita, interdum lobis etiam pinnatipartitis. Inflorescentia terminalis; receptaculum prominenter conicum; bracteae involucrales multae, lanceolatae, longe acuminatae. Perianthium rectum, sparsim hirsutum pilis patentibus viscidis; limbus antea anthesin intlexus. Pistillum incurvum; praebitor pollinis ad basin parum tumidus, costatus. Flores veteres persistentes. Folliculi pauci, valde affixi, oblique obovati. Typus : D. preissii Meisn. Prostrate shrubs , with lignotuber or underground stems. Leaves pinnatipartite, some lobes again pinnatipartite; margins revolute. Inflorescence terminal; receptacle prominently conical; involucral bracts many, lanceolate, long-acuminate. Perianth straight, sparsely hirsute with spreading sticky 392 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) hairs; limb inflexed before anthesis. Pistil incurved; pollen presenter slightly swollen at base, ribbed. Old flowers persistent. Follicles several, firmly attached, obliquely obovate. Seed wing ?terminal. A monotypic series, characterized by the bipinnatipartite leaves, many acuminate involucral bracts and sticky perianth hairs. Etymology. Series name from the Latin acuminatus (drawn to a fine point), in reference to the involucral bracts. Ser. 24 Niveae Dryandra ser. Niveae Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 564, 574 (1870). Type : D. nivea (Labill.) R. Br. Shrubs with prostrate or short, erect divaricately branched stems, with or without lignotuber. Leaves linear, pinnatifid, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect. Inflorescence terminal, sometimes subtended by new branchlets; involucral bracts shorter than flowers, flat; receptacle markedly convex; flowers arranged so that at anthesis the styles curve inwards leaving a prominent central hole; floral bracts linear, obtuse, variously hairy and with apical papillae or curled hairs. Perianth straight, the limb inflexed before anthesis. Pistil of outer flowers much longer than inner, strongly incurved. Old flowers persistent. Follicles obovate, sometimes markedly narrowed towards base, loosely attached. Seed with terminal wing. A closely knit series of 6 species widespread between Geraldton, Cape Leeuwin and Israelite Bay and inland to Corrigin. One of the most difficult series taxonomically: the floral and fruit morphology are remarkably uniform, species being separated largely on the basis of habit and leaf morphology. For many years the name D. nivea has been used in a broad sense for the whole group, but it has become evident that several taxa should be recognized. Recently the early names D. arctotidis R. Br., D. brownii Meisn., D. stenoprion Meisn. and D. tortifolia Meisn. have been brought back into use. Dryandra lindleyana Meisn. is now resurrected for a widespread, variable species in which five subspecies are recognized, and one new species is described. The series deserves a great deal more study. Dryandra cypholoba A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. lindleyana Meisn. lobis foliorum majoribus ad apicem arete recurvis differt. Lamina folii 12-20 cm longa, 8-20 mm lata, lobis 25-40 in quoque margine. Typus : junction of Coorow-Greenhead Rd and Tootbardi Rd, Western Australia, 30°04'S, 1 15°31'E, 5 August 1986, A.S. George 16777 ( holo : PERTH 04110641; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04110668). Shrub with short underground fire-tolerant stems. Leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes usually markedly recurved; lamina 12-20 cm long, 8-20 mm wide; lobes 25-40 each side, broadly triangular, obtuse to acute, the upper margin usually incurved to apex; petiole 1-4 cm long, pubescent, glabrescent. Inflorescence terminal, often subtended by hirsute dwarf leaf-bracts; involucral bracts narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acute, passing to broadly linear and obtuse, rusty-pubescent all over, green and orange-brown; flowers 55-60 per head. Perianth 27-37 mm long, shortly appressed-hirsute above A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 393 base, passing to appressed-pubescent claws, pale pinkish brown; limb 3^1 mm long, hirsute with shaggy apex. Pistil 41-47 mm long, lemon yellow; pollen presenter narrow, 1 .3-1.5 mm long. Follicles obovate, 13-16 mm long, glabrous except apical and marginal hairs. Selected collections examined. Corner of Beekeeper Rd and First North Rd, A.S. George 16796 (PERTH); 14 km W of Arrino on Richardson Rd, A.S. George 17010 (PERTH); 8 km W of Willis Rd on Eneabba-Carnamah Rd, E.A. Griffin 3494 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from west of Arrino south to Alexander Morrison National Park. Habitat. Grows in sand and gravelly loam, in kwongan with scattered Eucalyptus todtiana or in thick scrub. Flowering period. August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The epithet is from the Greek kyphos (bent, humped) and lobos (a lobe), the leaf lobes being prominently recurved and hump-like. Discussion. Differs from D. lindleyana especially in the leaves having large, coarse lobes that are usually recurved towards the apex giving the leaf a rolled appearance. The collection A.C. Beauglehole 12135 from c. 33 km W of Winchester (PERTH) has broad sinuses and fewer leaf lobes. Dryandra lindleyana Meisn., in J.G.C. Lehmann (ed.), PI. Preiss. 1: 598 (1845). Type : near ‘Pointwater’ [probably Point Walter], Swan River, Perth, [Western Australia], 17 July 1839, L. Preiss 511 (holo: NY, iso: BM, FI, G, MEL, P). Discussion. This species, which has fire-tolerant underground stems, includes taxa that for many years have been included within a broadly circumscribed D. nivea. The type of the latter is from near Esperance Bay and is non-lignotuberous. Dryandra lindleyana is a highly variable species with 5 subspecies here recognized (one with two varieties). 1 Leaf lobes oblong or linear (central and southern forests) subsp. sylvestris 1: Leaf lobes essentially triangular 2 Leaves divided almost or quite to midrib 3 Leaf lobes ± regularly triangular, although upper margin usually shorter than lower margin 4 Leaves 3-10 mm wide; lobes 30-60 each side of leaf (Mt Adams to Cape Naturaliste) subsp. lindleyana 4: Leaves 2-3 mm wide; lobes 60-80 each side of leaf (Watheroo National Park to Moora) subsp. pollosta 3: Leaf lobes with lower (basal) margin shallowly S-shaped or concave, the apex often slightly twisted so that lower margin is more recurved than upper (Arrowsmith River to Badgingarra) subsp. media 2: Leaves divided Vj to % to midrib (central wheatbelt) subsp. agricola 394 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Dryandra lindleyana Meisn. subsp. lindleyana Stems prostrate to erect, to 45 cm long. Leaf lamina 10-20 cm long, 3-10 mm wide; margins recurved to revolute; lobes 30-60 each side, triangular with the upper side shorter, obtuse; sinuses V-shaped, 2-5 mm across; petiole 1-3 cm long. Inflorescence subtended by normal leaves; involucral bracts to 15-23 mm long, glabrous to densely pubescent, densely ciliate; flowers 50-70 per head. Perianth 22-35 mm long. Pistil 24-53 mm long; pollen presenter scarcely thickened at base, 1-1.3 mm long. A very variable subspecies in habit and leaf form. Two varieties are recognized. 1 Plant with most stems procumbent, the aerial part less than 10 cm long var. lindleyana 1: Plant with aerial stems to 45 cm tall; Darling Plateau var. mellicula Dryandra lindleyana Meisn. subsp. lindleyana var. lindleyana - D. nivea var. subevenia Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 472 (1856). Type : locality not cited, south-western Western Australia, date not cited, L. Preiss 508 ( lecto (here chosen): NY). Typification. Of the four collections cited in the protologue, L. Preiss 508 and J. Drummond 1: 640 (BM, K. MEL) are D. lindleyana subsp. lindleyana var. lindleyana , J. Drummond 4:313 (BM, K (2 sheets), MEL) is D. nivea subsp. nivea, and J. Drummond 5: 419 (BM, K, MEL) is D. brownii. The Preiss collection is selected as the first listed by Meisner, and because most types of his other new taxa in Proteaceae are at NY; no specimen annotated by him has been found. Stems prostrate, mostly underground. Leaf lamina 10-20 cm long, 3-8 mm wide. Distribution. Occurs between Geraldton and Cape Naturaliste. Habitat. Grows in sand, often over limestone, sometimes over laterite in kwongan and low woodland, and on the Darling Scarp and Plateau in lateritic or granitic soil in shrubland and open forest. Flowering period. July-August. Discussion. Variable in leaf length and width and in the size of the lobes. A collection ‘between Moora and Jurien’, T.G. Hartley 13924 (PERTH) has a large inflorescence (involucral bracts to 30 mm long, perianth 35 mm, pistil 53 mm). Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana var. mellicula A S. George, var. nov. Ab D. lindleyana Meisn. var. lindleyana caulibus aereis ad 45 cm altis et foliorum lobis majoribus (lamina ad 10 mm lata) differt. Typus : Lower Chittering, Western Australia, 3 September 1994, A. S. George 17210 ( holo : PERTH 04228766; iso: CANB, K, NSW, PERTH 04228774). Stems usually erect, to 45 cm long. Leaf lamina 10-15 cm long, 5-10 mm wide. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 395 Selected collections examined. Barrington Quarry, H. Demarz 7487 (PERTH); Red Hill, Toodyay Rd, R.A. Saffrey 121 (PERTH); Helena Valley, J. Seabrook 75 (PERTH). Distribution. Common on the Darling Plateau and along the Darling Scarp east of Perth, extending south to Cape Naturaliste. Habitat. Grows in lateritic gravel in Jarrah-Marri forest, occasionally in sand in woodland. Flowering period. July-September. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. Epithet from the Latin melliculus (a little honey), the inflorescences of this group of dryandras being popularly referred to as ‘honeypots’ on account of their shape and nectar production. Discussion. Differs from var. lindleyana mainly in the erect stems and more coarsely lobed leaves; sometimes occurs close to var. lindleyana but flowers earlier. Dryandra lindleyana subsp. media A S. George, subsp. nov. Ad D. lindleyanam Meisn. subsp. lindleyanam affinis, a qua lobis foliorum grossioribus differt. Folii lamina 15-20 cm longa, 7-10 mm lata, lobis 25-40 in quoque margine Typus : 5.6 km S of Eneabba on Brand Hwy, Western Australia, 29°52'S, 1 1 5° 15'E, 6 August 1993, A.S. George 16808 (holo: PERTH 041 10625; iso: CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH 041 10633). Stems short, mostly underground. Leaves broadly linear, pinnatipartite; lamina 15-20 cm long, 7-10 mm wide; lobes 25-40 each side, broadly triangular, obtuse, the lower margin usually shallowly S-shaped with its apical part strongly recurved and thus appearing twisted; sinuses 3-10 mm across; petiole 1-3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts to 20-25 mm long, rusty; flowers 50-65 per head. Perianth 26-30 mm long, cream-pink. Pistil 35-40 mm long, cream at base, pink above; pollen presenter swollen at base, 1.3 mm long, green. Selected collections examined, c. 40 km W of Three Springs, C.A. Gardner 9142 (PERTH); 7 km S of Eneabba, E.A. Griffin 954 (PERTH); Brand Hwy, N of Arrowsmith River, E.A. Griffin 3500 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between the Arrowsmith River, Badgingarra and Mt Lesueur. Habitat. Grows in deep sand or sandstone-gravel in kwongan. Flowering period. August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Three. Etymology. The Latin epithet refers to the intermediate morphology of the subspecies. 396 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Discussion. This is similar to typical D. lindleyana but the leaf lobes are larger giving the plant a coarser aspect. There is a resemblance to D. cypholoba but that taxon has a very distinctive appearance from the strongly recurved character of the leaf lobes. Dryandra lindleyana subsp. pollosta A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis foliis tenuibus differt. Folii lamina 13-20 cm longa, 2-3 mm lata, lobis 60-80 in quoque margine. Typus: just W of cemetery, Moora, Western Australia, 30°38'S, 115°59'E, 9 August 1993, A.S. George 17002 ( holo : PERTH 04228642; iso: CANB, K, NSW). Stems mostly underground, forming clumps to 1 m across. Leaves pinnatipartite, ± flat; lamina 13-20 cm long, 2-3 mm wide; lobes 60-80 each side, obliquely triangular, obtuse, white-tomentose below; sinuses oblique, V-U-shaped, 1-3 mm across; petiole 1-4 cm long, tomentose, glabrescent. Inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts lanceolate (outer) to broadly linear and obtuse (inner), appressed-pubescent to glabrous except ciliate margins, the innermost 15-22 mm long; flowers 35-45 per head. Perianth 25 (inner) to 30 (outer) mm long. Pistil 32-37 mm long, pale maroon; pollen presenter slightly thickened, 1 mm long. Selected collections examined. Reserve 12276, between Dandaragan and Moora, E.A. Griffin 4881 (PERTH); Brand Hwy, N of Red Gully Rd, B.J. Keighery 243B (PERTH); Mortlock Flora Reserve, W of Wongan Hills, K.F. Kenneally 5371 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from Moore River National Park to Moora and Watheroo National Park, with a record west of Wongan Hills. Habitat. Grows in sand, in banksia woodland and open shrubland. Flowering period. August. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Two. Etymology. The varietal epithet is from the Greek pollostos (smallest, least), this having the smallest leaf lobes of any Dryandra. Discussion. Distinguished from other subspecies by the very fine leaves but grades into subsp. lindleyana. Dryandra lindleyana subsp. sylvestris A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis foliis brevioribus lobis paucioribus longioribus oblongis, praecipue differt. Lamina folii 6-16 cm longa, 10-20 mm lata; lobi 10-35 in quoque margine. Typus : E of Mayanup, SEof Boyup Brook, Western Australia, 22 September 1972, A. S. George 11621 0 holo : PERTH 04228952; iso: CANB). A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 397 Shrub with short underground fire-tolerant stems. Leaves broadly linear, almost pinnatisect; lamina 6- 16 cm long, 10-20 mm wide; lobes 10-35 each side, obliquely oblong to narrowly triangular, acute, pungent, the margins convex towards apex, almost flat; sinuses obliquely V-shaped to narrowly U-shaped; petiole 5-12 mm long. Inflorescence subtended by a few normal leaves; involucral bracts to 20-24 mm long; flowers 30-40 per head. Perianth 22-25 mm long. Pistil 30-37 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter slightly swollen at base, 1 mm long. Selected collections examined. Yornup, E.J. Croxford 4471 (PERTH); near North Bannister, K. Newbey 2465 (PERTH); Quindanning-Harvey road, S. Paust 952 (PERTH). Distribution. Widespread on the Darling Plateau of the lower South-West. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil in Jarrah-Marri forest. Flowering period. September-October. Conservation status. Not endangered. Etymology. The Latin sylvestris (of woods or forests) refers to the typical habitat of the subspecies. Discussion. Differs from the other subspecies mainly in the short leaves with fewer, longer, oblong lobes, and from D. brownii in the fire-tolerant habit and short leaves. Some collections have larger flowers, e.g. N Dinninup Reserve, E.M. Bennett 2037 and North Bannister, K. Newbey 2465 (both at PERTH), with the perianth 35 mm long and pistil 43 mm. Dryandra lindleyana subsp. agricola A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subspeciebus aliis foliis pinnatipartitis ad dimidium laminae divisis, glaucis, et folliculis minoribus (7-10 mm longis), differt. Flores flavi. Typus: near Jubuk, 60 km E of Brookton, Western Australia, 32°21'S, 1 17°45'E, 8 October 1994, A.S. George 17219 (holo: PERTH 04228456; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 04228464). Stems mostly underground, short. Leaves broadly linear, pinnatipartite, glaucous, densely hirsute when young; lamina 10-17 cm long, 8-13 mm wide, w'hite below; lobes 15-30 each side, ± triangular, ± flat; margins ± equally recurved to revolute; sinuses obliquely curved- V-shaped, 3-8 mm across; petiole 2-4 cm long. Inflorescence with subtending dwarf hirsute leaf-bracts; involucral bracts oblong to broadly linear, appressed-pubescent and densely ciliate, the innermost 1 8-20 mm long. Perianth c. 20 mm long, pale yellow. Pistil 33-35 mm long, pale yellow; pollen presenter not enlarged, 0.8 mm long. Selected collections examined. SSEofCorrigin.A.S. George 14363 (PERTH); between Jurakine Pool and Yenyenning Lake, NE of Brookton, R.J. Hnatiuk 791040 (PERTH); NE of Traysurin, K. Newbey 2487 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Corrigin and Traysurin in the central wheatbelt. Habitat. Grows in sandy loam in kwongan. 398 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Flowering period. September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. Only a few small populations are known. Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin ager (a field) and the suffix -cola (growing in), in reference to the occurrence in central agricultural region of the South-West. Discussion. The broad leaves divided c. half-way to midrib, always-yellow flowers and small fruit are distinctive. Dryandra nivea (Labill.) R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 214 (1810) - Banksia nivea Labill., Voy. 41 1, t. 24 (1800) - Josephia rachidifolia Knight, Cult. Prot. Ill (1809), nom. illeg. - D. nivea var. adscendens Endl., Gen. PI. 4(2): 89 (1848), nom illeg. - Josephia nivea (Labill.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891) - D. nivea var. venosa Meisn., in A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 472 (1856), nom. illeg. Type : le Grand Bay [Esperance Bay, Western Australia], 11-18 December 1792, J.J.H. de Labillardiere ( lecto (here chosen): FI). Rounded shrub to 1.3 m high and wide, without lignotuber, dichotomously much-branched. Leaves linear, pinnatipartite, silky-tomentose above but glabrescent, the lobes white-tomentose below; lamina 20-45 cm long, 3-10 mm wide; lobes 45-80 each side, ± triangular, rounded-obtuse; margins shortly revolule; petiole 1-3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal but usually subtended by new branches; involucral bracts oblong, broadened upwards, to 18-22 mm long, appressed-hirsute or almost glabrous except ciliate margins; flowers c. 70-90 per head. Perianth 25-38 mm long, hirsute in lower half, then appressed-pubescent; limb 2-3 mm long, hirsute. Pistil 32-45 mm long, glabrous, cream or red; pollen presenter slightly thickened at base, 0.7- 1 .5 mm long. Follicles obovate, ± acute at base, 9-13 mm long, almost glabrous. Typification. There is one sheet at FI, ex Herbarium Webbianum, with two Webbian labels - one ‘ex Herb. Desfontaines’, the other ‘ex Herb. Labillardiere’ - and it is not possible to match the labels to the specimens. The largest specimen is selected as lectotype, being the major part of a whole plant including part of the root system showing that it is non-lignotuberous. Distribution. Widespread through south-western Western Australia from Lake Indoon to Ongerup and east almost to Israelite Bay, with outliers in the extreme south-west. Discussion. Distinguished from most species of ser. Niveae in the non-lignotuberous, much-branched habit, and from the non-lignotuberous D. brownii by the narrower leaves with triangular lobes. The leaves are typically longer than those of related species. There are 2 subspecies. 1 Pistil 32-40 mm long; leaf lamina up to 35 cm long, 3-8 mm wide (Eneabba to Cape Arid, in dry soil) subsp. nivea 1: Pistil 41-45 mm long; leaf lamina up to 45 cm long, 7-10 mm wide (winter-wet flats near Busselton and the Scott River) subsp. uliginosa A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 399 Dryandra nivea (Labill.) R. Br. subsp. nivea Shrub less than 1 m tall. Leaf lamina usually 20-35 cm long, 3-8 mm wide. Pistil 32-40 mm long. Distribution. Widespread from Lake Indoon to Ongerup and east almost to Israelite Bay. Habitat. Grows in lateritic gravel or sandy-loam, in woodland and kwongan. Flowering period. Usually August-September. Discussion. Pieroni 94/2 from Morangup Nature Reserve (PERTH) has almost glabrous involucral bracts, c. 55 flowers per head, red styles, and is unusual in flowering in April. Illustrated by R.M. Sainsbury, Field Guide Dryandra 5 (1985) as D. arctotidis. Dryandra nivea subsp. uliginosa A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subsp. nivea habitu majore (ad 1.5 m alto), foliis grossius lobatis, et pistillo longiore, differt. Foliorum lamina ad 45 cm longa, 7-10 mm lata. Pistillum 41-45 mm longum. In paludibus hiemalibus habitat. Typus: Governor Broome Rd, Scott River plain, Western Australia, 34°15'S 1 15°17'E, 21 October 1993, A.S. George 17117 (holo: PERTH 04228936; iso: CANB, K, NSW, PERTH 04228944). Dense shrub to 1.5 m tall. Leaves deeply pinnatipartite; lamina 20-45 cm long, 7-10 mm wide; lobes 60-80 each side, obliquely triangular, obtuse, the upper margin convex, lower convex or shallowly S-shaped; sinuses curved- V-shaped, 2-5 mm across, the margins contiguous in lower half; petiole 1-3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts ovate to oblong, sparsely pubescent to glabrous except ciliate margins, the innermost ones to 20 mm long; receptacle rounded; flowers c. 70 per head; floral bracts linear, obtuse, 4-5 mm long, white-hirsute, the apex papillose. Perianth 29-38 mm long, hirsute; limb 3 mm long, coarsely hirsute. Pistil 41-45 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter not thickened, 0.7-0. 9 mm long. Selected collections examined, c. 20 km SSE of Busselton, G.J. Keighery 6622 (PERTH); Tutunup, R.D. Royce 5751 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs to the east of Busselton and on the Scott River plain. Habitat. Grows on winter-wet flats, in clay over laterite in thick scrub. Flowering period. September. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority One. The areas are subject to clearing. Etymology. Named from the Latin uliginosus (full of moisture, hence marshy), in reference to the winter-wet habitat. 