'58 5y c / [ 357 J ^7 j^j) Art. VI T. — On the Pedipalpi of North America.'^ By Horatio C. Wood, Jr., M. D. Ord. PEDIPALPI. Respiratio pulmonavia. JMasillre maxima!. Maxillarum palpi maximi a " maiiu" tcrminati. Among the Pcdipalpi the ccphalothorax is always covered witli a dorsal shield entirely separate from the abdominal scuta. In the Scorpionidaj the abdomen is continuous with the cephalothorax, whilst in the Thelyphonidas and PhrynidiV! they are united by a pedicle. In the first family the abdomen is prolonged posteriori}^ into a sting-bearing appendage or tail. In the second there exists merely a filiform prolongation, which is in the third, still further degenerated into a mere button. The ScorpionidfB have the foremost feet well developed as such. In the Thelyphonidoe they are very slender and strikingly elongate. Whilst in the Phrynidte they are ex- cessively long, filiform, and multiarticulate, indeed, almost moniliform. The Scor- pionida? are provided with the so-called " combs," which are wanting in the other families. These are situated just behind the legs, one on each side of the genital opening. Their function is not exactly known — but is probably connected with the sexual act. The most anterior of the organs connected with the mouth, in the Pedipalpi are the mandibles, the " antennes pinces " of Emile Blanchard. Their analogy and homology with the mandibles of Coleoptera are very obvious. In the ScorpionidtB they are formed of two corneous joints. Of these tlie posterior is very small ; but the anterior is much larger and armed with both a moveable and fixed finger. The former is so articulated as to have its motion in a horizontal plane, and has its inner surface generally deeply grooved with denticulate margins. This channel receives into itself the dentate edge of the fixed finger. Among the Thelyphonidse and Phrynidte the first joint is wanting. The second is large and somewhat cuneate. Its lower edge as well as the fingers are generally hidden by very thick crests of long silky hairs. The movement of the upper finger is in a vertical plane. Their whole appearance re *This paper is founded, almost entirely, on specimens belonging to tlie Smithsonian Institution. For the privileo-e of investigating them, we would offer our thanks to Profs. Henry and Baird. For the same reasons as before influenced us, we do not consider Mexico as included in our scope. 91 358 ON THE PEDIPALFI OF NORTH AMERICA. sembles that of the cheliceres of a mygale. Tlie ''foot jaws" are situated just pos- terior to these. Their aspect in each of the three families is somewhat characteristic. In the Scorpionida3 they are generally without spines and are provided with a con- spicuous '' hand " or swollen terminal joint. In the Thelyphonidfe they are very mas- sive, generally rather short and armed wUh a moderate number of often very large and robust spines. In the Phrynidge, they are slender, more or less elongate, and mostly provided with numerous long, acute spines. They appear to us to be the ana- logues of the maxillaj and maxillary palpi of Coleoptera. Their first joint in the Scorpionidte is very moveable, and doubtless fulfils the functions of maxillae. In the Thelyphonidas, it is fixed, but serves as a ^^ piece de resistance " to the man- dibles. In the Phrynidge its motion is not at all restricted, and on the in- ner side there is a well marked lobe. The remainder of the foot jaws, appear to represent the maxillary palpi. They are composed of the same number of articulations as is common among beetles. If these "foot jaws" are the maxillae with their palpi, we ought to find some trace of the ligula, which in Coleop)tera is generally placed between or a little posterior to the maxillje. Now in the Scorpionidae and Thelyphonida3, this exists as a hairy, membranous, conical, body, placed between the basal joints of the maxillae. The labium is not distinguishable. The labial palpi are almost entirely atrophied. But in the Scorpionidse along the inner side of the first maxillary joint is a hairy membranous portion, which appears to represent that organ. It is also traceable in the Thelyphonida), but is lost in the Phrynidae. In some of the Staphylinida? the