,^

[ 507 ]

XV. Observations on the Uraniidce, a Family of Lepidopterous Insects, with a Syti&pm
of the Family and a Monograph q/" Coronidia, one of the Genera of which it is
comjwsed. By J. O. Westwood, Jf.A., F.L.S., &c.

(Plates LXXXV.-LXXXVIII.)

Received March 18th, read April 16th, 1878.

It is now more than forty years ago since there appeared in the Transactions of this
Society a memoir by Mr. W. S. MacLeay, and a notice in the ' Annales ' of the French
Entomological Society by M. Boisduval, in which were first made known the trans-
formations of two of the most splendid of Lepidopterous insects. These insects had,
up to that time, been regarded by most writers as butterflies, but were proved, by the
details then made known, to belong to the Heterocerous division of the order, although
their day-flying habits, and the extraordinary brilliancy of their colours, had naturally
led to their having been considered as belonging to the Rhopalocera or true butterflies.

M. Boisduval has well described one of these insects as " ce magnifique Lepidoptere,
le plus beau de la creation." Hence, as well as in consequence of the singular manner
in which systematic writers on the order have treated the position of the different
members of the group to which these brilliant insects belong, and their interesting
metamorphoses, it will not be considered irrelevant to the special subject of this me-
moir to enter into some details upon the subject, more especially as some very difficult
questions as to the rules of nomenclature are involved in the inquiry.

Amongst the species of his great genus Pajnlio, containing the whole of the day-
flying Lepidoptera, Linna;us introduced Pajjilio leilus, P. orontes, P. pafroclus, and P.
lunus, to which were added in the last century Papilio rhipheus by Drury, and P.
sloanus and P. empedocles by Cramer. Another species belonging to this group was
added by Cramer, but regarded by him as a moth, under the name of Phalcena orithea.

In 1807 there appeared in the sixth volume of Illiger's Magazine a posthumous
sketch of the proposed division of the Lepidoptera into genera by Fabricius, who had
previous to his death published his separate works on the Coleoptera {Eleutherata,
F.), Hymenoptera (Piezata, F.), Diptera (Antliata, F.), and Hemiptera (Ehyngota, F.),
in which each of these orders of insects had been cut up into very numerous genera.
In this sketch of the Lepidoptera' Fabricius placed at the head of the order (followed
by the other numerous genera of butterflies) his new genus Urania, shortly charac-

' Mr. J. G. Children published an English abstract of the proposed system of Fabricius in the ' Philosophical
Magazine and Annals ' for February 1830.

VOL. X. — PART XII. No. 1. — June \st, 1879. 4 a

c\ql334-

508 PKOF. J. O. WESTWOOD OX THE UEA^'IID.E.

terized, with P. leilus and P. patrodus mentioned as two of the seven species of which
it was stated to be composed, the names of the other five species not being given.

The name Urania proposed by Fabricius for this new genus had unfortunately been,
then recently, applied by Schreber to a genus of plants of the natural order Musacese,
from Madagascar, to «hich Adanson, Sonnerat, and Jussieu had previously given the
name of Bavenala, which the tree also bears in Madagascar. It is true that the name
Urania is still "unjustifiably"^ retained for the tree in botanical works; but surely it
ought to give way to Bavenala, in which case Urania would be free for use in ento-
mology^. It moreover does not appear to me objectionable to employ a generic name
for a group of objects in one kingdom of nature which has already been, and is even still
in use in a difiercnt kingdom. I should therefore not hesitate on both these grounds
to retain the generic name of Urania in entomology, and to consider the first species
named by Fabricius (P. leilus) as its type, that particular species being a good repre-
sentative of the group of new species which have subsequently been described as most
closely allied to P. leilus. In like manner, as P. leilus and the other new species allied
to it are good representatives of the whole group, I did not hesitate in my new edition
of Drury's work on Exotic Insects, nor do I now, to consider Urania as the type of the
family to which to which I applied and still retain the name of Uraniidae, it having in
more recent times been deemed advisable to split up the genus Urania into smaller
genera.

In 1816, Hiibner, evidently profiting by the publication of the Fabrician system in
lUiger's Magazine, retained the previously mentioned species in a single subdivision of
his great phalanx Geometrae, forming them into the first family Heroicaj of his 4th
geometrideous stirps. Lares, and subdividing them as follows in his ' Verzeichniss,'
pp. 289,290:—

Coitus 1. Laruxd^: LARUNDA, Orithmria (Orithea, Cram. 262. C, D).

Coitus 2. Lyss.k : LYSSA, AchiUaria (Patroclus, Cram. 198. A), and Patroclaria (Patroclus,
Linn., Cram. 109. A, B) .

Coitus 3. AxciDEs: ALCIDIS, Orontiaria {Orontes, Linn., Cram. 83. A, B).

Coitus 4. Chrysiridi^: CHRYSIRIDIA, Riphearia [Ripheus, Cram. 385. A, B).

Coitus 5. UranijE: URANIA, Sloanaria [Sloanus, Cram. 85.P], F); U. leilaria {Leilus, Linn.,
Cram. 85. C,D).

Coitus 6. Mani.e : MANIA, Empedoclaria {Empedocles, Cram. 199. A, B) ; M. candilunaria
{Lunus, Linn., Cram. 200. A) ; M. lunigeraria [Liinus, Cram. 200. B, C).

These six subdivisions form so many genera which it is desirable still to retain.

' To use the phrase of Loudon, Encycl. of Plants, p. 245.

- 31. Boisduval (Nouv. Aun. du Mus. ii. p. 2G0) perceived the inconvenience of the same name being em-
ployed in cntomolo{r>- and botany, but considered that the long usage of the name Urania in entomology out-
•weighed such inconvenience. " 8i le nom do ce genre n'etoit adoptc depuis long-temps par la plupart des
entomologistee, il seroit convenable de le changer parce qu'il existo deja un genre des plantes appele Urania."

PKOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIIDtE. 509

It has happened, however, unfortunately for these names of Hiibner that nearly all of
them haA-e given rise to disputes upon points of nomenclature.

The name of Hiibner's first group, Larunda had been used by Dr. Leach in 1814-15
for a genus of Crustacea, to which the name of Ci/amus had been given by Lamarck in
1801, and adopted by Latreille (as quoted by Leach himself in Linn. Trans, xi. p. 364,
where the name Larunda was proposed). It is still undecided whether a name which
has been proved to be a synonym can subsequently be used for a different genus in a
different group. The difficulty here might have been solved by the employment of
Latreille's generic name Coronis (proposed in the ' Families Naturelles' in 1825, and in
the second edition of the ' Eegne Animal' m 1829) for the Larundm of Hiibner, only
that it still more unfortunately happened— 1st, that the name Coronis itself had been
proposed by Hiibner in his ' Verzeichniss,' 1816, p. 265, for a totally different genus
belonging to the Noctuida; {Phal. stollii. Cram. pi. 310. figs. A, B) ; 2ndly, that Coronis
had also been actually proposed by Latreille himself for a genus of Squillideous Crustacea,
to which it is still applied, in the work in which he also gave it to the Lepidopterous
genus in question ; and, Srdly, that in 1827 Coronis had been given to a genus of
passerine birds by Gloger, to which, however, the name of Gymnoderus had been given
in 1809 by Geoftroy. This is the more annoying because for nearly fifty years the
generic name of Coronis has been universally applied to Phalcena orithea, Cramer, and
its congeners by all entomologists, except Dr. Felder, who in 1875 used the objection-
able Hiibnerian name Larunda, but with reservation.

Although, as I have said above, I do not consider it unadvisable to employ the
same generic name in two different kingdoms of nature, I can scarcely go so far as
to think it proper to use the same name for a genus of birds, a genus of Crustacea,
and a genus of Noctuideous moths (for if used in Lepidoptera, Hiibner's appropriation
of the name has the priority). It has, I know, been proposed recently to treat the
' Verzeichniss ' of Hiibner as a nullity ; but I cannot agree to the proposal. In many
respects, indeed, this work is most unsatisfactory; but where the author has made
(as he has often done) good arrangements of the multitudinous species of Lepi-
doptera, which had up to his days been in a chaotic state of confusion (either as
regards their family distribution or the juxtaposition of the different species), I think
it is an act of justice to give him credit for his work. To prevent farther confusion
I therefore propose in this memoir to employ the name Coronis in a slightly modified
form, Coronidia.

Hiibner's second name, Ijyssa, is also liable to the objection that in 1815 Dr. Leach
had used Lissa for a genus of Crustacea, for which it is still retained. The same name
was also used generically in Diptera by Meigen in 1820. To avoid this confusion, I
propose to modify Hiibner's name into Lyssidia.

The name Alcides, proposed by Dalman in 1820 for a genus of Coleopterous weevils,
is, of course, posterior to the employment oi Alcidis by Hiibner in 1816 ; I propose,

VOL. X. — PART MI. No, 2. — Juuc Isf, 1879. 4 b

510 PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID^.

therefore, to retain Hiibner's name, with a .slightly altered termination, fur uniformity,
into Alcidia.

The name Chrysindia, given by Hiibner to P. riphcus, is a happy one, and may be
retained for that brilliant insect; but it has unfortunately happened for Hubner's last
name, Mania, that it has been employed by Treitschke for a genus of Noctuidae, for
which it is still retained by Guenee and H. Doubleday ; I therefore have the less hesi-
tation in altering Hiibner's name into Manidia, and in rejecting the subsequent name
given to it of Sematura.

In 1825 the Swedish naturalist Dalman, in his monograph of Castnia, neglected
the arrangements of Fabricius and Hiibner, blaming the former for inserting P. orontes,
Linn., in the genus Castnia, with the observation " quae vero species minime hujus
generis sed ad Xyctalideas nostras pertinet, etsi transitum memorabilem Papilionides
inter et Nyctalideas bene offert. Genera hue pertinentia sequenti modo distribuere
tentavimus :

" CvDiMoN : Ripheus, Sloaiietis, Leilus et forte Lavinia Fabr. = Gen. Urania Fabr. Latr.'
Nyctalemon : Oronles, Patroclus.

Sematura : Lunus, JEgistus Fabr., Empedocles Herbst."
To which he adds Thysania with agrippina, odora, &c., as types, evidently identical
with the Noctuideous genus Erebus, and also doubtfully the genus Agarista of liCach
(Zool. Misc. i. tab. xv.).

It will be seen that the genus Cydimon of Dalman is equivalent to the Chrysiridia
and Urania of Hiibner, that Nyctalemon, Dalm.,= the LyssK and Alcides of Hiibner,
and that Sematura, Dalm., = Mania of Hiibner.

In 1840 (Introd. Mod. Class. Ins. ii. p. -369) I separated these insects into a single
family placed between the Sphingidse and Anthroceridae.

In 1854 Mr. "Walker, in his Catalogue of the Collection of the British Museum
(Lepidoptera Heterocera, Pt. 1), adopted the genera Urania for Leilus and Rhipheus,
Nyctalemon for Orontes and Patroclus, to which he added Lunus and its allies (gen.
Sematura, Dalman), and Coronis; which last, notwithstanding its intimate relation-
ship with Sematura, Lunus, &c., ho placed in the family Castnii, as Latreille had
done.

Lastly, in 1857, M. A. Guenee (Hist. Nat. Ins. Lep. tom. ix.) has arranged all the
preceding genera into one group, Uranides, at the head of his Phalenites ( Geometra.
Linn.), divided into four families :

1. CydimonidjE : Gen. Cydimon {Leilus kc).

2. Uranid^: Gen. Urania {Rhipheus).

3. "NvcTALiEMONiD.ii : Gcu. Alcidis {Orontes) and Nyctalemon {Patroclus &c.).

4. Sematuiiid;B : Gen. Sematura {Lunus kc.) and Coronis {Oril/iea kc).

' "Obs. Uraniic nonioii pro iusectorum genere nullo modo admittendum, etenim jamdiu ijluularum genus,
notibsimum quidom, sic vocaiuni."

PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID^. 511

Adopting the opinion of M. Boisduval, that the group before us will not enter into
any of our generally received families, and that it is " une de ces creations a part, qui
envoie a la fois un rameau vers plusieurs groupes, mais que Ton ne pent faire entrer
convenablement dans aucun " (Mon. Agarist. p. 7, extr. Rev. et Mag. de Zoologie), we
must now investigate the natural relationships of this most interesting group of insects,
wliich have been alternately regarded as butterflies and moths.