400 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Discussion. Generally a larger plant with more coarsely lobed leaves, and occurring in a winter-wet habitat. Subg. 2. Hemiclidia Dryandra subg. Hemiclidia (R. Br.) A.S. George, comb, et stat. nov. Hemiclidia R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 40 (1830). Type\ H. baxteri R. Br. = Dryandra falcata R. Br. Erect shrubs without lignotuber. Leaves cuneate, serrate. Inflorescence terminal or on short lateral branchlet, conspicuous. Perianth straight. Pistil curved, longer than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, not ribbed. Old flowers ?persistent. Follicles ± cartilaginous, ovoid, hairy, usually remaining closed until burnt. Seed elliptic, not winged. A subgenus of 2 species, one in the kwongan north of Perth, the other in southern districts from the Stirling Range to Israelite Bay. The very small, rather soft fruit is distinctive. Dryandra glauca A.S. George, sp. nov. Ab D. falcata R. Br. foliis glaucis, floribus pallidis et folliculis majoribus (c. 7 mm longis), praecipue differt. Typus: Watheroo Rd, Watheroo National Park, Western Australia, 30°19'S, 1 15°47'E, 5 August 1986, A.S. George 16773 ( holo : PERTH 03324885; iso: CANB, K). Shrub to 1.5 m, without lignotuber. Stems tomentose and hirsute. Leaves cuneate, truncate, shortly mucronate, ± glaucous; lamina 4. 5-7. 5 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide; margins thickened but flat, deeply dentate with narrowly triangular lobes with subulate pungent tips, the apical ones directed forwards; petiole 5-10 mm long, flat, tomentose. Inflorescence on short leafy branchlet; involucral bracts broadly linear, tapering, acute, silky, the outermost ones recurved and ± glabrescent, pale rusty, inner ones 12-18 mm long; flowers c. 80-1 10 per head. Perianth 28-34 mm long, hirsute, pale yellow; limb 2.5-3. 2 mm long, keeled, glabrous. Pistil 30-35 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter slightly thickened, smooth, 1.2-1. 7 mm long, cream. Follicles ovoid, 7 mm long, shortly pubescent, the margins densely long-hirsute. Selected collections examined. First North Road, 5.6 km N of Three Springs-Eneabba road, A.S. George 16802 (PERTH); 27 km S of Eneabba, K.H. Rechinger 58279 (PERTH); Chatfield Clarke Rd, Alexander Morrison National Park, E.D. Kabay 53 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs from north-east of Eneabba and Tathra National Park south to Badgingarra. Habitat. Grows on lateritic rises in kwongan. Flowering period. July-October. A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 401 Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Four. Etymology. Named from the Latin glaucus (having a bluish grey bloom), in reference to the leaves. Discussion. Closely related to D.falcata but differs in the usually glaucous leaves, paler flowers and slightly larger follicles. The two are quite disjunct geographically. Subg. 3. Diplophragma Dryandra subg. Diplophragma (R. Br.) A.S. George, stat. nov. Dryandra sect. Diplophragma R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 37 (1830). Type: D. bipinnatifida R. Br. Dwarf shrubs with underground stems. Leaves bipinnatifid. Inflorescence terminal, often beyond leaves and ‘erupting’ from soil, large; involucal bracts as long as or exceeding flowers. Perianth straight to gently curved. Pistil straight, shorter than perianth; pollen presenter narrow, ribbed. Old flowers ?falling. Follicles woody, large, easily detached, usually opening when mature. Seed brown, elliptic with annular wing, attached each side at base to a wing of similar shape; separator absent. Monotypic. The seed is very unusual and the floral bracts enlarge more than in any other species, but the flowers are similar to those of Dryandra ser. Gymnocephalae. Bipinnatifid leaves also occur in I). preissii. Dryandra bipinnatifida R. Br., Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 39 (1830) - Josephia bipinnatifida (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 578 (1891). Type : Swan River, [Western Australia], March 1827, C. Fraser ( holo : BM). Distribution. Ranges from Eneabba and Mt Lesueur south to Busselton and Manjimup and inland to Chidlow and Dryandra. Discussion. A distinctive species in its foliage, large flowers and fruit. Perianth almost succulent at base, the tepals broadened above, then very narrow, with a very long limb. The floral bracts enlarge greatly in fruiting heads. There are two varieties based mainly on flower size and leaf form. 1 Perianth 48-57 mm long, with a few long apical hairs; involucral bracts 6-8 cm long; leaf lobes 1.2-3 mm wide; Perth southwards subsp. bipinnatifida 1: Perianth 42-45 mm long, the apex glabrous or rarely 1 or 2 long hairs; involucral bracts 5-6 cm long; leaf lobes usually 0.6-0.8 mm wide; Eneabba to Muchea subsp. multifida Dryandra bipinnatifida R. Br. subsp. bipinnatifida Leaf lamina usually 25-33 cm long; lobes 1 .2-3 mm wide. Involucral bracts 6-8 cm long. Perianth 48-57 mm long; limb with a few long, apical hairs. Floral bracts elongating to 28-35 mm in fruit. 402 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Distribution. Occurs on the Darling Plateau east of Perth and south to Manjimup. Habitat. Grows in lateritic soil in Jarrah forest and woodland. Flowering period. October-November. Dryandra bipinnatifida R. Br. subsp. rnultifida A.S. George, subsp. nov. Ab subsp. bipinnatifida lamina foliis plerumque 15-20 cm longa, lobis plerumque 0.7-0. 8 mm latis; bracteis involucralibus 5-6 cm longis; perianthio 42-45 mm longo, limbo glabro pilis longis 1 vel 2 apicalibus; et bracteis floralibus in fructu ad 20-23 mm elongatis, differt. Typus : 5 km S of Cataby, Brand Hwy, Western Australia, 30°46'S, 115°34'E, 11 October 1983, A.S. George 16276 & P. Nikulinsky ( holo : PERTH 04228928; iso: CANB, NSW). Leaf lamina usually 15-20 cm long, lobes usually 0.7-0. 8 mm wide. Involucral bracts 5-6 cm long. Perianth 42-45 mm long; limb glabrous or with 1 or 2 long, apical hairs. Floral bracts elongating to 20-23 mm in fruit. Selected collections examined. Cockleshell Gully, C.A. Gardner 8428 (PERTH); N of Mt Benia, NE of Mt Lesueur, E.A. Griffin 2415 (PERTH); Marchagee Track, E of Dewar Rd, E.A. Griffin 3474 (PERTH). Distribution. Occurs between Eneabba and Muchea. Habitat. Grows in sand over laterite in kwongan. Flowering period. October-November. Conservation status. Dept of Conservation & Land Management Conservation Code: Priority Four. Etymology. Epithet from the Latin multus (many) and -fidus (-divided), in reference to the finely divided leaves. Discussion. Although one or two collections are intermediate, these subspecies are usually easily recognized on the basis of their leaf division. Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to acknowledge the many herbaria in Australia, Europe and the United States of America that have made their collections available for study either during my visits or on loan. The Australian Biological Resources Study provided research space and supported a major field trip in 1985; it provided further support through a grant in 1993. The Western Australian Herbarium provided research space and made it possible to publish this paper in Nuytsia. Many people have assisted over the years, including Keith Alcock, John and Judith Browne, Tony Cavanagh, Geoff and A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 403 Rosemary Cugley, Ray Garstone, Elizabeth George, Ted Griffin, Don McGillivray , PhilippaNikulinsky, Margaret Pieroni, and Basil and Mary Smith. Two referees made most constructive criticism through which the paper was greatly improved. References Bentham, G. (1870). Dryandra. “Flora Australiensis .” 5: 562-584. (Reeve: London). Brown, R. (1810). Dryandra. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 211-215. Brown, R. (1830). Dryandra, Hemiclidia. Suppl. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 37-40. Gardner, C. A. (1927). Contributiones Florae AustraliaeOccidentalis VI. J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 13:61-68, plsXXlV-XXVII Gardner, C. A. (1964). Contributiones Florae AustraliaeOccidentalis XIII. J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 47:54-64. George, A.S. ( 1 984). Dryandra. In: "An Introduction to the Proteaceae of Western Australia.” 30-45. ( Kangaroo Press: Kenthurst). George, A.S. ( 1 991 ). New taxa, combinations and typifications in Verticordia (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae). Nuytsia 7: 23 1-394. George, A.S. (in press). Dryandra. In: Orchard, A. E. (ed.) “Flora of Australia. ” Vol. 17. (ABRS/CSIRO: Melbourne). Greuter, W., McNeill, S.elal. (1994). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Vegetabile\o\. 131, (Koeltz Scientific Books : Konigstein). Meisner, C. F. (1845, 1848). Dryandra. In: Lehmann , C. (ed.) Plantae Preissianae 1 : 589-601 ; 2: 265-268. (Meissner: Hamburg). Meisner, C. F. (1856). Dryandra, Hemiclidia. In: de Candolle, A.P.(ed.), Prodr. 14: 467-482. Sainsbury, R. (1985). Field Guide to Dryandra (University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands). Index New names and combinations in bold roman, other accepted names in light roman, and synonyms in italics. Banksia nivea Labill. 327, 398 Dryandra 327 subg. Dryandra 327 sect. Aphragma R. Br. 370 subg. Diplophragma (R. Br.) A.S. George 401 sect. Diplophragma R. Br. 401 subg. Hemiclidia (R. Br.) A.S. George 400 ser. Acrodontae (Meisn.) A.S. George 347, 379 ser. Acuminatae A.S. George 391 ser. Aphragma (R. Br.) A.S. George 370 ser. Armatae Benth. 330 ser. Capitellatae A.S. George 349 ser. Concinnae Benth. 385 ser. Decurrentes (Meisn.) A.S. George 357 ser. Dryandra 354 ser. Floribundae Benth. 327 ser. Foliosae A.S. George 356 ser. Folliculosae A.S. George 345 ser. Formosae Benth. 354 404 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) ser. Gymnocephalae Benth. 377, 379 ser. Ilicinae (Meisn.) A.S. George 352 ser. Inusitatae A.S. George 377 ser. Ionthocarpae A.S. George 375, 377 ser. Marginatae (Meisn.) A.S. George 345 ser. Niveae Benth. 392 ser. Obvallatae Benth. 386 ser. Pectinatae (Meisn.) A.S. George 391 ser. Plumosae A.S. George 382 ser. Runcinatae (Meisn.) A.S. George 360 ser. Subulatae A.S. George 378 ser. Tenuifoliae A.S. George 358 ser. Triangulares A.S. George 366 acanthopoda A.S. George 335 anatona A.S. George 353 arctotidis R. Br. 392 armata R. Br 330, 331, 344 armata R. Br. var. armata 331 armata var. ignicida A.S. George 331 ashbyi B.L. Burtt 346 aurantia A.S. George 373 baxteri R. Br. 356 bipinnatifida R. Br. 401 bipinnatifida R. Br. subsp. bipinnatifida 401 bipinnatifida R. Br. subsp. multifida A.S. George 402 blechnifolia R. Br. 372, 373 borealis A.S. George 343 borealis A.S. George subsp. borealis 344 borealis subsp. elatior A.S. George 344 brownii Meisn. 392, 398 calophylla R. Br. 375 calophylla var. acaulis Meisn. 367 carduacea Lindl. 336 carduacea var. angustifolia Hook. 336 carlinoides Meisn. 340, 347 catoglypta A.S. George 369 cirsioides Meisn. 333,334,351 colunmaris A.S. George 388, 391 comosa Meisn. 358 concinna R. Br. 385 conferta Benth. 386, 387 conferta Benth. var. conferta 387 conferta var. parva A.S. George 388 corvijuga A.S. George 365 cuneata R. Br 330, 352 cygnorum Gand. 329 cypholoba A.S. George 392 A.S. George, New taxaand a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 405 drummondii Meisn. 367, 369, 370 drummondii Meisn. subsp. drummondii 367 drummondii subsp. hiemalis A S. George 367 drummondii subsp. macrorufa A S. George 368 echinata A.S. George 339 elegans Meisn. 345 epimicta A.S. George 365 erythrocephala C.A. Gardner 379 erythrocephala C.A. Gardner var. erythrocephala 379 erythrocephala var. inopinata A.S. George 379 falcata R. Br. 354,400 fasciculata A.S. George 386 favosa Lindl. 331 ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn. 360, 365 ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn. subsp. ferruginea 361 ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa A.S. George 363 ferruginea subsp. flavcscens A.S. George 364 ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba A.S. George 363 ferruginea subsp. pumila A.S. George 362 ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis A.S. George 361 fililoba A.S. George 372 floribunda R. Br. 327, 328, 352 floribunda R. Br. var. cordata Meisn. 329 floribunda R. Br. var. major 329 formosa R. Br. 327, 354 fraseri R. Br. 346,391 fraseri R. Br. var. fraseri 346 fraseri var. ashbyi (B.L. Burtt) A.S. George 346 fraseri var. oxyeedra A.S. George 347 fuscobractea A.S. George 330 gilbertii S. Moore 331 glauca A.S. George 400 hewardiana Meisn. 337, 339 hirsuta A.S. George 332 idiogenes A.S. George 377 ionthocarpa A.S. George 376 kippistiana Meisn. 348 kippistiana Meisn. var. kippistiana 348 kippistiana Meisn. var. paenepeceata A.S. George 348 lepidorhiza A.S. George 374 lindleyana Meisn. 393 lindleyana Meisn. subsp. lindleyana 394 lindleyana Meisn. subsp. lindleyana var. lindleyana 394 lindleyana subsp. agrieola A.S. George 397 lindleyana subsp. lindleyana var. mellicula A.S. George 394 lindleyana subsp. media A.S. George 395 406 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) lindleyana subsp. pollosta A.S. George 396 lindleyana subsp. sylvestris A.S. George 396 longifolia R. Br. 341 longifolia R. Br. subsp. longifolia 342 longifolia subsp. archeos A.S. George 342 longifolia subsp. calcicola A.S. George 343 meganotia A.S. George 35 1 montana C.A. Gardner ex A.S. George 384 mucronulata R. Br. 356 mucronulata R. Br. subsp. mucronulata 356 mucronulata R. Br. subsp. retrorsa A.S. George 357 multiserialis F. Muell. 360 nana Meisn. 391 nervosa R. Br. 372 nivea (Labill.) R. Br. 327, 392, 398 nivea var. adscendens Endl. 398 nivea (Labill.) R. Br. subsp. nivea 399 nivea var. subevenia Meisn. 394 nivea subsp. uliginosa A.S. George 399 nivea var. venosa Meisn. 398 nobilis Lindl. 354, 366 nobilis Lindl. subsp. nobilis 355 nobilis subsp. fragrans A.S. George 355 obtusa R. Br. 360 octotriginta A.S. George 369, 370 pallida A.S. George 333 platycarpa A.S. George 389 plumosa R. Br. 382, 384 plumosa R. Br. subsp. denticulata A.S. George 383 plumosa R. Br. subsp. plumosa 383 polycephala Benth. 340 porrecta A.S. George 373 praernorsa Meisn. 352, 354 praemorsa var. elongata Meisn. 352 praernorsa Meisn. var. praemorsa 352 praemorsa var. splendens A.S. George 353 preissii Meisn. 391 proteoides Lindl. 366 proteoides Lindl. var . ferruginea (Kippist ex Meisn.) Benth. 360 pseudoplumosa A.S. George 383, 384 pteridifolia R. Br. 371, 372 pteridifolia var. blechnifolia (R. Br.) R. Br. 372 pteridifolia R. Br. subsp. pteridifolia 371 pteridifolia subsp. vernalis A.S. George 371 pulchella Meisn. 345 purdieana Diels 334 quinquedentata Gand. 329 A.S. George, New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra 407 rufistylis A.S. George 387, 390 runcinata Meisn. 360, 361 seneciifolia Meisn. 386, 389, 391 serra R. Br. 385 serratuloides Meisn. 349, 391 serratuloides Meisn. subsp. serratuloides 350, 351 serratuloides subsp. perissa A.S. George 350, 351 sessilis (Knight) Domin 327 sessilis (Knight) Domin var. sessilis 328 sessilis var. cordata (Meisn.) A.S. George 329 sessilis var. cygnorum (Gand.) A.S. George 329 sessilis var. flabellifolia A.S. George 328 shuttleworthiana Meisn. 379 speciosa Meisn. 379,381 speciosa Meisn. subsp. speciosa 381 speciosa subsp. macrocarpa A.S. George 381 squarrosa R. Br. 335 squarrosa R. Br. subsp. squarrosa 336, 341 squarrosa subsp. argillacea A.S. George 336 stenoprion Meisn. 392 stricta A.S. George 338 subpinnatifida C.A. Gardner 340 subpinnatifida C.A. Gardner var. subpinnatifida 340, 341 subpinnatifida var. imberbis A.S. George 340, 341 tenuifolia R. Br. 345, 358 tenuifolia var. elegans (Meisn.) Benth. 359 tenuifolia R. Br. var. reptans A.S. George 359 tenuifolia R. Br. var. tenuifolia 359 tortifolia Meisn. 392 tridentata Benth. 379 trifontinalis A.S. George 337 viscida A.S. George 380 wonganensis A.S. George 337 xylothemelia A.S. George 334 Hemiclidia R. Br. 327, 400 baxteri R. Br. 327, 400 Josephia R. Br. ex Knight 327 sect. Aphragma (R. Br.) Kuntze 370 armata (R. Br.) Kuntze 331 bipinnatifida (R. Br.) Kuntze 401 blechnifolia (R. Br.) Poir. 372 carduacea (Lindl.) Kuntze 336 conferta (Benth.) Kuntze 387 cuneata (R. Br.) Poir. 330 fraseri (R. Br.) Kuntze 346 kippistiana (Meisn.) Kuntze 348 408 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) longifolia (R. Br.) Poir. 341 mucronulata (R. Br.) Kuntze 356 nivea (Labill.) Kuntze 398 nobilis (Lindl.) Kuntze 354 obtusa (R. Br.) Kuntze 360 plumosa (R. Br.) Poir. 382 polycephala (Benth.) Kuntze 340 praemorsa (Meisn.) Kuntze 352 proteoides (Lindl.) Kuntze 366 pteridifolia (R. Br.) Poir. 371 rachidifolia Knight 327, 398 runcinata (Meisn.) Kuntze 361 serratuloides (Meisn.) Kuntze 349 sessilis Knight 327 speciosa (Meisn.) Kuntze, 381 squarrosa (R. Br.) Kuntze 335 tenuifolia (R. Br.) Kuntze 358 Nuytsia 10 (3): 409-418 (1996) 409 A reassessment of Prasophyllum gracile and P. macrostachyum (Orchidaceae), with the description of P. paulinae, a new species from south-west Western Australia David L. Jones and Mark A. Clements Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian National Herbarium, A.N.C.A., Box 1600, Canberra, Australia 2601 Abstract Jones, D.L. and Clements, M.A. A reassessment of Prasophyllum gracile and P. macrostachyum (Orchidaceae), with the description of P. paulinae, a new species from south-west Western Australia. Nuytsia 10 (3): 409-418 (1996). The taxonomic status of the Australian orchid Prasophyllum gracile Lindl. is clarified after a critical examination of the holotype. A rare new species, Prasophyllum paulinae, closely related to P. macrostachyum R. Br., is described from a restricted area in the south- west of Western Australia. Introduction The genus Prasophyllum R. Br. is taxonomically one of the most difficult of Australian orchid genera. Considerable problems with identification of taxa have been experienced by taxonomists and field workers because of the apparent overall similarity of floral morphology between taxa and the difficulty of identifying dried herbarium specimens. As part of an overall study of the genus, various complexes are being examined by the senior author, with the first of these studies on the P. alpinum complex now completed (Jones in press). Particularly troublesome has been the Prasophyllum macrostachyum R. Br. alliance of species which occurs in Western Australia (W.A.) and South Australia (S.A.). Members of this alliance are recognizable by a very slender habit and relatively small, narrow' flowers. Currently there are considered to be three species in this alliance (Bates 1989), viz. P. macrostachyum, P. ringens (Rchb.) R.J. Bates and P. calcicola R.J. Bates. During field work in 1989 another species in this alliance was brought to the attention of the authors by Ron and Pauline Heberle. Upon rechecking photographs of the types of all taxa in the group to authenticate the new discovery, it became apparent that the types of P. ringens and P. gracile Lindl. (treated by recent authors as a synonym of P. macrostachyum ) were very similar. The type specimens were again subsequently checked by one of us (MAC) and following these findings, the nomenclature and taxonomy of all members of the alliance were examined in detail. 410 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Methods This study is based on field observations and herbarium collections (spirit and dried) from the following Australian herbaria (AD, CANB, MEL and PERTH). Type specimens of all previously described taxa have been examined including those in overseas herbaria (BM, K, K-L, W). Measurements given in descriptions are from living plants or spirit-preserved specimens. Notes on distribution, habitat (particularly soil and plant association) and conservation status were derived from our own field studies and consultations with A.P. Brown and R. Heberle. Taxonomic history Prasophyllum macrostachyum was described by Brown in 1810 based on collections he made in swamps near Albany , W. A. In 1 840 Lindley described P. gracile based on material collected by James Drummond, probably from near Perth. Six years later Endlicher (1846), determined two Preiss collections from Western Australia as representative of P. nigricans R. Br and P. gracile, even though both collections are in fact the same species. Reichenbach (1871), after studying the same two collections, determined that the specimen attributed by Endlicher to P. nigricans was in fact P. gracile Lindley and the second specimen, determined by Endlicher as P. gracile, was a new taxon which he described as P. gracile var. ringens. George (1971), after a study of the types, made the new combination of P. macrostachyum var. ringens and reduced P. gracile to a synonym of P. macrostachyum var. macrostachyum. In a revision of the alliance, Bates ( 1989) described a third species, P. calcicola, from material collected on Yorke Peninsula, S.A. but which also occurs in W.A. In the same paper he elevated P. macrostachyum var. ringens to specific status. Clements and Jones (in Clements 1989) independently reached a similar conclusion about the status of this taxon and renamed it as P. antennatum. A subsequent re-assessment of the type collection of Prasophyllum gracile by one of us (MAC), housed in the Lindley Herbarium, Kew, showed that the specimens have lateral sepals with long, acicular terete apices and this species is conspecific with P. ringens, and not P. macrostachyum as previously interpreted by George (1971) and Clements (1989). According to article 1 1 of the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Prasophyllum gracile Lindley has priority over P. ringens (H.G. Reichb.) R.J. Bates. Studies of the types of other species in the complex have confirmed that their taxonomic status agrees with that accorded to them by Clements ( 1989), and show that the taxon recently discovered by Ron and Pauline Heberle is new. Subsequent field studies by the senior author have allowed the comparison of fresh material of P. macrostachyum, P. gracile and the new taxon. These studies have supported the recognition of the three taxa detailed in this paper and have revealed further distinguishing characters that are not readily evident in herbarium specimens. The taxonomy and morphology of the three taxa is presented here. Prasophyllum calcicola was the subject of a recent study (Bates 1989) and is not described here but is included in the key. Taxonomic treatment Key to species 1. Flowers 6-10 mm long, column wings well-developed 2 Flowers c. 5 mm long, column wings vestigial P. calcicola D.L. Jones and M.A. Clements, Prasophyllum species 411 2. Lateral sepals with acicular terete apices 1.5-2. 5 mm long 1. P. gracile Lateral sepals with acicular terete apices c. 1 mm long 3 3. Flowers c. 9 mm long, widely separated in a linear spike; labellum ovate; callus thin-textured 2. P. macrostachyum Flowers c. 6 mm long, crowded in a subpyramidal spike; labellum broadly elliptic obovate; callus thick-textured 3. P. paulinae 1. Prasophyllum gracile Lindl. in Edward’s, Bot. Reg. 1-23: Swan Riv. Append, liv (1840). Type: ‘Swan River’, J. Drummond s.n. ( holo : K-L!). Syn: Prasophyllum gracile Endl. inLehm., PI. Preiss. 2: 12 (1846), non R.S. Rogers (1909); P. gracile var. ringens Rchb., Beitr. Syst. Ptlanzenk. 