labial palpi degenerate into mere filamentous appen- dages. It is therefore not surprising to see them so degraded among the Pedipalpes. In the Phrynida3 posterior to the maxilte is a corneous styloid process — we think that this represents the ligula, although apparently articulated to the sternum. For the mentum is probably in this family coalesced with, and forming the anterior por- tion of the sternum. In the Scorpionida3 two large processes spring from the base of the anterior pair of feet. These form the posterior boundary of the mouth and seem to be the mentum. Two similar plates arise from the second pair of feet, these we take to be analogous with the gula. In the Thelyphonidae these are all consolidated" into a single plate. It will be perceived that here there are represented all the more important ce- plialics organs of the Coleoptera, excepting the antennae. Now is it not possible, that the first pair of legs are misplaced and altered antennae ? The excessively elon- gate and filamentous legs of the Phrynida) can be of no use as organs of progression, and must apparently fulfil the functions of antennas, from which they do not differ in form. And even those of the Thelyphonida?, seem scarcely fit for progress. In both of these families, this first pair of legs articulates on a different plane from the others, and entirely in front of the posternum. ON THE PEDirALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. 359 Fam. I. SCORPIONID^. Dens mandibularis horizonti in libella movens. Pedum par anticum haud elongatum, sed alteris simile. Abdominis appendix caudalis et crassis et longa. The natural arrangement of this family is still enveloped in obscurity. De Geer in his Memoires pour L' Hist, des Insectes vol. vii. p. 337, divides them into " Des ' Scorpions de la premiere familie ou de ceux a six yeux" and "Des Scorpions de la seconde familie, ou de ceux a huit yeux." Linnosus recognized but one genus. Dr. Leach, in 1815, (Linn. Trans, vol. xi. p. 391,) founded a second, depending on the ocelli for his characters. Since then the list has been swelled by several authors, mostly, by the extension and development of these characters. In Apteres, vol. iii. 1844, (Suites a BufFon), M. Gervais acknowledged but one genus and various sub-genera. While Koch. (Arachnid. Syst.) in 1850, elevated the Scorpionidge to the rank of an order, designating many of the suh-genera of Gervais, (genera of other authors,) as families, and indicating numerous new genera. In 1861, Prof. Peters, (Monatsberichte, p. 508,) published an entirely new classi- fication, basing it on hitherto unused characters. Whatever emanates from such authority, should be received with great deference. With our present supply of foreign specimens, we do not feel entitled to condemn it absolutely. But if we adopt it, we would necessarily propose several new sub-families and genera. This we cer- tainly are not prepared to do, and have in this paper retained the number of ocelli as the genuine criterion. o^ S. ALLENII. Synopsis of (he Scarpionidcs of North Amerieit. Gen. I. SCORPIUS, Oculi 6. Gen. II. BUTHUS, Oculi 8. * Lateral eyes arranged in a straight series. Tail armed loith a basal spine to the sting. B. BiACULiATUS. — Color cinnamon and nearly uniform. Abdomen very strongly granulate and tuberculate. Length 3 J inches. B. CAROLiNiANUS. — Color fulvous, striped very dark brown. Cephalothorax macu- late. Abdomen but moderately granulate and tuberculate. Length 2? iuches. B. CALiFORNicus. — Color nearly the same as in the last ; cephalothorax immaculate. Abdomen strongly granulate. Length 2 inches. * * Lateral eyes arranged in a slightly curved series. Tail toith a basil spine to sting. B. LESEUEEii. — Hands very much swollen* * * * Eyes in a straight or nearly straight series. Sting loithout the basal spine. B. EXILICAUDA. 