Thus Linnaeus regarded the more typical species as butterflies, and Fabricius even
[)laced them at the head of the day-flying genera. Dalman, as we have already seen,
considered that P. orontes formed the transition between the Papilionidas and the other
Uraniidae. Latreille (Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. p. 207) gave Urania and Hesperia as the
two terminal genera of the Diurna, and Castnia (into which he introduced P. orontes) as
the first genus of the Sphingides. The same arrangement was employed in the 9th
volume of the ' Encyclopedic methodique,' where Godart divided the genus Urania
into four groups :— A, Ripheus ; B, Sloaneiis and Leiliis ; C, Orontes and Patroclus ;
D, Lunus and Empedocles. In 1825 (Fam. Nat. du Regne An. p. 470), and in 1829
(Regne An. 2nd edit. iv. p. 387), Hesperia and Urania are still given by Latreille as
two genera of Hesperiido', and Castnia, Coronis, and Agarista of Leach as forming the
first tribe {Hcsperi-Spthinges) at the head of the Sphingidae.

This arrangement continued unchanged by Latreille to the last, and was adopted by
his more immediate French followers. It had, however, in the meantime met with
opposition in Germany and Sweden, Hiibner in 1816, as we have already seen, having
placed the entire group amongst the Geometridae, while Dalman had removed them
from the Diurnal Lepidoptera to form, his uncharacterized group Nyctalidese with P.
07'ontes as the connecting link between them and the butterflies. M. Guenee, however,
did not hesitate in 1857 entirely to reject their relationship with the Diurna, showing
that with respect to the characters derived from the spring and socket at the base of the
wings, the form of the antennae and palpi, the structure and armature of the legs, and
tlie venation of the wings, together with the form of the larvae, so far as known at that
time, these insects had no real relation with the Diurnal Lepidoptera (Hist. Nat. Ins.
Lep. ix. p. 3), that they formed one entire group, and that they ought to be placed
among the Noctuma ; in fact, although by being placed by some writers at the head of
the Heterocera their supposed relationship with the Hesperiidae has been in a manner
kept up, the pointed tips of the antennae of some of the species, and the spines on the
hind legs favouring such a view, they exhibit no real relationship with the Hesperiidae.

In like manner a comparison of the structural details which I have given in the
accompanying plates, with those of the Castniidae and Hepialidae published in my re-
cent memoir on the former family in the ' Transactions of the Linnean Society,' will
clearly show that the relationship of Coronis with Castnia as indicated by Latreille, and
that of Urania with Castnia as suggested by Macleay in this Society's ' Transactions,' i.
p. 188, must be completely ignored.

4b2

512 PROF. J. 0. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID.E.

Rejecting, then, the Rhopalocera (including the Hesperiidae), the typical Sphingidae,
CastniidjE, and Hepialidae, together with the whole of the Microlepidoptera, we have
to inquire which of the remaining Macrolepidopterous groups show the greatest amount
of affinity to the Uraniida;.

If we regard the Noctuida?, we find a robust body with comparatively small wings
formed for powerful fliglit, and generally marked with a peculiar reniform and a cir-
cular spot or patch in the middle of the fore wings ; the antenna? are also almost
invariably slender and setaceous, becoming gradually attenuated to the tip. In this
family, however, is found a group [Erebus'^) with the palpi elongated, terminated by a
slender joint, which probably induced Dalman to place them, under the name of
Thysania, Avith the Uraniidae.

Plate LXXXVI. fig. 4 represents the head oi Erchus [I'atula) macrops, Linn., Guen.
(Bubo. Fabr., Donovan, Ins. (llhina, pi. 44. f. 1). Tlie venation of the wings, however
(Plate LXXXVI. tig. 1 fore wing, and fig. 2 hind wing of the male, and fig. 3 hind
wing of the female), of the same Indian species of Erebm denuded of scales, is entirely
different from that of any of the Uraniidae, the fore wings having the small subcostal
cell {sc. c) and the lower discoidal vein (cS') arising close to the base of the third
branch [c 3) of the median vein from a very short transverse discocellular vein.

Mr. MacLeay, in his memoir on Urania, noticed the resemblance between the more
or less spherical eggs of Urania and Catocala. The last-named genus, however, is
an aberrant one in the family Noctuidae ; and the oology of the Lepidoptera has not
been sufficiently studied to allow much weight to be given to the character of the eggs
of these insects. At all events, as Mr. MacLeay remarked, the form of the eggs of
Urania is a very common one in Lepidopterous insects. Hence we may reject the
Noctuidae from amongst the near relations of the Uraniidae.

Of the remaining families, typified by the Linnean genera Bombyx and Geouictra^
M. Guenee is decidedly in favour of the latter : — " II me semble," says he (Hist. Nat.
Ins. Lep. ix. p. 4), " qu'aucune ne pent hitter a cet egard avec les Geometres. Nous
retrouvons d'abord dans la premiere faraille de ces dernieres que personne ne sera
tente de disputer aux Phalenes une nervulation [venation] exactement semblable. Les
antennes quoique legerement renflees pres du sommet chez plusieurs Uranides, sont fili-
formes ou plutot setacees, et tout le raonde sait que ce n'est que chez les Geometra que
cette forme est vraiment normale. L' absence des stemmates et des taches reniformes
et orbiculaires suffit pour les eloigner des Noctuelles et les rapprocher des Geometra oil
ces caracteres manquent egalement. Les queues des ailes inferieures, avec les taches
ocellees qui les accompagnent ne se retrouvent que chez les Geometres de la premiere
famille ou chez les Saturnides qui les precederont dans la distribution que j'ai adoptee.
L'aspect general des deux dernieres families, leurs ailes minces, etendues, leur vol diurne

' JI. lioisduval (in Nouv. Ann. du Mils. ii. p. 2G0j introduced the gonus Urania bet\V(.'eu Erebus and the
Gcometrida?.

PEOr. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID.^. 513

les poussent encore vers cette division. Quant aux premiers etats, il y a sons doute du
pour et du contre, cependant ceux de Y Urania rhipheus sont tellement decisifs, que
personne n'a hesite a la rejeter dans les Phalenes."

Mr. Packard, in his fine monograph upon the American Geometrideous Moths, goes
even further than M. Guenee. On account of the structure of the head^ in the Ura-
nides he cannot agree with Guenee in regarding them as a family distinct from the
Geometridse. He adds, " The venation is also much as in the Phalaenidae " (a group of
the Geometridae), there being only three median nervules, on which account he regards
them as forming the highest subfamily of the Phalsenidse. " I am aware that the larvte
have sixteen feet, no other Phalsenid having more than fourteen " (Mon. p. 22).

Mr. Packard, who has devoted six plates and nearly 150 figures to represent the
venation of the wings of the genera of Geometrideous moths, gives the following as
the general character of the venation of the family : — " Usually six subcostal venules,
always but three median venules ; no submedian vein, sometimes a fold representing it.
A subcostal cell often present, sometimes two, the cell being formed almost invariably
by the anastomosis of the first subcostal venule with its vein. Independent vein well
marked, usually in the middle of the discal space " (p. 16).

I have copied from Mr. Packard's plates one of the most characteristic figures of the
fore wings of the Geometridae (Plate LXXXVI. fig. 7), representing that of Ihjdfia
undulata, Packard (pi. i. fig. 14), in which we see two small prediscoidal cells distinct
from the costal vein, the upper discoidal vein (b5«) arising at a distance beyond the
discoidal cell from what I consider as normally constituting the basal portion of the
branch B 2 or more probably of B 3. . In the fore wing of Eumacaria Irumiearia,
Packard (pi. iii. fig. 7), we see only a single small prediscoidal cell, the first branch of
the subcostal vein uniting with the costal vein near its extremity, Avhilst the upper
discoidal vein (b5») extends backwards so as to form the upper extremity of the
discoidal cell, the basal portion of the upper discoidal vein being the upper discocellular
veinlet of E. Doubleday, and the lower discoidal vein (c3*) arising halfway between
the branch B5» and c"j from an oblique veinlet, the upper part of which forms the
middle discocellular veinlet of E. Doubleday, and the lower part being his lower dis-
cocellular veinlet.

On looking over Mr. Packard's numerous figures of the veining of the wings, we see

' The following are the characters of the head of C'l/diiiion le'dus (which, following Guenee, ilr. Packard has
introduced at the end of the Geometridae) given hy the last-named writer : —

" Cydimon leilus (pi. vi. f. 25'). The occiput and epicranium are small and narrow, the antennte being in-
serted on the summit of the head ; the epicranium is very small, the basal joints of the antennae being large
and near together. The clypcus occupies the entire front, being much longer than broad, narrow, tlie sides
parallel, not narrowing in front, and the surface flush with the eyes ; the front edge is slightly arcuato, being
slightly produced in the middle of the edges, with lateral foramina distinct. Mandibles rather long, incurved,
and with the usual dense golden seta; lying over the base of the maxillae. Labrum small, narrow. Maxill.e
\\ ell developed."

514 PROr. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID^,.

tliat the tendency to form one, two, or even three small cells by the brauchlets of the
subcostal vein more or less anastomosing together, near the middle of the fore margin
of the fore wing, is one of the most constant characters of the Geometridae. No such
small cell occurs in the Uraniida;' ; nor, as Mr. Packard remarks, is any Geometrideous
larva known having the normal number of sixteen feet, in consequence of which the
peculiar mode of locomotion exhibited by the " looper " caterpillars of the latter
family is rendered necessaiy. In the Uraniidae, on the contrary, the larvae have sixteen
feet ; for, even in that of Urania rhiphcus, as described by M. Sganzin, " il n'y avait
aucune interruption de pattes," although when walking they are said to have " quel-
ques rapports avec les chenilles dites Arpenteuses et dans le repos elles formaicnt
entierement la boucle."

On casting our eyes over the extensive family of the Gcometridie there are a few
species which, in their larger size and in the possession of a short tail to each of the
hind wings, approach more nearly to the Uraniidae than the rest. Urapteryx, with
which M. Guenee commences the series of the Geometridae, forming " un assez bon
passage aux Uramdes," is remarkable for the arrangement of the veins of the wings,
recalling to mind that of the Saturnides, and differing from the general types of the
family. Plate LXXXVI. fig. 5 represents the veins of the fore wing, and fig. 6 those
of the hind wings of U. sambucaria. It is true that we here see three branches to the
median vein and the lower discoidal (c3»), or the independent vein of Mr. Packard,
arising from the middle of the extremity of the discoidal cell ; but both on the fore and
hind wings a branch (representing the upper discoidal vein, Bo», in the fore wings) is
wanting, as is also the small subcostal discoidal cell or cells.

There are, however, certain moths, natives of the Malayan archipelago, which ex-
hibit a much closer resemblance to the Uraniidae than Urapteryx in the arrangement
of the veins of their wings, the hind pair of which are likewise furnished with a
short broad tail, marked (like that of Urapteryx) with a somewhat eye-like black spot.
These form the genus Strophidia of Hiibner and Felder (Micronia., group 1, H. N.
Ix'p. X. p. 24), the first species of which [Micronia astheniata, from Borneo) is named
by M. Guenee after my genus Atsfhenia (upon which observations will be found in the
later part of this memoir). Other species are : — M. caudata. Fab. (fasciata, Cram,
pi. 104. f. D) ; 31. ohtusata, Guen. pi. 5. f. 6 (errore caudata) ; M. aciileata, Guen. pi. 13.
f. 8 ; il/. striataria, Lima., Clerck, pi. 55. Two very typical species have also been figured
by Messrs. Felder and liogenhoft^r (Strojiliidia 2)a}inata, Novara Exp. pi. cxxviii. fig. 39,
from Ilalmaheira and Salwatti, and 8. phantasmah, ib. fig. 40, from Gebeh, Java {Hern-
stein)). Plate LXX^'I. fig. 8 represents the venation of the anterior, and fig. 9 tliat of
the posterior wing of a typical species of this genus closely allied to S. phantasmah, whidi

' ]n Cliri/sirulia rhipheus (Pl.LXXXV. fig. 15) there is a very narrow elonp^tcd subdiscoidal cell, resulting
from the abortion of the extremity of the second branch of the postcostal vein (I 2) and its coalescing with the
base of the third branch (6 3), quite unlike that of any of the Geometridic.

PEOF. J. 0. WESTWOOD ON THE UEAJN'IID^. 515

I received from the Leyden Museum, and which appears to be undescribed'. On com-
paring the venation of this insect vpith that of the Uraniidse (e. g. sloanus &c.), it will be
seen that they are so nearly identical that no doubt could be entertained of their affinity
if we were assured that the larvae of the Strophklice Avere not loopers, and possessed
the full complement of sixteen legs. It will, however, be remarked that M. Guenee
(H. N. Lep. X. p. 24) is by no means absolutely satisfied that the Strophidice are really
geometrideous, since he enters into a description of the differences which separate them
from Asthenidia, Westw., which he assumes to belong to the Bombycides.

