TY Cedi hch Ah pitch sd ote mm» & > Lee) es See os oS TY www Mwwove 74 TAAL ws way < aa Pare ~. mf CUES ee y yee \ , 4 ~ WS ; Fit IG eww «f ( mi bre eh Ne TG Anaad petit pbite Ge " « es Ue VE «& Site § r 4 (€ a ¢ é (et G sas ¢ F mg Ca ~¢ | & 0 Q © W A (< { \ > eo A ied peed, a7 Leia nyveN je ~LA Ae aD 1! Sn IFO? Gs tA ey = shee -(>-e CU’ “ee ' eA < we 3 9- ; » 2 < set ee — we y Ens SIS, INNA Lae TSS DS ee SE. al pba PIE, wy WESC CUEe re EY : LS “D ww ane’ > es we \C. Fy Fi OR. ha ee a ree Sao Sy Se wi PC eS fT PBS BL = JN Lawe pos = wy - " / ei. — ery _ \ oF ESeUT SW yeY S SOWETO SS ~ 4 i,“ ie ON ISG “ttt ett RL Dw Se cote Ooty bie, dh: vveewres ae Myr Wove ~~ ag . , y= A~A., f Pw'Ay Wives wd eek: RAS AA . ye wwe ” ae TES se Ne _ 9 Fam oy " 7 7" _ ao |. 4. a : 7 ) ea = ‘ee en a gq 1 ; _ - ao AL 1 > ; ; | 7 mw 4 a +h . va ; P+ eC ; | | om Lee —7) 5) we * ees ; “y : ; | U eo a : ay ran ey - xq ch 7 Aero INVERTEBA I. \ LOOLOGY \ Frustacde ZAATAG! 60 CAL; ACAD. SCIENCES. . VOL. V, PLATE XI. Fic.1.—Female. Fia.2.—Male. Fic. 3.—Ovigerous section, under third and fourth segments. GYAIP RIE EIEVAS) SSiPalNiONSTAy, se OLCrINIGH ONT. (SEE PAGE 404.) From the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, October 19th, 1874. wet, V Observations on the Genus Caprella, and Description of a New Species. BY W. N. LOCKINGTON. Among the Tetradecapoda, or fourteen-legged crustaceans, the best known forms of which are the pill-bugs, wood-lice, and sand-hoppers, there is no more remarkable genus than Caprelia. The abdomen is obsolete, or so nearly so as only to be distinguishable by a most careful examination; and the entire body consists of the seven thoracic segments, each of which is exceedingly attenuated, so that the creature resembles, in its general appearance, a long, slender caterpillar more than a crustacean. Although classed with the fourteen-legged crustacea, the Caprelle, like their near relatives, the Cyami, or whale-lice, have really only five pairs of legs, as those pairs which normally spring from the third and fourth segments are absent, their place being filled, in the males, by two pairs of elongated bran- chi. In the females these branchia are modified in form and function, becom- ing four broad plates, which fold securely over each other on the lower side of the third and fourth segments, and thns composing a sac or pouch in which the eggs and immature young are safely carried. The comparatively great length of the body is still further increased by the long, slender, external antennze, and the backward direction of the hindermost legs; and the resemblance to a caterpillar is heightened by the mode of pro- gression, which, on account of the absence of legs on the third and fourth seg- ments, is by looping the body in a manner precisely similar to that practiced by the “loopers,” or larve of the Geometride. 2 The first pair of legs is short, but the second makes up by its inordinate length and slenderness ; while the three hinder pairs are more nearly equal in size, andare known as “anchoral”? feet, since it is by them that the creature attaches itself firmly to the object on which it rests. All the feet are provided with sharp claws, which fold back upon the preced- ing joint ; but in the last three pairs this joint is furnished with a sharp spine, against which the claw shuts. Thus our Caprella, secured by six anchors, can ride safely in spite of waves and currents, its long body swaying to and fro, and its forelegs busy in catching its prey. The Caprelle appear to be parasitic on hydroids and sponges. : The species of which I append a technical description was dredged uf about eight fathoms of water, from a bottom of mud and weeds, in Hakodadi Bay, Japan, by W. J. Fisher, naturalist of the Tuscarora. Mr. Fisher has present- ed two specimens, male and female, to this Academy. I believe the species to be new, although it is just possible that it may have been previously described by some naturalist whose works do not grace the shelves of our Academy. Ihave named it C.spinosa. The male somewhat re- sembles the C. attenuata of Dana, the chief differences being the spines upon the five posterior segments, and the absence of the spine upon the head. The females differ so greatly from the males in the comparative lengths of the several joints of the body and antenn, that I was at first inclined to believe they belonged to another species; but since the two forms were always dredged in company, and the specimens of one form are all males, while those of the other are all females, it is evident that they are the two sexes of the same species. Caprella spinosa. Lockington. Male. Body very slender ; segments elongate, second thoracic segment more than one-half longer than the first, and very slender. No spine on dorsal sur- face of head. Superior antennee longer than half the body; first joint little more than half the length of second; third joint nearly as long as second ; flagellum rathe longer than basal joint. Inferior antennz reaching to about the first third of the second joint of the superior antennse. Hand of second pair of legs very narrow, with three teeth on the underside, one a short distance be- hind the claw, a second close to the first, and a third posterior to the middle. The third and fourth segments have a sharp spine on each side, above the bran- chise and near the hinder margin, and the three posterior segments are furnished with similar spines. Length of body, 1 11-16 inch. Length of superior antennx, about 1 inch. Female. Body less elongated than in the male; third and fourth segments swollen at the sides, and both these segments armed with a long, sharp spine, the point curving towards the head ; fifth and sixth segments armed with a straight spine. Second pair of legs about as long as the second segment of the body, the basal joint armed witha sharp spine on the upper side of distal end; hand shorter than basal joint, with a single acute tooth on the posterior 3 third of the underside. Superior antenna about half the length of the body, the second joint about one-third longer than the basal; flagellum as long as see- ond joint. Inferior antenne about equal in length to the first two joints of the superior antenna. Length of body, about 1 7-16 inch ; of superior antenne, 34 inch. aii Laer “Siva nie ay 2 a 2 oe a eee a a Ae s aa | yl : _ = nN: ~ ~ ae ) \ SAA ae aN a ae Oe é ft 2 Fe. Nee mT haces 2 > 4; hd lees = Cam is y 4 eee ag WO on al. | nN one Pata rep CnG ae Re «sacs anmaaiing SS Mina eect Nel Ae Aaa emer WA’ ARIAL a xf ne AVA ay = AG on | £3 aeA\A -~S~a WEGRE = FA ae VY ALLA | tel | am FE anA3- A 4 BL UIT pag RAR Rone BERNINI ALLY ‘yal paeasa RIV NON aa AA Dn A sala Qa Va ema 1a NAD an 1 mm» (WA x ~ = “fale sores “a, AA SAAASIAA yaw A pee is Aa a 5A: AAR Ae = ») an vAsaayay 8 are RI EN a edie Wee 5A | ae a7 NG % ae Liew TO * ~~ ~ Ar, Apa as Wy Ag Aig slain oe Latte al apar4 ving au) anagarsa *iagaiqqe’ ty “apa | eis “Sa Mhayy aR a “V4 “ae Aap a A 7 es > w 2 are oT As =e y a Wal A Rains ae: i. qa Bale | wat aan sR 'S Mi WAS ™ AAR va