3G0 ON THE TEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. * * * * Lateral eyes arranged in a curved series. Sting icithotit tJie hasal sjmie. B. niRSUTUS. — Body and tail very liairy. Cephalotliorax with the anterior margin convex and not emarginate. Length 4^ inches. B. EMAEGiNATiCEPS. — Body and tail very hairy. Cephalotliorax with the anterior margin broadly and very deeply emarginate. Length 4| inches. B. EUSTHENURA. — Body and tail moderately hairy. Hands very small and slender. Last caudal segment rather large and robust. Sting very short and i-obust, strongly curved. B. BOEEUS. — Body and tail scarcely at all pilose. Hand tumid. Superior crests of anterior caudal segments not terminating in a spine. Last article quite large and robust. Sting rather short and robust, but very slightly curved. Length 3 inches. B PUNCTIPALPI. — Hand tumid. Superior crests of anterior caudal segments termi- nating in a si^ine. Last article small and slender. Sting very long and slender, strongly curved. B. SPINIGERUS. — Hand small, scarcely at all tumid. Suporiorcrest of anterior caudal segments terminating in a spine. Last article large and robust. Sting short, robust, and rather strongly curved. Length 2| inches. Gen. in. CENTRURUS, Oculi 10. C. PiiAiODACTTLus, Hand very much swollen. Species unknown to us. S. PUNCTATUS, De Geer. S. MACULATUS, De Geer. S. TESTACEus, De Geer. S. AuSTRALis, De Geer. ViEJOVIS CAROLINUS, Koch. Gen. I. SCORPIO. Oculi G. Oculi laterales utrin(|uc 2. Scorpio, De Geer, Mem. dcs Tusect., vol. vii. p. 337. Haud Scorpio, Linnaeus. Scorpius, Ehrenberg, Symbol.T3 Physica). " Fain. I. Scorpioniiles." Koch Arachniden, Syst., p. 36. S. ALLENii.- — S. saturate brunneo-castaneus, laevis, venuste politus ; cephalothorace antico distincte emar- ginato; palpis modicis; manibus magnis, subquadrangulatis, latis, vix crenatis, sparse punctatis; digitis robustis, modice brevibus, fere rude punctatis, curvatis; oculis lateralibus fcrc a^qualibus ; cauda breve, valde crenulata; spicule brevissimo, subuncinato, siue spiuulo basali; pectinis dcutibus fere 7. S. Allenii, "Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. April, 1863. The dorsum is beautifully polished, and not at all tuberculate. The palpi are of ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. 361 medium size. The second joint, has nil of its borders, except the postero-inferior, crenulate. The third has only its supero-anterior crenate. Its anterior face is coraplanate ; its posterior convex. The hands are rather thin, somewhat cordate, subquadrangular, and faintly marked with divisions between eight facets. The anterior border is thin and convex. The fingers are very robust, almost rudely punctate, rather short, and ornamented with a few long hairs. Their opposing mar- gins are minutely denticulate. The tail is short; in the female not so long as the body. The first joint is broader than long. It has both the superior and the supero- lateral crests crenulate. The third and fourth have the infero-lateral also distinctly crenate. The inferior crests arc crenulate on the fourth. The penultimate joint is elongate; its lower surface is tuberculate; its single median inferior and infero-lateral crests strongly dentate ; the terminal joint is elongate ; its superior surface is com- planate and triangular ; its inferior convex, and marked with a dark median stripe. The sternal plate is pentangular. It affords me great pleasure to dedicate this species to my friend and co-laborer, Dr. H. Allen, U. S. A. Length of body, c? G lines, ? 9 lines : of tail, d^ 8 lines. ? 8 lines. H — 7 [partini.] The surface of the cephalothorax is much less granular and with a less strongly pronounced median keel than in B. caroUnianus. The median eyes are anterior to its middle. The lateral ocelli are arranged in the form of arcs, with their convexity looking forwards and outwards. Overhanging them is a pair of tumid swellings. The proximal three joints of the palpi are irregularly parallelopipedal, with their angles well marked and denticulate. The proximal portion of the inner surface of the third has several .small tuberculoid spines similar to but larger than those of B. caroUnianus. The hand is considerably larger than in that species. It is marked with eight raised, faintly crenulate lines, which separate as many facets. The fingers are somewhat elongate and rather stout. Their opposing margins have a wavy outline, and are armed with a continuous series of minute teeth, with larger ones anterior to them. The anterior joints of the tail are very short. The