In instituting this genus Asthenia^ in the volume of Exotic Moths in Jardine's ' Natu-
ralist's Library,' Entom., vii. 1841, p. 209, pi. xxix. f. 1, I regarded the type, A. jjoda-
liriaria, as belonging to the Geometridse, pointing out its chief distinctive characters,
especially the short strongly bipectinated antennae, the very short and weak legs and body,
and the venation of the wings. The latter character is here represented (Plate LXXVl.
fig. 10, fore and hind wings oi A. 2)odaliriaria), whence it will be seen that, whilst differhig
considerably from Uraptenjx, it approximates more closely to StropJddia, from which
it, however, differs at once in wanting several of the branches of the postcostal vein of
the fore wings. M. Guenee directs attention to the woolly forehead, the bipectinated
antennae, the short indistinctly jointed palpi, the rudimental spiral tongue, the short
woolly body, the short legs, woolly anterior tibiae and basal joint of the tarsi, the vena-
tion of the wings, and especially to the fact that " tons les rameaux costaux [of the
subcostal vein of the fore wings] sont retranches comme chez toutes les Saturnides,"
as so many characters separating Asthenidia from Strophidia, and consigning it to the
Bombycides — an opinion in which I am iully prepared to acquiesce from a careful ex-
amination of various Saturnideous types.

Regarding, then, the relationship between Asthenia and Urapteryx as one of analogy,
and not of affinity, and considering Asthenia as belonging to the great group of Bom-
bycidae, and that Strophidia is more nearly allied to Asthenia than it is to Urapteryx, I
conceive that we shall be warranted in placing the Uraniidae at a distance from the
Geometridte and amongst the Bombycidae, on account, 1st, of the structure of the larva
of Coronidia, Uranidia, and Chrysiridia, and, 2ndly, the venation of the wings destitute
of a small cell. The long slender terminal joint of the palpi, and the prolongation of
the hind wings into caudate appendages, appear to me to be of secondary importance
in determining the relations of the group.

' The following are its short characters : —

Strophidia vollenhovh, Westw. Alis albis, anticarum margine tenui antico et apicali fasciisque duabus
transversis mediis pallida fuscis, posticarum fascia e medio costse ad angulum aiialem alteraque apicali pallidc
fuscis, maculis duabus nigids caudalibus. Exp. alar antic, una. 2|.

Hob. In ins. Malayanis (Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniie).

- As the name Asthenia has been elsewhere employed in Diptera, it may be well to slightly modify it to
prevent all confusion. I propose, therefore, to change the Lepidopterous name to Asthenidia.

516 PROF. .1. O. WESTW'OOD OX THE URANIID.E.

'I'lio fact that Cindart, in the ' Encyclopedie im'thodique,' described a species of Com-
nidia as an Ayarixfa, that Latreille placed the two genera in jiixtaposition, and that
M. Boisduval had united the three genera named by him Urania (Chri/siridia), Ci/rlimou
{Uranidia), and Ni/cfalenwn {Alcidia and Lyssidia) as three of the tribes of his family
Agaristidees in his ' Monographic dcs Agaristidees,' render it necessary to inquire
how far this relationship is real. It is true that the shape of the antenna; in Uranidia
agrees with that of Agarista, and that the armature of the four posterior tibia; is
similar ; but the arrangement of the wing-veins in the two groups is wholly unlike, as
may be seen by comparing my figures accompanying the present memoir witli that of
Agarista lindigii given by me in the ' Transactions of the Linnean Society,' Ser. 2, Zool.
vol. i. pi. xxix. fig. 24, which exhibits the small lozenge-shaped cell (occurring also in
(Hhria augias, tab. cit. fig. 18, Ilespagarisfa interjecta, ibid. fig. 22), of which there is
no trace in Uranidia, where the lower discoidal vein is far removed at its base from the
terminal portion of the median system of veins.

A more careful examination than has hitherto been published of the anangcmcnt of
the veins of the wings in the chief types of the Bombycidfe discloses the fact, that
there is more variation amongst them in this respect than is to be met with in other
great groups, such as the Sphingidte, Noctuida;, and Geometridse, and hence that a
discrepancy between the veining of the wings of the Uraniidie and the Bombycida; is
not a sufficient argument for their rejection from the latter. In the accompanying
Plate LXXXVI. I have given figures of a few of the leading types of Bombycidte,
commencing with those in which some of the branches of the veins are obsolete, and
terminating with some which have the full complement of veins and branches. It is
remarkable that the gigantic types of the Bombycidae {Attacus atlas and its allies), not-
withstanding the comparatively large size of the wings, should have several branches
wanting ; and it is not easy to trace tlie precise analogies of some of those which remain.
In this species the strong costal vein of the fore wings {a) extends about three fourths
of the length of the entire costa ; the subcostal vein has apparently only three instead of
five branches ; the jBrst branch (J i) arises at a short distance before the extremity of the
discoidal cell, and reaches the costa halfway between the extremity of the costal vein
and the tip of the wing ; the second branch {b 2) of the subcostal arises at a moderate
distance beyond the cell and reaches the tip of the wing, whilst the main branch {b s)
extends to the middle of the rounded hook or apex of the wing. From the underside
of the subcostal vein, just beyond the branching of the first branch, extends a vein
obliquely, forming a portion of the anterior margin of the glassy disk, and branching
into two branches at the middle of this vitreous spot. Are these two branches the
fourth and fiftli branches of the subcostal vein ■? or are they the two discoidal branches
of Mr. E. Doubleday, one of which I have considered as supplemental to the subcostal
series, and the other to the median series? In their position they exactly correspond
to the arrangement of the veins in Morpho, as represented by Mr. Doubleday (Gen. I).

PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD OX THE UEANIID.i:. 517

Lep. pi. A. fig. 3), the only difference being that in that figure we have all the five
branches and the postcostal vein. In that work these two branches are rightly regarded
as the two discoidal branches, whilst in Attacus, as in MorjjJio, we only find three clearly
defined branches of the median vein, c i, c 2, c 3.

In Attacvs j^avonia minor (Plate LXXXVI. fig. 11} we have the same small number
of branches in the fore wing as in A. atlas, with the exception that the first branch
of the postcostal vein (b') is so very short and slender as to be scarcely visible, arising
nearly at the tip of the wing and almost immediately joining the costa; the difficulty
as to the two discoidal branches (b4 = ? 35* and 35 = 1 c3») is the same as in A. atlas.
In Aglaia tau (fig. 14) the same arrangement of the veins of the fore wings exists as in
A. atlas. In the large long-tailed Bombycidse [Actias luna &c., Plate LXXXVI. fig. 15,
fore wing, fig. 16, hind wing) we have the same arrangement of the median and two
supposed discoidal veins ; but the postcostal vein has an extra fourth branch ; the first
[b 1) arises at about three fourths of the length of the costal margin, and extends to
its five-sixth portion, whilst the second branch {b 2) is exceedingly short and close to
the tip of the wing, just as in Pawnia minor ; the third branch extends {b 3) to the
tip of the wing, and is followed by a long branch {b 4), which agrees equally with the
branch {b 3) in Pawnia minor ; the fifth postcostal branch is wanting, whilst the two
discoidal ones (bo* and C3*) arise from a very short basal vein near the extremity of
the discoidal cell. In the tailed hind wings of this group (by which they are rendered
to a certain degree analogous to some of the Uraniidse) the three branches of the me-
dian vein (c 1, c 2, <? 3) run to the extremity of the long tail. Such is also the case with
the remarkable Phalcena brachyiira of Cramer, from tropical Africa, whilst in Eudcemonia
semiramis (Plate LXXXVI. fig. 13) the long tail is strengthened by the third subcostal
branch as well as the second and short third median branches. (In the Uraniideous
genera Manidia and Coronidia the tail of the hind wings is strengthened by two of the
branches of the median vein, whilst in Uranidia leilus it bears only the third median
branch.)

In Saturnia certhia, Fabr., we find a deficiency in one of the branches of the post-
costal vein, the first branch arising at about three fourths of the length of the wing, the
second branch extending to the tip, the third and fourth arising at about the middle
of the wing at some distance beyond the discoidal cell, whilst the two discoidal branches,
as well as the third branch of the median veins, arise from the transverse extremity of
the discoidal cell.

In Endromis versicolor (Plate LXXXVI. fig. 12) we find the full complement of
veins and branches in the fore wings ; and here the two discoidal branches are so placed
as completely to prove (as it seems to me) that the upper one (b5») is a portion of the
postcostal series, and that the lower one (c3») is a portion of the median series. The
discoidal cell is here closed by a much curved discocellular vein, emitting two veinlets
running towards the base of the wing within the cell, which might be assumed to be

VOL. X. — PAKT XII. No. 3. — June 1st, 1879. 4 c

518 PEOF, J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UKAXIID^.

the representatives of the lost basal portions of the discoidal branches, if these should
be considered distinct from the two series, postcostal and median.

In Gasti'opacha quercifoUa there is also the full complement of veins and branches
Plate LXXX^'I. fig. 17) ; but here the binary system of the branches into postcostal
and median is still more marked, the branch marked C3» being as completely a
branch of the median vein as either c 2 or c 3 (in which respect it agrees with Fajnlio),
whilst B5. is as completely a portion of the postcostal series as B 5 or B 4, the latter of
which will be seen to arise at the upper extremity of the discoidal cell. In Gastr.
expansa, b 4 arises beyond the cell, whilst the basal portion of B 2 and B 3 arises at
the extremity of the cell (where B 4 arises in G. quercifoUa) ; so that the first postcostal
branch (b 1) is the only branch arising from the upper margin of the discoidal cell.

The only other Bombycideous insects which I shall here notice belong to the singular
genus i:/>/fo/>e/«, Westw. (Arc. Ent. i. pi. 5), founded upon certain Indian moths which
have entirely the appearance of some species oi Papilio. The late Mr. Edward Double-
day, to whom I applied for his opinion on the relations of this singular genus, ob-
served "that it seems to partake of the characters oi Papilio, Urania, and that group
of Bombyces to which B. hum belongs. The last-named species has no bridle to the
wings, no maxillae ; and there is some resemblance in the neuration of the wings. But
I must confess that I see no real connexion between the two insects. My impression
is that it must be nearer the Uranice, some of which, in form, nearly resemble it ; but
all these have maxillae and the discoidal cell of the posterior wings open, and two pairs
of spines, I think, to the posterior tibia;. The one middle spine to the anterior tibiae
is found in some Uranice."

In Epicojfeia polydora 5 (Plate LXXXVI. fig. 18) we have the full complement
of the veins of the fore wings arranged almost as in Saturnia certhia, except that the
second and third postcostal branches arise from the front margin of the fourth branch,
which, as well as the fifth branch, arises from the upper extremity of the discoidal cell,
wliich emits the two discoidal branches and the third median branch from its truncated
extremity, as in Saturnia certhia. The hind wings are very remarkable, terminating in
a very broad tail, which is traversed by all the three branches of the postcostal vein.

Although the relationship of Epicopeia with Urania, pointed out by Mr. Doubleday,
does not appear to me so strong as it did to him, the nearer relationship of the former
being, as it seems to me, towards certain of the Chalcosideous Bombycidte, it is impos-
sible not to see that we have in all these insects a proof of the stronger relationship of
Urania with the Bombyces than with any other of the Heterocera.

It remains to notice the structure of these insects in their preparatory states, which
equally supports the opinion advanced above, that the group is to be referred to the
great division of the Bombyces. The transformations of Urania boisduvalii (U fernan-
din(B, MacL.) are fully described by Mr. MacLeay in his memoir in the first volume of
the ' Transactions ' of this Society. The larva cannot, from his account and figure.

PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD OX THE UEAJVIID^. 519

be referred either to the Hesperideous, Sphingideous, or Geometrideous divisions of
the order. " Its head," says Mr. MacLeay, " is not set on the body by means of a
narrow neck, as in the larvte of the true Hesperidce. It can run about as quickly as the
larvae of any Bombycidse, and shows little affinity to the caterpillars of the diurnal
Lepidoptera, which usually have a slow motion. In form it agrees very closely with the
caterpUlar of Agarista, as figured by Lewin, but is more simple, having no hinder pro-
tuberances on the penultimate segment." It, indeed, appears to me to bear a close
resemblance to the larva of the bufi'-tip moth, B. lucephala, Linn. Mr. MacLeay de-
scribes the cocoon of this insect as made of loose dirty yellow silk, the meshes of which
were so few as to allow the inmate to be easily seen ; but his figure represents a much
more solid structure. The chrysalis, which is not at all angular, moreover, is said to
repose in a horizontal position — circumstances which bear upon the question whether
the chrysalis is supported by a thread girt round the middle of the body, as in the
butterflies with perfect fore legs, and which does not appear likely to be the case with
the C/y'rtw/ff-chrysalis. The transformations of U. rhipheus were observed by M. Sganzin
in Madagascar, and communicated to M. Boisduval, by whom they were published in
his " Monographie des Agaristidees," in the ' Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,' 1874.
On the 9 th of August " la femelle pondit un grand nombre d'oeufs blancs agglomeres
ensemble et places sur les feuilles de manguier. Au bout d'une douzaine de jours

les ceufs vinrent d'eclore La chenille en grossissant changeait de couleur et

devenait de plus en plus noiratre. Quand elle eut quelques lignes de grandeur, on
apercevait tres-distinctement de petites epines jaunatres et deux petits cornes roses
retractiles ; elles les faisaient mouvoir ^ volonte et les rentraient quand on les inqui-
etait le moindrement et surtout lorsqu'on les exposait a I'ombre. En grossissant mes
chenilles prenaient une singuliere forme, elles s'elargissaient vers le milieu et devenaient
minces aux extremites. On apercevait sur les cotes un feston a dents de loup, com-
pose de plusieurs bandes regulieres de points blancs, verts et jaunes ; les cornes deve-
naient d'un rose fonce, tirant sur le carmin : elles avaient dans leur marche quelques
rapports avec les chenilles dites Arpenteuses, et dans le repos, elles formaient entiere-
ment la boucle; cela m'a paru d'autant plus extraordinaii-e, qu'il n'y avait aucune
interruption de pattes comme cela a lieu chez les Arpenteuses. La plus grande des
chenilles pouvait avoir trois ponces de longueur ; toutes les autres etaient plus petites.
II est possible que dans I'etat de liberte elles prennent plus d'accroissement. Lorsque
les chenilles ont fait leurs chrysalides, elles se sont attachees au moyen d'un fil passe
au milieu du corps ; je crois qu'elles etaient aussi attenantes par la queue. La chry-
salide etait verte, conique, et un pen anguleuse, avec des bandes dorees placees hori-
zontalement depuis la tete jusqu'a la queue. L'extremite etait d'un vert bien plus
fence et parsemee d'un grand nombre de points dores. Les papillons sont restes 21
jours en chrysalides."

Three circumstances in M. Sganzin's account merit notice, as showing differences not

4c2

520 PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID.E.

mentioned by Mr. MacLeay : — 1st, the retractile rosy-coloured tentacles of the larvee ;
2ndly, its somewhat Geometriform movement; and, 3rdly, the want of a cocoon (at
least no mention is made thereof by M. Sganzin), and the girt condition of the chry-
salis.

I am able to add descriptions and figures of the larva and pupa of a species of the
genus C'oroiiidia, allied to C. orithea, which had been observed by Herr Moritz at
Bogota, and to which he had applied the nam.e of C. regina. The specimens of the
larva and pupa were carefully prepared, and were in the collection of Dr. Kaden, of
Dresden, where 1 examined and made the drawings of them here published (PI. LXXXV.
figs. 1, 2). The caterpillar has a small head, and the prothorax is smaller and thinner
than the following segment. The general colour is luteous, with black spots and a black
head ; on the prothorax are ten small shining points, forming an oval patch placed
transversely ; the segments of the body are furnished with two small conical luteous
tubercles, and on the second, sixth, and seventh segments are two erect black, slightly
curved spines. The chrysalis is oval, entire, without conical protuberances ; the tongue-
case is considerably elongated beyond the wing-cases ; and the extremity of the body
forms an acute deflexed spine. It is enclosed in a loose open-work cocoon spun at the
base of a folded leaf.

The following Table combines the principal characters of the sections and genera
comprising the family Uraniidse, details of which are illustrated in Plate LXXXV.

Family Uraniid^, Westw., Introduction, ii. p. 3Gi) (1840).
Uranides, Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 1.
Cydimonii, Blanchard, II. N. Ins. ii. p. 318 ; Walker, List Brit. Mus. Lep. Ilet. p. 4.

A. Fore wiugs with the fifth branch of the subcostal vein {b 5) emitting tlie upper discoidal vein
[b 5 *) at a considerable distance beyond the discoidal cell.

a. {Cydimon Dalm.) Palpi with the terminal joint very short.

* [Cydimonidos Blanchard, Guenee.) Hind wings with the second and third branches of the

median vein produced into the long tail ; second branch of the subcostal vein free. —
Gen. Ur.widia, AYestw.; type U. leilus (figs. 13, 14).
** {Urania Blanchard, Gueuee.) Each of the veins of the hind wings prolonged into a tail ;
second branch of the subcostal vein of the fore wing coalescing with the third branch
halfway between the cell and the tip of the wing. — Gen. Chrvsiridia, Hb. ; type V.
rhipheus (figs. 15, 16).

b. [Nyctalemon Dahn., Nyctakmonidte Guenee.) Palpi with the terminal joint long, slender, and

pointed.

* Each of the veins of the hind wings produced into a short scallop, postcostal vein of fore wings

wanting the 2nd branch (62). — Gen. Alcidia, "Westw.; type U. orontes (figs. 17, 18).
** Hind wings with the second and third branches of the median vein produced into a long
tail. — Gen. Lyssidia, Westw.; type U. patroclus (figs. 19, 20),

PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANUD^. 621

B. {Sematurida Gueuee.) Fore wings with the upper diseoidal vein [b 5 *) arising at a short dis-
tance beyond the diseoidal cell, between the cell and the origin of the second branch of the
subcostal vein [b 2) .

a. Diseoidal cell of the hind wings terminating at a distance before the emission of the first branch

of the median vein. — Gen. Manidia, Westw. ; type U. lunus (figs. 10-12).

b. Diseoidal cell of the hind wings extending nearly to the emission of the third branch of the

median vein. — Gen. Coronidia, Westw.; type U. orithea (figs. 1-9).

Genus 1. Ukanidia, Westw.
(Details, Plate LXXXV. figs. 13, 14.)

Urania (pars) Fabricius, in Illig. Mag. vi. ; Hiibner, Verz. ; Latreille.
Cydimon (pars ult.) Dalman (1824), Kongl. Vet. Acad. p. 392.
Cydimon Guende, Felder, Blanchard, Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 10.
Urania (pars prior). Walker, List B.M. Lap. Het. p. 4.
Leilus (pars), Swainson, Zool. 111. n. ser. pi. 129.

The species of this genus are remarkable for the habit of migrating in large numbers,
as described by Mr. MacLeay in his paper in the Society's 'Transactions.' Such flights
of U. leilus are also described in ' Nature,' iv. pp. 12, 13, 494 ; and the annual migrations
of TJ. fulgens from east to west in August and September, across the Isthmus of Panama,
are described in the same journal (' Nature,' viii. p. 536).

Sp. 1. Ukanidia leilus.
Papilio leilus, Linn. S. N. ii. "50; Clerck, Icon. pi. 27. f. 1 ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 85. f. C, D;
Fabricius, Syst. Gloss. {Urania, L.) ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 7; Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874,
p. 10 [Cydimon, L.).
Lars heroica leilaria, Hiibner, Samml. ex. Schm. [L. B. heroica), pi. a. f. 1, 2.
Leilus surinamensis , Swainson, Zool. HI. 2nd ser. pi. 125.
Hah. Cayenne, Surinam.

Sp. 2. Uranidia amphielus.
Cydemon amphielus, Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. ] 1.
Cydimon leilus, var., Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 7.

Hub. Trinidad.

Sp. 3. Ur.\nidia brasiliensis.
Leilus brasiliensis, Swainson, Zool. 111. 2nd ser. pi. 126; Gueuee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 7, pi. 1. f. 1.
Hah. Brazil.

Sp. 4. Uranidia caci(;a.

Cydimon cacica, Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 8; Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 11.
Hah. Mexico, Acapulco.

522 PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD OX TKE UEANIID.E.

Sp. 5, Uraxidia poevi.

Urania poeyi, Herrich-Schaffer, Corr. zool. Ver. Regeusburg, xx. 1868 (p. 43, Lep.) ; Felder, Novara,
Lep. V. pi. cxxi. figs. 6, 7.

Hab. Cuba.

Sp. 6. UUAXIDIA BOISDUVALII.
Urania boisduvalii, Guerin, Icon. R. An. p. 490, Ins. pi. 82. f. 1 ; Griffith, An. Kingd. Ins. pi. 99 ;

Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 8; Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 12.
Urania fernanditue, ^MacLeay, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. 1834, p. 180, pi. 26.

Hab. Cuba.

Sp. 7. Uraxidia fl'lgens.
Urania fulgens, Boisduval, MSS.; Walker, List B.M. Lep. Het. p. 5 ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 9;
Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 16, Lepid. Guatemala, p. 77.

Hab. Columbia, Guatemala, Mexico.

Sp. 8. UEANiniA sloaxus.
Papilio sloanus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 85. figs. E, F; Sloane, Jamaica, ii. pi. 239. f. 11, 12 ;
Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 709 {Urania, S.) ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 9 ; Boisduval, Rev. Zool.
1874, p. 15.
Papilio leilus, var. /3, Gmelin, i. pp. 5, 2, 237 ; Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 122.
Urania sloanaria, Hvibncr, Verz. p. 289.
Leilus occidentalis, Swainson, Zool. 111. 2nd ser. pi. 129.
Hab. Jamaica.

Genus 2. Chrysiridia, Dalm.
(Details, Plate LXXXV. figs. 15, 16.)
Chrysiridia, Hiibner (Verz.).

Urania, Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 7 ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 11'.
Urania (pars ult.). Walker, List B. M. Lep. Het. p. 4.
Cydlmon (pars prima), Dabn. 1825.

Thaliura, Dimcan in Jardine, Nat. Lib. Lep. p. 195 (1837).
Leilus (pars), Swainson, Zool. III. n. ser. pi. 130.
Rhipheus, Swainson, Zool. lU. u. ser. pi. 131.

Sp. 1 (9). Chrysiridia rhipueus.
Papilio rhipheus, Drury, ii. pi. 23. f. 1, 2, Index, col. 2 ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 385. f . A, B ;
Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 709 {Urania rh.) ; Boisduval, Faune Ent. Madagascar, Lep., pi. 14.
f. 1, 2, and Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 8 ; Crochard's edit. R. An. Atlas Ins. pi. 144. f. 3 ; Guenee,
Sp. Gen. ix. p. 12.
Urania prometheus, Drapiez, Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. iii. pi. 8. f. 1, 2,
Leilus orientalis, Swainson, Zool. 111. 2nd ser. pi. 130.

' Fabricius does not mention U. rhiplieus amongst his types of Urania.

PEOr. J. O. "WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID^. 523

Rhipheus dasycephalus, Swainson, op. cit. pi. 131.

Urania druryi, Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 8.

Urania rhipheus, var., Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 12.

Chrysiridia riphearia, Hiibner, Verz. p. 289.

Urania madagascariensis, Lesson, Illustr. d. Zool. pi. xxxiii.

Hah. Madagascar; China"? (Z'ra/'y'); BengaU (Crawer) ; CoromandeU ; St. Helena 1
{Bory de St. Vincent).

I am quite satisfied that the figure given by Drury was taken from a specimen which
had the hind wings mutilated, and the head replaced by that of a Papilio. Drury gave
China as the locality of his specimen, which is also clearly erroneous ; but whether the
specimen had been brought from Madagascar or from some part of the eastern coast of
Africa is uncertain. In the latter case his insect may be geographically distinct from
the Madagascar individuals ; and this would enable us to account for the variations in
the markings of the wings pointed out by Swainson, Guenee, and Boisduval. Until,
however, we receive individuals agreeing with Drury 's figure, I should be inclined to
think that the variations pointed out resulted from the evidently imperfect and
partially rubbed condition of Drury's insect.

According to M. Sganzin, who captured numbers of C. rhipheus in Madagascar, the
small neighbouring island of Sainte-Marie possesses a smaller species, thus noticed by
him in his communication to M. Boisduval : — " II existe aussi une petite espece que je
crois tres-differente de la premiere ( U. rhipheus). On ne I'a pas rencontre a la meme
epoque, et je ne crois pas qu'on la trouve a la grande terre ; je ne I'ai jamais vue qu'a
Sainte-Marie; elle parait en mars et avril," the true U. rhipheus appearing in the
winged state in September.

Sp. 2 (10). Chrysiridia macleayii.
Urania macleayii, Montrouzier, Ann. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, ser. 2, viii. p. 410.
Hob. Woodlark Island.

Sp. 31 (111)- Chrysiridia crcesus.
Thaliura cratsws, Gerstaecker, in Ai-chiv f. Naturg. xxxvii. p. 361, and V. d. Decken, Reisen in
Ost-Afrika, Ins. p. 383, tab. xvi. f. 4.

" A Thai, rhipheo, Cr., diflfert alarum anticarum fascia media smaragdina latiore, mar-
ginem externum versus furcatim divisa, strigis dimidii apicalis densioribus, posticarum
area smaragdina et igneo-cuprea uberius nigro conspersa et fasciata, appendiculis 3
posticis brevioribus, alls anticis infra ubique subsequaliter midi-undulatis, posticarum
area basali obscurius cseruleo-viridi." Exp. alar. mill. 78 s, 92 2 .