60 (1 871); P. macrostachyum var. ringens (Rchb.) George, Nuytsia 1: 188 (1971); P. ringens (Rchb.) R.J. Bates, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 11(2): 182(1989); P. antennatum M.A. Clem. & D.L. Jones, Aust. Orch. Res. 1 : 1 10 (1989). Type: ‘In solo limoso prope oppidulum York’, 4 Sept. 1840, Preiss 2198 (holo: W!). Illustrations. Plate 141 (Nicholls 1969) - as P. macrostachyum ; Fig. 2. (Bates 1989) - as P. ringens; plate on page 295 (Hoffman & Brown 1992) - as P. ringens. Slender, terrestrial, tuberous herb 10-30 cm tall, growing in loose groups. Tubers ovoid-oblong, 8-14 mm long, 5-8 mm wide. Leaf linear-terete, 10-30 cm long, dark green, base 1-2 mm across, whitish, rarely red, free lamina 6-15 cm long, erect, very slender, often partly withered at anthesis. Inflorescence a narrow, sparse to moderately dense, linear spike 8-25 cm long, consisting of 5 - c. 30 flowers. Floral bracts transversely ovate, c. 1.3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, apiculate. Ovary obovoid, c. 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, shiny green, set at about 50 degrees to the rhachis. Flowers 7-10 mm long, c. 5 mm across, usually pale green to yellowish green, rarely wholly brown or red, opening widely, sessile. Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 1 .4- 1 .7 mm wide, concave, obliquely deflexed, subacute to apiculate. Lateral sepals narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 5. 5-6. 5 mm long, 1.0- 1.2 mm wide, connate for proximal half then free, distal margins involute, with acicular, terete apices 1.5-2. 5 mm long. Petals narrowly lanceolate, c. 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, porrect, incurved, subacute. Labellum ovate-lanceolate in outline when flattened, 3-3.3 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, narrowed to a short, ligulate basal claw, proximal half porrect, not gibbous when viewed from the side, with entire margins, distal half recurved at right angles, with shallowly crenulate margins, usually recurved near the apex and just touching the lateral sepals, narrowly obtuse; callus ovate- elliptic near the base, then narrowed to a linear-oblong section, 1.6- 1.8 mm long, c. 1.2 mm wide, raised, fleshy, light green, channelled centrally, margins entire, narrowed beyond the bend and extending two-thirds of the distance to the labellum apex. Column porrect from the end of the ovary, c. 1 .6 mm long, 1 .8 mm wide, not hidden by the dorsal sepal and petals; appendages narrowly oblong- lanceolate, c. 1 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, pale green, obtuse. Anther ovate, c. 1 mm long, 1 .2 mm wide, dark brown. Pollinarium c. 1.2 mm long; viscidium elliptic, c. 0.1 mm long, white; hamulus c. 0.15 mm long, ligulate; pollinia linear-clavoid, c. 1 mm long, yellow, sectile. Stigma transversely reniform, c. 1 .2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the rostellum much higher than the appendages. Capsule obovoid, 6-7 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, shiny green. (Figure 1) Selected specimens (49 examined). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: rocks NNW of Mt Magnet, 2-9-1984, Bates 4193 (AD, CANB); Mt Latham, 7 km west of Wagin, 27-9-1980, Clements 2173 (CBG); Victoria Rocks, 22-9-1962, George 4193 (PERTH); Dundas Rocks, 11-10-1988, Jones 2977 & 412 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Figure I . Prasnphyllum gracile Lindl. A - plant habit, B - flower from front, C - flower from side, D - labellum from above, flattened out, E -labellum from side, F- dorsal sepal flattened out, G- conjoined lateral sepals, H- petal, I -column from rear, J -column from side, K - column from front. Scale bars: A = 2 cm; B,C,F,G,H = 2 mm; D,E,I,J,K = 1 mm. Drawn from K. Smith (D.L. Jones 12585 - CBG). D.L. Jones and M. A. Clements, Prasophyllum species 413 Clements (CBG); salt lake, c. 4 km west of Moora, 5-10-1991, Jones 8148 & Clements (CBG); Highbury, 8-10-1991, Jones 8210 & Clements (CBG); Mt Tampia, Arrowsmith, Sept. 1946, Nicholls (MEL); east of Paynes Find, 2-9-1986, Smith 721 (MEL, PERTH); 16 km west of Merredin, 18-9-1963, Willis (MEL). Distribution and habitat. Endemic to south-western Western Australia where widely distributed between Shark Bay and Israelite Bay, extending from the coast to inland districts. The species is commonest on granite outcrops and winter-wet areas but also occurs on laterite, sand and loam, growing in open forest, woodland, shrubland and grassy areas. Flowering period. July-November. Conservation status. Prasophyllum gracile is widespread, common and well conserved in national parks and other reserves. Notes. Prasophyllum gracile is a very widely distributed species with an exceptionally long flowering period, due mainly to its range (northern populations flower earlier) but also with race variation occurring in some localities. Apart from some rather striking variation in flower colour and to a lesser degree flower size, investigations by us have shown limited variation in floral morphology, the most noticeable feature being the length of the terete apices on the lateral sepals. Further investigation may warrant infraspecific recognition of this variation, particularly if it can be linked with flowering time and habitat. Prasophyllum gracile and P. macrostachyum grow in close proximity in some localities in the south-west of Western Australia but hybrids are unknown. 2. Prasophyllum macrostachyum R. Br„ Prodr. 318(1810). Type: ‘In paludobus ad portum Regis Georgii 111’, December 1801, R- Brown s.n. ( lecto : BM!). Illustrations. Plate 145 (Nicholls 1969) - as P. attenuatum; Fig. 3. (Bates 1989); plate on page 296, (Hoffman & Brown 1992). Slender, terrestrial, tuberous herb 15-45 cm tall, growing in loose groups. Tubers ovoid-oblong, 8-12 mm long, 6-8 mm wide. Leaf linear-terete, 10-18 cm long, dark green, base 2-3 mm across, reddish to purplish, free lamina 7-12 cm long, erect, often partly withered at anthesis. Inflorescence a narrow, sparse, linear spike 8- 1 8 cm long, consisting of 15 - c. 30 flowers. Floral bracts transversely ovate, c. 1 .2 mm long, 1 .2 mm wide, apiculate. Ovary obovoid, c. 4 mm long, c. 1 .5 mm wide, shiny green, set at about 50 degrees to the rhachis. Flowers c. 9 mm long, c. 4 mm across, pale green with purplish-green to reddish purple markings and suffusions in the petals and labellum, opening widely, sessile. Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-5 mm long, 1 .8-2.2 mm wide, green, usually with reddish edges, concave, obliquely deflexed, apex cymbiform to apiculate. Lateral sepals oblong- lanceolate, 5.5-6 mm long, 1 .2- 1 .3 mm wide, green with red margins, connate for proximal two-thirds then free, distal margins involute, with acicular, terete apices 0.5-1 mm long. Petals narrowly ovate- lanceolate, c. 3.5 mm long, 1 .3 mm wide, green with reddish to purplish markings and suffusions, porrect, incurved, obtuse. Labellum broadly elliptic-ovate in outline when flattened, 3.2-3. 5 mm Iona, 2-2.2 mm wide, green with reddish or purplish margins, narrowed to a ligulate basal claw c. 1 mm long, proximal half porrect, not gibbous when viewed from the side, with slightly irregular margins, distal half recurved at right angles, with slightly irregular margins, the apex erect or recurved and just touching the lateral sepals, narrowly obtuse; callus ovate-elliptic near the base then narrowed 414 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) and linear, 2.2-2.5 mm long, c. 1.1 mm wide, raised, fleshy, light green, channelled centrally, margins nearly entire, narrowed beyond the bend and extending two-thirds of the distance to the labellum apex. Column porrect from the end of the ovary, c. 1.7 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, mostly hidden by the dorsal sepal and petals; appendages narrowly oblong-ovate, c. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, pale green, subobtuse. Anther ovate, c. 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, dark brown. Pollinarium c. 1.4 mm long; viscidium elliptical, c. 0.15 mm long, white; hamulus c. 0.2 mm long, ligulate; pollinia linear-clavoid, c. 1.1 mm long, yellow, sectile. Stigma transversely reniform, c. 1 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, the rostellum much higher than the appendages. Capsule obovoid, 6-9 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, shiny green. (Figure 2) Selected specimens (30 examined). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Palgarup, near Manjimup, 23-10- 1975, Clements 157 (CBG); foot of Bickley Hill on clay flat, 4-8-1961, George (PERTH); east of Oyster Harbour, Albany, 1 1-10-1969, George 9688 (PERTH, MEL): 1.5 km east of Elleker towards Grasmere, 2- 10-1971 , George 11103 (PERTH, CANB); 8 km south of Enneabba in clay, 27-9-1977, Hnatiuk 77 1 395 (PERTH); Manypeaks, 20- 10-1988, Jones 336 1 & Clements (CBG); swamp c. 22 km south of Bridgetown, 19-10-1991, Jones 8285 & Clements (CBG); 90.1 km west of Mt Barker, 12-10-1991, Jones 8363 & Clements (CBG); Upper King River, Oct. 1946, Nicholls (MEL). Distribution and habitat. Endemic to south-western Western Australia where distributed in a narrow coastal and near-coastal band from near Eneabba to east of Esperance. The species grows in winter- wet swamps and clay pans, commonly flowering while partly submerged. Flowering period. September to January. Conservation status. Common and well conserved in national parks and other reserves. Notes. Prasophyllum macrostachyum has similarities with P. gracile but can be readily distinguished by its widely spaced flowers imparting a sparse appearance to the inflorescence, broader dorsal sepal, much shorter points on the lateral sepals and a broader, oblong-obovate labellum. It is closest to P. paulinae but is less robust than that species and has slender stems and leaves, widely spaced flowers in a linear spike, shorter ovaries, longer, narrower lateral sepals and a much thinner-textured lamina callus. 3. Prasophyllum paulinae D.L. Jones & M.A. Clem., sp. nov. Affinis P. macrostachyo R. Br. a qua in habitu robustiore caulibus crassioribus, foliis crassioribus, floribus numerosioribus confertis in spicis subpyramidalibus, ovariis longioribus, sepalis lateralibus brevioribus latioribus, petalis brevioribus obtusis, et labello late elliptici-obovato obtuso et callo crasso differt. Typus: Cuthbert, near Albany [precise locality withheld], Western Australia, 20 October 1993, Jones 12425 ( holo : CBG 9318004; iso: AD, BRI, CBG, MEL, NSW, PERTH). Slender, terrestrial, tuberous herb 15-40 cm tall, growing in loose groups. Tubers ovoid-oblong, 8-13 mm long, 5-8 mm wide. Leaf linear-terete, 10-18 cm long, dark green, base 4-5 mm across, whitish, free lamina 6-10 cm long, erect, often partly withered at anthesis. Inflorescence a narrow, dense, subpyramidal spike 8-25 cm long, consisting of 25 - c. 70 flowers. Floral bracts transversely D.L. Jones and M. A. Clements, Prasophyllum species 415 Figure 2. Prasophyllum macro stachy urn R . Br. A - plant habit, B - flower from front, C - flower from side, D - labellum from above, flattened out, E - labellum from side, F - dorsal sepal flattened out, G - conjoined lateral sepals, H - petal, I - column from rear, J - column from side, K - column from front. Scale bars: A = 2 cm; B,C,F,G,H = 2 mm; D,E,1,J,K = 1 mm. Drawn from D.L. Jones, 3260 (CBG). 416 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) ovate, c. 1 .5 mm long, 1 .5 mm wide, apiculate. Ovary obovoid, c. 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, shiny green, set at about 45 degrees to the rhachis. Flowers c. 6 mm long, pale green with purplish-green to reddish purple markings and suffusions in the petals and labellum, opening widely, sessile. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, green, sometimes with reddish margins, concave, obliquely deflexed, subacute. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm long, 1 .2- 1 .4 mm wide, green, connate for proximal two-thirds then free, distal margins involute, with acicular, terete apices c. 0.5 mm long. Petals narrowly elliptical, c. 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, green with reddish to purplish markings and suffusions, porrect, incurved, obtuse. Labellum broadly elliptic-obovate in outline when flattened, 5-5.5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, green with reddish or purplish margins, narrowed to a short, ligulate basal claw, proximal half porrect, not gibbous when viewed from the side, with shallowly crenulate margins, distal half recurved at right angles, with shallowly crenulate margins, the apex just touching the lateral sepals, obtuse; callus very narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-5 mm long, c. 1.8 mm wide, raised, fleshy, light green, channelled centrally, margins entire, narrowed beyond the bend and extending nearly to the labellum apex. Column porrect from the end of the ovary, c. 1 .2 mm long, 1 .2 mm wide, hidden by the dorsal sepal and petals; appendages linear- oblong, c. 1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, pale green, subobtuse. Anther ovate, c. 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, dark brown. Pollinarium c. 1.2 mm long; viscidium elliptic, c. 0.1 mm long, white; hamulus c. 0.1 mm long, ligulate; pollinia linear-clavoid, c. 1 mm long, yellow, sectile. Stigma transversely reniform, c. 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the rostellum higher than the appendages. Capsule obovoid, 6-7 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, shiny green. (Figure 3) Specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Cuthbert 18-10-1988, Jones 3257 & Clements (CBG). Distribution and habitat. Endemic to south-western Western Australia where known only from a degraded area in a complex of cleared swamps to the west of Albany. The species grows among grasses and herbs in black, peaty, alkaline soil. Flowering period. September to November. Conservation status. Rare, not conserved and endangered by drainage of swamps, land clearing and weed invasion. Recommended as a Priority 1 category on the Priority Flora List of the Department of Conservation and Land Management . Notes. Prasophyllum paulinae is similar to P. macrostachyum but is much more robust with stouter stems and leaves, more numerous, crowded flowers in a subpyramidal spike, longer ovaries, shorter, broader lateral sepals and a broadly elliptic-obovate, obtuse labellum with a much thicker-textured callus (prominent when viewed from the side). By contrast with P. paulinae, P. macrostachyum is a very slender species with fewer, widely separated flowers in a linear spike and an ovate labellum with a thinner-textured callus. Both taxa grow in swampy environments but P. macrostachyum occurs in wetter conditions than P. paulinae, often growing with the base of the plants submerged. Etymology. Named in honour of Pauline Heberle who has assisted with specimens, provided hospitality and has been supportive of our research over many years. D.L. Jones and M. A. Clements, Prasophyllum species 417 Figure 3. Prasophyllumpaulinae D.L. Jones & M . A. Clem. A - plant habit, B - flower from front, C - flower from side, D - labellum from above, flattened out, E- labellum from side, F- dorsal sepal flattened out, G- con joined lateral sepals, H- petal, I -column from rear, J - column from side, K - column from front. Scale bars: A = 2 cm; B,C,F,G,H = 2 mm; D,E,1,J,K = 1 mm. Drawn from D.L. Jones 3257 (CBG). 418 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Acknowledgements We thank Ron and Pauline Heberle for hospitality and assistance in the field and Andrew Brown for discussions. Corinna Broers and Barbara Jones provided valuable technical assistance throughout the project. Additional specimens were provided by R. Bates, A. Brown, Nye Evans, Chris and Marie French, Bill Jackson and Don Voigt. Alex George prepared the Latin diagnosis and Marion Garratt prepared the illustrations from the sketches of D.L. Jones. The Directors of the Australian Orchid Foundation are thanked for their support of field operatives. We also express our thanks to the directors of the herbaria AD, BM, CANB, K, MEL, PERTH and W for allowing us access to specimens. References Bates, R. (1989). Prasophyllum calcicola, P. macrostachyum and P. ringens (Orchidaceae): Three similar species from western and southern Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1 1 (2): 1 79-87. Clements, M. A . (1989). Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. Aust. Orch. Res. 1 : 1-160. Endlicher, S. (1846). Orchideae. In: C. Lehmann (ed.) “Plantae Preissianae.” Vol. 2. pp. 4-14. George, A. S. (1971). A checklist of the orchidaceae of Western Australia. Nuytsia 1: 166-96. Hoffman, N. & Brown, A. ( 1 992). “Orchids of South-west Australia.” 2nded. ( University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands.) Nicholls, W. H. (1969). “Orchids of Australia.” (Thomas Nelson (Australia): Melbourne.) Nuytsia 10 (3): 419-423 (1996) 419 Drosera kenneallyi (Droseraceae), a new tropical species of carnivorous plant from the Kimberley, northern Western Australia Allen Lowrie 6 Glenn Place, Duncraig, Western Australia 6102 Abstract Lowrie, A. Drosera kenneallyi (Droseraceae), a new tropical species of carnivorous plant from the Kimberley, northern Western Australia. Nuytsia 10(3): 419-423 (1996). A new species, Drosera kenneallyi (Droseraceae), is described from tropical northern Western Australia. The features that distinguish this taxon from its nearest relatives are presented, with growth adaptations and habitat preferences indicated. Introduction The first collection of this distinctive new Drosera species was by Kevin F. Kenneally in 1982 on the Mitchell Plateau. In 1993 I collected live dormant specimens and brought the species into cultivation. A comparison of the dormant, vegetative and flowering stages of this plant with data from all named species within the D. petiolaris complex confirmed that this taxon warranted species status. The new species belongs in subgen. Drosera, sect. Lasiocephala Planchon (Marchant & George 1982). Since Marchant and George’s treatment, four additional species belonging to the section have been named (Kondo 1984, Lowrie 1994). Seven species are now listed in this section, D. dilatato- petiolaris Kondo, D.falconeri Kondo and Tsang, D. kenneallyi Lowrie, D. lanata Kondo, D. ordensis Lowrie, D. petiolaris R.Br. (also recorded in Papua New Guinea by Conn 1980), and one species in New Caledonia, D. caledonica Vieill. Key to section Lasiocephala 1 : Leaf lamina narrowly obovate; inflorescence (including scape) covered with short glandular hairs D. caledonica 1: Leaf lamina orbicular, suborbicular, reniform or transversely broadly elliptic to very broadly ovate; inflorescence (including scape) covered with non-glandular, woolly hairs 2: 420 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) 2: Leaves sparsely covered with appressed hairs, each hair entire or bearing a few small spurs; petiole visible through the hairy covering 4: 2; Leaves densely covered with dendritic hairs, each hair bearing many long lateral spurs; petiole hidden by the dense hairy covering 3: 3: Petiole linear, 1-1.5 mm wide; lamina suborbicular, 2-2.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide; pedicels 1 .5-2.5 mm long D. lanata 3: Petiole oblanceolate, 2-4 mm wide; lamina suborbicular, 3-4 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide; pedicels 2-4.5 mm long D. ordensis 4: Leaf lamina reniform, 15 mm long, 20 mm wide D. falconeri 4: Leaf lamina orbicular, suborbicular or transversely broadly elliptic to very broadly ovate, 2.5-7 mm wide 5: 5: Lamina transversely broadly elliptic to very broadly ovate, 5.5-7 mm wide, rosette leaves appressed to the soil D. kenneallyi 5: Lamina orbicular or suborbicular, 2. 5-3.5 mm wide, leaves of the rosette erect and semi-erect 6: 6: Petiole oblanceolate, 2.5-3 mm wide; pedicels 3-7 mm long D. dilatato-petiolaris 6: Petiole linear, 0.4-0. 8 mm wide; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long D. petiolaris Description Drosera kenneallyi A. Lowrie, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Drosera falconeri Kondo & Tsang affinis sed petiolo anguste oblanceolato 1 .5-2.2 mm lato, lamina 5.5-7 mm lata, scapo (inflorescentia includenti) 12.5-20.5 cm longo. Typus: 9 km N of mining camp on track to Port Warrender, Mitchell Plateau, N. Kimberley, Western Australia, lat. 14° 46' S long. 125° 48' E, K. F. Kenneally 8658, 7 December 1982 ( holo: PERTH 01612808; iso: CANB, MEL). A reddish bronze, fibrous rooted herb with perennial stock and a solitary leafy rosette. Leaves in a flat basal rosette appressed to the soil; petiole narrowly oblanceolate in outline, 0.9- 1 mm wide near base, 1 .5-2.2 mm wide near the centre, narrowed to 0.7- 1 mm wide at the base of the lamina, commonly 15-30 mm long at flowering, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface very sparsely covered with white simple hairs; lamina transversely broadly elliptic to very broadly ovate, 4-6 mm long, 5.5-7 mm wide, adaxial surface with insect-catching glands positioned around the margins of the lamina and smaller glands within, abaxial surface very sparsely covered with white simple hairs. Inflorescences 1- 3 per basal rosette, 12.5-20.5 cm long (including scape), forming a 1 0-20- flowered loose raceme, pedicels 3- 1 2 mm long, horizontal to semi-erect in fruit, scape sparsely covered with short, white hairs, inflorescence with a slightly denser covering of similar hairs. Sepals obovate, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.7 mm wide, abaxial surface sparsely covered with white, simple hairs bearing a few short spurs along their length; petals white, obovate, with strong mid- vein, 5. 5-6. 5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide. Stamens 2- 3.5 mm long, carpels 3, bilobed; ovary turbinate, 0.7-1 mm long, 1-1.4 mm diam. at anthesis, styles 3 or 4 , the basal portion laterally compressed, 0.3-0. 5 mm long then forked and repeatedly branched into flattened segments, 1.5-2. 