furrow on the superior surface is deeply excavated. The first four articulations are fur- nished each with two denticulate or strongly crenulate superior and supero-lateral crests. The median lateral exists only in a well marked degree on the first ; it also is denticulate. Each of the four has two infero-lateral and two inferior ridges. These are often illy pronounced and not crenulate. The penultimate articulation has two superior and infero-lateral and a single median inferior raised line. Some- times the rudiments of the supero-lateral also exist. The sting is long and slender. The legs are strongly compressed and pilose. The sternal plate is pentangular. The specimen referred to by Mr. Girard as coming from Eagle Pass we have exa- mined, and do not think identical with this species. Hah. — Utah. Smithsonian Museum. B. PUNCTIPALPI. — B. aurantiaco-brunneus j dorso tuberculis minimis asperato ; cephalothorace medio canaliculato, antico nonnihil emarginato ; palpis dense minutissime punetatis, nonniliil robustis ; manibus magnis, tumidis, octo faciebus indistincte instruetis ; cauda niodice longa et crasse ; artieulo penultimo longo ; ultimo parvo, supra complanato ; spicule gracilimo, valdc elongato, gradatim curvato, sine spinulo basali ; pectinis dentibus fere 20. B. punctipalpi, Wood. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., April, 3863. All of our specimens are immaculate ; some of them shade olT in color towards an olive. The lateral eyes, three in number, are generally arranged in a slightly, but occasionally in a strongly curved line. The cephalothorax, and, indeed, the whole dorsum is roughened by very numerous minute tubercles. The scuta are more or less distinctly medianly keeled. The joints of the palpi are irregularly parallelopipedal, with their margins mostly well defined and crenulate. The second joint has on its anterior face one or two crenate ridges ; its posterior margin is 94 370 ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. rounded off. The hands are large, and have only their superior and inferior edges distinctly crenate. The fingers are robust and moderately long, with their opposing margins armed with a single row of teeth, with larger ones at regular intervals on one side of their distal portion. The feet are compressed. The tail is rather robust. The first three joints have their superior and supero-lateral ridges sharply serrate, and terminating posteriorly in a spine. In the fourth they are the same, except that the terminal spinule of the supero-lateral crest is wanting. The first four joints have infero-lateral and inferior crests, the former mostly distinctly, the latter indistinctly, (except on the posterior segment,) serrulate. The penultimate articulation is long, and armed with distinctly serrulate supero-lateral, infero- lateral crests, as well as a single median inferior ; and on its anterior half, central lateral ridges. Its form is that of a parallelopipedon thinned at its two extremities. The superior surface of the last joint is triangular and complanate ; the inferior is convex. The sting is very long, slender and gracefully curved. The sternal plate is pentangular. Length of body, d 10 lines, ? 12 lines ; of tail, c? 16 lines, 9 14 lines. Hah. — Cape St. Lucas, J. Xantus de Vesey. Smithsonian Museum. B. SPiNiGERTJS. — B. dilute olivaceo-fulvus, fusco vittatus ; cephalothoraee antico haud emarginato, medio canaliculate ; oculis lateralibus in serie curvata positis ; palpis modice robustis, marginibus valde erenulatis; manibus nonnihil tumidis, lineis elevatis obsoletis; digitis nonnihil elongatis, modice curvatis, marginibus opponentibus et dentatis et erenulatis; abdominibus mediis nonnihil carinatis; Cauda modice breve, robustissima, lineis elevatis denticulatis ; spiculo sine spinulo basali; pectinis dentibus 20—25. PI. 40, fig. 2, 2a, 2b. B. spinigerus, Wood. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., April, 1863. The color of this species varies ; generally each abdominal plate has a dark brown V or W-shaped marking, forming a continuous stripe on each side. This is obsolete on the cephalothorax. But this distinctness of pattern is often lost, and the whole body involved in an olive-brown tint. The palpi closely resembles those of B. horeus, but have the hand not so large, and the facets and elevated lines not so strongly pronounced. The opposing margins of the fingers resemble those of that species in their armature, but want the wavy outline. On each side of the abdomi- nal median line are numerous small black tubercles, so arranged as to form more or less prominent ridges. There is also a series of these on the posterior border of each of the abdominal scuta. The legs and tail are of a dirty yellow color. The anterior four caudal joints are short and very robust, the breadth of the first three often equalling their length. These four joints are provided with denticulate superior and supero-lateral crests. In the anterior three these are of nearly the same length, and terminate distally in a small spine. In the fourth, the dorsal is ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. 371 only two-thirds the length of the other raised line, and the joint is then scooped out to the level of the latter, which does not end in a spine. On the first four articulations the middle lateral crests are almost entirely obsolete. On the fifth they are more strongly pronounced. This joint is much more elongate than the others. Its supero-lateral crests are not so strongly denticulate as those of the others, and have no spine at their distal extremity. The infero-lateral and inferior crest exist on the first four joints as four black, occasionally somewhat obsolete, ridges, but are not crenulate. On the fifth both the inferior-lateral and the single median-inferior crests are denticulate. The sixth caudal joint is somewhat ovate, llattened above, and without ridges. On the lower surface there exists a faint mesial groove. The sting is slender and strongly curved. Length of body d ? one inch ; of tail, ? one inch, two lines, c? one inch," four lines. Hab. — Tes^s. Smithsonian Museum. Scorpio punctatus. — "Scorpio (punctatus) octonoculus, pectinibus 16-dentatis,manibu3 elongatis ; digitis filiformibus ; cauda corporis longitudine ; aculeo basi mucronato." " Enfin le troisieme caractere de ce scorpion, c'est que le dernier na3ud de la queue, qui est le support de I'aigulon, est ovale & garni d'arretes fornixes par des points Aleves ; mais ce'quon lui trouve de remarquable, c'est qu'il se prolonge en devant & en dessous de I'aigullon en une espece de eminence commc une pointe avancee, garnie de chaque cote d'une petite epine & tout pres de I'origine de ce nceud on voit au bord exterieur un petit tubercule arrondi." Scorpio punctatus, De G^er, Mem. des Insect., vol. vii. p. 343, pi. 41, fig. 1. With this species we are not at all acquainted, nor does it seem likely that we ever shall be. We think it scarcely probable that any identification will be esta- blished. iS. 'punctatus, Gervais, Apteres, vol. iii. p. 36, is probably different. S. MACULATUS, Dc Gcer, Mem. Insect, vol. vii. p. 346, pi. 41, fig. 9. We are not acquainted with this species, which also is scarcely recognizable. The describer says, " C'est a Surinam & en Pensylvauie qu'on trouve les scorpions de cette espece" ! ! The species has certainly become extinct in the latter locality since 1778 ! S. TESTACUS, De Geer, Mem. Insect, vol. vii. p. 347, pi. 41, fig. 11. S. AusxRALis, De Geer, Mem. Insect., vol. vii. p. 348, pi. 41, fig. 5. Gen. III. CENTRURUS. Gen. Scorpio (partim) subgen. Ccnlntrus, Gervais, Apteres, vol. iii. p. — . Fam. Venlrurides. Gen. CeiUrurus, Vaejovis, Koch, Ucbcrs Arachnid. Syst., p. 38. 372 ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMEPtlCA. G. PHAIODACTYLUS. — (J. brunneo-fulvus ; cephalothorace sparse punctato, medio Icviter canaliculato, antico et abbreviato et rotundato et nonnihil emarginato, postico transverse sulcato; manibus cau- daque venuste politis et pedibus nonnihil pilosis ; palpis robustis, angulis vel valde crenulatis vel denticulatis, articuli tertii superficie antica spinulo unico (interduni duobus) ; manibus valdissime tumidis, longis, indistincte octoplicatis ; digitis. latis, robustissimis, modice brevibus, curvatis, mar- ginibus opponentibus acute denticulatis ; pedibus flavis ; abdomine laeve ; cauda breve, cristis superioribus obsoletis, superficie superiore nonnihil minute granulata ; articulo quarto haud carinato ; articulo ultimo maximo, spiculo parvo sine spinulo basali ; pectinis dentibus 7 — 9. PI. 40, fig. 3, 3a, 36. O. phaiodacti/lus, Wood. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., April, 1863. The cephalothorax is not produced as far anteriorly as is commonly the case. It is impressed with a faint transverse groove at the position of the median ocelli, and with another, more distinctly defined, on its posterior third. These channels separate three pairs of slightly pronounced elevations, which successively decrease in size from the first. The first joint of the palpi has all of its margiilfe armed with distinct obtuse denticules, excepting only the postero-inferior, which is rounded and concave, and crenate only on its proximal third. The third article is much larger than the second, and has only its anterior margins crenate. Its posterior surface as well as that of the hand, is sparsely and irregularly punctate. The anterior aspect of the hand is minutely tuberculate. The first joint of the mandibles is very long, almost always extending as far forward as the cephalothorax, and often much beyond it. The distal portion of these organs, with the " jiincers," is black. The median eyes are placed upon a single black elevation in the middle third of the cephalothorax. The first two lateral ocelli are somewhat smaller than the median ; the third is much smaller ; the fourth is at right angles to the third, and is still less. The three anterior joints of the tail are short and rather broad. Their superior crests are entirely, and their supero-lateral almost, obsolete ; their inferior and infero- lateral are well marked and broadly crenate. All of the ridges of the fourth segment are obsolete. The penultimate joint is elongate and slender. Its lower surface is rough, and has two strongly, but obtusely denticulate, infero-lateral, and a single median inferior crest. The last segment is immensely swollen. Its distal poi'tion is suddenly and very strongly contracted, and then inflated slightly again, so as to form a knob, as it were, on the base of the sting. Length of body, li^ inches ; of tail, li inches. Hah. — Utah Territory. Smithsonian Museum. M. McCarthy, Esq. Vaejovis cakolinus. — " Gelbraun, dunkelbraun gefleckt; die Taster rostfarbig mit rundrippigen HVinden ; der Schwanz ziemlich dick, oben und unten mit gezilhnten Kiclen. " Liiug des Vorder-und Hinterleibes 4J"', des schwanzes GJ'". "Der Vorderleib hinten breit, im Ganzeu nieder, oben etwas flach uud schwielig, fast glanzlos; die Mittelfurche voni Vordcrrande bis zuni Tlinterrando durehziehend, ziemlich tief. die zwei Kiclc auf dem ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. 373 Aiigenhiigel etwas geglilttet, letzter sieh vorn und hintea gleiehmassig ausspizzend; die Beiilen am Hin- terkopfe hinten etwas gerundet; die Seitenfalten geschwungen und ziemlich tief, vom llinterwinkel der Beulen bis an die breitcn Seitenumschlage ziehend; die Flache des Vorderleibes bei guter Vergros- serung fein gerieselt. Die Augen in ganz geregelter Stellung. " Die Ringschilde des Hinterleibes flacli gewblbt, ohne Glanz, die Vorderrandsumschlage etwas glatt und mattgliinzend, auf dem Riicken ein seichter Eindruck mit einem niedem Langskiele, am Hinter- rande eine Rcilie sehr feiner Kiirnchen ; das Endschild von gewolinlicher Gestalt; deutlich feinkijruig, liinten beiderseits mit zwei schiefen gezabnelten Lilngsrippen, den Vorrandsumschlag nicht erreichend. Der Scbwanz mattgliinzend, von oben gesehen bis in die Hiilfte des fiinften Gliedes gleicbbreit, und mit etwas tief ausgehtihltcr Flilche, das fiinfte Glied gegen die Spitze etwas sclimiller, die Kiele aller funf Glieder etwas hocli und gescharft, und alle fein gezahnt oder gekiirnt, die untern des ersten und zweiten weinger deutlich als die andern ; das Endglied liinglich eifiirmig, oben flach und etwas gliinzend, unten baucbig mit sehr seichter aber ziemlich breiter Langsvertiefung und fein gekornten Zwischenerhiihungen ; der Stachel miissig lang und sanft gebogen. Die Taster von milssiger LiLnge, Vorder-und Hinterarm flach seitig mit sehr fein gekornten