Hah. Ins. Zanzibar.

I examined specimens of this supposed species in the hands of M. Deyrolle in Paris,

On the supposed Asiatic locality of this species see Trimen

Linn. Soc. Zool. xi. p. 284.

524 PEOF. ,T. O. WESTWOOD OX THE URAXIID^.

which did not, however, appear to me to be specifically distinct from C. 7'hipheus. Such
is also tlie opinion of M. Lucas, who states that all the transitional forms occur be-
tween U. rhipheus and U. crasus. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. [5] vi. pp. cxxvii, cxxviii.

Genus 3. Alcidia, ^^'estw.

(DetaUs, Plate LXXXV. figs. 17, 18.)

Alcidis, Hubuer (Vcrz. 1816) ; Guen^c, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 13 (nee Alddes, Dahn. 1826, Gen. Curcul.).

Nyctalemon (pars prior), Dalman, Walker, List B.M. Lep. Het. i. p. 7; Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874,

p. 17.

Sp. 1 (12). Alcidia oroxtes.
Papilio orontes, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 750; Clerek, Icon. pi. 26. f. 1 ; Cramer, Pap. E.\ot. i. pi. 83.
figs. A, B; Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 710 [Urania o.) ; Hopffcr, Ncue Schm. Heft 2, tab. 11,
figs. 1, 2.
Alcidis orontiaria, Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schm., Lar., B. her. 3, f. 3, l.

Uab. Amboina, Ceram, Gilolo, New Guinea, Cape Grafton, north-east coast of New
Holland.

Sp. 2 (13). Alcidia liris.

Alcidis liris, Fclder, Wiener ent. Monatschr. Bd. iv. p. 250 ; llcise d. Novara, Lep. pi. cxxi. fig. 2.
Hab. Batchian {Wallace).

Sp. 3 (14). Alcidia arnus.
Alcidis arnus, Felder, Reise d. Novara, Lep. pi. cxxi. fig. 1 .
Hab. Insula Aru^ (Lorqttin). In Mus. Brit. &c.

Sp. 4 (15). Alcidia cydnus.
Nyctalemon cydnus, Felder, in Wiener ent. Monatsch. iii. pi. 3. f. 1, p. 179.

Var. AVith band of hind wings very broad, extending nearly to the anal angle (Aru).
An y. metaurus, Hopff". ?

Hab. Dorey, New Guinea (Mus. Brit.); Polynesia'? (Felder).

Sp. 5 (16). Alcidia zodaic.\.
Nyctalemon zodaica, Butler, in Entom. M. Mag. vol. v. p. 273.

"^2. Alse supra nigrse, ad basin virescentes, fascia media commuui lata aureo-viridi ;
anticse fascia altera lineolari subapicali, pallidiore striolisque costalibus ad basin aureo-
albidis ; posticce cauda cajruleo-alba, ciliis albis ; macula squamisque submarginalibus
analibus, corpus virescens abdomine pallidiori. Alge subtus pallide virescentes, fasciis
fere velut in K. orontiaria, Hiibner {orontes, Linn.), maculis autcm posticis subapica
libus in margine subrotundatis viridibus ; corpus thorace albido, abdomine aurantiaco,
cirris maris perlongis ochreis. Expans. alar. una. 4, lin. 7."

PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID^. 525

Except in being more bronzed in the colour of the wings, this species scarcely differs
from A. agathyrsus.

Hah. North China {Fortune). In Brit. Mus.

Sp. 6 (17). Alcidia agathtrsus.

Nyctalemon agathyrsus, Kirsch, Mittheil. zool. Mus. Dresden, Heft ii. p. 129, pi. vii. figs. 8, 8a.
Hub. New Guinea. In Mus. Dresden.

Sp. 7 (18). Alcidia boops, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVII. fig. 1.)

Alls supra cyaneo-nigris, anticarum dimidio basali costse striolis, fascia submedia postice
intus incurva, fasciolaque subapicali cseruleo-viridibus ; posticis fascia media dilatata
ejusdem coloris, cauda caeruleo-alba, ciliis albis. Capite maximo, ano maris fulvo bar-
bate. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 4f .

Hab. Aru (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonise.

This insect agrees so entirely with A. agathyrsus that I should have had no hesitation
in so naming it ; but the extraordinary size of the head and eyes, far exceeding those
of any other males of the genus which I have examined, seems a sufficient character to
allow it a distinctive specific rank, although I am aware that in certain insects which
are distinguished by the large size of their heads there is much difierence in the extent
of this character. I know no such instance, however, amongst Lepidopterous insects.

Sp. 8 (19). Alcidia metaurus. (Plate LXXXVII. fig. 2.)
Nyctalemon metaurus, HopfFer, Neue od. wen. bek. Schmett. 11. Heft, pi. 2. figs. 3, 4; Boisduval,

Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 18.
Alcides orontes, Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 14.

Note. — The figure given by Hopffer is far too highly coloured. I have therefore
given a new representation of it. It may be distinguished by the very broad conical
central fascia of the fore wings.

Hab. New Guinea and north of Australasia. In Mus. Hop. Oxoni^,

Sp. 9 (20). Alcidia aurora.

Alcides aurora, Salvin & Godman, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 150, pi. xxiii. figs. 5, 6
Hab. New Ireland, Duke-of-York Island. In Brit. Mus.

Genus 4. Lyssidia, Westw.

(Details, Plate LXXXV. figs. 19, 20.)

Lyssa, Hiibner (Verz. 1816), nee Lissa, Leach, Gen. Crust. (1815).
Nyctalemon, pars ult., Dalman, Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 16.

VOL. X. — PART. XII. No. 4. — June 1st, 1879. 4d

526 PEOF. J. 0. WESTWOOD ON THE UKANIIDJE.

Nyctalemon, pars mcd., Walker, List B.M. Lep. Ilet. p. 7.
Nyctalemon, Gueuee, Sp. Gen. ix. p 14.

Sp. 1 (21). Ltssidia patroclus.

Papilio patroclus, Linn. Mus. Reg. 204; Syst. Nat. ii. 749; Clcrck, Icon. pi. 37. fig. 1 ; God.Enc.

M. ix. 710; {Urania p.) Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 15.
Lyssa patroclaria, Hiibner, "N'erz. p. 289.

Note. — The fascia of the fore wing is broader, white, and extends nearly to the anal
angle of the fore wing.

Hab. Amboina, Sylhet, Java, Duke-of-York Island.

Sp. 2 (22). Lyssidia mex(etius.

Papilio patroclus, Cramer, Pap. pi. 109. figs. A, B ; Drury, Ins. i. pi. 7, 8 ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix.

p. 15 (Nyctal.patr.), nee Linn., Clerck.
Nyctalemon menoetius, Hopffer, Neue od. wen. bek. Sehmett. 11. Heft, pi. 3. fig. 1 (1856) ;

Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 20.
Nyctalemon zampa, Butler, Ent. M. Mag. vol. v. p. 273 (1869).
Nyctalemon crameri, Boisduval, Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 19.
Lyssa achillaria, Hiibner, Verz. p. 289.
Nyctalemon achillaria. Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 15.
Papilio patroclus, var., Cramer, Pap. pi. 198. figs. A, B.

Note. — The fascia is narrow, white, and does not reach near to the anal angle of the
fore wings.

Hah. China, India, Singapore.

Sp. 3 (23). Ltssidia hectoe.

Nyctalemon hector, White, !MS.; Walker, List Brit.-Mus. Lep. Het. vii. p. 1771.
Nyctalemon lonyicaudus, Sehauff. Nuuq. Otios. i. p. 13 (Manilla).

L. fusculo-cinerea, alis anticis posticisque fascia recta obliqua alba ; alis anticis
margine basali nigro, albo subundulato ; alis posticis ad apicem externum nigro plagiatis
vel subfasciatis.

Ilab. Boraeo and Philippine Islands. In Mus. Brit.

Smaller than N. patroclus, inner tail of hind wings proportionally longer.

Sp. 4 (24). Lyssidia najabula.
Nyctalemon najabula, F. Moore^ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 620.

Hah. Andaman Islands. In Mus. Brit.

Smaller and of a much darker fuliginous-brown colour both above and below than
the Indian L. mencetius and the Malayan L. docilis, and has a narrower median trans-

PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID^. 527

verse pale band on both wings above than the former species ; and on the underside
these bands are well defined and narrow. Expanse 5 inches. S. Andaraans (Port Blair).
In Coll. F. Moore.

Sp. 5 (25). Ltssidia docilis.

Nyctalemon docile, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) xiii. p. 197 ; Druce, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 642.
Hab. Malacca. In Mus. Brit.

Genus 5. Manidia, Westw.
(Details, Plate LXXXV. figs. 10-12.)

Mania, Hiibner (Verz.).

Sematura, Dalman, Act. Holm. 1824, p. 407; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 17.
Nyctalemon, pars ult.. Walker, List B. M. Lep. Het. p. 8.
, Guenee, H. N. Lep. ix.

Sp. 1 (26). Manidia lunus.
Phalmna lunus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 810 ; Clerck, Icon. pi. 52. figs. 3, 4 ; Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. 71 1.
Sematura actaon, Felder, Novara, pi. cxxi. fig. 5 (=" Lunvs Clerck," Felder, in text).
Foem. ? Papilio empedocles (Fabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. 10?), Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 199. figs. A, B ;

Godart. Enc. Meth. ix. 711 ; {Uratiia emp.) Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 19.
Mania empedoclaria, Hiibner, Verz. p. 290; Samml. exot. Schm. Lar., B. her. B, f. 314.

Hab. Brasilia, Honduras.

2[ote. — Cramer's figures B, C, plate 220, named cunigcraria by Hiibner, Verz. p. 290,
have been referred to this species; but 'they represent a dift'erent insect, having undu-
lating, not straight, fascise on the wings.

Sp. 2 (27). Manidia selene.
Sematura selene, Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 18; an Nyct. agistus, Wlk.?
Hab. Para.
Sp. 3 (28). Manidia diana.

Sematura diana, Guenee, Sp. G^n. ix. p. 18.
Hab. ?

Sp. 4 (29). Manidia ph(ebe.
Sematura phabe, Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 19, Aim. Soc. Ent. France (5), v. pp. 117, 118 ( $).
Bab. 1

Sp. 5 (30). Manidia caudilunaria.

Papilio lunus 2 , Cramer, Pap. pi. 200. fig. A.
Sematura caudilunaria, Hiibner, Verz. p. 290.

4d 2

528 PROF. J. O. WEST WOOD ON THE URANIIDiE.

Semaiura ph<ebe S , Guenee, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), v. p. 117 (1874).
Ildb. Brasilia, Cayenna, Guiana. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

Sp. 6 (31). Maxidia excavata.

Xyctalemoti excavatus, Walker, List Brit. -Mus. Lcp. Ilet. p. 9; Butler, 111. Lep. Het. B. lit.
pi. 1. fig. 1.

Hab. St. Domingo, Haiti, and Jamaica. In Mus. Brit, et Hopeiano O.xonice.

Sp. 7] (32). Manidia ^gistus.
Papilio agislus? Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 10.
Nyclalemon tEgistus, Walker, List B.M. Lcp. Het. i. p. 9 ; an S. selene, Guciiee ?

Uab. Jamaica (Go55e). In Mus. Brit.

Sp. 8 ? (33). Manidia \ l.\vinia.

Papilio lavinia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 22. An hujus generis ? an Papilio ?
Hab. America.

Genus 6. Coronidia, Westw.
(Details, Plate LXXXV. figs. 1-9.)

Coronis, Latreille et alior. ; ncc Coronis, Hiibner (Verz. Gen. Noctuidarum) ; nee Coronis, Latr.

(Gen. Crust.) ; nee Coronis, Glog. (Gen. Avium).
Larvnda, Hiibner (Verz.), Felder; nee Larunda, Leach (Crust.).

Section 1. Alls posticis cajruleo fasciatis.

Sp. 1 (34). Coronidia orithea. (Plate LXXXVII. fig. 3.)

Alis brunneo-nigris, anticis fasciis duabus albido-carneis rectis parallelis distantibus,
secunda e costa ad angulum internum extensa intus dentata ; alis posticis macula magna
discoidali semilunari caeruleo-azurea in lineam curvatam ad marginem analem prope
angulum analem extensa ; lunulis tribus nigris supra violaceis inter angulum et caudam,
hujus apice subalbido.