5 mm long, stigmas formed on the apical portion of each branching style segment. (Figure 1) A. Lowrie, Drosera kenneallyi 421 Figure 1. Drosera kenneallyi A- plantshowinghabit, B- sepal, C- petal, D- leaf, E- section through leaf, F-gynoecium, G - 3-capellate ovary, base view, H - simple hair from leaf, not to scale. Scale bar for all = 1 mm. 422 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: S.E. margin of Airfield Swamp, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, lat. 14° 46' S, long. 125° 49' E, 21 June 1993, A. Lowrie 743 (PERTH). Habitat. Drosera kenneallyi grows in brown fine sandy loam on the margins of Airfield Swamp. The habitat is a low herbfield situated between open Eucalyptus latifolia woodland on lateritic soils and a wet black silty soil swampland covered with an open Melaleuca leucadendron forest. The type material was collected in skeletal soil over hardpan laterite under Eucalyptus latifolia a short distance from Airfield swamp. Observations during the wet season (Kingsley Dixon pers. comm.) indicate that the species has an aquatic stage. During January and February the Airfield Swamp population is flooded with shallow water, which can be so high in temperature as to be uncomfortable to wade through bare-footed. D. kenneallyi is able to tolerate these conditions and has a remarkable adaptation to avoid total submersion. It has flexible petioles which rise and fall according to the water level, allowing the lamina to float waterlily-like on the surface and continue to catch insect prey. Flowering period. November to early December. Affinities. The closest relative to Drosera kenneallyi is D. falconeri which is only known from the northern regions of Northern Territory including Melville Island. D. falconeri occurs in similar habitats to D. kenneallyi and both flower early, well before the flooding associated with the wet season. Although D. falconeri can be readily distinguished from D. kenneallyi by its large reniform leaf lamina and shorter flowering stem, it shows many morphological similarities. Both species produce an almost glabrous, solitary, rosette of leaves appressed to the soil surface, have bulb-like structures which are the accumulation of the persistent fleshy leaf bases positioned just below the soil surface and deciduous leaves in dormancy. The bulb-like structure of these two species is not densely covered with woolly hairs to prevent desiccation as is found in all other species within the D. petiolaris complex. D. falconeri and D. kenneallyi simply rely on the compacted soil, which is concrete-like when dry, around the dormant bulb as the only insulation during the dry season. Conservation status. Drosera kenneallyi is a common species within a 5 km radius of Mitchell Plateau Airfield and is currently not under threat. Etymology. The epithet, kenneallyi is in honour of Kevin F. Kenneally, Principal Research Scientist, who first discovered this species in 1 982 and who has provided thousands of valuable plant collections from numerous botanical trips to the Kimberley region. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the leaders of the 1993 LANDSCOPE Expedition to the Mitchell Plateau for the opportunity to collect material of D. kenneallyi in the Kimberley, and to the expedition members for their assistance and companionship in the field. My thanks also to the staff of the Western Australian Herbarium for their assistance. A. Lowrie, Drosera kenneallyi 423 References Conn, B. J. (1980). A review of Drosera in Papuasia. Brunonia 3: 209-216. Kondo, K. (1984). Three new species of Drosera L. from Australia. Boletim Da Sociedade Broteriana ser. 2, 57: 5 1 -60. Lowrie, A. (1994). Drosera ordensis (Droseraceae), a new tropical species of carnivorous plant from northern Australia. Nuytsia9: 363-367. Marchant, N.G. &George, A.S. (1982). Drosera. In: George, A. S. (ed.) “Flora of Australia.” Vol. 8. pp. 383-385. (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.) 424 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Nuytsia 10 (3): 425-427 (1996) 425 Stylidium fimbriatum (Stylidiaceae), a new tropical species of triggerplant from the Kimberley, Western Australia Allen Lowrie 1 and Kevin F. Kenneally 2 '6 Glenn Place, Duncraig, Western Australia 6023 2 Science Publications Unit, Corporate Relations Division, Department of Conservation and Land Management, POBox 104, Como, Western Australia 6 152 Abstract Lowrie, A. and Kenneally, K.F. Stylidium fimbriatum (Stylidiaceae), a new tropical species of triggerplant from the Kimberley, Western Australia. Nuytsia 10(3): 425-427 (1996). A new species of Stylidium (Stylidiaceae) from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, S. fimbriatum Lowrie & Kenneally, is described and illustrated. Introduction A new species of tropical triggerplant, Stylidium fimbriatum, apparently endemic to the Kimberley region of Western Australia, is described and illustrated. It bears flowers with distinctive, fimbriate, beard-like throat appendages. This unusual feature has not been reported in any other known tropical Stylidium species. The term gynostemium used by Armbruster et al. (1994) to describe the mobile column of Stylidium has been adopted by us. Taxonomy Stylidium fimbriatum Lowrie & Kenneally, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Stylidio dunlopiano affinis a qua differt faucis appendicibus fimbriatis et omni specibus tropicis. Typus: Peter Lacy’s camp, 73 km WNW of Mount Elizabeth homestead, Kimberley, (16°00' 125° 20') Western Australia, August 1993, M.D. Barrett 230 ( holo : PERTH 04171837; iso: MEL). Annual herb to 30 cm high. Leaves in a basal rosette, petiolate, up to 10 mm long, c. 0.6 mm wide, lamina glabrous, oblanceolate, 5-20 mm long, 2-7 mm wide, margins hyaline. Inflorescence of many racemes, glabrous. Bracts subulate, 1-2 mm long. Hypanthium sessile, linear, 25-50 mm long, 0. 6-0.7 mm diam. at anthesis, a little glandular at apex, the remainder with a few scattered sessile 426 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Figure I. Stylidiumjimbriatum A - flowering plant, B-Ieaf, C- hypanthium showing fusion of sepals into two lobes, D - corolla tube showing labellum on sinus, E-corolla, F- corolla showing fimbriate throat appendages, G-adaxial view ofcolumn and anthers showing hinged portion (dotted) immediately below anthers and the sensitive torosus (stippled). Scale bar= I mm. A. Lowrie and K.F. Kenneally, Stylidiumfimbriatum, a new tropical species from the Kimberley 427 glands. Sepals fused together to form 2 lobes, 1.5-2 mm long. Corolla lobes pink, vertically paired, abaxial surface a little glandular; anterior lobes elliptic, c. 3.5 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, apex emarginate; posterior lobes obovate, c. 5.5 mm long, c. 2.5 mm wide, apex 2-lobed. Corolla throat yellow, covered with sessile glands, bordered by a white margin; throat appendages yellow, fimbriate, c. 1.5 mm long, erect, attached to the base of the posterior lobes near the rim of the throat. Labellum oblanceolate, c. 0.6 mm long, c. 0.2 mm wide, apical point c. 0.4 mm long, attached to the base of the corolla tube sinus. Gynostemium strap-like, c. 10 mm long, hinged below the anthers, with a dilated cunabulum bearing folded and erect lateral wings that shroud the anthers in the set position above the sensitive torosus. Capsule linear, similar in size and shape to the hypanthium at anthesis. Seeds pale orange, c. 0.2 mm long. Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Bachsten Creek, 3 August 1994, K. Coate 328 (PERTH); July 1994, M. Hancock 14 (PERTH). Distribution. Gardner Botanical District, Northern Botanical Province (Beard 1980), restricted to the Bachsten Creek area on the southern boundary of the Prince Regent River Nature Reserve. Ecology. In seasonally wet herbfields on sandy soils adjacent to creeks. Flowering period. July-August. Conservation status. CALM Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora: Priority One - Poorly Known Taxa. This species is currently known from the one locality. Further collecting in this area may provide other localities. Etymology. The specific epithet alludes to the fimbriate throat appendages. Discussion The nearest relative to Stylidiumfimbriatum is S. dunlopianum Carlquist because of its similar leafy rosette, inflorescence, linear hypanthium and capsule, gynostemium and sepals fused into 2 lobes. S. fimbriatum is differentiated from S. dunlopianum and all other known tropical triggerplant species by the prominent fimbriate throat appendages. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Mathew and Russell Barrett of Beverley Springs Station for bringing this species to our attention and Kevin Coate and Mary Hancock for collecting additional material from the same locality. We thank Paul Wilson for his assistance with the latin diagnosis. References Armbruster, W. S. etal.{ 1994). Floral character displacement generates assemblage structure of Western Australian triggerplants C Stylidium ). Ecology 75(2): 315-329. Beard, J.S. (1980). A new phytogeographic map of Western Australia. Western Australian Herbarium Res. Notes No. 3: 37-58. 428 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Nuytsia 10 (3): 429-435 (1996) 429 Wurmbea saccata (Colchicaceae), a lepidopteran-pollinated new species from Western Australia T.D. Macfarlane 1 and S.J. van Leeuwen 2 'Western Australian Herbarium, C /- Manjimup Research Centre, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Brain Street, Manjimup, Western Australia6258 department of Conservation and Land Management, Science and Information Division, PO Box 835, Karratha. Western Australia 6714 Abstract Macfarlane, T.D. and van Leeuwen, S.J. Wurmbea saccata (Colchicaceae), a lepidopteran- pollinated new species from Western Australia. Nuytsia 10 (3): 429-435 (1996). Wurmbea saccata is described as new and illustrated with drawings and a photograph. It occurs in an apparently limited area of the remote Barlee Range Nature Reserve, south east of Onslow, Western Australia. The tepal nectaries are concealed in pouches formed by the lower part of each tepal and its adjacent staminal filament, a feature unique in the genus. The plants are commonly visited by unidentified day-flying lepidoptera. The new species is closely related to W. densiflora (Benth.) T.D. Macfarlane. Introduction In August 1993 one of us (S.v. L.) made one of the first biological investigations of the Barlee Range Nature Reserve since its reservation in 1969. This nature reserve includes the steep escarpments known as the Barlee Range and the impressive gorges along Kookhabinna Creek. This remote reserve is located south east of Onslow and is about 180 km from the north west coast of Western Australia. The area is transitional between the Gascoyne region to the south and the Pilbara region to the north. A species of Wurmbea Thunb. (Colchicaceae) was discovered there and collected, in fruit. On a second visit in June 1994, it was found in flower, more detailed observations were made, and fresh material was sent to the first author. Wurmbea saccata T.D. Macfarlane & S.J. van Leeuwen, sp. nov. (Figures 1-2) W. densiflorae (Benth.) T.D. Macfarlane affinis sed tubo perianthii longiore (1.6-2 mm longo), nectario singulari per tepalum in saccis nectariferis (ungue tepali et filamento staminis formato) occulto, stylis plerumque liberis differt. Typus: Barlee Range Nature Reserve, 18.2 km SE of Wongida Well, 16.2 km W of Culcra Bore, 17.8 km SW of Wongajerra Well, Barlee Range, Western Australia, 23° 06' 37" S, 1 15° 58' 02" E, 23 June 1994, S. van Leeuwen 1846 ( holo : PERTH 02664798; iso: CANB, K, KARR, MEL, NY, PRE). 430 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 1 996) Conn compressed spherical to ellipsoid, 2-2.5 cm long including tunics, 6.5-13.5 cm below ground. Plant robust, 10-30 cm tall from ground to top of inflorescence. Cataphyll well developed, rather fleshy, white except for the pink, slightly exposed, pointed apex. Leaves usually 3, occasionally 4. Lowest leaf basal, ascending, sometimes curved outwards, narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic to linear, 6-15 cm long, 3-14 mm wide, concave (appearing flat when dried), not dilated basally. Second leaf basal or cauline and separated from the lowest leaf by a usually short internode up to 6 cm long, rarely with an internode up to 1 1 cm long, resembling the lowest leaf but slightly shorter and narrower, 3-14 mm wide, or when cauline, having a somewhat dilated base and then often wider than the lowest leaf. Third leaf well separated from the second leaf, and attached well below the inflorescence, markedly dilated in the lower half, narrow in the upper half and tapering to an acute apex, reaching from 4 cm below the lowest flower to 3 cm above the uppermost flower. Fourth leaf when present, resembling the third or much smaller and narrower. Inflorescence dense and compact although usually the flowers becoming well spaced as the fruit develops, of 5-14 fully developed bisexual flowers, plus a cluster of approximately 1-3 reduced or vestigial flowers at the apex. Flowers pale pink, often darker around the base externally, or sometimes all flowers on the plant pure white, sweetly scented. Perianth of 6 tepals, 12-13 mm long, joined basally by linking tissue to form a tube 1 .6-2 mm long; lobes spreading in the distal part, broadly elliptic to obovate, with apex rounded to obtuse, the lower part narrow, concave on the inner surface; nectary pouches formed by the margins of the concave lower part of each tepal being adnate to the opposite stamina! filament, 2. 2-2. 6 mm long, extending slightly above the top of the perianth tube; in exterior view the tepals in their basal half (comprising the external part of the nectary pouches) markedly raised, rounded, separated by deep grooves the base of which consists of the linking tissue of the perianth tube; nectary situated at the base of the tepal, consisting of an irregular glandular thickening occupying the bottom of the pouch, concolorous with the remainder of the tepal. Stamens 6, 3/4 as long as the tepals, exserted at the top of the flower owing to the spreading of the tepals, erect; filaments tapering gradually, rather thick, inserted at the base of the tepal and partially adnate to it, each then adnate to the margins of the adjacent tepal for 2-3 mm to form a nectar pouch, concolorous with the perianth; anthers obloid, 2-2.5 mm long, yellow with or without red flecks or red, versatile, basifixed ordorsifixed up to 1/4 from base of connective, dehiscing latrorsely by longitudinal slits. Ovary obloid, c. 2 mm long, pink or green with pink flush, sharply delimited from the styles; ovules 8 -10 per loculus; styles 3, free or connate up to 1/4 of their length, exceptionally to 1/3, c. 6.5 mm long, erect, white, with minute terminal stigmas which at anthesis are at anther level. Capsule loculicidal, at first opening in the upper 1/5, subsequently opening further. Seeds up to 10 per loculus, spherical, often with flattened faces from contact with adjacent seeds, c. 1.5 mm diameter, smooth, brown, with the raphe raised as a ridge extending around half the circumference, and a small umbo near the micropylar end. Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA; (all Barlee Range Nature Reserve, Barlee Range): 23° 06' 36" S, 1 15° 57' 55” E, 17 Aug. 1993, S. van Leeuwen 1674 (CANB, MEL, NSW, KARR, PERTH (2 sheets and spirit), PRE, S); 23° 07' 46" S, 1 15° 58' 51" E, 18 June 1994, 5. van Leeuwen 1765 (KARR, PERTH); 23° 07' 38” S, 1 15° 59' 31" E, 20 June 1994,5. van Leeuwen 1785 (KARR, PERTH); 23° 07' 46" S, 1 15° 59' 06" E, 20 June 1994,5. van Leeuwen 1786 (KARR, PERTH); 23° 07' 46" S, 1 15248 58' 51" E, 20 June 1994,5. van Leeuwen 1787 (KARR, PERTH including spirit, S); 23° 08' 05" S, 1 15° 51' 57" E, 20 June 1994, 5. van Leeuwen 1788 (KARR, PERTH); 23° 08’ 12" 5, 1 15° 58' 30" E, 20 June 1994, 5. van Leeuwen 1789 (KARR, PERTH). Distribution. Current knowledge of this species indicates that it is very restricted in distribution, being known only from an area about 4 km long in the isolated Barlee Range. The plants occur in creek lines, and have been found in three creeks, two of which are joined. Other creeks in the area lack W. saccata. Several populations of the species are known, ranging from a few hundred plants to an estimated several hundred thousand plants. T.D. Macfarlane and S.J. van Leeuwen, Wurmbea saccata 431 Figure 1. Wurmbea .saccata A - detached flower (x3.2), B -flower opened out, interiorview (x3.2), C-floweropenedout, exterior view (x3.2), D -gynoecium (x3.2), E-atepal, interiorview (x2.8), F- atepal,exteriorview, with filament displaced and detached from edge of tepal to show nectary (arrowed) at base of pouch (x3.2), G - transverse section of flower through middle of nectary pouches, diagrammatic. Stippling indicates tissue solely derived from the tepals (x8.4). From S. van Leeuwen 1 846 (holotype). A-F drawn by K. Syme, G by T.D. Macfarlane. 432 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Habitat. Growing in a range of sandstone hills, confined to the beds of ephemeral creeks, the nearby lower slopes, and the margins of rock pools, in red gritty or silty soil, sometimes with pebble or rock content, or occasionally in black to dark grey soil with high organic matter content. The vegetation is an open to dense shrub layer of Acacia or Melaleuca species with occasional trees of two Eucalyptus species, lower shrub layer of Dodonaea, Plectranthus or Stemodia species, and a herb layer or open tall herbaceous layer of Cyperus vaginatus. Wurmbea saccata occurs in both open and sheltered places. The species occurs in the arid zone, in which the rainfall is low and irregular. Flowering and fruiting periods. Winter flowering, and probably responsive to irregular rainfall. Flowering has been observed 18-23 June. Fruiting has been observed on 17 August. Figure 2. Wurmbea saccata habit. Photograph by S.J. vanLeeuwen. T.D. Macfarlane and S.J. van Leeuwen, Wurmbea saccata 433 Conservation status. Although Wurmbea saccata appears on current knowledge to be highly geographically restricted, and is apparently dependent on habitats where there is rainfall runoff, insufficient searching has been carried out to determine whether the species occurs in adjacent ranges in the region. In view of this, and the fact that it occurs in a Nature Reserve with no obvious threats, and with large numbers of individuals in several populations, we will be recommending to the appropriate committee that it be classified as a species of Conservation Code Priority Three (see end of this journal for details of Conservation Codes). Etymology. The epithet saccata is from the Latin saccatus, meaning pouched or saccate, in reference to the nectary pouches. Discussion. Wurmbea saccata is unique in the genus in having nectar pouches, which have been observed full of nectar. In most species of the genus, the nectaries are exposed and are situated on the perianth lobes, the nectar appearing as a drop on the nectary. This occurs even when the species has a pronounced perianth tube as in W. tubulosa Benth., W. drummondii Benth., W. odorata T.D. Macfarlane and several African species of the genus (Nordenstam 1986). The nectary is often morphologically elaborated, the function of which may be to help hold the nectar drop, or it may be a thickening in consequence of the development of glandular tissue. The nectary itself (in Australian species) or part of the tepal adjacent to it (in some African species) is often differentially coloured, presumably as a pollinator attractant. In IV. saccata, however, the nectaries are concealed at the bases of the pouches, are poorly differentiated morphologically, and are concolorous with the perianth. The copious nectar production is contained by the pouch, but remains hidden. In one other species, the Western Australian VV. densiflora, the nectaries are somewhat hidden and occur near the base of the lobes but there is no development of a pouch. Nordenstam (1986) described the perianth of three African taxa of Wurmbea as shortly spurred or subcalcarate at the base, but this does not involve the nectaries and thus seems to be a different phenomenon from nectary pouch formation. In VV. saccata the pouches are, like spurs, manifest externally, but the perianth is not spurred, there being no extension of the perianth below the point of its insertion on the axis. Wurmbea saccata is most closely related to W. densiflora. They are similar in overall appearance, having dense inflorescences of pink flowers (sometimes white in VV. saccata) of a similar shape. The tepals of both species are relatively broad, the nectaries are basal on the tepals, inconspicuous in colouring, and either partly or fully concealed, the anthers are more exposed (almost exserted) than in most other members of the genus, comparatively large and predominantly yellow, and the lower leaves are comparatively broad. Both species occur in relatively arid areas but their ranges are well separated, VV. densiflora being more southerly. Wurmbea saccata differs from W. densiflora in having nectary pouches, a single nectary rather than two separate ones on each tepal, a longer perianth tube and usually free styles (although they are sometimes partially connate as is consistently the case in VV. densiflora). General discussion Concealment of nectar in narrow, deep pouches, copious nectar production and exposed sexual organs are all aspects of a pollination syndrome associated with Lepidoptera (Armstrong 1979). This is consistent with our observation of numerous individuals of two unidentified species of Lepidoptera visiting the flowers of Wurmbea saccata. These were the most common visitors to the flowers. They may have been butterflies or day-flying moths, but further identification must await another expedition 434 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 1 996) to the site (unfortunately no equipment was available for collecting the insects during either of the expeditions to date). The pollinators of Wurmbea species are little known (Nordenstam 1986), but in southern mesic parts of Australia they are believed to be flies of the order Diptera (Macfarlane 1980). On morphological grounds too, it seems unlikely that other Wurmbea species in either Australia or Africa, with the possible exception of W. densiflora (see above), are primarily Lepidopteran- pollinated. Wurmbea saccata is therefore an exceptional species, the first in the genus to be reported as pollinated by Lepidoptera. According to Keighery (1982), pollination of plants by Lepidoptera is rare in the Australian arid zone. He stated that plants with narrow tubular flowers which are often primarily pollinated by Lepidoptera outside the arid zone are often pollinated by bee flies (Bombyliidae) within the zone. Examples cited of generacontaining such species were Calytrix (Myrtaceae), Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae) and Stenopetalum (Brassicaceae). Our observations indicate that flower-visiting Lepidoptera occur in the Barlee Range, that they visit Wurmbea saccata, and at the time of the observations of that species reported here, the Lepidoptera were the major group of insects visiting its flowers. It is possible that Bombyliid Diptera were among the minor visitors which were seen, and that they may at times be common, or even dominant, visitors (see Armstrong 1979, p. 474). Further observations would be of interest, and we plan to collect samples of insect visitors for identification and to test our theories regarding the nature of pollination in W. saccata. The postulated close relationship between Wurmbea saccata and W. densiflora is of interest because previously the latter species has been regarded as rather isolated taxonomically (Macfarlane 1980). One reason for this was that it was formerly thought to lack nectaries, although it was subsequently (Macfarlane 1987) found from observation of fresh material that they were present but poorly differentiated, concolorous, unusually close to the tepal base and somewhat concealed. These nectary features are shared with W. saccata, with the additional development in the latter species of a nectary pouch. Therefore, it can be speculated that during the evolution of W. saccata from an ancestor resembling W. densiflora, the tepal margins became adnate to the adjacent staminal filament, thus forming the nectary pouch as part of a shift of pollination vector. Although Wurmbea densiflora was regarded as taxonomically isolated, its isolation had not been considered by Macfarlane (1980) to be of sufficient magnitude to justify separation at either infrageneric or generic level because of its similarity to other species in many important features. The discovery of W. saccata, regarded here as a close relative of IV. densiflora, does not affect the situation even though a pair or more of species may sometimes be given greater weight than single species for taxonomic separation. This is particularly so when, as in this case, the major character differentiating W. densiflora from the majority of other Australian Wurmbea species, namely the presence or absence of a nectary, is now known to have been misinterpreted. Acknowledgements Wurmbea saccata was discovered during the biological survey of the Barlee Range Nature Reserve in August 1993, which was funded by the Heritage Council of Western Australia through the National Estates Grant Program (Project N92/5). Thanks are due to Robert Bromilow, Michael Hughes, Peter Kendrick and Phil Fuller for field assistance and for locating some of the populations of the new species, to Katie Syme for her drawings, and to Paul Wilson for translating the diagnosis into Latin. T.D. Macfarlane and S.J. van Leeuwen, Wurtnbea saccata 435 References Armstrong, J.A. (1979). Biotic pollination mechanisms in the Australian flora -a review. New Zealand J. Bot. 17: 467-508. Keighery, G.J. (1982). Pollination syndromes and breeding systems of Western Australian arid zone plants. In: Barker, W.R. & Greenslade, P J M , (eds) “Evolution of the Flora and Faunaof Arid Australia.” pp. 167-1 72. (Peacock Publications: Frewville.) Macfarlane, T.D. (1980). A revision of Wurtnbea (Liliaceae) in Australia. Brunonia3: 145-208. Macfarlane, T.D. ( 1 987). Wunnbea. In: “Flora of Australia.” 