Kielen des Hinterarms; die H'ande am Ballen aufgetriebeu, merklich dicker als der Vorderarra, etwas gliinzend, mit niedern, abgerundeten Lilngsrippen in der gewohnlichen Lage und mit ziemlich stark gebogenen diinnen Pingern. Die Unterseite und die Beine wie bei der vorhergehenden Art, mit welcher die gegenwiirtige uberhaupt viel Aehnliehkeit hat." " Der Kopf, die Ringschilde des Hinterleibs und der Schwanz gelbbraunlich, erster dunkelbraun gefleckt, auf letzterm vor dem Hinterrande ein dunkelbrauner Querstreif und iiberdiess mit dunkel- brauner Mischung; die Kiele des Schwanzes etwas dunklcr als die iibrige Flilche, das Endglied des letztern rostroth, mit dunkler rostrothcr Spitze des Stachels. Die Taster gelbbrilunlich mit dunklern Kielen an den Gliedern bis zur Hand ; die Hilnde dunkler, aufs Rostbraune ziehend, die Finger an der Wurzel dunkeler als die Handfarbe, an der Endhillfte ins Gelbe iibergehend. Unterseite des Vorder-und Hinterleibes gelb, mit olivengelbliohem Anstriche, die Brustkilmme hellgelb, die Beine gelb, etwas heller als die Bauchfarbe." " Vaterland, Nord Amerika, Carolina." This description is copied from Hoch's Arachniden, Bd. x. s. 7, £ 759. It probably refers to Scorpio carolinianus. Fam. II. THELYPHONWJE. Dens mandibularis in plana verticale movens. Pedum par anticum valde elongatuni, .sed baud antenui- forme. Abdominis appendix caudalis clongata, gracillima. Gen. I. THELYPHONUS. Oculi 8. Oculi medii 2, in eephalothoracis fronte positi. Oculi laterales utrinque 3 in sorie triangulare dispositi. Thelyplvmus^ Latreille, Histoire Naturelle des Crust., tome vii. p. 130. 1804. Gervais, Apteres, vol. iii. p. 9. In this genus the cephalothorax has its carapace or dorsal shield more or less ir- regular, minutely tuberculate or granulate, and very generally medianly canaliculate. 95 374 ON THE TEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. Posteriorly, in the median line, there exists a depression, mostly well-marked , from which radiate obsolete grooves. Anteriorly the carapace is rapidly narrowed, but is is possessed of a vertical aspect elsewhere wanting, having a sharp edge between it and the upj^er surface. The median pair of eyes are situated on a tubercle. They are sensibly larger than the lateral. At the hinder end of the edge formed by the folding down of the dorsal shield, spoken of above, are the posterior or lateral eyes, arranged in the form of a triangle, three on each side. The upper surface of the abdomen is generally roughened, like the cephalothorax. The lower surface smooth. The specific characters are principally founded on the aspect and armature of the maxillary palpi. There has as yet only a single species been found in the United States. T. GIGANTEUS. — T. saturate rubro-eastaneo ; cephalothorace enormiter subrude punetato j palpis crassis, maximis, rude punctatis, in femina longis, in mare longissimis ; articulo secuudo supra quin- que spinoso, infra bispinoso; tertio et supra et infra unispinoso ; quarto supra spina masinia longissimaque, spinae marginibus antico et postico denticulato ; qulnto extra spina maxima et crassissima, spinas marginibus et antico et postico denticulato ; digito crassissimo, infra et supra valde denticulato. Thelyphonus gigantais, Lucas, Magazin de Zoologie (Guerin) 1885, cl. viii. pi. 8. Gervais, Apteres, iii. p. 12. Koch Arachniden. Bd. x. p. 21, Fab. 331, fig. 767, et Fab. 332, fig. 768. Thelyp. excubitor, Girard, Marcy's Report of Explorations of Red River, p. 26.'), fig. xvii. 1-4. The general color of this species is very deej) reddish-chestnut. The ventral surface is much lighter than the dorsal. The sides of the abdomen of the female when dis- tended with eggs, are of a fawn tint, spotted with black. The cephalothorax is very rough, with its surface irregularly rudely punctate, or perhaps more properly exca- vated. It has an interrupted mesial groove. The maxillary palpi are very massive and long. In the female they are much longer than in the male. The former sex is the I'Jielyp. excubitor of Girard. This we have proven by the dissection of a num- ber of individuals ; a figure of each sex is given by Koch. The first or immovable joint of the palpi has its anterior spine large and curved. The second has its superior surface expanded anteriorly into a broad, spine-like process. The curved margin of this is armed with five short stout spines. The third joint, superiorly, is provided with a robust spine, inferiorly with one generally fully a line in length. The legs are stout, tuberculate, and sparingly pilose. The abdomen is distantly, coarsely, and thickly minutely punctate. The larger punctations on the superior surface are often fj^uite peculiar, appearing somewhat like the teeth of a rasp, as if they had been punched out. Hub. — South Western United States, Mexico. ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. 375 Fam. III. PHRYNID^. Dens mandibularis in plana vcrticalc movens. Abdominis sine appendice. Pedum par anticum elongatis- simum, antenniforme. Gen. PHRYNUS. Oculi 8. Oculi laterales utrinque, 3, in serie triangulare dispositi. The cei^Iialotborax in this genus is very broad and more or less renitbrm. It is perhaps not quite so rough as in the genus Phrymis. The important specific cha- racters are mostly drawn from the maxillary palpi. There is as yet no species known to exist within the United States ; but we append the description of an unknown form brought from Lower California by Mr. Xantus. P. ASPERATirES. — P. dilute aurantiacus saturate rubido-brunneo maculatus; cephalothorace lato, reniforme, abdomineque tuberculis parvis sparsis et granulis minutis numerosis asperatis ; palpis magnis, latis, nonnihil semi-cylindratis ; articuli secundi superficie antica et spinulis parvis numerosis et uno vel duobus majoribus armata ; articuli tertii margine supeviore spinis 4, inferiore spinis 5 ; articuli tertio quartique superficiebus posticis tuberculis parvis spinosis in seriebus rectis dispositis armatis • illius margine superiore ultimo spinis maximis 3 et 2 — 3 modicis instructo ; margine inferiore spinis magnis 2 et 2 — 3 parvis armato; articulo quinto spina maxima uuiea et spinulis modicis duobus instructo ; femoribus tuberculis spinosis numerosis asperatis. P. asperatipes, Wood. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., April, 1863. The color of our single specimen is a very light orange. The cephalothorax has a median longitudinal sulcus distinct anteriorly, but evanescent posteriorly. A short distance behind the centre of the cephalothorax is a well defined transverse groove, extending nearly across one-third of its breadth. Posterior to this, and connected with it by the median sulcus (here very well marked), is a transverse furrow similar to the other, but only about one-third its length. The three sulci ai'e of a dark-brown tint. Besides these, there are on each side of the cephalothorax four dark, but more or less obsolete grooves. At the position of the lateral eyes on each side there exists a dark-brown spot, and between them and the anterior transverse groove is a pair of similarly colored round depressions. The maxillary palpi are of a more decided orange than the body. The second joint has its anterior face armed with eight or ten very small spines or spinous tubercles, and one or two larger ones. The spines on the lower margin of the third joint are longer than those on the upper. On each, the two nearest the body are much larger and more closely approximated than the others. Between the margins are a few very small spinules. The spinous tubercles on the upper portion of the posterior surface are more numerous than those on the- lower. The fourth joint is 376 ON THE PEDIPALPI OF NORTH AMERICA. dilated superiorly in its distal portion ; where on the upper margin are placed three very long acute spines, with two or three much smaller ones. The lower margin has five spines, three of them being much smaller than the other two. The moveable finger is very long and acute. The upper surface of the abdomen has along the mesial line a double row of dark-brown spots, and on either side a series of blotches of the same color, — one on each scutum. The legs and sides of the abdomen are very rough. The under surface of the abdomen is smooth. Hoh. — Lower California. Smithsonian Museum. J. Xantus de Vesey. Jom. Acai. }kt Sci 2^ Ser, Vol Y. 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