Phalana orithea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 2G2. fig. C; [Larunda or.) Hiibner, Verz. no. 2807 ;

[Coronis or.) Walker, List Lcp. Het. Brit. Mus. i. 37; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 21.
Coronis d'urvillii, Boisduval, in Regnc An. 2nd edit. iii. p. 4A0, & v. p. 389, pi. xx. fig. 4 ; (iodart,
Enc. Meth. ix. p. 803; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 21.
Uab. Surinam, Cayenne, Brazil (Espirito Santo), Guiana.

The original figure of this species given by Cramer exhibits the large semioval violet-
coluored patch extending more than halfway from the costa of the hind wings,

PEOP. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIIDiE. 529

and reaching in a fine curved line to the anal margin just above the anal angle, with
several dark lunules between it and the tail. M. Boisduval, evidently overlooking
Cramer's figure, described and figured the same species in Latreille's Appendix to the
second edition of the ' Regne Animal ' under the name of C. d'urvillii, with the following
description, which is stated to be from his pen : —

" CoRONis d'urvillii. — Dessus des premieres ailes d'un brun olivatre, ayant pres de
la base et vers le milieu une bande oblique dentee en scie blanchatre, celle de la base
plus ou moins violatre, celle du milieu un peu lavee d'olivatre sur son cote interne qui
seul est dente, I'extremite oflfre pres de la frange une double ligne grisatre, dont la
plie externe denticulee : ailes post^rieures se terminant par une queue mediocre, un
peu spatulee et ofFrant sur le milieu une bande d'un bleu violet vif, tres-large pres de
la cote et finissant en pointe pres de Tangle anal. Dessous des quatres d'un brun
olivatre pale, avec une bande blanche sur le milieu de chacune, et I'extremite d'un
gris jaunatre. Cayenne; de la collection de M. Boisduval."

Notwithstanding the statement of M. Boisduval that the type was in his collection.
M. Guenee, who was allowed by him the unlimited use of his collection, overlooking
Boisduval's description, says that he only knew C. d'urvillii by LatreiUe's figure, and
that he could not, therefore, describe its colours ; whilst he describes C. orithca from
" Cayenne, un <S Coll. Bdv. Cette magnifique espece est toujours tres rare." It is
evident, therefore, that M. Boisduval had altered the name of the specimen in his
collection from d'urvillii to orithea, probably in consequence of the observation of
M. Blanchard in the Crochard edition of the ' Eegne Animal,' that the two insects were
synonymous.

The insect which I have represented in PI. LXXXVII. fig. 3, appears to me to be
sufficiently similar to Cramer's figure of the species to allow it to be described as the male
thereof, the figures both of Cramer and Boisduval above referred to evidently representing
female insects, whilst the two specimens in the Hopeian Collection, one from Columbia
(collected by Chesterton) and one from Papagaya (collected by Rogers), are males,
having a triangular patch of luteous hairs on the underside of the fore wings near the
middle of the posterior margin nearly concealed by the costal portion of the hind wings
(and hence overlooked by all writers on these insects), whilst the hind wings have a
patch of rough black scales on the upperside between the base and the blue spot.

The fore wings above are of a very rich maroon-brown colour, the basal fourth
part of the wing varied with very slender purplish white lines, forming several more or
less oval dark patches. The outermost of these lines is slightly waved at its junction
with the principal veins. At a slight distance beyond the middle the wing is traversed
by a distinct, nearly straight, narrow, whitish fascia, extending from the costa, where
it is a little dilated, to the anal angle, where its inner margin is a little incurved. This
fascia is marked on the costa with two short brown marks, the inner one of which
extends in a much more slender condition along the inner edge of the fascia. The

530 PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE FEANlIDyE.

apical margin of the wing is marked with two very slender pale lines, which unite
together about half the distance from the apical angle. The first of these lines is
angulated near the angle ; and the outer one is scalloped. The rich purple oval spot
occupying the whole of the outer angle, and a great portion of the disk of the wing,
terminates in a narrow flesh-coloured line extending to the anal angle, from which
upwards the anal margin of the wing is marked with several short, obscure, transverse
marks, whilst between the anal angle and the tail there are three rather laige semioval
black spots.

On the underside of the Columbian specimen the fore wings are uniform brown, the
basal third portion as far as the vein closing the discoidal cell being luteous ; the
costa is narrowly luteous with three small black dots between the end of the cell and
the pale fascia, and six similar dots between the fascia and apical mark. A fascia of
clear, pale huffish white occupies the place of the band of the upperside, with both its
margins slightly scalloped or waved at the veins ; the apical margin is pale luteous
buff", dilated a little at the apex, and marked with very minute black transverse lines ;
this pale border vanishes between the first and second median branches. The hind
wings have the basal half luteous and the apical half brown, the former colour extending
to within two lines of the anal angle. In the Columbian specimen the pale basal
portion terminates in a slight curve, the middle of which is towards the base of the
wing ; it is not defined by a distinct paler streak ; and the longitudinal veins in the
middle of the wing are marked with three or four small luteo-fulvous spots on each.
The apical margin of the hind wings is narrowly luteous bufi" between the tail and
outer angle, and bears a somewhat triangular spot between the tail and anal angle.

There is considerable difference between the two specimens in the Hopeian Collection.
The Columbian one is more elegant in its form, the fore wings of the Papagayan
individual are more ovate, and the hind wings shorter. Tlie dark central portion of
the fore wings is relatively very much broader in the Columbian specimen, in which the
costal margin of the fore wing is unspotted beyond the middle, whereas it bears four
pale dots in the other ; the blue patch on the hind wings is of a whiter blue in the
Papagayan specimen, and the pale basal portion of the hind wings terminates in a
narrow waved paler fascia preceded by a darker and more distinct waved line, this pale
fascia slightly curving outwards in the middle, whilst the pale fascia of the fore wings
on the underside is nearly straight and rather broader than in the other.

Sp. 2 (35). CoKONiDiA ERECTHEA, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVII. fig. 4.)

Prgecedenti similis ; differt margine lato apicali fusco-luteo alarum anticarum, macu-

laque multo minore elongato-trigona ca;ruleo-purpurea posticarum, cauda spatulata alba

nigro bipunctata. Expans. alar antic, unc. 2.

Uab. Brasilia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonise et Mus. Brit.

PEOP. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URANUD^. 531

In its general character this species closely resembles C. orithea. The specimen in
the Hopeian Collection is a male, having the fore wings triangular and pointed at the
tip, and the oval patch of rough black scales on the upperside of the base of the hind
wing, and the tuft of luteous hairs on the hind margin of the underside of the fore
wing, whilst two individuals in the British Museum, from Espirito Santo, want these
characteristic sexual markings. In these two specimens, however, the antennae are
slightly bipectinated, proving the anomalous fact that simple antennse may be
characteristic of the males of a species of which the female has those organs more or
less pectinated.

In the Hopeian specimen the coloured patch of the hind wings is elongate-conic,
broadest at the costa, with its sides nearly even and straight, and terminating in a
somewhat flesh-coloured streak extending nearly to the anal angle ; but in the British-
Museum specimens the outer margin of this blue patch is somewhat more scalloped.
The terminal joint of the palpi is very short and clavate. On the underside the wings
are brown, the basal portion being only slightly tinted with ochreous buff; the fore
wings without the pale marks at the base, the central one entii'e and white with a
pearly tinge, the apical margin nearly as on the upper side. The under wings beneath
have a slightly defined, central, oblique, waved fascia of palish lilac, preceded towards
the base by two slender, brown, dentated, waved lines. The patch of luteous hairs on
the underside of the fore wings is covered by the costal margin of the hind wing, and
forms a triangular patch lying flat on the wing, and reaching to the first branch of the
median vein. Beyond the fascia the hind wing is uniform brown with a small
pale triangular patch between the anal angle and the tail, which is brown and tipped
with white.

Sp. 3 (36). CoRONiDiA BOREADA, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVII. fig. 5.)
Prsecedentibus similis, diff'ert antennis foeminse circiter 80-articulatis, articulis bipec-
tinatis ; fascia media alarum anticarum intus denticulata, extus recta, e costa ad angulum
posticum extensa, et ibi intus curvata, costa parum lutescenti-guttata, margine apicali
bilineato, linea interna prope angulum apicis angulata, linea externa bistrigulata et cum
praecedente pone medium marginis apicalis confluente ; alls posticis macula anguste
semi-ovata caerulea, in lineam augustiorem carneam ad angulum analem extensa,
margine anali luteo-subfasciato, margine apicali inter angulum analem et caudam
maculis duabus semiovalibus, et inter banc et angulum externum margine tenui albido
striolam nigram includente. Expans. alar, antic. 2f unc.
Hab. Brasilia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonise et Britann.

The remarkable elongated and bipectinated antennae of the female in this species
distinguish it at once from all its congeners. As the wings do not exhibit the secondary
sexual characters noticed in the males of the preceding species, I am compelled to

532 PROF. J. O. ^\^ESTWOOD ON TllE URANIID^.

consider the specimens with these antennae females. They are now for the first time
noticed ; and I know no other instance amongst Lepidopterous insects in which pectina-
tions are developed in the female antennae whilst those of the male are simple. On
the underside the wings are brown, buflf at the base, the fore wings without basal
markings and with a central fascia shaped as on the upperside, white, very slightly
tinged with luteous ; the apical margin with a sharply marked pale buff edge, slightly
scalloped within and finely irrorated with brown scales ; the costa indistinctly marked
with four dark spots beyond the fascia : the hind wings have a central, strongly
scalloped, narrow, pale buff fascia, very oblique, preceded and followed by a slender
black waved line, the veins beyond the fascia being dark brown, dotted with minute
buff marks ; between the anal angle and the tail, and between the tail and the outer
angle, the margin of the hind wings is buff, irrorated witli brown scales.

Sp. 4 (37). CORONIDIA HYPHASIS.

C. alis fusco-nigris, fascia media continua anticarum recta alba, posticarum curvata
ulbo-caerulea micante; subtus pallidioribus fascia communi angustiore alba lilacino
inicante (fem.). Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2, lin. 2.

Antennae in figura Hopflferi parura serrataj videntur.

Coronis kyphosis, Hopffcr, Lep. nov. pi. l.xxxvii. fig. 2, 3.

This species is distinguished by the middle band of the fore wings being more trans-
verse, reaching considerably within tlie posterior angle of the wings, to which it is
united by a short marginal extension, so that it is much more continuous with the band
of the hind wings than in any of the other blue-banded species.

Hah. Mexico.

Sp. 5 (38). COROXIDIA HYSUDRUS.

C. alis fusco-nigris, fascia media non continua anticarum obliqua alba, posticarum
subcurvata, cyaneo micante ; subtus fuscis, anticis fascia lilacino-alba, posticis testaceo
inoratis (mas. et fem.). Expans. alar, antic, lin. 24, 25.

Coronis hysudrus, Ilopffer, Lep. uov. pi. Ixxxvii. figs. 4, 5.

This species is closely allied to C. boreada, from which it differs in the form of the
pale band of the hind wings, and in the structure of the antennae. Hopflfer
figures a female, but states that specimens of both sexes are in the Berlin Museum.
It is therefore evident that, had the antennae in either or both sexes been pectinated,
he would have represented or described them so.

Hab. Brasilia et Mexico.

PEOF. J, 0. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID^. 533

vSection 2. Alis posticis rufo fasciatis.

Sp. 6 (39). CORONIDIA EGINA.

" Ailes brunes ; les anterieures presentent alternativement des lignes ondulees plus
obscures et plus pales et en outre quatre bandes transversales d'un gris blanchatre
interrompues par des lignes brunes. La premiere de ces bandes est presque basilaire, la
4'"'' presque terminale, la 2"'- en dega et la 3"'' au dela du milieu. Les ailes posterieures,
plus rembrunies dans leur moitie inferieure que vers la base, ont une large bande rouge
attenuee avant d'arriver au cote interne de I'aile. En outre il existe pres du bord
terminal des stries transversales et 3 ou 4 taches noiratres."

Coronis egina, Boisduval, in R. An., Crocliard edit., Atlas, Ins. pi. 165. fig. 4 ; Walker, List Lep.
Het. B. M. i. 38 ; Chenu, Enc. Hist. n. Pap. p. 234, fig. 399 ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. Lep. ix.
p. 21, pi. 1. fig. 3.
Hab. Brazil. In Mus. Brit.

CoRONiDiA EGINA, var. \ (Plate LXXXVII. tigs. 6, 7.)