45: 387-484. (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.) Nordenstam, B. (1986). The genus Wurmfoea (Colchicaceae) in the Cape Region. Op. Bot. 87: 1-41. 436 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 1 996) Nuytsia 10(3): 437-441 (1996) 437 Eucalyptus semota (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Ashburton District of Western Australia C.J. Macpherson 1 and P.M. Grayling 2 'ecologia Environmental Consultants, 1 65 Walcott Street, Mount Lawley, Western Australia 6050 department of Botany, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Abstract Macpherson, C.J. and Grayling, P.M. Eucalyptus semota (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Ashburton District of Western Australia. Nuytsia 10 (3): 437-441 (1996). A new species is described from a few populations near Marymia Hill, north-east of Meekatharra. It is related to Eucalyptus blaxellii L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill, from which it differs mainly in habit, bark and juvenile leaf morphology. Introduction This paper contains the formal description of a new species of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) with a restricted occurrence near the south-western edge of the Little Sandy Desert in Western Australia. This species was discovered in 1991 and has subsequently been mentioned in two publications (Brooker & Hopper 1993, Brooker & Kleinig 1994). In addition to the morphological description of the species, this paper refers to a chemo-taxonomic study (P. Grayling, unpublished), which demonstrates similarities between E. semota and E. blaxellii L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill and differences between these species and the closely related E. loxophleba Benth. sens. lat. Eucalyptus semota C.J. Macpherson & Grayling, sp. nov. Eucalyptus sp. M of Brooker & Hopper (1993); E. sp. NN of Brooker & Kleinig (1994). Typus: 4 km SW of Marymia Hill, Western Australia, 25°07'242"S, 1 19°44'233"E, altitude 630 m, 5 August 1992, C.J. Macpherson 1 (holo: PERTH 04170547; iso: CANB, K, NSW). Eucalypto blaxellii L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill aft inis a qua statura superiore, cortice non- decorticanto et foliis juvenilibus majoribus differt. A mallee or low branching tree to 10 m, more commonly 6-8 m. Bark pale grey, fibrous for 1-2 m, becoming loosely held and shed in ribbons, then smooth, dark to pale grey over pink to coppery 438 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) on upper trunks and branches. Branchlets red to orange; pith glandular. Seedling stem tuberculate, square in cross-section. Cotyledons bisected. Juvenile leaves petiolate, decussate, opposite for 4-5 pairs, broadly lanceolate, up to 13x3 cm, dull, green. Adult leaves petiolate, alternate, linear to narrowly lanceolate or falcate, 5-11 x 0.5- 1.2 cm, concolorous, glossy, dark green, lateral veins regular, at 20-40° to the midrib, reticulation sparse, with numerous round to irregular island oil glands of varying sizes. Inflorescences axillary, unbranched, 7-13-flowered. Peduncles flattened, up to 7 mm long. Buds pedicellate, spherical, ovoid or obloid, 4-7 x 4-5 mm, operculum scar present. Operculum hemispherical, shorter than hypanthium, red when mature. Flowers white. Stamens indexed, all fertile, relatively few. Anthers versatile, basifixed, cuboid. Style base sub-versatile, arising from a cavity in the ovary roof. Fruit pedicellate, obconical to cupular, 5x6 mm; rim thin; disc steeply descending; valves 3(4), enclosed. Seed dark brown, compressed-ovoid to cuboid, with shallow, distinct reticulum; hilum ventral. (Figure 1) Selected specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 4.5 km SW of Marymia Hill, 7 July 1991, C.J. Macpherson 3 (PERTH); 6 km SW of Marymia Hill, 5 August 1992, C.J. Macpherson 4 (PERTH); 10.8 km SW of Marymia Hill, 5 August 1992, C.J. Macpherson 5 (PERTH), 4 km SW of Marymia Hill, 30 September 1994, C.J. Macpherson 2 (PERTH); 17.3 km E of Great Northern Highway on track to Ned’s Creek, 7 August 1992, M.E. Lawrence 1808 (PERTH). Distribution and habitat. Known from three disjunct populations within 15 km of Marymia Hill, and a fourth population approximately 71 km south-south-west of Marymia Hill, 17.3 km east of Great Northern Highway. All populations occur on pallid zone clay below lateritic mesa caps, with some continuation into drainage lines immediately below. E. semota forms a sparse to open overstorey in association with Acacia aneura and A. pruinocarpa, with various Acacia, Eremophila and chenopod species common in the sparse understorey. (Figure 2) Flowering Period. September-October. Conservation status. Geographically restricted. The total number of plants in the four known populations is estimated to be 2700. The species is not known within a conservation reserve. It is recommended that this species be listed as Priority 1 or 2, CALM Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora. Etymology. From the Latin, semotus, meaning remote, referring to the geographic isolation of known populations of this species from all other members of Eucalyptus series Loxophlebae. Notes. The presence of two separately-shed opercula and bisected cotyledons place E. semota in the extracodical subgenus Symphomyrtus , section Bisectaria of Pryor and Johnson (1971). The presence of oil glands in the pith of branchlets, the relatively few stamens, which are completely inflexed in bud and which retain a distinct ‘elbow’ after anthesis, place this taxon in Eucalyptus series Loxophlebae. This small series consists of the widespread E. loxophleba and two other relatively rare taxa, E. articulata Brooker & Hopper and E. blaxelMi. E. loxophleba comprises subsp. loxophleba, subsp. lissophloia L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill, subsp. supralaevis L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill and subsp. gratiae Brooker. Although subsp. gratiae was recently elevated to E. gratiae (Brooker) L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill, an extensive study (P. Grayling, unpublished) of series Loxophlebae based on morphology and leaf-oil analysis shows that species status for this taxon is not appropriate. Subspecies status is recommended in the present study. C.J. Macpherson and P.M. Grayling , Eucalyptus semota 439 Figure 1 . Eucalyptus semota buds, fruit and adult leaves (scale 1 cm = 2.5 mm). 440 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Figure 2. Distribution of Eucalyptus semota. The seedling leaves of E. semota distinguish it from all other members of the series. E. blaxellii and E. semota both have broadly lanceolate seedling leaves, but those of E. blaxellii are considerably smaller, while those of E. articulata and E. loxophleba are ovate to orbicular. In other characters E. semota shows greatest overall resemblance to E. blaxellii, particularly in its bud and adult-leaf morphology, although it differs considerably in its bark and habit. The articulate style base is common to E. articulata, E. blaxellii and E. semota and is absent or less pronounced in E. loxophleba. The ester 4-methyl-2-pentyl acetate (MPA) is a constituent of the essential oil in the leaves and inflorescences of members of Eucalyptus series Loxophlebae (Boland et al. 1991, Grayling & Knox 1991) and in three other relatively unrelated species in E. section Bisectaria, E. ink: rant her a F. Muell., E. stricklandii Maiden and E. effusa Brooker. No other natural occurrences of the chemical have been reported. In E. loxophleba, while there is considerable tree to tree variation in the composition of essential oils in leaves and flower buds (P. Grayling, unpublished), MPA is usually one of the major constituents. It is present in the leaves of many interspecific hybrids involving E. loxophleba, and is therefore considered to be a useful taxonomic marker for that species. MPA has not been detected in the leaves of E. semota, E. articulata and E. blaxellii, though minute quantities have been found in the flower-buds. In this regard these three species differ markedly from E. loxophleba and interspecific hybrids of E. loxophleba. C.J. Macpherson and P.M. Grayling, Eucalyptus semota 441 Acknowledgements The contribution of Resolute Resources Ltd., who provided logistical support during a number of field trips, is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Margaret Lawrence for her contribution to the location of additional populations, Paul Wilson for his assistance with the Latin description, Ellen Hickman for the illustrations, Maureen Wells for the map and Ian Brooker for suggesting the specific name and the taxonomic affinities of the species. We are grateful to Dr Sid James for his support and encouragement throughout P. Grayling’s postgraduate studies, which have been supported also by an Australian Postgraduate Research Award. References Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J. & House, A.P.N. (1991). “Eucalyptus Leaf Oils: Use, Chemistry, Distillation and Marketing.” (Inkata Press: Melbourne.) Brooker, M.I.H. & Hopper, S.D. (1993). New series, subseries and subspecies of Eucalyptus { Myrtaceae) from Western Australia and from South Australia. Nuytsia9: 1-68. Brooker, M.I.H. &Kleinig, D.A. (1994). “Field Guide to Eucalypts, Volume 3, Northern Australia.” (InkataPress: Melbourne.) Grayling, P.M. & Knox, J.R. (1991). (R)-4-methyl-2-pentyl acetate from Eucalyptus loxophleba. J. Natural Products 54:295-297. Pryor, L.D. & Johnson, L.A.S. (1971). “A Classification of the Eucalypts.” (Australian National University Press: Canberra.) 442 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Nuytsia 10 (3): 443-449 (1996) 443 Acacia thomsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Acacia section Juliflorae ), a new species from the tropical dry zone of Australia B.R. Maslin 1 and M.W. McDonald 2 'Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, Western Australia 61 52 2 CSIRO, Division of Forestry, Australian Tree Seed Centre, PO Box 4008, Queen Victoria Terrace, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600 Abstract Acacia thomsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Acacia section Juliflorae ), a new species from the tropical dry zone of Australia. Nuytsia 10 (3): 443-449 (1996). Acacia thomsonii Maslin & M.W. McDonald, a new species with seed that has potential as a human food resource, is described and illustrated. It is discontinuous within the tropical dry zone of Australia, extending from northeast Western Australia, through Northern Territory to northwest Queensland. In the past A. thomsonii was confused with A. cowleana Tate but is most closely allied to A. colei Maslin & L.A.J. Thomson. Introduction The new species from northern Australia described here as Acacia thomsonii was first recognized, as A. sp. aff. cowleana, by Thomson (1992). Thomson’s paper appeared as a contribution to the proceedings of a Workshop convened by the Australian Tree Seed Centre (CSIRO, Division of Forestry) to investigate the potential of Acacia seeds as a source of human food (House and Harwood 1 992). As part of an overall research strategy the Workshop identified the need to clarify the taxonomy of species considered to have greatest food potential, namely, A. colei Maslin & L.A.J. Thomson (1992), A. cowleana Tate and A. tumida F. Muell. Acacia sp. aff. cowleana was noted by Thomson (1992) as having unique attributes for human food production due its high fecundity and occurrence on harsh, stony sites. Further information on the potential of Australian dry-zone acacias suitable for multipurpose use, including human food production, is given in Harwood (1994) and Thomson et al. (1994). Acacia thomsonii, A. colei and A. cowleana belong to Acacia section Juliflorae (Benth.) Maiden & Betche and this group appears to be most closely related to A. leptoccirpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. and A. longispicata Pedley. These species, together with a number of other relatives noted in Maslin & Thomson (1992) predominate in the tropical and subtropical arid zones of Australia and are characterized by having spicate inflorescences, phyllodes with numerous longitudinal nerves (often with anastomoses between the main nerves), and thinly textured pods containing seeds commonly with bright yellow arils. Acacia cowleana is currently under review by the authors and will be shown as comprising more than one species; in the present paper we use the name A. cowleana in its broad sense (which includes A. oligophleba Pedley). 444 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Description Acacia thomsonii Maslin & M.W. McDonald, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Frutex vel abor 2-6 m alta. Ramuli sericei. Surculi novi ab initio strato resinaceo pallido aeneo vel fuscenti (nec visco) incrustati qui indumento occulto. Phyllodia oblanceolata vel anguste oblongo- elliptica, rotundo-obtusa vel sub-acuta, 7.5-17 cm longa, 1-2 cm lata, plerumque ± recta vel leviter falcata, sparsim vel modice sericea; nervi longitudinales numerosi, tribus (vel interdum duobus) plus manifesti, nervis minoribus 2-4 per mm, sparsim anastomosantibus. Inflorescentiae: racemi binati maxime deminuti; axis racemo vestigialis, ad 0.5 mm longus. Pedunculi (2)3-7(8) mm longi. Spicae 15-30 mm longae, aureae; bracteolae inconspicuae. Flores 5-meri. Calyx longitudine 1/4- 1/3 corollae partes aequans, gamosepalus. Petala glabra. Legumina linearia, recta vel leviter curvata, (35)45-80(100) mm longa, 3-4(4.5) mm lata, firme vel tenuiter chartacea, ± glabra. Semina longitudinalia, ± oblonga, (3)3. 5-4(5) mm longa, 2-2.5 mm lata, atro fusca vel nigra; arillus plerumque laete llavus. Typus: 19 km due NE of Halls Creek township, 4.5 km S of Great Northern Highway on minor road to Old Halls Creek, Western Australia, 4 July 1993, B.R. Maslinl300 ( holo : PERTH; iso: BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NY). Shrub or small tree 2-6 m tall and to 3 m across, often ± spindly, crowns rather open with phyllodes confined to the upper portion of the branches, normally sparingly divided at or near ground level with stems c. 2-4.5 cm dbh, occasionally single-boled with dbh to 10 cm, roadside plants may have up to 6 main stems from ground level and rather bushy crowns. Bark thin, smooth except slightly longitudinally fissured at the base of main stems, grey. New shoots at initiation encrusted with a layer of light bronze or brownish resin (not viscid) which obscures the underlying indumentum (at this stage the yellowish apical mucro of the phyllodes is clearly differentiated and is invested with a mixture of silvery white and minute, light reddish brown resin hairs), upon expansion of the phyllodes a sericeous indumentum of silvery hairs (interspersed with light reddish brown resin hairs) becomes evident on the lower half of the blades with the brownish resin coating confined to the upper half of the blades, subsequently the resin coating is lost and the indumentum becomes confined to the region between the nerves. Branchlets ± straight, terete but often angled towards extremities, finely ribbed (ribs yellow, obvious immediately below insertion of phyllodes, soon obscure), orange to orange-brown, moderately to densely sericeous with closely appressed, silvery white hairs (occasionally interspersed with sparse red-brown resin hairs). Stipules sub-persistent to caducous, scarious, triangular, rarely oblong-triangular, 1-1.5 mm long, resinous, sparsely to moderately hairy. Phyllodes mostly slightly but discernibly asymmetric with lower margin ± straight and upper margin shallowly convex, sometimes a few (especially young phyllodes) symmetric with both margins shallowly convex, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 7.5-17 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, 5-11 times long as wide, coriaceous, ± straight to shallowdy falcately recurved, occasionally shallowly recurved at apex only, patent to ascending, green to grey-green with a slight to obvious silvery sheen (due to the indumentum, most apparent in sunlight), sparsely to moderately sericeous with closely appressed, silvery w'hite hairs; longitudinal nerves numerous with 3 (occasionally only 2) main nerves yellow'ish and more evident that the rest, the uppermost main nerve normally less pronounced than the lower two, remaining separate from them at the base and commonly very inconspicuous towards the apex, the lower two main nerves running together at the base but not confluent with the lower margin, secondary venation not prominent with nerves 2-4 per mm and anastomoses few but consistently present; marginal nerves discrete, yellow; apices rounded-obtuse to sub-acute, mucronate, the mucro a discrete, rounded or triangular, glabrous to sub-glabrous, callose point, yellow (aging brown); base B.K. Maslin and M.W. McDonald, Acacia thompsonii 445 Figure 1 . Acacia thomsonii A - portion of flowering branchlet, B - single phyllode showing detail of nervature, C - seed, D - pod. A from B.R. Maslin 7300 (CANB, isotype ); B - D from L. Thomson LXT 1232B (PERTH) slightly unequal, gradually narrowed toward the pulvinus, pulvinus 3-6 mm long, finely transversely wrinkled, sparsely to densely hairy, yellow, orange or brownish. Gland situated on upper margin of phyllode at distal end of pulvinus, somewhat prominent, oblong-elliptic, 0.7- 1.0 mm long, c. 0.7 mm wide, pore distinct and ± narrowly oblong, lip yellow and slightly raised. Inflorescences extremely reduced binate racemes, the vestigial raceme axis to 0.5 mm long and commonly terminated by a vegetative bud. Peduncles (2)3-7(8) mm long, normally sparsely sericeous with silvery- white, appressed hairs (sometimes interspersed with scattered reddish resin hairs) which are commonly densest towards base of the peduncle, occasionally glabrous or densely sericeous, ± finely longitudinally ridged when dry; basal peduncular bracts sub-persistent or caducous, scarious, ± oblong and slightly narrowed towards the rounded apex, c. 2 mm long, brown, sericeous, abaxially sessile. Spikes 15-30 mm long, the flowers sub-densely arranged, light- to mid-golden, receptacles glabrous,- longitudinally and irregularly ridged when dry. Rracteoles spathulate, inconspicuous, 0.7 mm long (equalling calyx), brown. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 0.5 mm long, 1/4- 1/3 length of corolla, very shallowly disected with broad sinuses and broadly triangular, minutely ciliolate lobes; calyx tube nerveless and glabrous to sparsely, ± appressed hairy, truncate base. Petals 1 .5 mm long, erect or slightly spreading, acute, nerveless, glabrous. Ovary very densely hairy, sessile. Pods linear, straight to shallowly curved, (35)45-80(100) mm long, 3-4(4.5) mm wide, firmly chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, may persist on receptacle upon dehiscence, moderately to prominently raised over seeds and slightly to moderately constricted between (occasional deep constrictions occur on some pods), red-brown to rich dark brown, glabrous to sparsely hairy with straight, appressed minute hairs (not visible to unaided eye), normally finely and sparingly ± longitudinally wrinkled or nerved when dry, acute, marginal nerves narrow and commonly yellowish, stipe 3-5 mm long. Seeds longitudinal in pod with the aril facing apex of pod, ± oblong, (3)3. 5-4(5) mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, glossy, very dark 446 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) brown to black, compressed (c. 1 mm thick); pleurogram very fine, open at the hilar end; areole narrowly oblong, 2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; hilum apical, elevated; lens linear; funicle gradually expanded into the aril; aril conspicuous, bright yellow (rarely white or yellow and white), with 2-3 folds at the funicle end. Selected specimens examined (all PERTH unless otherwise stated). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Rock Hole Creek, 1 8° 17'S, I27°35'E, C.E. Harwood 295; 1 km N along Old Stone Hut road, 18.8 km NE of Halls Creek, 18° 07'S, 127° 48'E, C.E. Harwood &M. McDonald CEH 379; Moola Bulla Station, W of Halls Creek, 18°12'S 127°26'E, C.E. Harwood & M. McDonald CEH 382-384; 16 km SW of Halls Creek on Great Northern Highway (0. 1 km NE of turnoff to Carranya Station at Koongie Park), 18°19'22"S, 127°33'20"E, B.R. Maslin 7157 & 7303; “China Wall”, 7 km due E of Halls Creek, 18°15'01"S, 127°43'22"E, B.R. Maslin 7294 (NSW, PERTH); 15 km W of Kununurra on highway to Wyndham, 15°46'20"S, 128 0 38’05"E, B.R. Maslin & M. McDonald BRM 7492 (CANB, PERTH) and M. McDonald 1912; 1 17 km S of the Negri River crossing along the Duncan Highway, 17°5l'32"S, 128°53’33"E, M. McDonald 1937; 19.1 km N of Nicholson Station homestead, (120 km S of the Negri River crossing) along the Duncan Highway, 17°52'55 "S, 128°53'09 "E, M. McDonald 1952. NORTHERN TERRITORY: 50 km W of Wave Hill, 17°33'S 130°25'E, D. Davidson 4; Roper Bar Airstrip, 14°44'S 134°31’E; B.V. Gunn 2375, 2379, 2382 & 2383; 37 km from Roper River Bar towards Borroloola, 14°47'S. 134°39’E, B.V. Gunn 2387 & 2389; Stuart Highway at turn-off to Carpentaria Highway and at Daly Waters, 16°18’S 133°23'E, B.V. Gunn 2414, 2419, 2421, 2423, 2425, 2426 & 2427; 22 km N Daly Waters townsite turnoff on Stuart Highway, 16°05'42’’S, 133°25'59"E, B.R. Maslin, M. McDonald & G. Leach BRM 7415 (CANB, DNA, PERTH) & 7416; 4.5 km N Daly Waters townsite turnoff on Stuart Highway, 16°14’30"S, 133°24'28"E, B.R. Maslin, M. McDonald & G. Leach BRM 7420 (DNA, PERTH); 6 km N of Dunmarra Roadhouse on Stuart Highway, 16°38'19"S, 1 33°22'44"E, B.R. Maslin, M. McDonald & G. Leach BRM 7426 (DNA, PERTH) & 7430 (DNA, PERTH); 19 km S of Dunmarra Roadhouse, Stuart Highway, 16°50'48"S, 133°25'32"E, B.R. Maslin, M. McDonald & G. Leach BRM 7468 (DNA, PERTH); 1 1 8.6 km NE along the Buchanan Highway from turnoff at Duncan Highway, 17°45'39"S, 129°54’16"E, M. McDonald 1959-1962; 67 km N of Newcastle Waters turnoff on Stuart Highway, 16°46'S, 133°26'E, L. Thomson LXT 1231 A & 123 IB (BRI, DNA, PERTH); 2.4 km N of Dunmarra Roadhouse on Stuart Highway, 16°40'S, 133°24'E, L. Thomson LXT 1232A-J, K, L & M (BRI, DNA, PERTH). QUEENSLAND: 35 km E of Camooweal, 19°58'S, 138°25'E, B.V. Gunn 2469; 6.2 km E of Camooweal, M. McDonald 1928; 44.6 km E of Camooweal, 19°29'48"S, 138°31'48"E,M McDonald 1929; 13 miles SSE of Kajabbi township, 20°08'S, 140°12'E, M. Lazarides 4008. Distribution (Figure 2). Acacia thomsonii has a somewhat discontinuous but wide-ranging distribution in the dry tropical region of Australia (between latitudes 15°-20°S) from Western Australia through Northern Territory to Queensland. The most western known occurrence is on Moola Bulla Station, c. 40 km west of Halls Creek, W.A., where it occurs in relatively small, scattered populations. In Northern Territory it occurs in relatively large populations between Daly Waters and Newcastle Waters, with populations in the Roper Bar and Wave Hill Station areas. In Queensland it is known from relatively large populations in the Mt Isa region. Acacia thomsonii is adventive on disturbed sites throughout its natural range, particularly those receiving run-on watershed, such as roadsides. The occurrence of a small population of A. thomsonii near Kununurra, Western Australia may represent a recent adventive range extension. Habitat. Acacia thomsonii grows on dissected plateaux along diffuse drainage lines (often actively eroded) on low, rocky hills and on stony or sandy plains. The soils are usually skeletal, slightly acidic (pH 5. 0-6.0) and include ferruginous, sandy clay loams, reddish or brown sands or reddish brown stony B.R. Maslin and M.W. McDonald, Acacia thompsonii 447 115 " 120 c NORTHERN f, (T'cTFTA r-r A, 0 500 15 ” Kilometres / Q Port Hedland Western Australia 135 6 9 DARWIN s - j ) .;v ,0 Katherine * Daly Waters Newcastle : Waters Northern Tennant Creek o | f Territory Alice Springs Q 145 ° •• • Mt. /sa o- -O-' ' -- 0 Cloncurry TownsviHeO. Queensland Figure 2. Distribution of Acacia thomsonii. loams. Geological substrates include laterite, meta-sediments and sandstone. Low open woodlands, which may have Eucalyptus brevifolia F. Muell., E. leucophloia Brooker, E. pruinosa Schauer, E. terminalis F. Muell. or Lysiphyllum cunninghamii (Benth.) de Wit and a groundcover of grasses such as Triodia spp. or Aristida spp. predominate. Phenology. Flowers from June to mid August and mature pods develop from late September through October. Variation. Acacia thomsonii is generally quite invariate over its wide geographic range. There is, however, a tendency for Western Australian specimens to have phyllodes at the lower end of the size range (normally <12 cm long and <17 mm wide), short peduncles (mostly 3-4 mm long) and long spikes (mostly 2-3 cm). On specimens from Queensland and from around Dunmurra, N.T., the phyllode shape is sometimes similar to that of A. colei in being shallowly recurved at the apices, whereas elsewhere the phyllodes are straight or uniformly shallowly recurved over their entire length. The arils are typically bright yellow, however, in one population from north of Daly Waters, N.T. ( cf Maslin 7415 & 7416), a low percentage of the pods contained seeds with white arils or a mixture of white, yellow and piebald arils. Affinities and hybridity. In the past A. thomsonii was sometimes confused with A. cowleana sens. lat . 1 and indeed Thomson ( 1 992) suggested that it may have arisen as a hybrid involving A. cowleana and A. gonoclada. However, the new species appears to be most closely related to A. colei, with which it is sometimes sympatric. Acacia colei is most readily distinguished from A. thomsonii in the following ways: new shoots normally pale yellow sericeous and although sometimes light bronze due to sparse resin hairs, the surface is not encrusted with an obvious dark brown resin coating; phyllodes 1 We arecurrently reviewing the taxonomy of the “Acacia cowleana group” (McDonald & Maslin, in prep.). Acacia cowleana sens lat. comprises at least two species, A. cowleana (syn. 4. oligophleba Pedley) and 4. elachantha sp. nov. 448 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) wider (mostly 2-4 cm), normally more obviously tapered towards their apices, densely sericeous and more obviously reticulate; spikes 3-6.5(8) cm long; pods strongly curved. In the field A. colei is further distinguished from A. thomsonii by its denser crowns with broader, inclined to ascending, darker coloured phyllodes with a more obvious silvery sheen. Acacia elachantha (ms) is commonly sympatric with A. thomsonii and the two could be confused on account of their often superficially similar habits and phyllodes, spicate inflorescences and very similar carpological features. Acacia elachantha (ms) is most readily distinguished from A. thompsonii by its falcate phyllodes and its new shoots which are normally golden- or silvery- sericeous (not resin-encrusted). A putative hybrid, A. gonoclada x thomsonii, has been recorded from just north of Dunmarra Roadhouse in Northern Territory. It occurred as a single plant within a population of A. thomsonii (Maslin 7426, DNA & PERTH) and A. gonoclada ( Maslin 7427, PERTH) and was morphologically intermediate for phyllode shape, phyllode nervation, branchlet angularity and new shoot resinosity. Its relatively robust habit (bushy tree to 6 m tall) and its very low fecundity (several pods containing single seeds were present) support a hybrid origin for this plant (Maslin 7428, PERTH). What is assumed to be the same hybrid occurred c. 5 km north of Daly Waters (e.g. Maslin 7422, PERTH). Another putative hybrid, A. elachantha x gonoclada ( Maslin 7429 PERTH), occurred in the same population and had a facies very similar to A. thomsonii. However, it may be recognized by its glabrous or sub-glabrous branchlets, phyllodes to 25 mm wide and some seeds with white arils. Biology. Acacia thomsonii is a relatively short-lived species with a life-span of less than 10 years (Thomson 1992). It regenerates prolifically from seed following fires and favourable rainfall to form small, patchy colonies of closely-spaced seedlings. It usually produces seed precociously and in large quantities; young plants (probably no more than one year old) have been observed with relatively heavy pod crops. The phyllode glands are active during the period of pod initiation to seed dehiscence. They exude relatively large quantities of a slightly sweet, viscid nectar which is attractive to ants. Seed predation by Galahs ( Cacatua roseicapilla) during the pod maturation stage has been observed. Utilization. Acacia thompsonii is currently under evaluation for multipurpose use in dry areas of sub- Saharan Africa (Rinaudo et al. 1995). The potential of its seeds as a source of human food is also being assessed. Early results indicate that it is capable of successful establishment, rapid growth and good seed production, comparing favourably with A. cowleana, A. colei and A. tumida (Rinaudo loc.cit.). There are no definite records of Australian Aboriginal people having consumed its seeds and nutritional evaluation of the seeds as a food source has yet to be undertaken. Conservation status. Not considered rare or endangered. Etymology. Named after Dr Lex A.J. Thomson in recognition of his research on the utilization of Australian dry-zone acacias and who originally recognized A. thomsonii as a distinct entity. Common name. Thomson’s Wattle. B.R. Maslin and M.W. McDonald, Acacia thompsonii 449 Acknowledgements Lex Thomson is acknowledged for first bringing the new species to our attention and providing valuable information concerning its ecology and utilization. The heads of the Northern Territory Herbarium (DNA) and the Queensland Herbarium (BRI) are thanked for allowing access to their collections. Margaret Pieroni is thanked for preparing the illustration (Figure 1) and John Maslin for preparing the map (Figure 2). We are grateful to Paul G. Wilson for preparing the Latin description. Both the Western Australian Herbarium and the Australian Tree Seed Centre are thanked for their financial support of the project. References Harwood, C.E. (1994). Human food potential of the seeds of some Australian dry-zone Acacia species. J. Arid Environ. 27: 27-35. House, A.P.N. & Harwood, C.E. (eds) ( 1 992). “Australian Dry-zone Acacias for Human Food.” Proceedings of a workshop held at Glen Helen, Northern Territory, Australia,?- 1 0 August, 1991. (CSIRO, Division of Forestry, Australian Tree Seed Centre: Australia.) Maslin, B.R. &Thomson, L. A.J. ( 1 992). Re-appraisal of the taxonomy of Acacia holosericea, including the description of a new species, A. colei, and the reinstatement of A. neurocarpa. Austral. Syst. Bot. 5: 729-43. Rinaudo, T., Burt, M. & Harwood, C. ( 1 995). Growth and seed production of Australian Acacia species at Maradi, Niger. ACIAR Forestry Newsletter 19: 1-2. Thomson, L.A.J. (1992). Australia’s subtropical dry-zone Acacia species with human food potential, /rt. 1 House, A.P.N. & Harwood, C.E. (eds), “Australian Dry-zone Acacias for Human Food.” pp. 3-36. Proceedings of a workshop held at Glen Helen, Northern Territory, Australia, 7-10 August, 1991. (CSIRO, Division of Forestry, Australian Tree Seed Centre: Australia.) Thomson, L. A. J., Turnbull. J.W. & Maslin, B.R. (1 994). The utilization of Australian species of Acacia, with particularreference to those of the subtropical dry zone. J. Arid Environ. 27: 279-295. 450 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Nuytsia 1 0 (3):45 1 -457 (1996) 451 Granitites, a new genus of Rhamnaceae from the south-west of Western Australia B.L. Rye Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, Western Australia 6 152 Abstract Rye, B.L. Granitites, a new genus of Rhamnaceae from the south-west of Western Australia. Nuytsia 10 (3): 451-457 (1996). Granitites, a new monotypic genus in the family Rhamnaceae, is described. It is restricted to granite outcrops in the south-west of Western Australia but has a number of characteristics in common with tropical members of the family. Introduction The new genus described in this paper is a monotypic member of the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Its single species has been named twice, first under the genus Pomaderris and later under the genus Cryptandra , both times from incomplete material. It is only recently that the unique features of this species have been elucidated and the need for separate generic placement recognized. All measurements, habitat information, flowering times and other data were obtained from PERTH herbarium specimens. Taxonomy Granitites Rye, gen. nov. Flores 1 vel 2 in quoque axilla folii positi, per bracteas verticillatas plus minusve sessiles subtenti, longe pedicellati. Antherae appendicis duabis basalibus adaxialibus ornatae. Discus prominens, latus, horizontalis, ad apicem ovarii et tubum floralem discretum adnatus. Schizocarpus valde auctus, cum strato farinoso tenui infra exocarpum nigrum. Semina uniformiter colorata; arillus grandis, fere truncatus, coloratus. 452 NuytsiaVol. 10,No.3(1996) Type: Granitites intangendus (F. Muell. ex F. Muell.) Rye Shrubs with spinescent branchlets. Stipules small, free, persistent. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence of long-pedicellate flowers borne in several adjacent subterminal axils, either with distinct gaps between the leaf axils or condensed into a leafy cluster, with 1 or 2 flowers in each axil, each pedicel subtended by a whorl of several small basal bracts. Sepals 5, widely spreading at maturity. Petals 5, long-clawed; lamina hooded and enclosing an anther. Stamens 5; anther with two small adaxial appendages, one at the base of each cell. Disc very prominent, broad, horizontal, covering the summit of the ovary and adnate to the free floral tube to the insertion of the sepals and other floral whorls, with a narrow free margin, circular and slightly 5-lobed at margin with a central opening for the style. Ovary inferior at anthesis, 3-celled. Style simple, terminating in 3 short spreading stigmatic lobes. Fruit apparently a coccarium, greatly enlarged, one-third to half inferior, with a distinct rim (formed by the outer margin of the disc and floral tube) demarcating the inferior and superior portions, shortly beaked at summit, with a thin outer casing comprised of a leathery to chartaceous outer layer and mealy inner layer; fruitlets 3, crustaceous, with a small basal hole and a prominent longitudinal suture the full length of the adaxial surface, dehiscing by the adaxial suture and over the summit to about half way down the centre of the abaxial surface. Seeds uniformly coloured; aril basal, large, colourful, succulent. Distribution. Restricted to the south-west of Western Australia, occurring in the South-west Botanical Province and South-western Interzone as defined by Beard (1980). Etymology. From the modern word granite combined with the Greek ites, in the nature of (in mineral terms), in reference to the granite habitat to which the taxon is restricted. Affinities. This genus is typical of the family Rhamnaceae. Some characteristics not mentioned in the generic description because they are found in all or most members of the family are as follows: leaves petiolate, simple; flowers small; sepals valvate in bud, petal-like, with a central longitudinal ridge on adaxial surface; petals shorter than the sepals and alternating with them; stamens opposite the petals, the anther dehiscing by 2 longitudinal slits; ovules and seeds 1 per cell. Granitites has no close relatives in south-western Australia, its affinities apparently lying more with tropical genera. It is distinguished from all other genera by the combination of the following characters: flowers one or two in each leaf axil, subtended by a more or less sessile whorl of bracts, long-pedicellate; anthers with two basal adaxial appendages; disc prominent, broad, horizontal at anthesis, adnate to the ovary summit and free floral tube; fruit greatly enlarged, with a thin mealy layer below the black exocarp; seed body uniformly coloured; aril large, almost truncate, coloured. Granitites intangendus (F. Muell. ex F. Muell.) Rye, comb. nov. Pomaderris intangenda F. Muell. ex F. Muell. (Mueller 1876: 52-53). Type: Between Esperance and Fraser Range, Dempster ( lecto : MEL 55233, here designated; isolecto: MEL 55234 p.pte). Cryptandra petraea S. Moore (Moore 1 899: 184). Type: Donkey Rocks, between Goongarrie and Mt Margaret ( n.v .). B.L. Rye, Granitites intangendus 453 Shrub varying from semi-prostrate to erect and up to 2 m high, pungent; indumentum of simple hairs. Young stems with spreading hairs, the larger ones 0.2-0.5 mm long. Stipules ovate or narrowly ovate, 0.7- 1.5 mm long, acute, hairy throughout or just on the margins and midvein. Petioles 0.3-1 mm long, glabrous or hairy. Leaf blades linear to narrowly obovate or elliptic, 4-13 x 1-4 mm, entire to deeply toothed, with recurved margins, glabrous or with patent or antrorse hairs. Bracts similar to the stipules but often shorter. Pedicels 1. 7-4.5 mm long, usually glabrous, sometimes with antrorse hairs. Flowers usually white, sometimes described as pink or a combination of white with pink to red portions (one label indicating that the sepals and disc were red and the petals white), usually glabrous, sometimes with antrorse hairs outside mainly on floral tube. Sepals widely spreading, ovate or broadly ovate, 1. 5-2.5 mm long. Petals with a slender claw 0.4-0.5 mm long and lamina 0.7-0.8 mm long. Anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long, on a longer curved filament; basal appendages much shorter than the cells, dark in colour like the interior of the dehisced cells, the exterior of the cells pale. Disc 0.5-0. 7 mm wide, glabrous. Style 0.7- 1.5 mm long; stigmatic lobes 0.2-0.4 mm long. Fruit 7-8 x c. 5 mm, becoming black at maturity, the beak c. I mm long. Seeds 3.5-4 x 2.3-2.5 mm, dull grey-brown; aril 1 .3- 1 .5 x c. 2 mm, red-brown, shallowly cupped at summit around the extreme base of seed, almost truncate but extended slightly higher on each side of seed and also at the centre of each surface of the seed. (Figure 1) Figure 1 . Granitites intangendus A - fruiting branch (x I), B - stipules (x 10), C- toothed leaf from a spinescent branchlet(x7), D - toothed leaf from main stem showing undersurface (x7), E - entire leaf (x7), F - young flower opening (x6), G - two views of stamen (xl6), H - old Bower (x6), 1 - vety young fruit (x6) , J - mature fruit (x6), K - fruitlet (x6), L - seed and aril (x6) Drawn from M.E. Trudgen 1482 (A-D.J-L), R.J. Cranfield 7812 & P. Spencer (E,H-I) and H. Pringle 2330 (FG) 454 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3 (1996) Selected specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Near Bencubbin, 2/6/1922, C.A. Gardner 1709; Ularring Rock, Credo Station, 16/6/1988, R.J. Cranfield 7074; 4 km N of Yanneymoonmg Rock, 12/9/1989 ,R. Cranfield! %\2&. P. Spencer: Billycatting Hill Reserve, 2/9/1977, B.G. Muir 366; Bates Cave, Hyden, 9/7/1987, C. Searles ; Donkey Rocks, Mendleyarri Station, 8/6/1989, H. Pringle 2330; Mt Ridley, 25/10/1975, M.E. Trudgen 1482; Nungarin Rock, 13/8/1972, E. Wittwer 854; Eaglestone Hill, Lake Brown, 13/8/1972, E. Wittwer 855. Distribution. Occurs mainly in the Merredin and Hyden areas, where there is an abundance of suitable granite outcrops, but also known from Credo and Mendleyarri Stations to the north-east and Mt Ridley in the south-east. (Figure 2) Figure 2. Geographical distribution of Granitites inlangendus. B.L. Rye, Granitites intangendus 455 Habitat. Occurs on granite outcrops, either in crevices or depressions on the rock or around the margins of the outcrop. Phenology. Flowers June-September. Fruits recorded September-October. Conservation status. Granitites intangendus has a wide range, occurring in isolated, but relatively protected, localities on scattered granite outcrops. The species was listed twice on the 1990 Priority Species List, under the names Ciyptandra petraeum and Pomaderris intangenda, with priority codes of 1 and 3 respectively. Both names have been removed from the list, the former because it was a synonym and the latter because further populations were located and the species no longer considered to be at risk. Typification. There are two sheets at MEL bearing type material of Granitites intangendus collected by Dempster. Both specimens are in a poor condition, with the flowers and fruits all apparently lost except for one immature fruit attached to the specimen (MEL 55233) chosen as the lectotype. The other sheet (MEL 55234) has material from two collections, with the isolectotype mounted on the sheet and loose material from a different unspecified collection contained in an envelope. The material in this envelope matches the northern variant of the species and has mature fruits. Although Mueller (1876) cited only the Dempster material, he probably used the other collection in drawing up his original description of the mature fruits, as the Dempster material appears to have been collected at an earlier reproductive stage with flowers and immature fruits. Notes. A very variable species, particularly in habit, indumentum and leaf shape and size. Some of the leaf variability is evident from Figure 1C-E. The very isolated Mt Ridley population differs from the northern populations in its semi -prostrate stems and also tends to have longer spinescent branchlets (Figure 1 A) and leaves more prominently toothed (Figure 1C,D). There have been at least three collections made from Mt Ridley, and this might well be the type locality as it is the only known location in the area cited for the type, i.e. between Esperance and Fraser Range. There is also considerable variation between specimens in the northern part of the range, as can be expected in a species with scattered populations in a restricted habitat. The northern locations include Donkey Rocks, where the type specimen of Cryptandra petraea was collected. Some specimens have only entire leaves, and one with a particularly hairy petiole and lamina undersurface is illustrated in Figure IE. When he described this species as Pomaderris intangenda, Mueller (1876) based the new name on his manuscript name Cryptandra intangenda F. Muell. ms. and noted that the species had hooded petals like Cryptandra. He apparently saw full-sized fruits but no mature seeds. Moore (1899) based his description of the species, as Cryptandra petraea , on flowering material alone, so was quite unaware of its unusual fruit and seeds. Discussion In its fruit characters, Granitites (Figure 1J) is unlike any of the other Rhamnaceae in south- western Australia but resembles the predominantly tropical genus Alphitonia. The similarities between the two genera were brought to my attention by Kevin Thiele (pers. comm.), who was revising Australian members of Alphitonia. In Alphitonia specimens from the Kimberley region of Western 456 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 1 996) Australia, the outer casing of the mature fruit, consisting of a leathery outer layer and a thick mealy inner layer, splits and is shed in an irregular manner. Inside are three dry fruitlets, which separate from one another (the bases remaining close but the apices diverging) and dehisce both along the adaxial suture and down the distal half of the abaxial surface to expose the seed. This type of fruit has often been described as a drupe (e.g. Braid 1925) but is classed as a coccarium in the much more precise terminology adopted by Spjut (1994). Although one or two specimens of Granitites appear to have fully mature seeds, none has dehisced fruits, hence the uncertainty in the description as to the type of dehiscence of the fruits and fruitlets. However, when pressure is applied to the schizocarp and its fruitlets, they split as described for Alphitonia species. Apart from this similarity, the fruits of the two genera have in common their large size, black colour and presence of a mealy layer. Large black fruits also occur in some other northern Australian genera, but these lack the mealy layer. Other Granitites characteristics matching Alphitonia are the presence of appendages at the base of the anther (Figure 1G), the very prominent horizontal disc (Figure 1H,I) and the uniformly coloured seed (Figure 1L). All other south-western genera lack appendages to the anthers and have seeds with the base darkened. Among these genera, the disc takes a great variety of forms and is sometimes absent, but rarely approaches the type of disc found in Granitites. Differences between Granitites and Alphitonia are quite striking, as the latter genus has a much larger habit, leaves and inflorescences. In Alphitonia the axillary inflorescences are loosely branched, many-flowered cymes, whereas the cymes of Granitites are reduced to one or two pedicellate flowers in a more or less sessile cluster of axillary bracts. In Alphitonia the stipules are caducous and the seeds tend to remain attached to the plant by an obvious, rather hard gynophore after the fruitlets are shed. Granitites has persistent stipules (Figure IB), the seeds are readily detached from a very reduced gynophore and are probably either released from the more persistent fruitlets or shed at the same time as the fruitlets. The fruitlets are thicker and more woody in Alphitonia than in Granitites. Both genera have a uniformly brown-coloured seed body and bright red or reddish aril, but the aril in Alphitonia forms a thin dry casing surrounding the seed body whereas in Granitites the aril is a large succulent structure at the base of the seed body (Figure 1L). Although Granitites occurs in the drier eastern parts of the south-west of Western Australia, it is restricted to a relatively humid habitat associated with granite outcrops. Runoff from the granite results in an accumulation of moisture and, to a lesser extent, nutrients around the margins of the rock and in soil pockets. Granite outcrops also provide some protection against fire. A number of the more mesic areas in the south-west, including scattered ranges and monadnocks, are believed to have acted as refuges for some taxa during periods of aridity (Marchant 1973). In view of its affinities to tropical members of the family, Granitites may well be a relictual taxon, surviving in a much drier rainfall belt by virtue of the more mesic conditions offered by its granitic habitat. Despite its apparently relictual characteristics, Granitites has diverged considerably from the tropical taxa and is a very distinctive genus. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Paul Wilson for preparing the Latin diagnosis and advice on taxonomic matters, Margaret Pieroni for the illustration, Amanda Spooner for preparing the distribution map and Kevin Thiele and Neville Walsh for advice relating to generic characters in the Rhamnaceae. B.L. Rye, Granitites intangendus 457 References Beard, J.S. (1980). Anew phytogeographic map of Western Australia. Western Australian Herbarium Research Notes 3: 37-58. Braid, K.W. (1925). Revision of the genus Alphitonia. Bull. Misc. Information 1925; 168-186. Marchant, N.G. (1973). Species diversity in the south-western flora. J. &Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia. 56: 23-30. Moore, S. (1899). The botanical results of a journey into the interior of western Australia. I. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 171-230. Mueller, F. (1876). Fragmenta Fhytographiae Australiae. LXXXIII. Vol. 10: 49-66. Spjut, R.W. (1994). A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70: 1-182. 458 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 1 996) Nuytsia 10 (3): 459-462 (1996) 459 Tetragonia coronata, a new species of Aizoaceae from Western Australia B.L. Rye and M.E. Trudgen Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, Western Australia 6 152 Abstract Rye, B.L. and Trudgen, M.E. Tetragonia coronata, a new species of Aizoaceae from Western Australia. Nuytsia 10 (3): 459-462 (1996). A new species, Tetragonia coronata Rye & Trudgen, is described and illustrated. It is restricted to a small area in the vicinity of Hamelin Station, near Shark Bay and is the rarest of the seven species of Tetragonia native to Western Australia. Introduction The new species described here was first collected in 1970 by T.E.H. (Ted) Aplin. In 1991, it was placed on the Priority Flora List of the Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management under the phrase name Tetragonia sp. Hamelin (M.E. Trudgen 8000), after being recognized as a separate taxon during the preparation of a flora list for the Shark Bay World Heritage Area (Trudgen & Keighery 1995). It was independently recognized as a new species by Max Gray (pers. comm.), who is currently naming another new Tetragonia species from inland Australia. These two new taxa will bring the total number of Tetragonia species recorded for Western Australia to seven native and one introduced species, three of which are endemic. A further two introduced species occur in other states of Australia but no additional native species. Previously-named species are described in Prescott (1984). Taxonomy Tetragonia coronata Rye & Trudgen, sp. nov. A Tetragonia cristata floris 5-meris et fructo cornuto, a T. tetragonoides fructo grandiore cum acuminis papillorum longioribus statim dignoscenda. Typus: S of Overlander Roadhouse [precise locality withheld] on Great Northern Highway, Western Australia, September 1989, M.E. Trudgen 8000 ( holo : PERTH 01617117; iso: CANB, MEL). 460 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Annual herb with decumbent branches and sometimes also an erect central stem 0.05-0.2 m long, somewhat succulent; indumentum of hair-like papillae, inconspicuous on the stems and petioles but very dense and fairly conspicuous on the flowers and fruits; papillae simple, spreading, flexible, compressed, narrowly triangular, clear-translucent, 0.3-0. 8 mm long on the vegetative parts. Stems rather densely hairy at first but becoming sparsely hairy, the lower stems terete and up to 3 mm wide. Petioles more or less absent or up to 25 mm long, densely hairy. Leaf blades ovate or broadly ovate with a long-attenuate base, 30-100 x 15-50 mm, acute or obtuse, the margins flat, with papillae along the main veins and a dense pattern of circular impressions in between, often also with some papillae scattered over the surface, pale green or greyish green, with 2 or 3 prominent incurved lateral veins on each side of midvein. Inflorescence of solitary axillary flowers, each branch usually bearing 1-5 flowers or fruits spaced 10-40 mm apart. Pedicels 2-5 mm long. Flowers yellow. Floral tube c. 2 mm long at anthesis, enlarging to 7-12 mm in fruit, glabrous inside. Sepals (4)5, ovate to broadly ovate, often unequal, 1.3-2 mm long, glabrous inside. Stamens more than twice as many as sepals; filament c. 1.5 mm long; anther c. 0.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, with short papillae on base and large ones at summit. Styles c. 7, c. 1.3 mm long. Fruit a diclesium, multicellular, greatly thickened and woody, obovoid or broadly obovoid and horned, 14-23 mm long including the horns, usually 10-15 mm wide, densely and conspicuously papillose; papillae mostly patent to reflexed, c. 1 mm long; horns 7-10, in a circle surrounding the truncate apex of fruit body, usually very unequal, most fairly straight and vertical but some curved or spreading, laterally compressed, triangular to broadly ovate-acuminate, the larger ones 4-9 mm long. Seeds 1 per cell, c, 4 x 1.5 mm, pale brown. (Figure 1A-C) Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA (precise localities withheld, all PERTH): Great Northern Highway, 2/7/1970, T.E.H. Aplin 3180; N of Billabong Roadhouse, 15/7/1992, G.J. Keighery 12814; Hamelin Station, 4/8/1984, A. Holm H2. Distribution. Occurs in the vicinity of Hamelin Station, in the Eremaean Botanical Province of Western Australia, just outside the far north of the South-west Botanical Province. (Figure ID) Habitat. Recorded in reddish sandy soils or loam, sometimes associated with calcrete outcrops, on flat but not particularly low-lying ground, in vegetation dominated by Acacia. The vegetation type where the species occurs appears to be part of the Talisker System described in Beard (1976), with a predominance of Bowgada ( Acacia ramulosa W.V. Fitzg.) scrub. Phenology. Flowers and fruits have been collected in the period from June to September, most specimens having flower buds at the apex of the shoots and progressing through mature flowers and young fruits to full-sized fruits towards the base. The mature fruits are extremely hard and, as in other members of the genus, show no signs of dehiscence, but are well equipped with horns and papillae for dispersal by animal vectors. Conservation status. Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora: Priority 1 . This species is known from four locations, all on pastoral stations, with a range of about 55 km. Etymology. From the Latin coronatus - crowned, referring to the crown-like summit to the fruits. Affinities. Of the seven native Tetragonia species in Australia, T. coronata has the largest fruits and has mostly 5-merous flowers whereas other species have all or mostly 4-merous flowers. It was included under Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas) Kuntze by Prescott (1984) but she saw only one specimen, which she labelled as doubtful. Other specimens have been considered similar to T. cristata C.A. Gardner ex A. Prescott, which has fruits nearly as large and with similar indumentum but B.L. Rye & M.E. Trudgen, Tetragonia coronata 461 1 1 VI 1 Carnarvon!* 115 ° n i \ i — Pt • 1 jGeraldtonJ* ] Figure 1 . Tetragonia coronata A - whole plant with flowers and fruits (x0.5), B - branch bearing a flower bud, mature flower and young fruitfx 1), C - mature fruit (x2), D - known distribution of Tetragonia coronata. Drawn from T.E.H. Aplin 3 1 80 (A), G.J. Keighery 12814 (B) and A. HolmHl (C). 462 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) differing in their convoluted surface and lack of horns. Both T. tetragonoides and a closely related unnamed relative from inland Australia have horned fruits like T. coronata but these are smaller, with usually fewer horns and a different indumentum of small rounded papillae. Notes. Tetragonia is one of the genera cited by Spjut (1994: 66) as examples of plants having a diclesium, which he defines as a simple fruit with the ripened ovary covered by a dry, enlarged, indehiscent perianth. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Paul Wilson for preparing the Latin diagnosis, Margaret Pieroni for the illustration and Max Gray for commenting on the manuscript. References Beard, J.S. (1976). “The Vegetation ofthe Ajana Area.” pp. 33. (Vegmap Publications: Perth.) Prescott, A. (1984). Tetragonia. In: “Flora of Australia.” Vol. 4. pp. 37-42,51. (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.) Spjut, R.W. (1994). Asystematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70: 1 - 1 82. Trudgen, M.E. & Keighery, G.J. (1995). Flora of the Shark Bay World Heritage Area and environs. Unpublished Report for the Australian Heritage Commission . Nuytsia 10 (3): 463-466 (1996) 463 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Update to the informal names used in “Flora of the Perth Region” The “Flora of the Perth Region” (Marchant etal. 1987) referred to 63 informal taxa. These taxa represented new species without a formal name, species whose identity had not been established or species requiring a new combination. Over a quarter of these informal taxa have now been ascribed to species. They are listed below by family using the format similar to that used in the “Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia” (Green 1985). An asterisk denotes introduced species. Staff members and associates of the Western Australian Herbarium, including authors of the “Flora of the Perth Region”, have contributed to the information presented here. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of Paul Wilson, Margaret Lawrence and Barbara Rye. Anthericaceae Johnsonia sp. A Perth Flora = J. inconspicua Keighery, FI. Australia 45: 490 (1987) Asteraceae Conyza sp. A Perth Flora = C. albida Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 514-515 (1826) Craspedia sp. A Perth Flora = C. variabilis J. Everett & A.N.L. Doust, Telopea 5: 36 (1992) Brassicaceae *Brassica sp. A Perth Flora = *B. oleracea L., Sp. PI. 2: 666 (1753) Cardamine sp. A Perth Flora = C. paucijuga Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 295 (1854) Colchicaceae Burchardia sp. A Perth Flora = B. bairdiae Keighery, FI. Australia 45: 470 (1987) Cyperaceae Tetraria sp. A Perth Flora = Lepidosperma rostratum S.T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 60: 51-52 (1949) Haemodoraceae Conostylis sp. A Perth Flora = C. latens Hopper, FI. Australia 45: 461 (1987) Haemodorum sp. A Perth Flora = H. discolor T.D. Macfarlane, FI. Australia 45: 464 (1987) Haemodorum sp. B Perth Flora = H. loratum T.D. Macfarlane, FI. Australia 45: 464 (1987) Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis sp. A Perth Flora = H. gardneri R.J.F. Hend., FI. Australia 45: 487 (1987) Myrtaceae Eremaea sp. A Perth Flora = E. asterocarpa Hnatiuk, Nuytsia 9: 208-215 (1993) 464 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3(1996) Orchidaceae Caladenia sp. A Perth Flora = C. huegelii Rchb.f., Beitr. Syst. Pfl. 66 (1871) Pterostylis sp. A Perth Flora = P. ciliata M.A. Clem. & D.L. Jones, Australian Orchid Res. 1: 120 (1989) Proteaceae Dryandra sp. A Perth Flora = D. echinata A.S. George, Nuytsia 10: 339-340 (1996) Restionaceae Alexgeorgea sp. A Perth Flora = A. nitens (Nees) L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs, Telopea 2: 781-782 (1986) Stylidiaceae Stylidium sp. A Perth Flora = S. lateriticola Kenneally, Nuytsia 4: 231-235 (1992) References Green J.W. (1985.) “Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia.” 2nd edition. (WA Herbarium: Perth.) Marchant N.G., Wheeler J.R., Rye B.L., Bennett E.M., Lander N.S. & Macfarlane T.D. (1987.) “Flora of the Perth Region.” (Department of Conservation & Land Management: Western Australia.) S. Curry and A.R. Chapman Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como 6152. Update to the informal names used in “Flora of the Kimberley Region” The “Flora of the Kimberley Region” (Wheeler et al. 1992) listed 219 taxa without formal names. These taxa, each designated by a letter, may have been undescribed, or may have represented situations where the research necesssary to elucidate the correct names was beyond the scope of the publication. Those now ascribed to species or subspecies are listed below. An asterisk denotes introduced taxa. Staff members and associates of the Western Australian Herbarium have contributed to the information presented here, especially Paul Wilson, Margaret Lawrence, Barbara Rye, Gill Perry and Judy Wheeler. Amaranthaceae Gomphrena sp. D Kimberley Flora = G. brachystylis F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 3: 124-125 (1862) S. Curry and A.R. Chapman, Updates to Floras 465 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia sp. A Kimberley Flora = A. tagala Cham., Linnaea 7: 207, Tab. 5, Fig. 3 (1832) Convolvulaceae Merremia sp. A Kimberley Flora = M. quinata (R. Br.) Ooststr., FI. Malesiana Ser.l, 4: 447 (1953) Cyperaceae Cyperus cunninghamii subsp. A Kimberley Flora = C. cunninghamii subsp. uniflorus K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 419 (1991) Cyperus microcephalus subsp. A Kimberley Flora = C. microcephalus subsp. chersophilus K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 427-429, Fig. 15a (1991) Cyperus microcephalus subsp. B Kimberley Flora = C. microcephalus subsp. saxicola K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 429-430, Fig. 15b (1991) Cyperus sp. A Kimberley Flora = C. latzii K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 487-488 (1991) Cyperus sp. B Kimberley Flora = C. astartodes K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 421-423, Fig. 12a (1991) Cyperus sp. C Kimberley Flora = C. cracens K.L Wilson, Telopea 4: 435-436, Fig. 16b (1991) Cyperus sp. D Kimberley Flora = C. crispulus K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 430-432, Fig. 16a (1991) Cyperus sp. E Kimberley Flora = C. blakeanus K.L. Wilson, Telopea 4: 441-443, Fig. 19b (1991) Fimbristylis sp. J Kimberley Flora = F. blepharolepis J. Kern, Blumea 12: 25(1963) Scleria sp. A Kimberley Flora = S. lingulata C.B. Clarke, Bull. Misc. Inform. Addit. Ser. 8:58 (1909) Droseraceae Drosera sp. A Kimberley Flora = D. ordensis Lowrie, Nuyts'ia 9: 365-367, Fig. 1 (1994) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia sp. A Kimberley Flora = E. kimberleyensis B.G. Thomson, Nuytsia 8: 358-360, Fig. 4 (1992) Euphorbia sp. C Kimberley Flora = E. maconochieana B.G. Thomson, Nutysia 8: 354-356, Fig. 3 (1992) Loganiaceae Mitrasacme sp. H Kimberley Flora = M. nummularia S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 45: 208-209 (1920) Loranthaceae Amyema sp. A Kimberley Flora = A. pyriformis Barlow, Blumea 36: 357-358 (1992) Amyema sp. B Kimberley Flora = A. eburna (Barlow) Barlow, Blumea 36: 327 (1992) Amyema sp. C Kimberley Flora = A. dolichopoda Barlow, Brunonia 5: 209 (1983) Malvaceae Gossypium sp. A Kimberley Flora = G. nobile Fryxell, Craven &J.M. Stewart, Syst. Bot. 17: 103-105, Fig. 1 1 (1992) 466 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Mimosaceae Acacia sp. B Kimberley Flora = A. manipularis R.S. Cowan & Maslin, Nuytsia 10: 12-1 A (1995) Acacia sp. C Kimberley Flora = A. delicatula Tindale & P.G. Kodela, Telopea 5: 58-59, Fig. 2 (1992) Acacia sp. D Kimberley Flora = A. oligoneura F. Muell., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: 139 (1859) Acacia sp. J Kimberley Flora = A. kenneallyi R.S. Cowan & Maslin, Nuytsia 10: 64-65 (1995) Acacia sp. K Kimberley Flora = A. synchronicia Maslin, Nuytsia 8: 302-304, Fig. 6 (1982) *Prosopis sp. A Kimberley Flora = an admixture of two species: *P. glandulosa Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 191-193, Tab. 2 (1827) *P. pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 6: 309-310 (1824) Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sp. A Kimberley Flora = E. gymnotele sL.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill, Telopea 5: 754 (1994) Eucalyptus sp. B Kimberley Flora = E. obconica Brooker, Field Guide to theEucalypts 3: 372 (1994) Papilionaceae Glycine sp. A Kimberley Flora = G. pindanica Tindale & Craven, Austral. Syst. Bot. 6: 371-374, Fig. 1 (1993) Rubiaceae Hedyotis sp. A Kimberley Flora = Oldenlandia kochiae D.A. Halford, Austrobaileya 3: 702-703, Fig. 5 (1992) Tiliaceae Corchorus sp. A Kimberley Flora = C. capsularis L., Sp. PI. 529 (1753) Triumfetta sp. C Kimberley Flora = *T. pentandra A. Rich, ex Guill. & Pers., FI. Seneg. Tent. 98, Tab. 19 (1831) Zygophyllaceae Tribulus sp. A Kimberley Flora = T. platypterus Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 289 (1863) References Wheeler J.R.,Rye B.L.,Koch B.L.&Wilson, A.J.G. (1992.) “Flora of the Kimberley Region.”