I have represented in figs. 6 & 7 an insect from Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the Hopeian
Collection, which agrees in nearly every respect with the figure given of this species in
the Crochard edition of the ' Regne Animal ;' but the precise form of the markings
of the fore wings is either incorrectly given in that figure, or we must regard the insect
before us as distinct. The red band of the hind wings also is more ovate than in the
C'rochard figure, with its outer edge scalloped ; and it only extends to the middle of the
wing instead of arriving in an attenuated form at the anal margin ; the tail also is very
broadly spatulate in the Hopeian specimen ; the longitudinal lower discoidal vein of
the fore wings is also white beyond the fascia, uniting with the white inner edge of the
pale apical border, and enclosing therewith a broad dark patch, widest at the costa,
which space on the underside of the wing is tinged with rosy. The underside of the
wings of this insect is so beautiful that I have given a separate figure of it. If it
should ultimately prove to be distinct from C. egina, I propose the name of pauliva for
it. The specimen measures 2^ inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are
rather sharply pointed at the tip, with the hind margin dilated and rounded. The
characteristic sexual characters of the wings are wanting.

Sp. 7 (40). CORONIDIA CANACE.

C. alis fuscis, subtus pallidioribus : anticis supra strigis obliquis luteo-albidis tribus,
exteriore rectissima, subtus fascia media obliqua albida rectissima ; posticis supra fascia
angulata sanguinea, subtus rubescenti-albida (mas et fern.).

VOL. x. — PART XII. No. 5. — June 1st, 1879. 4 e

534 PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URAMirK.

C. egirne proxima.

Coroiiis caiiace, Ilopft'cr, Lep. nov. pi. Ixxxvii. fig. 6.

limb. Brazil.

.Sp. 8 (41). CoRoxiDiA COLUMBIANA, sp. iiov. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 4.)

C. alis anticis magnis ovatis fuscis, stiigis nuraerosissimis obscurioribus obliquis plus
rainusve undulatis fasciisque 4 subalbidis, Ima angusta obliqua prope basin, 2nda ante
medium, linca tenui fusca interna notata, 3tia pone medium marginibus ejus parum
undulatis, ad angulum posticum extensa et ibi incurva, 4ta ante apicem et cum margine
apicali, supra angulum posticum, confluente, lunulis subapicalibus nigris ; alis posticis
fuscis, fascia curvata submedia extus lobulata, obscure punicea seu chermesina, e medio
ahie ad angulum analem augustata, obscuriore et recurva, margiue apicali inter caudara
et angulum analem maculis magnis semiovalibus nigris, et inter caudam et anjiulum
externum pallida fusco-lineato.

Alis anticis subtus basi pallidis, macula nigra ad apicem cellula; discoidalis, fasciis
duabus paginte superioris obliteratis, spatio inter fascias otiam et 4tam obscuriores fusco,
baud undulato ; alis posticis, basi pallidis, fascia media latiori et ad angulum analem
late extensa, margineque postico etiam maculis continuis pallide chcrmesinis notato.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2i.

JIab. Columbia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

The specimen in the Hopcian Collection, obtained from M. Depuiset, appears to be
a female, being destitute of the patch of scales on the hind wings and the tuft of hairs
on the fore wings. It is closely allied to C. canace, which inhabits Brazil.

Sp. 9 (42). CoROXiDiA NiCARAGUANA, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 3.)

C. alis supra fuscis, anticis acute trigonis, strigis numerosis plus minusve undulatis
nigris, lineola tenui subbasali, fascia ante medium alteraque undulata pone medium
obscure luteo-fuscis et lineolis undulate notatis, margine apicali pauUo pallidiore, intus
subundato ; alis posticis fuscis, dimidio externo obscurioribus, longe pone medium
fascia intus recta et extus triloba, sanguinea e margine costali ad medium ala; extensa,
spatio inter medium et angulum analem obscurius undulato, margine postico inter
caudara et angulum analem maculis semiovalibus nigris notato et inter caudam et
angulum externum lineis fulvis nigrisque undulato, cauda spatulata macula ovali
nigra notata, Expans. alar. unc. 2^.

Hah. Nicaragua {Belt). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

The fore wings are of a much more triangular and acute form than in C. canace.
The tuft of hair and patch of scales are wanting ; but the shape of the wmgs induces me
to regard the Hopeian specimen as a male. The underside closely resembles that of

PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID^. 535

C. pauUna, except that the central fascia is more elbowed and undulated towards the
costa, the pale subapical margin is more irregular, and the middle fascia of the hind
wings is light rosy ferruginous, with the veins crossing the fascia whitish, and a minute
dot of white on each of the black spots of the tail.

Sp. 10 (43). CoKONiDiA ^OLA, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVIII. figs. 1, 2.)
C. testaceo-fusca, alis anticis striolis obscuris numerosis transverse undulatis, fascia
transversa albida tenuissima prope basin alarum, 2nda ante medium paullo curvata
angusta, 3tia pone medium fere recta e costa extus Integra, intus denticulata, ad angulum
posticum extensa et intus striola media fusca notata, inter fascias 2dam et Stiam serie
transversa ocellorum nigrorum ; lineola abrupte angulata prope apicem alarum e fascia
tertia ducta, serieque apicali lunularum nigrarum ; alis posticis basi pallide fuscis,
dimidio externo obscurioribus, fascia sanguinea e costa (ultra medium) in medio alae
recurva et ibi obscuriore et angustiore marginem analem attingente, spatio pone fasciam
obscurius undulato, margine postico inter angulum analem et caudam nigro maculato,
inter caudam et angulum externum albido anguste lunulato, cauda late spatulata nigro
ocellata : alis infra basi pallidis, singula macula parva obscura in cellula discoidali,
anticis fascia recta pone medium alba, dimidioque antico marginis apicalis pallido ;
alis posticis fascia submedia pallidiore sanguinea intus nigro marginata et antice et
postice striolis obscuris undulatis numerosis notatis. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2§-3.

Hah. West Indies, Guatemala, Brazil. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

The four specimens of this species in the Hopeian Collection described above and
illustrated in the accompanying figure, appear to be females, and are destitute of the
patches of hair and scales distinctive of the males of some, at least, of the species of
this genus.

The straight pale middle fascia of the fore wings separates it from C.jiauUna, rosina,
and nkaraguana.

Sp. 11 (44). CoRONiDiA KosiNA. (Plate LXXXVII. figs. 8, 9.)

C. alis fuscis, anticis strigis numerosis augustis transversis parum undulatis nigris,
fascia tenui prope basin transversa, 2da ante medium recta Integra et bilineata, 3tia
pone medium subundulata atque etiam intus fusco-bilineata lineolaque subapicali albida,
strigisque marginalibus subpaUidis angustis; alis posticis fascia submedia dimidiata
puniceo-rufa antice fere recta, postice undata, e costa ad medium alae extensa et ibi
anguste incurva multo obscuriore et retro directa, spatio pone fasciam ad angulum
externum nigricante, ad angulum analem pallidiore et tenuissime undulato, maculis
submarginalibus inter angulum analem et caudam nigris anguloque externo albido,
cauda spatulata lutea macula oceUari nigra. Alis infra basi pallide luteo fuscis, anticis
macula parva subocellata in ceUula discoidali, fascia curvata paullo pone medium

4e2

536 PROF. J. O. WEST WOOD ON THE UEANllD.i:.

alteraque cum maiginc apicali parallela albidis ; alis posticis fascia rufa media mai,'is
continua alteraque minus distincta inter banc et raarginem posticum, cauda nigra
apice albo. Expans. alar, antic, uuc. 2^.

Larunda rosina, Feldcr, Novara, tab. cxxxi. figs. 3,4. (sine descriptione).

J{ab. Bogota.

No description of this species has, I believe, hitherto been published by Dr. Felder ;
but his characteristic figure leads me to infer that the insect represented in my figure,
from a specimen in the Hopeian Collection, obtained from M. Depuiset, is identical.
This specimen does not exhibit the tuft of hairs or patch of scales, although from its
general appearance I suppose it to be a male.

Section 3. Alis posticis fulvo fasciatis.

Sp. 12 (45). CORONIDIA ECHENAIS.

C. alis utrinque fuscis, anticis supra lineis transversis undulatis obscurioribus et
pallidioribus alternis, medio nigro-fusco subfasciatis, subtus testaceo-marginatis, medio
albo-fasciatis ; posticis supra fascia media antice flava postice brunnea, subtus tota
rubenti-flava, nigro marginata (mas). Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2, lin. 4.
Coronis eckenais, Hopfter, Lep. nov. pi. Ixxxviii. fig. 1.

JIab. Mexico.

C. ECHEXAis, var. 1 (C. (7ra?2«rfma, Westw., provis.) (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 5.)

C. alis pallide fuscis, anticis supra fusco valde undulatis, fascia valde undulata media
nigricante, pone medium pallidiore at sensim versus apicem obscuriore, raarginc apicali
pallidiore, intus albido-dcnticulato ; alis posticis in medio obscuris, fascia undulata pone
medium Lete fulva, inter medium et marginem analem fere obliterata, maculis margi-
nalibus nigris inter caudam et angulum analem, cauda etiam macula angulata nigra
notata : alis anticis subtus basi pallide fuscis, puncto obscuro in cellula discoidali, fascia
media undata albida, intus fusco late marginata, pone fasciam fuscis margine lutescenti
intus undato ; alis posticis subtus magis fulvescentibus, puncto in cellula, fascia fusca
irregular! media, pone fasciam fulvis, extus magis brunneis in fuscum vergentibus,
margine fulvo. Expans. alar, antic, fere unc. 2f .

JIah. Nova Granada. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonia;.

The gradually dark subapical mark of the fore wings and the different shape of the
fulvous fascia of the hind wings seem to separate this insect from the smaller Mexican
species figured by liopffier. The Ilopeian specimen is, I presume, a female, having
neither patches of hair nor of scales on the wings.

PEOr. J. 0. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID.E. 537

C. ECHENAis, var. (C. subpicta, Wlk.)

C. nigro-fusca : alis anticis lineis transversis undulatis obscurioribus et pallidioribus
alternis, puncto subcostal! ante medium fasciaque nigvo-fuscis, subtus basi testacea,
fasciisque duabus albido-testaceis ; alis posticis fascia brevi obliqua undulata lutea,
postice ferrugineis lineis obliquis angulatis fuscis ocellisque caudalibus. Long. corp. lin.
11 ; expans. alar, antic, lin. -34.

Coronis subpicta, Walk. List Lep. Het. B. M. i. 39; Butler, 111. Lep. Het. B. M. pi. 3. fig. 2.

Hab. Venezuela {Dyson). In Mus. Brit.

This variety of C. echenais, as I regard it, is much darker, and suffused with brown
on the fore wings ; the hind wings also are darker; and the fulvous band is obliterated,
except in the middle of the wing ; but the characteristic markings are identical in both.

Sp. 13 (46). CoRONiDiA BiBLiNA, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 7.)

C. alis anticis supra nigro-fuscis, obscurius valde undulatis, fascia alba pone medium
alarum, e costa ad angulum posticum extensa, fere recta, ante medium alse tamen extus
pauUo cui'vata, intus prsesertim ad costam obscurius guttata, margine apicali lunulis
fulvis obscuris notato ; alis posticis fuscis fascia angusta Isete aurantiaca extus castanea
in medio valde curvata, pone medium notatis, puncto pallido ad angulum externum,
Cauda spatulata alba ocello nigro ad basin albo biguttato notata, lunulisque nigris inter
caudam et angulum analem : alis anticis infra fuscis basi pallidioribus, puncto parvo
obscuro discoidali, fascia alba ut in pagina superiore, margine pallido in dimidio antico
alarum ; alis posticis ut supra coloratis, fasciis praesertim castaneis magis distinctis.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2f .

Hab. Nicaragua, Venezuela. In Mus. Brit, et Hopeiano Oxoniee.

The large rounded wings of this species, destitute of the sexual patches of hairs and
scales, indicate the specimens I have hitherto seen to be females.

Sp. 14 (47). CoRONiDiA JAPET. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 6.)

" Les quatre ailes d'un brun grisatre ; les anterieures presentent plusieurs lignes
ondulees plus obscures, et deux bandes transversales blanchatres, I'un pres de la base,
I'autre au dela du milieu. Les ailes posterieures, plus obscures, vers leur extremite,
ont une bande transversale ondulee d'un jaune orange, et une rangee de taches noires
circlees de grisatre pres du bord terminal."

Hab. Brazil.
Coronis japet, Boisduval in 'E-egne Animal/ ed. Crochard, Ins. pi. 145. fig. 3; Chenn, Enc. Hist.

n. Pap. 234, p. 400 ; Walker, List Lep. Het. B. M. i. 38.
Coronis leachii ? , sec. Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 23.

538 PKOF. J. 0. WESTWOOD ON THE UKANlIDiE.

The Hopeian Collection possesses five speciraeiis which I regard as belonging to this
species, apparently of both sexes, from Brazil and Parana (Papagaya), and Nicaragua
(the latter collected by Mr. Belt). One of these, apparently a male (although destitute
of the sexual patches of scales and hairs), is represented in fig. G. The central
fascia is nearly straight, being only curved a little outwardly rather in front of the
middle of the wing ; the apical margin is pale and very irregular, marked, however, below
the middle with two large conical pale spots.