. (Department of Conservation & Land Management: Western Australia.) S. Curry and A.R. Chapman Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como 6152. Nuytsia 10 (3): 467-470 (1996) 467 Recognition and distribution of Solanum hoplopetalum and S. hystrix (Solanaceae) in Australia Solanum hoplopetalum Bitter & Summerh. and S. hystrix R. Br. are two closely related species of Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. The first named taxon, Solanum hystrix, was described by Brown (1810) from plants he collected in South Australia, to which the species is confined. Early collections of a related taxon endemic to Western Australia were initially also treated as S. hystrix (e.g. Black 1926), prior to their recognition as a distinct species (S. hoplopetalum ) by Bitter & Summerhayes (1926). However, Bitter & Summerhayes’ new taxon was apparently overlooked or ignored by later workers (e.g. Grieve & Blackall 1975, Meadly 1960 and Parsons 1967), who continued to treat Western Australian populations as S. hystrix. A recent revision of Solanum in Australia (Symon 1981) clarified the status of these taxa, but it is apparent that, at least in Western Australia, some degree of confusion still exists as to the recognition of the two species, and on a wider scale, their occurrence outside their respective ‘natural’ ranges. Both taxa are also among the very few indigenous solanums that could be considered (minor) agricultural weeds (Parsons & Cuthbertson 1992, Symon 1981), so accurate identification of the species involved is important. Recognition of the species The main character separating S. hoplopetalum and .S'. hystrix is indumentum of the mature vegetative parts, this best observed on the abaxial leaf surface. Hairs are also present on reproductive structures in both taxa, but are not so useful for identification. S. hoplopetalum and S. hystrix are unusual in that their indumentum is composed of apparently simple hairs, as most members of subgenus Leptostemonum have an indumentum comprised of characteristic stellate hairs. The simple hairs in 5. hoplopetalum, S. hystrix and some other unrelated taxa of subgenus Leptostemonum are probably derived from stellate hairs, where the lateral rays have been gradually reduced to the point of being ‘lost’ altogether, or are very poorly developed (i.e. reduced-stellate hairs); the phylogenetic significance of these hairs is discussed in Lepschi & Symon (in press). Leaf dimensions and distribution also aid in identification, but are not exclusive. The two taxa may be distinguished by the following key: 1 Abaxial leaf surface conspicuously hairy (this often discernible with the unaided eye), with simple glandular hairs 0.05-0.3 mm long, overlaid with much longer, occasionally glandular, reduced-stellate hairs 0.5-2 mm long, these most frequent on the veins and generally lacking short lateral rays. Leaves 4-15 cm long. Drier parts of south-western Western Australia (Figure 1C, D) S. hoplopetalum 1: Abaxial leaf surface largely glabrous, indumentum restricted to major leaf veins, consisting of scattered, short to minute, simple glandular hairs (often reduced to ± sessile glands) 0.05-0.15 mm long, overlaid with mostly non-glandular, reduced-stellate hairs 0.15-0.8 mm long, these mostly on the veins and frequently with short lateral rays. Leaves 3-7 (-8) cm long. Eyre Peninsula region, South Australia (Figure 1A, B) S. hystrix 468 Nuytsia Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996) B D Figure 1. A-B Solatium hystrix. A -indumentum on abaxial leaf surface (x 10), B- simple (reduced stellate) hairs (left), and simple glandular hairs (right) (x330). C-D Solatium hoplopetalum. C - indumentum on abaxial leaf surface (x 1 0), D - simple (reduced stellate) hairs (left), and simple glandular hairs (right) (x330). Drawn from Lepschi & Lally 1735 (A-B) and Keighery 4363 (C-D). Species treatments Recent morphological descriptions and notes on the nomenclature of both taxa can be found in Purdie et. al (1982) and Symon (1981), and a description of S. hystrix is also in Symon (1986). For information on the weed biology of S. hoplopetalum , see Meadly (1960) and Paterson (1967), and for both taxa Parsons & Cuthbertson (1992). Solanum hoplopetalum Bitter & Summerh. Distribution. Occurs mainly in the drier parts of south-western Western Australia, from at least Wiluna, south to Lake Grace and Newdegate, east to Queen Victoria Springs and Caiguna, and westwards to Coorow, Toodyay and Wagin, with sporadic introduced occurrences in the more humid regions of the far south-west corner, e.g. Perth metropolitan area (G J. Keighery' pers. comm.) and Ludlow. Meadly (1960) reports the species from Geraldton and Borden, but no specimens have been seen. This species has almost certainly benefitted from agricultural expansion in Western Australia during this century ( cf Bitter & Summerhayes 1926), and it is not known whether some populations at the extremes of the distribution represent natural occurrences or more recent introductions. An isolated introduced population has been recorded from South Australia, but has not persisted. B.J. Lepschi, Solarium hoplopetalum and S. hystrix 469 Selected specimens examined. Natural distribution: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Cundelee, 1967, P. Boswell R1 1 (PERTH); Tammin sand plain, 2/1953, B.J. Grieve s.n. (PERTH);8.5 kmEofCaiguna Roadhouse, 1 7/2/1 995, B. 7. Lepschi &T.R. Lally 1741 (AD,CANB,PERTH);4kmNofKoolyanobbing on road to Helena & Aurora Ranges, 29/9/1995, B.J. Lepschi 2084 (CANB, NSW, PERTH); 10 km SE of Ardath, 28/9/1977, R.D Pearce 119 (AD). Adventive occurrences. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Coombe Siding, 1/1951, leg. ign. and Coombe Station, 2/1940, E.S. Alcock s.n. (AD mixed sheet); Coombe Siding, 7/2/1941 , E.S. Alcock s.n. (AD). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Ludlow, 27/12/1994, G.J. Keighery 13341 (PERTH). Habitat. S. hoplopetalum occurs most frequently in disturbed sites such as roadsides, railway lines and grazing land, although it also inhabits open woodland, mallee and scrub communities, frequently on heavier soils (e.g. loam, clay-loam) rather than pure sands. As with many other Solatium species, it responds well to fire, and it can be common in recently burnt areas. Solanum hystrix R. Br. Distribution. Eyre Peninsula region of South Australia, extending from the eastern margin of the Nullarbor Plain, about 40 km west-north-west of Yalata Roadhouse, east to near Iron Knob, north to at least the Transcontinental Railway Line and south to the coast (including offshore islands). Like S. hoplopetalum, S. hystrix may have benefited from agriculture and land clearance. Recorded once from south-eastern South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, but not persisting. Selected specimens examined. Natural distribution: SOUTH AUSTRALIA: South Australian Railway Line, 1 mile [c. 2 km] N of Cummins, 19/3/1969, C.R. Alcock 2660 (AD, CANB, G, H, IBSC, MA); St Peters Island, Nuyts Archipelago, 19/10/1988, L. Jansen NPIS965 (AD); 64.5 km NE of Kimbaon road to Iron Knob, 15/2/1995, B.J. Lepschi & T.R. Lally 1735 (AD, CANB, NSW, PERTH); 8.5 km WNW of Yalata Roadhouse on road to Nullarbor Roadhouse, 16/2/1995, B.J. Lepschi & T.R. Lally 1 737 (AD, CANB); Gawler Range, NW of Minnipa in vicinity of Scrubby Peak Homestead, 4/10/1 972, D.E. Symon 8366 (AD). Adventive occurrences: SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 5 km S of Port Wakefield, 4/12/1981, /?. Majury s.n. (AD 98570418). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 100 miles [c. 160 km] E of Norseman, 20/12/1968, G. Howard s.n. (AD, CANB, PERTH). Habitat. Similar to that described for S. hoplopetalum, although S. hystrix also occurs in coastal (littoral) sites and sandy soils (Symon 1981). Occurrence as introduced plants Neither species is known to be established as an alien outside of its respective state. S. hoplopetalum appears to have persisted at Coombe in South Australia for eleven years ( 1 940- 1951), unless there were repeated introductions which seems unlikely. Searches by D.E. Symon at this site in recent years have failed to relocate it (see also Symon 1986). The single records of S. hystrix from northern New South Wales (Conn 1992; Symon 1981), south- eastern South Australia (Purdie et al. 1982) and Western Australia (Symon 1981) all appear to have been chance introductions, none of which appears to have established a permanent population. 470 Nuytsia Voi. 10, No. 3(1996) Of course, given the somewhat weedy nature of both species, and increased rail and road traffic across the continent, it is quite possible either taxon could become naturalized elsewhere in the future. Some other indigenous Australian solanums have been recorded in self-sustaining populations from outside their usual ranges, e.g. S. aviculare, S. capsiciforme, S. cinereum, S. laciniatum, S. oligacanthum , S. sturtianum (Symon 1976, 1981, 1994 and pers. comm.) and S. linear if olium (B.J. Lepschi unpubl.). Notably, most taxa only persist at a locality for a few years without spreading far from the site of initial colonization, and then disappear. An exception is 5. cinereum which has established naturalized populations. Acknowledgements I am grateful to David Symon for examining additional material in AD on my behalf, and to him, Greg Keighery and Terena Lally for their comments on the manuscript. I also thank the directors of AD for allowing me access to records from the ADHERB database. References Bitter, G. & Summerhayes, V.S. (1926). A new Solatium from Western Australia. Kew Bull. 1926: 116-1 19. Black, J.M. (1926). “Flora of South Australia.” Vol.4. (Govt. Printer: Adelaide.) Brown, R. (1810). “Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiaeet Insulae van-Diemen." (J. Taylor: London.) Conn, B.J. (1992). Solarium. In: Harden, G.J.(ed.).“FloraofNew South Wales.” Vol.3. (New South Wales Univ. Press: Sydney.) Grieve, B .J. &Blackall, W.E. (1975). “How To Know Western Australian Wildflowers.” Part IV. (Univ. Western Australia Press: Perth.) Lepschi, B.J. &Symon, D.E. (in press). A preliminary cladistic analysis of Australasian Solatium and Lycianthes. Solanaceae IV : Proceedings of the IV International Solanaceae Conference. Meadly, G.R.W. (1960). Afghan Thistle. J. Dept. Agric. Western Australia 1: 401-402. Parsons, W.T. &Cuthbertson, E.G. (1992). “Noxious Weeds of Australia.” (Inkata Press: Melbourne.) Paterson, J.G. (1967). Watch out for Afghan Thistle. J. Dept. Agric. Western Australia 8: 166-167. Purdie, R.W., Symon, D.E. & Haegi, L.A.R. (1982). Solanaceae. In; George, A.S. (ed.). “Flora of Australia.” Vol. 29. (Austral. Govt. Publ. Service: Canberra.) Symon, D.E. (1976). The establishment and spread of Solarium cinereum R.Br., Narrawa Burr, in South Australia. S. Austral. Naturalist 51: 28-29. Symon, D.E. (1981). A revision of the genus So/mtum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4: 1-367. Symon, D.E. (1986). Solanum. In: Jessop, J. & Toelken, H.R. (eds). “Flora of South Australia.” Part 3. (South Austral. Govt. Printing Division: Adelaide.) Symon, D.E. ( 1 994). “Kangaroo Apples - Solanum Sect. Archaesolanum." (Privately published: Adelaide.) B.J. Lepschi Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 104, Como, Western Australia 6152. 471 CONSERVATION CODES FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIAN FLORA R: Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa (= Threatened Flora = Endangered + Vulnerable) Taxa which have been adequately searched for, and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such, following approval by the Minister for the Environment, after recommendation by the State's Endangered Flora Consultative Committee. X: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct Taxa Taxa which have not been collected, or otherwise verified, over the past 50 years despite thorough searching, or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently, and have been gazetted as such, following approval by the Minister for the Environment, after recommendation by the State's Endangered Flora Consultative Committee. 1: Priority One - Poorly Known Taxa Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat, either due to small population size, or being on lands under immediate threat, e.g. road verges, urban areas, farmland, active mineral leases, etc., or the plants are under threat, e.g. from disease, grazing by feral animals, etc. May include taxa with threatened populations on protected lands. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as 'rare flora', but are in urgent need of further survey. 2: Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as 'rare flora', but are in urgent need of further survey. 3: Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa Taxa which are known from several populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as 'rare flora', but are in need of further survey. 4: Priority Four - Rare Taxa Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every 5-10 years. 472 NuytsiaVol. 10, No. 3(1996) Referees for Volume 10 The assistance of referees in providing expert review of papers submitted to Nuytsia is gratefully acknowledged. The external referees consulted for Volume 10 are listed below. Each paper was also refereed internally by Nuytsia Committee members or other staff members of the Department of Conservation and Land Management. Barker, W.R. Bates, R. Brooker, M.I.H. George, A.S. Gray, M. Haegi, L.A.R. Henderson, R.J.F. Ladiges, RY. Leach, G.J. Pedley, L. Ross, J.H. Thiele, K.R. Thompson, J. Walsh, N.G. Wilson, Peter G. Wilson, Paul G. Publication date for Nuytsia Volume 10 Number 2: 25 July 1995 Notes for Authors 473 The aim of Nuytsia is to publish original papers on systematic botany with preference given to papers relating to the flora of Western Australia. Descriptions and keys using manuscript or phrase names will not generally be accepted. All papers are refereed and the Editorial Advisory Committee reserves the right to reject papers. Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies or views of the Department of Conservation and Land Management. After final acceptance of papers, authors are requested to provide discs readable directly by IBM computer or internet email attachments. Wherever possible, the MS-WORD software should be used. Within a paragraph two spaces are required between sentences; after colons, semicolons, commas and dashes a single space is required. Latin names should be italicized. Original figures should not be lettered but accompanied by copies indicating lettering. Page proofs will be forwarded to authors for checking. Twenty reprints of each paper will be provided free of charge; no additional copies may be ordered. Style and layout should follow recent numbers of Nuytsia, noting particularly the following. Title. Should include the family name of genera or species treated, but not authorities. New taxa should be named if not numerous. The geographic area of study should be given where appropriate. Abstract. The paragraph (or paragraphs) should be indented and commence with bibliographic information. New taxa, combinations and names should be listed. The major contents of the paper should be summarized but no additional material given. Headings. All headings should be in capitals and lower case, major headings being centred and minor ones left-justified. Keys. May be either indented (e.g. Nuytsia 5: 277) or bracketed (e.g. Nuytsia 5: 84). Indented keys involving more than nine levels of indentation should be avoided. Species treatments. Use of certain named paragraphs, or sets of paragraphs, for matter following the descriptions is encouraged. The desired sequence and examples of commonly used headings are shown below. Recommended headings which are italicized below, should be left-justified, followed by text on the same line. (1) Taxon name, synonymy (if any), significant manuscript or phrase names and type details (for previously published taxa). (2) Latin (for new taxa - indented). (3) Typus: (for new taxa - not indented). (4) English description (indented). (5) Other specimens examined or Selected specimens examined as appropriate. (6) Distribution (7) Habitat. (8) Phenology or Flowering period. (9) Conservation status. (Department of Conservation and Land Management conservation codes for rare and threatened (Declared Rare Flora and Priority Flora) WA taxa are given in each issue). (10) Etymology. (11) Typification. (12) Affinities or Relationships. (13) Discussion or Comments or Notes. Threatened species. It is the policy of CALM not to publish precise locality data for threatened species. Authors are therefore requested not to cite precise locality data when describing threatened species. Generalized localities should be given accompanied by the statement - [precise locality withheld]. Synonymy. Recent papers should be consulted for examples of an appropriate format for citing synonyms. Standard abbreviations. Where abbreviations are used, the following standards should be followed. (1) Author abbreviations - Brummitt, R K. & Powell, C.E. (1992). Authors of Plant Names. (Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew.) (2) Book titles in literature citations - Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1976-83). Taxonomic Literature. Edn 2. (I.A.P.T.: Utrecht) (but with capital initial letters.) - Green, J.W. (1985). Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia. Edn 2. Pp. 20-24. (Department of Agriculture: Perth.) (3) Journal titles in literature citations and reference lists - Lawrence, G.H.M. etal. (1968). B-P-H (Botanico-Periodicum- Huntianum). - Green loc. cit. Figures. Numbers should follow a single sequence including maps. References. Citation of references in the text should be of the form author's surname (year) or (year: page) with full details given in the Reference section. This format is also recommended to replace the traditional abbreviations for references listed under taxonomic names, for example using Bentham (1878: 234) instead of Benth., FI. Austral. 7: 234 (1878). Structure of papers. Authors are encouraged to use the conventional structure of scientific papers when a complete study is being reported (e.g. a revision). A Methods section should include the method of drawing up the descriptions from specimens, extent of search for types, and discussion of concepts for choice of taxonomic categories. A Discussion section should be considered, which would include some or all of the following: a summary of the findings, emphasizing the most significant; interpretation of the results in the light of other relevant work; statement of new problems which have arisen; advising of aspects which are to be followed up; suggestion of topics which others might usefully pursue; prediction and speculation. 4165 - 0196-600 ISSN 0085-4417 NUYTSIA INDEX TO VOLUME 10 1995-1996 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND LAND MANAGEMENT COMO, WESTERN AUSTRALIA NUYTSIA INDEX TO VOLUME 10 SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS UNIT Coordinator: K.F. Kenneally Editor: M.R.L. Lewis Assistant Editor: J.W. Searle EDITORS K.F. Kenneally (No. 1) B.L. Rye (Nos. 2 & 3) EDITORIAL ASSISTANT /PAGE PREPARATION J.W. Searle EDITORIAL BOARD J.R. Wheeler (Assistant Editor) N.S. Lander T.D. Macfarlane N.G. Marchant B.L. Rye (No. 1) Dates of publication Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 pages 143-312 pages 313-474 pages 1-142 11 January 1995 25 July 1995 25 January 1996 INDEX Page ALFORD, Jenifer J. Two new species of Tetratheca (Tremandraceae), from the Coolgardie and Austin Botanical Districts, Western Australia 143 BENNETT, E.M. Hybrid between Eucalyptus tetraptera and Eucalyptus stoatei from Jerdacuttup, Western Australia 1 BROOKER, M.I.H. and SLEE, A.V. Eucalyptus series Preissianae (Myrtaceae), a new series of Western Australian eucalypts and the description of a new subspecies in the series 7 COWAN, R.S. and MASLIN, B.R. Acacia Miscellany 10. New taxa and notes on previously described taxa of Acacia, mostly section Juliflorae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), in Western Australia 15 COWAN, R.S. and MASLIN, B.R. Acacia Miscellany 11. Miscellaneous taxa of northern and eastern Australia of Acacia section Plurinerves (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) 63 COWAN, R.S. and MASLIN, B.R. Acacia Miscellany 15. Five groups of microneurous species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: section Plurinerves), mostly from Western Australia 205 CRANFIELD, R.J. Alyxia tetanifolia (Apocynaceae), a new species from south-west Western Australia 103 GEORGE, A.S. New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) 313 JONES, D.L. and CLEMENTS, M.A. A reassessment of Prasophyllum gracile and P. macrostachyum (Orchidaceae), with the description of P. paulinae, a new species from south-west Western Australia 409 LOWRIE, A. Drosera kenneallyi (Droseraceae), a new tropical species of carnivorous plant from the Kimberley, northern Western Australia 419 LOWRIE, A. and KENNEALLY, K.F. Stylidium fimbriatum (Stylidiaceae), a new tropical species of tnggerplant from the Kimberley, Western Australia 425 MACFARLANE, T.D. and VAN LEEUWEN, S.J. Wurmbea saccata (Colchicaceae), a lepidopteran-pollinated new species from Western Australia 429 MACPHERSON, C.J. and GRAYLING, P.J. Eucalyptus semota (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Ashburton District of Western Australia 437 MASLIN, B.R. Acacia Miscellany 12. Acacia myrtifolia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: section Phyllodineae) and its allies in Western Australia 85 MASLIN, B.R. Acacia Miscellany 13. Taxonomy of some Western Australian phyllocladinous and aphyllodinous taxa (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) 151 MASLIN, B.R. Acacia Miscellany 14. Taxonomy of some Western Australian “Uninerves- Racemosae” species (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: section Phyllodineae ) 181 MASLIN, B.R. and COWAN, R.S. Robert Brown, the typification of his new Acacia names in edition 2 of Aiton’s “Hortus Kewensis” 107 MASLIN, B.R. and McDONALD, M.W. Acacia thompsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: section Juliflorae), a new species from the tropical dry zone of Australia 443 RYE, B.L. New and priority taxa in the genera Spyridium and Trymalium (Rhamnaceae) of Western Australia 1 19 RYE, B.L. New and priority taxa in the genera Cryptandra and Stenanthemum (Rhamnaceae) of Western Australia 255 RYE, B.L. Granitites, a new genus of Rhamnaceae from the south-west of Western Australia 451 RYE, B.L. and TRUDGEN, M.E. Cryptandra monticola (Rhamnaceae), a new species from the Pilbara region of Western Australia 307 RYE, B.L. and TRUDGEN, M.E. Tetragonia coronata, a new species of Aizoaceae from Western Australia 459 Short Communications CURRY, S. and CHAPMAN, A.R. Update to the informal names used in “Flora of the Perth Region” 463 CURRY, S. and CHAPMAN, A.R. Update to the informal names used in “Flora of the Kimberley Region” 464 LEPSCHI, B.J. Recognition and distribution of Solanum hoplopetalum and S. hystrix (Solanaceae) in Australia 467 4166 - 0196-600 CONTENTS New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae). By A.S. George 313 A reassessment of Prasophyllum gracile and P. macrostachyum (Orchidaceae), with the description of P. paulinae, a new species from south-west Western Australia. By D.L. Jones and M.A. Clements 409 Drosera kenneallyi (Droseraceae), a new tropical species of carnivorous plant from the Kimberley, northern Western Australia. By A. Lowrie 419 Sfylidium fimbriatum (Stylidiaceae), a new tropical species of triggerplant from the Kimberley, Western Australia. By A. Lowrie and K.F. Kenneally 425 Wu rmbea saccata (Colchicaceae), a lepidopteran-pollinated new species from Western Australia. By T.D. Macfarlane and S.J. van Leeuwen 429 Eucalyptus semota (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Ashburton District of Western Australia. ByC.J. Macpherson and P J. Grayling 437 Acacia thomsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae; Acacia section Juliflorae ), a new species from the tropical dry zone of Australia. By B. R. Maslin and M.W. McDonald 443 Granitites, a new genus of Rhamnaceae from the south-west of Western Australia. By B.L. Rye 451 Tetragonia coronata, a new species of Aizoaceae from Western Australia. By B.L. Rye and M.E. Trudgen 459 Short Communications Update to the informal names used in "Flora of the Perth Region". By S. Curry and A.R. Chapman 463 Update to the informal names used in "Flora of the Kimberley Region". By S. Curry and A.R. Chapman 464 Recognition and distribution of Solanum hoplopetalum and S. hystrix (Solanaceae) in Australia. By B.J. Lepschi 467 Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora 471 Referees consulted for Volume 1 0 472 Publication date of Nuytsia Volume 10 Number 2 472 Notes for Authors 473 ISSN 0085-44 17 Print Post Approved PP665002/00003