On the underside the basal half of the fore wings is pale greyish brown with a dark
dot in the middle of the discoidal cell, the basal fascia is wanting, the middle very
distinct and nearly white, the anterior half of the apical margin with a pale brown
patch ; the hind wings are rich brown, pale at the base, with the fascia of a pale rosy
buff colour, preceded and followed by pale undulated lines, especially marked on the
veins; the outer and anal angles are marked with white.

Although there is considerable general resemblance between this species and C. leachii,
I cannot agree with M. Guenee in regarding these fulvous banded individuals as the
females of the black C. leachii. The shape of the band of the fore wings is of itself
quite sufficient (independent of the want of the band of the hind wings) to separate the
two species.

Sp. 15 (48). CoROxNiDiA BRiSEis, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 9.)
C. alls pallide fuscis, anticis prope basin lineolis 4 angulatis fuscis per paria dispositis,
tunc fascia obliqua albida extus nigro marginata, spatio medio obscure fusco prope costam
valde dilatato extus nigricante, tunc fascia lata albida, fuscescenti parum nebulosa,
striolisque fuscis parum undulatis scquentibus, margine irregular! pallidiore pone medium
in maculas tres conicas intus dilatato ; alis posticis fuscis fascia submedia lata parum
curvata flavida, angulo externo apiceque caudae albo notatis, hac nigro bimaculata ;
alis infra coloribus magis uniformibus, fascia media anticarum magis distincta, venis
posticarum punctis fuscis et albidis obscurius notatis. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2,
Hab. '\ In Mus. Ilopeiano Oxonise.

Sp. 16 (49). CORONIDIA INTERLINEATA. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 8.)

Fusca, subtus testacea ; antennis fulvis ; alis anticis lineis alternis obscurioribus et
pallidioribus transversis undulatis, quatuorque distinctioribus albidis, duabus basalibus
angulatis, 3tia undulata, 4ta subapicali angulata ; alis posticis fascia obliqua undulata
lutea, subtus fusco trifasciatis. Long. corp. lin. 10 ; expans. alar, antic, lin. 29.
Coronis interlineata, Wlk. List Lcp. Ilet. B. M. i. 38; Butler, 111. Lep. Het. B. M. pi. 3. fig. 1.

Ilab. ? In Mus. Brit. Bogota vel Venezuela. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonioe.

The Hopeian Museum possesses a specimen of this species presented to me by the
late Dr Kaden, from Bogota or Venezuela. The general colour of the upperside of

PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UEANIID^. 539

the fore wings is pale brown, very much varied with lighter and darker very undulating
and angulated lines, which form several macular spots rather before the middle of the
wings, and with a very much curved whitish line terminating the central darker part
of the wing ; the apical margin is pale and marked with darker lines, and with three
prominent conical spots between the middle of the margin and the posterior an^le,
preceded by dark reversed-conical dots. The hind wings are pale brown at the base.

On the underside the fore wings have the base quite pale brown and uniform, with
two square dark brown spots in the middle towards the costa, separated by a light
fulvous one, and followed by the very much curved fulvous fascia ; the apical margin
also fulvous, with the conical spots strongly marked ; the hind wings are fulvous, with
a dark fuscous fascia in the middle. All the veins are marked with blackish dots.
Expansion of the fore wings If inch.

Sp. 17 (50). CoRONiDiA GENEVANA, sp. nov. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 10.)

C. alls supra fuscis, anticis puncto parvo nigro versus basin strigaque transversa nigra
ad apicem cellulse discoidalis, pone medium lineis duabus approximatis gracilibus valde
undatis, spatio sequente fulvescente, venis nigro punctatis, apice alarum obscuriore ; alis
posticis fuscis paullo obscurius variegatis, fascia luteo-fulva inter medium et angulum
externum ad medium alae tantum extensa, cauda brevi conica, ad basin ocello parvo
nigro notata : alis anticis infra pallide fuscis, guttis quatuor nigris in medio costae
punctoque parvo stigmaticali nigra extus, striga pallidiore in medio alae, fascia pallida
luteo-fulva pone medium, spatio apical; pallide fusco obscurius undulato versus costam
et undulis fasciam angustiorem et obscuriorem versus angulum posticum formantibus ;
alis posticis pallide luteo-albidis, costa lineis obscurioribus et curvatis, et fascia valde
undulata medium alae occupante e lineis fuscis formata, margine parura pallidiore
guttis hastatis in venis notato. Expans. alar, unc, 2.

Hah. Mexico. In Mus. Genevae.

Sp. 18 (51). CoRONiDiA OCTLUS, Boisduval, Consid. Lepid. Guatemala, p. 76.

" Port et taille de notre Coronis japet figuree par M. Emile Blanchard. Dessus des
ailes d'un brun clair, traversees au dela du milieu par une bande commune d'un blanc
jaunatre sur les superieures et d'un jaune d'ocre sur les inferieures ; de chaque cote de
cette bande, la teinte generale est presque noiratre et I'extremite marginale d'un gris
cendre. Les secondes ailes out en outre un point noir a la base de leur appendice caudal ;
dessous grisatre, celui des superieures avec un point discoidal noir et deux bandes
jaunatres. Une seule femelle de Guatemala. Nous possedons un exemplaire un pen
plus petit venant du Mexique. II est possible que le male, que nous ne connaissons
pas, differe beaucoup de la femelle."

540 PROF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID^.

Sp. 10 (52). COROXIDIA DL'CATRIX.
Coronls ducatrix, Sthaufuss, Nunq. Otios. i. p. 12.

'• Oben heller braun als Evemis, Obei^fliigel mit zwei fahlen, etwas gezackten, linirten
Querbinden,welche nach aussen zu dunkel abschattirt sind ; Rand mit heller Querwolken
nach aufwarts, jede vorn mit dunklem irreguliirem Strich begrenzt ; Unterfliigel mit
querer eckig ausgebogencr, gebuchteter orangc-gelber Binde ; Aussenrand mit gelber
und schwarzer Binde urageben, an die beiden ausseren Enden weiss gefranzt, nach
imten mit vier runden oder halbraondforraigen schwarz brauen Flecken. Unten der
C. leachi, God., ganz ahnlich, nur die Unterfliigel mit weisslicher, rosa angeflogener
Binde." War mit dem Namen Ingw Moritz bezeichnet. Lat. 43-5G mm.

Ilab. Venezuela.

Section 4. Alis posticis hand fasciatis.
Sp. 20 (53). CoROMDiA LEACHii. (Plate LXXXVIII. fig. 11.)

C. nigro-fusca : alis anticis liueis transversis undulatis pallidioribus, fasciaque recta
alba in anticis discoidali, in posticis marginali, anticis strigis anticis subapicalibus
rufescentibus, subtus basim versus pallidioribus, gutta costali nigro-fusca ; alis posticis
ocellis caudalibus, subtus linea transversa valde undulata testacea apud venas albida.

Coronis leachii, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. 803; Guerin, Icon. R. An. Ins. pi. 83. fig. 3; Griffith,
Anim. Kingd. Ins. pi. 53. fig. 8; Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. pi. 14 (10 B). fig. 2; Walk.
List B.M. Lep. Het. i. 39; Guenee, Sp. Gen.ix. p. 22, pi. 1. fig. 2.

Hab. Mexico [Ilartweg). Spirito Santo, Brasilia. In Mus. Brit, et Hopeiano,
Oxonise.

M. Guenee considers this species to consist of males, of which C- japet are the
females. Of four specimens in the Hopeian Collection, from Brazil and Guatemala,
all are destitute of the sexual patches of hair and scales ; the size of the abdomen
nevertheless indicates them to be males. Tiie dark-coloured central portion of the
wings is much broader towards the hinder margin than in C. japet. Its outline also
on both sides is much more irregular. The white patch at the outer angle of the hind
wings is also much larger,

Sp. 21 (54). CoRONIDIA EVEXUS.

" Ailes entierement d'un brun assez fonce, les superieures presentant dans toute leur
etendue des lignes transversales ondulees, et dans leur milieu il en existe deux qui
circonscrivent un espace plus fonce. Les ailes posterieures offrent au bord terminal des
taches semilunaires et sur I'appendice cordiforme une autre tache arrondie. Expans.
alar, antic, unc. 2, lin. 2-3.

PEOF. J. 0. WESTWOOD ON THE URANIID^. 541

C. evenus, Boisduval in Cuv. R. Ad. ed. Crocliard, Ins. pi. 145. fig. 2 ; Chenu, Euc. Hist. n. Pap.

234, fig. 401 ; Wallver, List Lep. Het. B. M. i. 40 ; Guenee, Sp. Gen. ix. p. 23.
" C. leachii, var. ?" Walker, /. c.

Hah. Venezuela {Dtjson). In Mus. Brit, et Hopeiano, Oxonise.

This species differs from C. leachii in the uniform nearly black colour of the hind
wings, without any white patch at the outer angle, and by the more distinct pale apical
margin of the fore wings, dilated into two or three conical pale patches towards the
posterior angle. The space preceding the pale apical margin is also much darker than
in C. leackii. A specimen in the Hopeian Museum is either from Venezuela or New
Granada.

Note.— Of C. ducalis, Schaufuss (Nunquam Otiosus, i. p. 12), from Venezuela, and
C. dufreuxii, E. Deyrolle, in Rev. Zool., from Costa Rica, no descriptions have been
published.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LXXXV.

Fig. 1. Larva of Coronidia (sp. allied to C. orithea)., pp. 521, 528.

Fig. 2. Pupa of ditto.

Fig. 3, Palpus of Coronidia wola.

Fig. 4. Fore leg of ditto.

Fig. 5. Middle leg of ditto.

Fig. 6. Hind leg of ditto.

Fig. 7. Fore wing of ditto.

Fig. 8. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 9. Head and antennae of Coronidia boreada.

Fig. 10. Head and antennae of Manidia lunus, p. 521.

Fig. 11. Fore wing of ditto.

Fig. 12. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 13. Fore wing of Uranidia sloanus, pp. 520, 521.

Fig. 14. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 15. Fore wing of Chrysiridia rhipheus, pp. 520, 522.

Fig. 16. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 17. Fore wing of Alcidia orontes, pp. 520, 524.

Fig. 18. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 19. Fore wing of Lyssidia patrochis, pp. 520, 525.

Fig. 20. Hind wing of ditto.

VOL. X, — PART XII. No 6. — June 1st, 1879. 4 f

542 PEOF. J. O. WESTWOOD ON THE UKANIID.E.

PLATE LXXXVI.
Fig. 1. Fore wing of Erebus {Patula) macrops, p. 512.
Fig. 2. Hind wing of ditto (male).
Fig. 3. Hind wing of ditto (female).
Fig. 4. Head of ditto.

Fig. 5. Fore wing of Urajitenjx sambucaria, p. 514.
Fig. 6. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 7. Fore wing oi Hydria undulata (from Packard), p. 513.
Fig. 8. Fore wing of Strophidia vollenhovii, p. 514.
Fig. 9. Hind wing of ditto.

Fig. 10. Wings oi Asthenidia podaliriaria, p. 515.
Fig. 11. Fore wing of Aftacns paiwiia minor, p. 517.
Fig. 12. Fore wing oi Endromis versicolor, p. 517.
Fig. 13. Hind wing oi Eudcemonia semiramis, p. 517.

. Fore wing oi Aglaia fan, p. 517.

. Fore wing oi Acfias lima, p. 517.

. Hind wing of ditto.

. Fore wing of Gastropacha quercifolia, p. 518.

. Wings oi Epicopeia pohjdora, p. 518.

PLATE LXXXVII.

Alcidia boops, male, p. 525. Fig, 7. Coronidia egina, underside, p. 533.

Alcidia metaurus, p. 525. Fig. 8. Coronidia rosina, p. 535.

Coronidia orithea, var., p. 528. Fig. 9. Coronidia rosina, underside.

Coronidia erecthea, p. 530.
Fig. 5. Coronidia boreada, p. 531.
Fig. G. Coronidia i)aulina, p. 533.

PLATE LXXXVIII.

Fig. 1. Coronidia ceola, p. 535. Fig. 7. Coronidia biblina, p. 537.

Fig. 2. Coronidia wola, underside, p. 535. Fig. 8. Coroiiidia interUneata, p. 538.

Fig. 3. Coronidia nicaraguana, p. 534. Fig. 9. Coronidia briseis, p. 538.

Fig. 4. Coronidia columbiana, p. 534. Fig. 10. Coronidia genemna, p. 539.

Fig. 5. Coronidia granadina, p. 6Z6. Fig. 11. Coro7iidia leachii, p. 54:0.
Fig. 6. Coronidia Japet, p. 537.

Fig.

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16.

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